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Aggressive Palliation and Survival in Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma.
|
IMPORTANCE: Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma is an undifferentiated aggressive tumor with a high rate of regional and distant spread and a grave prognosis (median survival, 3 months) with no standardized treatment.OBJECTIVE: To review the effect of an active treatment policy on the outcome of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma.DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Retrospective comparative study of all patients diagnosed as having anaplastic thyroid carcinoma and undergoing treatment from January 1, 2008, through December 31, 2013, in a tertiary university-affiliated medical center. Data were collected by medical record review. Final follow-up was completed on November 30, 2014. Data were analyzed from December 1 to 3, 2014.INTERVENTIONS: Treatment options included surgery and adjuvant concomitant radiotherapy and chemotherapy with doxorubicin hydrochloride or paclitaxel for local disease; full-dose chemoradiotherapy (70 Gy to the gross tumor) for local disease when surgery was not feasible; aggressive palliative radiotherapy (50 Gy to the gross tumor) for metastatic disease; and palliative radiotherapy (? 30 Gy) for metastatic disease with a low performance status.MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Survival time and quality of life.RESULTS: Of the 26 patients (including 15 women) who met the inclusion criteria, 11 underwent radiotherapy with curative intent. These patients included 5 who underwent curative surgery (5 with chemotherapy) and 6 who received primary chemotherapy. Nine patients received aggressive palliative radiotherapy, and 3 received palliative radiotherapy. The remaining 3 patients were not treated. Curative radiotherapy was associated with a significantly longer overall median (95% CI) survival time (11 [8.1-13.9] months) than aggressive palliative radiotherapy (6 [3.1-8.9] months), palliative radiotherapy (3 [0.0-7.8] months), and no treatment (1 month) (P < .001). Chemotherapy in 10 patients had a significant effect on survival (mean [95% CI], 11 [1.2-6.8] vs 4 [8.1-13.9] months for patients who did not receive chemotherapy; P = .01). Among the patients who underwent surgery and curative radiotherapy, 3 were alive after more than 3 years of follow-up. No association of survival with patient sex (median [95% CI] survival for men and women, 9 [3.6-14.4] and 5 [0.3-9.7] months, respectively; P = .54) or a history of thyroid disease (median [95% CI] survival for those with and without, 4 [1.0-6.9] and 9 [5.4-12.5] months, respectively; P = .15) was found.CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma has a grave prognosis, but an aggressive approach, including surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, seems to improve survival. Higher doses of radiotherapy may have a survival benefit in candidates for palliative treatment and may be considered for patients with extensive disease.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasm Staging', 'Palliative Care', 'Prognosis', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Survival Rate', 'Thyroid Carcinoma, Anaplastic', 'Thyroid Neoplasms', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 26,512,447
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.789.625'], ['E02.760.666', 'N02.421.585.666'], ['E01.789'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.900', 'N01.224.935.698.826', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.900', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.900'], ['C04.557.470.200.725'], ['C04.588.322.894', 'C04.588.443.915', 'C19.344.894', 'C19.874.788'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
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| 1
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Prevalence of overweight and obesity in older Mexican adults and its association with physical activity and related factors: An analysis of the study on global ageing and adult health.
|
OBJECTIVES: The obesity epidemic in Mexico is increasing and represents a considerable public health challenge. The population aged 50 years and older is also increasing and is not exempt from the obesity rise. We aimed to determine the current prevalence of Body Mass Index (BMI) categories in a sample of Mexicans aged 50 years and older and to test the associations of BMI with physical activity categories and related factors.METHODS: Data from 2,032 individuals aged 50 years and older who participated in SAGE Wave 1 (2009-2010) were analyzed. Representativeness of the sample was obtained by using weighted data. Descriptive statistics, chi square tests, simple regression analysis, and multiple regression analysis were performed in relation to BMI, self-reported physical activity categories, and several variables, including demographic characteristics and selected risk factors for non-communicable diseases.RESULTS: Among older adults, 0.6% was found to be underweight, 21.4% normal weight, 49.4% overweight, and 28.7% obese. It was also found that practicing vigorous intensity physical activity (-1.32) and being 80 years or older (-2.73) were significantly associated (P < 0.05) with a lower mean BMI (28.3). In contrast, being in the lowest income quintile (1.35), and living in urban areas (0.86) were significantly associated with a higher mean BMI.CONCLUSIONS: The study results contribute to the current understanding of obesity etiology in Mexico, and moreover confirm that overweight and obesity are current public health problems that must be addressed in specific subgroups of older adults.
|
['Age Factors', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Aging', 'Alcohol Drinking', 'Body Mass Index', 'Diet', 'Exercise', 'Female', 'Health Behavior', 'Health Status', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Mexico', 'Middle Aged', 'Obesity', 'Overweight', 'Prevalence', 'Residence Characteristics', 'Risk Factors', 'Smoking', 'Socioeconomic Factors', 'Waist Circumference']
| 25,339,538
|
[['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['G07.345.124'], ['F01.145.317.269'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.125', 'E05.041.124.125', 'G07.100.100.125', 'N06.850.505.200.100.175'], ['G07.203.650.240'], ['G11.427.410.698.277', 'I03.350'], ['F01.145.488'], ['I01.240.425', 'N01.224.425', 'N06.850.505.400.425'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.107.567.589'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C18.654.726.500', 'C23.888.144.699.500', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120.699.500', 'G07.100.100.160.120.699.500'], ['C23.888.144.699', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120.699', 'G07.100.100.160.120.699'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['N01.224.791', 'N06.850.505.400.800'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['F01.145.805'], ['I01.880.853.996', 'N01.824'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.160.560', 'E05.041.124.160.875', 'G07.100.100.160.560']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
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Subdiaphragmatic bronchogenic cyst with gastric communication.
|
Upper gastrointestinal series and computed tomography of the abdomen in an elderly women demonstrated a large multiloculated mass in the left subphrenic space that communicated with the fundus. The resected specimen showed histopathological features of bronchopulmonary foregut malformation.
|
['Bronchogenic Cyst', 'Diaphragm', 'Female', 'Gastric Fistula', 'Humans', 'Middle Aged', 'Radiography', 'Stomach']
| 3,169,478
|
[['C04.182.195', 'C08.127.480', 'C08.695.195', 'C16.131.740.195'], ['A02.633.567.900.300'], ['C06.267.375', 'C23.300.575.185.375'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.370.350.700'], ['A03.556.875.875']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
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Local vasodilator response to mobile phones.
|
OBJECTIVES: The use of mobile phones with the resulting generation of potentially harmful electromagnetic fields (EMF) is the focus of public interest. Heat generation and the activation of the inducible form of nitric oxide (NO) synthase may be possible causes of the biological effects of EMF exposure. We investigated if a mobile telephone conversation can modify skin temperature, NO, and nasal resistance.METHODS: We studied the effect of an EMF (900 MHz) generated by a commercially available cellular phone during a 30-minute telephone conversation on skin temperature, nasal NO measured by chemiluminescence, and nasal minimal cross-sectional area (MCA) measured by rhinometry. Eleven normal subjects (mean age +/- standard error of mean [SEM], 32 +/- 5 y; 10 male) were studied.RESULTS: There was a similar and significant increase in skin temperature of the nostril and occipital area on the same side as the telephone (maximal increase 2.3 +/- 0.2 degrees C at 6 min) as well as a tendency for higher nasal NO levels (maximal increase 12.9 +/- 4.9% at 10 min), whereas the MCA was significantly reduced (maximal decrease -27 +/- 6% at 15 min). Such changes were not recorded when an earpiece was used to avoid the direct exposure to the electromagnetic field. There were no changes in the skin temperature and nasal NO measured on the opposite side to the mobile phone, whereas the MCA was significantly increased (38 +/- 10%).CONCLUSIONS: Exposure to EMF produced by a mobile phone produces biological effects that can be easily measured. Microwaves may increase skin temperature and therefore cause vasodilation and reduce MCA. Further studies are needed to study the long-term effects of mobile phone use and the relation among NO production, vasodilation, and temperature.
|
['Acoustics', 'Adult', 'Airway Resistance', 'Electromagnetic Fields', 'Female', 'Hot Temperature', 'Humans', 'Linear Models', 'Luminescent Measurements', 'Male', 'Microwaves', 'Nasal Cavity', 'Nitric Oxide', 'Nitric Oxide Synthase', 'Nose', 'Occipital Bone', 'Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted', 'Skin Temperature', 'Telephone', 'Thermometers', 'Time Factors', 'Vasodilation', 'Vasodilator Agents']
| 11,192,886
|
[['H01.671.031'], ['M01.060.116'], ['E01.370.386.700.050', 'G09.772.060'], ['G01.358.500.260', 'G01.358.750.500'], ['G01.906.595.543', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710.380', 'G16.500.750.775.710.380', 'N06.230.300.100.725.232', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.740.500.500', 'E05.318.740.750.425', 'E05.599.835.750', 'N05.715.360.750.530.460', 'N05.715.360.750.695.460', 'N06.850.520.830.500.500', 'N06.850.520.830.750.425'], ['E05.196.712.516'], ['G01.358.500.505.810.500', 'G01.750.250.810.500', 'G01.750.770.721.500'], ['A04.531.449'], ['D01.339.387', 'D01.625.550.500', 'D01.625.700.500', 'D01.650.550.587.600'], ['D08.811.682.664.500.772'], ['A01.456.505.733', 'A04.531', 'A09.531'], ['A02.835.232.781.572'], ['L01.224.800'], ['G07.110.753', 'G13.750.844'], ['L01.178.847.698'], ['E07.900'], ['G01.910.857'], ['G09.330.380.928'], ['D27.505.954.411.918']]
|
['Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 1
| 1
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CNS pathways mediating cardiovascular regulation of vasopressin.
|
1. The release of vasopressin from the neurohypophysial terminals of hypothalamic magnocellular neurosecretory neurons is subject to regulation by peripheral baroreceptors, cardiopulmonary volume receptors and circulating angiotensin II. Information from these sources is transmitted through different pathways to achieve different influences on the excitability of the vasopressin-secreting cells. 2. A brief increase in arterial pressure, sufficient to activate baroreceptors, is associated with a transient and selective GABAergic inhibition of these neurosecretory neurons, achieved through a multisynaptic pathway that involves ascending catecholaminergic fibres and neurons in the diagonal band of Broca. A decrease in arterial pressure activates peripheral low volume receptors and initiating neural inputs that result in an increase in the excitability of vasopressin-secreting neurons, achieved via pathways that include direct projections from caudal ventrolateral medulla A1 neurons. 3. Hypotension also releases renal renin and leads to the formation of angiotensin II; binding of this hormone to AT1 receptors on subfornical organ neurons promotes activation of a central angiotensinergic input that evokes a predominantly excitatory effect on vasopressin neurons.
|
['Angiotensin II', 'Blood Pressure', 'Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena', 'Hypotension', 'Hypothalamus', 'Neurosecretory Systems', 'Pressoreceptors', 'Shock', 'Subfornical Organ', 'Vasopressins']
| 8,819,645
|
[['D06.472.699.094.078', 'D12.644.400.070.078', 'D12.644.456.073.041', 'D12.644.548.058.078', 'D12.776.631.650.070.078', 'D23.469.050.050.050'], ['E01.370.600.875.249', 'G09.330.380.076'], ['G09.330'], ['C14.907.514'], ['A08.186.211.180.497', 'A08.186.211.200.317.357'], ['A06.688', 'A08.713'], ['A08.675.650.915.750.750', 'A08.800.050.800.900.700', 'A08.800.950.750.750', 'A11.671.650.915.750.750'], ['C23.550.835'], ['A06.688.178.968', 'A08.713.049.968'], ['D06.472.699.631.692.781', 'D12.644.400.900', 'D12.644.456.925', 'D12.644.548.691.692.781', 'D12.776.631.650.937']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 0
| 1
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| 1
| 0
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| 0
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Myeloma-specific multiple peptides able to generate cytotoxic T lymphocytes: a potential therapeutic application in multiple myeloma and other plasma cell disorders.
|
PURPOSE: The efficacy of peptide vaccines may be enhanced by stimulating immune cells with multiple peptides derived from distinct tumor-associated antigens. We have evaluated the heteroclitic XBP1-US(184-192) (YISPWILAV), heteroclitic XBP1-SP(367-375) (YLFPQLISV), native CD138(260-268) (GLVGLIFAV), and native CS1(239-247) (SLFVLGLFL) peptides, which have strong HLA-A2 affinity and immunogenicity in combination, for their ability to elicit multiple myeloma antigen-specific responses.EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Multipeptide-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (MP-CTL) were generated by the stimulation of CD3(+) T lymphocytes from HLA-A2(+) individuals with either autologous mature dendritic cells or T2 cells pulsed with a cocktail of these four peptides.RESULTS: The peptide cocktail did not compromise tumor antigen-specific activity of CTLs. MP-CTLs displayed increased total, effector memory (CCR7(-)CD45RO(+)), and activated (CD69(+)) CD3(+)CD8(+) T lymphocytes. In addition, MP-CTL showed IFN-ã production, cell proliferation, and cytotoxicity against HLA-A2(+) multiple myeloma cells, including cells of HLA-A2(+) patients with multiple myeloma. Importantly, MP-CTLs showed specific responses in functional assays to each relevant peptide but not to an irrelevant HLA-A2-specific CMV pp65 (NLVPMVATV) peptide.CONCLUSIONS: These results highlight the potential therapeutic application of vaccination with a cocktail of HLA-A2-specific peptides to induce CTLs with a broad spectrum of immune responses against multiple myeloma antigens.
|
['Antigens, Neoplasm', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Cell Proliferation', 'DNA-Binding Proteins', 'HLA-A2 Antigen', 'Humans', 'Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins', 'Multiple Myeloma', 'Peptide Fragments', 'Peptides', 'Regulatory Factor X Transcription Factors', 'Syndecan-1', 'T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic', 'Transcription Factors', 'Vaccines, Subunit', 'X-Box Binding Protein 1']
| 22,753,586
|
[['D23.050.285'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['D12.776.260'], ['D12.776.395.550.489.400.020', 'D12.776.543.550.439.400.020', 'D23.050.301.500.100.400.020', 'D23.050.301.500.450.370.020', 'D23.050.705.552.100.400.020', 'D23.050.705.552.450.370.374'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.644.276', 'D12.776.467', 'D23.529'], ['C04.557.595.500', 'C14.907.454.460', 'C15.378.147.780.650', 'C15.378.463.515.460', 'C20.683.515.845', 'C20.683.780.650'], ['D12.644.541'], ['D12.644'], ['D12.776.260.950.624', 'D12.776.930.977.624'], ['D12.776.395.550.847.100', 'D12.776.395.650.350.500.100', 'D12.776.543.550.847.100'], ['A11.118.637.555.283.875', 'A11.118.637.555.567.550.500.200', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.220.200', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.500.200', 'A15.145.229.637.555.283.875', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.550.500.200', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.220.200', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.500.200', 'A15.382.490.555.283.875', 'A15.382.490.555.567.550.500.200', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.220.200', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.500.200'], ['D12.776.930'], ['D20.215.894.860'], ['D12.776.260.108.937', 'D12.776.930.127.937']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The immunosuppressant leflunomide blocks the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell cycle at the G1 phase.
|
Leflunomide is a novel immunomodulatory drug representing a new small molecule class of substances which are structurally unrelated to previously described immunomodulatory/immunosuppressive compounds. The effect of leflunomide on the cell cycle of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was investigated to elucidate the molecular mechanism of its action in eukaryotic organisms. When yeast cells were treated with leflunomide, unbudded cells were accumulated, suggesting that leflunomide may arrest the cell cycle in the G1 phase. When leflunomide-treated cells were subjected to heat shock treatment, the cells became resistant to heat shock treatment, implying that leflunomide-mediated block to cell division results in entry from the proliferative cycle into the alternative developmental G0 phase.
|
['Cell Cycle', 'Cell Division', 'Drug Resistance, Microbial', 'G1 Phase', 'Hot Temperature', 'Immunosuppressive Agents', 'Isoxazoles', 'Leflunomide', 'Mutation', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae']
| 8,837,482
|
[['G04.144'], ['G04.144.220', 'G04.161.750.500', 'G05.113', 'G07.345.249.410.750.500'], ['G06.225', 'G07.690.773.984.269'], ['G04.144.500.320'], ['G01.906.595.543', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710.380', 'G16.500.750.775.710.380', 'N06.230.300.100.725.232', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710.380'], ['D27.505.696.477.656'], ['D03.383.129.385'], ['D03.383.129.385.475'], ['G05.365.590'], ['B01.300.107.795.785.800', 'B01.300.930.705.655']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Array comparative genomic hybridization analysis of adult acute leukemia patients.
|
We have performed a retrospective array-based comparative hybridization (array-CGH) study on 41 acute leukemia samples [n=17 acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients only at diagnosis, n=3 ALL patients both at diagnosis and relapse; n=20 acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients only at diagnosis and n=1 AML patient both at diagnosis and relapse] using an Agilent 44K array. In addition to previously detected cytogenetic aberrations, we observed cryptic aberrations in 95% of ALL and 90.5% of AML cases. ALL-specific recurrent abnormalities were RB1 (n=3), PAX5 (n=4), and CDKN2B (n=3) deletions; AML-specific recurrent abnormalities were HOXA9 and HOXA10 (n=2) deletions and NOTCH1 duplication (n=2). Recurrent duplication of the ELK1 oncogene was observed in both ALL (n=2) and AML (n=3) cases. Our results demonstrate that oligo-array CGH (oaCGH) is an effective method for defining copy number alterations and identification of novel recurring unbalanced abnormalities. At least for now, however, the use of oaCGH for routine diagnosis still has some restrictions.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Chromosome Aberrations', 'Comparative Genomic Hybridization', 'Female', 'Humans', 'In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence', 'Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Mutation', 'Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis', 'Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction']
| 20,193,845
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['C23.550.210', 'G05.365.590.175'], ['E05.393.285.240', 'E05.393.520.500', 'E05.393.661.187'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.670.325.350', 'E01.370.225.750.600.670.325.350', 'E05.200.500.620.670.325.350', 'E05.200.750.600.670.325.350', 'E05.393.285.350', 'E05.393.661.475.350'], ['C04.557.337.539.275'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G05.365.590'], ['E05.393.661.640', 'E05.393.760.640', 'E05.588.570.660', 'E05.601.640'], ['C04.557.337.428.600', 'C15.604.515.560.600', 'C20.683.515.528.600'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.393.620.500.725']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
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Cell Surface N-Glycans Influence Electrophysiological Properties and Fate Potential of Neural Stem Cells.
|
Understanding the cellular properties controlling neural stem and progenitor cell (NSPC) fate choice will improve their therapeutic potential. The electrophysiological measure whole-cell membrane capacitance reflects fate bias in the neural lineage but the cellular properties underlying membrane capacitance are poorly understood. We tested the hypothesis that cell surface carbohydrates contribute to NSPC membrane capacitance and fate. We found NSPCs differing in fate potential express distinct patterns of glycosylation enzymes. Screening several glycosylation pathways revealed that the one forming highly branched N-glycans differs between neurogenic and astrogenic populations of cells in vitro and in vivo. Enhancing highly branched N-glycans on NSPCs significantly increases membrane capacitance and leads to the generation of more astrocytes at the expense of neurons with no effect on cell size, viability, or proliferation. These data identify the N-glycan branching pathway as a significant regulator of membrane capacitance and fate choice in the neural lineage.
|
['Acetylglucosamine', 'Animals', 'Astrocytes', 'Brain', 'Cell Differentiation', 'Cell Lineage', 'Cell Membrane', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Cell Size', 'Cell Survival', 'Electrophysiological Phenomena', 'Fucose', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Glycosylation', 'Mice', 'N-Acetylneuraminic Acid', 'Neural Stem Cells', 'Neurogenesis', 'Polysaccharides', 'Stem Cell Niche']
| 30,197,120
|
[['D09.067.342.531.050'], ['B01.050'], ['A08.637.200', 'A11.650.200'], ['A08.186.211'], ['G04.152'], ['G04.172', 'G07.345.500.325.180.500', 'G08.686.155', 'G08.686.784.170.104.249'], ['A11.284.149'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['G04.325'], ['G04.346'], ['G07.265'], ['D09.254.488'], ['G05.308'], ['G02.111.158.812', 'G02.607.299', 'G03.191.812'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['D02.241.081.844.562.668.050', 'D02.241.511.902.562.668.050', 'D09.067.687.668.030', 'D09.811.589.668.030'], ['A11.872.653'], ['G04.152.912', 'G07.345.500.325.377.687', 'G08.686.784.170.450.500', 'G11.561.620'], ['D09.698'], ['G04.366.249']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Photodynamic treatment has chondroprotective effects on articular cartilage.
|
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a disabling joint disease for which there is currently no cure. It is characterized by the destruction of articular cartilage. One strategy that is being explored for protecting the cartilage in OA is the administration of transforming growth factor-beta, which in vitro antagonizes cartilage degradation initiated by catabolic stimulants such as interleukin-1 (IL-1). The problems associated with selective delivery of the growth factor to chondrocytes, undesirable side-effects on joint tissues, and short biological half-life have led us to explore modalities aimed at activating transforming growth factor-beta that is stored in the cartilage as latent complexes. Photodynamic therapy is a two-step protocol of tissue sensitization with a light-activatable chemical called a photosensitizer followed at some interval by irradiation with the appropriate wavelength visible light. Biological effects are typically elicited through oxygen-dependent photochemistry without heat generation. Transforming growth factor-beta1 can be activated by oxidative mechanism(s), prompting us to explore whether photodynamic technology can be harnessed to modulate cartilage metabolism. Disks of bovine articular cartilage were photosensitized by incubation with a chlorin(e6)-succinylated polylysine conjugate and irradiated with 1-2 J/cm2 red light (lambdamax = 671 nm). This two-step regimen dramatically inhibited IL-1-stimulated proteoglycan degradation and concomitantly increased latent and active transforming growth factor-beta1 in culture medium. This research may lead to the development of minimally invasive photodynamic therapy in which light is delivered to locally activate a chondroprotective program in photosensitized cartilage in the context of OA.
|
['Animals', 'Animals, Newborn', 'Cartilage, Articular', 'Cattle', 'Glycosaminoglycans', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Interleukin-1', 'Photochemotherapy', 'Polylysine', 'Porphyrins', 'Radiation-Sensitizing Agents', 'Transforming Growth Factor beta', 'Transforming Growth Factor beta1']
| 11,918,303
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.050.282'], ['A02.165.407.150', 'A02.835.583.192'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['D09.698.373'], ['E05.481'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.010', 'D12.644.276.374.500.400', 'D12.776.467.374.465.010', 'D12.776.467.374.500.400', 'D23.529.374.465.131', 'D23.529.374.500.400'], ['E02.186.500', 'E02.319.685', 'E02.774.722'], ['D12.125.068.555.750', 'D12.125.095.647.750', 'D12.644.760'], ['D03.383.129.578.840.500', 'D03.633.400.909.500', 'D04.345.783.500', 'D23.767.727'], ['D27.505.954.600'], ['D12.644.276.374.687', 'D12.644.276.954.775', 'D12.776.467.374.687', 'D12.776.467.942.775', 'D23.529.374.687', 'D23.529.942.775'], ['D12.644.276.374.687.100', 'D12.644.276.954.775.100', 'D12.776.467.374.687.100', 'D12.776.467.942.775.100', 'D23.529.374.687.100', 'D23.529.942.775.100']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Value of various concepts in long-term electrocardiography].
|
With the introduction of long-term ECG by N. Holter more than 25 years ago a more sensitive detection of spontaneous arrhythmias and ST-changes became possible compared with the standard ECG at rest. Unfortunately, visual high-speed analysis of the tapes caused remarkable loss of stored informations due to the failure of rapid identification. Full disclosure of the ECG, therefore, is a valuable supplement to long-term ECG. As an isolated method, however, it cannot be recommended since the significantly reduced amplitude and paper speed of full disclosure likewise is responsible for a remarkable loss of informations. Only computer-aided analysis of the ECG provides more complete information and at the same time more quantitative data. Analysis of the accuracy of different computer-based systems showed, however, that a sensitivity as well as a positive predictive accuracy of 100% remains the exception to the rule. Moreover, the spectrum of cardiac arrhythmias and ST-changes identifiable by automatic analysis is small. For these reasons, interaction of the user is mandatory--in order to validate computer results as well as to detect ECG abnormalities unidentifiable by computer. The first is possible only to a limited degree with discontinuous ECG recording by event recorders, the last remains impossible. Thus, the promising concept of real-time cardiac monitors should be considered investigational or experimental at this time.
|
['Arrhythmias, Cardiac', 'Cardiac Complexes, Premature', 'Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted', 'Electrocardiography', 'Humans', 'Monitoring, Physiologic', 'Prognosis', 'Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted']
| 2,451,360
|
[['C14.280.067', 'C23.550.073'], ['C14.280.067.325', 'C14.280.123.375', 'C23.550.073.325'], ['E01.158', 'L01.313.500.750.100.158'], ['E01.370.370.380.240', 'E01.370.405.240'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.520'], ['E01.789'], ['L01.224.800']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Catecholamines and hemorrhagic shock in awake and anesthetized rats.
|
Catecholamines in plasma and tissue were determined during hemorrhagic shock in the rat. Two groups of rats were compared. 1. Awake rats bled to 70 mm Hg for 4 hours. 2. Anesthetized rats (pentobarbital sodium 60 mg/kg) bled to 35 mm Hg for 4 hours. The mortality rate was similar in both groups. The bled volume was also similar. The awake rats responded with tachycardia upon bleeding while the anesthetized rats responded with bradycardia. The basal plasma levels of noradrenaline (NA), adrenaline (A) and dopamine (DA) in the awake rats were 2.87, 4.09, and 0.51 nmol/l respectively and in the anesthetized rats 0.97, 0.54, and 0.56 nmol/l respectively. At the onset of bleeding there was a more rapid increase of plasma A and NA in the awake rats than in the anesthetized rats. In the awake rats plasma A reached its peak value (70 nmol/l) at 1 hour and then decreased, while NA showed a slow continuous rise to 17 nmol/l at 4 hours. In the anesthetized rats plasma A remained at a high level (about 60 nmol/l) between 1 and 4 hours, while there was a continuous rise of NA to 17 nmol/l at 4 hours. In these rats a very high DA level (17 nmol/l) was also found at 4 hours. The tissue content of NA was not significantly decreased in the heart while a significant decrease was seen in the skeletal muscle after bleeding for 4 hours. In the heart there was a substantial increase of A after bleeding. The A content of the adrenals decreased to about 25% of the initial value in the awake animals. The results show that barbiturate anesthesia considerably depresses the initial sympatho-adrenal response to bleeding.
|
['Adrenal Glands', 'Anesthesia', 'Animals', 'Catecholamines', 'Dopamine', 'Epinephrine', 'Heart Rate', 'Male', 'Muscles', 'Myocardium', 'Norepinephrine', 'Rats', 'Shock, Hemorrhagic']
| 455,594
|
[]
|
[]
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Cytotoxicity and effect on collagen biosynthesis of proline analogue of melphalan as a prolidase-convertible prodrug in cultured human skin fibroblasts.
|
Proline analogue of melphalan (MEL-PRO) was synthesised as a prodrug susceptible to the action of ubiquitously distributed, cytosolic imidodipeptidase--prolidase [E.C.3.4.13.9]. Conjugation of melphalan (MEL) with proline (PRO) through an imido-bond resulted in formation of a good substrate for prolidase. The susceptibility of MEL-PRO to the action of prolidase was found to be similar, compared to glycyl-proline--the most abundant, endogenous substrate for prolidase and about 6-fold higher compared to its substrate--glycyl-hydroxyproline. We have compared the transport of MEL and its prodrug through cell membrane, their antimitotic activity, cytotoxicity and effect on collagen biosynthesis in cultured, normal human skin fibroblasts. The prodrug was found to be more effectively transported into the cells than the free drug. Moreover, a lower cytotoxicity, antimitotic activity and inhibitory effect on collagen biosynthesis of the prodrug, compared to the free drug were observed after 24 h of incubation. MEL and MEL-PRO at concentrations of 12 microM led to the decrease in cell viability in confluent human skin fibroblasts by about 40 and 20%, respectively, during 24 h of incubation. IC50 of MEL for DNA synthesis (measured by thymidine incorporation assay) was found at about 7 microM, while MEL-PRO used at this concentration produced about 35% reduction in thymidine incorporation. Similarly, MEL and MEL-PRO used at 7 microM concentrations inhibited collagen biosynthesis in fibroblasts cultured for 24 h to about 30 and 80% of control values, respectively. However, when the cells were cultured with the drugs for 72 h, similar effects of both drugs on DNA and collagen biosynthesis were observed. The data suggest that MEL-PRO may serve as a prolidase-convertible prodrug that evokes lower cytotoxicity, antimitotic activity, and lower inhibitory effect on collagen biosynthesis in fibroblast cultures, compared to the free drug.
|
['Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating', 'Cell Survival', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Child', 'Collagen', 'Dipeptidases', 'Fibroblasts', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Melphalan', 'Prodrugs', 'Proline', 'Skin']
| 11,680,815
|
[['D27.505.519.124.035', 'D27.505.954.248.150', 'D27.888.569.035.035'], ['G04.346'], ['A11.251'], ['M01.060.406'], ['D05.750.078.280', 'D12.776.860.300.250'], ['D08.811.277.656.350.297'], ['A11.329.228'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D02.455.526.728.650.594', 'D12.125.072.050.685.500'], ['D26.675'], ['D12.125.072.401.623'], ['A17.815']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Wnt target genes identified by DNA microarrays in immature CD34+ thymocytes regulate proliferation and cell adhesion.
|
The thymus is seeded by very small numbers of progenitor cells that undergo massive proliferation before differentiation and rearrangement of TCR genes occurs. Various signals mediate proliferation and differentiation of these cells, including Wnt signals. Wnt signals induce the interaction of the cytoplasmic cofactor beta-catenin with nuclear T cell factor (TCF) transcription factors. We identified target genes of the Wnt/beta-catenin/TCF pathway in the most immature (CD4-CD8-CD34+) thymocytes using Affymetrix DNA microarrays in combination with three different functional assays for in vitro induction of Wnt signaling. A relatively small number (approximately 30) of genes changed expression, including several proliferation-inducing transcription factors such as c-fos and c-jun, protein phosphatases, and adhesion molecules, but no genes involved in differentiation to mature T cell stages. The adhesion molecules likely confine the proliferating immature thymocytes to the appropriate anatomical sites in the thymus. For several of these target genes, we validated that they are true Wnt/beta-catenin/TCF target genes using real-time quantitative PCR and reporter gene assays. The same core set of genes was repressed in Tcf-1-null mice, explaining the block in early thymocyte development in these mice. In conclusion, Wnt signals mediate proliferation and cell adhesion, but not differentiation of the immature thymic progenitor pool.
|
['Animals', 'Antigens, CD34', 'Cell Adhesion', 'Cell Differentiation', 'Cell Division', 'Cell-Free System', 'Child', 'Cytoskeletal Proteins', 'DNA-Binding Proteins', 'Genes, Reporter', 'Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 1-alpha', 'Humans', 'Lithium Chloride', 'Lymphoid Enhancer-Binding Factor 1', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis', 'Protein Biosynthesis', 'Proteins', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins', 'Retroviridae', 'Signal Transduction', 'T Cell Transcription Factor 1', 'T-Lymphocyte Subsets', 'Thymus Gland', 'Trans-Activators', 'Transcription Factors', 'Transduction, Genetic', 'Transfection', 'Wnt Proteins', 'Wnt3 Protein', 'Zebrafish Proteins', 'beta Catenin']
| 14,707,084
|
[['B01.050'], ['D23.050.301.264.035.134', 'D23.101.100.110.134'], ['G04.022'], ['G04.152'], ['G04.144.220', 'G04.161.750.500', 'G05.113', 'G07.345.249.410.750.500'], ['A11.284.835.168'], ['M01.060.406'], ['D12.776.220'], ['D12.776.260'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.435'], ['D12.776.260.262.500.500', 'D12.776.260.400.218.500', 'D12.776.660.352.500.500', 'D12.776.930.318.500.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D01.210.450.150.450', 'D01.510.500'], ['D12.776.260.730.500', 'D12.776.660.235.400.800.500', 'D12.776.664.235.400.800.500', 'D12.776.930.875.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['E05.393.661.640', 'E05.393.760.640', 'E05.588.570.660', 'E05.601.640'], ['G02.111.660.871', 'G03.734.871', 'G05.297.670'], ['D12.776'], ['D12.776.624.664.700'], ['B04.613.807', 'B04.820.650'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['D12.776.260.730.750', 'D12.776.660.235.400.800.750', 'D12.776.664.235.400.800.750', 'D12.776.930.875.750'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.550.500', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.500', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.550.500', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.500', 'A15.382.490.555.567.550.500', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.500'], ['A10.549.750', 'A15.382.520.604.750'], ['D12.776.260.755', 'D12.776.930.900', 'D12.776.964.925.984'], ['D12.776.930'], ['E05.393.350.800', 'G05.728.850'], ['E05.393.350.810', 'G05.728.860'], ['D12.776.467.984', 'D23.529.984'], ['D12.776.467.984.300', 'D23.529.984.300'], ['D12.776.325.500'], ['D12.776.091.249', 'D12.776.220.145.500', 'D12.776.930.130']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Attenuated expression of 70-kDa heat shock protein in WI-38 human fibroblasts during aging in vitro.
|
We examined the effects of cellular aging on the expression of the heat shock-inducible HSP70 gene in WI-38 diploid human fibroblasts serially passaged in vitro. The senescence of the cells was established by evaluating population doubling level, cell density at confluency, and cell morphology along with the detection of senescence-associated beta-galactosidase activity (histochemically detectable at pH 6), a reliable marker of aging in low-density cultures. A marked decrease in the synthesis and accumulation of the inducible HSP70 protein was observed in serum-fed late passage cells exposed to a severe heat shock (30 min at 45 degrees C) in comparison to early passage cells. However, the degree of HSF-DNA binding, monitored by gel retardation assay was similar in both early and late passage cells. Similarly, Northern blotting analysis indicated that comparable amounts of inducible HSP70 mRNA were present in the total RNA fraction, in the total polyadenylated RNA fraction, or in the nuclear polyadenylated RNA fraction extracted from both early and late passage cells. In contrast, much less inducible HSP70 mRNA was detected in the total cytoplasmic RNA fraction or in the polyadenylated cytoplasmic RNA fraction of late passage cells. Thus age-related differences in heat-induced HSP70 synthesis and accumulation observed in serum-fed WI-38 cells appeared to result from an impairment in the posttranscriptional processing of the HSP70 mRNA at a level following the polyadenylation step and preceding translocation from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. When HF were serum deprived for 20 h before heat shock, the induction of HSP70 mRNA was less than 30% reduced in early passage cells in comparison to serum-fed cells; however, the level of HSP70 mRNA was markedly (over 80%) decreased in serum-deprived late passage cells. This result indicated that the presence of serum has a strong influence on heat shock-induced HSP70 gene expression in human fibroblasts aging in vitro.
|
['Base Sequence', 'Biomarkers', 'Cell Line', 'Cell Nucleus', 'Cellular Senescence', 'Culture Media, Serum-Free', 'Cytoplasm', 'DNA Primers', 'Fibroblasts', 'Gene Expression', 'HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins', 'Heat-Shock Response', 'Humans', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'RNA, Messenger', 'beta-Galactosidase']
| 10,502,396
|
[['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['D23.101'], ['A11.251.210'], ['A11.284.430.106', 'A11.284.430.214.190.875.117'], ['G04.043'], ['D27.720.470.305.255', 'E07.206.255'], ['A11.284.430.214'], ['D13.695.578.424.450.275', 'D27.720.470.530.600.223.600'], ['A11.329.228'], ['G05.297'], ['D12.776.580.216.375'], ['G07.775.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.481'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['D08.811.277.450.410.100']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The analysis of RCAS1 and DFF-45 expression in nasal polyps with respect to immune cells infiltration.
|
BACKGROUND: Nasal polyp constitutes a benign growth process in the nasal and sinus mucosa. RCAS1 (receptor-binding cancer antigen expressed on SiSo cells) is a protein expressed mainly by various human cancer cells. It is not only the marker of cancer process and its expression can also be observed in physiological processes. It is responsible for the regulation of immune cells activity. DFF45 (DNA fragmenting factor) has been described as a substrate for caspase-3. DFF45 seems to play an important role in the onset of apoptotic process by acting probably through the regulation of DNA fragmentation. The aim of the study was to evaluate the ability of nasal polyps to regulate the cytotoxic immune response and to determine their resistance to apoptosis.RESULTS: The higher RCAS1 level was identified in lymphocytic nasal polyps, the medium one in eosinophilic while the lowest was identified in neutrophilic. DFF-45 expression was higher in eosinophilic than in neutrophilic and lymphocytic nasal polyps.CONCLUSION: The changes in DFF-45 level in nasal polyps might indicate a different resistance to apoptosis mediated by immune cells. The alterations in RCAS1 expression indicate that nasal polyps have the ability to regulate the cytotoxic immune response. The breaking of resistance to immune mediated apoptosis in nasal polyps might have a new therapeutic impact.
|
['Adult', 'Antigens, Neoplasm', 'Apoptosis', 'Cell Movement', 'Eosinophils', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Lymphocytes', 'Male', 'Nasal Polyps', 'Neutrophils', 'Proteins']
| 16,551,346
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D23.050.285'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['G04.198', 'G07.568.500.180'], ['A11.118.637.415.345', 'A11.627.340.345', 'A15.145.229.637.415.345', 'A15.382.490.315.251'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A11.118.637.555.567', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567', 'A15.382.490.555.567'], ['C08.460.572', 'C09.603.557', 'C23.300.825.557'], ['A11.118.637.415.583', 'A11.627.340.583', 'A11.733.689', 'A15.145.229.637.415.583', 'A15.382.490.315.583', 'A15.382.680.689'], ['D12.776']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Time trends and geographic variations in the prevalence of hypospadias in China.
|
BACKGROUND: Little is known about the main epidemiologic characteristics of hypospadias prevalence in China. We investigated the time trends and geographic variations in the prevalence of hypospadias in China from 1996 to 2008.METHODS: Data were retrieved from the hospital-based birth defects monitoring system in China from 1996 to 2008. We used prevalence ratios (PRs) to describe the difference in prevalence of hypospadias between urban and rural areas, as well as among different regions. Poisson regression was used to explore the long time trend for the prevalence of hypospadias and its regional disparity.RESULTS: The prevalences of hypospadias for isolated anomalies, multiple anomalies, and overall cases were 7.64, 1.39, and 9.03 per 10,000 births, respectively. The national PRs (urban vs. rural) of hypospadias for overall and isolated cases were 1.25 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.16-1.35) and 1.27 (95% CI, 1.17-1.38), respectively. The highest prevalence (12.10 per 10,000 births) was observed in the eastern region. A positive correlation was found between the prevalence of hypospadias and maternal age (p < 0.01). The average annual increase of 7.43% (95% CI, 5.52-9.38%) was observed in the overall prevalence of hypospadias in China; it was 5.28% (95% CI, 4.16-6.43%) in urban areas, 9.79% (95% CI, 7.72-11.90%) in rural areas, 9.08% (95% CI, 6.36-11.86%) in the eastern region, 4.76% (95% CI, 2.93-6.62%) in the central region, and 6.57% (95% CI, 4.44-8.74%) in the western region.CONCLUSION: The increasing trends and differences of hypospadias prevalence by urban-rural classification and geographical location suggest that environmental exposure and maternal age might have a critical role in the development of hypospadias.
|
['China', 'Congenital Abnormalities', 'Environmental Exposure', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hypospadias', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Male', 'Maternal Age', 'Medical Records', 'Population Surveillance', 'Prevalence', 'Rural Population', 'Time Factors', 'Urban Population']
| 21,960,504
|
[['Z01.252.474.164'], ['C16.131'], ['N06.850.460.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C12.294.494.400', 'C12.706.516', 'C13.351.875.466', 'C16.131.939.516'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['G08.686.560', 'N05.715.350.075.550', 'N06.850.490.250.550'], ['E05.318.308.940.968', 'N04.452.859.564', 'N05.715.360.300.715.500', 'N06.850.520.308.940.968'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.700', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.625', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.700', 'N06.850.780.675'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['N01.600.725'], ['G01.910.857'], ['N01.600.900']]
|
['Geographicals [Z]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Management of persistent glaucoma secondary to depot methylprednisolone.
|
This article describes two patients with recalcitrant ocular hypertension persisting 6 and 4 months, respectively, after periocular injection of methylprednisolone acetate despite maximum medical therapy. White sub-Tenon's plaques of residual methylprednisolone acetate were excised surgically and analyzed for steroid activity using spectrophotometry. In both cases, intraocular pressure was normalized promptly after surgical removal of visible steroid. In both instances, biochemical analysis of the excised samples revealed residual steroid. Surgical removal of a residual methylprednisolone depot is an effective management choice in patients developing persistent intraocular pressure elevation after periocular injection.
|
['Adult', 'Anti-Inflammatory Agents', 'Glaucoma', 'Humans', 'Injections', 'Male', 'Methylprednisolone', 'Methylprednisolone Acetate', 'Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures', 'Orbit', 'Panuveitis', 'Pars Planitis']
| 17,955,845
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D27.505.954.158'], ['C11.525.381'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.319.267.530'], ['D04.210.500.745.432.769.795.539'], ['D04.210.500.745.432.769.795.539.250'], ['E04.540'], ['A02.835.232.781.324.690'], ['C11.941.879.780'], ['C11.941.160.478.700', 'C11.941.879.780.900.300.659', 'C11.941.879.900.500']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Constructing mental illness as dangerous: a pilot study.
|
OBJECTIVE: There is a dearth of studies examining how dangerousness is constructed in media depictions of mentally ill individuals who are frequently portrayed as acting violently. The aim of the present study was to identify the contribution of diverse technical, semiotic and discursive resources utilised in portraying a character with a mental illness in a prime-time drama as dangerous.METHOD: Discourse analytic techniques, involving systematic, repeated, critical viewings, were applied to a single program drawn from a sample of prime-time television drama episodes touching on mental illness.RESULTS: Nine devices (appearance, music and sound effects, lighting, language, intercutting, jump-cutting, point of view shots, horror conventions and intertextuality) were identified as contributing to the signified dangerousness of person receiving care in the community for a mental illness.CONCLUSIONS: These techniques combine in signifying mental illness and a person suffering from it as dangerous. The findings suggest that mental health professionals working to reduce the stigma of mental illness need to have a reasonably sophisticated understanding of the practices and priorities of television production if they are to collaborate effectively with producers to create dramas that convey more human and sympathetic understandings of mental illness or to combat the negative effects of such portrayals.
|
['Dangerous Behavior', 'Humans', 'Language', 'Mental Disorders', 'Music', 'Pilot Projects', 'Television']
| 10,336,222
|
[['F01.145.263', 'I01.880.735.223'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.145.209.399', 'L01.559'], ['F03'], ['K01.602'], ['E05.318.372.750', 'E05.337.737', 'N05.715.360.330.720', 'N06.850.520.450.720'], ['J01.897.280.500.898', 'L01.178.590.875', 'L01.178.820.090.898', 'L01.178.847.823']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Predictability of cerebral palsy in a high-risk NICU population.
|
AIM: This study aims to create a predictive model for the assessment of the individual risk of developing cerebral palsy in a large cohort of selected high-risk infants.PATIENTS AND METHODS: 1099 NICU-admitted high-risk infants were assessed up to the corrected age of at least 12 months. CP was categorized relative to subtype, distribution and severity. Several perinatal characteristics (gender, gestational age, multiple gestation, small for gestational age, perinatal asphyxia and duration of mechanical ventilation), besides neonatal cerebral ultrasound data were used in the logistic regression model for the risk of CP.RESULTS: Perinatal asphyxia, mechanical ventilation>7 days, white matter disease except for transient echodensities<7 days, intraventricular haemorrhage grades III and IV, cerebral infarction and deep grey matter lesions were recognized as independent predictors for the development of CP. 95% of all children with CP were correctly identified at or above the cut-off value of 4.5% probability of CP development. Higher gestational age, perinatal asphyxia and deep grey matter lesion are independent predictors for non-spastic versus spastic CP (OR=1.1, 3.6, and 7.5, respectively). Independent risk factors for prediction of unilateral versus bilateral spastic CP are higher gestational age, cerebral infarction and parenchymal haemorrhagic infarction (OR=1.2, 31, and 17.6, respectively). Perinatal asphyxia is the only significant variable retained for the prediction of severe CP versus mild or moderate CP.CONCLUSION: The presented model based on perinatal characteristics and neonatal US-detected brain injuries is a useful tool in identifying specific infants at risk for developing CP.
|
['Cerebral Palsy', 'Cohort Studies', 'Echoencephalography', 'Female', 'Gestational Age', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Intensive Care Units, Neonatal', 'Logistic Models', 'Male', 'Pregnancy', 'Pregnancy, Multiple', 'Regression Analysis', 'Respiration, Artificial', 'Risk Assessment', 'Risk Factors']
| 20,542,648
|
[['C10.228.140.140.254'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['E01.370.350.578.937.260', 'E01.370.350.700.560.260', 'E01.370.350.850.260', 'E01.370.376.537.750.260', 'E05.629.937.260'], ['G07.345.500.325.235.968', 'G08.686.320'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['N02.278.388.493.390.380'], ['E05.318.740.500.525', 'E05.318.740.600.800.450', 'E05.318.740.750.450', 'E05.599.835.875', 'N05.715.360.750.530.480', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.450', 'N05.715.360.750.695.470', 'N06.850.520.830.500.525', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.450', 'N06.850.520.830.750.450'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['G08.686.784.769.545'], ['E05.318.740.750', 'N05.715.360.750.695', 'N06.850.520.830.750'], ['E02.041.625', 'E02.365.647.729', 'E02.880.820'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.715', 'N04.452.871.715', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.690', 'N06.850.505.715', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.715'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Intravenous immunoglobulin replacement therapy in the treatment of patients with common variable immunodeficiency disease: an open-label prospective study.
|
BACKGROUND: Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is characterized by humoral immunodeficiency resulting in increased susceptibility to infections and diminished responses to protein and polysaccharide vaccines. Intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIgs) constitute a replacement therapeutic regimen for CVID and other primary and selected secondary immunodeficiencies but their mode of action is still not fully understood.OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of IVIg replacement therapy on the population of regulatory T cells (cells expressing CD4, CD25 and low levels of CD127) [T(regs)]), plasma levels of interleukin (IL)-2 and IL-10, and expression of fragment, crystallizable ã receptor IIb (Fc ã RIIb) [CD32b] on CD19+ B cells in CVID patients.METHODS: This was an open-label prospective trial that included 17 CVID patients and seven healthy subjects as case controls. The diagnosis of CVID was primarily established by clinical criteria designed by the European Society for Immunodeficiencies (ESID) and was confirmed by low serum levels of two out of three subclasses of immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA or IgM). All CVID patients were treated with the IVIg preparation Flebogamma® 5%, a highly purified, pasteurized normal human IgG extracted from the serum of healthy individuals, administered at a dose of 300 mg/kg by slow 2-hour intravenous infusion. Blood samples were collected 30 minutes before the infusion and 30 minutes and 2 weeks after the termination of the infusion. We examined: (i) the plasma levels of IL-2 and IL-10; (ii) the percentage of CD4+ T cells and T(regs); and (iii) the expression of Fc ã RIIb on the surface of CD19+ B cells.RESULTS: CVID patients had higher plasma levels of IL-2 (p = 0.045) and IL-10 (p = 0.002) as well as a higher expression of Fc ã RIIb on CD19+ B cells (p = 0.0119) before IVIg compared with healthy controls. The infusion of IVIg led to further increases in the plasma levels of these cytokines 30 minutes after the termination of the infusion versus baseline (IL-2: p = 0.0004; IL-10: p = 0.0003). IVIg did not affect the expression of Fc ã RIIb. Finally, IVIg infusion resulted in elevation of the percentages of CD4+ T cells (p = 0.028) and T(regs) (p = 0.006) in the blood 30 minutes after the infusion.CONCLUSION: Flebogamma® 5% as replacement therapy not only supplies immunoglobulins but also modulates the immune response, and in this way may provide additional benefits to patients with CVID.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'B-Lymphocytes', 'CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Common Variable Immunodeficiency', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Immunoglobulins, Intravenous', 'Interleukin-10', 'Interleukin-2', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Prospective Studies', 'T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory', 'Time Factors', 'Young Adult']
| 21,473,654
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['A11.063.438', 'A11.118.637.555.567.562', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.562', 'A15.382.032.438', 'A15.382.490.555.567.562'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.569.200', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.200', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.200'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['C20.673.330'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.619.393.536', 'D12.776.124.486.485.114.632', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.632', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.632'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.510', 'D12.776.467.374.465.510', 'D23.529.374.465.510'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.021', 'D12.644.276.374.480.372', 'D12.776.467.374.465.021', 'D12.776.467.374.480.372', 'D23.529.374.465.155', 'D23.529.374.480.372'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.550.500.700', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.200.700', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.500.700', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.550.500.700', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.200.700', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.500.700', 'A15.382.490.555.567.550.500.700', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.200.700', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.500.700'], ['G01.910.857'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Effects of para-chlorophenylalanine and tryptophan on learning of a brightness discrimination in rats.
|
Both the learning of brightness discrimination, discrimination reversal and a simple oddity problem, and the pain-sensitivity to electric shock were studied in rats treated with 100 mg/kg of D, L-parachlorophenylalanine (PCPA), 100 mg/kg of D, L-tryptophan (TP) or 2.0 ml/kg of control solution (CS). At the end of the last behavioral session all animals were killed and the levels and rate of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) synthesis were measured. PCPA treatments produce rats which are more effective in coping with a problem; these animals were similar in that both the levels and turnover rate of brain 5-HT and the pain-sensitivity were lower. Results are tentatively explained suggesting that these differences in learning ability could be a result of the drug's action in pain-sensitivity. The possibility that 5-HT might be responsible for these differences is discussed.
|
['Animals', 'Discrimination Learning', 'Fenclonine', 'Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid', 'Male', 'Photic Stimulation', 'Problem Solving', 'Rats', 'Reaction Time', 'Reversal Learning', 'Serotonin', 'Tryptophan']
| 136,233
|
[['B01.050'], ['F02.463.425.280'], ['D12.125.072.050.685.440'], ['D03.066.288.478', 'D03.633.100.473.404.478'], ['E05.723.729'], ['F02.463.425.725', 'F02.463.785.810'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['E05.796.817', 'F02.830.650', 'F04.669.817', 'G11.561.677'], ['F02.463.425.798'], ['D02.092.211.215.801.852', 'D03.633.100.473.914.814', 'D23.469.050.650'], ['D12.125.072.050.850', 'D12.125.142.875']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Diagnosing smallpox: would you know it if you saw it?
|
The intentional release of anthrax in the United States in 2001 and other recent acts of terrorism have highlighted the possibility of intentional release of smallpox by terrorists. Little is known about physicians' ability to diagnose smallpox, especially in the critical first days, when the potential for rapid control of transmission is greatest. During December 2002 and January 2003, primary care and emergency physicians at a large urban academic medical center were surveyed regarding the diagnosis and management of patients who present with vesicular rash illness. In addition to demographic and training-related questions, the questionnaire included items about perceived comfort in diagnosing and evaluating rashes, knowledge of the key differential diagnostic characteristics of chickenpox and smallpox, and the diagnostic interpretation of color photographs of patients with smallpox or chickenpox. Responses were summarized as a perceived comfort score, a differential diagnosis score, and a picture score. Of 266 eligible physicians, 178 (67%) responded. Of these, 95% thought clinicians need more education about bioterrorism; only 17% reported comfort in diagnosing smallpox. Although most physicians recognized pictures of smallpox and chickenpox, only 36% correctly answered 3 of 4 questions regarding differential diagnosis, an important aspect of identifying cases early. Those who were comfortable diagnosing rash illnesses had higher differential diagnosis scores. Strategies for bioterrorism-related training could take advantage of physicians' awareness of their own knowledge deficits.
|
['Attitude of Health Personnel', 'Chickenpox', 'Data Collection', 'Diagnosis, Differential', 'Emergency Medical Services', 'Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice', 'Humans', 'Pediatrics', 'Physicians', 'Physicians, Family', 'Smallpox', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Terrorism']
| 15,588,053
|
[['F01.100.050', 'N05.300.100'], ['C01.925.256.466.930.250'], ['E05.318.308', 'L01.399.250', 'N05.715.360.300', 'N06.850.520.308'], ['E01.171'], ['N02.421.297'], ['F01.100.150.500', 'N05.300.150.410'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['H02.403.670'], ['M01.526.485.810', 'N02.360.810'], ['M01.526.485.810.770', 'N02.360.810.770'], ['C01.925.256.743.826'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['I01.198.240.856.800', 'I01.880.735.900.800']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Diagnosis of the nutcracker syndrome with color Doppler sonography: correlation with flow patterns on retrograde left renal venography.
|
OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to confirm flow patterns of the left renal vein and assess the usefulness of color Doppler sonography in the diagnosis of the renal vein entrapment, or nutcracker, syndrome.SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Forty-four patients with hematuria of unknown origin underwent color Doppler sonography, renal arteriography, retrograde left renal venography, and renocaval pressure measurement. The flow patterns were classified according to the presence or absence of distended left renal veins on sonograms and collateral veins on retrograde venograms. The sensitivity and specificity of color Doppler sonography for revealing the nutcracker syndrome were assessed by analyzing pressure gradients in combination with the venograms, which were used as the gold standard.RESULTS: Twenty-one nondistended left renal veins were seen, including 19 (43%) without collateral veins or hypertension and two (5%) with collateral veins but without hypertension (long-term nutcracker syndrome). The 23 distended left renal veins included seven without collateral veins or hypertension and one with hypertension but without collateral veins (early nutcracker syndrome). The remaining 15 distended left renal veins with collateral veins included 11 (25%) with borderline hypertension (partially compensatory status of the syndrome) and four (9%) with hypertension (noncompensatory status of the syndrome). The sensitivity and specificity of color Doppler sonography for revealing the nutcracker syndrome were 78% and 100%, respectively, when color flow in collateral veins was included in the diagnostic criteria.CONCLUSION: The nutcracker syndrome can exist in either nondistended or distended left renal veins. However, normal flow also can exist in distended left renal veins. The ability of color Doppler sonography to reveal color flow in collateral veins is useful for the noninvasive diagnosis of the nutcracker syndrome.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Blood Flow Velocity', 'Constriction, Pathologic', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Peripheral Vascular Diseases', 'Radiography', 'Renal Veins', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Syndrome', 'Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color']
| 9,888,735
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['E01.370.370.130', 'G09.330.380.630.080'], ['C23.300.287'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C14.907.617'], ['E01.370.350.700'], ['A07.015.908.752'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['C23.550.288.500'], ['E01.370.350.850.850.850.850']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Linkage Disequilibrium Estimation in Low Coverage High-Throughput Sequencing Data.
|
High-throughput sequencing methods that multiplex a large number of individuals have provided a cost-effective approach for discovering genome-wide genetic variation in large populations. These sequencing methods are increasingly being utilized in population genetic studies across a diverse range of species. Two side-effects of these methods, however, are (1) sequencing errors and (2) heterozygous genotypes called as homozygous due to only one allele at a particular locus being sequenced, which occurs when the sequencing depth is insufficient. Both of these errors have a profound effect on the estimation of linkage disequilibrium (LD) and, if not taken into account, lead to inaccurate estimates. We developed a new likelihood method, GUS-LD, to estimate pairwise linkage disequilibrium using low coverage sequencing data that accounts for undercalled heterozygous genotypes and sequencing errors. Our findings show that accurate estimates were obtained using GUS-LD, whereas underestimation of LD results if no adjustment is made for the errors.
|
['Algorithms', 'Animals', 'Data Accuracy', 'Deer', 'Genome-Wide Association Study', 'Genotype', 'Heterozygote', 'Linkage Disequilibrium', 'Sequence Analysis, DNA']
| 29,588,288
|
[['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['B01.050'], ['E05.318.308.028', 'E05.318.370.725.250', 'L01.399.250.202', 'N05.715.360.300.202', 'N05.715.360.325.685.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.373'], ['E05.318.370.392', 'E05.318.416.249', 'E05.393.385.500', 'E05.393.522.500', 'E05.393.760.640.500', 'N06.850.520.445.392', 'N06.850.520.470.500'], ['G05.380'], ['G05.380.383'], ['G05.348.500'], ['E05.393.760.700']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Follicular populations, recruitment and atresia in the ovaries of different strains of mice.
|
Follicular atresia is a key event in the selection of the ovulatory follicles and occurs during all developmental stages. The aims of the study were to evaluate the follicular population as well as the rates of follicular recruitment and atresia in different strains of mice. Ovaries were obtained from four strains of mice: G1/ Swiss, G2/ F1 Swiss?C57BL/6, G3/ inbred strain C57BL/6, and G4/ F1 C57BL/6?Swiss. All mice used in the study were 60 days old. Ovaries collected from the mice were fixed and processed for histological analysis. The G2 ovaries were also used to examine immunolocalization of active caspase-3. The pimordial follicle population was smaller in G3 mice than in G1, G2 and G4 groups (7 565±1 845 vs. 17 180±3 159, 14 785±3 319 and 13 325±2 685, respectively; p<0.05). The rate of follicular recruitment in G3, however, was higher than in the other groups (29.2% vs. 18.2%, 17.3% and 13.0% in G1, G2 and G4, respectively; p<0.05), resulting in a similar (p>0.05) number of antral follicles among groups. The small follicular pool in G3 mice was also associated with a lower rate of follicular atresia (11.4% vs. 17.2%, 16.7% and 13.6% for G3, G1, G2 and G4, respectively; p<0.05). The number of follicles stained with active caspase-3 was higher (p<0.05) during the final stage of preantral folliculogenesis than in other stages of follicular development suggesting that apoptosis in mice occurs earlier in comparison to large animals. Thus, it was concluded that differences in follicle reservoir among mice strains are compensated by an increased rate of follicular recruitment and a decreased rate of follicular atresia; and atresia occurs in mice mainly at the end of the preantral stage of folliculogenesis.
|
['Animals', 'Apoptosis', 'Caspase 3', 'Female', 'Follicular Atresia', 'Granulosa Cells', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Oocytes', 'Ovarian Follicle', 'Ovary', 'Species Specificity']
| 22,472,939
|
[['B01.050'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['D08.811.277.656.262.500.126.350.300', 'D08.811.277.656.300.200.126.350.300', 'D12.644.360.075.405.350.300', 'D12.776.476.075.405.350.300'], ['G08.686.290'], ['A05.360.319.114.630.535.200', 'A06.300.312.497.535.300', 'A11.382.812', 'A11.436.329'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['A05.360.490.690.680', 'A11.497.497.600'], ['A05.360.319.114.630.535', 'A06.300.312.497.535'], ['A05.360.319.114.630', 'A05.360.576.497', 'A06.300.312.497'], ['G16.824']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Purification, crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction analysis of the carbohydrate-binding region of the Streptococcus gordonii adhesin GspB.
|
The carbohydrate-binding region of the bacterial adhesin GspB from Streptococcus gordonii strain M99 (GspB(BR)) was expressed in Escherichia coli and purified using affinity and size-exclusion chromatography. Separate sparse-matrix screening of GspB(BR) buffered in either 20 mM Tris pH 7.4 or 20 mM HEPES pH 7.5 resulted in different crystallographic behavior such that different precipitants, salts and additives supported crystallization of GspB(BR) in each buffer. While both sets of conditions supported crystal growth in space group P2(1)2(1)2(1), the crystals had distinct unit-cell parameters of a = 33.3, b = 86.7, c = 117.9 ? for crystal form 1 and a = 34.6, b = 98.3, c = 99.0 ? for crystal form 2. Additive screening improved the crystals grown in both conditions such that diffraction extended to beyond 2 ? resolution. A complete data set has been collected to 1.3 ? resolution with an overall R(merge) value of 0.04 and an R(merge) value of 0.33 in the highest resolution shell.
|
['Adhesins, Bacterial', 'Crystallization', 'Crystallography, X-Ray', 'Streptococcus gordonii']
| 21,045,307
|
[['D12.776.097.120.050', 'D12.776.543.100.050', 'D23.050.161.050'], ['E05.196.300', 'G02.171'], ['E05.196.309.742.225'], ['B03.353.750.737.872.260', 'B03.510.400.800.872.260', 'B03.510.550.737.872.260']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Infectious complications in children with end-stage renal disease on replacement therapy].
|
BACKGROUND: Annually, 5000 children younger than 20 years of age and 200 younger than two-years require treatment for chronic kidney disease (CKD). The objective was to estimate the incidence rate of infectious complications in children requiring renal replacement therapy.METHODS: Retrospective cohort. Patients with a minimum of three months of follow-up in programs of peritoneal dialysis and hemodyalisis were included. The incidence rate for infections associated to replacement therapy was calculated.RESULTS: 67 patients were analysed. In 88 %, initial therapy for CKD was peritoneal dialysis. A total of 52 episodes of peritonitis occured, with an incidence rate of 0.63 episodes/patient-year. Thirty children (48 %) never had an episode of peritonits during the folow-up. At six months, 90 % of the children had the same peritoneal dialysis catheter, decreasing to 84, 74 and 50 % at 12, 18 and 24 months, respectively. Forty-five children were on hemodialysis, 82 % preceded by peritoneal dialysis. Dialysis treatment time in 25 % of them was longer than 19 months. Twenty-two episodes of catheter-related bacteremia occurred, with an incidence rate of 1 episode/1000 catheter-days or 2.5/1000 hemodyalisis sesions. Twenty-nine patients received a transplant (43 %); two of them died. Median waiting time to transplant was 15 months.CONCLUSIONS: Incidence rate of infectious complications was similar to the rates reported in the literature by other centers. At 20 months, half of the patients had at least one infectious complication.
|
['Adolescent', 'Bacteremia', 'Candidiasis', 'Catheter-Related Infections', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections', 'Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections', 'Humans', 'Incidence', 'Infant', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Kidney Failure, Chronic', 'Kidney Transplantation', 'Male', 'Mexico', 'Peritonitis', 'Renal Dialysis', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Risk Factors', 'Time Factors']
| 26,509,300
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['C01.150.252.100', 'C01.757.100', 'C23.550.470.790.500.100'], ['C01.150.703.160'], ['C01.195'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['C01.150.252.400'], ['C01.150.252.410'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.375', 'N01.224.935.597.500', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.375', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.375'], ['M01.060.703'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['C12.777.419.780.750.500', 'C13.351.968.419.780.750.500'], ['E02.870.500', 'E04.936.450.485', 'E04.950.774.400'], ['Z01.107.567.589'], ['C01.463.600', 'C06.844.640'], ['E02.870.300', 'E02.912.800'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Estimating subcatchment runoff coefficients using weather radar and a downstream runoff sensor.
|
This paper presents a method for estimating runoff coefficients of urban drainage subcatchments based on a combination of high resolution weather radar data and flow measurements from a downstream runoff sensor. By utilising the spatial variability of the precipitation it is possible to estimate the runoff coefficients of the separate subcatchments. The method is demonstrated through a case study of an urban drainage catchment (678 ha) located in the city of Aarhus, Denmark. The study has proven that it is possible to use corresponding measurements of the relative rainfall distribution over the catchment and downstream runoff measurements to identify the runoff coefficients at subcatchment level.
|
['Cities', 'Denmark', 'Models, Theoretical', 'Radar', 'Rain', 'Water Movements', 'Water Supply']
| 24,056,426
|
[['G16.500.275.069', 'N06.230.069', 'Z01.433'], ['Z01.542.816.124'], ['E05.599'], ['L01.178.847.500'], ['G16.500.175.859', 'G16.500.275.063.725.395', 'G16.500.750.775.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.450', 'N06.230.520'], ['G16.500.971', 'N06.230.132.644.750', 'N06.230.850'], ['J01.293.821.500']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Tissue-specific expression of the tight junction proteins claudins and occludin in the rat salivary glands.
|
Tight junctions (TJs) are essential features of endothelial barrier membranes and of fluid-secreting epithelial cells, such as in the salivary glands. Novel integral membrane proteins have been identified as components of TJs, namely claudins and occludin. The aim of the present study was to determine the distribution of occludin and claudins in the large salivary glands of the rat. The parotid, submandibular and sublingual salivary glands were harvested from adult Sprague-Dawley rats and cryostat sections were stained using immunoperoxidase and immunofluorescence methods. Claudin-1 was expressed in endothelial cells of microvessels and in short selected segments of the duct system. Claudin-3 was expressed principally in the acinar cells and intercalated ducts, while claudin-4 was principally expressed by the striated and interlobular ducts. Claudin-5 was specific to endothelial cells of microvessels. Occludin was ubiquitously detected in the duct system. Double labelling and confocal microscopy showed some co-localization of claudin-3 with claudin-4, and minimal co-localization of occludin with claudin-4, in the striated ducts. Claudin 2 was not detected in any of the salivary glands. The results indicate specificity of the chemical composition of tight junctions in the rat salivary glands, and may reflect different physiological roles for TJs in the glandular and duct epithelial cells, and in endothelial cells of salivary gland microvessels.
|
['Animals', 'Claudin-1', 'Claudin-3', 'Claudin-4', 'Cryopreservation', 'Fluorescent Antibody Technique', 'Male', 'Membrane Proteins', 'Microscopy, Confocal', 'Occludin', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Salivary Glands', 'Tight Junctions']
| 15,447,685
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.776.543.940.200.100'], ['D12.776.543.940.200.300'], ['D12.776.543.940.200.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.760.160', 'E01.370.225.750.600.760.160', 'E02.792.156', 'E05.200.500.620.760.160', 'E05.200.750.600.760.160', 'E05.760.156'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512.240', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512.240', 'E05.200.500.607.512.240', 'E05.200.750.551.512.240', 'E05.478.583.375'], ['D12.776.543'], ['E01.370.350.515.395', 'E05.595.395'], ['D12.776.543.488.500', 'D12.776.543.940.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['A03.556.500.760', 'A10.336.779', 'A14.549.760'], ['A11.284.149.165.420.820']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Spatial variability of bacteria in the rhizosphere of Elsholtzia splendens under Cu contamination.
|
Elsholtzia splendens is a well-known Cu-tolerant plant; yet, the impact of Cu-contaminated soil on bacterial community in its rhizosphere is not known. We studied the spatial variability of bacteria in the rhizosphere using Cu-contaminated soil with polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) and real-time PCR. In the uncontaminated soil, the content of the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and bacterial diversity gradually increased in the rhizosphere soil along the root growth direction (from the interface zone to the meristematic zone), while for the Cu-contaminated soil, the highest DOC content and the strongest potential bioavailability of Cu were found in the interface zone, which also had the lowest bacteria diversity. Bacteria diversity was positively correlated with DOC in the uncontaminated soil (p < 0.01) but not in the contaminated soil. Compared with uncontaminated soil, some species such as Firmicutes only existed in the rhizosphere of contaminated soil, while the very small amount (if any) of some species exists such as Deinococcus-Thermus, indicating that the contaminated environment altered the bacterial composition. Moreover, spatial variation of the bacterial community was found among different soil zones. Real-time PCR confirmed the spatial variation via the gene expression of flagellin (fliC) and chemotaxis gene (cheA). The spatial characteristics of cheA expression were consistent with that of DOC and bacterial diversity. In conclusion, we demonstrated that the spatial variation of the bacterial community in the rhizosphere was present, independent of Cu contamination. DOC and Cu toxicity may affect specific gene expressions such as fliC and cheA, resulting in bacterial spatial variation.
|
['Bacteria', 'Copper', 'Gene Expression', 'Lamiaceae', 'Plant Roots', 'Rhizosphere', 'Soil Microbiology', 'Soil Pollutants']
| 24,801,294
|
[['B03'], ['D01.268.556.195', 'D01.268.956.170', 'D01.552.544.195'], ['G05.297'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.583.520'], ['A18.400'], ['G16.500.275.157.625', 'G16.500.853', 'N06.230.124.437'], ['H01.158.273.540.274.555', 'N06.850.425.300'], ['D27.888.284.756']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Cytological analysis of atypical squamous epithelial cells of undetermined significance using the world wide web.
|
OBJECTIVE: The low-level consistency of the cytodiagnosis of uterine cervical atypical squamous epithelial cells of undetermined significance (ASC-US) employing the Bethesda System has been reported, suggesting the necessity of a wide survey. We presented cases judged as ASC-US on the Web and analyzed the voting results to investigate ASC-US cytologically.STUDY DESIGN: Cytology samples from 129 patients diagnosed with ASC-US were used. Images of several atypical cells observed in these cases were presented on the Web. The study, based on the voting results, was presented and opinions were exchanged at the meeting of the Japanese Society of Clinical Cytology.RESULTS: The final diagnosis of ASC-US was benign lesions in 76 cases and low- and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions in 44, but no definite diagnosis could be made for the remaining 9. The total number of votes was 17,884 with a 36.5% consistency of cases judged as ASC-US. Benign cases were divided into 6 categories. Four categories not corresponding to the features of koilocytosis and small abnormal keratinized cells were judged as negative for an intraepithelial lesion or malignancy at a high rate.CONCLUSION: A Web-based survey would be useful which could be viewed at any time and thereby facilitate the sharing of cases to increase consistency.
|
['Carcinoma, Squamous Cell', 'Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia', 'Cervix Uteri', 'Cytodiagnosis', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Internet', 'Precancerous Conditions', 'Prognosis', 'Uterine Cervical Dysplasia', 'Uterine Cervical Neoplasms', 'Vaginal Smears']
| 21,791,900
|
[['C04.557.470.200.400', 'C04.557.470.700.400'], ['C04.557.470.200.240.250'], ['A05.360.319.679.256'], ['E01.370.225.500.384', 'E05.200.500.384', 'E05.242.384'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.224.230.110.500'], ['C04.834'], ['E01.789'], ['C04.834.818', 'C13.351.500.852.593.074'], ['C04.588.945.418.948.850', 'C13.351.500.852.593.131', 'C13.351.500.852.762.850', 'C13.351.937.418.875.850'], ['E01.370.225.500.384.100.800', 'E01.370.225.998.054.800', 'E01.370.378.900', 'E04.074.800', 'E05.200.500.384.100.800', 'E05.200.998.054.800', 'E05.242.384.100.800']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Reproducible and quantitative model of infection of Dermacentor variabilis with the live vaccine strain of Francisella tularensis.
|
Pathogen life cycles in mammalian hosts have been studied extensively, but studies with arthropod vectors represent considerable challenges. In part this is due to the difficulty of delivering a reproducible dose of bacteria to follow arthropod-associated replication. We have established reproducible techniques to introduce known numbers of Francisella tularensis strain LVS from mice into Dermacentor variabilis nymphs. Using this model infection system, we performed dose-response infection experiments and followed bacterial replication through the molt to adults and at later time points. During development to adults, bacteria replicate to high numbers and can be found associated with the gut tissues, salivary glands, and hemolymph of adult ticks. Further, we can transmit a mutant of LVS (LVS ÄpurMCD) that cannot replicate in macrophages in vitro or in mice to nymphs. Our data show that the LVS ÄpurMCD mutant cannot be transstadially transmitted from nymphs to adult ticks. We then show that a plasmid-complemented strain of this mutant is recoverable in adult ticks and necessary for bacterial replication during the molt. In a mixed-infection assay (ÄpurMCD mutant versus ÄpurMCD complement), 98% of the recovered bacteria retained the plasmid marker. These data suggest that the ÄpurMCD mutation cannot be rescued by the presence a complemented strain in a mixed infection. Importantly, our infection model provides a platform to test specific mutants for their replication in ticks, perform competition studies, and use other genetic techniques to identify F. tularensis genes that are expressed or required in this unique environment.
|
['Animal Structures', 'Animals', 'Bacterial Vaccines', 'Dermacentor', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Disease Transmission, Infectious', 'Disease Vectors', 'Francisella tularensis', 'Mice', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Tularemia', 'Vaccines, Attenuated']
| 25,362,054
|
[['A13'], ['B01.050'], ['D20.215.894.135'], ['B01.050.500.131.166.132.832.400.200'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['N06.850.335'], ['N06.850.335.188', 'N06.850.520.203.375'], ['B03.440.400.425.340.590', 'B03.660.250.200.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['C01.150.252.400.900', 'C01.920.930.943'], ['D20.215.894.811']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Efficacy of rivastigmine on activities of daily living in Sri Lankan patients with Alzheimer disease and on improving caregiver burden: a prospective study.
|
OBJECTIVE: This open label, parallel group, prospective cohort study investigated the efficacy of rivastigmine treatment on activities of daily living (ADL) in patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease (AD) and the possible benefits of this therapy on caregiver stress levels.METHODS: Thirty eight consecutive patients with mild to moderate AD were recruited; 22 received rivastigmine 3-6 mg twice daily (treatment group) for 20 weeks. Sixteen patients who did not receive rivastigmine served as the control group. The 17-item ADL Index was used to assess ADL and to determine the presence of functional deterioration. Caregivers were evaluated with the Caregiver Stress Scale (CSS). Each patient was required to have a committed caregiver and all caregivers were interviewed and administered the ADL Index and the Caregiver Stress Scale (CSS) at the start of treatment (week 0) and at the end of 20 weeks of treatment (week 20).RESULTS: Patients in the control group showed a significant decline in ADL Index score at 20 weeks compared to rivastigmine-treated patients (difference in mean ADL Index score = 8.5; p < 0.001). At week 20, mean change from baseline scores for CSS total and individual domain scores were better for caregivers in the treatment group than those in the control group (CSS total mean difference = 19.2).CONCLUSION: We conclude that treatment of AD patients with rivastigmine for 20 weeks produces a significant improvement in patient ADL functioning, and lower levels of caregiver stress.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Alzheimer Disease', 'Caregivers', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Drug Administration Schedule', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Phenylcarbamates', 'Probability', 'Prospective Studies', 'Quality of Life', 'Reference Values', 'Risk Assessment', 'Rivastigmine', 'Severity of Illness Index', 'Single-Blind Method', 'Sri Lanka', 'Stress, Psychological', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 16,252,573
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C10.228.140.380.100', 'C10.574.945.249', 'F03.615.400.100'], ['M01.085', 'M01.526.485.200', 'N02.360.200'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['E02.319.283'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D02.241.081.251.583'], ['E05.318.740.600', 'G17.680', 'N05.715.360.750.625', 'N06.850.520.830.600'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['I01.800', 'K01.752.400.750', 'N06.850.505.400.425.837'], ['E05.978.810'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.715', 'N04.452.871.715', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.690', 'N06.850.505.715', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.715'], ['D02.241.081.251.583.899'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475.456.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.364.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.364.500'], ['E05.318.370.850', 'N05.715.360.325.730', 'N06.850.520.445.850'], ['Z01.252.245.840', 'Z01.639.520.875'], ['F01.145.126.990', 'F02.830.900'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Long-term treatment results of postoperative radiation therapy for advanced stage oropharyngeal carcinoma.
|
BACKGROUND: The authors report the long-term treatment results for advanced stage base of tongue (BOT) and tonsillar fossa (TF) carcinomas treated with surgery and postoperative radiation therapy (RT) at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center.METHODS: Between 1973 and 1986, 51 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the BOT (n = 31 patients) and TF (n = 20 patients) were treated with surgery plus RT. Indication(s) for RT included: advanced disease (Stage T3/T4, 34 patients [66%]); close or positive margins (33 patients, 64%) and multiple positive neck nodes (43 patients, 84%).RESULTS: The 7-year actuarial local control rates for BOT and TF lesions were 81% and 83%, respectively. Local control was achieved in 17 of 18 (94%) patients with T3 lesions, and 12 of 16 (75%) patients with T4 lesions. Among patients with positive or close margins who received postoperative doses of 60 Gy or more, the long-term control rate was 93%. The presence of a treatment interruption had a negative effect on the local control rates. The actuarial control among patients who required a treatment break was 64%; for those not requiring interruption of their treatment, the actuarial control was 93% (P = 0.05). At 7 years, the overall survival for all patients was 52%, and the disease-free survival was 64%. The actuarial incidence of neck failure was 21% and 18% for BOT and TF, respectively. The likelihood of having distant metastasis at 7 years for all patients was 30%. The actuarial incidence of having a second malignancy was 35% for patients with BOT disease. Second malignancy was not observed among patients with TF lesions.CONCLUSIONS: The authors conclude that surgery and postoperative RT can provide excellent long-term, disease-control rates for patients with advanced BOT and TF tumors. However, current strategies for BOT lesions have been directed at tongue preservation without surgery.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Carcinoma, Squamous Cell', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasm Recurrence, Local', 'Oropharyngeal Neoplasms', 'Postoperative Period', 'Radiotherapy', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Survival Analysis', 'Tongue Neoplasms', 'Tonsillar Neoplasms']
| 1,423,170
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C04.557.470.200.400', 'C04.557.470.700.400'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04.697.655', 'C23.550.727.655'], ['C04.588.443.665.710.684', 'C07.550.745.671', 'C09.647.710.685', 'C09.775.549.685'], ['E04.614.750', 'N02.421.585.753.750'], ['E02.815'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.740.998', 'N05.715.360.750.795', 'N06.850.520.830.998'], ['C04.588.443.591.925', 'C07.465.530.925', 'C07.465.910.470'], ['C04.588.443.665.710.684.800', 'C07.550.745.671.800', 'C09.647.710.685.800', 'C09.775.549.685.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Genome-wide search for markers associated with osteochondrosis in Hanoverian warmblood horses.
|
A genome-wide scan was performed to detect quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for osteochondrosis (OC) and osteochondrosis dissecans (OCD) in horses. The marker set comprised 260 microsatellites. We collected data from 211 Hanoverian warmblood horses consisting of 14 paternal half-sib families. Traits used were OC (fetlock and/or hock joints affected), OCD (fetlock and/or hock joints affected), fetlock OC, fetlock OCD, hock OC, and hock OCD. The first genome scan included 172 microsatellite markers. In a second step 88 additional markers were chosen to refine putative QTLs found in the first scan. Genome-wide significant QTLs were located on equine chromosomes 2, 4, 5, and 16. QTLs for fetlock OC and hock OC partly overlapped on the same chromosomes, indicating that these traits may be genetically related. QTLs reached the chromosome-wide significance level on eight different equine chromosomes: 2, 3, 4, 5, 15, 16, 19, and 21. This whole-genome scan was a first step toward the identification of candidate genome regions harboring genes responsible for equine OC. Further investigations are necessary to refine the map positions of the QTLs already identified for OC.
|
['Animals', 'Chromosome Mapping', 'Chromosomes', 'Genetic Linkage', 'Genetic Markers', 'Genome', 'Horse Diseases', 'Horses', 'Microsatellite Repeats', 'Osteochondritis', 'Phenotype', 'Quantitative Trait Loci']
| 17,906,894
|
[['B01.050'], ['E05.393.183'], ['A11.284.187', 'A11.284.430.106.279.345.190', 'G05.360.162'], ['G05.348'], ['D23.101.387', 'G05.695.450'], ['G05.360.340'], ['C22.488'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.984.235.472'], ['G02.111.570.080.708.800.500', 'G05.360.080.708.800.500', 'G05.360.340.024.850.500'], ['C05.116.791', 'C05.182.520', 'C17.300.182.520'], ['G05.695'], ['G05.360.340.024.380.937']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Vitamin D deficit in adult women living in Buenos Aires City].
|
Vitamin D deficiency is a common cause of morbidity. We prospectively studied 224 consecutive female patients in order to evaluate the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and to assess the utility of various clinical and biochemical markers in predicting the deficiency. All of them were outpatients, 30 years old or older, and were evaluated from October 2006 through March 2008. Levels of 25 OH vitamin D > 30 ng/ml were considered sufficient. Mild deficiency was considered between 20 and 30 ng/ml and severe deficiency < 20 ng/ml. The mean age was 58 +/- 12.9 years; 77% were menopausal. Twenty nine percent of the patients had mild deficit and 26.8% had severe deficit of the vitamin. Severe deficit was associated with increasing age (62 vs. 56 years, p = 0.003), absence of sun exposure (25.82 ng/ml vs. 31.7 ng/ml, p < 0.005), obesity (70 vs. 61 kg, p < 0.05), absence of physical activity (27.8 ng/ml vs. 31.04 ng/ml, p = 0.0007) and slightly low levels of serum calcium (9.26 mg/dl vs. 9.51 mg/dl, p 0.01). We did not find any association between smokers and non-smokers patients, levels of serum phosphorus, creatinine and TSH. Vitamin D deficiency is a common disorder. It correlates with older age, absence of physical activity, sun exposure, obesity and slightly low levels of serum calcium. Improving diagnosis of this condition may enable us to improve the management of this disease.
|
['Adult', 'Age Factors', 'Argentina', 'Body Mass Index', 'Body Weight', 'Calcium', 'Epidemiologic Methods', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Menopause', 'Middle Aged', 'Postmenopause', 'Premenopause', 'Vitamin D', 'Vitamin D Deficiency']
| 20,053,603
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['Z01.107.757.077'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.125', 'E05.041.124.125', 'G07.100.100.125', 'N06.850.505.200.100.175'], ['C23.888.144', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120', 'E05.041.124.160.750', 'G07.100.100.160.120', 'G07.345.249.314.120'], ['D01.268.552.100', 'D01.552.539.288', 'D23.119.100'], ['E05.318', 'N06.850.520'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G08.686.157.500', 'G08.686.841.249.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G08.686.157.500.625', 'G08.686.841.249.500.625'], ['G08.686.157.500.812', 'G08.686.841.249.500.812'], ['D04.210.500.812.768'], ['C18.654.521.500.133.770']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Urinary excretion of 3-methylhistidine and creatinine and plasma concentrations of amino acids in hyperthyroid patients following preoperative treatment with antithyroid drug or beta-blocking agent: results from a prospective, randomized study.
|
The aim of this investigation was to compare the effects of a beta 1-selective adrenoceptor blocking agent and an antithyroid drug on urinary excretion of creatinine (Cr) and 3-methylhistidine (3-MH) and plasma concentrations of amino acids in hyperthyroid patients. beta-adrenoceptor blocking agents are increasingly used in the treatment of hyperthyroid patients, and the effects on clinical signs and symptoms mainly reflect beta 1-adrenoceptor blockade. The consequences of this treatment on metabolic alterations in hyperthyroidism are not fully known. In the present study, 30 hyperthyroid patients were randomized to preoperative treatment with the antithyroid drug methimazole + thyroxine (group I) or the beta 1-selective adrenoceptor blocking agent metoprolol (group II). Urinary excretion of Cr and 3-MH and plasma concentrations of amino acids were measured at the time of diagnosis, following preoperative treatment and 6 months postoperatively. Serum triiodothyronine (T3) was comparably elevated in the two groups of patients at the time of diagnosis and was normalized during preoperative treatment in group I but remained elevated during preoperative treatment in group II. Urinary excretion of creatinine was lower at the time of diagnosis than postoperatively, suggesting reduced muscle mass during hyperthyroidism. Urinary excretion of Cr increased during preoperative treatment in group I but was not significantly altered during treatment with metoprolol. The 3-MH/Cr ratio, which was higher at the time of diagnosis than postoperatively, indicating accelerated protein breakdown in skeletal muscle during hyperthyroidism, was reduced during preoperative treatment in group I but not in group II.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
|
['Adult', 'Amino Acids', 'Creatinine', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hyperthyroidism', 'Male', 'Methimazole', 'Methylhistidines', 'Metoprolol', 'Middle Aged', 'Preoperative Care', 'Prospective Studies', 'Proteins', 'Random Allocation', 'Thyroxine', 'Triiodothyronine']
| 3,600,277
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D12.125'], ['D03.383.129.308.207'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C19.874.397'], ['D02.886.489.600', 'D03.383.129.308.535'], ['D12.125.072.329.539'], ['D02.033.100.624.698.573', 'D02.033.755.624.698.573', 'D02.092.063.624.698.573'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E02.760.795', 'E04.604.750', 'N02.421.585.795'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['D12.776'], ['E05.318.370.700', 'E05.581.500.805', 'N05.715.360.325.675', 'N06.850.520.445.700'], ['D06.472.931.812', 'D12.125.072.050.767'], ['D06.472.931.740.385', 'D12.125.072.050.767.741.894']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
[Bone morphogenetic protein-2-encupsulated PEG-grafted-poly-lactic acid-polycaprolactone nanoparticles promote bone repair].
|
OBJECTIVE: To explore the efficacy of a novel tissue engineered bone in repairing bone defects using poly-lactic acid-polycaprolactone (PLA-PCL) scaffolding seeded with PEG-bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) transfected rBMSCs (rabbit bone marrow stromal cells).METHODS: rBMSCs were harvested, transfected with PEG/BMP-2 or liposome/BMP-2 and then implanted into PLA-PCL tissue engineered bone. The protein level of BMP-2 was assessed by Western blot and immunohistochemistry. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was employed to measure the amount of BMP-2 in culture media. The mRNA levels of BMP-2 and osteocalcin were assayed quantitatively by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The middle portion of bilateral radius in New Zealand rabbits was excised and implanted with tissue engineered bone. And the modified areas were monitored by radiology, hematoxylin-eosin staining and immunohistochemical staining of BMP-2.RESULTS: PEG-BMP-2 nanoparticles (NPs) and BMP-2 loaded PEG-PLA-PCL tissue engineered bones were successfully constructed. The novel PEG-PLA-PCL NPs/DNA complex was superior for transfecting BMP-2 in rBMSCs compared to traditional liposomes. Moreover, the mRNA level of osteocalcin and alkaline phosphatase activity also increased after a transfection of BMP-2 encapsulated NPs.CONCLUSION: PEG-PLA-PCL NPs/BMP-2 complex facilitates bone repair so that it provides theoretic rationales for potential clinical treatments.
|
['Animals', 'Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2', 'Bone and Bones', 'Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay', 'Mesenchymal Stem Cells', 'Nanoparticles', 'Polyesters', 'Polyethylene Glycols', 'Rabbits', 'Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Transfection']
| 26,080,923
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.644.276.954.200.200', 'D12.776.467.942.200.200', 'D23.529.942.200.200'], ['A02.835.232', 'A10.165.265'], ['E05.478.566.350.170', 'E05.478.566.380.360', 'E05.478.583.400.170', 'E05.601.470.350.170', 'E05.601.470.380.360'], ['A11.329.830.500', 'A11.872.590.500'], ['J01.637.512.600'], ['D05.750.728', 'D25.720.728', 'J01.637.051.720.728'], ['D02.033.455.250.700', 'D05.750.741', 'D25.720.741', 'J01.637.051.720.741'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.968.700'], ['E05.393.620.500.706'], ['E05.393.350.810', 'G05.728.860']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Acute effects of tobacco smoke on alveolar macrophages cultured in gas phase.
|
With a culture technique in gaseous phase which permits a direct contact between cells and the atmosphere, without any liquid interposition, we studied the short-term effects of tobacco smoke on guinea pig alveolar macrophages (AM). Tobacco smoke had a cytotoxic effect on AM as evaluated by the decrease in cell ATP content, total smoke appearing more toxic than the gas phase. Toxicity of smoke gas phase is also ascertained by morphologic cell changes in electron microscopy and by a decrease in cell bactericidal activity. The large variation in AM susceptibility is not related to cell content in superoxide dismutase but seems to be in good correlation with AM glutathione content, especially when cells are cultured with N-acetylcysteine. However, the protective glutathione action is not total and seems less important than the one observed with a low concentration of NO2 (0.2 ppm/24 hours).
|
['Adenosine Triphosphate', 'Animals', 'Blood Bactericidal Activity', 'Cell Survival', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Glutathione', 'Guinea Pigs', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Macrophages', 'Plants, Toxic', 'Pulmonary Alveoli', 'Smoke', 'Time Factors', 'Tobacco']
| 3,862,613
|
[['D03.633.100.759.646.138.236', 'D13.695.667.138.236', 'D13.695.827.068.236'], ['B01.050'], ['G09.188.100', 'G12.450.564.204'], ['G04.346'], ['A11.251'], ['D12.644.456.448'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.550'], ['E05.481'], ['A11.329.372', 'A11.627.482', 'A11.733.397', 'A15.382.670.522', 'A15.382.680.397'], ['B01.650.660'], ['A04.411.715'], ['D20.633.937'], ['G01.910.857'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.908.500.900']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Long-term impact of sulfate on an autotrophic nitrogen removal system integrated partial nitrification, anammox and endogenous denitrification (PAED).
|
A nitrogen removal system integrating partial nitrification, anaerobic ammonium oxidation (Anammox) and endogenous denitrification (PAED) was established in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) for treating low nitrogen sewage (approximately 40 mg L-1 ammonia-nitrogen). The impact of sulfate on PAED sludge was investigated in five identical SBRs, fed with different levels of sulfate (0, 50, 100, 200 and 400 mg L-1). Ammonia oxidation was improved by the addition of Results showed that the sulfate addition in low concentration of sulfate (?50 mg L-1), but was profoundly suppressed by higher levels of sulfate. Sulfate feeding enhanced both total nitrogen removal by Anammox and endogenous denitrification, with the abundance of Candidatus Kuenenia increasing to 4.39% in 400 mg L-1 sulfate from 0.83% in the control reactor, and Denitratisoma increasing to 6.35% from 2.77%. The results proved the feasibility of the PAED system in treating low nitrogen sewage with sulfate, which also enhanced the nitrogen-sulfate interaction.
|
['Ammonia', 'Autotrophic Processes', 'Bioreactors', 'Denitrification', 'Nitrification', 'Nitrogen', 'Oxidation-Reduction', 'Sewage', 'Sulfates']
| 31,265,979
|
[['D01.362.075', 'D01.625.050'], ['G02.111.071', 'G03.087'], ['E07.115', 'J01.897.120.115'], ['G02.111.587.250', 'G02.607.560.250', 'G16.500.768.249'], ['G02.111.587.500', 'G02.607.560.500', 'G16.500.768.500'], ['D01.268.604', 'D01.362.625'], ['G02.700', 'G03.295.531'], ['D20.944.932.500'], ['D01.248.497.158.845', 'D01.875.800.800.850']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Women veterans' experience with a web-based diabetes prevention program: a qualitative study to inform future practice.
|
BACKGROUND: Diabetes prevention is a national goal and particularly important in the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) where 1 in 4 veterans has diabetes. There is growing evidence to support the use of Web-based diabetes prevention program (DPP) interventions, shown to be as effective and often more feasible than in-person interventions.OBJECTIVE: Our primary objective was to qualitatively explore women veterans' early experiences with a Web-based DPP intervention. Our secondary objective was to estimate weight loss, participation, and engagement to provide context for our qualitative findings.METHODS: We conducted and analyzed semistructured interviews and collected data on weight change, participation, and engagement. A total of 17 women veterans with prediabetes from a Midwest VA Women's Health Clinic were eligible to participate; 15 completed interviews.RESULTS: Participants perceived the DPP program as an appealing way of initiating lifestyle changes and made them feel accountable in achieving their daily goals. The online program was convenient because it could be accessed at any time, and many found that it integrated well into daily life. However, some did not like the logging aspect and some found it to be too impersonal. Participants logged in a mean 76 times, posted a mean 46 group messages, and sent a mean 20.5 private messages to the health coach over 16 weeks. Participants lost 5.24% of baseline weight, and 82% (14/17) of participants completed at least 9 of 16 core modules.CONCLUSIONS: Women veterans' early experiences with a Web-based DPP intervention were generally positive. Accountability and convenience were key enabling factors for participation and engagement. A Web-based DPP intervention appears to be a promising means of translating the DPP for women veterans with prediabetes.
|
['Adult', 'Attitude to Computers', 'Diabetes Mellitus', 'Disease Management', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Internet', 'Qualitative Research', 'Telemedicine', 'United States', 'Veterans']
| 26,006,697
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['F01.100.100'], ['C18.452.394.750', 'C19.246'], ['N04.590.607'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.224.230.110.500'], ['H01.770.644.241.850'], ['H02.403.840', 'L01.178.847.652', 'N04.590.374.800'], ['Z01.107.567.875'], ['M01.930']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Role of the chromobox protein CBX7 in lymphomagenesis.
|
Chromobox 7 (CBX7) is a chromobox family protein and a component of the Polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1) that extends the lifespan of cultured epithelial cells and can act independently of BMI-1 to repress the INK4a/ARF tumor suppressor locus. To determine whether CBX7 might be oncogenic, we examined its expression pattern in a range of normal human tissues and tumor samples. CBX7 was expressed at high levels in germinal center lymphocytes and germinal center-derived follicular lymphomas, where elevated expression correlated with high c-Myc expression and a more advanced tumor grade. By targeting Cbx7 expression to the lymphoid compartment in mice, we showed that Cbx7 can initiate T cell lymphomagenesis and cooperate with c-Myc to produce highly aggressive B cell lymphomas. Furthermore, Cbx7 repressed transcription from the Ink4a/Arf locus and acted epistatically to the Arf-p53 pathway during tumorigenesis. These data identify CBX7 as a chromobox protein causally linked to cancer development and may help explain the low frequency of INK4a/ARF mutations observed in human follicular lymphoma.
|
['Animals', 'Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16', 'Epithelial Cells', 'Humans', 'Loss of Heterozygosity', 'Lymphoma', 'Mice', 'Mutation', 'Neoplasms', 'Nuclear Proteins', 'Polycomb Repressive Complex 1', 'Polycomb-Group Proteins', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc', 'Repressor Proteins', 'T-Lymphocytes', 'Tumor Suppressor Protein p53']
| 17,374,722
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.644.360.225.200', 'D12.776.167.187.200', 'D12.776.476.225.200', 'D12.776.624.776.355.200'], ['A11.436'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G05.365.590.029.530'], ['C04.557.386', 'C15.604.515.569', 'C20.683.515.761'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['G05.365.590'], ['C04'], ['D12.776.660'], ['D05.500.781.100', 'D08.811.464.938.750.280', 'D12.776.660.235.600.100', 'D12.776.664.235.800.100', 'D12.776.930.780.890.100'], ['D05.500.781', 'D12.776.660.235.600', 'D12.776.664.235.800', 'D12.776.930.780.890'], ['D12.776.260.103.813', 'D12.776.624.664.700.189', 'D12.776.660.765', 'D12.776.930.125.813'], ['D12.776.260.703', 'D12.776.930.780'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.569', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569'], ['D12.776.157.687.650', 'D12.776.260.820', 'D12.776.624.776.775', 'D12.776.660.720.650', 'D12.776.744.845']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
White spot syndrome virus isolates of tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon (Fabricious) in India are similar to exotic isolates as revealed by polymerase chain reaction and electron microscopy.
|
Microbiological analysis of samples collected from cases of white spot disease outbreaks in cultured shrimp in different farms located in three regions along East Coast of India viz. Chidambram (Tamil Nadu), Nellore (Andhra Pradesh) and Balasore (Orissa), revealed presence of Vibrio alginolyticus, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and Aeromonas spp. but experimental infection trials in Penaeus monodon with these isolates did not induce any acute mortality or formation of white spots on carapace. Infection trials using filtered tissue extracts by oral and injection method induced mortality in healthy P. monodon with all samples and 100% mortality was noted by the end of 7 day post-inoculation. Histopathological analysis demonstrated degenerated cells characterized by hypertrophied nuclei in gills, hepatopancreas and lymphoid organ with presence of intranuclear basophilic or eosino-basophilic bodies in tubular cells and intercellular spaces. Analysis of samples using 3 different primer sets as used by other for detection of white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) generated 643, 1447 and 520bp amplified DNA products in all samples except in one instance. Variable size virions with mean size in the range of 110 x 320 +/- 20 nm were observed under electron microscope. It could be concluded that the viral isolates in India involved with white spot syndrome in cultured shrimp are similar to RV-PJ and SEMBV in Japan, WSBV in Taiwan and WSSV in Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, China and Japan.
|
['Aeromonas', 'Animals', 'Base Sequence', 'DNA, Viral', 'India', 'Microscopy, Electron', 'Penaeidae', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Vibrio', 'Virus Diseases', 'White spot syndrome virus 1']
| 16,053,274
|
[['B03.440.450.019.025'], ['B01.050'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['D13.444.308.568'], ['Z01.252.245.393'], ['E01.370.350.515.402', 'E05.595.402'], ['B01.050.500.131.365.190.660'], ['E05.393.620.500'], ['B03.440.450.900.859', 'B03.660.250.830.830'], ['C01.925'], ['B04.280.505.900']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
|
Invasive aspergillosis in the recipients of liver retransplantation.
|
Retransplantation is a major risk factor for invasive aspergillosis in liver transplant recipients. However, the risk for invasive aspergillosis with time elapsed since retransplantation, clinical characteristics, and outcome of patients who develop this infection after retransplantation of the liver has not been defined. Patients comprised 17 liver retransplant recipients with invasive aspergillosis between 1990 and 2004. Retransplantation was considered early if it was performed within 30 days and late if performed after 30 days of the first or primary transplant. Retransplant recipients comprised 25% of all cases of invasive aspergillosis after liver transplantation. Fifty-three percent of the Aspergillus infections occurred within 30 days, and 76% within 90 days of retransplantation. In all, 53% (9/17) of the patients were late retransplant recipients. Late compared to early retransplant recipients with invasive aspergillosis were more likely to have central nervous system involvement with invasive aspergillosis (56% vs. 0%, P = 0.03). Mortality rate was 100% for late and 63% for early retransplant recipients with Aspergillus infections. In conclusion, time-varying risk for invasive aspergillosis after retransplantation has implications relevant for guiding antifungal prophylaxis. Given a greater risk for disseminated infection and poor outcome in late retransplant recipients with aspergillosis, potent and aggressive antifungal therapy should be considered upfront in these patients.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Antifungal Agents', 'Aspergillosis', 'Humans', 'Liver Transplantation', 'Lung Diseases, Fungal', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Reoperation', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Risk Factors']
| 16,598,780
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['D27.505.954.122.136'], ['C01.150.703.080'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.095.147.725.490', 'E04.210.650', 'E04.936.450.490', 'E04.936.580.490'], ['C01.150.703.534', 'C01.748.435', 'C08.381.472', 'C08.730.435'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C23.550.767'], ['E04.690'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
[Analysis of choroidal thickness in AP-ROP, threshold disease and ROP without laser photocoagulation].
|
BACKGROUND: Enhanced depth imaging (EDI) and spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) provide high-definition cross-sectional images of the choroid. Information on alterations in choroidal thickness (CT) after laser photocoagulation (LC) in aggressive posterior retinopathy of prematurity (APROP) and threshold disease (TD) is rare.PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 75 eyes were retrospectively analyzed in 4 groups. Groups 1 and 2 included patients with APROP and TD, respectively, who underwent LC. Group 3 included ROP children who did not undergo LC and group 4 included full-term children. Infants aged ?4 < 7, who had examination of subfoveal (SF) CT with SD-EDI-OCT, visual acuity (VA), spherical equivalent (SE), anterior segment and fundus examination, axial lenght (AXL) were included. The results of SFCT, VA and SE at the age of ? 4 < 7 years, AXL, gestational age (GA), birth weight (BW) and age at examination were compared between the groups. Potential risk factors (GA, BW, SE, AXL and SFCT) influencing visual acuity were evaluated by using multivariate linear regression analysis.RESULTS: The results of SFCT and AXL were not significantly different between groups 2 and 3 or between groups 3 and 4. There was a significant difference between the other groups for SFCT and AXL and VA was significantly different between all groups. The SE was not significantly different between groups 3 and 4 but there was a significant difference for SE, BW and GA between the groups. Age at examination was not significantly different between the groups. Multivariate linear regression analysis revealed SFCT for groups 1 and 2, GA for group 3 and GA, SFCT and AXL for group 4 as independent risk factors influencing visual acuity.CONCLUSION: The regression model used for groups 1-4 explains the variation of the dependent risk factor LogMar VA for groups 1-4 with 31.2 %, 43.5 %, 9.6 % and 69.4 %, respectively. These values expressed in percentage demonstrate that even more predictors may influence the dependent factor LogMar VA than evaluated in the study.
|
['Child, Preschool', 'Choroid', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Laser Coagulation', 'Male', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Retinopathy of Prematurity', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Tomography, Optical Coherence', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 26,142,227
|
[['M01.060.406.448'], ['A09.371.894.223'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['E02.520.745.410', 'E02.594.530', 'E04.014.520.530', 'E04.350.750.410', 'E04.540.630.410'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['C11.768.836', 'C16.614.521.731'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['E01.370.350.589.249.500', 'E01.370.350.825.805.500', 'E05.642.249.500'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Temporal and spatial expression of a fos-lacZ transgene in the developing nervous system.
|
A Fos-lacZ transgenic mouse has been described that accurately recapitulates both constitutive and inducible patterns of c-fos expression in adult mice. Here we describe the developmental expression of the transgene in the brain during the early postnatal period. On the day of birth, expression of the transgene is observed in several discrete regions of the CNS; including the olfactory bulb, hippocampus, retrosplenial cortex, parafascicular nucleus of the thalamus, and several cranial nerve nuclei. In these regions, expression declines to adult levels by three weeks. In other regions of the CNS, expression appeared transiently after P0.
|
['Animals', 'Brain', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Genes, fos', 'Mice', 'Mice, Transgenic', 'Time Factors']
| 1,334,194
|
[['B01.050'], ['A08.186.211'], ['G05.308'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.375.500.791.330'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.136.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Scientific priorities for the BRAIN Initiative.
|
We present a summary of the scientific deliberations and major conclusions that arose from a workshop on the BRAIN Initiative.
|
['Animals', 'Behavior', 'Brain', 'Humans', 'Neurons', 'Neurosciences', 'United States']
| 23,900,253
|
[['B01.050'], ['F01.145'], ['A08.186.211'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A08.675', 'A11.671'], ['H01.158.610'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
|
[Indications and contraindications for surgical treatment of morbid obesity--the choice of operative method].
|
Surgery for morbid obesity should be considered in case of failure of conservative treatment (diet, physical activity, psychotherapy, supportive medications). It is strongly recommended also for patients with significant concomitant diseases (e.g. cardiovascular, pulmonary etc) difficult to manage with traditional therapy. Patients' selection for surgery seems to be essential issue. Typical indications for surgical procedure include: BMI > 40 or BMI > 35 in patients with at least two obesity-related diseases, ineffective conservative treatment. Main contraindications are GI tract diseases (esophagitis, peptic ulcer), severe cardiovascular insufficiency, alcohol or drug abuse and mental disorders. There are two types of operative procedures currently performed restrictive and malabsorptive. The first group consists of following operations: 1) Silicon Ring Vertical Gastroplasty (SRVG), 2) Vertical Banded Gastroplasty (VBG), 3) Adjustable Silicon Gastric Banding (ASGB), 4) Non-Adjustable Gastric Banding (NGB). The latter group comprises: 1) Roux-Y Gastric By-Pass (RYGB) and 2) Bilipancreatic diversion. The paper describes complications, advantages and disadvantages for both groups of bariatric procedures and points out factors that should be considered in patients' selection for various types of operation.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Body Mass Index', 'Choice Behavior', 'Contraindications', 'Female', 'Gastroplasty', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Obesity, Morbid']
| 15,603,367
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.125', 'E05.041.124.125', 'G07.100.100.125', 'N06.850.505.200.100.175'], ['F02.463.785.373.346'], ['E02.208'], ['E02.650.500.062.750', 'E04.062.750', 'E04.210.485'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C18.654.726.500.700', 'C23.888.144.699.500.500', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120.699.500.500', 'G07.100.100.160.120.699.500.500']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Effect of parathyroid hormone on renin secretion.
|
The ability of parathyroid hormone (PTH) to increase renin secretion was investigated in pentobarbital-anesthetized dogs. An intravenous infusion of bovine PTH 1-34, at the dose of 0.028 microgram/kg-1 min-1 increased renin secretion by 149% (501 +/- 105 to 1249 +/- 309 ng hr-1 min-1); renin secretion returned to control values during the recovery period. In order to determine whether PTH acted directly on the kidney to increase renin secretion, PTH was infused into the right renal artery at doses of 0.0014 to 0.0028 microgram/kg-1 min-1 and renin secretion from the right kidney was compared to that from the left (control) kidney. Renin secretion from the right (PTH-infused) kidney was not greater than control values for that kidney or different from the renin secretory rate of the left (control) kidney. In contrast, the excretion rates of both phosphate and sodium from the right kidney were greater than control values and from the excretion rates of the left kidney. These data suggest that PTH, while acting directly on the kidney to increase phosphate and sodium excretion, does not elevate renin secretion by a direct renal action.
|
['Animals', 'Dogs', 'Kidney', 'Parathyroid Hormone', 'Phosphates', 'Renin', 'Sodium']
| 6,342,000
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.250.216.200'], ['A05.810.453'], ['D06.472.699.590', 'D12.644.548.587'], ['D01.029.260.700.675.374', 'D01.248.497.158.730', 'D01.695.625.675.650'], ['D08.811.277.656.074.500.780', 'D08.811.277.656.300.048.780', 'D08.811.277.656.837.750'], ['D01.268.549.750', 'D01.268.557.650', 'D01.552.528.850', 'D01.552.547.725']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Dexamethasone blocking effects on mu- and delta-opioid-induced seizures involves kappa-opioid activity in the rabbit.
|
Previous data indicate that intracerebroventricular administration of agonists for mu- and delta-opioid receptors induces limbic seizures in rats, but no data are reported in rabbits. We found that the mu- and delta-opioid peptides [D-Ala(2)-N,Me-Phe(4)-Gly(5)-ol]enkephalin (DAMGO), beta-endorphin and deltorphin II, induced EEG non-convulsive hippocampal seizures, and changes in hippocampal background EEG, physical parameters and overt behaviour after central administration. Dexamethasone pre-treatment prevented DAMGO-, deltorphin II- and beta-endorphin-induced seizures as well as changes in background EEG, physical parameters and overt behaviour induced by mu-opioid agonists. Dexamethasone antagonism on opioid action was blocked by pre-treatment with a protein synthesis inhibitor, cycloheximide or by the kappa-opioid antagonist nor-binaltorphimine. Our data suggest that dexamethasone influences opioid actions at mu- and delta-receptors via a protein synthesis mechanism involving kappa-opioid receptors.
|
['Analgesics, Opioid', 'Animals', 'Dexamethasone', 'Electroencephalography', 'Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-', 'Glucocorticoids', 'Oligopeptides', 'Rabbits', 'Receptors, Opioid, delta', 'Receptors, Opioid, kappa', 'Receptors, Opioid, mu', 'Seizures', 'beta-Endorphin']
| 11,287,802
|
[['D27.505.696.277.600.500', 'D27.505.696.663.850.014.760.500', 'D27.505.954.427.040.550.500', 'D27.505.954.427.210.600.500'], ['B01.050'], ['D04.210.500.745.432.769.344', 'D04.210.500.908.238'], ['E01.370.376.300', 'E01.370.405.245'], ['D12.644.400.575.281.075', 'D12.776.631.650.575.281.075'], ['D06.472.040.543', 'D27.505.696.399.472.488'], ['D12.644.456'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.968.700'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.620.200', 'D12.776.543.750.720.600.610.200', 'D12.776.543.750.750.555.610.200'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.620.400', 'D12.776.543.750.720.600.610.400', 'D12.776.543.750.750.555.610.400'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.620.550', 'D12.776.543.750.720.600.610.550', 'D12.776.543.750.750.555.610.550'], ['C10.597.742', 'C23.888.592.742'], ['D06.472.699.327.935.239', 'D06.472.699.631.525.600.239', 'D12.644.400.400.935.239', 'D12.644.400.575.241.080', 'D12.644.548.365.935.239', 'D12.644.548.691.525.690.239', 'D12.776.631.650.405.935.239', 'D12.776.631.650.575.241.080']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Management strategy for fetal tachycardia.
|
OBJECTIVE: To develop a management strategy for fetal tachycardia.METHODS: Forty-four fetuses (20-40 weeks' gestation) with nonsinus tachycardia were divided into three groups based on duration of tachycardia and degree of heart failure. Fetuses with intermittent tachycardia were treated expectantly. Fetuses with sustained tachycardia were treated with transplacental antiarrhythmic agents alone if heart failure was mild to moderate, and with direct intramuscular therapy if heart failure was severe. Degree of heart failure was determined by echocardiographic variables of ventricular function, atrioventricular valve insufficiency, and hydrops. Fetal well-being and response to treatment were evaluated by daily heart rate surveillance and frequent fetal echocardiograms and ultrasounds.RESULTS: Fifteen fetuses with intermittent tachycardia (n = 15, group 1) did not progress to sustained tachycardia or heart failure. Fetuses with sustained tachycardia and mild-to-moderate heart failure (n = 14, group 2) were cardioverted or rate controlled with transplacental agents (n = 9); three term fetuses were delivered electively without treatment and two progressed to severe heart failure and were treated in group 3. Seventeen fetuses (15 initially, two progressing) with severe heart failure were cardioverted (in 0. 25-21 days; mean 4.3 days) with fetal intramuscular plus transplacental antiarrhythmic therapy (group 3). Overall, 43 of 44 fetuses were delivered at 32 to 41 (mean 37) weeks with minimal morbidity and a mortality rate of 2.2% (95% confidence interval 0. 06%, 12.0%).CONCLUSION: Perinatal mortality and morbidity were low after following a management strategy based on duration of tachycardia, degree of heart failure, and biophysical profile combined with vigilant ongoing fetal surveillance.
|
['Anti-Arrhythmia Agents', 'Echocardiography', 'Female', 'Fetal Diseases', 'Gestational Age', 'Heart Failure', 'Humans', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Pregnancy', 'Tachycardia', 'Ultrasonography, Prenatal']
| 11,004,362
|
[['D27.505.954.411.097'], ['E01.370.350.130.750', 'E01.370.350.850.220', 'E01.370.370.380.220'], ['C13.703.277', 'C16.300'], ['G07.345.500.325.235.968', 'G08.686.320'], ['C14.280.434'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['C14.280.067.845', 'C14.280.123.875', 'C23.550.073.845'], ['E01.370.350.850.865', 'E01.370.378.630.865']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Spatial and temporal profiles of cytokinin biosynthesis and accumulation in developing caryopses of maize.
|
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Cytokinins are a major group of plant hormones and are associated with various developmental processes. Developing caryopses of maize have high levels of cytokinins, but little is known about their spatial and temporal distribution. The localization and quantification of cytokinins was investigated in maize (Zea mays) caryopsis from 0 to 28 d after pollination together with the expression and localization of isopentenyltransferase ZmIPT1 involved in cytokinin biosynthesis and ZmCNGT, the gene putatively involved in N9-glucosylation.METHODS: Biochemical, cellular and molecular approaches resolved the overall cytokinin profiles, and several gene expression assays were used for two critical genes to assess cytokinin cell-specific biosynthesis and conversion to the biologically inactive form. Cytokinins were immunolocalized for the first time in maize caryopses.KEY RESULTS: During the period 0-28 d after pollination (DAP): (1) large quantities of cytokinins were detected in the maternal pedicel region relative to the filial tissues during the early stages after fertilization; (2) unpollinated ovules did not accumulate cytokinins; (3) the maternal nucellar region showed little or no cytokinin signal; (4) the highest cytokinin concentrations in filial endosperm and embryo were detected at 12 DAP, predominantly zeatin riboside and zeatin-9-glucoside, respectively; and (5) a strong cytokinin immuno-signal was detected in specific cell types in the pedicel, endosperm and embryo.CONCLUSIONS: The cytokinins of developing maize caryopsis may originate from both local syntheses as well as by transport. High levels of fertilization-dependent cytokinins in the pedicel suggest filial control on metabolism in the maternal tissue; they may also trigger developmental programmed cell death in the pedicel.
|
['Cytokinins', 'Endosperm', 'Fruit', 'Gene Expression Profiling', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Plant', 'In Situ Hybridization', 'Ovule', 'Plant Proteins', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Seeds', 'Time Factors', 'Zea mays']
| 21,169,292
|
[['D03.633.100.759.138.525'], ['A18.024.500.750.666'], ['A18.024.500', 'G07.203.300.562', 'J02.500.562'], ['E05.393.332'], ['G05.308.310'], ['G05.308.375'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.670.325', 'E01.370.225.750.600.670.325', 'E05.200.500.620.670.325', 'E05.200.750.600.670.325', 'E05.393.661.475'], ['A18.024.249.500.249.249'], ['D12.776.765'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['A18.024.500.750', 'G07.203.300.775', 'J02.500.775'], ['G01.910.857'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.822.966']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Antimicrobial Efficacy of Mixtures of Nanosilver and Zinc Oxide Eugenol against Enterococcus faecalis.
|
AIM: This study aimed to assess the antimicrobial efficacy of 0, 0.5, 2, and 5 wt% nanosilver in conjunction with zinc oxide eugenol (ZOE) against Enterococcus faecalis.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Nanosilver in 0.5, 2, and 5 wt% concentrations was added to ZOE and the antibacterial activity of the mixtures on E. faecalis was assessed using disk diffusion method, and the results were reported as the diameter of the growth inhibition zone.RESULTS: The diameters of the growth inhibition zones around 0, 0.5, 2, and 5 wt% concentrations of nanosilver particles were not significantly different at 24 and 48 hours and 1 week; however, the difference with the azithromycin disk was significant.CONCLUSION: Considering the lack of a significant increase in the diameter of the growth inhibition zones around 0, 0.5, 2, and 5 wt% ZOE containing nanosilver, it appears that addition of nanosilver up to 5 wt% cannot improve the antibacterial properties of ZOE sealer against E. faecalis.CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Microorganisms present in the root canal system of primary teeth are mainly responsible for endodontic infections. Enterococcus faecalis is the most important cause of endodontic failure. Application of sealers that decrease the adhesion and colonization of bacteria, as well as susceptibility to bacterial infections can greatly help in this regard. Using these sealers in conjunction with antibacterial agents, such as nanosilver particles may yield higher antibacterial efficacy.
|
['Anti-Bacterial Agents', 'Disk Diffusion Antimicrobial Tests', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Drug Therapy, Combination', 'Enterococcus faecalis', 'Eugenol', 'Metal Nanoparticles', 'Silver Compounds', 'Zinc Oxide']
| 28,258,260
|
[['D27.505.954.122.085'], ['E01.370.225.875.595.399', 'E05.200.875.595.399'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['E02.319.310'], ['B03.353.750.250.250.280', 'B03.510.550.250.250.280'], ['D02.241.223.200.054.500'], ['J01.637.512.600.500'], ['D01.847'], ['D01.650.550.975', 'D01.975.975']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Stellate Ganglion Block for Painful Congenital Venous Malformation of the Arm.
|
Stellate ganglion block is an established intervention used in pain management settings. Its use in the treatment of congenital venous malformations (VM) of the upper limb has never been described. We present a case of ultrasound-guided stellate ganglion block for a patient who derived excellent relief from pain uncontrolled with conservative and pharmacological methods.
|
['Anesthetics, Local', 'Arm', 'Arteriovenous Malformations', 'Autonomic Nerve Block', 'Bupivacaine', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Pain Management', 'Stellate Ganglion', 'Young Adult']
| 25,858,167
|
[['D27.505.696.277.100.200', 'D27.505.696.663.850.025', 'D27.505.954.427.210.100.200'], ['A01.378.800.075'], ['C14.240.850.750', 'C14.907.150', 'C16.131.240.850.750'], ['E03.155.086.711.299', 'E04.525.210.550.500'], ['D02.065.199.239', 'D02.092.146.113.239'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.745', 'N04.590.607.500'], ['A08.340.315.350.800', 'A08.800.050.300.300.800', 'A08.800.050.800.300.800'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Gold-Catalyzed Intramolecular Tandem Cyclization of Indole-Ynamides: Diastereoselective Synthesis of Spirocyclic Pyrrolidinoindolines.
|
A gold-catalyzed intramolecular tandem cyclization of indole-ynamide affords tetracyclic spirocyclic pyrrolidinoindoline bearing an all-carbon quaternary stereocentre in a single step; however, when the reaction was carried out in the presence of BF3 ?Et2 O, the corresponding tricyclic spirocyclic pyrrolidinoindoline-based enones are produced through a key 1,5-hydride shift. The developed chemistry provides a diastereoselective and straightforward entry to structurally diverse polycylic pyrrolidinoindolines from indole-ynamides in one-pot reactions under mild conditions.
|
['Alkaloids', 'Catalysis', 'Cyclization', 'Gold', 'Indoles', 'Spiro Compounds', 'Stereoisomerism']
| 26,374,716
|
[['D03.132'], ['G02.130'], ['G02.111.180', 'G02.607.133', 'G03.208'], ['D01.268.556.322', 'D01.268.956.186', 'D01.552.544.322'], ['D03.633.100.473'], ['D02.455.426.779', 'D04.711'], ['G02.607.445.682']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The Pioneer Schools of Occupation: Reflections for Current Practice.
|
The Pioneer Schools of Occupation: Can They Teach Us Anything Today? This study reviews the development of the pioneer schools of occupation and their curriculum or program design between 1906 and 1923. The purposes are to document the existence of the schools, to explore the issues in establishing the schools, and to compare and contrast concepts stated in early curriculum models with those in current models of practice. The dates were selected to examine ideas before the passage of the Minimum Standards for Courses of Training in Occupational Therapy by the American Occupational Therapy Association (AOTA) outlining a consensus course of study.
|
['Curriculum', 'Education, Professional', 'Health Occupations', 'History, 20th Century', 'History, 21st Century', 'Humans', 'Occupational Therapy', 'Schools', 'Societies', 'United States']
| 30,074,856
|
[['I02.158'], ['I02.358'], ['H02'], ['K01.400.504.968'], ['K01.400.504.984'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.760.169.063.500.489', 'E02.831.489', 'H02.010.500'], ['I02.783', 'J03.832'], ['N03.540.828'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]
|
['Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Immunization with rough mutants of Salmonella minnesota: initial studies in human subjects.
|
Vaccines prepared from unheated and boiled, acetone-precipitated Salmonella minnesota R595 (Re chemotype mutant) were administered subcutaneously to 122 healthy volunteers. Titers of antibody to Re lipopolysaccharide, the basal core structure of endotoxin, as measured by indirect hemagglutination, rose in a dose-responsive fashion after immunization. Febrile reactions, usually mild, occurred after 7% of injections with the highest doses (2.0 and 3.0 x 10(10) organisms), and mild local soreness and tenderness were noted after approximately one-third of injections. Passive immunization of mice with sera from immunized subjects demonstrated that protective activity against challenge with both heterologous, viable gram-negative bacilli and endotoxin developed. Although measuring serum protective activity, developing a serological assay that correlates with protective activity, and potential vaccine toxicity remain problems, immunization of humans with the Re mutant results in serum protective activity against endotoxin and viable bacilli and has the potential for clinical usefulness.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Animals', 'Antibodies, Bacterial', 'Bacterial Vaccines', 'Fever', 'Humans', 'Immunity', 'Immunization', 'Immunization, Secondary', 'Klebsiella pneumoniae', 'Lipopolysaccharides', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred Strains', 'Middle Aged', 'Mutation', 'Proteus', 'Rabbits', 'Salmonella', 'Salmonella typhi']
| 3,042,872
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['B01.050'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.107', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.125', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.125'], ['D20.215.894.135'], ['C23.888.119.344'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G12.450'], ['E02.095.465.425.400', 'E05.478.550', 'N02.421.726.758.310', 'N06.850.780.200.425', 'N06.850.780.680.310'], ['E02.095.465.425.400.485', 'E05.478.550.550'], ['B03.440.450.425.425.600', 'B03.660.250.150.400.590'], ['D09.400.500', 'D09.698.718.450', 'D10.494', 'D23.050.161.616.525', 'D23.946.123.329.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G05.365.590'], ['B03.440.450.425.600', 'B03.660.250.150.590'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.968.700'], ['B03.440.450.425.800', 'B03.660.250.150.710'], ['B03.440.450.425.800.200.800', 'B03.660.250.150.710.160.750']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Subsequent malignancies in patients treated with 131-iodine for thyroid cancer.
|
I-131 was administered to 298 patients with thyroid cancer, and there has been a follow-up of at least two years. Follow-up periods were: 2.5 to 30 years (median 14.5) in living patients, 2.5 to 15 years (median 5.5) in patients dead of tumour greater than or equal to 2 years after first treatment and 2.5 to 23 years (median nine) in patients dead without tumour. Person-years at risk were (total applied activity of I-131): 1119 (3 to 21 GBq), 1477 (22 to 65 GBq), 521 (61 to 170 GBq). 33 subsequent malignancies in 31 patients were observed, compared to an expected number of 17. The relative risk of subsequent malignancies is therefore 1.94 with a 95% confidence interval of 1.15 to 3.05. This increase in the incidence of subsequent malignancies after I-131 treatment is largely due to the significantly increased incidence of leukemia and bladder cancer. Estimated radiation doses to the bone marrow in the patients with leukemia were 301 cGy to 792 cGy and the doses to the bladder in patients with bladder cancer were 2250 cGy to 10, 350 cGy. After a total activity of less than 37 GBq I-131, no cases of bladder cancer or leukemia were observed. The observed number of subsequent malignancies are compared with the expected number according to several dose-effect estimations.
|
['Adenocarcinoma', 'Adolescent', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Bone Marrow', 'Carcinoma, Papillary', 'Child', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Iodine Radioisotopes', 'Leukemia, Radiation-Induced', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasms, Multiple Primary', 'Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced', 'Radiotherapy', 'Radiotherapy Dosage', 'Risk Factors', 'Thyroid Neoplasms', 'Time Factors', 'Urinary Bladder', 'Urinary Bladder Neoplasms']
| 1,621,212
|
[['C04.557.470.200.025'], ['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['A15.382.216'], ['C04.557.470.200.360', 'C04.557.470.700.360'], ['M01.060.406'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D01.268.380.400.500.496', 'D01.496.448.496', 'D01.496.749.474'], ['C04.557.337.650', 'C04.682.512', 'C26.733.345', 'G01.750.748.500.345'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04.651'], ['C04.682', 'C26.733.476', 'G01.750.748.500.476'], ['E02.815'], ['E02.815.639'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['C04.588.322.894', 'C04.588.443.915', 'C19.344.894', 'C19.874.788'], ['G01.910.857'], ['A05.810.890'], ['C04.588.945.947.960', 'C12.758.820.968', 'C12.777.829.813', 'C13.351.937.820.945', 'C13.351.968.829.707']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Prenyltransferase; determination of the binding mechanism and individual kinetic constants for farnesylpyrophosphate synthetase by rapid quench and isotope partitioning experiments.
|
The 1'-4 condensation reaction catalyzed by farnesylpyrophosphate synthetase was examined by using rapid quench and isotope partitioning experiments. E.Mg2+-isopentyl-PP (PP = pyrophosphate) is not catalytically competent, as evidenced by failure to trap the complex with Mg2+-geranyl-PP at concentrations as high as 3.2 mM. In contrast, the concentration of Mg2+-isopentenyl-PP required for one-half maximal trapping (K 1/2) of E.Mg2+-geranyl-PP is 1.4 muM. The results strongly support an ordered mechanism for the 1'-4 condensation reaction, with addition of the allylic substrate before Mg2+-isopentenyl-PP. At short reaction times, a burst phase corresponding to accumulation of Mg2+-farnesyl-PP on the surface of the enzyme, followed by a slower, steady-state release of products, is observed. Evaluation of individual kinetic constants for the reaction indicates that the rates for addition of Mg2+-geranyl-PP to the enzyme (k1 = 4.9 X 10(6) M-1 s-1) and addition of Mg2+-isopentenyl-PP to E.Mg2+-geranyl-PP (k3 = 2 X 10(6) m-1 s-1) are below the diffusion-controlled limit. The rate-limiting step at steady state is isomerization of E.Mg2+-farnesyl-PP-Mg2+-PPi or release of products (k6 = 0.1 s-1). During the course of isotope partitioning experiments with E.Mg2+-geranyl-PP, a new dual isotope procedure was developed which minimizes difficulties encountered during workup. In addition, for enzymes such as farnesyl-PP synthetase that catalyze irreversible reactions, the dual isotope approach is both sensitive extremely easy to execute.
|
['Alkenes', 'Animals', 'Binding Sites', 'Birds', 'Carbon Radioisotopes', 'Dimethylallyltranstransferase', 'Hemiterpenes', 'Kinetics', 'Liver', 'Magnesium', 'Mathematics', 'Organophosphorus Compounds', 'Protein Binding', 'Radioisotope Dilution Technique', 'Time Factors', 'Transferases']
| 7,013,805
|
[['D02.455.326.271'], ['B01.050'], ['G02.111.570.120'], ['B01.050.150.900.248'], ['D01.268.150.075.328', 'D01.496.123.328', 'D01.496.749.154'], ['D08.811.913.225.400'], ['D02.455.849.486'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['A03.620'], ['D01.268.552.437', 'D01.268.557.500', 'D01.552.547.500'], ['H01.548'], ['D02.705'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808'], ['E01.370.384.710', 'E05.484.650'], ['G01.910.857'], ['D08.811.913']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Functional properties of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase after proteolytic cleavage at Leu119-Lys120, close to the A-domain.
|
By measuring the phosphorylation levels of individual proteolytic fragments of SERCA1a separated by electrophoresis after their phosphorylation, we were able to study the catalytic properties of a p95C-p14N complex arising from SERCA1a cleavage by proteinase K between Leu(119) and Lys(120), in the loop linking the A-domain with the second transmembrane segment. ATP hydrolysis by the complex was very strongly inhibited, although ATP-dependent phosphorylation and the conversion of the ADP-sensitive E1P form to E2P still occurred at appreciable rates. However, the rate of subsequent dephosphorylation of E2P was inhibited to a dramatic extent, and this was also the case for the rate of "backdoor" formation of E2P from E2 and P(i). E2P formation from E2 at equilibrium nevertheless indicated little change in the apparent affinity for P(i) or Mg(2+), while binding of orthovanadate was weaker. The p95C-p14N complex also had a slightly reduced affinity for Ca(2+) and exhibited a reduced rate for its Ca(2+)-dependent transition from E2 to Ca(2)E1. Thus, disruption of the N-terminal link of the A-domain with the transmembrane region seems to shift the conformational equilibria of Ca(2+)-ATPase from the E1/E1P toward the E2/E2P states and to increase the activation energy for dephosphorylation of Ca(2+)-ATPase, reviving the old idea of the A-domain being a phosphatase domain as part of the transduction machinery.
|
['Animals', 'Calcium', 'Calcium-Transporting ATPases', 'Catalytic Domain', 'Endopeptidases', 'Hydrolysis', 'Leucine', 'Lysine', 'Models, Molecular', 'Phosphorylation', 'Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Calcium-Transporting ATPases', 'Structure-Activity Relationship']
| 14,672,956
|
[['B01.050'], ['D01.268.552.100', 'D01.552.539.288', 'D23.119.100'], ['D08.811.277.040.025.314.250', 'D12.776.157.530.450.250.500', 'D12.776.157.530.813.250', 'D12.776.543.585.450.250.500', 'D12.776.543.585.813.250'], ['G02.111.570.120.704', 'G02.111.570.820.709.275.750.188'], ['D08.811.277.656.300'], ['G02.380'], ['D12.125.070.637', 'D12.125.142.441'], ['D12.125.068.555', 'D12.125.095.647', 'D12.125.142.497'], ['E05.599.595'], ['G02.111.665', 'G02.607.780', 'G03.796'], ['D08.811.277.040.025.314.250.500', 'D12.776.157.530.450.250.500.500', 'D12.776.157.530.813.250.500', 'D12.776.543.585.450.250.500.500', 'D12.776.543.585.813.250.500'], ['G02.111.830', 'G07.690.773.997']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Enantioselective determination of oxprenolol in human plasma using dialysis coupled on-line to reversed-phase chiral liquid chromatography.
|
A fully automated method for the determination of the enantiomers of oxprenolol in human plasma was developed, involving dialysis through a cellulose acetate membrane, clean-up and enrichment of the dialysate on a short precolumn and subsequent chiral liquid chromatographic (LC) analysis. All sample handling operations were executed automatically by a sample processor equipped with a robotic arm (ASTED system). The trace enrichment column (TEC) was packed with octadecylsilica. After conditioning of the TEC with the LC mobile phase and pH 3.0 acetate buffer. After the enrichment step, the analyte was transferred by the LC mobile phase to the analytical column by means of a switching valve. The influence of different parameters of the dialysis process on the recovery of oxprenolol was first investigated using achiral LC conditions. The volume as well as the aspirating and dispensing flow rates of the acceptor solution were the main parameters studied. Oxprenolol was separated on a C18 stationary phase used for the enantioseparation of oxprenolol was a Chiralcel OD-R column which contained cellulose tris (3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) coated on silica as chiral selector. The corresponding mobile phase consisted of a mixture of pH 6.0 phosphate buffer containing NaClO4 at 0.45 M concentration and acetonitrile (70:30 v/v). UV detection was performed at 273 nm. The method developed was validated. Recoveries for each enantiomer of oxprenolol were about 80%. The method was found to be linear in the 50-2500 ng ml-1 concentration range (r2 = 0.999 for both enantiomers) and good results with respect to intra- and inter-day reproducibility as well as accuracy were obtained.
|
['Adrenergic beta-Antagonists', 'Autoanalysis', 'Chromatography, Liquid', 'Dialysis', 'Humans', 'Linear Models', 'Molecular Structure', 'Online Systems', 'Oxprenolol', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Stereoisomerism']
| 9,226,565
|
[['D27.505.519.625.050.200.200', 'D27.505.696.577.050.200.200'], ['E05.059'], ['E05.196.181.400'], ['E05.196.353', 'G02.186'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.740.500.500', 'E05.318.740.750.425', 'E05.599.835.750', 'N05.715.360.750.530.460', 'N05.715.360.750.695.460', 'N06.850.520.830.500.500', 'N06.850.520.830.750.425'], ['G02.111.570', 'G02.466'], ['L01.313.500.750.300.742'], ['D02.033.100.624.698.633', 'D02.033.755.624.698.633', 'D02.092.063.624.698.633'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['G02.607.445.682']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Immunoregulation of Dendritic Cell Subsets by Inhibitory Receptors in Urothelial Cancer.
|
Blockade of inhibitory receptors (IRs) overexpressed by T cells can activate antitumor immune responses, resulting in the most promising therapeutic approaches, particularly in bladder cancer, currently able to extend patient survival. Thanks to their ability to cross-present antigens to T cells, dendritic cells (DCs) are an immune cell population that plays a central role in the generation of effective antitumor T-cell responses. While IR function and expression have been investigated in T cells, very few data are available for DCs. Therefore, we analyzed whether DCs express IRs that can decrease their functions. To this end, we investigated several IRs (PD-1, CTLA-4, BTLA, TIM-3, and CD160) in circulating CD1c+ DCs, CD141+ DCs, and plasmacytoid DCs from healthy donors and patients with urothelial cancer (UCa). Different DC subsets expressed BTLA and TIM-3 but not other IRs. More importantly, BTLA and TIM-3 were significantly upregulated in DCs from blood of UCa patients. Locally, bladder tumor-infiltrating DCs also overexpressed BTLA and TIM-3 compared to DCs from paired nontumoral tissue. Finally, in vitro functional experiments showed that ligand-mediated engagement of BTLA and TIM-3 receptors significantly reduced the secretion of effector cytokines by DC subpopulations. Our findings demonstrate that UCa induces local and systemic overexpression of BTLA and TIM-3 by DCs that may result in their functional inhibition, highlighting these receptors as potential targets for UCa treatment.PATIENT SUMMARY: We investigated the expression and function of a panel of inhibitory receptors in dendritic cells (DCs), an immune cell subpopulation critical in initiation of protective immune responses, among patients with urothelial carcinoma. We found high expression of BTLA and TIM-3 by blood and tumor DCs, which could potentially mediate decreased DC function. The results suggest that BTLA and TIM-3 might be new targets for urothelial carcinoma treatment.
|
['Biomarkers, Tumor', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Dendritic Cells', 'Hepatitis A Virus Cellular Receptor 2', 'Humans', 'Phenotype', 'Receptors, Immunologic', 'Signal Transduction', 'Tumor Microenvironment', 'Up-Regulation', 'Urinary Bladder Neoplasms', 'Urothelium']
| 28,277,277
|
[['D23.101.140'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['A11.066.270', 'A11.436.270', 'A15.382.066.270', 'A15.382.670.260'], ['D12.776.395.550.479', 'D12.776.465.798', 'D12.776.543.550.437', 'D12.776.543.750.830.219'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G05.695'], ['D12.776.543.750.705'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['G04.366.500'], ['G02.111.905', 'G05.308.850', 'G07.690.773.998'], ['C04.588.945.947.960', 'C12.758.820.968', 'C12.777.829.813', 'C13.351.937.820.945', 'C13.351.968.829.707'], ['A10.272.850']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Effect of mayonnaise pH and storage temperature on the behavior of Listeria monocytogenes in ham salad and potato salad.
|
This study examined and modeled the behavior of Listeria monocytogenes in ham salad and potato salad as affected by the pH of mayonnaise and storage temperature. An eight-strain cocktail of L. monocytogenes was inoculated on the surface of diced cooked ham or potato. The inoculated ham or potato was then mixed with regular mayonnaise (pH 3.8) or mayonnaise that was adjusted with NaOH to pH 4.2 or 4.6. The cell counts of L. monocytogenes in the salads during storage at 4, 8, or 12 degrees C were enumerated and used to model the behavior of L. monocytogenes in ham salad or potato salad. At each of the storage temperatures, L. monocytogenes was able to grow in ham salad, whereas L. monocytogenes was inactivated in potato salad. The growth rate (log CFU per hour) in ham salad or the inactivation rate (log CFU per hour) in potato salad increased as the storage temperature increased. The duration before growth in ham salad or inactivation in potato salad increased as storage temperature decreased. The mayonnaise pH showed no consistent effect on the growth rate or inactivation rate and duration before growth or inactivation occurred. Mathematical equations that described the growth rate or inactivation rate of L. monocytogenes in both salads as a function of mayonnaise pH and storage temperature were generated and shown to be satisfactory in describing the growth rate or inactivation rate of L. monocytogenes in the ham salad or potato salad.
|
['Animals', 'Colony Count, Microbial', 'Food Contamination', 'Food Preservation', 'Humans', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Listeria monocytogenes', 'Meat Products', 'Solanum tuberosum', 'Swine', 'Temperature']
| 21,132,970
|
[['B01.050'], ['E01.370.225.875.220', 'E05.200.875.220'], ['J01.576.423.850.730.500.249', 'N06.850.460.400', 'N06.850.601.500.249'], ['J01.576.423.850.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G02.300'], ['B03.353.500.500.500', 'B03.510.100.500.500', 'B03.510.460.400.410.485.500'], ['G07.203.300.600.500', 'J02.500.600.500'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.908.500.725.777'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.880'], ['G01.906.595', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710', 'G16.500.750.775.710', 'N06.230.150.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Direct 31P imaging in human limb and brain.
|
OBJECTIVE: This article describes two methods for direct imaging of the 31P-metabolites phosphocreatine (PCr) and inorganic phosphate (Pi) and their application in human brain and muscle.MATERIALS AND METHODS: All studies were performed on a 1.5 T whole-body GE Signa scanner, using bird cage resonators double-tuned to 31P and 1H. The pulse sequence was based on a multiple slice, multiple echo imaging sequence. Selection of the PCr signal was achieved either by selective excitation or by the extensive chemical shift artifact in read direction. Examinations were done in two diabetic patients, in four patients with cerebral neoplasms, and in several healthy subjects.RESULTS: In calf muscle, images showed uniform distribution of PCr in normal muscle; deficits corresponded to bony structures and neurovascular bundles. Repeated exercise (dorsiflexion of the foot) led to selective loss of PCr in the anterior muscle compartment. A simultaneous increase in Pi appeared as a spatially distinct map. Diabetic patients showed more severe changes of PCr distribution in the calf muscle at rest and during much milder exercise. Direct imaging in the human brain with chemical shift selective excitation was completed in 5-30 min. In normal cerebral cortex, PCr was uniformly distributed around deficits marking the lateral ventricles. Tumors exhibiting moderate to severe depletion of PCr appeared as well defined deficits in the PCr image.CONCLUSION: Direct imaging of PCr and Pi, with or without selective excitation of PCr, was effective in the human brain and limb. The methods described should lead to greatly improved fast phosphorus imaging. Clinical utility in peripheral ischemia and in localized energy deficits in the brain of patients with tumor, stroke, and other pathologies is anticipated.
|
['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Brain', 'Brain Neoplasms', 'Humans', 'Leg', 'Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy', 'Middle Aged', 'Models, Structural', 'Muscles', 'Phosphates', 'Phosphocreatine', 'Physical Exertion']
| 8,370,818
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['A08.186.211'], ['C04.588.614.250.195', 'C10.228.140.211', 'C10.551.240.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A01.378.610.500'], ['E05.196.867.519'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['J01.897.280.500.545', 'L01.178.820.090.545'], ['A02.633', 'A10.690'], ['D01.029.260.700.675.374', 'D01.248.497.158.730', 'D01.695.625.675.650'], ['D12.125.373.603', 'D12.125.740.675'], ['G11.427.683']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
[Isolation and identification of Gardnerella vaginalis].
|
Thirty-four strains of Gardnerella vaginalis were studied. They were isolated from non specific vaginitis. A presumptive identification can be based on colonial morphology, Gram stain characteristics, negative catalase and oxidase test. The differentiation of Gardnerella vaginalis from other negative catalase coccobacilli is based on the acid formation of carbohydrates, enzymatic test, analysis of short chain volatile and non volatile end products of fermentation in GLC. All Gardnerella strains produce acid from glucose, maltose, starch and are hippurate and alpha glucosidase positive. They are sulfonamide resistant, acetic, lactic and succinic acids are detected by gas liquid chromatography.
|
['Actinomyces', 'Bifidobacterium', 'Diagnosis, Differential', 'Female', 'Gardnerella vaginalis', 'Haemophilus', 'Humans', 'Lactobacillus acidophilus', 'Leukorrhea', 'Vaginal Smears', 'Vaginitis']
| 3,931,038
|
[['B03.510.024.049.050.050', 'B03.510.460.400.400.049.049.178'], ['B03.510.024.100', 'B03.510.460.400.400.049.100'], ['E01.171'], ['B03.510.024.400.800'], ['B03.440.450.600.450', 'B03.660.250.550.290'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['B03.353.750.450.475.100', 'B03.510.460.400.410.475.475.100', 'B03.510.550.450.475.100'], ['C13.351.500.894.700.500'], ['E01.370.225.500.384.100.800', 'E01.370.225.998.054.800', 'E01.370.378.900', 'E04.074.800', 'E05.200.500.384.100.800', 'E05.200.998.054.800', 'E05.242.384.100.800'], ['C13.351.500.894.906']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Effect of mechanical grinding of Sphagnum on the structure and physiological state of bacterial communities].
|
The microcosm method was used to demonstrate an increase in bacterial numbers and drastic changes in the taxonomic structure of saprotrophic bacteria as a result of mechanical grinding of Sphagnum moss. Ekkrisotrophic agrobacteria predominant in untreated moss were replaced by hydrolytic bacteria. Molecular biological approaches revealed such specific hydrolytic bacteria as Janthinobacterium agaricum and Streptomyces purpurascens among the dominant taxa. The application of kinetic technique for determination of the physiological state of bacteria in situ revealed higher functional diversity of hydrolytic bacteria in ground moss than in untreated samples. A considerable decrease of the C/N ratio in ground samples of living Sphagnum incubated using the microcosm technique indicated decomposition of this substrate.
|
['Biodiversity', 'Carbon', 'Microbial Consortia', 'Nitrogen', 'Oxalobacteraceae', 'Soil Microbiology', 'Sphagnopsida', 'Streptomyces']
| 25,941,721
|
[['G16.500.275.157.049', 'N06.230.124.049'], ['D01.268.150'], ['G06.591.750', 'G16.500.275.157.049.100.500.750', 'N06.230.124.049.100.500.500'], ['D01.268.604', 'D01.362.625'], ['B03.440.400.425.587', 'B03.660.075.090.883'], ['H01.158.273.540.274.555', 'N06.850.425.300'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.137.750'], ['B03.300.390.400.810.768', 'B03.510.024.997.775', 'B03.510.415.400.810.768', 'B03.510.460.410.810.768']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Hollow-fiber-supported liquid membrane microextraction of amlodipine and atorvastatin.
|
A simple, environmentally friendly, and efficient method, based on hollow-fiber-supported liquid membrane microextraction, followed by high-performance liquid chromatography has been developed for the extraction and determination of amlodipine (AML) and atorvastatin (ATO) in water and urine samples. The AML in two-phase hollow-fiber liquid microextraction is extracted from 24.0 mL of the aqueous sample into an organic phase with microliter volume located inside the pores and lumen of a polypropylene hollow fiber as acceptor phase, but the ATO in three-phase hollow-fiber liquid microextraction is extracted from aqueous donor phase to organic phase and then back-extracted to the aqueous acceptor phase, which can be directly injected into the high-performance liquid chromatograph for analysis. The preconcentration factors in a range of 34-135 were obtained under the optimum conditions. The calibration curves were linear (R(2) ? 0.990) in the concentration range of 2.0-200 ìg/L for AML and 5.0-200 ìg/L for ATO. The limits of detection for AML and ATO were 0.5 and 2.0 ìg/L, respectively. Tap water and human urine samples were successfully analyzed for the existence of AML and ATO using the proposed methods.
|
['Amlodipine', 'Anticholesteremic Agents', 'Antihypertensive Agents', 'Atorvastatin', 'Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'Heptanoic Acids', 'Humans', 'Liquid Phase Microextraction', 'Pyrroles', 'Solid Phase Microextraction', 'Water Pollutants, Chemical']
| 24,833,551
|
[['D03.383.725.203.065'], ['D27.505.519.186.071.202', 'D27.505.954.557.500.202'], ['D27.505.954.411.162'], ['D03.383.129.578.075', 'D10.251.450.200'], ['E05.196.181.400.300'], ['D10.251.450'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.196.155.650.500'], ['D03.383.129.578'], ['E05.196.155.800.500'], ['D27.888.284.903.655']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Collusion in doctor-patient communication about imminent death: an ethnographic study.
|
OBJECTIVE: To discover and explore the factors that result in the "false optimism about recovery" observed in patients with small cell lung cancer.DESIGN: A qualitative observational (ethnographic) study in 2 stages over 4 years.SETTING: Lung diseases ward and outpatient clinic in a university hospital in the Netherlands.PARTICIPANTS: 35 patients with small cell lung cancer.RESULTS: False optimism about recovery usually developed during the first course of chemotherapy and was most prevalent when the cancer could no longer be seen on x-ray films. This optimism tended to vanish when the tumor recurred, but it could develop again, though to a lesser extent, during further courses of chemotherapy. Patients gradually found out the facts about their poor prognosis, partly by their physical deterioration and partly through contact with fellow patients in a more advanced stage of the illness who were dying. False optimism about recovery was the result of an association between physicians' activism and patients' adherence to the treatment calendar and to the "recovery plot," which allowed them to avoid acknowledging explicitly what they should and could know. The physician did and did not want to pronounce a "death sentence," and the patient did and did not want to hear it.CONCLUSION: Solutions to the problem of collusion between physician and patient require an active, patient-oriented approach by the physician. Perhaps solutions have to be found outside the physician-patient relationship itself--for example, by involving "treatment brokers."
|
['Aged', 'Attitude to Death', 'Carcinoma, Small Cell', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Lung Neoplasms', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Netherlands', 'Physician-Patient Relations', 'Prognosis', 'Prospective Studies', 'Qualitative Research', 'Right to Die', 'Truth Disclosure']
| 11,290,678
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['F01.100.125', 'N05.300.125'], ['C04.557.470.200.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.588.894.797.520', 'C08.381.540', 'C08.785.520'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['Z01.542.651'], ['F01.829.401.650.675', 'N05.300.660.625'], ['E01.789'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['H01.770.644.241.850'], ['I01.880.604.473.650.952', 'N03.706.437.650.750'], ['F01.829.401.046.800', 'I01.880.604.583.080.134.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Fourth ventricular CART peptide induces c-fos in the area postrema and nucleus of the solitary tract via a CRF-receptor dependent mechanism.
|
Cocaine-and amphetamine-regulated transcript peptides (CARTp) suppress gastric emptying and nutritional intake following 4th icv administration. Whereas, the CARTp inhibition of gastric emptying was blocked by pre-treatment with a non-selective corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) antagonist, sucrose drinking was not, suggesting that CARTp- and CRF controls for food intake and gastric emptying are operated through separable dorsal hindbrain mechanisms. The aim of the study was to explore CARTp-CRF brainstem interactions on patterns of neuronal activation in areas of the brainstem and midbrain relevant to gastrointestinal control and feeding regulation. Rats received 4th icv injections of combinations of vehicle, CARTp (1ìg), or the nonselective CRF antagonist, á-helical CRF9-41 (áCRF), in a randomized order. Brain sections were processed for c-fos by immunohistochemistry followed by image analysis at defined levels of the brain. CARTp (1ìg, 4th icv) induced a robust c-fos response in the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) and area postrema (AP), whereas, no c-fos could be detected in the parabrachial nucleus (PBN), the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN) or the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus (ARC). The c-fos expression in the structures of the dorsal vagal complex (DVC) was completely blocked by pre-treatment with the CRF antagonist, which did not by itself induce c-fos at any examined level. After CARTp and áCRF in combination, there was a tendency towards an increased c-fos response in the ARC. We conclude that CARTp activates cells of the area postrema and NTS via a downstream, CRF-dependent mechanism.
|
['Animals', 'Area Postrema', 'Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone', 'Eating', 'Fourth Ventricle', 'Gastrointestinal Tract', 'Hypothalamus', 'Male', 'Mesencephalon', 'Nerve Tissue Proteins', 'Neurons', 'Peptide Fragments', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Receptors, Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone', 'Solitary Nucleus']
| 26,475,505
|
[['B01.050'], ['A06.688.178.500', 'A08.186.211.132.810.591.500.286', 'A08.713.049.500'], ['D06.472.699.327.740.140', 'D12.644.400.400.740.140', 'D12.644.548.365.740.140', 'D12.776.631.650.405.740.140'], ['G07.203.650.283', 'G10.261.330'], ['A08.186.211.140.500'], ['A03.556'], ['A08.186.211.180.497', 'A08.186.211.200.317.357'], ['A08.186.211.132.659'], ['D12.776.631'], ['A08.675', 'A11.671'], ['D12.644.541'], ['D12.776.260.108.765', 'D12.776.624.664.700.179', 'D12.776.660.760', 'D12.776.930.127.765'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.180', 'D12.776.543.750.720.600.290', 'D12.776.543.750.750.555.290', 'D12.776.543.750.750.700.150'], ['A08.186.211.132.810.591.500.750']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Effects of parturition and lactation on blood and milk cell concentrations, corticosteroids, and neutrophil phagocytosis in the cow.
|
Blood differential leukocytes, erythrocytes, milk somatic cells, and neutrophil phagocytosis in 14 Holstein-Friesian cows were measured at 2-day intervals for 2 weeks before parturition, on the day of parturition, on postpartum days 1,2,5,10,15, and 30, and at monthly intervals throughout lactation. Circulating corticosteroids were measured in 6 cows on days -6, -4, -2, on the day of parturition, and on days +1, +2, +5, +10, +15, +30, and +60. Circulating neutrophils on day -2 on the day of parturition, on days 2, 10, and 15 averaged 3,363, 5,889, 3,085, 4,116, and 3,558/mm, respectively. The increase in neutrophils at parturition was accompanined by an increase in corticosteroids (2.7, 9.0, 11.1, 6.1, and 5.4 ng/ml of blood plasma on days -4 and -2, on the day of parturition, and on days +1 and +2, respectively). The phagocytic ability of circulating neutrophils was determined by incubating yeast cells with whole blood (30 minutes, 37 C) and microscopically counting yeast cells per neutrophil. Mean yeast cells per neutrophil decreased (P less than 0.01) during the 2nd week after parturition (7.4, 6.5, 6.6, and 7.2 on days +2, +10, +15, and +30, respectively). But this decrease was compensated for by an increase in circulating neutrophils during the same period.
|
['Adrenal Cortex Hormones', 'Animals', 'Blood Cell Count', 'Cattle', 'Erythrocyte Count', 'Female', 'Labor, Obstetric', 'Lactation', 'Leukocyte Count', 'Mastitis, Bovine', 'Milk', 'Neutrophils', 'Phagocytosis', 'Pregnancy']
| 984,546
|
[['D06.472.040'], ['B01.050'], ['E01.370.225.500.195.107', 'E01.370.225.625.107', 'E05.200.500.195.107', 'E05.200.625.107', 'E05.242.195.107', 'G04.140.107', 'G09.188.105'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['E01.370.225.500.195.107.330', 'E01.370.225.625.107.330', 'E05.200.500.195.107.330', 'E05.200.625.107.330', 'E05.242.195.107.330', 'G04.140.107.330', 'G09.188.105.330'], ['G08.686.784.769.326'], ['G08.686.523', 'G08.686.702.500'], ['E01.370.225.500.195.107.595', 'E01.370.225.625.107.595', 'E05.200.500.195.107.595', 'E05.200.625.107.595', 'E05.242.195.107.595', 'G04.140.107.595', 'G09.188.105.595'], ['C22.196.581'], ['A12.200.455', 'A12.790', 'G07.203.100.700', 'G07.203.300.350.525', 'J02.200.700', 'J02.500.350.525'], ['A11.118.637.415.583', 'A11.627.340.583', 'A11.733.689', 'A15.145.229.637.415.583', 'A15.382.490.315.583', 'A15.382.680.689'], ['G04.417.350', 'G09.188.665', 'G12.450.564.809', 'G12.688'], ['G08.686.784.769']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Preventive services in a health maintenance organization: how well do pediatricians screen and educate adolescent patients?
|
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether pediatricians in managed care settings adhere to national guidelines concerning the provision of clinical preventive services.DESIGN: Surveys were mailed between September 1996 and April 1997 to all pediatricians practicing in a California group-model health maintenance organization. The survey asked pediatricians about their screening and education practices on 34 recommended services and the actions taken with adolescent patients who have engaged in risk behavior.RESULTS: The response rate was 66.2% (N = 366). Pediatricians, on average, screened 92% of their adolescent patients for immunization status and blood pressure; 85% for school performance; 60% to 80% for obesity, sexual intercourse, cigarette use, alcohol use, drug use, and seat belt and helmet use; 30% to 47% for access to handguns, suicide, eating disorders, depression, and driving after drinking alcohol; fewer than 20% for use of smokeless tobacco, sexual orientation, sexual and physical abuse, and riding a bike or swimming after drinking alcohol; and 26% to 41% for close friends' engagement in risk behavior. Pediatricians' assessment and education with adolescent patients who screened positive for risk behavior was particularly low. Female physicians, physicians who saw a greater proportion of older adolescents, and recent medical school graduates were more likely to provide preventive services.CONCLUSIONS: Pediatricians in this health maintenance organization provide preventive services to adolescent patients at rates below recommendations but at rates greater than physicians in other practice settings. Improvement is especially needed in the areas that contribute most to adolescent mortality and for patients who screen positive for a risk behavior.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adolescent Behavior', 'Adolescent Health Services', 'California', 'Data Collection', 'Health Maintenance Organizations', 'Humans', 'Patient Education as Topic', 'Pediatrics', "Practice Patterns, Physicians'", 'Preventive Health Services', 'Risk-Taking']
| 10,665,605
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['F01.145.022'], ['N02.421.044'], ['Z01.107.567.875.580.200', 'Z01.107.567.875.760.200'], ['E05.318.308', 'L01.399.250', 'N05.715.360.300', 'N06.850.520.308'], ['N03.219.521.576.343.800.400', 'N03.219.521.576.343.925.400', 'N04.452.758.244.425', 'N04.590.374.410.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['I02.233.332.500', 'N02.421.726.407.680'], ['H02.403.670'], ['N04.590.374.577', 'N05.300.625'], ['N02.421.726'], ['F01.145.722']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Influence of chlorthalidone on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of Org 10172 (Lomoparan), a low molecular weight heparinoid, in healthy volunteers.
|
The influence of chlorthalidone (100 mg PO) on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of Org 10172 (IV bolus injection of 3250 anti-Xa units), a low molecular weight heparinoid, was studied in six healthy male volunteers using an open randomized two-way crossover design. Chlorthalidone produced a slight decrease in clearance of anti-Xa activity from 7.1 +/- 1.0 to 6.6 +/- 0.8 mL/min and a decrease of the volume of distribution from 0.20 +/- 0.05 to 0.16 +/- 0.04 L/kg, whereas the volume of distribution of antithrombin activity increased from 0.14 +/- 0.05 to 0.26 +/- 0.10 L/kg (all differences P less than .05). During the entire study period no adverse events occurred. In summary, chlorthalidone showed separate effects on different fractions of Org 10172. The clinical implication of the slight change observed in plasma anti-Xa activity is likely to be limited, whereas the 80% increase in distribution volume of plasma antithrombin activity can not be defined as yet in terms of clinical relevance.
|
['Adult', 'Blood Coagulation Tests', 'Chlorthalidone', 'Chondroitin Sulfates', 'Dermatan Sulfate', 'Drug Interactions', 'Glycosaminoglycans', 'Heparinoids', 'Heparitin Sulfate', 'Humans', 'Injections, Intravenous', 'Male', 'Metabolic Clearance Rate']
| 1,716,644
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E01.370.225.625.115', 'E05.200.625.115'], ['D02.065.884.365', 'D02.455.426.559.389.134.500', 'D02.478.600.500', 'D02.522.223.500', 'D02.886.590.700.365', 'D03.633.100.513.750.500'], ['D09.698.373.200.300'], ['D09.698.373.200.380'], ['G07.690.773.968'], ['D09.698.373'], ['D09.698.373.400.320'], ['D09.698.373.425'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.319.267.082.750', 'E02.319.267.530.540'], ['E01.370.225.843', 'E05.200.843', 'G03.490', 'G07.690.595', 'G07.690.725.513']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Evaluation of a Schiff base copper complex compound as potent anticancer molecule with multiple targets of action.
|
Copper is a biologically relevant metal as it is associated with various biomolecules related to essential physiological activities. Anticancer compounds with copper as a metal center is hypothesized to be less toxic and more potent. In the present study we have tested the efficacy of a family of Schiff base copper complexes of which the best compound was [Cu(Pyimpy)Cl(2)] where Pyimpy is a tridentate ligand containing two pyridine and one imine nitrogen donor. [Cu(Pyimpy)Cl(2)], represented as CuP1, was checked for its anticancer potential. The IC(50) value of CuP1 was found to be 4.29±0.42, 6.34±0.58 and 5.32±0.38 ìM in MCF-7, PC3 and HEK 293 cells respectively. It was found to cause in vitro DNA fragmentation in comet assays and acridine orange staining of MCF 7 cells. CuP1 was further tested on rat breast tumor models and was found to inhibit tumor growth. It caused apoptosis within the tumor by the up regulation of caspase pathway and inhibition of the Akt, matrix metalloproteinase 9 and á-methyl acyl CoA racemase. Antioxidant enzymes which in general results in drug resistant condition in tumor tissues were significantly inhibited by this copper compound (P<0.05). Further, CuP1 did not show any prominent systemic toxicity. These results indicate that CuP1 can be a potential anticancer agent and further investigation will reveal more about its mode of action.
|
['Animals', 'Antineoplastic Agents', 'Antioxidants', 'Apoptosis', 'Breast Neoplasms', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Copper', 'Female', 'HEK293 Cells', 'Humans', 'Molecular Targeted Therapy', 'Organometallic Compounds', 'Rats', 'Rats, Mutant Strains', 'Schiff Bases', 'Structure-Activity Relationship']
| 20,797,395
|
[['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.248'], ['D27.505.519.217', 'D27.505.696.706.125', 'D27.720.799.047'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['C04.588.180', 'C17.800.090.500'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['D01.268.556.195', 'D01.268.956.170', 'D01.552.544.195'], ['A11.251.210.172.750', 'A11.436.334'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.319.574'], ['D02.691'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.550'], ['D02.491.784'], ['G02.111.830', 'G07.690.773.997']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Stepwise visualization of membrane pore formation by suilysin, a bacterial cholesterol-dependent cytolysin.
|
Membrane attack complex/perforin/cholesterol-dependent cytolysin (MACPF/CDC) proteins constitute a major superfamily of pore-forming proteins that act as bacterial virulence factors and effectors in immune defence. Upon binding to the membrane, they convert from the soluble monomeric form to oligomeric, membrane-inserted pores. Using real-time atomic force microscopy (AFM), electron microscopy (EM), and atomic structure fitting, we have mapped the structure and assembly pathways of a bacterial CDC in unprecedented detail and accuracy, focussing on suilysin from Streptococcus suis. We show that suilysin assembly is a noncooperative process that is terminated before the protein inserts into the membrane. The resulting ring-shaped pores and kinetically trapped arc-shaped assemblies are all seen to perforate the membrane, as also visible by the ejection of its lipids. Membrane insertion requires a concerted conformational change of the monomeric subunits, with a marked expansion in pore diameter due to large changes in subunit structure and packing.
|
['Cell Membrane', 'Cholesterol', 'Computer Systems', 'Cryoelectron Microscopy', 'Diffusion', 'Disulfides', 'Hemolysin Proteins', 'Kinetics', 'Microscopy, Atomic Force', 'Models, Molecular', 'Negative Staining', 'Perforin', 'Pore Forming Cytotoxic Proteins', 'Protein Multimerization']
| 25,457,051
|
[['A11.284.149'], ['D04.210.500.247.222.284', 'D04.210.500.247.808.197', 'D10.570.938.208'], ['L01.224.230'], ['E01.370.350.515.402.150', 'E05.595.402.150'], ['G01.202', 'G02.196'], ['D01.248.497.158.874.390', 'D01.875.350.850.150', 'D02.886.520.150'], ['D12.776.543.695.444'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['E01.370.350.515.666.400', 'E05.595.666.400'], ['E05.599.595'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.670.520', 'E01.370.225.750.600.670.520', 'E05.200.500.620.670.520', 'E05.200.750.600.670.520'], ['D12.776.543.695.875'], ['D12.776.543.695'], ['G02.111.694']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Reconstruction of bony mandibular and maxillary defects with one single transfer of a free fibula osteocutaneous flap.
|
One-stage bone reconstruction of both the maxilla and the mandible with a single bone transfer is unusual in microsurgery. The authors report and describe the surgical technique of an original one-stage bone reconstruction of the maxilla and the mandible in a defect caused by a gunshot injury. The reconstruction was performed with a free fibular osteocutaneous flap. A concomitant maxillo-mandibular defect is uncommon. Gunshot injuries and tumours are the two main causes of this defect. The reconstruction of maxillary and mandibular defects can be a surgical challenge. The reconstruction was performed in one stage with the free transfer of a fibular osteocutaneous flap.
|
['Adult', 'Bone Transplantation', 'Fractures, Bone', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Mandibular Injuries', 'Maxilla', 'Reconstructive Surgical Procedures', 'Suicide, Attempted', 'Surgical Flaps', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed', 'Wounds, Gunshot']
| 17,658,304
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E02.095.147.725.052', 'E04.555.130', 'E04.936.580.052'], ['C26.404'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C10.900.300.284.500.500', 'C26.915.300.425.500.500'], ['A02.835.232.781.324.502.645', 'A14.521.645'], ['E04.680'], ['F01.145.126.980.875.600', 'I01.880.735.856.600'], ['A10.850.710', 'E07.862.710'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810'], ['C26.986.900']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
CCR5 knockout suppresses experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in C57BL/6 mice.
|
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory disease in which myelin in the spinal cord is damaged. C-C chemokine receptor type 5 (CCR5) is implicated in immune cell migration and cytokine release in central nervous system (CNS). We investigated whether CCR5 plays a role in MS progression using a murine model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), in CCR5 deficient (CCR5-/-) mice. CCR5-/- and CCR5+/+ (wild-type) mice were immunized with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein 35-55 (MOG35-55) followed by pertussis toxin, after which EAE paralysis was scored for 28 days. We found that clinical scoring and EAE neuropathology were lower in CCR5-/- mice than CCR5+/+ mice. Immune cells (CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, B cell, NK cell and macrophages) infiltration and astrocytes/microglial activation were attenuated in CCR5-/- mice. Moreover, levels of IL-1â, TNF-á, IFN-ã and MCP-1 cytokine levels were decreased in CCR5-/- mice spinal cord. Myelin basic protein (MBP) and CNPase were increased while NG2 and O4 were decreased in CCR5-/- mice, indicating that demyelination was suppressed by CCR5 gene deletion. These findings suggest that CCR5 is likely participating in demyelination in the spinal cord the MS development, and that it could serve as an effective therapeutic target for the treatment of MS.
|
['Animals', 'Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental', 'Humans', 'Jurkat Cells', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Mice, Knockout', 'Receptors, CCR5', 'Spinal Cord']
| 26,985,768
|
[['B01.050'], ['C10.114.703.300', 'C10.228.140.695.562.250', 'C10.314.350.250', 'C20.111.258.625.300', 'E05.598.500.500.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A11.251.210.190.495', 'A11.251.860.180.495', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.440'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['B01.050.050.136.500.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.455', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800.500'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.160.150.500', 'D12.776.543.750.705.852.125.150.500', 'D12.776.543.750.830.700.605'], ['A08.186.854']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Services for children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorders: payment issues.
|
Primary care physicians have an important role in assuring that children with autism are identified as early as possible and have a medical home providing appropriate care and care coordination. Understanding efficient methods of care and modifying practice habits to minimize services not currently supported by procedural codes will permit the primary clinician to be paid for this medical care. Current medical procedure codes can be legitimately used to bill for care related to developmental and behavioral health needs and consistent use of these codes will help address payment barriers.
|
['Adolescent', 'Autistic Disorder', 'Child', 'Child Health Services', 'Current Procedural Terminology', 'Humans', 'Insurance Claim Reporting', "Physician's Role", 'Primary Health Care', 'Reimbursement Mechanisms']
| 19,213,294
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['F03.625.164.113.500'], ['M01.060.406'], ['N02.421.143.130'], ['L01.453.245.945.160'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N03.219.521.576.210'], ['F01.829.316.616.625.600'], ['N04.590.233.727'], ['N03.219.521.710.305']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Expression analysis of calcium-dependent protein kinase gene family during reproductive development and abiotic stress conditions in rice (Oryza sativa L. ssp. indica).
|
Calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs) are important sensors of Ca(+2) flux in plants, which control plant development and responses by regulating downstream components of calcium signaling pathways. Availability of the whole genome sequence and microarray platform allows investigation of genome-wide organization and expression profile of CDPK genes in rice with a view to ultimately define their function in plant systems. Genome-wide analysis led to identification of 31 CDPK genes in rice after a thorough annotation exercise based upon HMM profiles. Twenty-nine already identified CDPK genes were verified and two new members were added to the CDPK gene family of rice. Relative expression of all these genes has been analyzed by using Affymetrix rice genome arraytrade mark during three vegetative stages, six stages of panicle (P1-P6) and five stages of seed (S1-S5) development along with three abiotic stress conditions, viz. cold, salt and desiccation, given to seedling. Thirty-one CDPK genes were found to express in at least one of the experimental stages studied. Of these, transcripts for twenty three genes accumulated differentially during reproductive developmental stages; nine of them were preferentially up-regulated only in panicle, five were up-regulated in stages of panicles as well as seed development, whereas, expression of one gene was found to be specific to the S1 stage of seed development. Eight genes were found to be down-regulated during the panicle and seed developmental stages. Six CDPK genes were found to be induced while the expression of one gene was down-regulated under stress conditions. The differential expression of CDPK genes during reproductive development and stress is suggestive of their involvement in the underlying signal transduction pathways. Furthermore, up-regulation of common genes both during reproductive development as well as stress responses is indicative of common element between reproduction and stress.
|
['Chromosomes, Plant', 'Gene Expression Profiling', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Plant', 'Genes, Plant', 'Genome, Plant', 'Models, Biological', 'Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis', 'Oryza', 'Phylogeny', 'Protein Kinases', 'Seeds', 'Species Specificity']
| 17,636,330
|
[['A11.284.187.560', 'A18.005', 'G05.360.162.560'], ['E05.393.332'], ['G05.308.320'], ['G05.308.375'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.393', 'G05.360.340.365.500'], ['G05.360.340.365'], ['E05.599.395'], ['E05.393.661.640', 'E05.393.760.640', 'E05.588.570.660', 'E05.601.640'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.822.616'], ['G05.697', 'G16.075.605', 'L01.100.697'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682'], ['A18.024.500.750', 'G07.203.300.775', 'J02.500.775'], ['G16.824']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Lymphocyte response to phytohemagglutinin in atopic dermatitis.
|
Studies of patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) have demonstrated several clinical and laboratory indications of immunity defects, but with frequently contradictory results. We have recently shown that many patients with negative cutaneous delayed type hypersensitivity to candidin and streptokinase-streptodornase may have normal in vitro lymphocyte transformation to the same antigens. We hypothesized that this represents recovery of immunocompetent cells when they are isolated in vitro. This report describes phytohemagglutinin-induced transformation of lymphocytes immediately after isolation and after four days in culture (precultured). Responses of lymphocytes from patients with AD were initially subnormal, but increased to normal levels after the preculture period. Our results suggest that defective immune function in AD is not due to a permanent intrinsic lymphocyte defect, but is more likely due to factors associated with disease activity and severity.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Child', 'Dermatitis, Atopic', 'Humans', 'Immunoglobulin E', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Lymphocyte Activation', 'Middle Aged', 'Phytohemagglutinins']
| 533,287
|
[]
|
[]
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
CYP1A2-mediated biotransformation of cardioactive 2-thienylidene-3,4-methylenedioxybenzoylhydrazine (LASSBio-294) by rat liver microsomes and human recombinant CYP enzymes.
|
We describe herein the metabolic fate of cardioactive 1,3-benzodioxolyl N-acylhydrazone prototype LASSBio-294 (4) and the structural identification of its major phase I metabolite from rat liver microsomal assays. Our results confirmed the hard-metabolic character of N-acylhydrazone (NAH) framework of LASSBio-294 (4). The development of a reproducible analytical methodology for the major metabolite by using HPLC-MS and the comparison with an authentic synthetic sample, allowed us to identify 2-thienylidene 3,4-dihydroxybenzoylhydrazine derivative (7), formed by oxidative scission of methylenedioxy bridge of LASSBio-294, as the main metabolite formed by action of CYP1A2 isoform. The identification of this isoform in the LASSBio-294 in the clearance of LASSBio-294 (4) oxidation was performed by the use of selective CYP inhibitors or human recombinant CYP enzymes.
|
['Animals', 'Biotransformation', 'Catalytic Domain', 'Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'Chromatography, Liquid', 'Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2', 'Heart', 'Humans', 'Hydrazones', 'Male', 'Mass Spectrometry', 'Microsomes, Liver', 'Models, Molecular', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Recombinant Proteins', 'Thiophenes']
| 21,144,625
|
[['B01.050'], ['G03.171', 'G03.787.225', 'G07.690.725.225'], ['G02.111.570.120.704', 'G02.111.570.820.709.275.750.188'], ['E05.196.181.400.300'], ['E05.196.181.400'], ['D08.244.453.005.443', 'D08.244.453.100.750', 'D08.811.682.690.708.170.010.443', 'D08.811.682.690.708.170.020.750', 'D12.776.422.220.453.010.443', 'D12.776.422.220.453.100.750'], ['A07.541'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D02.442.288'], ['E05.196.566'], ['A11.284.835.540.541'], ['E05.599.595'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900'], ['D12.776.828'], ['D02.886.778', 'D03.383.903']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Innovative programming in school mental health. Search for a methodology.
|
Entering a system it often regarded as the most difficult aspect of consultation, especially when entry is initiated by the consultant. Issues involved in seeking entry into a school system are considered from the perspective of a university-based consultant interested in developing, delivering, and evaluating innovative approaches to school mental health problems. Experience with a number of school systems leads to several conclusions about the entry process. Foremost is the existence of a difficult, time-consuming period of negotiations involving various school personnel; because of their varying perspectives and different interests, problems emerge and must be resolved successfully in the course of negotiations if a consultation project is to develop. Often this is not possible, and it is therefore suggested that the consultant seeking a school setting approach several systems concurrently.
|
['Attitude', 'Delivery of Health Care', 'Fees and Charges', 'Interprofessional Relations', 'Mental Health', 'Persuasive Communication', 'Referral and Consultation', 'School Health Services', 'Telephone']
| 872,669
|
[['F01.100'], ['N04.590.374', 'N05.300'], ['N03.219.442'], ['F01.829.401.205'], ['F02.418', 'N01.400.500'], ['L01.143.762'], ['N04.452.758.849'], ['N02.421.726.809'], ['L01.178.847.698']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Computed tomography angiography of a congenital extrahepatic splenocaval shunt in a foal.
|
Congenital portosystemic shunts in foals are rare and only a small number of cases have been described. Detailed description of the course of the shunt is lacking in earlier reports. This is the first detailed description of a computed tomography angiography (CTA) displaying an extra-hepatic splenocaval shunt. A 1-month old colt showing increasing signs of dullness, ataxia, circling, lip-smacking and coordination problems was presented. Hyperammonemia was detected and abdominal CTA revealed an extra-hepatic portocaval shunt. During surgery, ligation of the abnormal vessel could not be achieved, and the foal was euthanized because of complications during surgery. CTA provided a detailed overview of portal vasculature. If a portosystemic shunt is suspected in a foal, CTA can be used to confirm the diagnosis and for surgical planning.
|
['Animals', 'Computed Tomography Angiography', 'Fatal Outcome', 'Horse Diseases', 'Horses', 'Male', 'Portal System']
| 31,412,901
|
[['B01.050'], ['E01.370.350.350.810.335', 'E01.370.350.567.250', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810.335', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810.335', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810.568', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810.499'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.325', 'N01.224.935.698.201', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.325', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.325'], ['C22.488'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.984.235.472'], ['A07.015.908.670']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Prognostic factors influencing prostate cancer-specific survival in non-castrate patients with metastatic prostate cancer.
|
BACKGROUND: In non-castrate prostate cancer (PCa), the prognostic value of the number of metastases on prostate cancer-specific survival (PCSS) is not well studied.METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of 1,206 patients, referred for radiotherapy of the prostate (bed) following diagnosis of PCa. Distant metastases (nodal, skeletal, and/or visceral) developed in 121 patients following curative treatment, of which 80 with complete records were not castrated at time of metastasis. The treatment at time of metastases was androgen deprivation therapy (ADT; n = 22), active surveillance (n = 10) or metastasis-directed therapy (MDT; n = 48). Cox-regression analyses were used to examine the influence of different variables on PCSS.RESULTS: The median follow-up from primary PCa treatment was 6.9 years with a median interval from diagnosis to first metastatic event of 4.1 year (range: 0.2-15 years). The primary site of metastases was limited to lymph nodes (48%), bone (39%), and viscera (1%) or a combination (12%). Median PCSS from diagnosis of noncastrate metastases was 6.6 years (95% confidence interval [CI], 5.6-7.7 years). A longer premetastatic PSA doubling time (DT) (hazard ratio [HR] 0.73; 95% CI: 0.57-0.92), a lower number of metastases at first presentation (HR 1.07; 95% CI: 1.02-1.12) and pattern of metastatic spread (HR 3.6; 95% CI: 1.13-11.8 for extensive vs. minimal) were associated with improved PCSS.CONCLUSION: A longer PSA DT, involvement of nodes or axial skeleton and a lower number of metastases are associated with an improved PCSS in non-castrated patients developing metastases.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Androgen Antagonists', 'Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal', 'Bone Neoplasms', 'Humans', 'Lymphatic Metastasis', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasm Metastasis', 'Orchiectomy', 'Prognosis', 'Prostate-Specific Antigen', 'Prostatectomy', 'Prostatic Neoplasms', 'Radiotherapy', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Survival Rate']
| 24,395,565
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D06.347.065', 'D27.505.696.399.450.065'], ['D27.505.954.248.169'], ['C04.588.149', 'C05.116.231'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.697.650.560', 'C23.550.727.650.560'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04.697.650', 'C23.550.727.650'], ['E04.270.282.679', 'E04.950.165.679', 'E04.950.774.860.618'], ['E01.789'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.760.442.750', 'D08.811.277.656.959.350.442.750', 'D12.776.866.249.500', 'D23.050.285.625', 'D23.101.140.625'], ['E04.950.774.860.625'], ['C04.588.945.440.770', 'C12.294.260.750', 'C12.294.565.625', 'C12.758.409.750'], ['E02.815'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.900', 'N01.224.935.698.826', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.900', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.900']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Development and testing of a scale to assess physician attitudes about handheld computers with decision support.
|
OBJECTIVE: The authors developed and evaluated a rating scale, the Attitudes toward Handheld Decision Support Software Scale (H-DSS), to assess physician attitudes about handheld decision support systems.DESIGN: The authors conducted a prospective assessment of psychometric characteristics of the H-DSS including reliability, validity, and responsiveness. Participants were 82 Internal Medicine residents. A higher score on each of the 14 five-point Likert scale items reflected a more positive attitude about handheld DSS. The H-DSS score is the mean across the fourteen items. Attitudes toward the use of the handheld DSS were assessed prior to and six months after receiving the handheld device.STATISTICS: Cronbach's Alpha was used to assess internal consistency reliability. Pearson correlations were used to estimate and detect significant associations between scale scores and other measures (validity). Paired sample t-tests were used to test for changes in the mean attitude scale score (responsiveness) and for differences between groups.RESULTS: Internal consistency reliability for the scale was alpha = 0.73. In testing validity, moderate correlations were noted between the attitude scale scores and self-reported Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) usage in the hospital (correlation coefficient = 0.55) and clinic (0.48), p < 0.05 for both. The scale was responsive, in that it detected the expected increase in scores between the two administrations (3.99 (s.d. = 0.35) vs. 4.08, (s.d. = 0.34), p < 0.005).CONCLUSION: The authors' evaluation showed that the H-DSS scale was reliable, valid, and responsive. The scale can be used to guide future handheld DSS development and implementation.
|
['Analysis of Variance', 'Attitude of Health Personnel', 'Attitude to Computers', 'Computers, Handheld', 'Decision Support Systems, Clinical', 'Evaluation Studies as Topic', 'Humans', 'Physicians', 'Psychometrics', 'Reproducibility of Results']
| 16,799,120
|
[['E05.318.740.150', 'N05.715.360.750.125', 'N06.850.520.830.150'], ['F01.100.050', 'N05.300.100'], ['F01.100.100'], ['L01.224.230.260.550.500'], ['L01.313.500.750.300.190'], ['E05.337', 'N05.715.360.335'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.526.485.810', 'N02.360.810'], ['F04.711.780'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Successful endoscopic transpapillary management of intrahepatic pancreatic pseudocyst.
|
CONTEXT: Intrahepatic pancreatic pseudocyst extension is a rare but complex clinical entity requiring multimodality approach for management. There is no consensus regarding the optimal strategy for the treatment of intrahepatic pancreatic pseudocyst and the literature is limited to a few case reports. Most of the published cases were managed by surgical or percutaneous drainage.CASE REPORT: We hereby report a case of intrahepatic pancreatic pseudocyst extension which failed to resolve by percutaneous drainage. Endoscopic transpapillary drainage was utilized which led to complete resolution of the intrahepatic pancreatic pseudocyst.CONCLUSION: The excellent results obtained in our patient suggest that it should be considered as primary treatment and may obviate the need for more aggressive and potentially morbid procedures.
|
['Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde', 'Drainage', 'Endoscopy', 'Humans', 'Liver', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Pancreatic Pseudocyst', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 20,065,551
|
[['E01.370.350.700.715.200.200', 'E01.370.372.200.200', 'E01.370.372.250.200', 'E01.370.388.250.250.160', 'E04.210.240.160', 'E04.502.250.250.160'], ['E02.309', 'E04.237'], ['E01.370.388.250', 'E04.502.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A03.620'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04.182.640.692', 'C06.689.500.692'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Valuing Preferences for the Process and Outcomes of Clinical Genetics Services: A Pilot Study.
|
BACKGROUND: Understanding preferences for the process and outcomes of clinical genetics services (CGS) is a first step to developing these services appropriately.AIM: The aim of this study was to quantify the relative importance of attributes defining the process of service delivery and the patient outcomes of CGS.METHODS: An online hybrid conjoint analysis discrete choice experiment (CA-DCE) was piloted in a purposive sample (n = 37) of CGS patients and non-patients to identify (i) service attributes (n = 13) perceived to facilitate informed decision making; (ii) relative preferences for six attributes (5 process, 1 outcome: ability to make an informed decision). A three-step approach was taken to link the data from the CA-DCE using hierarchical information integration and ordered logit and multinomial logit models. Marginal willingness-to-pay (WTP) values were calculated.RESULTS: Services that facilitate informed decision making, with shorter waiting times and involving pre-consultation contact were preferred. Estimated WTP values were: service location (£3170; 95% CI -391 to 15,098); waiting time (-£1080; 95% CI -3659 to -603); pre-consultation contact (£7765; 95% CI 2542-33,937); improved informed decision making (£2254; 95% CI 775-9866).CONCLUSION: This study suggests that hybrid stated preference experiments offer a practical solution to understanding preferences for how CGS services are delivered.
|
['Choice Behavior', 'Decision Making', 'Genetic Services', 'Health Services Research', 'Humans', 'Internet', 'Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care', 'Patient Preference', 'Pilot Projects', 'State Medicine', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'United Kingdom']
| 26,085,127
|
[['F02.463.785.373.346'], ['F02.463.785.373'], ['N02.421.308'], ['H01.770.644.145.360', 'N03.349.380', 'N05.425'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.224.230.110.500'], ['N04.761.559', 'N05.715.360.575'], ['F01.100.150.750.625.500', 'F01.145.488.887.625.500', 'N04.452.822.700.500', 'N05.300.150.800.625.500'], ['E05.318.372.750', 'E05.337.737', 'N05.715.360.330.720', 'N06.850.520.450.720'], ['N03.349.550.902', 'N03.858'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['Z01.542.363']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Meta-analysis of facial affect recognition difficulties after traumatic brain injury.
|
OBJECTIVE: Difficulties in communication and social relationships present a formidable challenge for many people after traumatic brain injury (TBI). These difficulties are likely to be partially attributable to problems with emotion perception. Mounting evidence shows facial affect recognition to be particularly difficult after TBI. However, no attempt has been made to systematically estimate the magnitude of this problem or the frequency with which it occurs.METHOD: A meta-analysis is presented examining the magnitude of facial affect recognition difficulties after TBI. From this, the frequency of these impairments in the TBI population is estimated. Effect sizes were calculated from 13 studies that compared adults with moderate to severe TBI to matched healthy controls on static measures of facial affect recognition.RESULTS: The studies collectively presented data from 296 adults with TBI and 296 matched controls. The overall weighted mean effect size for the 13 studies was -1.11, indicating people with TBI on average perform about 1.1 SD below healthy peers on measures of facial affect recognition. Based on estimation of the TBI population standard deviation and modeling of likely distribution shape, it is estimated that between 13% and 39% of people with moderate to severe TBI may have significant difficulties with facial affect recognition, depending on the cut-off criterion used.CONCLUSION: This is clearly an area that warrants attention, particularly examining techniques for the rehabilitation of these deficits.
|
['Adult', 'Affect', 'Brain Injuries', 'Discrimination, Psychological', 'Facial Expression', 'Humans', 'Neuropsychological Tests', 'Pattern Recognition, Visual', 'Recognition, Psychology']
| 21,463,043
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['F01.470.047'], ['C10.228.140.199', 'C10.900.300.087', 'C26.915.300.200'], ['F02.463.593.257'], ['E01.370.600.225', 'F01.145.209.530.385'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F04.711.513'], ['F02.463.593.524.500', 'F02.463.593.932.622'], ['F02.463.425.540.706']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Treatment of recent lesions of the dorsoradial compartment of the metacarpophalangeal (MP) joint of the thumb.
|
Lesions of the dorsoradial compartment of the metacarpophalangeal joint of the thumb, are encountered more rarely than rupture of the internal collateral ligament and are considered a less serious or complex lesion. However, the alteration of the various structures, at the level of the metacarpophalangeal joint, produces, a severe deformity. It is an injury that requires early surgical repair of these structures. The author describes the physiopathology of the injury and the surgical technique for correcting the deformity on the basis of a series of operated cases.
|
['Adult', 'Biomechanical Phenomena', 'Bone Nails', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Joint Instability', 'Male', 'Metacarpophalangeal Joint', 'Radiography', 'Range of Motion, Articular', 'Thumb', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 9,336,621
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['G01.154.090', 'G01.374.089'], ['E07.695.370.249', 'E07.858.442.660.460.249', 'E07.858.690.725.460.249'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C05.550.521'], ['A02.835.583.405.500'], ['E01.370.350.700'], ['E01.370.600.700', 'G11.427.760'], ['A01.378.800.667.430.705'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Energetics and conformational changes upon complexation of a phenothiazine drug with human serum albumin.
|
The interactions and complexation process of the amphiphilic phenothiazine fluphenazine hydrochloride with human serum albumin in aqueous buffered solutions of pH 3.0 and 7.4 have been examined by zeta-potential, isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), UV-vis spectroscopy, and dynamic light scattering (DLS) techniques with the aim of analyzing the effect of hydrophobic and electrostatic forces on the complexation process and the alteration of protein conformation upon binding. Thus, the energetics and stoichiometry of the binding process were derived from ITC data. The enthalpies of binding obtained are small and exothermic, so the Gibbs energies of binding are dominated by large increases in entropy, consistent with hydrophobic interactions at a acidic pH. However, at physiological pH, binding to the first class of binding sites is dominated by an enthalpic contribution due to the existence of electrostatic interactions and probably some hydrogen bonding. Binding isotherms were obtained from microcalorimetric data by using a theoretical model based on the Langmuir isotherm. zeta-Potential data showed a reversal in the sign of the protein charge at pH 7.4, as a consequence of the binding of the drug to the protein. Gibbs energies of drug binding per mole of drug were also derived from zeta-potential data. On the other hand, binding of the phenothiazine that causes a conformational transition on the protein structure was followed as a function of drug concentration using UV-vis spectroscopy, and the data were analyzed to obtain the Gibbs energy of the transition in water (deltaG(degree)w) and in a hydrophobic environment (deltaG(degree)hc). Finally, the population distribution of the different species in solution and the size of the complexes were analyzed through dynamic light scattering. The existence of an aggregation process of drug/protein complexes, as a consequence of the expanded structure of the protein induced by the drug and subsequent further binding, is in agreement with ITC data. In addition, detection of drug aggregates at concentrations below the drug critical micelle concentration was also detected by this technique.
|
['Humans', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Kinetics', 'Light', 'Phenothiazines', 'Protein Conformation', 'Scattering, Radiation', 'Serum Albumin', 'Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet', 'Thermodynamics']
| 17,592,874
|
[['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G02.300'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['G01.358.500.505.650', 'G01.590.540', 'G01.750.250.650', 'G01.750.770.578'], ['D02.886.369', 'D03.633.300.783'], ['G02.111.570.820.709'], ['E05.196.822', 'G01.867'], ['D12.776.034.841', 'D12.776.124.727'], ['E05.196.712.726.802', 'E05.196.867.826.802'], ['G01.906']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The priming effect of glucose on insulin release does not involve redistribution of secretory granules within the pancreatic B-cell.
|
Short-term stimulation of the pancreatic B-cell with glucose produces a time-dependent potentiation of this cell, which markedly enhances the insulin response to a renewed stimulation with the hexose. To study if a redistribution of the B-cell secretory granules to a location close to the B-cell plasma membrane could underlie the priming effect of glucose, an investigation by ultrastructural morphometry was performed. After exposure of perfused rat pancreas to non-priming or priming concentrations of glucose, pale and dark B-cell secretory granules were distinguished and analysed both within a central and a peripheral zone of the B-cell. The pale secretory granules comprised 30-40% of the total granule population in the B-cell. Whereas no difference in diameter of the granules was observed, there was evidence for a greater numerical density of dark granules in the central than in the peripheral part of the B-cell. This finding may be in line with observations implying that newly synthesized insulin is released preferentially to older insulin. The present experiments did, however, not reveal any significant priming effect of glucose on the intracellular distribution of secretory granules in the pancreatic B-cell. The lack of morphological changes in the B-cell by glucose priming of insulin release should, rather, direct increased attention to the biochemical aspects of the priming phenomenon.
|
['Animals', 'Cytoplasmic Granules', 'Glucose', 'Insulin', 'Insulin Secretion', 'Islets of Langerhans', 'Male', 'Microscopy, Electron', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Strains']
| 3,286,324
|
[['B01.050'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.500', 'A11.284.430.214.190.875.190.190'], ['D09.947.875.359.448'], ['D06.472.699.587.200.500.625', 'D12.644.548.586.200.500.625'], ['G03.442', 'G07.475'], ['A03.734.414', 'A06.300.414'], ['E01.370.350.515.402', 'E05.595.402'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Local anesthetics (LA). Adverse reactions from the use of LA (IV)].
|
Most common and significant adverse reactions directly attributable to the administration of local anesthetics which occur in dental practice are discussed. Both most severe systemic reactions--uncommonly found--and local reactions--of lesser importance--are reviewed. Tolerance, subtoxic doses and general toxicity of these drugs, as well as toxicity on specific organs are studied, as too are the prophylactic and therapeutic measures which need to be adopted according to the particular case. It is mandatory for the dental surgeon to have available equipment for resuscitation--mask and reservoir bag for assisted ventilation--equipment for fluid infusion, adrenaline, steroids, antihistamines, airways and suction equipment.
|
['Anesthesia, Dental', 'Anesthetics, Local', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Drug Hypersensitivity', 'Humans', 'Resuscitation']
| 2,640,040
|
[['E03.155.141', 'E06.045'], ['D27.505.696.277.100.200', 'D27.505.696.663.850.025', 'D27.505.954.427.210.100.200'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['C20.543.206', 'C25.100.468'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.365.647']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Anaerotignum faecicola sp. nov., isolated from human faeces.
|
A strictly anaerobic bacterium, designated as strain KGMB-03357T, was isolated from the faeces of a healthy Korean selected by Bundang Seoul National University based on health status. Cells of strain KGMB03357T are Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, non-spore-forming, and observed as straight or curved rods. The isolate grew at 10-45°C (optimum temperature of 40°C) and a pH range of 5.1-10.5 (optimum pH of 6.8). Analysis of phylogenetic trees based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain KGMB03357T forms a lineage within the genus Anaerotignum, and is most closely related to Anaerotignum lactatifermentans G17T (= KCTC 15066T, 96.1%), Anaerotignum propionicum DSM 1682T (= KCTC 5582T, 94.9%), Anaerotignum neopropionicum DSM 03847T (= KCTC 15564T, 94.9%), and Anaerotignum aminivorans SH021T (= KCTC 15705T, 94.8%). The ANI values between strain KGMB 03357T and members of the genus Anaerotignum were 73.3-71.0%, which are below the ANI criterion for interspecies identity. The DNA G + C content based on the whole-genome sequence is 47.3 mol%. The major cellular fatty acids of strain KGMB03357T are C16:0, C18:0, C18?1 cis 9, and anteiso-C15?0. Strain KGMB03357T contains meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic amino acid in the cell wall peptidoglycan. Based on the phenotypic, phylogenetic, and genomic properties, strain KGMB 03357T represents a novel species of the genus Anaerotignum, for which the name Anaerotignum faecicola sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is KGMB03357T (= KCTC 15736T = DSM 107953T).
|
['Bacterial Typing Techniques', 'Base Composition', 'Clostridiales', 'DNA, Bacterial', 'Diaminopimelic Acid', 'Fatty Acids', 'Feces', 'Humans', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Microbiota', 'Peptidoglycan', 'Phylogeny', 'RNA, Ribosomal, 16S', 'Seoul', 'Sequence Analysis, DNA', 'Temperature']
| 31,680,219
|
[['E01.370.225.875.150.125', 'E05.200.875.150.125'], ['G02.111.080'], ['B03.353.625'], ['D13.444.308.212'], ['D02.241.081.337.699.250', 'D12.125.095.390'], ['D10.251'], ['A12.459'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G02.300'], ['G06.591', 'G16.500.275.157.049.100.500', 'N06.230.124.049.100.500'], ['D09.400.420.700', 'D09.698.718.594', 'D12.644.233.594', 'D12.776.395.560.800', 'D23.050.161.616.594'], ['G05.697', 'G16.075.605', 'L01.100.697'], ['D13.444.735.686.670'], ['Z01.252.474.557.750.500', 'Z01.433.887'], ['E05.393.760.700'], ['G01.906.595', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710', 'G16.500.750.775.710', 'N06.230.150.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Distant metastasis of renal adenocarcinoma in nephrectomized cases.
|
In an analysis of the autopsy records of 1,828 patients with renal adenocarcinoma 424 nephrectomized and 1,404 nonnephrectomized cases were compared to explore the effect of nephrectomy on metastasis. Over-all, no significant difference was observed except for a high incidence of metastases to the brain and femur, and a low incidence of metastases to the ipsilateral adrenal and renal hilar lymph nodes in nephrectomized cases. No significant difference was seen between the nephrectomized and nonnephrectomized cases with metastatic involvement of 1 organ, with respect to the frequency with which any given organ was involved. There were 5 patients with metastasis in whom survival was 10 years or longer after nephrectomy. Lung metastasis was present in 4 cases and lymph node metastasis in 1. Of these 5 patients 3 had undergone nephrectomy only. The results failed to show any evidence of the effectiveness of nephrectomy or adjuvant therapy. It was inferred that the mode of metastasis and the clinical progress of patients after nephrectomy for renal adenocarcinoma are influenced more profoundly by characteristics of the tumor itself than by nephrectomy.
|
['Adenocarcinoma', 'Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Autopsy', 'Child', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Kidney Neoplasms', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Nephrectomy', 'Prognosis']
| 7,087,014
|
[['C04.557.470.200.025'], ['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E01.370.060', 'E05.070', 'I01.198.780.937.120'], ['M01.060.406'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.588.945.947.535', 'C12.758.820.750', 'C12.777.419.473', 'C13.351.937.820.535', 'C13.351.968.419.473'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E04.950.774.435'], ['E01.789']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Clostridium botulinum group I strain genotyping by 15-locus multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis.
|
Clostridium botulinum is a taxonomic designation that encompasses a broad variety of spore-forming, Gram-positive bacteria producing the botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT). C. botulinum is the etiologic agent of botulism, a rare but severe neuroparalytic disease. Fine-resolution genetic characterization of C. botulinum isolates of any BoNT type is relevant for both epidemiological studies and forensic microbiology. A 10-locus multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis (MLVA) was previously applied to isolates of C. botulinum type A. The present study includes five additional loci designed to better address proteolytic B and F serotypes. We investigated 79 C. botulinum group I strains isolated from human and food samples in several European countries, including types A (28), B (36), AB (4), and F (11) strains, and 5 nontoxic Clostridium sporogenes. Additional data were deduced from in silico analysis of 10 available fully sequenced genomes. This 15-locus MLVA (MLVA-15) scheme identified 86 distinct genotypes that clustered consistently with the results of amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and MLVA genotyping in previous reports. An MLVA-7 scheme, a subset of the MLVA-15, performed on a lab-on-a-chip device using a nonfluorescent subset of primers, is also proposed as a first-line assay. The phylogenetic grouping obtained with the MLVA-7 does not differ significantly from that generated by the MLVA-15. To our knowledge, this report is the first to analyze genetic variability among all of the C. botulinum group I serotypes by MLVA. Our data provide new insights into the genetic variability of group I C. botulinum isolates worldwide and demonstrate that this group is genetically highly diverse.
|
['Botulism', 'Clostridium botulinum', 'Cluster Analysis', 'Food Microbiology', 'Genotype', 'Humans', 'Minisatellite Repeats', 'Molecular Epidemiology', 'Molecular Typing', 'Pathology, Molecular', 'Phylogeny', 'Polymorphism, Genetic']
| 22,012,011
|
[['C01.150.252.410.222.151', 'C10.668.758.200', 'C10.720.150', 'C25.723.415.151'], ['B03.300.390.400.200.160', 'B03.353.625.375.500.160', 'B03.510.415.400.200.160'], ['E05.318.740.250', 'N05.715.360.750.200', 'N06.850.520.830.250'], ['H01.158.273.540.274.332', 'J01.576.423.850.730.500.249.300', 'N06.850.425.200', 'N06.850.460.400.300', 'N06.850.601.500.249.300'], ['G05.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G02.111.570.080.708.800.550', 'G05.360.080.708.800.550', 'G05.360.340.024.850.550'], ['E05.318.416', 'E05.393.522', 'H01.158.201.636.475.500', 'H01.158.273.343.595.475.500', 'H01.181.122.650.475.550', 'H02.403.720.500.300', 'N06.850.520.470'], ['E01.370.225.875.150.125.457', 'E05.200.875.150.125.457', 'E05.393.542'], ['H01.158.201.636.475.750', 'H01.158.273.343.595.475.750', 'H01.181.122.650.475.680', 'H02.403.650.505'], ['G05.697', 'G16.075.605', 'L01.100.697'], ['G05.365.795']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Postprocedural low molecular weight heparin in patients at high risk of subacute stent thrombosis.
|
BACKGROUND: Subacute stent thrombosis (SAT) is a dramatic complication of percutaneous coronary stenting occurring in 0.4-20% of cases depending on several angiographic and clinical variables. The role of postprocedural low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) in preventing early events after high-risk PCI is not well established. In this study we describe our experience with postprocedural LMWH in patients deemed to be at high risk of SAT.METHODS: Thirty-six patients who were treated with subcutaneous LMWH for at least 7 days after the intervention were identified from our database. All cineangiograms and charts were retrospectively reviewed to confirm the high-risk intervention properties. Thirty-day and long-term major adverse coronary events (MACEs) were documented in all patients.RESULTS: The most common indications for LMWH were the deployment of > or =3 consecutive stents, the presence of intracoronary thrombus or ulceration, poststenting residual stenosis, contraindication to aspirin or thienopyrideines, and persistent dissection. The majority of patients (61%) had > or =2 risk factors. Mean postprocedural treatment period was 12+/-3 days. At 30 days, none of the patients experienced a MACE including death, myocardial infarction, and repeat revascularization. No major bleeding occurred and one patient (2.7%) had a minor bleeding. At a mean follow-up of 31 months, MACE occurred in 17% of patients.CONCLUSIONS: Postprocedural LMWH is safe and effective in preventing SAT in patients undergoing high-risk coronary intervention.
|
['Aged', 'Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary', 'Coronary Stenosis', 'Dalteparin', 'Female', 'Fibrinolytic Agents', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Postoperative Care', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Risk Factors', 'Stents', 'Thrombosis', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 15,321,055
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['E02.148.050.060.100', 'E04.100.376.719.100', 'E04.100.814.529.124.060.100', 'E04.100.814.529.968.050', 'E04.502.382.124.060.100', 'E04.502.382.968.050', 'E04.928.220.520.100', 'E05.157.016.060.100'], ['C14.280.647.250.285', 'C14.907.585.250.285'], ['D09.698.373.400.300.150'], ['D27.505.519.421.750', 'D27.505.954.411.320', 'D27.505.954.502.427'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E02.760.731.700', 'E04.604.500', 'N02.421.585.722.700'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['E07.695.750'], ['C14.907.355.830'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
[Affine magnetic sorbents supported on coal ash microspheres for recombinant protein isolation].
|
The results of the development and utilization of an affine magnetic sorbent with Ni2+ ions immobilized on coal ash microspheres are reported. The applicability of the material in the isolation of Histag proteins is demonstrated by examples of the recombinant green fluorescent protein from Clytia gregarium and the Ca2+ regulated photoprotein obelin from Obelia longissima. The specific sorption capacity of the sorbent was 2-7 mg/cm3 for medium-size proteins (20-30 kDa). The particles are suitable for chromatography with the presence of chaotropic agents and EDTA. They are easy to manipulate as isolation of a target protein takes 30-35 min. On one hand, the elevated affinity of the sorbent to proteins rich in native histidines may result in a high degree of irreversible sorption; on the other hand, it allows isolation of such proteins without the introduction of artificial polyhistidine tracts.
|
['Calcium', 'Chromatography, Affinity', 'Coal', 'Green Fluorescent Proteins', 'Magnetics', 'Microspheres', 'Nickel', 'Particle Size', 'Recombinant Proteins']
| 19,382,714
|
[['D01.268.552.100', 'D01.552.539.288', 'D23.119.100'], ['E05.196.181.400.170'], ['D20.345.108', 'N06.230.132.258.108'], ['D12.776.532.265'], ['H01.671.493'], ['E07.565'], ['D01.268.556.607', 'D01.268.956.625', 'D01.552.544.607'], ['G02.712'], ['D12.776.828']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Histologically confirmed intracranial germ cell tumors; an analysis of 62 patients in a single institute.
|
This study was undertaken to document the clinicopathologic characteristics of histologically verified, primary intracranial germ cell tumors (GCTs), determine treatment outcomes, and to identify prognostic factors. The records of 62 patients (45 males and 17 females) with a primary intracranial GCT were retrospectively analyzed. Mean patient age was 18 years, and median follow-up was 41 months. The most common histological subtypes were germinoma (48.4%), followed by mixed GCT (27.4%), and teratoma (19.4%). In 23 patients (37.1%), disease onset occurred between 16 and 20 years. Germinomas and malignant non-germinomatous germ cell tumors were most prevalent in the pineal gland, suprasellar region, and basal ganglia, whereas teratomas dominated at other sites. Synchronous bifocal GCTs were found in six patients. Five-year overall survival (OS) rates according to a therapeutic classification proposed by Sawamura were 82.93%, 83.08%, and 64.71% in the good, intermediate, and poor prognosis groups, respectively (P = 0.2839). Five-year OSs in patients with normal tumor marker (alphaFP or betaHCG) and patients with elevated marker were 85.26% and 66.96%, respectively (P = 0.0568). Five of six patients with alpha-fetoprotein (alpha-FP) of >1,000 ng/ml succumbed to disease, whereas all five patients with a beta-human chorionic gonadotropin of >1,000 mIU/ml survived. Mixed GCTs are more common in Korea than in the West. Sawamura's classification of intracranial GCT may be a fine tool for stratifying patients' survival. Patients with elevated tumor marker levels may appear to have poorer OS independent of histology. In particular, high titers of alpha-FP seem to impact prognosis.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Biomarkers, Tumor', 'Brain Neoplasms', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Infant', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Kaplan-Meier Estimate', 'Korea', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal', 'Prognosis', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Young Adult']
| 20,652,714
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['D23.101.140'], ['C04.588.614.250.195', 'C10.228.140.211', 'C10.551.240.250'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['M01.060.703'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['E05.318.740.998.650', 'N05.715.360.750.795.650', 'N06.850.520.830.998.650'], ['Z01.252.474.557', 'Z01.586.407'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04.557.465'], ['E01.789'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Predicting Antigenicity of Influenza A Viruses Using biophysical ideas.
|
Antigenic variations of influenza A viruses are induced by genomic mutation in their trans-membrane protein HA1, eliciting viral escape from neutralization by antibodies generated in prior infections or vaccinations. Prediction of antigenic relationships among influenza viruses is useful for designing (or updating the existing) influenza vaccines, provides important insights into the evolutionary mechanisms underpinning viral antigenic variations, and helps to understand viral epidemiology. In this study, we present a simple and physically interpretable model that can predict antigenic relationships among influenza A viruses, based on biophysical ideas, using both genomic amino acid sequences and experimental antigenic data. We demonstrate the applicability of the model using a benchmark dataset of four subtypes of influenza A (H1N1, H3N2, H5N1, and H9N2) viruses and report on its performance profiles. Additionally, analysis of the model's parameters confirms several observations that are consistent with the findings of other previous studies, for which we provide plausible explanations.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Antigenic Variation', 'Antigens, Viral', 'Computational Biology', 'Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus', 'Humans', 'Influenza A virus', 'Influenza Vaccines', 'Influenza, Human', 'Models, Theoretical']
| 31,308,446
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['G05.365.073', 'G12.500.249'], ['D23.050.327'], ['H01.158.273.180', 'L01.313.124'], ['D12.776.964.970.880.345.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['B04.820.480.968.405.400'], ['D20.215.894.899.302'], ['C01.748.310', 'C01.925.782.620.365', 'C08.730.310'], ['E05.599']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Early detection of Alzheimer's disease: a new working memory paradigm.
|
OBJECTIVES: Early detection of Alzheimer's disease (AD) offers the chance to decelerate the patients' cognitive decline and to prolong a self-determined, independent life. Neuropsychological testing is one key approach to establish an early diagnosis. Whereas more global cognitive abilities can be preserved until further progression of the disease, specific executive abilities such as dual-task or active inhibition processes decline very early. Our recently developed working memory paradigm, the Block Suppression Test (BST), requires an active inhibition of irrelevant stimuli and thus should differentiate between Alzheimer patients and controls in early disease stages more accurately than classical screening instruments.METHODS: In a pilot study we applied the BST, the MMSE, the clock drawing test, a digit-word transformation task as well as verbal and spatial memory span tasks to a group of 13 patients with Alzheimer's disease and 13 elderly controls and compared the instruments' capability to differentiate between patients and controls.RESULTS: The BST showed the highest sensitivity among all applied tests with a perfect differentiation of healthy subjects and patients. The patients' backward spans were significantly reduced, in the inhibition condition they showed disproportionally worse performances.CONCLUSIONS: Our results reveal a specific inhibition deficit in mild AD rather than a global working memory breakdown. The BST thus was superior for early diagnosis. However, these findings must be replicated in a larger sample to prove the BST's applicability for the early diagnostic assessment of AD and other dementias.
|
['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Alzheimer Disease', 'Early Diagnosis', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Inhibition, Psychological', 'Male', 'Mass Screening', 'Memory Disorders', 'Memory, Short-Term', 'Neuropsychological Tests', 'Pilot Projects']
| 17,621,381
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['C10.228.140.380.100', 'C10.574.945.249', 'F03.615.400.100'], ['E01.390'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.145.544', 'F02.463.425.475', 'F02.739.794.405'], ['E01.370.500', 'E05.318.308.980.438.580', 'N02.421.726.233.443', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.580', 'N06.850.780.500'], ['C10.597.606.525', 'C23.888.592.604.529', 'F01.700.625'], ['F02.463.425.540.407'], ['F04.711.513'], ['E05.318.372.750', 'E05.337.737', 'N05.715.360.330.720', 'N06.850.520.450.720']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
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