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A barium marking method using an ultrathin bronchoscope with virtual bronchoscopic navigation.
|
CT scanning in a 77-year-old woman showed a ground-glass opacity pattern shadow(9 x 7 mm) in the right lower lobe. To allow identification of the location of the lesion during thoracoscopic surgery, preoperative barium marking was performed using an ultrathin bronchoscope and virtual bronchoscopic navigation. Virtual bronchoscopy was performed based on thin-section CT images, and virtual bronchoscopic images to the target sites were obtained. Subsequently, using virtual bronchoscopic images to right B8aiibetax, B6biibeta for navigation, an ultrathin bronchoscope was advanced to this site under direct observation. A special catheter for ultrathin bronchoscopy was advanced to sites near the lesion, and barium was infused. Barium was clearly observed by radiographic fluoroscopy during thoracoscopic surgery and was useful for determining the area for resection. Pathological examination of the resected specimen revealed atypical adenomatous hyperplasia. There were no complications with this method, and a number of target areas could be readily marked in a short time. This method may be useful before thoracoscopic surgery for small peripheral pulmonary lesions.
|
['Aged', 'Barium', 'Bronchoscopy', 'Female', 'Fluoroscopy', 'Humans', 'Lung Diseases', 'Thoracoscopy', 'User-Computer Interface']
| 15,497,252
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['D01.268.552.050', 'D01.268.556.062', 'D01.552.539.124', 'D01.552.544.062'], ['E01.370.386.105', 'E01.370.388.250.100', 'E04.502.250.100', 'E04.928.600.080'], ['E01.370.350.700.225'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C08.381'], ['E01.370.388.250.840', 'E04.502.250.840', 'E04.928.752'], ['L01.224.900.910']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Information Science [L]']
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Natural history of acute upper GI bleeding due to tumours: short-term success and long-term recurrence with or without endoscopic therapy.
|
BACKGROUND: Scant information is available regarding patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) from tumours.AIM: To determine the presentation, endoscopic findings, treatment and outcomes in patients with UGIB from malignant tumours and identify risk factors associated with rebleeding.METHODS: Consecutive patients who were hospitalised with haematemesis, melena or haematochezia and underwent upper endoscopy were identified retrospectively by reviewing an endoscopy database. Patients with UGIB due to biopsy-proven malignant tumours were studied.RESULTS: Tumours were the source of bleeding in 106 (5%) of 2,166 patients with UGIB. Tumours were oesophageal in 17 (16%), gastric in 77 (73%) and duodenal in 12 (11%). At presentation, 84 (79%) did not have known cancer previously, and 79 (75%) had metastatic disease. Seventy-seven (73%) received transfusions at index hospitalisation. At endoscopy, 32 (30%) had active bleeding (31 oozing, 1 spurting). Among actively bleeding patients, haemostasis was achieved in 12 (86%) of 14 receiving endoscopic therapy and all 18 not receiving endoscopic treatment. Hospitalisation for rebleeding occurred in 50 (49%) of 103 at a median of 30 days (3-885). On multivariate analysis, age ?60 years (OR = 2.49, 95% CI 1.06-5.81) and haemodynamic instability (OR = 2.42, 95% CI 1.08-5.46) were associated with rebleeding.CONCLUSIONS: Patients presenting with tumour-associated UGIB have substantial blood loss, with three-quarters requiring transfusion at presentation. Initial haemostasis occurs in almost all patients, with or without endoscopic therapy, but rebleeding requiring repeat hospitalisation occurs in approximately half the patients and is more common in patients who are ?60 years of age and have haemodynamic instability at presentation.
|
['Aged', 'Blood Transfusion', 'Duodenal Neoplasms', 'Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal', 'Esophageal Neoplasms', 'Female', 'Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage', 'Hospitalization', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Multivariate Analysis', 'Recurrence', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Risk Factors', 'Stomach Neoplasms', 'Time Factors']
| 23,710,797
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['E02.095.135'], ['C04.588.274.476.411.445', 'C06.301.371.411.445', 'C06.405.249.411.445', 'C06.405.469.275.270', 'C06.405.469.491.445'], ['E01.370.372.250.250', 'E01.370.388.250.250.250', 'E04.210.240.250', 'E04.502.250.250.250'], ['C04.588.274.476.205', 'C04.588.443.353', 'C06.301.371.205', 'C06.405.117.430', 'C06.405.249.205'], ['C06.405.227', 'C23.550.414.788'], ['E02.760.400', 'N02.421.585.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.740.150.500', 'N05.715.360.750.125.500', 'N06.850.520.830.150.500'], ['C23.550.291.937'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['C04.588.274.476.767', 'C06.301.371.767', 'C06.405.249.767', 'C06.405.748.789'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
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Impaired early- but not late-phase insulin secretion in subjects with impaired fasting glucose.
|
Subjects with impaired fasting glucose (IFG) are at increased risk for type 2 diabetes. We recently demonstrated that IFG subjects have increased hepatic insulin resistance with normal insulin sensitivity in skeletal muscle. In this study, we quantitated the insulin secretion rate from deconvolution analysis of the plasma C-peptide concentration during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and compared the results in IFG subjects with those in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and normal glucose tolerance (NGT). One hundred and one NGT subjects, 64 subjects with isolated IGT, 24 subjects with isolated IFG, and 48 subjects with combined (IFG + IGT) glucose intolerance (CGI) received an OGTT. Plasma glucose, insulin, and C-peptide concentrations were measured before and every 15 min after glucose ingestion. Insulin secretion rate (ISR) was determined by deconvolution of plasma C-peptide concentration. Inverse of the Matsuda index of whole body insulin sensitivity was used as a measure of insulin resistance; 56 subjects also received a euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp. The insulin secretion/insulin resistance (disposition) index was calculated as the ratio between incremental area under the ISR curve (?ISR[AUC]) to incremental area under the glucose curve (?G[AUC]) factored by the severity of insulin resistance (measured by Matsuda index during OGTT or glucose disposal during insulin clamp). Compared to NGT, the insulin secretion/insulin resistance index during first 30 min of OGTT was reduced by 47, 49, and 74% in IFG, IGT, and CGI, respectively (all < 0.0001). The insulin secretion/insulin resistance index during the second hour (60-120 min) of the OGTT in subjects with IFG was similar to that in NGT (0.79 ± 0.6 vs. 0.72 ± 0.5, respectively, P = NS), but was profoundly reduced in subjects with IGT and CGI (0.31 ± 0.2 and 0.19 ± 0.11, respectively; P < 0.0001 vs. both NGT and IFG). Early-phase insulin secretion is impaired in both IFG and IGT, while the late-phase insulin secretion is impaired only in subjects with IGT.
|
['Adult', 'Blood Glucose', 'Fasting', 'Female', 'Glucose Clamp Technique', 'Glucose Intolerance', 'Glucose Tolerance Test', 'Humans', 'Insulin', 'Insulin Resistance', 'Insulin Secretion', 'Male', 'Metabolic Networks and Pathways', 'Middle Aged', 'Prediabetic State', 'Time Factors']
| 21,553,243
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D09.947.875.359.448.500'], ['F01.145.407.400', 'G07.203.650.240.587', 'G07.203.650.353.400'], ['E01.370.225.124.100.350', 'E05.196.500', 'E05.200.124.100.350'], ['C18.452.394.952.500'], ['E01.370.225.124.100.355', 'E01.370.374.355', 'E05.200.124.100.355'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D06.472.699.587.200.500.625', 'D12.644.548.586.200.500.625'], ['C18.452.394.968.500', 'G07.690.773.984.617'], ['G03.442', 'G07.475'], ['G03.493'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C18.452.394.750.774', 'C19.246.774'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
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|
Concentration of ibuprofen in cervical mucus.
|
Concentrations of an acidic drug, ibuprofen, in cervical mucus and serum have been measured by HPLC after oral administration in six healthy volunteers. After an 800 mg single dose of ibuprofen, the concentration reached in cervical mucus was less than 4% of that in serum. It is postulated that because ibuprofen is an acidic drug which is not subject to 'ion-trapping' in the acidic environment of cervical mucus, it is not concentrated in this secretion.
|
['Administration, Oral', 'Adult', 'Cervix Uteri', 'Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'Female', 'Half-Life', 'Humans', 'Ibuprofen', 'Mucus']
| 1,672,904
|
[['E02.319.267.100'], ['M01.060.116'], ['A05.360.319.679.256'], ['E05.196.181.400.300'], ['G01.910.405'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D02.241.223.701.430'], ['A12.200.503']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Epidemiology of diabetes mellitus in the fragility fracture population of a region of Southern Italy.
|
Increased risk of osteoporosis and its clinical significance in patients with diabetes is controversial. This study aims to increase the data which are available regarding the prevalence of diabetes mellitus in patients affected by fragility fracture in Italy. We retrospectively studied Hospital Discharge Data (HDD) in the Apulian database for the period 20062010 to identify a fragility fracture diagnosis in males over 65 years of age and in females over 50. The database was then checked for drug prescriptions to identify those persons who had taken at least one osteoporosis drug. Within this latter group, thanks to hospital admission and prescription records, the subjects affected with diabetes mellitus were identified. Between 2006 and 2010 in Apulia 177,639 patients were hospitalized and diagnosed as having fragility fracture. The greatest number of those fragility fractures were found to be in the 70 to 79 age range (64,917 total; females 56,994, males 7,923). The prevalence of diabetes subjects in Apulia in this period was estimated at 6.5%. In the same region and period 21.1% of subjects affected by diabetes experienced a fragility fracture; in particular, this number was 27% for males and for 20.5% females. This is the first study providing data on the prevalence of fragility fractures and diabetes in the Apulian population. The data confirm that diabetes is a risk factor which influences bone density and risk of fractures and therefore the need of osteoporosis screening and treatment in diabetic patients.
|
['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Diabetes Mellitus', 'Female', 'Fractures, Bone', 'Humans', 'Italy', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Prevalence']
| 27,049,106
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['C18.452.394.750', 'C19.246'], ['C26.404'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.542.489'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
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| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
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Accentuating the positive in adult attachments.
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This paper proposes that attachment theory, with its emphasis on stability and security, accentuates the positive aspects of affectional relationships and suggests a way to look at the process of adult psychotherapy. Attachment-based research has shown that positive attachment experiences are related to feelings of joy, comfort, and contentment throughout life. In contrast, experiences that are hurtful or traumatic, and especially if they are chronic or repeated, can have negative effects on thoughts and emotions as well as the body. In applying these findings to psychotherapy, the role of the therapist can be seen as providing a positive emotional experience within which to examine and gain a new perspective on the origins and development of distress. Through therapy, the opportunity to experience a relationship of secure attachment enhances psychological and physical well-being and the capacity to make and maintain lasting affectional bonds with others.
|
['Adult', 'Couples Therapy', 'Humans', 'Object Attachment', 'Psychological Theory', 'Psychotherapy', 'United States']
| 18,049,933
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['F04.754.864.581.136'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F02.739.794.624'], ['F02.739'], ['F04.754'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
|
The effect of office visit copayments on utilization in a health maintenance organization.
|
This study estimated the impact of a $5 copayment on office visit rates in a health maintenance organization. A quasi-experimental design was used to compare the observed changes in visit rates by state government enrollees between the year before copayments and their first year of copayments with changes between the same time periods for a control group of enrollees without copayments. Visit data for 30,415 state enrollees and 21,633 federal enrollees who were enrolled continuously for at least 12 months before and after the start of copayments were obtained from automated data systems. The introduction of a $5 copayment for office visits resulted in an estimated 10.9% decrease in primary care visits (95% confidence interval (CI): -13.4% to -8.4%) and a 3.3% drop in specialty care visits (95% CI: -15.6% to +9.0%). The effect of copayments on primary care visits by enrollees under 40 years of age was twice as large for females as for males. Copayments also had a significantly greater impact on enrollees who were high users (greater than ten primary care visits) during the year before copayments. The copayment effect was immediate and did not diminish over the 12-month study period.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Age Factors', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Deductibles and Coinsurance', 'Female', 'Health Maintenance Organizations', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Office Visits', 'Primary Health Care', 'Sex Factors', 'Washington']
| 2,586,186
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['N03.219.151.170.300', 'N03.219.521.576.090.300'], ['N03.219.521.576.343.800.400', 'N03.219.521.576.343.925.400', 'N04.452.758.244.425', 'N04.590.374.410.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['N04.452.758.635'], ['N04.590.233.727'], ['N05.715.350.675', 'N06.850.490.875'], ['Z01.107.567.875.560.900', 'Z01.107.567.875.580.900']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
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| 0
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| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Three different tyrosyl radicals identified in L-tyrosine HCl crystals upon gamma-irradiation: magnetic characterization and temporal evolution.
|
High-frequency electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and X-band electron-nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) spectroscopies were used to investigate the effect of gamma-irradiation on single crystals of L-tyrosine hydrochloride at room temperature. The oxidation product is the tyrosyl radical formed by hydrogen abstraction from the phenolic group; interestingly, on freshly irradiated crystals, two tyrosyl radicals were identified, characterized by slightly different magnetic parameters. In particular, one of the two radicals, with a gxx value of 2.00621, has its phenoxyl oxygen strongly hydrogen-bonded to one or more donors; to our knowledge, this is the lower gxx value reported for tyrosyl radicals. These two oxidation radicals are found to evolve very slowly to a third, single more stable radical conformation. To interpret the experimental data, a possible molecular scenario is presented, where the process of radical formation can be seen as a hydrogen atom transfer or a proton-coupled electron transfer. These processes seem to be controlled by the specific network of hydrogen-bond interactions present in the crystal. The results are discussed in relation to their relevance for the interpretation of EPR spectra of tyrosyl radicals in biological systems.
|
['Crystallization', 'Free Radicals', 'Gamma Rays', 'Hydrochloric Acid', 'Magnetics', 'Models, Molecular', 'Molecular Conformation', 'Protons', 'Tyrosine']
| 18,318,523
|
[['E05.196.300', 'G02.171'], ['D01.339', 'D02.389'], ['G01.358.500.505.300', 'G01.750.250.300', 'G01.750.750.400'], ['D01.029.260.326', 'D01.210.450'], ['H01.671.493'], ['E05.599.595'], ['G02.111.570.820'], ['D01.248.497.300.459.700', 'D01.268.406.750', 'D01.362.340.750', 'G01.249.660.500'], ['D12.125.072.050.875']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
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|
Results of whole-brain radiation as salvage of methotrexate failure for immunocompetent patients with primary CNS lymphoma.
|
PURPOSE: This study evaluates the efficacy and toxicity of whole-brain radiation therapy (WBRT) as salvage therapy for immunocompetent patients who failed initial high-dose methotrexate for primary CNS lymphoma (PCNSL).PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study cohort included 27 consecutive patients who failed initial high-dose methotrexate and then received salvage WBRT (median dose, 36 Gy). Actuarial survival was measured from the initiation of radiotherapy.RESULTS: Ten patients (37%) achieved a complete radiographic response (CR), and 10 patients (37%) a partial response to WBRT, for a 74% overall radiographic response rate. At the time of maximal response, Karnofsky performance status improved in 12 (44%) of 27 patients and at least stabilized in 67%. Median estimated survival from initiation of WBRT was 10.9 months (range, 0.3 to 63.7 months). The univariate predictor of longer survival was age less than 60 years at the time of WBRT (P = .028). Among patients who survived 4 months, achievement of a CR to WBRT by 4 months (P = .002) predicted longer survival. Late treatment-associated neurotoxicity was diagnosed in four patients (15%) and was significantly associated with total radiation doses greater than 36 Gy (P = .04). No patient treated with daily fractions less than 1.8 Gy developed late neurotoxicity.CONCLUSION: For patients with PCNSL who experience treatment failure with methotrexate, WBRT provides high response rates (74%) and a median survival of 10.9 months. Age less than 60 years and response to WBRT predict post-WBRT survival. Modest rates of late neurotoxicity (15%) were seen and were associated with a total dose greater than 36 Gy.
|
['Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic', 'Brain', 'Brain Neoplasms', 'Disease-Free Survival', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Immunocompetence', 'Lymphoma, B-Cell', 'Male', 'Methotrexate', 'Middle Aged', 'Radiotherapy', 'Salvage Therapy', 'Survival Rate', 'Treatment Failure']
| 15,735,126
|
[['D27.505.519.186.144', 'D27.505.954.248.144', 'D27.888.569.042.030'], ['A08.186.211'], ['C04.588.614.250.195', 'C10.228.140.211', 'C10.551.240.250'], ['E01.789.800.190', 'E05.318.740.998.300', 'N04.761.559.590.800.190', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800.190', 'N05.715.360.750.795.300', 'N06.850.520.830.998.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G12.460'], ['C04.557.386.480.150', 'C15.604.515.569.480.150', 'C20.683.515.761.480.150'], ['D03.633.100.733.631.192.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E02.815'], ['E02.895'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.900', 'N01.224.935.698.826', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.900', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.900'], ['E01.789.800.760', 'N04.761.559.590.800.760', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800.760']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
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| 1
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|
Synthesis, structure-activity relationships, and the effect of polyethylene glycol on inhibitors of phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C from Bacillus cereus.
|
Substrate analog inhibitors of Bacillus cereus phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC) were synthesized and screened for their suitability to map the active site region of the enzyme by protein crystallography. Analogs of the natural substrate phosphatidylinositol (PI) were designed to examine the importance of the lipid portion and the inositol phosphate head group for binding to the enzyme. The synthetic compounds contained pentyl, hexyl, or hexanoyl and octyl lipid chains at the sn-1 and sn-2 positions of the glycerol backbone and phosphonoinositol, phosphonic acid, methyl phosphonate, phosphatidic acid, or methyl phosphate at the sn-3 position. The most hydrophobic compound, dioctyl methyl phosphate 14, was also the best inhibitor with an IC50 of 12 microM. In a series of dihexyl lipids, compounds with phosphonoinositol head groups inhibited more strongly than those that do not contain inositol but are otherwise identical. Compound 29, a short-chain lipid with a phosphonoinositol head group, was found to be a competitive inhibitor and the most potent in this series with an IC50 of 18 microM (Ki = 14 microM). Analogs with dihexyl chains were better inhibitors than those with dihexanoyl chains, presumably because the ether-linked lipids are more hydrophobic than the ester-linked lipids. No appreciable difference in inhibition was found between a phosphonoinositol lipid and the corresponding difluorophosphonoinositol lipid. Inositols and inositol derivatives that do not contain lipid moieties show IC50s about 3 orders of magnitude above those of the short-chain lipids. In this group, glucosaminyl(alpha 1-->6)-D-myo-inositol inhibited more strongly than myo-inositol, which in turn is a better inhibitor than inositol phosphate. The addition of polyethylene glycol (PEG-600) resulted in a marked decrease in inhibition by the short-chain lipids, but had little effect on the water-soluble head group analogs. This is accounted for in terms of solubilization of the amphipathic inhibitors by PEG. Since PEG is required in the crystallization, these data indicate that the best strategy for obtaining enzyme inhibitor complexes is to start by cocrystallizing PI-PLC with the head group analogs. The next step is to synthetically add the shortest possible hydrophobic moieties to the analogs and cocrystallize these with the enzyme. This strategy may be applicable to other lipolytic enzymes.
|
['Bacillus cereus', 'Crystallography, X-Ray', 'Enzyme Inhibitors', 'Isomerism', 'Micelles', 'Phosphatidylinositol Diacylglycerol-Lyase', 'Phosphoinositide Phospholipase C', 'Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases', 'Polyethylene Glycols', 'Protein Conformation', 'Structure-Activity Relationship']
| 8,893,831
|
[['B03.300.390.400.158.218.252', 'B03.353.500.100.218.252', 'B03.510.100.100.218.252', 'B03.510.415.400.158.218.252', 'B03.510.460.410.158.218.252'], ['E05.196.309.742.225'], ['D27.505.519.389'], ['G02.111.570.685', 'G02.607.445'], ['D05.374', 'D26.255.560'], ['D08.811.277.352.640.700.700.500', 'D08.811.520.650.800'], ['D08.811.277.352.640.700.700.562', 'D12.644.360.571', 'D12.776.476.556'], ['D08.811.277.352.640'], ['D02.033.455.250.700', 'D05.750.741', 'D25.720.741', 'J01.637.051.720.741'], ['G02.111.570.820.709'], ['G02.111.830', 'G07.690.773.997']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Construction of some cytotoxic agents with aurone and furoaurone scaffolds.
|
AIM: In spite of the availability of different chemotherapies for cancer treatment, there is still a need for new candidates with higher efficacy and lower toxicity.METHODOLOGY: Aurones 7a-f, 8a-f and furoaurones 13a-f, 16a-c were synthesized. Some compounds were selected by the National Cancer Institute, USA, for cytotoxicity screening.RESULTS & DISCUSSION: The furoaurone derivative, 13a was the most active one exhibiting promising growth inhibition against leukemia, K562 and melanoma, MDA-MB-435 cells at concentration of 10 ìM. It induced apoptosis in both cell lines by activation of CASP3 and inhibition of CDK2. Additionally, 13a showed good selectivity over normal kidney and liver cells. Simulation docking study was undertaken to gain insight into the possible binding mode of 13a in the CDK2 enzyme.CONCLUSION: The furoaurone 13a can be considered as a scaffold for further optimization to obtain more active hits. Graphical abstract [Formula: see text].
|
['Antineoplastic Agents', 'Apoptosis', 'Benzofurans', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor', 'Humans', 'Molecular Docking Simulation', 'Molecular Structure', 'Structure-Activity Relationship']
| 29,235,893
|
[['D27.505.954.248'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['D03.633.100.127'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['E01.370.225.500.388', 'E05.200.500.388', 'E05.242.417', 'E05.337.550.200'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.599.595.249', 'L01.224.160.249'], ['G02.111.570', 'G02.466'], ['G02.111.830', 'G07.690.773.997']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Acute kidney injury in patients undergoing endovascular therapy for critical limb ischemia.
|
BACKGROUND: Similar to coronary angiography and interventions, patients undergoing percutaneous treatment of lower extremity peripheral arterial disease are also at risk of acute kidney injury (AKI). The incidence, risk factors associations, need for dialysis and inhospital mortality related to AKI in patients with critical limb ischemia (CLI) following endovascular therapy is poorly defined.OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to analyze data from the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) to determine the aforementioned outcomes in patients with CLI.METHODS: Using the full NIS admission dataset from 2003 through 2012, ICD-9 codes relevant to comorbid conditions, procedure codes, composite codes for AKI, and inhospital mortality were analyzed using multivariate models.RESULTS: A total of 273,624 patients were included with a mean age of 70.0 ± 27.4 years, 46.0% were female, 57.2% had diabetes, 43.4% had coronary artery disease (CAD), and 29.2% had chronic kidney disease (CKD). The overall rate of AKI was 10.4%, and there was a temporal rise over the analysis period in AKI incidence (p < .001). Age, diabetes, CKD, and heart failure were all associated with AKI (p < .0001). The inhospital mortality rate in the patients with AKI declined over time but was higher than in patients without AKI (6.0% vs. 1.4%), p < .0001. The mortality rate was substantially higher in patients with AKI requiring dialysis as compared to AKI not requiring dialysis (13.4% vs. 5.6%), p < .0001.CONCLUSIONS: AKI is associated with age, CKD, and heart failure. The incidence of AKI following endovascular therapy for CLI is rising and independently associated with inhospital mortality.
|
['Acute Kidney Injury', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Critical Illness', 'Databases, Factual', 'Endovascular Procedures', 'Female', 'Hospital Mortality', 'Humans', 'Incidence', 'Ischemia', 'Lower Extremity', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Peripheral Arterial Disease', 'Radiography, Interventional', 'Renal Dialysis', 'Risk Assessment', 'Risk Factors', 'Time Factors', 'Treatment Outcome', 'United States']
| 31,419,029
|
[['C12.777.419.780.050', 'C13.351.968.419.780.050'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['C23.550.291.625'], ['L01.313.500.750.300.188.400', 'L01.470.750.750'], ['E04.100.814.529', 'E04.502.382'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.400', 'N01.224.935.698.400', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.400', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.375', 'N01.224.935.597.500', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.375', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.375'], ['C23.550.513'], ['A01.378.610'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C14.907.137.126.307.500', 'C14.907.617.671'], ['E01.370.350.700.725', 'E04.502.780'], ['E02.870.300', 'E02.912.800'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.715', 'N04.452.871.715', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.690', 'N06.850.505.715', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.715'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['G01.910.857'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Effects of divided attention on swallowing in healthy participants.
|
Swallowing impairments are treated mostly behaviorally. It is requisite to understand the relationship of cognition, specifically attention, with swallowing since so many swallowing impairments occur concomitantly with cognitive disorders. This study examined the hypothesis that attentional resources are required during swallowing. The approach involved a dual-task, reaction time (RT) paradigm in ten healthy, nonimpaired participants. Baseline measures were obtained of the duration of the anticipatory phase and of the oropharyngeal phase of swallowing and the RTs to nonword auditory stimuli. A dual-task then required participants to swallow 5 ml of water from an 8-oz. cup while listening for a target nonword presented auditorily during the anticipatory or the oropharyngeal phase. Target stimuli were randomized across baseline and dual-task trials. Duration of the anticipatory phase and of the oropharyngeal phase of swallowing and duration of the RT baseline trial and of the dual-task trial were determined. Results showed a statistically significant increase in speed of the anticipatory phase, relative to the oropharyngeal phase, for swallowing during the dual-task. RTs were slowed for both the anticipatory and the oropharyngeal phase during the dual-task, although neither of these was statistically significant. Clinical implications of these data suggest that disruptive stimuli in the environment to nonimpaired individuals may alter feeding but have little effect on the oropharyngeal swallow.
|
['Acoustic Stimulation', 'Aged', 'Attention', 'Deglutition', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Reaction Time', 'Time Factors']
| 21,892,783
|
[['E02.037', 'E02.190.888.030', 'E05.723.136'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['F02.830.104.214'], ['G10.261.178'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.796.817', 'F02.830.650', 'F04.669.817', 'G11.561.677'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
The protective effect of microRNA-21 in neurons after spinal cord injury.
|
STUDY DESIGN: Experimental animal study.OBJECTIVES: To validate the anti-apoptosis effect of microRNA-21 in neurons after spinal cord injury (SCI) and explore the mechanism.SETTING: Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China.METHODS: In situ hybridization was used to detect the expression of miR-21 in spinal cord neurons (n = 24). In a rat contusion SCI model (n = 48), we upregulated the miR-21 level around the injured area using miR-21 lentiviral vectors and evaluated the therapeutic effect with histology and behavioural scores. In neuronal cells, oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) was exerted to imitate SCI, and we explored the biomechanism using molecular biology and a dual-luciferase reporter assay.RESULTS: miR-21 was expressed in spinal cord neurons and was found to improve neuronal survival and promote functional recovery in rat SCI models. The in vitro results in PC-12 cells revealed that the augmentation of endogenous miR-21 was able to reduce neuronal cell death after OGD. In addition, overexpression of miR-21 was able to reduce cellular apoptosis via decreasing PDCD4 protein levels, and caspase-3 activity was also influenced. Transfection of miR-21 into 293T cells was able to decrease luciferase activity in a reporter assay system, including the 3' untranslated region of PDCD4.CONCLUSIONS: miR-21 may have a protective role in neuronal apoptosis after SCI. PDCD4 may be a functional target gene involved in the miR-21-mediated anti-apoptotic effect through an miR-21/PDCD4/caspase-3 pathway.
|
['Animals', 'Apoptosis', 'Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins', 'Cell Count', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Hypoxia', 'Male', 'MicroRNAs', 'Motor Neurons', 'Oxygen', 'PC12 Cells', 'Phosphopyruvate Hydratase', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Spinal Cord Injuries', 'Transduction, Genetic', 'Transfection', 'Up-Regulation']
| 30,089,893
|
[['B01.050'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['D12.644.360.075', 'D12.776.476.075'], ['E01.370.225.500.195', 'E05.200.500.195', 'E05.242.195', 'G04.140'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['C23.888.852.079'], ['D13.150.650.319', 'D13.444.735.150.319', 'D13.444.735.790.552.500'], ['A08.675.655.500', 'A11.671.655.500'], ['D01.268.185.550', 'D01.362.670'], ['A11.251.210.190.750', 'A11.251.860.180.750', 'A11.299.500'], ['D08.811.520.241.300.500'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['C10.228.854.763', 'C10.900.850', 'C26.819'], ['E05.393.350.800', 'G05.728.850'], ['E05.393.350.810', 'G05.728.860'], ['G02.111.905', 'G05.308.850', 'G07.690.773.998']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Selected parameters of response organization in mildly mentally retarded children.
|
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of response organization on reaction time (RT) and movement time (MT) of mildly mentally retarded children. Two groups of 30 subjects each were formed: a retarded group 9 yr. of age and a normal group matched for chronological age. Subjects were randomly assigned to one of three precued conditions in which they were told that the forthcoming response would be performed with the right or left hand (precue hand), be to the right or left side (precue direction), or cross or not cross the body midline (precue midline). The retarded group performed significantly more slowly than the normal group on both RT and MT. Both groups, however, were able to utilize precued hand information as opposed to other precued variables, indicating that knowing which hand to use is important when organizing responses.
|
['Child', 'Female', 'Functional Laterality', 'Humans', 'Intellectual Disability', 'Male', 'Psychomotor Performance', 'Reaction Time']
| 3,562,198
|
[['M01.060.406'], ['F02.830.297.425', 'G11.561.225.425'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C10.597.606.360', 'C23.888.592.604.646', 'F01.700.687', 'F03.625.539'], ['F02.808', 'G11.427.700', 'G11.561.660'], ['E05.796.817', 'F02.830.650', 'F04.669.817', 'G11.561.677']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Somatic and psychological effects of low-dose aromatase inhibition in men with obesity-related hypogonadotropic hypotestosteronemia.
|
INTRODUCTION: Reduced testosterone levels are frequently observed in obese men. Increased aromatase activity may be an etiological factor.OBJECTIVE: In this study, we evaluate the clinical effects of aromatase inhibition in obesity-related hypogonadotropic hypotestosteronemia (OrHH).METHODS: Double-blind, placebo-controlled, 6-month trial in 42 obese men with a BMI >35 kg/m(2), and a serum total testosterone <10 nmol/l. All patients started on one tablet of 2.5 mg/week, with subsequent dose escalation every month until a serum total testosterone of 20 nmol/l was reached.ENDPOINTS: Psychological function, body composition, exercise capacity, and glucose, lipid, and bone metabolism.RESULTS: Thirty-nine patients completed the study according to protocol. Letrozole decreased serum estradiol from 119.1±10.1 to 59.2±6.1 pmol/l (P<0.001), and increased serum LH from 3.3±0.3 to 8.8±0.9 U/l (P<0.0001) and serum total testosterone from 8.6±0.7 to 21.5±1.3 nmol/l (P<0.0001). Significant effects on the predefined endpoints were not observed.CONCLUSION: Despite a marked rise in serum testosterone, low-dose aromatase inhibition had no somatic or psychological effects in men with OrHH.
|
['Adult', 'Androgens', 'Aromatase Inhibitors', 'Blood Glucose', 'Body Composition', 'Body Mass Index', 'Bone Density', 'Double-Blind Method', 'Energy Intake', 'Estradiol', 'Exercise Tolerance', 'Hormones', 'Humans', 'Hypogonadism', 'Letrozole', 'Lipid Metabolism', 'Luteinizing Hormone', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neuropsychological Tests', 'Nitriles', 'Obesity, Morbid', 'Psychometrics', 'Testosterone', 'Triazoles']
| 23,949,882
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D27.505.696.399.472.161'], ['D27.505.519.389.870.300', 'D27.505.696.399.450.327.149', 'D27.505.696.399.450.855.300'], ['D09.947.875.359.448.500'], ['G02.111.130', 'G03.180', 'G07.100.049'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.125', 'E05.041.124.125', 'G07.100.100.125', 'N06.850.505.200.100.175'], ['G11.427.100'], ['E05.318.370.300', 'E05.581.500.300', 'N05.715.360.325.320', 'N06.850.520.445.300'], ['G07.203.650.240.340'], ['D04.210.500.365.415.248', 'D06.472.334.851.437.500'], ['G11.427.680.270'], ['D06.472', 'D27.505.696.399.472'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C19.391.482'], ['D02.626.300', 'D03.383.129.799.638'], ['G03.458'], ['D06.472.699.322.576.463', 'D06.472.699.631.525.343.463', 'D12.644.548.691.525.343.463'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['F04.711.513'], ['D02.626'], ['C18.654.726.500.700', 'C23.888.144.699.500.500', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120.699.500.500', 'G07.100.100.160.120.699.500.500'], ['F04.711.780'], ['D04.210.500.054.079.429.824', 'D06.472.334.851.968.984'], ['D03.383.129.799']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
[17â-estradiol protects against injury of aortic relaxation and contraction in ovariectomized rats with insulin resistance induced by fructose].
|
The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of 17beta-estradiol (17beta-E(2)) on the structure and relaxation and contraction activity of thoracic aortas in ovariectomized rats with insulin resistance induced by fructose. Ovariectomized mature female Sprague-Dawley rats were fed with high fructose diet for 8 weeks to induce insulin resistance. Physiological dose of 17beta-E(2) (30 mug/kg) was injected subcutaneously every day for 8 weeks. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) was measured by use of tail-cuff. Serum nitric oxide (NO), estradiol (E(2)), fasting blood sugar (FBS) and fasting serum insulin (FSI) were measured respectively in each group. The insulin sensitive index (ISI) was calculated. The thoracic aortas were fixed in formalin, sliced and HE dyed. The structure of thoracic aortas, lumen breadth, media thickness, media thickness/lumen breadth ratio and media cross-section area were measured. The contraction response of thoracic aorta rings induced by L-phenylephrine (PE) and the relaxation response of thoracic aorta rings induced by ACh and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) were measured. To explore the mechanism, nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) was used. The results obtained are as follows: (1) 17beta-E(2) protected against the effect of high fructose diet, which caused an increase in SBP, hyperinsulinemia and a decrease in ISI in ovariectomized rats. (2) The structure of thoracic aortas had no significant difference among the groups. (3) Compared with the ovariectomized group (OVX) or fructose fed group (F), serum nitric oxide was significantly reduced, the contraction response of thoracic aorta rings to PE was enhanced and the relaxation response to ACh was depressed significantly in ovariectomized+fructose fed group (OVX+F). The effect of high fructose was reversed by 17beta-E(2). After pretreatment with L-NAME, the effect of 17beta-E(2), which enhanced the relaxation response of thoracic aorta rings to ACh in ovariectomized+fructose+17beta-E(2) group (OVX+F+E(2)), was partly blocked. (4) The relaxation response of thoracic aorta rings to SNP had no significant difference among the groups. (5) The contraction response of thoracic aorta rings without endothelium to PE had no significant difference among the groups. These findings suggest that 17beta-E(2) may provide protection against the effect of high fructose diet, which causes hypertension, dysfunction of endothelial cells and insulin resistance. The mechanism of this effect of 17beta-E(2) could be partly associated with the increase of NO by NOS pathway, or associated with the decrease in the level of systolic blood pressure and serum insulin, and the improvement of insulin resistance.
|
['Animals', 'Aorta', 'Estradiol', 'Female', 'Fructose', 'Insulin Resistance', 'Ovariectomy', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Vasoconstriction', 'Vasodilation', 'Vasomotor System']
| 16,220,202
|
[['B01.050'], ['A07.015.114.056'], ['D04.210.500.365.415.248', 'D06.472.334.851.437.500'], ['D09.947.875.359.250', 'D09.947.875.465.354'], ['C18.452.394.968.500', 'G07.690.773.984.617'], ['E04.270.282.685', 'E04.950.165.685', 'E04.950.300.680'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['G09.330.380.925'], ['G09.330.380.928'], ['A08.800.050.800.900']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Relationship between the expression of beta-cat, cyclin D1 and c-myc and the occurance and biological behavior of pancreatic cancer].
|
OBJECTIVE: To study the relationship between the abnormal expression of beta-catenin (beta-cat) and the high expressions of cyclin D1 and c-myc and the occurance, proliferation, infiltration, metastasis and prognosis of pancreatic cancer, and to provide rational basis for the clinical diagnosis and treatment.METHODS: Immunohistochemical PicTure trade mark was used to examine the expressions of beta-cat, cyclin D1 and c-myc in 47 cases of the cancerous tissue of pancreas, 12 cases of the pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia and 10 cases of normal tissue of pancreas, respectively. Pancreatic cancer proliferation cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) was also tested as the index of the extent of proliferation of the pancreatic cancer.RESULTS: beta-cat was expressed normally in the 10 cases of the normal pancreatic tissue, while cyclin D1 and c-myc were negative. The expression rates of beta-cat, cyclin D1 and c-myc in the tissues of the pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia and the pancreatic cancer had no significant difference [6/12 and 68.1% (32/47), 6/12 and 74.5% (35/47), 5/12 and 70.2% (33/47) respectively;P values were all more than 0.05]. The abnormal expression rate of beta-cat was significantly correlated to the metastasis of the pancreatic cancer and the one-year survival rate (both P < 0.05), but had no relation with the size, the extent of differentiation, the activity of proliferation, or infiltration of the pancreatic cancer (both P > 0.05). The expression rate of cyclin D1 was correlated with the proliferation of the pancreatic cancer and the extent of differentiation (both P < 0.05), but not with the size, infiltration, metastasis, or one-year survival rate of the pancreatic cancer (both P > 0.05). The expression rate of c-myc was not correlated with the size, the extent of proliferation, infiltration, metastasis, or one-year survival rate (both P > 0.05), but closely with the proliferation activity of the cancerous tissue of pancreas (P < 0.05). The abnormal expression of beta-cat and the high expressions of cyclin D1 and c-myc had a parallel relationship with the pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia and pancreatic cancer (both P < 0.05, gamma = 1.000, 0.845, 0.437, 0.452).CONCLUSIONS: The abnormal expression of beta-cat activates cyclin D1 and c-myc, and results in the unchecked proliferation and differentiation, which may play an important role in the genesis of the pancreatic cancer. The abnormal expression of beta-cat is one of the mechanisms for the spread of pancreatic cancer and an index in the molecular biology to determine the metastasis and prognosis of pancreatic cancer.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Cyclin D1', 'Cytoskeletal Proteins', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Pancreas', 'Pancreatic Neoplasms', 'Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc', 'Trans-Activators', 'beta Catenin']
| 12,882,690
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D12.644.360.262.150.100', 'D12.776.167.218.150.100', 'D12.776.476.262.150.100', 'D12.776.624.664.700.100'], ['D12.776.220'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['A03.734'], ['C04.588.274.761', 'C04.588.322.475', 'C06.301.761', 'C06.689.667', 'C19.344.421'], ['D12.776.660.740', 'D23.050.290.750', 'D23.101.140.600'], ['D12.776.260.103.813', 'D12.776.624.664.700.189', 'D12.776.660.765', 'D12.776.930.125.813'], ['D12.776.260.755', 'D12.776.930.900', 'D12.776.964.925.984'], ['D12.776.091.249', 'D12.776.220.145.500', 'D12.776.930.130']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Childhood Sexual Abuse and Early Timing of Puberty.
|
PURPOSE: The purpose was to examine whether the timing of puberty, indexed by breast development and pubic hair development, was earlier for sexually abused females compared with a matched comparison group of nonabused females, controlling for key alternative confounds.METHODS: A cohort of sexually abused females and matched comparisons was followed longitudinally at mean ages 11 through 20 years. Sexually abused participants (N = 84) were referred by protective services. Comparison participants (N = 89) were recruited to be comparable in terms of age, ethnicity, income level, family constellation, zip codes, and nonsexual trauma histories. Stage of puberty was indexed at each assessment by nurse and participant ratings of breast and pubic hair development using Tanner staging-the gold standard for assessing pubertal onset and development. Cumulative logit mixed models were used to estimate the association between sexual abuse status and the likelihood of transitioning from earlier to later Tanner stage categories controlling for covariates and potential confounds.RESULTS: Sexual abuse was associated with earlier pubertal onset: 8 months earlier for breasts (odds ratio: 3.06, 95% CI: 1.11-8.49) and 12 months earlier for pubic hair (odds ratio: 3.49, 95% CI: 1.34-9.12). Alternative explanations including ethnicity, obesity, and biological father absence did not eradicate these findings.CONCLUSIONS: This study confirms an association between exposure to childhood sexual abuse and earlier pubertal onset. Results highlight the possibility that, due to this early onset, sexual abuse survivors may be at increased risk for psychosocial difficulties, menstrual and fertility problems, and even reproductive cancers due to prolonged exposure to sex hormones.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Child', 'Cohort Studies', 'District of Columbia', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Longitudinal Studies', 'Male', 'Puberty', 'Sex Offenses', 'Time', 'Young Adult']
| 27,836,531
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.406'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['Z01.107.567.875.500.210', 'Z01.433.429'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.500'], ['G08.686.760', 'G08.686.841.374'], ['I01.198.240.748'], ['G01.910'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
A refined model of claudin-15 tight junction paracellular architecture by molecular dynamics simulations.
|
Tight-junctions between epithelial cells of biological barriers are specialized molecular structures that regulate the flux of solutes across the barrier, parallel to cell walls. The tight-junction backbone is made of strands of transmembrane proteins from the claudin family, but the molecular mechanism of its function is still not completely understood. Recently, the crystal structure of a mammalian claudin-15 was reported, displaying for the first time the detailed features of transmembrane and extracellular domains. Successively, a structural model of claudin-15-based paracellular channels has been proposed, suggesting a putative assembly that illustrates how claudins associate in the same cell (via cis interactions) and across adjacent cells (via trans interactions). Although very promising, the model offers only a static conformation, with residues missing in the most important extracellular regions and potential steric clashes. Here we present detailed atomic models of paracellular single and double pore architectures, obtained from the putative assembly and refined via structural modeling and all-atom molecular dynamics simulations in double membrane bilayer and water environment. Our results show an overall stable configuration of the complex with a fluctuating pore size. Extracellular residue loops in trans interaction are able to form stable contacts and regulate the size of the pore, which displays a stationary radius of 2.5-3.0 ? at the narrowest region. The side-by-side interactions of the cis configuration are preserved via stable hydrogen bonds, already predicted by cysteine crosslinking experiments. Overall, this work introduces an improved version of the claudin-15-based paracellular channel model that strengthens its validity and that can be used in further computational studies to understand the structural features of tight-junctions regulation.
|
['Claudins', 'Computer Simulation', 'Crystallography, X-Ray', 'Humans', 'Hydrogen Bonding', 'Molecular Dynamics Simulation', 'Molecular Structure', 'Protein Conformation', 'Protein Domains', 'Protein Multimerization', 'Software', 'Solvents', 'Tight Junctions']
| 28,863,193
|
[['D12.776.543.940.200'], ['L01.224.160'], ['E05.196.309.742.225'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G02.282'], ['E05.599.595.500', 'G02.111.570.895', 'L01.224.160.500'], ['G02.111.570', 'G02.466'], ['G02.111.570.820.709'], ['G02.111.570.820.709.275.750', 'G02.111.570.820.709.610.500'], ['G02.111.694'], ['L01.224.900'], ['D27.720.844'], ['A11.284.149.165.420.820']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[The frequency of pharmacological pain relief in university neonatal intensive care units].
|
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the use of drugs to relieve procedural pain of newborn infants hospitalized in Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICU) of university hospitals.METHODS: A prospective cohort study of all newborn infants hospitalized in four NICU during October 2001. The following data were collected: demographic data of patients; clinical morbidity; number of potentially painful procedures and frequency of analgesic administration. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to study the factors associated with the use of analgesia in this cohort of patients with SPSS 8.0.RESULTS: Ninety-one newborn infants were admitted to the NICU during the study period (1,025 patient-days). Only 25% of the 1,025 patient-days received any systemic analgesia. No specific drug was administered to relieve acute pain during any of the following painful procedures: arterial, venous, capillary and lumbar punctures and tracheal intubation. For chest tube insertion, 100% of newborn infants received specific analgesia. For the insertion of central catheters, 8% of the newborn infants received analgesia. Only nine of the 17 newborn infants that underwent surgical procedures received any dose of analgesics during the postoperative period. Regarding patients who received analgesia, the drug of choice was fentanyl in 93%. The presence of mechanical ventilation increased 6.9 times the chance of the newborn receiving analgesia and the presence of a chest tube increased this chance by 5.0 times.CONCLUSION: It is necessary to train health professionals in order to shorten the lag between scientific knowledge regarding newborn pain and clinical practice.
|
['Analgesia', 'Analgesics', 'Birth Weight', 'Cohort Studies', 'Female', 'Fentanyl', 'Hospitals, University', 'Humans', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Intensive Care Units, Neonatal', 'Logistic Models', 'Male', 'Pain Measurement', 'Pain, Postoperative', 'Prospective Studies']
| 16,247,544
|
[['E03.091'], ['D27.505.696.663.850.014', 'D27.505.954.427.040'], ['C23.888.144.186', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120.186', 'E05.041.124.160.750.149', 'G07.100.100.160.120.186', 'G07.345.249.314.120.186'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['D03.383.621.265'], ['N02.278.020.300.310', 'N02.278.421.639.725'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['N02.278.388.493.390.380'], ['E05.318.740.500.525', 'E05.318.740.600.800.450', 'E05.318.740.750.450', 'E05.599.835.875', 'N05.715.360.750.530.480', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.450', 'N05.715.360.750.695.470', 'N06.850.520.830.500.525', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.450', 'N06.850.520.830.750.450'], ['E01.370.600.550.324'], ['C23.550.767.700', 'C23.888.592.612.832'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Identification of exacerbations in obstructive lung disease through biomarkers.
|
Inflammation has been identified as an important factor for disease exacerbation in obstructive lung disease. In this study, we used neutrophil and eosinophil counts as biomarkers for exacerbation in obstructive lung disease. We conducted a case-control study within a cohort of patients frequenting an outpatient clinic of Respiratory Medicine using data from the Utrecht Patient Oriented Database (UPOD). Cases were patients with a hospital admission for obstructive lung disease in 2005. For each case, one control patient was sampled from the same study base. We identified 143 cases (118 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and 25 asthma patients) and 143 controls. Admission was associated with both neutrophilia (adjusted odds ratio (OR) 4.3; 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.2-8.5), and eosinophilia (adjusted OR 2.6; 95% CI 1.1-6.2). The association with eosinophilia was only seen in asthma patients. In conclusion, neutrophil and eosinophil counts seem to be useful biomarkers for identifying exacerbations in pharmacoepidemiological studies on obstructive lung disease.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Asthma', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Disease Progression', 'Eosinophilia', 'Eosinophils', 'Female', 'Hospitalization', 'Humans', 'Leukocyte Count', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neutrophils', 'Odds Ratio', 'Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive', 'Severity of Illness Index']
| 19,863,191
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C08.127.108', 'C08.381.495.108', 'C08.674.095', 'C20.543.480.680.095'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['C23.550.291.656'], ['C15.378.553.231'], ['A11.118.637.415.345', 'A11.627.340.345', 'A15.145.229.637.415.345', 'A15.382.490.315.251'], ['E02.760.400', 'N02.421.585.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.195.107.595', 'E01.370.225.625.107.595', 'E05.200.500.195.107.595', 'E05.200.625.107.595', 'E05.242.195.107.595', 'G04.140.107.595', 'G09.188.105.595'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['A11.118.637.415.583', 'A11.627.340.583', 'A11.733.689', 'A15.145.229.637.415.583', 'A15.382.490.315.583', 'A15.382.680.689'], ['E05.318.740.600.600', 'G17.680.500', 'N05.715.360.750.625.590', 'N06.850.520.830.600.600'], ['C08.381.495.389'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475.456.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.364.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.364.500']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Synthesis and evaluation of antitumor activity of arylamides and cyclohexylamides of isomeric 3-chloro-4-(2-chloroethylthio)butanoic- and 4-chloro-3-(2-chloroethylthio)butanoic acids.
|
In the hope to find antitumor candidates among di-(2-chloroethyl)sulfides it was found that only 3-chloro-4-(2-chloroethylthio)butanoic (3-chloro) and 4-chloro-3-(2-chloroethylthio)butanoic (4-chloro) acids possess definite alkylating ability which is suggested to be a reason of their high antitumor activity. However, the clinical use of these agents is hampered by their high toxicity. A number of arylamides and cyclohexylamides of 3-chloro and 4-chloro acids were synthesized. A study of the toxicity and antitumor activity of synthesized derivatives in comparison with known 4-chloro-3-(2-chloroethylthio)butanoic acids shows that both 3-chloro and 4-chloro isomers possess high antitumor activity. Substitution of 3-chloro and 4-chloro butanoic acids by arylamides and cyclohexylamides residues R did not appear to increase the antitumor activity of the compounds. The presence of an anilide and cyclohexylamides carboxylic or alkylenecarboxylic substituent reduced the toxicity of the compounds 3-5 times in comparison with 3-chloro and 4-chloro anilides and cyclohexylamides. All synthesized compounds possess a broad spectrum of antitumor activity and are less toxic than the parent compound 4-chloro-3-(2-chloroethylthio)butanoic acid.
|
['Amides', 'Animals', 'Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating', 'Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor', 'Isomerism', 'Lethal Dose 50', 'Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred Strains', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Tumor Cells, Cultured']
| 9,079,243
|
[['D02.065'], ['B01.050'], ['D27.505.519.124.035', 'D27.505.954.248.150', 'D27.888.569.035.035'], ['E01.370.225.500.388', 'E05.200.500.388', 'E05.242.417', 'E05.337.550.200'], ['G02.111.570.685', 'G02.607.445'], ['E05.940.402', 'G07.225.500', 'G07.690.773.875.750', 'G07.690.936.500.750'], ['E05.196.867.519'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900'], ['A11.251.860']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The contribution of common CYP2A6 alleles to variation in nicotine metabolism among European-Americans.
|
OBJECTIVE: To study the association between cytochrome P450 2A6 (CYP2A6) genotype and metabolism of nicotine to cotinine, identify functional polymorphisms, and develop a predictive genetic model of nicotine metabolism.METHODS: The conversion of deuterated (D2)-nicotine to D2-cotinine was quantified in 189 European-Americans and the contribution of CYP2A6 genotype to variability in first-pass nicotine metabolism was assessed. Specifically, (i) single time point measures of D2-cotinine/(D2-cotinine+D2-nicotine) after oral administration were used as a metric of CYP2A6 activity; (ii) the impact of CYP2A6 haplotype was treated as acting multiplicatively; (iii) parameter estimates were calculated for all haplotypes in the subject pool, defined by a set of polymorphisms previously reported to affect function, including gene copy number; and (iv) a minimum number of predictive polymorphisms were justified to be included in the model based on statistical evidence of differences between haplotypes.RESULTS: The final model includes seven polymorphisms and fits the phenotype, 30-min after D2-nicotine oral administration, with R=0.719. The predictive power of the model is robust: parameter estimates calculated in men (n=89) predict the phenotype in women (n=100) with R=0.758 and vice versa with R=0.617; estimates calculated in current smokers (n=102) predict the phenotype in former-smokers (n=86) with R=0.690 and vice versa with R=0.703. Comparisons of haplotypes also demonstrate that CYP2A6*12 is a loss-of-function allele indistinguishable from CYP2A6*4 and CYP2A6*2 and that the CYP2A6*1B 5'-untranslated region conversion has negligible impact on metabolism. After controlling for CYP2A6 genotype, modest associations were found between increased metabolism and both female sex (P=4.8?10) and current smoking (P=0.02).CONCLUSION: Among European-Americans, seven polymorphisms in the CYP2A6 gene explain the majority of variability in the metabolism of nicotine to cotinine after oral administration. Parameters determined from this in-vivo experiment can be used to predict nicotine metabolism based on CYP2A6 genotype.
|
['Alleles', 'Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases', 'Cotinine', 'Cytochrome P-450 CYP2A6', 'European Continental Ancestry Group', 'Female', 'Genetic Variation', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Nicotine', 'Polymorphism, Genetic', 'Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide', 'Smoking']
| 21,597,399
|
[['G05.360.340.024.340.030'], ['D08.244.453.005', 'D08.811.682.690.708.170.010', 'D12.776.422.220.453.010'], ['D03.383.773.812.180'], ['D08.244.453.491.250', 'D08.811.682.690.708.170.450.250', 'D12.776.422.220.453.491.250'], ['M01.686.508.400'], ['G05.365'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D03.132.760.570', 'D03.383.725.518'], ['G05.365.795'], ['G05.365.795.598'], ['F01.145.805']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
What aspects of human alcohol use disorders can be modeled using selectively bred rat lines?
|
The use of selective breeding to produce animal models for the study of alcohol abuse and alcoholism represents one of the major advances in the field of alcohol research. Rats selectively bred for alcohol preference and alcohol nonpreference have been useful to both preclinical and clinical investigators in the alcohol research community for studying the behavioral, neurobiological, and molecular basis of alcohol drinking, for identifying the genes that may contribute to the development of alcohol abuse and alcoholism, and for evaluating the utility of drugs aimed at reducing alcohol intake and preventing alcohol relapse. Rats selectively bred for alcohol preference (alcohol preferring or "P" line) have enhanced responsiveness to the low dose reinforcing effects of alcohol, less aversion to moderate/high doses of alcohol, and are able to develop tolerance to the aversive effects of alcohol more rapidly and to maintain tolerance longer than rats selectively bred for alcohol nonpreference (alcohol nonpreferring or "NP" line). The increased potency of low-dose alcohol as a reinforcer for P rats might be expected to foster and maintain alcohol drinking. Weaker aversion to the pharmacological effects of moderate/high doses of alcohol in the P line would allow P rats to drink more alcohol than NP rats before the postingestional effects become aversive. Rapid induction of tolerance to the aversive effects of alcohol with repeated bouts of voluntary alcohol drinking, as well as persistence of alcohol tolerance in rats of the P line might serve to maintain alcohol drinking. These are powerful mechanisms that may serve to promote and maintain a high alcohol drinking behavior. Although these rat lines have been used to address several characteristics of excessive alcohol consumption in humans, they have not yet been used to model several aspects of human alcohol use disorders. New applications of these selectively bred rat lines are discussed which may further our understanding of the factors contributing to alcohol abuse and alcoholism.
|
['Alcoholism', 'Animals', 'Humans', 'Models, Animal', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Strains', 'Translational Medical Research']
| 20,590,397
|
[['C25.775.100.250', 'F03.900.100.350'], ['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.598'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400'], ['H01.770.644.145.675']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Exercise testing provides additional prognostic information in angiographically defined subgroups of patients with coronary artery disease.
|
We examined whether exercise testing with measurement of cardiac output during maximal exercise can provide additional prognostic information for medically treated patients in whom left ventricular function and extent of coronary artery disease are known. We followed 1034 patients with normal or mildly impaired left ventricular function; 410 of these patients (group 1) had single-vessel disease, 316 had double-vessel disease (group 2), and 308 had triple-vessel disease (group 3). In addition, 204 patients with double- or triple-vessel disease and moderately impaired left ventricular function (group 4) were followed. Mean follow-up in these 1238 patients was 4.5 years. End point of follow-up was death. Groups 1, 2, and 3 were divided into terciles according to the maximally achieved values of the following exercise variables: exercise tolerance, angina-free exercise tolerance, maximal heart rate, and cardiac output during maximal exercise. Group 4 was divided into halves accordingly. Survival curves (according to the method of Cutler and Ederer) for group 2 showed a 15% difference in 5 year survival rate between the highest and lowest terciles (p less than .005) by use of the noninvasive variables exercise tolerance, angina-free exercise tolerance, and maximal heart rate (95% vs 80%). The separation into terciles according to cardiac output during maximal exercise resulted in a significant difference in survival rates between the highest and lowest terciles (halves) in all groups of patients. The differences in 5 year survival rates were 9% (p less than .05), 16% (p less than .05), and 19% (p less than .005) for groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively, and 22% for group 4 (p less than .005).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
|
['Angiography', 'Cardiac Output', 'Coronary Angiography', 'Coronary Disease', 'Exercise Test', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Heart Rate', 'Heart Ventricles', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Physical Exertion', 'Prognosis', 'Pulmonary Wedge Pressure', 'Time Factors']
| 6,616,799
|
[['E01.370.350.700.060', 'E01.370.370.050'], ['E01.370.370.380.150', 'G09.330.380.124'], ['E01.370.350.130.625', 'E01.370.350.700.060.200', 'E01.370.370.050.200', 'E01.370.370.380.200'], ['C14.280.647.250', 'C14.907.585.250'], ['E01.370.370.380.250', 'E01.370.386.700.250', 'E05.333.250'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['E01.370.600.875.500', 'G09.330.380.500'], ['A07.541.560'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G11.427.683'], ['E01.789'], ['G09.330.380.076.695'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
The unrecognized extragonadal germ cell cancer syndrome.
|
Within 3 years we saw 12 patients diagnosed initially as having poorly differentiated or undifferentiated carcinomas who, we believe, actually had extragonadal germinal cancers. Serum levels of the beta subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin (beta-HCG) or alpha-fetoprotein were useful in suggesting and supporting the diagnosis: Levels of one or the other were elevated in six of 10 patients in whom they were measured but levels of both, in only one patient. Staining of histologic specimens for beta-HCG or alpha-fetoprotein showed intracellular localization of one of these markers in the cancer cells of all four patients studied. All patients responded to therapy (11 treated with chemotherapy with or without radiotherapy, one with excision and radiotherapy only), with complete remissions in seven of 12. Two of the patients who had a complete remission have experienced relapse, and five have continued in disease-free remission from more than 8 to more than 56 months. Histologically atypical extragonadal germ cell neoplasms may be commoner than previously supposed. Physicians should consider this treatable and potentially curable cancer in selected patients having poorly differentiated or undifferentiated carcinomas.
|
['Adult', 'Carcinoma', 'Chorionic Gonadotropin', 'Diagnosis, Differential', 'Female', 'Germ Cells', 'Humans', 'Lung Neoplasms', 'Male', 'Mediastinal Neoplasms', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasms', 'Syndrome', 'alpha-Fetoproteins']
| 6,162,409
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['C04.557.470.200'], ['D06.472.699.322.326', 'D06.472.699.649.367', 'D12.644.548.726.367', 'D12.776.780.400'], ['E01.171'], ['A05.360.490', 'A11.497'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.588.894.797.520', 'C08.381.540', 'C08.785.520'], ['C04.588.894.479', 'C08.846.187.580'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04'], ['C23.550.288.500'], ['D12.776.124.790.106.092', 'D12.776.320.525.500', 'D12.776.377.228.500', 'D12.776.377.715.085.092', 'D23.101.140.050']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Accuracy of diagnosis of salivary gland tumors with the use of ultrasonography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging: a meta-analysis.
|
OBJECTIVE: To compare ultrasonography (US), computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for clinical differential diagnosis in patients with salivary gland tumor (SGT).STUDY DESIGN: Six databases were used to search the literature published between 1982 and 2013. Histologic diagnosis was required as standard diagnosis. Pooled estimate for sensitivity, specificity, summary receiver-operating characteristic curve (SROC) and area under curve (AUC) were calculated and compared using STATA and Meta-Disc statistical software.RESULTS: Nineteen articles were included. Pooled sensitivity for US, CT, and MRI was 0.629 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.52-0.73), 0.830 (95% CI 0.74-0.90), and 0.807 (95% CI 0.73-0.87), respectively; pooled specificity for US, CT, and MRI was 0.920 (95% CI 0.89-0.94), 0.851 (95% CI 0.79-0.90), and 0.886 (95% CI 0.85-0.92), respectively. The AUC under SROC for US, CT, and MRI was 0.934 ± 0.058, 0.912 ± 0.889, and 0.903 ± 0.045, respectively.CONCLUSIONS: CT is recommended, as it is an effective imaging tool for differential diagnosis in patients with primary SGT, and MRI is suggested for differential diagnosis between benign and malignant GSTs because of its highest sensitivity and specificity.
|
['Humans', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Salivary Gland Neoplasms', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed', 'Ultrasonography']
| 25,577,417
|
[['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['C04.588.443.591.824', 'C07.465.530.824', 'C07.465.815.718'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810'], ['E01.370.350.850']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
[Arterial hypertension and cardiac decompensation].
|
Treatment of high blood pressure has considerably postponed the development of heart failure in these patients. The repercussions of high blood pressure on the heart first consist in diastolic dysfunction of the left ventricule and then in the development of left ventricular hypertrophy. Diuretics and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors are to be considered as the drugs of first choice in these patients. In the future, beta-blockers could play an important role in the management in some categories of patients.
|
['Adrenergic beta-Antagonists', 'Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors', 'Antihypertensive Agents', 'Calcium Channel Blockers', 'Diuretics', 'Heart Failure', 'Humans', 'Hypertension']
| 8,927,860
|
[['D27.505.519.625.050.200.200', 'D27.505.696.577.050.200.200'], ['D27.505.519.389.745.085'], ['D27.505.954.411.162'], ['D27.505.519.562.249', 'D27.505.696.260.500', 'D27.505.954.411.192'], ['D27.505.696.560.500'], ['C14.280.434'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C14.907.489']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
N-terminal brain natriuretic peptide predicted cardiovascular events stronger than high-sensitivity C-reactive protein in hypertension: a LIFE substudy.
|
BACKGROUND: N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (Nt-proBNP) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) are cardiovascular risk markers in various populations, but are not well examined in hypertension. Therefore, we wanted to investigate whether high Nt-proBNP or hsCRP predicted the composite endpoint of cardiovascular death, non-fatal stroke or non-fatal myocardial infarction independently of traditional cardiovascular risk factors and the urine albumin: creatinine ratio (UACR), which is a well established cardiovascular risk factor in hypertension.METHODS: In 945 hypertensive patients from the LIFE study with electrocardiographic left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy, we measured traditional cardiovascular risk factors including electrocardiography, morning UACR, hsCRP by immunoturbidimetry assay and Nt-proBNP by immunoassay after 2 weeks of placebo treatment. During 55 months' follow-up 80 patients suffered a composite endpoint.RESULTS: HsCRP as well as Nt-proBNP above the median values of 3.0 mg/l and 170 pg/ml, respectively, was associated with a higher incidence of composite endpoint (13.1 versus 3.8%, P < 0.01, and 11.5 versus 5.4%, P < 0.01). In Cox regression analyses, standardized log(hsCRP)/SD predicted a composite endpoint [hazard ratio (HR) 1.3 per SD = 0.47 log(mg/l), P < 0.05] after adjustment for traditional cardiovascular risk factors, but not after further adjustment for UACR. Standardized log(Nt-proBNP)/SD predicted a composite endpoint after adjustment for traditional cardiovascular risk factors [HR 1.9 per SD = 0.49 log(pg/ml), P < 0.05] as well as after further adjustment for UACR [HR 1.5 per SD = 0.49 log(pg/ml), P < 0.01]. Log(Nt-proBNP) added significantly to the Cox regression models using traditional cardiovascular risk factors with and without UACR (both P < 0.001).CONCLUSION: Nt-proBNP predicted a composite endpoint after adjustment for traditional risk factors, UACR and a history of diabetes or cardiovascular disease and added significantly to the prediction of composite endpoint, whereas hsCRP did not.
|
['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Albumins', 'Antihypertensive Agents', 'Atenolol', 'Biomarkers', 'C-Reactive Protein', 'Cardiovascular Diseases', 'Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic', 'Creatinine', 'Endpoint Determination', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Hypertension', 'Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular', 'Losartan', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Natriuretic Peptide, Brain', 'Peptide Fragments', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Proportional Hazards Models', 'ROC Curve', 'Risk Factors', 'Scandinavian and Nordic Countries']
| 16,877,955
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['D12.776.034'], ['D27.505.954.411.162'], ['D02.033.100.624.698.070', 'D02.033.755.624.698.070', 'D02.092.063.624.698.070'], ['D23.101'], ['D12.776.034.145', 'D12.776.124.050.120', 'D12.776.124.486.157'], ['C14'], ['N05.715.350.240', 'N06.850.490.718'], ['D03.383.129.308.207'], ['E05.315'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C14.907.489'], ['C14.280.195.400', 'C23.300.775.250.400'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.185.475', 'D03.383.129.308.507', 'D03.383.129.617.467'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D06.472.699.584.625', 'D12.644.548.585.625', 'D12.776.631.590'], ['D12.644.541'], ['E05.318.370.800.650', 'N05.715.360.325.700.640', 'N06.850.520.445.800.650'], ['E05.318.740.500.700', 'E05.318.740.600.700', 'E05.318.740.750.725', 'E05.318.740.998.825', 'E05.599.835.900', 'N05.715.360.750.530.650', 'N05.715.360.750.625.650', 'N05.715.360.750.695.650', 'N05.715.360.750.795.825', 'N06.850.520.830.500.700', 'N06.850.520.830.600.700', 'N06.850.520.830.750.725', 'N06.850.520.830.998.912'], ['E05.318.370.800.750', 'E05.318.740.872.750', 'N05.715.360.325.700.680', 'N06.850.520.445.800.750'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['Z01.542.816']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Efficient method for preparation of highly purified lipopolysaccharides by hydrophobic interaction chromatography.
|
A method for the efficient preparation of highly purified lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) by hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC) has been developed. The procedure can be used for the purification of cell wall bound LPSs after hot phenol-water extraction and for the isolation of extracellular LPSs from the supernatant, respectively. The method described has been tested with artificial mixtures containing LPSs, polysaccharide, protein and RNA and subsequently employed for the preparative purification of two LPSs of different origin, namely the extracellular LPS secreted by Escherichia coli E49 into the culture medium, and the cell wall bound LPS from Pseudomonas aeruginosa VA11465/1. Compared to currently used methods for LPS purification such as enzymatic digestion and ultracentrifugation, the chromatographic separation reported here combines superior purity with minimal loss of LPS, high reproducibility and simple handling. The removal of contaminants such as protein, RNA and polysaccharides and the recovery of LPSs were monitored by appropriate assays.
|
['Cell Wall', 'Chromatography, Liquid', 'Escherichia coli', 'Lipopolysaccharides', 'Pseudomonas aeruginosa', 'Ultracentrifugation']
| 10,517,220
|
[['A11.284.183'], ['E05.196.181.400'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['D09.400.500', 'D09.698.718.450', 'D10.494', 'D23.050.161.616.525', 'D23.946.123.329.500'], ['B03.440.400.425.625.625.100', 'B03.660.250.580.590.050'], ['E05.181.724', 'E05.196.941']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Alterations in the sensing and transport of phosphate and calcium by differentiating chondrocytes.
|
During endochondral bone formation and fracture healing, cells committed to chondrogenesis undergo a temporally restricted program of differentiation that is characterized by sequential changes in their phenotype and gene expression. This results in the manufacture, remodeling, and mineralization of a cartilage template on which bone is laid down. Articular chondrocytes undergo a similar but restricted differentiation program that does not proceed to mineralization, except in pathologic conditions such as osteoarthritis. The pathogenesis of disorders of cartilage development and metabolism, including osteochondrodysplasia, fracture non-union, and osteoarthritis remain poorly defined. We used the CFK2 model to examine the potential roles of phosphate and calcium ions in the regulatory pathways that mediate chondrogenesis and cartilage maturation. Differentiation was monitored over a 4-week period using a combination of morphological, biochemical, and molecular markers that have been characterized in vivo and in vitro. CFK2 cells expressed the type III sodium-dependent phosphate transporters Glvr-1 and Ram-1, as well as a calcium-sensing mechanism. Regulated expression and activity of Glvr-1 by extracellular phosphate and parathyroid hormone-related protein was restricted to an early stage of CFK2 differentiation, as evidenced by expression of type II collagen, proteoglycan, and Ihh. On the other hand, regulated expression and activity of a calcium-sensing receptor by extracellular calcium was most evident after 2 weeks of differentiation, concomitant with an increase in type X collagen expression, alkaline phosphatase activity and parathyroid hormone/parathyroid hormone-related protein receptor expression. On the basis of these temporally restricted changes in the sensing and transport of phosphate and calcium, we predict that extracellular phosphate plays a role in the commitment of chondrogenic cells to differentiation, whereas extracellular calcium plays a role at a later stage in their differentiation program.
|
['Alkaline Phosphatase', 'Animals', 'Blotting, Southern', 'Bone Development', 'Calcium', 'Cell Differentiation', 'Cell Line', 'Chondrocytes', 'Collagen', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Immunoblotting', 'Kidney', 'Parathyroid Glands', 'Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein', 'Phenotype', 'Phosphates', 'Protein Transport', 'Proteins', 'Proteoglycans', 'Rats', 'Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Ribonucleases', 'Sodium', 'Time Factors']
| 11,404,353
|
[['D08.811.277.352.650.035'], ['B01.050'], ['E05.196.401.114', 'E05.301.300.087', 'E05.601.150'], ['G07.345.500.325.377.625.050.500', 'G11.427.578.050.500'], ['D01.268.552.100', 'D01.552.539.288', 'D23.119.100'], ['G04.152'], ['A11.251.210'], ['A11.329.171'], ['D05.750.078.280', 'D12.776.860.300.250'], ['G02.300'], ['E05.478.566.320', 'E05.601.470.320'], ['A05.810.453'], ['A06.300.560'], ['D06.472.699.591', 'D12.644.276.908', 'D12.644.548.588', 'D12.776.467.890', 'D23.529.890'], ['G05.695'], ['D01.029.260.700.675.374', 'D01.248.497.158.730', 'D01.695.625.675.650'], ['G03.143.700'], ['D12.776'], ['D09.698.735', 'D12.776.395.650'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['E05.393.620.500.725'], ['D08.811.277.352.700'], ['D01.268.549.750', 'D01.268.557.650', 'D01.552.528.850', 'D01.552.547.725'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Human pregnancy following cryopreservation, thawing and transfer of an eight-cell embryo.
|
The widespread use of clomiphene citrate and exogenous gonadotrophins for in vitro fertilization (IVF) in human frequently results in the production of multiple embryos. Replacement of more than two embryos increases pregnancy rate but may result in multiple pregnancies with increased pre- and post-natal abnormality. Preservation of embryos for a limited time allows fewer embryos to be replaced on several different occasions and thus the problems of multiple pregnancy can be minimized, the effectiveness of a single IVF procedure increased and embryo replacement in adverse maternal conditions avoided. Preimplantation embryos have been successfully cryopreserved in many animal species. The sensitivity of embryos to cooling and freezing varies between species and stages of embryo development. We report here the cryopreservation procedures that allow a high survival rate of four- and eight-cell human embryos and the establishment of a pregnancy following the freezing and storage of an eight-cell embryo for 4 months in liquid nitrogen. The pregnancy terminated at 24 weeks' gestation due to development of a septic Streptomyces agalactiae chorion amnionitis after premature membrane rupture.
|
['Bacterial Infections', 'Dimethyl Sulfoxide', 'Embryo Transfer', 'Female', 'Fertilization in Vitro', 'Fetal Death', 'Fetal Membranes, Premature Rupture', 'Freezing', 'Humans', 'Parental Consent', 'Pregnancy', 'Risk Assessment', 'Streptomyces', 'Tissue Preservation']
| 6,633,637
|
[['C01.150.252'], ['D02.886.640.150'], ['E02.875.800.500', 'E05.820.800.500'], ['E02.875.800.750', 'E05.820.800.750'], ['C13.703.223', 'C23.550.260.585'], ['C13.703.420.339'], ['G01.645.500', 'G01.906.595.272.437', 'G02.734.466'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['I01.880.604.583.427.635.500', 'N03.706.535.489.635.500'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.715', 'N04.452.871.715', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.690', 'N06.850.505.715', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.715'], ['B03.300.390.400.810.768', 'B03.510.024.997.775', 'B03.510.415.400.810.768', 'B03.510.460.410.810.768'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.760', 'E01.370.225.750.600.760', 'E02.792.833', 'E05.200.500.620.760', 'E05.200.750.600.760', 'E05.760.833']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Epigenetic modifications by inhibiting histone deacetylases reverse memory impairment in insulin resistance induced cognitive deficit in mice.
|
Insulin resistance has been reported as a strong risk factor for Alzheimer's disease. However the molecular mechanisms of association between these still remain elusive. Various studies have highlighted the involvement of histone deacetylases (HDACs) in insulin resistance and cognitive deficits. Thus, the present study was designed to investigate the possible neuroprotective role of HDAC inhibitor, suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) in insulin resistance induced cognitive impairment in mice. Mice were subjected to either normal pellet diet (NPD) or high fat diet (HFD) for 8 weeks. HFD fed mice were treated with SAHA at 25 and 50 mg/kg i.p. once daily for 2 weeks. Serum insulin, glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol levels were measured. A battery of behavioral parameters was performed to assess cognitive functions. Level of tumour necrosis factor (TNF-á) was measured in hippocampus to assess neuroinflammation. To further explore the molecular mechanisms we measured the histone H3 acetylation and brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) level. HFD fed mice exhibit characteristic features of insulin resistance. These mice also showed a severe deficit in learning and memory along with reduced histone H3 acetylation and BDNF levels. In contrast, the mice treated with SAHA showed significant and dose dependent improvement in insulin resistant condition. These mice also showed improved learning and memory performance. SAHA treatment ameliorates the HFD induced reduction in histone H3 acetylation and BDNF levels. Based upon these results, it could be suggested that HDAC inhibitors exert neuroprotective effects by increasing H3 acetylation and subsequently BDNF level.
|
['Animals', 'Avoidance Learning', 'Behavior, Animal', 'Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor', 'Cognition Disorders', 'Diet, High-Fat', 'Enzyme Inhibitors', 'Epigenesis, Genetic', 'Hippocampus', 'Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors', 'Histones', 'Hydroxamic Acids', 'Insulin Resistance', 'Male', 'Memory Disorders', 'Mice', 'Motor Activity', 'Spatial Memory', 'Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha', 'Vorinostat']
| 26,805,421
|
[['B01.050'], ['F02.463.425.097', 'F02.463.785.373.173'], ['F01.145.113'], ['D12.644.276.860.100', 'D12.776.467.860.100', 'D12.776.631.600.100', 'D23.529.850.100'], ['F03.615.250'], ['G07.203.650.240.267'], ['D27.505.519.389'], ['G05.308.203'], ['A08.186.211.180.405', 'A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.345'], ['D27.505.519.389.360'], ['D12.776.157.687.485', 'D12.776.660.720.485', 'D12.776.664.469'], ['D02.092.570.394', 'D02.241.511.372'], ['C18.452.394.968.500', 'G07.690.773.984.617'], ['C10.597.606.525', 'C23.888.592.604.529', 'F01.700.625'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['F01.145.632', 'G11.427.410.698'], ['F02.463.425.540.886'], ['D12.644.276.374.500.800', 'D12.644.276.374.750.626', 'D12.776.124.900', 'D12.776.395.930', 'D12.776.467.374.500.800', 'D12.776.467.374.750.626', 'D23.529.374.500.800', 'D23.529.374.750.626'], ['D02.065.199.960', 'D02.092.146.113.960', 'D02.092.570.394.690', 'D02.241.511.372.690']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Effect of transfection manipulations on mouse cell cycle progression.
|
BalB/C-3T3 mouse fibroblasts and a temperature-sensitive derivative, ts 2e, were transfected by the calcium phosphatedimethyl sulphoxide procedure to examine the effect of this manipulation on cell cycle progression. Cells were synchronized by growth to confluence in the presence of [2-14C]thymidine to generally label cellular DNA, and then subcultured from the G0 state. Plasmid pSV3-neo or pSV2-neo DNA was added to cells at 24 h post-plating, at peak S phase. At designated intervals prior to, during, and after the transfection procedure, cells were labelled with [methyl-3H]thymidine for 1 h to monitor nascent DNA synthesis and thereby assess cell cycle position. In all experiments performed, irrespective of the time of DNA addition, the transfection manipulations resulted in a reproducible, transient interruption of cell cycle progression, of about 5 h, and manifested as a delay in movement across the subsequent G1-S interface. Thereafter, the cycle resumed normally. The results indicated that the temporal sequence of the cell duplication cycle is altered when cells are exposed to exogenous DNA:Ca3 (PO4)2.
|
['3T3 Cells', 'Animals', 'Calcium Phosphates', 'Cell Cycle', 'DNA', 'Dimethyl Sulfoxide', 'Mice', 'Plasmids', 'Thymidine', 'Transfection']
| 1,793,569
|
[['A11.251.210.100', 'A11.329.228.100'], ['B01.050'], ['D01.029.260.700.675.374.075', 'D01.146.360', 'D01.695.625.675.650.075'], ['G04.144'], ['D13.444.308'], ['D02.886.640.150'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['G05.360.600'], ['D03.383.742.680.705', 'D13.570.230.855', 'D13.570.685.705'], ['E05.393.350.810', 'G05.728.860']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Diagnosis of Enterocytozoon bieneusi (microsporidia) infections by polymerase chain reaction in stool samples using primers based on the region coding for small-subunit ribosomal RNA.
|
OBJECTIVE: Enterocytozoon bieneusi is the most prevalent microsporidian causing chronic diarrhea in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. The current methods used for routine diagnosis of infections caused by microsporidia are based on microscopic detection of the microorganism spores in stained smears. We evaluated the usefulness of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique as a tool to diagnose Enterocytozoon bieneusi infections, using the species-specific diagnostic primer pair EBIEF1/EBIER1 on stool samples that were also analyzed by optical microscopy.DESIGN: To perform PCR in such samples, we developed a novel protocol to obtain DNA free of PCR inhibitors. This protocol was based on disruption of spores using glass beads and overnight digestion with proteinase K; final purification was accomplished with the RapidPrep Micro Genomic DNA isolation Kit for Cells and Tissues (Pharmacia Biotech Inc, Piscataway, NJ). We also evaluated this approach on aliquots of a sample fixed in formalin from 1 to 10 days. PATIENTS AND SAMPLES: We evaluated the PCR technique on 64 stool samples obtained from patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome who had persistent chronic diarrhea. Patients were from Spain, Brazil, Germany, and the United States.RESULTS: Using this approach, we could confirm the presence of E bieneusi in all 17 positive samples; no false-positive results were observed. We could also amplify E bieneusi DNA in 10 aliquots of one sample fixed up to 10 days in 10% formalin.CONCLUSION: We conclude that PCR technology is very suitable for species identification of microsporidia in stool samples and may have a potential application in prospective studies in formalin-fixed samples.
|
['Animals', 'Base Sequence', 'DNA Primers', 'DNA, Protozoan', 'Electrophoresis, Agar Gel', 'Feces', 'Fixatives', 'Formaldehyde', 'Humans', 'Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic', 'Microsporida', 'Microsporidiosis', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'RNA, Ribosomal']
| 9,278,618
|
[['B01.050'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['D13.695.578.424.450.275', 'D27.720.470.530.600.223.600'], ['D13.444.308.442'], ['E05.196.401.153', 'E05.301.300.100'], ['A12.459'], ['D27.720.355'], ['D02.047.407'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C01.610.432', 'C06.405.469.452'], ['B01.300.360.500.500'], ['C01.150.703.617'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['E05.393.620.500'], ['D13.444.735.686']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Four weeks of treatment with liraglutide reduces insulin dose without loss of glycemic control in type 1 diabetic patients with and without residual beta-cell function.
|
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of 4 weeks of treatment with liraglutide on insulin dose and glycemic control in type 1 diabetic patients with and without residual â-cell function.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Ten type 1 diabetic patients with residual â-cell function (C-peptide positive) and 19 without (C-peptide negative) were studied. All C-peptide-positive patients were treated with liraglutide plus insulin, whereas C-peptide-negative patients were randomly assigned to liraglutide plus insulin or insulin monotherapy. Continuous glucose monitoring with identical food intake and physical activity was performed before (week 0) and during (week 4) treatment. Differences in insulin dose; HbA1c; time spent with blood glucose<3.9, >10, and 3.9-9.9 mmol/L; and body weight were evaluated.RESULTS: Insulin dose decreased from 0.50±0.06 to 0.31±0.08 units/kg per day (P<0.001) in C-peptide-positive patients and from 0.72±0.08 to 0.59±0.06 units/kg per day (P<0.01) in C-peptide-negative patients treated with liraglutide but did not change with insulin monotherapy. HbA1c decreased in both liraglutide-treated groups. The percent reduction in daily insulin dose was positively correlated with â-cell function at baseline, and two patients discontinued insulin treatment. In C-peptide-positive patients, time spent with blood glucose<3.9 mmol/L decreased from 3.0 to 1.0 h (P=0.03). A total of 18 of 19 patients treated with liraglutide lost weight during treatment (mean [range] -2.3±0.3 kg [-0.5 to -5.1]; P<0.001). Transient gastrointestinal adverse effects occurred in almost all patients treated with liraglutide.CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with liraglutide in type 1 diabetic patients reduces insulin dose with improved or unaltered glycemic control.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Blood Glucose', 'C-Peptide', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1', 'Exercise Test', 'Female', 'Glucagon-Like Peptide 1', 'Humans', 'Hypoglycemic Agents', 'Insulin', 'Insulin-Secreting Cells', 'Liraglutide', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Weight Loss']
| 21,593,296
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['D09.947.875.359.448.500'], ['D06.472.699.587.200.500.250', 'D12.644.548.586.200.500.250'], ['C18.452.394.750.124', 'C19.246.267', 'C20.111.327'], ['E01.370.370.380.250', 'E01.370.386.700.250', 'E05.333.250'], ['D06.472.317.680.500.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D27.505.696.422'], ['D06.472.699.587.200.500.625', 'D12.644.548.586.200.500.625'], ['A03.734.414.131', 'A06.300.414.087', 'A06.390.131', 'A11.382.625.092', 'A11.436.294.092'], ['D06.472.317.680.500.500.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C23.888.144.243.963', 'G07.345.249.314.120.200.963']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Preliminary results of the Sheehan total knee prosthesis.
|
A review of 50 knees in 42 patients operated upon between August, 1973 and November, 1976 is presented. Following initial good results, problems have been encountered with the passage of time. Complications due to design faults, selection, and technical pitfalls are analysed. Patients who have grossly unstable and deformed knees are not suitable for this type of prosthesis. The high density polyethylene central flange in the tibial component is not strong enough to withstand valgus or varus forces. Full correction of valgus, varus, or flexion deformities is essential if late complications are to be avoided. Associated external rotation deformities in grossly valgus knees have to be fully corrected to prevent late dislocation of the patella. Our conclusion is that at present there is a place for both the hinged and hingeless type of prosthesis in total knee replacement.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Joint Dislocations', 'Knee Prosthesis', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Patella', 'Recurrence']
| 7,399,783
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C05.550.518', 'C26.289'], ['E07.695.400.410'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['A02.835.232.043.650.624', 'A02.835.232.730.500'], ['C23.550.291.937']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Subchronic fluoxetine treatment induces a transient potentiation of amphetamine-induced hyperlocomotion: possible pharmacokinetic interaction.
|
The results of the present study show that 5 days of systemic treatment with fluoxetine (5 mg/kg) resulted in an augmented locomotor response to amphetamine (0.5 mg/kg). This augmented response to amphetamine was observed 24 and 48 h, but not 5 days, after the cessation of fluoxetine treatment. Subchronic fluoxetine treatment also produced an increase in the brain concentration of amphetamine when rats were challenged with amphetamine 48 h, but not 5 days, after the cessation of fluoxetine treatment. Thus, the effect of subchronic fluoxetine in augmenting amphetamine-induced hyperactivity was consistent with the effect of subchronic fluoxetine in augmenting the amphetamine concentration in the brain. This pattern of results indicates that subchronic fluoxetine potentiates the response to amphetamine within a limited time-window, and that this potentiating effect is likely to be due to the reduced metabolism of amphetamine via the inhibition of cytochrome P450 by fluoxetine and/or its metabolite norfluoxetine.
|
['Amphetamine', 'Animals', 'Brain', 'Central Nervous System Stimulants', 'Drug Synergism', 'Fluoxetine', 'Male', 'Motor Activity', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors', 'Stimulation, Chemical']
| 10,877,115
|
[['D02.092.471.683.152.110'], ['B01.050'], ['A08.186.211'], ['D27.505.696.282', 'D27.505.954.427.220'], ['G07.690.773.968.477'], ['D02.092.831.280'], ['F01.145.632', 'G11.427.410.698'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900'], ['D27.505.519.562.437.850', 'D27.505.519.625.600.850', 'D27.505.519.625.850.900', 'D27.505.696.577.600.850', 'D27.505.696.577.850.900'], ['G07.690.773.996']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Rev1 is essential in generating G to C transversions downstream of the Ung2 pathway but not the Msh2+Ung2 hybrid pathway.
|
Somatic hypermutation (SHM) and class switch recombination (CSR) of immunoglobulin (Ig) genes are initiated by the enzymatic deamination of cytosine (C) to uracil (U). Uracil-DNA-glycosylase (Ung2) converts uracils into apyrimidinic (AP) sites, which is essential for the generation of transversions (TVs) at G/C basepairs during SHM and for efficient DNA break formation during CSR. Besides Ung2, the mismatch repair protein Msh2 and the translesion synthesis (TLS) DNA polymerase (Pol) Rev1 are implicated in SHM and CSR. To further unravel the role of Rev1, we studied WT, Rev1-deficient, Msh2-deficient, and Rev1, Msh2 double-deficient B cells. Loss of Rev1 only slightly reduced CSR. During SHM G/C to C/G TVs are generated in both Ung2- and Ung+Msh2-dependent fashions. We found that Rev1 is essential for the Msh2-independent generation of these TVs downstream of Ung2-induced AP sites. In the Ung+Msh2 hybrid pathway, Rev1 is not essential and can be substituted by an alternative TLS Pol, especially when Rev1 is lacking.
|
['Animals', 'B-Lymphocytes', 'Base Composition', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Cytosine', 'DNA Breaks', 'DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase', 'Deamination', 'Guanine', 'Immunoglobulin Class Switching', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Mice, Knockout', 'Nucleotidyltransferases', 'Somatic Hypermutation, Immunoglobulin', 'Uracil', 'Uracil-DNA Glycosidase']
| 23,857,323
|
[['B01.050'], ['A11.063.438', 'A11.118.637.555.567.562', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.562', 'A15.382.032.438', 'A15.382.490.555.567.562'], ['G02.111.080'], ['A11.251'], ['D03.383.742.698.421'], ['G05.200.210'], ['D08.811.913.696.445.308.300'], ['G02.111.192', 'G02.607.157', 'G03.222'], ['D03.633.100.759.758.399.454'], ['G05.344.401.501.450', 'G12.500.274.501.450'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['B01.050.050.136.500.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.455', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800.500'], ['D08.811.913.696.445'], ['G05.558.810', 'G12.500.780'], ['D03.383.742.698.875'], ['D08.811.074.249.875']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Palliative Care and Communication Training in Neurosurgery Residency: Results of a Trainee Survey.
|
OBJECTIVE: Neurosurgeons care for critically ill patients near the end of life, yet little is known about how well their training prepares them for this role. We surveyed a random sample of neurosurgery residents to describe the quantity and quality of teaching activities related to serious illness communication and palliative care, and resident attitudes and perceived preparedness to care for seriously ill patients.METHODS: A previously validated survey instrument was adapted to reflect required communication and palliative care competencies in the 2015 the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) Milestones for Neurological Surgery. The survey was reviewed for content validity by independent faculty neurosurgeons, piloted with graduating neurosurgical residents, and distributed online in August 2016 to neurosurgery residents in the United States using the American Association of Neurological Surgeons (AANS)/Congress of Neurological Surgeons (CNS) Joint Section on Neurotrauma and Critical Care email listserv. Multiple choice and Likert scale responses were analyzed using descriptive statistics.RESULTS: Sixty-two responses were recorded between August 2016 and October 2016. Most respondents reported no explicit teaching on: explaining risks and benefits of intubation and ventilation (69%), formulating prognoses in neurocritical care (60%), or leading family meetings (69%). Compared to performing craniotomies, respondents had less frequent practice leading discussions about withdrawing life-sustaining treatment (61% vs. 90%, p < 0.01, "weekly or more frequently"), and were less often observed (18% vs. 87%, p < 0.01) and given feedback on their performance (11% vs. 58%, p < 0.01). Nearly all respondents (95%) felt "prepared to discuss withdrawing life-sustaining treatments," however half (48%) reported they "would benefit from more communication training during residency." Most (87%) reported moral distress, agreeing that they "participated in operations and worried whether surgery aligned with patient goals."CONCLUSIONS: Residents in our sample reported limited formal training, and relatively less observation and feedback, on required ACGME competencies in palliative care and communication. Most reported preparedness in this domain, but many were receptive to more training. Better quality and more consistent palliative care education in neurosurgery residency could improve competency and help ensure that neurosurgical care aligns with patient goals.
|
['Adult', 'Communication', 'Female', 'Health Care Surveys', 'Humans', 'Internship and Residency', 'Male', 'Neurosurgery', 'Palliative Care']
| 31,239,231
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['F01.145.209', 'L01.143'], ['E05.318.308.980.344', 'N03.349.380.210', 'N05.425.210', 'N05.715.360.300.800.344', 'N06.850.520.308.980.344'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['I02.358.337.350.500', 'I02.358.399.350.750'], ['H02.403.810.425'], ['E02.760.666', 'N02.421.585.666']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
The interaction of imposed and inherent olfactory mucosal activity patterns and their composite representation in a mammalian species using voltage-sensitive dyes.
|
From amphibian data, two mechanisms that could underlie the encoding of odorants by the mucosal activity patterns they engender are as follows (1) receptors with similar odorant selectivities could be aggregated spatially on the mucosa (inherent patterns); (2) in analogy to gas chromatography, as odorants are drawn along the surface of the mucosa the strongly sorbed ones could be deposited preferentially upstream, whereas the weakly sorbed ones could be distributed more evenly (imposed patterns). Do both of these possible coding mechanisms operate in mammals and, if so, how do they interact in giving composite patterns (imposed + inherent)? Fluorescence changes in di-4-ANEPPS applied to rat mucosas were monitored by a 10 x 10 pixel photodiode array. To observe the inherent patterns, three odorants of varying sorbabilities first were puffed uniformly onto the entire mucosa mounted in a Delrin chamber. To bring out the imposed patterns, the chamber was then sealed to replicate anatomically the rat's nasal cavity, and these same odorants were drawn at three flow rates along the mucosal flow path. The results demonstrated for the first time the existence of imposed patterns in a mammal. The strongly sorbed odorants, unlike the weakly sorbed one, showed marked imposed patterns. Within physiological limits, increasing the flow rate decreased the magnitude of the imposed patterns. One might consider strategies that the olfactory process could use either to negate or to take advantage of the chromatographic effect, because the lability of the composite patterns with changing stimulus conditions raises questions about their role in odorant encoding.
|
['Animals', 'Brain Mapping', 'Electric Stimulation', 'Fluorescent Dyes', 'Male', 'Mammals', 'Microscopy, Fluorescence', 'Olfactory Mucosa', 'Olfactory Pathways', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Strains']
| 8,613,801
|
[['B01.050'], ['E01.370.350.578.875.500', 'E01.370.376.537.625.500', 'E05.629.875.500'], ['E05.723.402'], ['D27.720.233.348', 'D27.720.470.410.505.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649'], ['E01.370.350.515.458', 'E05.595.458'], ['A04.531.520.573', 'A04.760.600.640', 'A09.531.623', 'A10.615.550.760.600.640'], ['A08.186.211.180.699', 'A08.612.220.640'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Ceramic composites for biomedical applications.
|
Ceramics have been successfully used for more than twenty years for orthopaedic prostheses, as articulating bearing surfaces against ceramic or polymer components. In both cases, ceramics are characterized by low friction coefficient and low wear rate, compared to metallic materials (stainless steels, titanium and chromium-cobalt alloys). However, their brittleness is much higher than that of metals and presently restricts the use of ceramics for hip joint balls or knee condyles. In the material science field, it is very well known that the association of two different materials can lead to new materials, often called 'composites'. Their properties can be higher than the same properties of each of the individual materials, when taken separately. Nevertheless, the word 'composites' is not universally used with the same meaning. For this reason, we will first give a few definitions in order to clearly understand what can be called 'composite' for ceramic materials. Dispersed phases increase the fracture toughness and high temperature mechanical behaviour of ceramics. In this paper, devoted to medical applications, only mechanical properties at the low (body or room) temperature are analysed. Particular attention is given to the alumina-zirconia system, because aluminium and zirconium oxides are currently accepted as biomaterials for joint prostheses. Finally, a highlight is given on the difficulties in the technological processes to obtain improved ceramic composites.
|
['Aluminum', 'Ceramics', 'Hardness', 'Humans', 'Materials Testing', 'Prostheses and Implants', 'Surface Properties', 'Tensile Strength', 'Zirconium']
| 10,171,689
|
[['D01.268.557.050', 'D01.552.547.050'], ['J01.637.153'], ['G01.374.647'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.570'], ['E07.695'], ['G02.860'], ['G01.374.850'], ['D01.268.556.950', 'D01.268.956.937', 'D01.552.544.950']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Simultaneous determination of five sex hormones in human serum by radioimmunoassay after chromatography on Lipidex-5000.
|
We describe a method for determination of pregnenolone, progesterone, 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone, testosterone, and 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone in 1-2 ml of serum from male or female. Using microcolumns of Lipidex-5000 (hydroxyalkoxypropyl Sephadex, 0.5 g) and light petroleum/chloroform (97/3) as the solvent during chromatography, we resolved these five steroids into four fractions, with pregnenolone and 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone eluting together. By use of selected antibodies, the latter two steroids were also determined specifically. Use of microcolumns allowed minimization of solvent volumes and sample transfers. Consequently, blank values for all the five steroids were negligible. Lowest measureable concentrations (in ng/liter) were: pregnenolone 100, progesterone 25, 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone 50, testosterone 25, and 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone 25. Intra-assay and inter-assay coefficients of variation ranged from 5 to 9% and 10 to 15%, respectively, for the five steroids. Serum concentrations of these steroids are given for women in the follicular and luteal phases of the menstrual cycle and for women on oral contraceptives of the combination type, as well as for normal men.
|
['Antibody Specificity', 'Chromatography, Gel', 'Contraceptives, Oral', 'Dihydrotestosterone', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hydroxyprogesterones', 'Male', 'Menstruation', 'Microchemistry', 'Pregnenolone', 'Progesterone', 'Progestins', 'Radioimmunoassay', 'Testosterone']
| 1,245,058
|
[['G12.100'], ['E05.196.181.400.250'], ['D27.505.696.875.360.276.210', 'D27.505.954.705.360.276.210'], ['D04.210.500.054.040.248', 'D06.472.334.851.968.964'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D04.210.500.745.745.654.829.395', 'D06.472.334.851.687.750.478'], ['G08.686.605.428'], ['E05.196.620', 'H01.181.650'], ['D04.210.500.745.745.725', 'D06.472.040.585.745', 'D06.472.334.851.687.500'], ['D04.210.500.745.745.654.829', 'D06.472.334.734.623', 'D06.472.334.851.687.750'], ['D27.505.696.399.472.858'], ['E01.370.384.700', 'E05.478.566.639', 'E05.601.470.639'], ['D04.210.500.054.079.429.824', 'D06.472.334.851.968.984']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Effect of local cooling on sweating rate and cold sensation.
|
Subjects resting in a 39 degrees C environment were stimulated in different skin regions with a water cooled thermode. This local cooling produced decreases in sweating rate measured at the thigh and increases in magnitude estimates of the cold sensation. The are of cold stimulation varied from 111 cm2 to 384 cm2. Sensitivity coefficients of the changes in sweating rate and magnitude estimate were corrected for differences in size of the area of stimulation and change in skin temperature and were normalized to the responses of the chest. The normalized coefficients showed the following relative sensitivities for changes in sweat rate and magnitude estimate respectively: forehead 3.3, 2.2; back 1.2, 1.4; lower leg 1.1, 0.9; chest 1.0, 1.0; thigh 0.9, 1.0; abdomen 0.8, 0.8. Varying the area stimulated from 122 cm2 to 384 cm2 produced greater changes in the sweating response than in the magnitude estimate. Rate of skin cooling during the period of stimulation had more effect on the sweating response than on the magnitude estimate. We conclude that cooling different body regions produces generally equivalent changes in the sweat rate and sensation, with the forehead showing a much greater sensitivity per unit area and temperature decrease than other areas.
|
['Abdomen', 'Autonomic Nervous System', 'Back', 'Body Temperature Regulation', 'Cold Temperature', 'Face', 'Humans', 'Leg', 'Male', 'Secretory Rate', 'Skin', 'Skin Physiological Phenomena', 'Skin Temperature', 'Sweating', 'Thermoreceptors', 'Thermosensing', 'Thigh', 'Thorax', 'Time Factors']
| 1,169,755
|
[['A01.923.047'], ['A08.800.050'], ['A01.923.176'], ['G07.110.232', 'G07.410.421', 'G16.012.500.535'], ['G01.906.595.272', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710.300', 'G16.500.750.775.710.300', 'N06.230.300.100.725.154', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710.300'], ['A01.456.505'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A01.378.610.500'], ['G03.857'], ['A17.815'], ['G13.750'], ['G07.110.753', 'G13.750.844'], ['G07.110.232.693', 'G07.410.421.693', 'G13.750.860', 'G16.012.500.535.693'], ['A08.675.650.915.968', 'A08.800.950.968', 'A11.671.650.915.968'], ['F02.830.816.781', 'G07.850', 'G11.561.790.781'], ['A01.378.610.750'], ['A01.923.761'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Financial Implications of Physician Specialty Choice.
|
PURPOSE: To examine the approximated financial outcomes of physicians by specialty and to determine whether these correlate with mean USMLE Step 1 scores.METHODS: Specialty-specific data from the Association of American Medical Colleges Careers in Medicine website were analyzed for total length of training, mean USMLE Step 1 scores, average hours worked per week, and median clinical practice salary for physicians. Hourly wage and estimated net worth at retirement were calculated. Coefficients of determination (R2) were calculated to evaluate the relationships between hourly wage, annual salary, and estimated net worth at retirement with competitiveness as measured by USMLE Step 1 scores of matched residents.RESULTS: Across all 37 specialties studied, the mean hourly wage was $136 ± $40, ranging from $78 (Geriatrics) to $249 (Neurosurgery). Mean weekly hours worked across all specialties was 54.6 ± 6.4, ranging from 43.4 (Pediatric Emergency Medicine) to 71.1 (Vascular Surgery). At retirement, the mean estimated net worth for all physicians was $4,517,600 ± $1,793,095, ranging from $1,927,779 (Child & Adolescent Psychiatry) to $8,947,885 (Neurosurgery). Step 1 scores, as a marker of specialty competiveness, correlate with specialty compensation - the strongest association was with hourly wage (R2 = 0.6678), then annual salary (R2 = 0.6424), and finally by estimated net worth at retirement (R2 = 0.6158).CONCLUSION: In this study, mean Step 1 scores for each medical specialty were positively correlated with compensation, including absolute salary, hourly wage and estimated net worth at retirement.
|
['Career Choice', 'Educational Measurement', 'Humans', 'Licensure, Medical', 'Medicine', 'Neurosurgery', 'Physicians', 'Retirement', 'Salaries and Fringe Benefits', 'United States']
| 30,278,604
|
[['F02.463.785.373.346.400'], ['I02.399'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N03.706.110.510.410', 'N05.700.200.450.500'], ['H02.403'], ['H02.403.810.425'], ['M01.526.485.810', 'N02.360.810'], ['I03.702'], ['N01.824.417.700', 'N04.452.677.800'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Clinical course and short-term outcome of postsplenectomy reactive thrombocytosis in children without myeloproliferative disorders: A single institutional experience from a developing country.
|
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the clinical outcome and complications in the pediatric population who had splenectomy at our institution, emphasizing the incidence of postplenectomy reactive thrombocytosis (RT) and its clinical significance in children without underlying hematological malignancies.MATERIALS AND METHODS: The medical records of pediatric patients undergoing splenectomy were retrospectively reviewed for the period 1999-2018. The following variables were analyzed: Demographic parameters (age, sex), indications for surgery, operative procedures, preoperative and postoperative platelet count (postplenectomy RT), the use of anticoagulant therapy, and postoperative complications. The patients were divided into two groups according to indications for splenectomy: The non-neoplastic hematology group and the non-hematology group (splenectomy for trauma or other spleen non-hematological pathology).RESULTS: Fifty-two pediatric (37 male and 15 female) patients who underwent splenectomy at our institution were reviewed. Thirty-four patients (65%) were in the non-hematological group (splenic rupture, cysts, and abscess) and 18 patients (35%) in the non-neoplastic hematological group (hereditary spherocytosis and immune thrombocytopenia). The two groups did not differ significantly in regards to the patients' age, sex, and preoperative platelet count (P>0.05 for all variables). Forty-nine patients (94.2%) developed postplenectomy RT. The percentages of mild, moderate and extreme thrombocytosis were 48.9%, 30.7%, and 20.4%, respectively. The comparisons of RT patients between the non-neoplastic hematology and the non-hematology group revealed no significant differences in regards to the patients' age, sex, preoperative and postoperative platelet counts, preoperative and postoperative leukocyte counts, and the average length of hospital stay (P>0.05 for all variables). None of the patients from the cohort was affected by any thrombotic or hemorrhagic complications.CONCLUSIONS: We confirm that RT is a very common event following splenectomy, but in this study it was not associated with clinically evident thrombotic or hemorrhagic complications in children undergoing splenectomy for trauma, structural lesions or non-neoplastic hematological disorders.
|
['Adolescent', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Developing Countries', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Incidence', 'Length of Stay', 'Leukocyte Count', 'Male', 'Myeloproliferative Disorders', 'Platelet Count', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Postoperative Period', 'Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Spleen', 'Splenectomy', 'Thrombocytopenia', 'Thrombocytosis', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 32,756,575
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['I01.615.500.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.375', 'N01.224.935.597.500', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.375', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.375'], ['E02.760.400.480', 'N02.421.585.400.480'], ['E01.370.225.500.195.107.595', 'E01.370.225.625.107.595', 'E05.200.500.195.107.595', 'E05.200.625.107.595', 'E05.242.195.107.595', 'G04.140.107.595', 'G09.188.105.595'], ['C15.378.190.636'], ['E01.370.225.500.195.107.740', 'E01.370.225.625.107.700', 'E01.370.225.625.625.625', 'E05.200.500.195.107.740', 'E05.200.625.107.700', 'E05.200.625.625.625', 'E05.242.195.107.740', 'G04.140.107.740', 'G09.188.105.700'], ['C23.550.767'], ['E04.614.750', 'N02.421.585.753.750'], ['C15.378.100.802.687.600', 'C15.378.140.855.925.750.600', 'C15.378.463.740', 'C20.111.759', 'C20.841.600', 'C23.550.414.950.687.600', 'C23.888.885.687.687.600'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['A10.549.700', 'A15.382.520.604.700'], ['E04.726'], ['C15.378.140.855'], ['C15.378.140.860', 'C15.378.190.636.860'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Adapting cognitive diagnosis computerized adaptive testing item selection rules to traditional item response theory.
|
Currently, there are two predominant approaches in adaptive testing. One, referred to as cognitive diagnosis computerized adaptive testing (CD-CAT), is based on cognitive diagnosis models, and the other, the traditional CAT, is based on item response theory. The present study evaluates the performance of two item selection rules (ISRs) originally developed in the CD-CAT framework, the double Kullback-Leibler information (DKL) and the generalized deterministic inputs, noisy "and" gate model discrimination index (GDI), in the context of traditional CAT. The accuracy and test security associated with these two ISRs are compared to those of the point Fisher information and weighted KL using a simulation study. The impact of the trait level estimation method is also investigated. The results show that the new ISRs, particularly DKL, could be used to improve the accuracy of CAT. Better accuracy for DKL is achieved at the expense of higher item overlap rate. Differences among the item selection rules become smaller as the test gets longer. The two CD-CAT ISRs select different types of items: items with the highest possible a parameter with DKL, and items with the lowest possible c parameter with GDI. Regarding the trait level estimator, expected a posteriori method is generally better in the first stages of the CAT, and converges with the maximum likelihood method when a medium to large number of items are involved. The use of DKL can be recommended in low-stakes settings where test security is less of a concern.
|
['Algorithms', 'Bayes Theorem', 'Bias', 'Cognition', 'Computer Simulation', 'Computers', 'Data Accuracy', 'Educational Measurement', 'Humans', 'Psychometrics']
| 31,923,227
|
[['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['E05.318.740.600.200', 'N05.715.360.750.625.150', 'N06.850.520.830.600.200'], ['N05.715.350.150', 'N06.850.490.500'], ['F02.463.188'], ['L01.224.160'], ['L01.224.230.260'], ['E05.318.308.028', 'E05.318.370.725.250', 'L01.399.250.202', 'N05.715.360.300.202', 'N05.715.360.325.685.250'], ['I02.399'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F04.711.780']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Quantitative analysis of gemcitabine triphosphate in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells using weak anion-exchange liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry.
|
Gemcitabine triphosphate (dFdCTP) is a highly active metabolite of gemcitabine. It is formed intra-cellularly via the phosphorylation of gemcitabine by deoxycytidine kinase. The monitoring of dFdCTP in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), in addition to plasma concentrations of gemcitabine and its metabolite 2',2'-difluorodeoxyuridine, is considered very useful in determining pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic relationships. We describe a novel sensitive assay for the quantification of dFdCTP in human PBMCs. The method is based on weak anion-exchange liquid chromatography and detection with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The assay has been validated from 1 ng/ml (lower limit of quantification, LLOQ) to 25 ng/ml (upper limit of quantification, ULOQ) using 180 microl aliquots of PBMC extracts containing approximately 0.648 mg protein or 3.8 x 10(6) lysed PBMCs. The LLOQ is equivalent to 94 fmol/10(6) cells (1 ng/ml = 0.18 ng/180 microl or 0.18 ng/0.648 mg protein = 0.047 ng/10(6) cells or 94 fmol/10(6) cells). This highly sensitive assay is capable of quantifying about 200-fold lower concentrations of dFdCTP in human PBMCs than currently available methods.
|
['Anions', 'Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic', 'Calibration', 'Chromatography, Liquid', 'Deoxycytidine', 'Humans', 'Leukocyte Count', 'Leukocytes, Mononuclear', 'Proteins', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Tandem Mass Spectrometry']
| 17,117,372
|
[['D01.248.497.158'], ['D27.505.519.186.144', 'D27.505.954.248.144', 'D27.888.569.042.030'], ['E05.978.155'], ['E05.196.181.400'], ['D03.383.742.680.245.500', 'D13.570.230.329', 'D13.570.685.245.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.195.107.595', 'E01.370.225.625.107.595', 'E05.200.500.195.107.595', 'E05.200.625.107.595', 'E05.242.195.107.595', 'G04.140.107.595', 'G09.188.105.595'], ['A11.118.637.555', 'A15.145.229.637.555', 'A15.382.490.555'], ['D12.776'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['E05.196.566.880']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Identification of a novel fusion gene, IRF2BP2-RARA, in acute promyelocytic leukemia.
|
Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is characterized by the fusion of retinoic acid receptor alpha (RARA) with promyelocytic leukemia (PML) or, rarely, other gene partners. This report presents a patient with APL with a novel fusion between RARA and the interferon regulatory factor 2 binding protein 2 (IRF2BP2) genes. A bone marrow examination in a 19-year-old woman who presented with ecchymoses and epistaxis showed morphologic and immunophenotypic features consistent with APL. PML oncogenic domain antibody was positive. Results of fluorescence in situ hybridization, conventional cytogenetics, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and oligonucleotide microarray for PML-RARA and common APL variant translocations were negative. Next-generation RNA-sequencing analysis followed by RT-PCR and direct sequencing revealed distinct breakpoints within IRF2BP2 exon 2 and RARA intron 2. The patient received all-trans retinoic acid, arsenic, and gemtuzumab ozogamicin, and achieved complete remission. However, the disease relapsed 10 months later, 2 months after consolidation therapy. This is the first report showing involvement of IRF2BP2 in APL, and it expands the list of novel RARA partners identified in APL.
|
['Bone Marrow', 'Carrier Proteins', 'Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1', 'Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17', 'DNA-Binding Proteins', 'Female', 'High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing', 'Humans', 'Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute', 'Nuclear Proteins', 'Oncogene Proteins, Fusion', 'Receptors, Retinoic Acid', 'Retinoic Acid Receptor alpha', 'Transcription Factors', 'Translocation, Genetic', 'Young Adult']
| 25,583,766
|
[['A15.382.216'], ['D12.776.157'], ['A11.284.187.520.300.235.240', 'G05.360.162.520.300.235.240'], ['A11.284.187.520.300.415.425', 'G05.360.162.520.300.415.425'], ['D12.776.260'], ['E05.393.760.319'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.557.337.539.275.700'], ['D12.776.660'], ['D12.776.602.500.500', 'D12.776.624.664.500'], ['D12.776.826.701', 'D12.776.930.775'], ['D12.776.826.701.250', 'D12.776.930.775.250'], ['D12.776.930'], ['C23.550.210.870', 'G05.365.590.175.870', 'G05.558.860'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Micellar electrokinetic chromatographic screening method for common sexual assault drugs administered in beverages.
|
Recently, much attention has been given to benzodiazepines and gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) related compounds owing to their alleged widespread use as date-rape drugs. Toxicologists would greatly benefit from a screening method that allows for the simultaneous detection of both groups of substances. A new capillary electrophoresis (CE) method has been developed in the micellar mode to accomplish this separation in under 16 min using a sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)/sodium tetraborate/boric acid buffer with an acetonitrile organic modifier. Optimization of SDS and organic modifier concentration, along with pH, were performed on a set of standards containing eight benzodiazepines, GHB, gamma-butyrolactone, and the internal standard, sulfanilic acid. The method was shown to have a detection limit of less than 2 microg/ml for five out of eight benzodiazepines with a linear range of 2.5-100 microg/ml. The detection limit for GHB was 32 mg/ml with a linear range to 2500 microg/ml. This method was applied to the rapid analysis of spiked beverages. GHB spiked beverages were monitored after using a series of simple dilutions to determine the effects of time on the drug analysis. Possible interfering peaks from drugs of abuse and artifacts from a variety of different drink combinations were also studied in detail. A one-step liquid-liquid extraction was the only necessary sample pretreatment.
|
['Benzodiazepines', 'Beverages', 'Chromatography, Micellar Electrokinetic Capillary', 'Forensic Medicine', 'Humans', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Hydroxybutyrates', 'Molecular Structure', 'Sex Offenses', 'Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate', 'Surface-Active Agents']
| 15,066,708
|
[['D03.633.100.079.080'], ['G07.203.100', 'J02.200'], ['E05.196.181.500'], ['H02.403.330', 'I01.198.780.937'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G02.300'], ['D02.241.081.114.937', 'D02.241.511.429', 'D10.251.400.143.781'], ['G02.111.570', 'G02.466'], ['I01.198.240.748'], ['D02.033.415.220.720', 'D02.886.645.600.055.050.632', 'D10.289.220.720'], ['D27.720.877']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Breastfeeding knowledge and education needs of early childhood centre staff.
|
This survey investigated the breastfeeding knowledge, attitudes beliefs and education needs of supervisors and staff at 32 early childhood centres in New Zealand. This study explored numbers of mothers who breastfed at or supplied expressed breastmilk to the centres, and how breastfeeding education might enhance an increase in breastfeeding rates and child nutrition. Statistical analysis and open-ended questions revealed a positive attitude towards breastfeeding among staff. All centres recognised a need for breastfeeding education sessions and greater support for breastfeeding mothers. With increasing numbers of children attending early childhood centres, understanding the importance of and implementing support for mothers to continue to breastfeed is crucial.
|
['Breast Feeding', 'Child Day Care Centers', 'Child, Preschool', 'Health Education', 'Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Needs Assessment', 'New Zealand', 'Social Support']
| 23,029,775
|
[['F01.145.407.199', 'G07.203.650.195', 'G07.203.650.220.500.500', 'G07.203.650.353.199'], ['J03.160', 'N02.421.143.098'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['I02.233.332', 'N02.421.726.407'], ['F01.100.150.500', 'N05.300.150.410'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['I02.594', 'N03.349.380.565', 'N05.300.537'], ['Z01.639.760.747', 'Z01.678.100.747'], ['I01.880.853.500.600']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
BY55/CD160 cannot be considered a cytotoxic marker in cytomegalovirus-specific human CD8(+) T cells.
|
CD160/BY55 is a glucosyl-phosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored cell membrane receptor that is expressed primarily in natural killer (NK) cells. Its presence in CD8(+) T lymphocytes is considered to be a marker of cytotoxic activity, although there are few data in this regard. In the present work, we analysed the expression of CD160 in subpopulations of cytomegalovirus (CMV)-specific CD8(+) T cells. Subpopulations were defined by CD28 and CD57 expression and exhibited varying degrees of differentiation and cytotoxic potential, as evaluated by the expression of perforin, interferon (IFN)-gamma and interleukin (IL)-7Ralpha/CD127. We included subjects with different intensities of anti-viral immune response. Results showed that the terminally differentiated CD28(-) CD57(+) subset displaying the highest level of perforin expressed CD160 at a level similar to that of memory CD28(+) CD57(-)perforin(-) cells. A comparison of the expression of perforin in CD160(+) cells versus CD160(-) cells showed that expression was significantly higher in the absence of CD160. Interestingly, the CMV-specific CD8(+) T cell subset from a patient with ongoing CMV reactivation did not begin to express CD160 until day +92 of the follow-up period. Taken together, our data show that CD160 cannot be considered a cytotoxic marker in CMV-specific CD8(+) T cells.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Antigens, CD', 'Biomarkers', 'CD28 Antigens', 'CD57 Antigens', 'CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes', 'Cell Differentiation', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Cytomegalovirus', 'Cytotoxicity, Immunologic', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'GPI-Linked Proteins', 'Humans', 'Kidney Transplantation', 'Membrane Glycoproteins', 'Middle Aged', 'Perforin', 'Pore Forming Cytotoxic Proteins', 'Receptors, Immunologic', 'T-Lymphocyte Subsets']
| 17,425,655
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D23.050.301.264.035', 'D23.101.100.110'], ['D23.101'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.222.500', 'D23.050.301.264.894.128', 'D23.101.100.894.128'], ['D23.050.301.264.894.157', 'D23.101.100.894.157'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.569.220', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.220', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.220'], ['G04.152'], ['A11.251'], ['B04.280.382.150.150'], ['G12.287'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['D12.776.395.550.448', 'D12.776.543.484.500', 'D12.776.543.550.418'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.870.500', 'E04.936.450.485', 'E04.950.774.400'], ['D12.776.395.550', 'D12.776.543.550'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D12.776.543.695.875'], ['D12.776.543.695'], ['D12.776.543.750.705'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.550.500', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.500', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.550.500', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.500', 'A15.382.490.555.567.550.500', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.500']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Chemical validation and optimization of pharmacoperones targeting vasopressin type 2 receptor mutant.
|
A series of compounds formerly identified by high-throughput screening was studied for their ability to serve as pharmacoperones for the vasopressin type 2 receptor (V2R) mutant L83Q, which is known to cause nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI). Three compounds were particularly effective in rerouting the mutant receptor in a concentration-dependent manner, were neither agonists nor antagonists, and displayed low cellular toxicity. Compound 1 was most effective and can be used as a molecular probe for future studies of how small molecules may affect NDI caused by mutant V2R. These compounds, however, failed to rescue the V2R Y128S mutant, indicating that the compounds described may not work in the rescue of all known mutants of V2R. Taken collectively, the present studies have now identified a promising lead compound that could function as a pharmacoperone to correct the trafficking defect of the NDI-associated mutant V2R L83Q and thus has the therapeutic potential for the treatment of NDI.
|
['Amino Acid Substitution', 'Diabetes Insipidus, Nephrogenic', 'HeLa Cells', 'Humans', 'Molecular Chaperones', 'Molecular Probes', 'Mutation, Missense', 'Receptors, Vasopressin']
| 30,068,530
|
[['E05.393.420.601.035', 'G05.558.109'], ['C12.777.419.135.500', 'C13.351.968.419.135.500'], ['A11.251.210.190.400', 'A11.251.860.180.400', 'A11.436.340'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.580'], ['D27.505.259.750', 'D27.720.470.530'], ['G05.365.590.650'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.910', 'D12.776.543.750.720.600.925', 'D12.776.543.750.750.555.925', 'D12.776.543.750.750.660.900']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Induction of bradycardia in trout by centrally administered corticotropin-releasing-hormone (CRH).
|
The cardiovascular effects of centrally and peripherally administered synthetic salmon corticotropin-releasing-hormone (CRH), a member of a family of stress-related neuropeptides, were investigated in the unanesthetized trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. In group 1, trout bearing a cannula in the dorsal aorta, neither intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) nor intra-arterial (i.a.) injections of CRH produced any significant change in mean heart rate (HR) and mean dorsal aortic blood pressure. These results stand in contrast to the previously reported hypertensive effects of i.a. and i.c.v. injections of trout urotensin-I. In group 2, non-cannulated trout bearing two subcutaneous electrocardiographic electrodes, conditions that are considered to be less stressful to the animals, the baseline level of HR was significantly reduced compared to the corresponding value for cannulated trout. In these trout, no significant change occurred in the HR after i.c.v. administration of 1 pmol of CRH. However, i.c.v. injection of 5 pmol of CRH caused a 12% (P<0.01) decrease in HR during the 20-25 min post-injection period. In addition, the heart rate variability (HRV), a marker of vagal input to the heart, was increased by 120%. The CRH antagonist, CRH-(9-41)-peptide alone had no effect on HR or HRV but blocked CRH-induced bradycardia. In the non-cannulated trout, i.c.v. injection of trout urotensin-I (5 pmol) produced no significant change in HR and HRV. In contrast, i.c.v. administration of angiotensin II (5 pmol) elicited a highly significant 33% (P<0.001) increase in the mean HR as well as inducing a marked (64%) reduction in HRV. Our results suggest that picomolar doses of CRH act centrally to evoke a bradycardia by a probable mechanism that involves enhancement of the parasympathetic drive to the heart.
|
['Animals', 'Bradycardia', 'Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone', 'Heart Rate', 'Injections, Intraventricular', 'Oncorhynchus mykiss']
| 12,915,256
|
[['B01.050'], ['C14.280.067.319', 'C23.550.073.300'], ['D06.472.699.327.740.140', 'D12.644.400.400.740.140', 'D12.644.548.365.740.140', 'D12.776.631.650.405.740.140'], ['E01.370.600.875.500', 'G09.330.380.500'], ['E02.319.267.530.550'], ['B01.050.150.900.493.817.750.825.580.600']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Psychophysiological response in parachute jumps, the effect of experience and type of jump.
|
We aimed to analyse the effect of experience and type of parachute jump on the psychophysiological responses of jumpers. We analysed blood oxygen saturation, heart rate, blood glucose, lactate and creatinkinase, leg strength, isometric hand strength, cortical arousal, specific fine motor skills, self-confidence and cognition, and somatic and state anxiety, before and after four different parachute jumps: a sport parachute jump, a manual tactical parachute jump, tandem pilots, and tandem passengers. Independently of the parachute jump, the psychophysiological responses of experienced paratroopers were not affected by the jumps, except for an increase in anaerobic metabolism. Novice parachute jumpers presented a higher psychophysiological stress response than the experienced jumpers, together with a large anticipatory anxiety response before the jump; however, this decreased after the jump, although the high physiological activation was maintained. This information could be used by civil and military paratroopers' instructors to improve their training programmes.
|
['Adult', 'Anxiety', 'Arousal', 'Aviation', 'Blood Glucose', 'Cognition', 'Creatine Kinase', 'Hand', 'Heart Rate', 'Humans', 'Lactic Acid', 'Leg', 'Military Personnel', 'Motor Skills', 'Muscle Strength', 'Oxygen', 'Practice, Psychological', 'Professional Competence', 'Psychophysiology', 'Self Concept', 'Stress, Psychological']
| 28,619,292
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['F01.470.132'], ['F02.830.104', 'G11.561.035'], ['J01.937.285'], ['D09.947.875.359.448.500'], ['F02.463.188'], ['D08.811.913.696.640.150'], ['A01.378.800.667'], ['E01.370.600.875.500', 'G09.330.380.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D02.241.511.459.450'], ['A01.378.610.500'], ['M01.526.625'], ['F02.808.260'], ['E01.370.600.425', 'G11.427.560'], ['D01.268.185.550', 'D01.362.670'], ['F02.463.425.674'], ['I02.399.630'], ['E02.190.525.812', 'F02.830', 'F04.096.795', 'H01.158.782.795'], ['F01.752.747.792'], ['F01.145.126.990', 'F02.830.900']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Chromium diffusion and reduction in soil aggregates.
|
The distribution of metal contaminants such as chromium in soils can be strongly localized by transport limitations and redox gradients within soil aggregates. Measurements of Cr(VI) diffusion and reduction to Cr(III) were obtained in soil columns representing transects into soil aggregates in order to quantify influences of organic carbon (OC) and redox potentials on Cr transport distances and microbial community composition. Shifts in characteristic redox potentials, and the extent of Cr(VI) reduction to Cr(III) were related to OC availability. Depth profiles of Cr(VI, III) obtained with micro X-ray absorption near edge structure (micro-XANES) spectroscopy reflected interdependent effects of diffusion and spatially dependent redox potentials on reduction kinetics and microbial community composition. Shallow diffusion depths (2-10 mm) and very sharply terminated diffusion fronts in columns amended with OC (80 and 800 ppm) reflected rapid increases in Cr reduction kinetics over very short (mm) distances. These results suggest that Cr contamination in soils can be restricted to the outsides of soil aggregates due to localized transport and rapid reduction and that bulk sample characterization is inadequate for understanding the controlling biogeochemical processes.
|
['Chromium', 'Diffusion', 'Kinetics', 'Oxidation-Reduction', 'Soil', 'Soil Pollutants']
| 11,505,996
|
[['D01.268.556.175', 'D01.268.956.124', 'D01.552.544.175'], ['G01.202', 'G02.196'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['G02.700', 'G03.295.531'], ['D20.721', 'G01.311.820', 'G16.500.275.815', 'N06.230.600'], ['D27.888.284.756']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Bench Evaluation of Four Portable Oxygen Concentrators Under Different Conditions Representing Altitudes of 2438, 4200, and 8000 m.
|
Bunel, Vincent, Amr Shoukri, Frederic Choin, Serge Roblin, Cindy Smith, Thomas Similowski, Capucine Mor?lot-Panzini, and J?sus Gonzalez. Bench evaluation of four portable oxygen concentrators under different conditions representing altitudes of 2438, 4200, and 8000 m. High Alt Med Biol. 17:370-374, 2016.-Air travel is responsible for a reduction of the partial pressure of oxygen (O2) as a result of the decreased barometric pressure. This hypobaric hypoxia can be dangerous for passengers with respiratory diseases, requiring initiation or intensification of oxygen therapy during the flight. In-flight oxygen therapy can be provided by portable oxygen concentrators, which are less expensive and more practical than oxygen cylinders, but no study has evaluated their capacity to concentrate oxygen under simulated flight conditions. We tested four portable oxygen concentrators during a bench test study. The O2 concentrations (FO2) produced were measured under three different conditions: in room air at sea level, under hypoxia due to a reduction of the partial pressure of O2 (normobaric hypoxia, which can be performed routinely), and under hypoxia due to a reduction of atmospheric pressure (hypobaric hypoxia, using a chamber manufactured by Airbus Defence and Space). The FO2 obtained under conditions of hypobaric hypoxia (chamber) was lower than that measured in room air (0.92 [0.89-0.92] vs. 0.93 [0.92-0.94], p = 0.029), but only one portable oxygen concentrator was unable to maintain an FO2 ? 0.90 (0.89 [0.89-0.89]). In contrast, under conditions of normobaric hypoxia (tent) simulating an altitude of 2438 m, none of the apparatuses tested was able to achieve an FO2 greater than 0.76. (0.75 [0.75-0.76] vs. 0.93 [0.92-0.94], p = 0.029). Almost all portable oxygen concentrators were able to generate a sufficient quantity of O2 at simulated altitudes of 2438 m and can therefore be used in the aircraft cabin. Unfortunately, verification of the reliability and efficacy of these devices in a patient would require a nonroutinely available technology, and no preflight test can currently be performed by using simple techniques such as hypobaric hypoxia.
|
['Aircraft', 'Altitude', 'Atmospheric Pressure', 'Humans', 'Hypoxia', 'Oxygen', 'Oxygen Inhalation Therapy', 'Reproducibility of Results']
| 27,959,667
|
[['J01.937.285.100'], ['G16.500.275.058', 'N06.230.058'], ['G16.500.750.274', 'N06.230.300.100.185'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C23.888.852.079'], ['D01.268.185.550', 'D01.362.670'], ['E02.880.690'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725']]
|
['Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Predictors of length of stay following shoulder arthroplasty in a high-volume UK centre.
|
INTRODUCTION: Shoulder arthroplasty rates are increasing in the UK. No data have been published from a UK centre on predictors of length of inpatient stay following shoulder arthroplasty. This study analyses the length of inpatient stay following shoulder arthroplasty in a high-volume UK centre and identifies predictors of prolonged inpatient stay.MATERIALS AND METHODS: All shoulder arthroplasty cases performed between 2012 and 2018 were identified. A review of case notes and electronic patient records was completed to identify demographic data, Charlson comorbidity score, length of inpatient stay and factors associated with length of stay. Multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to determine which factors were independently associated with length of inpatient stay.RESULTS: A total of 640 shoulder arthroplasty cases were performed in 566 patients. Median length of stay was two days. Length of stay was predicted by age, sex, chronic kidney disease, congestive cardiac failure, previous myocardial infarction, intraoperative complication and postoperative transfusion.DISCUSSION: Increasing age, female sex, chronic kidney disease, congestive cardiac failure, previous myocardial infarction, intraoperative complication and transfusion were independent predictors of increased length of stay. Strategies to reduce perioperative complication and transfusion, and to optimise renal and cardiac comorbidities may reduce overall length of stay for shoulder arthroplasty patients.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Arthroplasty, Replacement, Shoulder', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Hospital Mortality', 'Hospitals, High-Volume', 'Humans', 'Length of Stay', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Morbidity', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Prognosis', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Risk Factors', 'Shoulder Joint', 'Survival Rate', 'United Kingdom', 'Young Adult']
| 32,302,224
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['E04.555.110.110.299', 'E04.650.110.299', 'E04.680.101.110.299'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.400', 'N01.224.935.698.400', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.400', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.400'], ['N02.278.421.414'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.760.400.480', 'N02.421.585.400.480'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.308.985.525', 'N01.224.935.597', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525'], ['C23.550.767'], ['E01.789'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['A02.835.583.748'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.900', 'N01.224.935.698.826', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.900', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.900'], ['Z01.542.363'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Hypoglossal schwannoma-successful reinnervation and functional recovery of the tongue following tumour removal and nerve grafting.
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OBJECTIVE: Hypoglossal nerve schwannomas are rare tumours that usually cause ipsilateral hypoglossal palsy. This report describes such lesions in two patients and suggests nerve grafting as part of the treatment regimen.METHOD: Two patients with intra- and extra-dural hypoglossal schwannomas respectively were treated by direct surgery via a postero-lateral approach to the posterior fossa, hypoglossal canal and carotid sheath. Following tumour removal, sural nerve grafting was used to reconstruct the nerves. Unexpectedly, muscle bulk and motor function returned within 6 months in both patients.CONCLUSION: Nerve grafting was highly successful in achieving functional recovery following surgery for hypoglossal nerve schwannomas.
|
['Carotid Artery, Internal', 'Cranial Fossa, Posterior', 'Cranial Nerve Neoplasms', 'Craniotomy', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hypoglossal Nerve', 'Hypoglossal Nerve Diseases', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neck', 'Nerve Regeneration', 'Neurilemmoma', 'Neurosurgical Procedures', 'Occipital Bone', 'Recovery of Function', 'Sural Nerve', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed', 'Transplants', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 19,290,472
|
[['A07.015.114.186.200.230'], ['A01.456.830.200', 'A02.835.232.781.750.400'], ['C04.588.614.300', 'C04.588.614.596.240', 'C10.292.225', 'C10.551.360', 'C10.551.775.250'], ['E04.525.190'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A08.800.800.120.330'], ['C10.292.525'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['A01.598'], ['G11.561.585', 'G16.762.611'], ['C04.557.465.625.650.595', 'C04.557.580.600.610.595', 'C04.557.580.625.650.595'], ['E04.525'], ['A02.835.232.781.572'], ['G16.757'], ['A08.800.800.720.450.760.820.820'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810'], ['A01.941'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Clinical and CT correlates in the diagnosis of intracranial tumours.
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The correlation between clinical and CT findings in cerebral tumours was prospectively studied in 1191 consecutive referrals for cerebral CT. CT revealed a mass lesion in 51 cases (4.3%): 32 neoplasms, five haematomas and one abscess. The diagnostic specificity of CT for neoplasmic tumours was 86% (32 of 37). The clinical suspicion of a cerebral neoplasm was correct in 25 cases (78%) and the clinical localisatory hypothesis was correct in 20 cases (63%) of the neoplasms. A cerebral tumour was found in 5% (11 out of 226) of patients investigated for their first seizure and in 1% (two of 207) investigated for headache without clinical signs.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Brain Damage, Chronic', 'Brain Mapping', 'Brain Neoplasms', 'Diagnosis, Differential', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neurologic Examination', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed']
| 1,895,130
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['C10.228.140.140'], ['E01.370.350.578.875.500', 'E01.370.376.537.625.500', 'E05.629.875.500'], ['C04.588.614.250.195', 'C10.228.140.211', 'C10.551.240.250'], ['E01.171'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.370.376.550', 'E01.370.600.550'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
[Ischemic lesion of the CNS in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus].
|
UNLABELLED: In a review of 240 patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus we found 12 (5%) with cerebral infarctions. The average patient age was 38 years and no relation with the duration of lupus was found. The most common neurologic manifestations were hemiparesis (67%), language disturbances (25%) and ataxia (25%). Clinical signs of diffuse involvement of Central Nervous System (CNS) were also present in 1/3 of the patients. In 5 cases (42%) no signs of lupus activity were found. In the remaining 7 (58%), where other manifestations occurred, all presented cutaneous vasculitis. Known risk factors for atherosclerotic vascular disease were common and 58% of the patients had at least one risk factor.IN CONCLUSION: 1. Recent onset cutaneous vasculitis should alert the physician to the possibility of CNS ischemic lesion and 2. The presence of risk factors for cerebrovascular disease (steroid therapy, hypertension and hypercholesterolemia) is frequent and may be controlled.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Brain Ischemia', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic', 'Middle Aged', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Risk Factors']
| 8,048,354
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['C10.228.140.300.150', 'C14.907.253.092'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C17.300.480', 'C20.111.590'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Agonist interactions at the calcium pools in skinned and unskinned canine tracheal smooth muscle.
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We studied the functionally discrete calcium sources used by acetylcholine, 5-hydroxytryptamine, histamine and high K+ in the dog tracheal smooth muscle. The extracellular calcium dependence of their responses was assessed by altering the calcium and by pretreatment with the calcium antagonist, nifedipine. The intracellular calcium pool was assessed by studying the interactions between caffeine and the agonists in both skinned and unskinned preparations. The extent of overlap for the different calcium pools between the various agonists was determined by studying the dose-response relationships of these agents before and after pretreatment with another agonist, i.e., the conditioning agonist, in zero calcium conditions. The rank order of sensitivity to calcium removal and to nifedipine was histamine greater than KCl greater than 5-hydroxytryptamine greater than acetylcholine. Caffeine-induced atenuation of the agonist responses was predominantly through physiological antagonism. However, the caffeine responses in unskinned fibres were augmented by pretreatment with the agonists through both nifedipine-sensitive (as with KCl) and -insensitive (as with acetylcholine) mechanisms. The responses to acetylcholine and caffeine were inhibited by theophylline and forskolin. In the skinned muscle fibres, the pCa-tension relationship suggested high calcium sensitivity, a significant caffeine-sensitive calcium pool, and no evidence of calcium release by exogenous inositol trisphosphate. The results are consistent with multiple extracellular and intracellular calcium sources for the agonist responses. We observed considerable overlap of the calcium sources used by these agonists. Of the four agonists studied, histamine appeared to inhibit the release and sequestration of calcium utilized by the other agonists most effectively.
|
['Acetylcholine', 'Animals', 'Caffeine', 'Calcium', 'Dogs', 'Female', 'Histamine', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Isometric Contraction', 'Kinetics', 'Male', 'Muscle Contraction', 'Muscle, Smooth', 'Nifedipine', 'Potassium Chloride', 'Serotonin', 'Theophylline', 'Trachea']
| 3,690,397
|
[['D02.092.211.111'], ['B01.050'], ['D03.132.960.175', 'D03.633.100.759.758.824.175'], ['D01.268.552.100', 'D01.552.539.288', 'D23.119.100'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.250.216.200'], ['D02.092.211.215.501', 'D02.092.471.440', 'D03.383.129.308.373', 'D23.469.050.300'], ['E05.481'], ['G11.427.494.472'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['G11.427.494'], ['A02.633.570', 'A10.690.467'], ['D03.383.725.203.540'], ['D01.210.450.150.750', 'D01.745.625'], ['D02.092.211.215.801.852', 'D03.633.100.473.914.814', 'D23.469.050.650'], ['D03.132.960.751', 'D03.633.100.759.758.824.751'], ['A04.889']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Laparoscopy for differential diagnosis of a pelvic mass in a patient with Mayer-Rokitanski-K?ster-Hauser (MRKH) syndrome.
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OBJECTIVE: To report a rare case of a myoma simulating a pelvic tumor in a patient with Mayer-Rokitanski-K?ster-Hauser (MRKH) syndrome. The rudimentary uterus may develop fibroids, and this event can lead to problems in differential diagnosis, especially if no vaginal reconstruction has been carried out.DESIGN: Case-report.SETTING: University hospital.PATIENT(S): A 39-year-old patient with MRKH syndrome presented with a solid pelvic mass 9 cm in diameter on ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging that could not be differentiated between fibroid and ovarian tumor.INTERVENTION(S): The patient was laparoscopically operated, and a fibroid of the right uterine residual was detected and removed.RESULT(S): Histology confirmed a benign leiomyoma.CONCLUSION(S): In patients with MRKH syndrome, laparoscopy allows analysis of the origin of a solid pelvic tumor and its removal. Especially in patients without vaginal reconstruction, laparoscopy may be superior to imaging techniques.
|
['Abnormalities, Multiple', 'Adult', 'Diagnosis, Differential', 'Female', 'Gynecologic Surgical Procedures', 'Humans', 'Laparoscopy', 'Leiomyoma', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Ovarian Neoplasms', 'Syndrome', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Ultrasonography', 'Uterine Neoplasms', 'Uterus', 'Vagina']
| 18,990,385
|
[['C16.131.077'], ['M01.060.116'], ['E01.171'], ['E04.950.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.388.250.520', 'E04.502.250.520'], ['C04.557.450.590.450'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['C04.588.322.455', 'C13.351.500.056.630.705', 'C13.351.937.418.685', 'C19.344.410', 'C19.391.630.705'], ['C23.550.288.500'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['E01.370.350.850'], ['C04.588.945.418.948', 'C13.351.500.852.762', 'C13.351.937.418.875'], ['A05.360.319.679'], ['A05.360.319.779']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Expression profiling of Wnt signaling genes during gonadal differentiation and gametogenesis in rainbow trout.
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Wnt signaling plays major roles in various processes, including ovarian differentiation and development in mammals. In order to explore its potential implication during gonadal development in a nonmammalian vertebrate species, expression of Wnt signaling genes was investigated in rainbow trout during gonadal differentiation and gametogenesis. Multiple Wnt pathway genes were expressed and exhibited distinct expression patterns. In ovary, tcf7 was highly expressed during early differentiation, whereas no sexually dimorphic expression of rspo1 was detected. During later ovarian development, wnt11 was highly expressed in granulosa cells and oocytes suggesting an implication in folliculogenesis and oogenesis, whereas wnt9b was principally detected in granulosa cells. In testis, Wnt pathway genes were mostly expressed during early spermatogenesis. Overall, these present results suggest that Wnt signaling is implicated in multiple processes of male and female gonadal development and provide basis for future studies on Wnt signaling functions in teleost fish gonads.
|
['Animals', 'Female', 'Gametogenesis', 'In Situ Hybridization', 'Male', 'Oncorhynchus mykiss', 'Ovary', 'Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Sex Differentiation', 'Testis', 'Wnt Signaling Pathway']
| 22,116,193
|
[['B01.050'], ['G04.152.650', 'G08.686.784.310'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.670.325', 'E01.370.225.750.600.670.325', 'E05.200.500.620.670.325', 'E05.200.750.600.670.325', 'E05.393.661.475'], ['B01.050.150.900.493.817.750.825.580.600'], ['A05.360.319.114.630', 'A05.360.576.497', 'A06.300.312.497'], ['E05.393.620.500.706'], ['G07.345.500.325.377.843', 'G07.345.750.500', 'G08.686.841.500'], ['A05.360.444.849', 'A05.360.576.782', 'A06.300.312.782'], ['G02.111.820.925', 'G04.835.925']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Use of a real-time PCR to explore the intensity of Plasmodium spp. infections in native, endemic and introduced New Zealand birds.
|
Avian malaria, caused by Plasmodium spp., is an emerging disease in New Zealand (NZ). To detect Plasmodium spp. infection and quantify parasite load in NZ birds, a real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (qPCR) protocol was used and compared with a nested PCR (nPCR) assay. A total of 202 blood samples from 14 bird species with known nPCR results were tested. The qPCR prevalences for introduced, native and endemic species groups were 70, 11 and 21%, respectively, with a sensitivity and specificity of 96·7 and 98%, respectively, for the qPCR, while a sensitivity and specificity of 80·9 and 85·4% were determined for the nPCR. The qPCR appeared to be more sensitive in detecting lower levels of parasitaemia. The mean parasite load was significantly higher in introduced bird species (2245 parasites per 10 000 erythrocytes) compared with endemic species (31·5 parasites per 10 000 erythrocytes). In NZ robins (Petroica longipes), a significantly lower packed cell volume was found in birds that were positive for Plasmodium spp. compared with birds that were negative. Our data suggest that introduced bird species, such as blackbirds (Turdus merula), have a higher tolerance for circulating parasite stages of Plasmodium spp., indicating that introduced species are an important reservoir of avian malaria due to a high infection prevalence and parasite load.
|
['Animals', 'Animals, Wild', 'Ducks', 'Introduced Species', 'Malaria, Avian', 'New Zealand', 'Parasitemia', 'Plasmodium', 'Prevalence', 'Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Songbirds']
| 28,691,648
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.050.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.248.050.200', 'B01.050.150.900.248.690.345'], ['B01.050.050.580', 'G16.500.275.157.049.400', 'N06.230.124.049.400'], ['C01.610.752.530.606', 'C01.920.875.606', 'C22.131.498'], ['Z01.639.760.747', 'Z01.678.100.747'], ['C01.610.695', 'C23.550.470.790.500.580'], ['B01.043.075.380.611'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['E05.393.620.500.706'], ['B01.050.150.900.248.620.750']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
ATP specifically bound as a hapten to a monoclonal anti-phospholipid antibody retains phosphate donor activity.
|
We have previously reported that each of four monoclonal antibodies to a phospholipid, phosphatidylinositol phosphate (PIP), has a phosphate binding subsite in the antigen binding site that can bind ATP (Molec. Immunol. 21, 863-868, 1984). We have now observed that antibody-bound ATP has the ability to donate a phosphate group in the phosphorylation reaction of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate catalyzed by hexokinase. The phosphorylation reaction proceeds equally efficiently when ATP is provided as free (nonbound) ATP or as antibody-bound ATP. We conclude that an anti-phospholipid antibody can serve as a carrier of a functionally active nucleotide.
|
['Adenosine Triphosphate', 'Animals', 'Antibodies, Antiphospholipid', 'Antibodies, Monoclonal', 'Binding Sites', 'Glucose', 'Glucose-6-Phosphate', 'Glucosephosphates', 'Haptens', 'Hexokinase', 'Kinetics', 'Liposomes', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred BALB C', 'Phosphates', 'Phosphatidylinositols', 'Phosphorylation']
| 8,381,281
|
[['D03.633.100.759.646.138.236', 'D13.695.667.138.236', 'D13.695.827.068.236'], ['B01.050'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.323.210', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.323.210', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.323.210'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224'], ['G02.111.570.120'], ['D09.947.875.359.448'], ['D09.894.417.448.500'], ['D09.894.417.448'], ['D23.050.550.480'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.300'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['D25.479.517', 'D26.255.260.517', 'J01.637.051.479.517', 'J01.637.087.500.517'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.338', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.338'], ['D01.029.260.700.675.374', 'D01.248.497.158.730', 'D01.695.625.675.650'], ['D10.570.755.375.760.400.942'], ['G02.111.665', 'G02.607.780', 'G03.796']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Predictors of Survival in Women with High-Risk Endometrial Cancer and Comparisons of Sandwich versus Concurrent Adjuvant Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy.
|
Background: to elucidate the predictors of progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in high-risk endometrial cancer patients. Methods: the medical records of all consecutivewomen with high-risk endometrial cancer were reviewed. Results: among 92 high-risk endometrial cancer patients, 30 women experienced recurrence, and 21 women died. The 5-year PFS and OS probabilities were 65.3% and 75.9%, respectively. Multivariable Cox regression revealed that body mass index (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.11), paraaortic lymph node metastasis (HR = 11.11), lymphovascular space invasion (HR = 5.61), and sandwich chemoradiotherapy (HR = 0.15) were independently predictors of PFS. Body mass index (HR = 1.31), paraaortic lymph node metastasis (HR = 32.74), non-endometrioid cell type (HR = 11.31), and sandwich chemoradiotherapy (HR = 0.07) were independently predictors of OS. Among 51 women who underwent sandwich (n = 35) or concurrent (n = 16) chemoradiotherapy, the use of sandwich chemoradiotherapy were associated with better PFS (adjusted HR = 0.26, 95% CI = 0.08-0.87, p = 0.03) and OS (adjusted HR = 0.11, 95% CI = 0.02-0.71, p = 0.02) compared with concurrent chemoradiotherapy. Conclusion: compared with concurrent chemoradiotherapy, sandwich chemoradiotherapy was associated with better PFS and OS in high-risk endometrial cancer patients. In addition, high body mass index, paraaortic lymph node metastasis, and non-endometrioid cell type were also predictors of poor OS in high-risk endometrial cancer patients.
|
['Aged', 'Chemotherapy, Adjuvant', 'Disease-Free Survival', 'Endometrial Neoplasms', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasm Recurrence, Local', 'Neoplasm Staging', 'Proportional Hazards Models', 'Radiotherapy, Adjuvant', 'Retrospective Studies']
| 32,824,293
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['E02.186.170', 'E02.319.170'], ['E01.789.800.190', 'E05.318.740.998.300', 'N04.761.559.590.800.190', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800.190', 'N05.715.360.750.795.300', 'N06.850.520.830.998.300'], ['C04.588.945.418.948.585', 'C13.351.500.852.762.200', 'C13.351.937.418.875.200'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04.697.655', 'C23.550.727.655'], ['E01.789.625'], ['E05.318.740.500.700', 'E05.318.740.600.700', 'E05.318.740.750.725', 'E05.318.740.998.825', 'E05.599.835.900', 'N05.715.360.750.530.650', 'N05.715.360.750.625.650', 'N05.715.360.750.695.650', 'N05.715.360.750.795.825', 'N06.850.520.830.500.700', 'N06.850.520.830.600.700', 'N06.850.520.830.750.725', 'N06.850.520.830.998.912'], ['E02.186.775', 'E02.815.600'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Declining melatonin levels and older people. How old is old?
|
OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether melatonin levels in older cohorts within the 'aged' population were significantly lower than in younger 'aged' individuals and hence point to a possible confound in cross-sectional studies which group individuals over 55 in one category.SETTING AND DESIGN: Melatonin levels of 35 North Queensland residents over 55 years of age living in an aged-care facility, a retirement village or the general community were compared across three age groups.METHODS: Subjects were ten 56-65 year olds, eighteen 66-75 year olds and seven over-75 year olds. Information was obtained on sleep, awakening, medical conditions and medications, with subsequent exclusion of those with known medical conditions and/or medications. Melatonin was collected by salivary samples at 2200 hours and concentrations were determined by immunoassay.RESULTS: Mean melatonin levels were significantly lower (p=.03) in the 'oldest' (over 75 yrs) group compared to the 'youngest' (56-65 yrs) group.MAIN FINDINGS: The results of this preliminary study indicate that within the older population, melatonin levels appear to decline significantly with age.CONCLUSIONS: Future studies of melatonin and ageing may benefit from a longitudinal approach, with older subjects sampled across time.
|
['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Aging', 'Analysis of Variance', 'Cohort Studies', 'Humans', 'Melatonin', 'Middle Aged', 'Radioimmunoassay', 'Saliva']
| 15,665,802
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['G07.345.124'], ['E05.318.740.150', 'N05.715.360.750.125', 'N06.850.520.830.150'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D03.633.100.473.914.481', 'D06.472.506'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.370.384.700', 'E05.478.566.639', 'E05.601.470.639'], ['A12.200.666']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
COP-BLAM regimen combined with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and high-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
|
The clinical efficacy of COP-BLAM chemotherapy combined with human recombinant granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) was evaluated in 104 previously untreated patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). According to the method of Laurence et al., a modified COP-BLAM regimen was administered every 21 days. G-CSF was added when the granulocyte count fell below 1000 x 10(9)/l. Ninety-eight of 104 (94.2%) patients achieved a complete remission; the 4-year survival rate was 82.4% with a median duration of observation of 26 months. Survival was significantly longer in patients with low serum LDH levels, B-cell type or low CRP or in earlier clinical stages, than in patients with high serum LDH levels, T-cell type of higher CRP levels or in advanced clinical stages. The mean duration of administration of G-CSF was 5.4 days. Twelve patients developed infections during treatment. The adverse effects of G-CSF included interstitial pneumonia, bone pain and fever. Patients administered COP-BLAM combined with G-CSF achieved a high rate of remission and had a low incidence of infection. Nearly all the patients could be treated in 21-day cycles. The results suggest that G-CSF combined with COP-BLAM was effective in treating NHL, because the patients can tolerate a higher dose of the anticancer agents.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols', 'Bleomycin', 'Cyclophosphamide', 'Doxorubicin', 'Female', 'Fever', 'Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor', 'Humans', 'Infections', 'Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasm Staging', 'Neutropenia', 'Prednisone', 'Procarbazine', 'Recombinant Proteins', 'Remission Induction', 'Vincristine']
| 7,543,059
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['E02.183.750.500', 'E02.319.077.500', 'E02.319.310.037'], ['D09.400.420.110', 'D12.644.233.110'], ['D02.455.526.728.650.730.243', 'D02.705.672.500.243'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.562.050.200.175', 'D04.615.562.050.200.175', 'D09.408.051.059.200.175'], ['C23.888.119.344'], ['D12.644.276.374.410.240.350', 'D12.776.395.240.200', 'D12.776.467.374.410.240.350', 'D23.529.374.410.240.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C01'], ['C04.557.386.480', 'C15.604.515.569.480', 'C20.683.515.761.480'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.789.625'], ['C15.378.553.546.184.564'], ['D04.210.500.745.432.719.702'], ['D02.065.277.727', 'D02.241.223.100.100.655', 'D02.455.426.559.389.127.085.655'], ['D12.776.828'], ['E02.860'], ['D03.132.436.681.827.817', 'D03.633.100.473.402.681.827.817', 'D03.633.100.496.500.500.681.827.817']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
On the origin of the hierarchy of color names.
|
One of the fundamental problems in cognitive science is how humans categorize the visible color spectrum. The empirical evidence of the existence of universal or recurrent patterns in color naming across cultures is paralleled by the observation that color names begin to be used by individual cultures in a relatively fixed order. The origin of this hierarchy is largely unexplained. Here we resort to multiagent simulations, where a population of individuals, subject to a simple perceptual constraint shared by all humans, namely the human Just Noticeable Difference, categorizes and names colors through a purely cultural negotiation in the form of language games. We found that the time needed for a population to reach consensus on a color name depends on the region of the visible color spectrum. If color spectrum regions are ranked according to this criterion, a hierarchy with [red, (magenta)-red], [violet], [green/yellow], [blue], [orange], and [cyan], appearing in this order, is recovered, featuring an excellent quantitative agreement with the empirical observations of the WCS. Our results demonstrate a clear possible route to the emergence of hierarchical color categories, confirming that the theoretical modeling in this area has now attained the required maturity to make significant contributions to the ongoing debates concerning language universals.
|
['Cognitive Science', 'Color', 'Cross-Cultural Comparison', 'Humans', 'Language', 'Models, Psychological', 'Terminology as Topic']
| 22,509,002
|
[['F04.096.628.255'], ['G01.590.540.199'], ['I01.076.201.450.281', 'I01.880.853.100.257'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.145.209.399', 'L01.559'], ['E05.599.695'], ['L01.559.598.400']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Micro-imaging of Brain Cancer Radiation Therapy Using Phase-contrast Computed Tomography.
|
PURPOSE: Experimental neuroimaging provides a wide range of methods for the visualization of brain anatomic morphology down to subcellular detail. Still, each technique-specific detection mechanism presents compromises among the achievable field-of-view size, spatial resolution, and nervous tissue sensitivity, leading to partial sample coverage, unresolved morphologic structures, or sparse labeling of neuronal populations and often also to obligatory sample dissection or other sample invasive manipulations. X-ray phase-contrast imaging computed tomography (PCI-CT) is an experimental imaging method that simultaneously provides micrometric spatial resolution, high soft-tissue sensitivity, and ex vivo full organ rodent brain coverage without any need for sample dissection, staining or labeling, or contrast agent injection. In the present study, we explored the benefits and limitations of PCI-CT use for in vitro imaging of normal and cancerous brain neuromorphology after in vivo treatment with synchrotron-generated x-ray microbeam radiation therapy (MRT), a spatially fractionated experimental high-dose radiosurgery. The goals were visualization of the MRT effects on nervous tissue and a qualitative comparison of the results to the histologic and high-field magnetic resonance imaging findings.METHODS AND MATERIALS: MRT was administered in vivo to the brain of both healthy and cancer-bearing rats. At 45 days after treatment, the brain was dissected out and imaged ex vivo using propagation-based PCI-CT.RESULTS: PCI-CT visualizes the brain anatomy and microvasculature in 3 dimensions and distinguishes cancerous tissue morphology, necrosis, and intratumor accumulation of iron and calcium deposits. Moreover, PCI-CT detects the effects of MRT throughout the treatment target areas (eg, the formation of micrometer-thick radiation-induced tissue ablation). The observed neurostructures were confirmed by histologic and immunohistochemistry examination and related to the micro-magnetic resonance imaging data.CONCLUSIONS: PCI-CT enabled a unique 3D neuroimaging approach for ex vivo studies on small animal models in that it concurrently delivers high-resolution insight of local brain tissue morphology in both normal and cancerous micro-milieu, localizes radiosurgical damage, and highlights the deep microvasculature. This method could assist experimental small animal neurology studies in the postmortem evaluation of neuropathology or treatment effects.
|
['Animals', 'Brain', 'Brain Neoplasms', 'Glioblastoma', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Microvessels', 'Neuroradiography', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred F344', 'X-Ray Microtomography']
| 29,976,510
|
[['B01.050'], ['A08.186.211'], ['C04.588.614.250.195', 'C10.228.140.211', 'C10.551.240.250'], ['C04.557.465.625.600.380.080.335', 'C04.557.470.670.380.080.335', 'C04.557.580.625.600.380.080.335'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['A07.015.461'], ['E01.370.350.578.937', 'E01.370.350.700.560', 'E01.370.376.537.750', 'E05.629.937'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760.200', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400.200'], ['E01.370.350.700.810.810.900', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810.900']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Effect of ozonated water on the surface roughness of dental stone casts.
|
Infection control of dental stone cast is an important issue. Ozone is effective for disinfection against microorganisms and inactivation of viruses. However, there is little information regarding the use of ozone. We prepared 4 types of gypsum specimens and 3 types of disinfectants (4-5 ppm Ozonated water [OZW], 2% glutaraldehyde [GL], and 1% sodium hypochlorite [SH]). Gypsum specimens were immersed in each disinfectant for 5 and 10 min, and surface roughness was then examined using laser scanning microscopy. Surface microstructure was investigated using scanning electron microscopy. Immersion of gypsum specimens in SH, GL, and OZW increased the surface roughness to a maximum of 1.04, 0.37, and 0.30 ìm, respectively, based on the difference between the average values of surface roughness before and after the disinfection procedure. The effects of OZW and GL were comparable. OZW is useful as a candidate for relatively safe disinfection of material for dental stone casts.
|
['Calcium Sulfate', 'Dental Casting Investment', 'Dental Disinfectants', 'Dental Impression Materials', 'Glutaral', 'Materials Testing', 'Microscopy, Electron, Scanning', 'Ozone', 'Sodium Hypochlorite', 'Surface Properties', 'Water']
| 29,848,854
|
[['D01.146.375', 'D01.578.215', 'D01.875.800.800.850.125'], ['D25.339.250', 'J01.637.051.339.250'], ['D27.505.954.122.425.300', 'D27.720.274.300'], ['D25.339.334', 'J01.637.051.339.334'], ['D02.047.532'], ['E05.570'], ['E01.370.350.515.402.541', 'E05.595.402.541'], ['D01.362.670.600'], ['D01.210.465.800', 'D01.650.550.400.800', 'D01.857.750'], ['G02.860'], ['D01.045.250.875', 'D01.248.497.158.459.650', 'D01.650.550.925']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
A simple method for clonal selection of hepatitis A virus based on recovery of virus from radioimmunofocus overlays.
|
Hepatitis A virus (HAV), a non-cytopathic picornavirus, has been quantitated in cell culture by autoradiographic detection of foci of viral replication developing beneath an agarose overlay following fixation and 'staining' of the cell sheet with radiolabelled antibody (radioimmunofocus assay). Using a modification of this basic technique, a clonal variant of HM-175 strain HAV was isolated from agarose overlying individual radioimmunofoci. Virus recovered from the agarose was amplified in small volume cultures of BS-C-1 cells and identified in supernatant culture fluids by cDNA-RNA hybridization. No virus was recovered from agarose which did not overlie a focus of viral replication. This method offers a simple, yet relatively rapid and certain means of selecting clonal variants of non-plaquing viruses such as hepatitis A virus.
|
['Animals', 'Autoradiography', 'Cell Line', 'Chlorocebus aethiops', 'DNA', 'DNA, Viral', 'Hepatovirus', 'Nucleic Acid Hybridization', 'RNA, Viral', 'Radioimmunoassay', 'Sepharose', 'Viral Plaque Assay', 'Virus Replication']
| 2,991,315
|
[['B01.050'], ['E01.370.225.750.132', 'E05.200.750.132', 'E05.799.256'], ['A11.251.210'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.199.120.126.110'], ['D13.444.308'], ['D13.444.308.568'], ['B04.450.420', 'B04.820.578.750.400'], ['E05.393.661', 'G02.111.611'], ['D13.444.735.828'], ['E01.370.384.700', 'E05.478.566.639', 'E05.601.470.639'], ['D09.698.813'], ['E01.370.225.875.970.790', 'E05.200.875.970.790'], ['G06.920.925']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Two distinct proton binding sites in the ATP synthase family.
|
The F1F0 ATP synthase utilizes energy stored in an electrochemical gradient of protons (or Na+ ions) across the membrane to synthesize ATP from ADP and phosphate. Current models predict that the protonation/deprotonation of specific acidic c ring residues is at the core of the proton translocation mechanism by this enzyme. To probe the mode of proton binding, we measured the covalent modification of the acidic c ring residues with the inhibitor dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCCD) over the pH range from 5 to 11. With the H+-translocating ATP synthase from the archaeum Halobacterium salinarium or the Na+-translocating ATP synthase from Ilyobacter tartaricus, the pH profile of DCCD labeling followed a titration curve with a pKa around neutral, reflecting protonation of the acidic c ring residues. However, with the ATP synthases from Escherichia coli, mitochondria, or chloroplasts, a clearly different, bell-shaped pH profile for DCCD labeling was observed which is not compatible with carboxylate protonation but might be explained by the coordination of a hydronium ion as proposed earlier [Boyer, P. D. (1988) Trends Biochem. Sci. 13, 5-7]. Upon site-directed mutagenesis of single binding site residues of the structurally resolved c ring, the sigmoidal pH profile for DCCD labeling could be converted to a more bell-shaped one, demonstrating that the different ion binding modes are based on subtle changes in the amino acid sequence of the protein. The concept of two different binding sites in the ATP synthase family is supported by the ATP hydrolysis pH profiles of the investigated enzymes.
|
['Adenosine Triphosphate', 'Animals', 'Bacterial Proton-Translocating ATPases', 'Binding Sites', 'Cattle', 'Cell Membrane', 'Chloroplasts', 'Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide', 'Escherichia coli', 'Fusobacteria', 'Gene Deletion', 'Halobacterium salinarum', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Hydrolysis', 'Mitochondria, Heart', 'Models, Biological', 'Mutation', 'Protein Binding', 'Protein Subunits', 'Protons', 'Recombinant Proteins', 'Rotation', 'Sodium', 'Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization', 'Spinacia oleracea', 'Substrate Specificity']
| 17,910,472
|
[['D03.633.100.759.646.138.236', 'D13.695.667.138.236', 'D13.695.827.068.236'], ['B01.050'], ['D08.811.277.040.025.325.249', 'D08.811.913.696.650.150.500.249', 'D12.776.097.130', 'D12.776.157.530.450.250.875.500.249', 'D12.776.543.585.450.250.875.500.249'], ['G02.111.570.120'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['A11.284.149'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.700.140'], ['D02.491.203.385'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['B03.370'], ['G05.365.590.762.320', 'G05.558.800.320'], ['B02.200.400.400.410.450'], ['G02.300'], ['G02.380'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.564.627.603', 'A11.284.835.626.627.603'], ['E05.599.395'], ['G05.365.590'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808'], ['D12.776.813'], ['D01.248.497.300.459.700', 'D01.268.406.750', 'D01.362.340.750', 'G01.249.660.500'], ['D12.776.828'], ['G01.482.703'], ['D01.268.549.750', 'D01.268.557.650', 'D01.552.528.850', 'D01.552.547.725'], ['E05.196.566.755'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.200.800'], ['G02.111.835']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Somatic DNA rearrangement generates functional rat immunoglobulin kappa chain genes: the J kappa gene cluster is longer in rat than in mouse.
|
The kappa immunoglobulin (Ig) genes from rat kidney and from rat myeloma cells were cloned and analyzed. In kidney DNA one C kappa species is observed by Southern blotting and cloning in phage vectors; this gene most likely represents the embryonic configuration. In the IR52 myeloma DNA two C kappa species are observed: one in the same configuration seen in kidney and one which has undergone a rearrangement. This somatic rearrangement has brought the expressed V region to within 2.7 kb 5' of the C kappa coding region; the rearrangement site is within the J kappa cluster which we have mapped. The rat somatic Ig rearrangement, therefore, closely resembles that seen in mouse Ig genes. In the rat embryonic fragment two J kappa segments were mapped at 2 and 4.3 kb 5' from the C kappa coding region. Therefore, the rat J kappa cluster extends over about 2.3 kb, a region much longer than the 1.4 kb of the mouse and human J kappa clusters. In the region between C kappa and the expressed J kappa of IR52 myeloma DNA, and XbaI site present in the embryonic kappa gene has been lost. A somatic mutation has therefore occurred in the intervening sequence DNA approx. 0.7 kb 3' from the V/J recombination site. Southern blots of rat kidney DNA hybridized with different rat V kappa probes showed non-overlapping sets of bands which correspond to different subgroups, each composed of 8-10 closely related V kappa genes.
|
['Animals', 'Base Sequence', 'Cell Line', 'Cloning, Molecular', 'DNA Restriction Enzymes', 'DNA, Recombinant', 'Genes', 'Immunoglobulin J-Chains', 'Immunoglobulin Light Chains', 'Immunoglobulin kappa-Chains', 'Kidney', 'Mutation', 'Neoplasms, Experimental', 'Nucleic Acid Hybridization', 'Plasmacytoma', 'Rats']
| 6,290,320
|
[['B01.050'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['A11.251.210'], ['E05.393.220'], ['D08.811.150.280', 'D08.811.277.352.335.350.300', 'D08.811.277.352.355.325.300'], ['D13.444.308.460'], ['G05.360.340.024.340'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.705.625', 'D12.776.124.790.651.705.625', 'D12.776.377.715.548.705.625'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.705.750', 'D12.776.124.790.651.705.750', 'D12.776.377.715.548.705.750'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.705.750.530', 'D12.776.124.790.651.705.750.530', 'D12.776.377.715.548.705.750.530'], ['A05.810.453'], ['G05.365.590'], ['C04.619', 'E05.598.500.496'], ['E05.393.661', 'G02.111.611'], ['C04.557.595.600', 'C20.683.515.880'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Psychological stress and cardiovascular disease: empirical demonstration of bias in a prospective observational study of Scottish men.
|
OBJECTIVES: To examine the association between self perceived psychological stress and cardiovascular disease in a population where stress was not associated with social disadvantage.DESIGN: Prospective observational study with follow up of 21 years and repeat screening of half the cohort 5 years from baseline. Measures included perceived psychological stress, coronary risk factors, self reported angina, and ischaemia detected by electrocardiography.SETTING: 27 workplaces in Scotland.PARTICIPANTS: 5606 men (mean age 48 years) at first screening and 2623 men at second screening with complete data on all measures.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Prevalence of angina and ischaemia at baseline, odds ratio for incident angina and ischaemia at second screening, rate ratios for cause specific hospital admission, and hazard ratios for cause specific mortality.RESULTS: Both prevalence and incidence of angina increased with increasing perceived stress (fully adjusted odds ratio for incident angina, high versus low stress 2.66, 95% confidence interval 1.61 to 4.41; P for trend <0.001). Prevalence and incidence of ischaemia showed weak trends in the opposite direction. High stress was associated with a higher rate of admissions to hospital generally and for admissions related to cardiovascular disease and psychiatric disorders (fully adjusted rate ratios for any general hospital admission 1.13, 1.01 to 1.27, cardiovascular disease 1.20, 1.00 to 1.45, and psychiatric disorders 2.34, 1.41 to 3.91). High stress was not associated with increased admission for coronary heart disease (1.00, 0.76-1.32) and showed an inverse relation with all cause mortality, mortality from cardiovascular disease, and mortality from coronary heart disease, that was attenuated by adjustment for occupational class (fully adjusted hazard ratio for all cause mortality 0.94, 0.81 to 1.11, cardiovascular mortality 0.91, 0.78 to 1.06, and mortality from coronary heart disease 0.98, 0.75 to 1.27).CONCLUSIONS: The relation between higher stress, angina, and some categories of hospital admissions probably resulted from the tendency of participants reporting higher stress to also report more symptoms. The lack of a corresponding relation with objective indices of heart disease suggests that these symptoms did not reflect physical disease. The data suggest that associations between psychosocial measures and disease outcomes reported from some other studies may be spurious.
|
['Adult', 'Age Factors', 'Angina Pectoris', 'Bias', 'Cardiovascular Diseases', 'Evidence-Based Medicine', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Hospitalization', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Myocardial Ischemia', 'Odds Ratio', 'Proportional Hazards Models', 'Prospective Studies', 'Risk Factors', 'Social Class', 'Stress, Psychological']
| 12,028,978
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['C14.280.647.187', 'C14.907.585.187', 'C23.888.592.612.233.500'], ['N05.715.350.150', 'N06.850.490.500'], ['C14'], ['H02.249.750', 'H02.403.200.400'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['E02.760.400', 'N02.421.585.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C14.280.647', 'C14.907.585'], ['E05.318.740.600.600', 'G17.680.500', 'N05.715.360.750.625.590', 'N06.850.520.830.600.600'], ['E05.318.740.500.700', 'E05.318.740.600.700', 'E05.318.740.750.725', 'E05.318.740.998.825', 'E05.599.835.900', 'N05.715.360.750.530.650', 'N05.715.360.750.625.650', 'N05.715.360.750.695.650', 'N05.715.360.750.795.825', 'N06.850.520.830.500.700', 'N06.850.520.830.600.700', 'N06.850.520.830.750.725', 'N06.850.520.830.998.912'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['I01.880.853.996.755', 'N01.824.782'], ['F01.145.126.990', 'F02.830.900']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Influence of cation binding on the electro-optically determined electric moments of purple membranes.
|
Analysis of the electro-optically determined permanent dipole moment and electric polarizability of purple membrane fragments reveals the complex nature of the membrane electric moments. The problem to distinguish between the contribution of the membrane structural charges (charged groups of the polypeptide chain and polar lipid headgroups), bound cations and the electric double layer structure deserves particular attention not only because of its importance for electro-optics but also in respect to the relation of the membrane surface electric properties to the membrane transport function. The removal of divalent cations (Ca2+ and Mg2+) bound to purple membrane in the native state induces a cation-free species of purple membrane (deionized--blue membrane) with drastically changed spectroscopic properties and function. The present paper summarizes our study on the electric moments of blue membrane and their changes during the blue to purple transition. We intended to provide an insight into the possible regulation of this reversible transition (purple-to-blue and blue-to-purple) through changes of the asymmetric charge distribution and the importance of the asymmetric interfacial charge distribution for the proton transfer in purple membranes. The changes in the electric moments (permanent and induced dipole moments) of purple membrane fragments upon di- and trivalent cations binding to cation-depleted purple membranes were studied by electric light scattering (rotational electrokinetics) in d.c. and a.c. electric fields, and by electric pulses with reversing polarity. The results show a recovery of the membrane charge asymmetry (permanent dipole moment) though not of the induced dipole moment.
|
['Bacteriorhodopsins', 'Cations', 'Electromagnetic Fields', 'Light', 'Membrane Potentials', 'Scattering, Radiation']
| 1,575,932
|
[['D12.776.090.200', 'D12.776.157.530.450.250.875.249', 'D12.776.543.585.450.250.875.249', 'D12.776.752.812.249'], ['D01.248.497.300'], ['G01.358.500.260', 'G01.358.750.500'], ['G01.358.500.505.650', 'G01.590.540', 'G01.750.250.650', 'G01.750.770.578'], ['G01.154.535', 'G04.580', 'G07.265.675', 'G11.561.570'], ['E05.196.822', 'G01.867']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Decreased cell proliferation and altered cytokine production in frail older adults.
|
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Frailty is a geriatric syndrome that predicts increased morbidity and mortality. In order to investigate specific immune system modulations that may contribute to frailty, eleven age- and sex-matched pairs of community-dwelling frail and non-frail older adults were identified.METHODS: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were isolated and PBMC proliferation and production of IL-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, and IL-10 in the presence and absence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were examined.RESULTS: We found that frail subjects had a significantly lower LPS-induced PBMC proliferation ratio compared with non-frail subjects (2.1+/-0.9 vs 3.11+/-1.9, p<0.03). In addition, frail subjects had higher IL-6 production by PBMC at 48 hours after LPS stimulation (35678+/-15637 vs 25178+/-6342 pg/mL, p<0.03). No significant differences were observed in TNF-alpha, and IL-10 production between groups.CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that, compared with non-frail controls, frail older adults have both decreased LPS-induced proliferation and increased IL-6 production by PBMC.
|
['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Aging', 'Cell Division', 'Female', 'Frail Elderly', 'Humans', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Interleukin-10', 'Interleukin-6', 'Leukocytes, Mononuclear', 'Lipopolysaccharides', 'Male', 'Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha']
| 15,462,470
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['G07.345.124'], ['G04.144.220', 'G04.161.750.500', 'G05.113', 'G07.345.249.410.750.500'], ['M01.060.116.100.540'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.481'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.510', 'D12.776.467.374.465.510', 'D23.529.374.465.510'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.224', 'D12.776.467.374.465.202', 'D23.529.374.465.224'], ['A11.118.637.555', 'A15.145.229.637.555', 'A15.382.490.555'], ['D09.400.500', 'D09.698.718.450', 'D10.494', 'D23.050.161.616.525', 'D23.946.123.329.500'], ['D12.644.276.374.500.800', 'D12.644.276.374.750.626', 'D12.776.124.900', 'D12.776.395.930', 'D12.776.467.374.500.800', 'D12.776.467.374.750.626', 'D23.529.374.500.800', 'D23.529.374.750.626']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Integrated platform for genome-wide screening and construction of high-density genetic interaction maps in mammalian cells.
|
A major challenge of the postgenomic era is to understand how human genes function together in normal and disease states. In microorganisms, high-density genetic interaction (GI) maps are a powerful tool to elucidate gene functions and pathways. We have developed an integrated methodology based on pooled shRNA screening in mammalian cells for genome-wide identification of genes with relevant phenotypes and systematic mapping of all GIs among them. We recently demonstrated the potential of this approach in an application to pathways controlling the susceptibility of human cells to the toxin ricin. Here we present the complete quantitative framework underlying our strategy, including experimental design, derivation of quantitative phenotypes from pooled screens, robust identification of hit genes using ultra-complex shRNA libraries, parallel measurement of tens of thousands of GIs from a single double-shRNA experiment, and construction of GI maps. We describe the general applicability of our strategy. Our pooled approach enables rapid screening of the same shRNA library in different cell lines and under different conditions to determine a range of different phenotypes. We illustrate this strategy here for single- and double-shRNA libraries. We compare the roles of genes for susceptibility to ricin and Shiga toxin in different human cell lines and reveal both toxin-specific and cell line-specific pathways. We also present GI maps based on growth and ricin-resistance phenotypes, and we demonstrate how such a comparative GI mapping strategy enables functional dissection of physical complexes and context-dependent pathways.
|
['Animals', 'B-Lymphocytes', 'Chromosome Mapping', 'Epistasis, Genetic', 'Genome-Wide Association Study', 'Genomic Library', 'HeLa Cells', 'Humans', 'K562 Cells', 'Lymphoma', 'Mammals', 'Models, Genetic', 'Phenotype', 'RNA, Small Interfering']
| 23,739,767
|
[['B01.050'], ['A11.063.438', 'A11.118.637.555.567.562', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.562', 'A15.382.032.438', 'A15.382.490.555.567.562'], ['E05.393.183'], ['G05.308.207'], ['E05.318.370.392', 'E05.318.416.249', 'E05.393.385.500', 'E05.393.522.500', 'E05.393.760.640.500', 'N06.850.520.445.392', 'N06.850.520.470.500'], ['G05.360.325.425', 'G05.360.340.425'], ['A11.251.210.190.400', 'A11.251.860.180.400', 'A11.436.340'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A11.251.210.190.510', 'A11.251.860.180.510', 'A11.443.240.497.480'], ['C04.557.386', 'C15.604.515.569', 'C20.683.515.761'], ['B01.050.150.900.649'], ['E05.599.395.397'], ['G05.695'], ['D13.150.650.700', 'D13.444.735.150.700', 'D13.444.735.790.552.875']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Resuscitation. Nurses' skills in basic life support: a survey.
|
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) skills are fundamental to the function of health professionals, but studies have shown them to be inadequate and outdated. This week, Nursing Standard launches a three-part weekly series on resuscitation. Parts two and three will address the associated ethical issues and measures of outcomes and accountability. The series begins with a survey in a district general hospital which aimed to establish nurses' levels of awareness on the current recommendations for CPR laid down by the Resuscitation Council of the UK. The results show a poor knowledge level and recommendations are offered.
|
['Adult', 'Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation', 'Education, Nursing, Continuing', 'Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice', 'Heart Arrest', 'Humans', 'Inservice Training', 'Middle Aged', 'Nursing Staff, Hospital', 'Surveys and Questionnaires']
| 8,452,801
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E02.365.647.110'], ['I02.358.212.450', 'I02.358.462.399'], ['F01.100.150.500', 'N05.300.150.410'], ['C14.280.383'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['I02.574'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['M01.526.485.680.490', 'M01.526.485.740.523', 'N02.360.680.490', 'N02.360.740.523'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Damage mechanisms in uniaxial compression of single enamel rods.
|
Enamel possesses a complex hierarchical structure, which bestows this tissue with unique mechanical properties. In this study, the mechanical behavior of single enamel rods was investigated under uniaxial compression. Numerical simulations were also performed using micromechanics models for individual enamel rods to identify the damage mechanisms contributing to the constitutive behavior. Experimental results showed that the single rods exhibited an elastic modulus ranging from 10~31 GPa, and that they undergo post-yield strain-hardening. The primary damage mode consisted of delamination within the assembly of mineral crystals. Results from numerical simulations suggest that strain localization within individual rods is responsible for the observed delamination, which is believed to arise from the non-uniform arrangement of mineral crystals. This mechanism was independent of mineral morphology and properties. The non-uniform crystal arrangement results in friction between crystals with different inclination angles and is believed to be responsible for the post-yield strain hardening behavior.
|
['Biomechanical Phenomena', 'Compressive Strength', 'Dental Enamel', 'Elastic Modulus', 'Humans', 'Models, Biological', 'Stress, Mechanical']
| 25,460,920
|
[['G01.154.090', 'G01.374.089'], ['G01.374.180'], ['A14.549.167.900.255'], ['G01.374.590.605'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.599.395'], ['G01.374.835']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
VLA-2 (alpha2beta1) integrin promotes rotavirus entry into cells but is not necessary for rotavirus attachment.
|
In an attempt to identify the rotavirus receptor, we tested 46 cell lines of different species and tissue origins for susceptibility to infection by three N-acetyl-neuraminic (sialic) acid (SA)-dependent and five SA-independent rotavirus strains. Susceptibility to SA-dependent or SA-independent rotavirus infection varied depending on the cell line tested and the multiplicity of infection (MOI) used. Cells of renal or intestinal origin and transformed cell lines derived from breast, stomach, bone, or lung were all susceptible to rotavirus infection, indicating a wider host tissue range than previously appreciated. Chinese hamster ovary (CHO), baby hamster kidney (BHK-21), guinea pig colon (GPC-16), rat small intestine (Rie1), and mouse duodenum (MODE-K) cells were found to support only limited rotavirus replication even at MOIs of 100 or 500, but delivery of rotavirus particles into the cytoplasm by lipofection resulted in efficient rotavirus replication. The rotavirus cell attachment protein, the outer capsid spike protein VP4, contains the sequence GDE(A) recognized by the VLA-2 (alpha2beta1) integrin, and to test if VLA-2 is involved in rotavirus attachment and entry, we measured infection in CHO cells that lack VLA-2 and CHO cells transfected with the human alpha2 subunit (CHOalpha2) or with both the human alpha2 and beta1 subunits (CHOalpha2beta1) of VLA-2. Infection by SA-dependent or SA-independent rotavirus strains was 2- to 10-fold more productive in VLA-2-expressing CHO cells than in parental CHO cells, and the increased susceptibility to infection was blocked with anti-VLA-2 antibody. However, the levels of binding of rotavirus to CHO, CHOalpha2, and CHOalpha2beta1 cells were equivalent and were not increased over binding to susceptible monkey kidney (MA104) cells or human colonic adenocarcinoma (Caco-2, HT-29, and T-84) cells, and binding was not blocked by antibody to the human alpha2 subunit. Although the VLA-2 integrin promotes rotavirus infection in CHO cells, it is clear that the VLA-2 integrin alone is not responsible for rotavirus cell attachment and entry. Therefore, VLA-2 is not involved in the initial attachment of rotavirus to cells but may play a role at a postattachment level.
|
['Animals', 'Antibodies, Monoclonal', 'Antigens, CD', 'CHO Cells', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Cricetinae', 'Humans', 'Integrin alpha2', 'Integrin alpha4beta1', 'Integrin beta1', 'Integrins', 'Mice', 'Neuraminidase', 'Rats', 'Receptors, Collagen', 'Receptors, Lymphocyte Homing', 'Rotavirus', 'Sialic Acids', 'Transfection']
| 11,773,387
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224'], ['D23.050.301.264.035', 'D23.101.100.110'], ['A11.251.210.200', 'A11.436.155'], ['A11.251'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.075.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.408.100.350'], ['D12.776.395.550.200.625.347', 'D12.776.543.550.200.625.347', 'D12.776.543.750.705.408.530.500', 'D12.776.543.750.705.408.850.299', 'D12.776.543.750.705.877.347', 'D23.050.301.350.625.347'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.408.200.500'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.408'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['D08.811.277.450.692'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['D12.776.543.750.685'], ['D12.776.395.550.200.625', 'D12.776.543.550.200.625', 'D12.776.543.750.705.877', 'D23.050.301.350.625'], ['B04.820.223.719.790'], ['D02.241.081.844.562.668', 'D02.241.511.902.562.668', 'D09.067.687.668', 'D09.811.589.668'], ['E05.393.350.810', 'G05.728.860']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
DHT in prostate cancer tissue--a guide to management and therapy.
|
In 24 untreated stage D2 prostate cancer patients with prostate DHT levels greater than 2.5 ng/g, 20 initially responded to therapy with partial objective progression (POR) or were objectively stable (OS) for 12 or more months while four patients relapsed in less than 1 year. Of eight patients with prostate DHT levels less than 2.0 ng/g, five had either objective progression or were objectively stable for 6 months or less; two other patients have completed remissions ranging from 16 to 24 months while one patient remains objectively stable for 21 months to date. DHT concentrations were also measured in prostate tissue of patients with advanced prostate cancer in relapse following either DES or castration with or without estrogen therapy. Although castration, medical or surgical, usually leads to DHT concentrations of less than 2.4 ng/g, two out of 20 surgical castrates and four out of nine estrogen-treated patients had values above this level. These differences suggest that (1) increased tissue DHT levels of DES-treated patients may be due to inadequate dosage or decreased compliance, and (2) increased tissue DHT concentrations greater than 2.4 ng/g in castrates suggests an adrenal cortical androgen contribution to the prostate DHT level. These studies suggest that DHT measurements in prostate cancer tissue are of value in predicting response in untreated prostate cancer patients and of directing therapy in patients who are in relapse after orchiectomy or estrogen therapy.
|
['Castration', 'Diethylstilbestrol', 'Dihydrotestosterone', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Megestrol', 'Megestrol Acetate', 'Prognosis', 'Prostatic Neoplasms']
| 3,969,370
|
[['E04.270.282', 'E04.950.165'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.150.700.725.500'], ['D04.210.500.054.040.248', 'D06.472.334.851.968.964'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D04.210.500.745.432.531'], ['D04.210.500.745.432.531.500'], ['E01.789'], ['C04.588.945.440.770', 'C12.294.260.750', 'C12.294.565.625', 'C12.758.409.750']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Cloning and expression of Drosophila melanogaster UDP-GlcNAc:alpha-3-D-mannoside beta1,2-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase I.
|
A TBLASTN search of the Drosophila melanogaster expressed sequence tag (EST) database with the amino acid sequence of human UDP-N-acetylglucosamine:alpha-3-D-mannoside beta-1,2-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase I (GnT I, EC 2.4.1.101) as probe yielded a clone (GM01211) with 56% identity over 36 carboxy-terminal amino acids. A 550 base pair (bp) probe derived from the EST clone was used to screen a Drosophila cDNA library in lambda-ZAP II and two cDNAs lacking a start ATG codon were obtained. 5'-Rapid amplification of cDNA ends (5'-RACE) yielded a 2828 bp cDNA containing a full-length 1368 bp open reading frame encoding a 456 amino acid protein with putative N-terminal cytoplasmic (5 residues) and hydrophobic transmembrane (20 residues) domains. The protein showed 52% amino acid sequence identity to human GnT I. This cDNA, truncated to remove the N-terminal hydrophobic domain, was expressed in the baculovirus/Sf9 system as a secreted protein containing an N-terminal (His)6 tag. Protein purified by adsorption to and elution from nickel beads converted Man alpha1-6(Man alpha1-3)Man beta-octyl (M3-octyl) to Man alpha1-6(GlcNAc beta1-2Man alpha1-3)Man beta-octyl. The Km values (0.7 and 0.03 mM for M3-octyl and UDP-GlcNAc respectively), temperature optimum (37 degrees C), pH optimum (pH 5 to 6) and divalent cation requirements (Mn > Fe, Mg, Ni > Ba, Ca, Cd, Cu) were similar to mammalian GnT I. TBLASTN searches of the Berkeley Drosophila Genome Project database with the Drosophila GnT I cDNA sequence as probe allowed localization of the gene to chromosomal region 2R; 57A9. Comparison of the cDNA and genomic DNA sequences allowed the assignment of seven exons and six introns; all introns showed GT-AG splice site consensus sequences. This is the first insect GnT I gene to be cloned and expressed.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Animals', 'Baculoviridae', 'Base Sequence', 'Carbohydrate Sequence', 'Cloning, Molecular', 'Drosophila melanogaster', 'Insect Proteins', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferases', 'Sequence Homology, Amino Acid']
| 11,308,019
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['B01.050'], ['B04.280.065', 'B04.525.100'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['G02.111.570.160', 'L01.453.245.667.160'], ['E05.393.220'], ['B01.050.500.131.617.720.500.500.750.310.250.500'], ['D12.776.093.500'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['D08.811.913.400.100.250'], ['G02.111.810.200', 'G05.810.200']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Free-flow electrophoretic analysis of endosome subpopulations of rat hepatocytes.
|
The separation of functional early and late endosomes from other cellular compartments by free-flow electrophoresis (FFE) has been previously demonstrated in nonpolarized cells. Here, using 125I-labeled anti-secretory component antibodies ([125I]SC Ab) and FITC-labeled asialoorosomucoid (FITC-ASOR) as markers of the transcytotic and lysosomal pathway, respectively, we demonstrate the separation of three distinct endosome subpopulations from polarized rat hepatocytes. Internalization of both markers at 16 degrees C resulted in their accumulation in a common endosome compartment, indicating that both the transcytotic and the lysosomal pathways are arrested in the sorting early endosome at temperatures below 20 degrees C. After chase of the markers from early endosomes into the transcytotic or the degradative route at 37 degrees C, transcytotic endosomes carrying [125I]SC Ab migrated with an electrophoretic motility between early and late endosomes while late endosomes labeled with FITC-ASOR were deflected more towards the anode than early endosomes. These data indicate that in rat hepatocytes, the transcytotic and lysosomal pathways utilize a common (i.e. early endosomes) and two distinct endosome subpopulations (i.e. transcytotic endosomes, late endosomes) prior to delivering proteins for biliary secretion or lysosomal degradation, respectively.
|
['Animals', 'Antibodies', 'Asialoglycoproteins', 'Cell Membrane', 'Cold Temperature', 'Electrophoresis', 'Endocytosis', 'Endosomes', 'Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate', 'Fluorescent Dyes', 'Iodine Radioisotopes', 'Liver', 'Lysosomes', 'Male', 'Orosomucoid', 'Perfusion', 'Rats', 'Secretory Component', 'Temperature']
| 9,527,479
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114'], ['D12.776.395.140'], ['A11.284.149'], ['G01.906.595.272', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710.300', 'G16.500.750.775.710.300', 'N06.230.300.100.725.154', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710.300'], ['E05.196.401', 'E05.301.300'], ['G04.417'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.190.880.337'], ['D02.455.426.779.347.400', 'D02.500.375.250', 'D02.886.250.250', 'D03.633.300.953.275.400', 'D04.711.347.400'], ['D27.720.233.348', 'D27.720.470.410.505.500'], ['D01.268.380.400.500.496', 'D01.496.448.496', 'D01.496.749.474'], ['A03.620'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.190.550'], ['D12.776.124.050.600', 'D12.776.124.790.106.640', 'D12.776.377.715.085.640', 'D12.776.395.560.742'], ['E05.680'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.619.026.030.500', 'D12.776.124.486.485.705.875', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.619.026.030.500', 'D12.776.124.790.651.705.875', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.619.026.030.500', 'D12.776.377.715.548.705.875'], ['G01.906.595', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710', 'G16.500.750.775.710', 'N06.230.150.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Conceptualizing disability in US national surveys: application of the World Health Organization's (WHO) International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) framework.
|
PURPOSE: Disability data inform resource allocation and utilization, characterize functioning and changes over time, and provide a mechanism to monitor progress toward promoting and protecting the rights of individuals with disability. Data collection efforts, however, define and measure disability in varied ways. Our objective was to see how the content of disability measures differed in five US national surveys and over time.METHODS: Using the WHO ICF as a conceptual framework for measuring disability, we assessed the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), Current Population Survey (CPS), Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP), National Survey of SSI Children and Families (NSCF), and American Community Survey (ACS) for their content coverage of disability relative to each of the four ICF components (i.e., body functions, body structures, activities and participation, and environment). We used second-level ICF three-digit codes to classify question content into categories within each ICF component and computed the proportion of categories within each ICF component that was represented in the questions selected from these five surveys.RESULTS: The disability measures varied across surveys and years. The NHIS captured a greater proportion of the ICF body functions and body structures components than did other surveys. The SIPP captured the most content of the ICF activities and participation component, and the NSCF contained the most content of the ICF environmental factors component.CONCLUSIONS: This research successfully illustrated demonstrated the utility of the ICF in examining the content of disability measures in five national surveys and over time.
|
['Child', 'Concept Formation', 'Data Collection', 'Disability Evaluation', 'Disabled Persons', 'Humans', 'International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health', 'Quality of Life', 'World Health Organization']
| 24,948,041
|
[['M01.060.406'], ['F02.463.785.233'], ['E05.318.308', 'L01.399.250', 'N05.715.360.300', 'N06.850.520.308'], ['E01.370.400'], ['M01.150'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.453.245.945.450'], ['I01.800', 'K01.752.400.750', 'N06.850.505.400.425.837'], ['N03.540.514.718.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Humanities [K]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Synthesis of substituted stilbenes via the Knoevenagel condensation.
|
Knoevenagel condensations between aldehydes and substrates containing active methylene groups were carried out in ethanol at room temperature, in the presence of potassium phosphate, to afford unsymmetrical olefins. These condensations have been shown to afford only the E-isomers in greater than 80% yields. Salicylaldehyde first produces the Knoevenagel condensation products, which undergo a subsequent heterocyclization to give coumarin derivatives. The structures of the synthesized compounds were established on the basis of UV, IR, MS and NMR spectroscopy.
|
['Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy', 'Mass Spectrometry', 'Models, Chemical', 'Spectrophotometry, Infrared', 'Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet', 'Stilbenes']
| 18,007,467
|
[['E05.196.867.519'], ['E05.196.566'], ['E05.599.495'], ['E05.196.712.726.676', 'E05.196.867.826.676'], ['E05.196.712.726.802', 'E05.196.867.826.802'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.150.700']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Primary stent angioplasty of the inferior vena cava after liver transplantation and liver resection.
|
PURPOSE: This study evaluated technical efficacy and safety of stent angioplasty of the inferior vena cava (IVC) after liver transplantation or liver resection and analysis of changes in creatinine levels and patients' weight.METHODS: Between October 2004 and February 2011, 16 patients (mean age, 52.6 years) with symptomatic IVC stenoses after liver transplantation (n = 10) or liver resection (n = 6) were subjected to stent angioplasty. Enrollment criteria included edema and/or ascites. The smallest diameter of the IVC, serum creatinine values, and patients' weight were assessed before and after stent placement and respective values were compared. Technical and clinical success, patency rates, related complications, and patients' survival were analyzed.RESULTS: Stent placement was technically successful in 16 patients (100 %). Clinical success was achieved in 13 patients (81.25 %), reflecting two patients with early restenosis and one patient suffering from thrombosis distal to the stent. Mean follow-up was 372 days. Primary patencies were 75 % (n = 12). Primary assisted patencies were 93.75 % (n = 15). Serum creatinine levels decreased significantly (p = 0.01) from 1.68 mg/dl before to 1.08 mg/dl after stent placement. Patients' weight decreased (mean 2.1 %). No angioplasty-related complications occurred.CONCLUSIONS: Stent angioplasty of the IVC is an effective and safe treatment of stenoses after liver transplantation and resection and has a positive effect on creatinine levels.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Angioplasty', 'Body Weight', 'Child', 'Constriction, Pathologic', 'Creatinine', 'Diagnostic Imaging', 'Female', 'Hepatectomy', 'Humans', 'Liver Diseases', 'Liver Transplantation', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Stents', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Vascular Patency', 'Vena Cava, Inferior']
| 24,091,757
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E02.148.050', 'E04.100.814.529.124', 'E04.502.382.124', 'E05.157.016'], ['C23.888.144', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120', 'E05.041.124.160.750', 'G07.100.100.160.120', 'G07.345.249.314.120'], ['M01.060.406'], ['C23.300.287'], ['D03.383.129.308.207'], ['E01.370.350'], ['E04.210.556'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C06.552'], ['E02.095.147.725.490', 'E04.210.650', 'E04.936.450.490', 'E04.936.580.490'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C23.550.767'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E07.695.750'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['G09.330.920'], ['A07.015.908.949.648']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
A further family with congenital renal proximal tubular dysgenesis.
|
A new syndrome of oligohydramnios, Potter's syndrome, and anuric renal failure leading to stillbirth or neonatal death from respiratory failure has recently been described. Histologically, there is renal tubular dysgenesis, especially of the proximal tubules, and apparent glomerular crowding. To date, five families have been reported, in four of which there have been affected sibs and in two parental consanguinity. The disorder is, therefore, thought to be inherited in an autosomal recessive manner.
|
['Adult', 'Anuria', 'Consanguinity', 'Female', 'Fetal Death', 'Genes, Recessive', 'Humans', 'Kidney Tubules, Proximal', 'Male', 'Pedigree', 'Pregnancy', 'Syndrome']
| 2,359,105
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['C12.777.419.078', 'C12.777.934.141', 'C13.351.968.419.078', 'C13.351.968.934.070'], ['G05.090.403.180', 'G05.180'], ['C13.703.223', 'C23.550.260.585'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.415', 'G05.420.325'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A05.810.453.736.560.570'], ['E05.393.673'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['C23.550.288.500']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Repair of spondylolytic defect with a cable screw reconstruction.
|
We present the clinical and radiological results of surgical repair for refractory spondylolysis in 20 patients at a minimum follow-up of 2 years. Seventeen of them were reassessed after 5 years. The Oswestry scores revealed good to excellent results in 90% (18/20 patients), indicating a good outcome with surgical repair using two techniques: the Scott procedure or pedicle screw and wire technique. Radiological pseudarthosis was 10%, which was quite consistent with reported series. CT scanning of the 14 patients after a mean of 13 months revealed complete healing of the fracture in 7 patients, partial in 2 and frank non-union in 5. Overall, CT examination with reversed gantry showed only 7/14 (50%) healing, indicating that radiological healing on plain X-ray is not always suggestive of complete bony healing. However, CT healing is not a sine qua non of good to excellent clinical outcome.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Biomechanical Phenomena', 'Bone Screws', 'Bone Wires', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Spinal Fusion', 'Spondylolysis', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 17,431,623
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['G01.154.090', 'G01.374.089'], ['E07.695.370.437', 'E07.858.442.660.460.437', 'E07.858.690.725.460.437'], ['E07.695.370.468', 'E07.858.442.660.460.468', 'E07.858.690.725.460.468'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E04.555.100.700'], ['C05.116.900.938.500'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Force transmission through the distal ulna: effect of ulnar variance, lunate fossa angulation, and radial and palmar tilt of the distal radius.
|
The relationship between the amount of force transmitted through the distal ulna and seven radiologically apparent anatomic parameters (ulnar variance, radial tilt, palmar tilt, lunate fossa angulation, carpal height, carpal ulnar distance, and ulnar head inclination) was examined in 58 fresh cadaver forearms. A positive, although very weak, relationship was found between the amount of force and the ulnar variance (r = 0.44). This suggests that a clinically more positive ulnar variant wrist will not necessarily cause more force to be transmitted to the head of the ulna than a wrist with a more negative ulnar variance, primarily because the triangular fibro-cartilage complex is thicker in arms with a more negative ulnar variance. Changes in ulnar variance of a forearm due to ulnar lengthening or radial shortening do, however, dramatically alter the force transmission. No other relationships were found between the ulnar force and the other radiologic parameters.
|
['Analysis of Variance', 'Cadaver', 'Carpal Bones', 'Humans', 'Radius', 'Range of Motion, Articular', 'Regression Analysis', 'Ulna', 'Wrist Joint']
| 1,613,214
|
[['E05.318.740.150', 'N05.715.360.750.125', 'N06.850.520.830.150'], ['C23.550.260.224'], ['A02.835.232.087.319.150'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A02.835.232.087.090.700'], ['E01.370.600.700', 'G11.427.760'], ['E05.318.740.750', 'N05.715.360.750.695', 'N06.850.520.830.750'], ['A02.835.232.087.090.850'], ['A02.835.583.405.930']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
What do all personality disorders have in common? Ineffectiveness and uncooperativeness.
|
We still lack operative and theoretically founded definitions of what a personality disorder (PD) is, as well as empirically validated and feasible instruments to measure the disorder construct. The Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) is the only personality instrument that explicitly distinguishes personality style and disordered functioning. Here, we seek to (1) confirm in a clinical sample that the character dimensions of the TCI capture a general construct of PD across all specific PD subtypes, (2) determine whether such core features can be used to detect the presence of PD, and (3) analyze whether such detection is affected by the presence and severity of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) Axis I symptoms. Two hundred five anxious/depressed outpatients were evaluated with the Structural Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I and II Disorders. Assessment also included the TCI, the Hamilton rating scales for depression and anxiety, and the Panic and Agoraphobia Scale. Sixty-one patients (29.8%) were diagnosed as having a DSM-IV PD. Self-directedness and Cooperativeness, but no other TCI dimensions, predicted the presence of PD (Nagelkerke R(2) = 0.35-0.45) and had a moderate diagnostic utility (kappa = 0.47-0.58) when Axis I symptoms were absent or mild. However, accuracy decreased in anxious or depressed patients. Our study supports the hypothesis of a disorder construct that is not related to the intensity of any specific PD subtype but which is common to all PDs. This construct relies largely on internal representations of the self revealing ineffectiveness and uncooperativeness.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Character', 'Comorbidity', 'Cooperative Behavior', 'Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Mental Disorders', 'Middle Aged', 'Models, Psychological', 'Personality Disorders', 'Personality Inventory', 'Self Concept', 'Spain', 'Temperament']
| 18,970,905
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['F01.752.190'], ['N05.715.350.225', 'N06.850.490.687'], ['F01.145.813.115'], ['L01.453.245.945.200'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F03'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.599.695'], ['F03.675'], ['F04.711.647.513'], ['F01.752.747.792'], ['Z01.542.846'], ['F01.752.898']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Effects of low lead exposure on neuro-behavioral function in the rat.
|
Small doses (45-180 micrograms/g) of lead acetate were administered to male rats by gavage every day during the first 3 wk of life. A blood concentration of approximately 59 micrograms/100 ml blood produced signs of disturbances in reflex development and some changes in emotional behavior. Larger doses resulted in subtle changes in the neuromotor coordination function. The effect of low levels of lead exposure on the cognitive function in operant conditioning could not clearly be observed. Brain lead concentration tended to be higher than in other tissues examined. At approximately 10 months following cessation of lead acetate administration, the brain lead concentration had decreased to almost the same level found in control rats, and no distinguishable differences were observed between the lead-treated rats and controls in emotional behavior and neuromotor coordination.
|
['Animals', 'Behavior', 'Blinking', 'Conditioning, Operant', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Lead', 'Male', 'Motor Activity', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Strains', 'Reflex']
| 6,830,315
|
[['B01.050'], ['F01.145'], ['G11.561.731.127', 'G14.152'], ['F02.463.425.179.509'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['D01.268.556.435', 'D01.552.544.435'], ['F01.145.632', 'G11.427.410.698'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400'], ['E01.370.376.550.650', 'E01.370.600.550.650', 'F02.830.702', 'G11.561.731']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Infected mucous cyst of the finger.
|
The potentially serious complication of septic arthritis of the distal interphalangeal joint of the finger secondary to an infected mucous cyst is documented with a report of four cases seen within the past 6 years. Debridement, open packing, and antibiotic therapy resulted in satisfactory control of the infection in these cases. This report provides additional basis for prophylactic extirpation of mucous cyst of the the finger.
|
['Aged', 'Anti-Bacterial Agents', 'Arthritis, Infectious', 'Debridement', 'Female', 'Finger Joint', 'Humans', 'Mucocele']
| 6,715,835
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['D27.505.954.122.085'], ['C01.100', 'C05.550.114.099'], ['E04.176'], ['A02.835.583.405.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.182.511']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Pilot study of the use of the ECFMG clinical competence assessment to provide profiles of clinical competencies of graduates of foreign medical schools for residency directors. Educational Commission for Foreign Medical Graduates.
|
PURPOSE: To conduct the first of a series of pilot projects of the clinical competence assessment (CCA) of the Educational Commission for Foreign Medical Graduates (ECFMG) in order to provide profiles of clinical competencies of graduates of foreign medical schools for residency directors in the United States and for governments and institutions in other countries.METHOD AND RESULTS: In September 1992 the first pilot project of the ECFMG CCA was conducted for a program director who wanted to evaluate ten first-year residents in a midwestern U.S. program. The CCA consists of integrated clinical encounters with ten standardized patients, 60 laser videodisc pictorials, and analysis of test items of previously completed ECFMG certification examinations. Profiles of the following clinical competencies were provided to the program director: data gathering (history and physical examination), interviewing and interpersonal skills, diagnosis and management skills, interpretation of diagnostic and laboratory procedures, written communication of information to the health care team, and spoken-English proficiency. The profiles were provided as individual scores compared with mean scores of a reference group of 525 first-year residents who took the CCA at four U.S. assessment centers, and as percentile scores with a range of one standard error of measurement.CONCLUSION: The individual performance data in this first pilot project were valuable to the program director, who used them to supplement scores on a written examination during the first residency year. The pilot project has shown the ECFMG CCA to be a useful tool for program directors to evaluate applicants and residents who are graduates of foreign medical schools.
|
['Clinical Competence', 'Educational Measurement', 'Foreign Medical Graduates', 'Humans', 'Internship and Residency', 'Physician Executives', 'Pilot Projects']
| 8,286,005
|
[['I02.399.630.210', 'N04.761.210', 'N05.715.175'], ['I02.399'], ['M01.526.407.435', 'M01.526.485.810.390', 'N02.360.810.390'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['I02.358.337.350.500', 'I02.358.399.350.750'], ['M01.526.070.700', 'M01.526.485.800', 'N02.360.800'], ['E05.318.372.750', 'E05.337.737', 'N05.715.360.330.720', 'N06.850.520.450.720']]
|
['Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Enantiomeric resolution of the calcium channel antagonist 8-benzylamino-8,11-oxapentacyclo[5.4.0.0(2,6).0(3,10).0(5,9)]unde cane (NGP 1-01).
|
We report the enantiomeric resolution and results of studies designed to probe possible enantiospecific calcium channel activity of 8-benzylamino-8,11-oxapentacyclo[5.4.0.0(2,6).0(3,10).0(5,9)]undec ane (NGP 1-01), a known polycyclic benzylamino calcium channel antagonist. R-(-)-acetylmandeloylchloride was used to generate the two diastereomers which were separated by conventional column-chromatography. Hydrolysis of the separated amide diastereomers was achieved in 10% oxalic acid/dichloromethane with silica gel as catalyst and yielded the resolved enantiomers of NGP 1-01. Enantiomeric purity was assessed by in situ derivatization of the individual enantiomers with 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-beta-D-glucopyranosyl isothiocyanate (TAGIT) and HPLC analysis. A standard C18 column was used and the enantiomeric purity was found to be 98.5% and 96.63% for the (+)- and (-)-enantiomer, respectively. The enantiomers exhibited similar activity profiles, for calcium channel antagonism and also did not differ from the racemic mixture, suggesting that NGP 1-01 has very weak or no stereo-selectivity in the calcium channel assay used.
|
['Animals', 'Bridged-Ring Compounds', 'Calcium Channel Blockers', 'Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'Electrophysiology', 'Guinea Pigs', 'Heart', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Myocardium', 'Patch-Clamp Techniques', 'Stereoisomerism']
| 9,879,570
|
[['B01.050'], ['D02.455.426.100', 'D04.075'], ['D27.505.519.562.249', 'D27.505.696.260.500', 'D27.505.954.411.192'], ['E05.196.181.400.300'], ['H01.158.344.528', 'H01.158.782.236'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.550'], ['A07.541'], ['E05.481'], ['A02.633.580', 'A07.541.704', 'A10.690.552.750'], ['E05.200.500.905', 'E05.242.800'], ['G02.607.445.682']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[The role of frequency doubling perimetry in the diagnosis of glaucoma: screening in employees of a public hospital in an urban area of S?o Paulo].
|
PURPOSE: To study the prevalence of glaucoma in employees of a public hospital in S?o Paulo and to analyze the role of frequency doubling perimetry along with non-contact tonometry and direct ophthalmoscopy, in the screening for glaucoma.METHODS: 612 employees of the Central Hospital of the "Santa Casa de S?o Paulo" were evaluated from October 15 to 20, 2000; 438 were women and 174 men, with mean age of 45.05+/-7.7 years (range, 35 to 81 years); 437 were white, 104 mulatto, 43 black and 28 Asian. All examinations were done by 10 eye specialists with experience in glaucoma. All employees had both eyes examined, by means of frequency doubling perimetry (FDT), ophthalmoscopy (FO), and non-contact tonometry (TNC).RESULTS: 159 (25.98%) subjects presented with at least one abnormal testing; 5 (3.14%) had high IOP (TNC+); 13 (8.17%) presented suspicious disk (FO+); 110 (69.18%) presented abnormal FDT (FDP+); 8 (5.03%) TNC+ and FO+; 10 (6.28%) had TNC+ and FDT+; 9 (5.66%) presented FO+ and FDT+; 4 (2.51%) had TNC+, FO+ and FDT+; 12 (1.96%) individuals were diagnosed with glaucoma, four of whom (0.65%), with normal pressure glaucoma.CONCLUSIONS: Frequency doubling perimetry was found to be an important step in the screening for glaucoma in the study. Of the 12 individuals that had the diagnosis of glaucoma, 5 (41.6%) would not have been diagnosed if they had not undergone frequency doubling perimetry.
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['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Brazil', 'Female', 'Glaucoma', 'Hospitals, Public', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Mass Screening', 'Middle Aged', 'Ophthalmoscopy', 'Personnel, Hospital', 'Prevalence', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Tonometry, Ocular', 'Urban Population', 'Visual Field Tests']
| 15,824,803
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['Z01.107.757.176'], ['C11.525.381'], ['N02.278.421.510'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.500', 'E05.318.308.980.438.580', 'N02.421.726.233.443', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.580', 'N06.850.780.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.370.380.560'], ['M01.526.485.740', 'N02.360.740'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['E01.370.380.750'], ['N01.600.900'], ['E01.370.380.850.962']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
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Resolution of blur in the older eye: neural compensation in addition to optics?
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This study examined the roles of pupillary miosis and experience-mediated compensation in older observers' superior ability to read optically blurred text. The size thresholds of younger and older adult observers for reading common words and identifying line drawings of everyday objects were compared with natural and artificial pupils as a function of systematically varied far letter acuity: best corrected, 20/30, and 20/40. With best corrected letter acuity, younger observers' size thresholds for reading words were lower than those of older observers with either natural or artificial pupils. In the 20/40 condition, however, older observers' reading size thresholds with natural pupils were significantly lower than those of the young. No significant age differences were seen at 20/30 or 20/40 on word reading with artificial pupils or on line drawing identification size thresholds with either pupil type. Prior blur experience, as estimated from observers' presenting and best optical corrections, was inversely associated with older adults' word acuity. Pupillary miosis in conjunction with neural compensation appears to account for older observers' greater ability to read blurred text.
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['Adult', 'Age Factors', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Aging', 'Female', 'Form Perception', 'Humans', 'Lighting', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Reading', 'Sensory Thresholds', 'Time Factors', 'Vision Tests', 'Visual Acuity', 'Young Adult']
| 20,616,120
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['G07.345.124'], ['F02.463.593.373', 'F02.463.593.778.435'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N06.230.150.410'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['L01.559.423.557'], ['F02.463.593.710'], ['G01.910.857'], ['E01.370.380.850'], ['E01.370.380.850.950', 'F02.463.593.932.901', 'G14.940'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Identification of paxillin domains interacting with â-catenin.
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Barrier-protective agonists induce association of focal adhesions (FA) and adherens junctions (AJ) in endothelial cells. Here we identified specific domains of FA protein paxillin interacting with AJ protein and examined regulation of paxillin domain interactions with â-catenin by Rac GTPase. Co-expression of paxillin LD-1,2; LD-3,4; LIM-1,2; and LIM-3,4 domains with â-catenin showed exclusive interaction of LIM-1,2 and LIM-3,4 with â-catenin, which was enhanced by agonist-induced Rac activation or expression of activated Rac mutant. These results demonstrate a novel function of paxillin LIM domains in targeting â-catenin in a Rac-dependent manner, which may play a role in Rac-dependent control of FA-AJ interactions and monolayer integrity.
|
['Adherens Junctions', 'Allosteric Site', 'Endothelial Cells', 'Escherichia coli', 'Focal Adhesions', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Glutathione Transferase', 'HEK293 Cells', 'Humans', 'Paxillin', 'Plasmids', 'Protein Binding', 'Protein Structure, Tertiary', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt', 'Recombinant Proteins', 'Signal Transduction', 'beta Catenin']
| 22,728,435
|
[['A11.284.149.165.420.020'], ['G02.111.570.120.147'], ['A11.436.275'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['A11.284.149.165.165.285'], ['G05.308'], ['D08.811.913.225.500'], ['A11.251.210.172.750', 'A11.436.334'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.644.360.024.316', 'D12.776.157.057.092', 'D12.776.476.024.397', 'D12.776.512.374', 'D12.776.744.665'], ['G05.360.600'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808'], ['G02.111.570.820.709.610'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.755', 'D12.776.476.565', 'D12.776.624.664.700.168'], ['D12.776.828'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['D12.776.091.249', 'D12.776.220.145.500', 'D12.776.930.130']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
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