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The farnesyltransferase â-subunit RAM1 regulates localization of RAS proteins and appressorium-mediated infection in Magnaporthe oryzae.
|
Post-translational farnesylation can regulate subcellular localization and protein-protein interaction in eukaryotes. The function of farnesylation is not well identified in plant pathogenic fungi, particularly during the process of fungal infection. Here, through functional analyses of the farnesyltransferase â-subunit gene, RAM1, we examine the importance of protein farnesylation in the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae. Targeted disruption of RAM1 resulted in the reduction of hyphal growth and sporulation, and an increase in the sensitivity to various stresses. Importantly, loss of RAM1 also led to the attenuation of virulence on the plant host, characterized by decreased appressorium formation and invasive growth. Interestingly, the defect in appressoria formation of the Äram1 mutant can be recovered by adding exogenous cAMP and IBMX, suggesting that RAM1 functions upstream of the cAMP signalling pathway. We found that two Ras GTPases, RAS1 and RAS2, can interact with Ram1, and their plasma membrane localization was regulated by Ram1 through their C-terminal farnesylation sites. Adding a farnesyltransferase inhibitor Tipifarnib can result in similar defects as in Äram1 mutant, including decreased appressorium formation and invasive growth, as well as mislocalized RAS proteins. Our findings indicate that protein farnesylation regulates the RAS protein-mediated signaling pathways required for appressorium formation and host infection, and suggest that abolishing farnesyltransferase could be an effective strategy for disease control.
|
['Farnesyltranstransferase', 'Fungal Proteins', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal', 'Magnaporthe', 'Plant Diseases', 'Quinolones', 'Signal Transduction', 'Spores, Fungal', 'Virulence', 'ras Proteins']
| 31,250,536
|
[['D08.811.913.225.437'], ['D12.776.354'], ['G05.308.330'], ['B01.300.107.575'], ['G15.610'], ['D03.633.100.810.835'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['A11.870.710', 'A19.374.500', 'B05.775.710'], ['G06.930'], ['D08.811.277.040.330.300.400.500', 'D12.644.360.525.500', 'D12.776.157.325.515.500', 'D12.776.476.525.500']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Observation of snakebite victims: is twelve hours still necessary?
|
OBJECTIVE: To determine the period of observation required to exclude elapid envenoming following presentation with suspected or definite snakebite in South-east Queensland.METHODS: Two part case series of patients presenting with a snakebite to a regional hospital in South-east Queensland. A snakebite assessment protocol was established for a prospective phase with the same data collection tool used for retrospective cases. The time of onset of clinical features, and abnormal investigations consistent with envenoming were recorded for each feature. 'Time zero' was set at the time of removal of effective first aid or, time of presentation in the absence of effective first aid.RESULTS: A total of 360 presentations of snakebite were identified with envenoming diagnosed in 34 cases (9%). Seventy-three percent of clinical features and investigation abnormalities were present at, or before, time zero with 95% present within 6 h. All abnormalities, which commenced beyond 6 h, occurred in patients where the diagnosis of envenoming had already been established.CONCLUSIONS: Six hours of assessment appears adequate to exclude elapid envenoming in asymptomatic patients in South-east Queensland. Evidence in the literature of delayed onset of envenoming in completely asymptomatic patients is difficult to find.
|
['Animals', 'Elapidae', 'Humans', 'Observation', 'Prospective Studies', 'Queensland', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Snake Bites', 'Time Factors']
| 14,992,069
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.833.672.125.875'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.581.249'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['Z01.639.100.937', 'Z01.678.100.373.937'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['C25.723.127.442', 'C26.176.724'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Anti-T-lymphocyte globulin treatment in inclusion body myositis: a randomized pilot study.
|
The authors performed an open, randomized trial in patients with inclusion body myositis comparing 1) 12-month treatment with oral methotrexate 7.5 mg/week alone (MTX group) with 2) 12-month MTX treatment preceded by 7 days of IV anti-T-lymphocyte immunoglobulin treatment (ATG group). Eleven patients were randomized; 10 patients completed 12 months follow-up. Myometry showed that patients in the ATG group (n = 6) increased in mean muscle strength by 1.4% compared with the MTX group (n = 5), whose muscle strength decreased by 11.1% (p = 0.021).
|
['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Antilymphocyte Serum', 'Autoimmune Diseases', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Immunosuppressive Agents', 'Male', 'Methotrexate', 'Muscle Contraction', 'Myositis, Inclusion Body', 'Pilot Projects', 'Prospective Studies', 'T-Lymphocytes', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 12,874,415
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['A12.207.152.846.500.203', 'D12.776.124.486.485.114.573.203', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.573.203', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.573.203', 'D20.215.401.203'], ['C20.111'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D27.505.696.477.656'], ['D03.633.100.733.631.192.500'], ['G11.427.494'], ['C05.651.594.600', 'C10.668.491.562.500'], ['E05.318.372.750', 'E05.337.737', 'N05.715.360.330.720', 'N06.850.520.450.720'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.569', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Extremely well-differentiated adenocarcinoma ("adenoma malignum") of the cervix in a patient with Peutz-Jeghers syndrome.
|
In a 29-year-old woman with the Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (PJS), an extremely well differentiated adenocarcinoma (adenoma malignum) of the uterine cervix was detected. The cervical lesion consisted of a polypoid mass, measuring 3.5 cm in greatest diameter, composed of extremely well differentiated tubules resembling those of the endocervical glands, yet containing a few Paneth cells. Immunohistochemical stains displayed cytoplasmic carcinoembryonic antigen in this tumor. The ovaries had no apparent abnormality. The diagnosis of the PJS was based on the presence of numerous hamartomatous polyps of the rectum and cutaneous pigmentation around the lips, fingers, and toes. The patient underwent a simple total hysterectomy and was subsequently treated with chemotherapy. In an 11 year follow-up, there has been no recurrence of the cervical tumor and she is currently well. The clinicohistopathologic differences of this cervical tumor in patients with and without PJS are briefly discussed.
|
['Adenocarcinoma', 'Adult', 'Antibiotics, Antineoplastic', 'Biopsy', 'Carcinoembryonic Antigen', 'Cervix Uteri', 'Colon', 'Drug Therapy, Combination', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Hysterectomy', 'Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome', 'Rectum', 'Sigmoidoscopy', 'Uterine Cervical Neoplasms']
| 4,055,223
|
[['C04.557.470.200.025'], ['M01.060.116'], ['D27.505.954.248.106'], ['E01.370.225.500.384.100', 'E01.370.225.998.054', 'E01.370.388.100', 'E04.074', 'E05.200.500.384.100', 'E05.200.998.054', 'E05.242.384.100'], ['D12.776.395.550.200.210', 'D12.776.543.550.200.210', 'D23.050.285.329', 'D23.050.301.350.210', 'D23.101.140.300'], ['A05.360.319.679.256'], ['A03.556.124.526.356', 'A03.556.249.249.356'], ['E02.319.310'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E04.950.300.399'], ['C04.700.633', 'C06.405.469.578.750', 'C16.320.700.667', 'C17.800.621.430.530.550.625'], ['A03.556.124.526.767', 'A03.556.249.249.767'], ['E01.370.372.250.250.200.700', 'E01.370.388.250.250.250.160.800', 'E04.210.240.250.160.800', 'E04.502.250.250.250.160.800'], ['C04.588.945.418.948.850', 'C13.351.500.852.593.131', 'C13.351.500.852.762.850', 'C13.351.937.418.875.850']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Biochemical variation of human Ia like antigens detected with monoclonal antibodies.
|
Four mouse monoclonal antibodies to human B cell surface determinants previously described as being directed against Ia like (MHC class II) antigens, have been shown to precipitate Ia alpha and beta chains. Electrophoretic transfer experiments showed one antibody to be directed against Ia alpha chains and two others to be against Ia beta chains. The antibodies were then used to analyse a range of cell types and a large number of lymphoblastoid and lymphoma cell lines. Ia antigens could not be detected on peripheral blood T cells, cord endothelium or T cell lines but their presence was confirmed on activated T cells and peripheral blood non-T cells. There was both qualitative and quantitative variation of Ia like antigen expression on B cell lines, including an apparent genetic polymorphism in alpha chain structure unrelated to DR allotypes and a single instance of a beta chain of abnormally high molecular weight.
|
['Antibodies, Monoclonal', 'Antigens, Surface', 'B-Lymphocytes', 'Cell Line', 'Chemical Precipitation', 'Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel', 'Epitopes', 'Histocompatibility Antigens Class II', 'Humans', 'Peptides', 'T-Lymphocytes']
| 6,191,895
|
[['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224'], ['D23.050.301'], ['A11.063.438', 'A11.118.637.555.567.562', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.562', 'A15.382.032.438', 'A15.382.490.555.567.562'], ['A11.251.210'], ['E05.196.150', 'G02.159'], ['E05.196.401.402', 'E05.301.300.319'], ['D23.050.550'], ['D12.776.395.550.509', 'D12.776.543.550.440', 'D23.050.301.500.400', 'D23.050.705.552.410'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.644'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.569', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Short-term exposure to air pollution in a road tunnel enhances the asthmatic response to allergen.
|
The aim of this study was to assess whether air pollution in road tunnels would promote asthmatic reactions in persons with mild allergic asthma. Twenty volunteers with mild allergic asthma were exposed, inside a car, for 30 min in a Stockholm city road tunnel. As a control, the subjects were exposed to much lower pollution levels in a suburban area. Four hours after the exposure, the subjects inhaled a low dose of allergen. Asthmatic reaction during the early phase was measured as the increase in specific airway resistance 15 min after allergen inhalation and during the late phase as the decrease in lung function forced expiratory volume in one second 3-10 h after allergen inhalation. Asthma symptoms and drug use were monitored up to 18 h after allergen inhalation. The median nitrogen dioxide level during exposure was 313 microg x m-3 (range 203-462). The median levels of particles with 50% cut-off aerodynamic diameters of 10 (PM10) and 2.5 microm (PM2.5) were 170 (range 103-613) and 95 (range 61-218) micro x m-3, respectively. Subjective symptoms during tunnel exposure were not pronounced. However, subjects exposed to tunnel N02 levels of > or = 300 microg x m-3 had a significantly greater early reaction, following allergen exposure, as well as lower lung function and more asthma symptoms during the late phase, compared to control. Also, subjects with PM2.5 exposure > or = 100 microg x m-3 had a slightly increased early reaction compared to control. In conclusion, exposure to air pollution in road tunnels may significantly enhance asthmatic reactions to subsequently inhaled allergens.
|
['Adult', 'Air Pollutants', 'Airway Resistance', 'Asthma', 'Automobile Driving', 'Environmental Exposure', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Nitric Oxide', 'Plethysmography', 'Reference Values', 'Respiratory Function Tests', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Statistics, Nonparametric', 'Time Factors', 'Vehicle Emissions']
| 10,780,764
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D27.888.284.101'], ['E01.370.386.700.050', 'G09.772.060'], ['C08.127.108', 'C08.381.495.108', 'C08.674.095', 'C20.543.480.680.095'], ['I03.125'], ['N06.850.460.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D01.339.387', 'D01.625.550.500', 'D01.625.700.500', 'D01.650.550.587.600'], ['E01.370.370.610'], ['E05.978.810'], ['E01.370.386.700'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['E05.318.740.995', 'N05.715.360.750.760', 'N06.850.520.830.995'], ['G01.910.857'], ['D20.832']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Obtaining consumer perspectives using a citizens' jury: does the current country of origin labelling in Australia allow for informed food choices?
|
BACKGROUND: Contemporary food systems are vast and complex, creating greater distance between consumers and their food. Consequently, consumers are required to put faith in a system of which they have limited knowledge or control. Country of origin labelling (CoOL) is one mechanism that theoretically enables consumer knowledge of provenance of food products. However, this labelling system has recently come under Australian Government review and recommendations for improvements have been proposed. Consumer engagement in this process has been limited. Therefore this study sought to obtain further consumer opinion on the issue of CoOL and to identify the extent to which Australian consumers agree with Australian Government recommendations for improvements.METHODS: A citizens' jury was conducted with a sample of 14 South Australian consumers to explore their perceptions on whether the CoOL system allows them to make informed food choices, as well as what changes (if any) need to be made to enable informed food choices (recommendations).RESULTS: Overall, jurors' perception of usefulness of CoOL, including its ability to enable consumers to make informed food choices, fluctuated throughout the Citizens' Jury. Initially, the majority of the jurors indicated that the labels allowed informed food choice, however by the end of the session the majority disagreed with this statement. Inconsistencies within jurors' opinions were observed, particularly following delivery of information from expert witnesses and jury deliberation. Jurors provided recommendations for changes to be made to CoOL, which were similar to those provided in the Australian Government inquiry.CONCLUSIONS: Consumers in this study engaged with the topical issue of CoOL and provided their opinions. Overall, consumers do not think that the current CoOL system in Australia enables consumers to make informed choices. Recommendations for changes, including increasing the size of the label and the label's font, and standardising its position, were made.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Choice Behavior', 'Community Participation', 'Consumer Behavior', 'Female', 'Food Labeling', 'Food Preferences', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Nutrition Policy', 'Qualitative Research', 'Research Design', 'South Australia', 'Young Adult']
| 27,938,403
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['F02.463.785.373.346'], ['N02.421.143.212', 'N03.540.245.360'], ['F01.145.236'], ['J01.576.423.850.600.400', 'J01.576.761.400.450'], ['F01.145.407.516', 'G07.203.650.353.516'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['I01.655.500.608.400.650', 'I01.880.604.825.608.400.650', 'N03.623.500.608.428.650'], ['H01.770.644.241.850'], ['E05.581.500', 'H01.770.644.728'], ['Z01.639.100.968', 'Z01.678.100.373.968'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Alpha-adrenoceptor involvement in swim stress-induced antinociception in the mouse.
|
Three different intensities of swim stress produced stress-induced antinociception (SIA) in mice which was assessed either by the reduction in the number of abdominal constrictions produced by acetic acid or by an increase in reaction time on a hot-plate. The involvement of alpha-adrenoceptors in the three models of SIA was investigated using selective antagonists. SIA produced by the mild stress of a 30 s warm water swim was attenuated by idazoxan (0.5-1 mg kg-1), and by yohimbine at a dose (1 mg kg-1) which reduced antinociception produced by clonidine (12.5-50 micrograms kg-1). Indoramin (1-2 mg kg-1) did not affect this model of SIA, but reversed phenylephrine induced inhibition of the constrictions. A 3 min room temperature swim increased reaction times on the hot-plate and this naloxone-sensitive SIA was reduced significantly by prazosin (1-2 mg kg-1), idazoxan (0.5-1 mg kg-1) and yohimbine (0.5-1 mg kg-1) but enhanced by clonidine (0.5 mg kg-1) and noradrenaline (NA) (10 micrograms i.c.v.). Mice treated with 6-hydroxydopamine (60 + 60 micrograms i.c.v.) were hypersensitive to the hot-plate and did not develop SIA. Levels of noradrenaline in the brain (minus the cerebellum) were decreased after the room temperature swim SIA. The most severe stress of a cold water swim produced SIA on the hot-plate which was initially naloxone-insensitive.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
|
['Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists', 'Analgesia', 'Animals', 'Brain', 'Drug Interactions', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Norepinephrine', 'Pain Measurement', 'Physical Exertion', 'Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha', 'Stress, Physiological', 'Swimming']
| 1,982,301
|
[['D27.505.519.625.050.200.100', 'D27.505.696.577.050.200.100'], ['E03.091'], ['B01.050'], ['A08.186.211'], ['G07.690.773.968'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['D02.033.100.291.502', 'D02.092.063.480', 'D02.092.211.215.746', 'D02.092.311.830', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.175.830'], ['E01.370.600.550.324'], ['G11.427.683'], ['D12.776.543.750.670.300.300.300', 'D12.776.543.750.695.150.300.300', 'D12.776.543.750.720.330.300.300'], ['G07.775'], ['G11.427.410.568.800', 'G11.427.410.698.277.875', 'I03.350.875', 'I03.450.642.845.945.500']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Long-Range Hairpin Slippage Reconfiguration Dynamics in Trinucleotide Repeat Sequences.
|
Trinucleotide repeat (TNR) sequences, which are responsible for several neurodegenerative genetic diseases, fold into hairpins that interfere with the protein machinery in replication or repair, thus leading to dynamic mutation -abnormal expansions of the genome. Despite their high thermodynamic stability, these hairpins can undergo configurational rearrangements, which may be crucial for continuous dynamic mutation. Here, we used CTG repeats as a model system to study their structural dynamics at the single-molecule level. A unique dynamic two-state configuration interchange was discovered over a wide range of odd-numbered CTG repeat sequences. Employing repeat-number-dependent kinetic analysis, we proposed a bulge translocation model, which is driven by the local instability and can be extended reasonably to longer (pathologically relevant) hairpins, implying the potential role in error accumulation in repeat expansion.
|
['DNA', 'Molecular Dynamics Simulation', 'Monte Carlo Method', 'Nucleic Acid Conformation', 'Thermodynamics', 'Trinucleotide Repeats']
| 31,241,956
|
[['D13.444.308'], ['E05.599.595.500', 'G02.111.570.895', 'L01.224.160.500'], ['E05.318.740.525', 'L01.906.394.422', 'N05.715.360.750.540', 'N06.850.520.830.525'], ['G02.111.570.820.486', 'G05.360.580'], ['G01.906'], ['G02.111.570.080.708.800.500.850', 'G05.360.080.708.800.500.850', 'G05.360.340.024.850.500.850']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Plasma phospholipid transfer protein enhances transfer and exchange of phospholipids between very low density lipoproteins and high density lipoproteins during lipolysis.
|
In order to determine the effects of a plasma phospholipid transfer protein on the transfer of phospholipids from very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) to high density lipoproteins (HDL) during lipolysis, biosynthetically labeled rat 32P-labeled VLDL was incubated with human HDL3 and bovine milk lipoprotein lipase (LPL) in the presence of the plasma d greater than 1.21 g/ml fraction or a partially purified human plasma phospholipid transfer protein (PTP). The addition of either the PTP or the d greater than 1.21 g/ml fraction resulted in a 2- to 3-fold stimulation of the transfer of phospholipid radioactivity from VLDL into HDL during lipolysis. In the absence of LPL, the PTP caused a less marked stimulation of transfer of phospholipid radioactivity. Both the d greater than 1.21 g/ml fraction and the PTP enhanced the transfer of VLDL phospholipid mass into HDL, but the percentage transfer of phospholipid radioactivity was greater than that of phospholipid mass, suggesting stimulation of both transfer and exchange processes. Stimulation of phospholipid exchange was confirmed in experiments where PTP was found to augment transfer of [14C]phosphatidylcholine radioactivity from HDL to VLDL during lipolysis. In experiments performed with human VLDL and human HDL3, both the d greater than 1.21 g/ml fraction and the PTP were found to stimulate phospholipid mass transfer from VLDL into HDL during lipolysis. Analysis of HDL by non-denaturing polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis showed that enhanced lipid transfer was associated with only a slight increase in particle size, suggesting incorporation of lipid by formation of new HDL particles. In conclusion, the plasma d greater than 1.21 g/ml fraction and a plasma PTP enhance the net transfer of VLDL phospholipids into HDL and also exchange of the phospholipids of VLDL and HDL. Both the transfer and exchange activities of PTP are stimulated by lipolysis.
|
['Animals', 'Carrier Proteins', 'Humans', 'Lipid Mobilization', 'Lipoproteins, HDL', 'Lipoproteins, VLDL', 'Membrane Proteins', 'Phospholipid Transfer Proteins', 'Phospholipids', 'Rats']
| 4,031,662
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.776.157'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G03.458.500.500'], ['D10.532.432', 'D12.776.521.479'], ['D10.532.599', 'D12.776.521.622'], ['D12.776.543'], ['D12.776.157.674', 'D12.776.543.693'], ['D10.570.755'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The effects of two different kinds of quilt on human core temperature during night sleep.
|
Effects of two kinds of quilt with different thermal insulation properties between the upper and lower halves on human core temperature during night sleep were compared at an ambient temperature of 16 degrees C and a relative humidity of 50% in five healthy adult women. One quilt has a thick part (110 mm) in the upper half and a thin part (63 mm) in the lowest half (Quilt A), and the other has a thin part (63 mm) in the upper half and a thick part (110 mm) in the lower half (Quilt B). Subjects, wearing shirts with half-sleeves and breeches, slept on a bed with sleeping mat, being fully covered by either Quilt A or Quilt B from 22:00 to 06:00. The major finding was that rectal temperature fell more quickly in Quilt B after retiring at 22:00, being kept at a lower level during one third of the whole night. We suggest that the reduced level of rectal temperature in Quilt B might be ascribed to lower thermal insulation in the upper half side of the Quilt B and partly to different core-peripheral blood redistribution in the lower extremities between the two kinds of quilt. Rapid fall and lowered level rectal temperature in Quilt B might be of significance for ease in sleep onset and sleep depth.
|
['Adult', 'Bedding and Linens', 'Body Temperature', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Sleep']
| 8,206,053
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E07.325.137', 'J01.494.221'], ['E01.370.600.875.374', 'G07.110'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F02.830.855', 'G11.561.803']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Effects of Asp residues near the L-side pigments in bacterial reaction centers.
|
The primary photochemistry in Rhodobacter capsulatus reaction centers (RCs) containing the Phe to Asp mutation at L polypeptide residue 121 near the photoactive bacteriopheophytin (BPhL) is characterized using ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy. At 285 K, initial charge separation from P* proceeds with essentially unity quantum yield in approximately 6 ps to form a transient denoted P+I-. This transient is proposed to involve P+BPhL- and probably P+BChlL- as well (BChlL is the L-side bacteriochlorophyll molecule). P+I- decays in approximately 150 ps both by electron transfer to give P+QA- (approximately 78% yield) and by charge recombination to the ground state (approximately 22% yield). These results indicate that the F(L121)D mutant is closely related, in terms of its electron transfer properties, to previously reported RCs in which BPhL is replaced with a bacteriochlorophyll (beta-type RCs) or a pheophytin. However, the native BPhL pigment is retained in the F(L121)D mutant. We propose that the Asp at L121 raises the free energy of P+BPhL-, thereby giving rise to the altered photochemistry. At 77 K, the P+I- lifetime is shortened slightly to approximately 120 ps and the yield of P+QA- is increased to approximately 88%. This result is somewhat different from that obtained for beta-type RCs at low temperature, where the P+I- lifetime lengthens and the yield of P+QA- diminishes or stays about the same compared to the values near room temperature. We exploit these differences in developing a model for the charge separation process in the F(L121)D mutant. The effects of introducing an Asp near BPhL are compared to those obtained previously in two mutants in which an Asp is introduced near BChlL.
|
['Aspartic Acid', 'Kinetics', 'Light-Harvesting Protein Complexes', 'Mutagenesis, Site-Directed', 'Photosynthetic Reaction Center Complex Proteins', 'Rhodobacter capsulatus', 'Spectrophotometry, Atomic', 'Structure-Activity Relationship']
| 8,952,494
|
[['D12.125.067.500', 'D12.125.119.170', 'D12.125.427.040'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['D05.500.562.488.490', 'D08.811.600.710.490', 'D12.776.543.930.500.490', 'D12.776.765.199.750.750.490'], ['E05.393.420.601.575'], ['D05.500.562.488', 'D08.811.600.710', 'D12.776.543.930.500', 'D12.776.765.199.750.750'], ['B03.440.623.225', 'B03.660.050.750.700.225'], ['E05.196.712.726.551', 'E05.196.867.826.551'], ['G02.111.830', 'G07.690.773.997']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Simple method to control a cerebrospinal fluid gusher during cochlear implant surgery.
|
OBJECTIVE: : Perilymph/cerebrospinal fluid gushers are reported at the time of cochleostomy during the performance of cochlear implant surgery. Anatomic conditions are discussed. Surgical methods of control with tissue seals have varied results. A simple technique using bone-waxed silk suture is described.PATIENTS: : Three patients with perilymph/cerebrospinal fluid gushers were encountered during cochlear implant surgery in the Louisiana State University Cochlear Implant Project. A simple method for control of these leaks is described using lengths of bone-waxed silk suture.CONCLUSIONS: : This safe and rapid technique is a useful addition to the armamentarium of the cochlear implant surgeon.
|
['Adult', 'Cerebrospinal Fluid Otorrhea', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Cochlea', 'Cochlear Implantation', 'Female', 'Hearing Loss, Sensorineural', 'Humans', 'Intraoperative Complications', 'Male', 'Otologic Surgical Procedures', 'Sutures', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 15,241,226
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['C10.597.114.500', 'C10.900.300.109.500', 'C23.888.592.114.249', 'C26.915.300.225.500'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['A09.246.300.246'], ['E04.580.450.220', 'E04.650.220'], ['C09.218.458.341.887', 'C10.597.751.418.341.887', 'C23.888.592.763.393.341.887'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C23.550.505'], ['E04.580.450'], ['E07.858.690.820'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Species differences in the hepatic microsomal oxidation of nalidixic acid.
|
The kinetics of the conversion of nalidixic acid to the 7-hydroxymethyl derivative (M-HNA) by isolated liver microsomes of several common laboratory animal species was studied under optimal conditions. The order of activity was (from greatest activity to least): monkey greater than rabbit greater than mouse greater than rat greater than dog greater than cat. The formation of 7-HNA followed apparent Michaelis-Menton kinetics in all species except the cat; the substrate concentration at half-maximal velocity was highest with mouse microsomes, while the maximum velocity was greatest with monkey microsomes. Cat, dog, mouse and rabbit microsomes formed an additional metabolite, which was identified as 6-hydroxynalidixic acid, 1-ethyl-1,4-dihydro-6-hydroxy-7-methyl-4-oxo-1,8-naphthyridine-3-carboxylic acid (6-HNA); in the cat, this was the major microsomal metabolite.
|
['Animals', 'Biotransformation', 'Cats', 'Dogs', 'Haplorhini', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Kinetics', 'Macaca mulatta', 'Mice', 'Microsomes, Liver', 'Nalidixic Acid', 'Oxidation-Reduction', 'Rabbits', 'Rats', 'Species Specificity']
| 413,504
|
[['B01.050'], ['G03.171', 'G03.787.225', 'G07.690.725.225'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.377.750.250.125'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.250.216.200'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400'], ['E05.481'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.199.120.510.550'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['A11.284.835.540.541'], ['D03.633.100.612.500', 'D03.633.100.810.835.830.500'], ['G02.700', 'G03.295.531'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.968.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['G16.824']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Epsilon aminocaproic acid (EACA) myopathy.
|
Two female patients developed a severe, painful proximal myopathy after taking 18--30 g of epsilon-aminocaproic acid daily for 5 weeks. Marked elevations of serum aminotransferases, creatine kinase and aldolase levels were found and the first patient had electromyographic and muscle biopsy changes of an acute monophasic, necrotising myopathy at the height of the illness. Resolution occurred in both cases on stopping the drug and the second patient had no electromyographic or muscle biopsy abnormalities 3 weeks later. Only 2 recognized cases of the condition have been reported previously but a review of the literature revealed several other possible examples.
|
['Aged', 'Aminocaproates', 'Aminocaproic Acid', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Middle Aged', 'Muscles', 'Muscular Diseases']
| 471,867
|
[]
|
[]
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The current role of laparoscopic surgery in the treatment of benign gastroduodenal diseases.
|
BACKGROUND/AIMS: The impressive breakthrough in laparoscopic surgery has urged several authors to adopt such an approach in the treatment of both benign and malignant gastric diseases, even though laparoscopic gastric resection has not yet met with widespread enthusiasm. The current work is aimed at illustrating the feasibility and assessing the efficacy of laparoscopic (LGRs) and laparoscopic-assisted (LAGRs) gastric resections in the treatment of non-malignant gastric conditions.METHODOLOGY: As of April 1997, we performed LGRs or LAGRs on a total of 24 patients (M:F = 15:9; mean age: 43 years; range: 19-65 years), among whom 8 presented with chronic gastric ulcer, 4 had benign pyloric stenosis, 8 were affected with recurrent duodenal ulcers no longer amenable to treatment, and 4 with persistent symptomatic biliary reflux. Pre-operatively, all patients underwent blood tests, upper GI endoscopy coupled with biopsy, and barium swallow. Post-operatively, all patients were administered saline solution and water dextrane for the first 5 days; antibiotics (cefuroxim 4 g i.v. daily) and analgesics (paracetamol 6 g i.v. daily) for the first 48 hours. A hydrosoluble swallow was scheduled for the 5th post-operative day.RESULTS: The surgical procedure consisted of a Billroth II distal gastrectomy in 13 cases and total duodenal diversion with Roux-en-Y gastrojejunostomy in 11. Among such patients, 18 underwent a totally laparoscopic procedure, whereas 6 had laparoscopic-assisted gastrectomy, with the use of a Dexterity device in 1 case. The mean duration of the procedure was 150 min (range: 120-200), and blood losses were not remarkable. No intra-operative complication ever occurred. Post-operatively, we observed one case of retrogastric collection and incisional hernia in 1 patient who underwent a laparoscopic-assisted procedure. The abscess was drained percutaneously and hernia conventionally repaired 5 months post-gastrectomy. Post-operative hospital stay was 7 days on the average (range: 5-25). One patient was lost to follow-up. In the remaining cases, no major functional sequelae were observed at a mean follow-up of 19 months (range: 2-41), apart from 2 cases of transient diarrhea.CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic surgery appears to be an invaluable tool for the treatment of gastric diseases and LGRs are a valid option in experienced hands and in selected centers, allowing patients to benefit from a less cumbersome hospital stay and fewer functional sequelae. The economic impact of such a practice, however, needs better clarification.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Anastomosis, Roux-en-Y', 'Bile Reflux', 'Duodenal Ulcer', 'Feasibility Studies', 'Female', 'Gastrectomy', 'Humans', 'Laparoscopy', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Pyloric Stenosis', 'Stomach Ulcer', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 10,430,287
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E04.035.070', 'E04.210.070'], ['C06.130.140', 'C06.405.748.240.140'], ['C06.405.469.275.800.348', 'C06.405.748.586.349'], ['E05.318.372.550', 'E05.337.675', 'N05.715.360.330.550', 'N06.850.520.450.550'], ['E04.210.419'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.388.250.520', 'E04.502.250.520'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C06.405.748.340.690'], ['C06.405.469.275.800.849', 'C06.405.748.586.849'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Development of aqueous dispersions of Coenzyme Q10
|
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is a poorly-water soluble compound that is being investigated for the treatment of carcinomas. The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of preparing phospholipid-stabilized dispersions of the anticancer agent for continuous pulmonary delivery using a vibrating-mesh nebulizer. We determined the physicochemical properties (drug particle size distribution in dispersion, zeta potential, surface tension, and rheology) and compared the aerosolization profiles (nebulization performance, aerodynamic drug deposition and total emitted dose) of dispersions of CoQ10 prepared with different phospholipids. The hydrodynamic sizes of the drug particles in dispersion were primarily in the submicron range, but formulations with drug particle sizes greater than the aperture size of the nebulizer presented superior aerosolization profiles. At high shear rates, certain formulations presented increased shear-thickening behavior, which was connected to a decrease in mass and drug output over time, and with decreased aerodynamic and geometric sizes. Other formulations presented shear-thinning behavior and showed similarly high drug depositions. In this investigation, we found that dispersed formulations of CoQ10 presented different in vitro performance for pulmonary delivery based on their rheological behavior. In conclusion, this characterization methodology provides an innovative approach to screen formulations of poorly-water soluble compounds for continuous (no clogging) active vibrating-mesh nebulization.
|
['Administration, Inhalation', 'Aerosols', 'Drug Compounding', 'Nebulizers and Vaporizers', 'Particle Size', 'Phospholipids', 'Rheology', 'Surface Tension', 'Ubiquinone']
| 27,732,894
|
[['E02.319.267.050'], ['D20.280.055', 'D26.255.165.055'], ['E05.916.270'], ['E07.605'], ['G02.712'], ['D10.570.755'], ['E05.830', 'H01.671.808'], ['G02.860.816'], ['D02.806.250.900', 'D08.211.935']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
New cofactors and inhibitors for a DNA-cleaving DNAzyme: superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide mediated an oxidative cleavage process.
|
Herein, we investigated the effects of new cofactors and inhibitors on an oxidative cleavage of DNA catalysis, known as a pistol-like DNAzyme (PLDz), to discuss its catalytic mechanism. PLDz performed its catalytic activity in the presence of ascorbic acid (AA), in which Cu2+ promoted, whereas Fe2+ significantly inhibited the catalytic function. Since Fe2+/AA-generated hydroxyl radicals are efficient on DNA damage, implying that oxidative cleavage of PLDz had no relation with hydroxyl radical. Subsequently, we used Fe2+/H2O2 and Cu2+/H2O2 to identify the role of hydroxyl radicals in PLDz catalysis. Data showed that PLDz lost its activity with Fe2+/H2O2, but exhibited significant cleavage with Cu2+/H2O2. Because Fe2+/H2O2 and Cu2+/H2O2 are popular reagents to generate hydroxyl radicals and the latter also produces superoxide anions, we excluded the possibility that hydroxyl radical participated in oxidative cleavage and confirmed that superoxide anion was involved in PLDz catalysis. Moreover, pyrogallol, riboflavin and hypoxanthine/xanthine oxidase with superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide generation also induced self-cleavage of PLDz, where catalase inhibited but superoxide dismutase promoted the catalysis, suggesting that hydrogen peroxide played an essential role in PLDz catalysis. Therefore, we proposed a catalytic mechanism of PLDz in which superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide mediated an oxidative cleavage process.
|
['DNA Cleavage', 'DNA, Catalytic', 'Hydrogen Peroxide', 'Hydroxyl Radical', 'Hypoxanthine', 'Oxidation-Reduction', 'Pyrogallol', 'Riboflavin', 'Superoxides', 'Xanthine']
| 28,336,968
|
[['G02.111.210', 'G05.193'], ['D08.811.165', 'D08.811.913.696.445.735.265', 'D13.444.308.243'], ['D01.248.497.158.685.750.424', 'D01.339.431.374.424', 'D01.650.550.750.400', 'D02.389.338.253'], ['D01.045.250.357', 'D01.248.497.158.459.300', 'D01.339.431.249'], ['D03.633.100.759.758.399.475'], ['G02.700', 'G03.295.531'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.657.800'], ['D03.633.100.733.315.650', 'D03.633.300.507.650', 'D08.211.474.650', 'D23.767.405.650'], ['D01.248.497.158.685.750.850', 'D01.339.431.374.850', 'D01.650.550.750.800', 'D02.389.338.732'], ['D03.132.960.938', 'D03.633.100.759.758.824.938']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Differentiation of recurrent tumor and posttreatment changes in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: application of high b-value diffusion-weighted imaging.
|
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: High b-value DWI has been expected to have an additional diagnostic role and demonstrated some promising results in head and neck cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic performance of DWI at a high b-value (b=2000 s/mm(2)) compared with a standard b-value (b=1000 s/mm(2)) and the ratio of ADC values of high and standard b-values for their ability to differentiate between recurrent tumor and posttreatment changes after the treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 33 patients diagnosed with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma were enrolled in the present study; all had contrast-enhancing lesions on follow-up MR imaging. All patients underwent single-shot echo-planar DWI at b=1000 s/mm(2) and b=2000 s/mm(2), and corresponding ADC maps were generated (ADC1000 and ADC2000, respectively). The mean ADC1000, ADC2000, and ADCratio (ADCratio = ADC2000/ADC1000 ? 100) values were evaluated within a manually placed ROI with contrast-enhanced T1-weighted images as references. For the statistical analysis, we performed a Student t test and multivariate logistic regression.RESULTS: The mean ADC1000 in recurrent tumor was significantly lower than that in posttreatment changes (P < .001), whereas the mean ADC2000 resulted in no significant difference (P = .365). The mean ADCratio was significantly higher in recurrent tumor than that in posttreatment changes (73.5 ± 7.2% vs 56.9 ± 8.8%, respectively; P < .001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the ADCratio was the only independently differentiating variable (P = .024). The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of ADCratio were 95.0%, 69.2%, and 84.8%, respectively, by use of the optimal cutoff value of 62.6%.CONCLUSIONS: We suggest that the ADCratio calculated from the ADC1000 and ADC2000 is a promising value for the differentiation of recurrent tumor and posttreatment changes in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Algorithms', 'Carcinoma, Squamous Cell', 'Diagnosis, Differential', 'Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Female', 'Head and Neck Neoplasms', 'Humans', 'Image Enhancement', 'Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasm Recurrence, Local', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 23,811,978
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['C04.557.470.200.400', 'C04.557.470.700.400'], ['E01.171'], ['E01.370.350.825.500.150'], ['C04.588.443'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.600.350', 'L01.224.308.380'], ['E01.158.600', 'E01.370.350.350', 'L01.313.500.750.100.158.600'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04.697.655', 'C23.550.727.655'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['C04.557.470.200.400.565', 'C04.588.443.177'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Clinical utility of an immunoradiometric assay for parathyroid hormone (1-84) in primary hyperparathyroidism.
|
The reliable diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism depends on the measurement of PTH. The PTH assays in widespread use measure not only the hormone but also hormone fragments, thus limiting the clinical utility of the assays. A new immunoradiometric assay (IRMA) using an antigenic determinant at the extreme amino-terminal of the PTH molecule detects only full-length PTH (1-84). We compared three PTH assays and determined the presence of PTH (1-84) and PTH fragments in serum and parathyroid adenomas of patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. We studied 56 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. PTH levels were increased in 63% using the midmolecule RIA; in 73% in the "intact" IRMA; and in 96% in the PTH (1-84)-IRMA. The PTH (1-84)-IRMA correlated with the other assays (midmolecule RIA R = +0.736; P < 0.0001; "intact"-IRMA R = +0.951; P < 0.0001) and indices of disease activity (serum calcium R = +0.511, P < 0.0001; alkaline phosphatase R = +0.489, P = 0.001; and radius bone density R = -0.366, P < 0.01). In 21 consecutive patients undergoing parathyroidectomy, 18 had parathyroid adenomas. Intact PTH was higher than PTH (1-84)-IRMA in both serum and glandular homogenates from these patients. Similar proportions of PTH (1-84) and hormone fragments were found in both adenomas [66 +/- 3% of "intact" PTH-reflected PTH (1-84) and sera (73 +/- 2% of "intact" PTH reflected PTH (1-84)]. We conclude that the PTH (1-84)-IRMA offers improved diagnostic sensitivity in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism than other currently available assays. This study also provides evidence that both PTH (1-84) and PTH fragments are produced in parathyroid adenomas and that peripheral metabolism of hormone and fragment does not alter the proportion of bioactive hormone.
|
['Adenoma', 'Epitopes', 'Evaluation Studies as Topic', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hyperparathyroidism', 'Immunoradiometric Assay', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Parathyroid Glands', 'Parathyroid Hormone', 'Parathyroid Neoplasms']
| 14,557,447
|
[['C04.557.470.035'], ['D23.050.550'], ['E05.337', 'N05.715.360.335'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C19.642.355'], ['E05.478.566.639.405', 'E05.601.470.639.405'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['A06.300.560'], ['D06.472.699.590', 'D12.644.548.587'], ['C04.588.322.525', 'C04.588.443.680', 'C19.344.525', 'C19.642.713']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Growth and sporulation of Bacillus subtilis mutants blocked in the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex.
|
Two "ACE" mutants of Bacillus subtilis which require acetate for growth on glucose minimal medium have been isolated. They do not grow with acetoin, 2,3-butanediol, fatty acids, isoleucine, lipoic acid, malic acid, pyruvic acid, succinic acid, thiamine, or valine, but respond somewhat to glutamate or citrate. The mutants lack the activity of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex; they excrete pyruvate and later acetoin. They grow in nutrient sporulation medium (NSMP) to one-half the normal turbidity and do not sporulate subsequently. When acetate is added to NSMP (at the optimal concentration of 0.07 m), the ACE mutants grow to the normal turbidity and then sporulate normally. Growth but not sporulation is restored in NSMP upon addition of 2,3-butanediol, citrate, glucose, glutamate, glycerol, or ribose, but not upon addition of acetoin, malate, oxaloacetate, pyruvate, and several other compounds. After growth in NSMP has stopped, the mutants incorporate uracil only at a very low rate, which can be increased by the addition of acetate, citrate, or glutamate. Furthermore, the metabolism of acetoin is prevented after growth has stopped but can be restored by the addition of acetate. All these results can be explained by a lack of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) resulting from the deficiency in acetylcoenzyme A. In fact, after growth of the ACE mutants had stopped, the NADH concentration was at the borderline of measurability, whereas it increased significantly upon addition of glucose. The growing standard strain contains, at the same bacterial turbidity, at least 20 times more NADH (230 pmole/optical density unit at 600 nm) than the nongrowing ACE mutants. The isolated spores, obtained after growth in NSMP plus acetate, can be initiated to germinate in the presence of either l-alanine or the combination of l-asparagine, fructose, glucose, and potassium; addition of acetate is not required and has no effect.
|
['Acetates', 'Bacillus subtilis', 'Carbon Isotopes', 'Citrates', 'Citric Acid Cycle', 'Culture Media', 'Glucose', 'Glutamates', 'Malates', 'Mutation', 'Oxidoreductases', 'Pyruvates', 'Spores', 'Uracil']
| 4,984,174
|
[['D02.241.081.018', 'D10.251.400.045'], ['B03.300.390.400.158.218.725', 'B03.353.500.100.218.725', 'B03.510.100.100.218.725', 'B03.510.415.400.158.218.725', 'B03.510.460.410.158.218.725'], ['D01.268.150.075', 'D01.496.123'], ['D02.241.081.901.434'], ['G02.111.165', 'G03.295.342', 'G03.493.170'], ['D27.720.470.305', 'E07.206'], ['D09.947.875.359.448'], ['D12.125.067.625', 'D12.125.119.409'], ['D02.241.081.337.463', 'D02.241.511.505'], ['G05.365.590'], ['D08.811.682'], ['D02.241.755.812'], ['A11.870', 'B05.775'], ['D03.383.742.698.875']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Inhibitory effect of Elephantopus mollis H.B. and K. extract on melanogenesis in B16 murine melanoma cells by downregulating microphthalmia-associated transcription factor expression.
|
In this study, the inhibitory effect of Elephantopus mollis H.B. and K. extract on melanogenesis in B16 murine melanoma cells was examined and possible mechanisms were elucidated. The melanin content in B16 cells decreased when they were treated with E. mollis extract. Inhibition was accompanied by reduced expression of tyrosinase (TYR) and tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TRP1). Furthermore, the expression level of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), a major transcriptional regulator of genes encoding melanogenic enzymes such as Tyr and Trp1, decreased as assessed by western blotting and quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). These results suggest that E. mollis extract reduces melanogenesis by downregulating Mitf expression, leading to reduced expression of Tyr and Trp1. In addition, melanocortin-1 receptor (MC1R) expression was downregulated by E. mollis extract, suggesting desensitization to á-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (á-MSH) of cells treated with the extract.
|
['Down-Regulation', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic', 'Humans', 'Melanins', 'Melanoma', 'Melanoma, Experimental', 'Membrane Glycoproteins', 'Microphthalmia-Associated Transcription Factor', 'Monophenol Monooxygenase', 'Oxidoreductases', 'Plant Extracts', 'Plants, Medicinal', 'Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 1', 'alpha-MSH']
| 20,834,163
|
[['G02.111.240', 'G05.308.200', 'G07.690.773.937'], ['G05.308.370'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.125.072.050.875.379', 'D23.767.620'], ['C04.557.465.625.650.510', 'C04.557.580.625.650.510', 'C04.557.665.510'], ['C04.557.465.625.650.510.525', 'C04.557.580.625.650.510.525', 'C04.557.665.510.525', 'C04.619.600', 'E05.598.500.496.937'], ['D12.776.395.550', 'D12.776.543.550'], ['D12.776.260.103.500.500', 'D12.776.260.108.092.500', 'D12.776.930.125.500.500', 'D12.776.930.127.092.500'], ['D08.811.682.690.708.125.500'], ['D08.811.682'], ['D20.215.784.500', 'D26.667'], ['B01.650.560'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.430.500', 'D12.776.543.750.720.600.285.500.500', 'D12.776.543.750.750.555.285.500.500', 'D12.776.543.750.750.660.285.500.500'], ['D06.472.699.327.935.179', 'D06.472.699.327.935.531.750.050', 'D06.472.699.631.525.600.179', 'D06.472.699.631.525.600.531.750.050', 'D12.644.400.400.935.179', 'D12.644.400.400.935.531.750.050', 'D12.644.400.460.050', 'D12.644.548.365.935.179', 'D12.644.548.365.935.531.750.050', 'D12.644.548.691.525.690.179', 'D12.644.548.691.525.690.531.750.050', 'D12.776.631.650.405.935.179', 'D12.776.631.650.405.935.531.750.050', 'D12.776.631.650.460.050']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Phytoavailability and fractionation of copper, manganese, and zinc in soil following application of two composts to four crops.
|
Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of compost addition to soil on fractionation and bioavailability of Cu, Mn, and Zn to four crops. Soils growing Swiss chard (Beta vulgaris var. cicla L.) and basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) were amended (by volume) with 0, 20, 40, and 60% Source-Separated Municipal Solid Waste (SS-MSW) compost, and dill (Anethum graveolens L.) and peppermint (Mentha X piperita L.) were amended with 0, 20, 40, and 60% of high-Cu manure compost (by volume). The SS-MSW compost applications increased the concentration of Cu and Zn in all fractions, increased Mn in acid extractable (ACID), iron and manganese oxides (FeMnOX), and organic matter (OM) fractions, but decreased slightly exchangeable-Mn. Addition of 60% high-Cu manure compost to the soil increased Cu EXCH, ACID, FeMnOX, and OM fractions, but decreased EXCH-Mn, and did not change EXCH-Zn. Addition of both composts to soil reduced bioavailability and transfer factors for Cu and Zn. Our results suggest that mature SS-MSW and manure composts with excess Cu and Zn could be safely used as soil conditioners for agricultural crops.
|
['Anethum graveolens', 'Beta vulgaris', 'Biological Availability', 'Copper', 'Linear Models', 'Manganese', 'Manure', 'Mentha piperita', 'Metals, Heavy', 'Ocimum basilicum', 'Soil Pollutants', 'Vegetables', 'Zinc']
| 15,234,085
|
[['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.075.077'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.200.399'], ['G03.787.151', 'G07.690.725.129'], ['D01.268.556.195', 'D01.268.956.170', 'D01.552.544.195'], ['E05.318.740.500.500', 'E05.318.740.750.425', 'E05.599.835.750', 'N05.715.360.750.530.460', 'N05.715.360.750.695.460', 'N06.850.520.830.500.500', 'N06.850.520.830.750.425'], ['D01.268.556.484', 'D01.268.956.374', 'D01.552.544.484'], ['D20.601'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.583.520.483.444'], ['D01.268.556', 'D01.552.544'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.583.520.647.500'], ['D27.888.284.756'], ['B01.650.160.956', 'B01.650.510.956', 'G07.203.300.850', 'J02.500.850'], ['D01.268.556.940', 'D01.268.956.906', 'D01.552.544.940']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Expression profile analysis of the polygalacturonase-inhibiting protein genes in rice and their responses to phytohormones and fungal infection.
|
UNLABELLED: Polygalacturonase-inhibiting proteins (PGIPs) are typically leucine-rich repeat (LRR) proteins that can inhibit the activity of fungal polygalacturonases (PGs). In this study, two new Ospgip genes, named Ospgip6 and Ospgip7 with consensus sequence of ten imperfect LRR motif located on rice chromosomes 8 and 9, were identified using BLAST analysis. Both of them appear to be extracellular glycoproteins. To have a global view of the dynamic gene expression pattern, seven Ospgip genes were first analyzed using the Affymetrix rice genome array data from online resource. All of these seven Ospgip genes showed variable expression patterns among tissues/organs. In order to further investigate the potential function of these Ospgip genes, the responses of Ospgip genes to the treatment of various phytohormones (abscisic acid, brassinosteroid, gibberellic acid, 3-indole acetic acid, jasmonic acid, kinetin, naphthalene acetic acid and salicylic acid) as well as fungal infection were analyzed by real-time PCR using time course array. Generally, all the Ospgip genes were slightly up-regulated in the indica rice cultivar Minghui 63 under GA(3), KT and NAA treatments (except Ospgip2, which was down-regulated under KT treatment). In the japonica rice cultivar Zhonghua 11, Ospgip genes were regulated by most treatments with the response time variability. We also analyzed putative cis-elements in the promoter regions of Ospgip genes. This dataset provided a versatile resource to understand the regulatory network of Ospgip genes during the process of phytohormones treatment and fungal infection in the model monocotyledonous plant, rice, and could aid in the transgenic breeding against rice fungal diseases.KEY MESSAGE: All the seven Ospgip genes showed variable expression patterns in Minghui 63 and their expressions were regulated by different phytohormone treatments or fungal infection in Minghui 63 and Zhonghua 11.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Computational Biology', 'Gene Expression Profiling', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Plant', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis', 'Oryza', 'Phylogeny', 'Plant Growth Regulators', 'Plant Proteins', 'Promoter Regions, Genetic', 'Rhizoctonia', 'Transcriptome']
| 22,362,377
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['H01.158.273.180', 'L01.313.124'], ['E05.393.332'], ['G05.308.375'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['E05.393.661.640', 'E05.393.760.640', 'E05.588.570.660', 'E05.601.640'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.822.616'], ['G05.697', 'G16.075.605', 'L01.100.697'], ['D27.505.696.377.760'], ['D12.776.765'], ['G02.111.570.080.689.675', 'G05.360.080.689.675', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.750.680'], ['B01.300.381.740'], ['G02.111.873.750', 'G05.297.700.750', 'G05.360.920']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Complete deficiency of adenine phosphoribosyl transferase: report of a new family.
|
We report a case of 2,8-dihydroxyadenine urinary lithiasis with complete deficiency of adenine phosphoribosyl transferase. Adenine phosphoribosyl transferase activities in the erythrocytes, lymphocytes and granulocytes of the patient's family also were determined. The propositus and her younger brother were homozygotes for adenine phosphoribosyl transferase deficiency and her parents were heterozygotes. This is the third family with this disease to be reported.
|
['Adenine', 'Adenine Phosphoribosyltransferase', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Pentosyltransferases', 'Urinary Calculi']
| 6,887,386
|
[['D03.633.100.759.138'], ['D08.811.913.400.725.100'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D08.811.913.400.725'], ['C12.777.967.500', 'C13.351.968.967.500', 'C23.300.175.850']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
The Berne-Munich Lifestyle Panel. Background and baseline results from a longitudinal health lifestyle survey.
|
The Berne-Munich Lifestyle Panel (BMLP) studies health relevant lifestyles among some 2000 adults in Switzerland and Germany. This paper introduces the theoretical background and empirical concept of the BMLP. Sociological theory provided the guidelines for the development of an empirical model that measures structures and dynamics of health lifestyles. Health lifestyles are explained as the product of the complex interplay between health related behaviours, orientations and social resources. Residents of Berne (Switzerland) and Munich (Germany) in the age between 55 and 65 years were contacted in 12 months periods and interviewed by telephone (CATI). The questionnaire comprised some 200 questions on selected aspects of health lifestyles and health status. Interviews were conducted in two waves in Munich (1996 and 1997) and three waves in Berne (1996/97/98). The paper reports findings from baseline data analysis and explores cultural differentiations with respect to the distribution of 1. health relevant behaviours, orientations and social resources, 2. triggers of lifestyle change (life events), 3. mediating factors (Health Locus of Control, Sense of Coherence). Initial results from the search for patterns of health behaviours are also reported. The findings show considerable differences but also impressive similarities in health lifestyle elements across the two samples. There is also preliminary evidence for meaningful patterns of health behaviours in the cohort under investigation. Moreover, the findings clearly demonstrate the need for a gender specific approach in the analysis of cultural differences in health behaviours and lifestyles.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Cross-Cultural Comparison', 'Female', 'Germany', 'Health Behavior', 'Health Status', 'Health Surveys', 'Humans', 'Life Style', 'Longitudinal Studies', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Socioeconomic Factors', 'Switzerland', 'Urban Population']
| 10,436,489
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['I01.076.201.450.281', 'I01.880.853.100.257'], ['Z01.542.315'], ['F01.145.488'], ['I01.240.425', 'N01.224.425', 'N06.850.505.400.425'], ['E05.318.308.980.438', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.829.458'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['I01.880.853.996', 'N01.824'], ['Z01.542.883'], ['N01.600.900']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Occipital artery-to-posterior inferior cerebellar artery bypass for treatment of bilateral vertebral artery occlusion: the role of quantitative magnetic resonance angiography noninvasive optimal vessel analysis: technical case report.
|
OBJECTIVE: Patients with partial or complete bilateral vertebral artery occlusion often present with signs and symptoms of transient ischemic attacks or infarction. Advances in phase contrast magnetic resonance imaging have led to noninvasive assessment of volumetric blood flow rates and direction that help in the workup and management of these patients.CLINICAL PRESENTATION: We present the case of a patient with symptoms of vertebrobasilar insufficiency without previous transient ischemic attacks or stroke. Quantitative magnetic resonance angiography (QMRA) demonstrated bilateral vertebral artery occlusion with reversal of flow in the basilar and vertebral arteries to the level of the posterior inferior cerebellar arteries bilaterally. A prominent right posterior communicating artery filled the basilar artery and proximal vertebral arteries.INTERVENTION: The presence of reversal and diminished flow in the basilar and vertebral arteries suggested that occipital artery-to-posterior inferior cerebellar artery bypass would improve posterior circulation, relieve symptoms, and reduce the risk of infarction. Postoperative QMRA and angiography confirmed revascularization, and QMRA confirmed correction of blood flow direction.CONCLUSION: This case illustrates the potential of QMRA as part of a comprehensive cerebrovascular assessment, operative planning, and follow-up of patients with vertebrobasilar insufficiency.
|
['Adult', 'Cerebral Arteries', 'Cerebral Revascularization', 'Humans', 'Magnetic Resonance Angiography', 'Male', 'Vertebrobasilar Insufficiency']
| 19,349,810
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['A07.015.114.228'], ['E04.100.814.868.625', 'E04.494.150'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.825.500.500', 'E01.370.370.050.500'], ['C10.228.140.300.150.956', 'C14.907.253.092.956']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Natural peppermint-flavored cheese.
|
BACKGROUND: The essential oils of edible and medicinal plants, herbs and spices are natural biologically ac- tive agents. Peppermint has a special position in Egyptian culture and is used as fresh or dried leaves. One of the main aims of the food industry is to manufacture products with good sensory acceptance. The present study aims to produce a novel attractive cheese with a low concentration of natural peppermint (Mentha piperita) essential oil (PEO). Moreover, PEO volatile composition, total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activity extracted by the hydro-distillation of peppermint fresh leaves were investigated.METHODS: Volatile components of PEO were identified using a GC-MS instrument. Total phenolic content and antioxidant activity were determined using the DPPH radical scavenging method for PEO. Moreover, PEO-flavored cheeses at a level of 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 ppm compared to plain cheese were analyzed for sensorial, chemical and rheological properties during storage at 5°C.RESULTS: Identification of PEO’s volatile compounds using GC-MS with a flame ionization detector analy- sis showed that the main components were menthol (37.62%), menthone (20.98%), carvone (11.76%), dihydro carveol acetate (11.23%), cineol (5.89%), β-caryophyllene (2.94), limonene (2.78%) and iso-menthone (2.39). Moreover, the antioxidant activity of PEO was 56.03 (%) with a TPC of 0.299 (mg/ml). Sensory evaluation of cheese showed the flavor and body and texture of PEO-flavored cheeses were higher than plain cheese during the storage period. There were no significant (p ≤ 0.05) differences in the cheese’s appearance nor in the chemical composition of plain and PEO-flavored cheeses. However, the TVFA and SN of plain cheese was significantly (p ≤ 0.05) lower than PEO cheeses at the level of 60, 80 and 100 ppm during the storage period.CONCLUSIONS: Hydro-distillation of Egyptian peppermint leaves revealed a lot of volatile compounds and antioxidant activity for the resulting essential oil; Moreover, the presence of PEO in cheese leading to enhanced TVFA and SN nitrogen contents compared to plain cheese may offer a novel flavored cheese with desirable multifunctional health effects in humans. Peppermint-flavored cheese was more accepted than plain cheese and survived without any defects until the end of the cheese storage period.
|
['Animals', 'Antioxidants', 'Buffaloes', 'Cheese', 'Drosophila Proteins', 'Flavoring Agents', 'Humans', 'MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases', 'Mentha piperita', 'Oils, Volatile', 'Plant Extracts', 'Plant Leaves']
| 30,927,754
|
[['B01.050'], ['D27.505.519.217', 'D27.505.696.706.125', 'D27.720.799.047'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.135'], ['G07.203.200.500.444', 'G07.203.300.350.300.444', 'J02.350.500.444', 'J02.500.350.300.444'], ['D12.776.093.500.462'], ['D26.650.294', 'D27.720.372.300.353', 'D27.720.744.294', 'G07.203.300.514.500.400', 'J02.500.514.500.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.559', 'D12.644.360.400', 'D12.776.476.400'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.583.520.483.444'], ['D10.627.675'], ['D20.215.784.500', 'D26.667'], ['A18.024.812']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
One-Stage versus Two-Stage Arteriovenous Loop Reconstructions: An Experience on 103 Cases from a Single Center.
|
BACKGROUND: The optimal time for flap anastomosis to an arteriovenous loop remains controversial. Whether perforator flaps and axially vascularized muscle or fasciocutaneous flaps lead to comparable outcomes in conjunction with arteriovenous loops has not been investigated.METHODS: Medical records from 103 patients undergoing arteriovenous loop reconstruction (76 one-stage and 27 two-stage) between 2007 and 2017 were reviewed. Postoperative outcomes were compared between one- and two-stage arteriovenous loop reconstructions and different types of free flaps.RESULTS: Rates of flap thrombosis, major wound complications, and flap failure did not differ significantly between one- and two-stage arteriovenous loop reconstructions (14.47 percent versus 11.11 percent, p = 1.00; 30.26 percent versus 25.93 percent, p = 0.67; and 10.53 percent versus 7.41 percent, p = 1.00). For two-stage arteriovenous loop reconstructions, the time interval between arteriovenous loop placement and flap anastomosis was a predictor for thrombotic events (OR, 1.31; p < 0.05). Anterolateral thigh flaps in conjunction with arteriovenous loops showed higher failure rates (33.33 percent) compared with all other flaps (6.59 percent) (p < 0.05) and combined latissimus dorsi and parascapular flaps (0 percent) (p < 0.05). Thrombosis rates were higher in anterolateral thigh flaps (33.33 percent) compared with all other flaps (10.99 percent; p = 0.056), and combined latissimus dorsi and parascapular flaps (0 percent; p < 0.05).CONCLUSIONS: Two-stage arteriovenous loop reconstructions do not lead to increased postoperative complications compared to one-stage arteriovenous loop reconstructions and may be favorable in complicated cases because of shorter operative times. To avoid an increased thrombosis risk, flap anastomosis should not be delayed beyond 10 days in two-stage arteriovenous loop reconstructions. Anterolateral thigh flaps are less suitable for arteriovenous loop reconstructions because of higher complication rates.CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic, III.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Anastomosis, Surgical', 'Child', 'Female', 'Free Tissue Flaps', 'Graft Occlusion, Vascular', 'Graft Rejection', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Reconstructive Surgical Procedures', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Thrombosis', 'Time Factors', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Vascular Grafting', 'Young Adult']
| 30,624,338
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['E04.035'], ['M01.060.406'], ['A10.850.710.500', 'E07.862.710.500'], ['C23.550.767.400'], ['G12.875.545.328'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E04.680'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['C14.907.355.830'], ['G01.910.857'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['E04.100.814.868'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) and acute kidney injury: A secondary analysis of renal study outcomes.
|
BACKGROUND: Mortality in intensive care unit (ICU) patients with acute kidney injury (AKI) remains high. Previous studies have explored the role of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) with variable findings.METHODS: The Randomized Evaluation of Normal versus Augmented Level Replacement Therapy (RENAL) Study recruited 1508 participants requiring dialysis in ICU between 2006 and 2009. Statin use was recorded at study baseline. Multivariate Cox modelling was used to assess associations of such statin use and all-cause mortality. Propensity score analysis was performed for sensitivity analysis. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality at 90 days.RESULTS: Of the 1462 participants with the available data on statin usage, 187 (12.8%) received statin therapy at baseline. Participants who receiving statins were older (P < 0.001), less likely to have sepsis or require mechanical ventilation (P < 0.001). Multivariable analysis showed statin use did not have significant associations with mortality at both day 28 (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.053, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.784-1.415, P = 0.730) and day 90 (HR = 1.091, 95% CI = 0.836-1.424, P = 0.520). Propensity score analysis confirmed the lack of association between statin use and mortality at day 90 (HR = 1.042, 95% CI = 0.734-1.479, P = 0.819). However, in septic patients, multivariable analysis suggested statin therapy was associated with a trend to higher mortality at day 90 (HR = 1.688, 95% CI = 1.132-2.519, P = 0.010) and continuation of statins was associated with higher mortality (HR = 2.160, 95% CI = 1.296-3.599, P = 0.003), compared with statin withdrawal.CONCLUSION: In the RENAL study cohort, baseline statin use was not associated with mortality. Our findings do not support a protective role of statins in ICU patients with severe AKI. Clinical Trials registration number for the RENAL study: NCT00221013, the date of registration: September 14, 2005.
|
['Acute Kidney Injury', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Cause of Death', 'Critical Illness', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors', 'Intensive Care Units', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic', 'Renal Dialysis', 'Risk Assessment', 'Risk Factors', 'Sepsis', 'Time Factors', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 31,058,387
|
[['C12.777.419.780.050', 'C13.351.968.419.780.050'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.250', 'N01.224.935.698.100', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.250', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.250'], ['C23.550.291.625'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D27.505.519.186.071.202.370', 'D27.505.519.389.370', 'D27.505.954.557.500.202.370'], ['N02.278.388.493'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.372.250.250.365.500', 'N05.715.360.330.250.250.365.500', 'N06.850.520.450.250.250.365.500'], ['E02.870.300', 'E02.912.800'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.715', 'N04.452.871.715', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.690', 'N06.850.505.715', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.715'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['C01.757', 'C23.550.470.790.500'], ['G01.910.857'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Generation of toxic degradation products by sonication of Pluronic® dispersants: implications for nanotoxicity testing.
|
Poloxamers (known by the trade name Pluronic®) are triblock copolymer surfactants that contain two polyethylene glycol blocks and one polypropylene glycol block of various sizes. Poloxamers are widely used as nanoparticle dispersants for nanotoxicity studies wherein nanoparticles are sonicated with a dispersant to prepare suspensions. It is known that poloxamers can be degraded during sonication and that reactive oxygen species contribute to the degradation process. However, the possibility that poloxamer degradation products are toxic to mammalian cells has not been well studied. We report here that aqueous solutions of poloxamer 188 (Pluronic® F-68) and poloxamer 407 (Pluronic® F-127) sonicated in the presence or absence of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) can became highly toxic to cultured cells. Moreover, toxicity correlated with the sonolytic degradation of the polymers. These findings suggest that caution should be used in interpreting the results of nanotoxicity studies where the potential sonolytic degradation of dispersants was not controlled.
|
['Animals', 'Cell Culture Techniques', 'Cell Line', 'Cell Survival', 'Glutathione', 'Kidney', 'Microscopy, Phase-Contrast', 'Nanotubes, Carbon', 'Poloxamer', 'Rats', 'Reactive Oxygen Species', 'Serum Albumin, Bovine', 'Sonication', 'Suspensions', 'Toxicity Tests']
| 23,030,523
|
[['B01.050'], ['E01.370.225.500.223', 'E05.200.500.265', 'E05.242.223', 'E05.481.500.249'], ['A11.251.210'], ['G04.346'], ['D12.644.456.448'], ['A05.810.453'], ['E01.370.350.515.513.569', 'E05.490.630.569', 'E05.595.513.569'], ['D01.268.150.250.500', 'J01.637.512.850.500'], ['D02.033.455.250.700.682', 'D05.750.741.667', 'D25.720.741.667', 'J01.637.051.720.741.667'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['D01.339.431', 'D01.650.775'], ['D12.776.034.841.540', 'D12.776.124.727.875'], ['E05.848'], ['D20.280.810', 'D26.255.165.810'], ['E05.940']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Evidence for an increase in adrenergic nerve function in blood vessels from experimental hypertensive rabbits.
|
The possibility of changes in the adrenergic innervation of blood vessels in experimental hypertension was investigated by measuring arterial norepinephrine content, neuronal uptake of norepinephrine, and the neurogenic contractile response in rabbits made hypertensive by partial constriction of the abdominal aorta proximal to the kidneys. Two to 3 weeks after surgery, norepinephrine content was increased in the arteries above the ligature, where arterial blood pressure was increased, but not in the arteries below the ligature, where arterial blood pressure was normal, in the heart, or in the veins. Neuronal norepinephrine uptake per unit length of vessel and the neurogenic contractile response increased with the rise in arterial blood pressure. The neurogenic contractile response can be taken as an indication of an increase in transmitter release. The results taken together suggest an increase in the function and possibly the amount of the adrenergic neuroneal terminal in hypertension. Since the distributions of the changes in the adrenergic innervation and the increases in smooth muscle cell proliferation in hypertension are similar, these two processes may be interrelated.
|
['Animals', 'Aorta, Abdominal', 'Blood Pressure', 'Blood Vessels', 'Constriction', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Hypertension', 'Nerve Endings', 'Neurons', 'Neurotransmitter Agents', 'Norepinephrine', 'Rabbits', 'Sympathetic Nervous System', 'Vasomotor System']
| 241,508
|
[['B01.050'], ['A07.015.114.056.205'], ['E01.370.600.875.249', 'G09.330.380.076'], ['A07.015'], ['E05.225'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['C14.907.489'], ['A08.800.550'], ['A08.675', 'A11.671'], ['D27.505.519.625', 'D27.505.696.577'], ['D02.033.100.291.502', 'D02.092.063.480', 'D02.092.211.215.746', 'D02.092.311.830', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.175.830'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.968.700'], ['A08.800.050.800'], ['A08.800.050.800.900']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Perioperative management of a patient with myasthenia gravis using dexmedetomidine].
|
We performed two successive operations in a 39-year-old pregnant woman with myasthenia gravis (MG) with perioperative administration of dexmedetomidine. The first was an emergency cesarean section at 28 weeks' gestation. The patient was administered vecuronium, a muscle relaxant during the operation. She was sedated with dexmedetomidine for prolonged postoperative intubation until she was conscious and the effects of vecuronium had worn off. Extubation was successfully performed within half an hour of regaining consciousness. The second operation was an extended thymectomy performed under general anesthesia. Dexmedetomidine was administered intravenously as an adjunctive anesthetic without vecuronium. Extubation was successfully performed immediately after the operation. Here, we report a successful perioperative management with dexmedetomidine in a patient with MG, without any complications. Although dexmedetomidine has been considered useful for perioperative management of patients with MG, further consideration regarding its use in such cases is needed.
|
['Adult', 'Cesarean Section', 'Dexmedetomidine', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Myasthenia Gravis', 'Neuromuscular Agents', 'Perioperative Care', 'Pregnancy', 'Thymectomy']
| 19,928,518
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E04.520.252.500'], ['D03.383.129.308.245'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.588.614.550.500', 'C04.730.856.490', 'C10.114.656', 'C10.574.781.588', 'C10.668.758.725', 'C20.111.258.500'], ['D27.505.696.663.700'], ['E02.760.731', 'E04.604', 'N02.421.585.722'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['E04.928.770']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Transvaginal sonographic diagnosis of live monochorionic twin ectopic pregnancy.
|
Ectopic pregnancy is a leading cause of pregnancy-related deaths; its incidence has progressively increased in recent years. Spontaneous twin ectopic pregnancy, however, is extremely rare. Among more than 100 reported cases of twin tubal pregnancies, only 5 cases in which fetal cardiac motion has been visualized in both embryos have been reported. We describe an additional case of a live monochorionic twin ectopic pregnancy in a patient with no predisposing factor. With transabdominal sonography, we initially diagnosed a single ectopic pregnancy, visualized as an ill-defined mass in the left adnexa. However, with transvaginal sonography, we determined the left adnexal mass to contain a single monochorionic gestational sac with 2 embryos, each with cardiac motion. These findings were confirmed with color Doppler sonography and at laparotomy. The introduction of high-resolution transvaginal sonography has resulted in the earlier diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy and has contributed to a recent decrease in the maternal mortality and morbidity associated with this condition.
|
['Adult', 'Female', 'Fetal Heart', 'Humans', 'Pregnancy', 'Pregnancy, Ectopic', 'Pregnancy, Multiple', 'Twins', 'Ultrasonography']
| 11,807,857
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['A07.541.278', 'A16.378.303'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['C13.703.733'], ['G08.686.784.769.545'], ['M01.438.873'], ['E01.370.350.850']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Enzyme kinetics of a highly purified mitochondrial creatine kinase in comparison with cytosolic forms.
|
Mitochondrial creatine kinase (CK) purified from canine myocardium showed a single protein band on SDS-PAGE and was free of MMCK. Its amino acid composition was different than MMCK or BBCK and did not react to antiserum to MMCK or BBCK. Using purified mitochondrial, MM and BBCK, the velocity of reaction (V) was estimated for creatine phosphate (CP), creatine (C), adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and adenosine diphosphate (ADP) over a wide range of concentrations including those at Vmax. The values for Km (mM/L) derived from Lineweaver-Burke plots are shown: (Table: see text). The affinity of mitochondrial CK for C is much greater than MMCK which is compatible with the energy shuttle hypothesis, namely ATP is converted by mitochondrial CK to CP, and then diffuses to the myofibril for conversion to ATP for utilization.
|
['Amino Acids', 'Animals', 'Creatine Kinase', 'Cytosol', 'Dogs', 'Immunochemistry', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Isoenzymes', 'Kinetics', 'Mitochondria, Heart', 'Molecular Weight', 'Myocardium']
| 4,047,027
|
[['D12.125'], ['B01.050'], ['D08.811.913.696.640.150'], ['A11.284.430.214.200', 'A11.284.430.429.200', 'A11.284.835.450.200'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.250.216.200'], ['H01.158.201.486', 'H01.181.122.605', 'H02.403.044.500'], ['E05.481'], ['D08.811.348', 'D12.776.800.300'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.564.627.603', 'A11.284.835.626.627.603'], ['G02.494'], ['A02.633.580', 'A07.541.704', 'A10.690.552.750']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Prdm proto-oncogene transcription factor family expression and interaction with the Notch-Hes pathway in mouse neurogenesis.
|
BACKGROUND: Establishment and maintenance of a functional central nervous system (CNS) requires a highly orchestrated process of neural progenitor cell proliferation, cell cycle exit, and differentiation. An evolutionary conserved program consisting of Notch signalling mediated by basic Helix-Loop-Helix (bHLH) transcription factor activity is necessary for both the maintenance of neural progenitor cell character and the progression of neurogenesis; however, additional players in mammalian CNS neural specification remain largely unknown. In Drosophila we recently characterized Hamlet, a transcription factor that mediates Notch signalling and neural cell fate.METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Hamlet is a member of the Prdm (PRDI-BF1 and RIZ homology domain containing) proto-oncogene transcription factor family, and in this study we report that multiple genes in the Prdm family (Prdm6, 8, 12, 13 and 16) are expressed in the developing mouse CNS in a spatially and temporally restricted manner. In developing spinal cord Prdm8, 12 and 13 are expressed in precise neuronal progenitor zones suggesting that they may specify discrete neuronal subtypes. In developing telencephalon Prdm12 and 16 are expressed in the ventricular zone in a lateral to medial graded manner, and Prdm8 is expressed in a complementary domain in postmitotic neurons. In postnatal brain Prdm8 additionally shows restricted expression in cortical layers 2/3 and 4, the hippocampus, and the amygdala. To further elucidate roles of Prdm8 and 16 in the developing telencephalon we analyzed the relationship between these factors and the bHLH Hes (Hairy and enhancer of split homolog) effectors of Notch signalling. In Hes null telencephalon neural differentiation is enhanced, Prdm8 expression is upregulated, and Prdm16 expression is downregulated; conversely in utero electroporation of Hes1 into the developing telencephalon upregulates Prdm16 expression.CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Our data demonstrate that Prdm genes are regulated by the Notch-Hes pathway and represent strong candidates to control neural class specification and the sequential progression of mammalian CNS neurogenesis.
|
['Animals', 'Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors', 'Central Nervous System', 'Embryonic Development', 'Gene Expression', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'In Situ Hybridization', 'Mice', 'Multigene Family', 'Neurogenesis', 'Neurons', 'Proto-Oncogenes', 'Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Transcription Factors']
| 19,050,759
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.776.260.103', 'D12.776.930.125'], ['A08.186'], ['G07.345.500.325.180', 'G08.686.784.170.104'], ['G05.297'], ['G05.308'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.670.325', 'E01.370.225.750.600.670.325', 'E05.200.500.620.670.325', 'E05.200.750.600.670.325', 'E05.393.661.475'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.645'], ['G04.152.912', 'G07.345.500.325.377.687', 'G08.686.784.170.450.500', 'G11.561.620'], ['A08.675', 'A11.671'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.375.500.791'], ['E05.393.620.500.725'], ['D12.776.930']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Filippi syndrome: two cases with ectodermal features, expanding the phenotype.
|
We report two unrelated children with Filippi syndrome. Both show typical facial dysmorphism, syndactyly of fingers and toes, growth retardation, postnatal microcephaly and developmental delay, particularly involving speech. In addition both children have unusual teeth and hair. We review the literature and propose that neurological and ectodermal involvement may be under-recognised features of the syndrome.
|
['Adolescent', 'Child, Preschool', 'Developmental Disabilities', 'Facies', 'Hair', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Male', 'Microcephaly', 'Syndactyly', 'Syndrome', 'Tooth Abnormalities']
| 15,365,457
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['F03.625.421'], ['C23.550.291.812', 'E01.370.600.230'], ['A17.360'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['C05.660.207.620', 'C10.500.507.400.500', 'C16.131.621.207.620', 'C16.131.666.507.400.500'], ['C05.116.099.370.894.819', 'C05.660.585.800', 'C05.660.906.819', 'C16.131.621.585.800', 'C16.131.621.906.819'], ['C23.550.288.500'], ['C07.650.800', 'C07.793.700', 'C16.131.850.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Alpha-adrenoceptor properties in rat strains sensitive or resistant to salt-induced hypertension.
|
Cerebral and renal alpha 2-adrenoceptors are implicated in the control of sympathetic activity and of sodium reabsorption respectively. In addition, sodium ions play an important role in the regulation of either alpha 2-adrenoceptor densities and affinities for adrenergic agonists. In the present study, alpha-adrenoceptor properties were investigated in genetically predetermined salt-sensitive and salt-resistant Dahl and Sabra rats. Cerebral alpha 2-adrenoceptor densities were higher in salt-resistant than in salt-sensitive Dahl and Sabra rats. In contrast, renal alpha 2-adrenoceptor density was higher in salt-sensitive than in salt-resistant rats. No difference in cerebral and renal alpha 1-adrenoceptor densities was observed between Dahl and Sabra substrains. Noradrenaline content in cerebral and renal cortex were also similar in both these rat substrains. Sodium ions markedly increased cerebral and renal high-affinity alpha 2-adrenoceptor densities in salt-sensitive but not in salt-resistant rats. Cerebral and renal alpha 1-adrenoceptor densities were unchanged in salt-sensitive and salt-resistant substrains of Dahl and Sabra rats. In addition, sodium ions reduced the affinity of adrenaline for renal alpha 2-adrenoceptors in salt-sensitive rats but not in salt-resistant rats. We can conclude that there exist genetically determined differences in the densities and properties of cerebral and renal alpha 2-adrenoceptors between salt-sensitive and salt-resistant rat strains. Abnormal densities of alpha 2-adrenoceptors may play a primary role in the role in the development of hypertension in salt-sensitive animals. These results also suggest an association between absence of sodium regulation of alpha 2-adrenoceptors and resistance to salt-induced hypertension. The absence of sodium regulation in salt-resistant rats may be linked either to a particular receptor conformation or to an abnormal structure of the receptor system. This property may represent a genetically-mediated change responsible for the resistance to the development of salt-induced hypertension.
|
['Animals', 'Cerebral Cortex', 'Hypertension', 'Kidney Cortex', 'Kinetics', 'Male', 'Norepinephrine', 'Prazosin', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Strains', 'Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha', 'Sodium Chloride', 'Species Specificity', 'Yohimbine']
| 2,558,064
|
[['B01.050'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500'], ['C14.907.489'], ['A05.810.453.324'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['D02.033.100.291.502', 'D02.092.063.480', 'D02.092.211.215.746', 'D02.092.311.830', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.175.830'], ['D03.633.100.786.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400'], ['D12.776.543.750.670.300.300.300', 'D12.776.543.750.695.150.300.300', 'D12.776.543.750.720.330.300.300'], ['D01.210.450.150.875', 'D01.857.650'], ['G16.824'], ['D03.132.436.681.933', 'D03.633.100.473.402.681.933', 'D03.633.100.496.500.500.681.933']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
MDM2 restrains estrogen-mediated AKT activation by promoting TBK1-dependent HPIP degradation.
|
Restoration of p53 tumor suppressor function through inhibition of its interaction and/or enzymatic activity of its E3 ligase, MDM2, is a promising therapeutic approach to treat cancer. However, because the MDM2 targetome extends beyond p53, MDM2 inhibition may also cause unwanted activation of oncogenic pathways. Accordingly, we identified the microtubule-associated HPIP, a positive regulator of oncogenic AKT signaling, as a novel MDM2 substrate. MDM2-dependent HPIP degradation occurs in breast cancer cells on its phosphorylation by the estrogen-activated kinase TBK1. Importantly, decreasing Mdm2 gene dosage in mouse mammary epithelial cells potentiates estrogen-dependent AKT activation owing to HPIP stabilization. In addition, we identified HPIP as a novel p53 transcriptional target, and pharmacological inhibition of MDM2 causes p53-dependent increase in HPIP transcription and also prevents HPIP degradation by turning off TBK1 activity. Our data indicate that p53 reactivation through MDM2 inhibition may result in ectopic AKT oncogenic activity by maintaining HPIP protein levels.
|
['Animals', 'Breast Neoplasms', 'Drug Resistance, Neoplasm', 'Estrogen Receptor alpha', 'Estrogens', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins', 'MCF-7 Cells', 'Mice', 'Phosphorylation', 'Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mdm2', 'Signal Transduction', 'Tamoxifen', 'Tumor Suppressor Protein p53']
| 24,488,098
|
[['B01.050'], ['C04.588.180', 'C17.800.090.500'], ['G07.690.773.984.395'], ['D12.776.826.750.350.174'], ['D27.505.696.399.472.277'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.644.360', 'D12.776.476'], ['A11.251.210.190.630'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['G02.111.665', 'G02.607.780', 'G03.796'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.755', 'D12.776.476.565', 'D12.776.624.664.700.168'], ['D08.811.464.938.750.562', 'D12.776.624.664.700.185', 'D12.776.660.764'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.150.700.900'], ['D12.776.157.687.650', 'D12.776.260.820', 'D12.776.624.776.775', 'D12.776.660.720.650', 'D12.776.744.845']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Smoked and smokeless tobacco use among pulmonary tuberculosis patients under RNTCP in urban Puducherry, India.
|
BACKGROUND: Smoking is associated with unfavourable treatment outcomes like failures and defaults among the TB patients.OBJECTIVES: To study the prevalence and pattern of tobacco use among the pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) patients in urban Pondicherry and study the association of various socio-demographic variables with current smoked and smokeless tobacco users.METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 235 PTB patients from 6 randomly selected urban PHCs of Pondicherry from Jan 2013 to March 2014. Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence was used. Chi-square test and multiple-logistic regression were done.RESULTS: Prevalence of smoking among the PTB patients at the time of TB diagnosis was 35.3%, whereas the same during the continuation phase (CP) was 23.4%. Among 83 smokers at the time of diagnosis, 52 modified and 31 did not modify their smoking after TB diagnosis. Similarly, prevalence of smokeless tobacco use both at the time of TB diagnosis and during CP was 9.8%. Male and lower education level was associated with current smoking. Similarly, female and lower education level was associated with current smokeless tobacco use.CONCLUSIONS: One-third of PTB patients used smoked or smokeless tobacco during their CP. Health programme needs to concentrate on PTB patients who continue to use smoked or smokeless tobacco during their treatment; necessary interventions need to be planned.
|
['Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Female', 'Humans', 'India', 'Male', 'Prevalence', 'Smoke', 'Smoking', 'Tobacco Use Cessation', 'Tobacco, Smokeless', 'Tuberculosis, Pulmonary']
| 27,865,237
|
[['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.252.245.393'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['D20.633.937'], ['F01.145.805'], ['F01.145.488.750'], ['J01.637.767.844.500'], ['C01.150.252.410.040.552.846.899', 'C01.748.939', 'C08.381.922', 'C08.730.939']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Early results of laparoscopic resection of the stomach.
|
BACKGROUND/AIMS: In this study we present our experiences and results in patients who underwent laparoscopic resection of the stomach.METHODOLOGY: Our study presents five patients that underwent laparoscopy in the period 2006-2008, at the surgical department of the General hospital Djordje Joanovic in Zrenjanin, Serbia. Four of them were verified with stomach cancer and one with benign stenosis of the pylorus region. All patients underwent identical preoperational preparation. The most sophisticated laparoscopic equipment was used. All patients were monitored pre- and postoperatively.RESULTS: Laparoscopic resection of the stomach was performed in 5 patients (3 men and 2 women), 39 to 66 yrs old (mean: 55 years); in four patients using the Billroth II procedure and in one patient as total gastrectomy with splenectomy in accordance to oncological principles. In four patients there was a malignant lesion of the stomach in the antral region and in one patient benign pyloric stenosis. Intraoperational complications occurred in two patients. Intraoperational bleeding of 350mL occurred in one patient, and in one patient there was jamming the stapler head in the esophagus during the creation of esophagojejunal anastomosis. Postoperatively, fistula anastomosis occurred in one patient and vomiting occurred in another. One patient died 11 months after the operation while 4 patients are still being monitored.CONCLUSIONS: Early results are satisfying. Laparoscopic gastrectomy has indisputable advantages for treatment of benign stomach diseases. Technical equipment and good operational techniques enables radicality of operational procedures in malignant diseases.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Female', 'Gastrectomy', 'Humans', 'Laparoscopy', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Stomach Neoplasms']
| 22,580,665
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E04.210.419'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.388.250.520', 'E04.502.250.520'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04.588.274.476.767', 'C06.301.371.767', 'C06.405.249.767', 'C06.405.748.789']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Entrance of cholera enterotoxin subunits into thymus cells.
|
Analysis of the staining of cholera enterotoxin on the surface of cells with specific antibodies against each subunit of cholera enterotoxin, using a fluorescence-activated cell sorter and electron microscopy, showed that not only subunit A but also subunit B penetrates the cell membrane. The detection of subunits inside the cell was facilitated by the use of saponin, an agent that increases membrane permeability.
|
['Animals', 'Cholera', 'Enterotoxins', 'Histocytochemistry', 'Mice', 'Microscopy, Electron', 'Microscopy, Fluorescence', 'Saponins', 'Thymus Gland']
| 6,501,862
|
[['B01.050'], ['C01.150.252.400.959.347'], ['D23.946.330'], ['E01.370.225.500.607', 'E01.370.225.750.551', 'E05.200.500.607', 'E05.200.750.551', 'H01.158.100.656.234', 'H01.158.201.344', 'H01.181.122.573'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['E01.370.350.515.402', 'E05.595.402'], ['E01.370.350.515.458', 'E05.595.458'], ['D09.408.782'], ['A10.549.750', 'A15.382.520.604.750']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Direct contrast-enhanced 3D MR venography evaluation of upper extremity deep venous system.
|
PURPOSE: To investigate the diagnostic value of direct contrast-enhanced three dimensional magnetic resonance (3D MR) venography in mapping the deep venous system of the upper extremities and to plan potential interventional procedures.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Nineteen cases with the diagnoses of end-stage renal disease with multiple hemodialysis catheter access were examined. Direct contrast-enhanced 3D MR venograms were obtained with 1.5 Tesla device with 3D-FSPGR pulse sequence and using body coil following the manual injection of gadolinium solution prepared by diluting 20 ml of contrast substance in 200 ml saline with a proportion of 1:10 through intravenous access opened symmetrically in antecubital fossa. In the workstation, evaluation was performed on three-dimensional images, two-dimensional multiplanar reformats and maximum-intensity projection method obtained from the source images. Intravenous DSA was performed on all the patients, and two radiologists evaluated MR venograms and conventional angiograms independently from each other. Results of MR venography and conventional angiography were then compared.RESULTS: In all cases, the MR venograms obtained were capable of supporting the diagnoses. Venous pathologies were found in 16 cases. In three cases central veins were evaluated to be patent. Results of MR venography and conventional angiography were consistent with each other (100% sensitivity and 100% specificity).CONCLUSION: Direct contrast-enhanced 3D MR venography is a well-tolerated sensitive technique in explaining the cause of the malfunctioning arterio-venous fistulas and in pre-surgical planning before placing new catheters or creating fistulas. It is possible to obtain high-quality images with this technique as an alternative to invasive angiography.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Contrast Media', 'Female', 'Gadolinium DTPA', 'Humans', 'Injections, Intravenous', 'Kidney Failure, Chronic', 'Magnetic Resonance Angiography', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Phlebography', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Thromboembolism', 'Upper Extremity', 'Veins']
| 16,752,353
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D27.505.259.500', 'D27.720.259'], ['D02.092.782.590.401', 'D02.241.081.018.639.400', 'D02.257.141'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.319.267.082.750', 'E02.319.267.530.540'], ['C12.777.419.780.750.500', 'C13.351.968.419.780.750.500'], ['E01.370.350.825.500.500', 'E01.370.370.050.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.370.350.700.060.600', 'E01.370.370.050.600'], ['E05.318.370.800.650', 'N05.715.360.325.700.640', 'N06.850.520.445.800.650'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['C14.907.355.590'], ['A01.378.800'], ['A07.015.908']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Inefficient degradation of oxidized regions of protein molecules.
|
We have previously shown that the intracellular half-life of endocytosed oxidized albumin is much longer than that of native albumin. We now report that the regions of oxidized albumin which contain oxidation products (carbonyls and fluorophores), are less readily released as small degradation products by cell-free proteolysis than is the molecule overall. We deduce that oxidized moieties in the polypeptide chain can confer localized resistance to enzymatic proteolysis. Such resistance to proteolysis may account for the intracellular accumulation of some endocytosed oxidized protein which we have previously observed.
|
['Endopeptidases', 'Half-Life', 'Hydrolysis', 'Macrophages', 'Oxidation-Reduction', 'Peptide Fragments', 'Phenylhydrazines', 'Serum Albumin, Bovine', 'Spectrometry, Fluorescence', 'Trypsin']
| 8,370,549
|
[['D08.811.277.656.300'], ['G01.910.405'], ['G02.380'], ['A11.329.372', 'A11.627.482', 'A11.733.397', 'A15.382.670.522', 'A15.382.680.397'], ['G02.700', 'G03.295.531'], ['D12.644.541'], ['D02.442.726'], ['D12.776.034.841.540', 'D12.776.124.727.875'], ['E05.196.712.516.600.676', 'E05.196.867.726'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.760.895', 'D08.811.277.656.959.350.895']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Normal mode analysis as a prerequisite for drug design: application to matrix metalloproteinases inhibitors.
|
We demonstrate the utility of normal mode analysis in correctly predicting the binding modes of inhibitors in the active sites of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). We show the accuracy in predicting the positions of MMP-3 inhibitors is strongly dependent on which structure is used as the target, especially when it has been energy minimized. This dependency can be overcome by using intermediate structures generated along one of the normal modes previously calculated for a given target. These results may be of prime importance for further in silico drug discovery.
|
['Drug Design', 'Matrix Metalloproteinase 3', 'Models, Chemical', 'Models, Molecular', 'Protease Inhibitors', 'Protein Structure, Tertiary', 'Software', 'Structure-Activity Relationship']
| 16,962,102
|
[['E05.290.500', 'H01.158.703.007.338.500', 'H01.181.466.338.500'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.480.525.700.200', 'D08.811.277.656.675.374.525.700.200', 'D12.644.276.848.200', 'D12.776.467.836.200'], ['E05.599.495'], ['E05.599.595'], ['D27.505.519.389.745'], ['G02.111.570.820.709.610'], ['L01.224.900'], ['G02.111.830', 'G07.690.773.997']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Detection of cells of megakaryocyte lineage in haematological malignancies by immuno-alkaline phosphatase labelling cell smears with a panel of monoclonal antibodies.
|
Immuno-alkaline phosphatase staining (by the APAAP technique) has been used to identify promegakaryoblasts in cell smears from 10 cases of leukaemia (three acute leukaemia, seven blast transformations). In all cases promegakaryoblasts were labelled by at least two anti-platelet glycoprotein (gp) antibodies, the highest percentages being obtained with anti-gp IIIa (antibody C17). HLA-DR was expressed by a variable percentage of neoplastic cells in all cases, the T11 (CD2) antigen (sheep red cell receptor) in four of seven cases tested and the p150,95 antigen in three of the six cases tested. In some cases of acute myeloid leukaemia APAAP staining of blood smears revealed circulating promegakaryoblasts and micromegakaryocytes (which superficially resemble small lymphoid cells). It is concluded that immuno-alkaline phosphatase staining of cell smears offers a convenient means of diagnosing acute megakaryoblastic leukaemia in the routine laboratory.
|
['Acute Disease', 'Alkaline Phosphatase', 'Antibodies, Monoclonal', 'Blast Crisis', 'Bone Marrow', 'Humans', 'Immunoenzyme Techniques', 'Leukemia', 'Megakaryocytes']
| 3,545,280
|
[['C23.550.291.125'], ['D08.811.277.352.650.035'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224'], ['C04.557.337.539.250.100', 'C04.697.098.500.110', 'C15.378.190.636.370.100', 'C23.550.727.098.500.110'], ['A15.382.216'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.478.566.350', 'E05.478.583.400', 'E05.601.470.350'], ['C04.557.337'], ['A11.148.479', 'A15.378.316.479']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The presence of Mycoplasma hominis in isolates of Trichomonas vaginalis impacts significantly on DNA fingerprinting results.
|
The genetic characterization of Trichomonas vaginalis (Protista: Trichomonadidae), the causative agent of trichomoniasis in humans, is central to understanding the epidemiology, treatment, drug resistance, and virulence as well as the diagnosis and control of this parasite. Various molecular approaches, including DNA fingerprinting, have been employed for this purpose, and random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) continues to be utilized. However, little attention has been paid to the fact that some T. vaginalis populations can harbor symbiotic Mycoplasma hominis and/or other agents, which could cause artifacts in the RAPD results. In the present study, we demonstrate clearly that the presence of M. hominis from T. vaginalis isolates impacts significantly on RAPD results and on the subsequent analyses and interpretation of data sets. Moreover, symbiotic M. hominis displays an isolate-to-isolate variability in RAPD profile before elimination, suggesting a variability of M. hominis infection.
|
['Animals', 'DNA Fingerprinting', 'DNA, Protozoan', 'Diagnostic Errors', 'Mycoplasma hominis', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Technique', 'Symbiosis', 'Trichomonas vaginalis']
| 18,058,131
|
[['B01.050'], ['E05.318.740.225.500.500', 'E05.393.290', 'I01.198.780.937.375', 'N04.452.910.099.750'], ['D13.444.308.442'], ['E01.354', 'N02.421.450.280'], ['B03.440.860.580.553.553.400'], ['E05.393.620.500'], ['E05.393.620.500.687', 'E05.601.700'], ['G06.550.800', 'G16.840'], ['B01.630.800.808.717']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Crohn's disease - genetic factors and progress of the disease.
|
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Crohn's disease is a multifactorial inflammatory disease affecting mainly the gastrointestinal tract. The genetic factors that are involved in the disease include mainly three mutations of the gene NOD2/CARD15 (R702W, G908R, 3020insC). The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the presence of these variants and disease phenotype.MATERIAL AND METHODS: 70 patients with Crohn's disease were examined for the presence of the above-mentioned mutations. The researchers used the medical records to retrospectively obtain clinical data and together with the information obtained prospectively according to the protocol they analysed the connection between gene mutations and disease phenotype.RESULTS: At least one mutation was found in 22 patients with Crohn's disease (32%), four patients were found to have two different mutations (composed heterozygotes - 6%) and six patients (9%) were homozygotes for the 3020insC gene. No significant differences were found between the groups with wild-type form and the mutated form of the NOD2 / CARD15 gene with respect to age at the time of diagnosis, form of the disease or localization according to the Montreal classification.CONCLUSION: Mutations of the NOD2 / CARD15 gene did not significantly affect the frequency of reoperations, homozygotes with 3020insC gene mutations, however, represented a high risk group. The phenotype was not related significantly to the presence of the examined mutations.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Crohn Disease', 'Female', 'Genetic Predisposition to Disease', 'Heterozygote', 'Homozygote', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Mutation', 'Nod2 Signaling Adaptor Protein', 'Phenotype', 'Prospective Studies', 'Reoperation', 'Young Adult']
| 29,358,789
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C06.405.205.731.500', 'C06.405.469.432.500'], ['C23.550.291.687.500', 'G05.380.355'], ['G05.380.383'], ['G05.380.554'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G05.365.590'], ['D12.644.360.024.131.500', 'D12.644.360.024.313.500', 'D12.644.360.075.358.500', 'D12.644.360.539.500.500', 'D12.776.157.057.006.500', 'D12.776.157.057.078.500', 'D12.776.476.024.139.500', 'D12.776.476.024.391.500', 'D12.776.476.075.358.500'], ['G05.695'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E04.690'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Novel natriuretic peptides from the venom of the inland taipan (Oxyuranus microlepidotus): isolation, chemical and biological characterisation.
|
Three natriuretic-like peptides (TNP-a, TNP-b, and TNP-c) were isolated from the venom of Oxyuranus microlepidotus (inland taipan) and were also present in the venoms of Oxyuranus scutellatus canni (New Guinea taipan) and Oxyuranus scutellatus scutellatus (coastal taipan). They were isolated by HPLC, characterised by mass spectrometry and Edman analysis, and consist of 35-39 amino acid residues. These molecules differ from ANP/BNP through replacement of invariant residues within the 17-membered ring structure and by inclusion of proline residues in the C-terminal tail. TNP-c was equipotent to ANP in specific GC-A assays or aortic ring assays whereas TNP-a and TNP-b were either inactive (GC-A over-expressing cells and endothelium-denuded aortic rings) or weakly active (endothelium-intact aortic rings). TNP-a and TNP-b were also unable to competitively inhibit the binding of TNP-c in endothelium-denuded aortae (GC-A) or endothelium-intact aortae (NPR-C). Thus, these naturally occurring isoforms provide a new platform for further investigation of structure-function relationships of natriuretic peptides.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Animals', 'Aorta', 'Chromatography, Liquid', 'Elapid Venoms', 'Elapidae', 'Endothelial Cells', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Mass Spectrometry', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Natriuretic Peptides', 'Rats', 'Sequence Alignment']
| 15,652,496
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['B01.050'], ['A07.015.114.056'], ['E05.196.181.400'], ['D20.888.850.325', 'D23.946.833.850.325'], ['B01.050.150.900.833.672.125.875'], ['A11.436.275'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.196.566'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['D06.472.699.584', 'D12.644.548.585'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['E05.393.751']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Comparison of synchronous dual wavelength diode laser versus conventional endo-knives for esophageal endoscopic submucosal dissection: an animal study.
|
BACKGROUND: Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is widely used for en bloc resection in early gastrointestinal cancer. However, it is technically complex with long procedure time and high adverse event rates with using conventional knives. The aim of this animal study was to verify the feasibility of ESD using a novel 980/1470 nm dual diode laser (DDL-ESD) in comparison with conventional knives (C-ESD) in esophagus.METHODS: This was an in vivo animal study using eight porcine models. Four were allocated in DDL-ESD group and four were in C-ESD group. Every model underwent two ESDs to remove half circumferential esophageal mucosa. Each model's esophagus was harvested during postmortem at 24 h after ESD. Each specimen underwent gross inspection and histopathological examination was carried out. Procedure time, completeness of en bloc resection, adverse events (bleeding and perforation) and histological injury to muscularis propria were assessed.RESULTS: A total of 16 ESD procedures were performed with 100% en bloc resection rate. The procedure speed in DDL-ESD group was significantly faster as compared to C-ESD group (0.27 cm2/min vs. 0.21 cm2/min, p = 0.001). The number of intraoperative bleeding points and the use of haemostatic forceps were significantly lesser in DDL-ESD group (4 ± 2 vs. 8 ± 3, p = 0.016; 1 ± 1 vs. 3 ± 2, p = 0.029). Histological assessment showed that injury to muscularis propria in DDL-ESD was milder than C-ESD. There was no perforation observed in both groups.CONCLUSIONS: DDL-ESD technique appears to be safer and faster than C-ESD with less bleeding and injury to deep tissues.
|
['Animals', 'Blood Loss, Surgical', 'Endoscopic Mucosal Resection', 'Esophagus', 'Hemostasis, Surgical', 'Humans', 'Lasers, Semiconductor', 'Models, Anatomic', 'Surgical Instruments', 'Swine', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 30,116,950
|
[['B01.050'], ['C23.550.414.300', 'C23.550.505.300'], ['E01.370.372.250.250.250', 'E01.370.388.250.250.250.230', 'E04.210.240.250.230', 'E04.502.250.250.250.230'], ['A03.556.875.500'], ['E02.520.490', 'E04.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E07.632.490.480', 'E07.710.520.480'], ['J01.897.280.500.545.129', 'L01.178.820.090.545.129'], ['E07.858.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.880'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Analysis of serum copper and zinc concentrations in cancer patients.
|
Several studies have shown that plasma copper concentrations are increased in various carcinomas. Zinc acts as a cellular growth protector, including growth of neoplastic cells, and its deficiency was demonstrated to be involved in several stages of malignant transformation. However, the usefulness of the serum zinc and copper determinations in cancer prevention, detection, monitoring treatment, and prognosis requires further investigations. The aim of the present study was to compare the serum copper and zinc levels in patients with cancer of the lung (PC), breast (BC), gastrointestinal tract (GIC), and gynecological (GYNC) malignancy with progress of the disease. The results of the study have shown a significant increase in the mean total serum Cu levels and the serum Cu/Zn ratio in all patient groups with cancer compared to a control group. Increased mean serum concentrations and Cu/Zn ratios were found in the whole group (ALLC), and for the GIC and GYNC groups with local as well as metastasized (Meta) disease in comparison with the control group. The mean serum concentrations of Zn were decreased only in metastasized ALLC and GYNC groups.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Breast Neoplasms', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Copper', 'Female', 'Gastrointestinal Neoplasms', 'Genital Neoplasms, Female', 'Humans', 'Lung Neoplasms', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasm Metastasis', 'Neoplasms', 'Prognosis', 'Zinc']
| 11,697,759
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['C04.588.180', 'C17.800.090.500'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['D01.268.556.195', 'D01.268.956.170', 'D01.552.544.195'], ['C04.588.274.476', 'C06.301.371', 'C06.405.249'], ['C04.588.945.418', 'C13.351.937.418'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.588.894.797.520', 'C08.381.540', 'C08.785.520'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04.697.650', 'C23.550.727.650'], ['C04'], ['E01.789'], ['D01.268.556.940', 'D01.268.956.906', 'D01.552.544.940']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Genome scan, fine-mapping, and candidate gene analysis of non-syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate reveals phenotype-specific differences in linkage and association results.
|
OBJECTIVES: Non-syndromic orofacial clefts, i.e. cleft lip (CL) and cleft palate (CP), are among the most common birth defects. The goal of this study was to identify genomic regions and genes for CL with or without CP (CL/P).METHODS: We performed linkage analyses of a 10 cM genome scan in 820 multiplex CL/P families (6,565 individuals). Significant linkage results were followed by association analyses of 1,476 SNPs in candidate genes and regions, utilizing a weighted false discovery rate (wFDR) approach to control for multiple testing and incorporate the genome scan results.RESULTS: Significant (multipoint HLOD >or=3.2) or genome-wide-significant (HLOD >or=4.02) linkage results were found for regions 1q32, 2p13, 3q27-28, 9q21, 12p11, 14q21-24 and 16q24. SNPs in IRF6 (1q32) and in or near FOXE1 (9q21) reached formal genome-wide wFDR-adjusted significance. Further, results were phenotype dependent in that the IRF6 region results were most significant for families in which affected individuals have CL alone, and the FOXE1 region results were most significant in families in which some or all of the affected individuals have CL with CP.CONCLUSIONS: These results highlight the importance of careful phenotypic delineation in large samples of families for genetic analyses of complex, heterogeneous traits such as CL/P.
|
['Chromosome Mapping', 'Chromosomes, Human', 'Cleft Lip', 'Cleft Palate', 'Genetic Linkage', 'Genetic Predisposition to Disease', 'Genome, Human', 'Genome-Wide Association Study', 'Humans', 'Phenotype', 'Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide']
| 19,521,098
|
[['E05.393.183'], ['A11.284.187.520.300', 'G05.360.162.520.300'], ['C07.465.409.225', 'C07.465.525.164', 'C07.650.525.164', 'C16.131.850.525.164'], ['C05.500.460.185', 'C05.660.207.540.460.185', 'C07.320.440.185', 'C07.465.525.185', 'C07.650.500.460.185', 'C07.650.525.185', 'C16.131.621.207.540.460.185', 'C16.131.850.500.460.185', 'C16.131.850.525.185'], ['G05.348'], ['C23.550.291.687.500', 'G05.380.355'], ['G05.360.340.350'], ['E05.318.370.392', 'E05.318.416.249', 'E05.393.385.500', 'E05.393.522.500', 'E05.393.760.640.500', 'N06.850.520.445.392', 'N06.850.520.470.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G05.695'], ['G05.365.795.598']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
PKCI-W forms a heterodimer with PKCI-Z and inhibits the biological activities of PKCI-Z in vitro, supporting the predicted role of PKCI-W in sex determination in birds.
|
The two chicken genes, PKCI-W on the W chromosome and PKCI-Z on the Z chromosome, belong to the gene family encoding the Hint (histidine triad nucleotide-binding protein)-branch proteins in the widely conserved HIT (histidine triad)-family. It has been speculated that PKCI-W is involved in the sex determination of birds by forming a heterodimer with PKCI-Z and inhibiting the function of PKCI-Z in female embryos. In this study, both PKCI-W and PKCI-Z were expressed in fusion [maltose-binding protein (MBP) or glutathione-S-transferase (GST)] and tagged [(His)(6) or FLAG] forms (FT-forms) in Escherichia coli and purified. Formation of homodimers of PKCI-W-containing or the PKCI-Z-containing FT-protein and the formation of a heterodimer between the PKCI-W-containing and the PKCI-Z-containing FT-proteins were demonstrated by Western blotting after GST-pulldown or binding to and elution from the Co(2+)-resin. The homodimer of PKCI-Z, but not PKCI-W, bound to an N(6)-(3- aminopropyl) adenosine affinity column and hydrolyzed adenosine 5'-monophosphoramidate. Both of these activities were inhibited in vitro in a dominant-negative manner by the formation of a heterodimer containing PKCI-W. These in vitro experimental results support the predicted role of PKCI-W in the process of sex determination in birds.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Animals', 'Birds', 'Chromosome Mapping', 'Dimerization', 'Hydrolases', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Recombinant Fusion Proteins']
| 16,428,323
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.248'], ['E05.393.183'], ['G02.206', 'G03.230'], ['D08.811.277'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['D12.776.828.300']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Medicaid Hearing Aid Coverage For Older Adult Beneficiaries: A State-By-State Comparison.
|
Age-related hearing loss affects nearly thirty million older adults in the United States and is associated with increased risk of several other adverse health outcomes. Although hearing aids are the most common efficacious treatment, Medicaid coverage of the aids is not federally mandated, and cost has been cited as a barrier to access. In this first (to our knowledge) comprehensive review of state-level Medicaid coverage of hearing aids and associated services for age-related hearing loss, we found that twenty-eight states offer some degree of coverage-which varies substantially with respect to extent and hearing loss eligibility requirements. Based on six criteria, we rated those states' coverage as fair, good, or excellent. The remaining twenty-two states have no coverage, which leaves few options for their residents with hearing loss who face financial constraints. Policy makers at the state and federal levels should consider how to make care for age-related hearing loss more accessible, affordable, and equitable nationwide.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Eligibility Determination', 'Health Services Accessibility', 'Hearing Aids', 'Humans', 'Insurance Coverage', 'Male', 'Medicaid', 'Middle Aged', 'Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act', 'United States']
| 28,784,741
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['N04.452.264'], ['N04.590.374.350', 'N05.300.430'], ['E07.305.906.500', 'E07.814.458'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N03.219.521.576.265'], ['N03.219.521.346.506.564.655', 'N03.706.615.693'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['N03.219.521.576.343.918', 'N03.706.615.806'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
The increasingly complex fourth hurdle for pharmaceuticals.
|
There are three known criteria that underlie drug reimbursement decisions: therapeutic value, cost effectiveness and burden of disease. However, evidence from recent reimbursement decisions in several jurisdictions points to residual unexplained variables, one of which may be budget impact. An economic rationale for carrying out budget impact analyses is opportunity cost, measured by the economic benefits foregone by using resources in one way rather than another. Under certain assumptions, cost-effectiveness analysis accounts for opportunity cost while conveying to the decision maker the price of maximising health gains, subject to a budget constraint. However, the underlying assumptions are implausible, particularly in the context of pharmaceutical care. Although drugs that are cost effective may lead to unambiguous health gains among patient groups for whom the drugs are indicated, the opportunity costs could conceivably lead to a reduction in aggregate health gains, or failure to meet different kinds of equity considerations. The pertinent policy question is where to find the resources to fund new innovations, such as cost-effective pharmaceuticals, or drugs targeting severe diseases. It may be a matter of redeployment of resources across healthcare sectors, cancelling the funding of (older) pharmaceuticals that are less cost effective, or delisting drugs that are cost effective but target less burdensome conditions.
|
['Cost of Illness', 'Cost-Benefit Analysis', 'Decision Making', 'Humans', 'Insurance, Health, Reimbursement', 'Insurance, Pharmaceutical Services']
| 17,803,332
|
[['N03.219.151.165', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.182', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.046'], ['N03.219.151.125'], ['F02.463.785.373'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N03.219.521.576.343.480', 'N03.219.521.710'], ['N03.219.521.576.343.575']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Silicone intubation for lacerated lacrimal canaliculi.
|
Twenty-two cases of lacerated canaliculi were repaired with the use of silicone tube stents. Of the 18 patients having early repair, 17 (94%) had a good result and one (6%) fair. The four patients with late repair yielded three (75%) with a poor result and one (25%) fair. Primary repair of lacerated canaliculi by this method has a good prognosis. Secondary repair is more difficult, and the outcome is likely to be poor.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Catheters, Indwelling', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Eyelids', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Lacrimal Apparatus', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Nasolacrimal Duct', 'Silicones', 'Suture Techniques', 'Wound Healing']
| 3,906,483
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['E07.132.500'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['A01.456.505.420.504', 'A09.371.337'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['A09.371.463', 'A10.336.422'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['A09.371.463.640'], ['D02.756.650.700', 'D05.750.900.850', 'D25.720.900.850', 'J01.637.051.720.900.850'], ['E04.987.775'], ['G16.762.891']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Silver nanoparticle inhibition of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons degradation by Mycobacterium species RJGII-135.
|
UNLABELLED: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are a common environmental contaminant originating from both anthropogenic and natural sources. Mycobacterium species are highly adapted to utilizing a variety of PAH. Silver nanoparticles (AgNP) are an emerging contaminant that possess bactericidal properties, interferes with the bacterial membrane and alters function. Mycobacterium sp. strain RJGII-135 provided a model bacterium to assess changes in carbon metabolism by focusing on PAH degradation, which is dependent upon passive uptake of hydrophobic molecules into the cell membrane. A mixture of 18 PAH served as a complex mixture of carbon sources for assessing carbon metabolism. At environmentally relevant PAH concentrations, RJGII-135 degraded two-, three-, and four-ring PAH within 72 h, but preferentially attacked phenanthrene and fluorene. Total cell growth and PAH degradation were successively reduced when exposed to 0·05-0·5 mg 1(-1) AgNP. However, 0·05 mg l(-1) AgNP inhibited degradation of naphthalene, acenaphthylene and acenaphthalene. RJGII-135 retained the ability to degrade the methylated naphthalenes regardless of AgNP concentration suggesting that proteins involved in dihydrodiol formation were inhibited. The reduced PAH metabolism of RJGII-135 when exposed to sublethal concentrations of AgNP provides evidence that nanoparticle pollution could alter carbon cycling in soils, sediment and aquatic environments.SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Silver nanoparticle (AgNP) pollution threatens bacterial-mediated processes due to their antibacterial properties. With the widespread commercial use of AgNP, continued environmental release is inevitable and we are just beginning to understand the potential environmental ramifications of nanoparticle pollution. This study examined AgNP inhibition of carbon metabolism through the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon degradation by Mycobacterium species RJGII-135. Sublethal doses altered PAH metabolism, which is dependent upon cell membrane properties and intracellular proteins. The changed carbon metabolism when exposed to sublethal doses of AgNP suggests broad impacts of this pollution on bacterial carbon cycling in diverse environments.
|
['Biodegradation, Environmental', 'Environmental Pollutants', 'Metal Nanoparticles', 'Mycobacterium', 'Naphthalenes', 'Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons', 'Silver']
| 24,286,199
|
[['N06.230.080.600.500', 'N06.850.460.375.500'], ['D27.888.284'], ['J01.637.512.600.500'], ['B03.510.024.962.500', 'B03.510.460.400.410.552.552'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.638', 'D04.615.638'], ['D02.455.426.559.847', 'D04.615'], ['D01.268.556.812', 'D01.268.956.843', 'D01.552.544.812']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Computationally designed libraries of fluorescent proteins evaluated by preservation and diversity of function.
|
To determine which of seven library design algorithms best introduces new protein function without destroying it altogether, seven combinatorial libraries of green fluorescent protein variants were designed and synthesized. Each was evaluated by distributions of emission intensity and color compiled from measurements made in vivo. Additional comparisons were made with a library constructed by error-prone PCR. Among the designed libraries, fluorescent function was preserved for the greatest fraction of samples in a library designed by using a structure-based computational method developed and described here. A trend was observed toward greater diversity of color in designed libraries that better preserved fluorescence. Contrary to trends observed among libraries constructed by error-prone PCR, preservation of function was observed to increase with a library's average mutation level among the four libraries designed with structure-based computational methods.
|
['Combinatorial Chemistry Techniques', 'Drug Design', 'Green Fluorescent Proteins', 'Peptide Library', 'Protein Engineering']
| 17,179,210
|
[['E05.197.312', 'J01.897.836.249.249'], ['E05.290.500', 'H01.158.703.007.338.500', 'H01.181.466.338.500'], ['D12.776.532.265'], ['D12.644.555', 'G02.111.570.060.620', 'G05.360.325.640'], ['E05.393.420.601']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Chiral diols: a new class of additives for direct aldol reaction catalyzed by L-proline.
|
Nine C2 symmetric diols have been examined as additives in the L-proline-catalyzed direct aldol reaction with significant improvement in enantioselectivity, conversion efficiency, and yield. Loading of 1 mol % of (S)-BINOL leads to the desired products in up to 98% ee and 90% yield. A transition state is proposed.
|
['Alcohols', 'Catalysis', 'Proline', 'Stereoisomerism']
| 17,137,384
|
[['D02.033'], ['G02.130'], ['D12.125.072.401.623'], ['G02.607.445.682']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Family history in primary open-angle glaucoma.
|
A family history of glaucoma was found in 50% of patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and 43% of patients with ocular hypertension (OH). Positive family history was twice as prevalent in those with OH and either HLA-B7 or B12 antigens than in OH with neither antigen (P less than .01). Although POAG occurred equally in men and women, the prevalence of a positive family history of glaucoma on the maternal side of the family in POAG patients was six to seven times greater than on the paternal side (P less than .0005). However, in patients with OH, but no glaucomatous field loss, there was no difference in prevalence of maternal and paternal family history. Even in OH with HLA-B7 or B12 antigens, there was no predominance of maternal family history. The implication that offspring were more likely to develop POAG when their mother's side of the family rather than their father's side had the disease has provided an additional potentially useful risk factor in patients with OH. In addition, it has raised interesting questions as to possible maternal cytoplasmic factors in the transmission and pathogenesis of POAG.
|
['African Americans', 'Antigens', 'European Continental Ancestry Group', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Glaucoma', 'Histocompatibility', 'Humans', 'Intraocular Pressure', 'Male', 'Missouri', 'Sex Factors']
| 849,183
|
[['M01.686.508.100.100', 'M01.686.754.100'], ['D23.050'], ['M01.686.508.400'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['C11.525.381'], ['G12.875.519'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G14.440'], ['Z01.107.567.875.510.515'], ['N05.715.350.675', 'N06.850.490.875']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Treatment of imminent premature labour.
|
In this study, 194 imminent premature deliveries were treated. The pregnancies were in the 28th to 36th week. Uterine contractions were demonstrable in all patients and amniotic membranes were intact. All patients were treated with bedrest. Two betasympathomimetics were used in a double-blind study: Nyldrin hydrochloride (43 cases) and Isoxuprine hydrochloride (60 cases). A placebo was given to 41 patients, and ethyl alcohol to 50 patients. Intravenous and intramuscular treatment given in the hospital was continued with oral administration at home, and follow-up examinations were repeated at short intervals. Taking a minimum birth weight of 2500 g as the criteria of successful treatment, the success rate in the placebo group was 71%, in the Nylidrin hydrochloride group 86%, the Isoxuprine hydrochloride group 75% and the alcohol group 70%. When premature delivery was postponed 7 days, the pregnancy advanced., to the 37th week or later in 73, 77, 62 and 56% in their respective groups. The beta-sympathomimetics, especially the Nylidrin hydrochloride, were in every respect more efficient than placebo or alcohol. The therapeutic effect of alcohol was no better than that obtained with placebo. From the fetal point of view, the drugs used in the present study showed no adverse-effects.
|
['Birth Weight', 'Clinical Trials as Topic', 'Ethanol', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Gestational Age', 'Humans', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Isoxsuprine', 'Nylidrin', 'Obstetric Labor, Premature', 'Placebos', 'Pregnancy']
| 1,094,787
|
[['C23.888.144.186', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120.186', 'E05.041.124.160.750.149', 'G07.100.100.160.120.186', 'G07.345.249.314.120.186'], ['E05.318.372.250.250', 'N05.715.360.330.250.250', 'N06.850.520.450.250.250'], ['D02.033.375'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['G07.345.500.325.235.968', 'G08.686.320'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['D02.033.100.624.427', 'D02.033.755.624.427', 'D02.092.471.683.560'], ['D02.033.100.624.605', 'D02.033.755.624.605', 'D02.092.063.624.706.550', 'D02.092.471.683.715'], ['C13.703.420.491'], ['D26.660', 'E02.785'], ['G08.686.784.769']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Defining the learning curve for team-based laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy.
|
BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to define the learning curves for laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy (LPD) with and without laparoscopic reconstruction, using paired surgical teams consisting of advanced laparoscopic-trained surgeons and advanced oncologic-trained surgeons.METHODS: All patients undergoing PD without vein resection at a single institution were retrospectively analyzed. LPD was introduced by initially focusing on laparoscopic resection followed by open reconstruction (hybrid) for 18 months prior to attempting a totally LPD (TLPD) approach. Cases were compared with Chi square, Fisher's exact test, and Kruskal-Wallis analysis of variance (ANOVA).RESULTS: Between March 2010 and June 2013, 140 PDs were completed at our institution, of which 56 (40 %) were attempted laparoscopically. In 31/56 procedures we planned to perform only the resection laparoscopically (hybrid), of which 7 (23 %) required premature conversion before completion of resection. Following the first 23 of these hybrid cases, a total of 25 TLPDs have been performed, of which there were no conversions to open. For all LPD, a significant reduction in operative times was identified following the first 10 patients (median 478.5 vs. 430.5 min; p = 0.01), approaching open PD levels. After approximately 50 cases, operative times and estimated blood loss were consistently lower than those for open PD.CONCLUSIONS: In our experience of building an LPD program, the initial ten cases represent the biggest hurdle with respect to operative times. For an experienced teaching center using a staged and team-based approach, LPD appears to offer meaningful reductions in operative time and blood loss within the first 50 cases.
|
['Aged', 'Anastomosis, Surgical', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Laparoscopy', 'Learning Curve', 'Length of Stay', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasm Staging', 'Operative Time', 'Pancreatic Neoplasms', 'Pancreaticoduodenectomy', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Practice Guidelines as Topic', 'Prognosis', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Survival Rate']
| 24,923,222
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['E04.035'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.388.250.520', 'E04.502.250.520'], ['F02.784.629.529.274'], ['E02.760.400.480', 'N02.421.585.400.480'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.789.625'], ['E04.614.374.500', 'N02.421.585.753.374.500'], ['C04.588.274.761', 'C04.588.322.475', 'C06.301.761', 'C06.689.667', 'C19.344.421'], ['E04.210.760'], ['C23.550.767'], ['N04.761.700.350.650', 'N05.700.350.650'], ['E01.789'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.900', 'N01.224.935.698.826', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.900', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.900']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Microstructure and mechanical behavior of metal injection molded Ti-Nb binary alloys as biomedical material.
|
The application of titanium (Ti) based biomedical materials which are widely used at present, such as commercially pure titanium (CP-Ti) and Ti-6Al-4V, are limited by the mismatch of Young's modulus between the implant and the bones, the high costs of products, and the difficulty of producing complex shapes of materials by conventional methods. Niobium (Nb) is a non-toxic element with strong â stabilizing effect in Ti alloys, which makes Ti-Nb based alloys attractive for implant application. Metal injection molding (MIM) is a cost-efficient near-net shape process. Thus, it attracts growing interest for the processing of Ti and Ti alloys as biomaterial. In this investigation, metal injection molding was applied to the fabrication of a series of Ti-Nb binary alloys with niobium content ranging from 10wt% to 22wt%, and CP-Ti for comparison. Specimens were characterized by melt extraction, optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Titanium carbide formation was observed in all the as-sintered Ti-Nb binary alloys but not in the as-sintered CP-Ti. Selected area electron diffraction (SAED) patterns revealed that the carbides are Ti2C. It was found that with increasing niobium content from 0% to 22%, the porosity increased from about 1.6% to 5.8%, and the carbide area fraction increased from 0% to about 1.8% in the as-sintered samples. The effects of niobium content, porosity and titanium carbides on mechanical properties have been discussed. The as-sintered Ti-Nb specimens exhibited an excellent combination of high tensile strength and low Young's modulus, but relatively low ductility.
|
['Alloys', 'Biocompatible Materials', 'Injections', 'Mechanical Phenomena', 'Niobium', 'Titanium']
| 23,994,942
|
[['D01.552.033', 'D25.058', 'J01.637.051.058'], ['D25.130', 'D27.720.102.130', 'J01.637.051.130'], ['E02.319.267.530'], ['G01.374'], ['D01.268.556.615', 'D01.268.956.687', 'D01.552.544.615'], ['D01.268.557.800', 'D01.268.956.878', 'D01.552.547.800']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Progress toward measles elimination--region of the Americas, 2002-2003.
|
In 1994, countries in the Region of the Americas adopted the goal of eliminating endemic measles transmission in the Western hemisphere by 2000. Since 1994, rapid progress has been made. The number of measles cases has declined >99%, from approximately 250,000 in 1990 to 105 confirmed cases reported in six countries in 2003. During 2003, only Mexico and the United States reported outbreaks. The three chains of transmission in Mexico and two U.S. outbreaks were import-related; a third U.S. outbreak was of unknown source. Since November 2002, no transmission of the D6 and D9 genotypes has been reported; these genotypes were responsible for several large outbreaks in the region during 1997-2002. This report summarizes the epidemiology of measles in the Americas during 2002-2003 and highlights progress toward measles elimination, including the lowest ever number of reported measles cases in the region. Because the region is under constant threat of measles importation from regions where the disease is endemic, countries must maintain high population immunity to measles and sensitive surveillance to ensure the timely detection of imported cases and allow for rapid implementation of control measures.
|
['Americas', 'Humans', 'Immunization Programs', 'Measles', 'Measles Vaccine', 'Vaccination']
| 15,085,074
|
[['Z01.107'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N02.421.726.608'], ['C01.925.782.580.600.500.500'], ['D20.215.894.899.404'], ['E02.095.465.425.400.530.890', 'E05.478.550.600.890', 'N02.421.726.758.310.890', 'N06.850.780.200.425.900', 'N06.850.780.680.310.890']]
|
['Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Reducing Hospital Readmissions Among Incarcerated Patients.
|
In many health care settings, hospital readmissions represent poor quality and increased costs. The California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation includes reduced readmission rates among key performance indicators for the quality of care provided to inmates. More than 25% of the institutions continue to face challenges in minimizing these occurrences. Despite historic deficiencies, the California Substance Abuse Treatment Facility and State Prison at Corcoran reduced 30-day readmissions over a 2-year period. The use of a mnemonic algorithm along with intervention strategies was effective in achieving system goals. In a broader context, the success of this methodology breaks new ground and has promising implications for the improved health status of incarcerated populations. Other correctional environments would be well served in adopting these measures.
|
['Adult', 'Algorithms', 'California', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Patient Readmission', 'Prisoners', 'Prisons', 'Substance-Related Disorders']
| 29,303,035
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['Z01.107.567.875.580.200', 'Z01.107.567.875.760.200'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.760.400.620', 'N02.421.585.400.620'], ['M01.729'], ['I01.880.604.787', 'J03.220.500'], ['C25.775', 'F03.900']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
High-resolution MRI vessel wall imaging: spatial and temporal patterns of reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome and central nervous system vasculitis.
|
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: High-resolution MR imaging is an emerging tool for evaluating intracranial artery disease. It has an advantage of defining vessel wall characteristics of intracranial vascular diseases. We investigated high-resolution MR imaging arterial wall characteristics of CNS vasculitis and reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome to determine wall pattern changes during a follow-up period.MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 3T-high-resolution MR imaging vessel wall studies performed on 26 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of CNS vasculitis and reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome during a follow-up period. Vessel wall imaging protocol included black-blood contrast-enhanced T1-weighted sequences with fat suppression and a saturation band, and time-of-flight MRA of the circle of Willis. Vessel wall characteristics including enhancement, wall thickening, and lumen narrowing were collected.RESULTS: Thirteen patients with CNS vasculitis and 13 patients with reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome were included. In the CNS vasculitis group, 9 patients showed smooth, concentric wall enhancement and thickening; 3 patients had smooth, eccentric wall enhancement and thickening; and 1 patient was without wall enhancement and thickening. Six of 13 patients had follow-up imaging; 4 patients showed stable smooth, concentric enhancement and thickening; and 2 patients had resoluton of initial imaging findings. In the reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome group, 10 patients showed diffuse, uniform wall thickening with negligible-to-mild enhancement. Nine patients had follow-up imaging, with 8 patients showing complete resolution of the initial findings.CONCLUSIONS: Postgadolinium 3T-high-resolution MR imaging appears to be a feasible tool in differentiating vessel wall patterns of CNS vasculitis and reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome changes during a follow-up period.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Cerebrovascular Disorders', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Magnetic Resonance Angiography', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed', 'Vasculitis, Central Nervous System', 'Vasoconstriction']
| 24,722,305
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C10.228.140.300', 'C14.907.253'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.825.500.500', 'E01.370.370.050.500'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810'], ['C10.114.875', 'C10.228.140.300.850', 'C14.907.253.946', 'C14.907.940.907', 'C20.111.258.962'], ['G09.330.380.925']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Mutagenesis induced by 5-bromouracil and methyl methane sulfonate: role of DNA polymerase I.
|
A polA1 mutation in the DNA polymerase I gene of E. coli results in a drastic reduction of the frequency of mutagenesis induced by 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BUdR). Comparisons of the effect of a polA1 mutation on mutagenesis induced by methyl methane sulfonate (MMS), ultraviolet irradiation (UV) and 2-aminopurine (2-AP) demonstrated that a similar effect of a polA1 mutation is observed with MMS. This effect is much less marked with UV-and-2-AP-induced mutagenesis. It follows that DNA polymerase I plays a key role in the process of mutagenesis induced by BU and MMS. Bearing in mind that mutagenesis provoked by UV, MMS and BU involves participation of the accompanying induced error-prone system, the sources of the differences in requirement for DNA polymerase I are critically examined.
|
['Bromodeoxyuridine', 'DNA Polymerase I', 'DNA Repair', 'Escherichia coli', 'Methyl Methanesulfonate', 'Mutation']
| 6,372,342
|
[['D03.383.742.680.852.300.150', 'D13.570.230.430.196', 'D13.570.685.852.300.150'], ['D08.811.913.696.445.308.300.225'], ['G02.111.222', 'G05.219'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['D02.455.326.146.100.050.500.500', 'D02.886.645.600.055.050.510.500'], ['G05.365.590']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Diagnosis of recurrence of a glomus carotid artery tumor by somatostatin receptor scintigraphy].
|
Glomus caroticum tumours belong to the non chromaffine paragangliomas. As the incidence is very poor with 1% in the collective of a vascular-surgery department, the correct diagnosis is preoperatively only found in 10-20% of the cases. The early detection of primary- or recurrence-tumour is important for the surgical proceedings. With advanced tumour-stage, i.e. with involvement of the carotid artery in the tumour-process, the perioperative mortality increases. Furthermore nerve lesions following surgical tumour-resection as a complication are more frequent. This case-report point out the importance of the somatostatin-receptor-scintigraphy in the differentiation of glomus caroticum tumour-recurrence and postoperative scar. In our patient the suspicion of tumour-recurrence came up already 2 years ago, but could not be verified by MRT and angiography.
|
['3-Iodobenzylguanidine', 'Adult', 'Carotid Artery Diseases', 'Catecholamines', 'Cicatrix', 'Diagnosis, Differential', 'Female', 'Glomus Tumor', 'Humans', 'Indium Radioisotopes', 'Iodine Radioisotopes', 'Iodobenzenes', 'Muscle Neoplasms', 'Neoplasm Staging', 'Radionuclide Imaging', 'Receptors, Somatostatin', 'Recurrence', 'Sympatholytics', 'Ultrasonography']
| 8,746,171
|
[['D02.078.370.510', 'D02.455.426.559.389.454.300', 'D02.455.526.581.496.300'], ['M01.060.116'], ['C10.228.140.300.200', 'C14.907.253.123'], ['D02.092.311', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.175'], ['A10.165.450.300', 'C23.550.355.274', 'G16.762.891.249'], ['E01.171'], ['C04.557.645.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D01.496.749.460'], ['D01.268.380.400.500.496', 'D01.496.448.496', 'D01.496.749.474'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.454', 'D02.455.526.581.496'], ['C04.588.839.500', 'C05.651.494'], ['E01.789.625'], ['E01.370.350.710', 'E01.370.384.730'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.850', 'D12.776.543.750.720.600.760', 'D12.776.543.750.750.555.760', 'D12.776.543.750.750.580.720', 'D12.776.543.750.750.700.800'], ['C23.550.291.937'], ['D27.505.696.663.050.850'], ['E01.370.350.850']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
The inositol polyphosphate 4-phosphatase forms a complex with phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase in human platelet cytosol.
|
Inositol polyphosphate 4-phosphatase (4-phosphatase) is an enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of the 4-position phosphate from phosphatidylinositol 3,4-bisphosphate [PtdIns(3,4)P2]. In human platelets the formation of this phosphatidylinositol, by the actions of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase), correlates with irreversible platelet aggregation. We have shown previously that a phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate 5-phosphatase forms a complex with the p85 subunit of PI 3-kinase. In this study we investigated whether PI 3-kinase also forms a complex with the 4-phosphatase in human platelets. Immunoprecipitates of the p85 subunit of PI 3-kinase from human platelet cytosol contained 4-phosphatase enzyme activity and a 104-kDa polypeptide recognized by specific 4-phosphatase antibodies. Similarly, immunoprecipitates made using 4-phosphatase-specific antibodies contained PI 3-kinase enzyme activity and an 85-kDa polypeptide recognized by antibodies to the p85 adapter subunit of PI 3-kinase. After thrombin activation, the 4-phosphatase translocated to the actin cytoskeleton along with PI 3-kinase in an integrin- and aggregation-dependent manner. The majority of the PI 3-kinase/4-phosphatase complex (75%) remained in the cytosolic fraction. We propose that the complex formed between the two enzymes serves to localize the 4-phosphatase to sites of PtdIns(3,4)P2 production.
|
['Blood Platelets', 'Cytosol', 'Humans', 'Kinetics', 'Macromolecular Substances', 'Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases', 'Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases', 'Thrombin']
| 10,097,090
|
[['A11.118.188', 'A15.145.229.188'], ['A11.284.430.214.200', 'A11.284.430.429.200', 'A11.284.835.450.200'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['D05'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.500'], ['D08.811.277.352.650'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.760.855', 'D08.811.277.656.959.350.855', 'D12.776.124.125.890', 'D23.119.960']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Effect of mutations in Pisum sativum L. genes blocking different stages of nodule development on the expression of late symbiotic genes in Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae.
|
In this report, the expression of late symbiotic genes (fnrN, fixN, and nifA) of Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae was studied in nodules of mutant pea lines blocked at four successive stages of nodule development. Bacterial gene expression was analyzed in situ with transcriptional gusA reporter gene fusions. As a control, a constitutively expressed gusA gene was included. In the nodules of Nop(nodule persistence) mutants (mutant in gene sym13), which had not yet exhibited signs of premature senescence, the expression patterns observed were identical to those in wild-type nodules. Normal expression of fusions also occurred in nodules defective at the infection droplet differentiation stage (mutant in gene sym40) in which bacteria are endocytosed, but infection threads and infection droplets are hypertrophied. In contrast, in Itn- (infection thread formation inside the nodule tissue) mutants (mutant gene sym33), in which there is no endocytosis of bacteria, expression of the constitutive fusion was only in infection threads and no activity was shown for the other fusions. From this it can be concluded that functionality of the plant gene Sym33, i.e., bacterial endocytosis, is a prerequisite for the expression of late symbiotic genes in the microsymbiont. No morphologically distinct interzone II-III could be detected in nodules blocked at the bacteroid differentiation stage (mutants in gene sym31). The constitutive fusion was expressed equally throughout the nodule tissue (except for the meristem), and the activity of fusions to late symbiotic genes increased gradually with a maximal expression level at the base of the nodule. This is consistent with an altered oxygen barrier previously reported for these nodules. By including double mutants, earlier results on sequential functioning of gene pairs sym33-sym40 and sym31-sym13 could be confirmed and it could be demonstrated that the developmental epistasis found at the morphological level also is reflected in the expression pattern of late symbiotic genes in the microsymbiont.
|
['Genes, Bacterial', 'Mutation', 'Peas', 'Rhizobium leguminosarum', 'Symbiosis']
| 11,310,734
|
[['G05.360.340.024.340.364.249', 'G05.360.340.358.024.249', 'G05.360.340.358.207.249'], ['G05.365.590'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.401.630'], ['B03.440.400.425.700.800.450', 'B03.585.900.450', 'B03.660.050.662.670.450'], ['G06.550.800', 'G16.840']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Determination by high performance chromatography, steroid saponins in a biologically active food supplements containing the extract of Tribulus terrestris].
|
Steroidal saponins are bioactive substances of Tribulus terrestris and can be used to assess the quality of raw materials and processed products from them. For this purpose has been developed the method of qualitative and quantitative determination of steroidal saponins by high performance liquid chromatography with spectrophotometric and mass-selective detection and optimal conditions of sample preparation (70% methanol extraction with sonication and heating); also has been studied steroidal saponins composition of Tribulus terrestris (protodioscin, tribulosaponin B, metilprotodiostsin, terrestrozin H, prototribestin, gracillin and others were found).
|
['Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'Dietary Supplements', 'Mass Spectrometry', 'Plant Components, Aerial', 'Plant Extracts', 'Plants, Medicinal', 'Saponins', 'Steroids', 'Tribulus']
| 22,379,868
|
[['E05.196.181.400.300'], ['G07.203.300.456', 'J02.500.456'], ['E05.196.566'], ['A18.024'], ['D20.215.784.500', 'D26.667'], ['B01.650.560'], ['D09.408.782'], ['D04.210.500'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.987.849']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Elevated serum neuron-specific enolase in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy: a video-EEG study.
|
Established markers of brain damage, neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and S-100b protein (S-100), may increase after status epilepticus, but whether a single tonic-clonic or complex partial seizure induces elevation of these markers is not known. Furthermore, it is unclear whether the risk of seizure-related neuronal damage in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) differs from that in extratemporal lobe epilepsies (XTLE). The aim of this study was to analyze NSE and S-100 in patients with TLE and XTLE after acute seizures. The levels of NSE and S-100 were measured in serum before (0h) and at 3, 6, 12, and 24h after acute seizures in 31 patients during inpatient video-EEG monitoring. The patients were categorized into the TLE and the XTLE group based on video-EEG recordings and MRI findings. Fifteen patients had TLE and 16 XTLE. Index seizures were mainly complex partial seizures (n=21). In TLE mean+/-S.D. values for NSE levels (mug/L) were 8.36+/-2.64 (0h), 11.35+/-3.84 (3h), 13.48+/-4.49 (6h), 12.95+/-5.46 (12h) and 10.33+/-3.13 (24h) (p=0.006, ANOVA). In XTLE the changes were not significant (p=0.3). There was less increase in the levels of S-100 in TLE (p=0.05) and no significant change in XTLE (p=0.4). The levels of markers of neuronal damage were increased in patients with TLE, not only after tonic-clonic but also after complex partial seizures. These data suggest that TLE may be associated with brain damage.
|
['Adult', 'Electroencephalography', 'Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Immunoassay', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Phosphopyruvate Hydratase', 'S100 Proteins', 'Statistics, Nonparametric', 'Time Factors', 'Video Recording', 'Young Adult']
| 18,595,663
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E01.370.376.300', 'E01.370.405.245'], ['C10.228.140.490.360.290', 'C10.228.140.490.493.375'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.478.566', 'E05.601.470'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D08.811.520.241.300.500'], ['D12.776.157.125.750', 'D12.776.631.655'], ['E05.318.740.995', 'N05.715.360.750.760', 'N06.850.520.830.995'], ['G01.910.857'], ['L01.280.960'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Fiducial-based targeting accuracy for external-beam radiotherapy.
|
The accuracy of fiducial-based alignment of external radiotherapy beams is analyzed. The study considers three basic computational methods to determine the target position--the exact closed-form solution for three fiducials, the solution via singular value decomposition for four or more fiducials, and the iterative solution for any number of fiducials--and assesses their accuracy, robustness, and efficiency. Particular attention is paid to inaccuracies arising from the variability of fiducial positions in soft tissue. In nearly every test case it is found that all three solution methods, when properly implemented, yield the same result for the target position, but that the method of singular value decomposition must be modified to distinguish rotations from reflections. When an accurate measure of the rotation of the target site is needed, four fiducials give much better results than three, while more than five fiducials gain little further improvement.
|
['Algorithms', 'Biophysical Phenomena', 'Biophysics', 'Humans', 'Models, Theoretical', 'Monte Carlo Method', 'Radiosurgery', 'Radiotherapy', 'Reproducibility of Results']
| 11,929,016
|
[['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['G01.154'], ['H01.158.344', 'H01.671.100'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.599'], ['E05.318.740.525', 'L01.906.394.422', 'N05.715.360.750.540', 'N06.850.520.830.525'], ['E02.815.530', 'E04.525.800.650', 'E05.873.500'], ['E02.815'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
The association between subjective maternal stress during pregnancy and offspring clinically diagnosed psychiatric disorders.
|
OBJECTIVE: Exposure to prenatal stress is a ubiquitous and non-specific risk factor for adverse outcomes in adulthood. In this study, we examined associations between exposure to subjective maternal stress during pregnancy and subsequent diagnosis of psychiatric disorders in offspring.METHOD: This study used the Helsinki Longitudinal Temperament Cohort, a prospective birth cohort of individuals born between 1 July 1975 and 30 June 1976 in Helsinki, Finland. The sample for this study comprised 3626 infants whose mothers had completed health and well-being assessments during pregnancy which included a measure of self-reported stress. We ran logistic regressions to assess potential associations between prenatal stress and offspring psychiatric disorder in adulthood, identified through the Finnish Hospital Discharge Register.RESULTS: Individuals whose mothers reported stress during pregnancy had significantly greater odds of developing a psychiatric disorder (OR = 1.41, 95% CI = 1.10-1.81) particularly a mood disorder (OR = 1.67, 95% CI = 1.10-2.54). These associations remained after adjusting for parental psychiatric history, and other prenatal factors.CONCLUSIONS: Individuals exposed to prenatal stress had significantly increased risk of developing psychiatric disorders later in life. This finding highlights the importance of supporting the mental health and emotional well-being of women during pregnancy.
|
['Adult', 'Anxiety Disorders', 'Female', 'Finland', 'Humans', 'Longitudinal Studies', 'Male', 'Mental Disorders', 'Mood Disorders', 'Pregnancy', 'Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects', 'Psychotic Disorders', 'Registries', 'Stress, Psychological']
| 30,548,544
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['F03.080'], ['Z01.542.816.186'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.500'], ['F03'], ['F03.600'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['C13.703.824.500'], ['F03.700.675'], ['E05.318.308.970', 'N04.452.859.819', 'N05.715.360.300.715.700', 'N06.850.520.308.970'], ['F01.145.126.990', 'F02.830.900']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
[Completed suicide in Spain, 1906-1991. Geographical distribution of mortality].
|
Suicidal behaviour in Spain, from the National Institute of Statistics (INE) data, is analysed. Provincial standardized figures of the first national study on Suicide (INE-1906) and those ones in 1991 (Spanish last Census), are compared. We discuss the consequences from the preventive approach.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Child', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Incidence', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Sex Factors', 'Spain', 'Suicide']
| 8,686,565
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.406'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.375', 'N01.224.935.597.500', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.375', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.375'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['N05.715.350.675', 'N06.850.490.875'], ['Z01.542.846'], ['F01.145.126.980.875', 'I01.880.735.856']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Adjustment of the endoscopic third ventriculostomy entry point based on the anatomical relationship between coronal and sagittal sutures.
|
OBJECT: The coronal suture is often used as an empirical landmark for the entry point for endoscopic third ventriculostomy. The trajectory for the approach is often drawn based on midsagittal MRI findings. However, because the coronal suture is not perpendicular to the midline, this method may be inaccurate.METHODS: The junction of the coronal and sagittal sutures was exposed at the outer table of the cranium of 15 cadavers. An ideal coronal line was established perpendicular to the sagittal suture at the junction of the sagittal and coronal sutures. The distance from this ideal coronal line at the level of the coronal-sagittal junction to the actual coronal suture was measured at 1-cm intervals. The measured distance between the 2 planes was termed the distance to the coronal suture.RESULTS: The coronal suture bows forward as it moves from medial to lateral. From 1-6 cm lateral to the sagittal suture, the distance to the coronal suture was 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.8, 1.0, and 1.4 cm, respectively. There was no significant difference between the right and left sides.CONCLUSIONS: The position of a bur hole for endoscopic third ventriculostomy should be moved posteriorly with respect to the coronal suture the more laterally it is placed. Although the adjustment is small, it may be crucial. Failure to make this adjustment may result in suboptimal bur hole placement and increase the risk of morbidity.
|
['Cadaver', 'Cranial Sutures', 'Frontal Bone', 'Humans', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Neuroendoscopy', 'Parietal Bone', 'Third Ventricle', 'Ventriculostomy']
| 23,259,823
|
[['C23.550.260.224'], ['A02.835.232.781.200'], ['A02.835.232.781.375'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['E01.370.376.525', 'E01.370.388.250.700', 'E04.502.250.700', 'E04.525.562'], ['A02.835.232.781.651'], ['A08.186.211.140.840'], ['E04.035.188.957', 'E04.525.170.860']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Radiation therapy in the management of localized carcinoma of the prostate: a preliminary report.
|
Since 1970 a total of 107 patients has been treated radically with radiation therapy for carcinoma of the prostate. The local control with this form of treatment is over 90%. The five year actuarial survival is 74% and the disease-free survival 58%. Serious morbidity has been minimal. Survival is related to the extent of initial involvement and the histology of the tumor, but is not influenced by elevation of the acid phosphatase. Radical radiation therapy is an effective method of local control for carcinoma of the prostate and is potentially curative.
|
['Acid Phosphatase', 'Aged', 'Digestive System', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasm Metastasis', 'Prostatic Neoplasms', 'Radiation Dosage', 'Radiotherapy, High-Energy', 'Remission, Spontaneous', 'Time Factors', 'Urinary Tract']
| 401,678
|
[['D08.811.277.352.650.025'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['A03'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04.697.650', 'C23.550.727.650'], ['C04.588.945.440.770', 'C12.294.260.750', 'C12.294.565.625', 'C12.758.409.750'], ['E05.799.513', 'G01.750.740', 'N06.850.810.250'], ['E02.815.722'], ['C23.550.291.656.700', 'G16.767'], ['G01.910.857'], ['A05.810']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
A comparative assessment of a new antacid formulation based on magaldrate.
|
A new antacid formulation (Dynese) based on magaldrate, a discrete chemical entity with marked antacid properties, has been compared in vitro with several commercially available antacid preparations. All preparations were tested for their ability to maintain gastric pH within acceptable limits and to effectively bind bile acids. Sodium concentrations were also determined. Dynese was shown to compare very favourably with existing preparations in that it had a prolonged even neutralization profile, efficient bile acid binding properties and a low sodium content.
|
['Aluminum Hydroxide', 'Antacids', 'Bile Acids and Salts', 'Gastric Acid', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Magnesium', 'Magnesium Hydroxide', 'Sodium']
| 6,662,972
|
[['D01.045.250.050', 'D01.056.037', 'D01.248.497.158.459.075'], ['D27.505.519.170', 'D27.505.954.483.080'], ['D04.210.500.105'], ['A12.200.307.603'], ['G02.300'], ['D01.268.552.437', 'D01.268.557.500', 'D01.552.547.500'], ['D01.045.250.575', 'D01.248.497.158.459.388', 'D01.524.485'], ['D01.268.549.750', 'D01.268.557.650', 'D01.552.528.850', 'D01.552.547.725']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Use of transcranial micropolarization in the treatment of tension headaches].
|
The study was made of effectiveness of transcranial micropolarization (TSMP) in the treatment of tension headache (TH). A course of TSMP was conducted in 33 TH patients. TSMP has relieved TH, anxiety, depression. Neither side effects nor complications occurred.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Electric Stimulation Therapy', 'Electroencephalography', 'Humans', 'Tension-Type Headache', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 12,380,527
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['E02.331', 'E02.779.468', 'E02.831.535.468'], ['E01.370.376.300', 'E01.370.405.245'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C10.228.140.546.399.875'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Cdk1 phosphorylates SPAT-1/Bora to trigger PLK-1 activation and drive mitotic entry in C. elegans embryos.
|
The molecular mechanisms governing mitotic entry during animal development are incompletely understood. Here, we show that the mitotic kinase CDK-1 phosphorylates Suppressor of Par-Two 1 (SPAT-1)/Bora to regulate its interaction with PLK-1 and to trigger mitotic entry in early Caenorhabditis elegans embryos. Embryos expressing a SPAT-1 version that is nonphosphorylatable by CDK-1 and that is defective in PLK-1 binding in vitro present delays in mitotic entry, mimicking embryos lacking SPAT-1 or PLK-1 functions. We further show that phospho-SPAT-1 activates PLK-1 by triggering phosphorylation on its activator T loop in vitro by Aurora A. Likewise, we show that phosphorylation of human Bora by Cdk1 promotes phosphorylation of human Plk1 by Aurora A, suggesting that this mechanism is conserved in humans. Our results suggest that CDK-1 activates PLK-1 via SPAT-1 phosphorylation to promote entry into mitosis. We propose the existence of a positive feedback loop that connects Cdk1 and Plk1 activation to ensure a robust control of mitotic entry and cell division timing.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Animals', 'Aurora Kinase A', 'CDC2 Protein Kinase', 'Caenorhabditis elegans', 'Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins', 'Cell Cycle Proteins', 'Embryo, Nonmammalian', 'Enzyme Activation', 'Humans', 'Larva', 'Mitosis', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Phosphorylation', 'Protein Processing, Post-Translational', 'Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases', 'Sf9 Cells', 'Spodoptera']
| 25,753,036
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['B01.050'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.103.500', 'D12.776.167.049.500'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.646.500.500.250', 'D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.646.500.984.500', 'D12.644.360.250.067.249', 'D12.644.360.250.580.500', 'D12.776.167.200.067.249', 'D12.776.167.200.580.500', 'D12.776.476.250.067.249', 'D12.776.476.250.580.500', 'D12.776.744.360'], ['B01.050.500.500.294.400.875.660.250.250'], ['D12.776.419.500'], ['D12.776.167'], ['A13.350', 'A16.331'], ['G02.111.263', 'G03.328'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['B05.500.500', 'G07.345.500.550.500.500'], ['G04.144.220.220.781', 'G05.113.220.781'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G02.111.665', 'G02.607.780', 'G03.796'], ['G02.111.660.871.790.600', 'G02.111.691.600', 'G03.734.871.790.600', 'G05.308.670.600'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700'], ['A11.251.210.891'], ['B01.050.500.131.617.720.500.500.937.650.700']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
MIDORI server: a webserver for taxonomic assignment of unknown metazoan mitochondrial-encoded sequences using a curated database.
|
Summary: We present MIDORI server, a user-friendly web platform that uses a curated reference dataset, MIDORI, for high throughput taxonomic classification of unknown metazoan mitochondrial-encoded gene sequences. Currently three methods of taxonomic assignments: RDP Classifier, SPINGO and SINTAX, are implemented.Availability and implementation: The web server is freely available at {http://reference-midori.info/server.php}.
|
['Animals', 'Computational Biology', 'Computers', 'Databases, Factual', 'Databases, Genetic', 'Genes, Mitochondrial', 'Internet', 'Software']
| 29,878,054
|
[['B01.050'], ['H01.158.273.180', 'L01.313.124'], ['L01.224.230.260'], ['L01.313.500.750.300.188.400', 'L01.470.750.750'], ['L01.313.500.750.300.188.400.325', 'L01.470.750.750.325'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.365', 'G05.420.275.500'], ['L01.224.230.110.500'], ['L01.224.900']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Internucleobase-interaction-directed self-assembly of nanofibers from homo- and heteroditopic 1,omega-nucleobase bolaamphiphiles.
|
The complementary 1,omega-thymine, 1,omega-adenine, and 1,omega-(thymine, adenine) bolaamphiphiles, [N,N'-bis[3-(2,4-dihydroxy-5-methylpyrimidine-1-yl)propionyl]1,n-diaminoalkane [T-n-T (n = 10, 11, 12)], N, N'-bis[3-(6-aminopurine-9-yl)propionyl]1,n-diaminoalkane [A-n-A (n = 10, 11, 12)], and N-[3-(2,4-dihydroxy-5-methylpyrimidine-1-yl)propionyl], N'-[3-(6-aminopurine-9-yl)propionyl]1,n-diaminoalkane [T-n-A (n = 10, 11, 12)], respectively] have been synthesized. The spontaneous homo- and heteroassembly of these nucleobase-based bolaamphiphiles has been studied by light microscopy, energy-filtering transmission electron microscopy, FT-IR, and powder X-ray diffraction analyses. The achiral T-10-T bolaamphiphile produced in 10% ethanolic/aqueous solutions unprecedented double-helical ropes of 1-2 microm in widths and several hundred micrometers in length, whereas the complementary homologue A-10-A gave only microcrystalline solids of 1-10 microm in size. In contrast, an equimolar mixture of T-10-T and A-10-A yielded supramolecular fibers of 15-30 nm in width. (1)H NMR, CD, and UV studies of solution photoreactions of T-10-T suggested that under natural light the chiral rope formation is triggered by photodimerization of trace amounts of the thymine moieties in the T-10-T assemblies. Complementary hydrogen bond formation between the thymine-adenine heterobase pairs was found to prevent such a photoreaction and resulted in no chiral rope formation. The heteroditopic T-12-A bolaamphiphile self-assembled to form supramolecular fibers. Multilamellar organization was proposed for the homo- and heteroassemblies made of T-n-T and A-n-A.
|
['Adenine', 'Microscopy', 'Microscopy, Electron', 'Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared', 'Structure-Activity Relationship', 'Surface-Active Agents', 'Thymine', 'X-Ray Diffraction']
| 11,414,828
|
[['D03.633.100.759.138'], ['E01.370.350.515', 'E05.595', 'H01.671.617.562'], ['E01.370.350.515.402', 'E05.595.402'], ['E05.196.712.726.676.700', 'E05.196.867.826.676.700'], ['G02.111.830', 'G07.690.773.997'], ['D27.720.877'], ['D03.383.742.698.875.899'], ['E05.196.309.742', 'E05.196.822.950', 'G01.867.950', 'G02.965']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Excitability increase in withdrawal interneurons after conditioning in snail.
|
Membrane mechanisms of conditioning of the defensive reflex in the snails Helix pomatia and H. lucorum were investigated. Tapping on the shell was used as a conditioned stimulus, which under normal conditions produces no defensive reaction. A light blow of air into the pneumostome, called the defensive closure reaction, was used as an unconditioned stimulus. When a combination of conditioned and unconditioned stimuli were presented with 2-4 min interval, the reflex developed over a period of 3 days. The separate conditioned and unconditioned stimuli presented randomly were used as an active control. The electrical characteristics of identified interneurons involved in this defensive behavior were then measured in an isolated preparation. There was shown to be a decrease in the threshold of action potential generation from 20.5 to 16.3 mV and depolarizing shift of membrane potential from -62.1 to -57.0 mV. The electrical characteristics of withdrawal interneurons of active control snails did not differ from those in intact animals. All results show an increase in excitability of withdrawal interneurons after associative learning.
|
['Action Potentials', 'Animals', 'Association Learning', 'Conditioning, Psychological', 'Helix, Snails', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Interneurons', 'Membrane Potentials', 'Reflex']
| 9,512,399
|
[['G04.580.100', 'G07.265.675.100', 'G11.561.570.100'], ['B01.050'], ['F02.463.425.069.296'], ['F02.463.425.179'], ['B01.050.500.644.400.750.450'], ['E05.481'], ['A08.675.358', 'A11.671.358'], ['G01.154.535', 'G04.580', 'G07.265.675', 'G11.561.570'], ['E01.370.376.550.650', 'E01.370.600.550.650', 'F02.830.702', 'G11.561.731']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Locations of the beta1 transmembrane helices in the BK potassium channel.
|
BK channels are composed of alpha-subunits, which form a voltage- and Ca(2+)-gated potassium channel, and of modulatory beta-subunits. The beta1-subunit is expressed in smooth muscle, where it renders the BK channel sensitive to [Ca(2+)](i) in a voltage range near the smooth-muscle resting potential and slows activation and deactivation. BK channel acts thereby as a damped feedback regulator of voltage-dependent Ca(2+) channels and of smooth muscle tone. We explored the contacts between alpha and beta1 by determining the extent of endogenous disulfide bond formation between cysteines substituted just extracellular to the two beta1 transmembrane (TM) helices, TM1 and TM2, and to the seven alpha TM helices, consisting of S1-S6, conserved in all voltage-dependent potassium channels, and the unique S0 helix, which we previously concluded was partly surrounded by S1-S4. We now find that the extracellular ends of beta1 TM2 and alpha S0 are in contact and that beta1 TM1 is close to both S1 and S2. The extracellular ends of TM1 and TM2 are not close to S3-S6. In almost all cases, cross-linking of TM2 to S0 or of TM1 to S1 or S2 shifted the conductance-voltage curves toward more positive potentials, slowed activation, and speeded deactivation, and in general favored the closed state. TM1 and TM2 are in position to contribute, in concert with the extracellular loop and the intracellular N- and C-terminal tails of beta1, to the modulation of BK channel function.
|
['Cysteine', 'Disulfides', 'Electrophysiology', 'Large-Conductance Calcium-Activated Potassium Channels', 'Models, Molecular', 'Muscle, Smooth', 'Protein Structure, Tertiary']
| 18,669,652
|
[['D02.886.030.230', 'D02.886.489.155', 'D12.125.154.299', 'D12.125.166.230'], ['D01.248.497.158.874.390', 'D01.875.350.850.150', 'D02.886.520.150'], ['H01.158.344.528', 'H01.158.782.236'], ['D12.776.157.530.400.600.150.500', 'D12.776.543.550.450.750.150.500', 'D12.776.543.585.400.750.150.500'], ['E05.599.595'], ['A02.633.570', 'A10.690.467'], ['G02.111.570.820.709.610']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Self-aggregation of synthetic bacteriochlorophyll-d analogues possessing a B-ring reduced chlorin pi-system.
|
Zinc 3(1)-hydroxy-13(1)-oxo-chlorophyll derivatives 3 and 4 having a B-ring reduced chlorin pi-system (C7-C8, C17=C18) were prepared as models of self-aggregative bacteriochlorophyll-d, which are regioisomers of 1 and 2 possessing a natural-type D-ring reduced chlorin pi-system (C7=C8, C17-C18). 3(1)-Epimerically pure forms of secondary alcohol 3 (3-CH(OH)CH(3)) as well as primary alcohol 4 (3-CH(2)OH) were effectively synthesized by modifying naturally available bacteriochlorophyll-a. Self-aggregation of 3 and 4 in an aqueous micellar solution was examined by UV-vis and CD spectroscopies and compared with that of their regioisomeric 1 and 2.
|
['Bacteriochlorophylls', 'Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'Circular Dichroism', 'Crystallography, X-Ray', 'Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy', 'Molecular Structure', 'Porphyrins', 'Spectrometry, Mass, Fast Atom Bombardment']
| 19,791,736
|
[['D03.383.129.578.840.374.100', 'D03.633.400.909.374.100', 'D04.345.783.374.100', 'D12.776.752.249'], ['E05.196.181.400.300'], ['E05.196.867.151'], ['E05.196.309.742.225'], ['E05.196.867.519'], ['G02.111.570', 'G02.466'], ['D03.383.129.578.840.500', 'D03.633.400.909.500', 'D04.345.783.500', 'D23.767.727'], ['E05.196.566.750']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
3-Year follow-up results of bone mineral content and density after a school-based physical activity randomized intervention trial.
|
BACKGROUND: As an important modifiable lifestyle factor in osteoporosis prevention, physical activity has been shown to positively influence bone mass accrual during growth. We have previously shown that a nine month general school based physical activity intervention increased bone mineral content (BMC) and density (aBMD) in primary school children. From a public health perspective, a major key issue is whether these effects persist during adolescence. We therefore measured BMC and aBMD three years after cessation of the intervention to investigate whether the beneficial short-term effects persisted.METHODS: All children from 28 randomly selected first and fifth grade classes (intervention group (INT): 16 classes, n=297; control group (CON): 12 classes, n=205) who had participated in KISS (Kinder-und Jugendsportstudie) were contacted three years after cessation of the intervention program. The intervention included daily physical education with daily impact loading activities over nine months. Measurements included anthropometry, vigorous physical activity (VPA) by accelerometers, and BMC/aBMD for total body, femoral neck, total hip, and lumbar spine by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Sex- and age-adjusted Z-scores of BMC or aBMD at follow-up were regressed on intervention (1 vs. 0), the respective Z-score at baseline, gender, follow-up height and weight, pubertal stage at follow-up, previous and current VPA, adjusting for clustering within schools.RESULTS: 377 of 502 (75%) children participated in baseline DXA measurements and of those, 214 (57%) participated to follow-up. At follow-up INT showed significantly higher Z-scores of BMC at total body (adjusted group difference: 0.157 units (0.031-0.283); p=0.015), femoral neck (0.205 (0.007-0.402); p=0.042) and at total hip (0.195 (0.036 to 0.353); p=0.016) and higher Z-scores of aBMD for total body (0.167 (0.016 to 0.317); p=0.030) compared to CON, representing 6-8% higher values for children in the INT. No differences could be found for the remaining bone parameters. For the subpopulation with baseline VPA (n=163), effect sizes became stronger after baseline VPA adjustment. After adjustment for baseline and current VPA (n=101), intervention effects were no longer significant, while effect sizes remained the same as without adjustment for VPA.CONCLUSION: Beneficial effects on BMC of a nine month general physical activity intervention appeared to persist over three years. Part of the maintained effects may be explained by current physical activity.
|
['Bone Density', 'Child', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Motor Activity', 'Schools']
| 23,510,752
|
[['G11.427.100'], ['M01.060.406'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.145.632', 'G11.427.410.698'], ['I02.783', 'J03.832']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Staphylococcus aureus growth and survival during curding of Manchego type cheese produced with normal and subnormal starter activity.
|
Manchego type cheese was manufactured from milk from cows, goats and ewes artificially contaminated with 2 X 10(4) S. aureus cells ml. Lactic starter culture was added to the milk at the rate of 1.0 or 0.1% (v/v). the industrial process of Manchego type cheese manufacture was imitated. Cheeses were analyzed for both staphylococcal and non-staphylococcal total aerobic counts, as well as for the pH and enterotoxin production. Growth differences in staphylococcal counts in cheeses prepared with both starter concentrations were seen only after the brine treatment, the counts were 10 times greater with the 0.1% starter. Nevertheless, with the 1% starter culture the staphylococcal counts did not decrease from the moment of inoculation remaining high after brine treatment. For a similar inoculum, the strains used responded in a different manner, the highest values corresponding to strains FRI-100, S6 and FRI-472, and the lowest to FRI-137 and FRI-361. No differences in pH were seen between batches prepared with both starter concentrations.
|
['Animals', 'Cattle', 'Cheese', 'Female', 'Food Handling', 'Food Microbiology', 'Goats', 'Milk', 'Sheep', 'Staphylococcus aureus']
| 3,590,995
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['G07.203.200.500.444', 'G07.203.300.350.300.444', 'J02.350.500.444', 'J02.500.350.300.444'], ['J01.576.423.200'], ['H01.158.273.540.274.332', 'J01.576.423.850.730.500.249.300', 'N06.850.425.200', 'N06.850.460.400.300', 'N06.850.601.500.249.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.513'], ['A12.200.455', 'A12.790', 'G07.203.100.700', 'G07.203.300.350.525', 'J02.200.700', 'J02.500.350.525'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.791'], ['B03.300.390.400.800.750.100', 'B03.353.500.750.750.100', 'B03.510.100.750.750.100', 'B03.510.400.790.750.100']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Predicting success and long-term outcomes of percutaneous mitral valvuloplasty: a multifactorial score.
|
BACKGROUND: Percutaneous mitral valvuloplasty (PMV) success depends on appropriate patient selection. A multifactorial score derived from clinical, anatomic/echocardiographic, and hemodynamic variables would predict procedural success and clinical outcome.METHODS: Demographic data, echocardiographic parameters (including echocardiographic score), and procedure-related variables were recorded in 1085 consecutive PMVs. Long-term clinical follow-up (death, mitral valve replacement, redo PMV) was performed. Multivariate regression analysis of the first 800 procedures was performed to identify independent predictors of procedural success. Significant variables were formulated into a risk score and validated prospectively.RESULTS: Six independent predictors of PMV success were identified: age less than 55 years, New York Heart Association classes I and II, pre-PMV mitral area of 1 cm(2) or greater, pre-PMV mitral regurgitation grade less than 2, echocardiographic score of 8 or greater, and male sex. A score was constructed from the arithmetic sum of variables present per patient. Procedural success rates increased incrementally with increasing score (0% for 0/6, 39.7% for 1/6, 54.4% for 2/6, 77.3% for 3/6, 85.7% for 4/6, 95% for 5/6, and 100% for 6/6; P < .001). In a validation cohort (n = 285 procedures), the multifactorial score remained a significant predictor of PMV success (P < .001). Comparison between the new score and the echocardiographic score confirmed that the new index was more sensitive and specific (P < .001). This new score also predicts long-term outcomes (P < .001).CONCLUSION: Clinical, anatomic, and hemodynamic variables predict PMV success and clinical outcome and may be formulated in a scoring system that would help to identify the best candidates for PMV.
|
['Age Distribution', 'Catheterization', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Mitral Valve Stenosis', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Regression Analysis', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Risk Assessment', 'Sex Distribution', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Ultrasonography']
| 19,486,721
|
[['I01.240.050', 'N01.224.033', 'N06.850.505.400.050'], ['E02.148', 'E05.157'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C14.280.484.517'], ['E05.318.370.800.650', 'N05.715.360.325.700.640', 'N06.850.520.445.800.650'], ['E05.318.740.750', 'N05.715.360.750.695', 'N06.850.520.830.750'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.715', 'N04.452.871.715', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.690', 'N06.850.505.715', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.715'], ['I01.240.800', 'N01.224.803', 'N06.850.505.400.850'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['E01.370.350.850']]
|
['Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Monitoring sepsis using electrical cell profiling.
|
Sepsis is a potentially lethal condition that may be ameliorated through early monitoring of circulating activated leukocytes for faster stratification of severity of illness and improved administration of targeted treatment. Characterization of the intrinsic electrical properties of leukocytes is label-free and can provide a quick way to quantify the number of activated cells as sepsis progresses. Iso-dielectric separation (IDS) uses dielectrophoresis (DEP) to characterize the electrical signatures of cells. Here, we use IDS to show that activated and non-activated leukocytes have different electrical properties. We then present a double-sided version of the IDS platform to increase throughput to characterize thousands of cells. This new platform is less prone to cell fouling and allows faster characterization. Using peripheral blood samples from a cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) model of polymicrobial sepsis in mice, we estimate the number of activated leukocytes by looking into differences in the electrical properties of cells. We show for the first time using animal models that electrical cell profiling correlates with flow cytometry (FC) results and that IDS is therefore a good candidate for providing rapid monitoring of sepsis by quantifying the number of circulating activated leukocytes.
|
['Animals', 'Electric Impedance', 'Electricity', 'Granulocytes', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Sepsis']
| 27,722,555
|
[['B01.050'], ['G01.358.500.249.277.350'], ['G01.358.500.249'], ['A11.118.637.415', 'A11.148.350', 'A11.627.340', 'A15.145.229.637.415', 'A15.378.316.340', 'A15.382.490.315'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['C01.757', 'C23.550.470.790.500']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Minimum-distance requirements could harm high-performing critical-access hospitals and rural communities.
|
Since the inception of the Medicare Rural Hospital Flexibility Program in 1997, over 1,300 rural hospitals have converted to critical-access hospitals, which entitles them to Medicare cost-based reimbursement instead of reimbursement based on the hospital prospective payment system (PPS). Several changes to eligibility for critical-access status have recently been proposed. Most of the changes focus on mandating that hospitals be located a certain minimum distance from the nearest hospital. Our study found that critical-access hospitals located within fifteen miles of another hospital generally are larger, provide better quality, and are financially stronger compared to critical-access hospitals located farther from another hospital. Returning to the PPS would have considerable negative impacts on critical-access hospitals that are located near another hospital. We conclude that establishing a minimum-distance requirement would generate modest cost savings for Medicare but would likely be disruptive to the communities that depend on these hospitals for their health care.
|
['Cost Savings', 'Economics, Hospital', 'Health Services Accessibility', 'Hospitals, Rural', 'Humans', 'Medicare', 'Reimbursement Mechanisms', 'Rural Population', 'United States']
| 25,847,646
|
[['N03.219.151.160.200'], ['N03.219.262'], ['N04.590.374.350', 'N05.300.430'], ['N02.278.421.518'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N03.219.521.346.506.564.663', 'N03.219.521.576.343.840', 'N03.706.615.696'], ['N03.219.521.710.305'], ['N01.600.725'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Evaluation of cardiac ischemia by NADH fluroescence photography.
|
A direct, noninvasive method of assessing the oxidation-reduction potential of an intramyocardial respiratory chain component is described. The technique is based on the differences in spectral properties between the oxidized and reduced forms of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH). The tissue surface fluorescence from intracellular NADH may be measured and documented photographically. Noose occlusion of a coronary artery produced detectable NADH fluorescence in 15 seconds in the subtended ischemic epicardium. This fluorescence of reduced pyridine nucleotide resolved following 60 seconds of reperfusion of the ischemic myocardium. The reduction of epicardial NADH with ischemia is a rapid and reversible process. A subsequent noose reocclusion resulted in a reproducible pattern of fluorescence. The technique of NADH fluorescence photography appears superior to current methods of assessing tissue oxygen supply:demand.
|
['Animals', 'Coronary Disease', 'Fluoroscopy', 'Myocardium', 'NAD', 'Oxidation-Reduction', 'Photofluorography', 'Rabbits']
| 203,234
|
[['B01.050'], ['C14.280.647.250', 'C14.907.585.250'], ['E01.370.350.700.225'], ['A02.633.580', 'A07.541.704', 'A10.690.552.750'], ['D03.633.100.759.646.138.694', 'D08.211.589', 'D13.695.667.138.694', 'D13.695.827.068.694'], ['G02.700', 'G03.295.531'], ['E01.370.350.600.625', 'E01.370.350.700.225.625'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.968.700']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The relative timing of trunk muscle activation is retained in response to unanticipated postural-perturbations during acute low back pain.
|
The purpose of this study was to assess the activation of the erector spinae (ES) and external oblique (EO) in response to unanticipated, bi-directional postural perturbations before and after the induction of acute low back pain (LBP) in healthy individuals. An experimental session consisted of a baseline, control, and an acute LBP condition. For the control and acute LBP condition, isotonic or hypertonic saline (HS), respectively, was injected into the right ES muscle. In each condition, participants stood on a moveable platform during which 32 randomized postural perturbations (8 repetitions of 4 perturbation types: 8 cm anterior slides, 8 cm posterior slides, 10° anterior tilts, and 10° posterior tilts) with varying inter-perturbation time intervals were performed over a period of 4-5 min. Bilateral surface electromyography (EMG) was recorded from the ES and EO in addition to subjective pain records. During the acute LBP condition: (1) the onset time of the ES and EO was delayed for the forward and backward sliding perturbations (P < 0.05); (2) EMG amplitude was reduced bilaterally for all perturbations (P < 0.05); (3) the order of activation and interval between the onset times of the ES and EO were unaltered and (4) ES, but not EO, activity was adjusted to account for the directional differences between the perturbations. This study revealed that re-establishment of posture and balance was a result of the individuals' ability to rapidly modulate ES with respect to EO activity and that the bi-directional postural responses, although shifted in time and amplitude, retained temporal features in the presence of acute LBP.
|
['Acute Disease', 'Adaptation, Physiological', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Low Back Pain', 'Male', 'Muscle Contraction', 'Muscle, Skeletal', 'Postural Balance', 'Reaction Time', 'Reflex', 'Time Factors', 'Young Adult']
| 21,442,223
|
[['C23.550.291.125'], ['G07.025', 'G16.012.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C23.888.592.612.107.400'], ['G11.427.494'], ['A02.633.567', 'A10.690.552.500'], ['F02.830.816.541.752', 'G07.888.750.500', 'G11.427.690', 'G11.561.790.541.595'], ['E05.796.817', 'F02.830.650', 'F04.669.817', 'G11.561.677'], ['E01.370.376.550.650', 'E01.370.600.550.650', 'F02.830.702', 'G11.561.731'], ['G01.910.857'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Wastewater quality improvement through storage: a case study in Sicily.
|
This paper presents the results of a research aiming at evaluating the effects of storage on wastewater characteristics. Wastewater discharged from the Caltagirone (Eastern Sicily) plant after secondary treatment was stored in an earth reservoir with a capacity of about 25,000 m3 and a depth of 5 m. Wastewater inflow in the reservoir was continuous throughout the experimental activities, while discharge was discontinuous, depending on irrigation demand. Removal efficiency resulted highly influenced by the operation regime of the reservoir and by influent wastewater characteristics. BOD5 and COD removal efficiency was above 50%. Removal efficiency of faecal coliforms, faecal streptococci and Escherichia coli was between 2 and 5 log units. Single and multiple regressions were tested to determine the reservoir design characteristics and operation parameters that most significantly affected water quality changes.
|
['Oxygen', 'Regression Analysis', 'Sicily', 'Waste Disposal, Fluid', 'Water Microbiology', 'Water Pollution', 'Water Purification']
| 12,793,677
|
[['D01.268.185.550', 'D01.362.670'], ['E05.318.740.750', 'N05.715.360.750.695', 'N06.850.520.830.750'], ['Z01.542.489.751', 'Z01.542.580.500.751', 'Z01.639.640.751'], ['N06.850.780.200.800.800.890', 'N06.850.860.510.900.600.900'], ['H01.158.273.540.274.777', 'N06.850.425.450'], ['N06.850.460.790'], ['N06.850.780.200.800.800.900.900', 'N06.850.860.510.900.900']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
A comparative assessment of continuous production techniques to generate sub-micron size PLGA particles.
|
The clinical and commercial development of polymeric sub-micron size formulations based on poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) particles is hampered by the challenges related to their good manufacturing practice (GMP)-compliant, scale-up production without affecting the formulation specifications. Continuous process technologies enable large-scale production without changing the process or formulation parameters by increasing the operation time. Here, we explore three well-established process technologies regarding continuity for the large-scale production of sub-micron size PLGA particles developed at the lab scale using a batch method. We demonstrate optimization of critical process and formulation parameters for high-shear mixing, high-pressure homogenization and microfluidics technologies to obtain PLGA particles with a mean diameter of 150-250 nm and a small polydispersity index (PDI, ?0.2). The most influential parameters on the particle size distribution are discussed for each technique with a critical evaluation of their suitability for GMP production. Although each technique can provide particles in the desired size range, high-shear mixing is found to be particularly promising due to the availability of GMP-ready equipment and large throughput of production. Overall, our results will be of great guidance for establishing continuous process technologies for the GMP-compliant, large-scale production of sub-micron size PLGA particles, facilitating their commercial and clinical development.
|
['Chemistry, Pharmaceutical', 'Microfluidics', 'Nanoparticles', 'Particle Size', 'Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer']
| 30,144,511
|
[['H01.158.703.007', 'H01.181.466'], ['E05.830.666', 'H01.671.808.500', 'J01.897.520.500.500'], ['J01.637.512.600'], ['G02.712'], ['D02.241.511.459.450.500', 'D05.750.728.780.500', 'D25.720.728.780.500', 'J01.637.051.720.728.780.500']]
|
['Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Haemodynamic effects of clonidine injected epidurally in halothane-anaesthetized dogs.
|
The haemodynamic effects of clonidine administered in the epidural space were studied in 16 halothane-anaesthetized dogs. The animals were randomly assigned to two groups: Group I received three doses of 3 ml of normal saline, Group II received three doses of 3 micrograms X kg-1 of clonidine, through an epidural catheter, whose tip was located between L2-T11. Control haemodynamic measurements were taken one hour after completion of the surgical preparation (period P1); they were repeated every 45 minutes after each incremental dose (periods P2, P3, P4) and 105 minutes after a total cumulative dose of 9 micrograms X kg-1 of clonidine or 9 ml of saline were given (period P5). No significant changes over time were observed in Group I. In Group II clonidine produced statistically significant reductions of systemic blood pressure (BP), mean left ventricular pressure (LV), heart rate (HR), cardiac output (CO) and peak LV dP/dt only after a total clonidine dose of 9 micrograms X kg-1 and these changes were sustained. BP fell 15 per cent, CO 21 per cent, HR 25 per cent, LV 20 per cent and peak LV dP/dt 30 per cent when P5 measurements were compared to control values within Group II (p less than 0.05). These haemodynamic effects of clonidine are likely due to minimal systemic absorption and/or cephalad spread of the drug towards its site of action in the brain stem. The reductions of HR, CO, BP, and isovolemic indices of contractility are likely explained by a reduction of sympathetic outflow at the spinal cord and medulla oblongata levels as well as increased parasympathetic tone.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
|
['Anesthesia', 'Animals', 'Blood Pressure', 'Cardiac Output', 'Clonidine', 'Dogs', 'Halothane', 'Heart Rate', 'Hemodynamics', 'Injections, Epidural', 'Myocardial Contraction']
| 3,829,284
|
[['E03.155'], ['B01.050'], ['E01.370.600.875.249', 'G09.330.380.076'], ['E01.370.370.380.150', 'G09.330.380.124'], ['D03.383.129.308.436.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.250.216.200'], ['D02.455.526.340'], ['E01.370.600.875.500', 'G09.330.380.500'], ['G09.330.380'], ['E02.319.267.530.580.300'], ['G09.330.580', 'G11.427.494.570']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Cross-correlation analyses of nonlinear systems with spatiotemporal inputs.
|
Methods are presented for analyzing the low-order stimulus-response cross-correlation functions (or kernels) of visual neurons studied with spatiotemporal white noise. In particular, formulas are derived that relate the low-order kernels of a cell to its responses to single-drifting, double-drifting, and counterphase gratings. The harmonic response terms contributed by the low-order kernels include a mean response term, first- and second-harmonic terms, and sum- and difference-harmonic terms. Using the formulas in this paper, one can obtain kernel-based predictions for the spatiotemporal-frequency tuning of each harmonic. These kernel-based predictions can then be compared with harmonic tuning data obtained in experiments with real grating stimuli. The methods are illustrated using data recorded from one simple and one complex cell from the primary visual cortex of the monkey. The approach of transforming low-order kernels into predicted harmonic tuning functions provides a useful data reduction technique as well as providing insight into the interpretation of kernels.
|
['Animals', 'Models, Neurological', 'Neurons', 'Nonlinear Dynamics', 'Visual Cortex']
| 8,307,593
|
[['B01.050'], ['E05.599.395.642'], ['A08.675', 'A11.671'], ['E05.599.850', 'H01.548.675'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.571.735', 'A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.814.953']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
NoSQL data model for semi-automatic integration of ethnomedicinal plant data from multiple sources.
|
INTRODUCTION: Sharing traditional knowledge with the scientific community could refine scientific approaches to phytochemical investigation and conservation of ethnomedicinal plants. As such, integration of traditional knowledge with scientific data using a single platform for sharing is greatly needed. However, ethnomedicinal data are available in heterogeneous formats, which depend on cultural aspects, survey methodology and focus of the study. Phytochemical and bioassay data are also available from many open sources in various standards and customised formats.OBJECTIVE: To design a flexible data model that could integrate both primary and curated ethnomedicinal plant data from multiple sources.MATERIALS AND METHODS: The current model is based on MongoDB, one of the Not only Structured Query Language (NoSQL) databases. Although it does not contain schema, modifications were made so that the model could incorporate both standard and customised ethnomedicinal plant data format from different sources.RESULTS: The model presented can integrate both primary and secondary data related to ethnomedicinal plants. Accommodation of disparate data was accomplished by a feature of this database that supported a different set of fields for each document. It also allowed storage of similar data having different properties.CONCLUSION: The model presented is scalable to a highly complex level with continuing maturation of the database, and is applicable for storing, retrieving and sharing ethnomedicinal plant data. It can also serve as a flexible alternative to a relational and normalised database.
|
['Data Interpretation, Statistical', 'Database Management Systems', 'Databases, Factual', 'Information Storage and Retrieval', 'Integrated Advanced Information Management Systems', 'Medicine, Traditional', 'Models, Statistical', 'Plants, Medicinal']
| 24,737,485
|
[['E05.245.380', 'E05.318.740.300', 'L01.313.500.750.190.380', 'N05.715.360.750.300', 'N06.850.520.830.300'], ['L01.224.068', 'L01.224.900.280', 'N04.452.515.110'], ['L01.313.500.750.300.188.400', 'L01.470.750.750'], ['L01.313.500.750.280', 'L01.470'], ['L01.313.500.750.300.420'], ['E02.190.488', 'I01.076.201.450.654'], ['E05.318.740.500', 'E05.599.835', 'N05.715.360.750.530', 'N06.850.520.830.500'], ['B01.650.560']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Mutational analysis of bacterial NAD+-dependent DNA ligase: role of motif IV in ligation catalysis.
|
The bacterial DNA ligase as a multiple domain protein is involved in DNA replication, repair and recombination. Its catalysis of ligation can be divided into three steps. To delineate the roles of amino acid residues in motif IV in ligation catalysis, site-directed mutants were constructed in a bacterial NAD+-dependent DNA ligase from Thermus sp. TAK16D. It was shown that four conserved residues (D286, G287, V289 and K291) in motif IV had significant roles on the overall ligation. Under single turnover conditions, the observed apparent rates of D286E, G287A, V289I and K291R mutants were clearly reduced compared with that of WT ligase on both match and mismatch nicked substrates. The effects of D286E mutation on overall ligation may not only be ascribed to the third step. The G287A mutation has a major effect on the second step. The effects of V289I and K291R mutation on overall ligation are not on the third step, perhaps other aspects, such as conformation change of ligase protein in ligation catalysis, are involved. Moreover, the amino acid substitutions of above four residues were more sensitive on mismatch nicked substrate, indicating an enhanced ligation fidelity.
|
['Amino Acid Motifs', 'Amino Acid Sequence', 'Base Pair Mismatch', 'Base Sequence', 'Catalysis', 'DNA Ligases', 'DNA Mutational Analysis', 'DNA, Bacterial', 'Escherichia coli', 'Kinetics', 'Mutagenesis, Site-Directed', 'Protein Structure, Tertiary', 'Substrate Specificity', 'Thermus', 'Transformation, Genetic']
| 17,687,496
|
[['G02.111.570.820.709.275.500', 'G02.111.570.820.709.600.500'], ['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['G05.365.590.060'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['G02.130'], ['D08.811.074.500', 'D08.811.464.754.600'], ['E05.393.760.700.300'], ['D13.444.308.212'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['E05.393.420.601.575'], ['G02.111.570.820.709.610'], ['G02.111.835'], ['B03.440.400.425.875'], ['G05.728.865']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Effect of Ultrasound-Guided Placement of Difficult-to-Place Peripheral Venous Catheters: A Prospective Study of a Training Program for Nurse Anesthetists.
|
Patients with difficult intravenous access (DIVA) often experience discomfort because of failed attempts to place peripheral venous catheters (PVCs); however, ultrasound guidance may improve this problem with catheter placement. The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of ultrasound when operated by nurse anesthetists for these patients. This prospective observational study with a pre/post design focused on inpatients with DIVA referred for PVC placement, a service provided by nurse anesthetists in most Scandinavian hospitals. The rate of success, procedure time, number of skin punctures, discomfort, catheter size, location, and incidence of central venous catheter placement are reported before and after implementation of a training program and a mobile service using ultrasound to place difficult-to-place PVCs. The success rate increased from 0% (0 of 33 patients) to 83% (58 of 70 patients) with ultrasound. Procedure time was reduced from 20 to 10 minutes, discomfort was unchanged, and the median number of skin punctures decreased from 3 to 2. The incidence of central venous catheter placement dropped from 34% to 7%. Implementation of a training program and a mobile service in which nurse anesthetists performed ultrasound-guided PVC placement improved the success rate and quality of care in patients with DIVA.
|
['Administration, Intravenous', 'Catheterization, Peripheral', 'Education, Nursing', 'Humans', 'Nurse Anesthetists', 'Prospective Studies', 'Ultrasonography, Interventional']
| 27,311,149
|
[['E02.319.267.082'], ['E02.148.224', 'E04.100.814.529.937', 'E04.502.382.937', 'E05.157.375'], ['I02.358.462'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.526.485.140.650', 'M01.526.485.650.648.500', 'N02.360.140.650', 'N02.360.650.648.500'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E01.370.350.850.855', 'E04.502.890']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Sex-related analysis of short- and long-term clinical outcomes and bleeding among patients treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention: an evaluation of the RISK-PCI data.
|
BACKGROUND: Unfavourable effect of female sex on short- and long-term clinical outcomes has been demonstrated in unselected ST-elevation acute myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients; the results are conflicting in patients who undergo primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI). The objective of this substudy was to determine whether there are sex-related differences in the 30-day and 1-year clinical outcomes and bleeding after PPCI for STEMI.METHODS: We analyzed 2096 STEMI patients enrolled in the Risk Scoring Model to Predict Net Adverse Cardiovascular Outcomes After Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (RISK-PCI) trial from February 2006 to December 2009. Composite efficacy end point comprised all-cause mortality, nonfatal infarction, and stroke. Safety end point was bleeding classified according to the Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) criteria. Net adverse cardiovascular events included composite efficacy end point and total bleeding.RESULTS: Women in our study were older and presented later than men. After adjustment for potential confounders, there was no difference between sexes with respect to the composite efficacy end point. A higher rate of total bleeding was observed in women (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 1.67; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.07-2.61 at 30 days, adjusted OR, 1.63; 95% CI, 1.08-2.47 at 1 year) compared with men. Total bleeding was associated with increased mortality at 30 days (OR, 4.87; 95% CI, 2.79-8.47) and at 1 year (OR, 4.43; 95% CI, 2.79-7.02) after PPCI.CONCLUSIONS: We did not find a significant sex-related difference with respect to the composite efficacy end point. Women had a higher rate of total bleeding which was associated with increased short- and long-term mortality. Specific measures aimed at preventing bleeding in women might improve the prognosis of PPCI patients.
|
['Age Factors', 'Cohort Studies', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Longitudinal Studies', 'Male', 'Myocardial Infarction', 'Odds Ratio', 'Percutaneous Coronary Intervention', 'Postoperative Hemorrhage', 'Prognosis', 'Risk Assessment', 'Sex Factors', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 23,462,375
|
[['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.500'], ['C14.280.647.500', 'C14.907.585.500', 'C23.550.513.355.750', 'C23.550.717.489.750'], ['E05.318.740.600.600', 'G17.680.500', 'N05.715.360.750.625.590', 'N06.850.520.830.600.600'], ['E04.100.814.529.968', 'E04.502.382.968'], ['C23.550.414.941', 'C23.550.767.850'], ['E01.789'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.715', 'N04.452.871.715', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.690', 'N06.850.505.715', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.715'], ['N05.715.350.675', 'N06.850.490.875'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
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