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Short-Term Exposure to a Calorically Dense Diet Alters Taste-Evoked Responses in the Chorda Tympani Nerve, But Not Unconditioned Lick Responses to Sucrose.
|
Upon presentation of a calorically dense diet, rats display hyperphagia driven by increased meal size. The increased meal size and hyperphagia are most robust across the first several days of diet exposure before changes in body weight are evident, thus it is plausible that one of the factors that drives the hyperphagia may be enhanced orosensory responsivity. Here, electrophysiological responses to an array of taste stimuli were recorded from the chorda tympani nerve, a branch of the facial nerve that innervates taste receptors in the anterior tongue, of rats presented a high-energy (45% fat and 17% sucrose) diet for 3 days. Responses in the high-energy diet group were significantly higher for 0.01, 0.03, 0.06 and 0.3 M sucrose; 0.05 M Na-saccharin; and 0.01 M quinine compared with those of chow-fed controls. Another cohort of animals was tested in 30-min brief-access taste sessions (10-s trials) to a sucrose concentration series across the first 6 days of high-energy diet presentation. Both groups responded in a concentration-dependent manner. No significant group differences in unconditioned licking or trials initiated were revealed. Results from a third cohort of rats showed that responses to sucrose in a brief-access taste test also remained largely unchanged as a function of 3-day access to a sucrose solution. Taken together, these findings suggest that 3 days of high-energy diet exposure results in alterations to peripheral gustatory signaling yet these changes do not necessarily generalize to changes in responsiveness to sucrose, as least as measured in this procedure.
|
['Animal Feed', 'Animals', 'Chorda Tympani Nerve', 'Diet', 'Energy Intake', 'Feeding Behavior', 'Food Preferences', 'Male', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Sucrose', 'Taste']
| 29,860,418
|
[['G07.203.300.300.100', 'J02.500.300.100'], ['B01.050'], ['A08.800.800.120.250.120'], ['G07.203.650.240'], ['G07.203.650.240.340'], ['F01.145.113.547', 'F01.145.407', 'G07.203.650.353'], ['F01.145.407.516', 'G07.203.650.353.516'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['D09.698.629.305.770', 'D09.947.750.770'], ['F02.830.816.724', 'G11.561.790.724']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
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|
Enzootic aspergillosis in wild red vented cockatoos in the Philippines.
|
Philippine Red Vented Cockatoos were being trapped in the wild and dispersed directly to private homes, aviaries, pet stores and for export to the United States of America. Except for non-aggressive behaviour and tiring easily the subjects showed clinically nothing peculiar. Numerous cases of Aspergillosis with no clinical signs prior to death were being reported at the United States Air Force Base, Clark Field, Angeles City, Philippines. In all cases stress was a predisposing factor to death; such as enclosure in a small bird cage. Those birds in aviaries that were kept free-flying remained clinically normal, with no deaths recorded. Systematic examination to determine the causative source of infection was carried out and revealed natural infection in the wild state as the cause of disease in caged Red Vented Cockatoos in the Philippines. Examination on three other species of Philippine Pstitticine birds revealed only the Red Vented Cockatoo to be infected or a latent carrier in the wild state.
|
['Animals', 'Aspergillosis', 'Aspergillus fumigatus', 'Bird Diseases', 'Birds', 'Philippines']
| 7,012,630
|
[['B01.050'], ['C01.150.703.080'], ['B01.300.381.081.295'], ['C22.131'], ['B01.050.150.900.248'], ['Z01.252.145.671', 'Z01.639.790']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
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Efficacy study of novel diamidine compounds in a Trypanosoma evansi goat model.
|
Three diamidines (DB 75, DB 867 and DB 1192) were selected and their ability to cure T. evansi experimentally infected goats was investigated. A toxicity assessment and pharmacokinetic analysis of these compounds were additionally carried out. Goats demonstrated no signs of acute toxicity, when treated with four doses of 1 mg/kg/day (total dose 4 mg/kg). Complete curative efficacy of experimentally infected goats was seen in the positive control group treated with diminazene at 5 mg/kg and in the DB 75 and DB 867 groups treated at 2.5 mg/kg. Drug treatment was administered once every second day for a total of seven days. Complete cure was also seen in the group of goats treated with DB 75 at 1.25 mg/kg. DB 1192 was incapable of curing goats at either four-times 2.5 mg/kg or 1.25 mg/kg. Pharmacokinetic analysis clearly demonstrated that the treatment failures of DB 1192 were due to sub-therapeutic compound levels in goat plasma, whilst compound levels for DB 75 and DB 867 remained well within the therapeutic window. In conclusion, two diamidine compounds (DB 75 and DB 867) presented comparable efficacy at lower doses than the standard drug diminazene and could be considered as potential clinical candidates against T. evansi infection.
|
['Animals', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Female', 'Goats', 'Mice', 'Models, Animal', 'Trypanocidal Agents', 'Trypanosoma']
| 21,698,106
|
[['B01.050'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.513'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['E05.598'], ['D27.505.954.122.250.100.875'], ['B01.268.475.868.887']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
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Electrical stimulation prevents immobilization atrophy in skeletal muscle of rabbits.
|
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of unilateral cast immobilization with and without surface electrical stimulation (ES) on the tibialis anterior (TA) muscle of rabbits.DESIGN: Prospective randomized trial.SETTING: University medical school.ANIMALS: 53 New Zealand White rabbits (aged 54 to 63 days, weight 1.73 to 1.91 kg). METHODS AND INTERVENTION: Random assignment, for a 3-week period, to one of four groups: C group (control group), I group (immobilization group), S group (group of electrical stimulation which was stimulated isometrically at 50 Hz, 30 minutes per day, 5 times a week), and IS group (immobilization group which, like the S-group, received electrical stimulation).OUTCOME MEASURES: Muscle wet wight, muscle fiber cross-sectional area, muscle fiber types, and muscle capillary supply.RESULTS: Muscle wet weight decreased significantly in the I group by 19% (p < or = .05), with a corresponding significant reduction in the total muscle fiber cross-sectional area of 26% (p < or = .05). No significant changes were observed in muscle wet weight and muscle fiber cross-sectional area in the S and IS groups. Interstitial fibrosis was observed in the I group and occasionally in the IS group. No significant changes in the total number of muscle fiber types I and II were found in all experimental groups. The capillary supply of the S and IS groups did not change significantly. However, capillary-to-fiber ratio was significantly reduced by 20% with a simultaneously nonsignificant increase in capillary density (capillaries/mm2) of 11% (p > .05) in the I group. Furthermore, muscle fiber regeneration was observed predominantly in the I group.CONCLUSIONS: In this experimental model, ES effectively prevented immobilization-induced muscle atrophy by minimizing reduction of muscle fiber cross-sectional area, interstitial fibrosis, and impaired blood supply.
|
['Animals', 'Electric Stimulation Therapy', 'Female', 'Immobilization', 'Muscle Fibers, Skeletal', 'Muscle, Skeletal', 'Muscular Atrophy', 'Organ Size', 'Prospective Studies', 'Rabbits', 'Random Allocation']
| 9,161,371
|
[['B01.050'], ['E02.331', 'E02.779.468', 'E02.831.535.468'], ['E05.472'], ['A10.690.552.500.500', 'A11.620.249'], ['A02.633.567', 'A10.690.552.500'], ['C10.597.613.612', 'C23.300.070.500', 'C23.888.592.608.612'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.660', 'E05.041.124.715', 'G07.100.100.660', 'G07.345.249.690'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.968.700'], ['E05.318.370.700', 'E05.581.500.805', 'N05.715.360.325.675', 'N06.850.520.445.700']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
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|
Coagulation screen is more specific than the anticardiolipin antibody ELISA in defining a thrombotic subset of lupus patients.
|
In 111 lupus patients we compared the potential of the IgG and IgM anticardiolipin antibody (ACA) enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and four different lupus anticoagulant (LAC) assays (partial thromboplastin time (PTT) of a 1:1 mixture of patient and control plasma with phospholipids from animal (PTT-st) or human brain (PTT-HB); PTT with dilutions of human brain phospholipids (PL dilution); and kaolin clotting time of mixtures of patient and control plasma (KCT] to identify patients with thrombosis (26/111), fetal loss (19/46), and/or thrombocytopenia (11/106). The highest specificity for thrombosis (87%) was found with PTT-HB and PL dilution (sensitivity 65%, detection rate 61%); for fetal loss (93%) with PL dilution (sensitivity 47%; detection rate 82%), and for thrombocytopenia (83%) with KCT (sensitivity 82%; detection rate 36%). Compared with LAC assays, the sensitivity of ACA-ELISA was high (greater than or equal to 77%), but specificity (less than or equal to 51%) and detection rate (less than or equal to 52%) were low. So, a panel of three LAC assays (PTT-HB, PL dilution, and KCT) can identify lupus patients apparently at risk for thrombosis, fetal loss, and/or thrombocytopenia, whereas the ACA-ELISA is insufficiently specific.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Autoantibodies', 'Blood Coagulation Factors', 'Cardiolipins', 'Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay', 'Female', 'Fetal Death', 'Humans', 'Lupus Coagulation Inhibitor', 'Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Partial Thromboplastin Time', 'Phospholipids', 'Pregnancy', 'Thrombocytopenia', 'Thrombosis']
| 3,133,992
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.323', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.323', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.323'], ['D12.776.124.125', 'D23.119'], ['D10.570.755.375.760.400.885.185', 'D23.050.550.480.330'], ['E05.478.566.350.170', 'E05.478.566.380.360', 'E05.478.583.400.170', 'E05.601.470.350.170', 'E05.601.470.380.360'], ['C13.703.223', 'C23.550.260.585'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.323.210.600', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.323.210.600', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.323.210.600', 'D23.113.475'], ['C17.300.480', 'C20.111.590'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.370.225.625.115.600', 'E05.200.625.115.600', 'G09.188.660'], ['D10.570.755'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['C15.378.140.855'], ['C14.907.355.830']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
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Functional assessment of coronary artery stenosis by doppler derived absolute and relative coronary blood flow velocity reserve in comparison with (99m)Tc MIBI SPECT.
|
OBJECTIVE: To determine the relation between the relative and absolute coronary blood flow velocity reserve (CFVR) compared with the results of (99m)Tc MIBI single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT).METHODS: In 37 patients with one vessel disease, (99m)Tc MIBI SPECT was performed before angioplasty, two to three weeks after angioplasty, and at six months' follow up. CFVR was measured distal to the stenosis (dCFVR) as well as in a reference coronary artery before angioplasty, immediately after angioplasty, and at late follow up. Relative CFVR (rCFVR) was calculated as the ratio between dCFVR and CFVR measured in the reference coronary artery. The optimal thresholds for reversible perfusion defects were calculated using receiver operating characteristic curves.RESULTS: The agreement for the full range of coronary artery stenosis (n = 107, mean (SD) diameter stenosis 48 (28)%, range 0-98%) between dCFVR (cut off value 1.9) and rCFVR (cut off value 0.65) with (99m)Tc MIBI SPECT was 81% and 85%, respectively. In intermediate lesions (n = 49, diameter stenosis range 30-75%) the agreement between dCFVR (cut off value 2.0) and (99m)Tc MIBI SPECT was 72%, which increased to 78% using the rCFVR (cut off value 0.65). There was a strong linear relation between dCFVR and rCFVR (r = 0.93, p < 0.0001).CONCLUSIONS: A best cut off value for dCFVR of 1.9 corresponds with a best cut off value of 0.65 for rCFVR, within the full range of coronary narrowings. Intracoronary blood flow velocity analysis could obviate the need for additional myocardial perfusion scintigraphy in the majority of patients.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary', 'Blood Flow Velocity', 'Coronary Angiography', 'Coronary Circulation', 'Coronary Disease', 'Echocardiography, Doppler', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Heart', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Regression Analysis', 'Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon']
| 10,490,570
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E02.148.050.060.100', 'E04.100.376.719.100', 'E04.100.814.529.124.060.100', 'E04.100.814.529.968.050', 'E04.502.382.124.060.100', 'E04.502.382.968.050', 'E04.928.220.520.100', 'E05.157.016.060.100'], ['E01.370.370.130', 'G09.330.380.630.080'], ['E01.370.350.130.625', 'E01.370.350.700.060.200', 'E01.370.370.050.200', 'E01.370.370.380.200'], ['G09.330.100.324'], ['C14.280.647.250', 'C14.907.585.250'], ['E01.370.350.130.750.220', 'E01.370.350.850.220.220', 'E01.370.350.850.850.220', 'E01.370.370.380.220.220'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['A07.541'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.740.750', 'N05.715.360.750.695', 'N06.850.520.830.750'], ['E01.370.350.350.800.800', 'E01.370.350.600.350.800.800', 'E01.370.350.710.800.800', 'E01.370.350.825.800.800', 'E01.370.384.730.800.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
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| 0
| 1
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Signaling survival: how axons rescue their glia.
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The trophic theory of cell survival hypothesizes that cell number is regulated by survival signals generated by other cells. Work published in this issue of Developmental Cell confirms that neurons can provide trophic support for glia in Drosophila, and fills in important molecular details of this interaction.
|
['Animals', 'Axons', 'Cell Survival', 'Drosophila', 'Drosophila Proteins', 'Epidermal Growth Factor', 'ErbB Receptors', 'Membrane Proteins', 'Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases', 'Models, Biological', 'Neuroglia', 'Signal Transduction', 'ras Proteins']
| 11,832,236
|
[['B01.050'], ['A08.675.542.145', 'A11.284.180.075', 'A11.671.137', 'A11.671.501.145'], ['G04.346'], ['B01.050.500.131.617.720.500.500.750.310.250'], ['D12.776.093.500.462'], ['D06.472.317.350', 'D12.644.276.382.500', 'D12.776.467.382.500', 'D23.529.382.500'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.400.009', 'D12.776.543.750.630.009', 'D12.776.543.750.750.400.074'], ['D12.776.543'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.567', 'D12.644.360.450', 'D12.776.476.450'], ['E05.599.395'], ['A08.637', 'A11.650'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['D08.811.277.040.330.300.400.500', 'D12.644.360.525.500', 'D12.776.157.325.515.500', 'D12.776.476.525.500']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
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|
The strongest prescription of all: a week in the woods.
|
As the sun sets behind the first campfire, children's faces are silhouetted in the darkness. In this moment and the days to follow at Camp Sunrise, it is impossible to tell who is living with HIV/AIDS and who is not. According to Jina Gonzalez, that is precisely the point of camps-like Ohio-based Camp Sunrise-that are devoted to serving children affected by HIV/AIDS.
|
['Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome', 'Camping', 'Child', 'HIV Infections', 'Humans', 'Self-Help Groups']
| 19,797,734
|
[['C01.221.250.875.040', 'C01.221.812.640.400.040', 'C01.778.640.400.040', 'C01.925.782.815.616.400.040', 'C01.925.813.400.040', 'C01.925.839.040', 'C20.673.480.040'], ['I03.450.642.159'], ['M01.060.406'], ['C01.221.250.875', 'C01.221.812.640.400', 'C01.778.640.400', 'C01.925.782.815.616.400', 'C01.925.813.400', 'C20.673.480'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N03.540.782']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Medicolegal evaluation of a maternal filicide attempt: a case report.
|
Foto-?zdemir D, Balseven-Odaba?? A, Tek?am ?, Karada? F, Ak?an F, Y?lmaz E. Medicolegal evaluation of a maternal filicide attempt: a case report. Turk J Pediatr 2019; 61: 622-628. Filicide mainly refers to the murder of a child by his/her parents. Even though filicide is a rare event, outcome of filicide is more severe compared to other types of murders. In this report, we aim to discuss the factors in which the case of a woman who attempted to kill her 2.5-year-old daughter along with the demographical characteristics. Twenty-nine-year-old mother attempted to kill her daughter by hanging. Even though the victim did not die as the mother, regretted her action the triggers and the plot of the case discussed within the filicide framework. Therefore, the presented case report would contribute to the understanding of the nature of the filicide, and it might bring a different perspective, because of the different development process of filicide, sharing the disorder and interwoven motivations between the child and mother. In this respect, we aim to draw attention of pediatricians, child psychiatrists and forensic pathologists about the importance of filicide.
|
['Adult', 'Child Abuse', 'Child, Preschool', 'Female', 'Forensic Medicine', 'Homicide', 'Humans', 'Mother-Child Relations', 'Mothers']
| 31,990,486
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['I01.198.240.856.350.250', 'I01.880.735.900.350.250'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['H02.403.330', 'I01.198.780.937'], ['I01.198.240.470', 'I01.880.735.344'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.829.263.370.290.170'], ['F01.829.263.500.320.200', 'I01.880.853.150.500.340.270', 'M01.620.630']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
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| 0
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[Stress and fracture healing].
|
Stress is an important factor in fracture healing, but it is not the only one. The exact amount of stress, displacement or strain needed or tolerated in fracture healing is not yet clear. There are numerous modifying factors influencing fracture healing like fracture type, soft tissue injury, vitality of fragments, type of osteosynthesis, soft tissue handling, localization of injury, activity level and weight of the patient, local geometry and muscular topography. However, despite our large deficits in knowledge of the process of fracture healing, typical patterns of failure or disturbed healing can be recognized. This could help bringing stress and fracture healing in balance and includes an analysis of pathological stress and our efforts to neutralize, canalize or use it to our advantage.
|
['Bony Callus', 'External Fixators', 'Fracture Healing', 'Fractures, Bone', 'Humans', 'Joint Prosthesis', 'Orthopedic Fixation Devices', 'Prosthesis Failure', 'Pseudarthrosis', 'Radiography', 'Stress, Mechanical', 'Tensile Strength']
| 7,478,504
|
[['A10.165.265.200'], ['E07.858.442.660.430', 'E07.858.690.725.430'], ['G16.762.891.500'], ['C26.404'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E07.695.400'], ['E07.858.442.660', 'E07.858.690.725'], ['C23.550.767.865', 'E05.325.771'], ['C26.404.468.627'], ['E01.370.350.700'], ['G01.374.835'], ['G01.374.850']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Pharmacology and autoradiography of human DP prostanoid receptors using [(3)H]-BWA868C, a DP receptor-selective antagonist radioligand.
|
1. A potent and highly selective DP prostanoid receptor antagonist radioligand, [(3)H]-cyclohexyl-N-BWA868C (3-benzyl-5-(6-carboxyhexyl)-1-(2-cyclohexyl-2-hydroxyethyl-amino) hydantoin, ([(3)H]-BWA868C)), has been generated for receptor binding and autoradiographic studies. 2. Specific [(3)H]-BWA868C binding to human platelet membranes achieved equilibrium within 60 min at 23 degrees C and constituted up to 95% of the total binding. The association (K(+1)) and dissociation (K(-1)) rate constants of binding were 0.758+/-0.064 min(-1), mmol and 0.0042+/-0.0002 min(-1), respectively, yielding dissociation constants (K(D)s) of 5.66+/-0. 44 nM (n=4). 3. Specific [(3)H]-BWA868C bound to DP receptors with a high affinity (K(D)=1.45+/-0.01 nM, n=3) and to a finite, saturable number of binding sites (B(max)=21.1+/-0.6 nmol g(-1) wet weight). 4. DP receptor class prostanoids (e.g. ZK118182, BW245C, BWA868C, PGD(2)) exhibited high (nanomolar) affinities for [(3)H]-BWA868C binding, while prostanoids selective for EP, FP, IP and TP receptors showed a low (micromolar) affinity. 5. Specific DP receptor binding sites were autoradiographically localized on the ciliary epithelium/process, longitudinal and circular ciliary muscles, retinal choroid and iris in human eye sections using [(3)H]-BWA868C. While [(3)H]-PGD(2) yielded similar quantitative distribution of DP receptors as [(3)H]-BWA868C, the level of non-specific binding observed with [(3)H]-PGD(2) was significantly greater than that observed with [(3)H]-BWA868C. 6. It is concluded that [(3)H]-BWA868C is a high-affinity and very specific DP receptor radioligand capable of selectively labelling the DP receptor. [(3)H]-BWA868C may prove useful for future homogenate-based and autoradiographic studies on the DP receptor.
|
['Autoradiography', 'Blood Platelets', 'Cell Membrane', 'Eye', 'Humans', 'Hydantoins', 'Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors', 'Prostaglandin D2', 'Receptors, Immunologic', 'Receptors, Prostaglandin']
| 11,082,108
|
[['E01.370.225.750.132', 'E05.200.750.132', 'E05.799.256'], ['A11.118.188', 'A15.145.229.188'], ['A11.284.149'], ['A01.456.505.420', 'A09.371'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D03.383.129.308.432.555'], ['D27.505.954.502.780'], ['D10.251.355.255.550.200.200', 'D23.469.050.175.725.200.200'], ['D12.776.543.750.705'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.200.700']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
A three-year study of brain atrophy after autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in rapidly evolving secondary progressive multiple sclerosis.
|
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: In multiple sclerosis (MS), autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT) induces a profound suppression of clinical activity and MR imaging-detectable inflammation, but it may be associated with a rapid brain volume loss in the months subsequent to treatment. The aim of this study was to assess how AHSCT affects medium-term evolution of brain atrophy in MS.MATERIALS AND METHODS: MR imaging scans of the brain from 14 patients with rapidly evolving secondary-progressive MS obtained 3 months before and every year after AHSCT for 3 years were analyzed. Baseline normalized brain volumes and longitudinal percentage of brain volume changes (PBVCs) were assessed using the Structural Image Evaluation of Normalized Atrophy software.RESULTS: The median decrease of brain volume was 1.92% over the first year after AHSCT and then declined to 1.35% at the second year and to 0.69% at the third year. The number of enhancing lesions seen on the pretreatment scans was significantly correlated with the PBVCs between baseline and month 12 (r = -0.62; P = .02); no correlation was found with the PBVCs measured over the second and third years.CONCLUSIONS: After AHSCT, the rate of brain tissue loss in patients with MS declines dramatically after the first 2 years. The initial rapid development of brain atrophy may be a late consequence of the pretransplant disease activity and/or a transient result of the intense immunoablative conditioning procedure.
|
['Adult', 'Atrophy', 'Brain Diseases', 'Female', 'Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation', 'Humans', 'Longitudinal Studies', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Multiple Sclerosis, Chronic Progressive', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 17,885,242
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['C23.300.070'], ['C10.228.140'], ['E02.095.147.500.500.500', 'E04.936.225.687.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.500'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C10.114.375.500.200', 'C10.314.350.500.200', 'C20.111.258.250.500.200'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Protective antioxidant effects of carvedilol in a rat model of ischaemia-reperfusion injury.
|
This study investigated the protective effects of carvedilol, a potent antioxidant, in a rat model of tourniquet-induced ischaemia-reperfusion injury of the hind limb. Thirty rats were divided equally into three groups: the control group (group 1) was only anaesthetized, without creating an ischaemia-reperfusion injury; group 2 was submitted to ischaemia (4 h), followed by a 2-h reperfusion period; and group 3 was pre-treated with carvedilol (2 mg/kg per day) for 10 days prior to ischaemia-reperfusion. Ischaemia-reperfusion produced a significant decrease in superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities in the liver, lungs, muscle and serum compared with control treatment, and pre-treatment with carvedilol prevented these changes. Ischaemia-reperfusion caused a significant increase in malondialdehyde and nitric oxide (NO) levels in liver, lungs, muscle (except NO) and serum compared with control treatment, and carvedilol prevented these changes. In conclusion, it might be inferred that carvedilol could be used safely to prevent oxidative injury during reperfusion following ischaemia in humans.
|
['Animals', 'Antioxidants', 'Carbazoles', 'Carvedilol', 'Hindlimb', 'Humans', 'Lipid Peroxidation', 'Male', 'Muscle, Skeletal', 'Nitric Oxide', 'Propanolamines', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Reperfusion Injury', 'Tourniquets', 'Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color', 'Vasodilator Agents']
| 16,222,886
|
[['B01.050'], ['D27.505.519.217', 'D27.505.696.706.125', 'D27.720.799.047'], ['D03.633.100.473.144', 'D03.633.300.148'], ['D02.033.100.624.151', 'D02.033.755.624.151', 'D02.092.063.624.151', 'D03.633.100.473.144.125', 'D03.633.300.148.125'], ['A13.473'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G02.111.515', 'G03.295.531.587'], ['A02.633.567', 'A10.690.552.500'], ['D01.339.387', 'D01.625.550.500', 'D01.625.700.500', 'D01.650.550.587.600'], ['D02.033.100.624', 'D02.033.755.624', 'D02.092.063.624'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['C14.907.725', 'C23.550.767.877'], ['E07.926'], ['E01.370.350.850.850.850.850'], ['D27.505.954.411.918']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The CD40-autophagy pathway is needed for host protection despite IFN-Ã-dependent immunity and CD40 induces autophagy via control of P21 levels.
|
Autophagy degrades pathogens in vitro. The autophagy gene Atg5 has been reported to be required for IFN-ã-dependent host protection in vivo. However, these protective effects occur independently of autophagosome formation. Thus, the in vivo role of classic autophagy in protection conferred by adaptive immunity and how adaptive immunity triggers autophagy are incompletely understood. Employing biochemical, genetic and morphological studies, we found that CD40 upregulates the autophagy molecule Beclin 1 in microglia and triggers killing of Toxoplasma gondii dependent on the autophagy machinery. Infected CD40(-/-) mice failed to upregulate Beclin 1 in microglia/macrophages in vivo. Autophagy-deficient Beclin 1(+/-) mice, mice with deficiency of the autophagy protein Atg7 targeted to microglia/macrophages as well as CD40(-/-) mice exhibited impaired killing of T. gondii and were susceptible to cerebral and ocular toxoplasmosis. Susceptibility to toxoplasmosis occurred despite upregulation of IFN-ã, TNF-á and NOS2, preservation of IFN-ã-induced microglia/macrophage anti-T. gondii activity and the generation of anti-T. gondii T cell immunity. CD40 upregulated Beclin 1 and triggered killing of T. gondii by decreasing protein levels of p21, a molecule that degrades Beclin 1. These studies identified CD40-p21-Beclin 1 as a pathway by which adaptive immunity stimulates autophagy. In addition, they support that autophagy is a mechanism through which CD40-dependent immunity mediates in vivo protection and that the CD40-autophagic machinery is needed for host resistance despite IFN-ã.
|
['Animals', 'Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins', 'Autophagy', 'Beclin-1', 'CD40 Antigens', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Genetic Predisposition to Disease', 'Immune System', 'Interferon-gamma', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II', 'Phagosomes', 'Toxoplasma', 'Toxoplasmosis', 'Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha', 'p21-Activated Kinases']
| 21,217,818
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.644.360.075', 'D12.776.476.075'], ['G04.011'], ['D12.644.360.075.335', 'D12.776.094.500', 'D12.776.476.075.335'], ['D12.776.465.750', 'D12.776.543.750.705.852.760.097', 'D23.050.301.264.051.140', 'D23.101.100.150.140'], ['G05.308'], ['C23.550.291.687.500', 'G05.380.355'], ['A15.382'], ['D12.644.276.374.440.893', 'D12.644.276.374.480.615.350', 'D12.776.467.374.440.893', 'D12.776.467.374.480.615.350', 'D23.529.374.440.893', 'D23.529.374.480.615.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['D08.811.682.664.500.772.500', 'D12.776.157.687.575', 'D12.776.660.720.575'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.190.700'], ['B01.043.075.189.250.750.800'], ['C01.610.752.250.800'], ['D12.644.276.374.500.800', 'D12.644.276.374.750.626', 'D12.776.124.900', 'D12.776.395.930', 'D12.776.467.374.500.800', 'D12.776.467.374.750.626', 'D23.529.374.500.800', 'D23.529.374.750.626'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.596', 'D12.644.360.552', 'D12.776.476.548']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Staying Together: A Bidirectional Delay-Coupled Approach to Joint Action.
|
To understand how individuals adapt to and anticipate each other in joint tasks, we employ a bidirectional delay-coupled dynamical system that allows for mutual adaptation and anticipation. In delay-coupled systems, anticipation is achieved when one system compares its own time-delayed behavior, which implicitly includes past information about the other system's behavior, with the other system's instantaneous behavior. Applied to joint music performance, the model allows each system to adapt its behavior to the dynamics of the other. Model predictions of asynchrony between two simultaneously produced musical voices were compared with duet pianists' behavior; each partner performed one voice while auditory feedback perturbations occurred at unpredictable times during live performance. As the model predicted, when auditory feedback from one musical voice was removed, the asynchrony changed: The pianist's voice that was removed anticipated (preceded) the actions of their partner. When the auditory feedback returned and both musicians could hear each other, they rapidly returned to baseline levels of asynchrony. To understand how the pianists anticipated each other, their performances were fitted by the model to examine change in model parameters (coupling strength, time-delay). When auditory feedback for one or both voices was removed, the fits showed the expected decrease in coupling strength and time-delay between the systems. When feedback about the voice(s) returned, the coupling strength and time-delay returned to baseline. These findings support the idea that when people perform actions together, they do so as a coupled bidirectional anticipatory system.
|
['Anticipation, Psychological', 'Cooperative Behavior', 'Feedback, Sensory', 'Humans', 'Music', 'Psychomotor Performance', 'Time Factors']
| 31,446,664
|
[['F02.463.093'], ['F01.145.813.115'], ['F04.754.137.301.500', 'F04.754.308.500.500', 'F04.754.339', 'G07.410.732.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['K01.602'], ['F02.808', 'G11.427.700', 'G11.561.660'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Humanities [K]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Necrotic inflammatory reaction induced by muramyl dipeptide in guinea pigs sensitized by tubercle bacilli.
|
In the course of studies aimed at determining whether MDP was antigenic or not, a hitherto unreported phenomenon was noticed. Injection (a provocative injection) of muramyl dipeptide (MDP) caused severe inflammation, with hemorrhage and necrosis in the footpads of guinea pigs, where tubercle bacilli in water-oil emulsion (a preparatory injection) had been injected 3-8 wk earlier. Sometimes the reaction was accompanied by generalized and fatal shock. Several related substances were tested, and only a combination of tubercle bacilli, or MDP plus proteins as the preparatory injection, and MDP as the provocative injection was found to induce this inflammatory necrotic reaction. Development of delayed hypersensitivity to protein antigens may be important for priming, but MDP and not the protein antigens provoked the reaction. This reaction was, so far, only observed in guinea pigs. Although this reaction appears to be similar to the Shwartzman reaction, the two reactions were found to differ from each other in several important points.
|
['Acetylmuramyl-Alanyl-Isoglutamine', 'Adjuvants, Immunologic', 'Animals', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic', 'Female', 'Guinea Pigs', 'Hypersensitivity, Delayed', 'Inflammation', 'Mycobacterium tuberculosis', 'Necrosis', 'Shwartzman Phenomenon', 'Time Factors']
| 3,926,935
|
[['D09.067.550.050', 'D09.811.522.050', 'D12.644.233.050'], ['D27.505.696.477.067'], ['B01.050'], ['G12.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.550'], ['C20.543.418'], ['C23.550.470'], ['B03.510.024.962.500.702', 'B03.510.460.400.410.552.552.702'], ['C23.550.717'], ['C14.907.454.810', 'C14.907.940.890', 'C15.378.463.515.810'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
TS-Chemscore, a Target-Specific Scoring Function, Significantly Improves the Performance of Scoring in Virtual Screening.
|
Most of the scoring functions currently used in structure-based drug design belong to 'universal' scoring functions, which often give a poor correlation between the calculated scores and experimental binding affinities. In this investigation, we proposed a simple strategy to construct target-specific scoring functions based on known 'universal' scoring functions. This strategy was applied to Chemscore, a widely used empirical scoring function, which led to a new scoring function, termed TS-Chemscore. TS-Chemscore was validated on 14 protein targets, which cover a wide range of biological target categories. The results showed that TS-Chemscore significantly improved the correlation between the calculated scores and experimental binding affinities compared with the original Chemscore. TS-Chemscore was then applied in virtual screening to retrieve novel JAK3 and YopH inhibitors. Top 30 compounds for each target were selected for experimental validation. Six active compounds for JAK3 and four for YopH were obtained. These compounds were out of the lists of top 30 compounds sorted by Chemscore. Collectively, TS-Chemscore established in this study showed a better performance in virtual screening than its counterpart Chemscore.
|
['Drug Design', 'Drug Evaluation, Preclinical', 'Humans', 'Janus Kinase 3', 'Protein Kinase Inhibitors', 'Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases']
| 25,358,259
|
[['E05.290.500', 'H01.158.703.007.338.500', 'H01.181.466.338.500'], ['E05.290.750', 'E05.337.550'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.124.300', 'D12.776.476.393.300'], ['D27.505.519.389.755'], ['D08.811.277.352.650.775']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Structure and expression of a calcium-binding protein gene contained within a calmodulin-regulated protein kinase gene.
|
We have determined the first genomic structure and characterized the mRNA and protein products of a novel vertebrate gene that encodes a calcium-binding protein with amino acid sequence identity to a protein kinase domain. The elucidation of the complete DNA sequence of this transcription unit and adjacent genomic DNA, Southern blot and polymerase chain reaction analyses of cellular genomic DNA, and examination of mRNA and protein species revealed that the calcium-binding kinase-related protein (KRP)-encoding gene is contained within the gene for a calmodulin-regulated protein kinase, myosin light-chain kinase (MLCK). The KRP gene transcription unit is composed of three exons and a 5'-flanking sequence containing a canonical TATA box motif. The TATA box, the transcription initiation site, and the first 109 nucleotides of the 5' noncoding region of the KRP mRNA correspond to an MLCK gene intron sequence. Both KRP and MLCK are produced in the same adult chicken tissue in relatively high abundance from a single contiguous stretch of genomic DNA and utilize the same reading frame and common exons to produce distinct mRNAs (2.7 and 5.5 kb, respectively) that encode proteins with dissimilar biochemical functions. There appears to be no precedent in vertebrate molecular biology for such a relationship. This may represent a mechanism whereby functional diversity can be achieved within the same vertebrate tissue by use of common exons to produce shuffled domains with identical amino acid sequences in different molecular contexts.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Animals', 'Base Sequence', 'Calcium-Binding Proteins', 'Calmodulin', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Chick Embryo', 'Chickens', 'Cloning, Molecular', 'DNA', 'Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel', 'Exons', 'Genes', 'Genome', 'Gizzard, Avian', 'Immunoblotting', 'Introns', 'Kinesin', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Molecular Weight', 'Muscle Proteins', 'Muscle, Smooth', 'Myosin-Light-Chain Kinase', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'RNA', 'RNA, Messenger', 'TATA Box']
| 1,373,815
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['B01.050'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['D12.776.157.125'], ['D12.644.360.372.249', 'D12.776.157.125.412.249', 'D12.776.476.387.249'], ['A11.251'], ['A13.350.150', 'A16.331.200'], ['B01.050.150.900.248.350.150', 'B01.050.150.900.248.690.192'], ['E05.393.220'], ['D13.444.308'], ['E05.196.401.402', 'E05.301.300.319'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.137.232'], ['G05.360.340.024.340'], ['G05.360.340'], ['A13.853.355'], ['E05.478.566.320', 'E05.601.470.320'], ['G05.360.340.024.220.400', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.515'], ['D08.811.277.040.025.193.500', 'D12.776.220.600.450.450', 'D12.776.631.560.450'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G02.494'], ['D12.776.210.500'], ['A02.633.570', 'A10.690.467'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.125.500', 'D12.644.360.100.500', 'D12.776.476.100.500'], ['E05.393.620.500'], ['D13.444.735'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['G02.111.570.080.689.675.850', 'G05.360.080.689.675.850', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.750.680.850']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection of endothelial cells in vitro.
|
In order to establish whether endothelial cells are involved in immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection, we performed a virological study on endothelial cells isolated from human adipose tissue and infected with HIV-1 in vitro. Supernatants from cultures showed a reverse transcriptase activity starting one day after HIV inoculation. Viral rescue was significantly impaired in cycloheximide treated cells confirming a de novo synthesis of viral products.
|
['Adipose Tissue', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Cycloheximide', 'Endothelium', 'Gene Products, gag', 'HIV Antigens', 'HIV Core Protein p24', 'HIV-1', 'Humans', 'RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase', 'Viral Core Proteins', 'Virus Replication']
| 1,713,288
|
[['A10.165.114'], ['A11.251'], ['D03.383.621.808.240'], ['A10.272.491'], ['D12.776.775.330', 'D12.776.964.775.350', 'D12.776.964.970.600.850.350'], ['D23.050.327.520'], ['D12.776.964.775.350.362.500', 'D12.776.964.775.562.750.500', 'D12.776.964.970.600.850.350.362.500', 'D23.050.327.520.300'], ['B04.820.650.589.650.350.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D08.811.913.696.445.308.300.750', 'D12.776.964.775.375.750', 'D12.776.964.900.750.500.750', 'D12.776.964.970.600.850.375.750'], ['D12.776.964.970.600.850'], ['G06.920.925']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Two siblings with autoimmune neutropenia of infancy.
|
We report two siblings with autoimmune neutropenia of infancy. Patient 1 was hospitalized for viral gastroenteritis at 5 months of age, when his absolute neutrophil count was 684/mm3. Absolute neutrophil counts ranging from 0 to 930/mm3 continued but normalized spontaneously at 25 months of age. Patient 2, a younger brother of patient 1, had prolonged high grade fever at 5 months, when his absolute neutrophil count was 138/mm3. Absolute neutrophil counts ranging from 96 to 1,078/mm3 continued for the following 9 months. Antineutrophil antibodies were detected in the patients' sera. Our cases are siblings and each case was independently affected, since the diagnoses were made at 5 months of age and the interval between the diagnoses was 23 months. Autoimmune neutropenia of infancy is comparatively rare, so that we think that the disease in these siblings was due to a genetic abnormality.
|
['Autoantibodies', 'Autoimmune Diseases', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Male', 'Neutropenia', 'Neutrophils']
| 1,801,552
|
[['D12.776.124.486.485.114.323', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.323', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.323'], ['C20.111'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['C15.378.553.546.184.564'], ['A11.118.637.415.583', 'A11.627.340.583', 'A11.733.689', 'A15.145.229.637.415.583', 'A15.382.490.315.583', 'A15.382.680.689']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
SDS-PAGE analysis of caput epididymis proteins in rats receiving a zinc deficient diet.
|
Caput epididymis proteins from control, pairfed and zinc deficient (ZD) wistar weanling albino rats after 2-, 4-, 6- and 8-weeks were examined using SDS-PAGE followed by densitometric scanning of the gels. In comparison to the control and pairfed rats, ZD rats displayed new proteins. These included a Mr 42 kDa from 2ZD, Mr 47.5, 27.5, 23.2 and 16.0 kDa from 4ZD and Mr 87 and 14.2 kDa from 6ZD group. The 8ZD group, however, revealed no additional protein bands over controls. Further, several other proteins were missing from ZD rats. These included Mr 93 and 71 kDa from 2ZD; 93, 90, 79, 67, 62, 55 and 15.3 kDa from 4ZD; 60, 45.5, 34, 30 and 24 kDa from 6ZD and 41.5, 33 and 27.5 kDa bands from 8ZD group. The results indicate that the induced Zn-deficient state may be responsible for the altered protein patterns in the caput epididymis. The duration of low Zn uptake period also appears to influence the protein pattern in caput epididymis.
|
['Animals', 'Diet', 'Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel', 'Epididymis', 'Male', 'Molecular Weight', 'Proteins', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Zinc']
| 11,395,953
|
[['B01.050'], ['G07.203.650.240'], ['E05.196.401.402', 'E05.301.300.319'], ['A05.360.444.371'], ['G02.494'], ['D12.776'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900'], ['D01.268.556.940', 'D01.268.956.906', 'D01.552.544.940']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The intravenous furosemide test: a simple way to evaluate renin responsiveness.
|
To identify patients with low-renin hypertension, we measured plasma renin activity after the administration of 40 mg of furosemide intravenously and 30 minutes of upright posture in 127 normotensive subjects and 363 patients with essential hypertension. Plasma renin activity 30 minutes after intravenous furosemide was found to be closely correlated to the level found after either 2 or 4 h of standing or 3 days of a low-salt diet plus 2 h of upright posture. Renin responsiveness was significantly lower in hypertensive patients, blacks, and women, compared with normotensive subjects, whites, and men respectively. The level of plasma renin activity in most normal white subjects was greater than 1.0 ng/ml - h and in most normal blacks was greater than 0.5 ng/ml - h. It was below those levels in 23% of white hypertensive and 25.2% of black hypertensive patients respectively. The mean level of plasma renin activity fell with increasing age of hypertensive patients. This procedure is recommended as a safe, easy, and reliable test for assessing renin responsiveness and identifying the low-renin state.
|
['Adult', 'Diet, Sodium-Restricted', 'Female', 'Furosemide', 'Humans', 'Hypertension', 'Injections, Intravenous', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Posture', 'Renin', 'Sodium']
| 937,875
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E02.642.249.290', 'G07.203.650.240.290'], ['D02.065.884.725.300', 'D02.092.146.807.300', 'D02.886.590.700.725.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C14.907.489'], ['E02.319.267.082.750', 'E02.319.267.530.540'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G11.427.695'], ['D08.811.277.656.074.500.780', 'D08.811.277.656.300.048.780', 'D08.811.277.656.837.750'], ['D01.268.549.750', 'D01.268.557.650', 'D01.552.528.850', 'D01.552.547.725']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Total synthesis of ageladine A, an angiogenesis inhibitor from the marine sponge Agelas nakamurai.
|
[reaction: see text] A 12-step total synthesis of the tricyclic heteroaromatic marine metabolite ageladine A has been achieved using a 6pi-azaelectrocyclization and a Suzuki-Miyaura coupling of N-Boc-pyrrole-2-boronic acid with a chloropyridine as key steps.
|
['Agelas', 'Angiogenesis Inhibitors', 'Animals', 'Catalysis', 'Hydrocarbons, Brominated', 'Marine Biology', 'Molecular Structure', 'Pyrroles']
| 16,562,912
|
[['B01.050.500.802.039'], ['D27.505.696.377.077.099', 'D27.505.696.377.450.100', 'D27.505.954.248.025'], ['B01.050'], ['G02.130'], ['D02.455.526.368'], ['H01.158.273.248.750.500', 'H01.277.249.750.500', 'H01.277.750.500'], ['G02.111.570', 'G02.466'], ['D03.383.129.578']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Client perspectives on an Aboriginal community led oral health service in rural Australia.
|
OBJECTIVE: An oral health service was implemented, using a unique community development approach, for Northern NSW Australian Aboriginal communities in 2013-14. This study examined the views of children (and parents) who accessed the service, including: the extent of reported dental problems, oral health knowledge, attitudes and behaviour, accessibility of oral health services, satisfaction and cultural sensitivity of the service.METHODS: A survey of the children who accessed this service was conducted between October 2014 and December 2014.RESULTS: A total of 49 (71%) Aboriginal children aged 4-14 (or parents of), provided responses to the survey. All agreed that healthy teeth were important (100%), but many thought oral disease leading to extraction was normal (68%). High levels of oral pain were reported (66%), half (53%) reported brushing morning and night. Access to the new dental health service was reported as 'easy' (92%). Many walked (47%) or were driven (35%) in <30 min (90%). All respondents were happy with their dental treatment, and that their Aboriginal heritage was respected by the oral health team (100%).CONCLUSION: The implementation of a new community led oral health service to Northern NSW Aboriginal communities was shown here to be well-utilised, respected and in an area of high need. The collaborative approach could be continued to be utilised to implement targeted, community led health promotion programs to facilitate and encourage better oral health practices for the Aboriginal children in these communities.
|
['Adolescent', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Cultural Characteristics', 'Dental Care for Children', 'Dental Health Services', 'Female', 'Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice', 'Health Services Accessibility', 'Health Services, Indigenous', 'Health Status Indicators', 'Humans', 'Male', 'New South Wales', 'Oceanic Ancestry Group', 'Oral Health', 'Patient Satisfaction', 'Rural Population', 'Surveys and Questionnaires']
| 27,377,919
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['I01.076.201.450.324', 'I01.880.853.100.329'], ['E06.170.152', 'N02.421.240.190.215'], ['N02.421.240'], ['F01.100.150.500', 'N05.300.150.410'], ['N04.590.374.350', 'N05.300.430'], ['N02.421.330'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.639.100.750', 'Z01.678.100.373.750'], ['M01.686.508.600'], ['N01.400.535'], ['F01.100.150.750.625', 'F01.145.488.887.625', 'N04.452.822.700', 'N05.300.150.800.625', 'N05.715.360.600'], ['N01.600.725'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Combinatorial coating of adhesive polypeptide and anti-CD34 antibody for improved endothelial cell adhesion and proliferation.
|
Improved attachment, adhesion and proliferation of the surrounding mature endothelial cells (ECs) and circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) is of primary importance to realize the in situ rapid re-endothelialization of cardiovascular stents. To achieve this, a combinatorial coating of synthesized mussel adhesive polypeptide mimics as well as anti-CD34 antibody was constructed onto the devices through a novel adsorption method in this study. To immobilize the polypeptide and target antibody effectively, polycaprolactone (PCL) was first spin-coated onto the substrate as intermediate. The immobilization of polypeptide and antibody was confirmed by the changes of water contact angles and the attachment, growth of ECs and EPCs on the substrates, respectively. The results showed that after adhesive polypeptide or/and antibody immobilization, the hydrophilicity of coated PCL substrate (PCLS) was obviously improved. The amount of the immobilized antibody, determined by enzymelinked immunoassay (ELISA) method, was enhanced with the increase of antibody concentrations in the range from 5 to 25 mug/ml. The coatings after BSA blocking prevented the unspecific protein adsorption as monitored by fluorescent microscopy. The results of in vitro cell culture showed that compared with the PCLS, polypeptide/anti-CD34 antibody coating could effectively enhance the attachment, growth and adhesion of ECs and EPCs, in particular EPCs. A platelet adhesion experiment revealed that the blood compatibility of the PCLS after polypeptide/anti-CD34 antibody coating was also obviously improved. The results showed that the surface modification with adhesive polypeptide and anti-CD34 antibody will be a promising coating technique for the surface modification of the intravascular prostheses for rapid re-endothelialization.
|
['Adhesiveness', 'Antibodies, Monoclonal', 'Antigens, CD34', 'Cell Adhesion', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Coated Materials, Biocompatible', 'Combinatorial Chemistry Techniques', 'Endothelial Cells', 'Humans', 'Materials Testing', 'Peptides', 'Protein Binding']
| 19,247,584
|
[['G02.860.139'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224'], ['D23.050.301.264.035.134', 'D23.101.100.110.134'], ['G04.022'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['A11.251'], ['D25.130.420', 'J01.637.051.130.420'], ['E05.197.312', 'J01.897.836.249.249'], ['A11.436.275'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.570'], ['D12.644'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Impact of HLA-DRB1 allele polymorphisms on control of HIV infection in a Peruvian MSM cohort.
|
Associations between HLA class II polymorphisms and HIV control were assessed in a Peruvian MSM cohort. Among 233 treatment na?ve HIV+ individuals, DRB1*13:02 was linked to elevated viral loads (P = .044) while DRB1*12:01 showed significantly lower viral set points (P = .015) and restricted a dominant T cell response to HIV Gag p24 (P = .038). The present work contributes to a better knowledge of the Peruvian immunogenetics and supports the important role of HLA class II restricted T cells in HIV control.
|
['Adult', 'Alleles', 'CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes', 'Cohort Studies', 'Female', 'Gene Expression', 'Gene Frequency', 'HIV Infections', 'HIV-1', 'HLA-DRB1 Chains', 'Homosexuality, Male', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Peru', 'Polymorphism, Genetic', 'Viral Load']
| 28,677,168
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.030'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.569.200', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.200', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.200'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['G05.297'], ['G05.330'], ['C01.221.250.875', 'C01.221.812.640.400', 'C01.778.640.400', 'C01.925.782.815.616.400', 'C01.925.813.400', 'C20.673.480'], ['B04.820.650.589.650.350.400'], ['D12.776.395.550.509.400.440.200.010', 'D12.776.543.550.440.400.440.200.010', 'D23.050.301.500.400.400.440.200.010', 'D23.050.301.500.450.400.440.333.500', 'D23.050.705.552.410.400.440.200.010', 'D23.050.705.552.450.400.440.333.500'], ['F01.145.802.975.500.600', 'G08.686.867.500.600'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.107.757.702'], ['G05.365.795'], ['E01.370.225.875.950', 'E05.200.875.950', 'G06.920.850']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Complications with the four-loop lens of Binkhorst (the iris-clip lens).
|
The iris-clip (four-loop) lens of Binkhorst has been and continues to be the best intraocular lens on the market. It is recommended for primary or secondary implantation in an eye with a suitable iris sphincter and anterior chamber. Complications may occur, but these can be minimized by appropriate treatment and, particularly, by case selection.
|
['Humans', 'Intraoperative Complications', 'Lenses, Intraocular', 'Postoperative Complications']
| 537,771
|
[]
|
[]
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
DNA nicking--closing activity from salmon testis.
|
Salmon testis is a good source of DNA nicking--closing (N--C) enzyme, as expected for rapidly proliferating cells. Partial purification was obtained but it resulted in an unstable form of N--C enzyme. Cruder fractions are useful for relaxing supercoiled DNA under conditions where other N--C enzymes are inactive. The enzyme is very tolerant of salt concentration, with activity still detectable at 0.6 M NaCl. It is also active at low temperatures with reasonable activity at 0 degrees C. However, at temperatures greater than 25 degrees C it is rapidly inactivated. Otherwise, its properties are similar to other eucaryotic N--C enzymes.
|
['Animals', 'DNA Topoisomerases, Type I', 'Male', 'Salmon', 'Testis']
| 204,402
|
[['B01.050'], ['D08.811.399.403.483', 'D12.776.157.687.375', 'D12.776.660.720.375'], ['B01.050.150.900.493.817.750.705'], ['A05.360.444.849', 'A05.360.576.782', 'A06.300.312.782']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Trochanteric pressure in spinal cord injury.
|
Pressure-induced tissue breakdown is a frequent and life-threatening complication for individuals with spinal cord injury. These patients are frequently positioned on their sides to relieve back and sacral pressure while they are in bed. This position causes high trochanteric pressure with the potential for the development of pressure ulcers. In addition, the individual with a spinal cord injury has accompanying absent or diminished sensation, and therefore is not aware of the pressure overload. In this study the positions that will reduce the possibility that trochanteric ulcers will develop are identified. The Pressure Evaluation Pad (PEP), a pneumatic pressure monitoring system, has been used to study the effect of different leg positions on trochanteric pressure. The pressure under the right trochanter was monitored as the contralateral leg was positioned in various degrees of hip and knee flexion or extension. The procedure was repeated for the left trochanter. A study of 50 subjects demonstrated that a position of 30 degrees hip flexion and 35 degrees knee flexion (with lower leg behind midpoint of the body) produced lower contralateral trochanteric pressure than the traditional position of hip and knee flexion across the body. Additionally, thinner patients were found to have higher trochanteric pressure than average weight or obese subjects. Standardizing a method for the positioning of patients on their side can be a significant deterrent to the tissue erosion that greatly interferes with the rehabilitation process.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Female', 'Femur', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Monitoring, Physiologic', 'Pressure', 'Pressure Ulcer', 'Spinal Cord Injuries']
| 7,138,267
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['A02.835.232.043.150'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.370.520'], ['G01.374.715'], ['C17.800.893.665'], ['C10.228.854.763', 'C10.900.850', 'C26.819']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
DNA repair gene ERCC2 polymorphisms and associations with breast and ovarian cancer risk.
|
Breast and ovarian cancers increased in the last decades. Except rare cases with a genetic predisposition and high penetrance, these pathologies are viewed as a polygenic disease. In this concept, association studies look for genetic variations such as polymorphisms in low penetrance genes, i.e. genes in interaction with environmental factors. DNA repair systems that protect the genome from deleterious endogenous and exogenous damages have been shown to have significantly reduced. In particular, enzymes of the nucleotide excision repair pathway are suspected to be implicated in cancer. In this study, 2 functional polymorphisms in a DNA repair gene ERCC2 were analyzed. The population included 911 breast cancer cases, 51 ovarian cancer cases and 1000 controls. The genotyping of 2 SNP (Single Nucleotide Polymorphism) was carried out on the population with the MGB (Minor Groove Binder) probe technique which consists of the use of the allelic discrimination with the Taqman method. This study enabled us to show an increase in risk of breast cancer with no oral contraceptive users and with women exhibiting a waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) > 0.85 for Asn homozygous for ERCC2 312.
|
['Breast Neoplasms', 'DNA Repair', 'Female', 'Gene Frequency', 'Genetic Predisposition to Disease', 'Genotype', 'Humans', 'Odds Ratio', 'Ovarian Neoplasms', 'Polymorphism, Genetic', 'Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide', 'Risk Factors', 'Xeroderma Pigmentosum Group D Protein']
| 18,454,848
|
[['C04.588.180', 'C17.800.090.500'], ['G02.111.222', 'G05.219'], ['G05.330'], ['C23.550.291.687.500', 'G05.380.355'], ['G05.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.740.600.600', 'G17.680.500', 'N05.715.360.750.625.590', 'N06.850.520.830.600.600'], ['C04.588.322.455', 'C13.351.500.056.630.705', 'C13.351.937.418.685', 'C19.344.410', 'C19.391.630.705'], ['G05.365.795'], ['G05.365.795.598'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['D08.811.277.040.025.159.500', 'D08.811.399.340.500', 'D12.776.260.775.875.875.500', 'D12.776.930.930.875.875.500']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
The degradation of amino acids, proteins, and blood to short-chain fatty acids in colon is prevented by lactulose.
|
Short-chain (C2-C5) fatty acids account for 60%-70% of the anions in the colon. Acetate (C2) is nontoxic in contrast to C(3)4-C5 fatty acids (propionate, butyrate, isobutyrate, valerate, and isovalerate), which induce coma in animals and may be important in the pathogenesis of hepatic coma in humans. An in-vitro fecal incubation system was used to map out short-chain fatty acid production in the presence of lactulose, amino acids, albumin, or blood. Albumin and blood increased production of all C2-C5 fatty acids. In contrast, lactulose was converted to acetate only and increased fecal acidity. The degradation of amino acids, albumin, and blood to short-chain fatty acids was completely inhibited by 10-25 mM lactulose. This was caused mainly by the acidifying effect of lactulose. pH-independent inhibition of blood and amino acid degradation to short-chain fatty acids required concentrations of lactulose exceeding 50-100 mM. Thus, the effect of lactulose in the treatment of hepatic coma may be related to its rapid fermentation into organic acids at rates exceeding colonic buffering capacity. This probably reduces formation of toxic fatty acids and ammonia from amino acids, polypeptides, and blood in the colon.
|
['Albumins', 'Amino Acids', 'Blood', 'Colon', 'Disaccharides', 'Fatty Acids, Volatile', 'Feces', 'Hepatic Encephalopathy', 'Humans', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Lactulose']
| 2,295,390
|
[['D12.776.034'], ['D12.125'], ['A12.207.152', 'A15.145'], ['A03.556.124.526.356', 'A03.556.249.249.356'], ['D09.698.629.305', 'D09.947.750'], ['D10.251.400'], ['A12.459'], ['C06.552.308.500.356', 'C10.228.140.163.360', 'C18.452.132.360'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G02.300'], ['D09.698.629.305.423', 'D09.947.750.423']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Alefacept is safe and efficacious in the treatment of palmar plantar pustulosis.
|
BACKGROUND: Alefacept blocks T-cell activation and induces apoptosis of memory T cells. It improves psoriasis vulgaris and may induce prolonged remissions. Experience with alefacept in palmar plantar pustulosis (PPP) is limited.OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to observe the effectiveness and safety of alefacept in the treatment of PPP.METHODS: Alefacept was administered weekly for 16 weeks by intramuscular (IM) injection of 15 mg to 15 patients with moderate to very severe PPP. Patients were followed for an additional 12 weeks.RESULTS: Four weeks after 16 weeks of treatment, there was a 49.6% reduction in the Palmoplantar Pustulosis Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PPPASI) and a 38.6% and a 64.5% reduction in total and fresh pustules, respectively. Eight weeks after dosing, 53.3% achieved PPPASI 50, 26.7% achieved PPPASI 75, and one patient was clear. The mean percent reduction in total pustules and fresh pustules was 46.1% and 61.2%, respectively; 73% had no pain, 53% had no itching, and 80% had no functional impairment. The palms responded better than the soles.CONCLUSIONS: This pilot showed that 16 weeks of once-weekly alefacept 15 mg IM was safe, led to improvement in PPP in all 15 treated patients, and induced a remission in one patient. Larger double-blind studies are warranted.
|
['Alefacept', 'Chronic Disease', 'Dermatologic Agents', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Injections, Intramuscular', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Pilot Projects', 'Psoriasis', 'Recombinant Fusion Proteins', 'Severity of Illness Index', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 18,042,332
|
[['D12.776.124.486.485.114.619.393.131', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.619.393.131', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.619.393.131', 'D12.776.395.550.034.500', 'D12.776.543.550.158.500', 'D12.776.828.300.100'], ['C23.550.291.500'], ['D27.505.954.444'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.319.267.530.460'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.372.750', 'E05.337.737', 'N05.715.360.330.720', 'N06.850.520.450.720'], ['C17.800.859.675'], ['D12.776.828.300'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475.456.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.364.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.364.500'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Association among gestation length and health, production, and reproduction in Holstein cows and implications for their offspring.
|
Objectives were to evaluate associations among gestation length (GL) and performance in Holstein cows and their offspring. A total of 8,095 Holstein cows and 3,635 female offspring born alive on 2 farms using only artificial insemination (AI) were evaluated. Gestation length averaged 276 ± 6 d in the 8,095 dams, and it was categorized as short (SGL; at least 1 SD below the population mean; mean = 266 d, range 256 to 269 d), average (AGL; population mean ± 1 SD; mean = 276 d, range 270 to 282 d), or long (LGL; at least 1 SD above the population mean; mean = 285 d, range 283 to 296 d). Responses evaluated in dams included incidence of diseases within 90 d in milk (DIM), pregnancy at first AI and by 300 DIM, and time to pregnancy. Milk yield and removal from the herd by culling or death were recorded for the first 300 DIM. Responses evaluated in female offspring born alive included removal from the herd and reproductive performance. Within primiparous cows, those with SGL had greater incidence of stillbirth, retained placenta, and metritis than primiparous with AGL or LGL; however, within multiparous cows, those with SGL or LGL had greater incidence of dystocia, stillbirth, retained placenta, and metritis than cows with AGL. Morbidity and rate of morbidity were greater for SGL and LGL than AGL. Rate of removal of dams from the herd was 38% faster for SGL than AGL. Milk production was greatest in AGL cows, but responses depended on parity. For primiparous cows, milk production was less in SGL and LGL than in AGL (AGL = 35.4, SGL = 34.6, LGL = 33.0 ± 0.4 kg/d), whereas for multiparous cows, production was less in SGL but greater in LGL than in AGL (AGL = 41.6, SGL = 38.6, LGL = 42.4 ± 0.3 kg/d). A smaller proportion of cows with SGL received at least one AI, but pregnancy at first AI did not differ among groups. Rate of pregnancy was 11% slower for LGL multiparous than for AGL multiparous. By 300 DIM, pregnancy was greater in AGL than SGL. Pregnancy by 300 DIM in multiparous cows was also greater for AGL than LGL. Heifers from dams with GL that deviated from AGL had greater mortality postweaning (AGL = 3.2 vs. SGL = 6.5 vs. LGL = 5.4%). The rate of removal from the herd was greater for SGL (adjusted hazard ratio = 1.78; 95% CI: 1.26 to 2.52) and LGL (adjusted hazard ratio = 2.00; 95% CI: 1.45 to 2.76) than for AGL heifers. Pregnancy at first AI was lowest for LGL and by 500 d of age a larger proportion of AGL heifers were pregnant than LGL (AGL = 82.3 vs. SGL = 79.2 vs. LGL = 74.0%). Cows with GL within 1 SD of the population mean (270 to 282 d) had improved health, production, and reproduction. Heifers from cows with GL within 1 SD of the population mean had improved health and reproduction. Gestation length affects performance of both dams and their offspring.
|
['Animals', 'Cattle', 'Female', 'Insemination, Artificial', 'Lactation', 'Milk', 'Parity', 'Pregnancy', 'Pregnancy, Animal', 'Reproduction']
| 28,161,176
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['E02.875.800.937', 'E05.820.800.937', 'G08.686.784.363.492'], ['G08.686.523', 'G08.686.702.500'], ['A12.200.455', 'A12.790', 'G07.203.100.700', 'G07.203.300.350.525', 'J02.200.700', 'J02.500.350.525'], ['G08.686.677', 'G08.686.784.769.472', 'N06.850.490.812.600'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['G08.686.784.769.498'], ['G08.686.784']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Fine-needle aspiration of renal masses in adults: analysis of results and diagnostic problems in 108 cases.
|
Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy of the kidney has a traditionally well-defined role in the diagnosis and treatment of renal lesions. Recent improvements in renal imaging techniques have also brought renal FNA to the forefront, since small and asymptomatic renal masses are increasingly being detected. Before the physician institutes a treatment plan, such lesions usually require a definitive diagnosis that is best provided by FNA. To assess various aspects of renal FNA, including specimen adequacy, questionable cytologic patterns, and diagnostic pitfalls, we retrospectively evaluate our experience with 108 FNA biopsies performed for the evaluation of renal masses in adults. For each case, the smears were reviewed and correlated with tissue sections from cell blocks, surgical specimens, or autopsy material, when available. The cytologic diagnoses were confirmed by cell block (59 cases), nephrectomy or autopsy (35 cases), or clinical follow-up. Of the 108 FNA biopsy samples, 17 showed evidence of blood, soft tissue, necrotic material, glomeruli, or tubular cells and were classified as unsatisfactory. The following diagnostic categories were noted in the 91 satisfactory aspirates: renal abscess (four cases), benign cyst (30 cases), suspicious lesions (11 cases), and malignant lesions (46 cases). In four cases of renal abscess, FNA found abundant clusters of neutrophils. For the 30 cases interpreted on cytologic evidence as benign cysts, the diagnosis was confirmed in 28 cases; the two remaining cases were acquired cystic kidney and cystic renal-cell carcinoma, respectively. Among the 11 suspicious lesions, the final diagnoses were one benign simple cyst, one angiomyolipoma, two multilocular cystic nephromas, two adult polycystic kidneys, one acquired cystic kidney, three cystic papillary renal-cell carcinomas, and one solid renal-cell carcinoma. Cases classified as suspicious shared characteristic cytologic patterns that distinguished them from simple benign cysts and from classic renal-cell carcinoma. Among the 46 malignant lesions, as evidenced on cytologic examination, 27 were renal-cell carcinomas, five were transitional-cell carcinomas, four were lymphomas, one was a small-cell undifferentiated carcinoma, and nine were metastatic carcinomas. False-positive or false-negative cases were not encountered in this category. In conclusion, FNA is an excellent method to diagnose space-occupying lesions of the kidney. For cystic lesions, cytologic-radiographic correlation is needed to avoid misinterpretation. Our study defines a spectrum of suspicious patterns characteristic of a group of renal lesions that are distinct from both benign simple cyst and straightforward renal malignancy.
|
['Adult', 'Biopsy, Needle', 'Humans', 'Kidney', 'Kidney Diseases']
| 10,352,906
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E01.370.225.500.384.100.119', 'E01.370.225.998.054.119', 'E01.370.388.100.100', 'E04.074.119', 'E04.665.100', 'E05.200.500.384.100.119', 'E05.200.998.054.119', 'E05.242.384.100.119'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A05.810.453'], ['C12.777.419', 'C13.351.968.419']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Tristetraprolin Overexpression in Gastric Cancer Cells Suppresses PD-L1 Expression and Inhibits Tumor Progression by Enhancing Antitumor Immunity.
|
The RNA-binding protein tristetraprolin (TTP) binds to adenosine-uridine AU-rich elements in the 3'-untranslated region of messenger RNAs and facilitates rapid degradation of the target mRNAs. Therefore, it regulates the expression of multiple cancer and immunity-associated transcripts. Furthermore, a lack of TTP in cancer cells influences cancer progression and predicts poor survival. Although the functions of TTP on cancer cells have previously been researched, the mechanism of TTP on the interaction between cancer cells with their microenvironment remains undiscovered. In this study, we admed to determine the role of cancer cell TTP during the interaction between tumor and immune cells, specifically regulatory T cells (Tregs). We evaluate the capability of TTP to modulate the antitumor immunity of GC and explored the underlying mechanism. The overexpression of TTP in GC cells dramatically increased peripheral blood mononuclear lymphocyte (PBML) -mediated cytotoxicity against GC cells. Increased cytotoxicity against TTP-overexpressed GC cells by PBMLs was determined by Treg development and infiltration. Surprisingly, we found the stabilization of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) mRNA was declining while TTP was elevated. The PD-L1 protein level was reduced in TTP-abundant GC cells. PD-L1 gas been found to play a pivotal role in Treg development and functional maintenance in immune system. Taken together, our results suggest the overexpression of TTP in GC cells not only affects cell survival and apoptosis but also increases PBMLs -mediated cytotoxicity against GC cells to decelerate tumor progression. Moreover, we identified PD-L1 as a critical TTP-regulated factor that contributes to inhibiting antitumor immunity.
|
['Apoptosis', 'B7-H1 Antigen', 'CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Cell Survival', 'Disease Progression', 'Female', 'Forkhead Transcription Factors', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic', 'Humans', 'Immunity', 'Leukocytes, Mononuclear', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Multivariate Analysis', 'RNA Stability', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Stomach Neoplasms', 'Survival Analysis', 'T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory', 'Tristetraprolin']
| 29,936,792
|
[['G04.146.954.035'], ['D12.776.465.625', 'D12.776.467.150.300', 'D12.776.543.095.300', 'D23.050.301.285.400', 'D23.529.168.300'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.569.220', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.220', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.220'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['G04.346'], ['C23.550.291.656'], ['D12.776.260.950.249', 'D12.776.930.977.249'], ['G05.308.370'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G12.450'], ['A11.118.637.555', 'A15.145.229.637.555', 'A15.382.490.555'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.740.150.500', 'N05.715.360.750.125.500', 'N06.850.520.830.150.500'], ['G02.111.780'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['C04.588.274.476.767', 'C06.301.371.767', 'C06.405.249.767', 'C06.405.748.789'], ['E05.318.740.998', 'N05.715.360.750.795', 'N06.850.520.830.998'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.550.500.700', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.200.700', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.500.700', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.550.500.700', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.200.700', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.500.700', 'A15.382.490.555.567.550.500.700', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.200.700', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.500.700'], ['D12.776.260.790', 'D12.776.460.762', 'D12.776.930.960']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Expression of embryonic globins by erythroid cells in juvenile chronic myelocytic leukemia.
|
Juvenile chronic myelocytic leukemia (JCML) is a rare hematopoietic neoplasia of early childhood with distinct hematologic and biochemical features. We studied the biologic properties and the globin synthetic profiles of JCML erythroid cells both in vivo and in vitro from a total of 24 patients. In these cases we observed the exuberant colony-forming unit-macrophage (CFU-M) colony growth, as reported previously. Furthermore, in contrast to previous reports, we found significant erythroid colony growth in most of our cases (average: 1,182 burst-forming unit-erythroid [BFUe] per 10(5) plated cells, range: 40 to 6,927). This growth was by and large erythropoietin-dependent and was not greatly influenced by other added cytokines. By several criteria all erythroid colony growth detected in vitro was derived from JCML progenitors. The globin synthetic profile of JCML erythroid cells showed high levels of fetal hemoglobin both in vivo and in vitro (gamma/gamma + beta: 53% to 94% in reticulocytes, 62% to 98% in BFUe-derived cells). In addition (in seven cases studied) we detected embryonic globins (epsilon and zeta) at the protein and messenger RNA level, a novel finding for primary leukemic cells. We speculate that the transformed erythroid cells in JCML harbor a trans environment supporting expression of developmentally earlier genes (fetal, embryonic). However, in contrast to other acute or subacute leukemias, JCML erythroid cells also have the ability to reach full maturation to the red cell level, thus allowing detection of this primitive program in vivo.
|
['Bone Marrow', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Child, Preschool', 'Erythrocytes', 'Erythroid Precursor Cells', 'Erythropoietin', 'Globins', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Reticulocytes']
| 2,043,763
|
[['A15.382.216'], ['A11.251'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['A11.118.290', 'A11.443.240', 'A15.145.229.334'], ['A11.148.378.590.837.250', 'A11.443.240.497', 'A11.872.378.590.817.250', 'A15.378.316.378.590.837.250'], ['D12.644.276.374.410.240.150', 'D12.776.395.240.150', 'D12.776.467.374.410.240.150', 'D23.529.374.410.240.150'], ['D12.776.422.316'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['C04.557.337.539.250', 'C15.378.190.636.370'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['A11.118.290.760', 'A11.148.790', 'A11.443.240.665', 'A15.145.229.334.760', 'A15.378.316.790']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Guillain-Barr? syndrome associated with Rocky Mountain spotted fever: case report and review.
|
We report a case of Guillain-Barr? syndrome (GBS) associated with Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF). The patient initially presented with fever, rash, and an altered mental status, and he responded to therapy with intravenous doxycycline; serological data confirmed RMSF. Concurrent physical findings and results of cerebrospinal fluid analysis and nerve conduction studies were compatible with GBS. Although neurological complications of RMSF are common, no known associations between RMSF and GBS were found in the literature. An association between possible infection with Rickettsia conorii and GBS was reported in a French study in 1968. To our knowledge, this is the first reported association between RMSF and GBS.
|
['Acyclovir', 'Anti-Bacterial Agents', 'Drug Therapy, Combination', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Metronidazole', 'Middle Aged', 'Polyradiculoneuropathy', 'Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever']
| 8,783,717
|
[['D03.633.100.759.758.399.454.250'], ['D27.505.954.122.085'], ['E02.319.310'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D02.640.672.500', 'D03.383.129.308.658.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C10.114.750', 'C10.314.750', 'C10.668.829.800.750', 'C20.111.258.750'], ['C01.150.252.400.789.725.400.500', 'C01.920.930.887.500']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Conservation and diversification of the miR166 family in soybean and potential roles of newly identified miR166s.
|
BACKGROUND: microRNA166 (miR166) is a highly conserved family of miRNAs implicated in a wide range of cellular and physiological processes in plants. miR166 family generally comprises multiple miR166 members in plants, which might exhibit functional redundancy and specificity. The soybean miR166 family consists of 21 members according to the miRBase database. However, the evolutionary conservation and functional diversification of miR166 family members in soybean remain poorly understood.RESULTS: We identified five novel miR166s in soybean by data mining approach, thus enlarging the size of miR166 family from 21 to 26 members. Phylogenetic analyses of the 26 miR166s and their precursors indicated that soybean miR166 family exhibited both evolutionary conservation and diversification, and ten pairs of miR166 precursors with high sequence identity were individually grouped into a discrete clade in the phylogenetic tree. The analysis of genomic organization and evolution of MIR166 gene family revealed that eight segmental duplications and four tandem duplications might occur during evolution of the miR166 family in soybean. The cis-elements in promoters of MIR166 family genes and their putative targets pointed to their possible contributions to the functional conservation and diversification. The targets of soybean miR166s were predicted, and the cleavage of ATHB14-LIKE transcript was experimentally validated by RACE PCR. Further, the expression patterns of the five newly identified MIR166s and 12 target genes were examined during seed development and in response to abiotic stresses, which provided important clues for dissecting their functions and isoform specificity.CONCLUSION: This study enlarged the size of soybean miR166 family from 21 to 26 members, and the 26 soybean miR166s exhibited evolutionary conservation and diversification. These findings have laid a foundation for elucidating functional conservation and diversification of miR166 family members, especially during seed development or under abiotic stresses.
|
['Base Sequence', 'Chromosomes, Plant', 'Conserved Sequence', 'Evolution, Molecular', 'Gene Duplication', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Plant', 'MicroRNAs', 'Multigene Family', 'Phylogeny', 'Plant Proteins', 'Promoter Regions, Genetic', 'Regulatory Sequences, Ribonucleic Acid', 'Seeds', 'Soybeans', 'Stress, Physiological']
| 28,143,404
|
[['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['A11.284.187.560', 'A18.005', 'G05.360.162.560'], ['G02.111.570.580'], ['G05.045.250', 'G16.075.250'], ['G05.365.590.320', 'G05.558.320'], ['G05.308.375'], ['D13.150.650.319', 'D13.444.735.150.319', 'D13.444.735.790.552.500'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.645'], ['G05.697', 'G16.075.605', 'L01.100.697'], ['D12.776.765'], ['G02.111.570.080.689.675', 'G05.360.080.689.675', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.750.680'], ['D13.444.735.790.878.942', 'G02.111.570.080.689.687', 'G05.360.080.689.687'], ['A18.024.500.750', 'G07.203.300.775', 'J02.500.775'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.401.750'], ['G07.775']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle biopsy for the diagnosis of mediastinal lymphadenopathy in patients with extrathoracic malignancies.
|
BACKGROUND/AIM: Mediastinal lymphadenopathy is common in extrathoracic malignancies and should not always be considered a metastatic lesion. The purpose of this study is to determine the diagnostic value of endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle biopsy (EBUS-TBNA) in patients with extrathoracic malignancies.MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study included 54 consecutive patients with extrathoracic malignancies who had suspected mediastinal metastases and had undergone EBUS-TBNA for diagnosis.RESULTS: Using EBUS-TBNA, 27 of 54 patients (50%) were diagnosed with mediastinal metastases. Among patients with mediastinal metastases, 2 (3.7%) had a sarcoid-like reaction, 5 (9.3%) had tuberculosis, and 17 (31.5%) had reactive lymph nodes. In 3 cases (5.5%), a specific diagnosis could not be determined following EBUS-TBNA. Two patients underwent surgical staging of their mediastinal lymphadenopathy, which allowed the detection of mediastinal metastases in 1 patient and that of reactive lymph nodes in the other. The sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value, and diagnostic accuracy of EBUS-TBNA for the diagnosis of extrathoracic malignancies were calculated as 93%, 100%, 92.6%, and 96.3%, respectively.CONCLUSION: EBUS-TBNA is a safe and effective procedure. We should consider whether EBUS-TBNA should be the primary diagnostic tool for the diagnosis of mediastinal lymphadenopathy in patients with extrathoracic malignancies.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Breast Neoplasms', 'Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Fine Needle Aspiration', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Lymphatic Diseases', 'Male', 'Mediastinal Neoplasms', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasms', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Young Adult']
| 25,552,152
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['C04.588.180', 'C17.800.090.500'], ['E01.370.225.500.384.100.119.500.500', 'E01.370.225.500.384.100.370.500', 'E01.370.225.998.054.119.500.500', 'E01.370.225.998.054.370.500', 'E01.370.350.850.855.500', 'E01.370.388.100.100.500.500', 'E01.370.388.100.370.500', 'E04.074.119.500.500', 'E04.074.370.500', 'E04.502.890.500', 'E05.200.500.384.100.119.500.500', 'E05.200.500.384.100.370.500', 'E05.200.998.054.119.500.500', 'E05.200.998.054.370.500', 'E05.242.384.100.119.500.500', 'E05.242.384.100.370.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C15.604'], ['C04.588.894.479', 'C08.846.187.580'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Activation of Rab GTPase Sec4 by its GEF Sec2 is required for prospore membrane formation during sporulation in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
|
Sec2 activates Sec4 Rab GTPase as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for the recruitment of downstream effectors to facilitate tethering and fusion of post-Golgi vesicles at the plasma membrane. During the meiosis and sporulation of budding yeast, post-Golgi vesicles are transported to and fused at the spindle pole body (SPB) to form a de novo membrane, called the prospore membrane. Previous studies have revealed the role of the SPB outer surface called the meiotic outer plaque (MOP) in docking and fusion of post-Golgi vesicles. However, the upstream molecular machinery for post-Golgi vesicular fusion that facilitates prospore membrane formation remains enigmatic. Here, we demonstrate that the GTP exchange factor for Sec4, Sec2, participates in the formation of the prospore membrane. A conditional mutant in which the SEC2 expression is shut off during sporulation showed sporulation defects. Inactivation of Sec2 caused Sec4 targeting defects along the prospore membranes, thereby causing insufficient targeting of downstream effectors and cargo proteins to the prospore membrane. These results suggest that the activation of Sec4 by Sec2 is required for the efficient supply of post-Golgi vesicles to the prospore membrane and thus for prospore membrane formation/extension and subsequent deposition of spore wall materials.
|
['Biomarkers', 'Cell Membrane', 'Fluorescent Antibody Technique', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal', 'Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors', 'Mutation', 'Phenotype', 'Protein Domains', 'Protein Transport', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins', 'Spores', 'rab GTP-Binding Proteins']
| 29,293,994
|
[['D23.101'], ['A11.284.149'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512.240', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512.240', 'E05.200.500.607.512.240', 'E05.200.750.551.512.240', 'E05.478.583.375'], ['G05.308.330'], ['D12.644.360.325.300', 'D12.776.476.325.300'], ['G05.365.590'], ['G05.695'], ['G02.111.570.820.709.275.750', 'G02.111.570.820.709.610.500'], ['G03.143.700'], ['B01.300.107.795.785.800', 'B01.300.930.705.655'], ['D12.776.354.750'], ['A11.870', 'B05.775'], ['D08.811.277.040.330.300.400.400', 'D12.644.360.525.400', 'D12.776.157.325.515.400', 'D12.776.476.525.400']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Primary Gianturco stent placement for inferior vena cava abnormalities following liver transplantation.
|
PURPOSE: To determine the efficacy of primary Gianturco stent placement for patients with inferior vena caval (IVC) abnormalities following liver transplantation.MATERIALS AND METHODS: From August 1996 through March 1999, nine adult patients developed significant IVC abnormalities following liver transplantation. Patients were referred for vena cavography on the basis of abnormal clinical findings, laboratory values, liver biopsy results, Doppler findings, or a combination. Those patients demonstrating a significant caval or hepatic venous gradient were treated with primary Gianturco stent placement. Patients were followed clinically (nine patients), with duplex ultrasound (nine patients), vena cavography (four patients), and biopsy (seven patients).RESULTS: Original pressure gradients ranged from 3 to 14 mm Hg, with a mean of 9 mm Hg. Gradients were reduced to 3 mm Hg or less in all nine patients; presenting signs and symptoms either resolved or improved in eight of nine patients. The ninth patient required repeated transplantation 2 days later. A second patient died 433 days after stent placement of recurrent hepatitis C. Another initially improved following caval stent placement, but underwent repeated transplantation 7 days later due to hepatic necrosis from hepatic arterial thrombosis. Follow-up for the remaining six patients has averaged 491 days, with no clinical, venographic, or ultrasound evidence for recurrent caval stenosis.CONCLUSIONS: Intermediate term results suggest that primary Gianturco stent placement for IVC stenosis, compression, or torsion resulting after liver transplantation is safe and effective.
|
['Adult', 'Humans', 'Liver Transplantation', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Radiography', 'Stents', 'Vena Cava, Inferior']
| 10,716,387
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.095.147.725.490', 'E04.210.650', 'E04.936.450.490', 'E04.936.580.490'], ['C23.550.767'], ['E01.370.350.700'], ['E07.695.750'], ['A07.015.908.949.648']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Enantioselective synthesis of â-fluoroamines from â-amino alcohols: application to the synthesis of LY503430.
|
N,N-Dialkyl-â-amino alcohols were enantiospecifically and regioselectively rearranged by using N,N-diethylaminosulfur trifluoride (DAST) to give optically active â-fluoroamines in excellent yields and enantiomeric excesses. This rearrangement was applied to the enantioselective synthesis of LY503430, a potential therapeutic agent for Parkinson's disease.
|
['Amides', 'Amines', 'Amino Alcohols', 'Biphenyl Compounds', 'Fluorine Compounds', 'Molecular Structure', 'Stereoisomerism']
| 20,849,096
|
[['D02.065'], ['D02.092'], ['D02.033.100', 'D02.092.063'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.185'], ['D01.303'], ['G02.111.570', 'G02.466'], ['G02.607.445.682']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Physical activity in daily life in patients with chronic low back pain.
|
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate disuse (ie, a decreased daily physical activity level) in patients with chronic low back pain (LBP) and to evaluate the construct validity of accelerometry for measuring physical activity in daily life.DESIGN: Case-control study in a cross-sectional design; comparison of accelerometry to the criterion standard (doubly labeled water technique).SETTING: Normal daily living (unrestricted by the measurement devices).PATIENTS: Thirteen patients with chronic nonspecific LBP and 13 age- and gender-matched healthy controls.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Physical activity in daily life, expressed as whole-body acceleration measured with a triaxial accelerometer (Tracmor), and as the ratio between average daily metabolic rate (ADMR), measured by the doubly labeled water technique, and resting metabolic rate (RMR), measured by the ventilated hood. Both techniques were used simultaneously for 14 days.RESULTS: Mean physical activity level in patients and controls did not differ significantly. The correlation between the Tracmor and ADMR and RMR was .72 (p < .01).CONCLUSIONS: Decreased physical activity levels in this sample of chronic LBP patients was not confirmed. The Tracmor is a valid instrument for measuring daily activity in LBP patients.
|
['Activities of Daily Living', 'Body Composition', 'Body Mass Index', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Chronic Disease', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Deuterium Oxide', 'Energy Metabolism', 'Exercise', 'Exercise Test', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Low Back Pain', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Statistics, Nonparametric']
| 11,387,574
|
[['E02.760.169.063.500.067', 'E02.831.067', 'I03.050', 'N02.421.784.110'], ['G02.111.130', 'G03.180', 'G07.100.049'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.125', 'E05.041.124.125', 'G07.100.100.125', 'N06.850.505.200.100.175'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['C23.550.291.500'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['D01.045.250.875.200', 'D01.248.497.158.459.650.200', 'D01.268.406.500.250', 'D01.362.340.500.250'], ['G03.295'], ['G11.427.410.698.277', 'I03.350'], ['E01.370.370.380.250', 'E01.370.386.700.250', 'E05.333.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C23.888.592.612.107.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['E05.318.740.995', 'N05.715.360.750.760', 'N06.850.520.830.995']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Functional consequences of mutations in CDKL5, an X-linked gene involved in infantile spasms and mental retardation.
|
Mutations in the X-linked cyclin-dependent kinase-like 5 (CDKL5) gene have been identified in patients with Rett syndrome, West syndrome, and X-linked infantile spasms sharing the common features of generally intractable early seizures and mental retardation. Disease-causing mutations are distributed in both the catalytic domain and in the large COOH terminus. In this report, we examine the functional consequences of some Rett mutations of CDKL5 together with some synthetically designed derivatives useful to underline the functional domains of the protein. The mutated CDKL5 derivatives have been subjected to in vitro kinase assays and analyzed for phosphorylation of the TEY (Thr-Glu-Tyr) motif within the activation loop, their subcellular localization, and the capacity of CDKL5 to interact with itself. Whereas wild-type CDKL5 autophosphorylates and mediates the phosphorylation of the methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (MeCP2) in vitro, Rett-mutated proteins show both impaired and increased catalytic activity suggesting that a tight regulation of CDKL5 is required for correct brain functions. Furthermore, we show that CDKL5 can self-associate and mediate the phosphorylation of its own TEY (Thr-Glu-Tyr) motif. Eventually, we show that the COOH terminus regulates CDKL5 properties; in particular, it negatively influences the catalytic activity and is required for its proper sub-nuclear localization. We propose a model in which CDKL5 phosphorylation is required for its entrance into the nucleus whereas a portion of the COOH-terminal domain is responsible for a stable residency in this cellular compartment probably through protein-protein interactions.
|
['Animals', 'Brain', 'Cell Nucleus', 'Chromosomes, Human, X', 'Humans', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Intellectual Disability', 'Methyl-CpG-Binding Protein 2', 'Mice', 'Mutation', 'NIH 3T3 Cells', 'Protein Structure, Tertiary', 'Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases', 'Spasms, Infantile']
| 16,935,860
|
[['B01.050'], ['A08.186.211'], ['A11.284.430.106', 'A11.284.430.214.190.875.117'], ['A11.284.187.520.300.325.680', 'A11.284.187.865.982.500', 'G05.360.162.520.300.325.680', 'G05.360.162.865.982.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['C10.597.606.360', 'C23.888.592.604.646', 'F01.700.687', 'F03.625.539'], ['D12.776.260.536', 'D12.776.660.235.550', 'D12.776.664.235.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['G05.365.590'], ['A11.251.210.100.550', 'A11.329.228.100.550'], ['G02.111.570.820.709.610'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700'], ['C10.228.140.490.375.760', 'C10.228.140.490.493.875']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Merkel Cell Polyomavirus Infection and Detection.
|
Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) infection can lead to Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC), a highly aggressive form of skin cancer. Mechanistic studies to fully investigate MCPyV molecular biology and oncogenic mechanisms have been hampered by a lack of adequate cell culture models. Here, we describe a set of protocols for performing and detecting MCPyV infection of primary human skin cells. The protocols describe the isolation of human dermal fibroblasts, preparation of recombinant MCPyV virions, and detection of virus infection by both immunofluorescent (IF) staining and in situ DNA-hybridization chain reaction (HCR), which is a highly sensitive fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) approach. The protocols herein can be adapted by interested researchers to identify other cell types or cell lines that support MCPyV infection. The described FISH approach could also be adapted for detecting low levels of viral DNAs present in the infected human skin.
|
['Cells, Cultured', 'DNA, Viral', 'Fibroblasts', 'Humans', 'In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence', 'Merkel cell polyomavirus', 'Polyomavirus Infections', 'Skin']
| 30,799,855
|
[['A11.251'], ['D13.444.308.568'], ['A11.329.228'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.670.325.350', 'E01.370.225.750.600.670.325.350', 'E05.200.500.620.670.325.350', 'E05.200.750.600.670.325.350', 'E05.393.285.350', 'E05.393.661.475.350'], ['B04.280.210.700.615.550', 'B04.613.204.670.615.550'], ['C01.925.256.721'], ['A17.815']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Hematologic, biochemical, hormonal, and redox status alterations during reproductive activity in adult rams of two breeds.
|
BACKGROUND: Reproduction is a crucial, energy-consuming physiologic activity, which can temporarily disturb the homeostatic balance of the organism. Although rams are commonly placed in intense breeding programs on contemporary sheep farms, the clinicopathologic and redox status alterations have not been adequately studied during reproductive activity.OBJECTIVES: The objective was to investigate the clinicopathologic and redox status changes in rams during reproductive activity.METHODS: Thirty-seven (19 Chios and 18 Florina breed) adult, healthy rams were individually mated with ten estrus-synchronized ewes of the same breed. Blood samples were collected prior to mating, during mating, and postmating. CBC (Advia 120), cytologic blood smear evaluation, biochemical analyses (Flexor E, AVL 9180 Electrolyte Analyzer), and thyroxine measurements (Immulite 1000) were performed. The reactive oxygen metabolites (d-ROMs) test, the biological antioxidant potential (BAP) test, and oxidative stress index were used to assess redox status. The linear mixed effects model (statistical language R) was used for statistical analyses.RESULTS: Many, mostly breed-independent, clinicopathologic changes were detected during reproductive activity. Conversely, redox status alterations were found to be breed-dependent.CONCLUSIONS: Intense reproductive activity was related to mild, acute muscle damage in both breeds and mild oxidative stress in Florina rams, whereas Chios rams exhibited oxidative stress resistance. The observed clinicopathologic and redox status alterations were generally consistent with those reported during various forms of physical activity and exercise in animals and humans. Intense reproductive activity does not seem to be physiologically innocuous; however, it appears to be a relatively mild muscle-damaging physical activity.
|
['Animals', 'Antioxidants', 'Blood Cell Count', 'Breeding', 'Male', 'Oxidation-Reduction', 'Oxidative Stress', 'Reproduction', 'Sheep', 'Species Specificity', 'Thyroxine']
| 31,062,434
|
[['B01.050'], ['D27.505.519.217', 'D27.505.696.706.125', 'D27.720.799.047'], ['E01.370.225.500.195.107', 'E01.370.225.625.107', 'E05.200.500.195.107', 'E05.200.625.107', 'E05.242.195.107', 'G04.140.107', 'G09.188.105'], ['E05.820.150', 'G05.090'], ['G02.700', 'G03.295.531'], ['G03.673', 'G07.775.750'], ['G08.686.784'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.791'], ['G16.824'], ['D06.472.931.812', 'D12.125.072.050.767']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Predictors of patients' perceived need for medication to prevent fracture.
|
BACKGROUND: Adherence with medications to prevent fractures is suboptimal. Patients' perceived need for medication is an important predictor of medication-use behavior.OBJECTIVE: Estimate the associations of patients' perceived need of medication for fracture prevention with objective indicators of fracture risk, patients' concerns about medications, and the quality of the patient-physician relationship.RESEARCH DESIGN: Cross-sectional medical record review and mailed survey. A multivariate path model was used to estimate the associations of predictor variables with perceived need for fracture prevention medication.SUBJECTS: A total of 1155 individuals were prescribed an oral bisphosphonate medication between January 1, 2006 and March 31, 2007 at a large urban multispecialty clinic in the United States.RESULTS: Trust in the prescribing physician, prevalent vertebral fracture on spine imaging, patients' self-reported susceptibility to and perceived severity of fractures, and medication concerns were independently associated with perceived need for medication. Bone mineral density and fracture history were only weakly associated with perceived need for medication. Trust in the physician was associated with perceived severity of fractures but not with self-reported susceptibility to fractures. Patients' perceptions that their physician communicates openly with them and their satisfaction with their physician's decision-making style are strongly associated with their trust in that physician.CONCLUSIONS: Documenting prevalent vertebral fracture may influence patients' perceived need for fracture prevention medication. Patients' trust in their physicians influences perceived need for fracture prevention medication. Patients' perceptions of open physician communication and their satisfaction with their physician's decision-making style are indirectly associated with perceived need for fracture prevention medication.
|
['Aged', 'Bone Density', 'Bone Density Conservation Agents', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Diphosphonates', 'Female', 'Fractures, Bone', 'Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Medication Adherence', 'Middle Aged', 'Multivariate Analysis', 'Physician-Patient Relations', 'Surveys and Questionnaires']
| 21,224,740
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['G11.427.100'], ['D27.505.696.242'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['D02.705.429.500'], ['C26.404'], ['F01.100.150.500', 'N05.300.150.410'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.100.150.750.500.600.500', 'F01.145.488.887.500.600.500', 'N05.300.150.800.500.600.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.740.150.500', 'N05.715.360.750.125.500', 'N06.850.520.830.150.500'], ['F01.829.401.650.675', 'N05.300.660.625'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Milrinone Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics in Neonates with Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of the Newborn.
|
Objective To describe the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of milrinone in infants with persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) and to explore the impact of age on milrinone disposition. Design Randomized, open label pilot study. Setting Multicenter; level 3 and level 4 neonatal intensive care units. Patients Six infants ?34 weeks' gestational age and <10 days of life with persistent hypoxemia receiving inhaled nitric oxide. Intervention Intravenous milrinone lactate in one of two dosing regimens: (1) low dose, 20 mcg/kg bolus followed by 0.2 mcg/kg/minute, and (2) standard dose, 50 mcg/kg bolus followed by 0.5 mcg/kg/minute. Measurements and Main Results The final structural model was a two-compartment disposition model with interindividual variability estimated on clearance (CL). The estimated value of CL is 7.65 mL/minute/3.4 kg (3.05 mL/minute/kg). The addition of age improved the precision of the CL estimate, and CL increased with chronological age in days. The oxygenation index was highly variable within each participant and improved with time. There were no observed safety concerns in either dosing group. Conclusion The CL of milrinone in newborns with PPHN is reduced and increases with age. In this pilot study, we did not see significant pharmacodynamic or safety effects associated with drug exposure.
|
['Administration, Intravenous', 'Cardiotonic Agents', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Endothelium-Dependent Relaxing Factors', 'Female', 'Gestational Age', 'Humans', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Intensive Care Units, Neonatal', 'Male', 'Metabolic Clearance Rate', 'Milrinone', 'Nitric Oxide', 'Oxygen Consumption', 'Persistent Fetal Circulation Syndrome', 'Pilot Projects', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 28,099,979
|
[['E02.319.267.082'], ['D27.505.954.411.222', 'D27.720.799.080'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['D27.505.954.411.918.500'], ['G07.345.500.325.235.968', 'G08.686.320'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['N02.278.388.493.390.380'], ['E01.370.225.843', 'E05.200.843', 'G03.490', 'G07.690.595', 'G07.690.725.513'], ['D02.092.080.085.543', 'D03.383.725.050.085.543'], ['D01.339.387', 'D01.625.550.500', 'D01.625.700.500', 'D01.650.550.587.600'], ['G03.680'], ['C08.381.423.694', 'C16.614.694'], ['E05.318.372.750', 'E05.337.737', 'N05.715.360.330.720', 'N06.850.520.450.720'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Experience of freezing human oocytes using sodium-depleted media.
|
Human embryo cryopreservation techniques enable the storage of surplus embryos created during assisted reproduction procedures; however, the existence of these same surplus embryos has sparked further debate. What can be their fate once they are no longer desired by their parents or if the parents are deceased? Thus, the level of interest in the cryopreservation of oocytes has increased, as has the necessity for further scientific study. This study had the objective of reporting 10 years of experience of freezing and thawing human oocytes from patients who did not wish to freeze embryos. A total of 159 cycles using frozen–thawed oocytes were performed (mean age 33.7 years). Survival and fertilization rates were 57.4% and 67.2%, respectively. Cleavage rate was 88.4% and the pregnancy rate was 37.7%. Clinical pregnancy was observed in 43 cycles (27.0%) with 14.5% of transferred embryos implanted. These pregnancies delivered 19 boys and 23 girls, two pregnancies are ongoing and nine were miscarriages. The average gestational week was 37.6 weeks and birthweight was 2829.2 g. These data suggest that the use of frozen–thawed oocytes in IVF represents a reasonable alternative for those patients not comfortable with the cryopreservation of supernumerary embryos.
|
['Adult', 'Birth Weight', 'Brazil', 'Cohort Studies', 'Cryopreservation', 'Cryoprotective Agents', 'Embryo Transfer', 'Female', 'Gestational Age', 'Humans', 'Infertility', 'Oocytes', 'Patient Preference', 'Pregnancy', 'Pregnancy Outcome', 'Pregnancy Rate', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic']
| 21,123,115
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['C23.888.144.186', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120.186', 'E05.041.124.160.750.149', 'G07.100.100.160.120.186', 'G07.345.249.314.120.186'], ['Z01.107.757.176'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.760.160', 'E01.370.225.750.600.760.160', 'E02.792.156', 'E05.200.500.620.760.160', 'E05.200.750.600.760.160', 'E05.760.156'], ['D27.505.696.706.320', 'D27.720.799.180'], ['E02.875.800.500', 'E05.820.800.500'], ['G07.345.500.325.235.968', 'G08.686.320'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C12.294.365', 'C13.351.500.365'], ['A05.360.490.690.680', 'A11.497.497.600'], ['F01.100.150.750.625.500', 'F01.145.488.887.625.500', 'N04.452.822.700.500', 'N05.300.150.800.625.500'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['E01.789.700', 'G08.686.784.769.496'], ['E05.318.308.985.775', 'G08.686.705', 'N01.224.935.849', 'N06.850.505.400.975.775', 'N06.850.520.308.985.775'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E02.875.800.750.700', 'E05.820.800.750.700']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Identification of the testing parameters in high frequency dynamic shear measurement on agarose gels.
|
Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) on agarose gels can be used to validate magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) measurements as well as to provide better understanding for the biological responses of cells to the dynamic loadings in cell culture studies. Various parameters potentially affecting the repeatability and accuracy of the DMA shear modulus measurements were investigated systematically in the present study, including sample thickness, shear strain, testing frequency, and compressive clamping strain. The study showed that the thickness of the agarose gel sample must be sufficiently small (1 mm) to prevent the erroneous fluctuation in the measured modulus. The appropriate levels of shear strain (< or = 0.5%) and compressive clamping strain (5-10%) must be applied to overcome the slippage at the gel-clamp interface without causing significant boundary and stress non-uniformity or micro-cracks in the agarose gel sample.
|
['Cell Culture Techniques', 'Gels', 'Humans', 'Materials Testing', 'Models, Biological', 'Sepharose', 'Shear Strength', 'Weight-Bearing']
| 15,713,317
|
[['E01.370.225.500.223', 'E05.200.500.265', 'E05.242.223', 'E05.481.500.249'], ['D20.280.320', 'D26.255.165.320'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.570'], ['E05.599.395'], ['D09.698.813'], ['G01.374.820'], ['G01.374.965']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Multiple functional domains of the heparin molecule.
|
Affinity-fractionated porcine heparin was randomly scissioned by chemical techniques to give hexasaccharides, octasaccharides, decasaccharides, and mucopolysaccharide fragments of approximately 14 residues and approximately 16 residues that were able to complex with the protease inhibitor. Direct measurements of the kinetic behavior of the hexasaccharides, octasaccharides, and decasaccharides showed that these fractions greatly enhanced the rate of Factor Xa inactivation by antithrombin. Indeed, these species exhibited specific molar activities that ranged from 6.9% (hexaccharide) to 60.9% (decasaccharide) of that of the heparin fragment of approximately 16 residues. However, these oligosaccharides exhibited essentially no ability to accelerate thrombin-antithrombin interactions. The avidity of the hexasaccharides, octasaccharides, and decasaccharides for the protease inhibitor increased as a function of size with the respective dissociation constants ranging from 5.5 X 10(-6) M to 2.9 X 10(-7) M. These data suggest that the region of the heparin molecule needed for catalyzing Factor Xa-antithrombin interaction is intimately related to the antithrombin binding domain. The smallest complex carbohydrate fragment that accelerated the inactivation of thrombin by antithrombin had approximately 14 residues. This fraction had an avidity for the protease inhibitor of 2.8 X 10(-7) M and specific molar activities of 140 units per mumol (thrombin neutralization) and 460 units per mumol (factor Xa inactivation). The largest heparin fragment examined contained approximately 16 residues. This fraction had an avidity for antithrombin of 2.4 X 10(-7) M and specific molar activities of 500 units per mumol (thrombin neutralization) and 560 units per mumol (Factor Xa inactivation). Detailed kinetic analyses showed that these two species are able to directly activate antithrombin to the same extent with respect to thrombin inhibition. However, the larger mucopolysaccharide fragment is also capable of approximating free enzyme with protease inhibitor.
|
['Animals', 'Chromatography, Affinity', 'Factor X', 'Factor Xa', 'Heparin', 'Humans', 'Kinetics', 'Oligosaccharides', 'Structure-Activity Relationship', 'Swine', 'Thrombin']
| 6,940,150
|
[['B01.050'], ['E05.196.181.400.170'], ['D08.622.471', 'D12.776.124.125.400', 'D12.776.811.243.471', 'D23.119.400'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.760.315', 'D08.811.277.656.959.350.315', 'D12.776.124.125.400.315', 'D23.119.400.315'], ['D09.698.373.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['D09.698.629'], ['G02.111.830', 'G07.690.773.997'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.880'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.760.855', 'D08.811.277.656.959.350.855', 'D12.776.124.125.890', 'D23.119.960']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Efficacy and safety of high-dose ampicillin/sulbactam vs. colistin as monotherapy for the treatment of multidrug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii ventilator-associated pneumonia.
|
OBJECTIVE: To compare the safety and efficacy of ampicillin/sulbactam (Amp/Sulb) and colistin (COL) in the treatment of multidrug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP).METHODS: A prospective cohort study in adult critically ill patients with VAP. Patients were randomly assigned to receive Amp/Sulb (9 g every 8h) or COL (3 MIU every 8h) intravenously. Dosage was adjusted according to creatinine clearance.RESULTS: A total of 28 patients were enrolled (15 COL, 13 Amp/Sulb). Resolution of symptoms and signs occurred in 60% (9/15) of the COL group and 61.5% (9/13) of the Amp/Sulb group, improvement in 13.3% (2/15) vs. 15.3% (1/13) and failure in 26.6% (4/15) vs. 23% (3/13), respectively. The difference was not statistically significant. Bacteriologic success was achieved in 66.6% (10/15) vs. 61.5% (8/13) in the COL and Amp/Sulb groups, respectively (p<0.2). Mortality rates (14 days and 28 days) were 15.3% and 30% for the Amp/Sulb and 20% and 33% for the COL group, respectively. Adverse events were 39.6% (including 33% nephrotoxicity) for the COL group and 30.7% (15.3% nephrotoxicity) for the Amp/Sulb group (p=NS).CONCLUSION: Colistin and high-dose ampicillin/sulbactam were comparably safe and effective treatments for critically ill patients with MDR A. baumannii VAP.
|
['Acinetobacter Infections', 'Acinetobacter baumannii', 'Aged', 'Ampicillin', 'Anti-Bacterial Agents', 'Colistin', 'Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Pneumonia, Bacterial', 'Pneumonia, Ventilator-Associated', 'Sulbactam']
| 18,501,431
|
[['C01.150.252.400.560.022'], ['B03.440.400.425.537.050.099', 'B03.660.250.530.050.099'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D02.065.589.099.750.750.050', 'D02.886.108.750.750.050', 'D03.633.100.300.750.750.050'], ['D27.505.954.122.085'], ['D04.345.566.780.110', 'D10.477.750.110', 'D12.644.050.600.110', 'D12.644.641.780.110', 'D12.776.543.695.054.600.110'], ['G06.099.225.812', 'G06.225.347.812', 'G07.690.773.984.269.347.812', 'G07.690.773.984.300.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C01.150.252.620', 'C01.748.610.540', 'C08.381.677.540', 'C08.730.610.540'], ['C01.248.250.500', 'C01.748.610.300.500', 'C08.381.677.300.500', 'C08.730.610.300.500', 'C23.550.291.875.500.500.500'], ['D02.065.589.099.750.812', 'D02.886.108.750.812', 'D03.633.100.300.750.812']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Zero order controlled release delivery of cholecalciferol from injectable biodegradable microsphere: In-vitro characterization and in-vivo pharmacokinetic studies.
|
Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) microspheres loaded with cholecalciferol (CL), more bioactive form of vitamin D was developed as an injectable controlled drug release system and was evaluated for its feasibility of once a month delivery. The CL loaded microspheres (CL-MS) were prepared by simple oil in water (O/W) emulsion-solvent evaporation technique incorporated with a stabilizer, Tocopherol Succinate (TS). Different formulation as well as process parameters were investigated namely concentration of emulsifier, concentration of stabilizer and drug: polymer mass ratios. The prepared CL-MS were evaluated for particle size, drug loading, in-vitro drug release and in-vivo pharmacokinetics in rats. The optimized formulation was found to have a mean particle size of 28.62±0.26ìm, Encapsulation Efficiency (EE) of 94.4±5.4% and drug loading of 5.19±0.29% with CL:TS ratio of 2:1. It was found that the EE drastically decreased (26±5.9%) in the absence of stabilizer (TS) indicating its role in stabilization of CL during formulation. DSC and XRD studies indicated that CL existed in an amorphous structure in the polymer matrix. SEM of the CL-MS revealed the spherical morphology and confirmed the particle size. In-vitro release showed that the CL release from CL-MS followed near zero-order drug release kinetics over nearly 1month. In-vivo pharmacokinetic study of CL-MS showed higher t1/2 (239±27.5h) compared to oily CL depot (32.7±4.8h) with sustained release of CL plasma concentration for 1month. The labile CL could thus be effectively encapsulated and protected against degradation during microspheres formulation, storage and release in presence of stabilizer. This novel CL loaded PLGA MS is stable and may have great potential for clinical use.
|
['Animals', 'Cholecalciferol', 'Delayed-Action Preparations', 'Drug Delivery Systems', 'Drug Liberation', 'Injections, Intramuscular', 'Lactic Acid', 'Microspheres', 'Polyglycolic Acid', 'Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'alpha-Tocopherol']
| 28,629,804
|
[['B01.050'], ['D04.210.500.247.222.159', 'D04.210.500.247.808.146', 'D04.210.500.812.768.196', 'D10.570.938.146'], ['D26.255.210', 'E02.319.300.253'], ['E02.319.300'], ['G02.211', 'G03.787.321', 'G07.690.725.321'], ['E02.319.267.530.460'], ['D02.241.511.459.450'], ['E07.565'], ['D05.750.728.780', 'D25.720.728.780', 'J01.637.051.720.728.780'], ['D02.241.511.459.450.500', 'D05.750.728.780.500', 'D25.720.728.780.500', 'J01.637.051.720.728.780.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['D03.383.663.283.909.750.249', 'D03.633.100.150.909.750.249']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
From directive to practice: are pictorial warnings and plain packaging effective to reduce the tobacco addiction?
|
OBJECTIVES: Tobacco packaging represents an important form of promotion of tobacco products and for this reason plain packaging (PP) can be considered an additional tobacco control measure. In Italy the current tobacco packaging is branded with textual warnings. The study investigated the perception of PP with textual warnings (PPTWs) and pictorial warnings (PPPWs) in Italy.STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional.METHODS: The study was conducted on adults who were current, never and former smokers. The participants watched out three types of packages (current packaging, PPTWs and PPPWs) and eight pictorial warnings, and indicated which they considered the most effective ones to motivate smoking cessation or reduction and to prevent the onset.RESULTS: 1065 subjects were recruited. The PPPWs were considered the most effective in motivating to quit, reduce and prevent the smoking habits (ranged 83.4%-96.1%) in all tobacco users and age groups (?40/>40 years) (P < 0.005). In general PP does not seem to be very effective in quitting for three-quarters of the smokers and 60% declared that they would have still started smoking with PP. The younger group believed less than the older one that PP gives a motivation to quit (29.4% vs 39.1%, P = 0.002). The pictures perceived as most effective in communicating the smoking effects were lung cancer and gangrene (about one-third of the sample).CONCLUSIONS: The textual warnings on tobacco products are a measure of control now outdated. Countries still using them should consider the idea of replace them with pictorial warnings that seem to be more effective. It is also desirable in the near future that these countries introduce the PPPWs.
|
['Adult', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Italy', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Motivation', 'Product Labeling', 'Product Packaging', 'Smoking Cessation', 'Tobacco Products', 'Tobacco Use Disorder']
| 26,452,706
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.542.489'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['F01.658', 'F01.752.543.500.750'], ['J01.576.761.700'], ['J01.576.761'], ['F01.145.488.732'], ['J01.637.767.844'], ['C25.775.912', 'F03.900.912']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Factors Influencing Young Women's Preparedness for Their First Pelvic Examination.
|
OBJECTIVE: To understand factors contributing to women's level of preparedness for their first pelvic examination.METHODS: We conducted semistructured interviews with young women, aged 18-24 years, who had undergone at least one pelvic examination. This analysis explored 1) gynecologic and health care experience before the first pelvic examination, 2) preprocedure expectations and concerns, and 3) preprocedure knowledge about the examination. Interviews were transcribed and computer-assisted content analysis was performed; salient themes are presented.RESULTS: Thirty women completed interviews. Thirteen women described feeling poorly prepared for their first pelvic examination and 17 women described feeling prepared for the examination. Factors influencing women's level of preparedness for their first pelvic examination included 1) age at first examination, 2) pre-examination knowledge of the examination, 3) medical trust or mistrust, 4) overall comfort with one's body, and 5) prior sexual experiences and trauma.CONCLUSION: Preparedness for the first pelvic examination emerges as a subjective concept shaped and determined by the interplay of many factors. Although some factors such as age and personal sexual and reproductive health history may not be modifiable by clinical practice, other factors, including information that young women receive before experiencing their first pelvic examination, may be modifiable by clinical practice.
|
['Adolescent', 'Age Factors', 'Body Image', 'Female', 'Gynecological Examination', 'Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice', 'Humans', 'Interviews as Topic', 'Physician-Patient Relations', 'Psychological Trauma', 'Qualitative Research', 'Sexual Behavior', 'Trust', 'Young Adult']
| 29,995,736
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['F01.752.747.792.110', 'F02.463.593.112'], ['E01.370.600.293'], ['F01.100.150.500', 'N05.300.150.410'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.420', 'L01.399.250.520', 'N05.715.360.300.400', 'N06.850.520.308.420'], ['F01.829.401.650.675', 'N05.300.660.625'], ['F03.950.750.375'], ['H01.770.644.241.850'], ['F01.145.802'], ['F01.829.401.825'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Proangiogenic effects of tumor cells on endothelial progenitor cells vary with tumor type in an in vitro and in vivo rat model.
|
Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) contribute to neovascularization in tumors. However, the relationship of EPCs and tumor-induced angiogenesis still remains to be clarified. The present study aimed at investigating the influence of 4 different tumor types on angiogenic properties of EPCs in an in vitro and in vivo rat model. It could be demonstrated that in vitro proliferation, migration, and angiogenic abilities and genetic modifications of EPCs are controlled in a tumor-type-dependent manner. The proangiogenic effect of mammary carcinoma, osteosarcoma, and rhabdomyosarcoma cells was more pronounced compared to colon carcinoma cells. Coinjection of encapsulated tumor cells, especially mammary carcinoma cells, and EPCs in a rat model confirmed a contributing effect of EPCs in tumor vascularization. Cytokines secreted by tumors such as monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, macrophage inflammatory protein 2, and TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand play a pivotal role in the tumor cell-EPC interaction, leading to enhanced migration and angiogenesis. With the present study, we were able to decipher possible underlying mechanisms by which EPCs are stimulated by tumor cells and contribute to tumor vascularization. The present study will contribute to a better understanding of tumor-induced vascularization, thus facilitating the development of therapeutic strategies targeting tumor-EPC interactions.-An, R., Schmid, R., Klausing, A., Robering, J. W., Weber, M., B?uerle, T., Detsch, R., Boccaccini, A. R., Horch, R. E., Boos, A. M., Weigand, A. Proangiogenic effects of tumor cells on endothelial progenitor cells vary with tumor type in an in vitro and in vivo rat model.
|
['Animals', 'Cell Communication', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Cytokines', 'Endothelial Progenitor Cells', 'Male', 'Neoplasm Proteins', 'Neoplasms, Experimental', 'Neovascularization, Pathologic', 'Rats']
| 29,746,168
|
[['B01.050'], ['G04.085'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['D12.644.276.374', 'D12.776.467.374', 'D23.529.374'], ['A11.148.174', 'A11.436.275.182'], ['D12.776.624'], ['C04.619', 'E05.598.500.496'], ['C23.550.589.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The evolution of racial, ethnic, and gender diversity in US otolaryngology residency programs.
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OBJECTIVE: To examine the evolution of racial, ethnic, and gender diversity in US otolaryngology-head and neck surgery residency programs and compare these figures with other residency programs.DESIGN: Retrospective database review.SETTING: US residency programs.METHODS: Information concerning minority and female representation in US residency programs was obtained from annually published graduate medical education reports by the Journal of the American Medical Association from 1975 to 2010. Minority representation among US population and university students was obtained from the US Census Bureau. The racial, ethnic, and gender diversity of otolaryngology residents was then compared with other medical fields (general surgery, family medicine, and internal medicine).RESULTS: Underrepresentation in otolaryngology-head and neck surgery is particularly disconcerting for African Americans (-2.3%/y, P = .09) and Native Americans (1.5%/y, P = .11) given their nonsignificant annual growth rates. Hispanic representation (17.3%/y, P < .0001) is growing in otolaryngology but is half the rate of growth of the Hispanic American population (32.8%/y, P < .0001). There is nonetheless promise for women (70.6%/y, P < .0001) and Asian Americans (63.0%/y, P < .0001), who demonstrated statistically significant growth trends.CONCLUSION: To our knowledge, this is the first study to describe the evolution of female and minority representation among US otolaryngology residents. Despite increasing gender, ethnic, and racial diversity among medical residents in general, female and certain minority group representation in US otolaryngology residency programs is lagging. These findings are in contrast to rising trends of diversity within other residency programs including general surgery.
|
['Continental Population Groups', 'Cultural Diversity', 'Ethnic Groups', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Internship and Residency', 'Male', 'Otolaryngology', 'Sex Ratio', 'Students', 'United States']
| 23,585,153
|
[['M01.686.508'], ['I01.076.201.450.350', 'I01.880.853.100.450'], ['M01.686.754', 'N01.224.317'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['I02.358.337.350.500', 'I02.358.399.350.750'], ['H02.403.810.526'], ['G05.815', 'I01.240.800.815', 'N01.224.803.815', 'N06.850.505.400.850.815'], ['M01.848'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
The "learning curve" for retropubic mid-urethral sling procedures: a retrospective cohort study.
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INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS: Mid-urethral tape procedures brought a paradigm shift in surgery for stress incontinence; little research into the development and maintenance of surgical competence for the procedure exists. The hypothesis behind this study is that the "learning curve" for retropubic mid-urethral sling procedures, judged by the surrogate of bladder perforation, is longer than previously thought.METHODS: This was a retrospective single-centre database and case note review of retropubic mid-urethral tape procedures. Unadjusted rates of bladder perforation, operating time, postoperative voiding difficulty, tape extrusion, and patient reported outcome were calculated; progress was evaluated using the cumulative sum method. Outcomes were assessed for 1 consultant, 2 subspecialty trainees (fellows), 7 advanced training skills module (ATSM) trainees (senior residents) and 6 core specialty trainees (residents) in years 4-7 of training.RESULTS: A total of 1,568 women were identified as having mid-urethral tape procedures; 568 (36 %) had additional procedures concurrently; 259 (20 %) were secondary procedures. The overall perforation rate for individual surgeons varied between 0 and 31 % and averaged 10.3 % amongst the core and ATSM trainees (a mean of 11 procedures), 4.5 % amongst the subspecialty trainees (a mean of 66 procedures) and 1.3 % for the consultant (1,284 procedures). The number of perforations for individual surgeons peaked at between 10 and 30 procedures undertaken. The number of cases performed to reach a target level of ? 5 % perforations varied between 20 and 80.CONCLUSIONS: Whilst seductively simple in concept, mid-urethral tape procedures are not without risk; their inherently "blind" nature makes them difficult to teach. The "learning curve" to independent practice may be longer than previously considered.
|
['Clinical Competence', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Intraoperative Complications', 'Learning Curve', 'Operative Time', 'Patient Reported Outcome Measures', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Suburethral Slings', 'Urinary Bladder', 'Urinary Incontinence, Stress', 'Urinary Retention', 'Urologic Surgical Procedures']
| 26,431,842
|
[['I02.399.630.210', 'N04.761.210', 'N05.715.175'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C23.550.505'], ['F02.784.629.529.274'], ['E04.614.374.500', 'N02.421.585.753.374.500'], ['E05.318.308.980.344.500', 'N03.349.380.210.750', 'N04.761.559.590.399.875', 'N05.425.210.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.344.500', 'N05.715.360.575.575.399.875', 'N06.850.520.308.980.344.500'], ['C23.550.767'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E07.695.752'], ['A05.810.890'], ['C12.777.934.852.249', 'C13.351.968.934.814.500', 'C23.888.942.343.800.500'], ['C12.777.934.880', 'C13.351.968.934.880'], ['E04.950.774']]
|
['Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
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Expression of aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C1 (AKR1C1) gene in porcine ovary and uterine endometrium during the estrous cycle and pregnancy.
|
BACKGROUND: The aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C1 (AKR1C1) belongs to a superfamily of NADPH-dependent reductases that convert a wide range of substrates, including carbohydrates, steroid hormones, and endogenous prostaglandins. The 20 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (20 alpha-HSD) is a member of AKR family. The aims of this study were to determine its expression in the ovary and uterus endometrium during the estrous cycle and pregnancy.METHODS: Rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) experiments were performed to obtain the 5' and 3' ends of the porcine 20 alpha-HSD cDNA. Reverse-transcriptase-PCR (RT-PCR), real-time PCR, northern blot analysis, and western blot analysis were performed to examine the expression of porcine 20 alpha-HSD. Immunohistochemical analysis was also performed to determine the localization in the ovary.RESULTS: The porcine 20 alpha-HSD cDNA is 957 bp in length and encodes a protein of 319 amino acids. The cloned cDNA was virtually the same as the porcine AKR1C1 gene (337 amino acids) reported recently, and only differed in the C-terminal region (the AKR1C1 gene has a longer C-terminal region than our sequence). The 20 alpha-HSD gene (from now on referred to as AKR1C1) cloned in this paper encodes a deletion of 4 amino acids, compared with the C-terminal region of AKR1C1 genes from other animals. Porcine AKR1C1 mRNA was expressed on day 5, 10, 12, 15 of the cycle and 0-60 of pregnancy in the ovary. The mRNA was also specifically detected in the uterine endometrium on day 30 of pregnancy. Western blot analysis indicated that the pattern of AKR1C1 protein in the ovary during the estrous cycle and uterus during early pregnancy was similar to that of AKR1C1 mRNA expression. The recombinant protein produced in CHO cells was detected at approximately 37 kDa. Immunohistochemical analysis also revealed that pig AKR1C1 protein was localized in the large luteal cells in the early stages of the estrous cycle and before parturition.CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrated that AKR1C1 mRNA and protein are coordinately expressed in the luteal cell of ovary throughout the estrous cycle and in the uterus on day 30 of pregnancy. Thus, the porcine AKR1C1 gene might control important mechanisms during the estrous cycle.
|
['20-alpha-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase', 'Amino Acid Sequence', 'Animals', 'Cell Size', 'Codon, Terminator', 'Databases, Nucleic Acid', 'Endometrium', 'Estrous Cycle', 'Female', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic', 'Luteal Cells', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Molecular Weight', 'Ovary', 'Pregnancy', 'Pregnancy Proteins', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Recombinant Proteins', 'Sequence Alignment', 'Sequence Deletion', 'Sequence Homology, Amino Acid', 'Sus scrofa']
| 22,014,308
|
[['D08.811.682.047.150.700.156.937', 'D08.811.682.047.820.125.074', 'D08.811.682.047.820.284.750'], ['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['B01.050'], ['G04.325'], ['D13.444.735.544.355.250', 'G05.360.335.355.250', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.190.250'], ['L01.313.500.750.300.188.400.300.500', 'L01.313.500.750.300.188.400.325.630', 'L01.470.750.750.300.500', 'L01.470.750.750.325.630'], ['A05.360.319.679.490'], ['G08.686.195'], ['G05.308.320'], ['A05.360.319.114.630.278.400', 'A06.300.312.497.278.400', 'A11.382.921', 'A11.436.566'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G02.494'], ['A05.360.319.114.630', 'A05.360.576.497', 'A06.300.312.497'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['D12.776.780'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['D12.776.828'], ['E05.393.751'], ['G05.365.590.762', 'G05.558.800'], ['G02.111.810.200', 'G05.810.200'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.880.399']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
High-resolution confocal microscopy by saturated excitation of fluorescence.
|
We demonstrate the use of saturated excitation in confocal fluorescence microscopy to improve the spatial resolution. In the proposed technique, we modulate the excitation intensity temporally and detect the harmonic modulation of the fluorescence signal which is caused by the saturated excitation in the center of the laser focus. Theoretical and experimental investigations show that the demodulated fluorescence signal is nonlinearly proportional to the excitation intensity and contributes to improve the spatial resolution in three dimensions beyond the diffraction limit of light.
|
['Fluorescence', 'Microscopy, Confocal', 'Microscopy, Fluorescence']
| 18,233,334
|
[['G01.358.500.505.650.665.500', 'G01.590.540.665.500'], ['E01.370.350.515.395', 'E05.595.395'], ['E01.370.350.515.458', 'E05.595.458']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Effects of external pelvic compression on electromyographic activity of the hamstring muscles during unipedal stance in sportsmen with and without hamstring injuries.
|
There is some evidence that hamstring function can be influenced by interventions focusing on the pelvis via an anatomic and neurophysiologic link between these two segments. Previous research demonstrated increased electromyographic activity from injured hamstrings during transition from bipedal to unipedal stance (BUS). The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a pelvic compression belt (PCB) on electromyographic activity of selected muscles during BUS in sportsmen with and without hamstring injury. Electromyographic amplitudes (normalised to maximum voluntary isometric contraction [MVIC]) of the hamstrings, gluteus maximus, gluteus medius and lumbar multifidus were obtained during BUS from 20 hamstring-injured participants (both sides) and 30 healthy participants (one side, randomly selected). There was an increase in biceps femoris (by 1.23 ± 2.87 %MVIC; p = 0.027) and gluteus maximus (by 0.63 ± 1.13 %MVIC; p = 0.023) electromyographic activity for the hamstring-injured side but no significant differences other than a decrease in multifidus activity (by 1.36 ± 2.92 %MVIC; p = 0.023) were evident for healthy participants while wearing the PCB. However, the effect sizes for these findings were small. Wearing the PCB did not significantly change electromyographic activity of other muscles in either participant group (p > 0.050). Moreover, the magnitude of change induced by the PCB was not significantly different between groups (p > 0.050) for the investigated muscles. Thus, application of a PCB to decrease electromyographic activity of injured hamstrings during BUS is likely to have little effect. Similar research is warranted in participants with acute hamstring injury.
|
['Adult', 'Athletic Injuries', 'Biomechanical Phenomena', 'Buttocks', 'Cross-Over Studies', 'Electromyography', 'Hamstring Muscles', 'Humans', 'Injury Severity Score', 'Isometric Contraction', 'Male', 'Muscle Contraction', 'Postural Balance', 'Reference Values', 'Stress, Mechanical', 'Young Adult']
| 25,466,292
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['C26.115'], ['G01.154.090', 'G01.374.089'], ['A01.378.610.100'], ['E05.318.370.150', 'N05.715.360.325.150', 'N06.850.520.445.150'], ['E01.370.405.255', 'E01.370.530.255'], ['A02.633.567.450', 'A10.690.552.500.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.940.968.875.500', 'E05.944.600', 'N04.452.859.564.800.500', 'N05.715.360.300.715.500.800.400'], ['G11.427.494.472'], ['G11.427.494'], ['F02.830.816.541.752', 'G07.888.750.500', 'G11.427.690', 'G11.561.790.541.595'], ['E05.978.810'], ['G01.374.835'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Delayed (14-30 Days) Percutaneous Repair of Achilles Tendon Ruptures Offers Equally Good Results As Compared With Acute Repair.
|
BACKGROUND: Minimally invasive repair of acute Achilles tendon ruptures has been performed for several years, resulting in reduced morbidity as compared with open repair.HYPOTHESIS: A minimally invasive technique can be used to manage Achilles tendon ruptures in patients presenting between 14 and 30 days from injury.STUDY DESIGN: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.METHODS: We prospectively recruited 21 consecutive patients who presented between 14 and 30 days after the index injury, and we compared them with 21 patients who were matched according to sex, age (±2 years), and level of activity, who presented within 14 days of the index injury. All patients underwent the same minimally invasive procedure under local anesthesia: a core suture repair consisting of a modified Bunnell suture in the proximal stump and a modified Kessler suture in the distal stump.RESULTS: At 12 months after minimally invasive repair, patients with delayed treatment had a median Achilles tendon rupture score of 91 (SD, 2.4; range, 87-96) as compared with 91 (SD, 2.2; range, 86-96) in patients treated acutely, who presented at a median 2.4 days (range 1-6 days) from the injury. There were no significant differences between groups in terms of mean (SD) Achilles tendon resting angle: delayed repair group, -3.9° (2.0); acute repair group, -3.7° (1.9) (P = .69). No patient in either group developed a wound infection. One patient in the acute group experienced an iatrogenic sural nerve injury.CONCLUSION: Patients with Achilles tendon rupture treated by percutaneous repair 14 to 30 days after injury achieved similar results at 1 year as patient treated <14 after injury.
|
['Achilles Tendon', 'Cohort Studies', 'Humans', 'Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures', 'Rupture', 'Suture Techniques', 'Tendon Injuries', 'Time-to-Treatment', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 32,176,527
|
[['A02.880.176'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E04.502'], ['C26.761'], ['E04.987.775'], ['C26.874'], ['E02.760.928', 'N02.421.585.928'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Metabolomic differentiation of deer antlers of various origins by 1H NMR spectrometry and principal components analysis.
|
The metabolomic analysis of various types of deer antler was performed by 1H NMR spectrometry and principal components analysis (PCA). The PCA of the 1H NMR spectra of the aqueous fractions allowed a clear discrimination between antler samples according to their origins by the first three principal components (PC1, PC2, and PC3), which cumulatively accounted for 93.5% of the variation in all variables. In particular, the score plots by the combination of PC1 and PC3 allowed an excellent separation of the antler samples. In addition, the major peaks in 1H NMR spectra contributing to the discrimination were assigned to lactate, alanine, acetic acid, choline, glycine, valine, tyrosine, and phenylalanine. This metabolomic-analysis-based method allows various types of deer antler to be efficiently differentiated without any pre-purification steps.
|
['Animals', 'Antlers', 'Deer', 'Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy', 'Protons']
| 16,495,028
|
[['B01.050'], ['A13.507.288'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.373'], ['E05.196.867.519'], ['D01.248.497.300.459.700', 'D01.268.406.750', 'D01.362.340.750', 'G01.249.660.500']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Expression analysis of genes involved in oxaliplatin response and development of oxaliplatin-resistant HT29 colon cancer cells.
|
The interrelationship between platinum resistance and clinical response is not well established. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the expression of 14 genes involved in platinum resistance in a colon cancer cell line (HT29) and its oxaliplatin (OXA)-resistant sublines. Resistant cells exhibited lower expression of many of these genes suggesting that several pathways may be implicated in OXA resistance. Particularly, OXA resistance is accompanied by defects in drug uptake (downregulation of the hCTR1 transporter) and enhanced DNA repair (upregulation of the XPD gene). Our data also confirmed that copper transporters and chaperones are involved in OXA resistance in colorectal cancer cells as evidenced by the overexpression of ATP7A and CCS in response to OXA exposure. Moreover, increased CCS expression suggests a role for SOD1 in OXA detoxification. Whereas exposure to OXA in HT29 induced significant changes in expression of many of the genes analyzed, only ATP7A, XPD and SRPK1 gene expression was increased in OXA-treated HTOXAR3 resistant cells. To our knowledge, this is the first report of implicating SRPK1 in OXA resistance. This study provides the basis for further evaluation of these putative markers of OXA response and resistance in colorectal cancer patients who are candidates for treatment with OXA.
|
['Adenosine Triphosphatases', 'Antineoplastic Agents', 'Cation Transport Proteins', 'Cell Survival', 'Cisplatin', 'Colonic Neoplasms', 'Copper Sulfate', 'Copper-Transporting ATPases', 'DNA Repair Enzymes', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Drug Resistance, Neoplasm', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic', 'Glutathione S-Transferase pi', 'HT29 Cells', 'Humans', 'Inhibitory Concentration 50', 'Organoplatinum Compounds', 'Oxaliplatin', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Tumor Stem Cell Assay']
| 16,773,204
|
[['D08.811.277.040.025'], ['D27.505.954.248'], ['D12.776.157.530.450.250', 'D12.776.543.585.450.250'], ['G04.346'], ['D01.210.375', 'D01.625.125', 'D01.710.100'], ['C04.588.274.476.411.307.180', 'C06.301.371.411.307.180', 'C06.405.249.411.307.180', 'C06.405.469.158.356.180', 'C06.405.469.491.307.180'], ['D01.875.800.800.850.150'], ['D08.811.277.040.025.314.500', 'D12.776.157.530.450.250.578.750', 'D12.776.157.530.813.500', 'D12.776.543.585.450.250.578.750', 'D12.776.543.585.813.500'], ['D08.811.074'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['G07.690.773.984.395'], ['G05.308.370'], ['D08.811.913.225.500.500'], ['A11.251.210.190.475', 'A11.251.860.180.475', 'A11.436.365'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.940.350', 'G07.690.936.563'], ['D02.691.788'], ['D02.257.750'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['E01.370.225.500.383.910', 'E01.370.225.500.388.930', 'E05.200.500.383.910', 'E05.200.500.388.930', 'E05.242.383.910', 'E05.242.417.500', 'E05.337.550.200.800']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Immunocytochemical reactivity of rod and cone visual pigments in the sturgeon retina.
|
Microspectrophotometry and immunocytochemistry with several antivisual pigment antibodies were used to study visual cells of the Siberian sturgeon, Acipenser baeri Brandt. The retina contained rods and three morphological types of cones: large cones with oil drops, small cones with oil drops, and cone-like cells without oil drops. Rods and cone-like drop-free cells were found to possess porphyropsin-549, while the large oil drop-bearing cones contained red-sensitive (P613), green-sensitive (P542), and blue-sensitive (P462) visual pigments. The immunocytochemical staining pattern with three antibodies to visual pigment proteins also revealed one visual pigment in rods and three visual pigments in cones. Rods were labeled with all three antibodies, while the majority of large cones (type I), presumably the red-sensitive ones, were negative with the polyclonal serum AO against bovine opsin. A less-frequently occurring large cone type (type II) was stained by all three antibodies including mAb COS-1 specific to middle-to-long-wave visual pigments in birds and mammals, and is thought to be green-sensitive. An even less-frequent large cone type (type III, probably the blue-sensitive one) did not bind COS-1. The small cones with oil droplets showed immunoreactivities similar to either type II or type III cones. The oil drop-free small photoreceptor exhibited a staining pattern identical with that of rods. These results indicate that the immunocytochemical approach can be used to reveal photoreceptor-specific neural connections in the sturgeon retina.
|
['Animals', 'Antibodies, Monoclonal', 'Eye Proteins', 'Fishes', 'Immunoenzyme Techniques', 'Neural Pathways', 'Photoreceptor Cells', 'Retina', 'Retinal Pigments', 'Rod Opsins', 'Spectrophotometry']
| 1,534,023
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224'], ['D12.776.306'], ['B01.050.150.900.493'], ['E05.478.566.350', 'E05.478.583.400', 'E05.601.470.350'], ['A08.612'], ['A08.675.650.850.625', 'A08.675.650.915.937', 'A08.800.950.937', 'A09.371.729.831.625', 'A11.671.650.850.625', 'A11.671.650.915.937'], ['A09.371.729'], ['D23.767.930'], ['D12.776.306.466.500', 'D23.767.930.750.500'], ['E05.196.712.726', 'E05.196.867.826']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Conserved and novel functions of programmed cellular senescence during vertebrate development.
|
Cellular senescence, a form of stable cell cycle arrest that is traditionally associated with tumour suppression, has been recently found to occur during mammalian development. Here, we show that cell senescence is an intrinsic part of the developmental programme in amphibians. Programmed senescence occurs in specific structures during defined time windows during amphibian development. It contributes to the physiological degeneration of the amphibian pronephros and to the development of the cement gland and oral cavity. In both contexts, senescence depends on TGFâ but is independent of ERK/MAPK activation. Furthermore, elimination of senescent cells through temporary TGFâ inhibition leads to developmental defects. Our findings uncover conserved and new roles of senescence in vertebrate organogenesis and support the view that cellular senescence may have arisen in evolution as a developmental mechanism.
|
['Ambystoma mexicanum', 'Amphibians', 'Animals', 'Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins', 'Cellular Senescence', 'Embryo, Nonmammalian', 'Embryonic Development', 'Kidney', 'Organogenesis', 'Transforming Growth Factor beta', 'Vertebrates', 'Xenopus laevis']
| 27,888,193
|
[['B01.050.150.900.090.608.080.068.525'], ['B01.050.150.900.090'], ['B01.050'], ['D12.644.360.075', 'D12.776.476.075'], ['G04.043'], ['A13.350', 'A16.331'], ['G07.345.500.325.180', 'G08.686.784.170.104'], ['A05.810.453'], ['G07.345.500.325.377', 'G08.686.784.170.450'], ['D12.644.276.374.687', 'D12.644.276.954.775', 'D12.776.467.374.687', 'D12.776.467.942.775', 'D23.529.374.687', 'D23.529.942.775'], ['B01.050.150.900'], ['B01.050.150.900.090.180.610.500.562']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Serotonin syndrome caused by overdose with paroxetine and moclobemide.
|
Well known clinical syndromes can be produced by overdose with more commonly ingested substances such as opiates or tricyclic antidepressants. A case of a much more unusual syndrome presenting to the accident and emergency department resulting from overdose with a combination of tablets is reported. The clinical presentation of serotonin syndrome and its management are described. This resulted from acute ingestion of paroxetine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, and moclobemide, a monoamine oxidase inhibitor.
|
['Adult', 'Benzamides', 'Disease-Free Survival', 'Drug Overdose', 'Emergency Treatment', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Moclobemide', 'Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors', 'Paroxetine', 'Serotonin Syndrome', 'Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors', 'Suicide, Attempted']
| 10,417,944
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D02.065.277', 'D02.241.223.100.100', 'D02.455.426.559.389.127.085'], ['E01.789.800.190', 'E05.318.740.998.300', 'N04.761.559.590.800.190', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800.190', 'N05.715.360.750.795.300', 'N06.850.520.830.998.300'], ['C25.775.383', 'E02.319.306.500.500'], ['E02.365'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D02.065.277.600', 'D02.241.223.100.100.600', 'D02.241.223.100.200.875', 'D02.455.426.559.389.127.085.600', 'D02.455.426.559.389.127.250.875'], ['D27.505.519.389.616'], ['D03.383.621.600'], ['C25.100.875'], ['D27.505.519.562.437.850', 'D27.505.519.625.600.850', 'D27.505.519.625.850.900', 'D27.505.696.577.600.850', 'D27.505.696.577.850.900'], ['F01.145.126.980.875.600', 'I01.880.735.856.600']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
No major effect of estrogen receptor beta gene RsaI polymorphism on bone mineral density and response to alendronate therapy in postmenopausal osteoporosis.
|
Genetic factors play an important role in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis. The genes involved are, however, still largely unknown. In the present study, we have investigated whether sequence variations in the estrogen receptor beta (ERbeta) gene are associated with bone mineral density (BMD) and biochemical markers of bone turnover in 79 Slovenian postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. We also assessed the response by BMD and bone markers to antiresorptive therapy with bisphosphonate alendronate. All eight exons of ERbeta gene were amplified by polymerase chain reaction and screened for mutations by single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis. Potentially mutated samples were found only in exon 5 and sequence analysis identified the presence of a silent mutation in codon 328 with a nucleotide substitution GTG to GTA. For easier detection of this silent mutation, the RsaI restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis was developed. The frequencies of genotypes were as follows: Rr 5.1% and RR 94.9%. Between both genotypes, no significant differences in baseline lumbar spine and femoral neck BMD or in bone markers osteocalcin and deoxypyridinoline were observed. Similarly, no significant difference between RR and Rr genotypes in BMD or bone markers after 1 year of therapy was found. The increase in lumbar spine BMD after therapy was the only parameter that approached statistical significance (P=0.099). Patients with genotype Rr showed a smaller increase compared to those with RR. Our results suggest that RsaI polymorphism of ERbeta gene is probably not an important genetic determinant of BMD and does not significantly influence the responsiveness to alendronate therapy.
|
['Adult', 'Alendronate', 'Amino Acids', 'Base Sequence', 'Bone Density', 'DNA Primers', 'Deoxyribonucleases, Type II Site-Specific', 'Estrogen Receptor beta', 'Female', 'Genotype', 'Humans', 'Middle Aged', 'Osteocalcin', 'Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Polymorphism, Genetic', 'Receptors, Estrogen', 'Restriction Mapping']
| 12,137,804
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D02.705.429.500.100'], ['D12.125'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['G11.427.100'], ['D13.695.578.424.450.275', 'D27.720.470.530.600.223.600'], ['D08.811.150.280.260', 'D08.811.277.352.335.350.300.260', 'D08.811.277.352.355.325.300.260'], ['D12.776.826.750.350.262'], ['G05.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D12.776.157.125.700'], ['C05.116.198.579.610', 'C18.452.104.579.610'], ['E05.393.620.500'], ['G05.365.795'], ['D12.776.826.750.350', 'D12.776.930.778.350'], ['E05.393.183.620.650', 'E05.393.712']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Cognitive and magnetic resonance imaging brain morphometric correlates of brain-derived neurotrophic factor Val66Met gene polymorphism in patients with schizophrenia and healthy volunteers.
|
CONTEXT: Relatively little is known about genetic determinants of cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia. Recent studies suggest that a brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) prodomain single nucleotide polymorphism resulting in a valine (Val)-to-methionine (Met) substitution is associated with impaired declarative memory in healthy volunteers and patients with schizophrenia. These studies indicate that the BDNF(Met) variant may mediate hippocampal cognitive functions by modulating intracellular trafficking and activity-dependent BDNF release. To our knowledge, the way in which this functional single nucleotide polymorphism affects other neurocognitive measures has not been examined. Its role in determining cognitive deficits in schizophrenia has also not been systematically studied.OBJECTIVES: To characterize the neurocognitive and brain morphometric phenotypic correlates of the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism and to test the specificity of the BDNF(Met) variant on cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia.DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: A comprehensive battery of standardized neuropsychological tests was administered to 144 healthy volunteers and 293 patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorder at a tertiary care university hospital. Approximately two thirds of the sample also underwent high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging brain scans.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Genotype effects (in Met allele carriers vs Val homozygotes) on 5 cognitive domain z scores and magnetic resonance imaging gray matter brain volume measures (Talairach atlas-based cerebral lobes and optimized voxel-based morphometry) were examined using general linear models.RESULTS: On verbal memory, there was a significant genotype effect but no genotype x diagnosis effects. In both patients with schizophrenia and healthy volunteers, Met allele carriers had poorer verbal memory performance than their Val-homozygous counterparts. On visuospatial abilities, there were significant genotype and genotype x diagnosis effects. Met allele-associated visuospatial impairment was specific to patients with schizophrenia but not healthy volunteers. There were significant genotype effects on gray matter volumes within brain regions known to subserve these 2 cognitive domains, with Met allele carriers having smaller temporal and occipital lobar gray matter volumes. Optimized voxel-based morphometry further suggests that parietal heteromodal cortical gray matter deficits may underlie visuospatial impairment in patients with schizophrenia carrying the Met allele.CONCLUSIONS: We replicated the association between the BDNF(Met) variant and poor medial temporal lobe-related memory performance. The consonance of our cognitive and brain morphology findings further suggests that the BDNF(Met) variant may have a specific role in conferring visuospatial dysfunction in schizophrenia.
|
['Adult', 'Brain', 'Brain Mapping', 'Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor', 'Cognition Disorders', 'Female', 'Genetic Variation', 'Genotype', 'Hippocampus', 'Humans', 'Image Processing, Computer-Assisted', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Methionine', 'Neuropsychological Tests', 'Polymorphism, Genetic', 'Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide', 'Schizophrenia', 'Schizophrenic Psychology', 'Temporal Lobe', 'Valine']
| 16,818,862
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['A08.186.211'], ['E01.370.350.578.875.500', 'E01.370.376.537.625.500', 'E05.629.875.500'], ['D12.644.276.860.100', 'D12.776.467.860.100', 'D12.776.631.600.100', 'D23.529.850.100'], ['F03.615.250'], ['G05.365'], ['G05.380'], ['A08.186.211.180.405', 'A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.345'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.224.308'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['D02.886.030.676', 'D12.125.142.557', 'D12.125.154.549', 'D12.125.166.676'], ['F04.711.513'], ['G05.365.795'], ['G05.365.795.598'], ['F03.700.750'], ['F04.824'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.863'], ['D12.125.070.950', 'D12.125.142.930']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Intracellular assembly and transport of endogenous peptide-MHC class II complexes.
|
To define the intracellular site of assembly of endogenous peptide-MHC class II complexes, an immunochemical approach was undertaken employing a monoclonal antibody specific for an endogenous peptide-class II complex in combination with subcellular fractionation. Here, we show that newly synthesized MHC class II molecules, upon exit from the Golgi, are delivered into a dense endocytic compartment (MIIC) distinct from late endosomes and lysosomes. Endogenous peptide-class II complexes are initially formed in this compartment and subsequently traffic through late endosomal vesicles prior to cell surface expression. Exogenous antigen delivered via immunoglobulin receptors is targeted to MIIC en route to lysosomes after passing through early and late endosomes. Processing of an endocytosed antigen was observed in this compartment. Our results suggest a specific role for MIIC in the processing of endogenous and exogenous proteins as well as the assembly of peptide-MHC class II complexes.
|
['Animals', 'Antibodies, Monoclonal', 'Antigen Presentation', 'Antigen-Presenting Cells', 'Cell Compartmentation', 'Cell Fractionation', 'Cell Line', 'Cell Membrane', 'Endosomes', 'Flow Cytometry', 'Histocompatibility Antigens Class II', 'Kinetics', 'Lysosomes', 'Mice', 'Models, Immunological', 'Peptides', 'Precipitin Tests', 'Time Factors']
| 7,600,287
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224'], ['G12.119', 'G12.450.050.400.070'], ['A11.066', 'A15.382.066'], ['G04.128'], ['E05.242.251'], ['A11.251.210'], ['A11.284.149'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.190.880.337'], ['E01.370.225.500.363.342', 'E01.370.225.500.386.350', 'E05.196.712.516.600.240.350', 'E05.200.500.363.342', 'E05.200.500.386.350', 'E05.242.363.342', 'E05.242.386.350'], ['D12.776.395.550.509', 'D12.776.543.550.440', 'D23.050.301.500.400', 'D23.050.705.552.410'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.190.550'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['E05.599.395.500'], ['D12.644'], ['E01.370.225.812.735.645', 'E05.196.150.639.500', 'E05.200.812.735.645', 'E05.478.594.760.645', 'E05.478.605.492'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Using Veronikis ligature carrier to simplify transvaginal sacrospinous colpopexy.
|
BACKGROUND: Pelvic organ prolapse is a common problem in women and often requires surgical management. Sacrospinous colpopexy (SSC) requires significant expertise, especially in placement of the suture into sacrospinous ligament (SSL).METHODS: Veronikis ligature carrier (VLC) designed for SSC was used to facilitate suture placement and retrieval under direct visualization within the confines of the pararectal space. From December 2003 through March 2004, SSC was performed in 20 patients with VLC as part of their site-specific reconstructive pelvic surgery (group A). The historic control group (group B) included 15 patients who underwent SSC with a straight needle holder between March 1999 and March 2001.RESULTS: There was no significant difference in age, gravity, parity, body mass index, blood loss, and hospital stay in both groups with the diagnosis of uterovaginal prolapse or posthysterectomy vaginal vault prolapse. The median operation time for group A and group B was 35 min (range 25-40 min) and 75 min (range 45-128 min), respectively (P<0.001). It took less than 5 min to introduce two sutures through the SSL by VLC in group A but 20-40 min by straight needle holder in group B. There was no injury to the bladder, rectum, pudendal nerve, or major pelvic vessels.CONCLUSIONS: VLC allows rapid and safe introduction of the suspending suture through the SSL and makes SSC easy to perform.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Colposcopy', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Ligation', 'Middle Aged', 'Suture Techniques', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Uterine Prolapse', 'Vagina']
| 16,752,266
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['E01.370.378.150', 'E01.370.388.250.150', 'E04.502.250.150', 'E04.520.150', 'E04.950.300.210'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E04.426'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E04.987.775'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['C13.351.500.852.833', 'C23.300.842.624.750'], ['A05.360.319.779']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Enhancing safety in behavioral emergency situations.
|
The implementation of a behavioral emergency response team (BERT) at a large midwestern health care organization is described. The BERT is a resource supporting nurses and other health care staff in managing behavioral emergencies. The Joint Commission (2010) reported an increasing rate of violence by patients toward health care staff, reinforcing a need for the BERT. No published reports were found in the literature of a BERT utilizing multidisciplinary mental health experts and security officers as responders. Development strategies, response data, and outcomes of this successful initiative are highlighted.
|
['Emergencies', 'Humans', 'Mental Disorders', 'Nursing Care', 'Occupational Health', 'Psychiatric Nursing', 'Violence', 'Workplace']
| 23,477,025
|
[['C23.550.291.781', 'N06.230.100.083', 'N06.850.376'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F03'], ['E02.760.611', 'N02.421.533'], ['N01.400.525'], ['H02.478.676.710', 'N02.421.533.778'], ['I01.198.240.856', 'I01.880.735.900'], ['N01.824.245.925', 'N04.452.677.975']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Profound Finger Extension Weakness 21 Years After a Traumatic Lumbar Spine Pseudomeningocele.
|
BACKGROUND: We present a case report of traumatic pseudomeningocele and a review of the literature and discussion of the neuro-cytoarchitecture to address the disproportionate weakness of extensor neurons seen in the case.CASE DESCRIPTION: A 42-year old man developed profound hand weakness 21 years after a lumbar spinal fracture. An examination revealed bilateral hand weakness affecting the extensors of the hands. Imaging studies revealed an extensive ventral epidural pseudomeningocele extending from the area of the lumbar spinal fracture to the cervical spine posteriorly displacing the spinal cord and the ventral motor roots.CONCLUSIONS: The patient was successfully treated with a subarachnoid-peritoneal shunt, which completely resolved the epidural pseudomeningocele and resulted in improvement but not resolution of his neurologic deficits.
|
['Adult', 'Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunts', 'Epidural Space', 'Fingers', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Lumbar Vertebrae', 'Male', 'Meningocele', 'Muscle Weakness', 'Peritoneum', 'Spinal Fractures', 'Subarachnoid Space']
| 30,165,213
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E04.035.188', 'E04.525.170'], ['A02.835.232.834.803.350'], ['A01.378.800.667.430'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A02.835.232.834.519'], ['C10.500.680.598', 'C16.131.666.680.598', 'C23.300.707.968'], ['C05.651.515', 'C10.597.613.593', 'C23.550.695', 'C23.888.592.608.593'], ['A01.923.047.025.600', 'A10.615.789.596'], ['C26.117.500.500', 'C26.404.812'], ['A08.186.566.166.686']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Medical cannabis: An oxymoron? Physicians' perceptions of medical cannabis.
|
BACKGROUND: Medical cannabis policies are changing in many places around the world, and physicians play a major role in the implementation of these policies. The aim of this study was to gain a deeper understanding of physicians' views on medical cannabis and its possible integration into their clinic, as well as to identify potential underlying factors that influence these perceptions.METHODS: Qualitative narrative analysis of in-depth interviews with twenty-four Israeli physicians from three specialties (pain medicine, oncology and family medicine).FINDINGS: Physicians disclosed contrasting narratives of cannabis, presenting it as both a medicine and a non-medicine. These divergent positions co-existed and were intertwined in physicians' accounts. When presenting cannabis as a non-medicine, physicians drew on conventional medicine and prohibition as narrative environments. They emphasized the incongruence of cannabis with standards of biomedicine and presented cannabis as an addictive drug of abuse. In contrast, physicians drew upon unconventional medicine and palliative care as narrative environments while presenting cannabis as a medicine. In this narrative, physicians emphasized positive hands-on experiences with cannabis, and pointed to the limits of conventional medicine.CONCLUSION: Physicians did not have a consolidated perspective as to whether cannabis is a medicine or not, but rather struggled with this question. The dualistic narratives of cannabis reflect the lack of a dominant narrative environment that supports the integration of cannabis into medical practice. This may in turn indicate barriers to the implementation of medical cannabis policies. An awareness of physicians' views and the different levels of their willingness to implement medical cannabis policies is essential for policy developments in this evolving field.
|
['Attitude of Health Personnel', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Medical Marijuana', 'Narration', 'Physicians', 'Qualitative Research']
| 29,653,439
|
[['F01.100.050', 'N05.300.100'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D26.528'], ['E05.318.308.502', 'F01.145.209.459', 'L01.399.250.660', 'N05.715.360.300.480', 'N06.850.520.308.502'], ['M01.526.485.810', 'N02.360.810'], ['H01.770.644.241.850']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Ten-Year Trend in Women's Reasons for Abstaining or Limiting Drinking: The 2000 and 2010 United States National Alcohol Surveys.
|
BACKGROUND: Data on individual and cultural factors contributing to drinking can inform screening and brief intervention in clinical practice. Our aims were to examine 10-year trends in women's reasons for abstaining/limiting drinking and to document changes in associations with drinking status for population subgroups defined by race/ethnicity and age.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Using repeated cross-sectional data from White, Black and Hispanic women in the 2000 and 2010 United States National Alcohol Surveys (combined N = 5501), population-weighted multiple linear and multinomial logistic regression models assessed changes in three reasons for abstaining or limiting drinking (health concerns, religious prohibition, and upsetting family or friends) and drinking status (past-year abstainer, low-risk drinker, or at-risk drinker), and their associations over time.RESULTS: Adjusting for key demographics, reasons for limiting alcohol consumption declined in importance over time, with reductions in both health concerns and religious prohibition particularly noteworthy for older women of all three racial/ethnic backgrounds. Despite these reductions in importance, both health concerns and religious prohibition were most consistently associated with increased abstinence relative to low-risk drinking; these reasons were not strongly associated with at-risk drinking, however.CONCLUSIONS: It is essential for healthcare providers and others to disseminate accurate information about the risks of drinking to counter cultural shifts that suggest greater acceptance of moderate-to-heavy drinking by women aged 40 and older.
|
['Adult', 'African Americans', 'Age Factors', 'Alcohol Drinking', 'Attitude to Health', 'Continental Population Groups', 'Cultural Characteristics', 'European Continental Ancestry Group', 'Female', 'Hispanic Americans', 'Humans', 'Logistic Models', 'Middle Aged', 'Religion', 'United States']
| 29,634,451
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.686.508.100.100', 'M01.686.754.100'], ['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['F01.145.317.269'], ['F01.100.150', 'N05.300.150'], ['M01.686.508'], ['I01.076.201.450.324', 'I01.880.853.100.329'], ['M01.686.508.400'], ['M01.686.754.441'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.740.500.525', 'E05.318.740.600.800.450', 'E05.318.740.750.450', 'E05.599.835.875', 'N05.715.360.750.530.480', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.450', 'N05.715.360.750.695.470', 'N06.850.520.830.500.525', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.450', 'N06.850.520.830.750.450'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['K01.844'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Synthesis and Topoisomerase I inhibitory properties of klavuzon derivatives.
|
Klavuzon is a naphthalen-1-yl substituted á,â-unsaturated ä-lactone derivative, and is one of the anti-proliferative members of this class of compounds. Asymmetric and racemic syntheses of novel á,â-unsaturated ä-lactone derivatives are important to investigate their potential for the treatment of cancer. In this study, asymmetric and racemic syntheses of heteroatom-substituted klavuzon derivatives are reported. The syntheses were completed by a well-known three-step procedure. Anti-proliferative activity of seven novel racemic klavuzon derivatives were reported against MCF-7, PC3, HCT116 p53+/+ and HCT116 p53-/- cancer cell lines. Topoisomerase I inhibitory properties of 5,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-2-one derivatives were also studied.
|
['Antineoplastic Agents', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Cell Proliferation', 'DNA Topoisomerases, Type I', 'Humans', 'Lactones', 'Neoplasms', 'Structure-Activity Relationship', 'Topoisomerase I Inhibitors']
| 28,242,062
|
[['D27.505.954.248'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['D08.811.399.403.483', 'D12.776.157.687.375', 'D12.776.660.720.375'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D02.540'], ['C04'], ['G02.111.830', 'G07.690.773.997'], ['D27.505.519.389.892.500', 'D27.505.954.248.794.500']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Transcranial Doppler sonography as a diagnostic tool in vascular dementia.
|
Transcranial Doppler monitoring of the flow velocity at the level of the middle cerebral artery was performed in 40 demented patients, 20 with multi-infarct dementia (MID) and 20 with senile dementia of the Alzheimer type (SDAT), and in 25 age-matched controls. The following conditions were evaluated: (1) rest; (2) 60 s hyperventilation; (3) longest possible apnea, and (4) 5 min closed-circuit air rebreathing. We also measured: PaCO2 levels at rest and under stimulus conditions; mean flow velocity and pulsatility index (PI) at rest, and percentage velocity variations. The PIs were higher and the velocity decrease during hyperventilation was lower in all demented patients than in the healthy group; no side-related asymmetry in rest values or in vasomotor responses to CO2 changes was regularly detected in any group. On the contrary, rest flow velocities and vasomotor responses to hypercapnia induced by both apnea and rebreathing tests proved to be lower in MID patients than in SDAT and healthy groups. These alterations were neither exclusive to MID patients nor homogeneous, therefore some caution should be taken when evaluating single cases.
|
['Aged', 'Alzheimer Disease', 'Cerebrovascular Circulation', 'Dementia, Vascular', 'Humans', 'Middle Aged', 'Ultrasonography']
| 2,187,699
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['C10.228.140.380.100', 'C10.574.945.249', 'F03.615.400.100'], ['G09.330.100.159'], ['C10.228.140.300.400', 'C10.228.140.300.510.800.500', 'C10.228.140.380.230', 'C10.228.140.695.500', 'C14.907.137.126.372.500', 'C14.907.253.560.350.500', 'F03.615.400.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.370.350.850']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Post-traumatic stress disorder and functioning and quality of life outcomes in female Vietnam veterans.
|
OBJECTIVE: This investigation assessed whether current post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) was associated with impaired functioning in a nationally representative sample of female Vietnam veterans.METHODS: Logistic models were used to determine the association between PTSD and outcome while adjusting for demographic characteristics and medical and psychiatric co-morbidities.RESULTS: PTSD was associated with significantly elevated odds of poorer functioning in five of the six outcome domains; only the association between perpetration of violence in the past year and PTSD did not achieve statistical significance. After adjusting for demographics and medical and psychiatric co-morbidities, PTSD remained associated with significantly elevated odds of bed days, poorer physical health, and currently not working.CONCLUSIONS: Among female Vietnam veterans PTSD is associated with a broad profile of functional impairment. The significantly increased odds of impaired functioning and diminished quality of life suggest that PTSD may be the core problem of the set of problems afflicting female Vietnam veterans.
|
['Activities of Daily Living', 'Adult', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Logistic Models', 'Male', 'Odds Ratio', 'Quality of Life', 'Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'United States', 'Veterans', 'Vietnam', "Women's Health"]
| 9,339,077
|
[['E02.760.169.063.500.067', 'E02.831.067', 'I03.050', 'N02.421.784.110'], ['M01.060.116'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.740.500.525', 'E05.318.740.600.800.450', 'E05.318.740.750.450', 'E05.599.835.875', 'N05.715.360.750.530.480', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.450', 'N05.715.360.750.695.470', 'N06.850.520.830.500.525', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.450', 'N06.850.520.830.750.450'], ['E05.318.740.600.600', 'G17.680.500', 'N05.715.360.750.625.590', 'N06.850.520.830.600.600'], ['I01.800', 'K01.752.400.750', 'N06.850.505.400.425.837'], ['F03.950.750.500'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['Z01.107.567.875'], ['M01.930'], ['Z01.252.145.945'], ['N01.400.900']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Estrogen binding sites in hamster white adipose tissue: sex- and site-related variations; modulation by testosterone.
|
Estrogen binding sites (ER) were studied, using 17 beta-[3H]estradiol as the ligand, in epididymal or parametrial and subcutaneous adipose tissues of male and female hamsters. Compared with other mammalian fat deposits, intact male and female hamsters possess abundant estrogen binding sites with moderate affinity for estradiol and which occur as a single class of receptor in males but as two populations in females. The levels of estrogen receptors depend on both sex and tissue localization. In males, receptor densities are higher in both localizations when compared to those of females and ER are more abundant in superficial adipose deposits than in the deep fat tissue. In females, there are two estrogen binding populations; the one with the highest affinity is similar to the classical estrogen receptor and both populations are more abundant in deep fat than in subcutaneous deposits, in contrast to male hamsters. These characteristics depend on androgen status: in male adipose tissues, testosterone (TP) up-regulates the ER levels. Conversely, in female fat deposits, TP down-regulates the highest affinity estrogen receptors and the lowest affinity population disappears. Binding affinities are never affected by testosterone. These results suggest that, in hamster adipose tissue, estrogen receptors exhibit site- and sex-related differences, as previously described for androgen receptors. Furthermore, estrogen receptor expression is modulated by the androgen status, depending on gender, which could be related to some physiological situations observed in the hamster.
|
['Adipose Tissue', 'Animals', 'Binding Sites', 'Binding, Competitive', 'Carrier Proteins', 'Cricetinae', 'Cytosol', 'Female', 'Immunoassay', 'Indicators and Reagents', 'Kinetics', 'Male', 'Mesocricetus', 'Organ Specificity', 'Receptors, Estrogen', 'Sex Characteristics', 'Testosterone', 'Up-Regulation']
| 8,582,599
|
[['A10.165.114'], ['B01.050'], ['G02.111.570.120'], ['E05.196.080', 'G02.111.084', 'G02.111.570.120.309'], ['D12.776.157'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.075.250'], ['A11.284.430.214.200', 'A11.284.430.429.200', 'A11.284.835.450.200'], ['E05.478.566', 'E05.601.470'], ['D27.720.470.410'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.075.250.500'], ['G07.650'], ['D12.776.826.750.350', 'D12.776.930.778.350'], ['G08.686.815'], ['D04.210.500.054.079.429.824', 'D06.472.334.851.968.984'], ['G02.111.905', 'G05.308.850', 'G07.690.773.998']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Evaluation of early MR imaging of the liver in rabbits after ethanol injection].
|
Seven days after ethanol injection, MR images of the liver in 5 rabbits were evaluated by T1, T2-weighted SE and TURBO-FLASH dynamic images. Necrotic area was visualized as low-intensity on T1-weighted images and high-intensity on T2-weighted images. These findings were similar to the tumor that was not treated, so it is necessary to be careful for evaluation of therapeutic efficacy. Necrotic area was not meanwhile enhanced on TURBO-FLASH dynamic images, therefore, dynamic study seemed to be useful for therapeutic efficacy after ethanol injection.
|
['Animals', 'Ethanol', 'Injections', 'Liver', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Necrosis', 'Rabbits']
| 8,488,107
|
[['B01.050'], ['D02.033.375'], ['E02.319.267.530'], ['A03.620'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['C23.550.717'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.968.700']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Prevention and treatment of hormone-associated venous thromboembolism: a patient management approach.
|
Given the known increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) associated with both oral contraceptive (OC) use and hormone replacement therapy (HRT), it is important to address questions about the prevention and management of hormone-associated VTE. Specifically, the objectives of this article are as follows: (1) to provide suggested clinical management approaches for the primary and secondary prevention of VTE for women with thrombophilia; (2) to provide suggested clinical management approaches for the primary and secondary prevention of VTE in the perioperative period for women taking OC or HRT; and (3) to provide practical management approaches for frequently encountered clinical scenarios relating to duration of treatment for hormone-associated VTE.
|
['Anticoagulants', 'Clinical Trials as Topic', 'Contraceptives, Oral', 'Female', 'Hormone Replacement Therapy', 'Humans', 'Thrombophilia', 'Venous Thromboembolism']
| 20,659,653
|
[['D27.505.954.502.119'], ['E05.318.372.250.250', 'N05.715.360.330.250.250', 'N06.850.520.450.250.250'], ['D27.505.696.875.360.276.210', 'D27.505.954.705.360.276.210'], ['E02.319.452'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C15.378.925'], ['C14.907.355.590.700']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Complications of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia.
|
Four cases are presented which are believed to represent thrombocytopenia associated with intravascular thrombosis and vascular occlusion in patients receiving heparin. Patients with gangrene all had pre-existing arterial disease and arterial insufficiency. Such venous and arterial thromboses are paradoxic and unpredictable and are completely against the goal of therapy. These complications may have been prevented if the developing thrombocytopenia was discovered earlier and heparin discontinued. Three of these patients died as a result of their complications, and one had an amputation. The unpredictable pattern of such paradoxic reactions requires close monitoring of the platelet count as well as activated PTT and prothrombin time.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Heparin', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Phlebitis', 'Platelet Count', 'Prothrombin Time', 'Thrombocytopenia', 'Thrombosis']
| 7,081,832
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['D09.698.373.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C14.907.617.718', 'C14.907.940.740'], ['E01.370.225.500.195.107.740', 'E01.370.225.625.107.700', 'E01.370.225.625.625.625', 'E05.200.500.195.107.740', 'E05.200.625.107.700', 'E05.200.625.625.625', 'E05.242.195.107.740', 'G04.140.107.740', 'G09.188.105.700'], ['E01.370.225.625.115.610', 'E05.200.625.115.610', 'G09.188.680'], ['C15.378.140.855'], ['C14.907.355.830']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Key influences on the professional socialisation and practice of students undertaking different pre-registration nurse education programmes in the United Kingdom.
|
A principal aim of pre-registration nurse education programmes is the process of effective socialisation of students into the professional role. Key influences on the professional socialisation and practice of students undertaking such programmes were explored using a semi-structured interview approach (N = 99). This work formed part of a major comparative study of outcomes of pre-registration nurse education programmes in the United Kingdom. Analysis revealed differences between the programmes regarding positive influences of the respective courses; therapeutic influences of the practice environment; modelling performance on exemplars of high quality practice; and the identification of teachers within the educational setting and nurses in practice as key persons. This study has confirmed that the positive influence of the education programmes and the practice environment as well as high quality role models from both education and practice establishments are critical to the professional socialisation of student nurses.
|
['Curriculum', 'Education, Nursing, Baccalaureate', 'Humans', 'Organizational Culture', 'Social Identification', 'Socialization', 'United Kingdom']
| 8,886,901
|
[['I02.158'], ['I02.358.462.316'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N04.452.606'], ['F01.145.813.708'], ['I01.880.853.934'], ['Z01.542.363']]
|
['Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Advanced age negatively influences mesenteric lymph node T cell responses after burn injury.
|
While the pathophysiology of burn injury is well established in young adults, the factors that contribute to pathogenesis and increased death in elderly burn patients are not defined. The purpose of this study is to determine the effects of burn injury on mesenteric lymph node (MLN) T cell responses in young and aged mice. MLN is a cluster of lymph nodes that drains various parts of the intestine and is known to play role in clearance bacteria originating from the intestinal lumen. Results presented here suggest a significant suppression in Con A-induced MLN cell proliferation and IL-2 production in uninjured aged mice compared with uninjured young mice. Following 24 h after injury, although, a significant decrease in lymph node cell proliferation and IL-2 production was observed in both young and aged mice compared with their respective sham-injured animals, the suppression was more in aged mice. In addition we found a reduction in IFN-gamma, a Th-1 cytokine by MLN T cells from aged burned mice relative to young burn (P<0.05) or sham-injured mice (P<0.01). The Th-2 cytokine IL-4, on the other hand, was significantly increased in both young and aged burn-injured mice MLN T cells compared with their respective sham-injured mice. These results show that burn injury causes a greater suppression in MLN T cells ability to proliferate and a more pronounced shift to Th-2 phenotype in aged mice as compared with young mice. Such decreases in T cell functions may impair MLN's ability to clear the bacterial pathogens originating from intestine and thereby contribute to increased pathogenesis in injured host.
|
['Age Factors', 'Animals', 'Burns', 'Female', 'Interferon-gamma', 'Interleukin-2', 'Interleukin-4', 'Lymph Nodes', 'Mesentery', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred BALB C', 'T-Lymphocytes']
| 12,644,320
|
[['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['B01.050'], ['C26.200'], ['D12.644.276.374.440.893', 'D12.644.276.374.480.615.350', 'D12.776.467.374.440.893', 'D12.776.467.374.480.615.350', 'D23.529.374.440.893', 'D23.529.374.480.615.350'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.021', 'D12.644.276.374.480.372', 'D12.776.467.374.465.021', 'D12.776.467.374.480.372', 'D23.529.374.465.155', 'D23.529.374.480.372'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.186', 'D12.776.467.374.465.178', 'D23.529.374.465.186'], ['A10.549.400', 'A15.382.520.604.412'], ['A01.923.047.025.600.451'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.338', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.338'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.569', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Adipose angiotensinogen secretion, blood pressure, and AGT M235T polymorphism in obese patients.
|
OBJECTIVE: To investigate AGT secretion in cultured adipocytes from obese patients and its relationship with obesity-related phenotypes, blood pressure, and the M235T polymorphism in the AGT gene.RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES: Measurements, including anthropometry, body composition (DXA), and blood pressure, were performed in 61 overweight or obese women (BMI: 28 to 68 kg/m(2)). A subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue biopsy was used for adipocyte size determination and quantification of AGT secretion in the medium of cultured adipocytes. AGT M235T genotype was determined using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism.RESULTS: Adipose secretion of the AGT protein (range, 140 to 2575 ng/10(6) cells/24 h) was not significantly correlated with BMI, body fat, or blood pressure and did not vary according to the M235T polymorphism in the AGT gene. However, the AGT M235T polymorphism was associated with adipocyte size (111.6 +/- 2.8, 108.8 +/- 1.9, 118.2 +/- 2.6 micro m in MM, MT, and TT genotypes, respectively; p < 0.01) after adjustment for age and fat mass. An association between the AGT M235T polymorphism and adipocyte size (p < 0.02 adjusted for sex, age, and BMI) was found in another independent sample of 106 obese subjects (sex ratio, M/F 16/90; BMI, 29 to 70 kg/m(2)).DISCUSSION: In cultured adipocytes from obese subjects, AGT secretion was not associated with body fat phenotypes, blood pressure, or fat cell size. However, results from two independent studies suggest an association between the AGT M235T polymorphism and adipocyte size.
|
['Abdomen', 'Adipocytes', 'Adult', 'Angiotensinogen', 'Biopsy', 'Blood Pressure', 'Body Composition', 'Cell Size', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Female', 'Genotype', 'Humans', 'Middle Aged', 'Obesity', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Polymorphism, Genetic', 'Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length']
| 15,044,674
|
[['A01.923.047'], ['A11.329.114'], ['M01.060.116'], ['D12.644.456.073.070', 'D12.644.861.020', 'D12.776.811.070', 'D12.776.872.020'], ['E01.370.225.500.384.100', 'E01.370.225.998.054', 'E01.370.388.100', 'E04.074', 'E05.200.500.384.100', 'E05.200.998.054', 'E05.242.384.100'], ['E01.370.600.875.249', 'G09.330.380.076'], ['G02.111.130', 'G03.180', 'G07.100.049'], ['G04.325'], ['A11.251'], ['G05.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C18.654.726.500', 'C23.888.144.699.500', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120.699.500', 'G07.100.100.160.120.699.500'], ['E05.393.620.500'], ['G05.365.795'], ['G05.365.795.595']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Desiccation tolerance among different isolates of the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema feltiae (Fillipjev).
|
Poor storage capacity is a major constraint limiting further expansion of the use of entomopathogenic nematodes. In order to prolong shelf life, a quiescent state of the dauer juveniles (DJs) should be induced. This can be attained by means of desiccation of DJs. In this study, 24 natural isolations of Steinernema feltiae were exposed to desiccation stress in non-ionic polyethylene glycol 600. The dehydrating conditions were measured as water activity, a(w)-value. Non-adapted and adapted DJs were tested separately under a series of dehydrating conditions. The mean tolerated a(w)-value (MW50) ranged from 0.85 for the isolate NEP1 to 0.95 for FIN1, ISR5 and ITA2 when not adapted to desiccation stress and from MW50 of 0.822 for CR1 to 0.98 for ISR6 when adapted to the stress conditions. CR1 tolerated the lowest desiccation stress at an a(w)-value for the most tolerant 10% of the population (MW10) at 0.65 when DJs had been adapted to stress. No significant differences were recorded between all isolates in non-adapted DJs populations MW10 was compared. No correlation between tolerance under non-adapted and adapted conditions were found. Most tolerant isolates will now be used for cross-breeding and subsequent genetic selection to enhance desiccation tolerance.
|
['Animals', 'Dehydration', 'Moths', 'Pest Control, Biological', 'Rhabditida', 'Water']
| 22,696,940
|
[['B01.050'], ['C18.452.950.179', 'C23.550.274'], ['B01.050.500.131.617.720.500.500.937.650'], ['N06.850.780.200.650.650'], ['B01.050.500.500.294.400.875'], ['D01.045.250.875', 'D01.248.497.158.459.650', 'D01.650.550.925']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
The anti-helminthic niclosamide inhibits Wnt/Frizzled1 signaling.
|
Wnt proteins bind to seven-transmembrane Frizzled receptors to mediate the important developmental, morphogenetic, and stem cell related tissue-regenerative effects of Wnt signaling. Dysregulated Wnt signaling is associated with many cancers. Currently, there are no drug candidates or even tool compounds that modulate Wnt-mediated receptor trafficking, and subsequent Wnt signaling. We examined libraries of FDA-approved drugs for their utility as Frizzled internalization modulators, employing a primary imaged-based GFP fluorescence assay that uses Frizzled1 endocytosis as the readout. We now report that the anti-helminthic niclosamide, a drug used for the treatment of tapeworm, promotes Frizzled1 endocytosis, downregulates Dishevelled-2 protein, and inhibits Wnt3A-stimulated beta-catenin stabilization and LEF/TCF reporter activity. Additionally, following niclosamide-mediated internalization, the Frizzled1 receptor colocalizes in vesicles containing transferrin and agonist-activated beta(2)-adrenergic receptor. Therefore, niclosamide may serve as a negative modulator of Wnt/Frizzled1 signaling by depleting upstream signaling molecules (i.e., Frizzled and Dishevelled) and moreover may provide a valuable means of studying the physiological consequences of Wnt signaling.
|
['Animals', 'Antinematodal Agents', 'Cell Line', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Endocytosis', 'Frizzled Receptors', 'Green Fluorescent Proteins', 'Humans', 'Microscopy, Confocal', 'Niclosamide', 'Rats', 'Signal Transduction', 'Wnt Proteins', 'beta Catenin']
| 19,772,353
|
[['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.122.250.075.080'], ['A11.251.210'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['G04.417'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.017', 'D12.776.543.750.850.500'], ['D12.776.532.265'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.515.395', 'E05.595.395'], ['D02.065.199.860.470', 'D02.065.793.650.470', 'D02.092.146.113.860.470'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['D12.776.467.984', 'D23.529.984'], ['D12.776.091.249', 'D12.776.220.145.500', 'D12.776.930.130']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Axon guidance of rat cortical neurons by microcontact printed gradients.
|
Substrate-bound gradients expressed in numerous spatio-temporal patterns play a crucial role during the development of complex neural circuits. A deeper understanding of the axon guidance mechanism is provided by studying the effect of a defined substrate-bound cue on a confined neural network. In this study, we constructed a discontinuous substrate-bound gradient to control neuronal cell position, the path of neurite growth, and axon directionality. A variety of gradient patterns, with slight changes in slope, width, and length were designed and fabricated by microcontact printing using laminin/poly-l-lysine (PLL) or PLL alone. The gradients were tested for neurite growth and their impact on axon guidance of embryonic rat cortical neurons. The neurite length was determined and the axon was evaluated by Tau-1 immunostaining. We found that the microgradients of laminin/PLL and PLL directed neurons' adhesion, differentially controlled the neurite growth, and guided up to 84% of the axons. The effect of the protein micropattern on axon guidance and neurite growth depended on the protein and geometric parameters used. Our approach proved to be very successful in guiding axons of single multipolar neurons with very high efficiency. It could thereby be useful to engineer defined neural networks for analyzing signal processing of functional circuits, as well as to unravel fundamental questions of the axon guidance mechanism.
|
['Animals', 'Axons', 'Cell Culture Techniques', 'Cell Movement', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Cerebral Cortex', 'Embryo, Mammalian', 'Laminin', 'Materials Testing', 'Neurites', 'Neurons', 'Polylysine', 'Printing', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Surface Properties']
| 21,167,596
|
[['B01.050'], ['A08.675.542.145', 'A11.284.180.075', 'A11.671.137', 'A11.671.501.145'], ['E01.370.225.500.223', 'E05.200.500.265', 'E05.242.223', 'E05.481.500.249'], ['G04.198', 'G07.568.500.180'], ['A11.251'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500'], ['A16.254'], ['D12.776.395.550.530', 'D12.776.543.550.500', 'D12.776.860.300.675'], ['E05.570'], ['A08.675.256.500', 'A08.675.542.145.500', 'A11.284.180.610', 'A11.671.501.145.500', 'A11.671.543'], ['A08.675', 'A11.671'], ['D12.125.068.555.750', 'D12.125.095.647.750', 'D12.644.760'], ['L01.737.787'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900'], ['G02.860']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
How do I implement a more restrictive transfusion trigger of hemoglobin level of 7 g/dL at my hospital?
|
BACKGROUND: The red blood cell (RBC) transfusion trigger is a major driver of transfusion practice and affects health care costs and in some instances patient outcomes. Reducing the transfusion threshold will decrease RBC utilization and hospital costs.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: The hospital transfusion committee, endorsed by the medical staff executive committee, developed an educational program for physicians, nurses, and blood bank staff focusing on the scientific basis for a transfusion trigger of hemoglobin (Hb) of 7 g/dL rather than 8 g/dL as well as a program to discourage the routine 2-unit RBC transfusion. RBC transfusion practice review was performed and those physicians transfusing outside of the new variables were questioned as to the necessity for the transfusion.RESULTS: A total of 4492 RBC units were saved and 662 patients were not transfused over the three fiscal years (FYs), 2010, 2011, and 2012, compared to 2009 baseline. Direct cost savings over 3 years with a transfusion trigger of Hb of 7 g/dL was $943,320. If activity-based costing is used, the savings may have reached as high as $5,314,036. The number of single-unit RBC transfusions increased steadily over the course of the study while the number of 2-unit transfusions remained relatively stable over the three FYs 2010 to 2012.CONCLUSION: A Hb level of 7 g/dL is the transfusion threshold which is being adopted by many hospitals. Institutional culture change to a Hb level of 7 g/dL can be implemented with the right champion when endorsed by upper echelon medical leadership and hospital administration.
|
['Erythrocyte Transfusion', 'Hemoglobins', 'Hospitals', 'Humans']
| 25,573,208
|
[['E02.095.135.140.275'], ['D12.776.124.400', 'D12.776.422.316.762'], ['N02.278.421'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Characterization of interactions of 4-nitrophenylpropyl-N-alkylamine with ò receptors.
|
Sigma receptors are small membrane proteins implicated in a number of pathophysiological conditions, including drug addiction, psychosis, and cancer; thus, small molecule inhibitors of sigma receptors have been proposed as potential pharmacotherapeutics for these diseases. We previously discovered that endogenous monochain N-alkyl sphingolipids, including d-erythro-sphingosine, sphinganine, and N,N-dimethylsphingosine, bind to the sigma-1 receptor at physiologically relevant concentrations [Ramachandran, S., et al. (2009) Eur. J. Pharmacol. 609, 19-26]. Here, we investigated several N-alkylamines of varying chain lengths as sigma receptor ligands. Although the K(I) values for N-alkylamines were found to be in the micromolar range, when N-3-phenylpropyl and N-3-(4-nitrophenyl)propyl derivatives of butylamine (1a and 1b, respectively), heptylamine (2a and 2b, respectively), dodecylamine (3a and 3b, respectively), and octadecylamine (4a and 4b, respectively) were evaluated as sigma receptor ligands, we found that these compounds exhibited nanomolar affinities with both sigma-1 and sigma-2 receptors. A screen of high-affinity ligands 2a, 2b, 3a, and 3b against a variety of other receptors and/or transporters confirmed these four compounds to be highly selective mixed sigma-1 and sigma-2 ligands. Additionally, in HEK-293 cells reconstituted with K(v)1.4 potassium channel and the sigma-1 receptor, these derivatives were able to inhibit the outward current from the channel, consistent with sigma receptor modulation. Finally, cytotoxicity assays showed that 2a, 2b, 3a, and 3b were highly potent against a number of cancer cell lines, demonstrating their potential utility as mixed sigma-1 and sigma-2 receptor anticancer agents.
|
['Amines', 'Animals', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Guinea Pigs', 'HEK293 Cells', 'Humans', 'Ligands', 'Liver', 'Nitrophenols', 'Protein Binding', 'Protein Interaction Mapping', 'Rats', 'Receptors, sigma']
| 21,790,129
|
[['D02.092'], ['B01.050'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.550'], ['A11.251.210.172.750', 'A11.436.334'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D27.720.470.480'], ['A03.620'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.657.566', 'D02.640.743'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808'], ['E05.601.690'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.620.775', 'D12.776.543.750.720.600.610.775', 'D12.776.543.750.750.555.610.775']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Racial and socioeconomic disparities in reduction mammoplasty: an analysis of nationwide inpatient sample database.
|
The American Society of Plastic Surgery recently recorded a decline in numbers of breast reductions, one of the most common procedures performed by plastic surgeons. The purpose of this study is to characterize the reduction mammoplasty patient population which would further assist in planning the future workforce needs. Using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample database for 2007, a ÷ analysis of female in-patients treated with reduction mammoplasty for breast hypertrophy was performed to identify significant differences in race and payer mix. Of 8394 female in-patients with breast hypertrophy, 61% were treated with reduction mammoplasty. Black and Hispanic patients (P < 0.0001) and patients with private insurance (P < 0.0001) were more likely to undergo reduction mammoplasty. This study demonstrates racial and socioeconomic disparities in breast reduction in the United States in 2007. With the pending institution of universal healthcare, it is predicted that disparities revealed may worsen due to cost containment pressures.
|
['Adult', 'African Americans', 'Breast', 'Cohort Studies', 'Databases, Factual', 'Ethnic Groups', 'European Continental Ancestry Group', 'Female', 'Healthcare Disparities', 'Hispanic Americans', 'Humans', 'Hypertrophy', 'Incidence', 'Insurance Coverage', 'Mammaplasty', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Risk Assessment', 'Socioeconomic Factors', 'United States']
| 21,451,367
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.686.508.100.100', 'M01.686.754.100'], ['A01.236'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['L01.313.500.750.300.188.400', 'L01.470.750.750'], ['M01.686.754', 'N01.224.317'], ['M01.686.508.400'], ['N04.590.374.380', 'N05.300.493'], ['M01.686.754.441'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C23.300.775'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.375', 'N01.224.935.597.500', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.375', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.375'], ['N03.219.521.576.265'], ['E02.218.565', 'E04.680.500'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.715', 'N04.452.871.715', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.690', 'N06.850.505.715', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.715'], ['I01.880.853.996', 'N01.824'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Metabolic Fate of 13
|
The present study introduces a novel triple-phase (liquids, solids, and gases) approach, which employed uniformly labeled [U-13C] polydextrose (PDX) for the selective profiling of metabolites generated from dietary fiber fermentation in an in vitro colon simulator using human fecal inocula. Employing 13C NMR spectroscopy, [U-13C] PDX metabolism was observed from colonic digest samples. The major 13C-labeled metabolites generated were acetate, butyrate, propionate, and valerate. In addition to these short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), 13C-labeled lactate, formate, succinate, and ethanol were detected in the colon simulator samples. Metabolite formation and PDX substrate degradation were examined comprehensively over time (24 and 48 h). Correlation analysis between 13C NMR spectra and gas production confirmed the anaerobic fermentation of PDX to SCFAs. In addition, 16S rRNA gene analysis showed that the level of Erysipelotrichaceae was influenced by PDX supplementation and Erysipelotrichaceae level was statistically correlated with SCFA formation. Overall, our study demonstrates a novel approach to link substrate fermentation and microbial function directly in a simulated colonic environment.
|
['Anaerobiosis', 'Bioreactors', 'Biotransformation', 'Carbon Isotopes', 'Colon', 'Dietary Fiber', 'Erysipelothrix', 'Ethanol', 'Fatty Acids, Volatile', 'Feces', 'Fermentation', 'Formates', 'Gastrointestinal Microbiome', 'Glucans', 'Humans', 'Lactic Acid', 'Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy', 'Metabolome', 'Microbial Consortia', 'RNA, Ribosomal, 16S', 'Succinic Acid']
| 29,359,944
|
[['G02.111.062', 'G03.078'], ['E07.115', 'J01.897.120.115'], ['G03.171', 'G03.787.225', 'G07.690.725.225'], ['D01.268.150.075', 'D01.496.123'], ['A03.556.124.526.356', 'A03.556.249.249.356'], ['D09.301.416', 'G07.203.300.400', 'J02.500.400'], ['B03.353.688', 'B03.510.460.400.410.350'], ['D02.033.375'], ['D10.251.400'], ['A12.459'], ['G02.111.158.249', 'G03.191.249'], ['D02.241.081.420'], ['G06.591.375', 'G16.500.275.157.049.100.500.375', 'N06.230.124.049.100.500.250'], ['D05.750.078.562', 'D09.698.365'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D02.241.511.459.450'], ['E05.196.867.519'], ['G03.500'], ['G06.591.750', 'G16.500.275.157.049.100.500.750', 'N06.230.124.049.100.500.500'], ['D13.444.735.686.670'], ['D02.241.081.337.759.625']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
The Arabidopsis thaliana response regulator ARR22 is a putative AHP phospho-histidine phosphatase expressed in the chalaza of developing seeds.
|
BACKGROUND: The Arabidopsis response regulator 22 (ARR22) is one of two members of a recently defined novel group of two-component system (TCS) elements. TCSs are stimulus perception and response modules of prokaryotic origin, which signal by a His-to-Asp phosphorelay mechanism. In plants, TCS regulators are involved in hormone response pathways, such as those for cytokinin and ethylene. While the functions of the other TCS elements in Arabidopsis, such as histidine kinases (AHKs), histidine-containing phosphotransfer proteins (AHPs) and A-type and B-type ARRs are becoming evident, the role of ARR22 is poorly understood.RESULTS: We present evidence that ARR22 is a preferentially cytoplasmic protein, exclusively expressed in the chalaza of developing seeds. ARR22 specifically interacts with AHP2, AHP3 and AHP5 in yeast and living plant cells. Two new loss-of-function alleles, arr22-2 and arr22-3, were isolated and characterized. With respect to their morphology and metabolite status, no significant difference in the developing seeds of the arr22 mutants was observed compared to wild type. The genetic complementation of the arr22 mutants with a genomic ARR22 fragment resulted in plants (arr22/gARR22) with a pleiotropic phenotype of different penetrance. This phenotype was not observed when the phosphorylatable Asp74 of ARR22 was changed to either a dominant-active Glu or a dominant-inactive Asn. The phenotype of the arr22/gARR22 plants was comparable to that of multiple ahk, ahp and B-type arr mutants.CONCLUSION: Our results favor the model that ARR22 acts as a phospho-histidine phosphatase on specific AHPs in the cytoplasm of Arabidopsis chalaza cells. The lack of any aberrant morphological and metabolite phenotype in the seeds of the arr22 mutants indicates that ARR22 is probably primarily responsible for the fine tuning of specific branches of chalaza-based TCS signalling. Even when slightly mis-expressed, ARR22 interferes with hormone homeostasis in non-chalaza tissues. Our data indicate that the chromatin status might play a crucial role in maintaining the chalaza-restricted expression of ARR22.
|
['Arabidopsis', 'Arabidopsis Proteins', 'Cytoplasm', 'Fungal Proteins', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Plant', 'Genetic Complementation Test', 'Phenotype', 'Phosphorylation', 'Phosphotransferases', 'Plants, Genetically Modified', 'Protein Binding', 'Seeds', 'Signal Transduction']
| 18,625,081
|
[['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.157.100'], ['D12.776.765.149'], ['A11.284.430.214'], ['D12.776.354'], ['G05.308.310'], ['G05.308.375'], ['E05.393.281.526'], ['G05.695'], ['G02.111.665', 'G02.607.780', 'G03.796'], ['D08.811.913.696'], ['B01.650.520', 'B05.620.600'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808'], ['A18.024.500.750', 'G07.203.300.775', 'J02.500.775'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Using a community-based participatory research approach to improve the performance capacity of local health departments: the Kansas Immunization Technology Project.
|
BACKGROUND: Building the capacity of local health departments (LHDs) in the use of health data is critical. Unlike community-based health agencies or private healthcare providers, LHDs serve as public health officials for their communities. Thus, LHDs' ability to use technology, electronically access and distribute up-to-date health information, and to measure population-based health outcomes for their communities is crucial.PROCEDURES: Using feedback obtained from various sources, groundwork efforts in Kansas indicated that few LHDs had the skills to utilize and interpret immunization data in a way that would allow them to effectively assess, screen, treat, and monitor infectious diseases in their communities. In response to the need for a well-trained LHD workforce, and using a community-based participatory research (CBPR) approach, team members developed and delivered training to enhance immunization data skills among LHDs. The goal of the training was to improve LHDs' capacity to identify, obtain, analyze and present immunization data.RESULTS: Training was provided to LHD staff representing 46 counties. Satisfaction survey results indicated the overwhelming majority of participants found the training beneficial. Results indicated that approximately 93% acquired new knowledge and skills they could apply to their jobs.DISCUSSION: The project renders a model for providing ongoing trainings in stepwise fashion to a particular workforce. The willingness of the project partners to be innovative and inclusive in addressing the training needs of the state's public health professionals is noted. Similar training should be considered for other public health programmatic areas.
|
['Adult', 'Community Health Services', 'Community-Based Participatory Research', 'Curriculum', 'Education, Public Health Professional', 'Efficiency, Organizational', 'Female', 'Health Care Surveys', 'Humans', 'Immunization Programs', 'Kansas', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Models, Theoretical', 'Patient Acceptance of Health Care', 'Personal Satisfaction', 'Program Development', 'Public Health Practice', 'Residence Characteristics']
| 18,587,634
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['N02.421.143'], ['H01.770.644.193', 'N05.425.104'], ['I02.158'], ['I02.358.556'], ['N04.452.209.500'], ['E05.318.308.980.344', 'N03.349.380.210', 'N05.425.210', 'N05.715.360.300.800.344', 'N06.850.520.308.980.344'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N02.421.726.608'], ['Z01.107.567.875.510.390'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.599'], ['F01.100.150.750.500', 'F01.145.488.887.500', 'N05.300.150.800.500'], ['F01.145.677'], ['N04.452.760'], ['N06.850.780'], ['N01.224.791', 'N06.850.505.400.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Effects on the tumor specific growth factor and tumor necrosis factor á in rats' precancerous lesion of primary hepatocellular carcinoma by direct moxibustion at Ganshu (BL 18) acupoint.
|
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of direct moxibustion at Ganshu (BL18) on the serum concentrations of tumor specific growth factor (TSGF) and tumor necrosis factor á (TNF-á) in a rat model with precancerous lesion of primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), so as to explore the mechanism of moxibustion underlying improvement of HCC.METHODS: Sixty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into control group (n=10), model group (n=20), prevention group 1 (n=15) and prevention group 2 (n=15). The normal rats were injected with physiological saline as blank control. At the same time, the rats of other three groups were injected with diethylnitrosamine to establish the HCC model. Direct moxibustion with grain-sized moxa was applied to bilateral Ganshu acupoint of the rats in the prevention group 1 (1 treatment course, 20 days) and prevention group 2 (2 treatment courses, 40 days), 5 doses for each acupoint, 0.5 mg/dose, once every other day. At each time point (before model establishment, the end of 1st course prevention, the end of 2nd course prevention and the end of model establishment), serum levels of TSGF and TNF-á were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.RESULTS: Compared with the control group, there was a remarkably increase of serum TSGF and TNF-á contents in the model group at the end of the experiment (P<0.05). At the end of the 1st course of direct moxibustion, the contents of serum TSGF and TNF-á of rats in the prevention group 1 were significantly increased compared with that of the model group (P<0.05). At the end of the 2nd course of direct moxibustion, serum TSGF and TNF-á levels of rats in the model group were higher than the normal group with significantly difference (P<0.05), and the levels of TSGF and TNF-á in the prevention group 2 were significantly reduced in comparison with the model group (P<0.05).CONCLUSION: It was possible that direct moxibustion could inhibit precancerous lesion and postpone hepatocarcinogenesis, and the therapeutic effect of two courses were better than one course.
|
['Acupuncture Points', 'Animals', 'Carcinoma, Hepatocellular', 'Liver Neoplasms', 'Male', 'Moxibustion', 'Neoplasm Proteins', 'Precancerous Conditions', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha']
| 26,264,572
|
[['E02.190.044.555.035'], ['B01.050'], ['C04.557.470.200.025.255', 'C04.588.274.623.160', 'C06.301.623.160', 'C06.552.697.160'], ['C04.588.274.623', 'C06.301.623', 'C06.552.697'], ['E02.190.044.588'], ['D12.776.624'], ['C04.834'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900'], ['D12.644.276.374.500.800', 'D12.644.276.374.750.626', 'D12.776.124.900', 'D12.776.395.930', 'D12.776.467.374.500.800', 'D12.776.467.374.750.626', 'D23.529.374.500.800', 'D23.529.374.750.626']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Hsa-microRNA-181a is a regulator of a number of cancer genes and a biomarker for endometrial carcinoma in patients: a bioinformatic and clinical study and the therapeutic implication.
|
The aberrant expression of human microRNA-181a-1 (hsa-miR-181a) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of various cancers, serving as an oncogene or a tumor suppressor. However, the role of hsa-miR-181a in the pathogenesis of endometrial carcinoma (EC) and its clinical significance are unclear. This study aimed to search for the molecular targets of hsa-miR-181a using bioinformatic tools and then determine the expression levels of hsa-miR-181a in normal, hyperplasia, and EC samples from humans. To predict the targets of hsa-miR-181a, ten different algorithms were used, including miRanda-mirSVR, DIANA microT v5.0, miRDB, RNA22 v2, TargetMiner, TargetScan 6.2, PicTar, MicroCosm Targets v5, and miRWALK. Two algorithms, TarBase 6.0 and miRTarBase, were used to identify the validated targets of hsa-miR-181a-5p (a mature product of hsa-miR-181a), and the web-based Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) 6.7 was used to provide biological functional interpretation of the validated targets of hsa-miR-181a-5p. A total of 78 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue specimens from 65 patients and 13 healthy subjects were collected and examined, including normal endometrium (n=13), endometrial hyperplasia (n=18), and EC (37 type I and 10 type II EC cases). Our bioinformatic studies have showed that hsa-miR-181a might regulate a large number of target genes that are important in the regulation of critical cell processes, such as cell fate, cell survival, metabolism, and cell death. To date, 313 targets of hsa-miR-181a have been validated, and 22 of these targets are cancer genes. The precision of predictions by all the algorithms for hsa-miR-181a-1's targets was low. Many of these genes are involved in tumorigenesis of various cancers, including EC, based on the DAVID and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis. In comparison with normal endometrial tissue, the expression level of hsa-miR-181a was significantly increased in type I and type II EC (P<0.05), and type II EC exhibited a significant higher expression level of hsa-miR-181a than that in type I EC (P<0.05). In addition, there was a significant increase in the expression level of hsa-miR-181a in type II EC compared with endometrial hyperplasia (P<0.05). Taken together, these results suggest that hsa-miR-181a may serve as an oncogene in endometrial tumorigenesis and that hsa-miR-181a might be used as a new biomarker in the prediction of prognosis of EC in clinical practice. More functional and mechanistic studies are needed to validate the role of hsa-miR-181a in the development, progression, and metastasis of EC.
|
['Algorithms', 'Biomarkers, Tumor', 'Computational Biology', 'Endometrial Neoplasms', 'Female', 'Humans', 'MicroRNAs']
| 25,733,820
|
[['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['D23.101.140'], ['H01.158.273.180', 'L01.313.124'], ['C04.588.945.418.948.585', 'C13.351.500.852.762.200', 'C13.351.937.418.875.200'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D13.150.650.319', 'D13.444.735.150.319', 'D13.444.735.790.552.500']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Risky alcohol use predicts temporal mismatch negativity impairments in young people with bipolar disorder.
|
Alcohol misuse in bipolar disorder (BD) has a negative impact on illness progression. The NMDA/glutamatergic system is implicated in BD pathophysiology and is critically involved in the effects of alcohol on the brain. Mismatch negativity (MMN) is purported to reflect NMDA receptor output, providing a measure for investigating this association. Forty-two patients and 34 controls (16-30 years) were split into low and high-risk drinkers (based on the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test) and underwent a two-tone passive auditory oddball, duration deviant MMN paradigm. Multiple regression models revealed risky drinking and BD diagnosis were predictors of impaired temporal MMN. Potentially reflecting an additive effect of alcohol on a perturbed NMDA/glutamatergic system in BD, these findings highlight alcohol as both a modifiable risk factor of neurobiological impairments and as a potential confounder in MMN studies. Given the increasing use of glutamatergic agents for BD treatment, this finding is important clinically.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Alcohol Drinking', 'Analysis of Variance', 'Bipolar Disorder', 'Chi-Square Distribution', 'Electroencephalography', 'Evoked Potentials', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Neuropsychological Tests', 'Regression Analysis', 'Risk', 'Young Adult']
| 24,594,113
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['F01.145.317.269'], ['E05.318.740.150', 'N05.715.360.750.125', 'N06.850.520.830.150'], ['F03.084.500'], ['E05.318.740.994.300', 'G17.820.300', 'N05.715.360.750.750.200', 'N06.850.520.830.994.300'], ['E01.370.376.300', 'E01.370.405.245'], ['G07.265.216.500', 'G11.561.200.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F04.711.513'], ['E05.318.740.750', 'N05.715.360.750.695', 'N06.850.520.830.750'], ['E05.318.740.600.800', 'G17.680.750', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Airborne Asbestos Exposures from Warm Air Heating Systems in Schools.
|
The aim of this study was to investigate the concentrations of airborne asbestos that can be released into classrooms of schools that have amosite-containing asbestos insulation board (AIB) in the ceiling plenum or other spaces, particularly where there is forced recirculation of air as part of a warm air heating system. Air samples were collected in three or more classrooms at each of three schools, two of which were of CLASP (Consortium of Local Authorities Special Programme) system-built design, during periods when the schools were unoccupied. Two conditions were sampled: (i) the start-up and running of the heating systems with no disturbance (the background) and (ii) running of the heating systems during simulated disturbance. The simulated disturbance was designed to exceed the level of disturbance to the AIB that would routinely take place in an occupied classroom. A total of 60 or more direct impacts that vibrated and/or flexed the encapsulated or enclosed AIB materials were applied over the sampling period. The impacts were carried out at the start of the sampling and repeated at hourly intervals but did not break or damage the AIB. The target air volume for background samples was ~3000 l of air using a static sampler sited either below or ~1 m from the heater outlet. This would allow an analytical sensitivity (AS) of 0.0001 fibres per millilitre (f ml(-1)) to be achieved, which is 1000 times lower than the EU and UK workplace control limit of 0.1 f ml(-1). Samples with lower volumes of air were also collected in case of overloading and for the shorter disturbance sampling times used at one site. The sampler filters were analysed by phase contrast microscopy (PCM) to give a rapid determination of the overall concentration of visible fibres (all types) released and/or by analytical transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to determine the concentration of asbestos fibres. Due to the low number of fibres, results were reported in terms of both the calculated concentration and the statistically relevant limits of quantification (LOQ), which are routinely applied. The PCM fibre concentrations were all below the LOQ but analytical TEM showed that few of the fibres counted in the background samples were asbestos. The background TEM asbestos concentrations for the individual samples analysed from all three schools were at or below the AS, with a pooled average below the LOQ (<0.00005 f ml(-1)). At the two CLASP schools, there was no significant increase in the airborne amosite concentration in the classrooms during simulated disturbance conditions. At the third school, four of the five classrooms sampled gave measurable concentrations of amosite by TEM during simulated disturbance conditions. The highest concentration of amosite fibres countable by PCM was 0.0043 f ml(-1) with a pooled average of 0.0019 f ml(-1). The air sampling strategy was effective and worked well and the results provide further important evidence to inform the sampling and management of asbestos in schools.
|
['Air Pollutants', 'Asbestos, Amosite', 'Environmental Monitoring', 'Heating', 'Humans', 'Inhalation Exposure', 'Microscopy, Electron, Transmission', 'Microscopy, Phase-Contrast', 'Occupational Exposure', 'Risk Assessment', 'Schools']
| 26,311,718
|
[['D27.888.284.101'], ['D01.524.500.040', 'D01.578.725.050.050.050', 'D01.578.725.500.040', 'D01.837.725.700.760.070.050.060', 'D01.837.725.700.760.535.040'], ['N06.850.460.350.080', 'N06.850.780.375'], ['N06.230.150.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N06.850.460.350.112'], ['E01.370.350.515.402.580', 'E05.595.402.580'], ['E01.370.350.515.513.569', 'E05.490.630.569', 'E05.595.513.569'], ['N06.850.460.350.600'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.715', 'N04.452.871.715', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.690', 'N06.850.505.715', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.715'], ['I02.783', 'J03.832']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Effect of various sterilization methods on the bioactivity of laser ablation pseudowollastonite coating.
|
Sterilization is required for using any material or device in contact with the human body. The aim of this work was to investigate the effect of four sterilization methods (steam autoclave, hydrogen peroxide plasma, ethylene oxide, and gamma sterilization) on the surface chemistry and in vitro bioactivity of pseudowollastonite (psW) coatings in titanium alloys substrates. psW coatings in Ti-6Al-4V substrates obtained by laser ablation technique were sterilized and immersed in Kokubo's simulated body fluid (SBF) up to 30 days. No changes in the chemical composition were noted after sterilization. However, a Ca/P-layer of different thickness, identified as hydroxyapatite (HA) like was developed on all the samples after soaking, although, the ethylene oxide sterilized samples present a nonhomogeneous and approximately 55.9% thinner HA-like layer.
|
['Body Fluids', 'Calcium Compounds', 'Coated Materials, Biocompatible', 'Durapatite', 'Ethylene Oxide', 'Gamma Rays', 'Humans', 'Hydrogen Peroxide', 'Lasers', 'Materials Testing', 'Models, Biological', 'Silicates', 'Steam', 'Sterilization']
| 20,578,226
|
[['A12.207'], ['D01.146'], ['D25.130.420', 'J01.637.051.130.420'], ['D01.029.260.700.675.374.075.025.300.150', 'D01.146.360.050.300.200', 'D01.578.122.477.300', 'D01.695.625.675.650.075.025.300.150'], ['D02.355.291.411.417'], ['G01.358.500.505.300', 'G01.750.250.300', 'G01.750.750.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D01.248.497.158.685.750.424', 'D01.339.431.374.424', 'D01.650.550.750.400', 'D02.389.338.253'], ['E07.632.490', 'E07.710.520'], ['E05.570'], ['E05.599.395'], ['D01.578.725', 'D01.837.725.700.760'], ['D01.045.250.875.800', 'D01.248.497.158.459.650.800', 'D01.650.550.925.800', 'G16.500.887', 'N06.230.650'], ['N06.850.780.200.450.850']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
A controlled prospective study of the effect of endurance training on the recurrence rate of myocardial infarction. A description of the experimental design.
|
A multicenter prospective study has been designed to determine whether participation in an exercise program which produces a significant training effect will affect the recurrence rate in men who have survived an initial myocardial infarction. The control group consists of subjects who participate in a program involving low intensity activities designed to avoid a significant training effect. The subjects will be followed for a period of 4 years and a reduction of 50 per cent in the risk of recurrence will be considered clinically significant. The criteria for entry, the method of allocation, the structure of the exercise program and method of assessing cardiorespiratory fitness are described.
|
['Angina Pectoris', 'Exercise Therapy', 'Humans', 'Hypertension', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Myocardial Infarction', 'Occupations', 'Personality', 'Prospective Studies', 'Recurrence', 'Research Design']
| 1,200,020
|
[['C14.280.647.187', 'C14.907.585.187', 'C23.888.592.612.233.500'], ['E02.760.169.063.500.387', 'E02.779.483', 'E02.831.535.483'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C14.907.489'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C14.280.647.500', 'C14.907.585.500', 'C23.550.513.355.750', 'C23.550.717.489.750'], ['N01.824.547'], ['F01.752'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['C23.550.291.937'], ['E05.581.500', 'H01.770.644.728']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
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