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Modified Balloon Protection Technique for Preoperative Embolization of Feeder Arteries from Internal Carotid Artery Branches to Skull-Base Tumor: Technical Note.
|
OBJECTIVE: To improve bleeding management during brain tumor surgery, feeder arteries supplying the tumor are often embolized presurgically. However, access to feeder arteries can be limited, and embolization of feeders from internal carotid artery (ICA) branches often causes complications. We evaluated the PercuSurge GuardWire (Medtronic, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States) system (PGWS) with aspiration catheter as a modification of the embolization technique used to block tumor-supplying branches of the ICA.METHODS: Two skull-base tumors were treated with preoperative embolization. One was a meningioma; the other was a hemangiopericytoma. In each case, the microcatheter could not be threaded into the ICA feeder arteries. Therefore, particulate embolic material was injected near the ICA branch while maintaining ICA balloon protection by the PGWS at the orifice of the ophthalmic artery. After embolization, we removed the remaining embolic material in the ICA using an aspiration catheter. In both cases, there were no postembolization complications and no high-intensity areas in the diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance image, and the tumorectomy proceeded as scheduled.CONCLUSION: This modified technique may be a promising alternative for reducing embolic complications and improving the success rate, although case accumulation is needed to confirm this result.
|
['Adult', 'Balloon Occlusion', 'Blood Loss, Surgical', 'Carotid Artery, Internal', 'Embolization, Therapeutic', 'Female', 'Hemangiopericytoma', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Meningioma', 'Middle Aged', 'Preoperative Care', 'Skull Base Neoplasms']
| 26,356,540
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E02.148.106', 'E02.520.392.500', 'E02.926.500.074', 'E05.157.063'], ['C23.550.414.300', 'C23.550.505.300'], ['A07.015.114.186.200.230'], ['E02.520.360', 'E02.926.500'], ['C04.557.645.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.557.580.520', 'C04.557.645.520', 'C04.588.614.250.580.500', 'C10.551.240.500.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E02.760.795', 'E04.604.750', 'N02.421.585.795'], ['C04.588.149.721.828', 'C05.116.231.754.829']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
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Pathologic grade and tumor size are associated with recurrence-free survival in patients with duodenal neuroendocrine tumors.
|
BACKGROUND: Duodenal neuroendocrine tumors are rare and few studies exist to guide surgical management. This study identifies factors associated with recurrence after resection.METHODS: A retrospective, single institution review was performed between 1983 and 2011 on patients with a pathologic diagnosis of duodenal neuroendocrine tumor. Tumor grade was assigned based on WHO 2010 criteria (Ki-67 and mitotic rate).RESULTS: Seventy-five patients were identified that underwent curative resection. This included 12 patients with endoscopic mucosal resection, 34 that had local resection, and 29 that underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy. Two-year and 5-year recurrence-free survival was 84 and 81%, respectively. There were 11 tumor recurrences (either local or distant), and four patients died of their disease (3/4 had high-grade lesions) with an overall median follow-up of 27 months. On univariate analysis, tumor size and tumor grade were identified as being associated with recurrence, but not intervention type, lymph node metastases, ampullary location, or margin status.CONCLUSIONS: Tumor grade and size are associated with recurrence-free survival in duodenal neuroendocrine tumors. When feasible, a less aggressive surgical approach to treat low-grade and low-stage duodenal NETs should be considered.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Ampulla of Vater', 'Common Bile Duct Neoplasms', 'Disease-Free Survival', 'Duodenal Neoplasms', 'Duodenoscopy', 'Duodenum', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Intestinal Mucosa', 'Lymphatic Metastasis', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasm Grading', 'Neoplasm Recurrence, Local', 'Neuroendocrine Tumors', 'Pancreaticoduodenectomy', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Tumor Burden']
| 24,448,999
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['A03.159.183.079.300.950', 'A03.556.124.684.124.236', 'A03.556.875.249.160', 'A03.734.667.500'], ['C04.588.274.120.250.250', 'C06.130.120.120.280', 'C06.130.120.250.280', 'C06.130.320.120.280', 'C06.301.120.250.250'], ['E01.789.800.190', 'E05.318.740.998.300', 'N04.761.559.590.800.190', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800.190', 'N05.715.360.750.795.300', 'N06.850.520.830.998.300'], ['C04.588.274.476.411.445', 'C06.301.371.411.445', 'C06.405.249.411.445', 'C06.405.469.275.270', 'C06.405.469.491.445'], ['E01.370.372.250.250.225', 'E01.370.388.250.250.250.200', 'E04.210.240.250.200', 'E04.502.250.250.250.200'], ['A03.556.124.684.124', 'A03.556.875.249'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A03.556.124.369', 'A10.615.550.444'], ['C04.697.650.560', 'C23.550.727.650.560'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.789.612'], ['C04.697.655', 'C23.550.727.655'], ['C04.557.465.625.650', 'C04.557.580.625.650'], ['E04.210.760'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.041.124.892']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
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Thinking about thinking: implications for patient safety.
|
Clinical medicine, a learned, rational, science-using practice, is labelled a science even though physicians have the good sense not to practise it that way. Rather than thinking like scientists - or how we think scientists think - physicians are engaged in analogical, interpretive reasoning that resembles Aristotle's phronesis, or practical reasoning, more closely than episteme, or scientific reasoning. In medicine, phronesis is clinical judgment; and while it depends on both a fund of information and extensive experience, somehow it is not quite teachable. This practical, clinical rationality relies on case narrative for teaching and learning about illness and disease, for recording and communicating about patient care and, inevitably, for thinking about and remembering the details, as well as the overarching rules of practice. At the same time, "anecdotal" remains the most pejorative word in medicine, and the tension between the justifiable caution this disdain expresses and the pervasive narrative structure of medical knowledge is characteristic of clinical knowing generally: a tug-of-war between apparent irreconcilables that can be settled only by an appeal to the circumstances of the clinical situation. Practical rationality in the clinical encounter is characterized by a productive circulation between the particular details of the patient's presentation and general information about disease stored as a taxonomy of cases. Evidence-based medicine can improve this negotiation between general knowledge and the patient's particulars, but it cannot replace it. In a scientific era, clinical judgment remains the quintessential intellectual strength of the clinician. Why, then, do we not teach the epistemology of medicine? Understanding the mis-description of physicians' thinking - and the accompanying claim that medicine is, in itself, a science - could mitigate the misplaced perfectionism that makes mistakes in medicine personal and unthinkable.
|
['Humans', 'Medical Errors', 'Safety Management', 'Thinking']
| 19,667,768
|
[['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N02.421.450'], ['N04.452.871.900', 'N06.850.135.060.075.800'], ['F02.463.785']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
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| 0
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|
In vitro fertilization and risk of childhood leukemia in Greece and Sweden.
|
BACKGROUND: Cancer risk in children born after in vitro fertilization (IVF) remains largely unknown. We aimed to investigate risk of leukemia and lymphoma following IVF using two nationwide datasets.METHODS: The hospital-based case-control study in Greece derived from the National Registry for Childhood Hematological Malignancies (1996-2008, 814 leukemia and 277 lymphoma incident cases with their 1:1 matched controls). The Swedish case-control study was nested in the Swedish Medical Birth Register (MBR) (1995-2007, 520 leukemia and 71 lymphoma cases with their 5,200 and 710 matched controls) with ascertainment of incident cancer cases in the National Cancer Register. Study-specific and combined odds ratios (OR) were estimated using conditional logistic regression, with adjustment for possible risk factors.RESULTS: Nationwide studies pointed to similar size excess risk of leukemia following IVF, but to a null association between IVF and lymphoma. The proportion of leukemia cases conceived through IVF was 3% in Greece and 2.7% in Sweden; prevalence of IVF in matched controls was 1.8% and 1.6%, respectively. In combined multivariable analyses, the increased risk of leukemia was confined to age below 3.8 years (OR = 2.21; 95% confidence interval, CI: 1.27-3.85) and to acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) (OR = 1.77; 95% CI: 1.06-2.95) with no sufficient evidence of excess risk for other leukemias (OR = 1.34; 95% CI: 0.38-4.69). Following IVF, OR for ALL was 2.58 (95% CI: 1.37-4.84) before age 3.8 and 4.29 (95% CI: 1.49-12.37) before age 2 years.CONCLUSIONS: IVF seems to be associated with increased risk of early onset ALL in the offspring.
|
['Case-Control Studies', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Female', 'Fertilization in Vitro', 'Greece', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Leukemia', 'Lymphoma', 'Male', 'Risk Factors', 'Sweden']
| 21,618,418
|
[['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['E02.875.800.750', 'E05.820.800.750'], ['Z01.542.383'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['C04.557.337'], ['C04.557.386', 'C15.604.515.569', 'C20.683.515.761'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['Z01.542.816.500']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
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Biomechanical changes at the knee after lower limb fatigue in healthy young women.
|
BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to identify changes in knee kinematics, kinetics and stiffness that occur during gait due to lower limb neuromuscular fatigue.METHODS: Kinematic, kinetic and electromyographic measures of gait were collected on healthy, young women (n=20) before and after two bouts of fatigue. After baseline gait analysis, two bouts of fatiguing contractions were completed. Fatigue was induced using sets of 50 isotonic knee extensions and flexions at 50% of the peak torque during a maximum voluntary isometric contraction. Fatigue was defined as a drop in knee extension or flexion maximum voluntary isometric torques of at least 25% from baseline. Gait analyses were completed after each bout of fatigue. Dynamic knee stiffness was calculated as the change in knee flexion moment divided by the change in knee flexion angle from 3 to 15% of the gait cycle. Co-activations of the biceps femoris and rectus femoris muscles were calculated from 3 to 15% and 40 to 52% of gait. Repeated measures analyses of variance assessed differences in discrete gait measures, knee torques, and electromyography amplitudes between baseline and after each bout of fatigue.FINDINGS: Fatigue decreased peak isometric torque. Fatigue did not alter knee adduction moments, knee flexion angles, dynamic knee stiffness, or muscle co-activation. Fatigue reduced the peak knee extension moment.INTERPRETATION: While neuromuscular fatigue of the knee musculature alters the sagittal plane knee moment in healthy, young women during walking, high intensity fatigue is not consistent with known mechanical environments implicated in knee pathologies or injuries.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Analysis of Variance', 'Biomechanical Phenomena', 'Elasticity', 'Electromyography', 'Female', 'Gait', 'Humans', 'Isometric Contraction', 'Kinetics', 'Knee', 'Muscle Fatigue', 'Muscle, Skeletal', 'Quadriceps Muscle', 'Range of Motion, Articular', 'Reference Values', 'Torque', 'Walking', 'Young Adult']
| 23,528,628
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['E05.318.740.150', 'N05.715.360.750.125', 'N06.850.520.830.150'], ['G01.154.090', 'G01.374.089'], ['G01.374.590'], ['E01.370.405.255', 'E01.370.530.255'], ['E01.370.600.250', 'G11.427.410.568.900.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G11.427.494.472'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['A01.378.610.450'], ['G11.427.550'], ['A02.633.567', 'A10.690.552.500'], ['A02.633.567.850'], ['E01.370.600.700', 'G11.427.760'], ['E05.978.810'], ['G01.374.860.500'], ['G11.427.410.568.900', 'G11.427.410.698.277.937', 'I03.350.937', 'I03.450.642.845.940'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 1
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[Chronic bacterial prostatitis as a manifestation of secondary immunodeficiency state].
|
The clinico-immunological examination of 57 patients with chronic bacterial prostatitis was carried out. The clinical analysis made it possible to divide the patients into 3 groups characterized by the presence of chronic inflammatory diseases of other organs which had appeared before (group 1) or after (group 2) the manifestation of the symptoms of prostatitis, aw well as by the absence of concomitant inflammatory diseases (group 3). At the same time these patients were found to have changes in their immune status, most pronounced in patients of groups 1 and 2. The clinico-immunological analysis of the patients with chronic bacterial prostatitis revealed the fact that chronic bacterial prostatitis was a chronic inflammatory process linked with changes in the immune system; these changes had the signs of secondary immunodeficiency and required immunocorrective therapy.
|
['Adult', 'B-Lymphocytes', 'Bacterial Infections', 'Chronic Disease', 'Humans', 'Immune Tolerance', 'Immunoglobulin A', 'Leukocyte Count', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Prostatitis']
| 9,700,882
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['A11.063.438', 'A11.118.637.555.567.562', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.562', 'A15.382.032.438', 'A15.382.490.555.567.562'], ['C01.150.252'], ['C23.550.291.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G12.535.425'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.619.026', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.619.026', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.619.026'], ['E01.370.225.500.195.107.595', 'E01.370.225.625.107.595', 'E05.200.500.195.107.595', 'E05.200.625.107.595', 'E05.242.195.107.595', 'G04.140.107.595', 'G09.188.105.595'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C12.294.565.750']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
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|
Effects of low-dose ketanserin on blood pressure variability, baroreflex sensitivity and end-organ damage in spontaneously hypertensive rats.
|
The present study was designed to investigate the effects of low-dose ketanserin on BPV (blood pressure variability), BRS (baroreflex sensitivity) and organ damage in SHR (spontaneously hypertensive rats). Ketanserin was mixed in rat chow at an estimated dose of 0.1 mg.kg(-1) of body weight.day(-1). SHR were treated for 4 months. BP (blood pressure) was then recorded continuously for 24 h in a conscious state. After determination of BRS, rats were killed for organ damage evaluation. It was found that long-term treatment with low-dose ketanserin did not lower BP levels, but significantly decreased BPV, enhanced BRS and reduced organ damage in SHR. Multiple regression analysis showed that the decrease in left ventricular hypertrophy was most closely correlated (or associated) with the increase in BRS, whereas the decrease in aortic hypertrophy was most closely associated with the decrease in diastolic BPV and the amelioration in renal lesion, with the increase in BRS and the decrease in diastolic BPV. In conclusion, low-dose ketanserin produces organ protection independently of its BP-lowering action in SHR, and this organ protection was importantly attributable to the enhancement of BRS and decrease in BPV.
|
['Animals', 'Aorta', 'Baroreflex', 'Blood Pressure', 'Diastole', 'Heart', 'Hypertrophy', 'Ketanserin', 'Kidney', 'Male', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred SHR', 'Serotonin Antagonists']
| 15,707,387
|
[['B01.050'], ['A07.015.114.056'], ['G09.330.380.057', 'G11.561.731.063'], ['E01.370.600.875.249', 'G09.330.380.076'], ['G09.330.580.295', 'G11.427.494.554.250', 'G11.427.494.570.295'], ['A07.541'], ['C23.300.775'], ['D03.383.621.365', 'D03.633.100.786.830.333'], ['A05.810.453'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760.300', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400.300'], ['D27.505.519.625.850.850', 'D27.505.696.577.850.850']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
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|
Environmental and occupational exposure to bisphenol A and endometriosis: urinary and peritoneal fluid concentration levels.
|
OBJECTIVES: The study aimed to give a first data set of bisphenol A (BPA) levels in the peritoneal fluid of patients suffering from endometriosis and to investigate the relationship between BPA exposure and endometriosis.METHODS: A questionnaire investigating the occupational context, life environment, and habits was administered to 68 patients suffering from endometriosis and 60 endometriosis-free subjects (control group). Urine and peritoneal fluids samples were collected and analysed by GC/MSMS for BPA dosage.RESULTS: Some of the investigated environmental/lifestyle risk factors (closeness to industries/activities at risk) were associated with an increase in endometriosis; smoking resulted as protective factor; others (use of food plastic boxes) did not seem to influence the onset of pathology. The association between the occupational exposure summarising all examined risk factors (working activity, personal protective equipment, seniority) and endometriosis was statistically significant (÷ 2 = 5.252, p = 0.02). Contrasting results were obtained when specific activities were examined. Detectable urinary BPA levels were found in all analysed samples (patients: 1.17-12.68 pg/µl; mean ± SD, 5.31 ± 3.36 pg/µl; control group: 1.28-2.35 pg/µl; mean ± SD, 1.64 ± 0.49 pg/µl; median; 1.46 pg/µl), with a statistically significant difference between patients and controls, showing an association between BPA exposure and endometriosis. Only a few subjects from the control group supplied peritoneal fluid; hence, no comparison test with patients (range 0.39-1.46 pg/µl; mean ± SD, 0.67 ± 0.30 pg/µl; median, 0.58 pg/µl) was carried out.CONCLUSIONS: Results highlight the potential association between BPA exposure and endometriosis, as well as the current lack of knowledge regarding occupational exposure to BPA and the need of epidemiological studies focused on single activities/occupations, such as housewives, cleaners, students.
|
['Adult', 'Ascitic Fluid', 'Benzhydryl Compounds', 'Biomarkers', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Endometriosis', 'Environmental Exposure', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Occupational Diseases', 'Occupational Exposure', 'Phenols', 'Risk Factors']
| 27,718,009
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['A12.207.119'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.115'], ['D23.101'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['C13.351.500.163'], ['N06.850.460.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C24'], ['N06.850.460.350.600'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.657'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
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| 0
| 0
| 0
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|
A seven-day Helicobacter pylori treatment regimen using clarithromycin, omeprazole and tripotassium dicitrato bismuthate.
|
AIM: To evaluate clarithromycin 500 mg t.d.s., tripotassium dicitrato bismuthate 240 mg b.d. and omeprazole 20 mg b.d. for 7 days as a Helicobacter pylori treatment regimen.METHODS: The H. pylori status of dyspeptic patients undergoing endoscopy was assessed by histology, culture and rapid urease testing of biopsies and by 13C-urea breath test. Fifty patients who were H. pylori-positive were treated with the above treatment regimen for 7 days. Those patients with active duodenal ulcers present at endoscopy were given omeprazole 20 mg nocte for a further 21 days. Not less than 28 days after completing treatment, all tests were repeated to reassess H. pylori status. Bacterial sensitivity of H. pylori cultures was determined and patients recorded any side-effects.RESULTS: On an intention-to-treat basis, H. pylori infection was cured in 90% (95% CI: 78-96%) of patients. Taste disturbance was experienced by 35% patients. Compliance was excellent, with 96% patients taking more than 95% of tablets. Metronidazole resistance was 41% but all cultures were sensitive to clarithromycin.CONCLUSIONS: This 7-day treatment achieved a high level of cure of H. pylori infection with relatively minor side-effects. It may have a role to play, particularly where there is a high level of metronidazole resistance.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Anti-Bacterial Agents', 'Anti-Ulcer Agents', 'Breath Tests', 'Clarithromycin', 'Drug Therapy, Combination', 'Duodenal Ulcer', 'Dyspepsia', 'Female', 'Helicobacter Infections', 'Helicobacter pylori', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Omeprazole', 'Organometallic Compounds', 'Patient Compliance', 'Urea']
| 8,791,951
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D27.505.954.122.085'], ['D27.505.954.483.203'], ['E01.370.100'], ['D02.540.576.500.992.100'], ['E02.319.310'], ['C06.405.469.275.800.348', 'C06.405.748.586.349'], ['C23.888.821.236'], ['C01.150.252.400.466'], ['B03.440.500.550', 'B03.660.150.235.500.250.550'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D02.886.640.074.500', 'D03.383.725.024.500', 'D03.633.100.103.034.500'], ['D02.691'], ['F01.100.150.750.500.600', 'F01.145.488.887.500.600', 'N05.300.150.800.500.600'], ['D02.065.950']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
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Myotubes derived from human-induced pluripotent stem cells mirror in vivo insulin resistance.
|
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells) represent a unique tool for the study of the pathophysiology of human disease, because these cells can be differentiated into multiple cell types in vitro and used to generate patient- and tissue-specific disease models. Given the critical role for skeletal muscle insulin resistance in whole-body glucose metabolism and type 2 diabetes, we have created a novel cellular model of human muscle insulin resistance by differentiating iPS cells from individuals with mutations in the insulin receptor (IR-Mut) into functional myotubes and characterizing their response to insulin in comparison with controls. Morphologically, IR-Mut cells differentiated normally, but had delayed expression of some muscle differentiation-related genes. Most importantly, whereas control iPS-derived myotubes exhibited in vitro responses similar to primary differentiated human myoblasts, IR-Mut myotubes demonstrated severe impairment in insulin signaling and insulin-stimulated 2-deoxyglucose uptake and glycogen synthesis. Transcriptional regulation was also perturbed in IR-Mut myotubes with reduced insulin-stimulated expression of metabolic and early growth response genes. Thus, iPS-derived myotubes from individuals with genetically determined insulin resistance demonstrate many of the defects observed in vivo in insulin-resistant skeletal muscle and provide a new model to analyze the molecular impact of muscle insulin resistance.
|
['Cell Differentiation', 'Child, Preschool', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Insulin', 'Insulin Resistance', 'Muscle Fibers, Skeletal', 'Pluripotent Stem Cells', 'Signal Transduction']
| 26,831,110
|
[['G04.152'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['C18.452.394.750.149', 'C19.246.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['D06.472.699.587.200.500.625', 'D12.644.548.586.200.500.625'], ['C18.452.394.968.500', 'G07.690.773.984.617'], ['A10.690.552.500.500', 'A11.620.249'], ['A11.872.700'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Efficient on-chip isolation of HIV subtypes.
|
HIV has caused a global pandemic over the last three decades. There is an unmet need to develop point-of-care (POC) viral load diagnostics to initiate and monitor antiretroviral treatment in resource-constrained settings. Particularly, geographical distribution of HIV subtypes poses significant challenges for POC immunoassays. Here, we demonstrated a microfluidic device that can effectively capture various subtypes of HIV particles through anti-gp120 antibodies, which were immobilized on the microchannel surface. We first optimized an antibody immobilization process using fluorescent antibodies, quantum dot staining and AFM studies. The results showed that anti-gp120 antibodies were immobilized on the microchannel surface with an elevated antibody density and uniform antibody orientation using a Protein G-based surface chemistry. Further, RT-qPCR analysis showed that HIV particles of subtypes A, B and C were captured repeatably with high efficiencies of 77.2 ± 13.2%, 82.1 ± 18.8, and 80.9 ± 14.0% from culture supernatant, and 73.2 ± 13.6, 74.4 ± 14.6 and 78.3 ± 13.3% from spiked whole blood at a viral load of 1000 copies per mL, respectively. HIV particles of subtypes A, B and C were captured with high efficiencies of 81.8 ± 9.4%, 72.5 ± 18.7, and 87.8 ± 3.2% from culture supernatant, and 74.6 ± 12.9, 75.5 ± 6.7 and 69.7 ± 9.5% from spiked whole blood at a viral load of 10,000 copies per mL, respectively. The presented immuno-sensing device enables the development of POC on-chip technologies to monitor viral load and guide antiretroviral treatment (ART) in resource-constrained settings.
|
['Antibodies, Immobilized', 'HIV', 'HIV Envelope Protein gp120', 'HIV Infections', 'Humans', 'Microfluidic Analytical Techniques', 'Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Surface Properties', 'Viral Load']
| 22,391,989
|
[['D12.776.124.486.485.114.207', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.207', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.207', 'D12.776.463.250'], ['B04.820.650.589.650.350'], ['D12.776.964.775.325.164.249', 'D12.776.964.775.562.500.500', 'D12.776.964.970.880.325.164.249', 'D23.050.327.520.350'], ['C01.221.250.875', 'C01.221.812.640.400', 'C01.778.640.400', 'C01.925.782.815.616.400', 'C01.925.813.400', 'C20.673.480'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.588.465'], ['E05.393.620.500.706'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['G02.860'], ['E01.370.225.875.950', 'E05.200.875.950', 'G06.920.850']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
An immunohistochemical evaluation of androgen and progesterone receptors in ovarian tumors.
|
To visualize the heterogeneity of androgen receptor (AR) and progesterone receptor (PR) expression in ovarian tumors, 61 specimens were studied immunohistochemically using specific mouse monoclonal antibodies. The tested ovarian tumors included ovarian carcinomas of serous, mucinous, endometrioid, undifferentiated, and clear cell types as well as borderline epithelial tumors, mucinous cystadenomas, granulosa cell tumors, metastatic ovarian tumors, and one case of immature teratoma. Sixty-seven percent of ovarian carcinomas expressed AR, while 46% of the ovarian carcinomas expressed PR. In addition, the three tested borderline epithelial tumors were AR positive. Androgen receptor and PR were primarily localized in the nuclei of ovarian tumor cells. In three tumors focal staining of intervening stroma cells was observed. Interestingly, 35 of the granulosa cell tumors expressed PR as well as AR. All tumor types displayed a wide range in their proportions of AR- and PR-positive tumor cells. A poor correlation, however, was observed when semiquantitative immunohistochemical AR staining results on 17 ovarian carcinomas were compared with biochemical cytosol AR estimations using the dextran-coated charcoal method. Our study indicates that AR as well as PR is expressed by a substantial proportion of ovarian borderline and malignant tumors and that there is a strong heterogeneity in expression of AR and PR. It is possible to evaluate the prognostic significance of these receptors in ovarian cancers on fresh-frozen tumor specimens using a simple immunohistochemical technique.
|
['Carcinoma', 'Cystadenoma', 'Female', 'Granulosa Cell Tumor', 'Humans', 'Immunoenzyme Techniques', 'Ovarian Neoplasms', 'Receptors, Androgen', 'Receptors, Progesterone']
| 8,418,017
|
[['C04.557.470.200'], ['C04.557.470.035.320', 'C04.557.470.590.485'], ['C04.557.475.750.656', 'C04.588.322.455.398', 'C13.351.500.056.630.705.398', 'C13.351.937.418.685.398', 'C19.344.410.398', 'C19.391.630.705.398'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.478.566.350', 'E05.478.583.400', 'E05.601.470.350'], ['C04.588.322.455', 'C13.351.500.056.630.705', 'C13.351.937.418.685', 'C19.344.410', 'C19.391.630.705'], ['D12.776.826.750.150'], ['D12.776.826.750.765']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Taxonomic status of <i>Parotia</i> <i>berlepschi</i> Kleinschmidt, 1897 based on analysis of external appearance, voice and behavior (Aves: Paradisaeidae).
|
Described from trade-skins of unknown origins, Parotia berlepschi Kleinschmidt, 1897 was the subject of a longstanding ornithological mystery that remained unresolved for well over a century. With few specimens and no known wild population, most taxonomic assessments over the last century have treated P. berlepschi as a subspecies of Parotia carolae Meyer, 1894. Following discovery of its geographical home in 2005, most authorities returned to giving P. berlepschi full species status. However, evidence supporting the delineation of P. berlepschi from P. carolae has not yet been fully articulated in the literature. Here, we assess phenotypic differentiation and the taxonomic status of P. berlepschi relative to P. carolae based on specimens and recordings of wild birds. With regard to external appearance and voice, which are important intersexual signals among polygynous birds-of-paradise, our analysis confirms that P. berlepschi is well-differentiated from P. carolae and should be treated as specifically distinct. Evidence for differentiation in courtship behavior is inconclusive and requires further study.
|
['Animals', 'Birds', 'Passeriformes', 'Phenotype']
| 29,242,456
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.248'], ['B01.050.150.900.248.620'], ['G05.695']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
c-erbB-2 is not a major factor in the development of colorectal cancer.
|
We have investigated c-erbB-2 protein expression in a large cohort of well-characterized colorectal tumours, and in a subset of lymph node metastases. We have also evaluated a Val(655)Ile single nucleotide polymorphism, which is associated with an increased risk of breast cancer, in a subset of the colorectal cancer patients and in healthy control subjects. Immunohistochemical studies revealed that while 81.8% of tumours expressed c-erbB-2, in the majority of cases equivalent levels of c-erb-B2 were seen in adjacent normal mucosa. Colon tumours were significantly more likely to express c-erbB-2 than rectal tumours (P=0.015). Only 52.4% of the metastases displayed staining patterns concordant with their primary tumour, indicating that determination of c-erbB-2 protein in colorectal tumours cannot predict the status of lymph node metastases. PCR--RFLP analysis of the Val(655)Ile single nucleotide polymorphism demonstrated that allele frequencies were identical between colorectal cancer patients and a control group of Caucasian subjects (Ile=0.80 and Val=0.20 in each case), indicating that it is not related to the risk of developing colorectal cancer in this population. Furthermore, there was no relationship between c-erbB-2 protein expression and gene polymorphism (P=0.58). In terms of prognosis, no association was seen between either c-erbB-2 protein expression or the presence of the Val allele and patient survival (P>0.05 in each case), suggesting that c-erbB-2 is not a prognostic marker in colorectal cancer.
|
['Adenocarcinoma', 'Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Colorectal Neoplasms', 'DNA Primers', 'DNA, Neoplasm', 'Female', 'Genes, erbB-2', 'Humans', 'Immunoenzyme Techniques', 'Lymphatic Metastasis', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length', 'Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide', 'Prognosis', 'Receptor, ErbB-2']
| 11,870,539
|
[['C04.557.470.200.025'], ['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['C04.588.274.476.411.307', 'C06.301.371.411.307', 'C06.405.249.411.307', 'C06.405.469.158.356', 'C06.405.469.491.307', 'C06.405.469.860.180'], ['D13.695.578.424.450.275', 'D27.720.470.530.600.223.600'], ['D13.444.308.425'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.375.500.791.295.305'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.478.566.350', 'E05.478.583.400', 'E05.601.470.350'], ['C04.697.650.560', 'C23.550.727.650.560'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.393.620.500'], ['G05.365.795.595'], ['G05.365.795.598'], ['E01.789'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.400.009.400', 'D12.776.543.750.630.009.400', 'D12.776.543.750.750.400.074.400', 'D12.776.624.664.700.642', 'D23.050.301.500.600.700', 'D23.050.705.552.600.550', 'D23.101.140.642']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Local area cartilage segmentation: a semiautomated novel method of measuring cartilage loss in knee osteoarthritis.
|
OBJECTIVE: To assess the responsiveness and reader time of a novel semiautomated tool to detect knee cartilage loss over 2 years in subjects with knee osteoarthritis.METHODS: A total of 122 subjects from the Osteoarthritis Initiative progression cohort were selected. A reader used the software method to segment cartilage on double-echo steady-state sequence scans in the medial compartment of the femur from the baseline and 24-month visits. Change in cartilage volume (ÄV) was measured at a fixed weight-bearing (WB) location with respect to the 3-dimensional coordinate system based on cylindrical coordinates. Change was measured for 5 regions of varying WB surface area centered on the fixed point. The average change (ÄV), the SD of ÄV, and the standardized response mean (SRM) are reported.RESULTS: The SRM was ?0.52 for the largest region and decreased in magnitude as smaller regions of cartilage were probed. The average evaluation time was <20 minutes per knee compartment, split approximately evenly between a technician and a trained reader.CONCLUSION: The results establish that measurement of cartilage loss in a local region can be done efficiently and that the resultant measures are responsive to loss of cartilage over time. The coordinate system can potentially be used to objectively examine and establish a consistent location for all knees that is most responsive to change in cartilage volume. This technique can provide rapidly an objective quantitative measure of cartilage loss and could substantially reduce study costs for large trials and data sets.
|
['Aged', 'Automation', 'Cartilage', 'Disease Progression', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted', 'Knee Joint', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Osteoarthritis, Knee', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Severity of Illness Index', 'Software', 'Time Factors']
| 24,664,976
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['J01.897.104'], ['A02.165', 'A10.165.382'], ['C23.550.291.656'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.158.600', 'E01.370.350.350', 'L01.313.500.750.100.158.600'], ['A02.835.583.475'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C05.550.114.606.500', 'C05.799.613.500'], ['E05.318.370.800.650', 'N05.715.360.325.700.640', 'N06.850.520.445.800.650'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475.456.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.364.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.364.500'], ['L01.224.900'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
[Therapeutic bronchoscopic treatment of postintubation tracheal stenosis: 5 cases].
|
Benign airway obstruction is known as curable by therapeutic bronchoscopic methods. Compared by surgical therapies it is comfortable and has no risks for the patients. For five patients who applied our clinic after tracheostomy and endotracheal intubation stenosis we used therapeutic bronchoscopic methods; "laser-stenotic silicon stent". In two patients after vaporization of membranous stricture by Neodimum Yttrium Aliminum Pevroskite Laser (Nd-YAP laser) who were seen posttracheostomy and postentubation; stenotic stent was implanted mechanically and/or by means of baloon dilatation. Membranous stricture area was coagulated by Nd-YAP-laser in other three cases and anatomic airway diameter was achieved mechanically and by baloon dilatation. In the follow up period we applied stenotic silicon stent implantation after second laser resection in whom restenosis observed. In conclusion; patients who had stenotic silicon stent implantation and having no problems in the follow up this therapeutic method is found to be curative.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Bronchoscopy', 'Catheterization', 'Diagnosis, Differential', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Intubation, Intratracheal', 'Laser Coagulation', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Tracheal Stenosis']
| 15,558,359
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E01.370.386.105', 'E01.370.388.250.100', 'E04.502.250.100', 'E04.928.600.080'], ['E02.148', 'E05.157'], ['E01.171'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.041.500', 'E02.585.578', 'E05.497.578'], ['E02.520.745.410', 'E02.594.530', 'E04.014.520.530', 'E04.350.750.410', 'E04.540.630.410'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C08.907.663']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
The impact of uncertainty in a blood coagulation model.
|
Deterministic mathematical models of biochemical processes operate as if the empirically derived rate constants governing the dynamics are known with certainty. Our objective in this study was to explore the sensitivity of a deterministic model of blood coagulation to variations in the values of its 44 rate constants. This was accomplished for each rate constant at a given time by defining a normalized ensemble standard deviation (w(k(i))(f)(t)) that accounted for the sensitivity of the predicted concentration of each protein species to variation in that rate constant (from 10 to 1000% of the accepted value). A mean coefficient of variation derived from (w(k(i))(f)(t)) values for all protein species was defined to quantify the overall variation introduced into the model's predictive capacity at that time by the assumed uncertainty in that rate constant. A time-average value of the coefficient of variation over the 20-min simulation for each rate constant was then used to rank rate constants. The model's predictive capacity is particularly sensitive (50% of the aggregate variation) to uncertainty in five rate constants involved in the regulation of the formation and function of the factor VIIa-tissue factor complex. Therefore, our analysis has identified specific rate constants to which the predictive capability of this model is most sensitive and thus where improvements in measurement accuracy will yield the greatest increase in predictive capability.
|
['Algorithms', 'Analysis of Variance', 'Animals', 'Blood Coagulation', 'Blood Coagulation Factors', 'Computer Simulation', 'Factor VIIa', 'Humans', 'Kinetics', 'Models, Biological', 'Thrombin', 'Thromboplastin', 'Uncertainty']
| 19,451,209
|
[['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['E05.318.740.150', 'N05.715.360.750.125', 'N06.850.520.830.150'], ['B01.050'], ['G09.188.390.150'], ['D12.776.124.125', 'D23.119'], ['L01.224.160'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.760.300', 'D08.811.277.656.959.350.300', 'D12.776.124.125.325.300', 'D23.119.325.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['E05.599.395'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.760.855', 'D08.811.277.656.959.350.855', 'D12.776.124.125.890', 'D23.119.960'], ['D12.776.124.125.900', 'D23.119.965'], ['E05.318.740.600.900', 'F02.463.785.373.820', 'G17.680.875', 'N05.715.360.750.625.850', 'N06.850.520.830.600.900']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
[Use of citation indexes and impact factors].
|
Article deals with evaluation method of scientific works by means of Citation Indexes and Impact Factor which are produced by Institute for Scientific Information of Philadelphia. It criticize criteria of the usage of Impact factor and way of research workers evaluation.
|
['Abstracting and Indexing', 'Bibliometrics', 'Publishing', 'Research']
| 10,566,222
|
[['L01.453.245.100'], ['L01.178.682.099.325', 'L01.453.183.291'], ['L01.737'], ['H01.770.644']]
|
['Information Science [L]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Changes in glucose tolerance during three years' follow-up in an elderly population.
|
The aim of this study was to describe changes in glucose tolerance over 3 y and to establish the prevalence of diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance in an unselected non-institutionalised elderly population aged 70 y or over at the beginning of the study. Diabetes was assessed on the basis of self-reports and 2 h oral glucose tolerance tests which were classified according to the 1985 WHO criteria. At the end of the follow-up period, 15% (n=14) of the men were diagnosed as having previously diagnosed diabetes, 8% (n=7) as having previously undiagnosed diabetes, 36% (n=33) as having IGT and the remaining 41% (n=38) as having normal glucose tolerance. The corresponding figures for the women were: 22% (n=37), 8% (n=13), 37% (n=61) and 34% (n=56), respectively. More than one third of the people with baseline normal glucose tolerance (NGT) had progressed to impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) or diabetes mellitus (DM) (n=44). Almost one third of those with baseline IGT had reverted to NGT (n=24), half had persisting IGT (n=41) and one fifth had progressed to DM (n=14). Almost one fifth of the subjects with baseline DM had reverted to IGT (n=12), and only one had reverted to NGT. In conclusion, a comparatively high proportion of both previously diagnosed diabetes, previously undiagnosed diabetes and IGT were found in the follow-up examinations of this elderly study population. The rate of deterioration of glucose tolerance during 3 y follow-up was also moderately high among these elderly subjects.
|
['Age Factors', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Diabetes Mellitus', 'Female', 'Finland', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Glucose Tolerance Test', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Prevalence', 'Sex Factors']
| 10,483,080
|
[['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['C18.452.394.750', 'C19.246'], ['Z01.542.816.186'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['E01.370.225.124.100.355', 'E01.370.374.355', 'E05.200.124.100.355'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['N05.715.350.675', 'N06.850.490.875']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Sr2+ and quantal events at excitatory synapses between mouse hippocampal neurons in culture.
|
1. Whole-cell recording from pairs of adjacent mouse hippocampal neurons in culture was used to study the quantal properties of action potential-evoked excitatory synaptic transmission and to demonstrate the use of Sr2+ in quantifying those properties. 2. In the presence of extracellular Sr2+, excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) were followed by an after-discharge of miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (mEPSCs) lasting 1-2 s and generated by evoked asynchronous release of presynaptic quanta of transmitter. Like the EPSC of which it is thought to be an extension, the after-discharge was modulated by procedures expected to modulate Sr2+ influx into the nerve terminal. The number of mEPSCs in the after-discharge was decreased by increasing extracellular [Mg2+], and increased by increasing extracellular [Sr2+] or increasing the number of action potentials used to evoke the after-discharge. 3. EPSCs recorded in media containing either 1 mM Ca2+ or 6 mM Sr2+ were of similar amplitude. Adding Sr2+ to low-Ca2+ media increased EPSC amplitude, while adding Sr2+ to high-Ca2+ media lowered EPSC amplitude. These results suggest that extracellular Sr2+ is less effective than Ca2+ in supporting quantal release. 4. The levels of extracellular Ca2+, Mg2+ and Sr2+ were adjusted so that most after-discharge mEPSCs were discrete and comparable in numbers to the quantal events that contributed to the corresponding evoked EPSCs. In a series of twenty-five pairs of neurons, the mean amplitude of mEPSCs recorded at -80 mV was 35 +/- 10 pA and the mean coefficient of variation was 0.50 +/- 0.10 (range, 0.26-0.62). The mEPSC amplitude histogram was positively skewed. 5. In ten pairs of neurons, the mean and variance of EPSCs and mEPSCs and quantal content were determined from samples of more than 100 evoked events (in superfusion solutions containing (mM): 0.5 Ca2+, 2 Sr2+ and 10 Mg2+) and mean quantal content was determined from the ratio of amplitudes of the mean EPSC and mEPSC. A binomial quantal analysis produced values of 2-12 for Napp (apparent number of independent synapses) and 0.25-0.75 for Papp (apparent probability of releasing a quantum at one of those synapses). These parameters predicted the number of observed failures. The observed coefficient of variation for quantal content predicted the observed coefficient of variation of the EPSC amplitude when the coefficient of variability of quantal amplitude of after-discharge mEPSCs was taken into account. 6. In six pairs of neurons, where more than 250 evoked events were recorded, the observed amplitude histogram for EPSCs could be approximated by a predicted amplitude distribution generated from the estimated binomial parameters and an empirical function describing the amplitude distribution of after-discharge mEPSCs. 7. The observation that parameters derived from mEPSCs that contribute to the Sr(2+)-generated after-discharge can predict the shape of the EPSC amplitude distribution and a quantal content consistent with the observed failure rate and EPSC amplitude variance, suggests that this subset of mEPSCs has the same properties as the quantal events released around the time of the peak of the corresponding EPSCs. The use of Sr2+ to evoke after-discharges of mEPSCs should allow unambiguous determination of the extent to which modification of synaptic strength is pre- or postsynaptic.
|
['Animals', 'Culture Techniques', 'Hippocampus', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred Strains', 'Patch-Clamp Techniques', 'Strontium', 'Synaptic Transmission']
| 8,866,356
|
[['B01.050'], ['E05.481.500'], ['A08.186.211.180.405', 'A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.345'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400'], ['E05.200.500.905', 'E05.242.800'], ['D01.268.552.850', 'D01.268.556.825', 'D01.552.539.861', 'D01.552.544.825'], ['G02.111.820.850', 'G04.835.850', 'G07.265.880', 'G11.561.830']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Risk factors of thickened intima-media and atherosclerotic plaque development in carotid arteries in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus].
|
INTRODUCTION: The aim of the study was: (1) The evaluation of the frequency of intima-media thickening (IMT) and the presence of atherosclerotic plaques in carotid arteries in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in comparison with the control group. (2) The evaluation of the correlation between IMT and the presence of atherosclerotic plaques in carotid arteries in patients with SLE and the association of selected immunological and genetic parameters, markers of inflammation, traditional risk factors of atherosclerosis and its treatment. (3) The evaluation of practical usefulness of IMT measurement in diagnostics of early atherosclerosis and the evaluation of risk of its complications in patients with SLE. (4) The evaluation of the correlation between IMT and the presence of atherosclerotic plaques in carotid arteries and selected systemic complications in patients with SLE.MATERIAL AND METHODS: In a group of 103 SLE patients and 30 healthy people (control group) was performed B-mode ultrasound examination of carotid arteries, using HDI 3500 (ATL) with linear transducer 5-12 MHz to evaluate the presence of atherosclerotic changes. There were evaluated traditional risk factors of atherosclerosis, selected autoantibodies and markers of inflammatory reaction, selected genes polymorphism and applied treatment. Statistical analysis was performed with chi2 Yates, chi2 Pearson and R rank Spearman tests. Multivariate regression analysis was also done.RESULTS: Thickened IMT and carotid plaques are significantly more frequent in SLE patients in comparison with the control group (p = 0.0002 and p = 0.0035 respectively). Among traditional risk factors of atherosclerosis hypertension, male gender and age above 45 years were significantly associated with the presence of atherosclerotic changes. The main autoantibodies, which were significantly associated with the risk of the presence of atherosclerotic disorders were as follows: antiprothrombin antibodies (aPTR) in IgA class (OR = 5.5; 95% CI: 1.1-30.2), anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) directed against elastase (OR = 14.7; 95% CI: 1.4-38.0) and cathepsin G (OR = 10.8; 95% CI: 1.1-126.3) and anti-endothelial cell antibodies (AECA) (OR = 6.6; 95% CI: 1.6-28.3). It was confirmed, that high cumulated dose of glucocorticosteroids is significantly associated with increased risk of development of atherosclerotic changes (OR = 2.4; 95% CI: 1.1-5.5).CONCLUSIONS: (1) The thickening of intima-media and the presence of carotid plaques are significantly more frequent in patients with SLE in comparison with the control group. (2) Systemic lupus erythematosus and antiphospholipid syndrome are risk factors for thickening of intima-media and carotid plaques development. (3) The risk factors of thickening intima-media and carotid plaques development in patients with SLE are selected autoantibodies, inflammatory process and applied treatment. (4) Traditional risk factors of atherosclerosis are not the leading cause of thickened intimamedia and carotid plaques development in patients with SLE contrary to the general population. (5) Measurement of intima-media thickness might be useful in the evaluation of early atherosclerosis and risk of its complications in patients with SLE in routine diagnostics. (6) Thickening of intima-media and the presence of carotid plaques in patients with SLE are associated with significant risk of severe systemic complications, mainly related to cardiovascular and central nervous system.
|
['Adult', 'Age Distribution', 'Age Factors', 'Aged', 'Carotid Arteries', 'Carotid Artery Diseases', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Comorbidity', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Incidence', 'Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Risk Factors', 'Sex Distribution', 'Sex Factors', 'Tunica Intima', 'Tunica Media', 'Ultrasonography', 'Young Adult']
| 19,374,227
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['I01.240.050', 'N01.224.033', 'N06.850.505.400.050'], ['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['A07.015.114.186'], ['C10.228.140.300.200', 'C14.907.253.123'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['N05.715.350.225', 'N06.850.490.687'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.375', 'N01.224.935.597.500', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.375', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.375'], ['C17.300.480', 'C20.111.590'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['I01.240.800', 'N01.224.803', 'N06.850.505.400.850'], ['N05.715.350.675', 'N06.850.490.875'], ['A07.015.700'], ['A07.015.733'], ['E01.370.350.850'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
[Synthesis and cytotoxicity of allobetulin derivatives].
|
The synthesis and screening of antitumor activity in vitro (cytotoxicity) of various oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur and platinum-containing derivatives of allobetulin, including different arrangements of the double bonds in the A and B rings, penta- and hexacyclic ring A, 21-acetyl-20,28-epoxy-18á,19âH-ursane-isomeric cycle E, was carry out. (3R,5R)-19â,28-Epoxy-4,5-seco-18á-olean-3(5)-ozonide and 2,3-indolo-21â-acetyl-20â,28-epoxy-18á, H-19â-ursane showed significant cytotoxic activity against melanoma MeWo and Leukemia SR cells, appropriately. (3S,5S)-Diastereomer of the first compound showed no cytotoxicity.
|
['Cell Proliferation', 'Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor', 'Hep G2 Cells', 'Humans', 'Molecular Structure', 'Structure-Activity Relationship', 'Triterpenes']
| 25,895,356
|
[['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['E01.370.225.500.388', 'E05.200.500.388', 'E05.242.417', 'E05.337.550.200'], ['A11.251.860.180.432', 'A11.436.348.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G02.111.570', 'G02.466'], ['G02.111.830', 'G07.690.773.997'], ['D02.455.849.919']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Nuchal translucency measurement--the effect of 3D/4D ultrasound].
|
INTRODUCTION: Nuchal translucency thickness has undoubtedly been proven as an important marker in screening for chromosomal abnormalities. It is measured in the first trimester by ultrasound. This study was aimed at determining the effect of 3D/4D ultrasound on standard error of mean nuchal translucency measurements.MATERIAL AND METHODS: Having satisfied the inclusion criteria, 430 nuchal translucency measurements were analyzed (singleton pregnancies, 11(+0)-13(+6) weeks of gestation, crown rump length 45-84mm, postnatally confirmed absence of anomalies). The data were divided into two groups, depending on the method used (older generation 2D ultrasound or 3D/4D ultrasound). The reported nuchal translucency measurements were converted into multiple of median values of nuchal translucency and 95% confidence interval was calculated for the two sets of data.RESULTS: The standard error of mean values has decreased from 0.027, when nuchal translucency was mea-sured via 2D ultrasound, to 0.016 when 3D/4D ultrasound was used for the measurements.DISCUSSION: The detection rates of prenatal screening tests can be increased and the false positive rates can be decreased by lowering the standard error of mean value.CONCLUSION: Advanced technology and developed automated measuring ofnuchal translucency should result in further enhancements in early detection of fetal abnormalities.
|
['Adult', 'Chromosome Disorders', 'Crown-Rump Length', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Imaging, Three-Dimensional', 'Nuchal Translucency Measurement', 'Pregnancy', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Ultrasonography, Prenatal']
| 23,653,992
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['C16.131.260', 'C16.320.180'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.160.100.500', 'E05.041.124.160.500.500', 'G07.100.100.160.100.500', 'G07.100.100.250', 'N06.850.505.200.100.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.400', 'L01.224.308.410'], ['E01.370.350.850.865.500', 'E01.370.378.630.865.500'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['E01.370.350.850.865', 'E01.370.378.630.865']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Racial differences in kidney function among individuals with obesity and metabolic syndrome: results from the Kidney Early Evaluation Program (KEEP).
|
BACKGROUND: Obesity and metabolic syndrome may differ by race. For participants in the National Kidney Foundation's Kidney Early Evaluation Program (KEEP), we examined whether African American and white participants with obesity and metabolic syndrome differ regarding albuminuria, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), anemia, and bone/mineral metabolism derangements in chronic kidney disease (CKD).METHODS: 3 study cohorts were assembled: (1) eligible African American and white KEEP participants with body mass index > or = 30 kg/m(2), (2) a subgroup meeting criteria for metabolic syndrome, and (3) a subgroup with eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m(2) and laboratory measurements for hemoglobin, parathyroid hormone, calcium, and phosphorus. Patient characteristics and kidney function assessments were compared and tested using chi(2) (categorical variables) and t test (continuous variables). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate associations of race with kidney disease measures.RESULTS: Of 37,107 obese participants, 48% were African American and 52% were white. Whites were more likely to have metabolic syndrome components (hypertension, 87.1% vs 84.8%; dyslipidemia, 81.6% vs 66.7%; diabetes, 42.7% vs 34.9%) and more profoundly decreased eGFR than African Americans (CKD stages 3-5 prevalence, 23.6% vs 13.0%; P < 0.001). African Americans were more likely to have abnormal urinary albumin excretion (microalbuminuria, 12.5% vs 10.2%; OR, 1.60 [95% CI, 1.45-1.76]; macroalbuminuria, 1.3% vs 1.2%; OR, 1.61 [95% CI, 1.23-2.12]) and CKD stages 1-2 (10.3% vs 7.1%; OR, 1.54 [95% CI, 1.38-1.72]). For participants with CKD stages 3-5, anemia prevalence was 32.4% in African Americans and 14.1% in whites; corresponding values for secondary hyperparathyroidism were 66.2% and 46.6%, respectively.CONCLUSIONS: Obesity and metabolic syndrome may be heterogeneous disease states in African Americans and whites, possibly explaining differences in long-term kidney and cardiovascular outcomes.
|
['Adult', 'African Americans', 'Aged', 'Cohort Studies', 'Community Health Services', 'Continental Population Groups', 'European Continental Ancestry Group', 'Female', 'Foundations', 'Humans', 'Kidney', 'Kidney Diseases', 'Kidney Function Tests', 'Male', 'Metabolic Syndrome', 'Middle Aged', 'Obesity', 'Risk Factors', 'Time Factors', 'United States']
| 20,172,446
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.686.508.100.100', 'M01.686.754.100'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['N02.421.143'], ['M01.686.508'], ['M01.686.508.400'], ['N03.219.483.311', 'N03.540.630.180'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A05.810.453'], ['C12.777.419', 'C13.351.968.419'], ['E01.370.390.400'], ['C18.452.394.968.500.570', 'C18.452.625'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C18.654.726.500', 'C23.888.144.699.500', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120.699.500', 'G07.100.100.160.120.699.500'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['G01.910.857'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Prevalence and abundance of latently transcribed varicella-zoster virus genes in human ganglia.
|
In human ganglia latently infected with varicella-zoster virus (VZV), sequence analysis has revealed that five viral genes (VZV genes 21, 29, 62, 63, and 66) are transcribed. However, their comparative prevalence and abundance are unknown. Here, using real-time PCR, we analyzed 28 trigeminal ganglia from 14 humans for RNA corresponding to the five virus genes known to be transcribed in latently infected human ganglia. The most prevalent transcript found was VZV gene 63 (78%), followed by gene 66 (43%), gene 62 (36%), and gene 29 (21%). No gene 21 transcripts were detected in any of the 28 ganglia. VZV gene 63 RNA was also the most abundant (3,710 +/- 6,895 copies per 1 microg of mRNA) transcript detected in latently infected human ganglia, followed by VZV gene 29 (491 +/- 594), VZV gene 66 (117 +/- 85), and VZV gene 62 (64 +/- 38). Thus, the repeated detection and high abundance of VZV gene 63 transcripts in latently infected ganglia suggests that VZV gene 63 may be more important for the maintenance of virus latency than the less abundantly transcribed and randomly detected VZV genes 21, 29, 62, and 66.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'DNA, Complementary', 'DNA, Viral', 'Female', 'Genes, Viral', 'Herpesvirus 3, Human', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Sequence Analysis, DNA', 'Transcription, Genetic', 'Trigeminal Ganglion', 'Virus Latency']
| 17,192,313
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['D13.444.308.497.220', 'D13.444.600.223.500', 'D27.720.470.530.600.223.260'], ['D13.444.308.568'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.364.875', 'G05.360.340.358.024.875', 'G05.360.340.358.840.500'], ['B04.280.382.100.900.460'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.393.620.500'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['E05.393.760.700'], ['G02.111.873', 'G05.297.700'], ['A08.340.390.850', 'A08.800.350.850', 'A08.800.800.120.760.825'], ['G06.920.900']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Biocatalysis of linoleic acid to conjugated linoleic acid.
|
CLA refers to a group of geometrical and positional isomers of linoleic acid (LA) with conjugated double bonds. CLA has been reported to have diverse health benefits and biological properties. Traditional organic synthesis is highly capital-intensive and results in an isomeric mixture of CLA isomers. Biotechnology presents new alternatives to traditional lipid manufacturing methods. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of protein isolation procedures on linoleate isomerase (LAI) recovery from microbial cells and biocatalysis of LA to CLA. Protein isolation experiments were carried out using Lactobacillus acidophilus L1 and two strains of Lactobacillus reuteri (ATCC 23272 and ATCC 55739). Under the same assay conditions, ATCC 55739 had the highest LAI activity among the microbial cultures examined in this study. Efficiency of cell lysis methods, which included various combinations of lysozyme and mutanolysin treatments in combination with sonication and osmotic rupture of cells with liquid nitrogen, was very low. Although treatment of cell material with a detergent (octylthioglucoyranoside) freed a significant amount of LAI activity into the solution, it was not sufficient to recover all the LAI activity from the residual cells. Crude LAI preparations produced mainly the cis-9,trans-11 CLA isomer. Time and substrate/protein ratio had a significant effect on biocatalysis of LA to CLA. It appears that the mechanism and kinetics of enzymatic conversion of LA to CLA are quite complex and requires further research using pure LAI preparations.
|
['Lactobacillus acidophilus', 'Linoleic Acid', 'Linoleic Acids, Conjugated']
| 17,120,931
|
[['B03.353.750.450.475.100', 'B03.510.460.400.410.475.475.100', 'B03.510.550.450.475.100'], ['D10.251.355.310.515.500', 'D10.251.355.343.500.500'], ['D10.251.355.343.500.750']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Influence of glucose on Ehrlich cell volume, ion transport, and membrane potential.
|
Incubating Ehrlich ascites tumor cells with 10 mM glucose at room temperature resulted in the following changes. The cells shrank, reaching a minimum volume after 1 h. The decrease in cell volume was 50-90% inhibited by 1 mM furosemide. The mmol K+ and Cl-/mg dry wt decreased, and mmol Na+/mg dry wt increased over the 1 h incubation. The net loss of KCl was inhibited by 1 mM furosemide. Immediately after the addition of glucose, the influx of 86Rb sensitive to ouabain decreased, whereas the influx sensitive to furosemide increased. The total influx of 86Rb with glucose was similar to that of controls. The effluxes of 86Rb and 36Cl increased immediately after the addition of glucose. These effluxes did not increase, however, in the presence of 1 mM furosemide. Initially the ouabain-sensitive Na+ efflux was not changed with glucose, but the ouabain-insensitive Na+ efflux decreased. Furosemide (1 mM) did not influence Na+ efflux. With time the ouabain-sensitive Na+ efflux increased as cellular Na+ levels rose so that at 1 h the ouabain-sensitive Na+ efflux from glucose-treated cells was 2.5-3 times that of control cells. The potential difference across the membrane gradually became more negative by approximately 25 mV, reaching a maximum after 1 h. The hyperpolarization was reversed by 1 mM ouabain. The changes in ionic fluxes on the addition of glucose are compared with changes in ionic fluxes seen during volume regulation.
|
['Animals', 'Biological Transport', 'Carcinoma, Ehrlich Tumor', 'Chlorine', 'Fluorescence', 'Furosemide', 'Glucose', 'Ions', 'Membrane Potentials', 'Radioisotopes', 'Rubidium', 'Sodium Radioisotopes']
| 7,081,426
|
[['B01.050'], ['G03.143'], ['C04.557.470.200.200', 'C04.619.169'], ['D01.268.380.150', 'D01.362.225'], ['G01.358.500.505.650.665.500', 'G01.590.540.665.500'], ['D02.065.884.725.300', 'D02.092.146.807.300', 'D02.886.590.700.725.300'], ['D09.947.875.359.448'], ['D01.248.497'], ['G01.154.535', 'G04.580', 'G07.265.675', 'G11.561.570'], ['D01.496.749'], ['D01.268.549.650', 'D01.268.556.800', 'D01.552.528.759', 'D01.552.544.800'], ['D01.268.549.750.500.800', 'D01.268.557.650.500.800', 'D01.496.749.795', 'D01.496.807.800', 'D01.552.528.850.500.800', 'D01.552.547.725.500.800']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Comparison of efficacy in crossing femoropopliteal artery occlusions with movable core and hydrophilic guidewires.
|
PURPOSE: Compare the recanalization rate of femoropopliteal occlusions between movable core wire guide (MG) and hydrophilic guidewire (HG).METHODS: Conventional PTA technique was used, followed by enclosed thrombolysis. The MG was used for all patients in the first 2 years, the HG in the following 2 years. Baseline characteristics were similar for the two groups of patients.RESULTS: Recanalization of 124 femoropopliteal occlusions was attempted. Technical success was achieved with the MG in 45 of 59 procedures; 42 procedures were clinically successful. Using the HG, technical success was achieved in 35 of 65 procedures; clinical success was achieved in 35 of 65 procedures; clinical success was achieved in 29 cases (p < 0.0048). At 1-year follow-up, 32 extremities improved after treatment with MG and 22 extremities after treatment with HG (p < 0.035).CONCLUSION: The results suggest that the MG should be the first choice in recanalization of femoropopliteal occlusions.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Angioplasty, Balloon', 'Arterial Occlusive Diseases', 'Female', 'Femoral Artery', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Popliteal Artery', 'Prospective Studies', 'Thrombolytic Therapy']
| 7,882,399
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['E02.148.050.060', 'E04.100.814.529.124.060', 'E04.502.382.124.060', 'E05.157.016.060'], ['C14.907.137'], ['A07.015.114.351'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['A07.015.114.681'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E02.319.913']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Beyond the bloody mess: hematologic assessment.
|
Hematologic assessment is part of the routine assessment of acute and critically ill patients. Nurses must be aware of the reference ranges for complete blood cell counts and common coagulation profiles. A case study is presented of an elderly patient, taking warfarin for atrial fibrillation, who falls and sustains a head laceration. The subsequent assessment, hospital course, and treatments required are outlined.
|
['Accidental Falls', 'Aged', 'Blood Coagulation Tests', 'Erythrocyte Count', 'Female', 'Hematocrit', 'Hemoglobins', 'Hemorrhage', 'Humans', 'Platelet Count', 'Reference Standards', 'Risk Factors', 'Vitamin K', 'Warfarin']
| 23,027,790
|
[['N06.850.135.122'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E01.370.225.625.115', 'E05.200.625.115'], ['E01.370.225.500.195.107.330', 'E01.370.225.625.107.330', 'E05.200.500.195.107.330', 'E05.200.625.107.330', 'E05.242.195.107.330', 'G04.140.107.330', 'G09.188.105.330'], ['E01.370.225.625.400', 'E05.200.625.400', 'G09.188.370.374'], ['D12.776.124.400', 'D12.776.422.316.762'], ['C23.550.414'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.195.107.740', 'E01.370.225.625.107.700', 'E01.370.225.625.625.625', 'E05.200.500.195.107.740', 'E05.200.625.107.700', 'E05.200.625.625.625', 'E05.242.195.107.740', 'G04.140.107.740', 'G09.188.105.700'], ['E05.978.808'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.638.721.374', 'D02.455.849.291.523.500', 'D04.615.638.721.374'], ['D03.383.663.283.446.520.914', 'D03.633.100.150.446.520.914']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Isolation of a cDNA encoding an Arabidopsis galactokinase by functional expression in yeast.
|
A cDNA clone encoding Arabidopsis thaliana galactokinase was fortuitously isolated during the course of a screen for plant homologues of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae peroxisome assembly gene, PAS9. Clones were sought which restored the ability of pas9 cells to grow on oleate as a sole carbon source, as oleate metabolism requires peroxisomal beta-oxidation and therefore functional peroxisomes. Subsequent experiments showed that high level expression of the galactokinase cDNA did not complement the peroxisomal assembly defect, but instead permitted the cells to grow on agar plates in the absence of an external carbon source. Agar plates were shown to contain a small amount of galactose released from the agar as a result of autoclaving. The galactokinase clone was shown to be functional, as it could complement a S. cerevisiae galactokinase mutant. Galactokinase is a single copy gene in Arabidopsis, which has been designated AGK1, and is expressed in all the major organs of the plant.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Arabidopsis', 'Cloning, Molecular', 'DNA, Complementary', 'Galactokinase', 'Gene Library', 'Humans', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Oleic Acid', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae', 'Sequence Alignment', 'Sequence Homology, Amino Acid']
| 9,225,860
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.157.100'], ['E05.393.220'], ['D13.444.308.497.220', 'D13.444.600.223.500', 'D27.720.470.530.600.223.260'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.240'], ['G05.360.325'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['D10.251.355.325.600.525'], ['B01.300.107.795.785.800', 'B01.300.930.705.655'], ['E05.393.751'], ['G02.111.810.200', 'G05.810.200']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Prunella stica inhibits the proliferation but not the prostaglandin production of Ishikawa cells.
|
Chinese herbs have been used to relieve dysmenorrhea associated with endometriosis. Active components in the herbs and their mechanisms of action remain unknown. Prunella stica, a Chinese herb commonly used to treat dysmenorrhea, was chosen for the present studies. Its effects were investigated on Ishikawa cells, an epithelial cell line derived from human endometrium. Cell proliferation and inhibition of interleukin 1beta (IL-1beta) induced prostaglandin (PG) production were examined. To learn more about the active components, 120 fractions were collected from the crude extract and each fraction was tested individually. To further characterize the active components, aliquots of fractions with activity were subject to mass spectrometry analysis. Crude extract of P. stica inhibited the proliferation of Ishikawa cells but not the IL-1beta induced PG production. Active components of P. stica clustered around fractions 64 and 92; they increased cell doubling time from 18.6 to 26.2 and 29.4h, respectively. Mass spectrometry analysis showed fractions 64 and 92 consisted of three components whose molecular weights were 337, 348 and 430 Daltons. The therapeutic effects of P. stica reside, in part, in inhibiting the proliferation of the epithelial cells derived from human endometrium. The active components are small molecules.
|
['Cell Proliferation', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Cyclooxygenase 2', 'Drugs, Chinese Herbal', 'Endometrium', 'Epithelial Cells', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Interleukin-1', 'Plant Structures', 'Prostaglandins', 'Prunella']
| 16,481,008
|
[['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['A11.251'], ['D08.811.600.720.750'], ['D20.215.784.500.350', 'D26.335'], ['A05.360.319.679.490'], ['A11.436'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.010', 'D12.644.276.374.500.400', 'D12.776.467.374.465.010', 'D12.776.467.374.500.400', 'D23.529.374.465.131', 'D23.529.374.500.400'], ['A18'], ['D10.251.355.255.550', 'D23.469.050.175.725'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.583.520.755']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Determination of liver volume in vivo in rats using MRI.
|
Accurate estimation of the liver volume may be important for the diagnosis of several pathological processes in patients and for the study of new therapies in experimental oncology. Although sonography and computed tomography (CT) have been used for this purpose in patients, the lack of spatial resolution and tissue differentiation is a source of measurement errors which, at present, makes it impossible to accept sonography and CT widely for the determination of the liver volume. In the present study, the liver volumes of seven rats were measured by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and an automated image analysis system before and after the animals were killed. Volume computation was carried out by adding up the individual volumes in the sequential MR sections. Adequate MR images with high contrast between the liver and surrounding structures were obtained with spin echo pulse sequence and retarded phase encoding while no contrast material was used. The mean volumes of the livers measured by MR in vivo and in cadavers were 11.91 +/- 0.40 and 11.92 +/- 0.45 ml, respectively. When compared with the actual liver volumes measured in vitro after resection, the errors of determinations in vivo and in cadavers were as small as 3.1 and 2.1%, respectively. These data indicate that MR imaging is an accurate means to determine the liver volume in vivo and that it may be potentially useful to measure small intrahepatic lesions in patients.
|
['Animals', 'Humans', 'Liver', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Models, Structural', 'Rats']
| 2,265,627
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A03.620'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['J01.897.280.500.545', 'L01.178.820.090.545'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Sex, germs, and health: pathogen-avoidance motives and health-protective behaviour.
|
OBJECTIVE: Recent work suggests that the psychology of pathogen-avoidance has wide-reaching effects on how people interact with the world. These processes - part of what has been referred to as the behavioural immune system - are, in a way, our 'evolved' health psychology. However, scholars have scarcely investigated how the behavioural immune system relates to health-protective behaviours. The current research attempts to fill this gap.DESIGN: Across two cross-sectional studies (N = 386 and 470, respectively), we examined the relationship between pathogen-avoidance motives and health-protective behaviour.OUTCOME MEASURES: The studies used self-reported measures of attitude and intention as indicators of health-protective behaviour.RESULTS: Data collected in Study 1 revealed that pathogen-avoidance motivation related to participants' attitude and intention towards sexually transmitted infections screening. High levels of pathogen-avoidance motivation were also related to having had fewer sexual partners, which partially mediated the effect of pathogen-avoidance variables on testing motivation. Study 2 extended these findings by showing moderate associations between pathogen-avoidance motivation and a broad range of health-protective behaviours, including but not limited to pathogen-related health concerns.CONCLUSION: We argue that understanding and targeting pathogen-avoidance psychology can add novel and important understanding of health-protective behaviour.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Attitude to Health', 'Avoidance Learning', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Female', 'Health Behavior', 'Humans', 'Intention', 'Male', 'Mass Screening', 'Motivation', 'Self Report', 'Sexual Behavior', 'Sexual Partners', 'Sexually Transmitted Diseases', 'Young Adult']
| 26,953,783
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['F01.100.150', 'N05.300.150'], ['F02.463.425.097', 'F02.463.785.373.173'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['F01.145.488'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.658.650', 'F02.463.306'], ['E01.370.500', 'E05.318.308.980.438.580', 'N02.421.726.233.443', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.580', 'N06.850.780.500'], ['F01.658', 'F01.752.543.500.750'], ['E05.318.308.980.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.500'], ['F01.145.802'], ['M01.778'], ['C01.221.812', 'C01.778', 'C12.294.668', 'C13.351.500.711', 'C23.550.291.531.937'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Design, synthesis, and pharmacological characterization of polyamine toxin derivatives: potent ligands for the pore-forming region of AMPA receptors.
|
Polyamine toxins, such as philanthotoxins, are low-molecular-weight compounds isolated from spiders and wasps, which modulate ligand-gated ion channels in the nervous system. Philanthotoxins bind to the pore-forming region of AMPA receptors, a subtype of glutamate receptors which are important for memory formation and are involved in neurodegenerative diseases. Previous studies have demonstrated that modification of the polyamine moiety of philanthotoxins can lead to very potent and highly selective ligands for the AMPA receptor, as exemplified with philanthotoxin-56. Much less attention has been paid to the importance of the aromatic head group of philanthotoxins, but herein we demonstrate that modification of this moiety leads to a significant improvement in potency relative to philanthotoxin-56 at cloned AMPA receptors. Interestingly, the incorporation of an adamantane moiety is particularly favorable, and the most potent compound has a Ki value of 2 nM, making it the most potent uncompetitive antagonist of AMPA receptors described to date. Such compounds are potentially useful as neuroprotective agents.
|
['Animals', 'Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'Drug Design', 'Ligands', 'Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy', 'Polyamines', 'Receptors, AMPA', 'Xenopus']
| 16,892,377
|
[['B01.050'], ['E05.196.181.400.300'], ['E05.290.500', 'H01.158.703.007.338.500', 'H01.181.466.338.500'], ['D27.720.470.480'], ['E05.196.867.519'], ['D02.092.782'], ['D12.776.157.530.400.400.500.100', 'D12.776.543.550.450.500.200.100', 'D12.776.543.585.400.500.200.100', 'D12.776.543.750.720.200.450.400.100'], ['B01.050.150.900.090.180.610.500']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
A function-blocking PAR4 antibody is markedly antithrombotic in the face of a hyperreactive PAR4 variant.
|
Thrombin activates human platelets via 2 protease-activated receptors (PARs), PAR1 and PAR4, both of which are antithrombotic drug targets: a PAR1 inhibitor is approved for clinical use, and a PAR4 inhibitor is in trial. However, a common sequence variant in human PAR4 (rs773902, encoding Thr120 in place of Ala120) renders the receptor more sensitive to agonists and less sensitive to antagonists. Here, we develop the first human monoclonal function-blocking antibody to human PAR4 and show it provides equivalent efficacy against the Ala120 and Thr120 PAR4 variants. This candidate was generated from a panel of anti-PAR4 antibodies, was found to bind PAR4 with affinity (KD ? 0.4 nM) and selectivity (no detectable binding to any of PAR1, PAR2, or PAR3), and is capable of near-complete inhibition of thrombin cleavage of either the Ala120 or Thr120 PAR4 variant. Platelets from individuals expressing the Thr120 PAR4 variant exhibit increased thrombin-induced aggregation and phosphatidylserine exposure vs those with the Ala120 PAR4 variant, yet the PAR4 antibody inhibited these responses equivalently (50% inhibitory concentration, 4.3 vs 3.2 µg/mL against Ala120 and Thr120, respectively). Further, the antibody significantly impairs platelet procoagulant activity in an ex vivo thrombosis assay, with equivalent inhibition of fibrin formation and overall thrombus size in blood from individuals expressing the Ala120 or Thr120 PAR4 variant. These findings reveal antibody-mediated inhibition of PAR4 cleavage and activation provides robust antithrombotic activity independent of the rs773902 PAR4 sequence variant and provides rationale for such an approach for antithrombotic therapy targeting this receptor.
|
['Amino Acid Substitution', 'Animals', 'Antibodies, Blocking', 'Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived', 'Blood Platelets', 'Female', 'Fibrinolytic Agents', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mutation, Missense', 'Platelet Aggregation', 'Receptors, Thrombin', 'Thrombin']
| 29,884,748
|
[['E05.393.420.601.035', 'G05.558.109'], ['B01.050'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.143', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.143', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.143'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224.075', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224.075', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224.284'], ['A11.118.188', 'A15.145.229.188'], ['D27.505.519.421.750', 'D27.505.954.411.320', 'D27.505.954.502.427'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['G05.365.590.650'], ['G09.188.370.687', 'G09.188.390.600.640'], ['D12.776.395.550.625.800', 'D12.776.543.550.625.800', 'D12.776.543.750.695.875', 'D12.776.543.750.705.675.892', 'D12.776.543.750.750.850', 'D12.776.543.750.792.500'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.760.855', 'D08.811.277.656.959.350.855', 'D12.776.124.125.890', 'D23.119.960']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Molecular cloning of five GTP-binding protein cDNA species from rat olfactory neuroepithelium.
|
Biochemical studies in vertebrate olfactory tissue indicate that certain odorants stimulate adenylyl cyclase in a GTP-dependent manner. Additionally, immunochemical and toxin-labeling studies demonstrate the presence of several GTP-binding protein (G-protein) species in vertebrate olfactory epithelium. To identify the G-protein(s) responsible for olfactory signal transduction, we screened a rat olfactory cDNA library with an oligonucleotide probe and isolated 32 recombinant clones encoding five distinct types of G-protein alpha subunits. The majority of the clones encoded G alpha s, while the remaining clones encoded G alpha o, G alpha i1, G alpha i2, and a novel species, G alpha i3. Messenger RNA corresponding to each G alpha was detectable in all tissues examined; however, the levels for a given G alpha varied in a tissue-specific manner. In olfactory tissue, G alpha s was the most abundant of these messages and in combination with the biochemical studies suggests that G alpha s is the G-protein component of the olfactory signal transduction cascade.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Animals', 'Base Sequence', 'Cattle', 'Central Nervous System', 'Cloning, Molecular', 'DNA', 'DNA Restriction Enzymes', 'Epithelium', 'GTP-Binding Proteins', 'Genes', 'Membrane Proteins', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Olfactory Pathways', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Strains', 'Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid', 'Transcription, Genetic', 'Transducin']
| 2,820,999
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['B01.050'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['A08.186'], ['E05.393.220'], ['D13.444.308'], ['D08.811.150.280', 'D08.811.277.352.335.350.300', 'D08.811.277.352.355.325.300'], ['A10.272'], ['D08.811.277.040.330.300', 'D12.776.157.325'], ['G05.360.340.024.340'], ['D12.776.543'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['A08.186.211.180.699', 'A08.612.220.640'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400'], ['G02.111.810.550', 'G05.810.550'], ['G02.111.873', 'G05.297.700'], ['D08.811.277.040.330.300.200.800', 'D12.644.360.360.940', 'D12.776.157.325.332.940', 'D12.776.476.375.940', 'D12.776.543.325.800']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Histological mixed-type as an independent prognostic factor in stage I gastric carcinoma.
|
AIM: To evaluate the clinicopathological features of mixed-type gastric cancer and their influence on prognosis of mixed-type stage I gastric cancer.METHODS: We analyzed 446 patients who underwent curative gastrectomy for stage I gastric cancer between 1999 and 2009. The patients were divided into two groups: those with differentiated or undifferentiated cancer (non-mixed-type, n = 333) and those with a mixture of differentiated and undifferentiated cancers (mixed-type, n = 113).RESULTS: The overall prevalence of mixed-type gastric cancer was 25.3% (113/446). Compared with patients with non-mixed-type gastric cancer, those with mixed-type gastric cancer tended to be older at onset (P = 0.1252) and have a higher incidence of lymph node metastasis (P = 0.1476). They also had significantly larger tumors (P < 0.0001), more aggressive lymphatic invasion (P = 0.0011), and deeper tumor invasion (P < 0.0001). In addition, they exhibited significantly worse overall survival rates than did patients with non-mixed-type gastric cancer (P = 0.0026). Furthermore, mixed-type gastric cancer was independently associated with a worse outcome in multivariate analysis [P = 0.0300, hazard ratio = 11.4 (1.265-102.7)].CONCLUSION: Histological mixed-type of gastric cancer contributes to malignant outcomes and highlight its usefulness as a prognostic indicator in stage I gastric cancer.
|
['Aged', 'Cell Differentiation', 'Chi-Square Distribution', 'Female', 'Gastrectomy', 'Humans', 'Kaplan-Meier Estimate', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Multivariate Analysis', 'Neoplasm Staging', 'Neoplasms, Complex and Mixed', 'Proportional Hazards Models', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Risk Factors', 'Stomach Neoplasms', 'Time Factors', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 25,593,472
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['G04.152'], ['E05.318.740.994.300', 'G17.820.300', 'N05.715.360.750.750.200', 'N06.850.520.830.994.300'], ['E04.210.419'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.740.998.650', 'N05.715.360.750.795.650', 'N06.850.520.830.998.650'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.740.150.500', 'N05.715.360.750.125.500', 'N06.850.520.830.150.500'], ['E01.789.625'], ['C04.557.435'], ['E05.318.740.500.700', 'E05.318.740.600.700', 'E05.318.740.750.725', 'E05.318.740.998.825', 'E05.599.835.900', 'N05.715.360.750.530.650', 'N05.715.360.750.625.650', 'N05.715.360.750.695.650', 'N05.715.360.750.795.825', 'N06.850.520.830.500.700', 'N06.850.520.830.600.700', 'N06.850.520.830.750.725', 'N06.850.520.830.998.912'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['C04.588.274.476.767', 'C06.301.371.767', 'C06.405.249.767', 'C06.405.748.789'], ['G01.910.857'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Anatomy of the tricuspid annulus. Circumferential myofibers as the structural basis for atrial flutter in a canine model.
|
BACKGROUND: Little anatomic information is available on the annular myocardium. This study was conducted to determine the anatomic substrate for atrial flutter due to circus movement around the tricuspid annulus in the Y-shaped incision canine model of atrial flutter.METHODS AND RESULTS: We studied photographs of the annular myocardium serial histological sections, made in either of three different planes, and compared these with photographs of the intact and blocked gross heart specimens. We found that the annulus is the most caudal region of the atrial wall. The epicardial aspect of the annulus abuts the ventricular septum or the aortic root in the medial region; in other regions, it is covered by the fat of the coronary sulcus. Its endocardial aspect is delimited by the tricuspid leaflets inferiorly and by the pectinate muscle bundles superiorly, except in the medial region where the pectinate muscle bundles are absent. The annular myocardium is bilaminated. A continuous subepicardial circumferential lamina is the most prominent and is robust in the anterior, lateral, and posterior regions, but it attenuates to a fine muscular connection in the medial region. Myofibers of its superior border merge with the pectinate muscle bundles or are admixed in the medial region with myocardium at the base of the medial atrial wall. Its inferior border makes little contact with the annulus fibrosus about the ring; however, in the medial region, these myofibers insert into fibrous tissue superior to the septal leaflet. A discontinuous, subendocardial perpendicular lamina contains myofibers that descend from the atrium; most of these myofibers insert into the annulus fibrosus about the ring, but the lamina is absent in the anteromedial region.CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that the continuous circumferential lamina provides the anatomic substrate for circus movement of excitation in this model.
|
['Animals', 'Atrial Flutter', 'Dogs', 'Heart', 'Heart Atria', 'Heart Ventricles', 'Histological Techniques', 'Tricuspid Valve']
| 1,860,226
|
[['B01.050'], ['C14.280.067.248', 'C23.550.073.248'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.250.216.200'], ['A07.541'], ['A07.541.358'], ['A07.541.560'], ['E01.370.225.750', 'E05.200.750'], ['A07.541.510.893']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Coordination of RNA Polymerase II Pausing and 3' End Processing Factor Recruitment with Alternative Polyadenylation.
|
Most mammalian genes produce transcripts whose 3' ends are processed at multiple alternative positions by cleavage/polyadenylation (CPA). Poly(A) site cleavage frequently occurs cotranscriptionally and is facilitated by CPA factor binding to the RNA polymerase II (Pol II) C-terminal domain (CTD) phosphorylated on Ser2 residues of its heptad repeats (YS2PTSPS). The function of cotranscriptional events in the selection of alternative poly(A) sites is poorly understood. We investigated Pol II pausing, CTD Ser2 phosphorylation, and processing factor CstF recruitment at wild-type and mutant IgM transgenes that use alternative poly(A) sites to produce mRNAs encoding the secreted and membrane-bound forms of the immunoglobulin (Ig) heavy chain. The results show that the sites of Pol II pausing and processing factor recruitment change depending on which poly(A) site is utilized. In contrast, the extent of Pol II CTD Ser2 phosphorylation does not closely correlate with poly(A) site selection. We conclude that changes in properties of the transcription elongation complex closely correlate with utilization of different poly(A) sites, suggesting that cotranscriptional events may influence the decision between alternative modes of pre-mRNA 3' end processing.
|
['Animals', 'Cell Line', 'Immunoglobulin M', 'Mice', 'Poly A', 'Polyadenylation', 'Protein Structure, Tertiary', 'RNA Polymerase II', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Transcriptional Activation', 'mRNA Cleavage and Polyadenylation Factors']
| 26,527,620
|
[['B01.050'], ['A11.251.210'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.619.574', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.619.574', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.619.574'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['D13.695.578.550.500'], ['G02.111.760.225.710', 'G03.839.225.710', 'G05.308.700.225.710'], ['G02.111.570.820.709.610'], ['D08.811.913.696.445.735.270.762'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['G05.308.800'], ['D12.776.157.725.124', 'D12.776.664.962.444']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Anemia in adolescence. 2. Hemoglobinopathies and other causes.
|
Many complex forces are at work during adolescence which can contribute to the occurrence of anemia. Careful consideration of the entire patient should enable a physician to identify the unusual as well as the more common causes of anemia in this age group. Anemia in teenage girls is primarily due to menstrual iron loss. In boys, borderline diets and the demands of rapid growth predominate as causative factors. Hemoglobinopathies (thalassemia, sickle cell disease), G6PD deficiency, infectious mononucleosis, and illicit drug use account for small proportions of cases.
|
['Adolescent', 'Age Factors', 'Anemia', 'Anemia, Hypochromic', 'Blood Transfusion', 'Contraceptives, Oral', 'Diet', 'Folic Acid Deficiency', 'Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency', 'Humans', 'Infectious Mononucleosis', 'Iron', 'Sickle Cell Trait', 'Substance-Related Disorders', 'Thalassemia']
| 1,109,736
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['C15.378.071'], ['C15.378.071.196'], ['E02.095.135'], ['D27.505.696.875.360.276.210', 'D27.505.954.705.360.276.210'], ['G07.203.650.240'], ['C18.654.521.500.133.699.308'], ['C15.378.071.141.150.480', 'C16.320.070.480', 'C16.320.565.202.402', 'C18.452.648.202.402'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C01.925.256.466.313.400', 'C15.378.553.381', 'C15.604.515.516', 'C20.683.515.515'], ['D01.268.556.412', 'D01.268.956.287', 'D01.552.544.412'], ['C15.378.071.141.150.150.670', 'C15.378.420.155.668', 'C16.320.070.150.670', 'C16.320.365.155.668'], ['C25.775', 'F03.900'], ['C15.378.071.141.150.875', 'C15.378.420.826', 'C16.320.070.875', 'C16.320.365.826']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Bone tissue engineering by using a combination of polymer/Bioglass composites with human adipose-derived stem cells.
|
Translational research in bone tissue engineering is essential for "bench to bedside" patient benefit. However, the ideal combination of stem cells and biomaterial scaffolds for bone repair/regeneration is still unclear. The aim of this study is to investigate the osteogenic capacity of a combination of poly(DL-lactic acid) (PDLLA) porous foams containing 5 wt% and 40 wt% of Bioglass particles with human adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) in vitro and in vivo. Live/dead fluorescent markers, confocal microscopy and scanning electron microscopy showed that PDLLA/Bioglass porous scaffolds supported ADSC attachment, growth and osteogenic differentiation, as confirmed by enhanced alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity. Higher Bioglass content of the PDLLA foams increased ALP activity compared with the PDLLA only group. Extracellular matrix deposition after 8 weeks in the in vitro cultures was evident by Alcian blue/Sirius red staining. In vivo bone formation was assessed by using scaffold/ADSC constructs in diffusion chambers transplanted intraperitoneally into nude mice and recovered after 8 weeks. Histological and immunohistochemical assays indicated significant new bone formation in the 40 wt% and 5 wt% Bioglass constructs compared with the PDLLA only group. Thus, the combination of a well-developed biodegradable bioactive porous PDLLA/Bioglass composite scaffold with a high-potential stem cell source (human ADSCs) could be a promising approach for bone regeneration in a clinical setting.
|
['Adipose Tissue', 'Alkaline Phosphatase', 'Animals', 'Bone and Bones', 'Cell Adhesion', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Cell Survival', 'Ceramics', 'Collagen', 'Humans', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Lactic Acid', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Polyesters', 'Polymers', 'Stem Cell Transplantation', 'Stem Cells', 'Tissue Engineering', 'Tissue Scaffolds']
| 24,408,074
|
[['A10.165.114'], ['D08.811.277.352.650.035'], ['B01.050'], ['A02.835.232', 'A10.165.265'], ['G04.022'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['G04.346'], ['J01.637.153'], ['D05.750.078.280', 'D12.776.860.300.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['D02.241.511.459.450'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['D05.750.728', 'D25.720.728', 'J01.637.051.720.728'], ['D05.750', 'D25.720', 'J01.637.051.720'], ['E02.095.147.500.500', 'E04.936.225.687'], ['A11.872'], ['E05.481.500.311.500', 'J01.293.069.249.500'], ['E07.206.627', 'E07.695.825']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Association between second-generation antipsychotics and newly diagnosed treated diabetes mellitus: does the effect differ by dose?
|
BACKGROUND: The benefits of some second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) must be weighed against the increased risk for diabetes mellitus. This study examines whether the association between SGAs and diabetes differs by dose.METHODS: Patients were ?18 years of age from three US healthcare systems and exposed to an SGA for ?45 days between November 1, 2002 and March 31, 2005. Patients had no evidence of diabetes before index date and no previous antipsychotic prescription filled within 3 months before index date.49,946 patients were exposed to SGAs during the study period. Person-time exposed to antipsychotic dose (categorized by tertiles for each drug) was calculated. Newly treated diabetes was identified using pharmacy data to determine patients exposed to anti-diabetic therapies. Adjusted hazard ratios for diabetes across dose tertiles of SGA were calculated using the lowest dose tertile as reference.RESULTS: Olanzapine exhibited a dose-dependent relationship for risk for diabetes, with elevated and progressive risk across intermediate (diabetes rate per 100 person-years = 1.9; adjusted Hazard Ratio (HR), 1.7, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.0-3.1) and top tertile doses (diabetes rate per 100 person-years = 2.7; adjusted HR, 2.5, 95% CI, 1.4-4.5). Quetiapine and risperidone exhibited elevated risk at top dose tertile with no evidence of increased risk at intermediate dose tertile. Unlike olanzapine, quetiapine, and risperidone, neither aripiprazole nor ziprasidone were associated with risk of diabetes at any dose tertile.CONCLUSIONS: In this large multi-site epidemiologic study, within each drug-specific stratum, the risk of diabetes for persons exposed to olanzapine, risperidone, and quetiapine was dose-dependent and elevated at therapeutic doses. In contrast, in aripiprazole-specific and ziprasidone-specific stratum, these newer agents were not associated with an increased risk of diabetes and dose-dependent relationships were not apparent. Although, these estimates should be interpreted with caution as they are imprecise due to small numbers.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Antipsychotic Agents', 'Diabetes Mellitus', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Psychotic Disorders']
| 22,171,594
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D27.505.696.277.950.040', 'D27.505.954.427.210.950.040', 'D27.505.954.427.700.872.331'], ['C18.452.394.750', 'C19.246'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['F03.700.675']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Comparison of Corneal Biomechanical Characteristics After Surface Ablation Refractive Surgery and Novel Lamellar Refractive Surgery.
|
PURPOSE: To investigate and compare corneal biomechanical changes in the form of corneal hysteresis (CH) and corneal resistance factor (CRF) after small-incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) and laser-assisted subepithelial keratectomy (LASEK).METHODS: In this retrospective observational study, patients who underwent either SMILE (36 eyes, 21 patients) or LASEK (35 eyes, 19 patients) were included. Data were collected preoperatively and at 1 and 3 months postoperatively, which included corneal topography and Ocular Response Analyzer values of CH, CRF, and intraocular pressure (IOP). Differences between both surgical groups and the relationships between variables were evaluated.RESULTS: CH, CRF, Goldmann IOP, and corneal compensated IOP after surgery were significantly lower than the preoperative values (P < 0.05) in both surgical groups. Lenticule thickness (LT) correlated with ÄCRF (Ä = postoperative - preoperative value) in the SMILE group (r = -0.513, P = 0.001), but the ablation depth (AD) and ÄCRF showed no correlation in the LASEK group (r = -0.297, P = 0.083). In the SMILE group, ÄCRF/LT (-0.036 ± 0.01) and ÄCH/LT (-0.021 ± 0.01) values were significantly lower than ÄCRF/AD (-0.048 ± 0.02) and ÄCH/AD (-0.026 ± 0.02) values in the LASEK group (P < 0.05).CONCLUSIONS: Both SMILE and LASEK alter corneal biomechanical strength. However, the changes induced by SMILE are more predictable than those induced by LASEK. In terms of per unit tissue removed, SMILE seems to have less effect on corneal biomechanics than LASEK, which may be due to preservation of the stiffer anterior stroma.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Biomechanical Phenomena', 'Cornea', 'Corneal Stroma', 'Corneal Topography', 'Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological', 'Elasticity', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Intraocular Pressure', 'Keratectomy, Subepithelial, Laser-Assisted', 'Lasers, Excimer', 'Male', 'Myopia', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Young Adult']
| 26,226,471
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['G01.154.090', 'G01.374.089'], ['A09.371.060.217'], ['A09.371.060.217.228'], ['E01.370.380.150'], ['E01.370.380'], ['G01.374.590'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G14.440'], ['E02.594.480.500', 'E04.014.520.480.500', 'E04.378.500.500', 'E04.540.825.437.249'], ['E07.632.490.244', 'E07.710.520.244'], ['C11.744.636'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
alpha-Tocopherol disturbs macrophage LXRalpha regulation of ABCA1/G1 and cholesterol handling.
|
Based on the oxidation hypothesis high doses of alpha-tocopherol have been advocated to prevent atherosclerosis, but clinical trials failed to demonstrate a benefit. As specific oxylipids activate PPARgamma and LXRalpha, master regulators of lipid metabolism and cholesterol exporters, we hypothesized, that high dose alpha-tocopherol might interfere with reverse cholesterol transport out of the vessel wall. Human THP-1 cells, a foam cell model, were preincubated with alpha-tocopherol or carrier before exposure to oxidized LDL, delipidated HDL or control buffer. Specific mRNAs were quantified by real-time RT-PCR, LXRalpha activation by a reporter gene assay and cellular cholesterol homeostasis by oxLDL and dHDL facilitated uptake and efflux assays. alpha-Tocopherol significantly reduced baseline expression and stimulation by oxLDL of LXRalpha activity, CD36, ABCA1, and ABCG1. alpha-Tocopherol also reversed the suppression of CD36 and ABCA1 by dHDL. Thus alpha-Tocopherol compromises cellular lipid scavenging and channelling of cholesterol into reverse transport out of the vessel wall.
|
['ATP Binding Cassette Transporter 1', 'ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 1', 'ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters', 'Antioxidants', 'Atherosclerosis', 'CD36 Antigens', 'Cholesterol', 'Cholesterol, HDL', 'DNA-Binding Proteins', 'Foam Cells', 'Genes, Reporter', 'Humans', 'Lipoproteins, LDL', 'Liver X Receptors', 'Orphan Nuclear Receptors', 'Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear', 'Transcription, Genetic', 'alpha-Tocopherol']
| 18,328,805
|
[['D12.776.157.530.100.050.500', 'D12.776.395.550.020.381.500', 'D12.776.543.550.192.381.500', 'D12.776.543.585.100.190.500'], ['D12.776.157.530.100.228.250', 'D12.776.395.550.020.457.250', 'D12.776.543.550.192.457.250', 'D12.776.543.585.100.228.250'], ['D12.776.157.530.100', 'D12.776.395.550.020', 'D12.776.543.550.192', 'D12.776.543.585.100'], ['D27.505.519.217', 'D27.505.696.706.125', 'D27.720.799.047'], ['C14.907.137.126.307'], ['D12.776.157.530.300.500', 'D12.776.395.550.625.136', 'D12.776.543.550.625.136', 'D12.776.543.585.300.500', 'D12.776.543.750.011', 'D12.776.543.750.705.675.136', 'D12.776.543.750.705.940.625.249', 'D12.776.543.750.710.450.750.625.249'], ['D04.210.500.247.222.284', 'D04.210.500.247.808.197', 'D10.570.938.208'], ['D04.210.500.247.808.197.238', 'D10.532.432.400', 'D10.570.938.208.270', 'D12.776.521.479.470'], ['D12.776.260'], ['A11.329.372.368', 'A11.627.482.368', 'A11.733.397.368', 'A15.382.670.522.368', 'A15.382.680.397.368'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.435'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D10.532.515', 'D12.776.521.550'], ['D12.776.260.531', 'D12.776.826.194'], ['D12.776.260.643', 'D12.776.826.209', 'D12.776.930.645'], ['D12.776.826'], ['G02.111.873', 'G05.297.700'], ['D03.383.663.283.909.750.249', 'D03.633.100.150.909.750.249']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Polyamine involvement in basal and estradiol-stimulated insulin-like growth factor I secretion and action in breast cancer cells in culture.
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Recent evidence indicates that the polyamine pathway may play a significant role in the autocrine/paracrine control of breast cancer cell proliferation by hormones. To directly test this hypothesis, in the present experiments, we evaluated the polyamine involvement in immunoactive insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) secretion and IGF-I action using MCF-7 breast cancer cells cultured in serum-free medium in the presence and absence of estradiol (E2). Administration of the polyamine biosynthetic inhibitor, alpha-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) induced a marked suppression of cellular ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity and polyamine levels which was associated with significant, although partial, inhibition of E2-stimulated growth. Exogenous putrescine administration repleted cellular polyamine pools and completely reversed the growth-inhibitory effect of DFMO. Despite these parallel changes in polyamine levels and proliferative activity, basal as well as E2-stimulated levels of immunoactive IGF-I measured in the conditioned media were unaffected by DFMO with and without exogenous putrescine administration. On the other hand, induction of polyamine depletion and repletion by the same treatments significantly (although partially) affected the proliferative action of exogenously added IGF-I. These findings indicate that polyamines, while not involved in immunoactive IGF-I production, play an important role, at least in part, in IGF-I action in this experimental system. Furthermore, we observed that the administration of a monoclonal antibody directed against IGF-I was able to partially block basal as well as of a monoclonal antibody directed against IGF-I was able to partially block basal as well as E2-stimulated MCF-7 cell proliferation. We conclude that immunoactive IGF-I is an important but not sole mediator of MCF-7 breast cancer growth under our experimental conditions. The polyamine pathway plays an important role in the expression of its proliferative action.
|
['Antibodies, Monoclonal', 'Breast Neoplasms', 'Cell Transformation, Neoplastic', 'Eflornithine', 'Estradiol', 'Humans', 'Insulin-Like Growth Factor I', 'Ornithine Decarboxylase', 'Polyamines', 'Putrescine', 'Spermidine', 'Spermine', 'Tumor Cells, Cultured']
| 2,242,341
|
[['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224'], ['C04.588.180', 'C17.800.090.500'], ['C04.697.098.500', 'C23.550.727.098.500'], ['D12.125.068.665.340', 'D12.125.095.765.340'], ['D04.210.500.365.415.248', 'D06.472.334.851.437.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.644.276.937.400', 'D12.776.124.862.400', 'D12.776.467.937.400', 'D23.529.937.400'], ['D08.811.520.224.125.425'], ['D02.092.782'], ['D02.092.211.415.701', 'D02.092.782.258.784'], ['D02.092.211.415.701.801', 'D02.092.782.677'], ['D02.092.211.415.701.801.821', 'D02.092.782.802'], ['A11.251.860']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Obesity and mild hyperinsulinemia found in neuropeptide Y-Y1 receptor-deficient mice.
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To elucidate the role of neuropeptide Y (NPY)-Y1 receptor (Y1-R) in food intake, energy expenditure, and other possible functions, we have generated Y1-R-deficient mice (Y1-R-/-) by gene targeting. Contrary to our hypothesis that the lack of NPY signaling via Y1-R would result in impaired feeding and weight loss, Y1-R-/- mice showed a moderate obesity and mild hyperinsulinemia without hyperphagia. Although there was some variation between males and females, typical characteristics of Y1-R-/- mice include: greater body weight (females more than males), an increase in the weight of white adipose tissue (WAT) (approximately 4-fold in females), an elevated basal level of plasma insulin (approximately 2-fold), impaired insulin secretion in response to glucose administration, and a significant changes in mitochondrial uncoupling protein (UCP) gene expression (up-regulation of UCP1 in brown adipose tissue and down-regulation of UCP2 in WAT). These results suggest either that the Y1-R in the hypothalamus is not a key molecule in the leptin/NPY pathway, which controls feeding behavior, or that its deficiency is compensated by other receptors, such as NPY-Y5 receptor. We believe that the mild obesity found in Y1-R-/- mice (especially females) was caused by the impaired control of insulin secretion and/or low energy expenditure, including the lowered expression of UCP2 in WAT. This model will be useful for studying the mechanism of mild obesity and abnormal insulin metabolism in noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
|
['Animals', 'Blood Glucose', 'Body Temperature', 'Body Weight', 'Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation', 'Chimera', 'Feeding Behavior', 'Female', 'Genomic Library', 'Glucose Tolerance Test', 'Hyperinsulinism', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Mice, Inbred Strains', 'Mice, Knockout', 'Obesity', 'Receptors, Neuropeptide Y', 'Sex Characteristics']
| 9,861,026
|
[['B01.050'], ['D09.947.875.359.448.500'], ['E01.370.600.875.374', 'G07.110'], ['C23.888.144', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120', 'E05.041.124.160.750', 'G07.100.100.160.120', 'G07.345.249.314.120'], ['E02.365.647.110'], ['B05.200'], ['F01.145.113.547', 'F01.145.407', 'G07.203.650.353'], ['G05.360.325.425', 'G05.360.340.425'], ['E01.370.225.124.100.355', 'E01.370.374.355', 'E05.200.124.100.355'], ['C18.452.394.968'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400'], ['B01.050.050.136.500.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.455', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800.500'], ['C18.654.726.500', 'C23.888.144.699.500', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120.699.500', 'G07.100.100.160.120.699.500'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.500', 'D12.776.543.750.720.600.540', 'D12.776.543.750.750.555.540'], ['G08.686.815']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Quantitative cineradiologic study of antral motility].
|
The quantitative determination of antral motility from X-ray pictures was studied in 12 normal fasting subjects whose average age was 25. A sequence of 10 pictures was obtained while the subjects were lying prone, in apnea during 30 sec, and after drinking a barium sulfate suspension. The sinus and antral surfaces were quantitatively determined by a videoplanimeter. The antral area decreased from a relaxed state to 50 p. 100 in 10.4 +/- 2.8 sec and completed emptying in 23.1 +/- 3.6 sec. The maximal surface included a portion of the sinus and was evaluated in a range of 5.5 to 12 cm2. The relaxed period was very short. A coefficient to evaluate the contractile efficiency of the antrum is given by the product of total surface variation per gastric period.
|
['Adult', 'Gastrointestinal Motility', 'Humans', 'Kinetics', 'Pyloric Antrum', 'Radiography']
| 7,349,472
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['G10.261.360'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['A03.556.875.875.716'], ['E01.370.350.700']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
An áIIb mutation in patients with Glanzmann thrombasthenia located in the N-terminus of blade 1 of the â-propeller (Asn2Asp) disrupts a calcium binding site in blade 6.
|
BACKGROUND: Studies of Glanzmann thrombasthenia (GT)-causing mutations has generated invaluable information on the formation and function of integrin áIIbâ(3).OBJECTIVE: To characterize the mutation in four siblings of an Israeli Arab family affected by GT, and to analyze the relationships between the mutant protein structure and its function using artificial mutations.METHODS AND RESULTS: Sequencing disclosed a new A97G transversion in the áIIb gene predicting Asn2Asp substitution at blade 1 of the â-propeller. Alignment with other integrin á subunits revealed that Asn2 is highly conserved. No surface expression of áIIbâ(3) was found in patients' platelets and baby hamster kidney (BHK) cells transfected with mutated áIIb and WT â(3). Although the áIIbâ(3) was formed, the mutation impaired its intracellular trafficking. Molecular dynamics simulations and modeling of the áIIbâ(3) crystal indicated that the Asn2Asp mutation disrupts a hydrogen bond between Asn2 and Leu366 of a calcium binding domain in blade 6, thereby impairing calcium binding that is essential for intracellular trafficking of áIIbâ(3). Substitution of Asn2 to uncharged Ala or Gln partially decreased áIIbâ(3) surface expression, while substitution by negatively or positively charged residues completely abolished surface expression. Unlike áIIbâ(3), áVâ(3) harboring the Asn2Asp mutation was surface expressed by transfected BHK cells, which is consistent with the known lower sensitivity of áVâ(3) to calcium chelation compared with áIIbâ(3).CONCLUSION: The new GT causing mutation highlights the importance of calcium binding domains in the â-propeller for intracellular trafficking of áIIbâ(3). The mechanism by which the mutation exerts its deleterious effect was elucidated by molecular dynamics.
|
['Adolescent', 'Amino Acid Sequence', 'Animals', 'Arabs', 'Asparagine', 'Aspartic Acid', 'Binding Sites', 'Blood Platelets', 'Calcium', 'Cell Line', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Cricetinae', 'DNA Mutational Analysis', 'Female', 'Genetic Predisposition to Disease', 'Glutamine', 'Hemostasis', 'Heredity', 'Humans', 'Hydrogen Bonding', 'Integrin alpha2', 'Integrin beta3', 'Israel', 'Leucine', 'Male', 'Models, Molecular', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Mutation', 'Pedigree', 'Phenotype', 'Protein Conformation', 'Protein Structure, Tertiary', 'Protein Transport', 'Thrombasthenia', 'Transfection']
| 21,029,361
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['B01.050'], ['M01.686.754.167'], ['D12.125.068.060', 'D12.125.095.165', 'D12.125.154.049'], ['D12.125.067.500', 'D12.125.119.170', 'D12.125.427.040'], ['G02.111.570.120'], ['A11.118.188', 'A15.145.229.188'], ['D01.268.552.100', 'D01.552.539.288', 'D23.119.100'], ['A11.251.210'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.075.250'], ['E05.393.760.700.300'], ['C23.550.291.687.500', 'G05.380.355'], ['D12.125.068.330', 'D12.125.095.461', 'D12.125.154.424'], ['G09.188.390'], ['G05.390'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G02.282'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.408.100.350'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.408.200.750'], ['Z01.252.245.500.375'], ['D12.125.070.637', 'D12.125.142.441'], ['E05.599.595'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G05.365.590'], ['E05.393.673'], ['G05.695'], ['G02.111.570.820.709'], ['G02.111.570.820.709.610'], ['G03.143.700'], ['C15.378.100.100.820', 'C15.378.140.810', 'C15.378.463.810', 'C16.320.099.820'], ['E05.393.350.810', 'G05.728.860']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
|
Mid-term results of leaflet augmentation in severe tricuspid functional tethering.
|
OBJECTIVES: Functional tricuspid regurgitation (FTR) is usually managed surgically using various types of annuloplasty. FTR has been reported to recur in up to 45% of patients, with severe leaflet tethering being an important risk factor for recurrence. The aim of this study is to report the clinical and echocardiographic mid-term results after leaflet augmentation in patients with FTR due to severe leaflet tethering.METHODS: From May 2008 to July 2014, 22 patients were found to have a severe FTR with a tethering height of at least 8 mm; all of them underwent leaflet augmentation: the anterior and part of the posterior leaflet were detached from the anterior annulus; a patch of fresh autologous pericardium was used to generously fill the gap between the anterior annulus and the detached leaflet. A 5/0 Pronova suture locked at every step was used to avoid any purse string effect. In 2 patients, the septal leaflet also needed to be augmented using a comparable technique. In all but one (annular calcification) patient, a semi-rigid ring annuloplasty was added. The mean age was 67.1 ± 13.7 years; it was a redo procedure in 12 cases (54.5%), 11 patients (50%) had right ventricle failure and 3 (23.1%) had renal failure.RESULTS: The median follow-up was 2.1 ± 1.9 years. Thirty-day and 4-year survival averaged at 81.1 ± 8.5 and 71.6 ± 9.8%, respectively. At 4 years, 84 ± 10.6% of the survivors were in NYHA class I or II and only 2 patients had a TR of ?2 with a global freedom from TR ?2 of 85.7 ± 13.2%. There was no reintervention.CONCLUSIONS: Tricuspid leaflet augmentation combined with annuloplasty is feasible and leads to excellent clinical and echocardiographical mid-term results even in the presence of severe leaflet tethering and right ventricular failure.
|
['Aged', 'Belgium', 'Cardiac Valve Annuloplasty', 'Echocardiography', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Recurrence', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Risk Factors', 'Severity of Illness Index', 'Survival Rate', 'Time Factors', 'Tricuspid Valve', 'Tricuspid Valve Insufficiency']
| 26,922,815
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['Z01.542.115'], ['E04.100.376.062', 'E04.928.220.109'], ['E01.370.350.130.750', 'E01.370.350.850.220', 'E01.370.370.380.220'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C23.550.291.937'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475.456.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.364.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.364.500'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.900', 'N01.224.935.698.826', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.900', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.900'], ['G01.910.857'], ['A07.541.510.893'], ['C14.280.484.856']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
TomExpress, a unified tomato RNA-Seq platform for visualization of expression data, clustering and correlation networks.
|
The TomExpress platform was developed to provide the tomato research community with a browser and integrated web tools for public RNA-Seq data visualization and data mining. To avoid major biases that can result from the use of different mapping and statistical processing methods, RNA-Seq raw sequence data available in public databases were mapped de novo on a unique tomato reference genome sequence and post-processed using the same pipeline with accurate parameters. Following the calculation of the number of counts per gene in each RNA-Seq sample, a communal global normalization method was applied to all expression values. This unifies the whole set of expression data and makes them comparable. A database was designed where each expression value is associated with corresponding experimental annotations. Sample details were manually curated to be easily understandable by biologists. To make the data easily searchable, a user-friendly web interface was developed that provides versatile data mining web tools via on-the-fly generation of output graphics, such as expression bar plots, comprehensive in planta representations and heatmaps of hierarchically clustered expression data. In addition, it allows for the identification of co-expressed genes and the visualization of correlation networks of co-regulated gene groups. TomExpress provides one of the most complete free resources of publicly available tomato RNA-Seq data, and allows for the immediate interrogation of transcriptional programs that regulate vegetative and reproductive development in tomato under diverse conditions. The design of the pipeline developed in this project enables easy updating of the database with newly published RNA-Seq data, thereby allowing for continuous enrichment of the resource.
|
['Cluster Analysis', 'Data Mining', 'Databases, Genetic', 'Genome, Plant', 'Internet', 'Lycopersicon esculentum', 'RNA, Plant', 'Sequence Analysis, RNA', 'Web Browser']
| 28,873,253
|
[['E05.318.740.250', 'N05.715.360.750.200', 'N06.850.520.830.250'], ['L01.313.500.750.280.199', 'L01.470.625'], ['L01.313.500.750.300.188.400.325', 'L01.470.750.750.325'], ['G05.360.340.365'], ['L01.224.230.110.500'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.908.500.322'], ['D13.444.735.635'], ['E05.393.760.710'], ['L01.224.900.940', 'L01.470.937']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Empathic processes: perception by medical students of patients' anxiety and depression.
|
Perceptions by medical students of patients' affective states were investigated, and the effect of the students' own emotions on such perceptions. One hundred and one fourth-year medical students rated the levels of anxiety and depression of three women patients presented on videotape, rated their own levels of anxiety and depression and completed a questionnaire on aspects of the rating process. Students had widely different and often inappropriate perceptions of patients' levels of anxiety and depression. Students who consistently overrated anxiety or depression in patients, compared to those who consistently underrated, were themselves significantly more anxious or depressed. These data suggest a need in medical education for systematic teaching of empathic skills and for recognition of potential bias in clinical decision-making arising from the clinician's own emotional state.
|
['Anxiety', 'Depression', 'Education, Medical, Undergraduate', 'Empathy', 'Female', 'Humans', 'New Zealand', 'Physician-Patient Relations', 'Psychology', 'Self-Assessment', 'Social Perception', 'Students, Medical']
| 3,357,441
|
[['F01.470.132'], ['F01.145.126.350'], ['I02.358.399.450'], ['F01.752.355', 'F01.752.543.500.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.639.760.747', 'Z01.678.100.747'], ['F01.829.401.650.675', 'N05.300.660.625'], ['F04.096.628'], ['F01.752.747.792.537'], ['F02.463.593.752'], ['M01.848.769.602']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Aneurysmal dilatation of a patent umbilical vein masquerading as a pancreatic pseudocyst: CT characteristics.
|
A large cystic mass in a jaundiced patient had the appearance by sonography of a pancreatic pseudocyst. Computed tomography showed that the mass represented an aneurysmally dilated patent umbilical vein.
|
['Adult', 'Aneurysm', 'Diagnosis, Differential', 'Dilatation, Pathologic', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Pancreatic Cyst', 'Pancreatic Pseudocyst', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed', 'Umbilical Veins']
| 3,392,273
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['C14.907.055'], ['E01.171'], ['C23.300.325'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.182.640', 'C06.689.500'], ['C04.182.640.692', 'C06.689.500.692'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810'], ['A07.015.908.670.874', 'A16.378.693.807']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Some claustro-cortical connections in the cat and baboon as studied by retrograde horseradish peroxidase transport.
|
1. The mammalian Claustrum (Cl) is a convergent multisensory structure of unknown function, and disputed ontogenetic origin. Its cortical projections, hitherto unknown, have been studied in cat and baboon by means of the horseradish peroxidase (HRP) technique. HRP was injected into the gyrus proreus (frontal eye field) of cats, and separately into the frontal eye fields, visual areas, and motor-premotor areas of the baboon cortex. 2. Differential retrograde transport to the Cl was demonstrated, such that in the cat the ipsilateral dorsal Cl was shown to be the principal origin of claustroproreate projections. In the baboon, the whole Cl projects onto area 8, while only the posteroventral part of the nucleus sends efferents to the visual cortex. The projection to the motor and premotor areas is present, but does not seem to be "essential." 3. Discussion of the physiological literature, together with anatomical evidence of reciprocal cortico-claustral projections to closely similar regions of the Cl lead to the suggestion that the Cl is concerned with the integration of messages subserving visually-directed movements. Some other functional implications are also discussed.
|
['Animals', 'Basal Ganglia', 'Cats', 'Cerebral Cortex', 'Haplorhini', 'Motor Cortex', 'Neural Pathways', 'Papio', 'Visual Cortex', 'Visual Perception']
| 412,882
|
[['B01.050'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.249'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.377.750.250.125'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.270.548', 'A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.814.624'], ['A08.612'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.199.120.610'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.571.735', 'A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.814.953'], ['F02.463.593.932']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[The effect of imizin on the circadian rhythm of rat motor activity taking into account its administration schedules].
|
Chronic administration of imizine to rats irrespective of the administration schedule (once a day in the morning or in the evening in a dose of 10 mg/kg, twice a day in a dose of 5 mg/kg) changed the circadian rhythm of rest-activity with a shift of the acrophase at the late night hours. However at a single administration of the drug the effect occurred earlier than at its administration twice a day.
|
['Animals', 'Circadian Rhythm', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Female', 'Imipramine', 'Male', 'Motor Activity', 'Rats', 'Time Factors']
| 2,625,144
|
[['B01.050'], ['G07.180.562.190'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['D03.633.300.240.485'], ['F01.145.632', 'G11.427.410.698'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
A high precision dual feedback pump for unsteady perfusion of small organs.
|
A dynamic pump system is described for perfusion of small organs with whole blood. The pump system was designed with the following aims: Very low flowrates to perfuse single organs in small rodents; high dynamic response for pressure or flow to permit experimenting with a harmonic signal at frequencies up to 20 Hz or by way of sharp step transients in less than 10 msec; high precision to allow detection of fine physiological details, and minimum blood cell trauma or cell activation by use of a piston principle. Representative pressure-flow curves are shown for the rat gracilis muscle after vasodilation. The curves are highly reproducible and serve as a complimentary dataset for microvascular observations in the same organ.
|
['Animals', 'Equipment Design', 'Infusion Pumps', 'Perfusion', 'Pressure', 'Pulsatile Flow', 'Rodentia']
| 2,735,584
|
[['B01.050'], ['E05.320'], ['E07.505', 'E07.858.082.505'], ['E05.680'], ['G01.374.715'], ['G01.482.620', 'G09.330.380.630.555'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
African ancestry protects against Alzheimer's disease-related neuropathology.
|
Previous studies in dementia epidemiology have reported higher Alzheimer's disease rates in African-Americans when compared with White Americans. To determine whether genetically determined African ancestry is associated with neuropathological changes commonly associated with dementia, we analyzed a population-based brain bank in the highly admixed city of S?o Paulo, Brazil. African ancestry was estimated through the use of previously described ancestry-informative markers. Risk of presence of neuritic plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, small vessel disease, brain infarcts and Lewy bodies in subjects with significant African ancestry versus those without was determined. Results were adjusted for multiple environmental risk factors, demographic variables and apolipoprotein E genotype. African ancestry was inversely correlated with neuritic plaques (P=0.03). Subjects with significant African ancestry (n=112, 55.4%) showed lower prevalence of neuritic plaques in the univariate analysis (odds ratio (OR) 0.72, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.55-0.95, P=0.01) and when adjusted for age, sex, APOE genotype and environmental risk factors (OR 0.43, 95% CI 0.21-0.89, P=0.02). There were no significant differences for the presence of other neuropathological alterations. We show for the first time, using genetically determined ancestry, that African ancestry may be highly protective of Alzheimer's disease neuropathology, functioning through either genetic variants or unknown environmental factors. Epidemiological studies correlating African-American race/ethnicity with increased Alzheimer's disease rates should not be interpreted as surrogates of genetic ancestry or considered to represent African-derived populations from the developing nations such as Brazil.
|
['African Continental Ancestry Group', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Alzheimer Disease', 'Apolipoproteins E', 'Brain Infarction', 'Brazil', 'Female', 'Gene-Environment Interaction', 'Genotype', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Nervous System Diseases', 'Neurofibrillary Tangles', 'Odds Ratio', 'Plaque, Amyloid', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Risk Factors', 'Statistics, Nonparametric']
| 22,064,377
|
[['M01.686.508.100'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['C10.228.140.380.100', 'C10.574.945.249', 'F03.615.400.100'], ['D10.532.091.500', 'D12.776.070.400.500', 'D12.776.521.120.500'], ['C10.228.140.300.150.477', 'C10.228.140.300.775.200', 'C14.907.253.092.477', 'C14.907.253.855.200', 'C23.550.513.355.250', 'C23.550.717.489.250'], ['Z01.107.757.176'], ['G05.695.337'], ['G05.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C10'], ['A08.675.609.520', 'A11.284.430.214.190.750.640.520', 'A11.671.573.520'], ['E05.318.740.600.600', 'G17.680.500', 'N05.715.360.750.625.590', 'N06.850.520.830.600.600'], ['C23.300.821'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['E05.318.740.995', 'N05.715.360.750.760', 'N06.850.520.830.995']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Imbalance between the endothelial cell-derived contracting factors prostacyclin and angiotensin II and nitric oxide/cyclic GMP in human primary varicosis.
|
1. The role of the endothelium in the vasomotor control of human veins in the lower extremity is little understood. We tested the hypothesis that the production of relaxing and contracting factors is altered in endothelial cells from varicose saphenous veins which may predispose to the decreased vessel tone observed in primary varicosis. 2. We determined the intracellular accumulation of guanosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate cyclic GMP; a measure of nitric oxide production and the release of endothelin and prostacyclin (measured as its stable metabolite 6-keto-prostaglandin F1alpha) from cultured cells derived from the long saphenous veins of patients with primary varicosis (Varicose saphena group, n = 27) or from patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery (Healthy saphena group, n = 22). In addition, levels of endothelin, angiotensin II, bradykinin, cyclic GMP and cyclic AMP in plasma from patients with primary varicosis and healthy volunteers (n = 8-11 in each group) were determined. 3. Although basal cyclic GMP levels were similar, more cyclic GMP accumulated in response to histamine (1-100 micromol l[-1]) in cells from varicose saphenous veins (0.75 +/- 0.1 pmol per well) than in cells from veins without varicosis (0.27 +/- 0.05 pmol per well). Furthermore, the relaxant potency of nitroprusside (1 nmol l(-1) - 300 micromol l[-1]) in vitro was higher for varicose veins (mean EC50 = 5.9 micromol l(-1); n = 8) than healthy veins (mean EC50 = 20.0 micromol l(-1); n = 7). 4. The production of prostacyclin was significantly less in cells from varicose than healthy saphenous veins (66 +/- 8.7 and 121 +/- 20.1 nmol g(-1) protein), but the production of endothelin was similar in both groups. Prostacyclin (3 nmol l(-1) 30 micromol l[-1]) consistently contracted rings of varicose saphenous vein in vitro with a mean EC50 value of 10-20 micromol l(-1) (n = 7); the maximum tension generated was approximately 50% of that of a completely depolarizing solution of K+ (120 mmol l[-1]). 5. In plasma from patients with varicose veins, levels of cyclic GMP were higher than in healthy controls (9.2 +/- 0.03 and 7.2 +/- 0.02 nmol l[-1]), levels of angiotensin II were lower (81 +/- 11.5 and 147 +/- 21.7 pmol l[-1]), and levels of endothelin, cyclic AMP, and bradykinin were not different. 6. It is concluded that endothelial cells from diseased saphenous veins secrete less constrictor mediators than cells from healthy veins and that in diseased veins the nitric oxide/cyclic GMP system is up-regulated which may shift the balance of vasoactive factors towards vasodilatation and contribute to the development of primary varicosis.
|
['Adult', 'Angiotensin II', 'Culture Media, Conditioned', 'Cyclic GMP', 'Endothelins', 'Endothelium, Vascular', 'Epoprostenol', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Muscle Contraction', 'Nitric Oxide', 'Nitroprusside', 'Varicose Veins']
| 9,375,976
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D06.472.699.094.078', 'D12.644.400.070.078', 'D12.644.456.073.041', 'D12.644.548.058.078', 'D12.776.631.650.070.078', 'D23.469.050.050.050'], ['D27.720.470.305.250', 'E07.206.250'], ['D03.633.100.759.646.454.160', 'D13.695.462.275', 'D13.695.667.454.160', 'D13.695.827.426.160'], ['D12.644.276.400', 'D12.776.467.400', 'D23.529.400'], ['A07.015.700.500', 'A10.272.491.355'], ['D10.251.355.255.550.550.500', 'D23.469.050.175.725.550.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G11.427.494'], ['D01.339.387', 'D01.625.550.500', 'D01.625.700.500', 'D01.650.550.587.600'], ['D01.248.497.158.291.350.550', 'D01.490.100.300.550', 'D01.625.400.100.325.550'], ['C14.907.927']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Enzymatic synthesis of a CCK-4 tripeptide fragment.
|
OBJECTIVE: To synthesize a tripeptide derivative Phac-Met-Asp(OMe)-Phe -NH2, which is a fragment of the gastrin C-terminal tetrapeptide CCK-4, by enzymatic reaction.METHODS: Three free enzymes, alpha-chymotrypsin, papain and thermolysin from acyl donor Phac-Met-OCam was involved in three steps. The choice of appropriate enzymes and solvents was selected.RESULTS: All enzymatic reactions were obtained in reasonable yields(63%-92%). FAB-MS and FD-MS verified the correct molecular mass of the peptides.CONCLUSION: Studies on the alpha-chymotrypsin catalyzed coupling reaction between Phac-Met-OCam and H-Asp(OMe)2 have focused on the low water content media. By papain catalyzed saponification of Phac-Met-Asp(OMe)2, alpha-methyl ester of aspartic acid is selectively hydrolyzed to retain beta-methyl ester, and Phac-Met-Asp(OMe)-OH and H-Phe-NH2 can be coupled efficiently by thermolysin.
|
['Chymotrypsin', 'Papain', 'Peptide Fragments', 'Tetragastrin', 'Thermolysin']
| 12,697,455
|
[['D08.811.277.656.300.760.176', 'D08.811.277.656.959.350.176'], ['D08.811.277.656.262.500.585', 'D08.811.277.656.300.200.585'], ['D12.644.541'], ['D06.472.317.413.800', 'D12.644.456.830'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.480.827', 'D08.811.277.656.675.374.827']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The effect of caries excavation methods on the bond strength of etch-and-rinse and self-etch adhesives to caries affected dentine.
|
BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of chemomechanical caries removal and conventional caries excavation on the microtensile bond strength of three different dentine adhesive systems.METHODS: Thirty extracted human mandibular molars with radiographic signs of dental caries extending up to the middle third of dentine were sectioned longitudinally through the centre of the carious lesion in a buccolingual direction to yield two sections. One half of each tooth was excavated by tungsten carbide bur and the other half was chemomechanically treated with Carisolv(®) . Three dentine bonding systems: an etch-and-rinse single bottle adhesive (Single Bond, 3M ESPE); a two bottle, two-step self-etch bonding system (One Coat Self Etching Bond, Coltene Whaledent); and a single-step, single bottle self-etch adhesive (Adper Easy Bond Self-Etch Adhesive, 3M ESPE) were applied and composite build-up was done. The specimens were tested for microtensile bond strength. Data were analysed using two-way analysis of variance and pair-wise multiple comparisons were done using the Holm-Sidak method.RESULTS: The etch-and-rinse adhesive and two bottle self-etch system showed significantly higher bond strength than the single bottle self-etch system. Caries excavation method had no influence on bond strength values.CONCLUSIONS: Carisolv(®) did not affect the microtensile bond strength values of different adhesive systems tested to the caries affected dentine.
|
['Analysis of Variance', 'Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate', 'Composite Resins', 'Dental Bonding', 'Dental Caries', 'Dental Etching', 'Dentin-Bonding Agents', 'Glutamic Acid', 'Humans', 'Leucine', 'Lysine', 'Mandible', 'Molar', 'Tensile Strength']
| 24,320,902
|
[['E05.318.740.150', 'N05.715.360.750.125', 'N06.850.520.830.150'], ['D02.241.081.069.600.150', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.100', 'D05.750.716.822.308.200', 'D25.339.816.500.200', 'D25.720.716.822.308.200', 'J01.637.051.339.816.500.200', 'J01.637.051.720.716.822.308.200'], ['D05.750.716.822.308', 'D25.339.816.500', 'D25.720.716.822.308', 'J01.637.051.339.816.500', 'J01.637.051.720.716.822.308'], ['E06.095'], ['C07.793.720.210'], ['E06.931.475'], ['D25.339.291.300', 'J01.637.051.339.291.300'], ['D12.125.067.625.349', 'D12.125.119.409.349', 'D12.125.427.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.125.070.637', 'D12.125.142.441'], ['D12.125.068.555', 'D12.125.095.647', 'D12.125.142.497'], ['A02.835.232.781.324.502.632', 'A14.521.632'], ['A14.549.167.860.525'], ['G01.374.850']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Revision functional endoscopic sinus surgery: objective and subjective surgical outcomes.
|
BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to report objective and subjective outcomes after revision sinus surgery (RESS) for chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS).METHODS: We performed a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data in 125 patients requiring revision functional endoscopic sinus surgery after failing both maximum medical therapy and prior sinus surgery for CRS. Patients were seen and treated over a 3-year period (1999-2001) in a tertiary rhinology setting. Computed tomography (CT) scans were graded as per Lund-MacKay and patient symptom scores were recorded using the Sinonasal Outcome Test 20 (SNOT-20) instrument. Individual rhinosinusitis symptoms were evaluated on a visual analog scale (0-10) before and after surgery. All patients had a minimum 2-year follow-up.RESULTS: The mean number of prior sinus procedures was 1.9 +/- 0.1 (range, 1-7) and the mean preoperative CT grade was 13.4 +/- 0.7. Patients with asthma and polyposis had higher CT scores than those without these processes. Preoperative mean SNOT-20 and endoscopy scores were 30.7 +/- 1.3 and 7.3 +/- 0.4, respectively. At the 2-year follow-up, mean SNOT-20 and endoscopy scores improved to 7.7 +/- 0.6 and 2.1 +/- 0.4, respectively (p < 2.8 x 10(-10)). At 12-month follow-up, each individual symptom score decreased significantly. Overall, 10 patients failed RESS and required additional surgical intervention for an overall failure rate of 8.0%. All patients who failed RESS had nasal polyposis.CONCLUSION: Revision functional endoscopic sinus surgery benefits patients that fail maximum medical therapy and prior sinus surgery for CRS by objective and subjective measures.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Asthma', 'Chronic Disease', 'Endoscopy', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Nasal Polyps', 'Otorhinolaryngologic Surgical Procedures', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Rhinitis', 'Severity of Illness Index', 'Sinusitis', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 16,171,166
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C08.127.108', 'C08.381.495.108', 'C08.674.095', 'C20.543.480.680.095'], ['C23.550.291.500'], ['E01.370.388.250', 'E04.502.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C08.460.572', 'C09.603.557', 'C23.300.825.557'], ['E04.580'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['C01.748.674', 'C08.460.799', 'C08.730.674', 'C09.603.799'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475.456.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.364.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.364.500'], ['C01.748.749', 'C08.460.692.752', 'C08.730.749', 'C09.603.692.752'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Different molecular mechanisms of HTLV-1 and HIV LTR activation by TPA.
|
HTLV-1 and HIV-1 are retroviruses involved in different human diseases. However, following infection, these viruses inter into a latent state. Tax and Tat are regarded as trans-activators of HTLV-1 and HIV-1 respectively. As it known, during the latent state the infected cells contain low Tax and Tat protein levels, so the activation of these viruses must be independent of these proteins. Here we focus on exploring the mechanism of activation of these viruses by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), which is a potent activator of protein kinase C (PKC) and considered as a stress-inducing agent. Our results showed that short exposure to TPA considerably stimulated only the HIV-1 LTR expression, while long exposure stimulated only the HTLV-1 LTR and that their activation is agonized or antagonized by PKC respectively. It was found that TPA induced interaction between the transcriptional factors Sp1 and P53 producing Sp1-p53 complex which strongly interacted with c-Jun only after short exposure to TPA. In addition, TPA treatment highly induced the expression of CREB which attached to the Sp1-p53 complex mainly after a long exposure to TPA. A strong binding of sp1, p53 and CREB proteins with HTLV-1 LTR and strong binding of NF-êB with HIV-1 LTR were observed after long (24 h) and short (6 h) exposures to TPA respectively by Chip assay. These results support the possibility that sp1, p53 and CREB are involved in the TPA induced HTLV-1 LTR expression while TPA activation of HIV-1 LTR seems to be dependent on PKC activity through the NF-êB pathway.
|
['Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Viral', 'HIV Long Terminal Repeat', 'HIV-1', 'Human T-lymphotropic virus 1', 'Humans', 'Isoenzymes', 'Jurkat Cells', 'NF-kappa B', 'Protein Binding', 'Protein Kinase C', 'Terminal Repeat Sequences', 'Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate', 'Transcription Factors']
| 29,660,338
|
[['D12.776.260.108.184', 'D12.776.930.127.184'], ['G05.308.385'], ['G02.111.570.080.708.850.400', 'G05.360.080.708.850.400'], ['B04.820.650.589.650.350.400'], ['B04.613.807.200.725.400', 'B04.820.650.200.725.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D08.811.348', 'D12.776.800.300'], ['A11.251.210.190.495', 'A11.251.860.180.495', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.440'], ['D05.500.672', 'D12.776.260.600', 'D12.776.660.600', 'D12.776.930.600'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.725'], ['G02.111.570.080.708.850', 'G05.360.080.708.850'], ['D02.455.849.291.500.510.850'], ['D12.776.930']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Boric acid destabilizes the hyphal cytoskeleton and inhibits invasive growth of Candida albicans.
|
Exposure of Candida albicans to sub-lethal concentrations of boric acid (BA) restricts the dimorphic fungus to its yeast morphology and prevents the formation of invasive hyphae on solid substrates. Exposure to BA causes a rapid and reversible disappearance of polarisome and Spitzenk?rper in growing hyphae. In BA-treated hyphae of C. albicans, actin quickly reorganizes from cytoplasmic cables to cortical patches and cell wall growth switches from an apical to an isotropic pattern. As a result of the cytoskeletal changes, the hyphal tips broaden and directional growth of hyphae ceases in the presence of BA. An analysis of homozygous deletion strains showed that mutants with constitutive or enhanced hyphal growth (tup1, nrg1, ssn6, rbf1) are BA-sensitive, demonstrating that cellular morphology is a major determinant of BA tolerance. The screening of deletion mutants also showed that deficiencies of the main activator of hyphal gene expression, Efg1, and the Rim101-signalling cascade, leading to Efg1 activation, cause BA resistance. Taken together, the data presented show that the selective inhibitory effect on BA on C. albicans hyphae is rooted in a disruption of apical cytoskeletal elements of growing hyphae.
|
['Antifungal Agents', 'Boric Acids', 'Candida albicans', 'Cytoskeleton', 'Fungal Proteins', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal', 'Hyphae']
| 25,612,315
|
[['D27.505.954.122.136'], ['D01.029.260.093', 'D01.132.250', 'D02.203.130'], ['B01.300.107.795.095.326', 'B01.300.381.147.326', 'B01.300.930.176.326'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.750'], ['D12.776.354'], ['G05.308.330'], ['A19.687.400']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Clinical significance of preoperative nutritional status in 215 noncancer patients.
|
Preoperative nutritional status was assessed by: the percentage weight loss (% WL), body weight in relation to reference weight (WI), arm muscle circumference (AMC), and S-albumin (S-Alb) in a prospective study of 215 noncancer patients classified into three groups according to type of surgery: major vascular, minor vascular, and abdominal. The clinical significance of the nutritional markers was assessed by correlations to postoperative outcome and the time spent in the hospital after surgery. The influence of age on nutritional markers and clinical variables was evident but was ruled out in all correlations. If malnutrition was classified as two or more abnormal values in the nutritional markers (% WL, WI, AMC, S-Alb), the overall frequency was 12%, highest in the major vascular surgery group (18%) and lowest in the minor vascular group (4%). Patients with low nutritional status stayed an average of 29 days in the hospital compared to 14 days if the nutritional status was normal (p less than 0.01). The overall complication frequency was higher in patients with low nutritional status compared to normal status (48% and 23%, respectively, p less than 0.01). The frequency of serious complications was 31% in undernourished and 9% in well-nourished patients (p less than 0.05). Various nonnutritional variables such as age, diagnosis, and duration of surgery were shown to increase the predictive ability of nutritional status. The results of this study confirm that nutritional state per se is predictive for postoperative outcome even when variables were stabilized for different backgrounds with covariation to nutritional status.
|
['Abdomen', 'Age Factors', 'Anthropometry', 'Body Weight', 'Humans', 'Immunity, Cellular', 'Length of Stay', 'Nutrition Disorders', 'Nutritional Physiological Phenomena', 'Pilot Projects', 'Preoperative Care', 'Prognosis', 'Prospective Studies', 'Regression Analysis', 'Skin Tests', 'Surgical Procedures, Operative', 'Vascular Surgical Procedures']
| 6,703,791
|
[['A01.923.047'], ['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['E01.370.600.024', 'E05.041', 'N06.850.505.200.100'], ['C23.888.144', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120', 'E05.041.124.160.750', 'G07.100.100.160.120', 'G07.345.249.314.120'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G12.450.050.400'], ['E02.760.400.480', 'N02.421.585.400.480'], ['C18.654'], ['G07.203.650'], ['E05.318.372.750', 'E05.337.737', 'N05.715.360.330.720', 'N06.850.520.450.720'], ['E02.760.795', 'E04.604.750', 'N02.421.585.795'], ['E01.789'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E05.318.740.750', 'N05.715.360.750.695', 'N06.850.520.830.750'], ['E01.370.225.812.871', 'E05.200.812.871', 'E05.478.594.890'], ['E04'], ['E04.100.814']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Pathological, entomological, avian and meteorological investigation of a West Nile virus epidemic in a horse farm.
|
Pathological, entomological and avian investigations were conducted during the summer of 2002, in a horse farm that had four cases of West Nile virus (WNV) infection in horses. All the four horses had encephalitis and WNV infection was confirmed by RT-PCR and in situ hybridization procedure. Forty-seven per cent of house sparrows that resided on the farm were tested positive for WNV infection. Mosquitoes (98%Culex pipiens) collected by trapping at the farm, during this period were positive for WNV. The meteorological data for year 2002 were compared to previous 16 years. The precipitation and atmospheric temperature were found to be reduced and higher respectively, indicating a drier summer than the prior 16 years, which may have been a contributing factor for the outbreak. None of the horses on these premises had been vaccinated for WNV disease.
|
['Animals', 'Birds', 'Culex', 'Disease Outbreaks', 'Disease Reservoirs', 'Horse Diseases', 'Horses', 'Kentucky', 'Meteorological Concepts', 'RNA, Viral', 'Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'West Nile Fever', 'West Nile virus']
| 18,397,501
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.248'], ['B01.050.500.131.617.720.500.500.750.712.500.875.225'], ['N06.850.290'], ['N06.850.520.203.250'], ['C22.488'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.984.235.472'], ['Z01.107.567.875.075.400', 'Z01.107.567.875.510.400'], ['G16.500.750', 'N06.230.300'], ['D13.444.735.828'], ['E05.393.620.500.725'], ['C01.207.245.340.300.887', 'C01.207.399.750.300.887', 'C01.920.500.343.950', 'C01.925.081.343.950', 'C01.925.182.525.300.850', 'C01.925.782.310.950', 'C01.925.782.350.250.900', 'C10.228.140.430.520.750.300.887', 'C10.228.228.245.340.300.887', 'C10.228.228.399.750.300.887'], ['B04.820.230.475.950', 'B04.820.578.344.350.300.950']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Possible inhibitor from traditional Chinese medicine for the â form of calcium-dependent protein kinase type II in the treatment of major depressive disorder.
|
Recently, an important topic of major depressive disorder (MDD) had been published in 2013. MDD is one of the most prevalent and disabling mental disorders. Consequently, much research is being undertaken into the causes and treatment. It has been found that inhibition of the â form of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II (â-CaMKII) can ameliorate the disorder. Upon screening the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) database by molecular docking, sengesterone, labiatic acid, and methyl 3-O-feruloylquinate were selected for molecular dynamics. After 20 ns simulation, the RMSD, total energy, and structure variation could define the protein-ligand interaction. Furthermore, sengesterone, the principle candidate compound, has been found to have an effect on the regulation of emotions and memory development. In structure variation, we find the sample functional group of important amino acids make the protein stable and have limited variation. Due to similarity of structure variations, we suggest that these compounds may have an effect on â-CaMKII and that sengesterone may have a similar efficacy as the control. However labiatic acid may be a stronger inhibitor of â-CaMKII based on the larger RMSD and variation.
|
['Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 2', 'Depressive Disorder, Major', 'Drug Design', 'Enzyme Inhibitors', 'Humans', 'Ligands', 'Medicine, Chinese Traditional', 'Molecular Docking Simulation', 'Molecular Dynamics Simulation']
| 25,045,698
|
[['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.125.200', 'D12.644.360.100.200', 'D12.776.476.100.200'], ['F03.600.300.375'], ['E05.290.500', 'H01.158.703.007.338.500', 'H01.181.466.338.500'], ['D27.505.519.389'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D27.720.470.480'], ['E02.190.488.585.520', 'I01.076.201.450.654.558.520'], ['E05.599.595.249', 'L01.224.160.249'], ['E05.599.595.500', 'G02.111.570.895', 'L01.224.160.500']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Identity of the amino acid residues involved in C3bi binding to the I-domain supports a mosaic model to explain the broad ligand repertoire of integrin alpha M beta 2.
|
Interactions between the complement degradation product C3bi and leukocyte integrin alpha(M)beta(2) are critical for host defense against foreign pathogens and in tumor cell surveillance. To gain insight into the mechanism by which the alpha(M)I-domain of the integrin interacts with C3bi, detailed mapping of the C3bi binding site was undertaken. Previous mutagenesis studies had implicated five small structural segments within the alpha(M)I-domain in recognition of this ligand. Sets of three amino acids within the five implicated segments were mutated to the corresponding alpha(L)I-domain residues. Then, within the affected mutants, single point mutations were introduced to precisely define the requisite residues. Ultimately, H148, F150, Q204, L205, R208, T211, T213, I256, P257 were identified as being critical for C3bi binding. A synthetic peptide approach confirmed the involvement of the specified residues with the complex midsegment, Q204-I215, in C3bi recognition. Furthermore, the alpha(D)I-domain, which has a low intrinsic affinity for C3bi, acquired high affinity for the ligand when the implicated residues were inserted. The residues necessary to engage C3bi reside on or adjacent to the cation binding MIDAS site of the alpha(M)I-domain. The amino acids involved in C3bi binding are distinct from those involved in interaction of previously mapped ligands with the alpha(M)I-domain. This divergence supports a mosaic model, in which different ligands engage different amino acids to bind to alpha(M)I-domain, accounting for the broad recognition capacity of integrin alpha(M)beta(2).
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Amino Acids', 'Complement C3b Inactivator Proteins', 'Ligands', 'Macrophage-1 Antigen', 'Models, Chemical', 'Models, Molecular', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Mutagenesis, Site-Directed', 'Peptide Fragments', 'Point Mutation', 'Protein Binding', 'Protein Structure, Tertiary', 'Recombinant Fusion Proteins']
| 15,766,265
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['D12.125'], ['D12.776.124.486.274.920.325'], ['D27.720.470.480'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.408.495.500', 'D12.776.543.750.705.408.600.500', 'D12.776.543.750.705.833.500'], ['E05.599.495'], ['E05.599.595'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['E05.393.420.601.575'], ['D12.644.541'], ['G05.365.590.675'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808'], ['G02.111.570.820.709.610'], ['D12.776.828.300']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Chondrosarcoma of the larynx.
|
Two cases of laryngeal chondrosarcoma are described. The first exhibited a fibrosarcomatous differentiation, which is a rare finding in chondrosarcoma and usually indicates poor prognosis. The second was found in a larynx six years after Teflon injections for the treatment of vocal cord paralysis. The possibility of Teflon as a tumorigenic factor in this case is raised.
|
['Aged', 'Chondrosarcoma', 'Humans', 'Laryngeal Neoplasms', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Polytetrafluoroethylene']
| 2,721,410
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['C04.557.450.565.280', 'C04.557.450.795.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.588.443.665.481', 'C08.360.369', 'C08.785.481', 'C09.400.369', 'C09.647.481'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D05.750.395.616', 'D25.720.395.616', 'J01.637.051.720.395.616']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Chromosome analysis from peripheral blood lymphocytes of workers after an acute exposure to benzene.
|
A spillage of about 1200 gallons of benzene occurred during the loading of a ship, and 10 workers on a single shift were exposed to benzene. Shortly afterwards, an assay of the urine of these individuals showed that substantial amounts of phenol were being excreted. About three months after the incident samples of venous blood were taken from 10 individuals exposed to benzene and 11 men on a comparable shift who acted as controls. The lymphocytes were stimulated to divide in short term cultures. For each subject, 200 cells at metaphase were examined for chromosome damage using 48 h cultures, and sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) were analysed from about 30 cells in their second division, using 72 h cultures. The most frequent types of aberrations in all the individuals were chromatid gaps, with occasional breaks of chromatids and chromosomes. There were few exchanges within or between the arms of chromatids or chromosomes. More cells in the control than in the exposed group showed damage, an effect that was especially noticeable for chromatid gaps. All values, however, were considered to be within a normal range. There were slightly more SCE in some of the exposed individuals than in the controls and there was a trend towards a positive association between the frequency of SCE recorded for each individual and the maximum value for the excretion of phenol in the urine on the day after the incident. There is no evidence to indicate that benzene induced any type of lasting chromosome damage in the lymphocytes of the 10 exposed workers when cells were examined about three months after the incident.
|
['Accidents, Occupational', 'Benzene', 'Chromosome Aberrations', 'Crossing Over, Genetic', 'Environmental Exposure', 'Humans', 'Lymphocytes', 'Male', 'Occupational Medicine', 'Phenol', 'Phenols', 'Sister Chromatid Exchange', 'Time Factors']
| 6,722,051
|
[['N06.850.135.240'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.023'], ['C23.550.210', 'G05.365.590.175'], ['G05.728.615.200'], ['N06.850.460.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A11.118.637.555.567', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567', 'A15.382.490.555.567'], ['H02.403.720.750.510'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.657.595'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.657'], ['G05.728.615.750'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
First genetic evidence for the presence of the rumen fluke Paramphistomum epiclitum in Pakistan.
|
More than 70 species of the Superfamily Paramphistomoidea, have been identified in ruminants in different parts of the world. Most are pathogenic, causing amphistomosis. Adult flukes within this family have a predilection for the forestomach (rumen) or bile duct of the liver, where they may cause epithelial damage. Identification of adult Paramphistomum, Calicophoron, Gastrothylax and Fischoederius at the species level based on morphology requires specialised expertise, whereas molecular genetic marker analysis is more precise and transferable. In the present study, we performed molecular characterisation of twenty seven adult flukes collected from the forestomachs of buffalo, cattle and goats in the Punjab province of Pakistan. PCR and sequencing of the ITS-2 rDNA region revealed a single haplotype in all cases. Phylogenetic comparison of P. epiclitum ITS2-rDNA sequences with those from other Paramphistomum, Calicophoron, Gastrothylax and Fischoederius species was performed to assess within and between species variation and validate the use of ITS-2 rDNA as a robust species-specific marker for P. epiclitum identification. This work provides a validated species-specific marker of P. epiclitum and the first report of this parasite species from Pakistan. The results of this study also have implications for the diagnosis and control of rumen flukes in the region and the need for accurate species identification to understand parasite distribution and population genetics.
|
['Animals', 'Buffaloes', 'Cattle', 'Cattle Diseases', 'DNA, Intergenic', 'Genetic Markers', 'Goat Diseases', 'Goats', 'Haplotypes', 'Pakistan', 'Paramphistomatidae', 'Parasite Egg Count', 'Phylogeny', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Rumen', 'Trematode Infections']
| 29,758,277
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.135'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['C22.196'], ['D13.444.308.324', 'G05.360.340.024.220'], ['D23.101.387', 'G05.695.450'], ['C22.405'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.513'], ['G05.380.360'], ['Z01.252.245.723'], ['B01.050.500.500.736.715.600'], ['E01.370.225.932.600', 'E05.200.932.600'], ['G05.697', 'G16.075.605', 'L01.100.697'], ['E05.393.620.500'], ['A13.869.804'], ['C01.610.335.865']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
|
Strength and lifetime of the bond between actin and skeletal muscle alpha-actinin studied with an optical trapping technique.
|
The force required to break the bond between skeletal muscle actin and alpha-actinin (unbinding force) was measured at the level of individual molecules with an optical trapping technique. An actin filament, to the barbed-end of which was attached a gelsolin-coated polystyrene bead, was bound to alpha-actinin molecules adsorbed to a nitrocellulose-coated glass surface (approximately equal to 1 alpha-actinin molecule per 1 micron actin filament). The filament-bound bead was held by the optical trap and the force was applied to break the bond by pulling the bead. The unbinding force ranged from 1.4 to 44 pN. The average magnitude of the force was approximately equal to 18 pN. As the probability of the bond breakage has been suggested to be governed by the magnitude of the external force, the relationship was studied between the magnitude of the unbinding force and the time required to break the bond (unbinding time). The unbinding time ranged from approximately equal to 0.1 to approximately equal to 20 seconds, and tended to become shorter as the unbinding force became larger. The unbinding time seemed to be classifiable into two major groups: one group having a time value of 1 sec or less and the other having a time value ranging from several to 20 seconds. This suggests the existence of at least two classes of the actin-actinin bonds.
|
['Actinin', 'Actins', 'Animals', 'Microscopy', 'Muscle, Skeletal', 'Protein Binding', 'Rabbits']
| 8,645,711
|
[['D05.750.078.730.248', 'D12.776.210.500.095', 'D12.776.220.525.250'], ['D05.750.078.730.250', 'D12.776.210.500.100', 'D12.776.220.525.255'], ['B01.050'], ['E01.370.350.515', 'E05.595', 'H01.671.617.562'], ['A02.633.567', 'A10.690.552.500'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.968.700']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
PH-controlled two dimensional gold nanoparticle aggregates for systematic study of local surface plasmon coupling.
|
We report a way of using citrates, ionic capping molecules on gold nanoparticles, as a "tuner" to adjust the charge density on the particles by solution pH, in correlation with their association constants (pKa). We have synthesized 10% biotin-capped gold nanoparticles with 90% citrates covering on the remaining surfaces. The controlled electrostatic repulsion force between the particles determines the distance between the particles on substrate, i.e., the surface density of the particles, even for the case of immobilization via biotin-avidin reaction. Thus the density of gold nanoparticles on surface was varied in a wide range systematically, especially to high density, and the optical response of two dimensional particle aggregates was investigated to discuss the effect of local plasmon coupling. The UV-vis-Near-IR reflection absorption spectrum of the particle aggregates at low pH (pH < pKa2) appeared with a transverse resonance at ca. lamda=520 nm and a longitudinal resonance widened and red-shifted to lamda=680 nm. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) curve of the aggregates exhibits a large shift of the minimum angle position together with a significant increase of the minimum intensity (dip-up), as opposed to a small angle shift and no dip-up for well-dispersed particles. The deviation from the SPR simulation curves based on the Maxwell-Garnett (MG) theory clearly indicates the effect of local plasmon coupling in aggregates. The Kramers-Kronig transformations of the UV-vis-Near-IR spectra and the SPR data analyses with Fresnel's equations state the increase of the effective dielectric constants of the particle layers with the density of the particles and the formation of aggregates.
|
['Crystallization', 'Gold Colloid', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Macromolecular Substances', 'Materials Testing', 'Molecular Conformation', 'Nanoparticles', 'Nanostructures', 'Nanotechnology', 'Particle Size', 'Surface Plasmon Resonance', 'Surface Properties']
| 19,441,327
|
[['E05.196.300', 'G02.171'], ['D01.379.400'], ['G02.300'], ['D05'], ['E05.570'], ['G02.111.570.820'], ['J01.637.512.600'], ['J01.637.512'], ['H01.603', 'J01.897.520.600'], ['G02.712'], ['E05.196.890', 'E05.601.043.700'], ['G02.860']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Adolescents' emotion expectancies regarding aggressive and nonaggressive events: connections with behavior problems.
|
A total of 50 behaviorally disruptive (conduct-disordered or oppositional defiant-disordered) adolescents and 50 comparison adolescents assessed how they expected to feel following both aggressive and nonaggressive situations. Compared with their peers, behaviorally disruptive adolescents expected fewer normative emotions and exhibited somewhat more of an anger emphasis in their nonaggressive emotion attributions, and they expected to feel happier following acts of instrumental/proactive aggression. These patterns of emotion expectancies were linked more closely with teacher ratings of adolescents' proactive aggression than with ratings of reactive aggression. Regression analyses indicated that both nonaggression emotion expectancies and proactive aggression happiness made independent contributions to predicting adolescents' externalizing tendencies. Discussion focused on the contributions of different types of self-attributed emotion expectancies to adolescents' social understanding and behavior.
|
['Adolescent', 'Aggression', 'Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders', 'Awareness', 'Child Behavior Disorders', 'Education, Special', 'Emotions', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Individuality', 'Internal-External Control', 'Male', 'Personal Construct Theory', 'Poverty', 'Set, Psychology', 'Single-Parent Family', 'Urban Population']
| 15,560,878
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['F01.145.126.125', 'F01.145.813.045'], ['F03.625.094'], ['F02.463.188.150'], ['F03.625.141'], ['I02.233.213'], ['F01.470'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.752.488'], ['F01.829.379'], ['F02.739.660'], ['I01.880.735.634', 'I01.880.853.996.535', 'N01.824.600'], ['F02.463.425.838'], ['F01.829.263.750', 'I01.880.853.150.750'], ['N01.600.900']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Transient expression of the IL-2 receptor alpha-chain in IL-6-induced myeloid cells is regulated by autocrine production of prostaglandin E2.
|
The alpha-chain of the interleukin 2 receptor (IL-2R alpha) is expressed on monocytes and macrophages after activation by bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma). In the present study, we investigated whether the expression of IL-2R alpha is associated with the process of differentiation of myeloid cells to mature macrophages and how this expression is regulated. The murine myeloid M1 cell line, which can be induced by leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) or interleukin 6 (IL-6) to differentiate from blast cells to mature macrophages, was used as a model system for myeloid differentiation. Bone marrow (BM)-derived macrophages were used as mature myeloid cells. Cytofluorometry revealed that IL-2R alpha is transiently expressed during M1 cell differentiation, with peak levels 24 h after induction by LIF or IL-6, whereas the high affinity receptor for monomeric IgG2a (FcR), a surface marker typical for macrophage differentiation, continues to rise up to 72 h. BM-derived macrophages already express FcR but not IL-2R alpha. IL-2R alpha expression is induced on these cells after treatment by IL-6 for up to 48 h. Treatment of IL-6-induced M1 cells with indomethacin permitted a sustained expression of IL-2R alpha beyond 24 h, and this effect was reversed by the addition of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Northern analysis showed that in M1 cells the expression of mRNA for IL-2R alpha, but not for IL-2R beta, is also transient, indicating that cell surface expression of IL-2R alpha is regulated at the mRNA level. These data show that inducers of macrophage differentiation such as LIF and IL-6 can induce a transient expression of the IL-2R alpha-chain in differentiating murine myeloid M1 cells and that autocrine production of PGE2 is involved in the control of the transient expression of this receptor. However, induction of expression of IL-2R alpha by IL-6 appears to be independent of differentiation because it can be induced on fully differentiated BM-derived macrophages as well.
|
['Animals', 'Bone Marrow', 'Bone Marrow Cells', 'Cell Differentiation', 'Dinoprostone', 'Flow Cytometry', 'Growth Inhibitors', 'Interleukin-6', 'Iodine Radioisotopes', 'Leukemia Inhibitory Factor', 'Leukemia, Myeloid', 'Lymphokines', 'Macrophages', 'Peptide Fragments', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Receptors, Interleukin-2', 'Tumor Cells, Cultured']
| 1,587,308
|
[['B01.050'], ['A15.382.216'], ['A11.148', 'A15.378.316'], ['G04.152'], ['D10.251.355.255.550.250.200', 'D23.469.050.175.725.250.200'], ['E01.370.225.500.363.342', 'E01.370.225.500.386.350', 'E05.196.712.516.600.240.350', 'E05.200.500.363.342', 'E05.200.500.386.350', 'E05.242.363.342', 'E05.242.386.350'], ['D27.505.696.377.450'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.224', 'D12.776.467.374.465.202', 'D23.529.374.465.224'], ['D01.268.380.400.500.496', 'D01.496.448.496', 'D01.496.749.474'], ['D12.644.276.374.470', 'D12.776.467.374.470', 'D23.529.374.470'], ['C04.557.337.539'], ['D12.644.276.374.480', 'D12.776.467.374.480', 'D23.529.374.480'], ['A11.329.372', 'A11.627.482', 'A11.733.397', 'A15.382.670.522', 'A15.382.680.397'], ['D12.644.541'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.852.420.320'], ['A11.251.860']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Case Report of Metronidazole-Induced Encephalopathy.
|
This report describes the case of an 83-year-old woman who was admitted to a hospitalist service with weakness and falls. She was transferred from an outside facility where she was treated with 3 courses of metronidazole for diagnosed Clostridium difficile colitis and presumed reoccurrences. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated T2 enhancement of the dorsal pons and dentate nuclei consistent with metronidazole-induced encephalopathy. Her metronidazole was stopped and her symptoms resolved. This condition is rare, poorly understood, and causes reversible changes in the brain that are detectable through T2-weighted MRI. It will need ongoing study with current widespread use of metronidazole.
|
['Aged, 80 and over', 'Anti-Infective Agents', 'Brain Diseases', 'Clostridium Infections', 'Colitis', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Metronidazole']
| 29,357,212
|
[['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['D27.505.954.122'], ['C10.228.140'], ['C01.150.252.410.222'], ['C06.405.205.265', 'C06.405.469.158.188'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['D02.640.672.500', 'D03.383.129.308.658.500']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
ST-elevation myocardial infarction, thrombus aspiration, and different invasive strategies. A TASTE trial substudy.
|
BACKGROUND: The clinical effect of thrombus aspiration in ST-elevation myocardial infarction may depend on the type of aspiration catheter and stenting technique.METHODS AND RESULTS: The multicenter, prospective, randomized, open-label trial Thrombus Aspiration in ST-Elevation myocardial infarction in Scandinavia (TASTE) did not demonstrate a clinical benefit of thrombus aspiration compared to percutaneous coronary intervention alone. We assessed the effect of type of aspiration device, stent type, direct stenting, and postdilatation on outcomes at 1 year. There was no difference in all-cause mortality, between the 3 most frequently used aspiration catheters (Eliminate [Terumo] 5.4%, Export [Medtronic] 5.0%, Pronto [Vascular Solutions] 4.5%) in patients randomized to thrombus aspiration. There was no difference in mortality between directly stented patients randomized to thrombus aspiration compared to patients randomized to percutaneous coronary intervention only (risk ratio 1.08, 95% CI 0.70 to 1.67, P=0.73). Similarly, there was no difference in mortality between the 2 randomized groups for patients receiving drug-eluting stents (risk ratio 0.89, 95% CI 0.63 to 1.26, P=0.50) or for those treated with postdilation (risk ratio 0.72, 95% CI 0.49 to 1.07, P=0.11). Furthermore, there was no difference in rehospitalization for myocardial infarction or stent thrombosis between the randomized arms in any of the subgroups.CONCLUSIONS: In patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction randomized to thrombus aspiration, the type of aspiration catheter did not affect outcome. Stent type, direct stenting, or postdilation did not affect outcome irrespective of treatment with thrombus aspiration and percutaneous coronary intervention or percutaneous coronary intervention alone.CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: URL: ClinicalTrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01093404, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01093404.
|
['Aged', 'Cardiac Catheters', 'Coronary Thrombosis', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Myocardial Infarction', 'Percutaneous Coronary Intervention', 'Stents', 'Thrombectomy', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 26,077,585
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['E07.132.750.249'], ['C14.280.647.250.290', 'C14.907.355.830.220', 'C14.907.585.250.290'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C14.280.647.500', 'C14.907.585.500', 'C23.550.513.355.750', 'C23.550.717.489.750'], ['E04.100.814.529.968', 'E04.502.382.968'], ['E07.695.750'], ['E04.100.814.842'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Mulberry (Morus alba L.) Fruit Extract Containing Anthocyanins Improves Glycemic Control and Insulin Sensitivity via Activation of AMP-Activated Protein Kinase in Diabetic C57BL/Ksj-db/db Mice.
|
The effect of mulberry (Morus alba L.) fruit extract (MFE) on hyperglycemia and insulin sensitivity in an animal model of type 2 diabetes was evaluated. C57BL/Ksj-diabetic db/db mice were divided into three groups: diabetic control, rosiglitazone, and MFE groups. Blood glucose, plasma insulin, and intraperitoneal glucose were measured, and an insulin tolerance test was performed after MFE supplementation in db/db mice. In addition, the protein levels of various targets of insulin signaling were measured by western blotting. The blood levels of glucose and HbA1c were significantly lower in the MFE-supplemented group than in the diabetic control group. Moreover, glucose and insulin tolerance tests showed that MFE treatment increased insulin sensitivity. The homeostatic index of insulin resistance significantly decreased in the MFE-supplemented group relative to the diabetic control group. MFE supplementation significantly stimulated the levels of phosphorylated (p)-AMP-activated protein kinase (pAMPK) and p-Akt substrate of 160 kDa (pAS160) and enhanced the level of plasma membrane-glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) in skeletal muscles. Further, dietary MFE significantly increased pAMPK and decreased the levels of glucose 6-phosphatase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase in the liver. MFE may improve hyperglycemia and insulin sensitivity via activation of AMPK and AS160 in skeletal muscles and inhibition of gluconeogenesis in the liver.
|
['AMP-Activated Protein Kinases', 'Animals', 'Anthocyanins', 'Blood Glucose', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2', 'Dietary Supplements', 'Enzyme Activation', 'Fruit', 'Gluconeogenesis', 'Glucose Transporter Type 4', 'Glycated Hemoglobin A', 'Hyperglycemia', 'Hypoglycemic Agents', 'Insulin', 'Insulin Resistance', 'Liver', 'Male', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Morus', 'Muscle, Skeletal', 'Phytotherapy', 'Plant Extracts']
| 27,441,957
|
[['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.085', 'D12.644.360.062', 'D12.776.476.062'], ['B01.050'], ['D03.383.663.283.266.450.087', 'D03.633.100.150.266.450.087', 'D09.408.084', 'D23.767.124'], ['D09.947.875.359.448.500'], ['C18.452.394.750.074', 'C19.246.240', 'E05.598.500.374'], ['C18.452.394.750.149', 'C19.246.300'], ['G07.203.300.456', 'J02.500.456'], ['G02.111.263', 'G03.328'], ['A18.024.500', 'G07.203.300.562', 'J02.500.562'], ['G02.111.158.500', 'G03.191.500'], ['D12.776.157.530.500.500.937', 'D12.776.157.530.937.563.937', 'D12.776.543.585.500.500.937', 'D12.776.543.585.937.625.937'], ['D09.400.430.937', 'D12.776.124.400.405.440', 'D12.776.395.381', 'D12.776.422.316.762.380.440'], ['C18.452.394.952'], ['D27.505.696.422'], ['D06.472.699.587.200.500.625', 'D12.644.548.586.200.500.625'], ['C18.452.394.968.500', 'G07.690.773.984.617'], ['A03.620'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.859.937.406.633'], ['A02.633.567', 'A10.690.552.500'], ['E02.190.755'], ['D20.215.784.500', 'D26.667']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Interactions between HIV-1 and cytomegalovirus in human osteosarcoma cells carrying both viruses.
|
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) and the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) may interact in the pathogenesis of AIDS. We compared CMV replication in human osteosarcoma (HOS) cells to that in HOS cells genetically engineered to contain an envelope-deficient HIV-1 proviral construct (designated HOS-HXG). Following acute CMV infection of each cell line, HOS-HXG cells contained higher numbers of intranuclear CMV nucleocapsids than did HOS cells. Infectious CMV could be persistently detected in culture supernatant fluids of the CMV-infected HOS-HXG cells, whereas CMV was lost over several weeks from HOS cells infected with CMV in parallel. HIV-1 CMV pseudotypes were not detected in supernatant fluids from CMV-infected HOS-HXG cells. On day 119 after CMV infection, these cultures were superinfected with HIV-1. These dually infected HOS-HXG cells produced infectious HIV-1 and exhibited markedly enhanced CMV replication compared to parental CMV-infected HOS-HXG cells. Two different HIV-1 tat gene function antagonists, Ro24-7429 and chemically modified antibodies to the Tat protein, did not inhibit the replication of CMV in either acute or persistent infections of HOS-HXG cells at concentrations that inhibited HIV-1 replication.
|
['Antiviral Agents', 'Benzodiazepines', 'Cytomegalovirus', 'Drug Resistance, Microbial', 'Gene Products, env', 'Gene Products, tat', 'HIV-1', 'Humans', 'Mycophenolic Acid', 'Osteosarcoma', 'Proviruses', 'Pyrroles', 'Sequence Deletion', 'Superinfection', 'Tumor Cells, Cultured', 'Virus Replication', 'tat Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus']
| 8,394,095
|
[['D27.505.954.122.388'], ['D03.633.100.079.080'], ['B04.280.382.150.150'], ['G06.225', 'G07.690.773.984.269'], ['D12.776.775.320', 'D12.776.964.775.325', 'D12.776.964.970.880.325'], ['D12.776.260.755.199', 'D12.776.930.900.199', 'D12.776.964.900.750.750', 'D12.776.964.925.984.400'], ['B04.820.650.589.650.350.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D02.241.081.193.678', 'D10.251.618'], ['C04.557.450.565.575.650', 'C04.557.450.795.620'], ['B04.725'], ['D03.383.129.578'], ['G05.365.590.762', 'G05.558.800'], ['C01.597.880', 'C01.610.684.880', 'C01.925.597.880'], ['A11.251.860'], ['G06.920.925'], ['D12.776.260.755.199.500', 'D12.776.930.900.199.500', 'D12.776.964.775.562.773', 'D12.776.964.900.750.750.500', 'D12.776.964.925.984.400.500']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Dietary essential fatty acids change the fatty acid profile of rat neural mitochondria over time.
|
This experiment examined the time course over which the amount of dietary essential fatty acids (EFA) affects brain mitochondrial fatty acids. Weanling rats were fed 20% (wt/wt) fat diets that contained either 4 or 15% (wt/wt of diet) EFA for 1, 2, 3 or 6 wk or a 10% EFA diet for 3 or 6 wk. The EFA ratio [18:2(n-6)/18:3(n-3)] of all diets was approximately 30. Fatty acid analysis of brain mitochondrial phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine and cardiolipin revealed that the largest dietary effect was on 18:2(n-6), which was 30% higher in rats fed the 15 vs. 4% EFA diets after 1 wk. This difference increased to twofold by 3 wk and was still twofold after 6 wk. These results demonstrate several facts: 1) the response of 18:2(n-6) in cardiolipin to dietary EFA is very fast and large, relative to changes in other quantitatively major fatty acids observed in weanling rats; 2) the 18:2(n-6) level in neural cardiolipin stabilizes after 3 wk of feeding at a level dependent upon the amount of dietary EFA; and 3) at least one neural fatty acid, 18:2(n-6), is very sensitive to amounts of dietary EFA that are well above the animal's EFA requirement.
|
['Animals', 'Body Weight', 'Brain', 'Cardiolipins', 'Diet', 'Energy Intake', 'Fatty Acids, Essential', 'Male', 'Mitochondria', 'Organ Size', 'Phosphatidylcholines', 'Phosphatidylethanolamines', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Strains']
| 1,765,818
|
[['B01.050'], ['C23.888.144', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120', 'E05.041.124.160.750', 'G07.100.100.160.120', 'G07.345.249.314.120'], ['A08.186.211'], ['D10.570.755.375.760.400.885.185', 'D23.050.550.480.330'], ['G07.203.650.240'], ['G07.203.650.240.340'], ['D10.251.355.310'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.564', 'A11.284.835.626'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.660', 'E05.041.124.715', 'G07.100.100.660', 'G07.345.249.690'], ['D10.570.755.375.760.400.800'], ['D10.570.755.375.760.400.840'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The CMS Quality Roadmap: quality plus efficiency.
|
In addition to demonstrating wide variations in costs, resource inputs, and quality in California hospitals, John Wennberg and colleagues demonstrate that higher quality of care might be associated with increased delivery system efficiencies and lower costs. The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) is attempting to address issues raised by Wennberg in implementation of its Quality Roadmap. The CMS is actively working with health care stakeholders to identify health care efficiency measures, to address opportunities for improvement in health care quality and efficiency, and to consider policy approaches for reducing regional variation in quality and efficiency.
|
['California', 'Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, U.S.', 'Efficiency, Organizational', 'Hospitals', "Practice Patterns, Physicians'", 'Quality Assurance, Health Care', 'United States']
| 16,291,778
|
[['Z01.107.567.875.580.200', 'Z01.107.567.875.760.200'], ['I01.409.418.750.600.310', 'N03.540.348.500.500.600.550'], ['N04.452.209.500'], ['N02.278.421'], ['N04.590.374.577', 'N05.300.625'], ['N04.761.700', 'N05.700'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]
|
['Geographicals [Z]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
p16INK4a polymorphism: associations with tumour progression in patients with sporadic colorectal cancer.
|
Deregulated tumour expression of p16INK4a has previously been described in association with clinical progression in sporadic colorectal cancer patients (CRC). Furthermore, p16INK4a promoter hypermethylation leading to gene silencing has been shown to occur in advanced colorectal tumours and has been associated with patient survival. p16INK4a is polymorphic, with variant alleles being associated with tumour progression in melanoma. In this study we have examined p16INK4a polymorphism as a marker of tumour progression in sporadic CRC. Polymorphic sites G/A(442), C/G(500), and C/T(540), were studied, these alleles obeyed Hardy Weinberg equilibrium in a control group, but not in the CRC cases. G/A(442) and CG(500) alleles were in linkage disequilibrium in both cases and controls. In controls the C/T(540) alleles demonstrated no linkage with either other site, whilst an association was demonstrated between C/G(500) and C/T(540) alleles in the cases (p=0.011). Furthermore, the distribution of C/T(540) genotypes was different between the groups (p=0.002). Within the CRC cases, patients with the GG(442) genotype were more commonly associated with decreased tumour differentiation (p=0.018), advancing Dukes' stage (p=0.006) and T-stage (p=0.007) than patients with the GA(442) and AA(442) genotypes. Patients with the CC(500) genotype were more commonly associated with decreased tumour differentiation (p=0.012), advancing Dukes' stage (p=0.015), and N-stage (p=0.031). No associations between patient C/T(540) genotype and clinical prognostic parameters were found. An analysis of patient tumour expression with p16INK4a genotype revealed patients with the CC(500) genotype were more commonly associated with reduced tumour p16 expression (p=0.046). In summary our data indicate that p16INK4a polymorphism is associated with tumour progression in patients with sporadic CRC.
|
['Colorectal Neoplasms', 'Disease Progression', 'Gene Expression Profiling', 'Genes, p16', 'Genotype', 'Humans', 'Linkage Disequilibrium', 'Neoplasm Staging', 'Polymorphism, Genetic', 'Prognosis', 'Survival Analysis']
| 15,492,837
|
[['C04.588.274.476.411.307', 'C06.301.371.411.307', 'C06.405.249.411.307', 'C06.405.469.158.356', 'C06.405.469.491.307', 'C06.405.469.860.180'], ['C23.550.291.656'], ['E05.393.332'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.375.249.375', 'G05.360.340.024.340.415.400.375'], ['G05.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G05.348.500'], ['E01.789.625'], ['G05.365.795'], ['E01.789'], ['E05.318.740.998', 'N05.715.360.750.795', 'N06.850.520.830.998']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Developing a sense of safety: the neurobiology of neonatal attachment.
|
Clinical data suggests a strong negative impact of traumatic attachments on adult mental illness, presumably through organizing brain development. To further explore this clinical issue, a mammalian model of imprinting was developed to characterize the neural basis of attachment in both healthy and traumatic attachments. The altricial neonatal rat must learn the mother's odor for nipple attachment, huddling, and orienting to the mother, all of which are required for pup survival. While it appears maladaptive to depend upon learning for attachment, the unique learning system of neonatal pups greatly enhances odor-preference learning and attachment while pups are confined to the nest. This heightened learning is expressed behaviorally as an enhanced ability to acquire learned odor preferences and a decreased ability to acquire learned odor aversions. Specifically, both odor-milk and odor-shock (0.5 mA) conditioning result in odor-preference acquisition. It appears as though there are at least three brain structures underlying the neonatal rat's sensitive period for heightened odor learning: (1) odor learning is encoded in the olfactory bulb; (2) the hyperfunctioning noradrenergic locus coeruleus (LC) appears to support preference conditioning through release of NE; and (3) the hypofunctioning amygdala appears to underlie pups' difficulty in learning odor aversions. Overall, this suggests that the CNS of altricial infants is specialized for optimizing attachments to their caregiver.
|
['Amygdala', 'Child Development', 'Conditioning, Classical', 'Environment', 'Humans', 'Hydrocortisone', 'Infant', 'Infant Behavior', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Learning', 'Locus Coeruleus', 'Mother-Child Relations', 'Nerve Net', 'Norepinephrine', 'Object Attachment', 'Olfactory Bulb', 'Safety', 'Stress, Psychological']
| 14,998,878
|
[['A08.186.211.180.090', 'A08.186.211.200.885.287.249.152'], ['F01.525.200', 'G07.345.374.750'], ['F02.463.425.179.308'], ['G16.500.275', 'N06.230'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D04.210.500.745.745.654.600', 'D06.472.040.585.353.476', 'D06.472.040.585.478.392'], ['M01.060.703'], ['F01.145.179.500'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['F02.463.425', 'F02.784.629.529'], ['A08.186.211.132.659.473', 'A08.186.211.132.810.428.600.650.437'], ['F01.829.263.370.290.170'], ['A08.511'], ['D02.033.100.291.502', 'D02.092.063.480', 'D02.092.211.215.746', 'D02.092.311.830', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.175.830'], ['F02.739.794.624'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.388'], ['N06.850.135.060.075'], ['F01.145.126.990', 'F02.830.900']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Anaesthetic vapour concentrations in the EMO system.
|
Measurements of the vapour concentrations delivered by the EMO and Oxford Miniature Vaporizers (OMV) were made with both continuous (plenum mode) and intermittent (drawover mode) air flows. Leakage of ether, halothane and trichloroethylene vapours through the corrugated elephant tubing was also measured. Both vaporizers performed most consistently with the intermittent flows for which they were designed. Outputs were minimal at very low carrier gas flows, reached their greatest at the higher settings in the middle flow range and tended to be low at the highest flows. These effects were far more notable with continuous than with intermittent flows. Minimal amounts of ether were lost through the tubing but halothane losses were appreciable, while losses of trichloroethylene were enough to reduce the concentrations available to the patient. The EMO is not suitable for plenum use with carrier gas flows below about 10 litres/min. The OMV is a useful plenum vaporizer although the outputs are generally lower than indicated at higher flows.
|
['Adult', 'Anesthesia, Inhalation', 'Anesthetics', 'Ether', 'Halothane', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Respiration', 'Trichloroethylene', 'Volatilization']
| 6,703,272
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E03.155.197.197'], ['D27.505.696.277.100', 'D27.505.954.427.210.100'], ['D02.355.417.332'], ['D02.455.526.340'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['G09.772.705'], ['D02.455.526.439.939'], ['G01.645.750', 'G02.734.933']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Low N-ethylmaleimide concentrations activate ryanodine receptors by a reversible interaction, not an alkylation of critical thiols.
|
Previous studies proposed that N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) alkylates 3 classes of thiols on skeletal muscle ryanodine receptors (RyRs) producing 3 phases of channel modification, as function of time and concentration. NEM (5 mm) decreased, increased, and then decreased the open probability (P(o)) of the channel by thiol alkylation, a reaction not reversed by reducing agents. We now show that low NEM concentrations (20-200 microm) elicit Ca(2+) release from sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) vesicles, but contrary to expectations, the effect was fully reversed by reducing agents or by washing SR vesicles. In bilayers, NEM (0.2 mm) increased P(o) of RyRs within seconds when added to the cis (not trans) side, and dithiothreitol (DTT; 1 mm) decreased P(o) in seconds. High (5 mm) NEM concentrations elicited SR Ca(2+) release that was not reversed by DTT, as expected for an alkylation reaction. A non-sulfhydryl reagent structurally related to NEM, N-ethylsuccinimide (0.1-0.5 mm), also elicited SR Ca(2+) release that was not reversed by DTT (1 mm). Other alkylating agents elicited SR Ca(2+) release, which was fully (N-methylmaleimide) or partially (iodoacetic acid) reversed by DTT and inhibited by ruthenium red. Nitric oxide (NO) donors at concentrations that did not activate RyRs inhibited NEM-induced Ca(2+) release, most likely by an interaction of NO with NEM rather than an inactivation of RyRs by NO. Thus, at low concentrations, NEM does not act as a selective thiol reagent and activates RyRs without alkylating critical thiols indicating that the multiple phases of ryanodine binding are unrelated to RyR activity or to NEM alkylation of RyRs.
|
['Alkylation', 'Animals', 'Calcium', 'Ethylmaleimide', 'Muscle, Skeletal', 'Nitric Oxide', 'Rabbits', 'Ruthenium Red', 'Ryanodine', 'Ryanodine Receptor Calcium Release Channel', 'Sarcoplasmic Reticulum', 'Sulfhydryl Compounds']
| 10,998,412
|
[['G02.111.035', 'G02.607.094', 'G03.059'], ['B01.050'], ['D01.268.552.100', 'D01.552.539.288', 'D23.119.100'], ['D02.241.081.337.502.524.418', 'D02.478.440.418', 'D03.383.129.578.399.418'], ['A02.633.567', 'A10.690.552.500'], ['D01.339.387', 'D01.625.550.500', 'D01.625.700.500', 'D01.650.550.587.600'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.968.700'], ['D01.210.837', 'D01.625.800', 'D01.765.765'], ['D02.455.849.291.686', 'D03.132.740', 'D03.383.129.578.805'], ['D12.776.157.530.400.150.800', 'D12.776.210.500.800', 'D12.776.543.550.450.150.800', 'D12.776.543.585.400.150.800'], ['A10.690.552.500.500.850', 'A11.284.430.214.190.875.248.310.800'], ['D02.886.489']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Randomly connected networks generate emergent selectivity and predict decoding properties of large populations of neurons.
|
Modern recording methods enable sampling of thousands of neurons during the performance of behavioral tasks, raising the question of how recorded activity relates to theoretical models. In the context of decision making, functional connectivity between choice-selective cortical neurons was recently reported. The straightforward interpretation of these data suggests the existence of selective pools of inhibitory and excitatory neurons. Computationally investigating an alternative mechanism for these experimental observations, we find that a randomly connected network of excitatory and inhibitory neurons generates single-cell selectivity, patterns of pairwise correlations, and the same ability of excitatory and inhibitory populations to predict choice, as in experimental observations. Further, we predict that, for this task, there are no anatomically defined subpopulations of neurons representing choice, and that choice preference of a particular neuron changes with the details of the task. We suggest that distributed stimulus selectivity and functional organization in population codes could be emergent properties of randomly connected networks.
|
['Action Potentials', 'Animals', 'Models, Neurological', 'Nerve Net', 'Neurons']
| 32,379,751
|
[['G04.580.100', 'G07.265.675.100', 'G11.561.570.100'], ['B01.050'], ['E05.599.395.642'], ['A08.511'], ['A08.675', 'A11.671']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The use of morphological characteristics and texture analysis in the identification of tissue composition in prostatic neoplasia.
|
Quantitative examination of prostate histology offers clues in the diagnostic classification of lesions and in the prediction of response to treatment and prognosis. To facilitate the collection of quantitative data, the development of machine vision systems is necessary. This study explored the use of imaging for identifying tissue abnormalities in prostate histology. Medium-power histological scenes were recorded from whole-mount radical prostatectomy sections at x 40 objective magnification and assessed by a pathologist as exhibiting stroma, normal tissue (nonneoplastic epithelial component), or prostatic carcinoma (PCa). A machine vision system was developed that divided the scenes into subregions of 100 x 100 pixels and subjected each to image-processing techniques. Analysis of morphological characteristics allowed the identification of normal tissue. Analysis of image texture demonstrated that Haralick feature 4 was the most suitable for discriminating stroma from PCa. Using these morphological and texture measurements, it was possible to define a classification scheme for each subregion. The machine vision system is designed to integrate these classification rules and generate digital maps of tissue composition from the classification of subregions; 79.3% of subregions were correctly classified. Established classification rates have demonstrated the validity of the methodology on small scenes; a logical extension was to apply the methodology to whole slide images via scanning technology. The machine vision system is capable of classifying these images. The machine vision system developed in this project facilitates the exploration of morphological and texture characteristics in quantifying tissue composition. It also illustrates the potential of quantitative methods to provide highly discriminatory information in the automated identification of prostatic lesions using computer vision.
|
['Humans', 'Image Processing, Computer-Assisted', 'Male', 'Prostatic Neoplasms', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Sensitivity and Specificity']
| 15,343,515
|
[['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.224.308'], ['C04.588.945.440.770', 'C12.294.260.750', 'C12.294.565.625', 'C12.758.409.750'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
What type of service provision do patients with chronic pain want from primary care providers?
|
PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to explore what types of service provision patients with chronic pain wanted from their general practitioners (GP).METHOD: A small scale survey measured anxiety and depression and quantified the extent to which patients wanted four different types of help from their GP (explanation and understanding, medical treatment, psychological support and information). An opportunistic sample of 155 patients (30.3% male and 69.7% female) was recruited from three general practice surgeries in the northwest region of Northern Ireland. Ninety-one participants self-reported chronic pain and there were 64 in the no pain group.RESULTS: Even after statistically controlling for anxiety and depression, individuals in the chronic pain group had a greater need for emotional/psychological support and explanation and understanding from their GPs. There were no significant differences between the groups with respect to the need for more information or medical treatment.CONCLUSIONS: A biopsychosocial approach should be employed in the management of chronic pain, however as this study shows, some primary care patients are still being treated within a biomedical framework. To address the unmet needs of this patient population, there is a need for clinical guidelines in the management of chronic pain in primary care settings. Limitations of the present research, with recommendations for future study are offered.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Chronic Disease', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Pain Management', 'Patient Preference', 'Physician-Patient Relations', 'Primary Health Care', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Young Adult']
| 19,294,547
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['C23.550.291.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E02.745', 'N04.590.607.500'], ['F01.100.150.750.625.500', 'F01.145.488.887.625.500', 'N04.452.822.700.500', 'N05.300.150.800.625.500'], ['F01.829.401.650.675', 'N05.300.660.625'], ['N04.590.233.727'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Optimizing injected dose in clinical PET by accurately modeling the counting-rate response functions specific to individual patient scans.
|
UNLABELLED: To optimize the injected dose of radiopharmaceutical in PET, one needs to know its relationship to some metric of data quality for individual patient scans, such as noise-equivalent counting rate (NECR). In this paper, we show how one may accurately model the clinical NECR response corresponding to specific patient scans much as if a counting-rate test had been performed on each patient. We apply this technique to patient data and show how it can lead to improved clinical scanning protocols.METHODS: True and random coincidence rates expressed as functions of an appropriate measurable system parameter such as the detector single-event rate have functional forms that are largely independent of the object being scanned. Thus, reference true and random response functions may be scaled directly to the specific counting rates measured on a clinical scan, thereby yielding a curve of NECR versus injected dose. We have applied this technique to 2 groups of 163 clinical (18)F-FDG scans each. One of the groups was obtained on a lutetium oxyorthosilicate PET/CT scanner with conventional front-end electronics, and the other was obtained on a lutetium oxyorthosilicate PET/CT scanner with a new digital data processing system (Pico-3D).RESULTS: At 90%-95% of maximum signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), the mean optimal dose for a 60-min uptake period ranged from 366 to 717 MBq depending on the electronics and randoms processing method. There was only a slight (1 MBq/kg) dependence of optimal dose on patient weight but a larger dependence on position in the body. Pico-3D electronics improved optimal data SNR by 35% for a 70-kg person, but in both cases NECR fell rapidly with increasing weight (1.4%/kg). For an equivalent data SNR, a 120-kg person would have to be scanned 2.3 times longer than a 60-kg person. Over this range of weight, the mean scatter fraction increased by 12% whereas the ratio of mean randoms to trues increased by 48%.CONCLUSION: The methodology developed here allows one to directly estimate the optimal dose to inject for specific clinical scans and permits a detailed analysis of the sources of noise in PET data and of their variation with parameters such as patient weight.
|
['Computer Simulation', 'Drug Administration Schedule', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Image Enhancement', 'Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted', 'Injections', 'Male', 'Models, Biological', 'Positron-Emission Tomography', 'Quality Assurance, Health Care', 'Radiopharmaceuticals', 'Reference Standards', 'Whole Body Imaging', 'Whole-Body Counting']
| 16,269,596
|
[['L01.224.160'], ['E02.319.283'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.600.350', 'L01.224.308.380'], ['E01.158.600', 'E01.370.350.350', 'L01.313.500.750.100.158.600'], ['E02.319.267.530'], ['E05.599.395'], ['E01.370.350.350.800.700', 'E01.370.350.600.350.800.399', 'E01.370.350.710.800.399', 'E01.370.350.825.800.399', 'E01.370.384.730.800.399'], ['N04.761.700', 'N05.700'], ['D27.505.259.843', 'D27.505.519.871', 'D27.720.470.410.650'], ['E05.978.808'], ['E01.370.350.925', 'E05.979'], ['E05.799.950']]
|
['Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Biochemical and molecular characterization of a lipase produced by Rhizopus oryzae.
|
A novel strain of Rhizopus oryzae WPG secretes a noninduced lipase (ROLw) in the culture medium; purified ROLw is a protein of 29 kDa, the 45 N-terminal amino acid residues were sequenced, this sequence is very homologous to Rhizopus delemar lipase (RDL), Rhizopus niveus lipase (RNL) and R. oryzae lipase (ROL29) sequences; the cloning and sequencing of the part of the gene encoding the mature ROLw, shows two nucleotides differences with RDL, RNL and ROL29 sequences corresponding to the change of the residues 134 and 200; ROLw does not present the interfacial activation phenomenon when using tripropionin or vinyl propionate as substrates; the lipase activity is maximal at pH 8 and at 37 degrees C, specific activities of 3500 or 900 U mg(-1) were measured at 37 degrees C and at pH 8, using olive oil emulsion or tributyrin as substrates, respectively; ROLw is unable to hydrolyse triacylglycerols in the presence of high concentration of bile salts; it is a serine enzyme as it is inhibited by tetrahydrolipstatin and was stable between pH 5 and pH 8.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Cloning, Molecular', 'Enzyme Activation', 'Lipase', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Rhizopus', 'Sequence Analysis, DNA', 'Structure-Activity Relationship', 'Triglycerides']
| 16,842,350
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['E05.393.220'], ['G02.111.263', 'G03.328'], ['D08.811.277.352.100.400'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['B01.300.300.500.800'], ['E05.393.760.700'], ['G02.111.830', 'G07.690.773.997'], ['D10.351.801']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Classification of Two Class Motor Imagery Tasks Using Hybrid GA-PSO Based K-Means Clustering.
|
Transferring the brain computer interface (BCI) from laboratory condition to meet the real world application needs BCI to be applied asynchronously without any time constraint. High level of dynamism in the electroencephalogram (EEG) signal reasons us to look toward evolutionary algorithm (EA). Motivated by these two facts, in this work a hybrid GA-PSO based K-means clustering technique has been used to distinguish two class motor imagery (MI) tasks. The proposed hybrid GA-PSO based K-means clustering is found to outperform genetic algorithm (GA) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) based K-means clustering techniques in terms of both accuracy and execution time. The lesser execution time of hybrid GA-PSO technique makes it suitable for real time BCI application. Time frequency representation (TFR) techniques have been used to extract the feature of the signal under investigation. TFRs based features are extracted and relying on the concept of event related synchronization (ERD) and desynchronization (ERD) feature vector is formed.
|
['Adult', 'Algorithms', 'Brain', 'Brain Waves', 'Brain-Computer Interfaces', 'Cluster Analysis', 'Discriminant Analysis', 'Electroencephalography', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Imagination', 'Male', 'Movement', 'Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted', 'User-Computer Interface', 'Young Adult']
| 25,972,896
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['A08.186.211'], ['E01.370.376.300.150', 'E01.370.405.245.287', 'G07.265.087', 'G11.561.127'], ['E07.305.076'], ['E05.318.740.250', 'N05.715.360.750.200', 'N06.850.520.830.250'], ['E05.318.740.350', 'N05.715.360.750.325', 'N06.850.520.830.350'], ['E01.370.376.300', 'E01.370.405.245'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F02.463.188.634'], ['G07.568', 'G11.427.410'], ['L01.224.800'], ['L01.224.900.910'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Maternal hyperglycemia modifies extracellular matrix signaling pathways in neonatal rat lung.
|
BACKGROUND: Maternal diabetes is associated with numerous adverse effects in fetal and neonatal organs, including the lungs.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of intrauterine hyperglycemia on neonatal lung biological signaling, we performed a microarray analysis in the lungs of four 14-day-old rat pups born to a hyperglycemic dam and in four age mate control pup lungs.METHODS: Total RNA was isolated and cDNA was hybridized to the Illumina Sentrix® RatRef-12 BeadChip. A total of 22,000 genes were analyzed for expression profiles and functional gene clustering. Ten selected genes differentially expressed in microarray were additionally analyzed by the real-time polymerase chain reaction.RESULTS: Two hundred twenty-seven genes were differentially expressed in neonatal rat lungs exposed to intrauterine hyperglycemia when compared to normoglycemic controls (fold change > 1.2, p < 0.001). Functional clustering analysis revealed increased expression in signaling pathways involved with extracellular matrix regulation. The most significantly downregulated functions were cell proliferation, extracellular region, cell adhesion and reactive oxygen species metabolism.CONCLUSION: We found significant hyperglycemia-induced gene expression alterations in neonatal rat pulmonary tissue which may interfere with lung growth and biological signaling pathways.
|
['Animals', 'Animals, Newborn', 'Blood Glucose', 'Cell Adhesion', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental', 'Extracellular Matrix', 'Female', 'Gene Expression Profiling', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental', 'Hyperglycemia', 'Lactation', 'Lung', 'Maternal-Fetal Exchange', 'Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis', 'Pregnancy', 'Pregnancy in Diabetics', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Reactive Oxygen Species', 'Signal Transduction', 'Tissue Array Analysis', 'Weight Gain']
| 21,051,908
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.050.282'], ['D09.947.875.359.448.500'], ['G04.022'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['C18.452.394.750.074', 'C19.246.240', 'E05.598.500.374'], ['A11.284.295.310'], ['E05.393.332'], ['G05.308.310'], ['C18.452.394.952'], ['G08.686.523', 'G08.686.702.500'], ['A04.411'], ['G08.686.784.769.455'], ['E05.393.661.640', 'E05.393.760.640', 'E05.588.570.660', 'E05.601.640'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['C13.703.726'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['D01.339.431', 'D01.650.775'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['E05.588.570.850'], ['C23.888.144.243.926', 'G07.345.249.314.120.200.926']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Characterization of irreversible electroporation ablation in in vivo porcine liver.
|
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to prospectively characterize and optimize irreversible electroporation ablation to determine the best parameters to achieve the largest target zones of coagulation for two electrodes.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ultrasound-guided irreversible electroporation ablation (n=110) was performed in vivo in 25 pig livers using two 18-gauge electroporation electrodes and an irreversible electroporation generator. Five variables for energy deposition and electrode configuration were sequentially studied: number of electrical pulses (n=20-90), length of pulses (20-100 microseconds), generator voltage (2250-3000 V), interelectrode spacing (1.5-2.5 cm), and length of active electrode exposure (1.0-3.0 cm). Zones of ablation were determined at gross pathology and histopathology 2-3 hours after irreversible electroporation. Dimensions were compared and subjected to statistical analysis.RESULTS: For 1.5-cm spacing and 2-cm electrode exposure at 2250 V, there was no statistical difference in the size of coagulation when varying the number or length of pulses from 50 to 90 repetitions or 50-100 microseconds, respectively, with each parameter combination yielding 3.0±0.4?1.7±0.4?3.0±0.6 cm (width, depth, and height, respectively). Yet, increasing the pulse width or number over 70 caused increased hyperechogenic or gas and coagulation around the electrode. Increasing the voltage from 2250-3000 V for 70 pulses of 70 microseconds increased coagulation to 3.1±0.4?2.0±0.2 cm (p<0.01 for depth). Greater coagulation width of 3.9±0.5 cm (p<0.01) was achieved at 2-cm interelectrode spacing (with similar depth of 1.9±0.4 cm). However, consistent results required 90 repetitions and a 100-microsecond pulse width; 2.5-cm spacing resulted in two separate zones of ablation. Although electrode exposure did not influence width or depth, a linear correlation (r2=0.77) was noted for height, which ranged from 2.0±0.2-5.0±0.8 cm (for 1- and 3-cm exposures, respectively).CONCLUSION: Predictable zones of tissue destruction can be achieved for irreversible electroporation. Ablation dimensions are sensitive to multiple parameters, suggesting that precise technique and attention to detail will be particularly important when using this modality.
|
['Animals', 'Electroporation', 'Female', 'Liver', 'Prospective Studies', 'Swine', 'Ultrasonography, Interventional']
| 22,194,517
|
[['B01.050'], ['E05.200.500.454', 'E05.242.448', 'E05.301.500'], ['A03.620'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.880'], ['E01.370.350.850.855', 'E04.502.890']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Genetic and molecular analysis of the rpoD gene from Lactococcus lactis.
|
A gene of Lactococcus lactis ATCC19435, the product of which is homologous with the principal sigma factors of Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis, was cloned and sequenced. The deduced amino acid sequence of the 340-residue protein and the upstream open reading frame of the cloned gene showed a homology to B. subtilis sigma 43 factor (the rpoD product) and DNA primase (the dnaE product), respectively, suggesting that L. lactis also has the rpoD operon. Surprisingly, introduction of the cloned L. lactis rpoD gene into a rpoD temperature-sensitive mutant of E. coli caused partial complementation.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Bacillus subtilis', 'Bacterial Proteins', 'Base Sequence', 'Blotting, Southern', 'Cloning, Molecular', 'DNA Primase', 'DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases', 'Escherichia coli', 'Genes, Bacterial', 'Genetic Complementation Test', 'Lactococcus lactis', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Mutation', 'Operon', 'RNA Nucleotidyltransferases', 'Restriction Mapping', 'Sigma Factor', 'Temperature']
| 7,503,808
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['B03.300.390.400.158.218.725', 'B03.353.500.100.218.725', 'B03.510.100.100.218.725', 'B03.510.415.400.158.218.725', 'B03.510.460.410.158.218.725'], ['D12.776.097'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['E05.196.401.114', 'E05.301.300.087', 'E05.601.150'], ['E05.393.220'], ['D08.811.913.696.445.735.270.375'], ['D08.811.913.696.445.735.270'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.364.249', 'G05.360.340.358.024.249', 'G05.360.340.358.207.249'], ['E05.393.281.526'], ['B03.353.750.737.500.400', 'B03.510.400.800.500.400', 'B03.510.550.737.500.400'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G05.365.590'], ['G05.360.340.024.686', 'G05.360.340.358.207.500'], ['D08.811.913.696.445.735'], ['E05.393.183.620.650', 'E05.393.712'], ['D12.776.930.800'], ['G01.906.595', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710', 'G16.500.750.775.710', 'N06.230.150.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Bidirectional imaging and modeling of skin texture.
|
In this paper, we present a method of skin imaging called bidirectional imaging that captures significantly more properties of appearance than standard imaging. The observed structure of the skin's surface is greatly dependent on the angle of incident illumination and the angle of observation. Specific protocols to achieve bidirectional imaging are presented and used to create the Rutgers Skin Texture Database (clinical component). This image database is the first of its kind in the dermatology community. Skin images of several disorders under multiple controlled illumination and viewing directions are provided publicly for research and educational use. Using this skin texture database, we employ computational surface modeling to perform automated skin texture classification. The classification experiments demonstrate the usefulness of the modeling and measurement methods.
|
['Algorithms', 'Artificial Intelligence', 'Databases, Factual', 'Humans', 'Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted', 'Imaging, Three-Dimensional', 'Models, Biological', 'Pattern Recognition, Automated', 'Skin', 'Skin Diseases']
| 15,605,862
|
[['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['G17.035.250', 'L01.224.050.375'], ['L01.313.500.750.300.188.400', 'L01.470.750.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.158.600', 'E01.370.350.350', 'L01.313.500.750.100.158.600'], ['E01.370.350.400', 'L01.224.308.410'], ['E05.599.395'], ['L01.399.750'], ['A17.815'], ['C17.800']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Estrogenic and mutagenic activities of Crotalaria pallida measured by recombinant yeast assay and Ames test.
|
BACKGROUND: Crotalaria pallida Ailton is a plant belonging to the Fabaceae family, popularly known as "rattle or rattlesnake" and used in traditional medicine to treat swelling of the joints and as a vermifuge. Previous pharmacological studies have also reported anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and antifungal activities. Nevertheless, scientific information regarding this species is scarce, and there are no reports related to its possible estrogenic and mutagenic effects. Thus, the purpose of the present study was to investigate the estrogenic potential of C. pallida leaves by means of the Recombinant Yeast Assay (RYA), seeking an alternative for estrogen replacement therapy during menopause; and to reflect on the safe use of natural products to assess the mutagenic activity of the crude extract from C. pallida leaves, the dichloromethane fraction and stigmasterol by means of the Ames test.METHODS: The recombinant yeast assay with the strain BY4741 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, was performed with the ethanolic extract, dichloromethane fraction and stigmasterol isolated from the leaves of C. pallida. Mutagenic activity was evaluated by the Salmonella/microsome assay (Ames test), using the Salmonella typhimurium tester strains TA100, TA98, TA97 and TA102, with (+S9) and without (-S9) metabolization, by the preincubation method.RESULTS: All samples showed estrogenic activity, mainly stigmasterol. The ethanolic extract from C. pallida leaves showed mutagenic activity in the TA98 strain (-S9), whereas dichloromethane fraction and stigmasterol were found devoid of activity.CONCLUSION: Considering the excellent estrogenic activity performed by stigmasterol in the RYA associated with the absence of mutagenic activity when evaluated by the Ames test, stigmasterol becomes a strong candidate to be used in hormone replacement therapy during menopause.
|
['Antifungal Agents', 'Crotalaria', 'Microsomes', 'Mutagenicity Tests', 'Mutagens', 'Phytoestrogens', 'Plant Extracts', 'Plant Leaves', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae', 'Salmonella typhimurium', 'Stigmasterol']
| 24,134,316
|
[['D27.505.954.122.136'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.401.175'], ['A11.284.835.540'], ['E05.393.560', 'E05.940.560'], ['D27.888.569.468'], ['D27.505.696.399.472.277.540.500'], ['D20.215.784.500', 'D26.667'], ['A18.024.812'], ['B01.300.107.795.785.800', 'B01.300.930.705.655'], ['B03.440.450.425.800.200.825', 'B03.660.250.150.710.160.760'], ['D04.210.500.247.222.222.347.833', 'D04.210.500.247.808.756.808', 'D10.570.938.795.808', 'D23.704.500.808']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Effect of occlusal splint therapy on blink reflex time in TMJ dysfunction patients.
|
This study compares the changes that occur in latency before and after use of splint therapy in patients with TMJ dysfunction. The sensory fibers of the upper branch of the trigeminal nerve were stimulated and the time required for the sensory and motor responses to occur were measured. A reduction in latency occurred in the late component. Also a reduction of the delay occurred between ipsi and contralateral late responses. This finding can be attributed to the lateral reticular formation in the blink reflex arc. This study demonstrates a method for evaluating TMJ dysfunction and a way to monitor clinical response.
|
['Blinking', 'Humans', 'Splints', 'Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction Syndrome']
| 2,076,242
|
[['G11.561.731.127', 'G14.152'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E07.858.442.660.430.750', 'E07.858.690.725.430.750'], ['C05.500.607.221.897.897', 'C05.550.905.905', 'C05.651.243.897.897', 'C05.651.550.905', 'C07.320.610.291.897.897', 'C07.678.949']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
T cells down-regulate macrophage TNF production by IRAK1-mediated IL-10 expression and control innate hyperinflammation.
|
Endotoxemia is caused by excessive inflammation, but the immune system has various mechanisms to avoid collateral organ damage in endotoxemia. A handful of reports have shown that innate immune responses are suppressed by the adaptive immune system. However, the molecular mechanism by which adaptive immune cells suppress innate inflammatory responses is not clear. Here, we report that T cells are shown to interact with macrophages at the early stage of enodotoxemia and to prolong survival of mice through controlling TNF and IL-10 levels by macrophage CD40 stimulation. The cross-talk between CD40 and toll-like receptor (TLR4) signaling first mediates IL-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 (IRAK1) nuclear translocation and its binding to the IL-10 gene promoter in macrophages, without interfering with the NFêB pathway. IL-10 is then detected by macrophages in an autocrine fashion to destabilize Tnfa mRNA. To induce IRAK1-mediated IL-10 expression, signals from both CD40 and TLR4 are essential. CD40 signaling induces IRAK1 sumoylation in the presence of TNF receptor-associated factor 2 (TRAF2) and intracellular isoform of osteopontin (iOPN) whereas TLR4 signaling provides IFN regulatory factor 5 (IRF5) as a chaperone for sumoylated IRAK1 nuclear translocation. Interaction of T cells with macrophages was observed in the spleen in vivo after endotoxemia induction with LPS injection. Our study demonstrates a mechanistic basis for the immunosuppressive role of macrophage CD40 in LPS endotoxemia.
|
['Animals', 'Antigens, CD', 'Cell Nucleus', 'Down-Regulation', 'Inflammation', 'Interleukin-1 Receptor-Associated Kinases', 'Interleukin-10', 'Macrophages', 'Mice', 'Protein Transport', 'Signal Transduction', 'Sumoylation', 'T-Lymphocytes', 'Toll-Like Receptor 4', 'Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha']
| 24,706,909
|
[['B01.050'], ['D23.050.301.264.035', 'D23.101.100.110'], ['A11.284.430.106', 'A11.284.430.214.190.875.117'], ['G02.111.240', 'G05.308.200', 'G07.690.773.937'], ['C23.550.470'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.526', 'D12.644.360.370', 'D12.776.476.384'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.510', 'D12.776.467.374.465.510', 'D23.529.374.465.510'], ['A11.329.372', 'A11.627.482', 'A11.733.397', 'A15.382.670.522', 'A15.382.680.397'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['G03.143.700'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['G02.111.660.871.790.600.925.500', 'G02.111.691.600.775.500', 'G03.734.871.790.600.831.500', 'G05.308.670.600.831.500'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.569', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.910.500.400'], ['D12.644.276.374.500.800', 'D12.644.276.374.750.626', 'D12.776.124.900', 'D12.776.395.930', 'D12.776.467.374.500.800', 'D12.776.467.374.750.626', 'D23.529.374.500.800', 'D23.529.374.750.626']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Contribution of thickened drinks, food and enteral and parenteral fluids to fluid intake in hospitalised patients with dysphagia.
|
BACKGROUND: Studies amongst older people with acute dysphagic stroke requiring thickened fluids have assessed fluid intakes from combinations of beverage, food, enteral and parenteral sources, but not all sources simultaneously. The present study aimed to comprehensively assess total water intake from food, beverages, enteral and parenteral sources amongst dysphagic adult in-patients receiving thickened fluids.METHODS: Patients requiring thickened fluid following dysphagia diagnosis were recruited consecutively from a tertiary teaching hospital's medical and neurosurgical wards. Fluid intake from food and beverages was assessed by wastage, direct observation and quantified from enteral and parenteral sources through clinical medical records.RESULTS: No patients achieved their calculated fluid requirements unless enteral or parenteral fluids were received. The mean daily fluid intake from food was greater than from beverages whether receiving diet alone (food: 807 +/- 363 mL, food and beverages: 370 +/- 179 mL; P < 0.001) or diet with enteral or parenteral fluid support (food: 455 +/- 408 mL, food and beverages: 263 +/- 232 mL; P < 0.001). Greater daily fluid intakes occurred when receiving enteral and parenteral fluid in addition to oral dietary intake, irrespective of age group, whether assistance was required, diagnosis and whether stage 3 or stage 2 thickened fluids were required (P < 0.05). After enteral and parenteral sources, food provided the most important contribution to daily fluid intakes.CONCLUSIONS: The greatest contribution to oral fluid intake was from food, not beverages. Designing menus and food services that promote and encourage the enjoyment of fluid dense foods, in contrast to thickened beverages, may present an important way to improve fluid intakes of those with dysphagia. Supplemental enteral or parenteral fluid may be necessary to achieve minimum calculated fluid requirements.
|
['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Beverages', 'Deglutition Disorders', 'Dehydration', 'Diet', 'Drinking', 'Enteral Nutrition', 'Food', 'Hospitalization', 'Humans', 'Middle Aged', 'Parenteral Nutrition']
| 19,302,120
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['G07.203.100', 'J02.200'], ['C06.405.117.119', 'C09.775.174'], ['C18.452.950.179', 'C23.550.274'], ['G07.203.650.240'], ['G07.203.650.283.249', 'G10.261.330.249'], ['E02.421.360', 'E02.642.500.360'], ['G07.203.300', 'J02.500'], ['E02.760.400', 'N02.421.585.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E02.421.505', 'E02.642.500.505']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Utilization for protein synthesis of 2-ketoisocaproate relative to utilization of leucine, as estimated from exhalation of labelled CO2.
|
1. We have previously shown that the ratio (RWBP) of incorporation of label from 2-ketoisocaproate (KIC) into the leucine of whole-body protein to the simultaneous incorporation of label from leucine itself into protein is a measure of the nutritional efficiency of KIC as a substitute for leucine. 2. In order to determine whether RWBP can be estimated indirectly from measurement of labelled CO2 excretion, rats were injected orally or intravenously with [4,5-3H]leucine and either [1-14C]leucine or [1-14C]KIC. Expired CO2 was collected for 6 h. 3. The results show that 9-14% of KIC underwent first-pass oxidation after oral administration. When isotopes were given intravenously, the mean rate of excretion of 14CO2 from KIC, after 20 min, remained 1.8 times the mean rate of excretion of 14CO2 from leucine. 4. Mean RWBP, measured in whole-body protein in rats given isotopes orally or intravenously along with small or large doses of carriers, was the same as mean RWBP estimated from mean cumulative CO2 excretion. 5. We conclude (1) that nutritional efficiency of KIC relative to leucine can be estimated from measurement of labelled CO2 excretion, and (2) that the relative inefficiency of KIC as a substitute for leucine in the rat is attributable to first-pass oxidation of 9-14% (when given orally) and 80% greater susceptibility to systemic oxidation than leucine.
|
['Animals', 'Carbon Dioxide', 'Keto Acids', 'Leucine', 'Male', 'Oxidation-Reduction', 'Protein Biosynthesis', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Strains']
| 3,138,058
|
[['B01.050'], ['D01.200.200', 'D01.362.150', 'D01.650.550.200'], ['D02.241.755'], ['D12.125.070.637', 'D12.125.142.441'], ['G02.700', 'G03.295.531'], ['G02.111.660.871', 'G03.734.871', 'G05.297.670'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Spatial-temporal characteristics and driving factors of the human health impacts of five industrial aquatic toxic metals in China.
|
With the rapid advancement of industrialization without effective supervision, industrial aquatic toxic metal (TM) emissions pose threats to human health in China. Due to differences in socioeconomic development, the regional disparity of industrial aquatic TM emissions is obvious nationwide. In this study, the human health impacts (HHIs) of industrial aquatic TM emissions (i.e., mercury (Hg), cadmium (Cd), hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)), lead (Pb), and arsenic (As)) in the 31 provinces of China were evaluated based on the ReCiPe method, and the driving factors affecting HHIs from 2000 to 2015 were decomposed using the logarithmic mean Divisia index (LMDI) method. The results showed that the HHIs gradually decreased, with more than an 80% decrease from 2000 to 2015. The order of the TMs contributing to the national HHIs in 2015 was as follows: As (79.5%) > Cr(VI) (19.6%) > Hg (0.4%) > Pb (0.2%) = Cd (0.2%), and 21 (68%) provinces were dominated by industrial aquatic As emissions. Economic development is the major driving factor of the increase in HHIs, while the HHI strength and wastewater discharge intensity are the key driving factors causing reductions in the HHIs. Hunan, Inner Mongolia, Hubei, and Jiangxi accounted for approximately 55% of the total HHIs in 2015. Some suggestions for reducing HHIs based on the local realities of different provinces were put proposed considering two aspects: economic strategy and technical capability.
|
['China', 'Environmental Health', 'Environmental Monitoring', 'Heavy Metal Poisoning', 'Humans', 'Industry', 'Mercury', 'Metals, Heavy', 'Water Pollutants']
| 32,300,920
|
[['Z01.252.474.164'], ['H02.229'], ['N06.850.460.350.080', 'N06.850.780.375'], ['C25.723.522'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['J01.576'], ['D01.268.556.504', 'D01.268.956.437', 'D01.552.544.504'], ['D01.268.556', 'D01.552.544'], ['D27.888.284.903']]
|
['Geographicals [Z]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Sequential changes in the numbers of B and T lymphocytes and other leukocytes in the blood in Marek's disease.
|
Numbers of B, T and total lymphocytes, monocytes, heterophils, eosinophils and basophils have been examined in the peripheral blood of chickens between 2 and 42 days after infection with Marek's disease virus. During the stage of the acute restrictively productive virus infection of lymphoid tissues at 2-9 days after infection, absolute numbers of B cells, T cells, total lymphocytes and heterophils were increased, those of monocytes and eosinophils were decreased, and those of basophils were unchanged. The lymphoproliferative phase of the disease, from 21-42 days after infection leading to lymphoma formation, was accompanied by an increase in T cells, total lymphocytes and possibly eosinophils, and a decrease in B cells, monocytes, heterophils and basophils. The T-cell increase following infection occurred only in female birds, and there were more lymphomas in females than in males. The increase in lymphocytes in the blood of six birds with leukemia was mainly due to an increase in T cells, but in one bird B cells were also increased. Blast cells and atypical lymphoid cells were increased in leukemic birds. Regression coefficients were calculated between different pairs of leukocytes in infected and uninfected birds at different stages of the disease. Particularly noteworthy were the associations between B and T cell numbers, which indicated constant proportions of these cells irrespective of total numbers, possibly due to a common control mechanism.
|
['Acute Disease', 'Animals', 'B-Lymphocytes', 'Basophils', 'Chickens', 'Eosinophils', 'Female', 'Fluorescent Antibody Technique', 'Leukocyte Count', 'Leukocytes', 'Lymphoma', 'Male', 'Marek Disease', 'Monocytes', 'Sex Factors', 'T-Lymphocytes']
| 789,260
|
[['C23.550.291.125'], ['B01.050'], ['A11.063.438', 'A11.118.637.555.567.562', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.562', 'A15.382.032.438', 'A15.382.490.555.567.562'], ['A11.118.637.415.120', 'A11.627.340.120', 'A15.145.229.637.415.120', 'A15.382.490.315.120'], ['B01.050.150.900.248.350.150', 'B01.050.150.900.248.690.192'], ['A11.118.637.415.345', 'A11.627.340.345', 'A15.145.229.637.415.345', 'A15.382.490.315.251'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512.240', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512.240', 'E05.200.500.607.512.240', 'E05.200.750.551.512.240', 'E05.478.583.375'], ['E01.370.225.500.195.107.595', 'E01.370.225.625.107.595', 'E05.200.500.195.107.595', 'E05.200.625.107.595', 'E05.242.195.107.595', 'G04.140.107.595', 'G09.188.105.595'], ['A11.118.637', 'A15.145.229.637', 'A15.382.490'], ['C04.557.386', 'C15.604.515.569', 'C20.683.515.761'], ['C01.925.256.466.650', 'C01.925.928.489', 'C15.604.515.700', 'C20.683.515.840', 'C22.131.546'], ['A11.118.637.555.652', 'A11.148.580', 'A11.627.624', 'A11.733.547', 'A15.145.229.637.555.652', 'A15.378.316.580', 'A15.382.490.555.652', 'A15.382.670.547', 'A15.382.680.547'], ['N05.715.350.675', 'N06.850.490.875'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.569', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
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