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Design, synthesis, and biological activities of novel azole-bonded â-hydroxypropyl oxime O-ethers.
|
The synthesis and biological effects of 15 novel azole-bonded â-hydroxypropyl oxime O-ethers have been described. In this synthesis, the oximation of aromatic ketones followed by an O-alkylation reaction with epichlorohydrin and/or epibromohydrin led to the corresponding O-oxime ether adducts. Subsequently, the attained O-oxime ether adducts were used to synthesize the target molecules after treating them with the appropriate azole derivatives. The in vitro antifungal and antibacterial activities of title compounds were obtained against several pathogenic fungi, Gram-positive and/or Gram-negative bacteria. Benzophenone O-2-hydroxy-3-(2-phenyl-1 H-imidazol-1-yl) propyl oxime and 9H-fluoren-9-one O-2-hydroxy-3-(2-phenyl-1 H-imidazol-1-yl)propyl oxime proved to have considerable antifungal activity against Candida albicans, Candida krusei, Aspergillus niger, and Trichophyton rubrum. These two compounds demonstrated comparable antifungal activity to clotrimazole and fluconazole (standard drugs). All compounds were also tested against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus as Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, respectively, and their activities were compared to gentamycin and ampicillin (reference drugs). In general, marginal antibacterial activity against tested bacteria was observed for the title compounds. A molecular docking study is also discussed for the two most potent compounds against fungi. The docking study reveals a considerable interaction between the two most potent compounds and the active site of Mycobacterium P450DM. Moreover, these two compounds are much strongly bound to the active site of Mycobacterium P450DM compared to fluconazole.
|
['Antifungal Agents', 'Azoles', 'Bacterial Proteins', 'Catalytic Domain', 'Drug Design', 'Ethers', 'Models, Molecular', 'Molecular Docking Simulation', 'Molecular Structure', 'Oximes', 'Structure-Activity Relationship']
| 25,081,563
|
[['D27.505.954.122.136'], ['D03.383.129'], ['D12.776.097'], ['G02.111.570.120.704', 'G02.111.570.820.709.275.750.188'], ['E05.290.500', 'H01.158.703.007.338.500', 'H01.181.466.338.500'], ['D02.355'], ['E05.599.595'], ['E05.599.595.249', 'L01.224.160.249'], ['G02.111.570', 'G02.466'], ['D02.092.570.665'], ['G02.111.830', 'G07.690.773.997']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
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ADAMTS1, CRABP1, and NR3C1 identified as epigenetically deregulated genes in colorectal tumorigenesis.
|
BACKGROUND: Gene silencing through CpG island hypermethylation is a major mechanism in cancer development. In the present study, we aimed to identify and validate novel target genes inactivated through promoter hypermethylation in colorectal tumor development.METHODS: With the use of microarrays, the gene expression profiles of colon cancer cell lines before and after treatment with the demethylating agent 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine were identified and compared. The expression of the responding genes was compared with microarray expression data of primary colorectal carcinomas. Four of these down-regulated genes were subjected to methylation-specific PCR, bisulphite sequencing, and quantitative gene expression analysis using tumors (n=198), normal tissues (n=44), and cell lines (n=30).RESULTS: Twenty-one genes with a CpG island in their promoter responded to treatment in cell lines, and were simultaneously down-regulated in primary colorectal carcinomas. Among 20 colon cancer cell lines, hypermethylation was subsequently identified for three of four analyzed genes, ADAMTS1 (85%), CRABP1 (90%), and NR3C1 (35%). For the latter two genes, hypermethylation was significantly associated with absence or reduced gene expression. The methylation status of ADAMTS1, CRABP1, and NR3C1 was further investigated in 116 colorectal carcinomas and adenomas. Twenty-three of 63 (37%), 7/60 (12%), and 2/63 (3%) adenomas, as well as 37/52 (71%), 25/51 (49%), and 13/51 (25%) carcinomas were hypermethylated for the respective genes. These genes were unmethylated in tumors (n=82) from three other organs, prostate, testis, and kidney. Finally, analysis of normal colorectal mucosa demonstrated that the observed promoter hypermethylation was cancer-specific.CONCLUSION: By using a refined microarray screening approach we present three genes with cancer-specific hypermethylation in colorectal tumors, ADAMTS1, CRABP1, and NR3C1.
|
['ADAM Proteins', 'ADAMTS1 Protein', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Colorectal Neoplasms', 'CpG Islands', 'DNA Methylation', 'Epigenesis, Genetic', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic', 'Genes, Neoplasm', 'Humans', 'Microarray Analysis', 'Promoter Regions, Genetic', 'Receptors, Glucocorticoid', 'Receptors, Retinoic Acid', 'Sequence Analysis, DNA', 'Tumor Cells, Cultured']
| 17,167,179
|
[['D08.811.277.656.675.374.102', 'D09.400.430.500', 'D12.776.395.033'], ['D08.811.277.656.675.374.102.500.500', 'D09.400.430.500.500.500', 'D12.776.395.033.500.500', 'D12.776.860.300.085.500'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['C04.588.274.476.411.307', 'C06.301.371.411.307', 'C06.405.249.411.307', 'C06.405.469.158.356', 'C06.405.469.491.307', 'C06.405.469.860.180'], ['G02.111.570.080.380.160', 'G05.360.080.380.160', 'G05.360.340.024.159'], ['G02.111.035.538.161', 'G02.111.218', 'G03.059.538.161', 'G05.206'], ['G05.308.203'], ['G05.308.370'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.375'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.588.570'], ['G02.111.570.080.689.675', 'G05.360.080.689.675', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.750.680'], ['D12.776.826.750.430'], ['D12.776.826.701', 'D12.776.930.775'], ['E05.393.760.700'], ['A11.251.860']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
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|
[Rat ovarian function after post or prenatal injection of clomiphen].
|
If newborn rats are subcutaneously injected with 0,075--0,100 mg of Clomiphene Citrate within the first 5 days, it results that 73.7% of the females remain anovulatory. The percentage rises to 100 if 0,125--0,400 mg are given in several injections. The identical treatment has no influence on the testicular function. Prenatal administration to pregnant rats (total amount 0,250--2,70 mg in repeated subcutaneous injections) interrupts the pregnancy in a high percentage, but has no effect on the later gonadal function of the foetuses. Equally ineffective is the prenatal intra-amniotic injection of clomiphene (0,125--0,250 mg into each amniotic cavity). In this respect the action of Clomiphene differs from the action of testosterone and also of estradiol, as these two hormones produce the identical effect after intra-amniotic as after postnatal administration i.e. they are effective if passage through the placenta is avoided. Clomiphene, postnatally effective, loses its effectiveness when intra-amniotically injected, although the placenta is eluded. An inactivating action of the amnion fluid could be the explanation of this phenomenon.
|
['Abortion, Veterinary', 'Abscess', 'Amnion', 'Animals', 'Animals, Newborn', 'Clomiphene', 'Female', 'Fetal Resorption', 'Injections, Subcutaneous', 'Male', 'Ovarian Diseases', 'Pregnancy', 'Rats']
| 1,227,833
|
[['C13.703.039.422', 'C22.021'], ['C01.830.025', 'C23.550.470.756.100'], ['A10.615.284.277', 'A16.254.750.277'], ['B01.050'], ['B01.050.050.282'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.150.700.125'], ['C13.703.223.300', 'C23.550.260.585.260'], ['E02.319.267.530.620'], ['C13.351.500.056.630', 'C19.391.630'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Glycyrrhetinic acid prevents acetaminophen-induced acute liver injury via the inhibition of CYP2E1 expression and HMGB1-TLR4 signal activation in mice.
|
Acetaminophen (APAP) is a widely used antipyretic and analgesic drug, which is safe and effective at the therapeutic dose. Unfortunately, excessive dosage of APAP could cause severe liver injury due to lack of effective therapy. Successful therapeutic strategies are urgently requested in clinic. Glycyrrhetinic acid (GA), derived from a traditional medicine licorice, has been shown to exert anti-inflammatory and antioxidant actions. In this study, the effect and the underlying mechanism of GA on APAP-induced hepatotoxicity were explored. Our results showed that pretreatment with GA significantly reduced serum ALT and AST activities, alleviated hepatic pathological damages with hepatocellular apoptosis, down-regulated expression of CYP2E1 mRNA and protein, increased GSH levels, and reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) productions in the liver of APAP-exposed mice. Furthermore, GA obviously inhibited APAP-induced HMGB1-TLR4 signal activation, as evaluated by reduced hepatic HMGB1 release, p-IRAK1, p-MAPK and p-IêB expression as well as the productions of TNF-á and IL-1â. In addition, GA attenuated hepatic neutrophils recruitment and macrophages infiltration caused by APAP. These findings reflected that GA could alleviate APAP-induced hepatotoxicity, the possible mechanism is associated with down-regulation of CYP2E1 expression and deactivation of HMGB1-TLR4 signal pathway.
|
['Acetaminophen', 'Animals', 'Anti-Inflammatory Agents', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury', 'Cytochrome P-450 CYP2E1', 'Down-Regulation', 'Glycyrrhetinic Acid', 'Glycyrrhiza', 'HMGB1 Protein', 'Hepatocytes', 'Humans', 'Interleukin-1beta', 'Liver', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred BALB C', 'Signal Transduction', 'Toll-Like Receptor 4', 'Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha']
| 28,668,488
|
[['D02.065.199.092.040', 'D02.092.146.113.092.040'], ['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.158'], ['A11.251'], ['C06.552.100', 'C25.100.562', 'C25.723.260'], ['D08.244.453.491.375', 'D08.811.682.662.582.338', 'D08.811.682.690.708.170.450.375', 'D12.776.422.220.453.491.375'], ['G02.111.240', 'G05.308.200', 'G07.690.773.937'], ['D02.455.849.919.530.444'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.401.300'], ['D12.776.260.356.300', 'D12.776.660.235.400.600.300', 'D12.776.664.235.400.600.300'], ['A11.436.348'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.010.600', 'D12.644.276.374.500.400.600', 'D12.776.467.374.465.010.600', 'D12.776.467.374.500.400.600', 'D23.529.374.465.131.600', 'D23.529.374.500.400.600'], ['A03.620'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.338', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.338'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.910.500.400'], ['D12.644.276.374.500.800', 'D12.644.276.374.750.626', 'D12.776.124.900', 'D12.776.395.930', 'D12.776.467.374.500.800', 'D12.776.467.374.750.626', 'D23.529.374.500.800', 'D23.529.374.750.626']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
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| 0
|
In vitro transport of carbon in the trachea of veal calves.
|
Carbon transport was studied in vitro in preparations of trachea and bronchus from veal calves. The mean velocity varied from 4.2 mm/min in the main bronchi to 6.3 mm/min in the ventral trachea. In some locations no transport was observed. Stereomicroscopic evaluation of Alcian blue-phloxine stained mucosal surfaces revealed differences in the appearance of the mucus layer between locations with and without mucus transport. It is concluded that quality and integrity of the mucus layer play an important role in mucus transport.
|
['Age Factors', 'Animals', 'Bronchi', 'Carbon', 'Cattle', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Mucociliary Clearance', 'Mucous Membrane', 'Trachea']
| 8,009,822
|
[['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['B01.050'], ['A04.411.125'], ['D01.268.150'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['E05.481'], ['E01.370.386.520', 'G09.772.555'], ['A10.615.550'], ['A04.889']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Impact of ocean acidification on the early development and escape behavior of marine medaka (Oryzias melastigma).
|
Ocean acidification is predicted to affect a wide diversity of marine organisms. However, no studies have reported the effects of ocean acidification on Indian Ocean fish. We have used the Indian Ocean medaka (Oryzias melastigma) as a model species for a marine fish that lives in coastal waters. We investigated the impact of ocean acidification on the embryonic development and the stereotyped escape behavior (mediated by the Mauthner cell) in newly hatched larvae. Newly fertilized eggs of medaka were reared in seawater at three different partial pressures of carbon dioxide (pCO2): control at 450 ìatm, moderate at 1160 ìatm, and high at 1783 ìatm. Hatch rates, embryonic duration, and larval malformation rates were compared and were not significantly different between the treatments and the control. In the high pCO2 group, however, the yolks of larvae were significantly smaller than in the control group, and the newly hatched larvae were significantly longer than the larvae in the control. In the moderate pCO2 group, the eye distance decreased significantly. No significantly negative growth effects were observed in the larvae when exposed to pCO2 levels that are predicted as a result of ocean acidification in the next 100-200 years. Larvae reared under control conditions readily produced C-start escape behavior to mechanosensory stimuli; however, in the moderate and high pCO2 experimental groups, the probabilities of C-start were significantly lower than those of the control group. Therefore, the sensory integration needed for the C-start escape behavior appears to be vulnerable to ocean acidification. Altered behavior in marine larval fish, particularly behaviors involved in escape from predation, could have potentially negative implications to fish populations, and, further, to the marine ecosystems at the levels of CO2 projected for the future.
|
['Animals', 'Behavior, Animal', 'Carbon Dioxide', 'Environmental Monitoring', 'Global Warming', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Indian Ocean', 'Larva', 'Oryzias', 'Seawater']
| 28,923,289
|
[['B01.050'], ['F01.145.113'], ['D01.200.200', 'D01.362.150', 'D01.650.550.200'], ['N06.850.460.350.080', 'N06.850.780.375'], ['G16.500.175.374.500'], ['G02.300'], ['Z01.756.342'], ['B05.500.500', 'G07.345.500.550.500.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.493.850.139.650'], ['G16.500.275.725.500']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
The effect of a specific histidine-rich glycoprotein polymorphism on male infertility and semen parameters.
|
In women, there is evidence that a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the histidine-rich glycoprotein (HRG) named HRG C633T is relevant for a number of fertility outcomes including recurrent miscarriage, ovarian response and pregnancy outcome after IVF. This case-control study was designed to investigate whether the HRG C633T SNP is important for male infertility and pregnancy rate following IVF. Cases were 139 infertile couples and controls were 196 pregnant couples. The 335 couples all contributed with one blood sample per partner. Genomic DNA was extracted and genotyping was performed using a TaqMan® SNP Genotyping Assay. Information on pregnancy rate and semen parameters was derived from medical records. Infertile couples in which the male partner was a homozygous carrier of the HRG C633T SNP had significantly lower (P < 0.01) pregnancy rate following IVF in comparison with couples where the male partner was a heterozygous HRG C633T SNP carrier. Male homozygous HRG 633T SNP carriers had overall lower total sperm count, sperm concentration, motility score and yield after preparation. In conclusion, once infertility is established the HRG C633T SNP seems to be important for male infertility and pregnancy rate following IVF.
|
['Abortion, Habitual', 'Adult', 'Alleles', 'Female', 'Fertilization in Vitro', 'Genotype', 'Homozygote', 'Humans', 'Infertility, Male', 'Male', 'Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide', 'Pregnancy', 'Pregnancy Outcome', 'Pregnancy Rate', 'Proteins', 'Semen', 'Sperm Count']
| 27,210,772
|
[['C13.703.039.089'], ['M01.060.116'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.030'], ['E02.875.800.750', 'E05.820.800.750'], ['G05.380'], ['G05.380.554'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C12.294.365.700'], ['G05.365.795.598'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['E01.789.700', 'G08.686.784.769.496'], ['E05.318.308.985.775', 'G08.686.705', 'N01.224.935.849', 'N06.850.505.400.975.775', 'N06.850.520.308.985.775'], ['D12.776'], ['A12.200.732'], ['E01.370.225.500.195.870', 'E01.370.225.992.624', 'E05.200.500.195.870', 'E05.200.992.624', 'E05.242.195.870', 'G04.140.870']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
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| 0
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| 1
| 1
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|
Intracellular differentiation of Leishmania amazonensis promastigotes to amastigotes: presence of megasomes, cysteine proteinase activity and susceptibility to leucine-methyl ester.
|
Intracellular differentiation of Leishmania promastigotes to amastigotes is a critical step in the establishment of infection. In this report three related features of mexicana subspecies amastigotes were used to follow the differentiation of the parasites within macrophages. Early after infection, (a) parasites did not contain ultrastructurally recognizable megasomes, (b) cysteine proteinase activity of parasite lysates was not detected in gelatin-containing acrylamide gels, and (c) parasites were essentially resistant to L-leucine-methyl ester (Leu-OMe). Typical megasomes were first identified on the 5th day, were more prevalent on day 7, and underwent swelling in macrophages exposed to Leu-OMe. Cysteine proteinase activity was first detected on day 3 and increased thereafter. Susceptibility to Leu-OMe of parasites studied in situ or isolated from infected macrophages increased with time of intracellular residence and by 7 days approached that of amastigotes isolated from mouse lesions. In contrast, parasites derived from either promastigotes or amastigotes were equally susceptible to another leishmanicidal compound, tryptophanamide (Trp-NH2). The results provide additional support for the involvement of megasomes and their cysteine proteinases in parasite killing by Leu-OMe, and highlight the slow pace of the intracellular differentiation of L. amazonensis promastigotes to amastigotes.
|
['Animals', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Cysteine Endopeptidases', 'Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel', 'Female', 'Leishmania', 'Leishmaniasis', 'Leucine', 'Macrophages', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred BALB C', 'Microscopy, Electron']
| 2,235,078
|
[['B01.050'], ['A11.251'], ['D08.811.277.656.262.500', 'D08.811.277.656.300.200'], ['E05.196.401.402', 'E05.301.300.319'], ['B01.268.475.868.488'], ['C01.610.752.300.500', 'C01.610.858.560', 'C01.920.813', 'C17.800.838.775.560'], ['D12.125.070.637', 'D12.125.142.441'], ['A11.329.372', 'A11.627.482', 'A11.733.397', 'A15.382.670.522', 'A15.382.680.397'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.338', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.338'], ['E01.370.350.515.402', 'E05.595.402']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[The new combined antituberculous drug: the original combined antituberculous drug dioxazid].
|
The new combined antituberculous drug dioxazid was designed on the basis on the synergism of isoniazid and dioxidine. The dosage form of the drug is a lyophilized powder (containing dioxidine, 100 mg, and isoniazid, 250 mg) in flasks. Its activity and toxicity were tested in an experiment on laboratory animals. Clinical studies were conducted in the treatment of patients with tuberculous empyema (n = 25) and those with endobronchial pathology of tuberculosis and comorbid genesis (n = 30). Dioxazid was ascertained to show a good efficacy. At the same time, the doses of this combined drug, recommended for the treatment of tuberculosis, are much smaller than those of both that are components of the combination, which are used alone. The side effects characteristic for each component are not potentiated when isoniazid and dioxidine are concurrently used in the developed dosage form.
|
['Animals', 'Antitubercular Agents', 'Drug Combinations', 'Female', 'Isoniazid', 'Male', 'Mycobacterium tuberculosis', 'Quinoxalines', 'Rats', 'Tuberculosis, Pulmonary']
| 17,500,222
|
[['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.122.085.255'], ['D26.310'], ['D02.442.436', 'D03.066.349.410', 'D03.383.725.394.582'], ['B03.510.024.962.500.702', 'B03.510.460.400.410.552.552.702'], ['D03.633.100.857'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['C01.150.252.410.040.552.846.899', 'C01.748.939', 'C08.381.922', 'C08.730.939']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Three-dimensional virtual model of the human temporal bone: a stand-alone, downloadable teaching tool.
|
OBJECTIVE: To develop a three-dimensional virtual model of a human temporal bone based on serial histologic sections.BACKGROUND: The three-dimensional anatomy of the human temporal bone is complex, and learning it is a challenge for students in basic science and in clinical medicine.METHODS: Every fifth histologic section from a normal 14-year-old male was digitized and imported into a general purpose three-dimensional rendering and analysis software package called Amira (version 3.1). The sections were aligned, and anatomic structures of interest were segmented.RESULTS: The three-dimensional model is a surface rendering of these structures of interest, which currently includes the bone and air spaces of the temporal bone; the perilymph and endolymph spaces; the sensory epithelia of the cochlear and vestibular labyrinths; the ossicles and tympanic membrane; the middle ear muscles; the carotid artery; and the cochlear, vestibular, and facial nerves. For each structure, the surface transparency can be individually controlled, thereby revealing the three-dimensional relations between surface landmarks and underlying structures. The three-dimensional surface model can also be "sliced open" at any section and the appropriate raw histologic image superimposed on the cleavage plane. The image stack can also be resectioned in any arbitrary plane.CONCLUSION: This model is a powerful teaching tool for learning the complex anatomy of the human temporal bone and for relating the two-dimensional morphology seen in a histologic section to the three-dimensional anatomy. The model can be downloaded from the Eaton-Peabody Laboratory web site, packaged within a cross-platform freeware three-dimensional viewer, which allows full rotation and transparency control.
|
['Adolescent', 'Anatomy, Cross-Sectional', 'Cochlea', 'Ear Canal', 'Ear, Middle', 'Humans', 'Image Processing, Computer-Assisted', 'Imaging, Three-Dimensional', 'Male', 'Models, Anatomic', 'Teaching', 'Temporal Bone', 'Tympanic Membrane', 'Vestibule, Labyrinth']
| 16,791,035
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['H01.158.100.185'], ['A09.246.300.246'], ['A09.246.272.396'], ['A09.246.397'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.224.308'], ['E01.370.350.400', 'L01.224.308.410'], ['J01.897.280.500.545.129', 'L01.178.820.090.545.129'], ['I02.903'], ['A02.835.232.781.885'], ['A09.246.272.702'], ['A09.246.300.909']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
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| 0
|
Age-related neurochemical and behavioural changes in D409V/WT GBA1 mouse: Relevance to lewy body dementia.
|
Heterozygous mutations in GBA1, the gene which encodes the lysosomal enzyme glucocerebrosidase (GCase), are a strong genetic risk factor for the development of Lewy body dementia (LBD). Until this point however, recapitulation of the symptoms and pathology of LBD has been limited to a homozygous GBA1 mouse model which genetically and enzymatically reflects the lysosomal storage disorder Gaucher's disease. This study reports for the first time cognitive impairment by two independent behavioural tests in heterozygous GBA1 mutant mice (D409V/WT) which demonstrate significant cognitive impairment by the age of 12 months. Furthermore, reductions in GBA1 GCase enzyme activity within the brain reflects levels seen in sporadic and GBA1 mutant LBD patients. While there is no overt deposition of Lewy bodies within the hippocampus, alterations to cholinergic machinery and glial proliferation are evident, both pathological features of LBD. Interestingly, we also describe the novel finding of significantly reduced GBA2 GCase enzyme activity specifically within the hippocampus. This suggests that reduced GBA1 GCase enzyme activity dis-equilibrates the finely balanced glycosphingolipid metabolism pathway and that reductions in GBA2 GCase enzyme could contribute to the pathological and behavioural effects seen. Overall, this study presents evidence to suggest that pathological hallmarks associated with LBD specifically affecting brain regions intrinsically linked with cognition are present in the D409V/WT mice. In the absence of Lewy body deposition, the D409V/WT mice could be considered an early pre-clinical model of LBD with potential for drug discovery. Since few robust pre-clinical models of LBD currently exist, with further characterization, the mouse model described here may contribute significantly to developments in the LBD field.
|
['Animals', 'Cerebral Cortex', 'Cognition Disorders', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Exploratory Behavior', 'Gliosis', 'Glucosylceramidase', 'Glucosylceramides', 'Glycosphingolipids', 'Heterozygote', 'Hippocampus', 'Lewy Body Disease', 'Lysosomes', 'Male', 'Maze Learning', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Mutation, Missense', 'Rotarod Performance Test', 'Vesicular Acetylcholine Transport Proteins', 'beta-Glucosidase']
| 31,299,418
|
[['B01.050'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500'], ['F03.615.250'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['F01.145.387', 'F01.658.370'], ['C23.550.369'], ['D08.811.277.450.420.412'], ['D02.065.313.250.490', 'D09.400.410.420.525.200.250.490', 'D10.390.470.675.200.250.490', 'D10.570.877.360.612.200.250.490'], ['D09.400.410.420', 'D10.390.470', 'D10.570.877.360'], ['G05.380.383'], ['A08.186.211.180.405', 'A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.345'], ['C10.228.140.079.862.400', 'C10.228.140.380.422', 'C10.228.662.600.200', 'C10.574.928.500', 'F03.615.400.512'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.190.550'], ['F02.463.425.874.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['G05.365.590.650'], ['E05.017.449'], ['D12.776.157.530.450.162.887.500.249', 'D12.776.157.530.562.750.500.249', 'D12.776.543.585.450.162.887.500.249', 'D12.776.543.585.562.750.500.249'], ['D08.811.277.450.420.200.100']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Dissolution kinetics of paracetamol single crystals.
|
The dissolution anisotropy of paracetamol crystals grown in the presence and absence of the molecularly similar additive, p-acetoxyacetanilide (PAA) was studied under controlled conditions using a single crystal dissolution method in undersaturated aqueous solutions. Linear dissolution rates were determined for all the major habit faces by measuring their movement (regression) with time in a flow cell using a microscope. The rates of dissolution of particular faces of the pure material were distinctly different in crystals of different morphology grown at different supersaturations. The dissolution rates of [001] and [110] faces of crystals grown in the presence of PAA (6.02% w/w in solution) are higher than those of pure paracetamol. The results correlate with the distribution of strain in the crystal and support the concept that integral strain increases the solubility and hence the dissolution rate of the material. The mechanism of the dissolution process at the [001], [201;] and [110] faces was defined using optical microscopy and X-ray topography. At all undersaturations above 1% the dissolution studies yielded well developed, structurally oriented, etch pits on both [001] and [201;] faces while on the [110] face rough shallow etch pits were observed. On all three faces, this etch-pitting was considerably more widespread than the dislocation content of the sector and probably reflects a 2-dimensional nucleation process rather than a dislocation controlled mechanism.
|
['Acetaminophen', 'Crystallization', 'Kinetics', 'Solubility', 'Tomography, X-Ray']
| 11,996,808
|
[['D02.065.199.092.040', 'D02.092.146.113.092.040'], ['E05.196.300', 'G02.171'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['G02.805'], ['E01.370.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Effect of pregnancy and sex steroids on alpha 1-adrenoceptor mechanisms in the guinea-pig uterine vascular bed.
|
Adrenoceptor mechanisms in the extrinsic uterine arteries from late pregnant guinea-pigs were characterized pharmacologically and compared with contractile responses of uterine arteries from non-pregnant and oophorectomized control, progesterone and oestrogen treated animals. Pregnancy caused an increase in diameter of the arteries, more pronounced the more distal they were. There was no change in potassium-evoked maximum contractions during pregnancy. Noradrenaline (10 nM to 1 mM), in the presence of cocaine (1 microM) and propranolol (0.1 microM), induced concentration-dependent contractions of the arterial segments, with approximately similar pD2 values. The maximum responses (Emax) were significantly increased during pregnancy and hormone supplementation. Prazosin (10 nM to 1 microM), but not rauwolscine (10 nM to 1 microM), antagonized noradrenaline-evoked contractions of the arteries. Isoprenaline (10 nM to 1 microM), in the presence of prazosin (0.1 microM) and cocaine (1 microM), had no relaxant effect on arteries contracted submaximally by prostaglandin F2a (5 microM). Neither cocaine nor normetanephrine modified noradrenaline-evoked contractions of the uterine artery. The results indicate that guinea-pig uterine vasoconstriction is mediated by alpha 1-adrenoceptors while relaxant beta-adrenoceptor effects, neuronal and extraneuronal uptake mechanisms are of minor importance. The observed increase in Emax may be due either to an increase in the number of alpha 1-adrenoceptors or to an enhanced pharmaco-mechanical coupling, which conceivably is regulated by sex steroids since this response was reproduced in castrated animals by hormone supplementation.
|
['Animals', 'Cocaine', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Female', 'Gonadal Steroid Hormones', 'Guinea Pigs', 'Isoproterenol', 'Norepinephrine', 'Normetanephrine', 'Potassium', 'Prazosin', 'Pregnancy', 'Pregnancy, Animal', 'Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha', 'Uterine Contraction', 'Uterus', 'Yohimbine']
| 2,853,340
|
[['B01.050'], ['D02.145.074.722.388', 'D03.132.889.354', 'D03.605.084.500.722.388', 'D03.605.869.388'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['D06.472.334.851'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.550'], ['D02.033.100.291.439', 'D02.092.063.291.439', 'D02.092.311.649', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.175.649'], ['D02.033.100.291.502', 'D02.092.063.480', 'D02.092.211.215.746', 'D02.092.311.830', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.175.830'], ['D02.033.100.291.502.651', 'D02.092.063.480.651', 'D02.092.211.215.746.651', 'D02.092.311.830.700', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.175.830.700', 'D23.101.140.540'], ['D01.268.549.550', 'D01.268.557.575', 'D01.552.528.652', 'D01.552.547.650'], ['D03.633.100.786.750'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['G08.686.784.769.498'], ['D12.776.543.750.670.300.300.300', 'D12.776.543.750.695.150.300.300', 'D12.776.543.750.720.330.300.300'], ['G08.686.784.769.326.700', 'G11.427.494.890'], ['A05.360.319.679'], ['D03.132.436.681.933', 'D03.633.100.473.402.681.933', 'D03.633.100.496.500.500.681.933']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Cathepsin A activity in primary and metastatic human melanocytic tumors.
|
Several lysosomal proteases including cathepsins B, D, H and L have been found to play a role in the metastasis of tumor cells. However, up to now no information on the role of cathepsin A, a lysosomal multifunctional peptidase, in the proliferative, invasive, and metastatic potential of malignant tumors has been available. In the present study we compared the activity of cathepsin A in lysates of 34 human melanocytic tumors: primary (n = 12) and metastatic (n = 5) malignant melanoma, dysplastic pigmented nevi (n = 6) and pigmented nevi without evidence of dysplastic melanocytes (n = 11). The carboxypeptidase activity of cathepsin A was assayed at pH 5.0 with its specific substrate Cbz-Phe-Ala. The amount of released C-terminal alanine was measured by the ninhydrin method. We found that lysates of primary malignant melanoma lesions exhibited significantly higher cathepsin A activity than lysates of dysplastic and normal pigmented nevi. The cathepsin A activity in lysates of metastatic lesions of malignant melanoma was significantly higher than in primary focus lysates. It seems that cathepsin A may play a role in malignant transformation and metastatic dissemination of malignant melanoma.
|
['Carboxypeptidases', 'Cathepsin A', 'Humans', 'Melanoma']
| 10,749,558
|
[['D08.811.277.656.350.245'], ['D08.811.277.656.224.062', 'D08.811.277.656.350.245.260', 'D08.811.277.656.959.200'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.557.465.625.650.510', 'C04.557.580.625.650.510', 'C04.557.665.510']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Individualized developmental care for very-low-birth-weight premature infants.
|
Forty very-low-birth-weight neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) infants with birth weights < or = 1,250 g were randomly assigned to treatment or control groups. Behavior of the treatment infants was systematically evaluated, and individualized developmentally oriented care plans were implemented to enhance stability. Treatment babies required fewer days of intermittent mandatory ventilation and continuous positive airway pressure and achieved full enteral feedings sooner. Length of hospital stay and hospital charges were less for treatment than control infants. There were favorable effects on treatment infants' behavioral performance at 42 weeks' postconceptional age. These results support the hypothesis that behaviorally sensitive, developmentally oriented care improves medical and neurodevelopmental outcome in the NICU.
|
['Hospital Charges', 'Humans', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Infant, Premature', 'Infant, Very Low Birth Weight', 'Intensive Care, Neonatal', 'Length of Stay', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 8,591,679
|
[['N03.219.262.300', 'N03.219.442.613'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['M01.060.703.520.520'], ['M01.060.703.520.460.600'], ['E02.760.190.405', 'N02.421.585.190.500'], ['E02.760.400.480', 'N02.421.585.400.480'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Switching of á-Catenin From Epithelial to Neuronal Type During Lens Epithelial Cell Differentiation.
|
Purpose: Ocular lens fiber cell elongation, differentiation, and compaction are associated with extensive reorganization of cell adhesive interactions and cytoskeleton; however, our knowledge of proteins critical to these events is still evolving. This study characterizes the distribution pattern of neuronal-specific á-catenin (áN-catenin) and its interaction with the N-cadherin-associated adherens junctions (AJs) and their stability in the mouse lens fibers.Methods: Expression and distribution of áN-catenin in developing mouse and adult human lenses was determined by RT-PCR, immunoblot, and immunofluorescence analyses. Characterization of áN-catenin and N-cadherin interacting proteins and colocalization analyses were performed using immunoprecipitation, mass spectrometry, and confocal imaging. Effects of periaxin deficiency on the stability of lens fiber cell AJs were evaluated using perixin-null mice.Results: áN-catenin exhibits discrete distribution to lens fibers in both mouse and human lenses, undergoing a robust up-regulation during fiber cell differentiation and maturation. Epithelial-specific á-catenin (áE-catenin), in contrast, distributes primarily to the lens epithelium. áN-catenin and N-cadherin reciprocally coimmunoprecipitate and colocalize along with â-catenin, actin, spectrin, vinculin, Armadillo repeat protein deleted in velo-cardio-facial syndrome homolog, periaxin, and ankyrin-B in lens fibers. Fiber cells from periaxin-null mouse lenses revealed disrupted N-cadherin/áN-catenin-based AJs.Conclusions: These results suggest that the discrete shift in á-catenin expression from áE-catenin to áN-catenin subtype that occurs during lens epithelial cell differentiation may play a key role in fiber cell cytoarchitecture by regulating the assembly and stability of N-cadherin-based AJs. This study also provides evidence for the importance of the fiber cell-specific cytoskeletal interacting periaxin, in the stability of N-cadherin/áN-catenin-based AJs in lens fibers.
|
['Animals', 'Catenins', 'Cell Differentiation', 'Epithelial Cells', 'Humans', 'Immunoblotting', 'Lens, Crystalline', 'Mass Spectrometry', 'Membrane Proteins', 'Mice', 'Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction']
| 28,692,740
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.776.220.145'], ['G04.152'], ['A11.436'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.478.566.320', 'E05.601.470.320'], ['A09.371.060.500'], ['E05.196.566'], ['D12.776.543'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['E05.393.620.500.725']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Thymic carcinoma with primary spine metastasis.
|
Thymic carcinomas (TC) are rare tumors, representing 0.2% to 1.5% of all malignancies, with extrathoracic metastases to liver, kidney and bone occurring in 1% to 15% of patients. Although TC exhibit highly aggressive biological behavior, spinal metastasis with cord compression is rare. We describe a 57-year-old man with a 2-month history of cervicodorsal pain diagnosed with TC with primary spinal metastasis. We conclude that TC should be considered in the differential diagnosis in patients who have developed spine metastatic tumors. Early detection and appropriate surgical treatment can lead to preservation of spinal stability and neurologic improvement.
|
['Humans', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Spinal Cord Compression', 'Spinal Neoplasms', 'Thymoma', 'Thymus Neoplasms']
| 21,435,886
|
[['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C10.228.854.761', 'C26.819.678'], ['C04.588.149.828', 'C05.116.231.828', 'C05.116.900.801'], ['C04.557.435.850', 'C04.588.894.949.500', 'C15.604.861.800'], ['C04.588.894.949', 'C15.604.861']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Sexually transmitted diseases in women--something can be done!
|
Women with sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are largely asymptomatic, and even in the presence of symptoms are frequently misdiagnosed. The "stigma of VD" perpetuates this problem, such that both patient and physician are too embarrassed to suggest appropriate STD diagnostic tests. Imperatives for the reduction of STDs include increasing federal appropriations for STD control, improving STD training for health professionals, openly advertising condoms, and equipping clinical facilities likely to see women harboring STDs with the means to diagnose and treat. The development of serologic tests and vaccines against gonorrhea, chlamydia and herpes is an additional objective that would benefit women. A multifaceted approach combining the efforts of women's groups, family physicians, gynecologists, nurse practitioners and public health educators will be required to effectively handle the problem of STDs in women.
|
['Advertising', 'Chlamydia Infections', 'Education, Medical, Continuing', 'Female', 'Financing, Government', 'Gonorrhea', 'Herpes Simplex', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Mass Screening', 'Sexually Transmitted Diseases', 'United States']
| 6,894,271
|
[['J01.219.687.274', 'L01.143.050'], ['C01.150.252.400.210.125', 'C01.150.252.734.301', 'C01.221.812.281.301', 'C01.778.281.301', 'C12.294.668.281.301', 'C13.351.500.711.281.301'], ['I02.358.212.350', 'I02.358.399.250'], ['N03.219.521.346'], ['C01.150.252.400.625.275', 'C01.150.252.734.401', 'C01.221.812.281.401', 'C01.778.281.401', 'C12.294.668.281.401', 'C13.351.500.711.281.401'], ['C01.925.256.466.382', 'C01.925.825.320', 'C17.800.838.790.320'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.500', 'E05.318.308.980.438.580', 'N02.421.726.233.443', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.580', 'N06.850.780.500'], ['C01.221.812', 'C01.778', 'C12.294.668', 'C13.351.500.711', 'C23.550.291.531.937'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]
|
['Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Stress sources in nursing practice. Evolution during nursing training.
|
A cohort study was carried out in order to evaluate the evolution of nursing students' perception of stressors associated with clinical practice. Sixty-nine students answered the KEZKAK questionnaire about nursing stressors [Zupiria X., Uranga M.J., Alberdi, M.J., Barandiaran, M., 2003b. Kezkak: cuestionario biling?e de estresores de los estudiantes de enfermer?a en las pr?cticas cl?nicas. Gac. Sanit. 17 (1), 37-51.] at four stages of their studies. The most powerful stressors identified by students both at the beginning and at the end of their studies were: lack of competence, uncertainty and impotence, being harmed by the relationship with patients, emotional involvement, lack of control in relationships with patients, contact with suffering, relationships with tutors and companions, and overload. Nevertheless, most of the stressors were found to lose stressor power during the course of nursing training. The evolution of the perception of stressor power and its implications for nurse training are discussed, and some recommendations based on our findings are provided.
|
['Adult', 'Attitude of Health Personnel', 'Burnout, Professional', 'Clinical Competence', 'Education, Nursing, Baccalaureate', 'Emotions', 'Empathy', 'Female', 'Health Services Needs and Demand', 'Humans', 'Internal-External Control', 'Male', 'Nurse-Patient Relations', 'Nursing Education Research', 'Nursing Methodology Research', 'Power, Psychological', 'Professional Autonomy', 'Prospective Studies', 'Risk Factors', 'Self Efficacy', 'Spain', 'Students, Nursing', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Uncertainty']
| 17,187,905
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['F01.100.050', 'N05.300.100'], ['C24.580.500', 'F01.145.126.990.367.500', 'F02.830.900.333.500'], ['I02.399.630.210', 'N04.761.210', 'N05.715.175'], ['I02.358.462.316'], ['F01.470'], ['F01.752.355', 'F01.752.543.500.500'], ['N03.349.380.420', 'N05.300.450'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.829.379'], ['F01.829.401.650.600', 'N05.300.660.560'], ['H01.770.644.145.390.413', 'H02.478.395.413', 'I02.358.462.612', 'N04.590.233.508.613.413'], ['H01.770.644.145.390.634', 'H02.478.395.634', 'N04.590.233.508.613.634'], ['F01.658.780'], ['N04.452.758.752'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['F01.752.747.792.700'], ['Z01.542.846'], ['M01.848.769.685'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['E05.318.740.600.900', 'F02.463.785.373.820', 'G17.680.875', 'N05.715.360.750.625.850', 'N06.850.520.830.600.900']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Training: an integral adjunct to the introduction of newer methods of fertility regulation.
|
The provision of new technologies of fertility control that are known to be safer, simpler, and more effective may at first result in higher complication rates, particularly if training in the new techniques is inadequate. This was illustrated by analysis of data on several fertility control methods collected by the International Fertility Research Program. Various studies showed significantly higher complication rates earlier in the series than later, including one study in which complication rates fell dramatically after clinical training was provided. Another study showed the highest complication rate among the physicians performing the fewer number of cases. Finally, one analysis documented greater variability in several clinical criteria among the participating physicians than between the two pieces of equipment being compared. These data document that it is essential to train physicians and other staff members in the proper use of new equipment and techniques if the potential improvements offered by new technologies in fertility regulation are to be realized.
|
['Allied Health Personnel', 'Contraception', 'Education, Medical, Continuing', 'Humans', 'Internship and Residency']
| 25,802
|
[['M01.526.485.067', 'N02.360.067'], ['E02.875.194'], ['I02.358.212.350', 'I02.358.399.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['I02.358.337.350.500', 'I02.358.399.350.750']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
EMG biofeedback in stroke: effect of patient characteristics.
|
Forty-eight upper and 44 lower extremities of 52 stroke patients were treated using a clinical emg biofeedback training approach. The age, sex, hemiparetic side, duration of stroke or previous rehabilitation, and number of biofeedback training sessions had no significant relationship to treatment outcomes. Lower extremities responded more favorably to training than upper extremities, and the prospects for successful treatments in the upper limb were further diminished when proprioceptive impairments were present. Possible explanations for the poorer responsiveness of the upper extremity to emg biofeedback training are provided, the importance of a motivational element is stressed, and a suggestion is offered for the direction of future work designed to predict the value in applying this modality.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aphasia', 'Arm', 'Biofeedback, Psychology', 'Cerebrovascular Disorders', 'Electromyography', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Leg', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care', 'Proprioception']
| 485,806
|
[]
|
[]
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Comparison of nitrotyrosine antibodies and development of immunoassays for the detection of nitrated proteins.
|
Three monoclonal antibodies (mAb) and three polyclonal antibodies (pAb) have been characterized and compared with respect to their cross-reactivities and affinities for 3-nitrotyrosine, eight aromatic compounds with similar chemical structures, a peptide containing a single nitrotyrosine residue, and fourteen nitrated protein standards (bovine serum albumin, BSA) containing different numbers of nitrotyrosine residues per protein molecule (0.2 to 16.8). In indirect competitive immunoassays, mAb Alexis 39B6 exhibited the highest affinity for free 3-nitrotyrosine (10(6) L mol(-1)), while the pAb Oxis 24312 from sheep exhibited the highest affinities for nitrated proteins (up to 10(8) L mol(-1)). The apparent affinities determined in the indirect competitive assays were inversely correlated with the limits of detection (LOD) determined in one-sided immunoassays. With the sheep pAb minimum LOD on the order of 10 pmol L(-1) were achieved for highly nitrated proteins, corresponding to effective LOD on the order of 100 pmol L(-1) for nitrotyrosine residues. In the one-sided assays, however, the LOD for nitrated proteins increased proportionally with increasing background concentrations of native proteins in the investigated samples. Sandwich immunoassays combining pAb and mAb for selective enrichment and detection of nitrated proteins allowed to eliminate this native protein matrix effect and to achieve LOD on the order of 300 pmol L(-1) for highly nitrated proteins independent of native protein background concentrations.
|
['Air Pollutants', 'Animals', 'Antibodies', 'Antibodies, Monoclonal', 'Environmental Monitoring', 'Goats', 'Immunoassay', 'Mice', 'Rabbits', 'Sheep', 'Tyrosine']
| 15,213,824
|
[['D27.888.284.101'], ['B01.050'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224'], ['N06.850.460.350.080', 'N06.850.780.375'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.513'], ['E05.478.566', 'E05.601.470'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.968.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.791'], ['D12.125.072.050.875']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Prediction of dental caries in pre-school children.
|
Data obtained in a longitudinal study of caries incidence and caries-related factors were analysed with a view to producing a model for the prediction of caries. In direct correlations, caries incidence was significantly associated with bacterial, dietary and salivary variables; but when the data were examined by stepwise regression the strongest variables were the baseline caries score and misuse of sugar. Counts of Streptococcus mutans entered into the analysis but only as a relatively minor component. Similar significant relationships were seen with the determination of odds ratios. A caries activity test was formulated combining the following caries-associated variables: high counts of S. mutans, or lactobacilli, or the misuse of sugar, or frequent consumption of paediatric medicines. Regular use of fluoride tablets could compensate for paediatric medicine use or misuse of sugar. Such a caries activity test if it had been applied to the children at baseline would have had a positive predictive value of 0.76, a negative predictive value of 0.82, a sensitivity of 0.8 and a specificity of 0.78. Combining tests made the prediction of caries more accurate and in the population for which it was intended gave a reliable means of detecting those children most in need of enhanced caries prevention.
|
['Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Colony Count, Microbial', 'DMF Index', 'Dental Caries', 'Dental Caries Activity Tests', 'Dietary Carbohydrates', 'Female', 'Forecasting', 'Humans', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Iceland', 'Incidence', 'Lactobacillus', 'Longitudinal Studies', 'Male', 'Prevalence', 'Saliva', 'Streptococcus mutans', 'Sucrose', 'Tooth, Deciduous']
| 8,242,681
|
[['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['E01.370.225.875.220', 'E05.200.875.220'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.300.350', 'E06.208.266', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.300.340', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.300.350', 'N06.890.160.100'], ['C07.793.720.210'], ['E06.342.250'], ['D09.301', 'G07.203.300.362', 'J02.500.362'], ['I01.320'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G02.300'], ['Z01.542.816.249', 'Z01.639.490'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.375', 'N01.224.935.597.500', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.375', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.375'], ['B03.353.750.450.475', 'B03.510.460.400.410.475.475', 'B03.510.550.450.475'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.500'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['A12.200.666'], ['B03.353.750.737.872.875.520', 'B03.510.400.800.872.875.520', 'B03.510.550.737.872.875.520'], ['D09.698.629.305.770', 'D09.947.750.770'], ['A14.549.167.860.700']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
[A woman with swelling and blue-red discolouration of the leg].
|
A 61-year-old woman presented with a sudden marked swelling and blue-red discolouration of her entire left leg. The diagnosis phlegmasia cerulea dolens was made. This is an extreme case of lower-extremity deep venous thrombosis that can cause critical limb ischaemia and possible limb loss.
|
['Diagnosis, Differential', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Leg', 'Middle Aged', 'Thrombophlebitis', 'Venous Thrombosis']
| 29,473,538
|
[['E01.171'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A01.378.610.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C14.907.355.830.925.770', 'C14.907.617.718.788', 'C14.907.940.740.910'], ['C14.907.355.830.925']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Phosphorus supply influences heathland responses to atmospheric nitrogen deposition.
|
On an upland moor dominated by pioneer Calluna vulgaris and with an understorey of mosses and lichens, experimental plots were treated with factorial combinations of nitrogen (N) at +0 and +20kg Nha(-1)yr(-1), and phosphorus (P) at +0 and +5kg Pha(-1)yr(-1). Over the 4-year duration of the experiment, the cover of the Calluna canopy increased in density over time as part of normal phenological development. Moss cover increased initially in response to N addition but then remained static; increases in cover in response to P addition became stronger over time, eventually causing reductions in the cover of the dominant Calluna canopy. Lichen cover virtually disappeared within 4 years in plots receiving +20kg Nha(-1)yr(-1) and also in separate plots receiving +10kg Nha(-1)yr(-1), but this effect was reversed by the addition of P.
|
['Air Pollutants', 'Bryophyta', 'Calluna', 'Ecology', 'Ecosystem', 'Environmental Monitoring', 'Fertilizers', 'Geography', 'Lichens', 'Nitrogen', 'Phosphorus', 'Time', 'United Kingdom']
| 17,182,158
|
[['D27.888.284.101'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.137'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.341.937.211'], ['H01.158.273.248', 'H01.277.249'], ['G16.500.275.157', 'N06.230.124'], ['N06.850.460.350.080', 'N06.850.780.375'], ['D27.720.031.400'], ['H01.277.500'], ['B01.300.340', 'B05.350'], ['D01.268.604', 'D01.362.625'], ['D01.268.666'], ['G01.910'], ['Z01.542.363']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Adjunctive treatment of abdominal catastrophes and sepsis with direct peritoneal resuscitation: indications for use in acute care surgery.
|
BACKGROUND: The success of damage-control surgery (DCS) for the treatment of trauma has led to its use in other surgical problems such as abdominal sepsis. Previous studies using direct peritoneal resuscitation (DPR) for the treatment of trauma have yielded promising results. We present the results of the application of this technique to patients experiencing abdominal sepsis.METHODS: We enrolled 88 DCS patients during a 5 year-period (January 2008 to December 2012) into a propensity-matched study to evaluate the utility of using DPR in addition to standard resuscitation. DPR consisted of peritoneal lavage with 2.5% DELFLEX, and abdominal closure was standardized across both groups. Patients were matched using Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) variables. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed.RESULTS: There were no differences between the control and experimental groups with regard to age, sex, ethnicity, or APACHE II at 24 hours. Indications for damage control included pancreatitis, perforated hollow viscous, bowel obstruction, and ischemic enterocolitis. Patients undergoing DPR had both a higher rate of (68% vs. 43%, p < 0.03) and a shorter time to definitive fascial closure (5.9 [3.2] days vs. 7.7 [4.1] days, p < 0.02). DPR patients had a decreased APACHE II and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score compared with the controls at 48 hours. In addition, DPR patients had fewer abdominal complications compared with the controls (RR, 0.57; 95% confidence interval, 0.32-1.01; p = 0.038). Ventilator days and intensive care unit length of stay were both significantly reduced in the DPR group. The DPR group showed a lower overall mortality at 30 days (16% vs. 27%, p = 0.15).CONCLUSION: DPR reduces time to definitive abdominal closure, increases primary fascial closure, and reduces intra-abdominal complications following DCS. DPR may also attenuate progressive physiologic injury as demonstrated by a reduction in 48-hour intensive care unit severity scores. As a result, DPR following DCS may afford better outcomes to patients experiencing shock.LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic study, level III.
|
['APACHE', 'Abdominal Injuries', 'Abdominal Wound Closure Techniques', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Peritoneal Lavage', 'Propensity Score', 'Resuscitation', 'Sepsis']
| 25,159,241
|
[['E05.318.308.980.438.475.365', 'E05.318.308.980.438.475.456.500.250', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.364.500.250', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.364.500.250'], ['C26.017'], ['E04.987.100'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.927.705'], ['E05.318.740.600.675', 'N05.715.360.750.625.620', 'N06.850.520.830.600.650'], ['E02.365.647'], ['C01.757', 'C23.550.470.790.500']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
High sensitivity C-reactive protein associated with different health predictors in middle-aged and oldest old Chinese.
|
OBJECTIVE: To describe the distribution of plasma high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and explore the relationship between hsCRP and metabolic risk factors among residents living in longevity areas of China.METHODS: 268 individuals aged between 40 and 59 years and 506 individuals aged over 90 years were selected from 5 longevity areas of China to participate in a cross section longitudinal cohort study. The participants were interviewed with general health related questionnaire to collect their demographic, behavioral and lifestyle data, as well as their chronic conditions, and meanwhile their physical and biomedical parameters including waist circumference (WC), blood pressure (BP), hsCRP, plasma lipids, and fasting blood glucose (FBG) were measured.RESULTS: The median of hsCRP was 0.99 mg/L in the middle-aged group and 1.76 mg/L in the oldest old group. No significant gender difference was observed between the above two groups. Among the oldest old individuals, 36.56% had an hsCRP level >3.0 mg/L. The prevalence of high hsCRP was 16.79% in the middle-aged group. The results of stepwise multiple linear regression analyses showed that HDL-C was independently associated with ln (hsCRP) concentration in the middle-aged group, whereas ln (TG), HDL-C and FBG were correlated after adjustment for gender, study site, smoking, drinking, education and BMI in the oldest old group.CONCLUSION: HDL-C is a stronger predictor of elevated hsCRP than other metabolic factors in the middle-aged population. For the oldest old persons, high TG, low HDL-C, and FBG predict elevated plasma hsCRP.
|
['Adult', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Aging', 'Asian Continental Ancestry Group', 'Biomarkers', 'C-Reactive Protein', 'China', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Longevity', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Models, Biological']
| 22,840,575
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['G07.345.124'], ['M01.686.508.200'], ['D23.101'], ['D12.776.034.145', 'D12.776.124.050.120', 'D12.776.124.486.157'], ['Z01.252.474.164'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G07.345.124.519', 'G07.540'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.599.395']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
[Protective effect of oxiracetam on traumatic brain injury in rats].
|
OBJECTIVE: To study the role of oxiracetam on traumatic brain injury in rats.METHODS: Thirty Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: sham operation group, model group and treatment group. Feeney method were used to establish traumatic brain injury (TBI) model in rats in model and treatment group, and rats in sham group were only broached without hydraumatic fitted. Rats in treatment group were successive administration for 21 days with oxiracetam (100 mg/kg, ig). Neurologic impairment scores were undertook after operation of 1 d, 4 d, 7 d, 14 d and 21 d, and Morris water maze test were proceeded during 15 to 19 days after operation. Average escape latency, searching time in target quadrant and number of crossing target platform in rats were recorded.RESULTS: Neurologic impairment scores of rats in treatment group were significantly less than those of model group after operation of 7, 14 and 21 d (P < 0.05). Average escape latency of model group were significantly higher than those of sham operation group and treatment group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). Searching time in target quadrant and number of crossing target platform of model group were lower than those of sham operation and treatment group (P < 0.05)).CONCLUSION: Oxiracetam could decrease neural injury and increase ability of learning, memory and space cognition in traumatic brain injury rats.
|
['Animals', 'Brain Injuries', 'Male', 'Maze Learning', 'Pyrrolidines', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar']
| 24,175,546
|
[['B01.050'], ['C10.228.140.199', 'C10.900.300.087', 'C26.915.300.200'], ['F02.463.425.874.500'], ['D03.383.773'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Community-level impact of the reproductive health vouchers programme on service utilization in Kenya.
|
This paper examines community-level association between exposure to the reproductive health vouchers programme in Kenya and utilization of services. The data are from a household survey conducted among 2527 women (15-49 years) from voucher and comparable non-voucher sites. Analysis entails cross-tabulations with Chi-square tests and significant tests of proportions as well as estimation of multi-level logit models to predict service utilization by exposure to the programme. The results show that for births occurring after the voucher programme began, women from communities that had been exposed to the programme since 2006 were significantly more likely to have delivered at a health facility and to have received skilled care during delivery compared with those from communities that had not been exposed to the programme at all. There were, however, no significant differences in the timing of first trimester utilization of antenatal care (ANC) and making four or more ANC visits by exposure to the programme. In addition, poor women were significantly less likely to have used safe motherhood services (health facility delivery, skilled delivery care and postnatal care) compared with their non-poor counterparts regardless of exposure to the programme. Nonetheless, a significantly higher proportion of poor women from communities that had been exposed to the programme since 2006 used the services compared with their poor counterparts from communities that had not been exposed to the programme at all. The findings suggest that the programme is associated with increased health facility deliveries and skilled delivery care especially among poor women. However, it has had limited community-level impact on the first trimester timing of antenatal care use and making four or more visits, which remain a challenge despite the high proportion of women in the country that make at least one antenatal care visit during pregnancy.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Delivery, Obstetric', 'Female', 'Financing, Government', 'Health Care Surveys', 'Humans', 'Kenya', 'Maternal Health Services', 'Middle Aged', 'Poverty', 'Pregnancy', 'Residence Characteristics', 'Young Adult']
| 22,492,923
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['E04.520.252'], ['N03.219.521.346'], ['E05.318.308.980.344', 'N03.349.380.210', 'N05.425.210', 'N05.715.360.300.800.344', 'N06.850.520.308.980.344'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.058.290.120.400'], ['N02.421.143.620', 'N02.421.800.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['I01.880.735.634', 'I01.880.853.996.535', 'N01.824.600'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['N01.224.791', 'N06.850.505.400.800'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Identification of Root-Secreted Compounds Involved in the Communication Between Cucumber, the Beneficial Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, and the Soil-Borne Pathogen Fusarium oxysporum.
|
Colonization of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) is critical for exerting their beneficial effects on the plant. Root exudation is a major factor influencing the colonization of both PGPR and soil-borne pathogens within the root system. However, the tripartite interaction of PGPR, plant roots, and soil-borne pathogens is poorly understood. We screened root exudates for signals that mediate tripartite interactions in the rhizosphere. In a split-root system, we found that root colonization of PGPR strain Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SQR9 on cucumber root was significantly enhanced by preinoculation with SQR9 or the soil-borne pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum, whereas root colonization of F. oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum was reduced upon preinoculation with SQR9 or F. oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum. Root exudates from cucumbers preinoculated with SQR9 or F. oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum were analyzed and 109 compounds were identified. Correlation analysis highlighted eight compounds that significantly correlated with root colonization of SQR9 or F. oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum. After performing colonization experiments with these chemicals, raffinose and tryptophan were shown to positively affect the root colonization of F. oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum and SQR9, respectively. These results indicate that cucumber roots colonized by F. oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum or SQR9 increase root secretion of tryptophan to strengthen further colonization of SQR9. In contrast, these colonized cucumber roots reduce raffinose secretion to inhibit root colonization of F. oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum.
|
['Bacillus amyloliquefaciens', 'Colony Count, Microbial', 'Cucumis sativus', 'Disease Resistance', 'Fusarium', 'Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry', 'Genes, Plant', 'Phytochemicals', 'Plant Exudates', 'Plant Roots', 'Soil Microbiology', 'Transcription, Genetic']
| 27,937,752
|
[['B03.300.390.400.158.218.076', 'B03.353.500.100.218.076', 'B03.510.100.100.218.076', 'B03.510.415.400.158.218.076', 'B03.510.460.410.158.218.076'], ['E01.370.225.875.220', 'E05.200.875.220'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.300.188.666'], ['C23.550.291.671', 'G12.450.564.250', 'G12.450.800.250', 'G15.630.250'], ['B01.300.381.366'], ['E05.196.181.349.500', 'E05.196.566.500'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.393', 'G05.360.340.365.500'], ['D23.704'], ['D20.215.721'], ['A18.400'], ['H01.158.273.540.274.555', 'N06.850.425.300'], ['G02.111.873', 'G05.297.700']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Effects of exercise training on pulmonary mechanics and functional status in patients with prolonged mechanical ventilation.
|
BACKGROUND: The functional status and outcomes in patients with prolonged mechanical ventilation (PMV) are often limited by poor endurance and pulmonary mechanics, which result from the primary diseases or prolonged time bedridden. We evaluate the impact of exercise training on pulmonary mechanics, physical functional status, and hospitalization outcomes in PMV patients.METHODS: Twenty-seven subjects with PMV in our respiratory care center (RCC) were divided randomly into an exercise training group (n = 12) and a control group (n = 15). The exercise program comprised 10 sessions of exercise training. The measurement of pulmonary mechanics and physical functional status (Functional Independence Measurement and Barthel index) were performed pre-study and post-study. The hospitalization outcomes included: days of mechanical ventilation, hospitalization days, and weaning and mortality rates during RCC stay.RESULTS: The training group had significant improvement in tidal volume (143.6 mL vs 192.5 mL, P = .02) and rapid shallow breathing index after training (162.2 vs 110.6, P = .009). No significant change was found in the control group except respiratory rate. Both groups had significant improvement in functional status during the study. However, the training group had greater changes in FIM score than the control group (44.6 vs 34.2, P = .024). The training group also had shorter RCC stay and higher weaning and survival rates than the control group, although no statistical difference was found.CONCLUSIONS: Subjects with PMV in our RCC demonstrated significant improvement in pulmonary mechanics and functional status after exercise training. The application of exercise training may be helpful for PMV patients to improve hospitalization outcomes.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Cohort Studies', 'Exercise', 'Female', 'Hospitalization', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Recovery of Function', 'Respiration, Artificial', 'Respiratory Insufficiency', 'Respiratory Mechanics', 'Survival Rate', 'Tidal Volume', 'Time Factors', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 22,152,978
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['G11.427.410.698.277', 'I03.350'], ['E02.760.400', 'N02.421.585.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G16.757'], ['E02.041.625', 'E02.365.647.729', 'E02.880.820'], ['C08.618.846'], ['G09.772.705.700'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.900', 'N01.224.935.698.826', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.900', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.900'], ['E01.370.386.700.485.750.900.350.750', 'G09.772.850.970.500.700'], ['G01.910.857'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Calcified parenchymal central nervous system cysticercosis and clinical outcomes in epilepsy.
|
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to compare clinical outcomes including seizure frequency and psychiatric symptoms between patients with epilepsy with neuroimaging evidence of past brain parenchymal neurocysticercosis infection, patients with other structural brain lesions, and patients without structural neuroimaging abnormalities.MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included retrospective cross-sectional analysis of all patients treated for epilepsy in a community-based adult neurology clinic during a three-month period.RESULTS: A total of 160 patients were included in the analysis, including 63 with neuroimaging findings consistent with past parenchymal neurocysticercosis infection, 55 with structurally normal brain neuroimaging studies, and 42 with other structural brain lesions. No significant differences were detected between groups for either seizure freedom (46.03%, 50.91%, and 47.62%, respectively; p=0.944) or mean seizure frequency per month (mean=2.50, S.D.=8.1; mean=4.83, S.D.=17.64; mean=8.55, S.D.=27.31, respectively; p=0.267). Self-reported depressive symptoms were more prevalent in those with parenchymal neurocysticercosis than in the other groups (p=0.003). No significant differences were detected for prevalence of self-reported anxiety or psychotic symptoms.CONCLUSIONS: Calcified parenchymal neurocysticercosis results in refractory epilepsy about as often as other structural brain lesions. Depressive symptoms may be more common among those with epilepsy and calcified parenchymal neurocysticercosis; consequently, screening for depression may be indicated in this population.
|
['Adult', 'Calcinosis', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Depression', 'Epilepsy', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Mental Disorders', 'Middle Aged', 'Neurocysticercosis', 'Neuroimaging', 'Prevalence', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Seizures', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 25,569,744
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['C18.452.174.130'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['F01.145.126.350'], ['C10.228.140.490'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F03'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C01.207.205.250.550', 'C01.610.105.250.550', 'C01.610.335.190.902.185.550', 'C10.228.228.205.250.550'], ['E01.370.350.578', 'E01.370.376.537', 'E05.629'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['C10.597.742', 'C23.888.592.742'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Exchange of amino acids in the H1-haemagglutinin to H3 residues is required for efficient influenza A virus replication and pathology in Tmprss2 knock-out mice.
|
The haemagglutinin (HA) of H1N1 and H3N2 influenza A virus (IAV) subtypes has to be activated by host proteases. Previous studies showed that H1N1 virus cannot replicate efficiently in Tmprss2-/- knock-out mice whereas H3N2 viruses are able to replicate to the same levels in Tmprss2-/- as in wild type (WT) mice. Here, we investigated the sequence requirements for the HA molecule that allow IAV to replicate efficiently in the absence of TMPRSS2. We showed that replacement of the H3 for the H1-loop sequence (amino acids 320 to 329, at the C-terminus of HA1) was not sufficient for equal levels of virus replication or severe pathology in Tmprss2-/- knock-out mice compared to WT mice. However, exchange of a distant amino acid from H1 to H3 sequence (E31D) in addition to the HA-loop substitution resulted in virus replication in Tmprss2-/- knock-out mice that was comparable to WT mice. The higher virus replication and lung damage was associated with increased epithelial damage and higher mortality. Our results provide further evidence and insights into host proteases as a promising target for therapeutic intervention of IAV infections.
|
['Amino Acid Substitution', 'Animals', 'Cloning, Molecular', 'Dogs', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Viral', 'Hemagglutinins', 'Influenza A virus', 'Madin Darby Canine Kidney Cells', 'Mice', 'Mice, Knockout', 'Models, Molecular', 'Mutagenesis', 'Orthomyxoviridae Infections', 'Protein Conformation', 'Serine Endopeptidases', 'Virus Replication']
| 30,084,768
|
[['E05.393.420.601.035', 'G05.558.109'], ['B01.050'], ['E05.393.220'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.250.216.200'], ['G05.308.385'], ['D27.505.696.477.136.377'], ['B04.820.480.968.405.400'], ['A11.251.210.827', 'A11.436.589'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.136.500.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.455', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800.500'], ['E05.599.595'], ['G05.558'], ['C01.925.782.620'], ['G02.111.570.820.709'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.760', 'D08.811.277.656.959.350'], ['G06.920.925']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Heparin coating of vascular prostheses reduces thromboemboli.
|
BACKGROUND: Synthetic conduits made from currently available materials are suboptimal for use in small-diameter vascular reconstruction because of their high surface thrombogenicity, which leads to failure.METHODS: In this study control, heparin-irrigated, or heparin-bonded expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) grafts (4 mm long by 1 mm inner diameter) were implanted to reconstruct the iliac artery in male rats. The cremaster muscle was isolated as an island flap based on branches of the iliac artery downstream from the graft. Emboli were quantitated by using intravital fluorescent microscopy of the cremaster muscle's microcirculation.RESULTS: The mean number of emboli observed per animal during a 20-minute period was 91 for the control group, 84 for the heparin-irrigated group, and 22 for the tridodecylmethylammonium chloride (TDMAC)-heparin group. The mean area of each embolus was 1057 microns 2 for control, 940 microns 2 for heparin-irrigated, and 808 microns 2 for TDMAC-heparin-coated grafts (p < 0.05 for TDMAC-heparin versus control or heparin-irrigated).CONCLUSIONS: A TDMAC-heparin coating of ePTFE microvascular prostheses significantly reduces downstream microemboli.
|
['Animals', 'Blood Vessel Prosthesis', 'Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation', 'Equipment Design', 'Heparin', 'Male', 'Microcirculation', 'Muscle, Skeletal', 'Polytetrafluoroethylene', 'Rats', 'Thromboembolism', 'Thrombosis']
| 9,369,888
|
[['B01.050'], ['E07.695.110'], ['E04.100.814.868.500', 'E04.650.200'], ['E05.320'], ['D09.698.373.400'], ['G09.330.100.645'], ['A02.633.567', 'A10.690.552.500'], ['D05.750.395.616', 'D25.720.395.616', 'J01.637.051.720.395.616'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['C14.907.355.590'], ['C14.907.355.830']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Expression of focal adhesion kinase in patients with endometrial cancer: a clinicopathologic study.
|
INTRODUCTION: The pp125 focal adhesion kinase (FAK) plays a pivotal role in tumor cell signaling. Focal adhesion kinase expression has been linked to tumor cell proliferation, invasion, and metastasis, but data on endometrial cancer are inconclusive.METHODS: We assess FAK expression by immunohistochemistry in endometrial cancer for its value to predict patient prognosis.RESULTS: Of 134 endometrial cancer cases, 120 (89%) revealed moderate and strong expressions of FAK, whereas weak expression was found in 14 (11%) tumors. Kaplan-Meier analysis indicated a clear trend toward improved survival rates for patients with endometrial carcinomas weakly expressing FAK, and notably, there was neither lymph node metastasis nor tumor-related death in this patient subgroup. Increased expression of FAK correlated with higher histological tumor grade (P = 0.002), lymphatic vascular space invasion (P = 0.003), and vascular space invasion (P = 0.02). Significant prognostic survival variables were tumor stage (P < 0.01), histological type (P < 0.01), tumor grade (P = 0.028), and pelvic lymph node status (P = 0.035). Multivariate Cox regression analysis identified histological tumor grade as a significant independent predictor of patient survival (hazards ratio, 2.71; P = 0.03).CONCLUSIONS: Further studies are warranted to elucidate whether FAK expression analysis is a suitable tool in stratifying patients at different risks of disease progress, and wether FAK might become a new molecular target for endometrial anticancer therapy.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Biomarkers, Tumor', 'Carcinoma', 'Cohort Studies', 'Disease Progression', 'Endometrial Neoplasms', 'Female', 'Focal Adhesion Kinase 1', 'Humans', 'Lymphatic Metastasis', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasm Staging', 'Survival Analysis']
| 19,823,058
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['D23.101.140'], ['C04.557.470.200'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['C23.550.291.656'], ['C04.588.945.418.948.585', 'C13.351.500.852.762.200', 'C13.351.937.418.875.200'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.049.500', 'D12.776.744.493'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.697.650.560', 'C23.550.727.650.560'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.789.625'], ['E05.318.740.998', 'N05.715.360.750.795', 'N06.850.520.830.998']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Structure-strength relations in mammalian tendon.
|
The stress-strain relations in mammalian tendon are analyzed in terms of the structure and mechanics of its constituents. The model considers the tensile and bending strength of the collagen fibers, the tensile strength of the elastin fibers, and the interaction between the matrix and the collagen fibers. The stress-strain relations are solved through variational considerations by assuming that the fibermaxtrix interactions can be modeled as beam on elastic foundation. The tissue thus modeled is a hyperelastic material. It is further shown that on the basis of the model, the dominant parameters to the tendon's behavior can be evaluated from simple tensile tests.
|
['Animals', 'Biomechanical Phenomena', 'Collagen', 'Elastin', 'Mathematics', 'Models, Biological', 'Rats', 'Stress, Mechanical', 'Tendons']
| 728,528
|
[['B01.050'], ['G01.154.090', 'G01.374.089'], ['D05.750.078.280', 'D12.776.860.300.250'], ['D05.750.078.421', 'D12.776.860.300.350'], ['H01.548'], ['E05.599.395'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['G01.374.835'], ['A02.880']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Accurate bone segmentation in 2D radiographs using fully automatic shape model matching based on regression-voting.
|
Recent work has shown that using Random Forests (RFs) to vote for the optimal position of model feature points leads to robust and accurate shape model matching. This paper applies RF regression-voting as part of a fully automatic shape model matching (FASMM) system to three different radiograph segmentation problems: the proximal femur, the bones of the knee joint and the joints of the hand. We investigate why this approach works so well and demonstrate that the performance comes from a combination of three properties: (i) The integration of votes from multiple regions around the model point. (ii) The combination of multiple independent votes from each tree. (iii) The use of a coarse to fine strategy. We show that each property can improve performance, and that the best performance comes from using all three. We demonstrate that FASMM based on RF regression-voting generalises well across application areas, achieving state of the art performance in each of the three segmentation problems. This FASMM system provides an accurate and time-efficient way for the segmentation of bony structures in radiographs.
|
['Algorithms', 'Bone and Bones', 'Computer Simulation', 'Humans', 'Models, Biological', 'Models, Statistical', 'Osteoarthritis, Knee', 'Pattern Recognition, Automated', 'Radiographic Image Enhancement', 'Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted', 'Regression Analysis', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Subtraction Technique', 'X-Ray Film']
| 24,579,139
|
[['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['A02.835.232', 'A10.165.265'], ['L01.224.160'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.599.395'], ['E05.318.740.500', 'E05.599.835', 'N05.715.360.750.530', 'N06.850.520.830.500'], ['C05.550.114.606.500', 'C05.799.613.500'], ['L01.399.750'], ['E01.370.350.600.350.700', 'E01.370.350.700.700', 'L01.224.308.380.600'], ['E01.158.600.680', 'E01.370.350.350.700', 'E01.370.350.700.705', 'L01.313.500.750.100.158.600.680'], ['E05.318.740.750', 'N05.715.360.750.695', 'N06.850.520.830.750'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['E01.370.350.760'], ['E07.960']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Association of Tooth Loss With Development of Swallowing Problems in Community-Dwelling Independent Elderly Population: The Fujiwara-kyo Study.
|
BACKGROUND: Tooth loss induces changes to the anatomy of the oral cavity. We hypothesized that tooth loss may disturb smooth swallowing in healthy elderly people. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of tooth loss on the development of swallowing problems in an independent elderly population.METHODS: This was a 5-year prospective cohort study conducted in Nara, Japan. Included in this analysis were 1,988 community residents aged 65 years or older without swallowing problems at baseline. The participants were classified into quartile groups according to the number of remaining teeth at the baseline survey: 0-12, 13-22, 23-26, and 27-32 teeth. A decrease in the number of teeth during the survey was calculated by subtracting follow-up number from baseline number. Main outcome was the development of swallowing problems at follow-up.RESULTS: During follow-up, 312 individuals developed swallowing problems. After adjustment for confounding factors by multiple logistic regression analysis, the odds ratios for developing swallowing problems in participants with 13-22 or 0-12 teeth were 2.42 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.61-3.63) and 2.49 (95% CI, 1.68-3.69), respectively, compared to participants with 27-32 teeth, demonstrating a significant relationship. The odds ratio of per 1 tooth decrease over 5 years was 1.08 (95% CI, 1.02-1.13), showing a significant association.CONCLUSIONS: Swallowing problems due to aging are more likely to develop in individuals with fewer teeth.
|
['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Deglutition Disorders', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Independent Living', 'Japan', 'Male', 'Prospective Studies', 'Tooth Loss']
| 26,341,784
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['C06.405.117.119', 'C09.775.174'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['I03.050.500', 'N01.224.791.550', 'N06.850.505.400.800.550'], ['Z01.252.474.463', 'Z01.639.595'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['C07.465.714.804', 'C07.793.870']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Inhibition of angiotensin-1-converting enzyme activity by two varieties of ginger (Zingiber officinale) in rats fed a high cholesterol diet.
|
Angiotensin-1-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors are widely used in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. This study sought to investigate the inhibitory effect of two varieties of ginger (Zingiber officinale) commonly consumed in Nigeria on ACE activity in rats fed a high cholesterol diet. The inhibition of ACE activity of two varieties of ginger (Z. officinale) was investigated in a high cholesterol (2%) diet fed to rats for 3 days. Feeding high cholesterol diets to rats caused a significant (P<.05) increase in the ACE activity. However, there was a significant (P<.05) inhibition of ACE activity as a result of supplementation with the ginger varieties. Rats that were fed 4% white ginger had the greatest inhibitory effect as compared with a control diet. Furthermore, there was a significant (P<.05) increase in the plasma lipid profile with a concomitant increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) content in rat liver and heart tissues. However, supplementing the diet with red and white ginger (either 2% or 4%) caused a significant (P<.05) decrease in the plasma total cholesterol, triglyceride, very low density lipoprotein-cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels, and in MDA content in the tissues. Conversely, supplementation caused a significant (P<.05) increase in plasma high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol level when compared with the control diet. Nevertheless, rats fed 4% red ginger had the greatest reduction as compared with control diet. In conclusion, both ginger varieties exhibited anti-hypercholesterolemic properties in a high cholesterol diet fed to rats. This activity of the gingers may be attributed to its ACE inhibitory activity. However, white ginger inhibited ACE better in a high cholesterol diet fed to rats than red ginger. Therefore, both gingers could serve as good functional foods/nutraceuticals in the management/treatment of hypertension and other cardiovascular diseases.
|
['Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors', 'Animals', 'Atherosclerosis', 'Cholesterol', 'Ginger', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Malondialdehyde', 'Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A', 'Plant Extracts', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Triglycerides']
| 24,433,069
|
[['D27.505.519.389.745.085'], ['B01.050'], ['C14.907.137.126.307'], ['D04.210.500.247.222.284', 'D04.210.500.247.808.197', 'D10.570.938.208'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.618.937.900.444'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D02.047.700'], ['D08.811.277.656.350.350.687'], ['D20.215.784.500', 'D26.667'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900'], ['D10.351.801']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Paraoxonase and arylesterase activities in children with iron deficiency anemia and vitamin B12 deficiency anemia.
|
Paraoxonase-1 is an esterase enzyme and it has 3 types of activity, namely paraoxonase, arylesterase, and diazoxonase. It has been reported that paraoxonase-1 deficiency is related to increased susceptibility to development of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to investigate serum paraoxonase and arylesterase activities in children with iron deficiency anemia and vitamin B(12) deficiency anemia. Thirty children with iron deficiency anemia, 30 children with vitamin B(12) deficiency anemia, and 40 healthy children aged 6 months to 6 years were enrolled in this study. Serum paraoxonase and arylesterase activities were measured with a spectrophotometer by using commercially available kits. Mean paraoxonase and arylesterase activities in vitamin B(12) deficiency anemia group (103 ± 73 and 102 ± 41 U/L, respectively) were significantly lower than mean activities of control group (188 ± 100 and 147 ± 34 U/L, respectively; P < .001 for both) and iron deficiency anemia group (165 ± 103 and 138 ± 39 U/L, respectively; P < .05, P < .001), whereas there were no significant differences between iron deficiency anemia and control groups (P > .05). Paraoxonase and arylesterase activities significantly increased after treatment with vitamin B(12) in vitamin B(12) deficiency anemia; however, there were no significant changes in the activities of these enzymes after iron treatment in iron deficiency anemia group. Important correlations were found between vitamin B(12) levels and both paraoxonase and arylesterase activities (r = .367, P < .001; r = .445, P < .001). Our results suggest that vitamin B(12) deficiency anemia causes important reductions in paraoxonase and arylesterase activities, and after vitamin B(12) therapy the activities of these enzymes returned to near-normal levels.
|
['Anemia, Iron-Deficiency', 'Aryldialkylphosphatase', 'Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Iron', 'Male', 'Vitamin B 12', 'Vitamin B 12 Deficiency', 'Vitamin B Complex']
| 22,568,797
|
[['C15.378.071.196.300', 'C18.452.565.100'], ['D08.811.277.352.660.500'], ['D08.811.277.352.100'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['D01.268.556.412', 'D01.268.956.287', 'D01.552.544.412'], ['D03.383.129.578.840.437.777', 'D03.633.400.909.437.777', 'D04.345.783.437.777'], ['C18.654.521.500.133.699.923'], ['D27.505.696.494.600.708']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Helical CT with multiplanar and three-dimensional reconstruction of nonneoplastic abnormalities of the trachea.
|
Helical CT is being increasingly used for the evaluation of suspected tracheal diseases. Although nonneoplastic and noninfectious diseases of the trachea are rare, their appearance on CT images may be highly suggestive of the diagnosis. High quality multiplanar and 3D reconstructions including 3D surface-shaded display and virtual bronchoscopy are helpful to characterize tracheal abnormalities and to demonstrate the location and extent of the diseases.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Image Processing, Computer-Assisted', 'Imaging, Three-Dimensional', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed', 'Tracheal Diseases']
| 11,351,190
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.224.308'], ['E01.370.350.400', 'L01.224.308.410'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810'], ['C08.907']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Synthesis and application of a 5'-aldehyde phosphoramidite for covalent attachment of DNA to biomolecules.
|
We recently reported the use of covalently attached DNA as a structural constraint for rational control of macromolecular conformation. Reductive amination was employed to attach each strand of the duplex DNA constraint to RNA, utilizing an aldehyde tethered to the 5'-terminus of the DNA. Here we describe the synthesis of a thymidine phosphoramidite that has the 5'-tethered aldehyde masked as a 1,2-diol. We also describe optimized reductive amination conditions for linking 5'-aldehyde-DNA with 2'-amino-2'-deoxy-RNA. These procedures should be generally applicable for attaching DNA to biomolecules.
|
['Aldehydes', 'Amines', 'DNA', 'Molecular Structure', 'Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular', 'Organophosphorus Compounds', 'RNA']
| 16,839,163
|
[['D02.047'], ['D02.092'], ['D13.444.308'], ['G02.111.570', 'G02.466'], ['E05.196.867.519.550'], ['D02.705'], ['D13.444.735']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Lethality of a tritiated amino acid in early mouse embryos.
|
2- to 4-cell and morula- to blastocyst-stage mouse embryos were cultured for 1 h in tritiated leucine at two specific activities and their subsequent development followed in vitro and in vivo (after transfer to recipients), respectively. 2- to 4-cell embryos that incorporated an average of 42 d.p.m. per embryo were impaired in their ability to develop to the morula and blastocyst stage. Recipients receiving morulae and blastocysts that had incorporated an average of 384 d.p.m. per embryo failed to produce young. Reduction of the specific activity improved the viability of embryos both in vitro and in vivo but development was still less than that of unlabelled embryos. Protein degradation curves were different for both 2- to 4-cell and morulato blastocyst-stage embryos labelled at the two different specific activities. Most studies using tritiated amino acids have employed higher specific activities than those used here and they may have to be reevaluated due to the possibility of radiation-induced artifacts.
|
['Animals', 'Blastocyst', 'Culture Techniques', 'Embryo Transfer', 'Embryonic and Fetal Development', 'Fetal Proteins', 'Leucine', 'Mice', 'Morula', 'Tritium']
| 4,078,530
|
[['B01.050'], ['A16.254.500'], ['E05.481.500'], ['E02.875.800.500', 'E05.820.800.500'], ['G07.345.500.325', 'G08.686.784.170'], ['D12.776.320'], ['D12.125.070.637', 'D12.125.142.441'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['A16.615'], ['D01.268.406.875', 'D01.362.340.875', 'D01.496.749.925']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Treatment-related improvement in neuropsychological functioning in suicidal depressed patients: paroxetine vs. bupropion.
|
Neuropsychological dysfunction is associated with risk for suicidal behavior, but it is unknown if antidepressant medication treatment is effective in reducing this dysfunction, or if specific medications might be more beneficial. A comprehensive neuropsychological battery was administered at baseline and after 8 weeks of treatment within a randomized, double-blind clinical trial comparing paroxetine and bupropion in patients with DSM-IV Major Depressive Disorder and either past suicide attempt or current suicidal thoughts. Change in neurocognitive performance was compared between assessments and between medication groups. Treatment effects on the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and Scale for Suicide Ideation were compared with neurocognitive improvement. Neurocognitive functioning improved after treatment in all patients, without clear advantage for either medication. Improvement in memory performance was associated with a reduction in suicidal ideation independent of the improvement of depression severity. Overall, antidepressant medication improved neurocognitive performance in patients with major depression and suicide risk. Reduced suicidal ideation was best predicted by a combination of the independent improvements in both depression symptomatology and verbal memory. Targeted treatment of neurocognitive dysfunction in these patients may augment standard medication treatment for reducing suicidal behavior risk.
|
['Adult', 'Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation', 'Bupropion', 'Cognition Disorders', 'Depressive Disorder, Major', 'Double-Blind Method', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Paroxetine', 'Suicidal Ideation', 'Suicide, Attempted', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 25,555,415
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D27.505.954.427.700.122.050'], ['D02.522.818.110'], ['F03.615.250'], ['F03.600.300.375'], ['E05.318.370.300', 'E05.581.500.300', 'N05.715.360.325.320', 'N06.850.520.445.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D03.383.621.600'], ['F01.145.126.980.875.149', 'I01.880.735.856.149'], ['F01.145.126.980.875.600', 'I01.880.735.856.600'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Restoration of the airway following bilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis.
|
Bilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis has been treated by a number of ingenious techniques that include arytenoidectomies, vocal cord lateralizations, cordectomies, and, recently, reinnervation procedures and laser arytenoidectomies. An arytenoidectomy is recommended by a thyrotomy approach without lateralization of the vocal cord. The resulting airway is adequate for decannulation by expansion of the posterior glottic aperture, with preservation of the anterior glottis for phonation.
|
['Arytenoid Cartilage', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Intubation, Intratracheal', 'Laryngeal Cartilages', 'Male', 'Postoperative Period', 'Vocal Cord Paralysis', 'Vocal Cords', 'Voice Quality']
| 4,046,705
|
[['A02.165.257.625.083', 'A02.165.407.500.083', 'A04.329.591.085'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.041.500', 'E02.585.578', 'E05.497.578'], ['A02.165.257.625', 'A02.165.407.500', 'A04.329.591'], ['E04.614.750', 'N02.421.585.753.750'], ['C08.360.931', 'C09.400.931', 'C10.292.887.800', 'C10.597.622.943', 'C23.888.592.636.943'], ['A04.329.364.737'], ['G09.772.925.960']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Abdominal cocoon: sonographic features.
|
An abdominal cocoon is a rare condition in which the small bowel is encased in a membrane. The diagnosis is usually established at surgery. Here we describe the sonographic features of this condition.
|
['Adolescent', 'Diagnosis, Differential', 'Female', 'Hernia', 'Humans', 'Intestinal Obstruction', 'Intestine, Small', 'Ultrasonography']
| 12,862,272
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['E01.171'], ['C23.300.707'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C06.405.469.531'], ['A03.556.124.684'], ['E01.370.350.850']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Properties of a telomerase-specific Cre/Lox switch for transcriptionally targeted cancer gene therapy.
|
Telomerase expression represents a good target for cancer gene therapy. The promoters of the core telomerase catalytic [human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT)] and RNA [human telomerase RNA (hTR)] subunits show selective activity in cancer cells but not in normal cells. This property can be harnessed to express therapeutic transgenes in a wide range of cancer cells. Unfortunately, weak hTR and hTERT promoter activities in some cancer cells could limit the target cell range. Therefore, strategies to enhance telomerase-specific gene therapy are of interest. We constructed a Cre/Lox reporter switch coupling telomerase promoter specificity with Cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter activity, which is generally considered to be constitutively high. In this approach, a telomerase-specific vector expressing Cre recombinase directs excisive recombination on a second vector, removing a transcriptional blockade to CMV-dependent luciferase expression. We tested switch activation in cell lines over a wide range of telomerase promoter activities. However, Cre/Lox-dependent luciferase expression was not enhanced relative to expression using hTR or hTERT promoters directly. Cell-specific differences between telomerase and CMV promoter activities and incomplete sigmoid switch activation were limiting factors. Notably, CMV activity was not always significantly stronger than telomerase promoter activity. Our conclusions provide a general basis for a more rational design of novel recombinase switches in gene therapy.
|
['Adenocarcinoma', 'Carcinoma', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'DNA-Binding Proteins', 'Female', 'Genetic Therapy', 'Humans', 'Neoplasms', 'Promoter Regions, Genetic', 'Recombinant Proteins', 'Telomerase', 'Transcription, Genetic', 'Transfection', 'Urinary Bladder Neoplasms']
| 16,331,888
|
[['C04.557.470.200.025'], ['C04.557.470.200'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['D12.776.260'], ['E02.095.301', 'E05.393.420.301'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04'], ['G02.111.570.080.689.675', 'G05.360.080.689.675', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.750.680'], ['D12.776.828'], ['D08.811.913.696.445.308.300.750.750', 'D12.776.157.687.613', 'D12.776.157.725.500.921', 'D12.776.660.720.613', 'D12.776.664.962.500.921'], ['G02.111.873', 'G05.297.700'], ['E05.393.350.810', 'G05.728.860'], ['C04.588.945.947.960', 'C12.758.820.968', 'C12.777.829.813', 'C13.351.937.820.945', 'C13.351.968.829.707']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Cell context-dependent dual effects of EFEMP1 stabilizes subpopulation equilibrium in responding to changes of in vivo growth environment.
|
Conflicting functions of EFEMP1 in cancer have been reported. Using two syngeneic glioma cell lines (U251 and U251-NS) carrying two different principal cell subpopulations that express high or low EGFR, and that are able to interconvert via mis-segregation of chromosome 7 (Chr7), we studied EFEMP1's cell-context-dependent functions in regulating subpopulation equilibrium, here defined by the percentage of cells carrying different copies of Chr7. We found that EFEMP1 attenuated levels of EGFR and cellular respiration in high-EGFR-expressing cells, but increased levels of NOTCH1, MMP2, cell invasiveness, and both oxidative phosphorylation and glycolytic respiration in low-EGFR-expressing cells. Consistently, EFEMP1 suppressed intracranial xenograft formation in U251 and promoted its formation in U251-NS. Interestingly, subpopulation equilibria in xenografts of U251-NS without EFEMP1 overexpression were responsive to inoculum size (1, 10 and 100 thousand cells), which may change the tumor-onset environment. It was not observed in xenografts of U251-NS with EFEMP1 overexpression. The anti-EGFR function of EFEMP1 suppressed acceleration of growth of U251-NS, but not the subpopulation equilibrium, when serially passed under a different (serum-containing adherent) culture condition. Overall, the data suggest that the orthotopic environment of the brain tumor supports EFEMP1 in carrying out both its anti-EGFR and pro-invasive/cancer stem cell-transforming functions in the two glioma cell subpopulations during formation of a single tumor, where EFEMP1 stabilizes the subpopulation equilibrium in response to alterations of the growth environment. This finding implies that EFEMP1 may restrain cancer plasticity in coping with ever-changing tumor microenvironments and/or therapeutic-intervention stresses.
|
['Animals', 'Apoptosis', 'Blotting, Western', 'Brain Neoplasms', 'Cell Proliferation', 'ErbB Receptors', 'Extracellular Matrix Proteins', 'Female', 'Glioma', 'Humans', 'Immunoenzyme Techniques', 'In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence', 'Mice', 'Mice, Nude', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Receptors, Notch', 'Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Tumor Cells, Cultured', 'Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays']
| 26,307,682
|
[['B01.050'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['E05.196.401.143', 'E05.301.300.096', 'E05.478.566.320.200', 'E05.601.262', 'E05.601.470.320.200'], ['C04.588.614.250.195', 'C10.228.140.211', 'C10.551.240.250'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.400.009', 'D12.776.543.750.630.009', 'D12.776.543.750.750.400.074'], ['D12.776.860.300'], ['C04.557.465.625.600.380', 'C04.557.470.670.380', 'C04.557.580.625.600.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.478.566.350', 'E05.478.583.400', 'E05.601.470.350'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.670.325.350', 'E01.370.225.750.600.670.325.350', 'E05.200.500.620.670.325.350', 'E05.200.750.600.670.325.350', 'E05.393.285.350', 'E05.393.661.475.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.500'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['E05.393.620.500.706'], ['D12.776.543.750.725', 'D12.776.930.770'], ['E05.393.620.500.725'], ['A11.251.860'], ['E05.337.550.200.900', 'E05.624.850']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Peer Victimization in Adolescents With Severe Obesity: The Roles of Self-Worth and Social Support in Associations With Psychosocial Adjustment.
|
Objective: To examine the associations of peer victimization with internalizing symptoms, externalizing symptoms, social competence, and academic performance in a clinical sample of adolescents with severe obesity, and whether self-worth and social support affect these associations.Methods: Multisite cross-sectional data from 139 adolescents before weight loss surgery ( M age = 16.9; 79.9% female, 66.2% White; M Body Mass Index [BMI] = 51.5 kg/m 2 ) and 83 nonsurgical comparisons ( M age = 16.1; 81.9% female, 54.2% White; M BMI = 46.9 kg/m 2 ) were collected using self-reports with standardized measures.Results: As a group, participants did not report high levels of victimization. Self-worth mediated the effects of victimization on a majority of measures of adjustment, and further analyses provided evidence of the buffering effect of social support for some mediational models.Conclusions: Self-worth and social support are important targets for prevention and intervention for both victimization and poor adjustment in adolescent severe obesity.
|
['Adaptation, Psychological', 'Adolescent', 'Adolescent Behavior', 'Bullying', 'Crime Victims', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Obesity, Morbid', 'Peer Group', 'Self Concept', 'Self Report', 'Social Adjustment', 'Social Support']
| 27,680,082
|
[['F01.058'], ['M01.060.057'], ['F01.145.022'], ['F01.145.126.125.550', 'F01.145.813.213.500', 'I01.880.735.070'], ['M01.135'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C18.654.726.500.700', 'C23.888.144.699.500.500', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120.699.500.500', 'G07.100.100.160.120.699.500.500'], ['F01.829.316.483'], ['F01.752.747.792'], ['E05.318.308.980.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.500'], ['F01.145.813.621'], ['I01.880.853.500.600']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Functional scanning electron microscopical observations on the oral roof in an air-breathing teleost, Clarias batrachus (LINN.).
|
Scanning Electron Microscopical (SEM) as well as light microscopical features of the oral roof including barbels of the air-breathing teleost, Clarias batrachus (LINN.) have been described in relation to its feeding habit. 3 distinct types of taste buds have been recorded for the first time in the barbels, lip, and in and around the teeth bearing suprapharyngeal teeth pad of the fish studied. The taste buds in the barbels and lip are elevated over the epithelium and confer wart like appearance which probably help in mechanoreception in addition to chemoreception. The taste buds in the suprapharyngeal teeth pad slightly rise above the epithelium whereas those in the borders of it do not. They also possess numerous minute papillae in the gustatory pores. These taste buds seem to act as chemoreceptors. SEM and light microscopical observations on the structure and distribution of taste buds in the oral roof clearly reveal that the fish is purely a taste-feeder and scans and gropes the food materials from the bottom of the pond.
|
['Animals', 'Cheek', 'Epithelium', 'Fishes', 'Lip', 'Microscopy, Electron, Scanning', 'Mouth Mucosa', 'Pharynx', 'Taste Buds', 'Tooth']
| 3,743,999
|
[['B01.050'], ['A01.456.505.173', 'A14.194'], ['A10.272'], ['B01.050.150.900.493'], ['A01.456.505.631.515', 'A14.549.336'], ['E01.370.350.515.402.541', 'E05.595.402.541'], ['A10.615.550.599', 'A14.549.512'], ['A03.556.750', 'A04.623', 'A14.724'], ['A03.556.500.885.779', 'A08.675.650.915.500.800', 'A08.800.950.500.800', 'A09.846', 'A11.671.650.915.500.800', 'A14.549.885.779'], ['A14.549.167.860']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Determination of aflatoxin Q1 in urine by automated immunoaffinity column clean-up and liquid chromatography.
|
A liquid chromatographic system with an automated clean-up procedure for aflatoxin Q1 in human urine is described. The samples were cleaned up by using immunoaffinity columns originally designed for aflatoxin M1. The chromatographic system was a C18 column with an acidic mobile phase of acetonitrile-water containing potassium bromide. Fluorescence detection (365/440 nm) of aflatoxin Q1 was enhanced by addition of bromine, using post-column derivatization, which was studied by factorial designs. Average recovery of aflatoxin Q1 in spiked 10-ml urine samples was 88% (R.S.D. = 6.4%) at a level of 50 pg/ml. The determination limit was 49.5 pg/ml urine.
|
['Aflatoxin M1', 'Aflatoxins', 'Autoanalysis', 'Chromatography, Affinity', 'Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'Cross Reactions', 'Humans', 'Immunoassay', 'Reference Standards', 'Spectrometry, Fluorescence']
| 7,987,484
|
[['D03.383.663.283.119.100', 'D03.633.100.150.119.100', 'D23.946.587.142.100'], ['D03.383.663.283.119', 'D03.633.100.150.119', 'D23.946.587.142'], ['E05.059'], ['E05.196.181.400.170'], ['E05.196.181.400.300'], ['G12.122.281'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.478.566', 'E05.601.470'], ['E05.978.808'], ['E05.196.712.516.600.676', 'E05.196.867.726']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Dorsal dislocation of the proximal interphalangeal joints of the finger. Results after static and functional treatment].
|
In a follow-up examination of 30 patients who had sustained dorsal dislocations of the PIP joint, the results of two conservative therapy regimens, either immobilisation or early motion were investigated. In Group A, 15 patients were treated by closed reduction and immobilisation with a forearm cast for four weeks. Nine patients showed normal range of motion, whereas a limitation of extension of ten degrees and more was seen in six cases. All PIP joints were stable. Nine patients were satisfied. Three patients complained of a limitation of extension, two of a limitation of extension and pain and one of swelling. In Group B, 15 patients were treated by dorsal block splinting of the PIP joint following reposition. The finger was released in extension with daily active exercise of the PIP joint. Only two of 15 patients showed limitation of extension, whereas 13 cases showed normal range of motion. Instability of one collateral ligament was seen in two cases. Palmar instability did not occur. Eleven patients were satisfied. One patient complained of instability, pain and lack of extension, one of pain in combination with instability, one of pain and one of swelling of the joint.
|
['Adult', 'Casts, Surgical', 'Female', 'Finger Injuries', 'Finger Joint', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Radiography', 'Range of Motion, Articular', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Splints']
| 11,468,899
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E07.858.442.660.430.500', 'E07.858.690.725.430.500'], ['C26.448.429'], ['A02.835.583.405.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C23.550.767'], ['E01.370.350.700'], ['E01.370.600.700', 'G11.427.760'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E07.858.442.660.430.750', 'E07.858.690.725.430.750']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Temperature-dependent dielectric properties of liver tissue measured during thermal ablation: toward an improved numerical model.
|
The development of microwave tumor ablation devices depends largely on numerical simulations of antenna characteristics and transient electromagnetic heating. However, without an adequate tissue model simulation predictions can vary widely from experimental results. In this study, tissue dielectric properties are measured to capture changes induced by temperature, cellular makeup and water content during thermal ablation. Measurements made using this technique agree closely with previous measurements for temperatures up to 50 degrees C, but both relative permittivity and conductivity decrease by as much as 50 percent when temperatures approach 100 degrees C.
|
['Animals', 'Body Temperature', 'Computer Simulation', 'Electric Impedance', 'Hyperthermia, Induced', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Liver', 'Microwaves', 'Models, Biological', 'Surgery, Computer-Assisted', 'Swine']
| 19,162,635
|
[['B01.050'], ['E01.370.600.875.374', 'G07.110'], ['L01.224.160'], ['G01.358.500.249.277.350'], ['E02.565'], ['E05.481'], ['A03.620'], ['G01.358.500.505.810.500', 'G01.750.250.810.500', 'G01.750.770.721.500'], ['E05.599.395'], ['E04.749'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.880']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Ethno-cultural variations in the experience and meaning of mental illness and treatment: implications for access and utilization.
|
We conducted a study to investigate how understandings of mental illness and responses to mental health services vary along ethno-racial lines. Participants were 25 African American, Latino, and Euro-American inner-city residents in Hartford Connecticut diagnosed with severe mental illness and currently enrolled in a larger study of a community mental health center. Data were collected through 18 months of ethnographic work in the community. Overall, Euro-Americans participants were most aligned with professional disease-oriented perspectives on severe mental illness and sought the advice and counsel of mental health professionals. African-American and Latino participants emphasized non-biomedical interpretations of behavioral, emotional, and cognitive problems and were critical of mental health services. Participants across the sample expressed expectations and experiences of psychiatric stigma. Although Euro-Americans were aware of the risk of social rejection because of mental illness, psychiatric stigma did not form a core focus of their narrative accounts. By contrast, stigma was a prominent theme in the narrative accounts of African Americans, for whom severe mental illness was considered to constitute private "family business." For Latino participants, the cultural category of nervios appeared to hold little stigma, whereas psychiatric clinical labels were potentially very socially damaging. Our findings provide further empirical support for differences in symptom interpretation and definitions of illness among persons from diverse ethno-racial backgrounds. First-person perspectives on contemporary mental health discourses and practices hold implications for differential acceptability of mental health care that may inform variations in access and utilization of services in diverse populations.
|
['Adult', 'African Americans', 'Cross-Cultural Comparison', 'Emigrants and Immigrants', 'European Continental Ancestry Group', 'Female', 'Health Services Accessibility', 'Hispanic Americans', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Mental Disorders', 'Mental Health Services', 'Middle Aged', 'Narration', 'Patient Acceptance of Health Care', 'Prejudice', 'Psychotherapy', 'Psychotropic Drugs', 'Social Values', 'Urban Population', 'Utilization Review']
| 20,603,387
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.686.508.100.100', 'M01.686.754.100'], ['I01.076.201.450.281', 'I01.880.853.100.257'], ['M01.189'], ['M01.686.508.400'], ['N04.590.374.350', 'N05.300.430'], ['M01.686.754.441'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F03'], ['F04.408', 'N02.421.461'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.308.502', 'F01.145.209.459', 'L01.399.250.660', 'N05.715.360.300.480', 'N06.850.520.308.502'], ['F01.100.150.750.500', 'F01.145.488.887.500', 'N05.300.150.800.500'], ['F01.145.813.550', 'F01.829.595'], ['F04.754'], ['D27.505.954.427.700'], ['F01.829.873'], ['N01.600.900'], ['N04.761.879', 'N05.700.900']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
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Influence of folk medicine on the family practitioner.
|
The practice of folk medicine in the United States is increasing. Awareness by the family practitioner is essential in order to effectively communicate and successfully recommend medical treatment to those patients who hold belief in these traditional practices. Root medicine is particularly thriving in the southeastern United States. The influx of refugees into the southern coastal states has introduced new concepts into traditional medical practices. Interaction with patients who are involved with traditional health care providers and the modern medical community occurs more frequently than may be appreciated by the physicians. This article is intended to increase physicians' knowledge of some of the basic philosophies and practices of folk medicine, particularly root medicine, and to provide some insight into the reasons why the practitioners of folk medicine can be strongly influential in the medical and psychologic concerns of patients who believe in the power of the supernatural.
|
['Adult', 'Attitude of Health Personnel', 'Family Practice', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Medicine, Traditional', 'Patients', 'Physician-Patient Relations', 'Phytotherapy', 'Refugees', 'United States']
| 3,810,218
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['F01.100.050', 'N05.300.100'], ['H02.403.340.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.190.488', 'I01.076.201.450.654'], ['M01.643'], ['F01.829.401.650.675', 'N05.300.660.625'], ['E02.190.755'], ['M01.755'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
High body fat and low muscle mass are associated with increased arterial stiffness in Asian Indians in North India.
|
AIM: To investigate the associations of high body fat and low muscle mass with arterial stiffness in Asian Indians with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in North India.METHODS: In this cross sectional study, subjects with T2DM (males n=110, females n=58, mean age: 53.8±10.0years) were recruited. Anthropometry and body composition analysis were performed and measures of glycemia, lipids and PWV were analyzed.RESULTS: Significant positive correlation was observed between PWV and body fat (p<0.05), left leg fat (p<0.05), and right leg fat (p<0.01) percentages only in females. In males, significant negative correlation was observed between PWV and truncal fat free mass (p<0.05) and fat free mass in right arm (p=0.05) and left arm (p<0.05). In both males and females, significant negative correlation was observed between PWV and fat free mass in left leg (p<0.01) and for right leg fat free mass only in females.CONCLUSION: Excess adiposity and low fat free mass are associated with arterial stiffening in Asian Indians with T2DM in North India, with significant gender differences.
|
['Adipose Tissue', 'Asian Continental Ancestry Group', 'Body Mass Index', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Incidence', 'India', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Muscle, Skeletal', 'Muscular Atrophy', 'Obesity', 'Organ Size', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Risk Assessment', 'Severity of Illness Index', 'Sex Distribution', 'Vascular Stiffness']
| 25,200,813
|
[['A10.165.114'], ['M01.686.508.200'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.125', 'E05.041.124.125', 'G07.100.100.125', 'N06.850.505.200.100.175'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['C18.452.394.750.149', 'C19.246.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.375', 'N01.224.935.597.500', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.375', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.375'], ['Z01.252.245.393'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['A02.633.567', 'A10.690.552.500'], ['C10.597.613.612', 'C23.300.070.500', 'C23.888.592.608.612'], ['C18.654.726.500', 'C23.888.144.699.500', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120.699.500', 'G07.100.100.160.120.699.500'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.660', 'E05.041.124.715', 'G07.100.100.660', 'G07.345.249.690'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.715', 'N04.452.871.715', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.690', 'N06.850.505.715', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.715'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475.456.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.364.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.364.500'], ['I01.240.800', 'N01.224.803', 'N06.850.505.400.850'], ['G09.330.940']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
P2Y11 impairs cell proliferation by induction of cell cycle arrest and sensitizes endothelial cells to cisplatin-induced cell death.
|
Extracellular ATP mediates a wide range of physiological effects, including cell proliferation, differentiation, maturation, and migration. However, the effect of ATP on cell proliferation has been contradictory, and the mechanism is not fully understood. In the current study, we found that extracellular ATP significantly inhibited the proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs). Treatment with ATP did not induce cell apoptosis but instead induced cell cycle arrest in S phase. ATP induced the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, but the ERK inhibitors, U0126 and PD9809, did not regulate the inhibition of cell proliferation induced by ATP. However, ATP-induced inhibition of cell proliferation was blocked by suramin, a nonspecific antagonist of the P2Y receptors, and endothelial cells expressed P2Y11, a P2Y receptor that specifically binds ATP. Moreover, the down-regulation of P2Y11 by RNA interference not only reversed the inhibition of cell proliferation but also ameliorated cell cycle arrest in S phase. In addition, P2Y11 sensitized endothelial cells to cisplatin-induced cell death by down-regulation of the expression of Bcl-2. Taken together, these results suggest that extracellular ATP impairs cell proliferation by triggering signaling to induce cell cycle arrest and sensitizes cell to death via P2Y11 in endothelial cells.
|
['Adenosine Triphosphate', 'Antineoplastic Agents', 'Aorta', 'Apoptosis', 'Cell Cycle Checkpoints', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Cisplatin', 'Down-Regulation', 'Drug Synergism', 'Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells', 'Humans', 'MAP Kinase Signaling System', 'Neovascularization, Physiologic', 'Primary Cell Culture', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2', 'Receptors, Purinergic P2', 'S Phase', 'Uridine Triphosphate']
| 21,503,959
|
[['D03.633.100.759.646.138.236', 'D13.695.667.138.236', 'D13.695.827.068.236'], ['D27.505.954.248'], ['A07.015.114.056'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['G04.144.109'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['A11.251'], ['D01.210.375', 'D01.625.125', 'D01.710.100'], ['G02.111.240', 'G05.308.200', 'G07.690.773.937'], ['G07.690.773.968.477'], ['A11.436.275.682'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G02.111.820.560', 'G03.493.560', 'G04.835.560'], ['G09.330.630'], ['E01.370.225.500.223.500', 'E05.200.500.265.500', 'E05.242.223.500', 'E05.481.500.249.500'], ['D12.644.360.075.718', 'D12.776.476.075.718', 'D12.776.624.664.700.169'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.700.720', 'D12.776.543.750.720.700.720'], ['G02.111.225.880', 'G04.144.500.800', 'G05.226.880'], ['D03.383.742.686.850.950', 'D13.695.740.850.950', 'D13.695.827.919.950']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Chronic myelocytic leukemia associated with cytomegalovirus induced sialoadenitis after unrelated allogeneic bone marrow transplantation].
|
A 26-year-old male with chronic myelocytic leukemia was admitted for unrelated allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT). After BMT, he developed swelling of biateral submandibular glands accompanied with pneumonitis possibly due to cytomegalovirus (CMV). Biopsy from the left submandibular gland showed giant cells with nuclear inclusion bodies that were positive for anti-CMV-IE monoclonal antibody, there fore cytomegalic sialoadenitis was diagnosed. The administration of ganciclovir resulted in resolution of the pnumonitis and submandibular gland swelling. Although cytomegalic sialoadenitis is not a life-threating complication in BMT patients, it should be noted that biopsy is very useful for the diagnosis of systemic cytomegalovirus infection.
|
['Adult', 'Antiviral Agents', 'Bone Marrow Transplantation', 'Cytomegalovirus Infections', 'Ganciclovir', 'Humans', 'Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive', 'Lung Diseases, Interstitial', 'Male', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Sialadenitis']
| 8,683,867
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D27.505.954.122.388'], ['E02.095.147.725.040', 'E04.936.580.040'], ['C01.925.256.466.245'], ['D03.633.100.759.758.399.454.250.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.557.337.539.250', 'C15.378.190.636.370'], ['C08.381.483'], ['C23.550.767'], ['C07.465.815.793']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
ABO-Nonidentical Liver Transplantation in the United States.
|
Under the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) policy, deceased donor livers may be offered to ABO-nonidentical candidates at each given Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score and to blood type B candidates at MELD ?30. To evaluate ABO-nonidentical liver transplantation (LT) in the United States, we examined all adult LT non-status 1 candidates, recipients and deceased liver donors from 2013 to 2015. There were 34 920 LT candidates (47% type O, 38% type A, 12% type B, 3% type AB) and 10 479 deceased liver donors (47% type O, 38% type A, 12% type B, 3% type AB). ABO-nonidentical LT occurred in 2%, 3%, 20% and 36% of types O, A, B and AB recipients, respectively, which led to a net liver loss of 6% for type O and 2% for type A recipients but a net liver gain of 14% for type B and 55% for type AB recipients. The LT MELD scores of ABO-identical versus -nonidentical recipients were 29 versus 34 for type O, 29 versus 19 for type A, 25 versus 38 for type B, and 22 versus 28 for type AB (p < 0.01). ABO-nonidentical LT increased liver supply for candidates with blood types B and AB but decreased supply for type O and A candidates. We urge refinement of UNOS policy surrounding ABO-nonidentical LT.
|
['ABO Blood-Group System', 'Adult', 'Blood Group Incompatibility', 'Female', 'Graft Survival', 'Humans', 'Liver Transplantation', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Patient Selection', 'Time Factors', 'Tissue Donors', 'Tissue and Organ Procurement', 'United States', 'Waiting Lists']
| 26,932,134
|
[['D23.050.301.290.031', 'D23.050.705.230.031'], ['M01.060.116'], ['G09.188.114', 'G12.186'], ['G12.875.545.340'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.095.147.725.490', 'E04.210.650', 'E04.936.450.490', 'E04.936.580.490'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.581.500.653', 'N04.590.731'], ['G01.910.857'], ['M01.898'], ['N02.421.911'], ['Z01.107.567.875'], ['N04.452.095.738']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
[The diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis combined with chronic bronchitis in middle-aged and elderly subjects].
|
Investigation of patients 60 years of age and older with different clinical forms of pulmonary tuberculosis revealed chronic bronchitis in 76-80%, obstructive bronchitis--in 1/3 of all cases. The diagnosis of chronic bronchitis in most cases is established on the basis of clinico-roentgenological and functional examination and partially by fiber bronchoscopy. Chronic bronchitis essentially changes the semeiotics, exacerbates the course and worsens the outcome in tubercular patients with associated pathology.
|
['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Antitubercular Agents', 'Bronchitis', 'Bronchodilator Agents', 'Chronic Disease', 'Drug Therapy, Combination', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Methods', 'Middle Aged', 'Tuberculosis, Pulmonary']
| 2,617,985
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['D27.505.954.122.085.255'], ['C01.748.099', 'C08.127.446', 'C08.381.495.146', 'C08.730.099'], ['D27.505.696.663.050.110', 'D27.505.954.796.050.100'], ['C23.550.291.500'], ['E02.319.310'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.581'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C01.150.252.410.040.552.846.899', 'C01.748.939', 'C08.381.922', 'C08.730.939']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Resveratrol inhibits rat aortic vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation via estrogen receptor dependent nitric oxide production.
|
Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation is pivotal in the progression of hypertension, atherosclerosis, and restenosis. Resveratrol is a grape polyphenol that is implicated as an important contributor to red wine's vascular protective effects. Its antimitogenic action on VSMC is attributed to an array of pleiotropic effects, including modulation of the estrogen receptor (ER). To elucidate the mechanisms underlying resveratrol-mediated ER modulation and its inhibition of VSMC proliferation, we treated VSMC with resveratrol with or without the ER antagonist ICI 182,780 and measured cell proliferation and nitric oxide (NO) production. Resveratrol dose-dependently decreased VSMC DNA synthesis, with a half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 3.73+/-0.57 microM, and dramatically slowed cell growth, but did not induce VSMC apoptosis. Resveratrol-mediated decrease in proliferation was reversed by cotreatment with ICI 182,780, and resveratrol effectively competed with 17beta-estradiol for binding to the ER, exhibiting an IC50 of 8.92+/-0.14 microM. Resveratrol induced a sustained increase in ER-dependent NO production. Further, resveratrol-mediated decrease in VSMC proliferation was blunted by cotreatment with the general nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor N5-(1-Iminomethyl)-L-ornithine, dihydrochloride or with the inducible NOS (iNOS)-selective inhibitor S,S'-1,4-phenylene-bis (1,2-ethanediyl)bis-isothiourea, dihydrobromide, but not with the neuronal NOS-selective inhibitor 7-nitroindazole. Though resveratrol did not alter iNOS protein levels, it dose-dependently increased levels of iNOS activity, of the iNOS cofactor tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), and of guanosine triphosphate cyclohydrolase I protein, the rate-limiting enzyme in BH4 biosynthesis. In addition, all of these effects were abolished by cotreatment with ICI 182,780. Thus, the antimitogenic effects of resveratrol on VSMC may be mediated by an ER-induced increase in iNOS activity.
|
['Animals', 'Antioxidants', 'Aorta', 'Apoptosis', 'Biopterin', 'Cell Cycle', 'Cell Proliferation', 'DNA', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Female', 'Guanosine Triphosphate', 'Male', 'Muscle, Smooth, Vascular', 'Nitric Oxide', 'Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Receptors, Estrogen', 'Resveratrol', 'Stilbenes']
| 17,666,920
|
[['B01.050'], ['D27.505.519.217', 'D27.505.696.706.125', 'D27.720.799.047'], ['A07.015.114.056'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['D03.633.100.733.631.202', 'D08.211.090'], ['G04.144'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['D13.444.308'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['D03.633.100.759.646.454.504', 'D13.695.667.454.504', 'D13.695.827.426.504'], ['A02.633.570.491', 'A07.015.733.500', 'A10.690.467.491'], ['D01.339.387', 'D01.625.550.500', 'D01.625.700.500', 'D01.650.550.587.600'], ['D08.811.682.664.500.772.500', 'D12.776.157.687.575', 'D12.776.660.720.575'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['D12.776.826.750.350', 'D12.776.930.778.350'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.150.700.725.875', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.715.500'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.150.700']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
In vivo monitoring of pancreatic beta-cells in a transgenic mouse model.
|
We generated a transgenic mouse model (RIP-luc) for the in vivo monitoring of pancreatic islet mass and function in response to metabolic disease. Using the rat insulin promoter fused to firefly luciferase, and noninvasive technology to detect luciferase activity, we tracked changes in reporter signal during metabolic disease states and correlated the changes in luciferase signal with metabolic status of the mouse. Transgene expression was found to be specific to the pancreatic islets in this transgenic model. Basal transgene expression was tracked in male and female mice fed either a chow or a high-fat diet and in response to treatment with streptozotocin. Pancreatic bioluminescent signal increased in mice fed a high-fat diet compared with chow-fed animals. In a model of chemically induced diabetes, the bioluminescent signal decreased in accordance with the onset of diabetes and reduction of islet beta-cell number. Preliminary studies using islets transplanted from this transgenic model suggest that in vivo image analysis can also be used to monitor transplanted islet viability and survival in the host. This transgenic model is a useful tool for in vivo studies of pancreatic beta-cells and as a donor for islet transplantation studies.
|
['Animals', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental', 'Female', 'Genes, Reporter', 'Insulin', 'Insulin Secretion', 'Insulin-Secreting Cells', 'Luciferases', 'Luminescent Measurements', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Transgenic', 'Nuclear Proteins', 'Obesity', 'Promoter Regions, Genetic', 'Ribosomal Proteins']
| 16,954,020
|
[['B01.050'], ['C18.452.394.750.074', 'C19.246.240', 'E05.598.500.374'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.435'], ['D06.472.699.587.200.500.625', 'D12.644.548.586.200.500.625'], ['G03.442', 'G07.475'], ['A03.734.414.131', 'A06.300.414.087', 'A06.390.131', 'A11.382.625.092', 'A11.436.294.092'], ['D08.811.682.517', 'D12.776.532.510'], ['E05.196.712.516'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.136.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800'], ['D12.776.660'], ['C18.654.726.500', 'C23.888.144.699.500', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120.699.500', 'G07.100.100.160.120.699.500'], ['G02.111.570.080.689.675', 'G05.360.080.689.675', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.750.680'], ['D12.776.835']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Improvements in personal resiliency among youth who have completed trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy: A preliminary examination.
|
This preliminary investigation assessed whether different aspects of personal resiliency improved for youth (7-17 years old) impacted by child sexual abuse (CSA) after completing trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy (TF-CBT). The Resiliency Scales for Children and Adolescents (RSCA; Prince-Embury, 2007) were administered to 157 youth before and after participating in TF-CBT with their nonoffending caregivers. Hierarchal regression analyses were performed to ascertain whether pretest RSCA resiliency scores moderated decreases in the posttraumatic stress and self-reported depressive symptoms at posttreatment. The RSCA scales did not moderate any of the improvements on the PTSD and depression outcome measures. Paired t-tests between the mean pre- and posttest RSCA Sense of Mastery (MAS), Sense of Relatedness (REL), and Emotional Reactivity (REA) scores demonstrated significant (ps<0.001) improvements on these measures over time. Using residualized posttest scores for the three RSCA scales to assess improvement, significant correlations were found between changes in resiliency and various residualized outcome scores for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression measures. Decreases in the REA scores and increases in the MAS and REL scores were related to fewer symptoms of hypervigilance and less self-reported depression after completing TF-CBT. Only improvements in the REL scores were associated with fewer symptoms of re-experiencing after treatment. The results were discussed as indicating that significant improvements in personal resiliency had occurred over time with effect sizes less than those found for posttraumatic stress symptoms, but comparable to those found for self-reported depression reductions. Limitations and future research recommendations are discussed.
|
['Adolescent', 'Anxiety', 'Caregivers', 'Child', 'Child Abuse, Sexual', 'Cognitive Behavioral Therapy', 'Depression', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Outcome Assessment, Health Care', 'Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 28,161,655
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['F01.470.132'], ['M01.085', 'M01.526.485.200', 'N02.360.200'], ['M01.060.406'], ['I01.198.240.748.300', 'I01.198.240.856.350.250.255', 'I01.880.735.900.350.250.255'], ['F04.754.137.350'], ['F01.145.126.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['H01.770.644.145.431', 'N04.761.559.590', 'N05.715.360.575.575'], ['F03.950.750.500'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
[The cellular mechanism of action of gastrin on the corporal mucosa of the canine stomach. (2) Ca2+-activated, phospholipid-dependent protein kinase and phospholipid turnover--possible mediator of gastrin action].
|
The existence of Ca2+-activated, phospholipid-dependent protein kinase (protein kinase C), the effect of gastrin on phospholipid metabolism and guanylate cyclase activity were investigated to elucidate the cellular mechanism of action of gastrin on the corporal mucosa of the canine stomach. Protein kinase activity was determined by measuring the incorporation of [32P] into calf thymus H1-histone from [32P]-ATP. One unit of protein kinase was defined as the amount of enzyme which incorporated 1 pmol of phosphate from ATP into H1-histone. Protein kinase C was found in 100,000xg supernatant of homogenate fractionated by a DEAE-cellulose column chromatography. Characteristics of further purified protein kinase C, such as dependency on divalent cations and phospholipids, were in agreement with those of previously reported protein kinase C in other tissues. Furthermore, the gastric corporal mucosa was found to contain protein kinase C in large quantities. The specific activity of protein kinase C was 26,000 units/mg protein. The phospholipid metabolism was evaluated by the incorporation of [14C]-glycerol-3-phosphate and the change of the radioactivity of [32P] in individual phospholipids. Each phospholipid was extracted from the gastric corporal mucosa and isolated by thin layer chromatography. Guanylate cyclase activity was determined by measuring the cGMP produced, using radioimmunoassay. Gastrin significantly increased the incorporation of [14C]-glycerol-3-phosphate into phosphatidylethanolamine in the presence of acetylcholine (Ach). Ach increased the uptake of the tracer into phosphatidylinositol significantly, and the increase was enhanced by the simultaneous addition of gastrin. In the experiments with [32P]-labeled phospholipids, gastrin increased the incorporation of [32P] into phosphatidylethanolamine significantly. The significant increase of the radioactivity in phosphatidylinositol by Ach failed to be enhanced by gastrin, but that of phosphatidylethanolamine by Ach was enhanced by gastrin. No stimulation of guanylate cyclase activity by gastrin was detected in the dispersed gastric corporal mucosal cells. These results indicate that gastric corporal mucosa was one of the most abundant tissues in which protein kinase C was contained, when compared with various mammalian tissues previously reported by Minakuchi, Nishizuka, et al. Nishizuka et al, recently proposed the novel hypothesis that phosphatidylinositol turnover activated by cAMP-independent agonists will be essentially required to activate protein kinase C. Our results suggest that gastrin can provoke phospholipids turnover including phosphatidylinositol turnover in gastric corporal mucosa. Therefore, our data indicate the possibility that the protein kinase C system plays an important role in the cellular mechanism of action of gastrin on gastric corporal mucosa.
|
['Animals', 'Calcium', 'Dogs', 'Gastric Mucosa', 'Gastrins', 'Guanylate Cyclase', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Phospholipids', 'Protein Kinases']
| 6,137,423
|
[['B01.050'], ['D01.268.552.100', 'D01.552.539.288', 'D23.119.100'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.250.216.200'], ['A03.556.875.875.440', 'A10.615.550.291'], ['D06.472.317.413', 'D06.472.699.280', 'D12.644.400.320', 'D12.644.548.280', 'D12.776.631.650.320'], ['D08.811.520.650.600', 'D12.644.360.350', 'D12.776.476.350'], ['E05.481'], ['D10.570.755'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Modeling HIV quasispecies evolutionary dynamics.
|
BACKGROUND: During the HIV infection several quasispecies of the virus arise, which are able to use different coreceptors, in particular the CCR5 and CXCR4 coreceptors (R5 and X4 phenotypes, respectively). The switch in coreceptor usage has been correlated with a faster progression of the disease to the AIDS phase. As several pharmaceutical companies are starting large phase III trials for R5 and X4 drugs, models are needed to predict the co-evolutionary and competitive dynamics of virus strains.RESULTS: We present a model of HIV early infection which describes the dynamics of R5 quasispecies and a model of HIV late infection which describes the R5 to X4 switch. We report the following findings: after superinfection (multiple infections at different times) or coinfection (simultaneous infection by different strains), quasispecies dynamics has time scales of several months and becomes even slower at low number of CD4+ T cells. Phylogenetic inference of chemokine receptors suggests that viral mutational pathway may generate a large variety of R5 variants able to interact with chemokine receptors different from CXCR4. The decrease of CD4+ T cells, during AIDS late stage, can be described taking into account the X4-related Tumor Necrosis Factor dynamics.CONCLUSION: The results of this study bridge the gap between the within-patient and the inter-patients (i.e. world-wide) evolutionary processes during HIV infection and may represent a framework relevant for modeling vaccination and therapy.
|
['Antigenic Variation', 'Evolution, Molecular', 'HIV Antigens', 'HIV Infections', 'HIV-1', 'Humans', 'Likelihood Functions', 'Models, Biological', 'Mutation', 'Phenotype', 'Phylogeny', 'Receptors, CCR5', 'Receptors, CXCR4', 'Superinfection', 'T-Lymphocytes', 'Time Factors']
| 17,767,733
|
[['G05.365.073', 'G12.500.249'], ['G05.045.250', 'G16.075.250'], ['D23.050.327.520'], ['C01.221.250.875', 'C01.221.812.640.400', 'C01.778.640.400', 'C01.925.782.815.616.400', 'C01.925.813.400', 'C20.673.480'], ['B04.820.650.589.650.350.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.740.500.475', 'E05.318.740.600.400', 'E05.599.835.500', 'N05.715.360.750.530.450', 'N05.715.360.750.625.450', 'N06.850.520.830.500.475', 'N06.850.520.830.600.400'], ['E05.599.395'], ['G05.365.590'], ['G05.695'], ['G05.697', 'G16.075.605', 'L01.100.697'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.160.150.500', 'D12.776.543.750.705.852.125.150.500', 'D12.776.543.750.830.700.605'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.160.500.400', 'D12.776.543.750.705.852.125.500.400', 'D12.776.543.750.830.700.650'], ['C01.597.880', 'C01.610.684.880', 'C01.925.597.880'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.569', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Unidirectional P-body transport during the yeast cell cycle.
|
P-bodies belong to a large family of RNA granules that are associated with post-transcriptional gene regulation, conserved from yeast to mammals, and influence biological processes ranging from germ cell development to neuronal plasticity. RNA granules can also transport RNAs to specific locations. Germ granules transport maternal RNAs to the embryo, and neuronal granules transport RNAs long distances to the synaptic dendrites. Here we combine microfluidic-based fluorescent microscopy of single cells and automated image analysis to follow p-body dynamics during cell division in yeast. Our results demonstrate that these highly dynamic granules undergo a unidirectional transport from the mother to the daughter cell during mitosis as well as a constrained "hovering" near the bud site half an hour before the bud is observable. Both behaviors are dependent on the Myo4p/She2p RNA transport machinery. Furthermore, single cell analysis of cell size suggests that PBs play an important role in daughter cell growth under nutrient limiting conditions.
|
['Biological Transport', 'Cell Cycle', 'Cytoplasmic Granules', 'Microfluidics', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae']
| 24,918,601
|
[['G03.143'], ['G04.144'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.500', 'A11.284.430.214.190.875.190.190'], ['E05.830.666', 'H01.671.808.500', 'J01.897.520.500.500'], ['B01.300.107.795.785.800', 'B01.300.930.705.655']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Comparisons of Waist Circumference Measurements at Five Different Anatomical Sites in Chinese Children.
|
This study compared the waist circumference (WC) measurements of Chinese children at different sites to determine the relationship between WC measurements and body fat. WC was measured at five sites in 255 subjects aged 9-19 years: immediately below the lowest rib (WC1), at the narrowest waist (WC2), the midpoint between the lowest rib and the iliac crest (WC3), 1 cm above the umbilicus (WC4), and immediately above the iliac crest (WC5). Body fat mass (FM), body fat percentage (% BF), body fat mass in the trunk (FM in the trunk), and fat percentage in the trunk (% BF in the trunk) were determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. The WCs were then compared through ANOVA with repeated measurement. The relationship of WC of each site with FM, % BF, FM in the trunk, and % BF in the trunk was examined through partial correlation. The WCs exhibited the following pattern: WC2 < WC1 < WC3 < WC4 < WC5 (p < 0.001) in males and WC2 < WC1 < WC4, WC3 < WC5 (p < 0.001) in females. The measured WCs were strongly correlated with FM, % BF, FM in the trunk, and % BF in the trunk. The WC measurements at five commonly used sites among Chinese children are different from one another. Results indicate that standardizing the anatomic point for the WC measurements is necessary.
|
['Absorptiometry, Photon', 'Adiposity', 'Adolescent', 'Age Factors', 'Analysis of Variance', 'Anthropometry', 'Body Composition', 'Body Mass Index', 'Child', 'China', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Risk Factors', 'Waist Circumference', 'Young Adult']
| 28,261,614
|
[['E01.370.350.700.024', 'E05.196.712.224.187'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.062.500', 'G02.111.130.134.500', 'G03.180.134.500', 'G07.100.049.134.500'], ['M01.060.057'], ['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['E05.318.740.150', 'N05.715.360.750.125', 'N06.850.520.830.150'], ['E01.370.600.024', 'E05.041', 'N06.850.505.200.100'], ['G02.111.130', 'G03.180', 'G07.100.049'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.125', 'E05.041.124.125', 'G07.100.100.125', 'N06.850.505.200.100.175'], ['M01.060.406'], ['Z01.252.474.164'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.160.560', 'E05.041.124.160.875', 'G07.100.100.160.560'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Inauguration of pediatric neurosurgery by Harvey W. Cushing: his contributions to the surgery of posterior fossa tumors in children. Historical vignette.
|
Development of posterior fossa surgery remains Harvey Cushing's hallmark contribution to pediatric neurosurgery. During the era before Cushing, posterior fossa lesions were considered inoperable, and only osseous decompressive surgery was offered. The evolution of Cushing's surgical expertise from subtemporal decompressions to total extirpation of vascular fourth ventricular tumors, combined with a dramatic decrease in his operative mortality rate, reflects the maturation of modern neurosurgical techniques. A comprehensive review of the medical records of Cushing's pediatric patients treated between 1912 and 1932 revealed that procedures such as lateral ventricular puncture (to decrease cerebellar herniation), transvermian approach to midline tumors, and electrocoagulation were the key factors punctuating the path to his pioneering achievements in posterior fossa surgery. The outcome of such operations was improved by his recognition of the importance of tumor mural nodule in cyst recurrence, as well as elucidation of the histogenesis of pediatric posterior fossa tumors to tailor treatment including radiotherapy.
|
['Adolescent', 'Cerebellar Neoplasms', 'Cerebral Ventricle Neoplasms', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Cranial Fossa, Posterior', 'Craniotomy', 'Decompression, Surgical', 'Electrocoagulation', 'England', 'Fourth Ventricle', 'History, 20th Century', 'Humans', 'Infant']
| 14,758,958
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['C04.588.614.250.195.411.211', 'C10.228.140.211.500.200', 'C10.228.140.252.200', 'C10.551.240.250.400.300'], ['C04.588.614.250.195.205', 'C10.228.140.211.280', 'C10.551.240.250.200'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['A01.456.830.200', 'A02.835.232.781.750.400'], ['E04.525.190'], ['E04.188'], ['E02.154.402', 'E04.014.170.402'], ['Z01.542.363.300'], ['A08.186.211.140.500'], ['K01.400.504.968'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
|
Inhibitory effect and molecular mechanism of mesenchymal stem cells on NSCLC cells.
|
Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is still the main threat of cancer-associated death. Current treatment of NSCLC has limited effectiveness, and unfortunately, the prognosis of NSCLC remains poor. Therefore, a novel strategy for cancer therapy is urgently needed. Stem cell therapy has significant potential for cancer treatment. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) with capacity for self-renewal and differentiation into various cells types exhibit the feature of homing to tumor site and immunosuppression, have been explored as a new treatment for various cancers. Studies revealed that the broad repertoire of trophic factors secreted by MSCs extensively involved in the interplay between MSCs and tumor cells. In this study, we confirmed that MSCs do have the paracrine effect on proliferation and migration of NSCLC cells (A549, NCI-H460, and SK-MES-1). Co-culture system and conditioned medium experiments results showed that soluble factors secreted by MSCs inhibited the proliferation of NSCLC cells in vitro. The scratch assay showed that conditioned medium of MSCs could suppress the migration of NSCLC cells in vitro. Western blot results showed that the expression of proteins relevant to cell proliferation, anti-apoptosis, and migration was remarkably decreased via MAPK/eIF4E signaling pathway. We speculated that soluble factors secreted by MSCs might be responsible for inhibitory mechanism of NSCLC cells. By Human Gene Expression Microarray Assay and recombinant Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor 165 (VEGF165) neutralizing experiment, we verified that VEGF might be responsible for the down-regulation of proteins related to cell proliferation, anti-apoptosis, and migration by suppressing translation initiation factor eIF4E via MAPK signaling pathway. Taken together, our study demonstrated that a possible trophic factor secreted by MSCs could manipulate translation initiation of NSCLC cells via MAPK signaling pathway, and significantly affect the fate of tumor cells, which will be a new strategy for cancer therapy.
|
['A549 Cells', 'Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung', 'Cell Movement', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Coculture Techniques', 'HEK293 Cells', 'Humans', 'Lung Neoplasms', 'MAP Kinase Signaling System', 'Mesenchymal Stem Cells', 'Paracrine Communication']
| 28,887,716
|
[['A11.251.210.190.080', 'A11.251.860.180.080', 'A11.436.054'], ['C04.588.894.797.520.109.220.249', 'C08.381.540.140.500', 'C08.785.520.100.220.500'], ['G04.198', 'G07.568.500.180'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['E05.481.500.374'], ['A11.251.210.172.750', 'A11.436.334'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.588.894.797.520', 'C08.381.540', 'C08.785.520'], ['G02.111.820.560', 'G03.493.560', 'G04.835.560'], ['A11.329.830.500', 'A11.872.590.500'], ['G04.085.600']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The fan effect in fMRI: left hemisphere specialization in verbal working memory.
|
We studied the fan effect of verbal working memory using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Participants were presented with a sentence-pair matching task that described semantic relationships (e.g. classroom-school). Working memory load and semantic processing were manipulated by increasing the number of sentences to be remembered and varying whether they matched expectation. Increased working memory load elicited activation in left dorsal frontal and left inferior parietal regions, and also delayed the hemodynamic responses. Convergent results from semantic matches occurred in the left parietal lobe, whereas, left ventral frontal activation from mismatches diverged from working memory results. The findings were consistent with behavioural and electrophysiological evidence, with the fan effect in fMRI providing novel insight into the spatiotemporal nature of verbal working memory in the left hemisphere.
|
['Adult', 'Analysis of Variance', 'Brain Mapping', 'Cerebral Cortex', 'Female', 'Functional Laterality', 'Humans', 'Image Processing, Computer-Assisted', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Memory, Short-Term', 'Oxygen', 'Photic Stimulation', 'Semantics', 'Serial Learning', 'Verbal Learning', 'Word Association Tests']
| 15,305,123
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E05.318.740.150', 'N05.715.360.750.125', 'N06.850.520.830.150'], ['E01.370.350.578.875.500', 'E01.370.376.537.625.500', 'E05.629.875.500'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500'], ['F02.830.297.425', 'G11.561.225.425'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.224.308'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['F02.463.425.540.407'], ['D01.268.185.550', 'D01.362.670'], ['E05.723.729'], ['L01.559.598.745'], ['F02.463.425.952.747'], ['F02.463.425.952'], ['F04.711.647.905']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Nerve-sparing class III radical hysterectomy: a modified technique to spare the pelvic autonomic nerves without compromising radicality.
|
The objectives were to describe our nerve-sparing class III radical hysterectomy technique and assess the feasibility and safety of the procedure as well as its impact on voiding function. From January to August 2005, 21 consecutive patients with FIGO stage IB-IIA cervical cancer and 1 patient with clinical stage II endometrial cancer underwent nerve-sparing radical hysterectomy with systematic pelvic lymphadenectomy. The transurethral catheter was removed on the seventh postoperative day. Then intermittent self-catheterization was performed and post-void residual urine volume (PVR) was recorded. The nerve-sparing procedure was completed successfully and safely in all of the patients. Eight (36%) and 6 (27%) patients had the PVR of < 100 ml and < 50 ml respectively at the initial removal of the catheter. On the fourteenth day, 82% and 77% of the patients had the PVR of < 100 ml and < 50 ml, respectively. The mean duration before the PVR became < 50 ml was 11.27 (5-26) days. In conclusion, the technique described in this preliminary study appears safe, adequate, and feasible in our population with satisfactory recovery of voiding function. A larger comparative study is needed on long-term urinary, bowel, and sexual function as well as recurrence and survival.
|
['Adult', 'Autonomic Nervous System', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hysterectomy', 'Middle Aged', 'Pelvis', 'Uterine Cervical Neoplasms']
| 16,884,390
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['A08.800.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E04.950.300.399'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['A01.923.600'], ['C04.588.945.418.948.850', 'C13.351.500.852.593.131', 'C13.351.500.852.762.850', 'C13.351.937.418.875.850']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Transformation of synthetic pyrethroid insecticides by a thermophilic Bacillus sp.
|
Employing a mineral salts medium containing Tween 80 as the primary carbon source, a strain of Bacillus stearothermophilus was isolated which was able to hydrolyse selected second and third-generation pyrethroids to non-insecticidal products. Of a range of pyrethroid insecticides the trans-isomer of permethrin was the most readily transformed by this microbial isolate, whilst flumethrin was the least. 3-Phenoxybenzoic acid and the respective halovinyl or haloacid moieties were detected as the major hydrolytic products of the pyrethroids. It is believed that 3-phenoxybenzoic acid was formed from 3-phenoxybenzyl alcohol which was not however detected as an intermediate in these systems. 3-Phenoxybenzoic acid was further transformed to 4-hydroxy-3-phenoxybenzoic acid. A potential metabolic pathway has been described.
|
['Benzoates', 'Geobacillus stearothermophilus', 'Pyrethrins']
| 1,417,418
|
[['D02.241.223.100', 'D02.455.426.559.389.127'], ['B03.300.390.400.158.400.400', 'B03.353.500.100.400.400', 'B03.510.100.100.400.400', 'B03.510.415.400.158.400.400', 'B03.510.460.410.158.400.400'], ['D02.455.849.575.188.750']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Willingness to pay for policies to reduce future deaths from climate change: evidence from a British survey.
|
OBJECTIVES: Without urgent action, climate change will put the health of future populations at risk. Policies to reduce these risks require support from today's populations; however, there are few studies assessing public support for such policies. Willingness to pay (WtP), a measure of the maximum a person is prepared to pay for a defined benefit, is widely used to assess public support for policies. We used WtP to investigate whether there is public support to reduce future health risks from climate change and if individual and contextual factors affect WtP, including perceptions of the seriousness of the impacts of climate change.STUDY DESIGN: A cross-sectional British survey.METHODS: Questions about people's WtP for policies to reduce future climate change-related deaths and their perceptions of the seriousness of climate change impacts were included in a British survey of adults aged 16 years and over (n=1859). We used contingent valuation, a survey-based method for eliciting WtP for outcomes like health which do not have a direct market value.RESULTS: The majority (61%) were willing to pay to reduce future increases in climate change-related deaths in Britain. Those regarding climate change impacts as not at all serious were less willing to pay than those regarding the impacts as extremely serious (OR 0.04, 95% CI 0.02-0.09). Income was also related to WtP; the highest-income group were twice as likely to be willing to pay as the lowest-income group (OR 2.14, 95% CI 1.40-3.29).CONCLUSIONS: There was public support for policies to address future health impacts of climate change; the level of support varied with people's perceptions of the seriousness of these impacts and their financial circumstances. Our study adds to evidence that health, including the health of future populations, is an outcome that people value and suggests that framing climate change around such values may help to accelerate action.
|
['Adult', 'Climate Change', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Female', 'Forecasting', 'Health Policy', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Public Health', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'United Kingdom']
| 31,326,760
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['G16.500.175.374'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['I01.320'], ['I01.655.500.608.400', 'I01.880.604.825.608.400', 'N03.623.500.608.428'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['H02.403.720', 'N01.400.550', 'N06.850'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['Z01.542.363']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
[Oscillations of the internal ear basilar membrane in the sonic and ultrasonic range from the data of mathematical analysis of the hydrodynamic model of the cochlea].
|
Results are presented of plotting a dimeric mathematical model of human internal ear cochlea with allowance for the dependence of the basilar membrane mass on the length of its region between the registered point and the labyrinth wall of the threshold window region. Investigations carried out on such a model by means of a computer permitted calculation of the location of the rounding curve maximum point of the displacement waves of the basilar membrane for the frequencies of 0.05-95 kHz included. An analysis of the rounding waves of the sonic and ultrasonic range showed that although above 20 kHz the curves maximum acquires slured contours, it is well enough pronounced up to 75 kHz. The results obtained suggest adequate effect of ultrasounds on the internal ear and analogy of mechanical reaction of human cochlea to sonic and ultrasonic stimulation.
|
['Acoustic Stimulation', 'Basilar Membrane', 'Cochlea', 'Humans', 'Mathematics', 'Models, Theoretical', 'Ultrasonics']
| 2,346,755
|
[['E02.037', 'E02.190.888.030', 'E05.723.136'], ['A09.246.300.246.125', 'A10.615.179.124'], ['A09.246.300.246'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['H01.548'], ['E05.599'], ['H01.671.031.849']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Using neural networks to identify patients unlikely to achieve a reduction in bodily pain after total hip replacement surgery.
|
OBJECTIVES: Fourteen patient-provided variables were chosen as potential predictors for improvement after total hip replacement surgery. These variables included patient demographic information, as well as preoperative physical function.METHODS: A neural network was trained to predict the relative success of total hip replacement surgery using this presurgical patient survey information. The outcome measure was improvement in the Medical Outcomes Study 36 Short Form Health Survey pain score between the preoperative assessment and the 1-year postoperative assessment. For the study sample, 221 patients were selected who had complete information for the composite outcome variable. A backpropagation feedforward neural network was trained to predict the output variable using the jackknife method.RESULTS: Performance of the neural network was assessed by calculating the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for the network's ability to predict whether the pain score was improved after total hip replacement surgery. The observed area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.79. For comparison, a linear regression model built using the same data had a receiver operating characteristic area of 0.74 (P = 0.23).CONCLUSIONS: This research therefore showed the ability of neural networks to predict the success of total hip replacement more accurately. Our results further indicate that it may be possible to predict which patients are at greatest risk of a poor outcome.
|
['Activities of Daily Living', 'Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Hip Joint', 'Humans', 'Linear Models', 'Male', 'Medicare', 'Middle Aged', 'Neural Networks, Computer', 'Outcome Assessment, Health Care', 'Pain', 'Pain Measurement', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Risk Factors', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'United States']
| 9,338,528
|
[['E02.760.169.063.500.067', 'E02.831.067', 'I03.050', 'N02.421.784.110'], ['E04.555.110.110.110', 'E04.650.110.110', 'E04.680.101.110.110'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['A02.835.583.411'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.740.500.500', 'E05.318.740.750.425', 'E05.599.835.750', 'N05.715.360.750.530.460', 'N05.715.360.750.695.460', 'N06.850.520.830.500.500', 'N06.850.520.830.750.425'], ['N03.219.521.346.506.564.663', 'N03.219.521.576.343.840', 'N03.706.615.696'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G17.485', 'L01.224.050.375.605'], ['H01.770.644.145.431', 'N04.761.559.590', 'N05.715.360.575.575'], ['C23.888.592.612', 'F02.830.816.444', 'G11.561.790.444'], ['E01.370.600.550.324'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
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| 1
|
Nuclear localization signals of varicella zoster virus ORF4.
|
The varicella zoster virus (VZV) ORF4 protein, one of immediate-early genes protein, is associated with the tegument in purified virions. ORF4 protein functions at both transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels, present during different phase of whole VZV life cycle. ORF4 protein acts as a nucleocytoplasm shuttle protein, the precise nuclear location signals (NLS) and molecular mechanisms of nucleocytoplasm transport are not elucidated. At this study, we constructed a series of mutants, used fluorescence microscopy and Co-IP analysis to identify an unconventional bipartite NLS ((130)RKHRDRSLSNRRRRP(144)) in VZV ORF4. This study also demonstrates that nuclear import of VZV ORF4 occurs via a Ran-dependent pathway with importin-á5 and importin-â1. Additionally, NLS function of ORF4 is independent from VZV ORF62 protein. ORF62 protein cannot influence the intracellular distribution of ORF4 protein without NLS. So interaction between ORF4 and ORF62 protein is speculated to occur in nucleus. Thus, NLS is indispensable for the post-transcriptional function of ORF4.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Base Sequence', 'DNA Primers', 'HEK293 Cells', 'Herpesvirus 3, Human', 'Humans', 'Microscopy, Fluorescence', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Nuclear Localization Signals', 'Open Reading Frames', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Protein Transport', 'RNA Processing, Post-Transcriptional', 'Transcription, Genetic', 'Viral Proteins']
| 24,398,930
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['D13.695.578.424.450.275', 'D27.720.470.530.600.223.600'], ['A11.251.210.172.750', 'A11.436.334'], ['B04.280.382.100.900.460'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.515.458', 'E05.595.458'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['D12.644.770.610', 'G02.111.570.060.670.610'], ['G05.360.335.760.640', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.650'], ['E05.393.620.500'], ['G03.143.700'], ['G02.111.760', 'G03.839', 'G05.308.700'], ['G02.111.873', 'G05.297.700'], ['D12.776.964']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Working towards the development of innovative ultrasound equipment for the extraction of virgin olive oil.
|
Malaxation has been recognized as one of the most critical points in the mechanical extraction process for virgin olive oil (VOO). It is a low and continuous kneading of olive paste at a carefully monitored temperature. Through this essential technological operation the small droplets of the oil formed during the milling merge into large drops that can be easily separated with a decanter centrifuge. During this technological phase, a complex and necessary bioprocess takes place in order to determine the quality and composition of the final product. The malaxer is a heat exchanger characterized by a low overall heat transfer coefficient because the ratio of surface area to volume is disadvantageous, so it is important to find an innovative technology to improve heat-exchange. As matter of fact, the malaxing step is the only discontinuous phase in a continuous extraction process. In the next future, the essential challenge of VOO industrial plant manufacturing sector is to design and build advanced machines in order to transform the discontinuous malaxing step in a continuous phase and improve the working capacity of the industrial plants. In order to reduce the malaxing time enhancing the quality of the product, two ultrasound-assisted virgin olive oil extraction processes were tested against the traditional method. The sonication treatment was applied on olives submerged in a water bath (before the crushing) and on olive paste (after the crushing). The ultrasound technology provides a reduction of the malaxing duration improving VOO yields and its minor compounds content. Better extractibility and higher minor compounds contents were obtained by sonicating the olives submerged in a water bath than olive paste. After experimental trials the results were employed to suggest innovative scaling up solutions of the process and new applications of ultrasounds in the VOO industry.
|
['Fruit', 'Olea', 'Olive Oil', 'Plant Oils', 'Sonication']
| 23,538,120
|
[['A18.024.500', 'G07.203.300.562', 'J02.500.562'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.583.640.666'], ['D10.212.302.380.580', 'D10.212.507.650', 'D10.627.700.728', 'G07.203.300.375.400.500', 'J02.500.375.400.500'], ['D10.627.700', 'D20.215.784.750'], ['E05.848']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Cardiomyopathy in offspring of diabetic rats is associated with activation of the MAPK and apoptotic pathways.
|
BACKGROUND: Maternal diabetes affects the developing fetal cardiovascular system. Newborn offspring of diabetic mothers can have a transient cardiomyopathy. We hypothesized that cardiomyopathic remodeling is associated with activation of the mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling and apoptotic pathways.METHODS: To evaluate the effects of moderate and severe maternal hyperglycemia, pregnant rats were made diabetic with an injection of 50 mg/kg of streptozotocin. Moderately well controlled maternal diabetes was achieved with twice daily glucose checks and insulin injections. No insulin was given to severely diabetic dams. Offspring of moderate and severe diabetic mothers (OMDM and MSDM, respectively) were studied on postnatal days 1 (NB1) and 21 (NB21). Echocardiograms were performed to evaluate left ventricular (LV) dimensions and function. Myocardial MAPK and apoptotic protein levels were measured by Western blot.RESULTS: OMDM had increased cardiac mass at NB1 compared to controls that normalized at NB21. OSDM demonstrated microsomia with relative sparing of cardiac mass and a dilated cardiomyopathy at NB1. In both models, there was a persistent increase in the HW:BW and significant activation of MAPK and apoptotic pathways at NB21.CONCLUSION: The degree of maternal hyperglycemia determines the type of cardiomyopathy seen in the offspring, while resolution of both the hypertrophic and dilated cardiomyopathies is associated with activation of MAPK signaling and apoptotic pathways.
|
['Animals', 'Animals, Newborn', 'Apoptosis', 'Cardiomyopathy, Dilated', 'Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic', 'Caspases', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental', 'Enzyme Activation', 'Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases', 'Female', 'Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular', 'Insulin', 'JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases', 'MAP Kinase Signaling System', 'Phosphoproteins', 'Pregnancy', 'Pregnancy in Diabetics', 'Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Remission, Spontaneous', 'Ventricular Remodeling']
| 19,646,268
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.050.282'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['C14.280.195.160', 'C14.280.238.070', 'C16.320.488.750'], ['C14.280.238.100', 'C14.280.484.048.750.070.160'], ['D08.811.277.656.262.500.126', 'D08.811.277.656.300.200.126', 'D12.644.360.075.405', 'D12.776.476.075.405'], ['C18.452.394.750.074', 'C19.246.240', 'E05.598.500.374'], ['G02.111.263', 'G03.328'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.567.249', 'D12.644.360.450.169', 'D12.776.476.450.169'], ['C14.280.195.400', 'C23.300.775.250.400'], ['D06.472.699.587.200.500.625', 'D12.644.548.586.200.500.625'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.567.374', 'D12.644.360.450.340', 'D12.776.476.450.340'], ['G02.111.820.560', 'G03.493.560', 'G04.835.560'], ['D12.776.744'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['C13.703.726'], ['C13.703.824.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['C23.550.291.656.700', 'G16.767'], ['C23.300.985', 'G09.330.955.975']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Interactions between paraquat and ferric complexes in the microsomal generation of oxygen radicals.
|
Transition metals may play a central role in the toxicity associated with paraquat. Studies were carried out to evaluate the interaction of paraquat with several ferric complexes in the promotion of oxygen radical generation by rat liver microsomes. In the absence of added iron, paraquat produced some increase in low level chemiluminescence by microsomes; there was a synergistic increase in light emission in the presence of paraquat plus ferric-ATP or ferric-citrate, but not paraquat plus either ferric-EDTA or ferric-diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (ferric-DETAPAC). Synergistic interactions could be observed at a paraquat concentration of 100 microM and a ferric-ATP concentration of 3 microM. In the absence or presence of paraquat, microsomal light emission was not affected by catalase or dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), indicating no significant role for hydroxyl radicals. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) did not affect chemiluminescence in the absence of paraquat but produced some inhibition in the presence of paraquat; this inhibition by SOD was most prominent in the absence of added iron and less pronounced in the presence of ferric-ATP or ferric-citrate. Although microsomal chemiluminescence is closely associated with lipid peroxidation, paraquat did not increase malondialdehyde production as reflected by production of thiobarbituric acid-reactive components. However, lipid peroxidation was sensitive to inhibition by SOD in the presence, but not in the absence, of paraquat, analogous to results with chemiluminescence. Paraquat synergistically increased microsomal hydroxyl radical production as measured by the production of ethylene from 2-keto-4-thiomethylbutyrate in the presence of ferric-EDTA or ferric-citrate. The interaction of paraquat with microsomes and ferric complexes resulted in an increase in oxygen radical generation. Various ferric complexes can increase the catalytic effectiveness of paraquat in promoting microsomal generation of oxygen radicals, although, depending on the reaction being investigated, the nature of the ferric complex is important.
|
['Animals', 'Ferric Compounds', 'Free Radicals', 'Hydroxides', 'Hydroxyl Radical', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Lipid Peroxidation', 'Luminescent Measurements', 'Male', 'Microsomes, Liver', 'NADP', 'Oxygen', 'Paraquat', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Strains']
| 2,550,014
|
[['B01.050'], ['D01.490.100'], ['D01.339', 'D02.389'], ['D01.045.250', 'D01.248.497.158.459'], ['D01.045.250.357', 'D01.248.497.158.459.300', 'D01.339.431.249'], ['E05.481'], ['G02.111.515', 'G03.295.531.587'], ['E05.196.712.516'], ['A11.284.835.540.541'], ['D03.633.100.759.646.138.749', 'D08.211.625', 'D13.695.667.138.749', 'D13.695.827.068.749'], ['D01.268.185.550', 'D01.362.670'], ['D03.383.725.762.621'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Prevalence and age distribution of human papillomavirus infection in a population of Inuit women in Nunavik, Quebec.
|
OBJECTIVES: Our aim was to study the prevalence and age distribution of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection among Inuit women in Nunavik, northern Quebec, a population at high risk of cervical cancer.METHODS: We recruited a cohort of Inuit women seeking routine care and living primarily in four communities of the Nunavik region. Pap smears were done and cervical specimens were tested for HPV-DNA using the PGMY-Line blot assay.RESULTS: From January 2002 until December 2007, 629 women were recruited into the study and had their cervical specimens tested. Of 554 women with complete results, the overall and high-risk HPV prevalence were 28.9% and 20.4%, respectively. Multiple-type infections were observed in 40% of HPV-positive subjects. The most common HPV type was HPV-16 (n = 31), and other common high-risk types included HPV-31, HPV-58, and HPV-52. The most prevalent papillomavirus species were alpha-9 (60% of infections), alpha-3 (44%), and alpha-7 (31%). Age-specific prevalence of low-risk HPV, high-risk HPV, and overall HPV showed a U-shaped curve. Of women with baseline cytology, 6.5% had an abnormal result, either atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance, low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL), or high-grade intraepithelial lesion (HSIL). HPV-16, HPV-31, and HPV-58 were some of the most common high-risk types detected in both LSIL and HSIL specimens.CONCLUSIONS: Overall and high-risk HPV prevalence was elevated in this population of Quebec Inuit women when compared with other populations that have been studied in Canada. Different HPV types seem to be important as contributors to the overall burden of infection and to the presence of cervical abnormalities, which may have implications for developing cervical screening and vaccination programs.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Age Distribution', 'Aged', 'DNA, Viral', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Inuits', 'Middle Aged', 'Papanicolaou Test', 'Papillomavirus Infections', 'Prevalence', 'Prospective Studies', 'Quebec', 'Uterine Cervical Diseases', 'Vaginal Smears']
| 18,990,756
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['I01.240.050', 'N01.224.033', 'N06.850.505.400.050'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D13.444.308.568'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.686.508.150.600.375.500', 'M01.686.508.150.675', 'M01.686.754.254.500.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.370.225.500.384.100.422', 'E01.370.225.998.054.422', 'E04.074.422', 'E05.200.500.384.100.422', 'E05.200.998.054.422', 'E05.242.384.100.422'], ['C01.925.256.650', 'C01.925.928.725'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['Z01.107.567.176.791'], ['C13.351.500.852.593'], ['E01.370.225.500.384.100.800', 'E01.370.225.998.054.800', 'E01.370.378.900', 'E04.074.800', 'E05.200.500.384.100.800', 'E05.200.998.054.800', 'E05.242.384.100.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Contrast echocardiography improves the accuracy and reproducibility of left ventricular remodeling measurements: a prospective, randomly assigned, blinded study.
|
OBJECTIVES: We sought to assess the impact of contrast injection and harmonic imaging, on the measure by echocardiography of left ventricular (LV) remodeling.BACKGROUND: Left ventricular remodeling is a precursor of LV dysfunction, but the impact of contrast injection and harmonic imaging on the accuracy or reproducibility of echocardiography is unclear.METHODS: We prospectively collected LV images by using simultaneous methods. Then, LV volumes were measured off-line, in blinded manner and in random order. The accuracy of echocardiography was determined in comparison to electron beam computed tomography (EBCT) in 26 patients. The reproducibility of echocardiography was assessed by three blinded observers with different training levels in 32 patients.RESULTS: End-diastolic volume (EDV), end-systolic volume (ESV), stroke volume (SV) and ejection fraction (EF), as measured by EBCT (195 +/- 55, 58 +/- 24 and 137 +/- 35 ml and 71 +/- 5%, respectively) and echocardiography with harmonic imaging and contrast injection (194 +/- 51, 55 +/- 20 and 140 +/- 35 ml and 72 +/- 4%, respectively), showed no differences (all p > 0.15) and excellent correlations (all r > 0.87). In contrast, echocardiography using harmonic imaging without contrast injection underestimated the EBCT results (all p < 0.01). Reproducibility was superior with rather than without contrast injection for intraobserver and interobserver variabilities (all p < 0.001). Values measured by different observers were different without contrast injection, but were similar with contrast injection (all p > 0.18). Consequently, intrinsic patient differences represented a larger and almost exclusive proportion of global variability with contrast injection for EDV (94 vs. 79%), ESV (93 vs. 82%), SV (87 vs. 53%) and EF (84 vs. 41%), as compared with harmonic imaging without contrast injection (all p < 0.005).CONCLUSIONS: For assessment of LV remodeling, echocardiography with harmonic imaging and contrast injection improved the accuracy and reproducibility, as compared with imaging without contrast injection. With contrast injection, variability was almost exclusively due to intrinsic patient differences. Therefore, when evaluation of LV remodeling is deemed important, assessment after contrast injection should be the preferred echocardiographic approach.
|
['Aged', 'Albumins', 'Contrast Media', 'Echocardiography, Doppler', 'Female', 'Fluorocarbons', 'Humans', 'Image Enhancement', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Observer Variation', 'Prospective Studies', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Stroke Volume', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed', 'Ventricular Function, Left', 'Ventricular Remodeling']
| 11,527,647
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['D12.776.034'], ['D27.505.259.500', 'D27.720.259'], ['E01.370.350.130.750.220', 'E01.370.350.850.220.220', 'E01.370.350.850.850.220', 'E01.370.370.380.220.220'], ['D02.455.526.510.435'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.600.350', 'L01.224.308.380'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.354.753', 'N02.421.450.600', 'N05.715.350.150.675', 'N06.850.490.500.250'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['E01.370.370.380.150.700', 'G09.330.380.124.882'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810'], ['G09.330.955.800'], ['C23.300.985', 'G09.330.955.975']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
The effects of acute alcohol consumption and eccentric muscle damage on neuromuscular function.
|
Voluntary and electrically stimulated muscular performance was examined to identify the effects of acute alcohol consumption on neuromuscular function in the presence and absence of exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD). After initial neuromuscular performance measures were made, 12 subjects completed a bout of eccentric exercise (EX) using the quadriceps muscles of 1 leg while the remaining 11 subjects did not exercise (NX). Subjects then consumed either an alcoholic beverage containing 1 g·kg(-1) body weight (ALC) or a nonalcoholic beverage (OJ). On another occasion the contralateral leg of both groups was tested and those in the EX group performed an equivalent bout of eccentric exercise after which the other beverage was consumed. Measurements of neuromuscular function were made pre-exercise and 36 and 60 h post-beverage consumption. Creatine kinase (CK) was measured pre-exercise and at 12, 36, and 60 h. Significantly greater (p < 0.01) decrements in maximal voluntary isometric contraction were observed with EX ALC at 36 and 60 h compared with EX OJ, and no change was seen in the NX group. Significant decreases in voluntary activation were observed at 36 h (p = 0.003) and 60 h (p = 0.01) with EX ALC only. Elevations in CK were observed at all posteccentric exercise time points (all p < 0.05) under both EX OJ and ALC. No change in electromyography or low-frequency fatigue was observed under either treatment in either group. These results suggest that decreased neural drive appears to contribute to alcohol's effect on the magnitude of EIMD-related decrements in voluntary force generation.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Alcohol Drinking', 'Alcoholic Beverages', 'Analysis of Variance', 'Creatine Kinase', 'Electric Stimulation', 'Electromyography', 'Humans', 'Isometric Contraction', 'Linear Models', 'Male', 'Muscle Strength', 'Neuromuscular Junction', 'New Zealand', 'Quadriceps Muscle', 'Resistance Training', 'Time Factors', 'Young Adult']
| 22,185,621
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['F01.145.317.269'], ['G07.203.100.100', 'J02.200.100'], ['E05.318.740.150', 'N05.715.360.750.125', 'N06.850.520.830.150'], ['D08.811.913.696.640.150'], ['E05.723.402'], ['E01.370.405.255', 'E01.370.530.255'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G11.427.494.472'], ['E05.318.740.500.500', 'E05.318.740.750.425', 'E05.599.835.750', 'N05.715.360.750.530.460', 'N05.715.360.750.695.460', 'N06.850.520.830.500.500', 'N06.850.520.830.750.425'], ['E01.370.600.425', 'G11.427.560'], ['A08.800.550.550.550', 'A08.850.550.550', 'A11.284.149.165.420.780.550.550'], ['Z01.639.760.747', 'Z01.678.100.747'], ['A02.633.567.850'], ['E02.760.169.063.500.387.875', 'E02.779.483.875', 'E02.831.535.483.875', 'G11.427.410.698.277.311.750', 'I03.350.311.750'], ['G01.910.857'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Mitochondrial DNA abnormalities in skeletal muscle of patients with sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
|
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a neurodegenerative disease affecting the anterior horn cells of the spinal cord and cortical motor neurons. Previous findings have suggested a specific impairment of mitochondrial function in skeletal muscle of at least a limited number of patients. Applying flavoprotein/NAD(P)H autofluorescence imaging of mitochondrial function in saponin-permeabilized muscle fibres, we detected a heterogeneous distribution of the respiratory chain defect among individual fibres in muscle biopsies of patients (11 out of 17) with sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (SALS). These findings correlate with the presence of cytochrome c oxidase (COX)-negative muscle fibres detected histologically. We established the molecular basis for the decreased activities of NADH:CoQ oxidoreductase and COX in SALS muscle. In the skeletal muscle of the investigated patients, diminished levels (13 out of 17) or multiple deletions (one out of 17) of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) were observed. These alterations of mtDNA seem to be related to decreased levels of membrane-associated mitochondrial Mn-superoxide dismutase. Our results support the viewpoint that an oxygen radical-induced impairment of mtDNA is of pathophysiological significance in the aetiology of at least a subgroup of patients with SALS.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis', 'Blotting, Southern', 'Cell Membrane', 'DNA, Mitochondrial', 'Electron Transport', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Microscopy, Fluorescence', 'Middle Aged', 'Mitochondria, Muscle', 'Muscle Fibers, Skeletal', 'Muscle, Skeletal', 'Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases', 'Sequence Deletion', 'Superoxide Dismutase']
| 10,869,047
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C10.228.854.139', 'C10.574.562.250', 'C10.574.950.050', 'C10.668.467.250', 'C18.452.845.800.050'], ['E05.196.401.114', 'E05.301.300.087', 'E05.601.150'], ['A11.284.149'], ['D13.444.308.283.225'], ['G02.111.248', 'G03.295.531.403', 'G03.493.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.515.458', 'E05.595.458'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.564.627', 'A11.284.835.626.627'], ['A10.690.552.500.500', 'A11.620.249'], ['A02.633.567', 'A10.690.552.500'], ['D08.811.600.720', 'D08.811.682.690.708.715'], ['G05.365.590.762', 'G05.558.800'], ['D08.811.682.881']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
First evidence of diversity in eutherian chiasmatic architecture: tree shrews, like marsupials, have spatially segregated crossed and uncrossed chiasmatic pathways.
|
In the optic chiasm of mammals, axons either cross the midline to the opposite side of the brain or remain uncrossed. In the eutherian species studied to date, uncrossed axons in the caudal nerve are found in all regions. In the chiasm, they are dispersed through the hemichiasm, with many axons approaching the midline and then turning back to enter the same side of the brain as the originating eye. In marsupials, by contrast, uncrossed axons never approach the midline; instead, they remain grouped in the lateral nerve and chiasm. The impression gained from these data is that there is a major difference in chiasmatic architecture between eutherian and marsupial mammals. Therefore, the mechanisms by which axons choose their route through the chiasm was also thought to differ between the two major groups of mammals. However, the present study shows that the chiasm of a highly visual eutherian mammal, the tree shrew, is similar to that found in marsupials, with uncrossed axons confined to lateral regions and not approaching the midline. However, unlike marsupials, in the tree shrew, optic fascicles in the chiasm are often separated by thick collagen bundles. It is probable that the chiasmatic structure described to date for eutherian mammals is not ubiquitous, as was previously thought, and theories explaining the mechanisms by which axons chose their route through the chiasm during development will have to be expanded.
|
['Animals', 'Axons', 'Brain Mapping', 'Marsupialia', 'Nerve Fibers', 'Optic Chiasm', 'Retinal Ganglion Cells', 'Shrews', 'Visual Pathways']
| 9,453,663
|
[['B01.050'], ['A08.675.542.145', 'A11.284.180.075', 'A11.671.137', 'A11.671.501.145'], ['E01.370.350.578.875.500', 'E01.370.376.537.625.500', 'E05.629.875.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.573'], ['A08.675.542', 'A11.671.501'], ['A08.186.211.200.317.578', 'A08.800.800.120.680.600'], ['A08.675.650.850.875', 'A09.371.729.831.875', 'A11.671.650.850.875'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.961.751'], ['A08.612.220.860']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Preoperative pain and function profiles reflect consistent TKA patient selection among US surgeons.
|
BACKGROUND: As the number of primary total knee arthroplasties (TKAs) performed in the United States increases, policymakers have questioned whether the indications and timing of TKA have evolved so that surgery is offered earlier.QUESTIONS/PURPOSES: We analyzed data from a US national TKA cohort to evaluate variation in surgeon selection criteria for elective unilateral TKA based on preoperative patient-reported pain and function scores.METHODS: Preoperative SF-36 (Physical Component Summary [PCS]/physical function) scores and Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) (pain, activities of daily living/function) of 4900 patients undergoing elective unilateral TKA enrolled in this national database of prospectively followed patients from 22 states were evaluated. The 25th, 50th, and 75th percentile pain and function scores for patients cared for in 24 orthopaedic offices with 20 or more patients in the database were compared to assess whether consistent preoperative criteria are used in selecting patients undergoing TKA across settings.RESULTS: The preoperative global function (PCS median, 32.6; national norm, 50; SD, 10) and knee-specific function (KOOS median, 51.5; maximum score, 100; SD, 17) percentile scores represented substantial patient disability, because both values approached 2 SDs below ideal. Consistency in patients across 24 surgeon offices, and more than 100 surgeons, was noted because site-specific medians varied from the national median by less than the minimum clinically important change.CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that despite the rapidly growing use of TKA, surgeons in the participating sites use consistent patient criteria in scheduling TKA. Today's patients report significant pain and disability, supporting the need for TKA.
|
['Activities of Daily Living', 'Arthralgia', 'Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee', 'Biomechanical Phenomena', 'Databases, Factual', 'Disability Evaluation', 'Elective Surgical Procedures', 'Humans', 'Knee Joint', 'Pain Measurement', 'Patient Selection', 'Physical Examination', "Practice Patterns, Physicians'", 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Time Factors', 'Time-to-Treatment', 'United States']
| 24,957,788
|
[['E02.760.169.063.500.067', 'E02.831.067', 'I03.050', 'N02.421.784.110'], ['C05.550.091', 'C23.888.592.612.094', 'F02.830.816.444.350', 'G11.561.790.444.350'], ['E04.555.110.110.115', 'E04.650.110.115', 'E04.680.101.110.115'], ['G01.154.090', 'G01.374.089'], ['L01.313.500.750.300.188.400', 'L01.470.750.750'], ['E01.370.400'], ['E04.249'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A02.835.583.475'], ['E01.370.600.550.324'], ['E05.581.500.653', 'N04.590.731'], ['E01.370.600'], ['N04.590.374.577', 'N05.300.625'], ['E05.318.370.800.650', 'N05.715.360.325.700.640', 'N06.850.520.445.800.650'], ['G01.910.857'], ['E02.760.928', 'N02.421.585.928'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
A bright red-emitting flavonoid for Al3+
|
A bright red-emitting flavonoid derivative was synthesized, which exhibited a large Stokes shift (Äë > 150 nm) and high fluorescence quantum yields (öfl = 0.10-0.35). The probe could form a stable complex with Al3+ in 1 : 1 binding stoichiometry, generating a large bathochromic shift in both absorption and fluorescence (Äë ? 70 nm) to enable ratiometric determination of cellular Al3+.
|
['Aluminum', 'Cell Line', 'Cell Survival', 'Flavonoids', 'Fluorescence', 'Fluorescent Dyes', 'Humans', 'Molecular Structure', 'Optical Imaging']
| 31,143,886
|
[['D01.268.557.050', 'D01.552.547.050'], ['A11.251.210'], ['G04.346'], ['D03.383.663.283.266.450', 'D03.633.100.150.266.450'], ['G01.358.500.505.650.665.500', 'G01.590.540.665.500'], ['D27.720.233.348', 'D27.720.470.410.505.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G02.111.570', 'G02.466'], ['E01.370.350.589', 'E05.642']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Effects of the 'live high-train low' method on prooxidant/antioxidant balance on elite athletes.
|
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: We previously demonstrated that acute exposure to hypoxia (3 h at 3000 m) increased oxidative stress markers. Thus, by using the 'living high-training low' (LHTL) method, we further hypothesized that intermittent hypoxia associated with endurance training alters the prooxidant/antioxidant balance.SUBJECTS/METHODS: Twelve elite athletes from the Athletic French Federation were subjected to 18-day endurance training. They were divided into two groups: one group (control group) trained at 1200 m and lived in hypoxia (2500-3000 m simulated altitude) and the second group trained and lived at 1200 m. The subjects performed an acute hypoxic test (10 min at 4800 m) before and immediately after the training. Plasma levels of advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), malondialdehydes (MDA), ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), lipid-soluble antioxidants normalized for triacylglycerols, and cholesterol and retinol were measured before and after the 4800 m tests.RESULTS: After the training, MDA and AOPP concentrations were decreased in response to the 4800 m test only for the control group. Eighteen days of LHTL induced a significant decrease of all antioxidant markers (FRAP, P=0.01; alpha-tocopherol, P=0.04; beta-carotene, P=0.01 and lycopene, P=0.02) for the runners. This imbalance between antioxidant and prooxidant might result from insufficient intakes in vitamins A and E.CONCLUSIONS: The LHTL model characterized by the association of aerobic exercises and intermittent resting hypoxia exposures decreased the antioxidant status whereas the normoxic endurance training induced preconditioning mechanisms in response to the 4800 m test.
|
['Altitude', 'Antioxidants', 'Carotenoids', 'Exercise', 'Humans', 'Hypoxia', 'Lipid Metabolism', 'Lycopene', 'Male', 'Malondialdehyde', 'Oxidative Stress', 'Physical Endurance', 'Proteins', 'Reactive Oxygen Species', 'Running', 'Sports', 'Vitamin A', 'Vitamin E', 'Vitamins', 'alpha-Tocopherol', 'beta Carotene']
| 18,398,420
|
[['G16.500.275.058', 'N06.230.058'], ['D27.505.519.217', 'D27.505.696.706.125', 'D27.720.799.047'], ['D02.455.326.271.665.202', 'D02.455.426.392.368.367.379.249', 'D02.455.849.131', 'D23.767.261'], ['G11.427.410.698.277', 'I03.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C23.888.852.079'], ['G03.458'], ['D02.455.326.271.665.202.216', 'D02.455.426.392.368.367.379.249.213', 'D02.455.849.131.216', 'D23.767.261.375'], ['D02.047.700'], ['G03.673', 'G07.775.750'], ['G11.427.680', 'I03.450.642.845.054.600'], ['D12.776'], ['D01.339.431', 'D01.650.775'], ['G11.427.410.568.610', 'G11.427.410.698.277.750', 'I03.350.750', 'I03.450.642.845.610'], ['I03.450.642.845'], ['D02.455.326.271.665.202.495.818', 'D02.455.426.392.368.367.379.249.700.860', 'D02.455.849.131.495.818', 'D02.455.849.291.925', 'D23.767.261.700.860'], ['D03.383.663.283.909', 'D03.633.100.150.909'], ['D27.505.696.494.600', 'G07.203.300.681.500.600', 'J02.500.681.500.600'], ['D03.383.663.283.909.750.249', 'D03.633.100.150.909.750.249'], ['D02.455.326.271.665.202.123', 'D02.455.426.392.368.367.379.249.050', 'D02.455.849.131.123', 'D23.767.261.050']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Genetic determinants of response to aspirin: appraisal of 4 candidate genes.
|
INTRODUCTION: Intersubject variability in platelet response to aspirin could be related to genetic factors that regulate platelet enzymes or receptors. This study evaluates the impact of the selected polymorphisms in the COX-1 gene, the CYP5A1 gene, the P2RY1 receptor gene, and the GPIIbIIIa receptor gene on platelet response to aspirin and risk of suffering from major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCE).MATERIALS AND METHODS: 192 Caucasian patients with stable coronary artery disease treated with daily aspirin were recruited and followed for 3 years. Platelet aggregation was measured by light transmission aggregometry with arachidonic acid (1.6 mM) and adenosine diphosphate (5, 10 or 20 ìM) used as agonists. Genotyping was performed by standard PCR methods.RESULTS: Arachidonic acid-induced platelet aggregation was unaffected by the COX-1 22C/T and by the Pl(A1/A2) polymorphisms. However, carriers of the 1622 G/G genotype of the P2RY1 gene had significantly higher levels of arachidonic acid-induced platelet aggregation compared with non-carriers (AA 2.0%, AG 2.0% vs. GG 9.0%, p=0.047). Carrying the 1622 G/G genotype increased the risk of inadequate platelet response to aspirin, defined as arachidonic acid-induced aggregation ? 20%, by a factor of 8.5 (1.4 - 53.3, p=0.022) and the risk of 3-year MACCE by a factor of 7 (1.4 - 34.7, p=0.017).CONCLUSION: The 1622A/G mutation of the P2RY1 gene could contribute to inadequate platelet response to aspirin and is associated with an increased risk of suffering from MACCE.
|
['Aged', 'Aspirin', 'Coronary Artery Disease', 'Cyclooxygenase 1', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Genotype', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Platelet Aggregation', 'Platelet Glycoprotein GPIIb-IIIa Complex', 'Polymorphism, Genetic', 'Prospective Studies', 'Receptors, Purinergic P2Y1', 'Thromboxane-A Synthase']
| 21,429,568
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.657.410.595.176'], ['C14.280.647.250.260', 'C14.907.137.126.339', 'C14.907.585.250.260'], ['D08.811.600.720.500'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['G05.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G09.188.370.687', 'G09.188.390.600.640'], ['D12.776.395.550.625.785', 'D12.776.543.550.625.785', 'D12.776.543.750.705.408.460.700', 'D12.776.543.750.705.675.784'], ['G05.365.795'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.700.720.500.100', 'D12.776.543.750.720.700.720.750.100'], ['D08.811.399.475.900']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Iron infusion and deposition in the kidney.
|
BACKGROUND: Parenteral iron therapy is the mainstay of treating iron deficiency anemia in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients.METHODS: Retrospective case study of iron staining of renal tissues in 2 CKD patients who had received intravenous iron prior to the renal biopsy.RESULTS: Following the infusion of ferumoxytol, iron staining of renal biopsy demonstrated blue curvilinear deposition of iron in the tissue macrophages (histocytes) and interstitium of the kidney. Renal iron deposition was not observed in a patient administered intravenous iron dextran.CONCLUSION: We postulate that the higher molecular weight of ferumoxytol and different carbohydrate components may lead to deposition and trapping of the ironcarbohydrate complexes in the reticuloendothelial system of the kidney. Potential renal toxicity from iron induced oxidant stress, especially in patients with underlying chronic kidney disease, merits further investigation.
|
['Aged', 'Humans', 'Infusions, Intravenous', 'Iron', 'Kidney', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Oxidative Stress']
| 23,182,397
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.319.267.082.500', 'E02.319.267.510.590'], ['D01.268.556.412', 'D01.268.956.287', 'D01.552.544.412'], ['A05.810.453'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G03.673', 'G07.775.750']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Effects of genistein and herbimycin, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, on catecholamine release in bovine adrenal chromaffin cells.
|
1 The effects of genistein and herbimycin, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, on catecholamine (CA) release were examined in bovine adrenal chromaffin cells. 2 In intact cells, genistein (10-100 microm) and herbimycin (3-30 microm) inhibited CA release induced by acetylcholine (ACh; 100 microm) or the nicotinic receptor stimulant 1,1-dimethyl-4-phenyl-piperazinium (DMPP; 10 microm), but did not affect CA release induced by high K+ (40 mm). 3 Genistein and herbimycin inhibited (45)Ca2+ uptake induced by ACh (100 microm). 4 Neither genistein nor herbimycin affected [(3)H]nicotine binding with nicotinic receptors. 5 In beta-escin-permeabilized cells, neither genistein nor herbimycin affected CA release induced by Ca2+ (1 microm). 6 These results suggest that protein tyrosine kinase plays the facilitatory role in the regulation of CA release induced by nicotinic receptor stimulation in stimulus-secretion coupling of bovine adrenal chromaffin cells.
|
['Animals', 'Benzoquinones', 'Catecholamines', 'Cattle', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Chromaffin Cells', 'Genistein', 'Lactams, Macrocyclic', 'Protein Kinase Inhibitors', 'Rifabutin']
| 18,076,479
|
[['B01.050'], ['D02.806.250'], ['D02.092.311', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.175'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['A11.251'], ['A06.224.161', 'A11.299'], ['D03.383.663.283.266.450.400.375', 'D03.633.100.150.266.450.400.375'], ['D02.065.589.327', 'D04.345.295'], ['D27.505.519.389.755'], ['D03.633.400.811.650', 'D04.345.295.750.650']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Neuro-endocrine type of gastric carcinoma. Immunohistochemical and electron microscopic studies of 100 cases.
|
1,351 specimens resected surgically from 100 patients with gastric carcinoma were studied with PAP immunoperoxidase and ultrastructural method. The tumor cells were found positive for gastrin, serotonin, somatostatin and argyrophil particles in 19 patients. Among them the gastrin-secreting tumor cells consisted of 50% of the total in 4 cases, representing a separate new subtype, neuro-endocrine (NE) gastric carcinoma. Of the 100 cases, 16 (32%) contained NE cells among 50 undifferentiated type, while only 3 cases (6%) contained NE cells among the remaining 50 cases, the well-differentiated type. These results suggest that the appearance of NE tumor cells is closely correlated with the degree of differentiation of cancer, and confirms theoretically the heterogenicity of gastric carcinoma, and further supports the concept that exocrine and endocrine type gastric cancer cells are isogenous, i.e., from the endodermal stem cells.
|
['Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Female', 'Gastrins', 'Humans', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Serotonin', 'Somatostatin', 'Stomach Neoplasms']
| 1,976,491
|
[['C04.557.470.200.025.075', 'C04.557.470.590.075'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D06.472.317.413', 'D06.472.699.280', 'D12.644.400.320', 'D12.644.548.280', 'D12.776.631.650.320'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D02.092.211.215.801.852', 'D03.633.100.473.914.814', 'D23.469.050.650'], ['D06.472.699.327.700.875', 'D06.472.699.587.780', 'D12.644.400.400.700.875', 'D12.644.548.365.700.875', 'D12.644.548.586.780', 'D12.776.631.650.405.700.875'], ['C04.588.274.476.767', 'C06.301.371.767', 'C06.405.249.767', 'C06.405.748.789']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Clinical study of the effects of deep brain stimulation on urinary dysfunctions in patients with Parkinson's disease.
|
Purpose: To evaluate the effect of deep brain stimulation (DBS) on urinary dysfunctions in Parkinson's patients. Patients and methods: A total of 416 patients, diagnosed with Parkinson's disease (PD) based on the UK Parkinson's Disease Society Brain Bank Diagnostic Criteria, were enrolled in the study, including 307 males and 109 females. The effects of DBS treatment on urinary functions during urination and bladder storage of these patients were evaluated using testing and assessment scales, such as the American Urological Association Symptom Index (AUA-SI), Overactive Bladder Symptom Scores (OAB-SS), Quality Of Life Scale (QOL), and urodynamic tests. The data were statistically analyzed with the chi-square test and both independent-samples t-test and paired-samples t-test were used in this study. Results: Symptoms of urinary dysfunctions, such as urinary frequency, urgency, and incontinence, in the patients with PD were notably relieved by DBS treatment (P<0.05), and the OAB-SS and bladder storage problems were greatly improved as well (P<0.05). Compared with those in male patients, DBS surgery significantly improved the AUA-SI, urinary symptom scores, and QOL in female PD patients (P<0.05), as well as other functional indicators related to the urinary tract, including the maximum urinary flow rate, detrusor pressure at peak flow, and residual urine volume in female PD patients (P<0.05). Conclusion: DBS surgery is effective in improving urinary functions in PD patients, as primarily reflected by the alleviation of urinary symptoms such as urinary frequency, urgency, and incontinence. Female PD patients displayed better urinary function outcomes from DBS treatment than did male patients.
|
['Age Factors', 'Aged', 'Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors', 'Deep Brain Stimulation', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Parkinson Disease', 'Quality of Life', 'Severity of Illness Index', 'Sex Factors', 'Urinary Bladder, Overactive', 'Urination', 'Urodynamics']
| 31,417,246
|
[['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D12.776.260.103', 'D12.776.930.125'], ['E02.331.300', 'E04.190'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C10.228.140.079.862.500', 'C10.228.662.600.400', 'C10.574.928.750'], ['I01.800', 'K01.752.400.750', 'N06.850.505.400.425.837'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475.456.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.364.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.364.500'], ['N05.715.350.675', 'N06.850.490.875'], ['C12.777.829.866', 'C13.351.968.829.813', 'C23.888.942.343.780'], ['G08.852.880'], ['G08.852.898']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
In vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in a case of Reye's syndrome.
|
A case of a 14-year-old boy with Reye's syndrome (RS) and complete neurologic recovery is presented. 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy was performed on days 1 (admission to ICU), 8 and 62: During the acute phase of RS substantial cerebral metabolic imbalances were observed and their normalization monitored. The spectra from day 1 featured extremely high glutamine content (approximately 18 mmol/kg excess) and low concentrations of choline compounds pounds (approximately 1 mmol/kg deficit). Also some excess lactate was present. The subsequent spectra demonstrated the return to an almost normal brain metabolite profile.
|
['Adolescent', 'Brain', 'Choline Deficiency', 'Glasgow Coma Scale', 'Glutamine', 'Humans', 'Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy', 'Male', 'Reye Syndrome']
| 7,790,619
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['A08.186.211'], ['C18.654.521.500.133.699.160'], ['E05.318.308.940.968.875.250', 'E05.944.500', 'N04.452.859.564.800.250', 'N05.715.360.300.715.500.800.325'], ['D12.125.068.330', 'D12.125.095.461', 'D12.125.154.424'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.196.867.519'], ['C06.552.241.649', 'C10.228.140.163.780', 'C18.452.132.780']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Long-term refractive status of preterm infants from singleton and multiple pregnancies
|
OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of plurality on refractive status in former preterm infants at age 8-12 years.METHODS: Refraction was compared in singletons and multiples, in very low birth weight infants (VLBW, <1500 g) at age 6 months and 8-12 years. Preterm infants were compared with a group of term infants.RESULTS: Thirty-seven of 104 (36%) VLBW infants were multiples. Comparison of refraction between singletons and multiples revealed no difference at age 6 months, while at age 8-12 years, multiples had significantly more refractive errors (singletons 28% versus multiples 54% p = 0.01), particularly myopia. In preterms, refractive status at age 6 months and multiple birth were significant predictors of refraction at 8-12 years, while birth weight (BW) and retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) were not predictive. Refractive errors were significantly more common in preterms (37%) than in term-born children (14%) (p = 0.0002). Overall, refraction moved from predominantly hyperopic at 6 months to normal or myopic at age 8-12 years in preterm.CONCLUSIONS: Multiple gestation in preterms is associated with increased risk for refractive errors, particularly myopia in childhood. Refraction in preterms during childhood progresses from hyperopia to myopia. Former preterms have more refractive errors than children born at term-born children.
|
['Case-Control Studies', 'Child', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Infant, Premature', 'Israel', 'Pregnancy', 'Pregnancy, Multiple', 'Refractive Errors']
| 27,718,778
|
[['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['M01.060.406'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['M01.060.703.520.520'], ['Z01.252.245.500.375'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['G08.686.784.769.545'], ['C11.744']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
[Overview of dermatophytes in Mali].
|
517 isolations of dermatophytes collected in Mali are reported. The various species are described and the main findings are: --Trichophyton species are more common (85.5% isolated from scalp lesions and 77.5% from skin scrapings) than Microsporum species. --Trichophyton verrucosum and Microsporum canis have been found found for the first time in Mali. --Ill-defined clinical forms of scalp lesions caused by either T. schonleinii or T. soudanense occur in the subsaharian areas of the country.
|
['Adult', 'Arthrodermataceae', 'Child', 'Humans', 'Mali', 'Microsporum', 'Scalp', 'Skin', 'Trichophyton']
| 498,384
|
[]
|
[]
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
CRL4 complex regulates mammalian oocyte survival and reprogramming by activation of TET proteins.
|
The duration of a woman's reproductive period is determined by the size and persistence of a dormant oocyte pool. Specific oocyte genes are essential for follicle maintenance and female fertility. The mechanisms that regulate the expression of these genes are poorly understood. We found that a cullin-ring finger ligase-4 (CRL4) complex was crucial in this process. Oocyte-specific deletion of the CRL4 linker protein DDB1 or its substrate adaptor VPRBP (also known as DCAF1) caused rapid oocyte loss, premature ovarian insufficiency, and silencing of fertility maintaining genes. CRL4(VPRBP) activates the TET methylcytosine dioxygenases, which are involved in female germ cell development and zygote genome reprogramming. Hence, CRL4(VPRBP) ubiquitin ligase is a guardian of female reproductive life in germ cells and a maternal reprogramming factor after fertilization.
|
['Animals', 'Carrier Proteins', 'Cell Survival', 'Cellular Reprogramming', 'Cullin Proteins', 'DNA-Binding Proteins', 'Dioxygenases', 'Female', 'Fertility', 'Gene Silencing', 'Gonadal Dysgenesis', 'HeLa Cells', 'Humans', 'Mice', 'Mice, Knockout', 'Mixed Function Oxygenases', 'Oocytes', 'Ovary', 'Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins']
| 24,357,321
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.776.157'], ['G04.346'], ['G04.152.262', 'G05.135'], ['D08.811.464.938.750.750.500', 'D12.776.167.175'], ['D12.776.260'], ['D08.811.682.690.416'], ['G08.686.210'], ['G05.308.203.374'], ['C12.706.316.309', 'C13.351.875.253.309', 'C16.131.939.316.309', 'C19.391.119.309'], ['A11.251.210.190.400', 'A11.251.860.180.400', 'A11.436.340'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.136.500.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.455', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800.500'], ['D08.811.682.690.708'], ['A05.360.490.690.680', 'A11.497.497.600'], ['A05.360.319.114.630', 'A05.360.576.497', 'A06.300.312.497'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700'], ['D12.776.624.664.700']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Specificity of sensory-motor connections encoded by Sema3e-Plxnd1 recognition.
|
Spinal reflexes are mediated by synaptic connections between sensory afferents and motor neurons. The organization of these circuits shows several levels of specificity. Only certain classes of proprioceptive sensory neurons make direct, monosynaptic connections with motor neurons. Those that do are bound by rules of motor pool specificity: they form strong connections with motor neurons supplying the same muscle, but avoid motor pools supplying antagonistic muscles. This pattern of connectivity is initially accurate and is maintained in the absence of activity, implying that wiring specificity relies on the matching of recognition molecules on the surface of sensory and motor neurons. However, determinants of fine synaptic specificity here, as in most regions of the central nervous system, have yet to be defined. To address the origins of synaptic specificity in these reflex circuits we have used molecular genetic methods to manipulate recognition proteins expressed by subsets of sensory and motor neurons. We show here that a recognition system involving expression of the class 3 semaphorin Sema3e by selected motor neuron pools, and its high-affinity receptor plexin D1 (Plxnd1) by proprioceptive sensory neurons, is a critical determinant of synaptic specificity in sensory-motor circuits in mice. Changing the profile of Sema3e-Plxnd1 signalling in sensory or motor neurons results in functional and anatomical rewiring of monosynaptic connections, but does not alter motor pool specificity. Our findings indicate that patterns of monosynaptic connectivity in this prototypic central nervous system circuit are constructed through a recognition program based on repellent signalling.
|
['Animals', 'Cell Adhesion Molecules, Neuronal', 'Cytoskeletal Proteins', 'Glycoproteins', 'Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins', 'Membrane Glycoproteins', 'Membrane Proteins', 'Mice', 'Models, Neurological', 'Motor Neurons', 'Muscle, Skeletal', 'Nerve Tissue Proteins', 'Neural Pathways', 'Proprioception', 'Reflex, Monosynaptic', 'Semaphorins', 'Sensory Receptor Cells', 'Skin', 'Synapses']
| 19,421,194
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.776.395.550.200.250', 'D12.776.543.550.200.250', 'D23.050.301.350.250'], ['D12.776.220'], ['D09.400.430', 'D12.776.395'], ['D12.644.360', 'D12.776.476'], ['D12.776.395.550', 'D12.776.543.550'], ['D12.776.543'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['E05.599.395.642'], ['A08.675.655.500', 'A11.671.655.500'], ['A02.633.567', 'A10.690.552.500'], ['D12.776.631'], ['A08.612'], ['F02.830.816.541', 'G07.888.750', 'G11.561.790.541'], ['G11.561.731.643'], ['D12.644.276.923', 'D12.776.467.923', 'D23.529.923'], ['A08.675.650.915', 'A08.800.950', 'A11.671.650.915'], ['A17.815'], ['A08.850', 'A11.284.149.165.420.780']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
In vitro platelet adhesion to dialysis membranes.
|
This work describes an in vitro system developed to quantitate platelet deposition on different dialysis membranes. The system is based on the use of small dialysis filters and reproduces the haemodynamic pattern of blood flowing through hollow fibres during in vivo dialysis. We have determined the in vitro platelet adhesion to cuprophan and to a non-cellulosic membrane, polymethylmethacrylate. When albumin concentration in the platelet suspension was low (0.35%) platelet deposition to cuprophan and to polymethylmethacrylate was comparable. When albumin concentration was increased to a physiological value (3.5%) platelet adhesion to both cuprophan and to polymethylmethacrylate membranes significantly decreased. This effect of albumin was greatest for the high-permeable polymethylmethacrylate membrane (BK). These data suggest that platelet membrane interaction is significantly influenced by circulating albumin.
|
['Albumins', 'Blood Platelets', 'Cellulose', 'Humans', 'Indium Radioisotopes', 'Membranes, Artificial', 'Methylmethacrylates', 'Platelet Adhesiveness', 'Renal Dialysis']
| 1,866,066
|
[['D12.776.034'], ['A11.118.188', 'A15.145.229.188'], ['D05.750.078.562.180', 'D09.698.365.180', 'D25.720.099.500', 'J01.637.051.720.099.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D01.496.749.460'], ['D25.479', 'J01.637.051.479', 'J01.637.087.500'], ['D02.241.081.069.800.550', 'D05.750.716.822.111.650.605', 'D25.720.716.822.111.650.605', 'J01.637.051.720.716.822.111.650.605'], ['G09.188.390.600.500', 'G09.188.670'], ['E02.870.300', 'E02.912.800']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Spinal sonography in newborns and infants - part II: spinal dysraphism and tethered cord.
|
UNLABELLED: Patients with cutaneous markers in the lumbo-sacral region as well as infants with bladder and bowel dysfunction, orthopedic anomalies and progressive neurological dysfunction are at risk for spinal dysraphism and tethered cord. Three types of spinal dysraphism can be distinguished: Type I - open spinal dysraphisms with a non-skin covered back mass; type II - closed spinal dysraphisms with a skin covered back mass; type III - occult spinal dysraphisms without a back mass. All spinal dysraphisms can be associated with a tethered cord, characterized by a low position of the conus medullaris below L3. Type I dysraphisms are meningomyeloceles and myeloceles, which are associated with CHIARI-II malformations characterized by the low position of the cerebellar vermis within the foramen magnum. Type II dysraphisms are lipomyeloceles, lipomyelomeningoceles, posterior meningoceles and myelocystoceles. Lipomeningoceles and lipomyelomeningoceles are characterized by a subcutaneous echogenic mass which communicates with the spinal canal and may cause tethered cord. Posterior meningoceles are, dorsal cystic space occupying lesions without internal neural tissue. Myelocystoceles are characterized by a cystic dorsal mass which communicates with a dilated central canal characteristic of syringo-hydromyelia. Type III dysraphisms without a back mass are frequently associated with cutaneous markers in the lumbo-sacral region. Sonographically dermal sinus tracts, diastematomyelia, tight filum and lipoma of the filum terminale and the caudal regression syndrome have to be distinguished. Dermal sinuses are characterized by an echogenic tract from the skin to the spinal canal, often associated with a spinal dermoid. Diastematomyelia is characterized by a complete or partial duplication of the spinal cord which can only be shown on axial images. Tight filum terminale or lipoma of the filum terminale is characterized by a thick echogenic filum with a diameter of more than 2 mm, and a conus below L3.CONCLUSION: All different forms of spinal dysraphisms and tethered cord can be diagnosed sonographically in the neonatal period as long as the spinal arches are not completely ossified.
|
['Humans', 'Infant', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Lipoma', 'Neural Tube Defects', 'Spinal Cord', 'Spinal Dysraphism', 'Ultrasonography']
| 17,610,176
|
[['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['C04.557.450.550.400'], ['C10.500.680', 'C16.131.666.680'], ['A08.186.854'], ['C10.500.680.800', 'C16.131.666.680.800'], ['E01.370.350.850']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
The inclusion of functional foods enriched in fibre, calcium, iodine, fat-soluble vitamins and n-3 fatty acids in a conventional diet improves the nutrient profile according to the Spanish reference intake.
|
OBJECTIVE: The growing interest in maintaining good health status through optimal nutrition has boosted the launch of a number of functional foods on the market. The objective of the present study was to theoretically evaluate the nutritional relevance of incorporating selected enriched foods in the diet.DESIGN: A 28 d dietary plan, designed to be balanced under the recommended macronutrients criteria, was used as a basal diet. Some conventional foods were exchanged with foods enriched in fibre, calcium, iodine, vitamins A, D, E or n-3 fatty acids.SETTING: Nutritional composition of basal and modified diets was derived and compared to the Spanish recommended intakes (RI).RESULTS: The basal diet covered the recommendations for fibre and calcium with mean intake of 28 g and 1241 mg, respectively. The current intake of salt, if iodized, or bread elaborated with this salt, allowed reaching the daily intake of iodine every day, with a mean supply of 216 ìg/d and 278 ìg/d, respectively. The deficient supply of vitamin E in the basal diet (mean = 8 mg/d) was covered by including enriched margarine and dairy products (mean = 15 mg/d). The low n-3 fatty acids intake in the basal diet (1·1 g/d) increased up to 1·9 g/d after the use of enriched margarine, butter and biscuits and soya drink instead of milk.CONCLUSIONS: In order to improve the accomplishment of the RI iodine, vitamin E and n-3 fatty acids, interesting strategies dealing with the incorporation of enriched foods in the diet were successfully initiated.
|
['Calcium, Dietary', 'Dairy Products', 'Diet', 'Dietary Fiber', 'Energy Intake', 'Fatty Acids, Omega-3', 'Functional Food', 'Humans', 'Iodine', 'Margarine', 'Nutrition Policy', 'Nutritional Status', 'Nutritive Value', 'Spain', 'Vitamins']
| 21,092,358
|
[['D01.146.395'], ['G07.203.300.350', 'J02.500.350'], ['G07.203.650.240'], ['D09.301.416', 'G07.203.300.400', 'J02.500.400'], ['G07.203.650.240.340'], ['D10.212.302.380.410', 'D10.251.355.337', 'D10.627.430.450'], ['G07.203.300.572', 'J02.500.572'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D01.268.380.400'], ['D10.212.302.651', 'G07.203.300.350.500', 'G07.203.300.375.650', 'J02.500.350.500', 'J02.500.375.650'], ['I01.655.500.608.400.650', 'I01.880.604.825.608.400.650', 'N03.623.500.608.428.650'], ['G07.203.650.650', 'N01.224.425.525'], ['G07.203.650.660', 'J01.576.423.850.730.750', 'N06.850.601.750'], ['Z01.542.846'], ['D27.505.696.494.600', 'G07.203.300.681.500.600', 'J02.500.681.500.600']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
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