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Evolutionary divergence of the swim bladder nematode Anguillicola crassus after colonization of a novel host, Anguilla anguilla.
|
BACKGROUND: Anguillicola crassus, a swim bladder nematode naturally parasitizing the Japanese eel, was introduced about 30 years ago from East Asia into Europe where it colonized almost all populations of the European eel. We conducted a common garden experiment under a reciprocal transfer design infecting both European and Japanese eels with populations of A. crassus from Germany, Poland and Taiwan. We tested, whether differences in infectivity, developmental dynamics and reproductive output between the European and Asian parasite populations occur while harboured in the specimens of native and colonized eel host, and if these differences are genetically based or are plastic responses to the new environment.RESULTS: Under common garden conditions an evolutionary change in the both European parasite populations of A. crassus compared with their Taiwanese conspecifics was observed for infectivity and developmental dynamics, but not for reproductive output. When infecting the European eel, current European populations of the parasite were less infective and developed faster than their Taiwanese conspecifics. In the reciprocally infected Japanese eel the genetically induced differences between the parasite strains were less apparent than in the European eel but higher infectivity, faster development and higher larval mortality of the European parasite populations could be inferred.CONCLUSIONS: The differences in infectivity and developmental dynamics between European and Taiwanese populations of A. crassus found in our study suggest rapid genetic divergence of this parasite after a successful host switch in Europe.
|
['Air Sacs', 'Anguilla', 'Animals', 'Biological Evolution', 'Dracunculoidea', 'Fish Diseases', 'Genetic Fitness', 'Host Specificity', 'Reproduction']
| 23,566,258
|
[['A13.048'], ['B01.050.150.900.493.338.282'], ['B01.050'], ['G05.045', 'G16.075'], ['B01.050.500.500.294.400.937.225.250'], ['C22.362'], ['G05.347'], ['G06.462.380', 'G16.527.200.380'], ['G08.686.784']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
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| 0
| 0
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|
Extensive nitration of protein tyrosines in human atherosclerosis detected by immunohistochemistry.
|
Oxidation of lipoproteins is important for the initiation and propagation of the atherosclerotic lesion and may involve secondary oxidants derived from nitric oxide. Nitric oxide (NO) reacts at near diffusion limited rates with superoxide (O2-.) to form the strong oxidant, peroxynitrite (ONOO-). Nitration on the ortho position of tyrosine is a major product of peroxynitrite attack on proteins. Nitrotyrosine was detected in atherosclerotic lesions of formalin-fixed human coronary arteries with polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies. Binding was pronounced in and around foamy macrophages within the atheroma deposits. Nitration was also observed in early subintimal fatty streaks. Antibody binding was completely blocked by co-incubation with 10mM nitrotyrosine, but not by equivalent concentrations of aminotyrosine or phosphotyrosine. The presence of nitrotyrosine indicates that oxidants derived from nitric oxide such as peroxynitrite are generated in human atherosclerosis and may be involved in its pathogenesis.
|
['Cell Nucleus', 'Coronary Artery Disease', 'Coronary Vessels', 'Humans', 'Immunoenzyme Techniques', 'Macrophages', 'Middle Aged', 'Nitric Oxide', 'Oxidation-Reduction', 'Tyrosine']
| 8,192,861
|
[['A11.284.430.106', 'A11.284.430.214.190.875.117'], ['C14.280.647.250.260', 'C14.907.137.126.339', 'C14.907.585.250.260'], ['A07.015.114.269', 'A07.015.908.194'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.478.566.350', 'E05.478.583.400', 'E05.601.470.350'], ['A11.329.372', 'A11.627.482', 'A11.733.397', 'A15.382.670.522', 'A15.382.680.397'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D01.339.387', 'D01.625.550.500', 'D01.625.700.500', 'D01.650.550.587.600'], ['G02.700', 'G03.295.531'], ['D12.125.072.050.875']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
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| 1
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| 0
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|
The role of elective supraomohyoidal neck dissection in the treatment of early, node-negative oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC): a retrospective analysis of 122 cases.
|
The adequate treatment of the neck in early, clinically node-negative oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remains controversial. To assess whether elective supraomohyoid neck dissection is reasonable and efficient in early, locally circumscribed OSCC, the outcomes of treatment of 122 patients with an OSCC of clinical UICC stage I or II were retrospectively analysed in this study. Occult lymph node metastases were detected in 13.9% (17/122) of cases. They were more frequently found in T2 compared to T1 tumours (19.7% (14/71) vs. 5.9% (3/51), p=0.03), age, gender and grading had no influence on the prevalence of occult lymph node metastases (all p-values>0.05) in a multivariate logistic regression model. Subsequent multivariate survival analysis found that the presence of occult metastases was an independent predictor of reduced disease-free survival after 5 years (82.2% vs. 62.5%, p=0.004, and 61.9% vs. 17.8%, p<0.001, respectively). Elective supraomohyoid neck dissection detects occult metastases in early, node-negative OSCC, and patients with early OSCC exhibiting occult metastases should be considered as high risk patients, warranting additional therapeutic regimes.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Carcinoma, Squamous Cell', 'Elective Surgical Procedures', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Kaplan-Meier Estimate', 'Logistic Models', 'Lymph Nodes', 'Lymphatic Metastasis', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Mouth Neoplasms', 'Neck Dissection', 'Neck Muscles', 'Neoplasm Staging', 'Proportional Hazards Models', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Risk Factors']
| 21,393,009
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['C04.557.470.200.400', 'C04.557.470.700.400'], ['E04.249'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.740.998.650', 'N05.715.360.750.795.650', 'N06.850.520.830.998.650'], ['E05.318.740.500.525', 'E05.318.740.600.800.450', 'E05.318.740.750.450', 'E05.599.835.875', 'N05.715.360.750.530.480', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.450', 'N05.715.360.750.695.470', 'N06.850.520.830.500.525', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.450', 'N06.850.520.830.750.450'], ['A10.549.400', 'A15.382.520.604.412'], ['C04.697.650.560', 'C23.550.727.650.560'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04.588.443.591', 'C07.465.530'], ['E04.446.318', 'E04.580.411'], ['A02.633.567.650'], ['E01.789.625'], ['E05.318.740.500.700', 'E05.318.740.600.700', 'E05.318.740.750.725', 'E05.318.740.998.825', 'E05.599.835.900', 'N05.715.360.750.530.650', 'N05.715.360.750.625.650', 'N05.715.360.750.695.650', 'N05.715.360.750.795.825', 'N06.850.520.830.500.700', 'N06.850.520.830.600.700', 'N06.850.520.830.750.725', 'N06.850.520.830.998.912'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
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Tropomyosin as a regulator of the sliding movement of actin filaments.
|
We examined the capacity of tropomyosin molecules regulating the sliding movement of actin filaments on myosin molecules in the presence of ATP molecules to be hydrolyzed. For this objective, we prepared tropomyosin molecules modified to be a little bit stiffer compared to the intact ones by applying a fixed cross-linker between a pair of twisted tropomyosin monomers. The cross-linked tropomyosin molecules, when complexed with actin filaments, were found to inhibit the sliding movement of the filaments on myosin molecules even in the absence of calcium-regulated troponin molecules. It is then suggested that the mechanical flexibility of tropomyosin molecules may be instrumental to actualizing the proper functional regulation of the sliding movement of actin filaments.
|
['Actin Cytoskeleton', 'Actins', 'Adenosine Triphosphate', 'Animals', 'Cross-Linking Reagents', 'Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel', 'Models, Biological', 'Models, Chemical', 'Movement', 'Muscle Contraction', 'Myosins', 'Protein Isoforms', 'Rabbits', 'Time Factors', 'Tropomyosin']
| 17,184,900
|
[['A11.284.430.214.190.750.050'], ['D05.750.078.730.250', 'D12.776.210.500.100', 'D12.776.220.525.255'], ['D03.633.100.759.646.138.236', 'D13.695.667.138.236', 'D13.695.827.068.236'], ['B01.050'], ['D27.720.470.410.210'], ['E05.196.401.402', 'E05.301.300.319'], ['E05.599.395'], ['E05.599.495'], ['G07.568', 'G11.427.410'], ['G11.427.494'], ['D05.750.078.730.475', 'D08.811.277.040.025.193.750', 'D12.776.210.500.600', 'D12.776.220.525.475'], ['D12.776.800'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.968.700'], ['G01.910.857'], ['D05.750.078.730.800', 'D12.776.210.500.895', 'D12.776.220.525.800']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
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|
Rapid Dissolution of BaSO4
|
Insoluble BaSO4 scale is a costly and time-consuming problem in the petroleum industry. Clearance of BaSO4-impeded pipelines requires chelating agents that can efficiently bind Ba2+, the largest nonradioactive +2 metal ion. Due to the poor affinity of currently available chelating agents for Ba2+, however, the dissolution of BaSO4 remains inefficient, requiring very basic solutions of ligands. In this study, we investigated three diaza-18-crown-6 macrocycles bearing different pendent arms for the chelation of Ba2+ and assessed their potential for dissolving BaSO4 scale. Remarkably, the bis-picolinate ligand macropa exhibits the highest affinity reported to date for Ba2+ at pH 7.4 (log K' = 10.74), forming a complex of significant kinetic stability with this large metal ion. Furthermore, the BaSO4 dissolution properties of macropa dramatically surpass those of the state-of-the-art ligands DTPA and DOTA. Using macropa, complete dissolution of a molar equivalent of BaSO4 is reached within 30 min at room temperature in pH 8 buffer, conditions under which DTPA and DOTA only achieve 40% dissolution of BaSO4. When further applied for the dissolution of natural barite, macropa also outperforms DTPA, showing that this ligand is potentially valuable for industrial processes. Collectively, this work demonstrates that macropa is a highly effective chelator for Ba2+ that can be applied for the remediation of BaSO4 scale.
|
['Barium', 'Barium Sulfate', 'Chelating Agents', 'Coordination Complexes', 'Crown Ethers', 'Ligands', 'Picolinic Acids', 'Solubility']
| 30,485,079
|
[['D01.268.552.050', 'D01.268.556.062', 'D01.552.539.124', 'D01.552.544.062'], ['D01.103.075', 'D01.875.800.800.850.075'], ['D27.505.519.914.500', 'D27.720.832.500'], ['D01.234', 'D02.257'], ['D02.355.291.308', 'D04.345.051.500', 'D04.345.241.308'], ['D27.720.470.480'], ['D03.066.707', 'D03.383.725.705'], ['G02.805']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Epidemiology and imaging of the subchondral bone in articular cartilage repair.
|
Articular cartilage and the subchondral bone act as a functional unit. Following trauma, osteochondritis dissecans, osteonecrosis or osteoarthritis, this intimate connection may become disrupted. Osteochondral defects-the type of defects that extend into the subchondral bone-account for about 5% of all articular cartilage lesions. They are very often caused by trauma, in about one-third of the cases by osteoarthritis and rarely by osteochondritis dissecans. Osteochondral defects are predominantly located on the medial femoral condyle and also on the patella. Frequently, they are associated with lesions of the menisci or the anterior cruciate ligament. Because of the close relationship between the articular cartilage and the subchondral bone, imaging of cartilage defects or cartilage repair should also focus on the subchondral bone. Magnetic resonance imaging is currently considered to be the key modality for the evaluation of cartilage and underlying subchondral bone. However, the choice of imaging technique also depends on the nature of the disease that caused the subchondral bone lesion. For example, radiography is still the golden standard for imaging features of osteoarthritis. Bone scintigraphy is one of the most valuable techniques for early diagnosis of spontaneous osteonecrosis about the knee. A CT scan is a useful technique to rule out a possible depression of the subchondral bone plate, whereas a CT arthrography is highly accurate to evaluate the stability of the osteochondral fragment in osteochondritis dissecans. Particularly for the problem of subchondral bone lesions, image evaluation methods need to be refined for adequate and reproducible analysis. This article highlights recent studies on the epidemiology and imaging of the subchondral bone, with an emphasis on magnetic resonance imaging.
|
['Arthroscopy', 'Bone Transplantation', 'Bone and Bones', 'Cartilage, Articular', 'Chondrocytes', 'Humans', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Orthopedic Procedures', 'Osteoarthritis', 'Osteochondritis Dissecans', 'Osteonecrosis', 'Radionuclide Imaging', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed']
| 20,148,327
|
[['E01.370.388.250.070', 'E04.502.250.070', 'E04.555.113'], ['E02.095.147.725.052', 'E04.555.130', 'E04.936.580.052'], ['A02.835.232', 'A10.165.265'], ['A02.165.407.150', 'A02.835.583.192'], ['A11.329.171'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['E02.718', 'E04.555'], ['C05.550.114.606', 'C05.799.613'], ['C05.116.791.668'], ['C05.116.852', 'C23.550.717.732'], ['E01.370.350.710', 'E01.370.384.730'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Contemporary lung cancer trends among U.S. women.
|
The age-standardized lung cancer incidence rate among women in the United States has decreased for each of the last 3 years for which data are available (1999-2001). We conducted this study to assess the stability and near-term sustainability of this decrease. We examined temporal trends in age-specific lung cancer incidence by calendar year and birth cohort and measured trends in the age-standardized rate in each geographic area within the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program using joinpoint regression analyses. Age-standardized lung cancer incidence rates have peaked or are decreasing in all geographic areas within SEER, although the decline is statistically significant only in San Francisco-Oakland. Age-specific incidence rates are decreasing in six of the seven 5-year age groups between ages 50 and 84 years in all areas of SEER combined. Rates in these age groups contribute nearly 95% of the total age-standardized incidence rate; consequently, trends in incidence at these ages will determine future trends in the overall age-standardized incidence rate for the next 20 to 25 years. Birth cohort patterns suggest that the decrease in the age-standardized rate will continue for at least 20 years, but will be slowed by aging of women born in the late 1950s and early 1960s. Given calendar year and birth cohort age-specific incidence patterns, the early decline in lung cancer incidence among women is likely to persist through at least 2025. Sustaining the downward trend beyond 2025 will require continued reductions in smoking initiation among children and increases in cessation among addicted smokers.
|
['Adult', 'Age Factors', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Incidence', 'Lung Neoplasms', 'Middle Aged', 'SEER Program', 'Sex Factors', 'United States']
| 15,767,333
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.375', 'N01.224.935.597.500', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.375', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.375'], ['C04.588.894.797.520', 'C08.381.540', 'C08.785.520'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.308.970.725', 'N04.452.859.819.725', 'N05.715.360.300.715.700.725', 'N06.850.520.308.970.725'], ['N05.715.350.675', 'N06.850.490.875'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Purification of two spectrin-binding proteins: biochemical and electron microscopic evidence for site-specific reassociation between spectrin and bands 2.1 and 4.1.
|
Two peripheral proteins of the human erythrocyte membrane that are capable of forming a stable complex with spectrin have been purified. The proteins, band 2.1 (Mr 210,000) and band 4.1 (Mr 82,000), are water soluble and exist as monomers in solution. Both exhibit strong, specific binding to purified spectrin molecules as determined by cosedimentation in sucrose gradients and both enhance binding to spectrin-depleted, inside-out vesicles that have been stripped of bands 2.1 and 4.1. Rotary replicas of bound material reveal site-specific associations among native, but not heat-denatured, molecules.
|
['Binding Sites', 'Erythrocyte Membrane', 'Erythrocytes', 'Humans', 'Membrane Proteins', 'Microscopy, Electron', 'Molecular Weight', 'Protein Binding', 'Spectrin']
| 291,934
|
[]
|
[]
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
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|
Risk of hospitalization for survivors of childhood and adolescent cancer.
|
BACKGROUND: Childhood cancer survivors may be at increased risk of hospitalization because of cancer-related late effects.METHODS: Using data from population-based research resources in Utah, we identified childhood and adolescent cancer survivors who were diagnosed from 1973 to 2005 (N = 2,571). We selected a comparison cohort based on birth year and sex (N = 7,713). Hospitalizations from 1996 to 2010, excluding pregnancy and delivery, were determined from discharge records. Multivariable regressions were used to evaluate hospitalization admissions, length of stay, and diagnosis for survivors starting five years from diagnosis versus the comparison cohort.RESULTS: When follow-up began in 1996, there were N = 1,499 survivors and N = 7,219 comparisons who were alive and eligible for follow-up. Average follow-up for survivors was 13.5 years (SD = 8.5) and for the comparison 14.0 years (SD = 8.7; P = 0.05). Survivors were hospitalized, on average, 1.62 (SD = 3.37) times contrasted to 0.79 (SD = 1.73) for the comparison cohort. In multivariable analyses, the hazard ratio (HR) of any hospitalization since 1996 was higher for survivors than the comparison cohort [HR, 1.52, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.31-1.66]. Survivors experienced a higher hospital admission rate [rate ratio (RR) = 1.67; 95% CI, 1.58-1.77] than the comparison cohort. The number of hospitalizations was highest for neuroblastoma (RR = 2.21; 95% CI, 1.84-2.66) and bone tumors (RR = 2.55; 95% CI, 2.14-3.02) in reference to the comparison cohort. Survivors were hospitalized because of blood disorders more often (HR, 14.2; 95% CI, 6.3-32.0).CONCLUSIONS: The risk of hospitalization and lengths of stay are elevated among childhood cancer survivors.IMPACT: Research to identify strategies to prevent and manage survivors' health problems in outpatient settings is needed.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Child', 'Female', 'Hospitalization', 'Humans', 'Length of Stay', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasms', 'Survivors', 'Young Adult']
| 24,925,676
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.406'], ['E02.760.400', 'N02.421.585.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.760.400.480', 'N02.421.585.400.480'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04'], ['M01.860'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Preschool behavioral problems in children prenatally exposed to antiepileptic drugs - a follow-up study.
|
We studied the association between maternal epilepsy, antiepileptic drug (AED) treatment, and behavioral problems in preschool children. In the Danish National Birth Cohort, we identified 4- to 5-year-old children whose mothers had epilepsy and received AED treatment (n=133) or not (n=304) during pregnancy and compared them with randomly selected children whose mothers did not have epilepsy (n=1193). The children's behavioral problems were assessed by the use of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Children prenatally exposed to AEDs more often had an abnormal total SDQ score as compared with children of women without epilepsy (odds ratio (OR)=4.8 (95% CI: 1.9-12.1)) and as compared with children of women with epilepsy who were not treated with AEDs during their pregnancy (OR=4.0 (95% CI: 1.3-12.8)). In conclusion, prenatal AED exposure may increase the risk of behavioral problems in preschool children even after adjustments for potential confounders and maternal epilepsy.
|
['Adult', 'Anticonvulsants', 'Child', 'Child Behavior Disorders', 'Child, Preschool', 'Cohort Studies', 'Denmark', 'Epilepsy', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Pregnancy', 'Pregnancy Complications', 'Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Young Adult']
| 24,090,777
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D27.505.954.427.080'], ['M01.060.406'], ['F03.625.141'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['Z01.542.816.124'], ['C10.228.140.490'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['C13.703'], ['C13.703.824.500'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
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|
Serotonergic modulation of odor input to the mammalian olfactory bulb.
|
Centrifugal serotonergic fibers innervate the olfactory bulb, but the importance of these projections for olfactory processing is unclear. We examined serotonergic modulation of sensory input to olfactory glomeruli using mice that express synaptopHluorin in olfactory receptor neurons (ORN). Odor-evoked synaptic input to glomeruli was attenuated by increased serotonin signaling through serotonin 2C (5-HT2C) receptors and amplified by decreased serotonergic activity. Intravital multiphoton calcium imaging revealed that 5-HT2C receptor activation amplified odor-evoked activity in a subset of juxtaglomerular cells and attenuated glutamate release from ORN terminals via GABA(B) receptors. Endogenous serotonin released by electrical stimulation of the dorsal raphe nucleus attenuated odor-evoked responses without detectable bias in glomerular position or odor identity. Weaker glomerular responses, however, were less sensitive to raphe stimulation than strong responses. Our data indicate that the serotonergic system regulates odor inputs in the olfactory bulb and suggest that behavioral states may alter odor processing at the earliest stages.
|
['Animals', 'Calcium Signaling', 'Cell Differentiation', 'Efferent Pathways', 'Glutamic Acid', 'Mice', 'Mice, Transgenic', 'Nerve Tissue Proteins', 'Olfactory Bulb', 'Olfactory Pathways', 'Olfactory Receptor Neurons', 'Raphe Nuclei', 'Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2C', 'Receptors, GABA-B', 'Sensory Receptor Cells', 'Serotonin', 'Smell', 'Synapses', 'Synaptic Transmission']
| 19,430,472
|
[['B01.050'], ['G02.111.820.800.100', 'G03.143.500.100', 'G04.835.800.100'], ['G04.152'], ['A08.612.380'], ['D12.125.067.625.349', 'D12.125.119.409.349', 'D12.125.427.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.136.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800'], ['D12.776.631'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.388'], ['A08.186.211.180.699', 'A08.612.220.640'], ['A04.531.520.573.580', 'A04.760.600.640.640', 'A08.675.650.915.500.540', 'A08.800.950.500.540', 'A09.531.623.580', 'A10.615.550.760.600.640.640', 'A11.671.650.915.500.540'], ['A08.186.211.132.659.413.875.618', 'A08.186.211.132.810.428.600.650.562', 'A08.186.211.132.810.591.500.662'], ['D12.776.543.750.670.800.200.200', 'D12.776.543.750.695.800.200.200', 'D12.776.543.750.720.850.200.200'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.300', 'D12.776.543.750.720.200.300.320'], ['A08.675.650.915', 'A08.800.950', 'A11.671.650.915'], ['D02.092.211.215.801.852', 'D03.633.100.473.914.814', 'D23.469.050.650'], ['F02.830.816.643', 'G11.561.790.643'], ['A08.850', 'A11.284.149.165.420.780'], ['G02.111.820.850', 'G04.835.850', 'G07.265.880', 'G11.561.830']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Unusual fibularis (peroneus) muscle.
|
Routine dissection has identified a previously unrecorded fibularis (peroneus) muscle in a 74-year-old male cadaver. The anomalous fibularis muscle was found lying immediately antero-medial to the fibularis longus (FL) muscle of the left leg. The anomalous muscle arose from the muscle belly of the FL in the proximal 1/2 of the leg. The muscle belly gave way to a long slender tendon that continued distally behind the lateral malleolus and inserted onto the superficial aspect of the inferior fibular retinaculum. The current finding and clinical significance are discussed.
|
['Aged', 'Anatomic Variation', 'Humans', 'Leg', 'Male', 'Muscle, Skeletal']
| 25,431,295
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['G07.049', 'G16.117.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A01.378.610.500'], ['A02.633.567', 'A10.690.552.500']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Dhx34 and Nbas function in the NMD pathway and are required for embryonic development in zebrafish.
|
The nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) pathway is a highly conserved surveillance mechanism that is present in all eukaryotes. It prevents the synthesis of truncated proteins by selectively degrading mRNAs harbouring premature termination codons (PTCs). The core NMD effectors were originally identified in genetic screens in Saccharomyces cerevisae and in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, and subsequently by homology searches in other metazoans. A genome-wide RNAi screen in C. elegans resulted in the identification of two novel NMD genes that are essential for proper embryonic development. Their human orthologues, DHX34 and NAG/NBAS, are required for NMD in human cells. Here, we find that the zebrafish genome encodes orthologues of DHX34 and NAG/NBAS. We show that the morpholino-induced depletion of zebrafish Dhx34 and Nbas proteins results in severe developmental defects and reduced embryonic viability. We also found that Dhx34 and Nbas are required for degradation of PTC-containing mRNAs in zebrafish embryos. The phenotypes observed in both Dhx34 and Nbas morphants are similar to defects in Upf1, Smg-5- or Smg-6- depleted embryos, suggesting that these factors affect the same pathway and confirming that zebrafish embryogenesis requires an active NMD pathway.
|
['Animals', 'Codon, Nonsense', 'Embryo, Nonmammalian', 'Embryonic Development', 'Humans', 'Neoplasm Proteins', 'RNA Helicases', 'RNA Stability', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Zebrafish', 'Zebrafish Proteins']
| 21,227,923
|
[['B01.050'], ['D13.444.735.544.355.250.235', 'G05.360.335.355.250.235', 'G05.365.590.195'], ['A13.350', 'A16.331'], ['G07.345.500.325.180', 'G08.686.784.170.104'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.624'], ['D08.811.913.696.445.735.720'], ['G02.111.780'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['B01.050.150.900.493.200.244.828'], ['D12.776.325.500']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Glycated hemoglobin and related factors in diabetic children and adolescents under 18 years of age: a Belgian experience.
|
OBJECTIVE: To determine, in an unselected population of diabetic children and adolescents < 18 years of age, which HbA1c levels can be achieved, and to examine the relationships with insulin regimen, insulin dose, sex, diabetes duration, BM1, and frequency of home blood glucose monitoring (HBGM) and outpatient clinic attendance.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: A total of 144 unselected subjects (73 boys and 71 girls) aged 11.8 +/- 3.7 years (mean +/- SD) were included in the study over a 6-month period. They had diabetes durations ranging from 5 months to 15 years (4.0 +/- 3.0). They were followed by the same pediatric diabetologist and the same nurse. The yearly frequency of visits was 8.9 +/- 2.0, and the monthly frequency of HBGM was 111 +/- 27. Of the patients, 129 were treated with two daily insulin injections of an individualized mixture of rapid- and intermediate-acting insulins, and 15 adolescents were treated with four injections using the basal-bolus regimen. The patients were divided into two subgroups according to diabetes duration: < or = 2 years (n = 53) and > 2 years (n = 91), i.e., outside the honeymoon period. HbA1c was measured by a high-pressure liquid chromatography method (normal values 3.9-5.5%).RESULTS: The mean +/- SD HbA1c level in the 144 children and adolescents was 6.6 +/- 1.2% using our method. In 62% of the patients, it was possible to obtain an HbA1c level under the normal mean value plus 5 SD. HbA1c was not related to sex, number of insulin injections, or age, i.e., it was not poorer at adolescence. The mean daily insulin dose was 0.9 U/kg body wt, being lower during the first 2 years of diabetes and reaching 1 U at adolescence. HbA1c levels were lower during the first 2 years of diabetes (6.2 +/- 1.0%) than afterwards (6.9 +/- 1.2%), but the frequencies of outpatient visits and HBGM were higher. After 2 years, HbA1c was negatively correlated with the frequency of HBGM. The yearly incidence rate of severe hypoglycemic episodes was 0.2. After the age of 13 years, BM1 was significantly higher in girls and in adolescents on four daily injections.CONCLUSIONS: In nearly two-thirds of diabetic children and adolescents, it is possible to obtain HbA1c levels under the normal mean plus 5 SD, which is considered satisfactory and close to that of the adult cohort of the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) with intensive treatment. There is no difference between the children on only two daily insulin injections and the adolescents on four injections. After 2 years of diabetes, increased frequency of HBGM helps reduce HbA1c levels, taking into account the "intensive" education of the patients and their families. Adolescent girls on four injections must pay attention to the risk of becoming overweight.
|
['Adolescent', 'Age Factors', 'Belgium', 'Blood Glucose', 'Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring', 'Body Mass Index', 'Child', 'Cohort Studies', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Diabetes Mellitus', 'Female', 'Glycated Hemoglobin A', 'Humans', 'Hypoglycemic Agents', 'Insulin', 'Male', 'Regression Analysis', 'Sex Factors', 'Time Factors']
| 9,028,684
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['Z01.542.115'], ['D09.947.875.359.448.500'], ['E01.370.225.124.100.105', 'E01.370.374.100', 'E01.370.520.100', 'E02.900.950.500', 'E05.200.124.100.105'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.125', 'E05.041.124.125', 'G07.100.100.125', 'N06.850.505.200.100.175'], ['M01.060.406'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['C18.452.394.750', 'C19.246'], ['D09.400.430.937', 'D12.776.124.400.405.440', 'D12.776.395.381', 'D12.776.422.316.762.380.440'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D27.505.696.422'], ['D06.472.699.587.200.500.625', 'D12.644.548.586.200.500.625'], ['E05.318.740.750', 'N05.715.360.750.695', 'N06.850.520.830.750'], ['N05.715.350.675', 'N06.850.490.875'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Effect of aliskiren on postdischarge mortality and heart failure readmissions among patients hospitalized for heart failure: the ASTRONAUT randomized trial.
|
IMPORTANCE: Hospitalizations for heart failure (HHF) represent a major health burden, with high rates of early postdischarge rehospitalization and mortality.OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether aliskiren, a direct renin inhibitor, when added to standard therapy, would reduce the rate of cardiovascular (CV) death or HF rehospitalization among HHF patients.DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: International, double-blind, placebo-controlled study that randomized hemodynamically stable HHF patients a median 5 days after admission. Eligible patients were 18 years or older with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) 40% or less, elevated natriuretic peptides (brain natriuretic peptide [BNP] ? 400 pg/mL or N -terminal pro-BNP [NT-proBNP] ? 1600 pg/mL), and signs and symptoms of fluid overload. Patients were recruited from 316 sites across North and South America, Europe, and Asia between May 2009 and December 2011. The follow-up period ended in July 2012.INTERVENTION: All patients received 150 mg (increased to 300 mg as tolerated) of aliskiren or placebo daily, in addition to standard therapy. The study drug was continued after discharge for a median 11.3 months. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Cardiovascular death or HF rehospitalization at 6 months and 12 months.RESULTS: In total, 1639 patients were randomized, with 1615 patients included in the final efficacy analysis cohort (808 aliskiren, 807 placebo). Mean age was 65 years; mean LVEF, 28%; 41% of patients had diabetes mellitus, mean estimated glomerular filtration rate, 67 mL/min/1.73 m2. At admission and randomization, median NT-proBNP levels were 4239 pg/mL and 2718 pg/mL, respectively. At randomization, patients were receiving diuretics (95.9%), â-blockers (82.5%), angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor blockers (84.2%), and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (57.0%). In total, 24.9% of patients receiving aliskiren (77 CV deaths, 153 HF rehospitalizations) and 26.5% of patients receiving placebo (85 CV deaths, 166 HF rehospitalizations) experienced the primary end point at 6 months (hazard ratio [HR], 0.92; 95% CI, 0.76-1.12; P = .41). At 12 months, the event rates were 35.0% for the aliskiren group (126 CV deaths, 212 HF rehospitalizations) and 37.3% for the placebo group (137 CV deaths, 224 HF rehospitalizations; HR, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.79-1.09; P = .36). The rates of hyperkalemia, hypotension, and renal impairment/renal failure were higher in the aliskiren group compared with placebo.CONCLUSION AND RELEVANCE: Among patients hospitalized for HF with reduced LVEF, initiation of aliskiren in addition to standard therapy did not reduce CV death or HF rehospitalization at 6 months or 12 months after discharge.TRIAL REGISTRATION: clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00894387.
|
['Aged', 'Amides', 'Antihypertensive Agents', 'Double-Blind Method', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Fumarates', 'Heart Failure', 'Hospitalization', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Patient Readmission', 'Renin', 'Stroke Volume', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Ventricular Dysfunction, Left']
| 23,478,743
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['D02.065'], ['D27.505.954.411.162'], ['E05.318.370.300', 'E05.581.500.300', 'N05.715.360.325.320', 'N06.850.520.445.300'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['D02.241.081.337.302'], ['C14.280.434'], ['E02.760.400', 'N02.421.585.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E02.760.400.620', 'N02.421.585.400.620'], ['D08.811.277.656.074.500.780', 'D08.811.277.656.300.048.780', 'D08.811.277.656.837.750'], ['E01.370.370.380.150.700', 'G09.330.380.124.882'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['C14.280.945.900']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Diversity in junctional sequences associated with the common human V gamma 9 and V delta 2 gene segments in normal blood and lung compared with the limited diversity in a granulomatous disease.
|
The T cell receptor (TCR) junctional regions (N regions) of the common human V gamma 9 and V delta 2 gene segments were sequenced from the blood and lung of normal individuals (195 transcripts) and a group of individuals with sarcoidosis (220 transcripts), a granulomatous disease in which increased numbers of V gamma 9+ gamma/delta + T cells are often observed. In normal individuals, the vast majority (86%) of blood V gamma 9 transcripts used the J gamma P gene segment. In contrast to this restriction of J region usage, there was a large diversity of the junctional region, with less than 20% of blood V gamma 9 junctional regions showing identical sequences for any one normal individual. For the blood V delta 2 transcripts in normal individuals, there was restriction of J region usage, with 93% using J delta 1. The junctional regions were even more diverse than for V gamma 9, with a unique sequence observed in each transcript examined. Compared with blood, sequences from the normal lung showed a small increase in identical junctional regions, particularly in one individual where 46% of V gamma 9 transcripts examined were identical, suggesting a response of some gamma/delta T cells to antigens found in the lung in the normal state. In marked contrast to normals, some individuals with sarcoidosis had large numbers of V gamma 9 transcripts, as well as V delta 2 transcripts, sharing identical sequences. For V gamma 9 blood transcripts, two individuals showed 84 and 56% of junctional region sequences to be identical, respectively. Similarly, blood V delta 2 transcripts showed 43, 33, and 25% identical junctional region sequences in three individuals. In the sarcoid patient with the most striking over-representation of blood V gamma 9 junctional sequences, lung V gamma 9 transcripts showed increased (67%) use of the same junctional region sequence as in blood. This limited diversity of TCR junctional regions among some individuals with sarcoidosis suggests a response from specific stimuli, possibly antigenic, and that gamma/delta T cells may play a specific role in granuloma formation in sarcoidosis, as has been suggested in other granulomatous diseases.
|
['Adult', 'Antibodies, Monoclonal', 'Base Sequence', 'DNA', 'Female', 'Flow Cytometry', 'Gene Expression', 'Genetic Variation', 'Humans', 'Lung', 'Male', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Phenotype', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell', 'Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta', 'Sarcoidosis', 'Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid', 'T-Lymphocytes']
| 2,141,626
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['D13.444.308'], ['E01.370.225.500.363.342', 'E01.370.225.500.386.350', 'E05.196.712.516.600.240.350', 'E05.200.500.363.342', 'E05.200.500.386.350', 'E05.242.363.342', 'E05.242.386.350'], ['G05.297'], ['G05.365'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A04.411'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G05.695'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.816.824'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.816.824.830'], ['C15.604.515.827'], ['G02.111.810.550', 'G05.810.550'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.569', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Assessment of safety and protective value of a cell culture modified strain "C" vaccine of hog cholera/classical swine fever virus.
|
The protective value of a commercial strain "C" vaccine of classical swine fever (CSF) was tested in weaner pigs. Vaccinated animals were challenged intranasally with the virulent hog cholera virus (HCV) strain ALFORT/187 in groups of four pigs each at one to four weeks post vaccination, respectively. Non-vaccinated control animals were challenged in the same manner. Some vaccinated pigs seroconverted as early as one week post vaccination with all pigs yielding neutralizing antibodies (nAb) against the vaccine virus at two weeks post vaccination. After challenge no clinical signs were observed in any of the vaccinated animals whereas non-vaccinated control animals developed fever starting in general on the fourth day post challenge. In vaccinated pigs no challenge virus could be isolated from leucocyte samples taken on days 3 to 7 post challenge while HCV was isolated from buffy coat leucocytes of all non-vaccinated animals. Six out of eight control animals were sacrificed and viral antigen was detected in tonsils, mandibular lymph node and spleen in four animals, exclusively in tonsils in one animal and none in another animal. Two non-vaccinated animals that survived the experiment seroconverted after challenge and developed nAb against the HCV strain ALFORT/187.
|
['Animals', 'Antibodies, Viral', 'Antigens, Viral', 'Classical Swine Fever', 'Classical Swine Fever Virus', 'Neutralization Tests', 'Swine', 'Vaccination', 'Viral Vaccines']
| 7,779,071
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.254', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.254', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.254'], ['D23.050.327'], ['C01.925.782.350.675.200', 'C22.905.170'], ['B04.820.578.344.700.125'], ['E01.370.225.812.735.550', 'E05.200.812.735.550', 'E05.478.594.760.550'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.880'], ['E02.095.465.425.400.530.890', 'E05.478.550.600.890', 'N02.421.726.758.310.890', 'N06.850.780.200.425.900', 'N06.850.780.680.310.890'], ['D20.215.894.899']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Scalable fabrication of self-aligned graphene transistors and circuits on glass.
|
Graphene transistors are of considerable interest for radio frequency (rf) applications. High-frequency graphene transistors with the intrinsic cutoff frequency up to 300 GHz have been demonstrated. However, the graphene transistors reported to date only exhibit a limited extrinsic cutoff frequency up to about 10 GHz, and functional graphene circuits demonstrated so far can merely operate in the tens of megahertz regime, far from the potential the graphene transistors could offer. Here we report a scalable approach to fabricate self-aligned graphene transistors with the extrinsic cutoff frequency exceeding 50 GHz and graphene circuits that can operate in the 1-10 GHz regime. The devices are fabricated on a glass substrate through a self-aligned process by using chemical vapor deposition (CVD) grown graphene and a dielectrophoretic assembled nanowire gate array. The self-aligned process allows the achievement of unprecedented performance in CVD graphene transistors with a highest transconductance of 0.36 mS/ìm. The use of an insulating substrate minimizes the parasitic capacitance and has therefore enabled graphene transistors with a record-high extrinsic cutoff frequency (> 50 GHz) achieved to date. The excellent extrinsic cutoff frequency readily allows configuring the graphene transistors into frequency doubling or mixing circuits functioning in the 1-10 GHz regime, a significant advancement over previous reports (?20 MHz). The studies open a pathway to scalable fabrication of high-speed graphene transistors and functional circuits and represent a significant step forward to graphene based radio frequency devices.
|
['Equipment Design', 'Equipment Failure Analysis', 'Graphite', 'Molecular Conformation', 'Nanostructures', 'Transistors, Electronic']
| 21,648,419
|
[['E05.320'], ['E05.325.192'], ['D01.268.150.300', 'D01.578.300'], ['G02.111.570.820'], ['J01.637.512'], ['E07.305.625.714']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Haplotype mapping of a major quantitative-trait locus for fetal hemoglobin production, on chromosome 6q23.
|
Fetal hemoglobin (Hb F) and fetal cell (FC) levels in adults show considerable variation and are influenced by several genetic variants; the major determinants appear to be unlinked to the beta-globin gene cluster. Recently, a trans-acting locus controlling Hb F and FC production has been mapped to chromosome 6q23 in an Asian Indian kindred that includes individuals with heterocellular hereditary persistence of Hb F (HPFH) associated with beta thalassemia. We have extended the kindred by 57 members, bringing the total studied to 210, and have saturated the region with 26 additional markers. Linkage analysis showed tight linkage of the quantitative-trait locus (QTL) to the anonymous markers D6S976 (LOD score 11.3; recombination fraction .00) and D6S270 (LOD score 7.4; recombination fraction .00). Key recombination events now place this QTL within a 1-2-cM interval spanning approximately 1.5 Mb between D6S270 and D6S1626. Furthermore, haplotype analysis has led to a reevaluation of the genealogy and to the identification of additional relationships in the kindred.
|
['Chromosome Mapping', 'Chromosomes, Human, Pair 6', 'Female', 'Fetal Hemoglobin', 'Genetic Linkage', 'Genotype', 'Haplotypes', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Microsatellite Repeats', 'Pedigree', 'Quantitative Trait, Heritable']
| 9,585,587
|
[['E05.393.183'], ['A11.284.187.520.300.325.330', 'G05.360.162.520.300.325.330'], ['D12.776.124.400.303', 'D12.776.422.316.762.320'], ['G05.348'], ['G05.380'], ['G05.380.360'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G02.111.570.080.708.800.500', 'G05.360.080.708.800.500', 'G05.360.340.024.850.500'], ['E05.393.673'], ['G05.420.720']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Eukaryotic expression, purification of human IgECepsilon2-4 protein and its target fishing].
|
Objective To construct eukaryotic expression vectors of human IgE heavy chain 2-4 region (IgECepsilon2-4) and purify the recombinant protein, and then capture its interacted proteins by surface plasmon resonance (SPR). Methods Three recombinant eukaryotic expression vectors of IgECepsilon2-4 containing different signal peptides were constructed and transiently transfected into HEK293FT suspension cells separately. The recombinant plasmid with the highest-level expression was selected to express the recombinant protein in a huge amount, and then the recombinant protein was purified by Ni-NTA affinity chromatography. The interaction between high-affinity IgE receptor (FcepsilonR I) of KU812 cell surface and IgECepsilon2-4 was identified by immunofluorescence cytochemistry. The unknown proteins that specifically interacted with IgECepsilon2-4 were captured from human serum by SPR technique. Results The recombinant plasmid containing the signal peptide III showed the highest expression (6.2 mg/L). Highly purified recombinant protein IgECepsilon2-4 was obtained by affinity purification. Immunofluorescence cytochemistry showed that the recombinant protein IgECepsilon2-4 could be combined with the surface receptor of KU812 cells. Thirty-nine kinds of proteins which were likely to interact with IgECepsilon2-4 were captured from human serum by SPR. Conclusion We obtained the purified recombinant protein IgECepsilon2-4 that could be combined with KU812 cell surface receptor. Target fishing experiment revealed that the recombinant protein IgECepsilon2-4 was likely to interact with 39 kinds of proteins in human serum.
|
['Blotting, Western', 'Chromatography, Affinity', 'Cloning, Molecular', 'Eukaryotic Cells', 'HEK293 Cells', 'Humans', 'Immunoglobulin E', 'Immunoglobulin epsilon-Chains', 'Recombinant Proteins', 'Transfection']
| 29,773,100
|
[['E05.196.401.143', 'E05.301.300.096', 'E05.478.566.320.200', 'E05.601.262', 'E05.601.470.320.200'], ['E05.196.181.400.170'], ['E05.393.220'], ['A11.450'], ['A11.251.210.172.750', 'A11.436.334'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.619.312', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.619.312', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.619.312'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.619.312.500', 'D12.776.124.486.485.705.500.370', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.619.312.500', 'D12.776.124.790.651.705.500.370', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.619.312.500', 'D12.776.377.715.548.705.500.370'], ['D12.776.828'], ['E05.393.350.810', 'G05.728.860']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Vascular conductance is reduced after menthol or cold application.
|
OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of commercially sold menthol (3.5%) ointment and cold application on blood flow in the forearm.DESIGN: : Prospective counterbalanced design.SETTING: University research laboratory.PARTICIPANTS: Twelve (6 men and 6 women) college-aged students.INTERVENTIONS: Each participant had blood flow measured in the brachial artery for 5 minutes before and 10 minutes after menthol ointment or cold application to the forearm.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Blood velocity, arterial diameter size, and blood pressure were recorded during testing procedures. Vascular conductance was calculated based on these measures and used to describe limb blood flow.RESULTS: We observed a significant reduction (35%; P = 0.004) in vascular conductance within 60 seconds of menthol and cold application to the forearm. Vascular conductance remained significantly reduced for 10 minutes by approximately 19% after both menthol and cold application [F(2.313, 43.594) = 10.328, P < 0.0001]. There was no significant difference between conditions [F(1, 19) = 0.000, P = 0.945].CONCLUSIONS: The application of a 3.5% menthol ointment significantly reduces conductance in the brachial artery within 60 seconds of application, and this effect is maintained for at least 10 minutes after application. The overall decline in conductance is similar between menthol ointment and cold application.
|
['Adult', 'Analysis of Variance', 'Antipruritics', 'Arm', 'Blood Flow Velocity', 'Blood Pressure', 'Brachial Artery', 'Cold Temperature', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Menthol', 'Ointments', 'Prospective Studies', 'Statistics as Topic', 'Students', 'Universities', 'Young Adult']
| 20,818,196
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E05.318.740.150', 'N05.715.360.750.125', 'N06.850.520.830.150'], ['D27.505.954.444.075'], ['A01.378.800.075'], ['E01.370.370.130', 'G09.330.380.630.080'], ['E01.370.600.875.249', 'G09.330.380.076'], ['A07.015.114.139'], ['G01.906.595.272', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710.300', 'G16.500.750.775.710.300', 'N06.230.300.100.725.154', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D02.033.415.510.500.605', 'D02.455.426.392.368.367.211.750', 'D02.455.849.575.157.500', 'D10.289.510.500.605'], ['D26.255.640'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E05.318.740', 'H01.548.832', 'N05.715.360.750', 'N06.850.520.830'], ['M01.848'], ['I02.783.830', 'J03.832.830'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Taxanes enhance trastuzumab-mediated ADCC on tumor cells through NKG2D-mediated NK cell recognition.
|
Recent clinical data indicate a synergistic therapeutic effect between trastuzumab and taxanes in neoadjuvantly treated HER2-positive breast cancer (BC) patients. In HER2+ BC experimental models and patients, we investigated whether this synergy depends on the ability of drug-induced stress to improve NK cell effectiveness and thus trastuzumab-mediated ADCC. HER2+ BC cell lines BT474 and MDAMB361 treated with docetaxel showed up-modulation of NK activator ligands both in vitro and in vivo, accompanied by a 15-40% increase in in vitro trastuzumab-mediated ADCC; antibodies blocking the NKG2D receptor significantly reduced this enhancement. NKG2D receptor expression was increased by docetaxel treatment in circulating and splenic NK cells from mice xenografted with tumor cells, an increase related to expansion of the CD11b+Ly6G+ cell population. Accordingly, NK cells derived from HER2+ BC patients after treatment with taxane-containing therapy expressed higher levels of NKG2D receptor than before treatment. Moreover, plasma obtained from these patients recapitulated the modulation of NKG2D on healthy donors' NK cells, improving their trastuzumab-mediated activity in vitro. This enhancement occurred mainly using plasma from patients with low NKG2D basal expression. Our results indicate that taxanes increase tumor susceptibility to ADCC by acting on tumor and NK cells, and suggest that taxanes concomitantly administered with trastuzumab could maximize the antibody effect, especially in patients with low basal immune effector cytotoxic activity.
|
['Animals', 'Antibodies, Blocking', 'Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity', 'Antineoplastic Agents', 'Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols', 'Blotting, Western', 'Breast Neoplasms', 'Bridged-Ring Compounds', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Docetaxel', 'Drug Synergism', 'Female', 'GPI-Linked Proteins', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic', 'Histocompatibility Antigens Class I', 'Humans', 'Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins', 'Killer Cells, Natural', 'Mice, SCID', 'NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily K', 'Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Taxoids', 'Trastuzumab', 'Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays']
| 26,595,802
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.143', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.143', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.143'], ['G12.287.070'], ['D27.505.954.248'], ['E02.183.750.500', 'E02.319.077.500', 'E02.319.310.037'], ['E05.196.401.143', 'E05.301.300.096', 'E05.478.566.320.200', 'E05.601.262', 'E05.601.470.320.200'], ['C04.588.180', 'C17.800.090.500'], ['D02.455.426.100', 'D04.075'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['A11.251'], ['D02.455.426.392.368.242.888.389', 'D02.455.849.291.850.389'], ['G07.690.773.968.477'], ['D12.776.395.550.448', 'D12.776.543.484.500', 'D12.776.543.550.418'], ['G05.308.370'], ['D12.776.395.550.489', 'D12.776.543.550.439', 'D23.050.301.500.100', 'D23.050.705.552.100'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.644.276', 'D12.776.467', 'D23.529'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.537', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.537', 'A15.382.490.555.567.537'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.780'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.895.800.910'], ['E05.393.620.500.725'], ['D02.455.426.392.368.242.888', 'D02.455.849.291.850'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224.060.875', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224.060.875', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224.200.875'], ['E05.337.550.200.900', 'E05.624.850']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
N. raphe magnus lesions disrupt stimulation-produced analgesia from ventral but not dorsal midbrain areas in the rat.
|
We previously found that the opiate antagonist, naloxone, partially blocks stimulation-produced analgesia (SPA) elicited from ventral but not dorsal regions of the medial midbrain in rats. The present study compares the effects of n. raphe magnus (NRM) lesions on SPA from these same two midbrain areas. SPA thresholds were measured with the tail-flick method and compared before and for up to two weeks after NRM lesions. A high positive correlation was found between percent NRM destruction and percent increase in SPA threshold for rats with ventral but not dorsal electrode placements. Damage to brain areas other than NRM seemed not to contribute to these effects. We conclude that n. raphe magnus is a critical relay in the pain-suppressive path from that area of the rat midbrain mediating an opioid form of stimulation-produced analgesia.
|
['Animals', 'Brain Stem', 'Electric Stimulation', 'Ganglia, Spinal', 'Male', 'Mesencephalon', 'Naloxone', 'Nociceptors', 'Periaqueductal Gray', 'Raphe Nuclei', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Strains', 'Receptors, Opioid', 'Sensory Thresholds', 'Synaptic Transmission']
| 6,301,628
|
[['B01.050'], ['A08.186.211.132'], ['E05.723.402'], ['A08.340.390.340', 'A08.800.350.340', 'A08.800.800.720.725.350'], ['A08.186.211.132.659'], ['D03.132.577.249.706', 'D03.605.497.750', 'D03.633.400.686.750', 'D04.615.723.795.706'], ['A08.675.650.915.875', 'A08.800.950.875', 'A11.671.650.915.875'], ['A08.186.211.132.659.413.875.595'], ['A08.186.211.132.659.413.875.618', 'A08.186.211.132.810.428.600.650.562', 'A08.186.211.132.810.591.500.662'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.620', 'D12.776.543.750.720.600.610', 'D12.776.543.750.750.555.610'], ['F02.463.593.710'], ['G02.111.820.850', 'G04.835.850', 'G07.265.880', 'G11.561.830']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Crocin promotes non-rapid eye movement sleep in mice.
|
Crocus sativus L. (saffron) has been traditionally used for the treatment of insomnia and other diseases of the nervous systems. Two carotenoid pigments, crocin and crocetin, are the major components responsible for the various pharmacological activities of C. sativus L. In this study, we examined the sleep-promoting activity of crocin and crocetin by monitoring the locomotor activity and electroencephalogram after administration of these components to mice. Crocin (30 and 100 mg/kg) increased the total time of non-rapid eye movement (non-REM) sleep by 60 and 170%, respectively, during a 4-h period from 20:00 to 24:00 after its intraperitoneal administration at a lights-off time of 20:00. Crocetin (100 mg/kg) also increased the total time of non-REM sleep by 50% after the administration. These compounds did not change the amount of REM sleep or show any adverse effects, such as rebound insomnia, after the induction of sleep.
|
['Administration, Oral', 'Animals', 'Carotenoids', 'Crocus', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Electroencephalography', 'Injections, Intraperitoneal', 'Mice', 'Sleep Stages', 'Sleep, REM', 'Time']
| 22,038,919
|
[['E02.319.267.100'], ['B01.050'], ['D02.455.326.271.665.202', 'D02.455.426.392.368.367.379.249', 'D02.455.849.131', 'D23.767.261'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.618.100.400.500'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['E01.370.376.300', 'E01.370.405.245'], ['E02.319.267.530.490'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['F02.830.855.796', 'G11.561.803.754'], ['F02.830.855.796.671', 'G11.561.803.754.671'], ['G01.910']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Removal of cyanobacteria and control of algal organic matter by simultaneous oxidation and coagulation - comparing the H2
|
Cyanobacterial blooms in drinking water are worldwide concern. It is known that pre-oxidation enhanced coagulation can be more efficient at removing algae than traditional coagulation. However, its application is hindered by high oxidant/coagulant consumption and the resultant potential health risk, in the form of algal organic matter (AOM) released during oxidation. To remove the cyanobacteria and meanwhile ensure cell integrity, H2O2/Fe(II) and H2O2/Fe(III), which have been widely used to degrade organic pollutants in waters, are proposed in this study. The removal efficiency of Microcystis aeruginosa (M. aeruginosa) under various oxidant/coagulant dosages, AOM release and cell integrity, as well as floc formation and morphology were investigated with these simultaneous oxidation/coagulation processes. The results show that the removal efficiency was higher than 95% with H2O2/Fe(II) and H2O2/Fe(III) under 100 ìmol/L H2O2 and Fe. In addition, neither method was found to damage the algal cells in 50-200 ìmol/L H2O2 dosing concentrations. It was also found that AOM, including microcystins (MCs), was well controlled owing to the oxidation of H2O2 or hydroxyl radicals, and in-situ Fe(III) settled down the cells in the processes. Compared with H2O2/Fe(II), H2O2/Fe(III) could remove algae efficiently and control AOM release with lower H2O2 (50 ìmol/L) and Fe(III) (80 ìmol/L) dosages, which suggests that a low chemical consumption is suitable for this simultaneous oxidation/coagulation processes. This is a promising technology for the removal of algae from drinking water in a clean, economical way.
|
['Cyanobacteria', 'Ferric Compounds', 'Ferrous Compounds', 'Hydrogen Peroxide', 'Microcystis', 'Oxidation-Reduction', 'Water Purification']
| 32,325,594
|
[['B03.280', 'B03.440.475.100'], ['D01.490.100'], ['D01.490.200'], ['D01.248.497.158.685.750.424', 'D01.339.431.374.424', 'D01.650.550.750.400', 'D02.389.338.253'], ['B03.280.500', 'B03.440.475.100.500'], ['G02.700', 'G03.295.531'], ['N06.850.780.200.800.800.900.900', 'N06.850.860.510.900.900']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Differential regulation of gonadotropin-releasing hormone neuron activity and membrane properties by acutely applied estradiol: dependence on dose and estrogen receptor subtype.
|
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons are critical to controlling fertility. In vivo, estradiol can inhibit or stimulate GnRH release depending on concentration and physiological state. We examined rapid, nongenomic effects of estradiol. Whole-cell recordings were made of GnRH neurons in brain slices from ovariectomized mice with ionotropic GABA and glutamate receptors blocked. Estradiol was bath applied and measurements completed within 15 min. Estradiol from high physiological (preovulatory) concentrations (100 pm) to 100 nm enhanced action potential firing, reduced afterhyperpolarizing potential (AHP) and increased slow afterdepolarization amplitudes (ADP), and reduced I(AHP) and enhanced I(ADP). The reduction of I(AHP) was occluded by previous blockade of calcium-activated potassium channels. These effects were mimicked by an estrogen receptor (ER) beta-specific agonist and were blocked by the classical receptor antagonist ICI182780. ERalpha or GPR30 agonists had no effect. The acute stimulatory effect of high physiological estradiol on firing rate was dependent on signaling via protein kinase A. In contrast, low physiological levels of estradiol (10 pm) did not affect intrinsic properties. Without blockade of ionotropic GABA and glutamate receptors, however, 10 pm estradiol reduced firing of GnRH neurons; this was mimicked by an ERalpha agonist. ERalpha agonists reduced the frequency of GABA transmission to GnRH neurons; GABA can excite to these cells. In contrast, ERbeta agonists increased GABA transmission and postsynaptic response. These data suggest rapid intrinsic and network modulation of GnRH neurons by estradiol is dependent on both dose and receptor subtype. In cooperation with genomic actions, nongenomic effects may play a role in feedback regulation of GnRH secretion.
|
['Animals', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Drug Administration Schedule', 'Estradiol', 'Estrogen Receptor alpha', 'Estrogen Receptor beta', 'Female', 'Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone', 'Membrane Potentials', 'Mice', 'Neurons', 'Protein Subunits', 'Receptors, Estrogen', 'Time Factors']
| 19,403,828
|
[['B01.050'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['E02.319.283'], ['D04.210.500.365.415.248', 'D06.472.334.851.437.500'], ['D12.776.826.750.350.174'], ['D12.776.826.750.350.262'], ['D06.472.699.327.740.320', 'D12.644.400.400.740.320', 'D12.644.456.460', 'D12.644.548.365.740.320', 'D12.776.631.650.405.740.320'], ['G01.154.535', 'G04.580', 'G07.265.675', 'G11.561.570'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['A08.675', 'A11.671'], ['D12.776.813'], ['D12.776.826.750.350', 'D12.776.930.778.350'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The spared nerve injury (SNI) model of induced mechanical allodynia in mice.
|
Peripheral neuropathic pain is a severe chronic pain condition which may result from trauma to sensory nerves in the peripheral nervous system. The spared nerve injury (SNI) model induces symptoms of neuropathic pain such as mechanical allodynia i.e. pain due to tactile stimuli that do not normally provoke a painful response [1]. The SNI mouse model involves ligation of two of the three branches of the sciatic nerve (the tibial nerve and the common peroneal nerve), while the sural nerve is left intact [2]. The lesion results in marked hypersensitivity in the lateral area of the paw, which is innervated by the spared sural nerve. The non-operated side of the mouse can be used as a control. The advantages of the SNI model are the robustness of the response and that it doesn't require expert microsurgical skills. The threshold for mechanical pain response is determined by testing with von Frey filaments of increasing bending force, which are repetitively pressed against the lateral area of the paw [3], [4]. A positive pain reaction is defined as sudden paw withdrawal, flinching and/or paw licking induced by the filament. A positive response in three out of five repetitive stimuli is defined as the pain threshold. As demonstrated in the video protocol, C57BL/6 mice experience profound allodynia as early as the day following surgery and maintain this for several weeks.
|
['Animals', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Foot', 'Hyperalgesia', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Pain Measurement', 'Peripheral Nerve Injuries', 'Peripheral Nerves', 'Sciatic Nerve']
| 21,876,524
|
[['B01.050'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['A01.378.610.250'], ['C10.597.751.791.400', 'C23.888.592.763.770.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['E01.370.600.550.324'], ['C10.668.829.712', 'C10.900.575', 'C26.915.650'], ['A08.800.800'], ['A08.800.800.720.450.760']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Information needs of patients and visitors in a district general hospital.
|
A survey of the information needs of patients and visitors to a large District General Hospital was conducted during a one-month period in 1988 to identify sources of information used by patients and their visitors, whether these sources were perceived as adequate and what improvements were suggested. The findings indicate that of 406 respondents, 37% had wanted to know more about a particular condition within the preceding 12 months. The most frequently used sources of information were general practitioners, hospital doctors and nurses, and written material. The most frequent inquires were about disease aetiology and prevention, and the treatment and prognosis of a wide range of medical conditions. Thirty-six per cent of the inquirers had received little or none of the information that they sought. Visitors were more likely than patients to be dissatisfied with presently available sources of information, and patients over 60 years old were more likely to be satisfied than younger groups. Dissatisified persons were most often seeking improved access to doctors and nurses, more explanations from these staff, and more readily available booklets and leaflets. The results are discussed in relation to previous findings with hospital in-patients. They support a stated need in the recent Government White Paper, Working For Patients, for patient information leaflets and for clear and sensitive explanations about what is happening to them in hospital.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Consumer Behavior', 'England', 'Female', 'Health Education', 'Hospitals, District', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Patient Education as Topic', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Visitors to Patients']
| 2,107,307
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['F01.145.236'], ['Z01.542.363.300'], ['I02.233.332', 'N02.421.726.407'], ['N02.278.421.510.140'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['I02.233.332.500', 'N02.421.726.407.680'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['M01.935']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
ABO-incompatible heart transplantation: analysis of the Pediatric Heart Transplant Study (PHTS) database.
|
BACKGROUND: ABO incompatible (ABOi) heart transplantation is an accepted approach to increasing organ availability for young patients. Previous studies have suggested that early survival for ABOi transplants is similar to ABO compatible (ABOc) transplants. We analyzed the Pediatric Heart Transplant Study (PHTS) database from 1/96 to 12/08 to further assess this strategy.METHODS: We analyzed the numbers of ABOi and ABOc done at the PHTS centers. We then compared the clinical characteristics, and short-term freedom from death, rejection and infection in the ABOi patients with the patients that had an ABOc heart transplant during the same period. All patients were less than or equal to 15 months of age at listing (the age of the oldest ABOi patient). We adjusted for co-variates shown to increase risk for mortality (age less than 1 month, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), ventilator, previous sternotomy, and congenital heart disease).RESULTS: There were 931 total transplants done at 34 PHTS centers during the 12 year time period in patients ?15 months of age. Of these, 502 transplants were performed at 20 PHTS centers that did at least one ABOi heart transplant. Eighty-five of the 502 (17%) were ABOi. At time of transplant, ABOi recipients compared with ABOc were more likely to be on a ventilator (49.4% vs 36.5%, p=0.025), and more often supported with ECMO (23.5% vs 13.4%, p=0.018). There was similar survival at 12 months (82% vs 84%, p=0.7). In risk adjusted analysis ABOi status was not associated with 1 year mortality (HR 0.85, 95% CI 0.45-1.6, p=0.61). The ABOi patients had greater freedom from rejection when compared with ABOc patients for all 34 centers (75% vs 62%, p=0.016), but the difference was not significant when limited only to the 20 centers doing ABOi transplants (75% vs 69%, p=0.4). The ABOi cohort had lower infection rates (23.5% vs 37.9%, p = 0.013). This difference remained after adjusting for center and other covariates.CONCLUSIONS: In center and risk adjusted analysis, young children who received an ABOi transplant had equivalent one-year survival and freedom from rejection compared with those who received an ABOc transplant. In spite of the favorable outcome for ABOi recipients, many centers appear to reserve ABOi transplantation for sicker patients. These data mandate reexamination of the current United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) policy that gives priority to ABOc over ABOi transplantation in the United States.
|
['ABO Blood-Group System', 'Blood Group Incompatibility', 'Databases, Factual', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Graft Rejection', 'Heart Transplantation', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Infections', 'North America', 'Risk Factors', 'Survival Analysis', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 22,305,379
|
[['D23.050.301.290.031', 'D23.050.705.230.031'], ['G09.188.114', 'G12.186'], ['L01.313.500.750.300.188.400', 'L01.470.750.750'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['G12.875.545.328'], ['E04.100.376.475', 'E04.928.220.390', 'E04.936.450.475'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['C01'], ['Z01.107.567'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['E05.318.740.998', 'N05.715.360.750.795', 'N06.850.520.830.998'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Influence of prototropic reactions on the absorption and fluorescence spectra of methyl p-dimethylaminobenzoate and its two ortho derivatives.
|
The influence of prototropic reactions on the spectral characteristics of methyl p-dimethylaminobenzoate (I) and its o-methoxy (II) and o-hydroxy (III) derivatives has been studied using steady-state spectroscopic technique and quantum-chemical calculations. This study concerns the solvent-induced shift of the absorption, locally excited (LE) and intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) fluorescence bands in the neat tetrahydrofuran (THF) and its hydrochloric acid solutions at different HCl concentrations. On the basis of the experimental results and quantum-chemical calculations, it was shown that in a hydrochloric acid solution the studied molecules exist as a mixture of neutral, mono-, and dicationic forms. Additionally, the results of spectroscopic measurements were used to calculate, according to the Benesi-Hildebrand method, the equilibrium constants of protopropic reactions in the ground, S(0), and excited, S(1), states. Our findings predestine molecules I and II to be used as acid fluorescence probes in a region of 0-2.5 M of [H(+)] concentrations.
|
['4-Aminobenzoic Acid', 'Molecular Structure', 'Spectrometry, Fluorescence', 'Stereoisomerism', 'para-Aminobenzoates']
| 21,373,816
|
[['D02.241.223.100.050.500.640', 'D02.455.426.559.389.127.020.937.640'], ['G02.111.570', 'G02.466'], ['E05.196.712.516.600.676', 'E05.196.867.726'], ['G02.607.445.682'], ['D02.241.223.100.050.500', 'D02.455.426.559.389.127.020.937']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The use of smart pumps for preventing medication errors.
|
The use of smart pumps can be helpful for preventing medication errors, especially with high-alert drugs in vulnerable critical care patient populations. A literature review was conducted to determine the evidence supporting the use of smart pumps for preventing medication errors. Cinahl and Medline databases from January 2003 through July 2008 were searched for English-language publications on the use of smart pumps and medication errors. Review of these publications revealed that well-designed research is still lacking with respect to the effectiveness of smart pumps in preventing medication errors. Nevertheless, findings indicate new directions for clinical practice and future research.
|
['Databases, Factual', 'Humans', 'Infusions, Intravenous', 'Medical Errors', 'Safety', 'Software', 'United States']
| 20,038,875
|
[['L01.313.500.750.300.188.400', 'L01.470.750.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.319.267.082.500', 'E02.319.267.510.590'], ['N02.421.450'], ['N06.850.135.060.075'], ['L01.224.900'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]
|
['Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Temperature dependence of the infinite dilution activity coefficient and Henry's law constant of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water.
|
The water solubility of 9,10-dihydroanthracene was experimentally determined between 278.12 and 313.17 K. Determinations were carried out by an experimental procedure developed in our laboratory, which is a modification of the dynamic coupled column liquid chromatographic technique. The uncertainty of the experimental determinations ranged from +/- 0.50% to +/- 3.10%. These data, as well as the water solubility data of other five polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) previously studied, were used to calculate the temperature dependence of the infinite dilution activity coefficient of 9,10-dihydroanthracene, anthracene, pyrene, 9,10-dihydrophenanthrene, m-terphenyl, and guaiazulene in water. Molar excess enthalpies and entropies at infinite dilution, at 298.15 K, were also derived. The temperature dependence of the infinite dilution activity coefficients was used, together with literature values of the vapor pressures of supercooled liquid PAHs (p(B)(sc)), to estimate their Henry's law constants (HLC). Only HLC for anthracene, pyrene, and 9,10-dihydrophenanthrene were calculated, since no p(B)(sc) data were available in the literature for 9,10-dihydroanthracene, m-terphenyl, and guaiazulene. From the observed temperature dependence of the Henry's law constants the enthalpy and entropy of the phase change from the dissolved phase to the gas phase were also derived for anthracene, pyrene, and 9,10-dihydrophenanthrene.
|
['Anthracenes', 'Chromatography, Liquid', 'Entropy', 'Phase Transition', 'Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons', 'Pyrenes', 'Solubility', 'Temperature', 'Thermodynamics', 'Water']
| 15,212,897
|
[['D02.455.426.559.847.117', 'D04.615.117'], ['E05.196.181.400'], ['G01.906.345'], ['G01.645', 'G02.734'], ['D02.455.426.559.847', 'D04.615'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.799', 'D04.615.799'], ['G02.805'], ['G01.906.595', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710', 'G16.500.750.775.710', 'N06.230.150.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710'], ['G01.906'], ['D01.045.250.875', 'D01.248.497.158.459.650', 'D01.650.550.925']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Predicting childhood obesity prevention behaviors using social cognitive theory among upper elementary African-American children.
|
Childhood obesity is a major public health problem in the African-American community. Commonly suggested public health strategies to reduce childhood obesity are limiting television viewing, encouraging daily moderately intense physical activity of at least 60 minutes per day, increasing fruit and vegetable intake to five or more cups per day, and increasing water consumption. This study examined the extent to which selected social cognitive theory constructs can predict these four behaviors in African-American upper elementary children. A 56-item valid and reliable scale was administered to 222 students. Glasses of water consumed were predicted by self-control for drinking water and self-efficacy for drinking water (R2 = 0.123). Fruits and vegetables consumed were predicted by self-efficacy for eating fruits and vegetables (R2 = 0.083). For designing primary prevention interventions to reduce childhood obesity in the African-American community, social cognitive theory provides a useful framework.
|
['African Americans', 'Cognition', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Diet', 'Female', 'Health Behavior', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Motor Activity', 'Obesity', 'Primary Prevention', 'Self Efficacy', 'Television', 'United States', 'Water']
| 24,928,610
|
[['M01.686.508.100.100', 'M01.686.754.100'], ['F02.463.188'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['G07.203.650.240'], ['F01.145.488'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.145.632', 'G11.427.410.698'], ['C18.654.726.500', 'C23.888.144.699.500', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120.699.500', 'G07.100.100.160.120.699.500'], ['N02.421.726.758', 'N06.850.780.680'], ['F01.752.747.792.700'], ['J01.897.280.500.898', 'L01.178.590.875', 'L01.178.820.090.898', 'L01.178.847.823'], ['Z01.107.567.875'], ['D01.045.250.875', 'D01.248.497.158.459.650', 'D01.650.550.925']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Regression of lung size in adults with growth hormone deficiency.
|
Pulmonary function was investigated in eight patients with hypopituitarism in order to determine if the lung is affected by the generalized visceral atrophy of hypopituitarism; six patients with acromegaly and trophic hormone deficiencies were studied for comparison. The patients with hypopituitarism, including one with isolated growth hormone (GH) deficiency, had a restrictive type of ventilatory impairment (total lung capacity was 76.7 +/- 4.7 per cent of predicted, p less than 0.005) which was not influenced by cortisone, thyroxine or sex hormone replacement therapy. In contrast, the patients with acromegaly, despite deficiency of one or more pituitary hormones, had larger lungs than controls (total lung capacity was 119.5 +/- 5.0 per cent of predicted, p less than 0.01). These findings indicate that GH influences the lung volume in adult man and that the loss of GH secretion is likely to be responsible for the restrictive ventilatory impairment associated with hypopituitarism. Further studies showed that this restrictive defect was not related to neuromuscular impairment or to an abnormality of chest wall mechanics, and suggested that the ventilated air spaces retained normal elastic properties. It appears that a decrease in lung size occurs in patients who develop GH deficiency and thus, that normal levels of GH are necessary for maintaining normal lung size during adult life.
|
['Acromegaly', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Female', 'Growth Hormone', 'Humans', 'Hypopituitarism', 'Lung', 'Lung Volume Measurements', 'Male', 'Middle Aged']
| 7,465,765
|
[['C05.116.132.082', 'C10.228.140.617.738.250.100', 'C19.700.355.179'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D06.472.699.631.525.425', 'D12.644.548.691.525.425'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C10.228.140.617.738.300', 'C19.700.482'], ['A04.411'], ['E01.370.386.700.485'], ['M01.060.116.630']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
High-pressure injection injuries of the hand.
|
The majority of high-pressure injection injuries can produce serious damage to the hand. Nevertheless, the injury may follow a relatively benign course if the injected substance possesses a less harmful nature. Treatment for these injuries requires immediate and aggressive surgery in most circumstances, but conservative treatment may be justified in certain instances. During a 4-year period, eight cases of high-pressure injection injury were encountered. The types of injected material were: four from paint, and one each from grease, water, benzene, and hydraulic oil. Time is an important factor regarding the results, while the types of injected material modify the clinical courses. It is advisable that the etiology of high-pressure injection injury should be established initially, and this factor be taken into consideration in choosing treatment options.
|
['Accidents, Occupational', 'Adult', 'Hand Injuries', 'Humans', 'Injections', 'Male', 'Oils', 'Paint', 'Pressure', 'Radiography', 'Water']
| 1,986,114
|
[['N06.850.135.240'], ['M01.060.116'], ['C26.448'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.319.267.530'], ['D10.627'], ['J01.637.597'], ['G01.374.715'], ['E01.370.350.700'], ['D01.045.250.875', 'D01.248.497.158.459.650', 'D01.650.550.925']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Immunohistochemical characterization of specific inflammatory tissue reactions following embolization with four different spherical agents in the minipig kidney model.
|
PURPOSE: To evaluate the immunohistochemical inflammatory reaction after porcine renal embolization with the new spherical embolic agent Embozene and to compare it with other spherical embolic agents.MATERIALS AND METHODS: After superselective porcine renal embolization (40 pigs) with different sizes of embolic agents (Embozene, Embosphere, Bead Block, Contour SE), tissue arrays were obtained (size ranges, 40-120 microm, 100-300 microm, 500-700 microm, 700-900 microm). After immunostaining for CD subtyping (CD45 and CD68) and cytokines (C-reactive protein [CRP] and interleukin-1 beta), a semiquantitative immunoreactivity score was calculated for each marker: intensity of staining was scored between 0 (negative) and 3 (intensive) and extent of staining between 0 and 4 (>80%), indicating the percentage of positive staining. The intensity score (0-3) was multiplied by the extent of staining score (0-4), resulting in a semiquantitative immunoreactivity score (0-12).RESULTS: Analysis of cellular expression profiles (ie, CD45, CD68) revealed a significantly higher inflammatory score 4 weeks after embolization with Embosphere 100-300 microm particles than after embolization with Embozene, Bead Block, and Contour SE. After 12 weeks, the Embosphere 100-300 microm score decreased. Analysis of CRP expression showed similar results, with a significantly higher score 4 weeks after embolization with Embosphere 100-300 microm. In the size class used most frequently for uterine artery emboliation (500-700 microm), all scores were low (<2.5) and there was no significant difference among particle types.CONCLUSIONS: Pronounced immunomarker expression was seen 4 weeks after embolization with small Embosphere particles. However, in general, modern spherical embolic agents cause a fairly low level of inflammatory reaction. In the present experimental setting, which is highly sensitive for specific tissue-to-agent reactivity, Embozene presented with low inflammatory results.
|
['Acrylic Resins', 'Animals', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Gelatin', 'Hemostatics', 'Humans', 'Kidney', 'Nephritis', 'Swine', 'Swine, Miniature', 'Uterine Artery Embolization']
| 19,555,888
|
[['D05.750.716.822.111', 'D25.720.716.822.111', 'J01.637.051.720.716.822.111'], ['B01.050'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['D12.776.860.476'], ['D27.505.954.502.270.463'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A05.810.453'], ['C12.777.419.570', 'C13.351.968.419.570'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.880'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.880.399.800'], ['E02.520.360.575', 'E02.926.500.575', 'E04.950.300.883']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
SUV39H1 interacts with AML1 and abrogates AML1 transactivity. AML1 is methylated in vivo.
|
Acute myeloid leukemia 1 (AML1) belongs to a family of DNA-binding proteins highly conserved through evolution. AML1 regulates the expression of several hematopoietic genes and is essential for murine fetal liver hematopoiesis. We report here that the histone methyltransferase SUV39H1, a mammalian ortholog of the Drosophila melanogaster SU(VAR) 3-9, forms complex with AML1. SUV39H1 methylates lysine 9 of the histone protein H3 leading to the formation of the high-affinity binding site on chromatin for proteins of the heterochromatin protein 1 family (HP1). The interaction of AML1 with SUV39H1 requires the N-terminus of AML1 where the Runt domain is located. Binding of AML1 to SUV39H1 abrogates the transactivating and DNA-binding properties of AML1 and dissociates the net-like nuclear structure of AML1. It has been reported that AML1 is capable of interaction with histone acetyl transferases (CBP, p300, and MOZ) and with component of the histone deacetylase complex (Sin3), and that the interaction with these coregulators affects the strength of AML1 in promoter regulation. Our data suggest that other enzymes are also involved in gene regulation by AML1 activity by modulating the affinity of AML1 for DNA.
|
['3T3 Cells', 'Animals', 'Core Binding Factor Alpha 2 Subunit', 'DNA', 'DNA-Binding Proteins', 'Methylation', 'Methyltransferases', 'Mice', 'Promoter Regions, Genetic', 'Protein Binding', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins', 'Receptor, Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor', 'Repressor Proteins', 'Transcription Factors']
| 12,917,624
|
[['A11.251.210.100', 'A11.329.228.100'], ['B01.050'], ['D12.776.930.155.200.200'], ['D13.444.308'], ['D12.776.260'], ['G02.111.035.538', 'G02.607.094.538', 'G03.059.538'], ['D08.811.913.555.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['G02.111.570.080.689.675', 'G05.360.080.689.675', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.750.680'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808'], ['D12.776.624.664.700'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.400.500', 'D12.776.543.750.630.492', 'D12.776.543.750.705.852.150.150', 'D12.776.543.750.750.400.200.200', 'D12.776.624.664.700.800'], ['D12.776.260.703', 'D12.776.930.780'], ['D12.776.930']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The influence of protein-calorie malnutrition on quality of life in nursing homes.
|
BACKGROUND: Up to 85% of the older adults living in our nation's nursing homes suffer from protein-calorie malnutrition (PCM). Early identification and treatment of PCM can reduce or prevent hospital stays, reduce complications, and decrease mortality. We describe the influence of PCM on quality of life in nursing homes, using archived data from the Minimum Data Set.METHODS: The study was guided by the Quality Nutrition Outcomes-Long Term Care Model, which posits a pathway whereby organizational issues influence nutritional status, consisting of body mass index (BMI), serum albumin levels, and prealbumin levels, and subsequent quality of life, morbidity, and health care utilization. A cross-sectional design was used to analyze Minimum Data Set assessment data already collected from a previous study. The sample for this analysis was 311 nursing home residents, aged 65 years or older, who lived in three nursing homes in eastern Washington.RESULTS: Of the participants, 38.6% were malnourished. PCM (measured by BMI) influenced quality of life for these residents in that there was a significant relationship between BMI and functional status (eating, personal hygiene, and toilet use) and BMI and psychosocial well-being (initiative or involvement, unsettled relationships, and past roles). Depression was not a significant indicator of low BMI in these nursing home residents.CONCLUSIONS: Low BMI, indicating PCM, was found to negatively influence quality of life in this study. Understanding the relationship between quality of life and PCM could lead to improved quality of life for older adults in nursing homes and guide future innovative intervention studies aimed at preventing PCM.
|
['Activities of Daily Living', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Body Mass Index', 'Body Weight', 'Female', 'Geriatric Assessment', 'Homes for the Aged', 'Humans', 'Incidence', 'Male', 'Nursing Homes', 'Nutritional Requirements', 'Nutritional Status', 'Protein-Energy Malnutrition', 'Quality of Life', 'Risk Assessment', 'Sickness Impact Profile', 'Survival Rate']
| 12,586,854
|
[['E02.760.169.063.500.067', 'E02.831.067', 'I03.050', 'N02.421.784.110'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.125', 'E05.041.124.125', 'G07.100.100.125', 'N06.850.505.200.100.175'], ['C23.888.144', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120', 'E05.041.124.160.750', 'G07.100.100.160.120', 'G07.345.249.314.120'], ['E05.318.308.225', 'I01.240.425.350', 'N01.224.425.350', 'N05.715.360.300.360', 'N06.850.505.400.425.350', 'N06.850.520.308.225'], ['J03.775.462', 'N02.278.825.462'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.375', 'N01.224.935.597.500', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.375', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.375'], ['N02.278.825.610'], ['G07.203.650.620'], ['G07.203.650.650', 'N01.224.425.525'], ['C18.654.521.500.708.626'], ['I01.800', 'K01.752.400.750', 'N06.850.505.400.425.837'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.715', 'N04.452.871.715', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.690', 'N06.850.505.715', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.715'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475.730', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.730', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.730'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.900', 'N01.224.935.698.826', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.900', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.900']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Humanities [K]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Low dose streptozotocin induced diabetes in mice. Metabolic, light microscopical, histochemical, immunofluorescence microscopical, electron microscopical and morphometrical findings.
|
The experimental animal model of human insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM, type I diabetes), which was for the first time described by Like and Rossini (1976) for Charles River CD-1 mice and produced by the application of multiple subdiabetogenic streptozotocin (SZ) doses, has been reproduced in the mouse strain C57 Bl/KsJ which has been bred over several generations at the Central Institute for Diabetes Karlsburg (since 1975). Male mice were given subdiabetogenic intraperitoneal injections of SZ (40 mg/kg b.w.) on five days running.--The simultaneously performed metabolic, light and electron microscopical, histochemical, fluorescence microscopical, and morphometric examinations show that the small doses of SZ lead to a metabolic disturbance in the islets of Langerhans already on the third day of the experiment (after the first two SZ injections) which is associated with a high-degree reduction or an interruption of the insulin production. Subsequently, on the 8th day (three days after the last SZ injection) up to the 20th day an insulitis occurs which is characterized by a target cell reaction of lymphocytes against the beta cells and leads to the lysis of the majority of the beta cells. In the course and after the insulitis, a persisting insulin deficiency diabetes develops with lacking signs of an attempt to replace the perished beta cells. For the time being, the nature of this target beta cell destruction by lymphocytes remains unclear. According to the enzyme-histochemical and electron microscopical results, the involved lymphocytes are natural killer cells (NK cells) rather than T cells. The release of the target cell reaction is obviously effected by the initial metabolic disturbances in the beta cells intervening in the insulin synthesis. Virus bodies do not play any role in this process. The importance of this animal model to human insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus is discussed.
|
['Animals', 'Blood Glucose', 'Body Weight', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental', 'Fluorescent Antibody Technique', 'Histocytochemistry', 'Islets of Langerhans', 'Lymphocytes', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Microscopy, Electron', 'Pancreas', 'Streptozocin']
| 3,157,595
|
[['B01.050'], ['D09.947.875.359.448.500'], ['C23.888.144', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120', 'E05.041.124.160.750', 'G07.100.100.160.120', 'G07.345.249.314.120'], ['C18.452.394.750.074', 'C19.246.240', 'E05.598.500.374'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512.240', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512.240', 'E05.200.500.607.512.240', 'E05.200.750.551.512.240', 'E05.478.583.375'], ['E01.370.225.500.607', 'E01.370.225.750.551', 'E05.200.500.607', 'E05.200.750.551', 'H01.158.100.656.234', 'H01.158.201.344', 'H01.181.122.573'], ['A03.734.414', 'A06.300.414'], ['A11.118.637.555.567', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567', 'A15.382.490.555.567'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['E01.370.350.515.402', 'E05.595.402'], ['A03.734'], ['D02.065.950.594.768', 'D02.654.692.768', 'D09.408.051.900']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Effect of Vitamin D on Joint Replacement Outcomes.
|
Vitamin D is a steroid hormone that affects not only bone metabolism and strength but also a variety of musculoskeletal health and surgical outcomes that are relevant to orthopaedic medicine. Risk factors for vitamin D deficiency include sex, age, skin pigmentation, obesity, and preexisting conditions such as nephritic syndrome and malabsorption syndrome. Furthermore, vitamin D deficiency is associated with the development of postoperative complications, such as an increased risk of infection, morbidity, and mortality. The standardization of vitamin D terminology as well as a thorough understanding of the medical considerations associated with vitamin D deficiency can improve preoperative planning and clearance, and, ultimately, patient outcomes and satisfaction.
|
['Arthroplasty, Replacement', 'Humans', 'Joint Diseases', 'Musculoskeletal System', 'Patient Care Planning', 'Patient Outcome Assessment', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Preoperative Care', 'Risk Factors', 'Vitamin D', 'Vitamin D Deficiency', 'Vitamins']
| 27,049,217
|
[['E04.555.110.110', 'E04.650.110', 'E04.680.101.110'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C05.550'], ['A02'], ['N04.590.233.624'], ['N04.761.559.590.399', 'N05.715.360.575.575.399'], ['C23.550.767'], ['E02.760.795', 'E04.604.750', 'N02.421.585.795'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['D04.210.500.812.768'], ['C18.654.521.500.133.770'], ['D27.505.696.494.600', 'G07.203.300.681.500.600', 'J02.500.681.500.600']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Effect of AICAR and 5-Fluorouracil on X-ray Repair, Cross-Complementing Group 1 Expression, and Consequent Cytotoxicity Regulation in Human HCT-116 Colorectal Cancer Cells.
|
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes of cancer mortality and 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is the most common chemotherapy agent of CRC. A high level of X-ray repair cross complementing group 1 (XRCC1) in cancer cells has been associated with the drug resistance occurrence. Moreover, the activation of adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) has been indicated to regulate the cancer cell survival. Thus, this study was aimed to examine whether XRCC1 plays a role in the 5-FU/AMPK agonist (AICAR)-induced cytotoxic effect on CRC and the underlying mechanisms. Human HCT-116 colorectal cells were used in this study. It was shown that 5-FU increases the XRCC1 expression in HCT-116 cells and then affects the cell survival through CXCR4/Akt signaling. Moreover, 5-FU combined with AICAR further result in more survival inhibition in HCT-116 cells, accompanied with reduced CXCR4/Akt signaling activity and XRCC1 expression. These results elucidate the role and mechanism of XRCC1 in the drug resistance of HCT-116 cells to 5-FU. We also demonstrate the synergistic inhibitory effect of AMPK on 5-FU-inhibited HCT-116 cell survival under the 5-FU and AICAR co-treatment. Thus, our findings may provide a new notion for the future drug regimen incorporating 5-FU and AMPK agonists for the CRC treatment.
|
['Aminoimidazole Carboxamide', 'Antineoplastic Agents', 'Apoptosis', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Cell Survival', 'Colorectal Neoplasms', 'Drug Resistance, Neoplasm', 'Drug Synergism', 'Drug Therapy, Combination', 'Fluorouracil', 'HCT116 Cells', 'Humans', 'Protein Kinases', 'Receptors, CXCR4', 'Ribonucleotides', 'X-ray Repair Cross Complementing Protein 1']
| 29,117,108
|
[['D03.383.129.308.030'], ['D27.505.954.248'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['G04.346'], ['C04.588.274.476.411.307', 'C06.301.371.411.307', 'C06.405.249.411.307', 'C06.405.469.158.356', 'C06.405.469.491.307', 'C06.405.469.860.180'], ['G07.690.773.984.395'], ['G07.690.773.968.477'], ['E02.319.310'], ['D03.383.742.698.875.404'], ['A11.251.210.190.380', 'A11.251.860.180.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.160.500.400', 'D12.776.543.750.705.852.125.500.400', 'D12.776.543.750.830.700.650'], ['D13.695.827'], ['D12.776.157.687.813', 'D12.776.260.963', 'D12.776.660.720.813']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Mouse BTEB3, a new member of the basic transcription element binding protein (BTEB) family, activates expression from GC-rich minimal promoter regions.
|
Members of the three-zinc-finger family of transcription factors play an important role in determining basal transcription. We have cloned mouse BTEB3 (mBTEB3), a new member of the basic transcription element binding protein (BTEB) family, which is expressed in a wide variety of tissues. mBTEB3 activates transcription of the simian virus 40 early promoter (4-fold) and of the tissue-specific SM22alpha promoter (100-fold), suggesting that, like BTEB1 and Sp1, mBTEB3 is a basal transcription factor.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Animals', 'Base Sequence', 'Cell Cycle Proteins', 'Cloning, Molecular', 'DNA-Binding Proteins', 'GC Rich Sequence', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental', 'Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors', 'Mice', 'Microfilament Proteins', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Muscle Proteins', 'Promoter Regions, Genetic', 'Repressor Proteins', 'Sequence Homology, Amino Acid', 'Trans-Activators', 'Transcription Factors']
| 10,642,511
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['B01.050'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['D12.776.167'], ['E05.393.220'], ['D12.776.260'], ['G02.111.570.080.380', 'G05.360.080.380'], ['G05.308.310'], ['D12.776.260.522', 'D12.776.930.375'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['D05.750.078.730', 'D12.776.220.525'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['D12.776.210.500'], ['G02.111.570.080.689.675', 'G05.360.080.689.675', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.750.680'], ['D12.776.260.703', 'D12.776.930.780'], ['G02.111.810.200', 'G05.810.200'], ['D12.776.260.755', 'D12.776.930.900', 'D12.776.964.925.984'], ['D12.776.930']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Exolytic and endolytic turnover of peptidoglycan by lytic transglycosylase Slt of Pseudomonas aeruginosa
|
â-Lactam antibiotics inhibit cell-wall transpeptidases, preventing the peptidoglycan, the major constituent of the bacterial cell wall, from cross-linking. This causes accumulation of long non-cross-linked strands of peptidoglycan, which leads to bacterial death. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a nefarious bacterial pathogen, attempts to repair this aberrantly formed peptidoglycan by the function of the lytic transglycosylase Slt. We document in this report that Slt turns over the peptidoglycan by both exolytic and endolytic reactions, which cause glycosidic bond scission from a terminus or in the middle of the peptidoglycan, respectively. These reactions were characterized with complex synthetic peptidoglycan fragments that ranged in size from tetrasaccharides to octasaccharides. The X-ray structure of the wild-type apo Slt revealed it to be a doughnut-shaped protein. In a series of six additional X-ray crystal structures, we provide insights with authentic substrates into how Slt is enabled for catalysis for both the endolytic and exolytic reactions. The substrate for the exolytic reaction binds Slt in a canonical arrangement and reveals how both the glycan chain and the peptide stems are recognized by the Slt. We document that the apo enzyme does not have a fully formed active site for the endolytic reaction. However, binding of the peptidoglycan at the existing subsites within the catalytic domain causes a conformational change in the protein that assembles the surface for binding of a more expansive peptidoglycan between the catalytic domain and an adjacent domain. The complexes of Slt with synthetic peptidoglycan substrates provide an unprecedented snapshot of the endolytic reaction.
|
['Bacterial Proteins', 'Crystallography, X-Ray', 'Glycoside Hydrolases', 'Peptidoglycan', 'Protein Domains', 'Pseudomonas aeruginosa', 'Structure-Activity Relationship']
| 29,632,171
|
[['D12.776.097'], ['E05.196.309.742.225'], ['D08.811.277.450'], ['D09.400.420.700', 'D09.698.718.594', 'D12.644.233.594', 'D12.776.395.560.800', 'D23.050.161.616.594'], ['G02.111.570.820.709.275.750', 'G02.111.570.820.709.610.500'], ['B03.440.400.425.625.625.100', 'B03.660.250.580.590.050'], ['G02.111.830', 'G07.690.773.997']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Quantitation of human choriocarcinoma spheroid attachment to uterine epithelial cell monolayers.
|
Adhesive interactions of trophoblast cells with endometrium are essential for embryo implantation in the uterus. Choriocarcinoma cells, the malignant counterpart of trophoblast, show pronounced invasiveness and are of interest for model studies. We describe here an in vitro model system for the study of adhesion of human JAR choriocarcinoma multicellular spheroids to different human endometrial epithelial cell lines (RL95-2, HEC-1A, KLE, AN3-CA) grown as monolayers. Cell characterization showed JAR spheroids to s++ecrete the placental hormones human chorionic gonadotropin and progesterone into the culture medium; distinct patterns of keratin, vimentin, and uvomorulin expression were seen in the endometrial cell lines. Spheroid attachment to endometrial monolayers was quantified using a centrifugal force-based adhesion assay, and morphology was examined by light and electron microscopy. Results showed the JAR spheroids to attach to three of the endometrial monolayers (RL95-2, HEC-1A, KLE) progressively over a 24-h period (by which time > or = 80% of the spheroids attached). Significant differences in spheroid attachment were most pronounced at 5 h (RL95-2 > HEC-1A > KLE and poly-D-lysine control, i.e. 90:45:17:17% attached). JAR spheroids did not attach to the endometrial cell line AN3-CA. Morphology revealed choriocarcinoma cells to begin to intrude between the uterine RL95-2 epithelial cells at 5 h. At 24 h, this intrusive type of penetration continued to be seen only with the RL95-2 monolayer. The assay system thus identifies differences in attachment properties between choriocarcinoma cells and various endometrial cell lines and forms the basis for further studies on the molecular interactions involved.
|
['Cell Adhesion', 'Cell Differentiation', 'Cell Line', 'Choriocarcinoma', 'Embryo Implantation', 'Endometrium', 'Epithelial Cells', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Kinetics', 'Models, Biological', 'Trophoblasts', 'Tumor Cells, Cultured']
| 8,331,030
|
[['G04.022'], ['G04.152'], ['A11.251.210'], ['C04.557.465.955.207', 'C04.557.470.200.025.455', 'C04.850.908.208', 'C13.703.720.949.208'], ['G08.686.784.170.104.500'], ['A05.360.319.679.490'], ['A11.436'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['E05.599.395'], ['A11.382.992', 'A16.254.500.766', 'A16.710.802'], ['A11.251.860']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Poliovirus retention in 75-cm soil cores after sewage and rainwater application.
|
The adsorption rate of a guanidine-resistant strain of poliovirus LSc 2ab was measured in Long Island soils with in situ field cores (10.1 by 75 cm). The test virus was chosen because it exhibited soil adsorption and elution characteristics of a number of non-polioviruses. After the inoculation of cores with seeded sewage effluent at a 1-cm/h infiltration rate, cores were extracted, fractionated, and analyzed for total plaque-forming units per each 5-cm fraction. The results showed that 77% of the viruses were adsorbed in the first 5 cm of soil. An additional 11% were found in the 5- to 10-cm fraction, and a total of 96% of the viruses were adsorbed by 25 cm. The remaining 4% were uniformly distributed over the next 50 cm of soil, with a minimum of 0.23% in each soil section. Few viruses (< 0.22%) were observed in core filtrates. Analysis of the viral distribution pattern in seeded cores, after an application of a single rinse of either sewage effluent or rainwater, indicated that large-scale viral mobilization was absent. However, localized areas of viral movement were noted in both of the rinsed cores, with the rainwater-rinsed cores exhibiting more expensive movement. All mobilized viruses were resorbed at lower core depths.
|
['Adsorption', 'Poliovirus', 'Rain', 'Sewage', 'Soil Microbiology', 'Water']
| 6,257,159
|
[['G01.030', 'G02.020'], ['B04.820.578.750.284.184.500'], ['G16.500.175.859', 'G16.500.275.063.725.395', 'G16.500.750.775.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.450', 'N06.230.520'], ['D20.944.932.500'], ['H01.158.273.540.274.555', 'N06.850.425.300'], ['D01.045.250.875', 'D01.248.497.158.459.650', 'D01.650.550.925']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Effect of Fanbaicao (Herba Potentillae Discoloris) oil on the expression
of p21 and CDK4 in HepG2 cells.
|
OBJECTIVE: To research the anti-cancer mechanism
of the Traditional Chinese Medicine Fanbaicao
(Herba Potentillae Discoloris) oil in the human hepatoma
cell line HepG2.METHODS: Gas chromatography was used to analyze
the components of Fanbaicao (Herba Potentillae
Discoloris). We tested the inhibitory effect of Fanbaicao
(Herba Potentillae Discoloris) oil on the human
hepatoma cell line HepG2 in vitro using 3-(4,
5-Dimet hylt hiazol-2-yl)-2,5-dip henyltetrazolium
bromide assays. Fluorescence activating cell sorter
analysis was used to examine the levels of apoptosis,
and western blot and immunofluorescence
were used to detect the expression of p21, p-p21
and CDK4 proteins.RESULTS: Fanbaicao (Herba Potentillae Discoloris)
oil contains 45 ingredients, and L-ascorbic acid 2,
6-bispalmitate was the main component and accounted
for 44.96% of total drive-off peak area.
Other components included (Z)-14-met hyl-8-exadecenal-
acetal (8.56%), phytol (7.74%) and lauric acid
(6.31% ). Fanbaicao (Herba Potentillae Discoloris)
oil treatment reduced the proliferation of HepG2
cells and the half growth inhibition concentration
(IC50) was 2.03 mg/mL. Furthermore, we also observed
significantly increased HepG2 cell apoptosis
in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.05). Fanbaicao
(Herba Potentillae Discoloris) oil significantly increased
the expression of p21 and p-p21 and significantly
decreased the expression of CDK4 in HepG2
cells compared with controls (P < 0.01).CONCLUSION: Our results showed that Fanbaicao
(Herba Potentillae Discoloris) oil has anti-cancer activities
in HepG2 cells, which is probably related to
the upregulation of p21 and p-p21 and downregulation
of CDK4 expression.
|
['Apoptosis', 'Cell Cycle', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4', 'Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21', 'Drugs, Chinese Herbal', 'Hep G2 Cells', 'Humans', 'Liver Neoplasms', 'Potentilla']
| 28,459,517
|
[['G04.146.954.035'], ['G04.144'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.646.500.875', 'D12.644.360.250.451', 'D12.776.167.200.451', 'D12.776.476.250.451'], ['D12.644.360.225.500', 'D12.776.157.687.250', 'D12.776.167.187.500', 'D12.776.476.225.500', 'D12.776.624.776.355.500', 'D12.776.660.720.250'], ['D20.215.784.500.350', 'D26.335'], ['A11.251.860.180.432', 'A11.436.348.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.588.274.623', 'C06.301.623', 'C06.552.697'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.859.937.500.601']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Remission of Epstein-Barr virus-positive post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder by conversion to everolimus in a kidney transplant recipient.
|
Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) is a fatal complication of transplantation. There is no clear consensus on the treatment of PTLD. In most cases, the pathogenetic mechanism of PTLD involves the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). We report the case of an elderly kidney transplant recipient who developed EBV-positive monomorphic T-cell PTLD 14 years after transplantation. Conversion from conventional immunosuppressants to everolimus induced complete remission of PTLD accompanied by a decrease in blood EBV-DNA level without chemotherapy.
|
['Aged', 'Epstein-Barr Virus Infections', 'Everolimus', 'Herpesvirus 4, Human', 'Humans', 'Immunosuppressive Agents', 'Kidney Transplantation', 'Lymphoproliferative Disorders', 'Male', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Remission Induction', 'Transplant Recipients']
| 31,102,475
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['C01.925.256.466.313', 'C01.925.928.313'], ['D02.540.505.760.500'], ['B04.280.210.400.500.450', 'B04.280.382.400.500.400', 'B04.613.204.500.500.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D27.505.696.477.656'], ['E02.870.500', 'E04.936.450.485', 'E04.950.774.400'], ['C15.604.515', 'C20.683.515'], ['C23.550.767'], ['E02.860'], ['M01.925']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Overexpression of CXCL1 and its receptor CXCR2 promote tumor invasion in gastric cancer.
|
BACKGROUND: The chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 (CXCL1) and its receptor CXCR2 are associated with metastasis potential. Our studies were designed to clarify the CXCL1 and CXCR2 expression patterns and to explore their potential role in gastric cancer.DESIGN: The expression of CXCL1 was determined in primary gastric cancer specimens using quantitative PCR, immunohistochemistry, and western blotting. To investigate the functional significance of CXCL1 expression, a CXCL1 expression vector and short hairpin RNA targeting the CXCL1 or CXCR2 were transfected into gastric cancer cell lines to examine the biological outcomes of these cells.RESULTS: The expression of CXCL1 and CXCR2 was higher in gastric cancer tissues compared with adjacent noncancerous tissues. The upregulation of CXCL1 correlated significantly with tumor progression, advanced stage of gastric cancer patients, and was one of the independent prognostic factors for patient's survival. Furthermore, cancer cells expressing CXCL1 stably exhibited an increase in their migration and invasion ability, whereas CXCL1 or CXCR2 depletion significantly reduced the migration and invasion ability of each cell line.CONCLUSIONS: These results provide strong evidence that CXCL1 plays an important role in gastric cancer progression and migration and suggest that CXCL1 is a promising marker for the detection and prognosis of gastric cancer.
|
['Aged', 'Cell Movement', 'Chemokine CXCL1', 'Disease Progression', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Interleukin-8', 'Male', 'Matrix Metalloproteinase 2', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasm Invasiveness', 'Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Receptors, Interleukin-8B', 'Stomach Neoplasms', 'Up-Regulation']
| 21,343,381
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['G04.198', 'G07.568.500.180'], ['D12.644.276.374.200.120.050', 'D12.776.467.374.200.120.050', 'D12.776.624.664.700.049', 'D23.125.300.120.050', 'D23.469.200.120.050', 'D23.529.374.200.120.050'], ['C23.550.291.656'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['D12.644.276.374.200.120.800', 'D12.644.276.374.465.312', 'D12.776.467.374.200.120.800', 'D12.776.467.374.465.246', 'D23.125.300.120.800', 'D23.469.200.120.800', 'D23.529.374.200.120.800', 'D23.529.374.465.312'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.480.205.352', 'D08.811.277.656.300.480.252.420', 'D08.811.277.656.300.480.525.700.150', 'D08.811.277.656.675.374.205.352', 'D08.811.277.656.675.374.252.420', 'D08.811.277.656.675.374.525.700.150', 'D12.644.276.848.150', 'D12.776.467.836.150'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04.697.645', 'C23.550.727.645'], ['E05.393.620.500.706'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.160.500.750.750', 'D12.776.543.750.705.852.125.500.750.750', 'D12.776.543.750.705.852.420.421.750'], ['C04.588.274.476.767', 'C06.301.371.767', 'C06.405.249.767', 'C06.405.748.789'], ['G02.111.905', 'G05.308.850', 'G07.690.773.998']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Effects of high di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) exposure due to tainted food intake on pre-pubertal growth characteristics in a Taiwanese population.
|
On May 23, 2011, a major scandal involving the illegal use of phthalates as clouding agents in food products was reported. Specifically, di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) was purposefully added to foods as a substitute emulsifier. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of DEHP exposure on the growth characteristics of the child victims of this scandal. Eighty-eight victims, originating from northern, central, and southern Taiwan and ranging in age from 6.0 to 10.5 years, were invited to participate in this study during clinic visits. The participants underwent follow-up health examinations from August 2012 to February 2013. We collected information on each participant's history of exposure to tainted food products using a questionnaire, and we analyzed their urinary concentrations of DEHP metabolites using high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. These data were then used to estimate their daily DEHP intake (DIAll) during the scandal. We also measured physical development parameters (height, weight, and bone age) and hormone levels (thyroid, sex and growth hormones) to evaluate their overall growth characteristics. The average (SD) duration of DEHP intake from tainted nutrition supplements was 1.39 (1.01) years. The median DIAll values were 19.93 and 20.69ìg/kg bw/day for boys and girls, respectively. Among the enrolled children, the DIAll values of 46.9% of boys and 51.3% of girls exceeded the reference dose (RfD) of 20ìg/kg bw/day established by the US Environmental Protection Agency. Our results demonstrate that DIAll is negatively associated with the height percentile, weight percentile, bone age/chronological age, and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) levels but not with IGF binding protein 3 (IGF-BP3) level, IGF-1/IGF-BP3, sex hormones, or thyroid hormone levels. The DEHP DIAll value exceeded the RfD at high rates among children of both genders. Our results suggest that high levels of DEHP exposure due to the consumption of tainted food products are negatively associated with body weight, height, bone age, and IGF-1 levels in children. The likelihood of delayed puberty among the affected children is therefore a reasonable concern, and further follow-up is required.
|
['Anthropometry', 'Body Height', 'Body Weight', 'Bone Development', 'Child', 'Diethylhexyl Phthalate', 'Environmental Exposure', 'Environmental Pollutants', 'Female', 'Food Contamination', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Taiwan']
| 27,209,343
|
[['E01.370.600.024', 'E05.041', 'N06.850.505.200.100'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.160.100', 'E05.041.124.160.500', 'G07.100.100.160.100', 'G07.345.249.314.100'], ['C23.888.144', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120', 'E05.041.124.160.750', 'G07.100.100.160.120', 'G07.345.249.314.120'], ['G07.345.500.325.377.625.050.500', 'G11.427.578.050.500'], ['M01.060.406'], ['D02.241.223.805.250'], ['N06.850.460.350'], ['D27.888.284'], ['J01.576.423.850.730.500.249', 'N06.850.460.400', 'N06.850.601.500.249'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.252.474.872', 'Z01.639.850']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Qualitative study of mechanical parameters of conventional diagnostic X-ray machines in Mizoram.
|
The present study examined the mechanical attributes of 135 conventional diagnostic X-ray machines in Mizoram, India. The purpose of studying the X-ray mechanical parameters, such as congruency, perpendicularity of the central beam, and half-value layer, was to improve the quality of the diagnostic image and reduce the patient dose. A battery-operated portable dosimeter was used to measure output radiation of the X-ray machine. The half-value layer was measured at a constant accelerating potential of 70 kVp and tube load. To measure the congruency and beam alignment perpendicularity, a congruence and alignment tool was used. The survey data were collected between June 2015 and June 2016. The authors followed international standard test procedures, and the results were compared to national and international standards. SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 17 was used to calculate the mean, range, and standard deviation. The half-value layer ranged from 0.45 to 3.00 mm; the mean half-value layer was 1.60 ± 0.51 SD mm. In comparison with national and international standards, only 27.83% (national) and 15.64% (international) of the machines' filtration were found to be within acceptable limits. The congruence misalignment of the x-axis varied between 0.50% and 15.30% of the source-to-image distance; for the y-axis, it ranged from 0.50 to 10.90%. When the congruence between the radiation beam and optical field was tested, 80.85% of diagnostic X-ray machines did not meet the prescribed acceptance parameters. When the perpendicularity between the central beam and the image receptor was tested, 69.81% did not meet safety standards.
|
['Equipment Design', 'India', 'Light', 'Mechanical Phenomena', 'Radiography']
| 29,777,432
|
[['E05.320'], ['Z01.252.245.393'], ['G01.358.500.505.650', 'G01.590.540', 'G01.750.250.650', 'G01.750.770.578'], ['G01.374'], ['E01.370.350.700']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
|
Longitudinal investigation of exposure to arsenic, cadmium, and lead in drinking water.
|
Arsenic, cadmium, and lead have been associated with various forms of cancer, nephrotoxicity, central nervous system effects, and cardiovascular disease in humans. Drinking water is a well-recognized pathway of exposure to these metals. To improve understanding of the temporal dimension of exposure to As, Cd, and Pb in drinking water, we obtained 381 samples of tap and/or tap/filtered water and self-reported rates of drinking water consumption from 73 members of a stratified random sample in Maryland. Data were collected at approximately 2-month intervals from September 1995 through September 1996. Concentrations of As (range < 0.2-13.8 microg/L) and Pb (< 0.1-13.4 microg/L) were within the ranges reported for the United States, as were the rates of drinking water consumption (median < 0.1-4.1 L/day). Cd was present at a detectable level in only 8.1% of the water samples. Mean log-transformed concentrations and exposures for As and Pb varied significantly among sampling cycles and among respondents, as did rates of drinking water consumption, according to a generalized linear model that accounted for potential correlation among repeated measures from the same respondent. We used the intraclass correlation coefficient of reliability to attribute the total variance observed for each exposure metric to between-person and within-person variability. Between-person variability was estimated to account for 67, 81, and 55% of the total variance in drinking water consumption, As exposure (micrograms per day), and Pb exposure (micrograms per day), respectively. We discuss these results with respect to their implications for future exposure assessment research, quantitative risk assessment, and environmental epidemiology.
|
['Arsenic', 'Cadmium', 'Environmental Exposure', 'Humans', 'Lead', 'Longitudinal Studies', 'Maryland', 'Water Pollutants, Chemical', 'Water Supply']
| 10,964,793
|
[['D01.268.513.249'], ['D01.268.556.137', 'D01.268.956.061', 'D01.552.544.137'], ['N06.850.460.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D01.268.556.435', 'D01.552.544.435'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.500'], ['Z01.107.567.875.075.418', 'Z01.107.567.875.500.500'], ['D27.888.284.903.655'], ['J01.293.821.500']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Activation of androgen receptor function by a novel nuclear protein kinase.
|
Androgen receptor (AR) belongs to the nuclear receptor superfamily and mediates the biological actions of male sex steroids. In this work, we have characterized a novel 130-kDa Ser/Thr protein kinase ANPK that interacts with the zinc finger region of AR in vivo and in vitro. The catalytic kinase domain of ANPK shares considerable sequence similarity with the minibrain gene product, a protein kinase suggested to contribute to learning defects associated with Down syndrome. However, the rest of ANPK sequence, including the AR-interacting interface, exhibits no apparent homology with other proteins. ANPK is a nuclear protein that is widely expressed in mammalian tissues. Its overexpression enhances AR-dependent transcription in various cell lines. In addition to the zinc finger region, ligand-binding domain and activation function AF1 of AR are needed, as the activity of AR mutants devoid of these domains was not influenced by ANPK. The receptor protein does not appear to be a substrate for ANPK in vitro, and overexpression of ANPK does not increase the extent of AR phosphorylation in vivo. In view of this, it is likely that ANPK-mediated activation of AR function is exerted through modification of AR-associated proteins, such as coregulatory factors, and/or through stabilization of the receptor protein against degradation.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Animals', 'Base Sequence', 'Binding Sites', 'CHO Cells', 'COS Cells', 'Cell Line', 'Cell Nucleus', 'Cricetinae', 'DNA, Complementary', 'Gene Expression', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Nuclear Proteins', 'PC12 Cells', 'Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases', 'Rats', 'Receptors, Androgen', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae', 'Sequence Homology, Amino Acid', 'Transcriptional Activation']
| 9,725,910
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['B01.050'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['G02.111.570.120'], ['A11.251.210.200', 'A11.436.155'], ['A11.251.210.172.500', 'A11.329.228.220'], ['A11.251.210'], ['A11.284.430.106', 'A11.284.430.214.190.875.117'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.075.250'], ['D13.444.308.497.220', 'D13.444.600.223.500', 'D27.720.470.530.600.223.260'], ['G05.297'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['D12.776.660'], ['A11.251.210.190.750', 'A11.251.860.180.750', 'A11.299.500'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['D12.776.826.750.150'], ['B01.300.107.795.785.800', 'B01.300.930.705.655'], ['G02.111.810.200', 'G05.810.200'], ['G05.308.800']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Geographical variations in hypertension prevalence, awareness, treatment and control in China: findings from a nationwide and provincially representative survey.
|
OBJECTIVES: Hypertension has been the most important risk factor for disease burden in China. We aimed to conduct the first national spatial analysis of hypertension status, awareness, treatment and control in China.METHODS: Choropleth maps were used to examine the spatial patterning of hypertension, awareness, treatment and control in a nationally and provincially representative sample of 174 389 adults from the 2013 to 2014 China Chronic Disease and Risk Factors Surveillance. Multilevel regressions were used to analyze each outcome across provinces, counties, towns and villages/residential committees and to test the proportion of area-level variances explained by known risk factors.RESULTS: Hypertension prevalence was highest in the north (e.g. Liaoning = 37.7%) and lowest in the south (e.g. Hainan = 17.9%). Among participants found to have hypertension, awareness was generally low, especially in the south (e.g. Guizhou = 18.0%). Receipt of treatment among those who were aware of their hypertension status was above 70% in all provinces except for Tibet (37.7%) and Guizhou (54.5%). Control of hypertension among those receiving treatment (SBP < 140 and DBP < 90 mmHg) was generally low, especially in northeastern and southwestern provinces. Adjustment for demographic, socioeconomic and behavioral factors, weight status, healthcare use and urbanization of residence accounted for 57.7% of variation between provinces in hypertension status, 48.5% in awareness, 47.6% in treatment and 18.0% in control.CONCLUSION: Hypertension is spatially patterned in China and there is an unmet need at each step from diagnosis to receiving treatment and achieving controlled hypertension. Geographically targeted strategies are required to enhance hypertension prevention and management in China.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Body Weight', 'China', 'Female', 'Geography, Medical', 'Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice', 'Humans', 'Hypertension', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Prevalence', 'Risk Factors', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Urbanization']
| 29,210,864
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C23.888.144', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120', 'E05.041.124.160.750', 'G07.100.100.160.120', 'G07.345.249.314.120'], ['Z01.252.474.164'], ['H01.277.500.097', 'H02.403.352'], ['F01.100.150.500', 'N05.300.150.410'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C14.907.489'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['I01.880.853.400.726']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Monounsaturated diet lowers LDL oxidisability in type IIb and type IV dyslipidemia without affecting coenzyme Q10 and vitamin E contents.
|
The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effects of MUFA vs PUFA enriched diets on the plasma and LDL lipid profile and antioxidant contents in mild hypercholesterolemic and triglyceridemic subjects. The study was divided in two consecutive diet periods. Two groups of 11 dyslipidemic patients each (type IIb and type IV) were recruited and during the first period (lasting four weeks) received a linoleic rich diet while during the following four weeks took an oleate rich diet. Both groups showed no significant changes in cholesterol and TG concentration either in plasma or in LDL. Coenzyme Q10 and vitamin E were also unaffected by the dietary treatments. LDL proneness to be oxidatively modified increased after dietary PUFA administration and markedly decreased following the virgin olive oil enriched diet. In fact, LDL from hypertrigliceridemic subjects on a oleate-enriched diet displayed a 26% (p < 0.05) longer lag-phase in conjugated dienes generation than during linoleate-enriched diet and at recruitment. In hypercholesterolemic subjects similar results were obtained: the lag-phase was 28% longer after MUFA diet that after PUFA diet. No differences were found in the maximum propagation rate and maximum concentration of conjugated dienes among dietary periods and at recruitment. Since we found that the vit. E and CoQ10 levels in plasma and in LDL particles remained unchanged during the course of the study, we may conclude that LDL proneness to undergo oxidative modifications is mainly the result of compositional change due to the enrichment from the different diets of the relative fats.
|
['Cholesterol', 'Cholesterol, HDL', 'Cholesterol, LDL', 'Coenzymes', 'Dietary Fats, Unsaturated', 'Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated', 'Fatty Acids, Unsaturated', 'Humans', 'Hypercholesterolemia', 'Hypertriglyceridemia', 'Olive Oil', 'Plant Oils', 'Soybean Oil', 'Triglycerides', 'Ubiquinone', 'Vitamin E']
| 10,416,048
|
[['D04.210.500.247.222.284', 'D04.210.500.247.808.197', 'D10.570.938.208'], ['D04.210.500.247.808.197.238', 'D10.532.432.400', 'D10.570.938.208.270', 'D12.776.521.479.470'], ['D04.210.500.247.808.197.244', 'D10.532.515.500', 'D10.570.938.208.275', 'D12.776.521.550.500'], ['D08.211'], ['D10.212.302.380', 'G07.203.300.375.400', 'J02.500.375.400'], ['D10.251.355.325'], ['D10.251.355'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C18.452.584.500.500.396'], ['C18.452.584.500.500.851'], ['D10.212.302.380.580', 'D10.212.507.650', 'D10.627.700.728', 'G07.203.300.375.400.500', 'J02.500.375.400.500'], ['D10.627.700', 'D20.215.784.750'], ['D10.212.302.380.800', 'D10.212.507.800', 'D10.627.700.880', 'D20.215.784.750.880', 'G07.203.300.375.400.750', 'J02.500.375.400.750'], ['D10.351.801'], ['D02.806.250.900', 'D08.211.935'], ['D03.383.663.283.909', 'D03.633.100.150.909']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Expression and localization of follicle-stimulating hormone receptor in the yak uterus during different stages of the oestrous cycle.
|
Morphological changes of the uterus and alterations in its secretory activity under the influence of steroid hormones been well documented. The oestrous cycle is also associated with significant changes in plasma follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), whose effects are mediated through its receptor (FSHR). Reports showed that in many mammals, FSHR was expressed in gonadal and extragonadal tissues including cervix, female reproductive tract, and pituitary gland. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) signals through endothelial FSHR directly stimulate angiogenesis and involved in the timing of birth in human, and the presence of FSHR in the placenta is essential for normal pregnancy in mice. But little is known about FSHR expression in the yak uterus. The main objective of the present study was to determine the expression and localization of FSHR in the yak uterus during different phases of the oestrous cycle. Results showed that FSHR protein was localized in the surface and glandular epithelial cells, stroma cells, myometrial smooth muscle cells and blood vessel endothelial cells. The expression of FSHR protein peaked at oestrus, significantly decreased at dioestrus (p < 0.05) and increased again at proestrus. FSHR mRNA was highly expressed at both proestrus and oestrus, and decreased at metestrus with the lowest values at dioestrus (p < 0.05). In conclusion, FSHR expression in the yak uterus changed with the stage of the oestrous cycle suggesting that FSHR plays an essential role in regulating the endometrial and myometrial functions during the oestrus cycle in the yak.
|
['Animals', 'Cattle', 'Estrous Cycle', 'Female', 'Gene Expression', 'Receptors, FSH', 'Uterus']
| 30,120,840
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['G08.686.195'], ['G05.297'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.250', 'D12.776.543.750.720.600.370', 'D12.776.543.750.750.555.370', 'D12.776.543.750.750.660.350.300'], ['A05.360.319.679']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) versus multiple daily injections (MDI) of rapid-acting insulin analogues and detemir in type 1 diabetic (T1D) pregnant women.
|
OBJECTIVE: To compare glycemic control, maternal-neonatal outcomes and fetal fat body mass growth of type 1 diabetic pregnant women treated with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) or multiple daily injections (MDI) with the long-acting insulin analogue detemir as basal insulin.METHODS: Retrospective study of 53 women, attending the Unit of Prenatal Medicine of Careggi University Hospital, Florence, from 2009 to 2012: 35 treated with CSII, 18 with MDI-detemir. Each woman performed daily blood glucose self-monitoring, had an individualized nutritional therapy, weekly prenatal visits and ultrasound scans (US) according to the Tuscan guidelines. US were also performed every two weeks from 28 to 38 weeks of gestation to assess fetal fat body mass growth. Student's t-test and Chi-square test were performed to compare the groups' results.RESULTS: No significant differences were observed in metabolic control, in any maternal and neonatal outcome nor fetal fat body mass growth for either group. The MDI group needed higher daily doses of insulin (MDI: 1.00 ± 0.32 UI/kg versus CSII: 0.75 ± 0.29 UI/kg, p = 0.007) to reach results comparable to the CSII group.CONCLUSIONS: MDI therapy with detemir is a safe and effective alternative, with a good benefit-cost ratio compared to insulin pumps.
|
['Adult', 'Cost-Benefit Analysis', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hypoglycemic Agents', 'Infusions, Subcutaneous', 'Injections, Subcutaneous', 'Insulin Detemir', 'Insulin Infusion Systems', 'Pregnancy', 'Retrospective Studies']
| 24,724,804
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['N03.219.151.125'], ['C18.452.394.750.124', 'C19.246.267', 'C20.111.327'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D27.505.696.422'], ['E02.319.267.510.795'], ['E02.319.267.530.620'], ['D06.472.699.587.200.300.050', 'D12.644.548.586.200.300.050'], ['E02.319.300.508', 'E07.505.508', 'E07.858.082.505.508'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Some observations on the determination of cortisol in human plasma by radioimmunoassay using antisera against cortisol-3-BSA.
|
Antisera were obtained from rabbits immunised against cortisol-3-BSA with a view to examining their application in a radioimmunoassay of the steroid. One such antiserum was studied in detail; cross-reactivity with other C21 steroids normally present in human plasma was negligible and it proved possible to establish a radioimmunoassay which satisfied all criteria of reliability. The specificity of the cortisol determination achieved in human plasma was examined by performing measurements with and without including an initial Sephadex LH-20 column chromatographic purification step; the values obtained were in excellent agreement both for normal plasma and for that obtained following adrenal stimulation with ACTH.
|
['Addison Disease', 'Adult', 'Animals', 'Cattle', 'Cross Reactions', 'Humans', 'Hydrocortisone', 'Methods', 'Protein Binding', 'Radioimmunoassay', 'Serum Albumin, Bovine']
| 1,239,101
|
[['C19.053.500.263', 'C20.111.163'], ['M01.060.116'], ['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['G12.122.281'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D04.210.500.745.745.654.600', 'D06.472.040.585.353.476', 'D06.472.040.585.478.392'], ['E05.581'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808'], ['E01.370.384.700', 'E05.478.566.639', 'E05.601.470.639'], ['D12.776.034.841.540', 'D12.776.124.727.875']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Preoperative fluid bolus and reduction of postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing laparoscopic gynecologic surgery.
|
We conducted a randomized clinical trial of patients undergoing laparoscopic gynecologic surgery to determine the effect of a calculated preoperative fluid bolus on postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). For the study, 46 women were randomly assigned to an experimental group, group 1, or a control group, group 2. Group 1 received up to 1,000 mL of replacement fluid preoperatively, using the 4-2-1 formula. Group 2 received the anesthesia provider's routine replacement fluids. Neither group received antiemetics preoperatively or intraoperatively. All patients were assessed for PONV by nurses blinded to patient group assignment. Group 1 patients experienced significantly lower occurrences of PONV than did group 2 patients (P = .046). The preoperative fluid bolus seemed to be a significant factor in preventing PONV in group 1. Demographic and other factors reported to cause PONV, such as the length of surgery and major manipulation of the bowels, were similar in both groups. There was no significant difference between groups in reception of postoperative opioid, a known cause of PONV. Drops in blood pressure were thought to affect PONV, but group 1 patients had larger decreases in blood pressure than did group 2 patients.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Double-Blind Method', 'Female', 'Fluid Therapy', 'Gynecologic Surgical Procedures', 'Humans', 'Laparoscopy', 'Middle Aged', 'Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting', 'Preoperative Care', 'Prospective Studies']
| 19,388,505
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E05.318.370.300', 'E05.581.500.300', 'N05.715.360.325.320', 'N06.850.520.445.300'], ['E02.319.360'], ['E04.950.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.388.250.520', 'E04.502.250.520'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C23.550.767.859', 'C23.888.821.712.700', 'C23.888.821.937.059'], ['E02.760.795', 'E04.604.750', 'N02.421.585.795'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Egocentric social network analysis of pathological gambling.
|
AIMS: To apply social network analysis (SNA) to investigate whether frequency and severity of gambling problems were associated with different network characteristics among friends, family and co-workers is an innovative way to look at relationships among individuals; the current study was the first, to our knowledge, to apply SNA to gambling behaviors.DESIGN: Egocentric social network analysis was used to characterize formally the relationships between social network characteristics and gambling pathology.SETTING: Laboratory-based questionnaire and interview administration.PARTICIPANTS: Forty frequent gamblers (22 non-pathological gamblers, 18 pathological gamblers) were recruited from the community.MEASUREMENTS AND FINDINGS: The SNA revealed significant social network compositional differences between the two groups: pathological gamblers (PGs) had more gamblers, smokers and drinkers in their social networks than did non-pathological gamblers (NPGs). PGs had more individuals in their network with whom they personally gambled, smoked and drank than those with who were NPG. Network ties were closer to individuals in their networks who gambled, smoked and drank more frequently. Associations between gambling severity and structural network characteristics were not significant.CONCLUSIONS: Pathological gambling is associated with compositional but not structural differences in social networks. Pathological gamblers differ from non-pathological gamblers in the number of gamblers, smokers and drinkers in their social networks. Homophily within the networks also indicates that gamblers tend to be closer with other gamblers. This homophily may serve to reinforce addictive behaviors, and may suggest avenues for future study or intervention.
|
['Adult', 'Alcohol Drinking', 'Behavior, Addictive', 'Ego', 'Family', 'Female', 'Friends', 'Gambling', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Sexual Partners', 'Smoking', 'Social Support']
| 23,072,641
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['F01.145.317.269'], ['F01.145.527.100.120'], ['F01.752.747.189', 'F02.739.794.206'], ['F01.829.263', 'I01.880.853.150'], ['M01.252'], ['F01.145.722.408', 'F03.250.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.778'], ['F01.145.805'], ['I01.880.853.500.600']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Selecting and evaluating decision-making strategies in the intensive care unit: A systematic review.
|
PURPOSE: Many patients in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) die after a decision to withhold or withdraw treatment. To ensure that for each patient the appropriate decision is taken, a careful decision-making process is required. This review identifies strategies that can be used to optimize the decision-making process for continuing versus limiting life sustaining treatment of ICU patients.METHODS: We conducted a systematic review of the literature by searching PUBMED and EMBASE.RESULTS: Thirty-two studies were included, with five categories of decision-making strategies (1) integrated communication, (2) consultative communication, (3) ethics consultation, (4) palliative care consultation and (5) decision aids. Many different outcome measures were used and none of them covered all aspects of decisions on continuing versus limiting life sustaining treatment. Integrated communication strategies had a positive effect on multiple outcome measures. Frequent, predefined family-meetings as well as triggered and integrated ethical or palliative consultation were able to reduce length of stay of patients who eventually died, without increasing overall mortality.CONCLUSIONS: The decision-making process in the ICU can be enhanced by frequent family-meetings with predefined topics. Ethical and palliative support is useful in specific situations. These interventions can reduce non-beneficial ICU treatment days.
|
['Communication', 'Critical Illness', 'Decision Making', 'Decision Support Techniques', 'Humans', 'Intensive Care Units', 'Life Support Care']
| 30,738,286
|
[['F01.145.209', 'L01.143'], ['C23.550.291.625'], ['F02.463.785.373'], ['E05.245', 'L01.313.500.750.190'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N02.278.388.493'], ['E02.760.440', 'N02.421.585.440']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
A paradoxical effect of an antiestrogen, CI-628, on implantation in the mouse.
|
Some triphenylethylene compounds (TPE), commonly known as antiestrogens, have been reported to interfere with pregnancy. This effect of these TPE compounds was attributed to their antagonistic effects to estrogen in the uterus and/or the embryo. Paradoxically, recent evidence suggests that several TPE compounds act as estrogen agonists in inducing embryo implantation in the uterus of ovariectomized, progesterone-treated, delayed-implanting mice. The present study was undertaken to determine the effect of CI-628, a TPE compound, on normal pregnancy and its site of action. Mice were given a single injection of CI-628 (1.5, 5, or 15 micrograms/mouse, ip) on Day 3, Day 4, or both days and killed on Day 8 for examination of implantation sites or unimplanted embryos. CI-628 at 5 and 15 micrograms reduced the implantation rate when injected on Day 3 or Days 3 and 4, but not when administered only on Day 4. The lower dose of the compound (1.5 micrograms) was ineffective in altering implantation. The implantation failure was overcome to various degrees by simultaneous injection of progesterone (2 mg/mouse, sc), but not by estradiol-17 beta (20 ng/mouse, sc). These results suggest that Day 3 is critical for CI-628 to exert its inhibitory effect and that this compound appears to affect ovarian progesterone synthesis and/or secretion. This suggestion is consistent with our findings that animals that showed implantation following injection of 5 or 15 micrograms of CI-628 had higher serum progesterone levels than those without implantation. Serum progesterone levels of animals bearing implantation sites following 5 micrograms of CI-628 on Day 3 or Day 4 were comparable to those of vehicle-treated controls, whereas the level of this steroid in animals treated with 15 micrograms of CI-628 and having implantation sites was relatively lower. However, a small number of animals that had implantation following treatment with 5 micrograms of CI-628 on Days 3 and 4 showed lower progesterone levels compared to those of the controls, but not different from those of some of the treated animals without implantation. Treatment with estrogen could not restore progesterone levels or implantation. In summary, the results suggest that CI-628 acts as an estrogen antagonist in interfering with implantation at the ovarian level in intact, pregnant mice.
|
['Animals', 'Drug Administration Schedule', 'Embryo Implantation', 'Embryonic Development', 'Female', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred Strains', 'Nitromifene', 'Pregnancy', 'Progesterone', 'Pyrrolidines']
| 3,054,903
|
[['B01.050'], ['E02.319.283'], ['G08.686.784.170.104.500'], ['G07.345.500.325.180', 'G08.686.784.170.104'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400'], ['D03.383.773.610'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['D04.210.500.745.745.654.829', 'D06.472.334.734.623', 'D06.472.334.851.687.750'], ['D03.383.773']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Lactate transport in macrophages.
|
Macrophages perform phagocytic and effector activities in a number of different tissues. The environment of the inflammatory foci in which they function is often acidic and contains an abundance of lactate. We characterized the ability of thioglycollate-elicited mouse peritoneal macrophages to accumulate lactate from the medium and to use this lactate to maintain intracellular energy stores. Lactate uptake was stereospecific for L-lactate and was inhibited by the organic anion transport blocker probenecid but not by concentrations of 4,4'-diisothiocyanatostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid that block anion exchangers. L-[14C]Lactate uptake was not affected by variation of the extracellular Na+ concentration but was enhanced by acidification of the extracellular medium, suggesting that lactate uptake was mediated by a proton cotransport system. The enhanced accumulation of [14C]-lactate seen in medium at pH 6.0 to 6.5 was inhibited by probenecid or by an excess of unlabeled L-lactate. When macrophages were incubated in PBS without glucose for 6 h, intracellular stores of phosphocreatine were 13 nmol/mg of protein, compared with 44 nmol/mg of protein in cells incubated in medium containing glucose. When lactate was substituted for glucose, phosphocreatine stores were 32 nmol/mg of protein. These studies reveal that macrophages take up L-lactate in a pH-dependent manner and that lactate uptake occurs via a probenecid-inhibitable monocarboxylate transporter; they suggest that macrophages can utilize this lactate as an energy source.
|
['Adenosine Triphosphate', 'Animals', 'Biological Transport', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Energy Metabolism', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Lactates', 'Lactic Acid', 'Macrophages', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Monensin', 'Nigericin', 'Peritoneal Cavity', 'Sodium', 'Stereoisomerism']
| 8,436,827
|
[['D03.633.100.759.646.138.236', 'D13.695.667.138.236', 'D13.695.827.068.236'], ['B01.050'], ['G03.143'], ['A11.251'], ['G03.295'], ['G02.300'], ['D02.241.511.459'], ['D02.241.511.459.450'], ['A11.329.372', 'A11.627.482', 'A11.733.397', 'A15.382.670.522', 'A15.382.680.397'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['D03.383.312.600'], ['D03.383.312.634', 'D03.383.663.620'], ['A01.923.047.025.600.678'], ['D01.268.549.750', 'D01.268.557.650', 'D01.552.528.850', 'D01.552.547.725'], ['G02.607.445.682']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
History of the membrane (pump) theory of the living cell from its beginning in mid-19th century to its disproof 45 years ago--though still taught worldwide today as established truth.
|
The concept that the basic unit of all life, the cell, is a membrane-enclosed soup of (free) water, (free) K+ (and native) proteins is called the membrane theory. A careful examination of past records shows that this theory has no author in the true sense of the word. Rather, it grew mostly out of some mistaken ideas made by Theodor Schwann in his Cell Theory. (This is not to deny that there is a membrane theory with an authentic author but this authored membrane theory came later and is much more narrowly focussed and accordingly can at best be regarded as an offshoot of the broader and older membrane theory without an author.) However, there is no ambiguity on the demise of the membrane theory, which occurred more than 60 years ago, when a flood of converging evidence showed that the asymmetrical distribution of K+ and Na+ observed in virtually all living cells is not the result of the presence of a membrane barrier that permits some solutes like water and K+ to move in and out of the cell, while barring--absolutely and permanently--the passage of other solutes like Na+. To keep the membrane theory afloat, submicroscopic pumps were installed across the cell membrane to maintain, for example, the level of Na+ in the cell low and the level of K+ high by the ceaseless pumping activities at the expense of metabolic energy. Forty-five year ago this version of the membrane theory was also experimentally disproved. In spite of all these overwhelming evidence against the membrane-pump theory, it still is being taught as verified truth in all high-school and biology textbooks known to us today. Meanwhile, almost unnoticed, a new unifying theory of the living cell, called the association-induction hypothesis came into being some 40 years ago. Also little noticed was the fact that it has received extensive confirmation worldwide and has shown an ability to provide self-consistent interpretations of most if not all known experimental observations that are contradicting the membrane-pump theory as well as other observations that seem to support the membrane pump theory.
|
['Animals', 'Cell Membrane', 'Cell Nucleus', 'Cell Survival', 'Cytoplasm', 'History, 18th Century', 'History, 19th Century', 'History, 20th Century', 'Humans', 'Ion Channels', 'Models, Biological', 'Osmosis']
| 18,613,639
|
[['B01.050'], ['A11.284.149'], ['A11.284.430.106', 'A11.284.430.214.190.875.117'], ['G04.346'], ['A11.284.430.214'], ['K01.400.504.875'], ['K01.400.504.937'], ['K01.400.504.968'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.157.530.400', 'D12.776.543.550.450', 'D12.776.543.585.400'], ['E05.599.395'], ['G01.154.090.750', 'G02.111.655', 'G02.691', 'G02.723.495']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Pain and disease as a transformation. An analysis from phenomenology and narration].
|
Pain and disease are life experiences difficult to be understood due to different reasons: they both fall under subjective limits; the sufferer feels imprisoned in his own pain and perceives a radical rupture within himself, and the sufferer feels he is alone to himself, unable to communicate. All these reasons explain that suffering is a transforming element in life. In modern scientific medicine, regarding the treatment of pain, the physiological approach is the preponderant one. Therefore, other intrinsic dimensions of the person, like the psychic, the spiritual, the relational or the identity are not viewed as detrimental. This is an oversimplification of the reality which implies that the person is treated as an object. This can be interpreted as an attempt to the dignity of the person. This paper is aimed to contribute to a broader understanding of pain and a better patient care. The author lays out the results of combining two different approaches of pain: the story that a writer invents about his own pain and the phenomenological analysis of Toombs and Carel. Four eidetic categories of pain are presented in this paper: the otherness, the metamorphosis and the identity crisis, the placement in the present time and the loneliness and loss of relations. As a conclusion, this paper gives a definition of disease that includes the previous four elements. Moreover, it proposes the ways of narration and expression as a complement to the pharmacological treatment in order to healing and care.
|
['Humans', 'Identity Crisis', 'Loneliness', 'Narration', 'Pain', 'Time']
| 30,380,898
|
[['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.752.747.423'], ['F01.470.713', 'I01.880.853.748.435'], ['E05.318.308.502', 'F01.145.209.459', 'L01.399.250.660', 'N05.715.360.300.480', 'N06.850.520.308.502'], ['C23.888.592.612', 'F02.830.816.444', 'G11.561.790.444'], ['G01.910']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
A matched-control evaluation of an antifungal bundle in the intensive care unit at a university teaching hospital.
|
BACKGROUND: Antimicrobial use bundles are becoming a common means of implementing antimicrobial stewardship initiatives in the hospital setting. Although the utility of these bundles has been described for many disease states, their adoption for antifungal therapy management is largely unknown.OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to assess the utility of an antifungal bundle protocol in limiting excessive use of echinocandins in the intensive-care inpatient setting.METHODS: In this matched-control evaluation, pre-protocol control patients were matched with each prospective patient in a 2:1 ratio using five demographic and clinical characteristics. The impact of the antifungal bundle protocol on caspofungin days of therapy, drug costs, and adherence to bundle criteria was assessed.RESULTS: A significant reduction in median days of caspofungin therapy (4.00 vs. 2.00 days, p = 0.001) was found in the bundle group. Most of this reduction in use was realized in the medical ICU (p = 0.002) as opposed to the surgical ICU (p = 0.188).CONCLUSIONS: Use of an antifungal bundle approach appears to facilitate a reduction in caspofungin use in the ICU without adversely affecting patient outcomes. Further trials are needed to assess the utility of such bundles in providing antimicrobial stewardship for antifungal drug use.
|
['Adult', 'Antifungal Agents', 'Caspofungin', 'Echinocandins', 'Female', 'Hospitals, Teaching', 'Hospitals, University', 'Humans', 'Intensive Care Units', 'Lipopeptides', 'Male', 'Middle Aged']
| 23,100,183
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D27.505.954.122.136'], ['D10.477.250', 'D12.644.365.250', 'D12.644.641.311.500'], ['D12.644.641.311'], ['N02.278.020.300', 'N02.278.421.639'], ['N02.278.020.300.310', 'N02.278.421.639.725'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N02.278.388.493'], ['D10.477', 'D12.644.365'], ['M01.060.116.630']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
[Effect of dihydropyrrol and maleimide derivatives on the state of the liver and colon in normal rats and those with colorectal carcinogenesis induced by dimethylhydrazine].
|
No liver and colon alterations in rats, caused by cytostatic compounds 5-amino-4-(1,3-benzothyazol-2-yl)-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)-1,2-dihydro-3H-pyrrol-3-one (D1) and 1-(4-Cl-benzyl)-3-Cl-4-(CF3-phenylamino)-1H-pyrrol-2,5-dione (MI-1) when administered over a long time were found, as evidenced by the histopathological data and the data of activity of transaminases, alkaline phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase in the blood serum. D1 and MI-1 in vivo decrease the total area of DMH-induced colon tumors in rats by 46-60%. Furthermore, D1 and MI-1 partially protect the liver and colon mucosa from toxic effects caused by 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) reducing DNA oxidative modifications, as evidenced by urine 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine level. The effects of both compounds are similar, but MI-1 is less toxic for the liver and colon of intact animals possessing more pronounced antitumor activity and protective properties in the setting of chemically induced carcinogenesis.
|
['1,2-Dimethylhydrazine', "8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine", 'Alkaline Phosphatase', 'Animals', 'Antineoplastic Agents', 'Cell Nucleus', 'Cell Transformation, Neoplastic', 'Colon', 'Colonic Neoplasms', 'DNA Damage', 'Deoxyguanosine', 'Hepatocytes', 'Intestinal Mucosa', 'L-Lactate Dehydrogenase', 'Liver', 'Male', 'Maleimides', 'Pyrroles', 'Rats', 'Thiazoles', 'Transaminases', 'Tumor Burden']
| 23,937,051
|
[['D02.442.600.400.200'], ['D03.633.100.759.590.454.240.500', 'D13.570.230.360.500', 'D13.570.583.454.240.500'], ['D08.811.277.352.650.035'], ['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.248'], ['A11.284.430.106', 'A11.284.430.214.190.875.117'], ['C04.697.098.500', 'C23.550.727.098.500'], ['A03.556.124.526.356', 'A03.556.249.249.356'], ['C04.588.274.476.411.307.180', 'C06.301.371.411.307.180', 'C06.405.249.411.307.180', 'C06.405.469.158.356.180', 'C06.405.469.491.307.180'], ['G05.200'], ['D03.633.100.759.590.454.240', 'D13.570.230.360', 'D13.570.583.454.240'], ['A11.436.348'], ['A03.556.124.369', 'A10.615.550.444'], ['D08.811.682.047.551.400', 'D08.811.682.047.820.493'], ['A03.620'], ['D02.241.081.337.502.524', 'D02.478.440', 'D03.383.129.578.399'], ['D03.383.129.578'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['D02.886.675', 'D03.383.129.708'], ['D08.811.913.477.700'], ['E05.041.124.892']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Chronic stress induced changes in LH secretion: the contribution of anorexia associated to stress.
|
The effects of chronic intermittent immobilization (IMO) on serum LH levels of adult male rats were studied. Chronic IMO (2 h daily for 13 days) did not alter basal LH levels, but abolished the LH response to acute stressors (IMO and tailshock). The inhibition of LH caused by acute exposure to IMO for 4 or 18 h was similar in control and chronic IMO rats. Also the LH response to exogenous LHRH administration was normal in chronically stressed rats. When a group of rats eating the same amount of food as that eaten by immobilized rats was introduced (pair-fed), an inhibition of LH response to acute stressors quite similar to that found in chronic IMO rats was observed. These data indicate that chronic stress-induced inhibition of LH release caused by short-term exposure to acute stressors was located above the pituitary and was mainly due to anorexia accompanying daily exposure to the stressor.
|
['Analysis of Variance', 'Animals', 'Anorexia', 'Immobilization', 'Luteinizing Hormone', 'Male', 'Random Allocation', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Stress, Physiological']
| 8,450,711
|
[['E05.318.740.150', 'N05.715.360.750.125', 'N06.850.520.830.150'], ['B01.050'], ['C23.888.821.108'], ['E05.472'], ['D06.472.699.322.576.463', 'D06.472.699.631.525.343.463', 'D12.644.548.691.525.343.463'], ['E05.318.370.700', 'E05.581.500.805', 'N05.715.360.325.675', 'N06.850.520.445.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['G07.775']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Constitutive and induced CD44 shedding by ADAM-like proteases and membrane-type 1 matrix metalloproteinase.
|
CD44 is a receptor for hyaluronan and mediates signaling that regulates complex cell behavior including cancer cell migration and invasion. Shedding of the extracellular portion of CD44 is the last step in the regulation of the molecule-releasing interaction between the ligand and cell. However, highly glycosylated forms of CD44 have hampered the identification of the exact cleavage sites for shedding and the responsible proteases. In this study, we found that expression of membrane-type 1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP) increased shedding of the 65-70 kDa CD44H (standard form) fragments and generated two additional smaller fragments. We purified the shed fragments and identified the cleaved sites by mass spectrometry. Specific antibodies that recognize the newly exposed COOH terminus by cleavage were prepared and used to analyze shedding at each site. Shedding of the 65-70 kDa fragments was inhibited by tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 3 (TIMP-3) but not by TIMP-1 and TIMP-2, suggesting involvement of a disintegrin and metalloproteinase (ADAM)-like proteases, although shedding is affected by MT1-MMP. Conversely, shedding of the two smaller fragments was inhibited by TIMP-2 and TIMP-3 but not TIMP-1, suggesting involvement of MT1-MMP itself. Shed fragments cleaved at these sites were also detected in human tumor tissues. Increased shedding at one of the MT1-MMP-sensitive sites was observed in the tumor compared with the surrounding normal tissue. However, no significant difference was observed with shedding by ADAM-like proteases. Thus, the cleavage sites for the shedding of CD44H were identified for the first time, and the results provide a basis for exploring the unknown biologic roles of shedding at different sites.
|
['ADAM Proteins', 'ADAM10 Protein', 'Amino Acid Sequence', 'Amyloid Precursor Protein Secretases', 'Antibody Specificity', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Humans', 'Hyaluronan Receptors', 'Matrix Metalloproteinases, Membrane-Associated', 'Melanoma', 'Membrane Proteins', 'Metalloendopeptidases', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Peptide Fragments']
| 14,871,815
|
[['D08.811.277.656.675.374.102', 'D09.400.430.500', 'D12.776.395.033'], ['D08.811.277.656.675.374.102.250', 'D09.400.430.500.250', 'D12.776.395.033.250'], ['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.032'], ['G12.100'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D09.698.735.200.625', 'D12.776.395.550.200.625.144', 'D12.776.395.650.750.281', 'D12.776.543.550.200.625.144', 'D12.776.543.750.705.877.144', 'D23.050.301.350.625.144'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.480.525.300', 'D08.811.277.656.675.374.525.300', 'D12.776.543.493'], ['C04.557.465.625.650.510', 'C04.557.580.625.650.510', 'C04.557.665.510'], ['D12.776.543'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.480', 'D08.811.277.656.675.374'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['D12.644.541']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Cholesterol increases adhesion of monocytes to endothelium by moving adhesion molecules out of caveolae.
|
Caveolae and its structural protein caveolin-1 (Cav-1) are abundant in vascular endothelial cells (ECs). We examined whether caveolae are involved in monocyte adhesion to ECs responding to a synergy of hypercholesterolemia and inflammation. Treating human umbilical vein ECs with cholesterol enhanced endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced monocyte adhesion. Use of isolated caveolae-enriched membranes revealed that cell adhesion molecules (CAMs), including intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), co-localized with Cav-1 in caveolae. LPS upregulated CAMs expression and increased the co-localization. Cholesterol exposure decreased the level of CAMs in the caveolae. Co-immunoprecipitation and confocal microscopy revealed that ICAM-1 interacted with Cav-1. Electron microscopy showed that ICAM-1 was mainly located in caveolae. Cholesterol exposure decreased this interaction and drove ICAM-1 out of caveolae. Knockdown of Cav-1 reduced the synergistic effects of cholesterol and inflammation. In vivo, ICAM-1 and Cav-1 co-localization was lower in the aortic endothelium of ApoE(-)(/)(-) mice than in that of wild-type controls. Cav-1 negatively regulates monocyte adhesion by the co-localization of CAMs in caveolae, which is disturbed by cholesterol. Thus, our study suggests a molecular basis underlying the synergistic effects of hypercholesterolemia and inflammation in atherogenesis.
|
['Animals', 'Apolipoproteins E', 'Biological Transport', 'Cattle', 'Caveolae', 'Caveolin 1', 'Cell Adhesion', 'Cholesterol', 'Endothelium, Vascular', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Humans', 'Hypercholesterolemia', 'Inflammation', 'Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1', 'Lipopolysaccharides', 'Mice', 'Mice, Knockout', 'Monocytes', 'Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1']
| 20,382,259
|
[['B01.050'], ['D10.532.091.500', 'D12.776.070.400.500', 'D12.776.521.120.500'], ['G03.143'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['A11.284.149.165.175.160', 'A11.284.149.165.570.160', 'A11.284.430.214.190.875.190.880.180.160'], ['D12.644.360.024.264', 'D12.776.157.057.010', 'D12.776.476.024.280', 'D12.776.543.990.100.500', 'D12.776.744.287'], ['G04.022'], ['D04.210.500.247.222.284', 'D04.210.500.247.808.197', 'D10.570.938.208'], ['A07.015.700.500', 'A10.272.491.355'], ['G05.308'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C18.452.584.500.500.396'], ['C23.550.470'], ['D12.776.395.550.200.450', 'D12.776.543.550.200.450', 'D23.050.301.350.450'], ['D09.400.500', 'D09.698.718.450', 'D10.494', 'D23.050.161.616.525', 'D23.946.123.329.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.136.500.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.455', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800.500'], ['A11.118.637.555.652', 'A11.148.580', 'A11.627.624', 'A11.733.547', 'A15.145.229.637.555.652', 'A15.378.316.580', 'A15.382.490.555.652', 'A15.382.670.547', 'A15.382.680.547'], ['D12.776.395.550.200.920', 'D12.776.543.550.200.920', 'D23.050.301.350.920']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
["Pro Ana": Psychodynamic References for Anorexia Nervosa].
|
"Pro Ana": Psychodynamic References for Anorexia Nervosa The internet-based phenomenon "Pro Ana" refers to the eating disorder anorexia nervosa in a positive way. To understand what the phenomenon "Pro Ana" represents, the websites are used as a starting point of the current analysis. Based on these results, similarities and differences between "Pro Ana" and the eating disorder anorexia nervosa are discussed. Furthermore psychodynamic references for anorexia nervosa are derived and finally their importance for treatment motivation will be considered.
|
['Anorexia Nervosa', 'Blogging', 'Body Image', 'Countertransference', 'Feeding and Eating Disorders', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Internet', 'Motivation', 'Narcissism', 'Patient Acceptance of Health Care', 'Psychoanalytic Theory', 'Self Concept', 'Social Networking', 'Social Support', 'Social Values', 'Therapy, Computer-Assisted', 'Thinness']
| 28,142,631
|
[['F03.400.125'], ['L01.143.140', 'L01.178.148', 'L01.559.423.906.296'], ['F01.752.747.792.110', 'F02.463.593.112'], ['F04.754.720.864.363'], ['F03.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.224.230.110.500'], ['F01.658', 'F01.752.543.500.750'], ['F02.739.794.582'], ['F01.100.150.750.500', 'F01.145.488.887.500', 'N05.300.150.800.500'], ['F02.739.794'], ['F01.752.747.792'], ['L01.143.910'], ['I01.880.853.500.600'], ['F01.829.873'], ['E02.950', 'L01.313.500.750.100.710'], ['C23.888.144.828', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120.828', 'G07.100.100.160.120.828']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
[A case of gastric cancer with DIC caused by multiple bone metastases treated with TS-1].
|
A 71-year-old woman was admitted for anorexia. Endoscopic findings revealed type 3 gastric cancer. Histological examination of the endoscopic biopsy revealed poorly-differentiated adenocarcinoma. We performed total gastrectomy. However, 18 days after surgery, DIC due to multiple bone metastases occurred. The patient was treated with TS-1 chemotherapy in addition to anti-DIC therapy. TS-1(100 mg/day) was administered on days 1 to 5, 8 to 12, and 15 to 19 . The DIC was resolved. She was discharged after 2 courses of this regimen. This chemotherapy can be applied for the management of DIC caused by multiple bone metastases.
|
['Adenocarcinoma', 'Aged', 'Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic', 'Bone Neoplasms', 'Combined Modality Therapy', 'Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation', 'Drug Administration Schedule', 'Drug Combinations', 'Female', 'Gastrectomy', 'Humans', 'Oxonic Acid', 'Pyridines', 'Stomach Neoplasms', 'Tegafur']
| 16,685,168
|
[['C04.557.470.200.025'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D27.505.519.186.144', 'D27.505.954.248.144', 'D27.888.569.042.030'], ['C04.588.149', 'C05.116.231'], ['E02.186'], ['C15.378.100.220', 'C15.378.463.250', 'C15.378.925.220'], ['E02.319.283'], ['D26.310'], ['E04.210.419'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D03.383.931.640'], ['D03.383.725'], ['C04.588.274.476.767', 'C06.301.371.767', 'C06.405.249.767', 'C06.405.748.789'], ['D03.383.742.698.875.404.850']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Negative electrostatic contribution to the bending rigidity of charged membranes and polyelectrolytes screened by multivalent counterions.
|
Bending rigidity of a charged membrane or polyelectrolyte screened by monovalent counterions is known to be enhanced by electrostatic effects. We show that in the case of screening by multivalent counterions the electrostatic effects reduce the bending rigidity. This inversion of the sign of the electrostatic contribution is related to the formation of two-dimensional strongly correlated liquids (SCL) of counterions at the charged surface due to strong lateral repulsion between them. When a membrane or a polyelectrolyte is bent, SCL is compressed on one side and stretched on the other so that thermodynamic properties of SCL contribute to the bending rigidity. Thermodynamic properties of SCL are similar to those of Wigner crystal and are anomalous in the sense that the pressure, compressibility and screening radius of SCL are negative. This brings about substantial negative correction to the bending rigidity. For the case of DNA this effect qualitatively agrees with experiment.
|
['Cations', 'DNA', 'Elasticity', 'Lipid Bilayers', 'Membranes, Artificial', 'Models, Biological', 'Models, Chemical', 'Polyamines', 'Polyelectrolytes', 'Polymers', 'Static Electricity', 'Thermodynamics']
| 11,970,642
|
[['D01.248.497.300'], ['D13.444.308'], ['G01.374.590'], ['D10.570.510', 'J01.637.087.500.510'], ['D25.479', 'J01.637.051.479', 'J01.637.087.500'], ['E05.599.395'], ['E05.599.495'], ['D02.092.782'], ['D01.248.700', 'D05.750.230'], ['D05.750', 'D25.720', 'J01.637.051.720'], ['G01.358.500.249.820'], ['G01.906']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
A targeted point mutation in thrombomodulin generates viable mice with a prethrombotic state.
|
The activity of the coagulation system is regulated, in part, by the interaction of thrombin with the endothelial cell receptor thrombomodulin with subsequent generation of activated protein C and suppression of thrombin production. Our previous investigation demonstrated that ablation of the thrombomodulin gene in mice causes embryonic lethality before the assembly of a functional cardiovascular system, indicating a critical role for the receptor in early development. In the current study, we show that a single amino acid substitution in thrombomodulin dissociates the developmental function of the receptor from its role as a regulator of blood coagulation. Homozygous mutant mice with severely reduced capacity to generate activated protein C or inhibit thrombin develop to term, and possess normal reproductive performance. The above animals exhibit increased fibrin deposition in selected organs, which implies tissue specific regulation of the coagulation system that is supported by further evidence from the examination of mice with defects in fibrinolysis. The thrombomodulin-deficient animals provide a murine model to examine known or identify unknown genetic and environmental factors that lead to the development of thrombosis.
|
['Animals', 'Blood Coagulation', 'Embryonic and Fetal Development', 'Enzyme Activation', 'Female', 'Fertility', 'Fibrin', 'Fibrinolysis', 'Homozygote', 'Mice', 'Mice, Mutant Strains', 'Mutagenesis, Site-Directed', 'Placenta', 'Point Mutation', 'Pregnancy', 'Protein C', 'Thrombomodulin', 'Thrombosis', 'Tissue Distribution']
| 9,576,763
|
[['B01.050'], ['G09.188.390.150'], ['G07.345.500.325', 'G08.686.784.170'], ['G02.111.263', 'G03.328'], ['G08.686.210'], ['D12.776.124.270'], ['G09.188.390.150.390'], ['G05.380.554'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550'], ['E05.393.420.601.575'], ['A16.710'], ['G05.365.590.675'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['D08.622.705', 'D12.776.124.650', 'D12.776.395.635', 'D12.776.811.243.705', 'D23.113.700'], ['D12.776.395.550.625.800.800', 'D12.776.543.550.625.800.800', 'D12.776.543.750.705.675.892.800', 'D12.776.543.750.750.850.800'], ['C14.907.355.830'], ['G03.787.917', 'G07.690.725.949']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Preparation of Black Hoof medicinal mushroom Phellinus linteus (Berk. et M.A. Curt.) Teng (Aphyllophoromycetideae) beta-glucan sulfate and in vitro tumor cell growth inhibitory activity.
|
Polysaccharide beta-glucans were extracted from the medicinal mushroom Phellinus linteus (Hymenochaetaceae, Aphyllophoromycetideae) and subjected to sulfation. Chemical modification of the beta-glucan was confirmed by structural analysis, and its biological properties were compared with those of native beta-glucan. The results of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and elemental analysis indicated that successive preparation of the sulfated derivative yielded a degree of substitution of 0.47. Nitric oxide production measured by the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) experiments increased 1.5-fold after sulfation. In addition, the introduction of sulfate groups into the beta-glucan chains improved in vitro growth inhibitory activity against SNU-C2A cells. Therefore, sulfated beta-glucan extracted from Ph. linteus may be beneficial for immune support due to its incorporation of functional groups into its polymer structure.
|
['Agaricales', 'Antineoplastic Agents', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Colonic Neoplasms', 'Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor', 'Humans', 'Nitric Oxide', 'Phellinus', 'Plant Extracts', 'Polysaccharides', 'Sulfates', 'beta-Glucans']
| 22,135,887
|
[['B01.300.179.100'], ['D27.505.954.248'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['C04.588.274.476.411.307.180', 'C06.301.371.411.307.180', 'C06.405.249.411.307.180', 'C06.405.469.158.356.180', 'C06.405.469.491.307.180'], ['E01.370.225.500.388', 'E05.200.500.388', 'E05.242.417', 'E05.337.550.200'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D01.339.387', 'D01.625.550.500', 'D01.625.700.500', 'D01.650.550.587.600'], ['B01.300.179.115'], ['D20.215.784.500', 'D26.667'], ['D09.698'], ['D01.248.497.158.845', 'D01.875.800.800.850'], ['D09.698.365.089']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[A clinical, neurophysiological and molecular study of 12 patients from 4 families with spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy].
|
INTRODUCTION: Spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA) is an X-linked, late-onset neuro-endocrine disorder resulting from an expansion of a CAG repeat in the androgen receptor gene. Material and method. We report the detailed phenotypic study in a series of 12 SBMA patients evaluated in four kindreds.RESULTS: Clinical phenotypic spectrum varied considerably, ranging from childhood-onset weakness and atrophy mimicking limb-girdle myopathy in patients with 53 CAG repeats to isolated hyperCKemia in an adult with 42 CAG repeats. All male patients had gynecomastia. Two female carriers presented with paresthesias and hand action tremor. Homozygous deletions of SMN1 and SMN2 genes were not found in any patients.CONCLUSION: This report demonstrates that SBMA may present with a wider clinical spectrum than previously described and suggests that clinical phenotype severity in SBMA is partially linked to the number of CAG repeats. It also suggests that SMN1 and SMN2 genes do not act as modifying genes in SBMA.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Child', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Middle Aged', 'Muscular Atrophy, Spinal', 'Muscular Disorders, Atrophic', 'Pedigree']
| 15,924,079
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.406'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C10.228.854.468', 'C10.574.562.500', 'C10.668.467.500'], ['C05.651.534', 'C10.668.491.175'], ['E05.393.673']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Comparative study of the interactions of cisplatin and carboplatin with nucleotides using UV resonance Raman spectroscopy.
|
We have obtained the UV excited resonance Raman spectra of five mononucleotides bound to cisplatin and to carboplatin using excitation in resonance with the first electronic absorption bands of the nucleotide bases. Substantial changes in the spectra are observed following interaction with both platinum drugs, indicating modifications to nucleotide structure. Pt (II) binds to base portions of the nucleotide molecules, altering their normal modes of vibration significantly. We present comparative data of cisplatin and carboplatin, and discuss the implications of these results. The kinetics of the drug/nucleotide reactions differ, but final products are found to be similar.
|
['Carboplatin', 'Cisplatin', 'Drug Interactions', 'Nucleotides', 'Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet', 'Spectrum Analysis, Raman']
| 8,241,424
|
[['D02.257.125'], ['D01.210.375', 'D01.625.125', 'D01.710.100'], ['G07.690.773.968'], ['D09.408.620', 'D13.695'], ['E05.196.712.726.802', 'E05.196.867.826.802'], ['E05.196.822.860', 'E05.196.867.890']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Determinants of lifestyle counseling and current practices: A cross-sectional study among Dutch general practitioners.
|
This study aimed to examine the amount of lifestyle counseling that Dutch general practitioners (GPs) generally provide to their patients, as well as the behavioral determinants of their lifestyle counseling practices. Lifestyle counseling was defined and operationalized through the 5As model (i.e. Assess, Advise, Agree, Assist and Arrange), while determinants were based on an adapted version of the theory of planned behavior. A cross-sectional study was conducted among a sample of 198 GPs, using an online survey questionnaire for collecting data. The results showed that 79.3% of the GPs assessed patients' current lifestyle often or always, while 60.1% reported they often or always assessed patients' motivation to improve their lifestyle. Depending on the lifestyle behavior, Advising to improve lifestyle ranged from 42.5% (sleep) to 92.4% (smoking), while Agree to set goals ranged from 21.7% (sleep) to 46.9% (smoking). Assisting patients to overcome barriers to lifestyle changes varied per patient barrier, ranging from lack of financial resources (25.7%) to stress (81.8%). The findings from the linear hierarchical regression revealed that GPs' self-efficacy (â = .46, p < .001), patient norm (â = .21, p < .001), and attitude (â = .20, p < .05) were the determinants with the strongest associations with lifestyle counseling. The full model explained 47% of the variance in counseling lifestyle. Implications for supporting GPs to counsel patients about their lifestyle are discussed.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Attitude of Health Personnel', 'Counseling', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Female', 'General Practitioners', 'Health Behavior', 'Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice', 'Humans', 'Life Style', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', "Practice Patterns, Physicians'", 'Surveys and Questionnaires']
| 32,692,740
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['F01.100.050', 'N05.300.100'], ['F02.784.176', 'F04.408.413', 'N02.421.143.303', 'N02.421.461.363'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['M01.526.485.810.485', 'N02.360.810.485'], ['F01.145.488'], ['F01.100.150.500', 'N05.300.150.410'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.829.458'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['N04.590.374.577', 'N05.300.625'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Biologically active recombinant human complement factor H: synthesis and secretion by the baculovirus system.
|
A complete cDNA clone (4.3 kb) encoding human complement factor H (hCFH; 155 kDa) has been cloned into the pVL1393 baculovirus expression vector and transfected into Spodoptera frugiperda Sf9 insect cells. A biologically active (92 +/- 15%) 140-kDa protein was secreted into the medium with a yield of more than 5 mg/liter. This is the first report of synthesis of biologically active recombinant hCFH in a heterologous system.
|
['Animals', 'Baculoviridae', 'Complement C3b', 'Complement Factor H', 'Genetic Vectors', 'Humans', 'Moths', 'Recombinant Proteins']
| 8,206,393
|
[['B01.050'], ['B04.280.065', 'B04.525.100'], ['D12.776.124.486.274.250.260'], ['D12.776.124.486.274.920.325.200', 'D12.776.124.790.223.200', 'D12.776.377.715.182.200'], ['G05.360.337'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['B01.050.500.131.617.720.500.500.937.650'], ['D12.776.828']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Integrin messenger RNAs in the red nucleus after axotomy and neurotrophic administration.
|
Integrins are cell surface receptors known to be important for regeneration in the peripheral nervous system. We have investigated the expression of integrin messenger RNAs in red nucleus neurons of adult rats after axotomy and administration of neurotrophic factors. Using radioactive in situ hybridization, messenger RNA for integrin subunits beta1, alpha3, alpha7 and alphaV could be detected. No change of any alpha subunit could be detected after axotomy. In contrast, a small upregulation of beta1 was detected after lesion. Administration of neurotrophin-3 induced a robust further increase in beta1 messenger RNA levels, whereas brain-derived neurotrophic factor did not. By analogy to the peripheral nervous system, we propose that integrins may be important for a regenerative response in central nervous system neurons.
|
['Animals', 'Antigens, CD', 'Autoradiography', 'Axotomy', 'Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor', 'Female', 'In Situ Hybridization', 'Integrin alpha Chains', 'Integrin alpha3', 'Integrin alphaV', 'Integrin beta1', 'Nerve Regeneration', 'Neurotrophin 3', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Red Nucleus', 'Spinal Cord Injuries', 'Up-Regulation']
| 15,858,411
|
[['B01.050'], ['D23.050.301.264.035', 'D23.101.100.110'], ['E01.370.225.750.132', 'E05.200.750.132', 'E05.799.256'], ['E04.525.210.158'], ['D12.644.276.860.100', 'D12.776.467.860.100', 'D12.776.631.600.100', 'D23.529.850.100'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.670.325', 'E01.370.225.750.600.670.325', 'E05.200.500.620.670.325', 'E05.200.750.600.670.325', 'E05.393.661.475'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.408.100'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.408.100.400'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.408.100.900'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.408.200.500'], ['G11.561.585', 'G16.762.611'], ['D12.644.276.860.775', 'D12.776.467.860.775', 'D12.776.631.600.775', 'D23.529.850.775'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['A08.186.211.132.659.413.875.642'], ['C10.228.854.763', 'C10.900.850', 'C26.819'], ['G02.111.905', 'G05.308.850', 'G07.690.773.998']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Inhibition and stimulation of intestinal and hepatic CYP3A activity: studies in humanized CYP3A4 transgenic mice using triazolam.
|
CYP3A4 is an important determinant of drug-drug interactions. In this study, we evaluated whether cytochrome P450 3A knockout mice [Cyp3a(-/-)] and CYP3A4 transgenic (CYP3A4-Tg) mice can be used to study drug-drug interactions in the liver and intestine. Triazolam was used as a probe drug because it is a highly specific CYP3A substrate and not a P-glycoprotein substrate. Triazolam metabolism was profoundly reduced in Cyp3a(-/-) mice both in vitro and in vivo. In vitro studies revealed clear species differences in humans and mice, but triazolam metabolism in microsomes derived from CYP3A4-Tg "humanized" mice closely resembled that in human microsomes. It is interesting to note that studies with tissue-specific CYP3A4-Tg mice revealed that intestinal CYP3A4 has a major impact on oral triazolam exposure, whereas the effect of hepatic CYP3A4 was limited. To mimic a drug-drug interaction, we coadministered triazolam with the prototypical CYP3A inhibitor ketoconazole, which increased triazolam exposure in all the CYP3A-proficient mouse strains but not in Cyp3a(-/-) mice. We further found that the anticancer drug gefitinib is a potent stimulator of 1'-OH triazolam formation in vitro. It is noteworthy that we could also show in vivo stimulation of triazolam metabolism by gefitinib, resulting in a lower oral triazolam exposure. To our knowledge, this is the first in vivo example of direct stimulation of CYP3A4 activity after oral drug administration. Overall, this study illustrates how Cyp3a(-/-) and CYP3A4-Tg mice can be used to study drug-drug interactions. The data clarify that for drugs that are not P-glycoprotein substrates, intestinal metabolism also can be more important than hepatic metabolism after oral administration.
|
['Administration, Oral', 'Animals', 'Antineoplastic Agents', 'Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A', 'Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A Inhibitors', 'Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors', 'Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System', 'Drug Interactions', 'Enzyme Activators', 'Enzyme Inhibitors', 'Gefitinib', 'Humans', 'Hydroxylation', 'Intestines', 'Ketoconazole', 'Liver', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Knockout', 'Mice, Transgenic', 'Microsomes', 'Quinazolines', 'Species Specificity', 'Substrate Specificity', 'Triazolam']
| 19,752,211
|
[['E02.319.267.100'], ['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.248'], ['D08.244.453.860.500', 'D08.811.682.662.582.353', 'D08.811.682.690.708.170.495.500', 'D12.776.422.220.453.860.500'], ['D27.505.389.500.503', 'D27.505.519.389.335.503'], ['D27.505.389.500', 'D27.505.519.389.335'], ['D08.244.453', 'D08.811.682.690.708.170', 'D12.776.422.220.453'], ['G07.690.773.968'], ['D27.505.519.374'], ['D27.505.519.389'], ['D03.633.100.786.469'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G02.111.385', 'G02.607.348', 'G03.425'], ['A03.556.124'], ['D03.383.606.560'], ['A03.620'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.136.500.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.455', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800.500'], ['B01.050.050.136.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800'], ['A11.284.835.540'], ['D03.633.100.786'], ['G16.824'], ['G02.111.835'], ['D03.633.100.079.080.900']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Role of mitomycin in upper digestive tract stricture.
|
BACKGROUND: Mitomycin C is an anti-fibroblast chemotherapeutic agent that has demonstrated promise in the treatment of head and neck cancer-related cervical stenosis. The present study investigates whether the application of mitomycin C at the time of dilation is both safe and effective in the treatment of head and neck cancer-related upper digestive tract stricture.METHODS: Twelve patients with progressive dysphagia and video-fluoroscopic evidence of upper digestive tract stricture after head and neck cancer treatment were dilated by Maloney or Savory dilators followed by the application of mitomycin C (0.2 mg/0.4 mL saline) to the stenotic segment for 5 minutes. Outcome measures included complication rate, improvement in baseline dietary consistency, and improvement in swallowing-related quality of life as measured by the M. D. Anderson Dysphagia Inventory.RESULTS: All patients experienced improvement in their baseline dietary consistency (p = .002) and M. D. Anderson Dysphagia Inventory composite score (p = .001) after a mean follow-up time of 19 months. No complications from mitomycin use were observed.CONCLUSION: Mitomycin application appears to be a safe and potentially effective treatment for head and neck cancer-related upper digestive tract stricture. Given the small sample size and limited follow-up time, a randomized, controlled trial is needed to determine whether mitomycin application offers additional benefit over standard dilation therapy.
|
['Adenocarcinoma', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Antibiotics, Antineoplastic', 'Carcinoma, Squamous Cell', 'Deglutition Disorders', 'Dilatation', 'Esophageal Stenosis', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Head and Neck Neoplasms', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Mitomycin', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 17,022,087
|
[['C04.557.470.200.025'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['D27.505.954.248.106'], ['C04.557.470.200.400', 'C04.557.470.700.400'], ['C06.405.117.119', 'C09.775.174'], ['E05.284'], ['C06.405.117.544'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['C04.588.443'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D02.806.400.249.350', 'D03.383.097.500.350', 'D03.633.100.473.412.249.350'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Comparison of C-reactive protein and albumin excretion as prognostic markers for 10-year mortality after myocardial infarction.
|
BACKGROUND: C-reactive protein (CRP) is an established prognostic marker in the setting of acute coronary syndromes. Recently, albumin excretion rate also has been found to be associated with adverse outcomes in this clinical setting. Our aim was to compare the prognostic power of CRP and albumin excretion rate for long-term mortality following acute myocardial infarction (AMI).HYPOTHESIS: To determine whether albumin excretion rate is a better predictor of long-term outcome than CRP in post-AMI patients.METHODS: We prospectively studied 220 unselected patients with definite AMI (median [interquartile] age 67 [60-74] y, female 26%, heart failure 39%). CRP and albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) were measured on day 1, day 3, and day 7 after admission in 24-hour urine samples. Follow-up duration was 10 years for all patients.RESULTS: At survival analysis, both CRP and ACR were associated with increased risk of 10-year all-cause mortality, also after adjusting for age, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, prehospital time delay, creatine kinase-MB isoenzyme peak, heart failure, and creatinine clearance. CRP and ACR were associated with nonsudden cardiovascular (non-SCV) mortality but not with sudden death (SD) or noncardiovascular (non-CV) death. CRP was not associated with long-term mortality, while ACR was independently associated with outcome both in short- and long-term analyses. At C-statistic analysis, CRP did not improve the baseline prediction model for all-cause mortality, while it did for short-term non-SCV mortality. ACR improved all-cause and non-SCV mortality prediction, both in the short and long term.CONCLUSIONS: ACR was a better predictor of long-term mortality after AMI than CRP.
|
['Aged', 'Albuminuria', 'Biomarkers', 'C-Reactive Protein', 'Cause of Death', 'Chi-Square Distribution', 'Creatinine', 'Discriminant Analysis', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Italy', 'Kaplan-Meier Estimate', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Myocardial Infarction', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Prognosis', 'Proportional Hazards Models', 'Prospective Studies', 'Risk Assessment', 'Risk Factors', 'Survival Rate', 'Time Factors']
| 20,734,449
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['C12.777.934.734.269', 'C13.351.968.934.734.269', 'C23.888.942.750.269'], ['D23.101'], ['D12.776.034.145', 'D12.776.124.050.120', 'D12.776.124.486.157'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.250', 'N01.224.935.698.100', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.250', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.250'], ['E05.318.740.994.300', 'G17.820.300', 'N05.715.360.750.750.200', 'N06.850.520.830.994.300'], ['D03.383.129.308.207'], ['E05.318.740.350', 'N05.715.360.750.325', 'N06.850.520.830.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.542.489'], ['E05.318.740.998.650', 'N05.715.360.750.795.650', 'N06.850.520.830.998.650'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C14.280.647.500', 'C14.907.585.500', 'C23.550.513.355.750', 'C23.550.717.489.750'], ['E05.318.370.800.650', 'N05.715.360.325.700.640', 'N06.850.520.445.800.650'], ['E01.789'], ['E05.318.740.500.700', 'E05.318.740.600.700', 'E05.318.740.750.725', 'E05.318.740.998.825', 'E05.599.835.900', 'N05.715.360.750.530.650', 'N05.715.360.750.625.650', 'N05.715.360.750.695.650', 'N05.715.360.750.795.825', 'N06.850.520.830.500.700', 'N06.850.520.830.600.700', 'N06.850.520.830.750.725', 'N06.850.520.830.998.912'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.715', 'N04.452.871.715', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.690', 'N06.850.505.715', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.715'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.900', 'N01.224.935.698.826', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.900', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.900'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Neuromodulation of the locomotor network by dopamine in the isolated spinal cord of newborn rat.
|
We have analysed the action of the neuromodulatory catecholamine, dopamine (DA), on the lumbar locomotor network using an isolated in vitro newborn rat spinal cord preparation. We have also attempted to determine the respective contribution of the D1- and D2-like receptors on the dopamine-mediated effects. Bath application of DA-induced slow locomotor-like rhythmic activity (cycle-period 20-30 s) in ventral motor roots. Bursts were alternating between segmental right and left side and between ipsilateral flexor and extensor units. This rhythm was blocked by D1 (SCH-23390) and D2 (raclopride, sulpiride) receptor antagonists, but was unaffected by the dopamine-beta-hydroxylase blocker, fusaric acid, thereby ruling out indirect noradrenaline-mediated effects. The D1 agonist, SKF-81297 induced prolonged slow rhythmic bursting, while the selective D2 agonists, quinpirole and quinelorane, had no effect. DA and the D1 agonist, SKF-81297 also increased the period and burst amplitude of N-methyl-d-l-aspartate-induced locomotor activity. The effects of dopamine and SKF-81297 on the N-methyl-d-l-aspartate-induced rhythm were long-lasting; persisting for 1 hour after washout. The DA action was blocked by MDL-12 330 A, an inhibitor of adenylate cyclase, suggesting the involvement of cAMP. Together these results indicate that dopamine can exert neuromodulatory actions on mammalian motor networks via short-lasting permissive influences and a newly reported, long-lasting modulation of motor network activity.
|
['Animals', 'Animals, Newborn', 'Benzazepines', 'Dopamine', 'Female', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Male', 'Motor Activity', 'Nerve Net', 'Neurotransmitter Agents', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Receptors, Dopamine', 'Spinal Cord']
| 15,016,090
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.050.282'], ['D03.633.100.079'], ['D02.092.211.215.406', 'D02.092.311.342', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.175.342'], ['E05.481'], ['F01.145.632', 'G11.427.410.698'], ['A08.511'], ['D27.505.519.625', 'D27.505.696.577'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900'], ['D12.776.543.750.670.300.400', 'D12.776.543.750.695.150.400', 'D12.776.543.750.720.330.400'], ['A08.186.854']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Evaluation of indirect and avidin-biotin enzyme linked immunosorbent assays for detection of anti-listeriolysin O antibodies in bovine milk samples.
|
Listeria monocytogenes is a foodborne pathogen that causes a wide spectrum of diseases in humans and animals. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) [indirect and avidin-biotin (A-B)] for detecting L. monocytogenes antibodies in bovine milk samples (n = 2060) were standardized and evaluated by comparison with bacteriological examination. The tests were standardized by checker board titration. Highly purified listeriolysin O (LLO) was used as an antigen. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed to decide the cut-off values. The ROC analysis revealed the sensitivities of indirect and A-B ELISA as 100% and specificities as 97.1 and 99.9% respectively. Listeria monocytogenes was isolated from 105 (5.1%) milk samples collected from 52 farms. Anti-LLO IgG antibodies were detected from 137 and 112 milk samples when tested by indirect and A-B ELISA respectively. Of the 52 farms screened, 28 (53.8%) yielded one or more isolates of L. monocytogenes and 33 (63.5%) of the farms had one or more animals simultaneously positive by one or both the assays for anti-LLO antibodies.
|
['Animals', 'Antibodies, Bacterial', 'Avidin', 'Biotin', 'Cattle', 'Dairying', 'Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay', 'Female', 'Food Microbiology', 'Humans', 'India', 'Listeria monocytogenes', 'Milk', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'ROC Curve', 'Sensitivity and Specificity']
| 17,894,640
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.107', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.125', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.125'], ['D12.776.034.614.300', 'D12.776.256.159.157.663.300', 'D12.776.290.663.100', 'D12.776.395.175'], ['D03.383.129.308.080', 'D08.211.096'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['J01.040.246'], ['E05.478.566.350.170', 'E05.478.566.380.360', 'E05.478.583.400.170', 'E05.601.470.350.170', 'E05.601.470.380.360'], ['H01.158.273.540.274.332', 'J01.576.423.850.730.500.249.300', 'N06.850.425.200', 'N06.850.460.400.300', 'N06.850.601.500.249.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.252.245.393'], ['B03.353.500.500.500', 'B03.510.100.500.500', 'B03.510.460.400.410.485.500'], ['A12.200.455', 'A12.790', 'G07.203.100.700', 'G07.203.300.350.525', 'J02.200.700', 'J02.500.350.525'], ['E05.318.370.800.650', 'N05.715.360.325.700.640', 'N06.850.520.445.800.650'], ['E05.318.370.800.750', 'E05.318.740.872.750', 'N05.715.360.325.700.680', 'N06.850.520.445.800.750'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Can adenocarcinoma in situ of the uterine cervix be treated safely by conisation in combination with endocervical curettage?
|
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prognostic value of endocervical curettage (ECC) after conisation in patients treated for adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS) of the uterine cervix.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients with AIS diagnosed between 1990 and 2010 and with a minimum of 1.5 years of follow-up were retrospectively identified using computerised clinical files.RESULTS: The authors identified 195 patients (median age 32 years) with a median follow-up of 6.4 years. ECC was performed in 165 patients. In 144 (87%) the initial ECC was normal. In 129 no recurrence was observed during follow-up (90%). A positive ECC was observed in 21. Thirteen patients had hysterectomies; six hysterectomies were normal. Eight patients treated conservatively developed no recurrent disease. Two patients with a positive ECC did not have a hysterectomy and developed recurrent disease. In patients with affected margins, 17% developed recurrent disease.CONCLUSION: ECC performed during initial conisation is a prognostic tool for the treatment ofAIS. Close follow-up is recommended in patients treated conservatively.
|
['Adenocarcinoma in Situ', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Conization', 'Curettage', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hysterectomy', 'Middle Aged', 'Uterine Cervical Neoplasms']
| 25,556,275
|
[['C04.557.470.200.025.014', 'C04.557.470.200.240.124', 'C23.149.249'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E01.370.225.500.384.100.160', 'E01.370.225.998.054.160', 'E01.370.388.100.160', 'E04.074.160', 'E05.200.500.384.100.160', 'E05.200.998.054.160', 'E05.242.384.100.160'], ['E04.157'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E04.950.300.399'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04.588.945.418.948.850', 'C13.351.500.852.593.131', 'C13.351.500.852.762.850', 'C13.351.937.418.875.850']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Caring for a demented elderly person--burden and burnout among caregiving relatives.
|
Fifty-two family caregivers for demented elderly people were investigated for burden and burnout experiences. A structured burden questionnaire and the Burnout Measure were used. Burnout is described in relation to the caregiver's gender, age, family relationship and the demented person's living place. Older wives and daughters were the most likely to report burnout in their lives. Some siblings and daughters-in-law also risked developing burnout. Regression analysis showed that limitation in social life, poor health and a lack of positive outlook on caring were the most important independent variables explaining variance in burnout among caregivers. There was no difference in burnout experiences between caregivers having their demented elderly person living at home and those having them in an institution.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Caregivers', 'Dementia', 'Female', 'Health Status', 'Home Nursing', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Risk Factors', 'Stress, Psychological', 'Sweden']
| 9,004,018
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.085', 'M01.526.485.200', 'N02.360.200'], ['C10.228.140.380', 'F03.615.400'], ['I01.240.425', 'N01.224.425', 'N06.850.505.400.425'], ['E02.760.611.470', 'N02.421.143.524.470', 'N02.421.533.320'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['F01.145.126.990', 'F02.830.900'], ['Z01.542.816.500']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Age, puberty, body dissatisfaction, and physical activity decline in adolescents. Results of the German Health Interview and Examination Survey (KiGGS).
|
BACKGROUND: Physical activity (PA) shows a marked decline during adolescence. Some studies have pointed to pubertal status or timing as possible PA determinants in this age group. Furthermore, it was supposed that the impact of pubertal changes on PA might be mediated by psychological variables like body dissatisfaction (BDS).METHODS: The 11- to 17-year-old subsample of the German Health Interview and Examination Survey (KiGGS) was used (n = 6 813; 51.3% male, response rate = 66.6%). Through sex-specific sequential multinomial logistic regressions we analysed the univariate and independent associations of chronological age, absolute pubertal status, relative pubertal timing, and BDS with the frequency of PA.RESULTS: Chronological age showed a significantly negative association with PA in both sexes, independent of puberty. The odds of inactivity in contrast to nearly daily PA increased about 70% in boys and 35% in girls for each year of age, respectively. Adjusted for age and other possible confounders, inactivity was significantly less likely for boys in late pubertal stages (OR = 0.27, 95% CI = 0.09-0.78). The risk of inactivity was more than doubled in boys maturing earlier than peers in terms of relative pubertal timing (OR = 2.20, 95% CI = 1.36-3.56). No clear significant puberty effects were found in girls, but the inactivity was more likely for those with irregular menstruation (OR = 1.71, 95% CI = 1.06-2.75). BDS also contributed to the prediction of PA in both sexes. It partially mediated puberty effects in boys but not in girls.CONCLUSIONS: Overall, chronological age was a far more important predictor of PA in German adolescents than absolute pubertal status or relative pubertal timing. Further possible explanatory variables like sociocultural influences, social support or increasing time requirements for education should be analysed in conjunction with chronological age in future studies.
|
['Adolescent', 'Age Factors', 'Body Image', 'Child', 'Exercise', 'Female', 'Germany', 'Health Surveys', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Puberty', 'Social Class']
| 22,032,266
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['F01.752.747.792.110', 'F02.463.593.112'], ['M01.060.406'], ['G11.427.410.698.277', 'I03.350'], ['Z01.542.315'], ['E05.318.308.980.438', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G08.686.760', 'G08.686.841.374'], ['I01.880.853.996.755', 'N01.824.782']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Effects of endolymphatic and perilymphatic application of salicylate in the pigeon. II: Fine structure of auditory hair cells.
|
Large doses of salicylate are known to cause reversible ototoxic effects including fine structural alterations of the auditory hair cells in mammals. To investigate possible fine structural correlates of salicylate effects on pigeon auditory hair cells, the basilar papillae following perilymphatic or endolymphatic application of salicylate were fixed and processed for transmission electron microscopy. The pigeon auditory hair cells possessed organelles typically described in avians. A single or multi-layered array of cisternae along the cytoplasmic side of the lateral plasma membrane, i.e. subsurface cisternae that are characteristic for mammalian outer hair cells, was not seen. The most prominent fine structural alterations of hair cells after salicylate application were an increase in the luminal width of smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum as well as the frequent occurrence of prominent single-membrane-bound vesicles filled with electron-dense bodies. Based on the assumption that subsurface cisternae represent a specialized form of endoplasmic reticulum, the present findings indicate that the structural correlates of salicylate toxicity are similar in mammalian and avian auditory hair cells.
|
['Animals', 'Columbidae', 'Endolymph', 'Endoplasmic Reticulum', 'Female', 'Hair Cells, Auditory', 'Hair Cells, Auditory, Outer', 'Male', 'Microscopy, Electron', 'Organelles', 'Perilymph', 'Salicylates', 'Salicylic Acid']
| 8,040,102
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.248.165.150'], ['A12.207.270.517.324'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.248'], ['A08.675.650.250', 'A08.675.650.915.750.600.350', 'A08.800.950.750.600.350', 'A09.246.300.246.577.325', 'A11.671.650.250', 'A11.671.650.915.750.600.350'], ['A08.675.650.250.315', 'A08.675.650.915.750.600.350.365', 'A08.800.950.750.600.350.365', 'A09.246.300.246.577.325.380', 'A11.671.650.250.315', 'A11.671.650.915.750.600.350.365'], ['E01.370.350.515.402', 'E05.595.402'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875'], ['A12.207.270.517.678'], ['D02.241.223.100.300.595', 'D02.241.511.390.595', 'D02.455.426.559.389.127.281.595', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.410.595'], ['D02.241.223.100.300.595.608', 'D02.241.511.390.595.608', 'D02.455.426.559.389.127.281.595.608', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.410.595.608']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Dietary excess vanadium induces lesions and changes of cell cycle of spleen in broilers.
|
The purpose of this 42-day study was to investigate the effects of dietary excess vanadium on spleen growth and lesions by determining morphological changes and cell cycle of spleen. Four hundred twenty 1-day-old avian broilers were divided into six groups and fed on a corn-soybean basal diet as control diet or the same diet amended to contain 5, 15, 30, 45, 60 ppm of vanadium supplied as ammonium metavanadate. When compared with that of control group, the relative weight of spleen was significantly raised in 5- and 15-ppm groups, but depressed in 45- and 60-ppm groups. The gross lesions of spleen showed obvious atrophy with decreased volume and pale color in 45- and 60-ppm groups. Histopathologically, lymphocytes in splenic corpuscle and periarterial lymphatic sheath were variously decreased in number in 30-, 45-, and 60-ppm groups. The percentage of static phase (G0/G1) was significantly decreased, and the percentage of synthesis period (S) phase and the proliferating index (PI) were significantly increased in 5- and 15-ppm groups. The percentage of G0/G1 phase was significantly increased, and the percentage of mitotic phase (G2+M), S phase, and PI significantly decreased in 45- and 60-ppm groups. These results suggested that dietary excess vanadium (45 and 60 ppm) could inhibit growth of spleen and induce lesions in spleen in chicken.
|
['Animals', 'Cell Cycle', 'Chickens', 'Dietary Supplements', 'Flow Cytometry', 'Spleen', 'Vanadium']
| 21,191,820
|
[['B01.050'], ['G04.144'], ['B01.050.150.900.248.350.150', 'B01.050.150.900.248.690.192'], ['G07.203.300.456', 'J02.500.456'], ['E01.370.225.500.363.342', 'E01.370.225.500.386.350', 'E05.196.712.516.600.240.350', 'E05.200.500.363.342', 'E05.200.500.386.350', 'E05.242.363.342', 'E05.242.386.350'], ['A10.549.700', 'A15.382.520.604.700'], ['D01.268.556.920', 'D01.268.956.886', 'D01.552.544.920']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
ReaxFF reactive force field for the Y-doped BaZrO3 proton conductor with applications to diffusion rates for multigranular systems.
|
Proton-conducting perovskites such as Y-doped BaZrO 3 (BYZ) are promising candidates as electrolytes for a proton ceramic fuel cell (PCFC) that might permit much lower temperatures (from 400 to 600 degrees C). However, these materials lead to relatively poor total conductivity ( approximately 10 (-4) S/cm) because of extremely high grain boundary resistance. In order to provide the basis for improving these materials, we developed the ReaxFF reactive force field to enable molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of proton diffusion in the bulk phase and across grain boundaries of BYZ. This allows us to elucidate the atomistic structural details underlying the origin of this poor grain boundary conductivity and how it is related to the orientation of the grains. The parameters in ReaxFF were based entirely on the results of quantum mechanics (QM) calculations for systems related to BYZ. We apply here the ReaxFF to describe the proton diffusion in crystalline BYZ and across grain boundaries in BYZ. The results are in excellent agreement with experiment, validating the use of ReaxFF for studying the transport properties of these membranes. Having atomistic structures for the grain boundaries from simulations that explain the overall effect of the grain boundaries on diffusion opens the door to in silico optimization of these materials. That is, we can now use theory and simulation to examine the effect of alloying on both the interfacial structures and on the overall diffusion. As an example, these calculations suggest that the reduced diffusion of protons across the grain boundary results from the increased average distances between oxygen atoms in the interface, which necessarily leads to larger barriers for proton hopping. Assuming that this is the critical issue in grain boundary diffusion, the performance of BYZ for multigranular systems might be improved using additives that would tend to precipitate to the grain boundary and which would tend to pull the oxygens atoms together. Possibilities might be to use a small amount of larger trivalent ions, such as La or Lu or of tetravalent ions such as Hf or Th. Since ReaxFF can also be used to describe the chemical processes on the anode and cathode and the migration of ions across the electrode-membrane interface, ReaxFF opens the door to the possibility of atomistic first principles predictions on models of a complete fuel cell.
|
['Barium', 'Diffusion', 'Electric Power Supplies', 'Models, Chemical', 'Oxygen', 'Protons', 'Quantum Theory', 'Temperature', 'Yttrium', 'Zirconium']
| 18,925,731
|
[['D01.268.552.050', 'D01.268.556.062', 'D01.552.539.124', 'D01.552.544.062'], ['G01.202', 'G02.196'], ['E07.305.124'], ['E05.599.495'], ['D01.268.185.550', 'D01.362.670'], ['D01.248.497.300.459.700', 'D01.268.406.750', 'D01.362.340.750', 'G01.249.660.500'], ['H01.671.579.800'], ['G01.906.595', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710', 'G16.500.750.775.710', 'N06.230.150.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710'], ['D01.268.558.975', 'D01.268.956.890', 'D01.552.550.975'], ['D01.268.556.950', 'D01.268.956.937', 'D01.552.544.950']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
[TULIP: transurethral ultrasound-guided laser-induced prostatectomy. Clinical results after on year].
|
The TULIP (Transurethral Ultrasound-guided Laser-Induced Prostatectomy) system combines a real-time ultrasound transducer and a Nd:YAG laser delivery system with a 1.064 micron wavelength within a 22 F urethral probe. The goal is to produce a coagulation necrosis of the prostatic parenchyma, with a subsequent elimination of tissue in the urine. 29 patients have been included in this study, and 13 have a minimal one year follow-up. No complication occurred. 2 patients underwent a transurethral resection of the prostate secondary to the TULIP treatment. All patients complained of irritative urinary symptoms (frequency, burning on urination...) in the days or weeks following the treatment, and suprapubic catheterization tube had to be left in place for a mean duration of 13.8 days. Inclusion/exclusion criteria and evaluation modalities have been the same as in the American national study published elsewhere. At one year, our success rate for at least one criteria has been 84.6%, but only 2 (15%) out of 13 patients have been successful both in symptom score and flow rate.
|
['Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Laser Therapy', 'Male', 'Organ Size', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Prostatectomy', 'Prostatic Hyperplasia', 'Ultrasonography', 'Urodynamics']
| 7,691,968
|
[['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.594', 'E04.014.520'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.660', 'E05.041.124.715', 'G07.100.100.660', 'G07.345.249.690'], ['C23.550.767'], ['E04.950.774.860.625'], ['C12.294.565.500'], ['E01.370.350.850'], ['G08.852.898']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Potentiation of pulmonary arteriolar vasoconstriction to endothelin-1 by inhibition of nitric oxide synthesis in the intact lung.
|
OBJECTIVE: To observe pulmonary arteriolar effects of endothelin-1 (ET-1) in the intact lung and determine if constriction to ET-1 is potentiated by inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) synthesis.METHODS: In anesthetized male Sprague-Dawley rats with open chest, the lungs were ventilated with air through the lower trachea and in vivo responses of pulmonary arterioles were examined by video microscopy. Observations were made when the lungs were statically inflated with oxygen to a pressure of approximately 10 cm H2O for brief periods. A lens with a dipping cone was held at the pleural surface. ET-1 (10(-7)-10(-5)M; approximately 0.1 ml) was applied topically to the fluid layer under the dipping cone.RESULTS: ET-1 (10(-6)M) constricted parent arterioles 60 +/- 5 microns in diameter by 52 +/- 12% (range: 20-100%) and branches 45 +/- 3 microns in diameter by 36 +/- 4% (19-48%). Constriction persisted and there was a dramatic long-lasting decrease in flow. Alveolar walls quickly became pale, indicating reduced capillary perfusion. A lower concentration of ET-1 (10(-7)M) constricted (p > 0.05) parent arterioles 61 +/- 4 microns in diameter by 7 +/- 3% initially, and by 13 +/- 8% after 14 +/- 2 minutes, while smaller branches did not respond. In separate experiments, infusion of the NO synthase inhibitor L-NAME (1 mg/kg per minute), modestly (10 +/- 3%) decreased (p < 0.05) baseline parent arteriolar diameter from 72 +/- 7 microns to 64 +/- 5 microns. Branch diameter changed insignificantly from 42 +/- 7 microns to 38 +/- 7 microns. After L-NAME, ET-1 (10(-7)M) constricted (p < 0.05) parent arterioles by 17 +/- 4% initially and 40 +/- 14% after 14 +/- 2 minutes. Concurrently, branches constricted (p < 0.05) by 14 +/- 4% and 26 +/- 15%.CONCLUSIONS: Arterioles less than 80 microns in diameter were very responsive to ET-1, which could be a factor in altering pulmonary microvascular resistance. Inhibition of NO synthesis appears to potentiate constriction to ET-1.
|
['Animals', 'Arterioles', 'Endothelin-1', 'Enzyme Inhibitors', 'Male', 'Microcirculation', 'NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester', 'Nitric Oxide', 'Nitric Oxide Synthase', 'Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III', 'Pulmonary Alveoli', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Vasoconstriction']
| 9,866,120
|
[['B01.050'], ['A07.015.114.060', 'A07.015.461.080'], ['D12.644.276.400.225', 'D12.776.467.400.225', 'D23.529.400.225'], ['D27.505.519.389'], ['G09.330.100.645'], ['D12.125.068.050.525', 'D12.125.095.104.525'], ['D01.339.387', 'D01.625.550.500', 'D01.625.700.500', 'D01.650.550.587.600'], ['D08.811.682.664.500.772'], ['D08.811.682.664.500.772.750'], ['A04.411.715'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['G09.330.380.925']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Role of echocardiography in acute pulmonary embolism.
|
The difficulty in making an accurate diagnosis of acute pulmonary embolism is well known. To clarify the role of echocardiography, including Doppler echocardiography, in acute pulmonary embolism, we examined hemodynamic and echocardiographic parameters in 9 patients with acute pulmonary embolism just before and after treatment with urokinase. As hemodynamic parameters normalized after treatment, echocardiographic parameters such as deformity index of the left ventricle (LV-DI), end-diastolic dimension of the right ventricle (RVDd), the left ventricle (LVDd), the inferior vena cava, and RVDd/LVDd all significantly changed toward normal. Highly significant correlations were found between the echocardiographic and hemodynamic parameters, the best of which was between the LV-DI and systolic pulmonary artery pressure (r = -0.885, p less than 0.001). Doppler echocardiography quantitatively evaluated the grade of tricuspid regurgitation, and accurately estimated systolic pulmonary artery pressure. We conclude that echocardiography, including Doppler echocardiography, sensitively reflects the right ventricular pressure and volume overload of acute pulmonary embolism, is quite useful for its diagnosis which is often difficult, and is suitable for noninvasive follow up of these patients.
|
['Acute Disease', 'Blood Pressure', 'Echocardiography', 'Echocardiography, Doppler', 'Heart Ventricles', 'Hemodynamics', 'Humans', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Pulmonary Embolism', 'Pulmonary Wedge Pressure', 'Regression Analysis', 'Thrombolytic Therapy', 'Tricuspid Valve Insufficiency', 'Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator']
| 2,614,928
|
[['C23.550.291.125'], ['E01.370.600.875.249', 'G09.330.380.076'], ['E01.370.350.130.750', 'E01.370.350.850.220', 'E01.370.370.380.220'], ['E01.370.350.130.750.220', 'E01.370.350.850.220.220', 'E01.370.350.850.850.220', 'E01.370.370.380.220.220'], ['A07.541.560'], ['G09.330.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.370.800.650', 'N05.715.360.325.700.640', 'N06.850.520.445.800.650'], ['C08.381.746', 'C14.907.355.350.700'], ['G09.330.380.076.695'], ['E05.318.740.750', 'N05.715.360.750.695', 'N06.850.520.830.750'], ['E02.319.913'], ['C14.280.484.856'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.760.910', 'D08.811.277.656.959.350.910', 'D12.776.124.125.662.884']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Recombinant N-Terminal Slit2 Inhibits TGF-â-Induced Fibroblast Activation and Renal Fibrosis.
|
Fibrosis and inflammation are closely intertwined injury pathways present in nearly all forms of CKD for which few safe and effective therapies exist. Slit glycoproteins signaling through Roundabout (Robo) receptors have been described to have anti-inflammatory effects through regulation of leukocyte cytoskeletal organization. Notably, cytoskeletal reorganization is also required for fibroblast responses to TGF-â Here, we examined whether Slit2 also controls TGF-â-induced renal fibrosis. In cultured renal fibroblasts, which we found to express Slit2 and Robo-1, the bioactive N-terminal fragment of Slit2 inhibited TGF-â-induced collagen synthesis, actin cytoskeletal reorganization, and Smad2/3 transcriptional activity, but the inactive C-terminal fragment of Slit2 did not. In mouse models of postischemic renal fibrosis and obstructive uropathy, treatment with N-terminal Slit2 before or after injury inhibited the development of renal fibrosis and preserved renal function, whereas the C-terminal Slit2 had no effect. Our data suggest that administration of recombinant Slit2 may be a new treatment strategy to arrest chronic injury progression after ischemic and obstructive renal insults by not only attenuating inflammation but also, directly inhibiting renal fibrosis.
|
['Animals', 'Fibroblasts', 'Fibrosis', 'Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins', 'Kidney', 'Kidney Diseases', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Nerve Tissue Proteins', 'Recombinant Proteins', 'Transforming Growth Factor beta']
| 26,869,008
|
[['B01.050'], ['A11.329.228'], ['C23.550.355'], ['D12.644.276', 'D12.776.467', 'D23.529'], ['A05.810.453'], ['C12.777.419', 'C13.351.968.419'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['D12.776.631'], ['D12.776.828'], ['D12.644.276.374.687', 'D12.644.276.954.775', 'D12.776.467.374.687', 'D12.776.467.942.775', 'D23.529.374.687', 'D23.529.942.775']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Uterine epithelial cells in primary culture: a model system to study cell proliferation.
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Guinea-pig uterine glandular epithelial cells were grown in primary culture. During the 4-day initial culture period, a 6.7 fold increase in DNA synthesis and a doubling time of approximately 30 hours were observed. Then the cells were submitted to serum depletion (60 hours) and the quiescent cells were stimulated with 15% fetal calf serum (FCS). The control cells were submitted to 1% heated and dextran-coated charcoal stripped FCS. In stimulated cells, the DNA synthesis increased and peaked between the 12th and 24th hour. In these cells, c-fos mRNAs increased rapidly, within 30 min., peaked at 75 min. (ratio to the control = 2.5), and returned to basal level within 90 min. These results prove that uterine epithelial cells in primary culture are able to respond to unspecific mitogen by both rapid expression of c-fos gene and DNA synthesis, suggesting that this cell culture system will be useful in studying the growth regulation in endometrium.
|
['Animals', 'Cell Division', 'Cells, Cultured', 'DNA', 'Epithelial Cells', 'Epithelium', 'Female', 'Gene Expression', 'Models, Biological', 'Proto-Oncogenes', 'Uterus']
| 2,279,266
|
[['B01.050'], ['G04.144.220', 'G04.161.750.500', 'G05.113', 'G07.345.249.410.750.500'], ['A11.251'], ['D13.444.308'], ['A11.436'], ['A10.272'], ['G05.297'], ['E05.599.395'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.375.500.791'], ['A05.360.319.679']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Association between total-Tau and brain atrophy one year after first-ever stroke.
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BACKGROUND: Although the most serious consequence of neuronal ischemia is acute neuronal death, mounting evidence suggests similarities between stroke and neurodegenerative disease. Brain atrophy visualized on structural MRI and pathological cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations of microtubule-associated protein tau (T-tau) and phosphorylated microtubule-associated protein tau indicate neurofibrillary degeneration. We aimed to explore the association between CSF T-tau and brain atrophy 1 year post-stroke.METHODS: We included 210 patients with first-ever ischemic stroke or transitory ischemic attack without pre-existing cognitive impairment. After 12 months, subjects underwent MRI, and CSF biomarkers were assessed. Using SIENAX (part of FSL), ventricular CSF volume and total brain volume were estimated and normalized for subject head size. The association between T-tau as explanatory variable and ventricular and total brain volume as outcome variables were studied using linear regression.RESULTS: One hundred eighty-two patients completed the follow-up. Forty-four had a lumbar puncture. Of these, 31 had their MRI with identical scan parameters. Mean age was 70.2 years (SD 11.7). Ventricular volume on MRI was significantly associated with age, but not with gender. In the multiple regression model, there was a significant association between T-tau and both ventricular (beta 0.44, 95% CI 376.3, 394.9, p = 0.021) and global brain volume (beta -0.50, 95% CI -565.9, -78.3, p = 0.011). There was no significant association between CSF T-tau 1 year post-stroke and baseline volumes.CONCLUSION: T-tau measured 1 year post-stroke is associated with measures of brain atrophy. The findings indicate that acute stroke may enhance or trigger tau-linked neurodegeneration with loss of neurons.TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinicaltrials.gov NCT00506818 , July 23, 2007. Inclusion from February 2007, randomization and intervention from May 2007 and trial registration in July 2007.
|
['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Atrophy', 'Biomarkers', 'Brain', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Multivariate Analysis', 'Neurodegenerative Diseases', 'Neurofibrillary Tangles', 'Stroke', 'tau Proteins']
| 28,583,116
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['C23.300.070'], ['D23.101'], ['A08.186.211'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.740.150.500', 'N05.715.360.750.125.500', 'N06.850.520.830.150.500'], ['C10.574'], ['A08.675.609.520', 'A11.284.430.214.190.750.640.520', 'A11.671.573.520'], ['C10.228.140.300.775', 'C14.907.253.855'], ['D12.776.220.600.450.510', 'D12.776.631.560.510']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Influence of depressive symptoms, state anxiety, and pure-tone thresholds on the tinnitus handicap inventory in Japan.
|
OBJECTIVE: To assess factors that contribute to Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI) scores in Japan.DESIGN: Case series with chart review.STUDY SAMPLE: Two hundred and eighty-five tinnitus patients at tertiary referral center, who completed the Japanese version of the THI, the Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS), and the State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI).RESULTS: In multiple regression analysis, the SDS score contributed the most to the THI score. The state section of the STAI score and pure tone average (PTA) at four high frequencies also contributed significantly, but to lesser degrees. The other following factors were not statistically significant: age, gender, time from the onset of tinnitus to the first clinical visit, PTA at three mid frequencies, and trait section of the STAI score. This model may account for approximately 45% of THI score variability.CONCLUSIONS: The THI scores may be influenced by depressive symptoms, state anxiety, and pure tone thresholds in Japan.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Anxiety', 'Asian Continental Ancestry Group', 'Audiometry, Pure-Tone', 'Auditory Threshold', 'Depression', 'Disability Evaluation', 'Female', 'Hearing Loss', 'Humans', 'Japan', 'Linear Models', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Risk Assessment', 'Risk Factors', 'Severity of Illness Index', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Tinnitus', 'Young Adult']
| 21,495,790
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['F01.470.132'], ['M01.686.508.200'], ['E01.370.382.375.060.055'], ['F02.463.593.071.173', 'F02.463.593.710.190', 'G07.888.125.173'], ['F01.145.126.350'], ['E01.370.400'], ['C09.218.458.341', 'C10.597.751.418.341', 'C23.888.592.763.393.341'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.252.474.463', 'Z01.639.595'], ['E05.318.740.500.500', 'E05.318.740.750.425', 'E05.599.835.750', 'N05.715.360.750.530.460', 'N05.715.360.750.695.460', 'N06.850.520.830.500.500', 'N06.850.520.830.750.425'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.370.800.650', 'N05.715.360.325.700.640', 'N06.850.520.445.800.650'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.715', 'N04.452.871.715', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.690', 'N06.850.505.715', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.715'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475.456.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.364.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.364.500'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['C09.218.458.670', 'C10.597.751.418.670', 'C23.888.592.763.393.670'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
The gelatinolytic activity of human skin fibroblast collagenase.
|
The gelatinolytic activity of human skin fibroblast collagenase was examined on denatured collagen types I-V. All denatured substrates were cleaved, including types IV and V, which are resistant to collagenase in native form. Interestingly, the earliest major cleavage in denatured collagen types I-III occurred at a 3/4-1/4 locus, resulting in products electrophoretically identical with TCA and TCB fragments of mammalian collagenase action on these native collagens. However, in the denatured substrates, multiple additional proteolytic cleavages followed. The propensity for cleavage at a 3/4-1/4 site in denatured collagen, where sequence is the major specifier of enzymatic action, would seem to indicate that the most favorable amino acid sequence of gamma chains for catalysis is located in this region. The peptide bond specificity of human fibroblast collagenase on gelatin was examined by amino acid sequencing of extensively cleaved denatured type I collagen. Analysis of the NH2-terminal amino acid residues from the resultant gelatin peptides showed sequences of "-H2N-Ile-Y-Gly" and "H2N-Leu-Y-Gly" only (where Y indicates that any amino acid can be found in that position), indicating that Gly-Ile and Gly-Leu bonds are the only sites of collagenase cleavage in this substrate. Whereas the gamma1 chains of denatured collagen types I-III were cleaved at similar rates, fibroblast collagenase was a much better gamma2-gelatinase than gamm1-gelatinase on denatured type 1 collagen. This preference for the cleavage of gamma2(I) was the result of both a higher kcat (750 versus 230 h-1) and lower Km (3.7 versus 7.0 microM) than for a gamma1(1), resulting in an overall selectivity (kcat/Km) of greater than 6-fold. Compared to such kinetic parameters on native collagen, these values indicate that gelatinolysis is somewhat slower than collagenolysis.
|
['Cells, Cultured', 'Collagen', 'Fibroblasts', 'Gels', 'Humans', 'Kinetics', 'Microbial Collagenase', 'Protein Denaturation', 'Skin', 'Substrate Specificity']
| 6,288,690
|
[['A11.251'], ['D05.750.078.280', 'D12.776.860.300.250'], ['A11.329.228'], ['D20.280.320', 'D26.255.165.320'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.480.205.500', 'D08.811.277.656.675.374.205.500'], ['G01.154.651.750.500', 'G02.111.688.750.500'], ['A17.815'], ['G02.111.835']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Elevated cerebrospinal fluid tau protein levels in Wernicke's encephalopathy.
|
OBJECTIVE: Limited neuronal cell loss is seen in the neuropathology of Wernicke's encephalopathy (WE), but the extent of neuronal damage has not been well studied. Moreover, there is still a debate as to whether alcohol itself causes brain damage in humans. Although, it is difficult to examine the extent of neuronal damage in living patients, recent studies have revealed that total tau protein levels in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) reflect the rate of neuronal degeneration. Therefore, we hypothesized that the elevated CSF total tau in patients with WE was due to neuronal damage and thus we examined CSF total tau protein in patients with WE, as well as in those with alcohol withdrawal delirium (WD) and Korsakoff syndrome (KS). We also examined CSF total tau in nonalcohol dependent patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) as a disease control.METHODS: CSF samples were obtained from 13 acute WE patients with alcohol dependence, 9 WD patients with alcohol dependence and 16 KS patients with alcohol dependence, and from 20 nonalcohol dependent AD patients. CSF was also obtained from 10 of the WE patients after their disease had progressed to the chronic stage. CSF tau protein levels in all samples were determined by sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Tau phosphorylated at threonine 181 (p-tau(181)) and amyloid beta-protein ending at amino acid 42 (A beta 42) in CSF were also determined for comparison between acute WE with AD.RESULTS: Total tau was significantly elevated in acute WE and decreased on long-term follow-up, but was not elevated in WD or KS. The patterns of p-tau(181) and A beta 42 differed between acute WE and AD.CONCLUSIONS: Intense neuronal cell death occurs transiently in WE, and the mechanism differs from that in AD. Neuronal damage is generally unaccompanied in WD. These results suggest that CSF total tau is a useful biological marker for WE.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Alcohol Amnestic Disorder', 'Alcohol Withdrawal Delirium', 'Alcoholism', 'Alzheimer Disease', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Wernicke Encephalopathy', 'tau Proteins']
| 18,445,112
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C10.720.112.100', 'C25.723.705.150.100', 'C25.775.100.087.193.100', 'F03.900.100.050'], ['C10.720.112.200', 'C25.723.705.150.200', 'C25.775.100.087.193.200', 'C25.775.835.250', 'F03.900.100.100', 'F03.900.825.500'], ['C25.775.100.250', 'F03.900.100.350'], ['C10.228.140.380.100', 'C10.574.945.249', 'F03.615.400.100'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C10.228.140.163.960', 'C18.452.132.960', 'C18.654.521.500.133.699.827.822', 'C25.775.100.625', 'F03.900.100.875'], ['D12.776.220.600.450.510', 'D12.776.631.560.510']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
An alternative approach for screening active bam HI variants: overexpression in T-7 RNA polymerase based system.
|
The type II restriction endonuclease, Bam HI, has been overexpressed in E. coli by cloning the Bam HI gene in frame with an E. coli Ribosome Binding Site (RBS) under the T7 promoter of an E. coli expression vector pRSET A. The expression level of Bam HI endonuclease using this construct was found to be higher than that reported of the overexpressing clone pAEK14. Our overexpressing clone, pAABRw in BL21 cells in presence of Bam HI methylase in pMAP6 following induction with IPTG yields about 9.2 x 10(6) units per gram wet cell paste. In vivo activity of the recombinant endonuclease could be confirmed by the SOS induction assay in JH139 cells even in the absence of T7 polymerase and cognate Bam HI methylase because of leaky expression in E. coli. This provides an alternate way to screen the active endonuclease and its variants.
|
['Binding Sites', 'Cell Division', 'Cells, Cultured', 'DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases', 'Deoxyribonuclease BamHI', 'Mutation', 'Plasmids', 'Recombinant Proteins', 'Viral Proteins']
| 11,886,077
|
[['G02.111.570.120'], ['G04.144.220', 'G04.161.750.500', 'G05.113', 'G07.345.249.410.750.500'], ['A11.251'], ['D08.811.913.696.445.735.270'], ['D08.811.150.280.260.240', 'D08.811.277.352.335.350.300.260.240', 'D08.811.277.352.355.325.300.260.240'], ['G05.365.590'], ['G05.360.600'], ['D12.776.828'], ['D12.776.964']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
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