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[A biochemical mechanism for the epigenesis of the neuromuscular junction].
|
A biochemical mechanism, expressed as a system of diffusion equations with non linear coupling on the muscle membrane, quantitatively accounts for the development of the neuromuscular junction and for the epigenetic dependence on the afferent multimessages of the focal and distributed synaptic topologies.
|
['Models, Biological', 'Neuromuscular Junction']
| 6,783,343
|
[['E05.599.395'], ['A08.800.550.550.550', 'A08.850.550.550', 'A11.284.149.165.420.780.550.550']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
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Construction and complementation of in-frame deletions of the essential Escherichia coli thymidylate kinase gene.
|
This work reports the construction of Escherichia coli in-frame deletion strains of tmk, which encodes thymidylate kinase, Tmk. The tmk gene is located at the third position of a putative five-gene operon at 24.9 min on the E. coli chromosome, which comprises the genes pabC, yceG, tmk, holB, and ycfH. To avoid potential polar effects on downstream genes of the operon, as well as recombination with plasmid-encoded tmk, the tmk gene was replaced by the kanamycin resistance gene kka1, encoding amino glycoside 3'-phosphotransferase kanamycin kinase. The kanamycin resistance gene is expressed under the control of the natural promoter(s) of the putative operon. The E. coli tmk gene is essential under any conditions tested. To show functional complementation in bacteria, the E. coli tmk gene was replaced by thymidylate kinases of bacteriophage T4 gp1, E. coli tmk, Saccharomyces cerevisiae cdc8, or the Homo sapiens homologue, dTYMK. Growth of these transgenic E. coli strains is completely dependent on thymidylate kinase activities of various origin expressed from plasmids. The substitution constructs show no polar effects on the downstream genes holB and ycfH with respect to cell viability. The presented transgenic bacteria could be of interest for testing of thymidylate kinase-specific phosphorylation of nucleoside analogues that are used in therapies against cancer and infectious diseases.
|
['Bacteriophage T4', 'Base Sequence', 'Cell Line', 'DNA, Bacterial', 'Escherichia coli', 'Gene Deletion', 'Gene Expression', 'Genes, Bacterial', 'Genetic Complementation Test', 'Humans', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Nucleoside-Phosphate Kinase', 'Operon', 'Plasmids', 'Species Specificity', 'Transduction, Genetic']
| 16,461,678
|
[['B04.123.150.500.350', 'B04.123.205.891.200', 'B04.280.090.500.350'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['A11.251.210'], ['D13.444.308.212'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['G05.365.590.762.320', 'G05.558.800.320'], ['G05.297'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.364.249', 'G05.360.340.358.024.249', 'G05.360.340.358.207.249'], ['E05.393.281.526'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['D08.811.913.696.650.575'], ['G05.360.340.024.686', 'G05.360.340.358.207.500'], ['G05.360.600'], ['G16.824'], ['E05.393.350.800', 'G05.728.850']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
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|
Synovial plicae of the knee joint: the role of advanced MRI.
|
Synovial plicae are normal anatomical structures of the knee that may become symptomatic. MRI is an established technique for evaluating the anatomy of the knee, and it is a valuable tool for detecting plicae because of its high resolution resulting in increased tissue characterisation. At MRI, knee plicae appear as low-signal-intensity structures of variable size and thickness, and they are better visualised at fluid-sensitive sequences with or without fat suppression. The combined use of clinical examination and MRI may also facilitate the diagnosis of fibrotic or inflamed plicae that may be symptomatic. Arthroscopy remains the gold standard for recognition and repair of knee plicae in cases of knee dysfunction.
|
['Adult', 'Arthroscopy', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Joint Diseases', 'Knee Joint', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Syndrome', 'Synovial Membrane']
| 25,476,020
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E01.370.388.250.070', 'E04.502.250.070', 'E04.555.113'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C05.550'], ['A02.835.583.475'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['C23.550.288.500'], ['A02.835.583.443.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
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|
Preservation of myocyte contractile function after hyperthermic cardioplegic arrest by activation of ATP-sensitive potassium channels.
|
BACKGROUND: Left ventricular (LV) dysfunction can occur after hyperkalemic cardioplegic arrest and subsequent reperfusion and rewarming. Activation of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels within the myocyte sarcolemma has been shown to be cardioprotective for myocardial reperfusion injury and ischemia and may play a contributory role in preconditioning for cardioplegic arrest. Accordingly, the present study tested the hypothesis that cardioplegic arrest and activation of KATP channels by a potassium channel opener (PCO) would attenuate alterations in ionic homeostasis and improve myocyte contractile function.METHODS AND RESULTS: Porcine LV myocytes were isolated and randomly assigned to the following treatment groups: normothermic control, incubation in cell culture media for 2 hours at 37 degrees C (n=60); hyperkalemic cardioplegia, incubation for 2 hours in hypothermic hyperkalemic cardioplegic solution (n=60); or PCO/cardioplegia, incubation in cardioplegic solution containing 100 micromol/L of the PCO aprikalim (n=60). Hyperkalemic cardioplegia and rewarming caused a significant reduction in myocyte velocity of shortening compared with normothermic control values (33+/-2 versus 66+/-2 microm/s, P<.05). Cardioplegic arrest with PCO supplementation significantly improved indices of myocyte contractile function when compared with hyperkalemic cardioplegia (58+/-4 microm/s, P<.05). Myocyte intracellular calcium increased during hyperkalemic cardioplegic arrest compared with baseline values (147+/-2 versus 85+/-2 nmol/L, P<.05). The increase in intracellular calcium was significantly reduced in myocytes exposed to the PCO-supplemented cardioplegic solution (109+/-4 nmol/L, P<.05).CONCLUSIONS: Cardioplegic arrest with simultaneous activation of KATP channels preserves myocyte contractile processes and attenuates the accumulation of intracellular calcium. These findings suggest that changes in intracellular calcium play a role in myocyte contractile dysfunction associated with cardioplegic arrest. Moreover, alternative strategies may exist for preservation of myocyte contractile function during cardioplegic arrest.
|
['Animals', 'Calcium', 'Cardioplegic Solutions', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Heart', 'Heart Arrest, Induced', 'Hot Temperature', 'Isoproterenol', 'Kinetics', 'Myocardial Contraction', 'Myocardial Reperfusion Injury', 'Myocardium', 'Picolines', 'Potassium', 'Potassium Channels', 'Potassium Channels, Inwardly Rectifying', 'Pyrans', 'Swine', 'Time Factors', 'Vasodilator Agents']
| 9,337,214
|
[['B01.050'], ['D01.268.552.100', 'D01.552.539.288', 'D23.119.100'], ['D26.776.708.160', 'D27.505.954.411.207', 'D27.505.954.578.322', 'D27.720.752.322'], ['A11.251'], ['A07.541'], ['E04.100.376.374', 'E04.928.220.360'], ['G01.906.595.543', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710.380', 'G16.500.750.775.710.380', 'N06.230.300.100.725.232', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710.380'], ['D02.033.100.291.439', 'D02.092.063.291.439', 'D02.092.311.649', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.175.649'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['G09.330.580', 'G11.427.494.570'], ['C14.280.238.615', 'C14.280.647.625', 'C14.907.585.625', 'C14.907.725.600', 'C23.550.767.877.500'], ['A02.633.580', 'A07.541.704', 'A10.690.552.750'], ['D03.383.725.676'], ['D01.268.549.550', 'D01.268.557.575', 'D01.552.528.652', 'D01.552.547.650'], ['D12.776.157.530.400.600', 'D12.776.543.550.450.750', 'D12.776.543.585.400.750'], ['D12.776.157.530.400.600.450', 'D12.776.543.550.450.750.450', 'D12.776.543.585.400.750.450'], ['D03.383.663'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.880'], ['G01.910.857'], ['D27.505.954.411.918']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
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|
Size polymorphism and low sequence diversity in the locus encoding the Plasmodium vivax rhoptry neck protein 4 (PvRON4) in Colombian isolates.
|
BACKGROUND: Designing a vaccine against Plasmodium vivax has focused on selecting antigens involved in invasion mechanisms that must have domains with low polymorphism for avoiding allele-specific immune responses. The rhoptry neck protein 4 (RON4) forms part of the tight junction, which is essential in the invasion of hepatocytes and/or erythrocytes; however, little is known about this locus' genetic diversity.METHODS: DNA sequences from 73 Colombian clinical isolates from pvron4 gene were analysed for characterizing their genetic diversity; pvron4 haplotype number and distribution, as well as the evolutionary forces determining diversity pattern, were assessed by population genetics and molecular evolutionary approaches.RESULTS: ron4 has low genetic diversity in P. vivax at sequence level; however, a variable amount of tandem repeats at the N-terminal region leads to extensive size polymorphism. This region seems to be exposed to the immune system. The central region has a putative esterase/lipase domain which, like the protein's C-terminal fragment, is highly conserved at intra- and inter-species level. Both regions are under purifying selection.CONCLUSIONS: pvron4 is the locus having the lowest genetic diversity described to date for P. vivax. The repeat regions in the N-terminal region could be associated with immune evasion mechanisms while the central region and the C-terminal region seem to be under functional or structural constraint. Bearing such results in mind, the PvRON4 central and/or C-terminal portions represent promising candidates when designing a subunit-based vaccine as they are aimed at avoiding an allele-specific immune response, which might limit vaccine efficacy.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Cluster Analysis', 'Colombia', 'DNA, Protozoan', 'Evolution, Molecular', 'Female', 'Genetic Variation', 'Haplotypes', 'Humans', 'Malaria, Vivax', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Phylogeny', 'Plasmodium vivax', 'Protozoan Proteins', 'Sequence Analysis, DNA', 'Sequence Homology', 'Young Adult']
| 27,756,311
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['E05.318.740.250', 'N05.715.360.750.200', 'N06.850.520.830.250'], ['Z01.107.757.284'], ['D13.444.308.442'], ['G05.045.250', 'G16.075.250'], ['G05.365'], ['G05.380.360'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C01.610.752.530.700', 'C01.920.875.700'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G05.697', 'G16.075.605', 'L01.100.697'], ['B01.043.075.380.611.761'], ['D12.776.820'], ['E05.393.760.700'], ['G02.111.810', 'G05.810'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 1
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|
Sub-lethal concentrations of waterborne copper are toxic to lateral line neuromasts in zebrafish (Danio rerio).
|
In teleosts, the lateral line system is composed of neuromasts containing hair cells that are analogous to those present in the inner ear of all vertebrates. In the zebrafish embryo and early larva, this system is composed of the anterior lateral line (ALL), which covers the head, and the posterior lateral line (PLL), present in the trunk and tail. The mechanosensory hair cells found in neuromasts can be labeled in vivo using fluorescent dyes such as 4-di-2-Asp (DiAsp) or FM1-43. We have studied the effects of water-borne copper exposure on the function of the lateral line system in zebrafish larvae. Our results show that transient incubation of post-hatching larvae for 2h with non-lethal concentrations of copper (1-50 microM CuSO4) induces cellular damage localized to neuromasts, apoptosis, and loss of hair cell markers. This effect is specific to copper, as other metals did not show these effects. Since hair cells in fish can regenerate, we followed the reappearance of viable hair cells in neuromasts after copper removal. In the PLL, we determined that there is a threshold concentration of copper above which regeneration does not occur, whereas, at lower concentrations, the length of time it takes for viable hair cells to reappear is dependent on the amount of copper used during the treatment. The ALL behaves differently though, as regeneration can occur even after treatments with concentrations of copper an order of magnitude higher than the one that irreversibly affects the PLL. Regeneration of hair cells is dependent on cell division within the neuromasts as damage that precludes proliferation prevents reappearance of this cell type.
|
['Animals', 'Cell Death', 'Copper', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Hair Cells, Auditory', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Lateral Line System', 'Mechanoreceptors', 'Pyridinium Compounds', 'Regeneration', 'Staining and Labeling', 'Water Pollutants, Chemical', 'Zebrafish']
| 16,386,394
|
[['B01.050'], ['G04.146'], ['D01.268.556.195', 'D01.268.956.170', 'D01.552.544.195'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['A08.675.650.250', 'A08.675.650.915.750.600.350', 'A08.800.950.750.600.350', 'A09.246.300.246.577.325', 'A11.671.650.250', 'A11.671.650.915.750.600.350'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['A13.564'], ['A08.675.650.915.750', 'A08.800.950.750', 'A11.671.650.915.750'], ['D03.383.725.762'], ['G16.762'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.670', 'E01.370.225.750.600.670', 'E05.200.500.620.670', 'E05.200.750.600.670'], ['D27.888.284.903.655'], ['B01.050.150.900.493.200.244.828']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
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| 0
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|
Development of a risk assessment tool to predict fall-related severe injuries occurring in a hospital.
|
Inpatient falls are the most common adverse events that occur in a hospital, and about 3 to 10% of falls result in serious injuries such as bone fractures and intracranial haemorrhages. We previously reported that bone fractures and intracranial haemorrhages were two major fall-related injuries and that risk assessment score for osteoporotic bone fracture was significantly associated not only with bone fractures after falls but also with intracranial haemorrhage after falls. Based on the results, we tried to establish a risk assessment tool for predicting fall-related severe injuries in a hospital. Possible risk factors related to fall-related serious injuries were extracted from data on inpatients that were admitted to a tertiary-care university hospital by using multivariate Cox' s regression analysis and multiple logistic regression analysis. We found that fall risk score and fracture risk score were the two significant factors, and we constructed models to predict fall-related severe injuries incorporating these factors. When the prediction model was applied to another independent dataset, the constructed model could detect patients with fall-related severe injuries efficiently. The new assessment system could identify patients prone to severe injuries after falls in a reproducible fashion.
|
['Accidental Falls', 'Adult', 'Age Factors', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Body Mass Index', 'Female', 'Hospitals, University', 'Humans', 'Inpatients', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Nigeria', 'Regression Analysis', 'Risk Assessment', 'Risk Factors', 'Sex Factors', 'Trauma Severity Indices', 'Wounds and Injuries']
| 25,168,984
|
[['N06.850.135.122'], ['M01.060.116'], ['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.125', 'E05.041.124.125', 'G07.100.100.125', 'N06.850.505.200.100.175'], ['N02.278.020.300.310', 'N02.278.421.639.725'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.643.470'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['Z01.058.290.190.565'], ['E05.318.740.750', 'N05.715.360.750.695', 'N06.850.520.830.750'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.715', 'N04.452.871.715', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.690', 'N06.850.505.715', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.715'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['N05.715.350.675', 'N06.850.490.875'], ['E05.318.308.940.968.875', 'E05.944', 'N04.452.859.564.800', 'N05.715.360.300.715.500.800', 'N06.850.520.308.940.968.875'], ['C26']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Reading research critically. II. An introduction to appraisal: assessing the evidence.
|
This is the second of two articles providing an introduction to the critical appraisal of research reports. In this paper guidelines for evaluating the quality of evidence and the validity of conclusions are suggested, and a check-list of evaluation points is presented.
|
['Bias', 'Humans', 'Nursing Research', 'Reading', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Research Design']
| 7,834,137
|
[['N05.715.350.150', 'N06.850.490.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['H01.770.644.145.390', 'H02.478.395', 'N04.590.233.508.613'], ['L01.559.423.557'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['E05.581.500', 'H01.770.644.728']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Wyatt v. Stickney: a consent decree.
|
On September 22, 1986, Judge Myron Thompson issued a consent decree in the Wyatt v. Stickney litigation. The settlement occurred 14 years after Judge Frank M. Johnson, Jr. rendered his landmark decision in this case. The consent decree included termination of the court's active supervision of the state's mental health system, termination of the receivership, and termination of the court monitor's powers. The state agreed to adhere to Wyatt standards, maintain Title XIX accreditation, continue deinstitutionalization efforts, and develop an internal advocacy and quality assurance program. Mechanisms are also to be put in place to apprise the plaintiffs' attorneys of progress in these efforts.
|
['Alabama', 'Deinstitutionalization', 'Hospitals, Psychiatric', 'Humans', 'Intellectual Disability', 'Mental Health Services', 'Patient Advocacy']
| 3,671,812
|
[['Z01.107.567.875.075.100', 'Z01.107.567.875.750.100'], ['E02.760.415.280', 'N02.421.585.415.280'], ['N02.278.421.556.508'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C10.597.606.360', 'C23.888.592.604.646', 'F01.700.687', 'F03.625.539'], ['F04.408', 'N02.421.461'], ['I01.880.604.631', 'N03.706.678']]
|
['Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Bayesian variable and model selection methods for genetic association studies.
|
Variable selection is growing in importance with the advent of high throughput genotyping methods requiring analysis of hundreds to thousands of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and the increased interest in using these genetic studies to better understand common, complex diseases. Up to now, the standard approach has been to analyze the genotypes for each SNP individually to look for an association with a disease. Alternatively, combinations of SNPs or haplotypes are analyzed for association. Another added complication in studying complex diseases or phenotypes is that genetic risk for the disease is often due to multiple SNPs in various locations on the chromosome with small individual effects that may have a collectively large effect on the phenotype. Hence, multi-locus SNP models, as opposed to single SNP models, may better capture the true underlying genotypic-phenotypic relationship. Thus, innovative methods for determining which SNPs to include in the model are needed. The goal of this article is to describe several methods currently available for variable and model selection using Bayesian approaches and to illustrate their application for genetic association studies using both real and simulated candidate gene data for a complex disease. In particular, Bayesian model averaging (BMA), stochastic search variable selection (SSVS), and Bayesian variable selection (BVS) using a reversible jump Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) for candidate gene association studies are illustrated using a study of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and simulated data.
|
['Bayes Theorem', 'Databases, Genetic', 'Genome-Wide Association Study', 'Humans', 'Macular Degeneration', 'Markov Chains', 'Models, Genetic', 'Models, Statistical', 'Molecular Epidemiology', 'Monte Carlo Method', 'Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide', 'Stochastic Processes']
| 18,618,760
|
[['E05.318.740.600.200', 'N05.715.360.750.625.150', 'N06.850.520.830.600.200'], ['L01.313.500.750.300.188.400.325', 'L01.470.750.750.325'], ['E05.318.370.392', 'E05.318.416.249', 'E05.393.385.500', 'E05.393.522.500', 'E05.393.760.640.500', 'N06.850.520.445.392', 'N06.850.520.470.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C11.768.585.439'], ['E05.318.740.600.500', 'E05.318.740.996.500', 'G17.830.500', 'N05.715.360.750.625.500', 'N05.715.360.750.770.500', 'N06.850.520.830.600.500', 'N06.850.520.830.996.500'], ['E05.599.395.397'], ['E05.318.740.500', 'E05.599.835', 'N05.715.360.750.530', 'N06.850.520.830.500'], ['E05.318.416', 'E05.393.522', 'H01.158.201.636.475.500', 'H01.158.273.343.595.475.500', 'H01.181.122.650.475.550', 'H02.403.720.500.300', 'N06.850.520.470'], ['E05.318.740.525', 'L01.906.394.422', 'N05.715.360.750.540', 'N06.850.520.830.525'], ['G05.365.795.598'], ['E05.318.740.996', 'G17.830', 'N05.715.360.750.770', 'N06.850.520.830.996']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
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|
Evaluation of the Proliferative Effects Induced by Low-Level Laser Therapy in Bone Marrow Stem Cell Culture.
|
OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of laser irradiation on dog bone marrow stem cells.BACKGROUND DATA: Low doses of low-level red laser positively affect the viability of mesenchymal stem cells, and also increase proliferation.METHODS: Low-level laser (wavelength, 660 nm; power output, 50 mW), was applied to dog bone marrow stem cell cultures (DBMSC). The energy densities delivered varied from 1 to 12J/cm(2). The effect of the laser irradiation was evaluated on cell proliferation measured with the MTT colorimetric test, cell cycle phase, and on lipidic peroxidation (free radical production).RESULTS: The results indicate that laser irradiation to DBMSC did not change the morphology of the cells, but significantly increased their viability and the number of cells at the G2/M phase with 6, 10, and 12 J/cm(2). On the other hand, malonaldehyde production was significantly enhanced with 8 J/cm(2).CONCLUSIONS: The parameters used to irradiate DBMSC increased significantly proliferation without producing high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS).
|
['Animals', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Dogs', 'Humans', 'Low-Level Light Therapy', 'Mesenchymal Stem Cells']
| 26,580,583
|
[['B01.050'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['A11.251'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.250.216.200'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.594.540', 'E02.774.500'], ['A11.329.830.500', 'A11.872.590.500']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Shortcomings of alternative techniques for the assessment of acute toxicity.
|
Relatively little work has been done on the development of cell culture and other models to assess the acute toxicity of chemicals. Many of the present shortcomings have already been addressed in earlier presentations but will be summarized by the author. The parameters necessary for an appropriate model of acute toxicity will be discussed and the difference between testing for specific and general effects will be highlighted. Some possible future research directions and research needs will be discussed.
|
['Animals', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Computers', 'Costs and Cost Analysis', 'Lethal Dose 50', 'Models, Biological', 'Research Design', 'Structure-Activity Relationship', 'Toxicology']
| 6,880,780
|
[['B01.050'], ['A11.251'], ['L01.224.230.260'], ['N03.219.151'], ['E05.940.402', 'G07.225.500', 'G07.690.773.875.750', 'G07.690.936.500.750'], ['E05.599.395'], ['E05.581.500', 'H01.770.644.728'], ['G02.111.830', 'G07.690.773.997'], ['H01.158.891', 'H02.884']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Mebeverine-loaded electrospun nanofibers: physicochemical characterization and dissolution studies.
|
Both fast dissolving and sustained release drug delivery systems (DDSs) comprising mebeverine hydrochloride (MB-HCl) embedded in either povidone (PVP) K60 or Eudragit(®) L 100-55 nanofibers have been prepared by electrospinning. The fibers are found to have cylindrical morphologies with smooth surfaces, except at high drug loadings that appear to induce surface roughness (PVP) or fragmentation (Eudragit). There is a general increase in fiber diameter with drug loading. Differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction demonstrate that the drug exists in an amorphous state in the fibers. Infrared spectroscopy data indicate that the drug has good compatibility with the polymer, whereas nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and high-performance liquid chromatography analyses confirmed that the MB-HCl was not degraded during the spinning process. In vitro dissolution tests of the PVP fiber mats show them to dissolve within 10 s, an improved dissolution profile over the pure drug. The Eudragit fibers show pH-dependent drug release profiles, with only very limited release at pH 2.0 but sustained release over approximately 8 h at pH 6.8. The Eudragit nanofibers have the potential to be developed as oral DDSs for localized drug release in the intestinal tract, whereas the PVP materials may find the application as buccal delivery systems or suppositories.
|
['Delayed-Action Preparations', 'Drug Delivery Systems', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Nanofibers', 'Phenethylamines', 'Polymers', 'Polymethacrylic Acids', 'Povidone', 'Solubility']
| 24,258,335
|
[['D26.255.210', 'E02.319.300.253'], ['E02.319.300'], ['G02.300'], ['J01.637.512.300'], ['D02.092.471.683'], ['D05.750', 'D25.720', 'J01.637.051.720'], ['D02.241.081.069.800', 'D05.750.716.822.111.650', 'D25.720.716.822.111.650', 'J01.637.051.720.716.822.111.650'], ['D02.455.326.271.884.533.699', 'D03.383.773.812.615', 'D05.750.716.721.838', 'D25.720.716.721.838', 'J01.637.051.720.716.721.838'], ['G02.805']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Stroke. are there any difference between patients with or without patent foramen ovale in left atrial appendage systolic function?].
|
INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to evaluate the systolic function of the left atrial appendage (LAA) in a group with and without patent foramen ovale (PFO) who suffered ischemic cerebrovascular events.MATERIAL AND METHODS: Between September 2010 and October 2011, 17 patients were referred for transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) after suffering a stroke. PFO was defined as the passage of at least one bubble through atrial septum with bubble test. We compared systolic velocity in the appendage between patients with and without PFO and a control group.RESULTS: Were 8 women and 9 men, mean age 54.1 ± 19.5 years and 8 patients were under 55 years of age. All patients had suffered a ischemic cerebrovascular events, 41.2% had stroke, 52.9% transient ischemic attack and amaurosis fugax 5.9%. In the assessment of TEE, 11.8% had atrial septal aneurysm and 35.3% PFO. Mean LAA systolic velocity was 66.3 ± 20.3 cm / sec. There was no difference in systolic velocity of the LAA between patients with and without PFO (67.5 ± 11.8 cm / sec vs 65.7 ± 24.3 cm / sec respectively, p = 0.87). The control group of 8 patients, 5 women and 3 men, mean age 39.5 ± 18 years, had a LAA systolic velocity of 77.6 ± 28.9 cm / sec, no significant differences with ischemic patients.CONCLUSION: There were no differences in systolic function of the LAA between patients with and without PFO with ischemic cerebrovascular event.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Atrial Appendage', 'Atrial Function, Left', 'Blood Flow Velocity', 'Echocardiography, Doppler, Pulsed', 'Female', 'Foramen Ovale, Patent', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Stroke', 'Systole']
| 23,751,786
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['A07.541.358.100'], ['G09.330.040.100'], ['E01.370.370.130', 'G09.330.380.630.080'], ['E01.370.350.130.750.220.225', 'E01.370.350.850.220.220.225', 'E01.370.350.850.850.220.225', 'E01.370.350.850.850.860.225', 'E01.370.370.380.220.220.225'], ['C14.240.400.560.375.258', 'C14.280.400.560.375.258', 'C16.131.240.400.560.375.258'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C10.228.140.300.775', 'C14.907.253.855'], ['G09.330.580.880', 'G11.427.494.570.880']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Combining a dispersal model with network theory to assess habitat connectivity.
|
Assessing the potential for threatened species to persist and spread within fragmented landscapes requires the identification of core areas that can sustain resident populations and dispersal corridors that can link these core areas with isolated patches of remnant habitat. We developed a set of GIS tools, simulation methods, and network analysis procedures to assess potential landscape connectivity for the Delmarva fox squirrel (DFS; Sciurus niger cinereus), an endangered species inhabiting forested areas on the Delmarva Peninsula, USA. Information on the DFS's life history and dispersal characteristics, together with data on the composition and configuration of land cover on the peninsula, were used as input data for an individual-based model to simulate dispersal patterns of millions of squirrels. Simulation results were then assessed using methods from graph theory, which quantifies habitat attributes associated with local and global connectivity. Several bottlenecks to dispersal were identified that were not apparent from simple distance-based metrics, highlighting specific locations for landscape conservation, restoration, and/or squirrel translocations. Our approach links simulation models, network analysis, and available field data in an efficient and general manner, making these methods useful and appropriate for assessing the movement dynamics of threatened species within landscapes being altered by human and natural disturbances.
|
['Animals', 'Conservation of Natural Resources', 'Ecosystem', 'Environmental Monitoring', 'Geography', 'United States']
| 20,405,797
|
[['B01.050'], ['J01.256', 'N06.230.080'], ['G16.500.275.157', 'N06.230.124'], ['N06.850.460.350.080', 'N06.850.780.375'], ['H01.277.500'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Feeling respected: a Parse method study.
|
This article reports a Parse research study on feeling respected with 10 participants. The finding of this study is the structure: The lived experience of feeling respected is fortifying assuredness amid potential disregard emerging with the fulfilling delight of prized alliances. The structure is discussed in light of the human becoming school of thought and related literature.
|
['Art', 'Attitude', 'Awareness', 'Feedback, Psychological', 'Female', 'Human Development', 'Humans', 'Interpersonal Relations', 'Knowledge', 'Leadership', 'Male', 'Morals', 'Narration', 'Nursing Methodology Research', 'Nursing Theory', 'Philosophy, Nursing', 'Power, Psychological', 'Quality of Life', 'Research Design', 'Self Efficacy', 'Semantics', 'Social Support', 'Social Values', 'Virtues']
| 16,407,600
|
[['K01.093'], ['F01.100'], ['F02.463.188.150'], ['F01.058.288', 'F04.754.308'], ['F01.525', 'G07.345.374'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.829.401'], ['K01.468'], ['F01.752.609'], ['F01.829.500', 'K01.752.566'], ['E05.318.308.502', 'F01.145.209.459', 'L01.399.250.660', 'N05.715.360.300.480', 'N06.850.520.308.502'], ['H01.770.644.145.390.634', 'H02.478.395.634', 'N04.590.233.508.613.634'], ['H02.478.408'], ['K01.752.712'], ['F01.658.780'], ['I01.800', 'K01.752.400.750', 'N06.850.505.400.425.837'], ['E05.581.500', 'H01.770.644.728'], ['F01.752.747.792.700'], ['L01.559.598.745'], ['I01.880.853.500.600'], ['F01.829.873'], ['F01.829.500.840', 'K01.752.566.934']]
|
['Humanities [K]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Synovial osteochondromatosis in the foot.
|
Two cases of synovial osteochondromatosis of the first toe are reported. A third case of a loose body associated with joint destruction is presented for comparison.
|
['Adult', 'Biopsy', 'Calcinosis', 'Cartilage, Articular', 'Chondroma', 'Humans', 'Joint Loose Bodies', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Synovial Membrane', 'Toe Joint']
| 2,825,885
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E01.370.225.500.384.100', 'E01.370.225.998.054', 'E01.370.388.100', 'E04.074', 'E05.200.500.384.100', 'E05.200.998.054', 'E05.242.384.100'], ['C18.452.174.130'], ['A02.165.407.150', 'A02.835.583.192'], ['C04.557.450.565.265'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C05.550.535'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['A02.835.583.443.800'], ['A02.835.583.378.900']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Phase I trial of volasertib, a Polo-like kinase inhibitor, in Japanese patients with acute myeloid leukemia.
|
This phase I trial conducted in Japanese patients with acute myeloid leukemia evaluated the safety, maximum tolerated dose and pharmacokinetics of volasertib (BI 6727), a selective Polo-like kinase inhibitor. The primary endpoints were the maximum tolerated dose of volasertib and the incidence of dose-limiting toxicities. Secondary endpoints were best response and remission duration. Other endpoints included safety and pharmacokinetics. Patients who were ineligible for standard induction therapy or with relapsed or refractory disease received volasertib monotherapy as a 2-h infusion on days 1 and 15 of a 28-day cycle, with dose escalation following a 3 + 3 design. A total of 19 patients were treated with three volasertib doses: 350, 400 and 450 mg. One patient receiving volasertib 450 mg reported a dose-limiting toxicity of grade 4 abnormal liver function test and 450 mg was determined as the maximum tolerated dose. The most frequently reported adverse events were febrile neutropenia (78.9%), decreased appetite (42.1%), nausea and rash (36.8% each), and sepsis, fatigue, hypokalemia, stomatitis and epistaxis (26.3% each). Best responses were complete remission (n = 3), complete remission with incomplete blood count recovery (n = 3) and partial remission (n = 1). The median remission duration of the six patients with complete remission or complete remission with incomplete blood count recovery was 85 days (range 56-358). Volasertib exhibited multi-compartmental pharmacokinetic behavior with a fast distribution after the end of infusion followed by slower elimination phases. Volasertib monotherapy was clinically manageable with acceptable adverse events and anti-leukemic activity.
|
['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Antineoplastic Agents', 'Asian Continental Ancestry Group', 'Cell Cycle Proteins', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Japan', 'Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute', 'Male', 'Maximum Tolerated Dose', 'Middle Aged', 'Protein Kinase Inhibitors', 'Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins', 'Pteridines']
| 26,471,242
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['D27.505.954.248'], ['M01.686.508.200'], ['D12.776.167'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.252.474.463', 'Z01.639.595'], ['C04.557.337.539.275'], ['E05.940.481', 'G07.690.936.625'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D27.505.519.389.755'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700'], ['D12.776.624.664.700'], ['D03.633.100.733']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
|
Identification of a conserved neutralizing epitope in the G-protein of Chandipura virus.
|
Chandipura virus (CHPV), associated with an encephalitic illness in humans, has caused multiple outbreaks with high mortality in central and western India in recent years. The present study compares surface glycoprotein (G-protein) from prototype and recent outbreak strains using in silico tools and in vitro experiments. In silico epitope predictions (B-cell and T-helper cell) for the sequences, 3D structure prediction and comparison of the G-proteins of the strains: I653514 (Year 1965), CIN0327 (Year 2003) and 148974 (Year 2014) revealed that the CHPV G-protein is stable and antigenic determinants are conserved. A monoclonal antibody developed against strain CIN0327 (named NAbC) was found to neutralize prototype I653514 as well as the currently circulating strain 148974. In silico antigen-antibody interaction studies using molecular docking of predicted structures of NAbC and G-proteins of various CHPV strains led to the identification of a conserved neutralizing epitope in the fusion domain of G-protein, which also contained a putative T-helper peptide. The identification of a conserved neutralizing epitope in domain IV (fusion domain amino acids 53 to 172) of CHPV G-protein is an important finding that may have the scope towards the development of protective targets against CHPV infection.
|
['Animals', 'Antibodies, Monoclonal', 'Antibodies, Neutralizing', 'Conserved Sequence', 'Epitope Mapping', 'Epitopes', 'Glycoproteins', 'India', 'Molecular Docking Simulation', 'Rhabdoviridae Infections', 'Vesiculovirus', 'Viral Proteins']
| 30,116,984
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.244', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.244', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.244'], ['G02.111.570.580'], ['E05.478.274', 'E05.601.690.300'], ['D23.050.550'], ['D09.400.430', 'D12.776.395'], ['Z01.252.245.393'], ['E05.599.595.249', 'L01.224.160.249'], ['C01.925.782.580.830'], ['B04.820.480.937.750.900'], ['D12.776.964']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
|
Effects of inducers and inhibitors on the microsomal metabolism of styrene to styrene oxide in mice.
|
Styrene is both hepatotoxic and pneumotoxic in mice, with non-Swiss albino (NSA) mice being more sensitive than Swiss (CD-1) mice. The toxicity of styrene is potentiated by treatment with phenobarbital, beta-naphthoflavone, or pyridine. Since the toxicity of styrene is generally associated with its metabolism to styrene oxide (SO), the formation of SO by hepatic and pulmonary microsomes of NSA and CD-1 mice was measured to examine correlations with toxicity. Both enantiomers of SO were quantified since the R-SO enantiomer is more toxic than the S-SO enantiomer. No strain differences in rates of styrene metabolism or enantiomeric ratio were observed in control mice or mice treated with inducers. Pyridine, an inducer of CYP2E1, increased S-SO but not R-SO formation in liver. Phenobarbital, an inducer of CYP2B, increased the production of both enantiomers. beta-Naphthoflavone, an inducer of CYP1A, had no effect. None of the inducers had any effect in lung. Addition of the CYP2E1 inhibitor diethyldithiocarbamate decreased the formation of both enantiomers in both tissues from control mice, whereas 5-phenyl-1-pentyne (an inhibitor of CYP2F2) inhibited metabolism primarily in lung. In both control and phenobarbital-treated mice, SKF525A inhibited both R-SO and S-SO in liver but only S-SO in lung. Thus there are tissue differences in metabolism and susceptibility to induction and inhibition but no strain differences in metabolism to explain differences in susceptibility to styrene-induced toxicity.
|
['Animals', 'Carcinogens', 'Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors', 'Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System', 'Ditiocarb', 'Enzyme Induction', 'Enzyme Inhibitors', 'Epoxy Compounds', 'Injections, Intraperitoneal', 'Lung', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Microsomes', 'Microsomes, Liver', 'Phenobarbital', 'Pyridines', 'Species Specificity', 'Styrene', 'Styrenes', 'beta-Naphthoflavone']
| 9,233,381
|
[['B01.050'], ['D27.888.569.100'], ['D27.505.389.500', 'D27.505.519.389.335'], ['D08.244.453', 'D08.811.682.690.708.170', 'D12.776.422.220.453'], ['D02.241.081.251.869.220', 'D02.886.706.200'], ['G05.308.320.200'], ['D27.505.519.389'], ['D02.355.291.411'], ['E02.319.267.530.490'], ['A04.411'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['A11.284.835.540'], ['A11.284.835.540.541'], ['D03.383.742.698.253.650'], ['D03.383.725'], ['G16.824'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.150.750.800'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.150.750'], ['D03.383.663.283.266.450.175.100', 'D03.633.100.150.266.450.175.100']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Cardiovascular effects of positive-pressure ventilation in normal subjects.
|
In normal subjects during 15-min positive-pressure ventilation with 10 cmH2O end-expiratory pressure (PEEP), cardiac output fell 19% due to a fall in stroke volume. Transmural mean right atrial pressure rose 3.1 cmH2O and right ventricular end-diastolic diameter increased 15%. Simultaneously, left ventricular end-diastolic diameter decreased 21%, ejection time increased 11%, and velocity of circumferential fiber shortening fell 30%. Thus, right ventricular filling increased and left ventricular filling decreased. The function of the right ventricle was impaired and the function of the left ventricle may have been impaired. Cardiac output gradually increased due to a 7% increase in heart rate as PEEP was continued for 1 h and transmural mean right atrial pressure also increased further by 2.4 cmH2O. Compensation for the reduced stroke volume occurred as filling pressures and heart rate rose, but ventricular function remained impaired for the entire duration of PEEP. On resuming spontaneous breathing, cardiac output and ventricular function returned to base-line levels. We conclude that the reduced cardiac output during PEEP is not due to a direct mechanical reduction in right ventricular filling.
|
['Adult', 'Blood Pressure', 'Cardiac Output', 'Female', 'Heart', 'Heart Rate', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Positive-Pressure Respiration', 'Stroke Volume', 'Ventricular Function']
| 381,266
|
[]
|
[]
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Serum endotoxin level in the course of open peritonitis treatment].
|
In 27 patients with severe diffuse purulent or fecal peritonitis planned relaparotomies with peritoneal lavage or continuous dorsoventral lavage with open abdomen were performed after surgical treatment of the primary infection. During the course of the lavage treatment serum endotoxin was measured daily. The endotoxin-induced liberation of lysosomal proteases was studied by determining the elastase from polymorphonuclear leucocytes. 16 surviving patients showed decreasing endotoxin levels and decreasing elastase concentrations during the course of abdominal lavages. Planned peritoneal lavage and continuous dorso-ventral lavage seem to have the same potency in eliminating endotoxin from the infected peritoneal cavity. In letal courses endotoxinemia either persisted at high levels or even progressed inspite of lavage treatment.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Antithrombin III', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation', 'Endotoxins', 'Escherichia coli Infections', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Limulus Test', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neutrophils', 'Pancreatic Elastase', 'Peritonitis', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Surgical Wound Dehiscence', 'Surgical Wound Infection', 'Therapeutic Irrigation']
| 3,910,374
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D12.644.861.060.500', 'D12.776.124.790.106.125', 'D12.776.377.715.085.125', 'D12.776.872.060.500', 'D23.113.025'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['C15.378.100.220', 'C15.378.463.250', 'C15.378.925.220'], ['D23.946.123.329'], ['C01.150.252.400.310.330'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['E01.370.225.124.470', 'E01.370.225.875.150.570', 'E05.091.570', 'E05.200.124.470', 'E05.200.875.150.570'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['A11.118.637.415.583', 'A11.627.340.583', 'A11.733.689', 'A15.145.229.637.415.583', 'A15.382.490.315.583', 'A15.382.680.689'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.760.560', 'D08.811.277.656.959.350.560'], ['C01.463.600', 'C06.844.640'], ['C23.550.767'], ['C23.550.767.887'], ['C01.947.692', 'C23.550.767.925'], ['E02.779.492.500', 'E02.831.535.492.500', 'E05.927']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Human T lymphotrophic virus-I (HTLV-I) infection in patients with unclassifiable dermatitis in central Kerala, south India: a preliminary study.
|
OBJECTIVE: We have conducted a preliminary serostudy to confirm the presence of this virus in cases of dermatitis of unknown aetiology and among individuals with sexually transmitted infections (STI) in central Kerala.METHODS: 45 consecutive patients who attended the dermatology clinic of Medical College Kottayam with extensive dermatitis that could not be clinically classified into any known clinical entity and 37 consecutive patients who presented to the sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinic were enrolled for the study. Serum/plasma samples were screened for anti-HTLV-I antibody. Reactive and indeterminate samples were confirmed by an immunoblot.RESULTS: Among 37 STD clinic attendants, none had antibody to HTLV-I while two individuals (4.44%) among the 45 with dermatitis had antibody to HTLV-I.CONCLUSIONS: Our study proves the presence of HTLV-I in a subset of individuals with poorly defined dermatitis in Kerala. Further larger studies are necessary to assess the extent of this problem and its relation to STI in Kerala.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Child', 'Dermatitis', 'Female', 'HTLV-I Infections', 'Human T-lymphotropic virus 1', 'Humans', 'India', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Skin Diseases, Viral']
| 12,473,822
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.406'], ['C17.800.174'], ['C01.925.782.815.200.470', 'C20.673.483.470'], ['B04.613.807.200.725.400', 'B04.820.650.200.725.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.252.245.393'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C01.925.825', 'C17.800.838.790']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
|
Corneal anesthesia in a case with Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome.
|
PURPOSE: To add clinical features to the description of the Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome.METHOD: Case report.RESULTS: The case presented with a typical medical history of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome, including headaches, low-grade fever, nuchal rigidity, and from the eyes bilateral visual loss, a reaction from the anterior chambers, bilateral uveities with localized exudative retinal detachment from the left. In addition there were tonic pupils, anesthesia of the corneas, and an accommodative deficit.CONCLUSION: Corneal anesthesia, tonic pupils and accommodative impairment can be features of the Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome.
|
['Accommodation, Ocular', 'Adult', 'Cornea', 'Corneal Diseases', 'Epithelium', 'Female', 'Fluorescein Angiography', 'Humans', 'Hypesthesia', 'Pigment Epithelium of Eye', 'Pupil', 'Uveomeningoencephalitic Syndrome']
| 9,374,262
|
[['G14.010'], ['M01.060.116'], ['A09.371.060.217'], ['C11.204'], ['A10.272'], ['E01.370.370.050.350', 'E01.370.380.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C10.597.751.791.500', 'C23.888.592.763.770.500'], ['A09.371.670', 'A10.272.640'], ['A09.371.060.450.780', 'A09.371.894.513.780'], ['C10.114.843', 'C11.941.879.980', 'C20.111.258.925']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Docetaxel induces Bcl-2- and pro-apoptotic caspase-independent death of human prostate cancer DU145 cells.
|
Docetaxel is a useful chemotherapeutic agent for the first-line treatment of hormone-refractory prostate cancer. Abnormal expression of Bcl-2 is commonly found in cancer cells, which increases their anti-apoptotic potency and chemoresistance. We investigated the effects of Bcl-2 expression status on the susceptibility of DU145 cells, an androgen-independent human prostate cancer cell line, to docetaxel and other anticancer agents. A panel of Bcl-2-expressing DU145 cell lines was established. Bcl-2 expression levels were unrelated to the susceptibility of DU145 cells to docetaxel. The sensitivity of DU145 cells to cisplatin fluctuated, and the sensitivity to tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-á was decreased by Bcl-2 overexpression. In a xenograft mouse model, overexpression of Bcl-2 drastically decreased the sensitivity of DU145 cells to cisplatin and TNF-á; however, there was no change in the response to docetaxel. Fluorescent microscopy revealed that Bcl-2-overexpression had no effect on the docetaxel-induced death of DU145 cells, but significantly decreased DU145 cell death induced by cisplatin or TNF-á. Interestingly, docetaxel hardly induced caspase-3/7 activation in control or Bcl-2-overexpressing DU145 cells, but did at a low level in LNCaP cells, another prostate cancer cell line. Moreover, in contrast to LNCaP cells, the reduced viabilities of docetaxel-treated control and Bcl-2-overexpressing DU145 cells were not restored by the addition of either a Bid inhibitor or a panel of pro-apoptotic caspase inhibitors. These findings indicate that the antitumor effects of docetaxel on DU145 cells are independent of both Bcl-2 and pro-apoptotic caspases.
|
['Animals', 'Antineoplastic Agents', 'Apoptosis', 'Caspases', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Docetaxel', 'Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C3H', 'Mice, Nude', 'Prostatic Neoplasms', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2', 'Taxoids', 'Transfection', 'Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays']
| 27,082,738
|
[['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.248'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['D08.811.277.656.262.500.126', 'D08.811.277.656.300.200.126', 'D12.644.360.075.405', 'D12.776.476.075.405'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['D02.455.426.392.368.242.888.389', 'D02.455.849.291.850.389'], ['E01.370.225.500.388', 'E05.200.500.388', 'E05.242.417', 'E05.337.550.200'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.388', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.388'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.500'], ['C04.588.945.440.770', 'C12.294.260.750', 'C12.294.565.625', 'C12.758.409.750'], ['D12.644.360.075.718', 'D12.776.476.075.718', 'D12.776.624.664.700.169'], ['D02.455.426.392.368.242.888', 'D02.455.849.291.850'], ['E05.393.350.810', 'G05.728.860'], ['E05.337.550.200.900', 'E05.624.850']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Imperceptible Epidermal-Iontronic Interface for Wearable Sensing.
|
Recent development of epidermal electronics provides an enabling means to continuous monitoring of physiological signals and close tracking of physical activities without affecting quality of life. Such devices require high sensitivity for low-magnitude signal detection, noise reduction for motion artifacts, imperceptible wearability with long-term comfortableness, and low-cost production for scalable manufacturing. However, the existing epidermal pressure sensing devices, usually involving complex multilayer structures, have not fully addressed the aforementioned challenges. Here, the first epidermal-iontronic interface (EII) is successfully introduced incorporating both single-sided iontronic devices and the skin itself as the pressure sensing architectures, allowing an ultrathin, flexible, and imperceptible packaging with conformal epidermal contact. Notably, utilizing skin as part of the EII sensor, high pressure sensitivity and high signal-to-noise ratios are achieved, along with ultralow motion artifacts for both internal (body) and external (environmental) mechanical stimuli. Monitoring of various vital signals, such as blood pressure waveforms, respiration waveforms, muscle activities and artificial tactile sensation, is successfully demonstrated, implicating a broad applicability of the EII devices for emerging wearable applications.
|
['Epidermis', 'Pressure', 'Quality of Life', 'Skin', 'Wearable Electronic Devices']
| 29,271,516
|
[['A10.272.497', 'A17.815.250'], ['G01.374.715'], ['I01.800', 'K01.752.400.750', 'N06.850.505.400.425.837'], ['A17.815'], ['E07.305.906']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Torque-speed relationship of the bacterial flagellar motor.
|
Many swimming bacteria are propelled by flagellar filaments driven by a rotary motor. Each of these tiny motors can generate an impressive torque. The motor torque vs. speed relationship is considered one of the most important measurable characteristics of the motor and therefore is a major criterion for judging models proposed for the working mechanism. Here we give an explicit explanation for this torque-speed curve. The same physics also can explain certain puzzling properties of other motors.
|
['Bacterial Physiological Phenomena', 'Biomechanical Phenomena', 'Biophysics', 'Cytoplasm', 'Flagella', 'Ion Channels', 'Ions', 'Membrane Potentials', 'Models, Biological', 'Models, Statistical', 'Models, Theoretical', 'Molecular Motor Proteins', 'Movement', 'Polystyrenes', 'Protein Conformation', 'Proton-Motive Force', 'Rotation', 'Sodium', 'Thermodynamics', 'Torque']
| 16,432,218
|
[['G06.099'], ['G01.154.090', 'G01.374.089'], ['H01.158.344', 'H01.671.100'], ['A11.284.430.214'], ['A11.284.180.290'], ['D12.776.157.530.400', 'D12.776.543.550.450', 'D12.776.543.585.400'], ['D01.248.497'], ['G01.154.535', 'G04.580', 'G07.265.675', 'G11.561.570'], ['E05.599.395'], ['E05.318.740.500', 'E05.599.835', 'N05.715.360.750.530', 'N06.850.520.830.500'], ['E05.599'], ['D05.500.500', 'D08.811.277.040.025.193'], ['G07.568', 'G11.427.410'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.150.750.800.830', 'D05.750.716.579', 'D25.720.716.579', 'J01.637.051.720.716.579'], ['G02.111.570.820.709'], ['G02.765', 'G03.295.770'], ['G01.482.703'], ['D01.268.549.750', 'D01.268.557.650', 'D01.552.528.850', 'D01.552.547.725'], ['G01.906'], ['G01.374.860.500']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Maternal Folic Acid Supplementation During Pregnancy Improves Neurobehavioral Development in Rat Offspring.
|
Maternal folate status during pregnancy may influence central nervous system (CNS) development in offspring. However, the recommended intakes of folic acid for women of childbearing age differ among countries and there is still no consensus about whether folic acid should be supplemented continuously throughout pregnancy. We hypothesized that folic acid supplementation may be more beneficial for offspring's neurobehavioral development if prolonged throughout pregnancy instead of being limited to the periconceptional period. In this study, three groups of the female rats were fed folate-normal, folate-deficient, or folate-supplemented diets throughout pregnancy. In another group, the female rats were fed folate-supplemented diet from mating for 10 consecutive days and then fed folate-normal diet for remainder days of pregnancy. The results showed that maternal folate deficiency increased plasma homocysteine (Hcy) concentration in dams, delayed early sensory-motor reflex development, impaired spatial learning and memory ability, and caused ultrastructural damages in the hippocampus of offspring. Maternal folic acid supplementation would be more effective on improving early sensory-motor reflex development and spatial learning and memory ability in offspring if prolonged throughout pregnancy instead of being limited to the periconceptional period. In conclusion, prolonged maternal folic acid supplementation throughout pregnancy would be more effective in neurobehavioral development of offspring in rats.
|
['Age Factors', 'Animals', 'Animals, Newborn', 'Dietary Supplements', 'Female', 'Folic Acid', 'Hippocampus', 'Learning', 'Male', 'Maternal Health', 'Pregnancy', 'Psychomotor Performance', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Reflex, Righting']
| 28,421,540
|
[['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['B01.050'], ['B01.050.050.282'], ['G07.203.300.456', 'J02.500.456'], ['D03.633.100.733.631.400'], ['A08.186.211.180.405', 'A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.345'], ['F02.463.425', 'F02.784.629.529'], ['N01.400.900.500'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['F02.808', 'G11.427.700', 'G11.561.660'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['E01.370.376.550.650.695', 'E01.370.600.550.650.695', 'G07.888.875', 'G11.561.731.745']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Studies on a Hib-tetanus toxoid conjugate vaccine: effects of co-administered tetanus toxoid vaccine, of administration route and of combined administration with an inactivated polio vaccine.
|
A freeze-dried tetanus toxoid (T) conjugated Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) vaccine, was reconstituted in either diphtheria toxoid (D), DT or a combined DT and inactivated polio vaccine (IPV), and administered in an open randomized trial either intramuscularly (i.m. ) or subcutaneously (s.c.) to 287 Swedish infants at three, five and 12 months of age. When not included in the mixture, IPV was administered s.c. at a separate site. The geometric mean concentrations of Hib antibodies after primary and booster vaccinations were 1.0 and 11.6 microg/ml, respectively, with no differences related to co-administration of the carrier protein T. Antibodies against T were induced by the T conjugated Hib vaccine (Hib-T) alone in 69/95 infants aged six months, and in 87/93 children aged 13 months, although infants receiving both Hib-T and T had significantly higher concentrations. Antibody responses to Hib, D, T or polio were not negatively influenced by administration route or by mixing with IPV, except that the mixed vaccine DT-IPV induced lower anti-polio GM titers after primary vaccination than did separate IPV. More local reactions were induced by the s.c. than by the i.m. route (P-values from 0.001 to 0.01). Slight increases in rates of local reactions and febrile events (>/=38 degrees C) occurred by order of dose. The low Hib antibody concentrations after the first two doses in this and other Swedish studies are unlikely to be of clinical relevance. The tetanus antibody response from T as a carrier protein alone was not sufficient for basic tetanus immunization, but should be considered in future use of additional T conjugated vaccines.
|
['Antibodies, Bacterial', 'Antibodies, Viral', 'Clostridium tetani', 'Haemophilus Vaccines', 'Haemophilus influenzae', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Poliovirus', 'Poliovirus Vaccine, Inactivated', 'Tetanus Toxoid', 'Vaccines, Combined', 'Vaccines, Conjugate']
| 10,519,936
|
[['D12.776.124.486.485.114.107', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.125', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.125'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.254', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.254', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.254'], ['B03.300.390.400.200.725', 'B03.353.625.375.500.725', 'B03.510.415.400.200.725'], ['D20.215.894.135.450'], ['B03.440.450.600.450.330', 'B03.660.250.550.290.330'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['B04.820.578.750.284.184.500'], ['D20.215.894.830.614', 'D20.215.894.899.623.500'], ['D20.215.894.691.824'], ['D20.215.894.815'], ['D20.215.894.865.900', 'D23.050.865.900']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
The interaction of fibronectin fragments with cultured cells and isolated nuclei.
|
125I-fibronectin was partially digested by trypsin and the interaction of the labelled fragments produced with cultured cells and isolated nuclei was studied. Fragments not only became associated with the surface of cultured cells but a significant amount of radioactivity remained associated with the cell pellet following trypsin treatment, indicating that certain fragments may have been internalized. In addition to binding at the cell surface, fibronectin fragments also showed the ability to bind to isolated nuclei in a dose-dependent nonsaturable manner. Considerably reduced binding was observed at 4 degrees C compared to that at 25 degrees C. Cells allowed to grow and proliferate in the presence of 125I-fibronectin also incorporated the label onto their cell surface. A significant proportion of radioactivity again remained associated with the cell pellet after trypsin treatment and on subsequent fractionation approximately one-half of this radioactivity was found to co-purify with the isolated nuclear pellet in the form of low molecular weight peptides Mr 20,000 to 50,000.
|
['Animals', 'Azides', 'Cell Nucleus', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Cricetinae', 'Cricetulus', 'Fibronectins', 'Iodine Radioisotopes', 'Molecular Weight', 'Peptide Fragments', 'Sodium Azide', 'Trypsin']
| 3,707,068
|
[['B01.050'], ['D01.625.100', 'D02.159'], ['A11.284.430.106', 'A11.284.430.214.190.875.117'], ['A11.251'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.075.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.075.250.250'], ['D12.776.377.715.390', 'D12.776.395.550.350', 'D12.776.543.550.350', 'D12.776.860.300.450'], ['D01.268.380.400.500.496', 'D01.496.448.496', 'D01.496.749.474'], ['G02.494'], ['D12.644.541'], ['D01.625.100.750', 'D01.857.462'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.760.895', 'D08.811.277.656.959.350.895']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
An image processing scheme to quantitatively extract and validate hyoid bone motion based on real-time ultrasound recordings of swallowing.
|
An image processing technique with associated hardware was developed to quantitatively extract hyoid bone motion from realtime submandibular ultrasound images recorded during the swallowing act. Videofluorographic imaging, the "gold standard" of swallowing studies, was recorded simultaneously and synchronized to the ultrasound. Hyoid position obtained from the ultrasound was validated based on the videofluorography using personal computer-based image processing methods.
|
['Calibration', 'Deglutition', 'Fluoroscopy', 'Humans', 'Hyoid Bone', 'Image Processing, Computer-Assisted', 'Movement', 'Pilot Projects', 'Ultrasonography', 'Videotape Recording']
| 8,258,453
|
[['E05.978.155'], ['G10.261.178'], ['E01.370.350.700.225'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A02.835.232.409'], ['L01.224.308'], ['G07.568', 'G11.427.410'], ['E05.318.372.750', 'E05.337.737', 'N05.715.360.330.720', 'N06.850.520.450.720'], ['E01.370.350.850'], ['J01.897.280.500.846.734', 'J01.897.280.500.898.840', 'L01.178.590.875.840', 'L01.178.820.090.846.734', 'L01.178.820.090.898.840', 'L01.280.940.840', 'L01.280.960.880']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Fetal abdominal circumference as a predictor of menstrual age.
|
The relation between fetal abdominal circumference and menstrual cycle age was determined by cross-sectional analysis of 400 fetuses (15-41 weeks) examined with a linear-array real-time ultrasound scanner using specifically defined methodology. Mathematical modeling of the data demonstrated that the liner quadratic function was an optimal model (r2 = 97.9%). Predicted abdominal circumference values at specific points in gestation based on this model were comparable to the data reported by other investigators using static-image equipment. Predicted menstrual age values associated with a given abdominal circumference measurement were calculated and are presented in tabular form. The variability (+/- 2 SD) in predicting menstrual age from abdominal circumference measurements is broader than that observed with the fetal biparietal diameter; nonetheless, this measurement can be useful as an adjunct in predicting menstrual age in cases in which the biparietal diameter is technically inadequate or impossible to obtain due to unusual positioning.
|
['Abdomen', 'Female', 'Fetus', 'Gestational Age', 'Humans', 'Models, Biological', 'Pregnancy', 'Ultrasonography']
| 6,979,895
|
[['A01.923.047'], ['A16.378'], ['G07.345.500.325.235.968', 'G08.686.320'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.599.395'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['E01.370.350.850']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Effect of pharmacological blockade on cardiovascular responses to voluntary and forced diving in muskrats.
|
Neural control of free and forced diving bradycardia and peripheral resistance was studied in the muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus) by means of acute pharmacological blockade with the muscarinic blocker atropine, the alpha-adrenergic blocker phentolamine and the beta-adrenergic blockers nadolol and propranolol. Saline injection was used as a control. Heart rate in control animals increased before voluntary dives and dropped markedly as soon as the animals submerged. Heart rate started increasing towards the end of voluntary dives and reached pre-dive values within the first 5 s of recovery. Pre-dive and post-dive tachycardia were reduced in beta-blocked animals, emphasizing the role of the sympathetic system during the preparatory and recovery periods of voluntary dives. Diving bradycardia and the acceleration in heart rate before surfacing were abolished by atropine and unaffected by nadolol, demonstrating the importance of vagal efferent activity during diving. The results after blockade with nadolol suggest that there is an accentuated antagonism between the two branches of the autonomic nervous system during diving, so that parasympathetic influences on the heart predominate. Propranolol-treated muskrats had a higher diving heart rate than saline- and nadolol-treated animals, which may be due to a sedative effect caused by propranolol crossing the blood-brain barrier, a blockade of central catecholaminergic pathways or a peripheral neural effect, due to the anaesthetic properties of propranolol. Phentolamine did not affect diving bradycardia, indicating that diving bradycardia occurs independently of peripheral vasoconstriction.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
|
['Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists', 'Adrenergic beta-Antagonists', 'Animals', 'Arvicolinae', 'Atropine', 'Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena', 'Cardiovascular System', 'Diving', 'Female', 'Heart Rate', 'Male', 'Muscarinic Antagonists', 'Nadolol', 'Phentolamine', 'Propranolol']
| 7,490,569
|
[['D27.505.519.625.050.200.100', 'D27.505.696.577.050.200.100'], ['D27.505.519.625.050.200.200', 'D27.505.696.577.050.200.200'], ['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.075'], ['D02.145.074.722.229.199', 'D03.132.760.180.572.199', 'D03.132.889.180.648.199', 'D03.605.084.500.722.229.199', 'D03.605.869.229.199'], ['G09.330'], ['A07'], ['I03.450.642.845.945.500.110', 'N06.230.150.150'], ['E01.370.600.875.500', 'G09.330.380.500'], ['D27.505.519.625.120.200.500', 'D27.505.696.577.120.200.500'], ['D02.033.100.624.698.601', 'D02.033.755.624.698.601', 'D02.092.063.624.698.601'], ['D03.383.129.308.754'], ['D02.033.100.624.698.711', 'D02.033.755.624.698.711', 'D02.092.063.624.698.711', 'D02.455.426.559.847.638.945', 'D04.615.638.945']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Videothoracoscopic primary repair of early distal oesophageal perforation.
|
Distal oesophageal perforation following dilation of oesophageal strictures or achalasia is usually recognized soon after the event. Treatment of two patients with perforation resulting from vigorous achalasia, diagnosed within hours of the procedure, was approached by videothoracoscopic exposure and successful primary repair was achieved in both instances. Details relating to patient preparation and operative technique are presented. Both patients recovered, with normal diet being tolerated by the seventh day after surgery, were discharged on day eight and 10 and returned to normal activities within 3 weeks of surgery. The technique presented is apparently well suited to distal oesophageal perforations diagnosed early, when primary closure can be achieved safely, and significantly improves patient recovery after this often iatrogenic injury.
|
['Adult', 'Esophageal Achalasia', 'Esophageal Perforation', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Thoracoscopy']
| 8,481,141
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['C06.405.117.119.500.432'], ['C06.405.117.468', 'C26.348'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.370.388.250.840', 'E04.502.250.840', 'E04.928.752']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Effect of left atrial filling pressure on the activity of specific myosin isozymes in rat heart.
|
One of the fundamental properties of cardiac muscle is the increase in force generated and work performed with a rise in the resting length of the tissue. There are data to indicate that length-dependent responses of electromechanical coupling and calcium binding by troponin are part of the basis for the pressure-volume relation in the heart. In this study, the contribution of changes in the functional properties of the contractile proteins independent of modification in electromechanical coupling has been examined. Isolated working hearts containing either a mixture of myosin heavy chain (MHC) isozymes (alpha[fast] and beta [slow]) or exclusively the fast MHC have been subjected to left atrial filling pressures (LAPs) between 5 and 20 cm H2O. After 40 minutes at a given LAP, the heart was quickly frozen. The relative activities of calcium- and actin-activated ATPase of V1 and V3 myosin, containing alpha- and beta-MHC, were measured in cryostatic sections of the heart by quantitative histochemistry under conditions for which the concentration of calcium would not be limiting. In hearts containing both isozymes of myosin, the relative enzymatic activity of each isozyme of myosin varied with LAP. At low LAP, V1 was primarily responsible for the enzymatic activity, but as LAP increased the relative contribution of V1 decreased and that of V3 increased. The change in the calcium- and actin-activated activities of the enzyme with change in LAP occurred within 5 minutes and was reversible. In spite of the apparent substitution of enzymatic activity of V3 for V1, total myosin ATPase activity did not decline, but instead remained constant.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
|
['Animals', 'Coronary Circulation', 'Cyclic AMP', 'Heart', 'Heart Atria', 'Hemodynamics', 'Isoenzymes', 'Male', 'Myocardium', 'Myosins', 'Pressure', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Strains']
| 1,645,232
|
[['B01.050'], ['G09.330.100.324'], ['D03.633.100.759.646.138.395', 'D13.695.462.200', 'D13.695.667.138.395', 'D13.695.827.068.395'], ['A07.541'], ['A07.541.358'], ['G09.330.380'], ['D08.811.348', 'D12.776.800.300'], ['A02.633.580', 'A07.541.704', 'A10.690.552.750'], ['D05.750.078.730.475', 'D08.811.277.040.025.193.750', 'D12.776.210.500.600', 'D12.776.220.525.475'], ['G01.374.715'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Acute bilateral infarcts of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery.
|
Acute bilateral infarcts in the territory of the posterior inferior cerebellum artery are rare and poorly documented in the literature. Thus, this report describes the clinical course and outcome in 3 patients. Although one was associated with coronary artery bypass surgery, the etiology was not known. Despite large territorial infarcts, the patients recovered to ambulation with minimal assistance.
|
['Acute Disease', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Arteries', 'Cerebellum', 'Cerebral Angiography', 'Cerebral Infarction', 'Coronary Artery Bypass', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Hydrocephalus', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Ventriculostomy']
| 9,344,011
|
[['C23.550.291.125'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['A07.015.114'], ['A08.186.211.132.810.428.200'], ['E01.370.350.578.937.180', 'E01.370.350.700.060.180', 'E01.370.350.700.560.180', 'E01.370.370.050.180', 'E01.370.376.537.750.180', 'E05.629.937.180'], ['C10.228.140.300.150.477.200', 'C10.228.140.300.775.200.200', 'C14.907.253.092.477.200', 'C14.907.253.855.200.200', 'C23.550.513.355.250.200', 'C23.550.717.489.250.200'], ['E04.100.376.719.332', 'E04.100.814.868.750', 'E04.928.220.520.220'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C10.228.140.602'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['E04.035.188.957', 'E04.525.170.860']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Temporal and spatial expression of an adult cuticle protein gene from Drosophila suggests that its protein product may impart some specialized cuticle function.
|
An adult cuticle protein gene (Dacp-1) from Drosophila melanogaster has been isolated and characterized. This gene was classified as an adult cuticle protein gene because it maintains the conserved structure of other cuticle protein genes, the sequence of its conceptual translation product contains a repeated motif that is found almost exclusively in a subset of adult cuticle proteins from Locust migratoria, and the gene is expressed in the epidermis underlying the head and thoracic cuticle. The bulk of Dacp-1 expression starts approximately 72 hr after pupariation, peaks approximately 12 hr after eclosion, and decreases thereafter to undetectable levels by 3 days after eclosion. The stage specificity and spatial restriction of Dacp-1 expression as well as the physical properties of its conceptual translation product suggest that it may be involved in some specialized function such as thickening of the adult cuticle.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Animals', 'Base Sequence', 'DNA, Complementary', 'Drosophila Proteins', 'Drosophila melanogaster', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental', 'Genes, Insect', 'Grasshoppers', 'Insect Proteins', 'Membrane Proteins', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Proteins', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Sequence Homology, Amino Acid', 'Tissue Distribution']
| 7,875,368
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['B01.050'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['D13.444.308.497.220', 'D13.444.600.223.500', 'D27.720.470.530.600.223.260'], ['D12.776.093.500.462'], ['B01.050.500.131.617.720.500.500.750.310.250.500'], ['G05.308.310'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.340', 'G05.360.340.357.500'], ['B01.050.500.131.617.678.369'], ['D12.776.093.500'], ['D12.776.543'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['D12.776'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['G02.111.810.200', 'G05.810.200'], ['G03.787.917', 'G07.690.725.949']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Immunoadjuvant effects of bacterial genomic DNA and CpG oligodeoxynucleotides on avian influenza virus subtype H5N1 inactivated oil emulsion vaccine in chicken.
|
This study investigated the immunoadjuvant effects of three types of bacterial genomic DNA and CpG oligonucleotides (CpG ODN) on the avian influenza virus (AIV) subtype H5N1 inactivated oil emulsion vaccine under two immunization strategies. The genomic DNA extracted from Escherichia coli O(2), Staphylococcus aureus,Streptococcus faecalis FQ68, and synthetic CpG ODN were used as adjuvants, and their effects on the AIV oil emulsion vaccine were examined in chickens. The results indicated that when administered separately from the vaccine, adjuvants induced lower haemagglutination inhibition (HI) titres and serum IgG titres but resulted in higher concentrations of IFN-gamma and IL-10. In contrast, when combined with the oil emulsion vaccine prior to inoculation, CpG ODN induced higher HI, IgG titres and IFN-gamma concentration but resulted in lower IL-10 concentration. These data suggest that, depending on the immunization approaches, adjuvants may exert distinct immune effects in chickens receiving AIV H5N1 oil emulsion vaccine: the prior incorporation of CpG ODN into the vaccine may augment both the humoral and Th1 type immune responses, while separate inoculation of adjuvants has not shown better adjuvanticity.
|
['Adjuvants, Immunologic', 'Animals', 'Antibody Formation', 'Bacteria', 'Base Sequence', 'Chickens', 'DNA, Bacterial', 'Emulsions', 'Enterococcus faecalis', 'Escherichia coli', 'Genes, Bacterial', 'Genome, Bacterial', 'Immunoglobulin G', 'Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype', 'Influenza A virus', 'Influenza in Birds', 'Interferon-gamma', 'Interleukin-10', 'Oligodeoxyribonucleotides', 'Poultry Diseases', 'Staphylococcus aureus', 'Viral Vaccines']
| 18,977,008
|
[['D27.505.696.477.067'], ['B01.050'], ['G12.450.050.370.250'], ['B03'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['B01.050.150.900.248.350.150', 'B01.050.150.900.248.690.192'], ['D13.444.308.212'], ['D20.280.260', 'D26.255.165.260'], ['B03.353.750.250.250.280', 'B03.510.550.250.250.280'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.364.249', 'G05.360.340.358.024.249', 'G05.360.340.358.207.249'], ['G05.360.340.358.207'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.619.393', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.619.393', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.619.393'], ['B04.820.480.968.405.400.500'], ['B04.820.480.968.405.400'], ['C01.925.782.620.300', 'C22.131.450'], ['D12.644.276.374.440.893', 'D12.644.276.374.480.615.350', 'D12.776.467.374.440.893', 'D12.776.467.374.480.615.350', 'D23.529.374.440.893', 'D23.529.374.480.615.350'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.510', 'D12.776.467.374.465.510', 'D23.529.374.465.510'], ['D13.695.578.424.450'], ['C22.131.728'], ['B03.300.390.400.800.750.100', 'B03.353.500.750.750.100', 'B03.510.100.750.750.100', 'B03.510.400.790.750.100'], ['D20.215.894.899']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Changes in the apparent chloride permeability of Necturus enterocytes during the sodium-coupled transport of alanine.
|
The membrane potential and intracellular Cl- activity of Necturus enterocytes were measured with double-barrelled ion-selective microelectrodes and apparent permeability coefficients (PCl) for the apical membrane calculated from Cl(-)-replacement experiments. In the presence of L-alanine in the mucosal solution an increase in PCl took place. It is proposed that this might reflect the activation of a Cl- conductance during active substrate transport.
|
['Alanine', 'Animals', 'Biological Transport', 'Cell Membrane', 'Cell Membrane Permeability', 'Chlorides', 'Intestinal Mucosa', 'Intestines', 'Membrane Potentials', 'Necturus', 'Sodium']
| 3,828,345
|
[['D12.125.042'], ['B01.050'], ['G03.143'], ['A11.284.149'], ['G03.143.335', 'G04.175'], ['D01.210.450.150', 'D01.248.497.158.215'], ['A03.556.124.369', 'A10.615.550.444'], ['A03.556.124'], ['G01.154.535', 'G04.580', 'G07.265.675', 'G11.561.570'], ['B01.050.150.900.090.608.630.510'], ['D01.268.549.750', 'D01.268.557.650', 'D01.552.528.850', 'D01.552.547.725']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Effect of breast cyst fluid on oestrogen 17-oxidoreductase activity in MCF-7 breast cancer cells.
|
Breast cyst fluid (BCF) was found to stimulate oestrogen 17-oxidoreductase activity in the reductive direction, i.e., conversion of oestrone (E1) to oestradiol (E2), in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Dialysis of BCF revealed that this property of BCF was present in both dialysed BCF and dialysate, implying that both high and low mol. wt. substances were responsible for stimulating E1 to E2 conversion. Gel filtration of dialysed BCF revealed that the high mol. wt. substances responsible for the stimulation of E1 to E2 conversion had mol. wts. of approximately 11 kD and 68 kD. This property of BCF would serve to increase the concentration of E2, a steroid which may play a role in mammary carcinogenesis.
|
['Body Fluids', 'Breast Neoplasms', 'Cell Division', 'Chromatography, Gel', 'Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'Dialysis', 'Estradiol', 'Estradiol Dehydrogenases', 'Estrogens', 'Estrone', 'Female', 'Fibrocystic Breast Disease', 'Humans', 'Tumor Cells, Cultured']
| 2,265,417
|
[['A12.207'], ['C04.588.180', 'C17.800.090.500'], ['G04.144.220', 'G04.161.750.500', 'G05.113', 'G07.345.249.410.750.500'], ['E05.196.181.400.250'], ['E05.196.181.400.300'], ['E05.196.353', 'G02.186'], ['D04.210.500.365.415.248', 'D06.472.334.851.437.500'], ['D08.811.682.047.436.375.280'], ['D27.505.696.399.472.277'], ['D04.210.500.365.415.414', 'D04.210.500.578.502.497', 'D06.472.040.502.497', 'D06.472.334.851.437.996'], ['C17.800.090.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A11.251.860']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Stimulation of immune mechanisms against mammary tumors by incomplete T cell depletion.
|
When BALB/cfC3H females are subjected to continous suction thymectomy, a procedure that results in retention of thymic remnants, the latent period before tumor development is significantly prolonged. However, when BALB/cfC3H females are thymectomized by control suction, a procedure which removes thymic lobes completely, there is no effect on mammary tumorigenesis. Our results show that incomplete T cell depletion causes premature onset of non-T cell cytotoxicity, an augmentation of T cell cytotoxicity, and an alteration in a serum-blocking activity to mammary tumor target cells as tested in microcytotoxicity assay. On the other hand, complete neonatal thymectomy effectively and completely abrogates immune response to mammary tumor target cells. The inability of completely thymectomized mice to generate an immune response to MTV suggests (but does not prove) that MTV-induced mammary tumor target cell surface antigens are thymus-dependent.
|
['Aging', 'Animals', 'Animals, Newborn', 'Binding, Competitive', 'Cytotoxicity Tests, Immunologic', 'Female', 'Immune Sera', 'Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental', 'Mammary Tumor Virus, Mouse', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred BALB C', 'Spleen', 'T-Lymphocytes', 'Thymectomy']
| 186,535
|
[['G07.345.124'], ['B01.050'], ['B01.050.050.282'], ['E05.196.080', 'G02.111.084', 'G02.111.570.120.309'], ['E01.370.225.812.160', 'E05.200.812.160', 'E05.478.594.160', 'E05.940.245'], ['A12.207.152.846.500', 'D12.776.124.486.485.114.573', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.573', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.573', 'D20.215.401'], ['C04.588.531.500', 'C04.619.590', 'E05.598.500.496.843'], ['B04.613.807.124.500', 'B04.820.650.124.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.338', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.338'], ['A10.549.700', 'A15.382.520.604.700'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.569', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569'], ['E04.928.770']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
On the components of segregation distortion in Drosophila melanogaster.
|
The segregation distorter (SD) complex is a naturally occurring meiotic drive system with the property that males heterozygous for an SD-bearing chromosome 2 and an SD(+)-bearing homolog transmit the SD-bearing chromosome almost exclusively. This distorted segregation is the consequence of an induced dysfunction of those sperm that receive the SD(+) homolog. From previous studies, two loci have been implicated in this phenomenon: the Sd locus which is required to produce distortion, and the Responder (Rsp) locus that is the site at which Sd acts. There are two allelic alternatives of Rsp-sensitive (Rsp(sens)) and insensitive (Rsp(ins)); a chromosome carrying Rsp(ins) is not distorted by SD. In the present study, the function and location of each of these elements was examined by a genetic and cytological characterization of X-ray-induced mutations at each locus. The results indicate the following: (1) the Rsp locus is located in the proximal heterochromatin of 2R; (2) a deletion for the Rsp locus renders a chromosome insensitive to distortion; (3) the Sd locus is located to the left of pr (2-54.5), in the region from 37D2-D7 to 38A6-B2 of the salivary chromosome map; (4) an SD chromosome deleted for Sd loses its ability to distort; (5) there is another important component of the SD system, E(SD), in or near the proximal heterochromatin of 2L, that behaves as a strong enhancer of distortion. The results of these studies allow a reinterpretation of results from earlier analyses of the SD system and serve to limit the possible mechanisms to account for segregation distortion.
|
['Alleles', 'Animals', 'Chromosome Mapping', 'Crosses, Genetic', 'Drosophila melanogaster', 'Female', 'Genetic Complementation Test', 'Heterochromatin', 'Heterozygote', 'Male', 'Meiosis', 'Mutation', 'Spermatozoa']
| 407,128
|
[['G05.360.340.024.340.030'], ['B01.050'], ['E05.393.183'], ['E05.393.281'], ['B01.050.500.131.617.720.500.500.750.310.250.500'], ['E05.393.281.526'], ['A11.284.430.106.279.345.190.160.180.383', 'D12.776.664.224.466', 'G05.360.160.180.383'], ['G05.380.383'], ['G04.144.220.220.687', 'G05.113.220.687'], ['G05.365.590'], ['A05.360.490.890', 'A11.497.760']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Henoch-Schoenlein purpura due to streptokinase.
|
The syndrome of Henoch-Schoenlein purpura developed in a 74-year-old woman after receiving streptokinase as thrombolytic therapy for an acute myocardial infarction. Renal biopsy revealed mesangial hypercellularity with deposits of IgA. Skin biopsy also revealed IgA deposition. Immunological studies showed evidence of sensitization to streptokinase. Elevated IgG, IgA, IgM, and IgE antistreptokinase antibodies were detected in the acute serum. Positive immediate skin reactivity to streptokinase was also present. Serum precipitins to streptokinase disappeared when IgA was removed from the serum. Positive staining with biotinylated streptokinase was seen in the skin in the same pattern of distribution as IgA. These findings strongly support the role of streptokinase and IgA in the pathogenesis of Henoch-Schoenlein purpura in this patient. A control group of streptococcal-infected patients showed no immune response to streptokinase. Another control group of streptokinase-treated patients, who had no untoward reaction, had elevated immunoglobulin classes and precipitins to streptokinase. However, the precipitating antibody was IgG and streptokinase skin tests were negative.
|
['Aged', 'Female', 'Glomerular Mesangium', 'Humans', 'Immunoglobulin A', 'Myocardial Infarction', 'Purpura, Schoenlein-Henoch', 'Skin', 'Streptokinase']
| 8,288,725
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['A05.810.453.324.359.620.500', 'A05.810.453.736.520.620.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.619.026', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.619.026', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.619.026'], ['C14.280.647.500', 'C14.907.585.500', 'C23.550.513.355.750', 'C23.550.717.489.750'], ['C14.907.940.777', 'C15.378.100.802.375', 'C15.378.463.515.580', 'C20.543.520.600', 'C23.550.414.950.375', 'C23.888.885.687.375'], ['A17.815'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.775', 'D12.776.124.125.662.537']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Laryngeal reconstruction with a sternohyoid muscle flap after supracricoid laryngectomy: postoperative respiratory and swallowing evaluation.
|
OBJECTIVE: To compare postoperative respiratory and swallowing functions between patients who underwent classic supracricoid laryngectomy (SCL) and those who underwent SCL with laryngeal reconstruction using the sternohyoid muscle.STUDY DESIGN: Prospective study.SETTING: National cancer center.SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Forty-four patients who consecutively underwent SCL for laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma from December 2009 to March 2011 were included. Postoperative parameters including the mean tracheostomy decannulation time, tracheostomy decannulation rate at 6 months, mean nasogastric tube (NGT) removal time, degree of dysphagia at 3 months, and survival time after surgery were evaluated.RESULTS: Twenty-one patients underwent classic SCL (group A), and 23 underwent SCL with laryngeal reconstruction (group B). After a median follow-up period of 37 months (range, 3-44 months), group A had a significantly longer mean decannulation time (120.05 ± 109.38 days vs 33.43 ± 22.60 days, respectively; P < .01) and NGT removal time (37.30 ± 29.97 days vs 17.22 ± 10.95 days, respectively; P < .01) than group B. Swallowing function after 6 months was significantly better in group B than in group A (P = .004). The decannulation rate after 6 months was significantly higher in group B than in group A (95.7% vs 66.7%, respectively; P = .036). The 3-year disease-free survival rate was not significantly different between group A and group B (95.2% vs 95.7%, respectively; P = .961).CONCLUSION: Laryngeal reconstruction using a sternohyoid muscle flap seems to improve quality of life in the early postoperative period after SCL.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Carcinoma, Squamous Cell', 'Cricoid Cartilage', 'Deglutition', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Laryngeal Neoplasms', 'Laryngectomy', 'Laryngoplasty', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neck Muscles', 'Postoperative Period', 'Prospective Studies', 'Recovery of Function', 'Respiration', 'Surgical Flaps']
| 25,205,642
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C04.557.470.200.400', 'C04.557.470.700.400'], ['A02.165.257.625.211', 'A02.165.407.500.211', 'A04.329.591.211'], ['G10.261.178'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.588.443.665.481', 'C08.360.369', 'C08.785.481', 'C09.400.369', 'C09.647.481'], ['E04.580.369'], ['E04.580.371'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['A02.633.567.650'], ['E04.614.750', 'N02.421.585.753.750'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['G16.757'], ['G09.772.705'], ['A10.850.710', 'E07.862.710']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Cluster randomised feasibility trial to improve the Control of Hypertension In Rural India (CHIRI): a study protocol.
|
INTRODUCTION: Hypertension is emerging in rural populations of India. Barriers to diagnosis and treatment of hypertension may differ regionally according to economic development. Our main objectives are to estimate the prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension in 3 diverse regions of rural India; identify barriers to diagnosis and treatment in each setting and evaluate the feasibility of a community-based intervention to improve control of hypertension.METHODS AND ANALYSIS: This study includes 4 main activities: (1) assessment of risk factors, quality of life, socioeconomic position and barriers to changes in lifestyle behaviours in ?14 500 participants; (2) focus group discussions with individuals with hypertension and indepth interviews with healthcare providers, to identify barriers to control of hypertension; (3) use of a medicines-availability survey to determine the availability, affordability and accessibility of medicines and (4) trial of an intervention provided by Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHAs), comprising group-based education and support for individuals with hypertension to self-manage blood pressure. Wards/villages/hamlets of a larger Mandal are identified as the primary sampling unit (PSU). PSUs are then randomly selected for inclusion in the cross-sectional survey, with further randomisation to intervention or control. Changes in knowledge of hypertension and risk factors, and clinical and anthropometric measures, are assessed. Evaluation of the intervention by participants provides insight into perceptions of education and support of self-management delivered by the ASHAs.ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: Approval for the overall study was obtained from the Health Ministry's Screening Committee, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (India), institutional review boards at each site and Monash University. In addition to publication in peer-reviewed articles, results will be shared with federal, state and local government health officers, local healthcare providers and communities.TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: CTRI/2016/02/006678; Pre-results.
|
['Adult', 'Cluster Analysis', 'Community Health Services', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Feasibility Studies', 'Female', 'Focus Groups', 'Health Services Accessibility', 'Humans', 'Hypertension', 'India', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Patient Acceptance of Health Care', 'Quality of Life', 'Rural Health Services', 'Rural Population', 'Self Care', 'Socioeconomic Factors']
| 27,855,099
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E05.318.740.250', 'N05.715.360.750.200', 'N06.850.520.830.250'], ['N02.421.143'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['E05.318.372.550', 'E05.337.675', 'N05.715.360.330.550', 'N06.850.520.450.550'], ['E05.318.308.112', 'N05.715.360.300.269', 'N06.850.520.308.112'], ['N04.590.374.350', 'N05.300.430'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C14.907.489'], ['Z01.252.245.393'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['F01.100.150.750.500', 'F01.145.488.887.500', 'N05.300.150.800.500'], ['I01.800', 'K01.752.400.750', 'N06.850.505.400.425.837'], ['N02.421.816'], ['N01.600.725'], ['E02.900', 'I03.050.563', 'N02.421.784.680'], ['I01.880.853.996', 'N01.824']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Humanities [K]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Stereotactic fine-needle aspiration cytology of nonpalpable breast lesions: an analysis of 258 consecutive aspirates.
|
BACKGROUND: The role of stereotactic fine-needle aspiration cytology (SFNAC) in the diagnosis of nonpalpable breast lesions is poorly defined.PATIENTS AND METHODS: Data were prospectively collected from 225 consecutive patients with nonpalpable breast lesions who had aspiration cytology followed by immediate surgical excision.RESULTS: Between 1988 and 1993, 258 such procedures were performed. The results of 84 (33%) were interpreted as benign, 84 (33%) as atypical, 28 (11%) as suspicious for malignancy, and 49 (19%) as malignant. In all, 88 (34%) surgical specimens were malignant. SFNAC had an 80% sensitivity, a 96% specificity, a 91% positive predictive value, and an 89% negative predictive value. There were 18 false-negative and 7 false-positive aspirates.CONCLUSIONS: SFNAC for diagnosing nonpalpable breast lesions is moderately sensitive and highly specific, and has a high positive and negative predictive value. In conjunction with mammography and clinical assessment, the procedure is useful for determining which patients with nonpalpable breast lesions may require surgical biopsy.
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['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Biopsy, Needle', 'Breast Neoplasms', 'False Negative Reactions', 'False Positive Reactions', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Middle Aged', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Prospective Studies', 'Sensitivity and Specificity']
| 7,977,990
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['E01.370.225.500.384.100.119', 'E01.370.225.998.054.119', 'E01.370.388.100.100', 'E04.074.119', 'E04.665.100', 'E05.200.500.384.100.119', 'E05.200.998.054.119', 'E05.242.384.100.119'], ['C04.588.180', 'C17.800.090.500'], ['E01.354.340'], ['E01.354.506'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.370.800.650', 'N05.715.360.325.700.640', 'N06.850.520.445.800.650'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Incidence of low-level microwave irradiation on intestinal myoelectrical activity in the rat.
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We studied the effect of low-level microwave irradiation (5 and 7.5 mW/cm2 at 2.45 GHz) on intestinal myoelectrical activity on seven unanesthetized rats by way of chronically implanted electrodes. Exposure to microwaves occurred for 1-4 hr in a cavity. The specific absorption rates (SAR) measured were respectively: 5.35, 6.05 and 7.04 mW/g under 5, 7.5 and 10 mW/cm2 of incident radiation. The results obtained showed there is no noticeable electromagnetic interference between microwave and metallic-insulated implanted electrodes. Microwaves produce an accelerating effect on slow waves and a specific inhibitory effect on action potentials, which appears to be directly dependent on the measured SAR values.
|
['Animals', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation', 'Duodenum', 'Electromyography', 'Male', 'Microwaves', 'Muscle, Smooth', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Strains']
| 6,885,485
|
[['B01.050'], ['E05.799.513.500', 'G01.750.740.500', 'G04.712.500', 'G07.225', 'G07.738.500', 'N06.850.810.250.180'], ['A03.556.124.684.124', 'A03.556.875.249'], ['E01.370.405.255', 'E01.370.530.255'], ['G01.358.500.505.810.500', 'G01.750.250.810.500', 'G01.750.770.721.500'], ['A02.633.570', 'A10.690.467'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Thermodynamic studies of the mechanism of metal binding to the Escherichia coli zinc transporter YiiP.
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Sequence homology of the Escherichia coli YiiP places it within the family of cation diffusion facilitators, a family of membrane transporters that play a central role in regulating cellular zinc homeostasis. Here we describe the first thermodynamic and mechanistic studies of metal binding to a cation diffusion facilitator. Isothermal titration calorimetric analyses of the purified YiiP and binding competitions among Zn(2+), Cd(2+), and Hg(2+) revealed a mutually competitive binding site common to three metal ions and a set of noncompetitive binding sites, including one Cd(2+) site, one Hg(2+) site, and at least one Zn(2+) site, to which the binding of Zn(2+) exhibited partial inhibitions of both Cd(2+) and Hg(2+) bindings. Lowering the pH from 7.0 to 5.5 inhibited binding of Zn(2+) and Cd(2+) to the common site. Further, the enthalpy change of the Cd(2+) binding to the common site was found to be related linearly to the ionization enthalpy of the pH buffer with a slope corresponding to the release of 1.23 H(+) for each Cd(2+) binding. These H(+) effects are consistent with a coupled deprotonation process upon binding of Zn(2+) and Cd(2+). Modification of histidine residues by diethyl pyrocarbonate specifically inhibited Zn(2+) binding to the common binding site, indicating that the mechanism of binding-deprotonation coupling involves a histidine residue(s).
|
['Binding Sites', 'Binding, Competitive', 'Cadmium', 'Calorimetry', 'Carrier Proteins', 'Cations', 'Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel', 'Escherichia coli', 'Escherichia coli Proteins', 'Histidine', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Ions', 'Kinetics', 'Membrane Transport Proteins', 'Mercury', 'Models, Chemical', 'Plasmids', 'Protein Binding', 'Protons', 'Temperature', 'Thermodynamics', 'Time Factors', 'Zinc']
| 14,960,568
|
[['G02.111.570.120'], ['E05.196.080', 'G02.111.084', 'G02.111.570.120.309'], ['D01.268.556.137', 'D01.268.956.061', 'D01.552.544.137'], ['E05.196.131'], ['D12.776.157'], ['D01.248.497.300'], ['E05.196.401.402', 'E05.301.300.319'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['D12.776.097.275'], ['D12.125.072.329', 'D12.125.142.308'], ['G02.300'], ['D01.248.497'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['D12.776.157.530', 'D12.776.543.585'], ['D01.268.556.504', 'D01.268.956.437', 'D01.552.544.504'], ['E05.599.495'], ['G05.360.600'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808'], ['D01.248.497.300.459.700', 'D01.268.406.750', 'D01.362.340.750', 'G01.249.660.500'], ['G01.906.595', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710', 'G16.500.750.775.710', 'N06.230.150.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710'], ['G01.906'], ['G01.910.857'], ['D01.268.556.940', 'D01.268.956.906', 'D01.552.544.940']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Development and validation of a method for mercury determination in seawater for the process control of a candidate certified reference material.
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A simple, robust and reliable method for mercury determination in seawater matrices based on the combination of cold vapour generation and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (CV-ICP-MS) and its complete in-house validation are described. The method validation covers parameters such as linearity, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), trueness, repeatability, intermediate precision and robustness. A calibration curve covering the whole working range was achieved with coefficients of determination typically higher than 0.9992. The repeatability of the method (RSDrep) was 0.5 %, and the intermediate precision was 2.3 % at the target mass fraction of 20 ng/kg. Moreover, the method was robust with respect to the salinity of the seawater. The limit of quantification was 2.7 ng/kg, which corresponds to 13.5 % of the target mass fraction in the future certified reference material (20 ng/kg). An uncertainty budget for the measurement of mercury in seawater has been established. The relative expanded (k = 2) combined uncertainty is 6 %. The performance of the validated method was demonstrated by generating results for process control and a homogeneity study for the production of a candidate certified reference material.
|
['Calibration', 'Limit of Detection', 'Mercury', 'Reference Standards', 'Seawater']
| 26,100,550
|
[['E05.978.155'], ['E05.318.740.872.374', 'N05.715.360.750.725.500', 'N06.850.520.830.872.500'], ['D01.268.556.504', 'D01.268.956.437', 'D01.552.544.504'], ['E05.978.808'], ['G16.500.275.725.500']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Botulinum toxin therapy of eye muscle disorders. Safety and effectiveness. American Academy of Ophthalmology.
|
BTX injection has been used for 11 years by 292 ophthalmologists in 8,854 patients aged three months to 90 years in a variety of eye muscle and eyelid disorders. No systemic toxic reaction has occurred, local complications are few, and visual loss has not occurred in any case. In blepharospasm and hemifacial spasm BTX appears to fill an important need, since no other drug is reliably effective and since surgical interventions have substantial side effects. Strabismus cases with active uveitis, hypotony, previous detachment surgery, active thyroid eye disease, and recent paralytic strabismus are often poor candidates for surgical intervention. Some patients in each of these categories were treated effectively and safely by BTX injection. Surgery is clearly the preferred treatment modality in large angle deviations, in chronic paralytic strabismus, in cases where diplopia for a month or two from injection would incapacitate the patient, in nystagmus, in oblique muscle disorders and A-V patterns, where muscles have been misplaced and where restrictions to alignment have been created by disease or prior surgery. Side by side comparisons of surgery and injection in congenital esotropia and in concomitant strabismus of 50 PD or less should result in further clarification of treatment choices as to effectiveness, side effects and cost. BTX is presently available only to clinical investigators using the drug under research protocols.
|
['Blepharospasm', 'Botulinum Toxins', 'Eyelid Diseases', 'Facial Muscles', 'Humans', 'Spasm', 'Strabismus']
| 2,779,991
|
[['C11.338.250'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.480.153', 'D08.811.277.656.675.374.153', 'D12.776.097.156', 'D23.946.123.179'], ['C11.338'], ['A02.633.567.400', 'A14.363'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C10.597.613.750', 'C23.888.592.608.750'], ['C10.292.562.887', 'C11.590.810']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Continuous pulse oximetry in the breath-hold diving women of Korea and Japan.
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Arterial oxygen saturation during breath-hold diving has not previously been measured continuously. We devised a submersible, waterproof, backpack computer to continuously record heart rate, depth, and arterial oxygen saturation (SPO2) as determined by earlobe pulse oximetry. Our measurements showed that one assisted (Funado) diver had reduced SPO2 values immediately after surfacing from 22 dives which lasted 23-76 s, from a mean of 99 +/- 1% SPO2 to 96 +/- 3% SPO2. SPO2 returned to 97 +/- 2% within 15 s after surfacing (P < 0.05 surface value differs from predive base line). Four unassisted (Cachido) divers showed no significant reduction of mean predive SPO2 below 98 +/- 2% at any time during the dive or recovery period in 92 routine dives lasting from 15 to 44 s. Upon surfacing from diving, mean SPO2 was 98 +/- 2% and the mean SPO2 15 s after surfacing was 97 +/- 3% for the unassisted divers. Three Cachido divers were asked to dive and breath hold for as long as possible. Mean SPO2 at the conclusion of breath holding was 73% after an average dive and breath hold lasting 69 s.
|
['Adult', 'Diving', 'Female', 'Heart Rate', 'Humans', 'Middle Aged', 'Oximetry', 'Oxygen', 'Oxygen Consumption', 'Partial Pressure', 'Pulmonary Gas Exchange']
| 8,286,984
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['I03.450.642.845.945.500.110', 'N06.230.150.150'], ['E01.370.600.875.500', 'G09.330.380.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.370.225.124.100.100.600', 'E01.370.370.380.600', 'E01.370.386.700.100.600', 'E05.200.124.100.100.600'], ['D01.268.185.550', 'D01.362.670'], ['G03.680'], ['G01.374.715.714'], ['E01.370.386.700.650', 'G03.143.775.602', 'G09.772.705.760.602']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Developing self-directed learning modules.
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The authors present a practical, step-by-step process for developing, implementing, and evaluating self-directed learning modules for staff development and continuing education. The process is described in detail and includes specific examples for those who want to develop self-directed learning modules that are unique to a particular target population.
|
['Education, Nursing, Continuing', 'Humans', 'Nursing Staff', 'Program Development', 'Program Evaluation', 'Programmed Instructions as Topic', 'Staff Development']
| 9,661,402
|
[['I02.358.212.450', 'I02.358.462.399'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.526.485.680', 'N02.360.680'], ['N04.452.760'], ['E05.337.820', 'N04.761.685', 'N05.715.360.650'], ['F02.463.425.818.500', 'I02.903.771.500'], ['I02.574.700', 'N04.452.677.822']]
|
['Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Docetaxel and cisplatin as induction chemotherapy in patients with pathologically-proven stage IIIA N2 non-small cell lung cancer: a phase II study of the European organization for research and treatment of cancer (EORTC 08984).
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The objective of this phase II study was to document activity and toxicity of docetaxel and cisplatin as induction chemotherapy in patients with stage IIIA N2 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) before definitive local treatment. Forty-six chemotherapy-nai ve patients (median age 60 years) were included. Treatment consisted of 3 cycles of docetaxel (85 mg/m2 on day 1), followed by cisplatin (40 mg/m2/day on days 1 and 2) every 21 days. Grade 3-4 leukopenia and neutropenia occurred in 45.7% and 65.2% of the patients, respectively. Among 8 cases of febrile neutropenia (17.4%), one (2.2%) resulted in early death. Common grade 3-4 non-haematological toxicities were nausea (17.4%) and vomiting (13%). Eighty-five percent of the patients received three courses; six stopped prematurely due to toxicity, one due to protocol violation. Response rate was the primary endpoint of this study. Considering eligible patients (n=40), 18 responses (1 complete and 17 partial responses) were observed (response rate 45%; 95% Confidence interval (CI): 29.3%-61.5%). In stage IIIA-N2 NSCLC patients, docetaxel-cisplatin could be administered and demonstrated manageable toxicity with modest efficacy.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols', 'Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung', 'Cisplatin', 'Disease-Free Survival', 'Docetaxel', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Lung Neoplasms', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Remission Induction', 'Survival Analysis', 'Taxoids', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 16,759,850
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E02.183.750.500', 'E02.319.077.500', 'E02.319.310.037'], ['C04.588.894.797.520.109.220.249', 'C08.381.540.140.500', 'C08.785.520.100.220.500'], ['D01.210.375', 'D01.625.125', 'D01.710.100'], ['E01.789.800.190', 'E05.318.740.998.300', 'N04.761.559.590.800.190', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800.190', 'N05.715.360.750.795.300', 'N06.850.520.830.998.300'], ['D02.455.426.392.368.242.888.389', 'D02.455.849.291.850.389'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.588.894.797.520', 'C08.381.540', 'C08.785.520'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E02.860'], ['E05.318.740.998', 'N05.715.360.750.795', 'N06.850.520.830.998'], ['D02.455.426.392.368.242.888', 'D02.455.849.291.850'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Pseudocompact-type growth and conversion of growth types of strains of Staphylococcus aureus in vitro and in vivo.
|
Some strains of Staphylococcus aureus grew as compact colonies in Brain Heart Infusion-serum-soft agar but as diffuse colonies in a modified Staphylococcus 110-serum-soft agar. These strains were designated "pseudocompact." Strains showing compact-type colonial morphology in both media were designated "compact," whereas strains showing diffuse-type growth in both media were designated "diffuse." It was observed that the most recently isolated strains of S. aureus were of the pseudocompact type, whereas most stock culture strains tested were of the compact type. Using cultures recently isolated from clinical material, it was shown that pseudocompact strains convert to compact-type growth after prolonged incubation. Interconversion of compact, diffuse, and pseudocompact growth forms could be induced in vitro by appropriate cultural conditions, and conversion of growth type was also observed in vivo. Femoral abscesses produced in mice by four different compact-type strains showed conversion to diffuse or pseudocompact-type growth during the course of the infection.
|
['Abscess', 'Agar', 'Animals', 'Bacteriological Techniques', 'Blood', 'Brain', 'Culture Media', 'Culture Techniques', 'Mice', 'Staphylococcal Infections', 'Staphylococcus']
| 4,898,983
|
[['C01.830.025', 'C23.550.470.756.100'], ['D09.698.360.041'], ['B01.050'], ['E01.370.225.875.150', 'E05.200.875.150'], ['A12.207.152', 'A15.145'], ['A08.186.211'], ['D27.720.470.305', 'E07.206'], ['E05.481.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['C01.150.252.410.868'], ['B03.300.390.400.800.750', 'B03.353.500.750.750', 'B03.510.100.750.750', 'B03.510.400.790.750']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Reproductive effects of olfactory bulbectomy in the Syrian hamster.
|
The effects of olfactory bulbectomy on circulating gonadotropin, prolactin and testosterone levels and on the testicular and pituitary responses to shortening of day length were studied in Syrian hamsters. Adult animals maintained on a 14L:10D cycle were sham-operated or sustained bilateral radical olfactory bulbectomies by aspiration to remove the main and accessory olfactory bulbs and the adjacent regions of the anterior olfactory nucleus. They were then maintained either on the long photoperiod or housed on a 10L:14D cycle. Testicular length was measured at weekly intervals over a 5-mo period. Sham-operated controls exhibited the normal pattern of testicular regression and eventual recrudescence on the short photoperiod. Testicular regression was significantly reduced in bulbectomized animals. Many of these animals showed no regression; others exhibited a reduced degree and/or shortened duration of regression. Serum levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) were substantially elevated in bulbectomized males maintained in long days. Their serum levels of luteinizing hormone (LH), prolactin and testosterone remained within the range for shams on long photoperiod. In short days, the bulbectomized animals showed the normal, pronounced decline in circulating prolactin levels. Serum FSH and LH levels also showed substantial declines, but the FSH levels were not reduced below the range for controls in long days, and the decline in LH levels was not as great as that for controls in short days.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
|
['Animals', 'Circadian Rhythm', 'Cricetinae', 'Darkness', 'Follicle Stimulating Hormone', 'Light', 'Luteinizing Hormone', 'Male', 'Mesocricetus', 'Olfactory Bulb', 'Pituitary Gland', 'Prolactin', 'Reproduction', 'Testis', 'Testosterone']
| 3,103,700
|
[['B01.050'], ['G07.180.562.190'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.075.250'], ['G01.590.540.233'], ['D06.472.699.322.576.288', 'D06.472.699.631.525.343.288', 'D12.644.548.691.525.343.288'], ['G01.358.500.505.650', 'G01.590.540', 'G01.750.250.650', 'G01.750.770.578'], ['D06.472.699.322.576.463', 'D06.472.699.631.525.343.463', 'D12.644.548.691.525.343.463'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.075.250.500'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.388'], ['A06.300.747', 'A06.688.357.750', 'A08.186.211.180.497.352.435.500', 'A08.186.211.200.317.357.352.435.500', 'A08.713.357.750'], ['D06.472.699.322.576.773', 'D06.472.699.631.525.525', 'D12.644.548.691.525.525'], ['G08.686.784'], ['A05.360.444.849', 'A05.360.576.782', 'A06.300.312.782'], ['D04.210.500.054.079.429.824', 'D06.472.334.851.968.984']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Comparative penetration of insecticides in target and non-target species.
|
Dermal penetration of 14C-labeled carbaryl, parathion, DDT, dieldrin and permethrin was compared in American roaches, tobacco hornworms, Japanese quail, grass frogs and mice. Insecticides were absorbed more quickly in mice (one exception) while entry into insects was generally slow. The half time penetration rates for carbaryl ranged from 6 min for frogs to 4600 min for roaches. Whereas permethrin penetrated easily into insects, other insecticides showed generally slower penetration into target organisms. Carbaryl tended to penetrate most rapidly in all species except roaches, while DDT and dieldrin tended to penetrate slowly in all organisms tested. Distribution of insecticides in the blood and liver of Japanese quail and grass frogs was surprisingly low. Insect species tended to show higher amounts in hemolymph than most other species. Excretion of radioactivity was relatively low in the frog in these experiments but was high in the quail for rapidly-metabolized compounds.
|
['Absorption', 'Animals', 'Cockroaches', 'Coturnix', 'Female', 'Insecticides', 'Male', 'Rana pipiens', 'Species Specificity', 'Tissue Distribution']
| 6,603,345
|
[['G01.015', 'G02.010', 'G03.015', 'G03.787.024', 'G07.690.725.015'], ['B01.050'], ['B01.050.500.131.617.140'], ['B01.050.150.900.248.350.650.350'], ['D27.720.031.700.491', 'D27.888.723.491'], ['B01.050.150.900.090.180.708.310'], ['G16.824'], ['G03.787.917', 'G07.690.725.949']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Diagnostic usefulness of Carnett's test in psychogenic abdominal pain.
|
OBJECTIVE: Carnett's test is a simple clinical test in which abdominal tenderness is evaluated while the patient tenses the abdominal muscles. It is useful for differentiating abdominal wall pain from intra-abdominal pain. However, no study has reported its association with psychogenic abdominal pain. We evaluated its diagnostic usefulness in psychogenic abdominal pain.METHODS: Two physicians performed Carnett's test on each patient, but only one received the medical history. The other physician only conducted the test. Based on the final diagnosis, patients were categorized into 3 groups: psychogenic pain, abdominal wall pain, or intra-abdominal pain. Each group was analyzed in association with the results of Carnett's test conducted by the blinded physician.PATIENTS: A total of 130 outpatients with the chief complaint of abdominal pain who had abdominal tenderness.RESULTS: There were 22 patients with psychogenic abdominal pain, 19 with abdominal wall pain and 62 with intra-abdominal pain. In patients with psychogenic pain or abdominal wall pain, Carnett's test was usually positive, whereas the test was usually negative in patients with intra-abdominal pain (p<0.001, respectively). The positive likelihood ratio of Carnett's test for psychogenic abdominal pain was 2.91 (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.71-3.13), while the negative likelihood ratio was 0.19 (95% CI, 0.11-0.34). The corresponding values for abdominal wall pain were 2.62 (95% CI, 2.45-2.81) and 0.23 (95% CI, 0.13-0.41), respectively.CONCLUSION: Carnett's test may be useful for ruling in and ruling out psychogenic abdominal pain in addition to distinguishing between abdominal wall pain and intra-abdominal pain.
|
['Abdomen', 'Abdominal Muscles', 'Abdominal Pain', 'Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Diagnosis, Differential', 'Female', 'Genetics, Behavioral', 'Humans', 'Japan', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Physical Examination', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Young Adult']
| 21,297,322
|
[['A01.923.047'], ['A02.633.567.050'], ['C23.888.592.612.054', 'C23.888.821.030'], ['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E01.171'], ['F04.096.276', 'H01.158.273.343.290'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.252.474.463', 'Z01.639.595'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.370.600'], ['E05.318.370.800.650', 'N05.715.360.325.700.640', 'N06.850.520.445.800.650'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Synergistic influence of epidermal growth factor, insulin and transferrin on human fetal kidney in culture.
|
In human fetal kidneys (15-21 weeks of gestation) maintained in serum-free organ culture, protein synthesis remained relatively constant, but DNA synthesis decreased dramatically after 2 days. The addition of transferrin alone had no influence, but insulin and epidermal growth factor (EGF) both significantly stimulated DNA and protein synthesis. When supplemented in combination, transferrin strongly potentiated the insulin effect and after 5 days of culture DNA synthesis was practically restored to values observed in control uncultured renal explants (day 0). When EGF, a potent mitogen, was added as a third factor, the stimulating effectiveness of the (insulin plus transferrin) combination was significantly reduced. However, EGF had no such inhibiting influence on protein synthesis. Differentiation of brush border membranes, as evaluated by hydrolase activities, was not importantly induced nor retarded by any of the three factors supplemented either alone or in combination. The present results indicate that the individual effects of the three factors are not additive, but suggest that they rather act synergistically through a complex mechanism of receptor cross-talk. In our laboratory, there is convincing indication that the response of fetal organs varies according to age, proliferative state of tissues as well as stage of differentiation.
|
['DNA', 'Epidermal Growth Factor', 'Humans', 'Hydrolysis', 'Insulin', 'Kidney', 'Microvilli', 'Organ Culture Techniques', 'Protein Biosynthesis', 'Transferrin']
| 1,910,452
|
[['D13.444.308'], ['D06.472.317.350', 'D12.644.276.382.500', 'D12.776.467.382.500', 'D23.529.382.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G02.380'], ['D06.472.699.587.200.500.625', 'D12.644.548.586.200.500.625'], ['A05.810.453'], ['A11.284.180.565'], ['E05.481.500.484'], ['G02.111.660.871', 'G03.734.871', 'G05.297.670'], ['D12.776.124.050.800', 'D12.776.124.790.223.839', 'D12.776.157.427.750.500', 'D12.776.377.715.182.839', 'D12.776.556.579.750.500']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Endoscopic swept-source optical coherence tomography based on a two-axis microelectromechanical system mirror.
|
A microelectromechanical system (MEMS) mirror based endoscopic swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) system that can perform three-dimensional (3-D) imaging at high speed is reported. The key component enabling 3-D endoscopic imaging is a two-axis MEMS scanning mirror which has a 0.8?0.8 mm2 mirror plate and a 1.6?1.4 mm2 device footprint. The diameter of the endoscopic probe is only 3.5 mm. The imaging rate of the SS-OCT system is 50 frames/s. OCT images of both human suspicious oral leukoplakia tissue and normal buccal mucosa were taken in vivo and compared. The OCT imaging result agrees well with the histopathological analysis.
|
['Endoscopes', 'Equipment Design', 'Equipment Failure Analysis', 'Humans', 'Image Enhancement', 'Lenses', 'Lighting', 'Micro-Electrical-Mechanical Systems', 'Miniaturization', 'Mouth Neoplasms', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Tomography, Optical Coherence']
| 23,942,630
|
[['E07.230.220', 'E07.858.240'], ['E05.320'], ['E05.325.192'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.600.350', 'L01.224.308.380'], ['E07.632.500'], ['N06.230.150.410'], ['E07.305.343', 'J01.637.509'], ['J01.897.520'], ['C04.588.443.591', 'C07.465.530'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['E01.370.350.589.249.500', 'E01.370.350.825.805.500', 'E05.642.249.500']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Rodents and Leptospira transmission risk in Terceira island (Azores).
|
The role of rodents as Leptospira renal carriers in Terceira island was evaluated (1993-1995) through kidney culture and serology [microscopic aglutination test (MAT)] of 94 mice and rats. Fifty-nine animals were positive (n = 41 by serology + culturing; n = 11 serology; n = 7 culturing), presenting a wide distribution in man-made and natural areas. House mice had the highest bacteriological (82.9%) and serological (90.9%) rates, being strictly related to serovar arborea. Black rats were involved in the dispersion of all isolated L. interrogans sensu lato serovars (arborea, copenhageni and icterohaemorrhagiae). Logistic regression analysis and non-metric multi-dimensional scaling, relating Leptospira infection with biological and environmental variables, expressed that adult males Mus domesticus, sexually active and living in humid biotopes, mainly above 500 m, are the most likely reservoirs. This study emphasizes the role of house-mice in the epidemiology of leptospirosis in Terceira and the need of reducing the risk of Leptospira transmission through integrated control programmes, primarily focusing on adult house-mice in peri-domestic environments, before the breeding season.
|
['Animals', 'Azores', 'Carrier State', 'Disease Vectors', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Leptospirosis', 'Logistic Models', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Prevalence', 'Probability', 'Rats', 'Risk Assessment', 'Risk Factors', 'Rodentia']
| 11,484,805
|
[['B01.050'], ['Z01.639.040.218'], ['N06.850.520.169'], ['N06.850.335.188', 'N06.850.520.203.375'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C01.150.252.400.794.511'], ['E05.318.740.500.525', 'E05.318.740.600.800.450', 'E05.318.740.750.450', 'E05.599.835.875', 'N05.715.360.750.530.480', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.450', 'N05.715.360.750.695.470', 'N06.850.520.830.500.525', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.450', 'N06.850.520.830.750.450'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['E05.318.740.600', 'G17.680', 'N05.715.360.750.625', 'N06.850.520.830.600'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.715', 'N04.452.871.715', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.690', 'N06.850.505.715', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.715'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
How can we design trials to detect clinically important changes in disease severity?
|
1. Forty-eight British rheumatologists judged the change in disease activity in 50 sets of patient data drawn from life and presented as 'paper patients'. Each set comprised two values, recorded a year apart, for 10 commonly measured clinical variables. Doctors recorded the size of improvement or deterioration on a visual analogue scale (VAS) and whether the change was clinically important or not. 2. Clinical judgement policies were modelled using linear regression of the clinical variables on the VAS score. 3. Doctors showed little agreement over which patients had improved and which had not. Possible reasons could be discovered by inspecting their judgement policies. 4. The weights attributed to the clinical variables differed considerably between doctors. Furthermore weights the doctors believed they attached to the variables frequently differed from the weights in the regression models. 5. These models could be used to calculate the smallest change required in any clinical variable before it would be considered clinically important. However, the size of such changes was often outside the observed clinical range suggesting that the use of single outcome variables is unrealistic. 6. The modelling procedure described can be applied during the planning stage of the trial to participating physicians, patients, health economists or any other group having an interest in the results. The models themselves can then be used to reach a consensus policy for judging what is a successful outcome. This may be expressed as a linear combination of specific outcome measures. Its use may improve the power of clinical trials and the relevance of their results.
|
['Arthritis, Rheumatoid', 'Clinical Trials as Topic', 'Humans', 'Models, Biological', 'Regression Analysis', 'Research Design']
| 3,190,985
|
[['C05.550.114.154', 'C05.799.114', 'C17.300.775.099', 'C20.111.199'], ['E05.318.372.250.250', 'N05.715.360.330.250.250', 'N06.850.520.450.250.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.599.395'], ['E05.318.740.750', 'N05.715.360.750.695', 'N06.850.520.830.750'], ['E05.581.500', 'H01.770.644.728']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Examination of ionic liquids and their interaction with molecules, when used as stationary phases in gas chromatography.
|
Stable room-temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) have been used as novel reaction solvents. They can solubilize complex polar molecules such as cyclodextrins and glycopeptides. Their wetting ability and viscosity allow them to be coated onto fused silica capillaries. Thus, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate and the analogous chloride salt can be used as stationary phases for gas chromatography (GC). Using inverse GC, one can examine the nature of these ionic liquids via their interactions with a variety of compounds. The Rohrschneider-McReynolds constants were determined for both ionic liquids and a popular commercial polysiloxane stationary phase. Ionic liquid stationary phases seem to have a dual nature. They appear to act as a low-polarity stationary phase to nonpolar compounds. However, molecules with strong proton donor groups, in particular, are tenaciously retained. The nature of the anion can have a significant effect on both the solubilizing ability and the selectivity of ionic liquid stationary phases. It appears that the unusual properties of ionic liquids could make them beneficial in many areas of separation science.
|
['Chromatography, Gas', 'Ions', 'Octanols', 'Water']
| 10,489,532
|
[['E05.196.181.349'], ['D01.248.497'], ['D02.033.415.600', 'D10.289.600'], ['D01.045.250.875', 'D01.248.497.158.459.650', 'D01.650.550.925']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Implantation of recombinant rat myocytes into adult skeletal muscle: a potential gene therapy.
|
The ability of skeletal muscle to regenerate provides an excellent therapeutic entry, via genetic engineering, for correcting diseases of skeletal muscle and other tissues. We have used a retrovirus to transfer the cDNA for the human multidrug transporter, encoded by the MDR1 gene, into the genomes of the rat muscle cell line L6 and into primary rat myocytes. The MDR1 gene confers drug resistance to cells, and thus serves as a selectable marker in vitro. In cultured cells, the retroviral promoter-driven human MDR1 cDNA was shown to be stable in the presence or absence of drug selection or muscle cell fusion. MDR1 mRNA was synthesized, as shown by RNA blot analysis and in situ hybridization. The protein product was localized to the plasma membrane of transduced myocytes and myotubes by immunofluorescence. As a model for skeletal muscle gene therapy, transduced L6 myocytes were implanted into the tibialis anterior muscle of Wistar rats. The retroviral sequences of the human MDR1 gene and its mRNA were present in the muscles of Wistar rats 5 days, but not 12 days, after implantation, possibly because of immunorejection. On the other hand, the human MDR1 cDNA was stable in the tibialis anterior muscle of nude mice, which are incapable of immunorejection, at least 4 weeks after implantation of myocytes. Immunosuppression of Wistar rats with cyclosporine A delayed immunorejection of recombinant myocytes, and MDR1 cDNA and mRNA was detected 3-4 weeks after implantation. In situ hybridization revealed that injected recombinant myocytes remain in discrete foci in adult rodent skeletal muscle and express MDR1 mRNA for at least 30 days in nude mice and cyclosporine-treated rats.
|
['ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1', 'Animals', 'Carrier Proteins', 'Cell Fusion', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Cyclosporins', 'DNA', 'Drug Resistance', 'Female', 'Gene Expression', 'Genetic Therapy', 'Genetic Vectors', 'Graft Survival', 'Male', 'Membrane Glycoproteins', 'Mice', 'Mice, Nude', 'Muscles', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Strains', 'Recombinant Fusion Proteins']
| 1,677,815
|
[['D12.776.157.530.100.075.063', 'D12.776.157.530.450.074.500.500.250.125', 'D12.776.395.550.020.400.153', 'D12.776.543.550.192.400.153', 'D12.776.543.585.100.200.125', 'D12.776.543.585.450.074.500.500.250.125'], ['B01.050'], ['D12.776.157'], ['E05.242.307', 'G04.155'], ['A11.251'], ['D04.345.566.235', 'D12.644.641.235'], ['D13.444.308'], ['G07.690.773.984'], ['G05.297'], ['E02.095.301', 'E05.393.420.301'], ['G05.360.337'], ['G12.875.545.340'], ['D12.776.395.550', 'D12.776.543.550'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.500'], ['A02.633', 'A10.690'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400'], ['D12.776.828.300']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Carbapenem resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from urine cultures: prevalence and risk factors].
|
OBJECTIVE: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a non-fermentative gram-negative bacillus with a great ability to develop resistance to multiple antibiotics, including carbapenems, which is a growing problem worldwide. The aim of this study was to analyse the prevalence of carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa (CRPA) in urine cultures and to determine the risk factors associated with the development of carbapanem resistance.METHODS: Positive urine cultures to P. aeruginosa between September 2012 and September 2014 were identified. We excluded repetitive cultures from the same patient. We created a database with different variables, including antimicrobial resistance. The prevalence of carbapenem resistance and the risk factors for growth of CRPA were analysed.RESULTS: Ninety-one patients with positive urine cultures to P. aeruginosa were included. The prevalence of CRPA was 22%. The risk factors to CRPA infection in the univariate analysis were: congestive heart failure (p=0.02), previous treatment with ampicillin (p=0.04), meropenem (p=0.04), piperacillin-tazobactam (p=0.01), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (p= 0.01) and previous treatment with more than one antibiotic (p<0.01). Only congestive heart failure (p<0.01) and previous treatment with more than one antibiotic (p<0.01) showed statistically significant differences in the multivariate analysis.CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of CRPA in urine cultures is high in our population. We should assess the presence of risk factors as previous treatment with more than one antibiotic or comorbidities such as heart failure, in order to select an appropriate empirical treatment in patients with severe urinary tract infections.
|
['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Carbapenems', 'Cardiomyopathy, Dilated', 'Drug Resistance, Bacterial', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Microbial Sensitivity Tests', 'Middle Aged', 'Prevalence', 'Pseudomonas Infections', 'Pseudomonas aeruginosa', 'Risk Factors', 'Urinary Tract Infections', 'Urine']
| 28,440,605
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['D02.065.589.099.124', 'D03.633.100.300.124'], ['C14.280.195.160', 'C14.280.238.070', 'C16.320.488.750'], ['G06.099.225', 'G06.225.347', 'G07.690.773.984.269.347'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.875.595', 'E05.200.875.595', 'E05.337.550.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['C01.150.252.400.739'], ['B03.440.400.425.625.625.100', 'B03.660.250.580.590.050'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['C01.915', 'C12.777.892', 'C13.351.968.892'], ['A12.207.927']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Coping with "bad body image days": strategies from first-year young adult college women.
|
The purpose of this qualitative study was to understand how college women cope with body image concerns, a topic which has rarely been studied. Semi-structured interviews with first-year female college students (N=30) revealed common strategies used for body image coping as well as their perceived effectiveness. While exercise was most frequently cited, other coping strategies included healthy eating, appearance changing, talking to friends or family, religion/spirituality, spending time alone, getting out and doing something, and self-acceptance. One of the emerging themes was participation in a cycle of eating as a result of body image concerns, and then feeling bad about themselves for eating. Participants identified that women in this cycle either adopt a self-defeatist attitude, believing they can do nothing about their appearance, or engage in self-improvement strategies, including goal setting. Far more women reported coping strategies that reflected avoidance or appearance fixing motives rather than acceptance.
|
['Adaptation, Psychological', 'Adolescent', 'Avoidance Learning', 'Body Image', 'Defense Mechanisms', 'Eating', 'Exercise', 'Feeding and Eating Disorders', 'Female', 'Helplessness, Learned', 'Humans', 'Internal-External Control', 'Interview, Psychological', 'Motivation', 'Self Concept', 'Social Environment', 'Social Support', 'Spirituality', 'Students', 'Young Adult']
| 21,705,288
|
[['F01.058'], ['M01.060.057'], ['F02.463.425.097', 'F02.463.785.373.173'], ['F01.752.747.792.110', 'F02.463.593.112'], ['F01.393'], ['G07.203.650.283', 'G10.261.330'], ['G11.427.410.698.277', 'I03.350'], ['F03.400'], ['F01.393.398', 'F02.463.425.420'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.829.379'], ['F04.669.599'], ['F01.658', 'F01.752.543.500.750'], ['F01.752.747.792'], ['I01.880.853.500'], ['I01.880.853.500.600'], ['F02.880.705', 'K01.844.664.500'], ['M01.848'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Humanities [K]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Reduced 3-O-methyl-dopa levels in OCD patients and their unaffected parents is associated with the low activity M158 COMT allele.
|
The catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) gene is considered as a candidate gene in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Specifically, the COMT low-activity M158 allele has been suggested to be associated with OCD. However, there is no study reporting that COMT activity is decreased in OCD patients and that the decrease is mediated by the V158M polymorphism. Therefore, the purpose of our study was to assess COMT activity in OCD by measuring plasma levels of 3-O-methyl-dopa (3-OMD), which result from the methylation of levodopa by COMT, and to investigate the relationship between 3-OMD levels and the V158M polymorphism. We also examined whether 3-OMD levels represented an endophenotype, associated with the genetic liability to OCD, by assessing unaffected relatives of OCD patients. We assessed plasma 3-OMD levels in a sample of drug-free OCD probands (n = 34) and their unaffected parents (n = 63), and compared them with controls (n = 85). The COMT V158M polymorphism was genotyped in all participants. Lower plasma 3-OMD levels were found in OCD probands and their unaffected parents compared to controls. The COMT M158 allele was associated with reduced plasma 3-OMD levels in a co-dominant manner, both in OCD probands and their relatives, but not in controls. Our results suggest that COMT activity could act as a limiting factor for the production of 3-OMD in OCD patients and in their relatives. These findings further support a role of COMT in the susceptibility to OCD and provide evidence that 3-OMD levels could represent an endophenotype in OCD.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Alleles', 'Anxiety', 'Catechol O-Methyltransferase', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Female', 'Heterozygote', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder', 'Parents', 'Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide']
| 19,676,096
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.030'], ['F01.470.132'], ['D08.811.913.555.500.250'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['G05.380.383'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['F03.080.600'], ['F01.829.263.500.320', 'I01.880.853.150.500.340', 'M01.620'], ['G05.365.795.598']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Voice over IP: how computing technology is being used in mobile communications.
|
This article explains how computing technology was used to address the need for mobile communications among nursing staff. In 2004, nursing staff at Fauquier Hospital relocated from one nursing floor in an older building to two floors in a new structure. This resulted in complaints and supervision issues as nursing managers, who had previously been relatively sedentary, now became quite mobile as they attempted to control nursing operations on two separate floors. Complaints arose from several sources. Nursing staff and managers both complained about the increased difficulty in communicating with each other Physicians expressed frustration to hospital administration at playing "telephone tag" with managers. The solution involved Internet Protocol technology that is in widespread use on most computer networks. The article details how this technology was selected over several other communications technologies and used to implement wireless telephony over the hospital's existing computer network. It reviews key standards and technologies and issues surrounding their use. Finally, the article demonstrates how this computing technology improved patient care by facilitating mobile communications.
|
['Diffusion of Innovation', 'Information Systems', 'Nursing Staff, Hospital', 'Telecommunications', 'United States', 'Voice']
| 16,266,029
|
[['L01.143.320'], ['L01.313.500.750.300'], ['M01.526.485.680.490', 'M01.526.485.740.523', 'N02.360.680.490', 'N02.360.740.523'], ['L01.178.847'], ['Z01.107.567.875'], ['G09.772.925']]
|
['Information Science [L]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Anti herpes simplex-1 activity of a standard extract of Zataria multiflora Boiss.
|
In Rosmarinic Acid (RA) is a phenolic acid which has many biological activities such as antioxidant, anti inflammatory and anti viral effects. In the present study, we have studied the anti Herpes simplex type 1 (HSV-1) effect of methanolic extract of Zataria multiflora which has been standardized on the basis of RA content. Methanolic extract of Zatria multiflora was prepared by maceration method. RA content of plant extract was measured by spectrophotometry method using the calibration curve of RA. Maximum non Toxic Concentration (MNTC) of the plant was determined by neutral red method. MNTC and lower serial dilutions of extract were examined in vitro on vero cells for their effect against HSV-1 using a plaque reduction assay. Acyclovir was used as positive control. Time-dependent antiviral effect of Z. multiflora was studied by adding the extract to HSV-1 infected vero cells at different stages of infection. The percentage of RA was determined as 2.2% in Z. multiflora. This plant was effective in all used concentrations and significantly reduced plaque formation up to 100% at concentrations of 800 and 1000 microg mL(-1). Clearly Z. multiflora revealed both a time and concentration inhibition. It seems that the presence of rosmarinic acid would be a determining factor for anti HSV activity of Z. multiflora.
|
['Adsorption', 'Animals', 'Antiviral Agents', 'Chlorocebus aethiops', 'Cinnamates', 'Depsides', 'Herpesvirus 1, Human', 'Lamiaceae', 'Methanol', 'Phytotherapy', 'Plant Extracts', 'Vero Cells']
| 24,171,266
|
[['G01.030', 'G02.020'], ['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.122.388'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.199.120.126.110'], ['D02.241.223.200'], ['D02.241.223.100.300.100', 'D02.241.511.390.100', 'D02.455.426.559.389.127.281.100', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.410.100'], ['B04.280.382.100.750.390'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.583.520'], ['D02.033.623'], ['E02.190.755'], ['D20.215.784.500', 'D26.667'], ['A11.251.210.955', 'A11.436.955']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The sensory innervation of the nasal glabrous skin in the short-nosed bandicoot (Isoodon macrourus) and the opossum (Didelphis virginiana).
|
The glabrous skin at the anterior end of the snout of the short-nosed bandicoot and the American opossum was investigated by electron microscopy. In both species of animals, this region was lined by skin with broad epidermal pegs, innervated by three types of intraepidermal nerves. These were intraepidermal nerves which penetrated the epidermis up to the level of the stratum spinosum or the stratum granulosum, intraepidermal nerves in the basal layer of the epidermis partially surrounded by Schwann cell lamellae and intraepidermal nerves associated with Merkel cells. There were two types of free nerve endings in the dermis. The first type was derived from the deep dermal nerve plexus and had the typical characteristics of nerve terminals such as mitochondria, vesicles, irregularly arranged neurotubules and neurofilaments, and glycogen granules. There was a one-to-one relationship between Schwann cell lamellae and these nerve terminals. The second type of nerve ending was brush-like and the ends of the 'brushes' were enclosed in groups by a single Schwann cell lamella. Encapsulated nerve endings in the two types of animals differed in their structure. In the bandicoot, they consisted of a nerve terminal which had one to three branches. These terminals were rounded in profile and were surrounded by Schwann cell lamellae in a stack-like arrangement. An unusual finding was that the terminal sometimes left the corpuscle and made contact with the basal lamina of the epidermis before passing into its basal layer. These corpuscles did not have a perineural capsule. In the opossum, however, simple corpuscles with inner cores completely surrounded by a perineural capsule were seen. The glabrous skin of both types of animals was innervated with Eimer's organs consisting of intraepidermal nerves, Merkel cell nerve endings and encapsulated end-organs, as well as two types of dermal nerve endings.
|
['Animals', 'Marsupialia', 'Microscopy, Electron', 'Nerve Endings', 'Nose', 'Opossums', 'Skin']
| 3,870,723
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.573'], ['E01.370.350.515.402', 'E05.595.402'], ['A08.800.550'], ['A01.456.505.733', 'A04.531', 'A09.531'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.573.575'], ['A17.815']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Evaluation of isoeugenol for anesthesia in koi carp (Cyprinus carpio).
|
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate isoeugenol as an anesthetic agent in koi carp.ANIMALS: 216 juvenile koi carp (Cyprinus carpio).PROCEDURES: Fish were randomly allocated to 9 groups of 24, and each group was randomly exposed to isoeugenol concentrations ranging from 0 to 500 mg/L. General activity, excitement, fin and gill color changes, opercular movement rate, loss of equilibrium, muscle tone, jaw tone, and handleability were assessed. Five fish from the control (0 mg/L), 200 mg/L, and 500 mg/L groups were randomly selected prior to anesthetic recovery and again 24 hours after recovery for euthanasia, gross necropsy, and histologic assessment of gills, internal viscera, and skeletal muscles.RESULTS: Mean +/- SD interval to achieve stage 2 anesthesia with isoeugenol ranged from 22.4 +/- 6.2 minutes at 20 mg/L to 0.25 +/- 0.4 minutes at 500 mg/L, whereas the mean interval to stage 3 anesthesia ranged from 28.1 +/- 3.9 minutes at 20 mg/L to 0.33 +/- 0.48 minutes at 500 mg/L. With the exception of the 500 mg/L group, opercular movements were maintained throughout. Death was observed only in the 500 mg/L group, in which 50% of the fish either failed to recover or died within 24 hours after anesthetic exposure. There were no pathological differences between fish exposed to isoeugenol at 0 or 500 mg/L.CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Isoeugenol appeared to have a wide margin of safety with predictable dose-related effects. Concentrations of 40 to 80 mg/L induced anesthesia within 4 to 11 minutes and were considerably less than the concentration associated with fish death.
|
['Anesthesia', 'Anesthetics', 'Animals', 'Anti-Infective Agents', 'Carps', 'Eugenol', 'Humans', 'Licensure', 'Respiration', 'Safety', 'United States']
| 20,673,083
|
[['E03.155'], ['D27.505.696.277.100', 'D27.505.954.427.210.100'], ['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.122'], ['B01.050.150.900.493.200.244.248'], ['D02.241.223.200.054.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N03.706.110.510', 'N05.700.200.450'], ['G09.772.705'], ['N06.850.135.060.075'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Impact of leadership development on competencies.
|
Managed care has changed role expectations for front-line nurses. Roles now include outcome management, team coordination, and guardianship of patient's continuity along the continuum. Organizations are investing in leadership development training for non-management nurses in hopes that such competencies will enhance their value-added competitive edge, but data are needed to validate the value of such training to the organization. Authors report the self-perceived competencies in leadership understanding and ability (in a study of 87 participants) before and after leadership development training that focused on: planned change, communication, conflict, group dynamics, systems theory, and oppressed group behavior. Significant increases were reported in both understanding and ability to perform stated competencies both immediately after and 3 months after 3 days of training. Self-perceptions of both leadership understanding and ability before leadership training were higher for those with advanced degrees and/or those in management positions. However, some of these differences became insignificant after training.
|
['Clinical Competence', 'Education, Nursing, Continuing', 'Humans', 'Leadership', 'Managed Care Programs', 'Nurse Administrators', 'Nursing, Supervisory', 'Program Evaluation', 'Staff Development']
| 9,362,865
|
[['I02.399.630.210', 'N04.761.210', 'N05.715.175'], ['I02.358.212.450', 'I02.358.462.399'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.752.609'], ['N03.219.521.576.343.800', 'N04.590.374.410'], ['M01.526.070.670', 'M01.526.485.650.580', 'N02.360.650.580'], ['N04.452.758.377.750'], ['E05.337.820', 'N04.761.685', 'N05.715.360.650'], ['I02.574.700', 'N04.452.677.822']]
|
['Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Prostaglandins A as possible endogenous ligands of benzodiazepine receptor.
|
We carried out biochemical studies on several prostaglandins to determine if whey would displace [3H]diazepam binding to the membranes of bovine cerebral cortex. Prostaglandins A1 and A2 were the most potent inhibitors of this binding and all the others tested were either less potent or not effective. As prostaglandins A1 and A2 competitively inhibited [3H]diazepam binding with Ki values of 7.1 +/- 0.1 and 15 +/- 1 microM, respectively, their possible function as endogenous ligands of benzodiazepine receptors warrants further attention.
|
['Animals', 'Cattle', 'Diazepam', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Ligands', 'Prostaglandins A', 'Receptors, Drug', 'Receptors, GABA-A']
| 6,286,321
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['D03.633.100.079.080.070.216'], ['E05.481'], ['D27.720.470.480'], ['D10.251.355.255.550.100', 'D23.469.050.175.725.100'], ['D12.776.827'], ['D12.776.157.530.400.175.562', 'D12.776.157.530.400.400.100.100', 'D12.776.543.550.450.175.562', 'D12.776.543.550.450.500.100.100', 'D12.776.543.585.400.175.562', 'D12.776.543.585.400.500.100.100', 'D12.776.543.750.130.500', 'D12.776.543.750.720.200.300.300']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Ontogenetic manganese exposure with perinatal 6-OHDA lesioning alters behavioral responses of rats to dopamine D₁ and D2 agonist treatments.
|
The effect of neonatal manganese (Mn) exposure in a 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) rat model of Parkinson's disease was investigated. Pregnant Wistar rats were given drinking water with 10,000 ppm of Manganese (MnCl₂.4H₂O) from the time of conception until weaning on the 21st day after delivery. Control rats consumed tap water. Three days after the birth, other groups of neonatal rat pups were pretreated with desipramine (20 mg/kg ip 1h) prior to bilateral ICV administration of 6-OHDA or its vehicle, saline-ascorbic (0.1%) (control). Two months after the birth, striatal dopamine and homovanilic acid efflux measured by an in vivo microdialysis method were reduced in rats lesioned with 6-OHDA. Co-exposure to perinatal Mn did not modify neurotransmission alterations. However, there were prominent abnormalities in behavioral testing in rats perinatally exposed to Mn and treated neonatally with 6-OHDA. These findings demonstrate that although Mn did not further damage neurotransmitter activity in the neostriatum, ontogenetic exposure to Mn enhances the behavioral toxicity to 6-OHDA.
|
['Animals', 'Behavior, Animal', 'Desipramine', 'Dopamine', 'Dopamine Agonists', 'Exploratory Behavior', 'Female', 'Homovanillic Acid', 'Manganese', 'Maternal-Fetal Exchange', 'Motor Activity', 'Neostriatum', 'Oxidopamine', 'Pargyline', 'Parkinson Disease', 'Pregnancy', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Receptors, Dopamine D1', 'Receptors, Dopamine D2']
| 24,295,730
|
[['B01.050'], ['F01.145.113'], ['D03.633.300.240.281'], ['D02.092.211.215.406', 'D02.092.311.342', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.175.342'], ['D27.505.519.625.150.151', 'D27.505.696.577.150.151'], ['F01.145.387', 'F01.658.370'], ['D02.241.223.601.521'], ['D01.268.556.484', 'D01.268.956.374', 'D01.552.544.484'], ['G08.686.784.769.455'], ['F01.145.632', 'G11.427.410.698'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.249.487.550'], ['D02.092.311.342.478.650', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.175.342.478.650'], ['D02.092.200.650', 'D02.455.426.559.389.140.210.650'], ['C10.228.140.079.862.500', 'C10.228.662.600.400', 'C10.574.928.750'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900'], ['D12.776.543.750.670.300.400.400', 'D12.776.543.750.695.150.400.400', 'D12.776.543.750.720.330.400.400'], ['D12.776.543.750.670.300.400.500', 'D12.776.543.750.695.150.400.500', 'D12.776.543.750.720.330.400.500']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Flow-cytometric identification, enumeration, purification, and expansion of CD133+ and VEGF-R2+ endothelial progenitor cells from peripheral blood.
|
A flow cytometric method for identifying, purifying, and expanding endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) derived from peripheral blood is reported. During our experiments, we found that isolation of viable EPC is not possible by using the standard flow cytometric protocols, since erythrocyte lysing influences cell survival. Furthermore, erythrocyte lysing has a high impact on quantative analysis of EPC with 20% lower numbers compared to no-lyse data. The viability of EPCs was tested with a colony forming test after both lysis based FACS of EPCs and without lysing. CD133 and VEGF-R2 revealed as positive markers for EPC selection and 7-amino actinomycin D (7-AAD) to eliminate dead cells. The few purified CD133+ and VEGF-R2+ cells showed strong colony-forming capacity in a human stem cell methylcellulose based medium (colony assay) when isolated by the no-lyse protocol. The colonies showed the typical shape of early EPC-colonies with round immature cells in the centre and dendritic or spindelcell-shaped peripheral cells, which were also immunologically identified as EPC-derived. Compared to this, erythrocyte lysing reagents destroyed even all sorted EPCs. Summarizing the presented data suggest that the use of erythrocyte lysing reagents is neither suitable for cloning nor for counting of endothelial progenitor cells, and no-lyse protocols should be used.
|
['AC133 Antigen', 'Adult', 'Antigens, CD', 'Blood Cell Count', 'Cell Separation', 'Endothelial Cells', 'Female', 'Flow Cytometry', 'Glycoproteins', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Peptides', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Stem Cells', 'Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2']
| 17,236,393
|
[['D12.776.395.550.007', 'D12.776.543.550.023'], ['M01.060.116'], ['D23.050.301.264.035', 'D23.101.100.110'], ['E01.370.225.500.195.107', 'E01.370.225.625.107', 'E05.200.500.195.107', 'E05.200.625.107', 'E05.242.195.107', 'G04.140.107', 'G09.188.105'], ['E01.370.225.500.363', 'E05.200.500.363', 'E05.242.363'], ['A11.436.275'], ['E01.370.225.500.363.342', 'E01.370.225.500.386.350', 'E05.196.712.516.600.240.350', 'E05.200.500.363.342', 'E05.200.500.386.350', 'E05.242.363.342', 'E05.242.386.350'], ['D09.400.430', 'D12.776.395'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.644'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['A11.872'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.400.950.200', 'D12.776.543.750.630.750.200', 'D12.776.543.750.750.400.910.200']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency enhances enterovirus 71 infection.
|
Variations in the cellular microenvironment affect the host's susceptibility to pathogens. Using glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD)-deficient fibroblasts as a model, this study demonstrated that the cellular redox status affects infectivity as well as the outcome of enterovirus 71 (EV71) infection. Compared with their normal counterparts, G6PD-deficient cells supported EV71 replication more efficiently and showed greater cytopathic effect and loss of viability. Mechanistically, viral infection led to increased oxidative stress, as indicated by increased dichlorofluorescein fluorescence and a diminished ratio of glutathione (GSH) to its disulfide form (GSSG), with the effect being greater in G6PD-deficient cells. Exogenous expression of active G6PD in the deficient cells, which increased the intracellular GSH:GSSG ratio, suppressed the generation of viral progeny. Consistent with this, treatment with N-acetylcysteine offered resistance to EV71 propagation and a cytoprotective effect on the infected cells. These findings support the notion that G6PD status, and thus redox balance, is an important determinant of enteroviral infection.
|
['Antioxidants', 'Base Sequence', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Cytopathogenic Effect, Viral', 'DNA, Viral', 'Enterovirus A, Human', 'Enterovirus Infections', 'Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase', 'Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency', 'Glutathione', 'Glutathione Disulfide', 'Humans', 'Oxidative Stress', 'Viral Plaque Assay', 'Virulence', 'Virus Replication']
| 18,753,216
|
[['D27.505.519.217', 'D27.505.696.706.125', 'D27.720.799.047'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['A11.251'], ['E01.370.225.500.384.235', 'E05.200.500.384.235', 'E05.242.384.235', 'G06.920.190'], ['D13.444.308.568'], ['B04.820.578.750.284.180'], ['C01.925.782.687.359'], ['D08.811.682.047.150.300'], ['C15.378.071.141.150.480', 'C16.320.070.480', 'C16.320.565.202.402', 'C18.452.648.202.402'], ['D12.644.456.448'], ['D12.644.456.448.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G03.673', 'G07.775.750'], ['E01.370.225.875.970.790', 'E05.200.875.970.790'], ['G06.930'], ['G06.920.925']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Phylogenetically diverse grasslands are associated with pairwise interspecific processes that increase biomass.
|
Biodiversity is an important determinant of primary productivity in experimental ecosystems. We combine two streams of research on understanding the effects of biodiversity on ecosystem function: quantifying phylogenetic diversity as a predictor of biodiversity effects in species-rich systems and the contribution of pairwise interspecific interactions to ecosystem function. We developed a statistical model that partitions the effect of biodiversity into effects due to community phylogenetic diversity and other community properties (e.g., average pairwise interaction, between- and within-functional-group effects, and so forth). The model provides phylogenetically based species-level explanations of differences in ecosystem response for communities with differing species composition. In two well-known grassland experiments, the model approach provides a parsimonious description of the effects of diversity as being due to the joint effect of the average pairwise statistical interaction and to community phylogenetic diversity. Effects associated with functional groupings of species in communities are largely explained by community phylogenetic diversity. The model approach quantifies a direct link between a measure of the evolutionary diversity of species and their interactive contribution to ecosystem function. It proves a useful tool in developing a mechanistic understanding of variation in ecosystem function.
|
['Biodiversity', 'Biomass', 'Models, Biological', 'Models, Statistical', 'Phylogeny', 'Poaceae']
| 21,870,611
|
[['G16.500.275.157.049', 'N06.230.124.049'], ['G16.500.275.157.100', 'N06.230.124.100'], ['E05.599.395'], ['E05.318.740.500', 'E05.599.835', 'N05.715.360.750.530', 'N06.850.520.830.500'], ['G05.697', 'G16.075.605', 'L01.100.697'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.822']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Seven-Year Surveillance of the Clinical Performance of a Blood Glucose Test Strip Product.
|
BACKGROUND: A key approach in enabling people with diabetes to better manage their condition is through self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG). Any functional SMBG system should demonstrate clinical accuracy across a broad glucose range and be insensitive to hematocrit. Furthermore, it should be incumbent on the manufacturer to demonstrate that their product continues to meet clinical accuracy claims during product lifetime.METHODS: Test strips from a globally distributed SMBG product were sampled from randomly selected production batches as part of the manufacturer's routine product evaluation process. Clinical accuracy was assessed within diabetes patients at 3 clinic sites against a standard reference method and evaluated against system accuracy in accordance with the ISO 15197:2015 standard (unchanged from ISO 15197:2013 in terms of performance specifications). Data were collected over 7 years (2010-2016) and comprised 73,600 individual glucose results. Overall clinic performance was assessed, as was accuracy at low and high glucose levels and extremes of hematocrit.RESULTS: Across the 7-year surveillance period, overall test strip clinical accuracy was 97.8% versus the 95% ISO-defined minimum criterion with by-year values of 97.0-98.6%. Accuracy at the lowest (?50 mg/dL) and highest (>400 mg/dL) ranges of glucose was 97.0% and 98.3% respectively. Within these low/high blood glucose subpopulations, accuracy at the lower and upper first percentile hematocrit ranges, was 98.9%, and 97.1% respectively.CONCLUSIONS: This 7-year surveillance program showed the test strips to have excellent clinical accuracy at the outer ranges of subject blood glucose and hematocrit, based on assessment against the ISO 15197:2015 clinical accuracy criterion.
|
['Biomarkers', 'Blood Glucose', 'Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring', 'Diabetes Mellitus', 'Hematocrit', 'Humans', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Product Surveillance, Postmarketing', 'Reagent Strips', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Time Factors', 'United Kingdom']
| 28,406,040
|
[['D23.101'], ['D09.947.875.359.448.500'], ['E01.370.225.124.100.105', 'E01.370.374.100', 'E01.370.520.100', 'E02.900.950.500', 'E05.200.124.100.105'], ['C18.452.394.750', 'C19.246'], ['E01.370.225.625.400', 'E05.200.625.400', 'G09.188.370.374'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.370.800.650', 'N05.715.360.325.700.640', 'N06.850.520.445.800.650'], ['E05.337.800'], ['D27.505.259.875.680', 'D27.720.470.410.680.680', 'E07.720.720'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['G01.910.857'], ['Z01.542.363']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
On-line structure characterization of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in Onosma stellulatum and Emilia coccinea by liquid chromatography-ion-trap mass spectrometry.
|
On-line structure characterization of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in two various plant species (Onosma stellulatum W.K., family Boraginaceae and Emilia coccinea Sims., family Compositae) was performed by a newly elaborated RP-HPLC ion trap MS method with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) interface. Different PAs (N-oxides, free bases, otonecine alkaloids) isolated were separated on Waters XTerra C18 column using a gradient elution. The combination of a CE-SPE with multiple isolation and fragmentation steps for specific masses in ion trap MS detector enabled fast and sensitive analysis of various types of PAs (N-oxides and free bases). In O. stellulatum, spectra 12 various types of structures (13 different alkaloids) have been determined for the first time: leptanthine-N-oxide, lycopsamine-N-oxide, heliospathuline, lycopsamine, trachelanthamine-N-oxide, dihydroechinatine, leptanthine, heliospathuline-N-oxide, 7-acetylintermedine, uplandicine, echimidine and echimidine-N-oxide. In E. coccinea, the following types of PAs were found: platyphylline-N-oxide, platyphylline (three stereoisomers with the same MS(n) spectrum), ligularidine, neoligularidine, neosenkirkine and also previously reported senkirkine. The method elaborated can be applied in the structural analysis of PAs in newly examined plant materials or food products but further analysis is needed to determine the stereochemistry in details.
|
['Asteraceae', 'Boraginaceae', 'Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'Mass Spectrometry', 'Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids', 'Sensitivity and Specificity']
| 15,595,537
|
[['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.100'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.150'], ['E05.196.181.400.300'], ['E05.196.566'], ['D03.132.716', 'D03.633.100.772'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Triggering Fc alpha-receptor I (CD89) recruits neutrophils as effector cells for CD20-directed antibody therapy.
|
CD20 Abs induce clinical responses in lymphoma patients, but there are considerable differences between individual patients. In (51)Cr release assays with whole blood as effector source, RAJI cells were effectively killed by a mouse/human chimeric IgG1 construct of CD20 Ab 1F5, whereas ARH-77 proved resistant to killing by this Ab. When whole blood was fractionated into plasma, mononuclear cells, or granulocytic effector cells, RAJI cells were effectively killed in the presence of complement-containing plasma, whereas the mature B cell line ARH-77 proved complement resistant. However, with a bispecific Ab (BsAb) against the myeloid receptor for IgA (CD89; FcalphaRI) and CD20, a broad range of B cell lines were effectively killed. FcalphaRI is expressed on monocytes/macrophages, neutrophils, and eosinophils. As the numbers of these effector cells and their functional activity can be enhanced by application of G-CSF or GM-CSF, lysis via (FcalphaRI x CD20) BsAb was significantly enhanced in blood from patients during therapy with these myeloid growth factors. Interestingly, the major effector cell population for this BsAb were polymorphonuclear neutrophils, which proved ineffective in killing malignant B cells with murine, chimeric IgG1, or FcgammaRI- or FcgammaRIII-directed BsAbs against CD20. Experiments with blood from human FcalphaRI/FcgammaRI double-transgenic mice showed corresponding results, allowing the establishment of relevant syngenic animal models in these mice. In conclusion, the combination of myeloid growth factors and an (FcalphaRI x CD20) BsAb may represent a promising approach to improve effector cell recruitment for CD20-directed lymphoma therapy.
|
['Animals', 'Antibodies, Bispecific', 'Antibodies, Monoclonal', 'Antibodies, Neoplasm', 'Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity', 'Antigens, CD', 'Antigens, CD20', 'Antineoplastic Agents', 'Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor', 'Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor', 'Growth Inhibitors', 'Humans', 'Immunoglobulin A', 'Immunoglobulin G', 'Lymphoma, B-Cell', 'Mice', 'Mice, Transgenic', 'Neutrophil Infiltration', 'Receptors, Fc', 'Receptors, IgG', 'Recombinant Fusion Proteins', 'Tumor Cells, Cultured']
| 11,067,958
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.125', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.134', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.134'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.240', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.240', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.240'], ['G12.287.070'], ['D23.050.301.264.035', 'D23.101.100.110'], ['D23.050.301.264.035.120', 'D23.050.301.264.051.120', 'D23.101.100.110.120', 'D23.101.100.150.120'], ['D27.505.954.248'], ['D12.644.276.374.410.240.350', 'D12.776.395.240.200', 'D12.776.467.374.410.240.350', 'D23.529.374.410.240.350'], ['D12.644.276.374.410.240.375', 'D12.776.395.240.300', 'D12.776.467.374.410.240.375', 'D23.529.374.410.240.375'], ['D27.505.696.377.450'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.619.026', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.619.026', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.619.026'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.619.393', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.619.393', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.619.393'], ['C04.557.386.480.150', 'C15.604.515.569.480.150', 'C20.683.515.761.480.150'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.136.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800'], ['G12.632'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.871'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.871.300'], ['D12.776.828.300'], ['A11.251.860']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Inquiries into homicides and serious violence perpetrated by psychiatric patients in New Zealand: need for consistency of method and result analysis.
|
BACKGROUND: The violent action of mentally ill people is a source of considerable public and professional concern. At times such incidents are subject to inquiry. In England and Wales, homicides by people suffering from mental illness are subject to mandatory external inquiry. Further, the Royal College of Psychiatrists coordinates a confidential research study into homicide and suicide by people in contact with mental health services. Inquiries have raised concern regarding widespread problems in mental health service delivery. Within New Zealand, similar concerns have been raised, but inquiries have been irregular and not of consistent methodology. The paper aims to review 10 years of inquiries into violent incidents to describe their methods, structure and findings.METHOD: All inquiries into violent actions perpetrated by patients in contact with mental health services between 1988 and 1998 and held by the Ministry of Health were reviewed. The nature of the inquiry, the incident, findings and recommendations were summarized. For each inquiry, an assessment was made as to whether the incident was predictable or preventable.RESULTS: There were 11 incidents leading to 13 inquiries, six of homicide, two of rape, one of the release of a dangerous patient and two in which a patient was shot by police. Two internal inquiries were followed by external inquiries. All inquiries found deficiencies of varying severity, the degree of deficiency being greater with external inquiries. Consistent criticisms related to skill, resource, coordination and communication failures. Two of the 11 inquiries found the incident to be 'predictable', and eight to have been 'preventable'.CONCLUSIONS: The problems in New Zealand are similar to those noted in England and Wales. Small numbers of inquiries make firm conclusions difficult, but the authors feel that a mandatory process of independent review of serious incidents is wise.
|
['Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Dangerous Behavior', 'Homicide', 'Humans', 'Mental Disorders', 'Mental Health Services', 'New Zealand', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Risk Assessment', 'Violence']
| 11,437,811
|
[['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['F01.145.263', 'I01.880.735.223'], ['I01.198.240.470', 'I01.880.735.344'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F03'], ['F04.408', 'N02.421.461'], ['Z01.639.760.747', 'Z01.678.100.747'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.715', 'N04.452.871.715', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.690', 'N06.850.505.715', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.715'], ['I01.198.240.856', 'I01.880.735.900']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Bioinert Anodic Alumina Nanotubes for Targeting of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Autophagic Signaling: A Combinatorial Nanotube-Based Drug Delivery System for Enhancing Cancer Therapy.
|
Although nanoparticle-based targeted delivery systems have gained promising achievements for cancer therapy, the development of sophisticated strategies with effective combinatorial therapies remains an enduring challenge. Herein, we report the fabrication of a novel nanomaterial, so-called anodic alumina nanotubes (AANTs) for proof-of-concept cancer therapy by targeting cell signaling networks. This strategy is to target autophagic and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress signaling by using thapsigargin (TG)-loaded AANTs cotreated with an autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA). We first show that AANTs are nontoxic and can activate autophagy in different cell types including human fibroblast cells (HFF), human monocyte cells (THP-1), and human breast cancer cells (MDA-MB 231-TXSA). Treatment with 3-MA at a nontoxic dose reduced the level of autophagy induced by AANTs, and consequently sensitized breast cancer cells to AANTs-induced cellular stresses. To target autophagic and ER stress signaling networking, breast cancer cells were treated with 3-MA together with AANTs loaded with the prototype ER stress inducer TG. We demonstrated that 3-MA enhanced the cancer cell killing effect of AANTs loaded with TG. This effect was associated with enhanced ER stress signaling due to the combination effect of TG and 3-MA. These findings not only demonstrate the excellent biocompatibility of AANTs as novel biomaterials but also provide new opportunities for developing ER- and autophagy-targeted delivery systems for future clinical cancer therapy.
|
['Aluminum Oxide', 'Animals', 'Autophagy', 'Catalysis', 'Dopamine', 'Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress', 'Gold', 'Humans', 'Metal Nanoparticles', 'Nanotubes', 'Serotonin', 'Signal Transduction']
| 26,556,288
|
[['D01.056.050', 'D01.650.550.050'], ['B01.050'], ['G04.011'], ['G02.130'], ['D02.092.211.215.406', 'D02.092.311.342', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.175.342'], ['G04.434'], ['D01.268.556.322', 'D01.268.956.186', 'D01.552.544.322'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['J01.637.512.600.500'], ['J01.637.512.850'], ['D02.092.211.215.801.852', 'D03.633.100.473.914.814', 'D23.469.050.650'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Double sliding-window technique: a new method to calculate the neuronal response onset latency.
|
Neuronal response onset latency provides important data on the information processing within the central nervous system. In order to enhance the quality of the onset latency estimation, we have developed a 'double sliding-window' technique, which combines the advantages of mathematical methods with the reliability of standard statistical processes. This method is based on repetitive series of statistical probes between two virtual time windows. The layout of the significance curve reveals the starting points of changes in neuronal activity in the form of break-points between linear segments. A second-order difference function is applied to determine the position of maximum slope change, which corresponds to the onset of the response. In comparison with Poisson spike-train analysis, the cumulative sum technique and the method of Falzett et al., this 'double sliding-window, technique seems to be a more accurate automated procedure to calculate the response onset latency of a broad range of neuronal response characteristics.
|
['Algorithms', 'Animals', 'Cats', 'Computer Simulation', 'Data Interpretation, Statistical', 'Evoked Potentials, Visual', 'Models, Neurological', 'Models, Statistical', 'Neurons', 'Poisson Distribution']
| 17,900,542
|
[['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.377.750.250.125'], ['L01.224.160'], ['E05.245.380', 'E05.318.740.300', 'L01.313.500.750.190.380', 'N05.715.360.750.300', 'N06.850.520.830.300'], ['G07.265.216.500.425', 'G11.561.200.500.425', 'G14.330'], ['E05.599.395.642'], ['E05.318.740.500', 'E05.599.835', 'N05.715.360.750.530', 'N06.850.520.830.500'], ['A08.675', 'A11.671'], ['E05.318.740.994.750', 'G17.820.750', 'N05.715.360.750.750.620', 'N06.850.520.830.994.750']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
[Effect of collagen peptides from walleye pollock skin on bone microstructure of ovariectomized rats].
|
Objective: To investigate the effect of collagen peptides from walleye pollock skin on the microstructure of osteoporosis model in ovariectomized rats, and to explore the feasibility of preventing and treating oste- oporosis.Methods: Sixty adult Wistar female rats, weighing (250±10) g, were randomly divided into 5 groups (12 rats each group): normal group (group A), osteoporosis model group (group B), osteoporosis model+collagen peptides from walleye pollock skin prevention group (group C), osteoporosis model+low concentration of collagen peptides from walleye pollock skin treatment group (group D), and osteoporosis model+high concentration of collagen peptides from walleye pollock skin treatment group (group E). The rats in groups B, C, D, and E were removed bilateral ovarian to establish osteoporosis model. The rats in group C were treated with stomach perfusion of the collagen peptides from walleye pollock skin (1.0 g/kg) from 4 weeks after operation for 6 weeks; and the rats in groups D and E were treated with stomach perfusion of the collagen peptides from walleye pollock skin (0.5, 1.0 g/kg respectively) at 6 weeks after operation for 6 weeks. The rats in groups A and B were given equal volume of normal saline at the same time after operation. At 24 hours after the last administration, the femoral gray value of rats in groups A and B were measured by X-ray film; HE staining was performed on the proximal tibial bone of the left side in 4 groups; the histopathological changes of the bone were observed and the trabecular number (TN), mean trabecular plate thickness (MTPT), mean trabecular plate spacing (MTPS), trabecular bone volume (TBV), mean bone cortical thickness (MBCT) were measured; immunohistochemical staining was performed to observe the expression levels of caltitonin receptor (CTR) and interleukin 1 (IL-1).Results: The femoral gray value of group B was significantly lower than that of group A ( t=45.130, P=0.000), which indicated that the ovariectomized rat model was successfully prepared. Histological observation showed that TN, MTPS, TBV, and MBCT in groups A, C, and E were significantly different from those in group B ( P<0.05). The histological parameters of bone tissue in group C were significantly different from those in groups D and E ( P<0.05). TN, MTPS, TBV, and MBCT in group D were significantly different from those in group A ( P<0.05); only MTPS in group E was significantly different from that in group A ( P<0.05). MTPS, TBV, and MBCT in group E were significantly different from those in group D ( P<0.05). The immunohistochemical staining showed that the levels of CTR and IL-1 in groups A, C, D, and E were lower than those in group B, in groups C and E were lower than in group D, showing significant differences ( P<0.05).Conclusion: Collagen peptides from walleye pollock skin can improve the bone microstructure of osteoporotic rats, and its mechanism may be related to the inhibition of CTR and IL-1 expression in bone tissue, but it has not been found to prevent osteoporosis.
|
['Animals', 'Bone Density', 'Collagen', 'Female', 'Fishes', 'Osteoporosis', 'Ovariectomy', 'Peptides', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Rats, Wistar']
| 29,806,323
|
[['B01.050'], ['G11.427.100'], ['D05.750.078.280', 'D12.776.860.300.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.493'], ['C05.116.198.579', 'C18.452.104.579'], ['E04.270.282.685', 'E04.950.165.685', 'E04.950.300.680'], ['D12.644'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Analysis of the Time-Concentration-Mortality Response of Nilaparvata lugens (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) to Paichongding.
|
Paichongding is an adicyclicnitromethylene neonicotinoid insecticide with a cis-configuration. Bioassay of paichongding was conducted against Nilaparvata lugens St?l under a laboratory condition. Mortality of N. lugens was analyzed by time-concentration-mortality (TCM) regressions based on the complementary log-log (CLL) model. The conditional mortalities of test individuals increased with the exposure time after treatments with different concentrations, showing that the speed of insecticidal action is concentration dependent. Meanwhile, the conditional mortalities of N. lugens increased as the concentrations of paichongding increased for all developmental stages from instars I-II to macropterous females. Correspondingly, LC(50) and LC90 values to N. lugens gradually decreased with the developmental stages, in which instars I-II were the most sensitive to paichongding, with LC(50) values of 6.31, 0.45, 0.09, and 0.03 mg/liter for 24, 48, 72, and 96 h after treatments, respectively, while macropterous females were the least sensitive among all developmental stages, with LC(50) values of 309.03, 11.48, 1.35, and 0.19 mg/liter at 24, 48, 72, and 96 h after the treatments, respectively. The time-concentration-mortality modeling was mathematically and biologically robust to evaluate the effects of paichongding on N. lugens. The results suggest that paichongding would be an effective alternative pesticide for controlling N. lugens considering its potent effects.
|
['Animals', 'Azabicyclo Compounds', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Female', 'Hemiptera', 'Insecticides', 'Lethal Dose 50', 'Male', 'Nymph', 'Pyridines', 'Time Factors']
| 26,470,347
|
[['B01.050'], ['D02.145.074', 'D03.605.084.500'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['B01.050.500.131.617.412'], ['D27.720.031.700.491', 'D27.888.723.491'], ['E05.940.402', 'G07.225.500', 'G07.690.773.875.750', 'G07.690.936.500.750'], ['B05.500.650', 'G07.345.500.550.500.650'], ['D03.383.725'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Up-regulation of hERG K⁺ channels by B-RAF.
|
Human ether-a-go-go related-gene K⁺ channels (hERG) participate in the regulation of tumor cell proliferation and apoptosis. HERG channel activity is up-regulated by growth factors. Kinases sensitive to growth factor signaling include the serine/threonine protein kinase B-RAF. The present study thus explored whether B-RAF influences hERG channel expression and activity. To this end, hERG channels were expressed in Xenopus oocytes with or without wild-type B-RAF, hERG channel activity was determined utilizing dual-electrode voltage clamp and hERG protein abundance in the cell membrane was analyzed utilizing confocal microscopy as well as chemiluminescence. Moreover, in rhabdomyosarcoma RD cells the effect of B-RAF inhibitor PLX-4720 on hERG-mediated current was quantified by whole-cell patch clamp and hERG cell surface protein abundance by utilizing biotinylation of cell surface proteins as well as flow cytometry. As a result, co-expression of wild-type B-RAF in hERG-expressing Xenopus oocytes significantly increased hERG channel activity and hERG channel protein abundance in the cell membrane. Treatment for 24 hours of B-RAF and hERG-expressing Xenopus oocytes with B-RAF inhibitor PLX-4720 (10 µM) significantly decreased hERG-mediated current and hERG cell surface expression. Similarly, in rhabdomyosarcoma RD cells, treatment for 24 hours with B-RAF inhibitor PLX-4720 significantly decreased hERG cell membrane protein abundance and hERG-mediated current. In conclusion, B-RAF is a powerful regulator of hERG channel activity and cell surface hERG protein abundance.
|
['Animals', 'Ether-A-Go-Go Potassium Channels', 'Flow Cytometry', 'Humans', 'Indoles', 'Luminescent Measurements', 'Microscopy, Confocal', 'Oocytes', 'Patch-Clamp Techniques', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf', 'Sulfonamides', 'Up-Regulation', 'Xenopus']
| 24,475,291
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.776.157.530.400.600.900.249', 'D12.776.543.550.450.750.900.249', 'D12.776.543.585.400.750.900.249'], ['E01.370.225.500.363.342', 'E01.370.225.500.386.350', 'E05.196.712.516.600.240.350', 'E05.200.500.363.342', 'E05.200.500.386.350', 'E05.242.363.342', 'E05.242.386.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D03.633.100.473'], ['E05.196.712.516'], ['E01.370.350.515.395', 'E05.595.395'], ['A05.360.490.690.680', 'A11.497.497.600'], ['E05.200.500.905', 'E05.242.800'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.559.842.374', 'D12.644.360.400.842.374', 'D12.776.476.400.842.437', 'D12.776.624.664.700.204.200'], ['D02.065.884', 'D02.886.590.700'], ['G02.111.905', 'G05.308.850', 'G07.690.773.998'], ['B01.050.150.900.090.180.610.500']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Experimental studies of schistosomal pigment from Schistosoma japonicum.
|
The schistosomal and malarial pigments were distinguishable before and after extraction from the host liver. Presence of iron in both pigments was ascertained by the elemental X-ray analysis. Histochemically, however, schistosomal pigment was similar to that of malarial pigment.
|
['Histocytochemistry', 'Pigments, Biological', 'Plasmodium berghei', 'Schistosoma japonicum']
| 374,107
|
[]
|
[]
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
A quantitative method for evaluation of FGF family and FGF receptor family gene expression by RT-PCR.
|
The reverse transcription linked polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is a powerful technique for detecting mRNAs of low abundance while enabling distinction between homologous mRNAs such as family members and between alternative splice variants. We utilized this technique for quantitative analysis of expression of nine fibroblast growth factor (FGF) and four FGF receptor (FGFR) family genes in mouse brain during development and adulthood. The primer sets and reaction conditions for each family member were optimized for efficient amplification, and the amplified products were detected by hybridization with specific probes to ensure specificity. To achieve quantitative measurement, serial concentrations of the cloned cDNAs were simultaneously amplified and the results were used to titrate the amount of mRNA in the samples. Since FGF family has been recently recognized to be important in various functions of central nervous system and the protocol described here is directly applicable for a variety of small tissue samples, this protocol is very helpful in understanding the involvement of FGF family in various physiological phenomena.
|
['Animals', 'Brain', 'DNA, Complementary', 'Female', 'Fibroblast Growth Factors', 'Gene Expression', 'Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenases', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred ICR', 'Multigene Family', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Receptors, Fibroblast Growth Factor', 'Transcription, Genetic']
| 9,385,055
|
[['B01.050'], ['A08.186.211'], ['D13.444.308.497.220', 'D13.444.600.223.500', 'D27.720.470.530.600.223.260'], ['D12.644.276.624', 'D12.776.467.624', 'D23.529.624'], ['G05.297'], ['D08.811.682.657.163.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.510', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.510'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.645'], ['E05.393.620.500'], ['D12.776.543.750.750.400.370'], ['G02.111.873', 'G05.297.700']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Assessment and treatment of spastic equinovarus foot after stroke: Guidance from the Mont-Godinne interdisciplinary group.
|
OBJECTIVE: To present interdisciplinary practical guidance for the assessment and treatment of spastic equinovarus foot after stroke.RESULTS: Clinical examination and diagnostic nerve block with anaesthetics determine the relative role of the factors leading to spastic equinovarus foot after stroke: calf spasticity, triceps surae - Achilles tendon complex shortening and dorsiflexor muscles weakness and/or imbalance. Diagnostic nerve block is a mandatory step in determining the cause(s) of, and the most appropriate treatment(s) for, spastic equinovarus foot. Based on interdisciplinary discussion, and according to a patient-oriented goal approach, a medical and/or surgical treatment plan is proposed in association with a rehabilitation programme. Spasticity is treated with botulinum toxin or phenol-alcohol chemodenervation and neurotomy, shortening is treated by stretching and muscle-tendon lengthening, and weakness is treated by ankle-foot orthosis, functional electrical stimulation and tendon transfer. These treatments are frequently combined.CONCLUSION: Based on 20 years of interdisciplinary expertise of management of the spastic foot, guidance was established to clarify a complex problem in order to help clinicians treat spastic equinovarus foot. This work should be the first step in a more global international consensus.
|
['Clubfoot', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Muscle Spasticity', 'Stroke']
| 28,451,697
|
[['C05.330.488.655.063', 'C05.330.495.681.063', 'C05.660.585.512.380.813.063', 'C16.131.621.585.512.500.681.063'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C05.651.512', 'C10.597.613.550.550', 'C23.888.592.608.550.550'], ['C10.228.140.300.775', 'C14.907.253.855']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Anti-edematous, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effect of etanercept in acute stage in experimental head injury.
|
BACKGROUND: To study the anti-edematous, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective effect of etanercept in the model of experimental head injury.METHODS: In this study, 40 male-adult Spraque-Dawley rats, with weight ranging from 250g to 300g, were used. The rats are divided into groups as control; non-penetrating trauma; trauma +NS; post-traumatic normal saline; trauma + D; post-traumatic dexamethasone and trauma + E. All medicines were given into peritoneum. After applying trauma and medicine, rats were decapitated in the 24th hour and the samples were studied histopathologically.RESULTS: In the study, a statistically significant difference was observed between the groups of trauma + NS and trauma dexamethasone according to the variables of edema and inflammation, but no difference was observed according to the variables of neuronal damage, astrocytic damage, and glial apoptosis. Moreover, a significant difference was observed between groups of Trauma + NS and trauma+etanercept and between the groups of trauma + dexamethasone and trauma + etanercept in terms of all variables.CONCLUSION: It was observed that etanercept has anti-edematous, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective effect on the rats which experienced traumatic brain injury.
|
['Animals', 'Anti-Inflammatory Agents', 'Brain', 'Craniocerebral Trauma', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Etanercept', 'Male', 'Neuroprotective Agents', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley']
| 28,530,785
|
[['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.158'], ['A08.186.211'], ['C10.900.300', 'C26.915.300'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['D12.644.541.500.697.624', 'D12.776.124.486.485.538.500.624', 'D12.776.124.486.485.680.697.624', 'D12.776.124.790.651.538.500.624', 'D12.776.124.790.651.680.660.624', 'D12.776.377.715.548.538.500.624', 'D12.776.377.715.548.680.660.624', 'D12.776.543.750.705.852.760.232'], ['D27.505.696.706.548', 'D27.505.954.427.575'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Results of chemotherapy for cats with alimentary malignant lymphoma: 21 cases (1993-1997)
|
OBJECTIVE: To determine clinical and pathologic findings in cats with alimentary malignant lymphoma and results of treatment with a combination of prednisone, L-asparaginase, vincristine, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and methotrexate.DESIGN: Retrospective study.ANIMALS: 21 cats with alimentary malignant lymphoma.PROCEDURE: Medical records were reviewed, and information on signalment, clinical history and signs, previous treatments, and results of laboratory tests, thoracic radiography, and abdominal ultrasonography were obtained.RESULTS: Test results in all cats were negative for FeLV; 3 of 19 were positive for feline immunodeficiency virus. Thirteen tumors were stage III, 7 were stage IV, and 1 was stage V. Diagnosis was confirmed on the basis of microscopic examination of histologic (n = 13) or cytologic (8) specimens. Immunophenotyping was performed on 13 tumors; 10 were T-cell and 3 were B-cell lymphomas. Overall median duration of first remission was 20 weeks. Overall median survival time was 40 weeks. The only factor significantly associated with duration of first remission was whether cats had a complete response following induction chemotherapy; duration of first remission was significantly associated with survival time. Cats tolerated treatment well; only 1 cat had a delay in the treatment schedule because of neutropenia.CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Use of a multidrug chemotherapeutic protocol that includes L-asparaginase and doxorubicin results in minimal adverse effects and prolonged survival times in cats with alimentary malignant lymphoma.
|
['Animals', 'Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols', 'Asparaginase', 'Cat Diseases', 'Cats', 'Cyclophosphamide', 'Digestive System Neoplasms', 'Doxorubicin', 'Female', 'Immunophenotyping', 'Lymphoma', 'Male', 'Methotrexate', 'Neoplasm Staging', 'Prednisone', 'Remission Induction', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Survival Analysis', 'Time Factors', 'Vincristine']
| 9,787,382
|
[['B01.050'], ['E02.183.750.500', 'E02.319.077.500', 'E02.319.310.037'], ['D08.811.277.087.116'], ['C22.180'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.377.750.250.125'], ['D02.455.526.728.650.730.243', 'D02.705.672.500.243'], ['C04.588.274', 'C06.301'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.562.050.200.175', 'D04.615.562.050.200.175', 'D09.408.051.059.200.175'], ['E01.370.225.812.447', 'E05.200.812.447', 'E05.478.594.450'], ['C04.557.386', 'C15.604.515.569', 'C20.683.515.761'], ['D03.633.100.733.631.192.500'], ['E01.789.625'], ['D04.210.500.745.432.719.702'], ['E02.860'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.740.998', 'N05.715.360.750.795', 'N06.850.520.830.998'], ['G01.910.857'], ['D03.132.436.681.827.817', 'D03.633.100.473.402.681.827.817', 'D03.633.100.496.500.500.681.827.817']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Case 253: Thrombosed Umbilical Venous Varix in an Infant.
|
History A 3-month-old previously healthy girl presented to an outside institution with a 4-day history of low-grade fever, irritability, and a tender "knot" in the upper abdomen. Ultrasonography (US) was performed at an outside hospital. US images were not available for review; however, they showed a mass in the left hepatic lobe, per the outside report, and the patient was referred to our institution for further evaluation. Her parents reported a normal full-term pregnancy, with regular prenatal care and normal prenatal US findings. The baby was born after an uncomplicated gestation. She was delivered at term via an uncomplicated cesarean section due to a maternal history of cesarean section. The perinatal course was uncomplicated, and there was no history of umbilical catheterization, per the parents. On arrival at our institution, the patient had a temperature of 38.2°C. All other vital signs were normal. Palpation revealed a tender and firm mass in the periumbilical region; otherwise, physical examination findings were normal. Results of laboratory work-up were normal, except for elevated white blood cell count (26 600/mm3 [26.6 ? 109/L]; normal, 6000-17 500/mm3 [6-17.5 ? 109/L]). The patient underwent US followed by intravenous contrast material-enhanced (10 mL ioversol, Optiray 320; Medtronic, Santa Rosa, Calif) computed tomography (CT) on the same day.
|
['Amoxicillin', 'Anti-Bacterial Agents', 'Female', 'Fever', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Ultrasonography, Doppler', 'Umbilical Veins', 'Varicose Veins', 'Venous Thrombosis']
| 29,668,410
|
[['D02.065.589.099.750.750.050.050', 'D02.886.108.750.750.050.050', 'D03.633.100.300.750.750.050.050'], ['D27.505.954.122.085'], ['C23.888.119.344'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['E01.370.350.850.850'], ['A07.015.908.670.874', 'A16.378.693.807'], ['C14.907.927'], ['C14.907.355.830.925']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Oxidative stress in the brain of nicotine-induced toxicity: protective role of Andrographis paniculata Nees and vitamin E.
|
Mitochondria are the crossroads of several crucial cellular activities; they produce considerable quantities of superoxide radical and hydrogen peroxide, which can damage important macromolecules. Nicotine affects a variety of cellular processes, from induction of gene expression to modulation of enzymatic activities. The aim of this study was to elucidate the protective effects of andrographolide (ANDRO) aqueous extract (AE-Ap) of Andrographis paniculata, and vitamin E on nicotine-induced brain mitochondria. In this investigation, nicotine (1 mg.kg body mass-1.day-1) was treated, for the period of 7 days, simultaneously with 2 A. paniculata products, ANDRO and AE-Ap (250 mg.kg body mass-1.day-1); and vitamin E (50 mg.kg body mass-1.day-1) was supplemented in different group of male Wistar rats. The activities of mitochondrial electron transport chain (Mito-ETC) complexes (I, II, III), nitric oxide production, superoxide anion, catalase, glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione-S-transferase, and concentrations of reduced glutathione and oxidized glutathione were measured in discrete regions of brain (the cerebral hemisphere, cerebellum, diencephalons, and brain stem). The study revealed that nicotine inhibits the Mito-ETC complexes and produces nitric oxide, which suppressed the mitochondrial oxidative stress scavenger system in different brain regions. In these circumstances, lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation were noted in different discrete regions of brain mitochondria. ANDRO, AE-Ap, and vitamin E showed the protective potentiality against nicotine toxicity. The analysis of such alterations is important in determining the basis of normal dysfunction in the brain associated with nicotine toxicity, which could be ameliorated by A. paniculata and vitamin E, and may help to develop therapeutic means against nicotine-induced disorders.
|
['Andrographis', 'Animals', 'Antioxidants', 'Brain', 'Diterpenes', 'Electron Transport Chain Complex Proteins', 'Enzymes', 'Glutathione', 'Glutathione Disulfide', 'Lipid Peroxidation', 'Male', 'Mitochondria', 'Neuroprotective Agents', 'Nicotine', 'Nicotinic Agonists', 'Nitric Oxide', 'Oxidative Stress', 'Plant Components, Aerial', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Vitamin E']
| 19,370,042
|
[['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.583.040.044'], ['B01.050'], ['D27.505.519.217', 'D27.505.696.706.125', 'D27.720.799.047'], ['A08.186.211'], ['D02.455.849.291'], ['D08.811.600.250', 'D12.776.543.277'], ['D08.811'], ['D12.644.456.448'], ['D12.644.456.448.500'], ['G02.111.515', 'G03.295.531.587'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.564', 'A11.284.835.626'], ['D27.505.696.706.548', 'D27.505.954.427.575'], ['D03.132.760.570', 'D03.383.725.518'], ['D27.505.519.625.120.140.700', 'D27.505.696.577.120.140.700'], ['D01.339.387', 'D01.625.550.500', 'D01.625.700.500', 'D01.650.550.587.600'], ['G03.673', 'G07.775.750'], ['A18.024'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900'], ['D03.383.663.283.909', 'D03.633.100.150.909']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
An ecological study of glee in small groups of preschool children.
|
A phenomenon called group glee was studied in videotpes of 596 formal lessons in a preschool. This was characterized by joyful screaming, laughing, and intense physical acts which occurred in simultaneous bursts or which spread in a contagious fashion from one child to another. A variety of precipitating factors were identified, the most prevalent being teacher requests for volunteers, unstructured lags in lessons, gross physical-motor actions, and cognitive incongruities. Distinctions between group glee and laughter were pointed out. While most events of glee did not disrupt the ongoing lesson, those which did tended to produce a protective reaction on the part of teachers. Group glee tended to occur most often in large groups (7-9 children) and in groups containing both sexes. The latter finding was related to Darwin's theory of differentiating vocal signals in animals and man.
|
['Child, Preschool', 'Female', 'Group Processes', 'Happiness', 'Humans', 'Laughter', 'Male', 'Motor Activity', 'Schools, Nursery', 'Sex Factors', 'Social Environment', 'Teaching', 'Time Factors', 'Videotape Recording']
| 1,132,281
|
[['M01.060.406.448'], ['F01.829.316'], ['F01.470.516'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.145.209.530.614'], ['F01.145.632', 'G11.427.410.698'], ['I02.783.660', 'J03.832.660'], ['N05.715.350.675', 'N06.850.490.875'], ['I01.880.853.500'], ['I02.903'], ['G01.910.857'], ['J01.897.280.500.846.734', 'J01.897.280.500.898.840', 'L01.178.590.875.840', 'L01.178.820.090.846.734', 'L01.178.820.090.898.840', 'L01.280.940.840', 'L01.280.960.880']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Predictors of bleeding and user satisfaction during consecutive use of the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system.
|
BACKGROUND: Consecutive use of the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) is increasing. However, little is known about factors that predict the bleeding during consecutive use. The objective of this study was to analyse the possible factors which may predict the bleeding pattern during the first year of use of a second LNG-IUS.METHODS: Fertile-aged women (n = 204) who had used their first LNG-IUS for over 4 years and who opted for a second LNG-IUS were recruited. Bleeding data were reported using 90-day reference periods (RPs) starting from the last 90 days of the first LNG-IUS use (baseline), until the end of the first year of the second LNG-IUS (RPs 1-4).RESULTS: Demographic factors such as age, parity, body mass index, indication of LNG-IUS use or smoking could not be identified as predictors for bleeding and spotting (B/S). Mean (+/-SD) number of B/S days was 8.9 (+/-9.1) at baseline. This increased slightly during RP1 and fell to 6.4 (+/-8.1) during RP4. Compared with the mean, women with uterine fibroids or a bleeding pattern of >9 days of spotting or any bleeding at RP1 had more B/S days during RP1-4. Although the number of B/S days decreased progressively from RP1 to RP4 in the group with a bleeding pattern of >9 days of spotting or any bleeding at baseline, such a phenomenon was not observed for women with fibroids. The difference for the change in B/S days between women with and without fibroids was statistically significant at RP3 and RP4. A high degree (91.7%) of satisfaction with the bleeding pattern was observed, with amenorrhoeic women being most satisfied.CONCLUSIONS: Uterine B/S is reduced during consecutive use of the LNG-IUS. Women with uterine fibroids or any bleeding at baseline continued to have more B/S than other women.
|
['Adult', 'Age Factors', 'Female', 'Health Surveys', 'Humans', 'Intrauterine Devices, Medicated', 'Levonorgestrel', 'Metrorrhagia', 'Patient Satisfaction', 'Prospective Studies', 'Surveys and Questionnaires']
| 20,378,611
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['E05.318.308.980.438', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E07.190.250.510.520'], ['D04.210.500.668.651.693.762.450'], ['C13.351.500.852.691.622', 'C23.550.414.993.700'], ['F01.100.150.750.625', 'F01.145.488.887.625', 'N04.452.822.700', 'N05.300.150.800.625', 'N05.715.360.600'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
A pilot study on quality of artesunate and amodiaquine tablets used in the fishing community of Tema, Ghana.
|
BACKGROUND: The ineffectiveness of artesunate and amodiaquine tablets in malaria treatment remains a health burden to WHO and governments of malaria-endemic countries, including Ghana. The proliferation of illegitimate anti-malarial drugs and its use by patients is of primary concern to international and local drug regulatory agencies because such drugs are known to contribute to the development of the malaria-resistant parasites in humans. No data exist on quality of these drugs in the fishing village communities in Ghana although the villagers are likely users of such drugs. A pilot study on the quality of anti-malarial tablets in circulation during the major fishing season at a malarious fishing village located along the coast of Tema in southern Ghana was determined.METHODS: Blisterpacks of anti-malarial tablets were randomly sampled. The International Pharmacopoeia and Global Pharma Health Fund Minilab protocols were used to assess the quality of anti-malarial tablets per blisterpacks allegedly manufactured by Guilin Pharmaceutical Co Ltd, China (GPCL) and Letap Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Ghana (LPL) and sold in chemical sales outlets at Kpone-on-Sea. Ferric chloride and cobaltous thiocyanate tests confirmed the presence of active ingredients in the tablets. A confirmatory test for the active ingredient was achieved with artesunate (ICRS1409) and amodiaquine (ICRS0209) reference standards. A high performance liquid chromatography analysis confirmed the amount of artesunate found in tablets.RESULTS: Based on the International Pharmacopoeia acceptable range of 96/98 to 102% for genuine artesunate per tablet, 10% [relative standard deviation (RSD): 3.2%] of field-selected artesunate blisterpack per tablets manufactured by GPCL, and 50% (RSD: 5.1%) of a similar package per tablet by LPL, passed the titrimetric test. However, 100% (RSD: 2.2%) of amodiaquine blisterpack per tablet by GPCL were found to be within the International Pharmacopeia acceptable range of 90 to 110% for genuine amodiaquine in tablet, whilst 17% of a similar package per tablet by LPL failed spectrophotometric testing.CONCLUSION: Inadequate amounts of artesunate and amodiaquine detected in the tablets suggest that both pharmaceutical companies may not be following recommended drug formulation procedures, or the active pharmaceutical ingredients might have been degraded by improper storage conditions. Thus, drugs being sold at Kpone-on-Sea, Ghana may likely be classified as substandard drugs and not suitable for malaria treatment.
|
['Amodiaquine', 'Antimalarials', 'Artemisinins', 'Artesunate', 'Chemistry Techniques, Analytical', 'Child, Preschool', 'Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'Ghana', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Pilot Projects', 'Quality Control', 'Rural Population', 'Tablets']
| 23,809,666
|
[['D03.633.100.810.050.060'], ['D27.505.954.122.250.100.085'], ['D01.248.497.158.685.750.212', 'D01.339.431.374.212', 'D01.650.550.750.200', 'D02.389.338.055', 'D02.455.849.765.211'], ['D01.248.497.158.685.750.212.500', 'D01.339.431.374.212.500', 'D01.650.550.750.200.500', 'D02.389.338.055.500', 'D02.455.849.765.211.500'], ['E05.196'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['E05.196.181.400.300'], ['Z01.058.290.190.320'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['E05.318.372.750', 'E05.337.737', 'N05.715.360.330.720', 'N06.850.520.450.720'], ['J01.897.608'], ['N01.600.725'], ['D26.255.830']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Validity of the STRATIFY risk score of falls in nursing homes.
|
OBJECTIVE: We investigated the performance of the STRATIFY risk assessment for fall risk in nursing home patients.METHODS: This prospective study was conducted at the nursing home Antonius Binnenweg in Rotterdam from June 1 to December 31, 2000. Subjects included newly admitted patients of whom a STRATIFY score was obtained. Patients were followed for falls during a person-week observation period of 13 weeks. Measurements were age, sex, admission category, STRATIFY score, length of stay and number of falls.RESULTS: Of 120 patients (75 women, 45 men, average age 74.5 years), a STRATIFY score was available. Three months after admission 24 of these patients (20%) had died, 56 patients (47%) had been discharged and 40 (33%) still resided in the nursing home. Of the 120 patients included, 36 patients (30%) had fallen during the observation period. The risk of falling in the patient group with a STRATIFY score of 2 or more was 2.35 (95% confidence interval: 1.22, 4.52) times that of patients with a lower score. The sensitivity of the STRATIFY score was 50% (95% CI: 32, 67), specificity was 76.2% (95% CI: 65, 87.5).CONCLUSION: The STRATIFY risk score of falls gave disappointing results in our setting.
|
['Accidental Falls', 'Aged', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Netherlands', 'Nursing Homes', 'Proportional Hazards Models', 'Prospective Studies', 'Risk Assessment', 'Sensitivity and Specificity']
| 16,297,975
|
[['N06.850.135.122'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.542.651'], ['N02.278.825.610'], ['E05.318.740.500.700', 'E05.318.740.600.700', 'E05.318.740.750.725', 'E05.318.740.998.825', 'E05.599.835.900', 'N05.715.360.750.530.650', 'N05.715.360.750.625.650', 'N05.715.360.750.695.650', 'N05.715.360.750.795.825', 'N06.850.520.830.500.700', 'N06.850.520.830.600.700', 'N06.850.520.830.750.725', 'N06.850.520.830.998.912'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.715', 'N04.452.871.715', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.690', 'N06.850.505.715', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.715'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Treatment with telmisartan/rosuvastatin combination has a beneficial synergistic effect on ameliorating Th17/Treg functional imbalance in hypertensive patients with carotid atherosclerosis.
|
OBJECTIVES: To explore synergistic effect between angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) and statins on Th17/Treg functional imbalance in hypertensive patients with carotid atherosclerosis.METHODS: This study was a 2 ? 2 factorial randomized, prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. One hundred and fifty nine hypertensive patients with carotid atherosclerosis were randomized to the administration of control group, telmisartan group, rosuvastatin group, and combination group (telmisartan plus rosuvastatin) base on hydrochlorothiazide treatment. Carotid ultrasonography, parameters of Th17/Treg functional axis, interleukin (IL)-1â, IL-2, interferon (IFN)-ã, hypersensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP), monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1 were evaluated.RESULTS: Blood pressure level markedly reduced in four groups. There was significantly synergistic effect of combination of telmisartan with rosuvastatin on reducing carotid imtima-media thickness (IMT), Th17 cells frequency, IL-17, IL-6, IL-23, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-á, expression of retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor (ROR)ãt mRNA, Th17/Treg ratio, IL-1â, IL-2, IFN-ã, hsCRP, and MCP-1, and increasing Treg cells frequency, IL-10, transforming growth factor(TGF)-â1, and expression of forkhead/winged helix transcription factor (Foxp3) mRNA (all P<0.05). Change rate of IMT statistical positively related to descent rates of Th17 cells frequency, IL-17, IL-6, IL-23, TNF-á, expression of RORãt mRNA, Th17/Treg ratio, IL-1â, IL-2, IFN-ã, hsCRP, and MCP-1, and negatively related to increased rates of Treg frequency, IL-10, TGF-â1, and expression of Foxp3 mRNA, respectively (all P<0.05).CONCLUSION: There is a synergistic effect of combination of telmisartan with rosuvastatin on ameliorating Th17/Treg functional imbalance in hypertensive patients with carotid atherosclerosis.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Benzimidazoles', 'Benzoates', 'Carotid Arteries', 'Carotid Artery Diseases', 'Carotid Intima-Media Thickness', 'Double-Blind Method', 'Drug Synergism', 'Drug Therapy, Combination', 'Female', 'Fluorobenzenes', 'Humans', 'Hypertension', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 3', 'Pyrimidines', 'Rosuvastatin Calcium', 'Sulfonamides', 'T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory', 'Telmisartan', 'Th17 Cells']
| 24,495,792
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D03.633.100.103'], ['D02.241.223.100', 'D02.455.426.559.389.127'], ['A07.015.114.186'], ['C10.228.140.300.200', 'C14.907.253.123'], ['E01.370.350.850.150', 'E01.370.370.180', 'G09.330.210'], ['E05.318.370.300', 'E05.581.500.300', 'N05.715.360.325.320', 'N06.850.520.445.300'], ['G07.690.773.968.477'], ['E02.319.310'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.358', 'D02.455.526.510.432'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C14.907.489'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D12.776.260.643.182', 'D12.776.826.209.182'], ['D03.383.742'], ['D02.065.884.650', 'D02.455.526.510.432.500', 'D02.886.590.700.650', 'D03.383.742.775'], ['D02.065.884', 'D02.886.590.700'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.550.500.700', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.200.700', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.500.700', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.550.500.700', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.200.700', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.500.700', 'A15.382.490.555.567.550.500.700', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.200.700', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.500.700'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.185.849', 'D03.633.100.103.791'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.550.500.400.915', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.200.400.915', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.500.400.915', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.550.500.400.770', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.200.400.770', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.500.400.770', 'A15.382.490.555.567.550.500.400.915', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.200.400.915', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.500.400.915']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Testing the efficacy of motivational strategies, empathic reflections, and lifelike features in a computerized intervention for alcohol use: A factorial trial.
|
Although computer delivered brief interventions (CDBIs) have been effective in reducing alcohol use, few studies have examined which components of CDBIs are most associated with drinking reductions. The current factorial trial deconstructed a brief alcohol intervention into component parts to identify main and interaction effects on drinking outcomes. Participants (N = 352) were randomly assigned to 1 of 16 possible combinations of four dichotomous (present vs. absent) CDBI components for which theoretical and empirical support was available: empathic reflections, motivational strategies, a spoken voice, and an animated narrator. We measured main and interaction effects of these components on the primary outcome of self-reported mean drinks per day at 1- and 3-month follow-up, as well as on secondary outcomes, including binge drinking, intentions to reduce drinking, and alcohol consequences. Participants reduced drinking across all alcohol use indices over the 3-month assessment period. These effects were stronger for participants who were exposed to motivational strategies, F = 7.7, p < .001. Empathic reflections, use of a spoken voice, and use of an animated narrator were not associated with reductions in alcohol use, either as main effects or in interaction with other factors. Results suggest that CDBIs using motivational strategies are effective in reducing alcohol use. However, empathic reflections and lifelike characteristics (e.g., narrator, voice) may operate differently in CDBIs than they do in person-delivered interventions. More research is needed to better understand how these (or other factors) may influence efficacy. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
|
['Adult', 'Alcohol Drinking', 'Alcoholism', 'Counseling', 'Empathy', 'Feedback', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Motivation', 'Therapy, Computer-Assisted', 'Young Adult']
| 31,436,446
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['F01.145.317.269'], ['C25.775.100.250', 'F03.900.100.350'], ['F02.784.176', 'F04.408.413', 'N02.421.143.303', 'N02.421.461.363'], ['F01.752.355', 'F01.752.543.500.500'], ['L01.906.394.211'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.658', 'F01.752.543.500.750'], ['E02.950', 'L01.313.500.750.100.710'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Zenker diverticulum: a rare complication after anterior cervical fusion.
|
Esophageal injury is a rare but serious complication occurring after anterior cervical spine surgery. Pharyngoesophageal, or Zenker, diverticulum is an acquired outpouching of the pharyngeal musculature just proximal to a functional esophageal stricture, clinically manifesting as dysphagia, aspiration, and weight loss. We report a case in which a patient developed a pharyngoesophageal diverticulum, accompanied by retropharyngeal abscess, first identified 2 years after a 3-level anterior cervical fusion with allograft and anterior plating. The inferior portion of the cervical plate was dislodged anteriorly. In addition, the patient harbored pulmonary and mediastinal infection at the time of presentation. Despite incision and drainage of the abscess with repair of the diverticulum, the patient died in the early postoperative period. Prompt recognition and frequent follow-up, as well as patient education, may prevent this catastrophic complication.
|
['Adult', 'Cervical Vertebrae', 'Fatal Outcome', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Radiography', 'Rare Diseases', 'Spinal Fusion', 'Treatment Failure', 'Zenker Diverticulum']
| 17,414,989
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['A02.835.232.834.151'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.325', 'N01.224.935.698.201', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.325', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.325'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.700'], ['C23.550.291.906'], ['E04.555.100.700'], ['E01.789.800.760', 'N04.761.559.590.800.760', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800.760'], ['C06.405.205.282.750.625.900', 'C23.300.415.625.900']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Sensitive Leptospira DNA detection using tapered optical fiber sensor.
|
This paper presents the development of tapered optical fiber sensor to detect a specific Leptospira bacteria DNA. The bacteria causes Leptospirosis, a deadly disease but with common early flu-like symptoms. Optical single mode fiber (SMF) of 125 ìm diameter is tapered to produce 12 ìm waist diameter and 15 cm length. The novel DNA-based optical fiber sensor is functionalized by incubating the tapered region with sodium hydroxide (NaOH), (3-Aminopropyl) triethoxysilane and glutaraldehyde. Probe DNA is immobilized onto the tapered region and subsequently hybridized by its complementary DNA (cDNA). The transmission spectra of the DNA-based optical fiber sensor are measured in the 1500 to 1600 nm wavelength range. It is discovered that the shift of the wavelength in the SMF sensor is linearly proportional with the increase in the cDNA concentrations from 0.1 to 1.0 nM. The sensitivity of the sensor toward DNA is measured to be 1.2862 nm/nM and able to detect as low as 0.1 fM. The sensor indicates high specificity when only minimal shift is detected for non-cDNA testing. The developed sensor is able to distinguish between actual DNA of Leptospira serovars (Canicola and Copenhageni) against Clostridium difficile (control sample) at very low (femtomolar) target concentrations.
|
['Biosensing Techniques', 'DNA, Bacterial', 'Genome, Bacterial', 'Leptospira', 'Limit of Detection', 'Nucleic Acid Hybridization', 'Optical Fibers']
| 29,570,957
|
[['E05.601.043'], ['D13.444.308.212'], ['G05.360.340.358.207'], ['B03.440.400.425.475.475', 'B03.851.475.475'], ['E05.318.740.872.374', 'N05.715.360.750.725.500', 'N06.850.520.830.872.500'], ['E05.393.661', 'G02.111.611'], ['E07.632.750']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
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