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Clinical role of soluble adhesion molecules during immunotherapy for perennial allergic rhinitis.
|
BACKGROUND: Soluble forms of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1) have recently been identified in serum samples from atopic patients, but their clinical significance in the treatment of allergic diseases remains to be established.OBJECTIVE: To study the clinical roles of serum sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1 during immunotherapy for perennial allergic rhinitis.DESIGN: Our study included 30 nonatopic volunteers and 60 patients with perennial allergic rhinitis due to Dermatophagoides farinae. The 60 patients had been treated for variable periods (7.3+/-3.0 years [mean+/-SD]) with immunotherapy using a standardized D. farinae antigen. Serum samples were collected from each patient before and after immunotherapy to determine sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1 with sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.RESULTS: Serum levels of sICAM-1 in the patients before immunotherapy were higher than those in the nonatopic volunteers (P<.001). The levels of sICAM-1 in the patients' serum samples were decreased significantly after immunotherapy (P<.001), and the percentage of the decrease in the sICAM-1 levels was significantly correlated with the duration of immunotherapy (P=.04) and with the percentage of the decrease in symptom scores (P<.001). The levels of sVCAM-1 in the serum samples from the patients with severe symptoms were significantly higher before immunotherapy than those in the nonatopic volunteers (P=.002) and were significantly decreased after immunotherapy (P=.05). However, the percentage of the decrease in the sVCAM-1 levels was not correlated with the duration of immunotherapy (P=.89) or with the percentage of the decrease in symptom scores (P=.89).CONCLUSION: Decrease in serum sICAM-1 levels during immunotherapy is probably involved in the working mechanisms of immunotherapy, but modulation of serum sVCAM-1 levels is not likely related to the clinical effect of immunotherapy.
|
['Adult', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Immunotherapy', 'Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial', 'Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1']
| 9,440,779
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.095.465.425'], ['D12.776.395.550.200.450', 'D12.776.543.550.200.450', 'D23.050.301.350.450'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C08.460.799.315.500', 'C08.674.453.500', 'C09.603.799.315.500', 'C20.543.480.680.443.500'], ['D12.776.395.550.200.920', 'D12.776.543.550.200.920', 'D23.050.301.350.920']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Early renal replacement therapy in patients with postoperative acute liver failure associated with acute renal failure: effect on postoperative outcomes.
|
BACKGROUND: Acute liver failure after major surgical procedures is associated with a high risk of multiple organ failure, including acute renal failure. The optimal time to initiate renal replacement therapy for acute renal failure is controversial because of the poor overall clinical outcomes.STUDY DESIGN: From July 2002 to January 2005, all patients who had no history of liver disease, but developed acute liver failure and subsequent renal failure requiring renal replacement therapy after major surgery, at a surgical intensive care unit, were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into early or late dialysis groups based on an arbitrary blood urea nitrogen cut-off level of 80 mg/dL before renal replacement therapy.RESULTS: Eighty consecutive patients (21 women), with a mean age of 57.8+/-17.0 (SD) years, comprised the study group. The late dialysis group (n=26) had a higher ICU mortality rate (p=0.02) and a lower renal function recovery rate (p=0.02) than the early dialysis group (n=54). Fifty-three (66.3%) patients died during their ICU stay. Independent risk factors for ICU mortality were renal replacement therapy modality (intermittent hemodialysis versus continuous venous-venous hemofiltration; odds ratio [OR]=4.32, 95% CI 1.26 to 14.79; p=0.02), predialysis APACHE II score> 20 (OR=6.52, 95% CI 1.61 to 26.36; p < 0.01), and late dialysis (OR=4.01, 95% CI 1.05 to 15.27; p=0.04).CONCLUSIONS: The mortality rate in postoperative patients with acute liver failure-associated acute renal failure was very high. Earlier initiation of renal replacement therapy, based on the predialysis blood urea nitrogen level, with continuous venous-venous hemofiltration might provide a better ICU survival rate.
|
['Acute Kidney Injury', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Liver Failure, Acute', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Renal Dialysis', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 17,660,073
|
[['C12.777.419.780.050', 'C13.351.968.419.780.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C06.552.308.500.750'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C23.550.767'], ['E02.870.300', 'E02.912.800'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
A host-vector system for an Arthrobacter species.
|
An efficient host-vector system has been developed for an industrial strain of Arthrobacter sp. (NRRL B3728)used for glucose isomerase production. Protoplasts of Arthrobacter were generated by treating the cells with 0.5 mg lysozyme ml(-1) for 60 min in a solution containing 0.5 M-sucrose. Around 30% of the protoplasts regenerated on agar containing 0.5 M-sodium succinate as osmotic stabilizer. Three hybrid vectors, PBL2100, pCG1100 and pCG2100, were constructed by combining the Escherichia coli plasmid pBR322, a kanamycin- resistance gene from pNCAT4 and a cryptic plasmid from either Brevibacterium lactofermentum NCIB 9567 or Corynebacterium glutamicum NCIB 10026. These vectors transformed the protoplasts and expressed the kanamycin-resistance gene for screening. They contain a number of unique restrictions sites for cloning of foreign DNA. The transformation frequency of this system was 10(5)-10(6) transformants per micrograms of input plasmid and ws constant up to 5 micrograms of DNA. the probability of a plasmid transforming a plasmid transforming a protoplast was in the range 10(-5)-10(-6). The copy number of pBL2100 was around 5 per cell and those of pCG1100 and pCG2100 were around 33 per cell. Deletion mutants were generated from pCG2100. One of them, pCG2120, was able to transform protoplasts of strain NRRL B3728. Plasmids pBL2100 and pCG2100 were structurally stable in cells of NRRL B3728 but could not be maintained in non-selective medium. They segregated at a rate of 12.2 and 2.2% per generation respectively.
|
['Arthrobacter', 'DNA Restriction Enzymes', 'DNA, Bacterial', 'Genetic Vectors', 'Mutation', 'Plasmids']
| 2,846,755
|
[['B03.510.024.850.050', 'B03.510.460.400.400.049.074'], ['D08.811.150.280', 'D08.811.277.352.335.350.300', 'D08.811.277.352.355.325.300'], ['D13.444.308.212'], ['G05.360.337'], ['G05.365.590'], ['G05.360.600']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Neurotrophins elevate cAMP to reach a threshold required to overcome inhibition by MAG through extracellular signal-regulated kinase-dependent inhibition of phosphodiesterase.
|
Inhibitors of regeneration in myelin, such as myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG), play an important role in preventing regeneration after CNS injury. Elevation of cAMP, either with dibutyryl-cAMP (db-cAMP) or by priming with a variety of neurotrophins, overcomes inhibition by MAG and myelin. However, activation of cAMP is not generally regarded as a signaling pathway for neurotrophins. Here we show that the NGF-like neurotrophins overcome inhibition by MAG by activating tyrosine kinase receptors. We also show that activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk) by BDNF is required to overcome inhibition by MAG, and that activated Erk transiently inhibits phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4), the enzyme that hydrolyzes cAMP. Inhibition of PDE4 then allows cAMP to increase and so initiates the pathway to overcome inhibition. Furthermore, we also show that basal levels of Erk activation and basal cAMP levels contribute to the effects of db-cAMP by pushing the combined levels of cAMP above a threshold required to overcome inhibition. Together, these results not only show how NGF-like neurotrophins can elevate cAMP and overcome inhibition but also point to a novel mechanism of cross talk in neurons from the Erk to the cAMP signaling pathways.
|
["3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases", 'Animals', 'Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor', 'Bucladesine', 'CHO Cells', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Cricetinae', 'Cyclic AMP', 'Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 4', 'Enzyme Inhibitors', 'Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases', 'Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases', 'Mutation', 'Myelin-Associated Glycoprotein', 'Nerve Growth Factor', 'Nerve Growth Factors', 'Neurons', 'Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors', 'Receptors, Nerve Growth Factor', 'Signal Transduction']
| 14,684,879
|
[['D08.811.277.352.640.150', 'D12.644.360.008', 'D12.776.476.008'], ['B01.050'], ['D12.644.276.860.100', 'D12.776.467.860.100', 'D12.776.631.600.100', 'D23.529.850.100'], ['D03.633.100.759.646.138.395.250', 'D13.695.462.200.250', 'D13.695.667.138.395.250', 'D13.695.827.068.395.250'], ['A11.251.210.200', 'A11.436.155'], ['A11.251'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.075.250'], ['D03.633.100.759.646.138.395', 'D13.695.462.200', 'D13.695.667.138.395', 'D13.695.827.068.395'], ['D08.811.277.352.640.150.400', 'D12.644.360.008.400', 'D12.776.476.008.400'], ['D27.505.519.389'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.565', 'D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.200', 'D12.644.360.440', 'D12.776.476.440'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.567', 'D12.644.360.450', 'D12.776.476.450'], ['G05.365.590'], ['D12.776.395.550.570', 'D12.776.503.921.049', 'D12.776.543.550.555', 'D12.776.543.620.530', 'D12.776.631.580.500'], ['D12.644.276.860.437', 'D12.776.467.860.437', 'D12.776.631.600.437', 'D23.529.850.437'], ['D12.644.276.860', 'D12.776.467.860', 'D12.776.631.600', 'D23.529.850'], ['A08.675', 'A11.671'], ['D27.505.519.389.735'], ['D12.776.543.750.750.400.550'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Psychogenic paraplegia in a patient with normal electrophysiologic findings.
|
STUDY DESIGN: A case report of psychogenic paraplegia following a motor vehicle accident was clinically diagnosed using median (MN) and posterior tibial nerves (PTN) somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEPs).OBJECTIVE: To report an unusual case of paraplegia in spite of normal electrophysiological and non-compromising radiographic spine findings.SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Conversion disorder with motor system symptoms or deficit is a subtype which includes symptoms such as impaired motor coordination or balance, paraplegia, muscle weakness, difficulty in swallowing, and urinary retention.METHODS: The SSEPs were performed by each PTN at the ankle region behind the medial malleolus or the MN at the wrist using square wave pulses in 15 mA intensity. The SSEPs revealed well-developed somatosensory peaks for all extremities.RESULTS: Well-resolved MN-SSEPs were seen with stimulation of either arm. The principal peaks of N20 and P22 were 17 and 21 ms for both upper extremities. The principal peaks of P37 and N45 were 35 and 46 ms for both lower extremities. No side-to-side latency difference was noted. The MRI scan finding was a non-displaced L1 fracture without spinal canal compromise.CONCLUSIONS: In spite of an apparent paraplegia, contradictory clinical findings, normal neurophysiologic tests, and normal neuroradiologic findings are positive criteria for paraplegia/quadriplegia with psychogenic etiology.
|
['Accidents, Traffic', 'Adult', 'Diagnosis, Differential', 'Electromyography', 'Evoked Potentials, Somatosensory', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Neurologic Examination', 'Paraplegia', 'Psychophysiologic Disorders', 'Reference Values', 'Stress, Psychological']
| 11,781,866
|
[['N06.850.135.392'], ['M01.060.116'], ['E01.171'], ['E01.370.405.255', 'E01.370.530.255'], ['G07.265.216.500.400', 'G11.561.200.500.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.376.550', 'E01.370.600.550'], ['C10.597.622.669', 'C23.888.592.636.637'], ['C23.888.592.700'], ['E05.978.810'], ['F01.145.126.990', 'F02.830.900']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
ATP-induced shrinkage of DNA with MukB protein and the MukBEF complex of Escherichia coli.
|
Fluorescence microscopic observation of individual T4 DNA molecules revealed that the MukBEF complex (bacterial condensin) and its subunit, the MukB (a member of the SMC [structural maintenance of chromosomes] superfamily) homodimer, of Escherichia coli markedly shrunk large DNA molecules in the presence of hydrolyzable ATP. In contrast, in the presence of ADP or ATP-gammaS, the conformation of DNA was almost not changed. This suggests that the ATPase activity of subunit MukB is essential for shrinking large DNA molecules. Stretching experiments on the shrunken DNA molecules in the presence of ATP and MukBEF indicated a cross-bridging interaction between DNA molecules.
|
['Adenosine Triphosphatases', 'Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone', 'DNA, Bacterial', 'DNA-Binding Proteins', 'Escherichia coli', 'Escherichia coli Proteins', 'Microscopy, Fluorescence', 'Multiprotein Complexes', 'Repressor Proteins']
| 18,326,568
|
[['D08.811.277.040.025'], ['D12.776.660.235', 'D12.776.664.235'], ['D13.444.308.212'], ['D12.776.260'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['D12.776.097.275'], ['E01.370.350.515.458', 'E05.595.458'], ['D05.500'], ['D12.776.260.703', 'D12.776.930.780']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Degradation of P-glycoprotein by pristimerin contributes to overcoming ABCB1-mediated chemotherapeutic drug resistance in vitro.
|
ABCB1 (P-glycoprotein, ABCB1/MDR1) is one of the major members of the ABC transporters linked to MDR in cancer cells. In this study, we observed that pristimerin, a natural triterpenoid, potently decreased P-gp in a dose-dependent manner in both drug-resistant KBv200 and stable transfected HEK293/ABCB1 cell lines. Moreover, pristimerin also inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in both cell lines. Intriguingly, reverse transcription-PCR, real-time PCR and protein turn-over assay revealed that the decrease of P-gp was independent of mRNA level but primarily owing to its protein stability. Furthermore, immunofluorescence study with anti-P-gp antibody showed that pristimerin disturbed the subcellular distribution of P-gp with decreased location in the plasma membrane. Taken together, these data suggest that subcellular distribution of P-gp and subsequent downregulation by pristimerin contribute to overcoming ABCB1-mediated chemotherapeutic drug resistance. Our findings suggested inducing the decrease of P-gp membrane protein could be a new promising alternative therapeutic strategy in ABCB1-mediated MDR.
|
['ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B', 'ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Doxorubicin', 'Drug Resistance, Multiple', 'Drug Resistance, Neoplasm', 'HEK293 Cells', 'Humans', 'Proteolysis', 'Triterpenes']
| 27,840,996
|
[['D12.776.157.530.100.075', 'D12.776.157.530.450.074.500.500.250', 'D12.776.395.550.020.400', 'D12.776.543.550.192.400', 'D12.776.543.585.100.200', 'D12.776.543.585.450.074.500.500.250'], ['D12.776.157.530.100.075.063', 'D12.776.157.530.450.074.500.500.250.125', 'D12.776.395.550.020.400.153', 'D12.776.543.550.192.400.153', 'D12.776.543.585.100.200.125', 'D12.776.543.585.450.074.500.500.250.125'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['A11.251'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.562.050.200.175', 'D04.615.562.050.200.175', 'D09.408.051.059.200.175'], ['G07.690.773.984.300'], ['G07.690.773.984.395'], ['A11.251.210.172.750', 'A11.436.334'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G02.111.720', 'G03.812'], ['D02.455.849.919']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Frequent and variable abnormalities in p14 tumor suppressor gene in glioma cell lines.
|
Ten glioma cell lines were examined for abnormalities of exon 1beta of the p14 gene and then for abnormalities of the entire p14 gene with the use of previous findings of other exons. Abnormalities of exon 1beta and the entire p14 gene were detected in eight of ten cases: homozygous deletion of the entire gene in six cases, hemizygous deletion of exon 1beta with homozygous deletion of downstream exons in one case, and hemizygous deletion of the entire coding region with a missense mutation (A97V) at the C-terminal nucleolar localization domain in one case. The remaining two cases revealed no such abnormalities. p14 gene expression was observed in the latter two cases and one case with A97V mutation in the hemizygously deleted coding region, but not in the others, including one case with only exon 1beta. In the three cases with p14 gene expression, immunocytochemistry revealed p14 nucleolar staining, suggesting the retention of the functional activity of p14 protein and, in the case with the A97V mutation, an insufficient mutational effect as well. The present findings of the frequent and variable p14 gene abnormalities, including rare-type ones with or without sufficient mutational effect in glioma cell lines, might be of value for better understanding of the p14 gene and its related pathways in glioma carcinogenesis.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Base Sequence', 'Blotting, Northern', 'Blotting, Southern', 'Blotting, Western', 'Brain Neoplasms', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Female', 'Gene Expression', 'Glioma', 'Humans', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mdm2', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Tumor Suppressor Protein p14ARF']
| 18,415,661
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['E05.196.401.095', 'E05.301.300.074', 'E05.601.100'], ['E05.196.401.114', 'E05.301.300.087', 'E05.601.150'], ['E05.196.401.143', 'E05.301.300.096', 'E05.478.566.320.200', 'E05.601.262', 'E05.601.470.320.200'], ['C04.588.614.250.195', 'C10.228.140.211', 'C10.551.240.250'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['G05.297'], ['C04.557.465.625.600.380', 'C04.557.470.670.380', 'C04.557.580.625.600.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.670.325.350', 'E01.370.225.750.600.670.325.350', 'E05.200.500.620.670.325.350', 'E05.200.750.600.670.325.350', 'E05.393.285.350', 'E05.393.661.475.350'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D08.811.464.938.750.562', 'D12.776.624.664.700.185', 'D12.776.660.764'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['E05.393.620.500.725'], ['D12.776.167.600', 'D12.776.624.776.772']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Audiovisual interactions depend on context of congruency.
|
In this study, we addressed how the particular context of stimulus congruency influences audiovisual interactions. We combined an audiovisual congruency task with a proportion-of-congruency manipulation. In Experiment 1, we demonstrated that the perceived duration of a visual stimulus is modulated by the actual duration of a synchronously presented auditory stimulus. In the following experiments, we demonstrated that this crossmodal congruency effect is modulated by the proportion of congruent trials between (Exp. 2) and within (Exp. 4) blocks. In particular, the crossmodal congruency effect was reduced in the context with a high proportion of incongruent trials. This effect was attributed to changes in participants' control set as a function of the congruency context, with greater control applied in the context where the majority of the trials were incongruent. These data contribute to the ongoing debate concerning crossmodal interactions and attentional processes. In sum, context can provide a powerful cue for selective attention to modulate the interaction between stimuli from different sensory modalities.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Attention', 'Auditory Perception', 'Discrimination, Psychological', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Pattern Recognition, Visual', 'Time Perception', 'Young Adult']
| 22,160,743
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['F02.830.104.214'], ['F02.463.593.071', 'G07.888.125'], ['F02.463.593.257'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F02.463.593.524.500', 'F02.463.593.932.622'], ['F02.463.593.857'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Five cited for innovative community health programs. Hospitals, health systems form community partnerships.
|
The American Hospital Association awarded recognition to five of the nation's most innovative hospitals and health systems. See how the five hospitals created award-winning community service programs.
|
['American Hospital Association', 'Awards and Prizes', 'Community Health Services', 'Community-Institutional Relations', 'Hospitals, Community', 'Humans', 'Organizational Innovation', 'United States']
| 10,177,645
|
[['N03.540.828.540.080'], ['K01.150'], ['N02.421.143'], ['N04.452.822.210'], ['N02.278.421.306'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N04.452.610'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Percutaneous retrograde tibial access in the endovascular treatment of acute limb ischaemia: a case report.
|
The utilization of a retrograde tibial approach in lower limb endovascular therapy has been described in the published literature. In this article we report our recent experience in order to highlight this valuable and under-utilised technique, which was successful in a difficult case where a conventional approach failed.
|
['Acute Disease', 'Aged', 'Angiography, Digital Subtraction', 'Angioplasty, Balloon', 'Arterial Occlusive Diseases', 'Constriction, Pathologic', 'Humans', 'Ischemia', 'Lower Extremity', 'Male', 'Popliteal Artery', 'Tibial Arteries', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 17,588,783
|
[['C23.550.291.125'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E01.370.350.600.350.700.060', 'E01.370.350.700.060.060', 'E01.370.350.700.700.060', 'E01.370.350.760.060', 'E01.370.370.050.060'], ['E02.148.050.060', 'E04.100.814.529.124.060', 'E04.502.382.124.060', 'E05.157.016.060'], ['C14.907.137'], ['C23.300.287'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C23.550.513'], ['A01.378.610'], ['A07.015.114.681'], ['A07.015.114.895'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Local perceptions, RUSLEFAC mapping, and field results: the sediment budget of cocagne river, new brunswick, Canada.
|
Erosion and sedimentation in water courses represent a major and costly problem everywhere on the planet. Perception of local actors of the state of the river can be a useful source of information to document the river's changes. The main objective of this study consists of understanding how multiple data sources can be used for identifying the most sensitive areas subject to erosion and sedimentation in a watershed. To achieve our objective we combined three complementary methods: conducting interviews, estimating the most sensitive soil loss areas using the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation for Application in Canada (RUSLEFAC) and taking measurements of environmental variables (turbidity, deposition rate, particle size, water quality, rainfall). The information gathered from the interviews allowed us to determine which areas were the most affected (e.g., either erosion or deposition). However, we observed that there were some differences between the areas identified by the participants and those obtained from the RUSLEFAC and in situ measurements. Among these differences, participants identified sites which were the results of misuse or bad practices (e.g., ATV). By contrast sensitive sites for erosion, as identified using RUSLEFAC, are instead areas of steep slopes, located near the river without forest cover. The in situ measurements were very helpful in establishing background values for turbidity but also for comparing quantitative information (e.g., particle size) with what was reported in the interviews.
|
['Conservation of Natural Resources', 'Ecosystem', 'Environmental Monitoring', 'Geologic Sediments', 'Models, Theoretical', 'New Brunswick', 'Perception', 'Rivers', 'Soil']
| 25,392,017
|
[['J01.256', 'N06.230.080'], ['G16.500.275.157', 'N06.230.124'], ['N06.850.460.350.080', 'N06.850.780.375'], ['G01.311.330', 'G16.500.320'], ['E05.599'], ['Z01.107.567.176.494'], ['F02.463.593'], ['G01.311.750', 'G16.500.275.280.650', 'N06.230.232.650'], ['D20.721', 'G01.311.820', 'G16.500.275.815', 'N06.230.600']]
|
['Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Cost-effectiveness of rituximab versus azathioprine for maintenance treatment in antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis.
|
OBJECTIVES: Rituximab was proven superior to azathioprine for maintenance treatment of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV). The high cost of rituximab might, however, limit its routine use. This study determined the cost-effectiveness of intravenous rituximab (5 x 500 mg until month 18), versus oral azathioprine (2 mg/kg per day, gradually decreased between month 12 and 22), for maintenance treatment of patients with granulomatosis with polyangiitis, microscopic polyangiitis, or renal-limited vasculitis, aged 18-75.METHODS: We performed a single-trial based economic evaluation. MAINRITSAN was a 28-month multicentre, prospective, randomised, controlled open-label trial. We estimated the cost of healthcare resources and quality of life using prospectively collected data. Healthcare costs were estimated from the perspective of the French Social Health Insurance's perspective, using 2016 tariffs for reimbursement. Utilities were derived from Short Form 36 scores. We estimated total average cost, incremental cost per incremental relapse averted and per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) gained. Sensitivity analyses were performed to assess uncertainty over relapses, severe adverse events, discount rate, utility weights, time horizon and the cost of rituximab. Costs drivers were tested using a generalised linear model.RESULTS: Total average costs were €13,387 (€11,605-€15,646) and €10,217 (€7,567-12,949) in the rituximab and azathioprine groups respectively. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) was €12,824 per relapse averted and the incremental cost-utility ratio (ICUR) €37,782 per QALY gained. Besides the unit cost of rituximab, the major cost drivers were relapses and severe adverse events.CONCLUSIONS: Maintenance treatment by rituximab could be cost-effective for preventing relapses in patients with AAV.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitis', 'Antibodies, Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic', 'Azathioprine', 'Cost-Benefit Analysis', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Maintenance Chemotherapy', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Prospective Studies', 'Quality of Life', 'Rituximab', 'Young Adult']
| 31,162,031
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C14.907.940.897.249', 'C20.111.193'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.323.190', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.323.190', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.323.190', 'D23.101.050'], ['D02.886.759.111', 'D03.633.100.759.570.090', 'D13.570.900.111'], ['N03.219.151.125'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.319.509'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['I01.800', 'K01.752.400.750', 'N06.850.505.400.425.837'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224.075.785', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224.075.785', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224.284.785'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Humanities [K]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Bioactive rosette nanotube-hydroxyapatite nanocomposites improve osteoblast functions.
|
Inspired from biological systems, small synthetic organic molecules expressing the hydrogen bonding arrays of the DNA bases guanine and cytosine were prepared, and their self-assembly into rosette nanotubes (RNTs) was investigated. Due to their unique biological, physicochemical, and mechanical properties, RNTs could serve as the next generation of injectable orthopedic materials. In this study, a self-assembling module (termed twin base linkers or TBL) was synthesized, and the corresponding RNTs were used as bioactive components in composites of poly (2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (pHEMA) and hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticles (termed TBL/HA/pHEMA). The properties of these composites were characterized for solidification time, surface morphology, mechanical properties, and cytocompatibility. The experimental conditions were optimized to achieve solidification within 2-40 min, offering a range of properties for orthopedic applications. Composites with 20 wt% HA nanoparticles had a compressive strength (37.1 MPa) and an ultimate tensile stress (14.7 MPa) similar to that of a natural vertebral disc (5-30 MPa). Specifically, the TBL (0.01 mg/mL)/HA(20 wt%)/pHEMA composites improved long-term functions of osteoblasts (or bone-forming cells) in terms of collagen synthesis, alkaline phosphatase activity, and calcium deposition. Moreover, this composite inhibited fibroblast adhesion, thus decreasing the potential for undesirable fibrous tissue formation. In summary, this in vitro study provided evidence that TBL/HA/pHEMA composites are promising injectable orthopedic implant materials that warrant further mechanistic and in vivo studies.
|
['Alkaline Phosphatase', 'Animals', 'Biocompatible Materials', 'Calcium', 'Cell Adhesion', 'Cell Count', 'Cell Death', 'Cell Shape', 'Collagen', 'Compressive Strength', 'Durapatite', 'Fibroblasts', 'Humans', 'Materials Testing', 'Microscopy, Fluorescence', 'Nanocomposites', 'Nanotubes', 'Osteoblasts', 'Polyhydroxyethyl Methacrylate', 'Rats', 'Tensile Strength']
| 22,530,958
|
[['D08.811.277.352.650.035'], ['B01.050'], ['D25.130', 'D27.720.102.130', 'J01.637.051.130'], ['D01.268.552.100', 'D01.552.539.288', 'D23.119.100'], ['G04.022'], ['E01.370.225.500.195', 'E05.200.500.195', 'E05.242.195', 'G04.140'], ['G04.146'], ['G04.320'], ['D05.750.078.280', 'D12.776.860.300.250'], ['G01.374.180'], ['D01.029.260.700.675.374.075.025.300.150', 'D01.146.360.050.300.200', 'D01.578.122.477.300', 'D01.695.625.675.650.075.025.300.150'], ['A11.329.228'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.570'], ['E01.370.350.515.458', 'E05.595.458'], ['J01.637.512.150'], ['J01.637.512.850'], ['A11.329.629'], ['D02.033.455.250.700.685', 'D02.241.081.069.800.700', 'D05.750.716.822.111.650.750', 'D05.750.741.685', 'D25.720.716.822.111.650.750', 'D25.720.741.685', 'J01.637.051.720.716.822.111.650.750', 'J01.637.051.720.741.685'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['G01.374.850']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Access to Justice in Health Matters: An Analysis Based on the Monitoring Mechanisms of the Inter-American System.
|
This article analyzes how states are complying with their periodic reporting obligations under the Protocol of San Salvador (PSS) in one specific area: access to justice as a key component of the right to health. The sources of information for this analysis are seven reports submitted by the States parties, together with the observations and final recommendations made by the experts of the monitoring mechanism of the PSS. The reports are based on progress indicators, a group of indicators that the states must use to measure progress in compliance with its rights obligations. This system of indicators presents the cross-cutting category "access to justice," which allows the identification of each branch of government's involvement in the design of a health system and the guarantees of judicial protection of the right to health. The analysis focuses on the articulation of the empirical evidence presented by the States in the context of protection and fulfillment of the right to health, identifying progress made or limitations faced in the compliance with state responsibilities. The main findings reveal the weakness of the current mechanisms of access to justice in health and the reticence of the judiciary to take an active role towards accountability.
|
['Delivery of Health Care', 'Global Health', 'Government', 'Human Rights', 'Humans', 'Latin America', 'Patient Rights', 'Social Justice', 'Social Responsibility']
| 30,008,562
|
[['N04.590.374', 'N05.300'], ['H02.403.371', 'N01.400.337'], ['I01.409', 'N03.540.348'], ['I01.880.604.473', 'N03.706.437'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.107.424'], ['I01.880.604.473.650', 'N03.706.437.650'], ['I01.880.604.473.700', 'K01.752.566.479.830.750', 'N03.706.437.700', 'N05.350.958.750'], ['F01.829.500.760', 'K01.752.566.869']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
[Methods for the demonstration of the basal membrane of the glomerular capillaries].
|
Author for the demonstration of the basal membrane of the glomerular capillaries recommends oxidation with periodic-acid followed by treatment with potassium-metabisulfite and staining with resorcin-fuchsin, or impregnation with silver-nitrate solution in sodium borat.
|
['Basement Membrane', 'Capillaries', 'Histological Techniques', 'Humans', 'Kidney Glomerulus']
| 362,174
|
[['A10.272.220', 'A10.615.179'], ['A07.015.461.165'], ['E01.370.225.750', 'E05.200.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A05.810.453.324.359', 'A05.810.453.736.520']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole are selective inhibitors of CYP2C8 and CYP2C9, respectively.
|
To evaluate the inhibitory effects of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole on cytochrome P450 (P450) isoforms, selective marker reactions for CYP1A2, CYP2A6, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP2E1, and CYP3A4 were examined in human liver microsomes and recombinant CYP2C8 and CYP2C9. The in vivo drug interactions of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole were predicted in vitro using [I]/([I] + K(i)) values. With concentrations ranging from 5 to 100 microM, trimethoprim exhibited a selective inhibitory effect on CYP2C8-mediated paclitaxel 6alpha-hydroxylation in human liver microsomes and recombinant CYP2C8, with apparent IC(50) (K(i)) values of 54 microM (32 microM) and 75 microM, respectively. With concentrations ranging from 50 to 500 microM, sulfamethoxazole was a selective inhibitor of CYP2C9-mediated tolbutamide hydroxylation in human liver microsomes and recombinant CYP2C9, with apparent IC(50) (K(i)) values of 544 microM (271 microM) and 456 microM, respectively. With concentrations higher than 100 microM trimethoprim and 500 microM sulfamethoxazole, both drugs lost their selectivity for the P450 isoforms. Based on estimated total hepatic concentrations (or free plasma concentrations) of the drugs and the scaling model, one would expect in vivo in humans 80% (26%) and 13% (24%) inhibition of the metabolic clearance of CYP2C8 and CYP2C9 substrates by trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole, respectively. In conclusion, trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole can be used as selective inhibitors of CYP2C8 and CYP2C9 in in vitro studies. In humans, trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole may inhibit the activities of CYP2C8 and CYP2C9, respectively.
|
['Anti-Infective Agents', 'Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases', 'Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2', 'Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C8', 'Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9', 'Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors', 'Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System', 'Enzyme Inhibitors', 'Female', 'Humans', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Isoenzymes', 'Male', 'Microsomes, Liver', 'Recombinant Proteins', 'Steroid 16-alpha-Hydroxylase', 'Steroid Hydroxylases', 'Sulfamethoxazole', 'Trimethoprim']
| 12,019,187
|
[['D27.505.954.122'], ['D08.244.453.005', 'D08.811.682.690.708.170.010', 'D12.776.422.220.453.010'], ['E05.196.181.400.300'], ['D08.244.453.005.443', 'D08.244.453.100.750', 'D08.811.682.690.708.170.010.443', 'D08.811.682.690.708.170.020.750', 'D12.776.422.220.453.010.443', 'D12.776.422.220.453.100.750'], ['D08.244.453.005.590', 'D08.244.453.491.368', 'D08.811.682.690.708.170.010.590', 'D08.811.682.690.708.170.450.360', 'D12.776.422.220.453.010.590', 'D12.776.422.220.453.491.360'], ['D08.244.453.491.500.500', 'D08.811.682.690.708.170.450.500.500', 'D12.776.422.220.453.491.500.500'], ['D27.505.389.500', 'D27.505.519.389.335'], ['D08.244.453', 'D08.811.682.690.708.170', 'D12.776.422.220.453'], ['D27.505.519.389'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.481'], ['D08.811.348', 'D12.776.800.300'], ['A11.284.835.540.541'], ['D12.776.828'], ['D08.244.453.915.737', 'D08.811.682.690.708.170.915.737', 'D12.776.422.220.453.915.737'], ['D08.244.453.915', 'D08.811.682.690.708.170.915', 'D12.776.422.220.453.915'], ['D02.065.884.725.867', 'D02.092.146.807.867', 'D02.886.590.700.725.867'], ['D03.383.742.906']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
TNF alpha mRNA expression in bronchoalveolar lavage cells from patients with lung fibrosis and TNF alpha activity in the lavage supernatants.
|
Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) mRNA expression in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cells from patients with lung fibrosis was studied by a reverse transcription-DNA polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The results indicated that two thirds of the tested samples were TNF alpha mRNA positive. On the other hand, TNF alpha activity was detected in a big part of the BAL supernatants from the patients. Furthermore, recombinant TNF alpha was found to be mitogenic to lung fibroblasts. These data suggest that TNF alpha expression in BAL cells may play a role in the development of lung fibrosis in human.
|
['Base Sequence', 'Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid', 'Gene Expression', 'Humans', 'Macrophages', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Pulmonary Fibrosis', 'RNA, Messenger', 'RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase', 'Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha']
| 7,684,963
|
[['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['E05.927.100.500'], ['G05.297'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A11.329.372', 'A11.627.482', 'A11.733.397', 'A15.382.670.522', 'A15.382.680.397'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['E05.393.620.500'], ['C08.381.765'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['D08.811.913.696.445.308.300.750', 'D12.776.964.775.375.750', 'D12.776.964.900.750.500.750', 'D12.776.964.970.600.850.375.750'], ['D12.644.276.374.500.800', 'D12.644.276.374.750.626', 'D12.776.124.900', 'D12.776.395.930', 'D12.776.467.374.500.800', 'D12.776.467.374.750.626', 'D23.529.374.500.800', 'D23.529.374.750.626']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Enhanced expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 in abdominal aortic aneurysms.
|
Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) are characterized by structural alterations of the aortic wall resulting from degradation of collagen and elastin. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), particularly MMP-2 and MMP-9, show strong elastinolytic activity. We examined the levels of mRNA for MMP-2, MMP-9, membrane type (MT)-MMP-1, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1), and TIMP-2 in AAAs (n = 8), atherosclerotic occlusive diseases (AOD) (n = 8), and normal subjects (n = 8) using the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). We also analyzed the gelatinolytic activity of these metalloproteinases using gelatin zymography. The levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9 mRNA were increased in the AAA group compared with those in the AOD group and normal subjects. The levels for TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 mRNA in the AAA group were also higher than those in the AOD and normal groups. Only in the case of MT-MMP-1 was the difference between AAA and AOD not statistically significant. By gelatin zymography with the same samples used for RT-PCR, gelatinolytic activity of MMP-9 was elevated in all AAA tissues. The 62-kDa form of MMP-2 was elevated in both the AAA and AOD groups and did not differ significantly between them. Linear regression analysis demonstrated a significant positive correlation between mRNA levels of MMPs and those of TIMPs. These observations suggest that aneurysm formation in patients with atherosclerosis is related to the degree of MMP-9 expression.
|
['Aged', 'Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal', 'Arterial Occlusive Diseases', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Matrix Metalloproteinase 9', 'Middle Aged', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1']
| 11,343,173
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['C14.907.055.239.075', 'C14.907.109.139.075'], ['C14.907.137'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.480.205.360', 'D08.811.277.656.300.480.252.445', 'D08.811.277.656.300.480.525.700.350', 'D08.811.277.656.675.374.205.360', 'D08.811.277.656.675.374.252.445', 'D08.811.277.656.675.374.525.700.350', 'D12.644.276.848.350', 'D12.776.467.836.350'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['E05.393.620.500.725'], ['D12.776.645.875.450']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Patterns of infection and infection-related mortality in patients with steroid-refractory acute graft versus host disease.
|
This study aimed to characterize the incidence, etiology and outcome of infectious episodes in patients with steroid refractory acute GvHD (SR-GvHD). The cohort included 127 adults treated with inolimomab (77%) or etanercept (23%) owing to acute 2-4 SR-GvHD, with a response rate of 43% on day +30 and a 4-year survival of 15%. The 1-year cumulative incidences of bacterial, CMV and invasive fungal infection were 74%, 65% and 14%, respectively. A high rate (37%) of enterococcal infections was observed. Twenty patients (15.7%) developed BK virus-hemorrhagic cystitis and five percent had an EBV reactivation with only one case of PTLD. One-third of long-term survivors developed pneumonia by a community respiratory virus and/or encapsulated bacteria, mostly associated with chronic GvHD. Infections were an important cause of non-relapse mortality, with a 4-year incidence of 46%. In multivariate analysis, use of rituximab in the 6 months before SCT (hazard ratio; HR 4.2; 95% confidence interval; CI 1.1-16.3), severe infection before SR-GvHD onset (HR 5.8; 95% CI 1.3-26.3) and a baseline C-reactive protein >15 UI/mL (HR 2.9; 95% CI 1.1-8.5) were associated with infection-related mortality. High rates of opportunistic infections with remarkable mortality warrant further efforts to optimize long-term outcomes after SR-GvHD.
|
['Acute Disease', 'Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Allografts', 'Antibodies, Monoclonal', 'Disease-Free Survival', 'Etanercept', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Graft vs Host Disease', 'Hematologic Neoplasms', 'Humans', 'Infections', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Stem Cell Transplantation', 'Survival Rate']
| 27,595,281
|
[['C23.550.291.125'], ['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['A01.941.500'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224'], ['E01.789.800.190', 'E05.318.740.998.300', 'N04.761.559.590.800.190', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800.190', 'N05.715.360.750.795.300', 'N06.850.520.830.998.300'], ['D12.644.541.500.697.624', 'D12.776.124.486.485.538.500.624', 'D12.776.124.486.485.680.697.624', 'D12.776.124.790.651.538.500.624', 'D12.776.124.790.651.680.660.624', 'D12.776.377.715.548.538.500.624', 'D12.776.377.715.548.680.660.624', 'D12.776.543.750.705.852.760.232'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['C20.452'], ['C04.588.448', 'C15.378.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C01'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E02.095.147.500.500', 'E04.936.225.687'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.900', 'N01.224.935.698.826', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.900', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.900']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
[A transnasal decompression tube and medicamentous stimulation of intestinal motility in the treatment of diffuse appendicular peritonitis in young children].
|
The investigation has shown that best results can be obtained by a combined bilumenal probe for a separate decompression of the stomach and small intestine. Galanthamin gives the best parameters of stimulation of the small intestine peristalsis as compared with Prozerin.
|
['Appendicitis', 'Child, Preschool', 'Galantamine', 'Gastrointestinal Motility', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Intubation, Gastrointestinal', 'Neostigmine', 'Peritonitis']
| 3,787,957
|
[['C01.463.099', 'C06.405.205.099', 'C06.405.469.110.207'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['D03.132.052.500', 'D03.633.100.079.525'], ['G10.261.360'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['E02.585.412', 'E05.497.412'], ['D02.092.877.674.666', 'D02.675.276.602'], ['C01.463.600', 'C06.844.640']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Link protein N-terminal peptide and fullerol promote matrix production and decrease degradation enzymes in rabbit annulus cells.
|
PURPOSE: Intervertebral disc degeneration is a major cause of back pain. Novel therapies for prevention or reversal of disc degeneration are needed. It is desirable for potential therapies to target both inflammation and matrix degeneration.MATERIALS AND METHODS: The combined regenerative potential of link protein N-terminal peptide (LN) and fullerol on annulus fibrosus (AF) cells was evaluated in a 3D culture model.RESULTS: Interleukin-1á (IL-1á)-induced AF cell degeneration was counteracted by fullerol, LN, and fullerol + LN, with the latter having the greatest effect on matrix production as evaluated by real-time polymerase chain reaction and glycosaminoglycan assay. IL-1á-induced increases in pro-inflammatory mediators (interleukin-6 and cyclooxygenase-2) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-1, -2, -9, and -13) were also counteracted by fullerol and LN.CONCLUSION: Our data demonstrate that LN and fullerol individually, and in combination, promote matrix production and have anti-inflammatory and anti-catabolic effects on AF cells.
|
['Animals', 'Annulus Fibrosus', 'Collagenases', 'Cyclooxygenase 2', 'Extracellular Matrix', 'Extracellular Matrix Proteins', 'Fullerenes', 'Interleukin-1alpha', 'Interleukin-6', 'Intervertebral Disc Degeneration', 'Male', 'Peptides', 'Proteoglycans', 'Rabbits']
| 28,509,587
|
[['B01.050'], ['A02.165.308.410.250', 'A02.835.232.834.432.250', 'A10.165.382.350.050.250'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.480.205', 'D08.811.277.656.675.374.205'], ['D08.811.600.720.750'], ['A11.284.295.310'], ['D12.776.860.300'], ['D01.268.150.250', 'J01.637.512.600.612.350'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.010.300', 'D12.644.276.374.500.400.300', 'D12.776.467.374.465.010.300', 'D12.776.467.374.500.400.300', 'D23.529.374.465.131.300', 'D23.529.374.500.400.300'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.224', 'D12.776.467.374.465.202', 'D23.529.374.465.224'], ['C05.116.900.153'], ['D12.644'], ['D09.698.735', 'D12.776.395.650'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.968.700']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Results of cisplatin-based polychemotherapy and analysis of prognostic factors in ovarian cancer. Apropos of 106 cases].
|
One hundred and six patients with stage Ic to IV ovarian carcinoma were treated by a protocol consisting of optimal debulking surgery followed by 9 cycles of CHAP chemotherapy. Clinical response was confirmed by a second-look procedure. Sixty-nine patients (65%) responded with 54 histological complete remissions (50.8%). Nineteen patients did not receive any complementary treatment due to a negative reaction, or prolonged neutropenia. Seven patients received maintenance chemotherapy, 10 an abdominal radiotherapy, 22 intraperitoneal chemotherapy and 11 autologous bone marrow transplantation. The 5-year survival rate was 32.5% and disease-free survival rate was 39.7%. Prognostic-factor analysis showed that age, initial staging, residual disease and cytological grading were significant. The authors propose a classification based on the risk of relapse, and different therapeutic indications for improving response rate and patient survival.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols', 'Cisplatin', 'Combined Modality Therapy', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasm Staging', 'Ovarian Neoplasms', 'Prognosis']
| 2,635,636
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E02.183.750.500', 'E02.319.077.500', 'E02.319.310.037'], ['D01.210.375', 'D01.625.125', 'D01.710.100'], ['E02.186'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.789.625'], ['C04.588.322.455', 'C13.351.500.056.630.705', 'C13.351.937.418.685', 'C19.344.410', 'C19.391.630.705'], ['E01.789']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
RP5063, an atypical antipsychotic drug with a unique pharmacologic profile, improves declarative memory and psychosis in mouse models of schizophrenia.
|
Various types of atypical antipsychotic drugs (AAPDs) modestly improve the cognitive impairment associated with schizophrenia (CIAS). RP5063 is an AAPD with a diverse and unique pharmacology, including partial agonism at dopamine (DA) D2, D3, D4, serotonin (5-HT)1A, and 5-HT2A receptors (Rs), full agonism at á4â2 nicotinic acetylcholine (ACh)R (nAChR), and antagonism at 5-HT2B, 5-HT6, and 5-HT7Rs. Most atypical APDs are 5-HT2A inverse agonists. The efficacy of RP5063 in mouse models of psychosis and episodic memory were studied. RP5063 blocked acute phencyclidine (PCP)-as well as amphetamine-induced hyperactivity, indicating antipsychotic activity. Acute administration of RP5063 significantly reversed subchronic (sc)PCP-induced impairment in novel object recognition (NOR), a measure of episodic memory, but not reversal learning, a measure of executive function. Co-administration of a sub-effective dose (SED) of RP5063 with SEDs of a 5-HT7R antagonist, a 5-HT1BR antagonist, a 5-HT2AR inverse agonist, or an á4â2 nAChR agonist, restored the ability of RP5063 to ameliorate the NOR deficit in scPCP mice. Pre-treatment with a 5-HT1AR, a D4R, antagonist, but not an á4â2 nAChR antagonist, blocked the ameliorating effect of RP5063. Further, co-administration of scRP5063 prior to each dose of PCP prevented the effect of PCP to produce a deficit in NOR for one week. RP5063, given to scPCP-treated mice for one week restored NOR for one week only. Acute administration of RP5063 significantly increased cortical DA efflux, which may be critical to some of its cognitive enhancing properties. These results indicate that RP5063, by itself, or as an adjunctive treatment has a multifaceted basis for improving some cognitive deficits associated with schizophrenia.
|
['Amphetamine', 'Animals', 'Antipsychotic Agents', 'Central Nervous System Stimulants', 'Cerebral Cortex', 'Conditioning, Operant', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Dopamine', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Male', 'Memory', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Motor Activity', 'Neurotransmitter Agents', 'Phencyclidine', 'Psychotic Disorders', 'Random Allocation', 'Reversal Learning', 'Schizophrenia', 'Schizophrenic Psychology']
| 28,373,127
|
[['D02.092.471.683.152.110'], ['B01.050'], ['D27.505.696.277.950.040', 'D27.505.954.427.210.950.040', 'D27.505.954.427.700.872.331'], ['D27.505.696.282', 'D27.505.954.427.220'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500'], ['F02.463.425.179.509'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['D02.092.211.215.406', 'D02.092.311.342', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.175.342'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['F02.463.425.540'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['F01.145.632', 'G11.427.410.698'], ['D27.505.519.625', 'D27.505.696.577'], ['D03.383.621.699'], ['F03.700.675'], ['E05.318.370.700', 'E05.581.500.805', 'N05.715.360.325.675', 'N06.850.520.445.700'], ['F02.463.425.798'], ['F03.700.750'], ['F04.824']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
PCR methods for identification and specific detection of probiotic lactic acid bacteria.
|
Probiotics are defined as "microbes improving animal feed." Three lactic acid bacteria, previously selected as probiotic for pig feeding, were identified by sequencing the variable V1 region of the 16S rDNA after PCR amplification primed in the flanking constant region. A VR region showing strong nucleotide differences between the three probiotic and the reference strains was delimited. Oligonucleotides specific for each strain were designed. A specific assay for probiotic detection was developed, based on a PCR reaction with three primers.
|
['Animal Feed', 'Base Sequence', 'DNA Primers', 'DNA, Bacterial', 'DNA, Ribosomal', 'Lactobacillus', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Species Specificity']
| 8,662,180
|
[['G07.203.300.300.100', 'J02.500.300.100'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['D13.695.578.424.450.275', 'D27.720.470.530.600.223.600'], ['D13.444.308.212'], ['D13.444.308.475'], ['B03.353.750.450.475', 'B03.510.460.400.410.475.475', 'B03.510.550.450.475'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['E05.393.620.500'], ['G16.824']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Value of laparoscopic ultrasonography in staging of proximal bile duct tumors.
|
The additional value of laparoscopic ultrasonography was evaluated prospectively in 35 patients undergoing diagnostic laparoscopy for a suspected potentially resectable proximal bile duct tumor. Findings were compared with transabdominal ultrasonography, laparoscopy, surgery, and pathology. Laparoscopic ultrasonography was able to visualize the presence and origin of small bile duct tumors or stones and small liver metastases, which could not be seen or could be visualized only doubtfully by ultrasonography and laparoscopy. Laparoscopic ultrasonography was more useful in staging of small tumors of the gallbladder or proximal common bile duct than in staging bifurcation (Klatskin) tumors. Additional information provided by laparoscopic ultrasonography led to a change in diagnosis or tumor stage in eight patients (23%) and to avoidance of laparotomy in three patients (9%).
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Bile Duct Neoplasms', 'Endosonography', 'Gallbladder Neoplasms', 'Humans', 'Laparoscopy', 'Liver Neoplasms', 'Lymphatic Metastasis', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasm Staging', 'Peritoneal Neoplasms', 'Prospective Studies']
| 8,979,220
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C04.588.274.120.250', 'C06.130.120.120', 'C06.130.320.120', 'C06.301.120.250'], ['E01.370.350.850.280'], ['C04.588.274.120.401', 'C06.130.320.401', 'C06.130.564.401', 'C06.301.120.401'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.388.250.520', 'E04.502.250.520'], ['C04.588.274.623', 'C06.301.623', 'C06.552.697'], ['C04.697.650.560', 'C23.550.727.650.560'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.789.625'], ['C04.588.033.513', 'C04.588.274.780', 'C06.301.780', 'C06.844.620'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
The effect of dietary and hormonal conditions on the activities of glycolytic enzymes in rat epididymal adipose tissue.
|
1. Measurements were made of the activities of nine glycolytic enzymes in epididymal adipose tissues obtained from rats that had undergone one of the following treatments: starvation; starvation followed by re-feeding with bread or high-fat diet; feeding with fat without preliminary starvation; alloxan-diabetes; alloxan-diabetes followed by insulin therapy. 2. In general, the activities of the glycolytic enzymes of adipose tissue, unlike those of liver, were not greatly affected by the above treatments. 3. The ;key' glycolytic enzymes, phosphofructokinase and pyruvate kinase, were generally no more adaptive in response to physiological factors than other glycolytic enzymes such as glucose phosphate isomerase, fructose diphosphate aldolase, triose phosphate isomerase, glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, phosphoglycerate kinase and lactate dehydrogenase. 4. Adiposetissue pyruvate kinase did not respond to feeding with fat in a manner similar to the liver enzyme. 5. Glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase had a behaviour pattern unlike the other eight glycolytic enzymes studied in that its activity was depressed by feeding with fat and was not restored to normal by re-feeding with a high-fat diet after starvation. These results are discussed in relation to the requirements of adipose tissue for glycerol phosphate in the esterification of fatty acids. 6. A statistical analysis of the results permitted the writing of linear equations describing the relationships between the activities of eight of the enzymes studied. 7. Evidence is presented for the existence of two constant-proportion groups amongst the enzymes studied, namely (i) glucose phosphate isomerase, phosphoglycerate kinase and lactate dehydrogenase, and (ii) triose phosphate isomerase, fructose diphosphate aldolase and pyruvate kinase. 8. Mechanisms for maintaining the observed relationships between the activities of the enzymes in the tissue are discussed.
|
['Adipose Tissue', 'Animals', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental', 'Diet', 'Dietary Fats', 'Epididymis', 'Fatty Acids', 'Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenases', 'Glycerophosphates', 'Glycolysis', 'Insulin', 'Liver', 'Male', 'Phosphofructokinase-1', 'Pyruvate Kinase', 'Rats', 'Starvation']
| 4,242,855
|
[['A10.165.114'], ['B01.050'], ['C18.452.394.750.074', 'C19.246.240', 'E05.598.500.374'], ['G07.203.650.240'], ['D10.212.302', 'G07.203.300.375', 'J02.500.375'], ['A05.360.444.371'], ['D10.251'], ['D08.811.682.657.163.750'], ['D02.033.800.875.750', 'D09.853.875.750', 'D09.894.299', 'D10.570.755.375'], ['G02.111.158.750', 'G03.191.750', 'G03.295.436', 'G03.493.360'], ['D06.472.699.587.200.500.625', 'D12.644.548.586.200.500.625'], ['A03.620'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.225.850.500'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.695'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['C18.654.521.750']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Roles of maize cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes in stereo-selective metabolism of hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs) as evidenced by in vitro degradation, biological response and in silico studies.
|
In vitro biotransformation of HBCDs by maize cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes, responses of CYPs to HBCDs at protein and transcription levels, and in silico simulation of interactions between CYPs and HBCDs were investigated in order to elucidate the roles of CYPs in the metabolism of HBCDs in maize. The results showed that degradation reactions of HBCDs by maize microsomal CYPs followed the first-order kinetics and were stereo-selective, with the metabolic rates following the order (-)ã- > (+)ã- > (+)á- > (-)á-HBCD. The hydroxylated metabolites OH-HBCDs, OH-PBCDs and OH-TBCDs were detected. (+)/(-)-á-HBCDs significantly decreased maize CYP protein content and inhibited CYP enzyme activity, whereas (+)/(-)-ã-HBCDs had obvious effects on the induction of CYPs. HBCDs selectively mediated the gene expression of maize CYPs, including the isoforms of CYP71C3v2, CYP71C1, CYP81A1, CYP92A1 and CYP97A16. Molecular docking results suggested that HBCDs could bind with these five CYPs, with binding affinity following the order CYP71C3v2 < CYP81A1 < CYP97A16 < CYP92A1 < CYP71C1. The shortest distances between the Br-unsubstituted C atom of HBCD isomers and the iron atom of heme in CYPs were 4.18-11.7 ?, with only the distances for CYP71C3v2 being shorter than 6 ? (4.61-5.38 ?). These results suggested that CYP71C3v2 was an efficient catalyst for degradation of HBCDs. For (+)á- and (-)ã-HBCDs, their binding affinities to CYPs were lower and the distances to the iron atom of heme in CYPs were shorter than their corresponding antipodes, consistent with the in vitro experimental results showing that they had shorter half-lives and were more easily hydroxylated. This study provides solid evidence for the roles of maize CYPs in the metabolism of HBCDs, and gives insight into the molecular mechanisms of the enantio-selective metabolism of HBCDs by plant CYPs.
|
['Biotransformation', 'Computer Simulation', 'Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System', 'Environmental Pollutants', 'Hydrocarbons, Brominated', 'Kinetics', 'Molecular Docking Simulation', 'Plant Proteins', 'Zea mays']
| 30,513,427
|
[['G03.171', 'G03.787.225', 'G07.690.725.225'], ['L01.224.160'], ['D08.244.453', 'D08.811.682.690.708.170', 'D12.776.422.220.453'], ['D27.888.284'], ['D02.455.526.368'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['E05.599.595.249', 'L01.224.160.249'], ['D12.776.765'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.822.966']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Spectroscopic evaluation of the effect of a red microalgal polysaccharide on herpes-infected Vero cells.
|
The sulfated polysaccharide obtained from a species of red microalga has proved to be a potent antiviral agent against various members of the herpes family. In the present study, we used microscopic Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) to investigate differences between normal cells, those infected with herpes viruses, and infected cells treated with red microalgal polysaccharide. FT-IR enables the characterization of cell or tissue pathology based on characteristic molecular vibrational spectra of the cells. The advantage of microscopic FT-IR spectroscopy over conventional FT-IR spectroscopy is that it facilitates inspection of restricted regions of cell cultures or tissue. Our results showed significant spectral differences at early stages of infection between infected and noninfected cells, and between infected cells treated with the polysaccharide and those not treated. In infected cells, there was an impressive decrease in sugar content and a considerable increase in phosphate levels in conjunction with the infection progress. Our results also proved that sugars penetrated and accumulated inside cells treated with the red microalgal polysaccharide. These could have been sugar fragments of low molecular weight present in the polysaccharide solution, despite purification by dialysis. Such sugar accumulation might be responsible for a breakdown in the internal steps of the viral replication cycle.
|
['Animals', 'Antiviral Agents', 'Carbohydrates', 'Chlorocebus aethiops', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Herpesvirus 1, Human', 'Humans', 'Microspectrophotometry', 'Phosphates', 'Polysaccharides', 'Porphyridium', 'Reference Values', 'Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared', 'Vero Cells']
| 14,658,634
|
[['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.122.388'], ['D09'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.199.120.126.110'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['B04.280.382.100.750.390'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.196.712.726.300', 'E05.196.867.826.300'], ['D01.029.260.700.675.374', 'D01.248.497.158.730', 'D01.695.625.675.650'], ['D09.698'], ['B01.650.700.610'], ['E05.978.810'], ['E05.196.712.726.676.700', 'E05.196.867.826.676.700'], ['A11.251.210.955', 'A11.436.955']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Variation in cestode assemblages of Mastomys and Arvicanthis species (rodents: Muridae) from Lake Retba in Western Senegal.
|
We studied patterns of variation in cestode communities of 3 abundant rodent species that live in sympatry in the Niayes of the Retba Lake, Western Senegal. We evaluated whether the host species have the same parasites and, within host species, whether the variability in parasite community is related to intrinsic (sex, age of the host individual) or extrinsic (habitat, season) factors. Arvicanthis niloticus was parasitized by 2 cestode species, namely Inermicapsifer madagascariensis and the highly dominant Raillietina trapezo?des . Raillietina baeri was the only cestode species found in Mastomys erythroleucus , and there was no cestode in M. huberti . Prevalence and abundance levels of cestodes were very high in A. niloticus , especially in adults. Seasonal and habitat effects were found in both cestode communities of M. erythroleucus and A. niloticus . Local host specificity and abundance/prevalence levels suggested variations in the interaction between rodents and cestode intermediate host species among habitats and seasons.
|
['Animals', 'Binomial Distribution', 'Cestoda', 'Cestode Infections', 'Chi-Square Distribution', 'Ecosystem', 'Female', 'Fresh Water', 'Intestines', 'Male', 'Murinae', 'Prevalence', 'Rodent Diseases', 'Senegal']
| 20,486,740
|
[['B01.050'], ['E05.318.740.994.250', 'G17.820.250', 'N05.715.360.750.750.150', 'N06.850.520.830.994.250'], ['B01.050.500.500.736.215'], ['C01.610.335.190'], ['E05.318.740.994.300', 'G17.820.300', 'N05.715.360.750.750.200', 'N06.850.520.830.994.300'], ['G16.500.275.157', 'N06.230.124'], ['G16.500.275.280', 'N06.230.232'], ['A03.556.124'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['C22.795'], ['Z01.058.290.190.710']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Effect of food on gastrointestinal transit of liquids in cynomolgus monkeys.
|
We investigated the gastrointestinal transit of liquids, as well as various gastric pH profiles, in fed cynomolgus monkeys. Twelve grams of a biscuit-type solid food were provided 1 h before the test. The acetaminophen method was used to determine the gastric half-emptying time (t(50%)), which provided an estimate of the gastric emptying rate. The gastric emptying rate of liquids was significantly reduced after food intake in monkeys. The mean t(50%) value was 143.5 min and comparable to that of humans after eating. However, there was a large variability in the t(50%) between individual animals as shown by the coefficient of variance of approximately 80%. Next, the median oro-caecal transit time in fed monkeys was determined to be 1.8 h, using the sulfasalazine-sulfapyridine method. There was no significant difference in oro-caecal transit time between unfed and fed monkeys; thus, food intake has no significant effect on the oro-caecal transit time of liquids in either monkeys or humans. However, the oro-caecal transit time in humans is about 2 h longer than that in monkeys. Our experiments using several different foods suggested that the typical human gastric pH profile could not be simulated in fed monkeys.
|
['Acetaminophen', 'Administration, Oral', 'Animals', 'Food', 'Gastric Acidity Determination', 'Gastric Emptying', 'Gastrointestinal Transit', 'Humans', 'Macaca fascicularis', 'Male', 'Models, Animal', 'Sulfapyridine', 'Sulfasalazine', 'Time Factors']
| 12,698,497
|
[['D02.065.199.092.040', 'D02.092.146.113.092.040'], ['E02.319.267.100'], ['B01.050'], ['G07.203.300', 'J02.500'], ['E01.370.225.124.300', 'E01.370.372.300', 'E05.200.124.300'], ['G10.261.360.400'], ['E01.370.372.310', 'G10.261.360.525'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.199.120.510.520'], ['E05.598'], ['D02.065.884.725.900', 'D02.092.146.807.900', 'D02.886.590.700.725.900'], ['D02.065.884.730', 'D02.886.590.700.730'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Disadvantaged through discrimination? The role of employers in social stratification.
|
Sociologists have consistently demonstrated that a rather strong association exists between an individual's social class origin and their social class destination, even after controlling for educational attainment. One explanation for this persisting association which is rarely addressed in research in social stratification and mobility is the extent to which class inequalities in access to advantaged class positions are due to discrimination by employers. I set up a field experiment to test whether employers discriminate on the basis of class origin characteristics. I sent letters of job application for professional and managerial occupations to 2560 large UK companies, so as to compare the prospects of equally matched potential employees differing on a range of characteristics, some related to class of origin. The six treatment conditions in the experiment were: the name of the candidate, the type of school attended, the candidate's interests outside work, their sex, the university that they attended and their achieved degree class. Results suggest that employers do pay attention to the class origin characteristics tested here, and that candidates with a name, school type and interests associated with the social elite are more likely to receive a reply to their application than candidates with the equivalent non-elite characteristics. However, the treatment conditions do not, on the whole, have significant effects on the employers' responses in and of themselves. Instead, employers appear to favour particular combinations of characteristics while penalising others.
|
['Case-Control Studies', 'Educational Status', 'Employment', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Job Application', 'Male', 'Prejudice', 'Sex Factors', 'Social Class', 'United Kingdom']
| 19,941,488
|
[['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['N01.824.196'], ['N01.824.245'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N04.452.677.400'], ['F01.145.813.550', 'F01.829.595'], ['N05.715.350.675', 'N06.850.490.875'], ['I01.880.853.996.755', 'N01.824.782'], ['Z01.542.363']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
The delta(1) opioid receptor is a heterodimer that opposes the actions of the delta(2) receptor on alcohol intake.
|
BACKGROUND: Opioid receptors are clinically important targets for both pain and alcohol abuse. Three opioid receptors have been cloned: mu, delta, and kappa, all of which effect alcohol consumption in animal models. Naltrexone is a nonselective opioid antagonist used for alcoholism, the clinical utility of which is limited by poor efficacy and adverse side effects. Here, we demonstrate that the therapeutic limitations of naltrexone may reflect its poor selectivity. Despite decades of research, several mysteries surround the pharmacology of these receptors. For example, two pharmacologically defined subtypes of delta receptors exist in vivo.METHODS: Effects of delta subtype-selective ligands (naltrindole, naltriben, tan-67, 7-benzylidene naltrexone) were measured on ethanol consumption in C57BL/6 wildtype and opioid receptor knockout mice using a limited access two-bottle choice paradigm. Affinity and efficacy of naltriben, 7-benzylidenenaltrexone and tan-67 was measured in vitro using radioligand binding and Ca(2+)-mobilizationa assays.RESULTS: We show that the subtypes of the delta receptor, delta(1) and delta(2), have opposing effects on ethanol consumption. We find that these effects are synergistic; thereby suggesting that delta(1) and delta(2) receptors are distinct molecular targets. Indeed, we provide both in vitro as well as in vivo evidence that the delta(1) subtype is a micro-delta heterodimer and that the delta(2) subtype is most likely a delta homomer.CONCLUSIONS: Together these data provide insight into the limited actions of the clinically important drug naltrexone and identify a novel target with improved specificity and efficacy for the development of new therapeutics for the treatment of alcoholism.
|
['Alcohol Drinking', 'Animals', 'Behavior, Animal', 'Choice Behavior', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Mice, Knockout', 'Narcotic Antagonists', 'Protein Multimerization', 'Receptors, Opioid, delta', 'Receptors, Opioid, kappa', 'Receptors, Opioid, mu']
| 19,576,572
|
[['F01.145.317.269'], ['B01.050'], ['F01.145.113'], ['F02.463.785.373.346'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['B01.050.050.136.500.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.455', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800.500'], ['D27.505.696.543', 'D27.505.696.663.850.512', 'D27.505.954.427.550'], ['G02.111.694'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.620.200', 'D12.776.543.750.720.600.610.200', 'D12.776.543.750.750.555.610.200'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.620.400', 'D12.776.543.750.720.600.610.400', 'D12.776.543.750.750.555.610.400'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.620.550', 'D12.776.543.750.720.600.610.550', 'D12.776.543.750.750.555.610.550']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Body ownership affects visual perception of object size by rescaling the visual representation of external space.
|
Size perception is most often explained by a combination of cues derived from the visual system. However, this traditional cue approach neglects the role of the observer's body beyond mere visual comparison. In a previous study, we used a full-body illusion to show that objects appear larger and farther away when participants experience a small artificial body as their own and that objects appear smaller and closer when they assume ownership of a large artificial body ("Barbie-doll illusion"; van der Hoort, Guterstam, & Ehrsson, PLoS ONE, 6(5), e20195, 2011). The first aim of the present study was to test the hypothesis that this own-body-size effect is distinct from the role of the seen body as a direct familiar-size cue. To this end, we developed a novel setup that allowed for occlusion of the artificial body during the presentation of test objects. Our results demonstrate that the feeling of ownership of an artificial body can alter the perceived sizes of objects without the need for a visible body. Second, we demonstrate that fixation shifts do not contribute to the own-body-size effect. Third, we show that the effect exists in both peri-personal space and distant extra-personal space. Finally, through a meta-analysis, we demonstrate that the own-body-size effect is independent of and adds to the classical visual familiar-size cue effect. Our results suggest that, by changing body size, the entire spatial layout rescales and new objects are now perceived according to this rescaling, without the need to see the body.
|
['Adult', 'Cues', 'Female', 'Fixation, Ocular', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Optical Illusions', 'Ownership', 'Personal Space', 'Size Perception']
| 24,806,404
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['F02.463.425.234'], ['G14.350.253'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F02.463.593.446.659'], ['I01.880.604.583.594', 'N04.452.633'], ['F01.145.875.596'], ['F02.463.593.725', 'F02.463.593.778.794']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Combined treatment with cisplatin and radiation therapy for mouse Cl 300 neuroblastoma.
|
The efficacy of the combined treatment of cisplatin and radiation therapy for mouse C1 300 neuroblastoma was studied. Intraperitoneal cisplatin injections and/or radiation were given from 7 to 21 days after inoculation of the tumor cells into the thigh region of A/Jax mice. The combination of 15 Gy radiation and 6 mg/kg cisplatin had an additive effect on both tumour growth delay and survival rate, while that of 30 Gy radiation and 6 mg/kg cisplatin had a synergistic effect. The efficacy of the combined therapy was dependent on the dose of radiation but not on the dose of cisplatin. The normal skin of the mouse was damaged in the similar pattern with both treatments. Thus, cisplatin has a potent radiosensitising effect in the treatment of mouse neuroblastoma.
|
['Animals', 'Cell Line', 'Cisplatin', 'Combined Modality Therapy', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred A', 'Neoplasm Transplantation', 'Neuroblastoma', 'Radiotherapy Dosage']
| 4,039,094
|
[['B01.050'], ['A11.251.210'], ['D01.210.375', 'D01.625.125', 'D01.710.100'], ['E02.186'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.300', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.300'], ['E05.624'], ['C04.557.465.625.600.590.650.550', 'C04.557.470.670.590.650.550', 'C04.557.580.625.600.590.650.550'], ['E02.815.639']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Remarkable apoptotic pathway of Hemiscorpius lepturus scorpion venom on CT26 cell line.
|
OBJECTIVE: Scorpion venom, considered as a treasure trove of various bioactive molecules, is a new approach to induce cancer cell death via apoptosis pathways. In the present study, we evaluated for first time the anti-proliferative efficacy of Hemiscorpius lepturus scorpion venom and its pathway on a colon carcinoma cell.MATERIALS AND METHODS: The CT26 and VERO cell lines were treated with various concentrations of the venom. The IC50 values were estimated by MTT assay test, and the apoptosis was evaluated by flow cytometry. Moreover, RT-PCR analysis was used to investigate the levels of Bax, Bcl2, Trp53, and Casp3 mRNA expression. The mice xenograft model was established to evaluate the therapy efficiency of venom. Some valuable exponential growth parameters were evaluated in treated mice.RESULT: The scorpion venom inhibited the growth of CT26 cells with an IC50 value about 120 ìg/ml. However, VERO cells increased to 896 ìg/ml under the same condition. A remarkable apoptotic cells in CT26 cells were revealed by flow cytometry assay. A significant over-expression was observed in Bax, Casp3, and Trp53 and downregulated in Bcl2 mRNA level in tumor tissue after treatment with scorpion venom (p < 0.05). All changes of valuable exponential growth parameters showed a shrinking tumor size.CONCLUSION: Our findings indicated that Hemiscorpius lepturus venom has a special anti-proliferative effect on CT26 cells via Trp53/Bcl2/Casp3 pathway. Considering its powerful cytotoxic vigor against a colon cancer cell (CT26) and low toxicity to non-tumorigenic cell (VERO), we propose that this venom probably has a specific effect on other colon cancer cells and may turn out to be a novel therapeutic strategy in treating colon cancer.
|
['Animals', 'Apoptosis', 'Caspase 3', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Chlorocebus aethiops', 'Colonic Neoplasms', 'Female', 'Inhibitory Concentration 50', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred BALB C', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2', 'Scorpion Venoms', 'Scorpions', 'Tumor Suppressor Protein p53', 'Vero Cells', 'Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays', 'bcl-2-Associated X Protein']
| 30,617,443
|
[['B01.050'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['D08.811.277.656.262.500.126.350.300', 'D08.811.277.656.300.200.126.350.300', 'D12.644.360.075.405.350.300', 'D12.776.476.075.405.350.300'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.199.120.126.110'], ['C04.588.274.476.411.307.180', 'C06.301.371.411.307.180', 'C06.405.249.411.307.180', 'C06.405.469.158.356.180', 'C06.405.469.491.307.180'], ['E05.940.350', 'G07.690.936.563'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.338', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.338'], ['D12.644.360.075.718', 'D12.776.476.075.718', 'D12.776.624.664.700.169'], ['D20.888.065.830', 'D23.946.833.065.830'], ['B01.050.500.131.166.661'], ['D12.776.157.687.650', 'D12.776.260.820', 'D12.776.624.776.775', 'D12.776.660.720.650', 'D12.776.744.845'], ['A11.251.210.955', 'A11.436.955'], ['E05.337.550.200.900', 'E05.624.850'], ['D12.644.360.075.718.400', 'D12.776.476.075.718.400']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Exogenous niacin treatment increases NADPH oxidase in kiwifruit.
|
Kiwifruit are a popular fruit worldwide; however, plant growth is threatened by abiotic stresses such as drought and high temperatures. Niacin treatment in plants has been shown to increase NADPH levels, thus enhancing abiotic stresses tolerance. Here, we evaluate the effect of niacin solution spray treatment on NADPH levels in the kiwifruit cultivars Hayward and Xuxiang. We found that spray treatment with niacin solution promoted NADPH and NADP+ levels and decreased both O2·- production and H2O2 contents in leaves during a short period. In fruit, NADPH contents increased during early development, but decreased later. However, no effect on NADP+ levels has been observed throughout fruit development. In summary, this report suggests that niacin may be used to increase NADPH oxidases, thus increasing stress-tolerance in kiwifruit during encounter of short-term stressful conditions.
|
['Actinidia', 'Free Radicals', 'Fruit', 'NADP', 'NADPH Oxidases', 'Niacin', 'Oxidation-Reduction', 'Plant Leaves']
| 29,412,249
|
[['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.341.500.500'], ['D01.339', 'D02.389'], ['A18.024.500', 'G07.203.300.562', 'J02.500.562'], ['D03.633.100.759.646.138.749', 'D08.211.625', 'D13.695.667.138.749', 'D13.695.827.068.749'], ['D08.811.682.608.575', 'D12.776.331.894', 'D12.776.543.653'], ['D03.066.515.475', 'D03.383.725.547.475'], ['G02.700', 'G03.295.531'], ['A18.024.812']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
A Genetic Modifier of the Gut Microbiome Influences the Risk of Graft-versus-Host Disease and Bacteremia After Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation.
|
The human gut microbiome is involved in vital biological functions, such as maintenance of immune homeostasis and modulation of intestinal development and enhanced metabolic capabilities. Disturbances of the intestinal microbiota have been associated with development and progression of inflammatory conditions, including graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). The fucosyltransferase 2 (FUT2) gene produces an enzyme that is responsible for the synthesis of the H antigen in body fluids and on the intestinal mucosa. FUT2 genotype has been shown to modify the gut microbiome. We hypothesized that FUT2 genotype influences risk of GVHD and bacterial translocation after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). FUT2 genotype was determined in 150 consecutive patients receiving allogeneic HSCT at our center. We abstracted clinical characteristics and outcomes from the transplantation database. Cumulative risk of any acute GVHD varied by FUT2 genotype, with decreased risk in those with A/A genotype and increased risk in those with G/G genotype. In contrast, the cumulative incidence of bacteremia was increased in those with A/A genotype. We conclude that the FUT2 genotype influences risk of acute GVHD and bacteremia after HSCT. We hypothesize that the mechanisms involve altered intestinal surface glycosylation and microbial composition but this requires additional study.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Allografts', 'Bacteremia', 'Bacterial Translocation', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Databases, Factual', 'Female', 'Fucosyltransferases', 'Gastrointestinal Microbiome', 'Genotype', 'Graft vs Host Disease', 'Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Male', 'Risk Factors']
| 26,643,031
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['A01.941.500'], ['C01.150.252.100', 'C01.757.100', 'C23.550.470.790.500.100'], ['G06.099.114'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['L01.313.500.750.300.188.400', 'L01.470.750.750'], ['D08.811.913.400.450.300'], ['G06.591.375', 'G16.500.275.157.049.100.500.375', 'N06.230.124.049.100.500.250'], ['G05.380'], ['C20.452'], ['E02.095.147.500.500.500', 'E04.936.225.687.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Aging of patients with hepatitis C virus-associated hepatocellular carcinoma: long-term trends in Japan.
|
The incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in Japan has been increasing. The aim of the present study was to analyze epidemiological changes in Japanese HCC patients. A total of 463 patients with HCC diagnosed at our hospital between 1982 and 2001 were recruited for this study. Cohorts of patients with HCC were categorized into intervals of five years. The number of HBV- and HCV-associated HCC cases had decreased and increased in 1987-1991, respectively, and thereafter reached a plateau. The mean age of patients at diagnosis of HCV-associated HCC showed a steady significant increase from 60 to 68 years of age during the period, suggesting that these findings were associated with a shift toward an older-age group that had the highest rate of HCV infection. The mean age of patients with other types of HCC did not significantly change during the period. Since it is known that the prevalence of HCV infection in young Japanese persons is low and that the incidence of HCV infection is very low at present, our findings may indicate that the prevalence of HCC will decline in Japan, an advanced country with regard to HCV-associated HCC, in the near future.
|
['Aged', 'Aging', 'Carcinoma, Hepatocellular', 'Cohort Studies', 'Hepacivirus', 'Hepatitis B', 'Hepatitis B virus', 'Hepatitis C', 'Humans', 'Japan', 'Liver Neoplasms', 'Middle Aged', 'Time Factors']
| 16,969,503
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['G07.345.124'], ['C04.557.470.200.025.255', 'C04.588.274.623.160', 'C06.301.623.160', 'C06.552.697.160'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['B04.450.380', 'B04.820.578.344.475'], ['C01.221.250.500', 'C01.925.256.430.400', 'C01.925.440.435', 'C06.552.380.705.437'], ['B04.280.375.650.425', 'B04.450.390.650.425'], ['C01.221.250.750', 'C01.925.440.440', 'C01.925.782.350.350', 'C06.552.380.705.440'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.252.474.463', 'Z01.639.595'], ['C04.588.274.623', 'C06.301.623', 'C06.552.697'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Navigator-gated coronary magnetic resonance angiography using steady-state-free-precession: comparison to standard T2-prepared gradient-echo and spiral imaging.
|
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: Recent developments of magnetic resonance imaging enabled free-breathing coronary MRA (cMRA) using steady-state-free-precession (SSFP) for endogenous contrast. The purpose of this study was a systematic comparison of SSFP cMRA with standard T2-prepared gradient-echo and spiral cMRA.METHODS: Navigator-gated free-breathing T2-prepared SSFP-, T2-prepared gradient-echo- and T2-prepared spiral cMRA was performed in 18 healthy swine (45-68 kg body-weight). Image quality was investigated subjectively and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) and vessel sharpness were compared.RESULTS: SSFP cMRA allowed for high quality cMRA during free breathing with substantial improvements in SNR, CNR and vessel sharpness when compared with standard T2-prepared gradient-echo imaging. Spiral imaging demonstrated the highest SNR while image quality score and vessel definition was best for SSFP imaging.CONCLUSION: Navigator-gated free-breathing T2-prepared SSFP cMRA is a promising new imaging approach for high signal and high contrast imaging of the coronary arteries with improved vessel border definition.
|
['Animals', 'Coronary Angiography', 'Coronary Disease', 'Image Processing, Computer-Assisted', 'Imaging, Three-Dimensional', 'Magnetic Resonance Angiography', 'Swine']
| 12,750,615
|
[['B01.050'], ['E01.370.350.130.625', 'E01.370.350.700.060.200', 'E01.370.370.050.200', 'E01.370.370.380.200'], ['C14.280.647.250', 'C14.907.585.250'], ['L01.224.308'], ['E01.370.350.400', 'L01.224.308.410'], ['E01.370.350.825.500.500', 'E01.370.370.050.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.880']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Routine use of continuous, hyperfractionated, accelerated radiotherapy for non-small-cell lung cancer: a five-center experience.
|
PURPOSE: To report the results from continuous, hyperfractionated, accelerated radiotherapy (CHART) used as the standard fractionation for radical RT in the management of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in five United Kingdom centers.METHODS AND MATERIALS: In 2005, the CHART consortium identified six U.K. centers that had continued to use CHART after the publication of the CHART study in 1997. All centers had been using CHART for >5 years and agreed to use a common database to audit their results. Patients treated with CHART between 1998 and December 2003 were identified to allow a minimum of 2 years of follow-up. Patient demographics, tumor characteristics, treatment details, and survival were recorded retrospectively. Five centers completed the data collection.RESULTS: A total of 583 patients who had received CHART were identified. Of these patients, 69% were male, with a median age of 68 years (range, 31-89); 83% had performance status 0 or 1; and 43% had Stage I or II disease. Of the 583 patients, 99% received the prescribed dose. In only 4 patients was any Grade 4-5 toxicity documented. The median survival from the start of RT was 16.2 months, and the 2-year survival rate of 34% was comparable to that reported in the original study.CONCLUSION: The results of this unselected series have confirmed that CHART is deliverable in routine clinical practice, with low levels of toxicity. Importantly, this series has demonstrated that the results of CHART reported from the randomized trial can be reproduced in routine clinical practice.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung', 'Combined Modality Therapy', 'Dose Fractionation, Radiation', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Lung Neoplasms', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasm Staging', 'Radiotherapy Dosage', 'Survival Analysis', 'Survivors']
| 18,355,975
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['C04.588.894.797.520.109.220.249', 'C08.381.540.140.500', 'C08.785.520.100.220.500'], ['E02.186'], ['E02.815.639.200'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.588.894.797.520', 'C08.381.540', 'C08.785.520'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.789.625'], ['E02.815.639'], ['E05.318.740.998', 'N05.715.360.750.795', 'N06.850.520.830.998'], ['M01.860']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
What the loss of the hormone neuroparsin in the melanogaster subgroup of Drosophila can tell us about its function.
|
The twelve sequenced Drosophila genomes show the vast majority of neurohormone and neuropeptide genes to be very well conserved. Nonetheless, the gene encoding the hormone neuroparsin has undergone significant evolution. Although Drosophila melanogaster has one of the best known genomes, no neuroparsin gene can be detected in either the assembled genome or any of the individual sequencing traces. This gene is similarly absent from the genomes of other species in the melanogaster subgroup, even though it is present in the genomes of eight other Drosophila species. Transgenes in which the promotor of the Drosophila ananassae neuroparsin gene drives expression of gal4 show no expression in D. melanogaster. The hypothesis that this gene has been lost from the melanogaster subgroup is also supported by the neuroparsin gene of Drosophila auraria. In this species, of which the genome has not been sequenced, but which stands phylogenetically between D. ananassae and D. melanogaster, the predicted neuroparsin has lost half its normal size, including four of the twelve conserved cysteine residues. These findings demonstrate that a hormone which plays important regulatory roles in development and reproduction in hemimetabola and is important in mosquito reproduction, has lost its relevance in the melanogaster subgroup of the genus Drosophila. If the essential role of neuroparsin in larval hemimetabola is to ensure the gradual progression from a larval into an adult form during development, that role might become superfluous in some holometabola. In mosquitoes the role of neuroparsin in reproduction appears similar to that of the insulin-related hormones. Perhaps the combination of the development of a complete metamorphosis and a redundant role in reproduction made neuroparsin dispensable in some Drosophila species.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Animals', 'Computational Biology', 'Drosophila', 'Genes, Insect', 'Insect Hormones', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Sequence Alignment', 'Transformation, Genetic']
| 20,226,240
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['B01.050'], ['H01.158.273.180', 'L01.313.124'], ['B01.050.500.131.617.720.500.500.750.310.250'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.340', 'G05.360.340.357.500'], ['D06.472.445.573'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['E05.393.751'], ['G05.728.865']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Reduced aerobic capacity in patients with severe osteoporosis: a cross sectional study.
|
AIM: It has been previously shown that pulmonary function (PF) is significantly diminished in patients with osteoporosis (OP). But there are few data about the relationship between PF and aerobic capacity of osteoporotic patients and the severity of thoracic kyphosis and time since the diagnosis of OP. The aim of the present study was to investigate the resting spirometric values and cardiopulmonary test (CPET) results of women with osteoporosis and to evaluate the effects of the various degrees of OP on these parameters.METHODS: Fifty six outpatient subjects were included in the study. All patients underwent a standardized interview, physical examination, bone mineral density (BMD), anteroposterior and lateral x-rays of thoracic spine, resting PF test and CPET evaluation. To evaluate the effects of the severity of osteoporosis on these parameters patient group divided according to diagnosis time of OP, degree of kyphosis, and spinal deformity index. Demographic and clinical data were compared between the groups with the use of independent-sample t test analysis (two groups) and analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to estimate the between-group differences and changes by severity of osteoporosis and regression analyses to find predictors for changes. Correlation coefficients were used to examine the relationship between variables.RESULTS: According to diagnosis time, newly diagnosed groups; according to degree of kyphosis, the kyphotic groups; according to spinal deformity index, the higher spinal deformity index groups showed statistically significant and declining results in PF tests and CPET parameters.CONCLUSION: This study pointed out a significant impaired PF, aerobic capacity and a serious deconditioning for various reasons in these OP patients Therefore, the evaluation of CPET should be included in the management of OP patients and in these patients ventilatory muscle training and aerobic exercises may offer a potential therapeutic adjunct to current OP therapies in the future.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Analysis of Variance', 'Chi-Square Distribution', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Exercise Tolerance', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Kyphosis', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Osteoporosis', 'Respiratory Function Tests', 'Risk Factors', 'Severity of Illness Index']
| 18,418,334
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E05.318.740.150', 'N05.715.360.750.125', 'N06.850.520.830.150'], ['E05.318.740.994.300', 'G17.820.300', 'N05.715.360.750.750.200', 'N06.850.520.830.994.300'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['G11.427.680.270'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C05.116.900.800.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C05.116.198.579', 'C18.452.104.579'], ['E01.370.386.700'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475.456.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.364.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.364.500']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Longitudinal changes in hearing ability among Swedish conscripts.
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An analysis of a military database of about 36,000 tone audiograms from male Swedish conscripts aged 18 to 19 and recorded from 1969 to 1977 demonstrates a successively decreasing prevalence of hearing loss during this period. This might reflect improved therapy during the 1950s and 1960s of ear disorders causing hearing loss in small children. If observations in other studies on a reverse trend during the 1980s are confirmed, they indicate, together with the present study, that around 1980 young people began to be harmfully exposed to an environmental factor causing hearing loss. If this is the case, the causative factor would probably be non-occupational exposure to electronically amplified sounds from loudspeakers and headphones.
|
['Acoustic Stimulation', 'Adult', 'Amplifiers, Electronic', 'Audiometry', 'Auditory Threshold', 'Environment', 'Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced', 'Humans', 'Longitudinal Studies', 'Male', 'Military Personnel', 'Noise', 'Sweden']
| 8,321,999
|
[['E02.037', 'E02.190.888.030', 'E05.723.136'], ['M01.060.116'], ['E07.305.061'], ['E01.370.382.375.060'], ['F02.463.593.071.173', 'F02.463.593.710.190', 'G07.888.125.173'], ['G16.500.275', 'N06.230'], ['C09.218.458.341.887.460', 'C10.597.751.418.341.887.460', 'C23.888.592.763.393.341.887.460'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.500'], ['M01.526.625'], ['G01.750.770.776.567', 'G16.500.275.600', 'N06.230.400', 'N06.850.460.610'], ['Z01.542.816.500']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Characterization of intestinal smooth muscle responses and binding sites for endothelin.
|
The contractile activity of and binding sites for endothelin-1 (ET-1) were investigated in isolated guinea-pig ileal longitudinal smooth muscle (GPILM). ET-1 produced concentration-dependent contractions of GPILM that either slowly subsided in the continued presence of ET-1 or rapidly subsided following washing of the tissue. The ED50 value for ET-1 contractions was 4.2 +/- 1.3 x 10(-9) M. The removal of extracellular calcium or pretreatment with nifedipine produced a complete inhibition of the contractions to ET-1. The IC50 value of nifedipine for inhibition of ET-1 mediated contractions was 3.0 +/- 0.8 x 10(-8) M. ET-1 produced a marked prolonged homologous desensitization of its contractile response but did not affect the responses mediated by carbachol, histamine, serotonin, substance P, and PLA2. High-affinity binding sites for 125I-labelled ET-1 were identified on microsomal membranes prepared from GPILM with Kd and Bmax values obtained by Scatchard analysis of 3.5 +/- 0.6 x 10(-10) M and 2138 +/- 159 fmol/mg protein, respectively. The binding of 125I-labelled ET-1 to GPILM microsomes was characterized by a rapid association (kob value of 0.077 min-1 at a radioligand concentration of 0.45 nM and an extremely slow dissociation (k1 value of 0.011 min-1; t1/2 value of 793 min). The binding was unaffected by the calcium channel antagonists nifedipine, verapamil, and diltiazem (10(-6) M); the receptor antagonists phenoxybenzamine, atropine, and naloxone (10(-6) M) and propranolol; and the peripheral benzodiazepine receptor antagonists Ro 5-4864 and PK 11195 and psychotomimetic drug phencyclidine (10(-5) M).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
|
['Animals', 'Calcium Channels', 'Endothelins', 'Guinea Pigs', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Intestinal Mucosa', 'Iodine Radioisotopes', 'Male', 'Muscle Contraction', 'Muscle, Smooth', 'Receptors, Cell Surface', 'Receptors, Endothelin']
| 1,318,161
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.776.157.530.400.150', 'D12.776.543.550.450.150', 'D12.776.543.585.400.150'], ['D12.644.276.400', 'D12.776.467.400', 'D23.529.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.550'], ['E05.481'], ['A03.556.124.369', 'A10.615.550.444'], ['D01.268.380.400.500.496', 'D01.496.448.496', 'D01.496.749.474'], ['G11.427.494'], ['A02.633.570', 'A10.690.467'], ['D12.776.543.750'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.220', 'D12.776.543.750.750.320']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Suppression of murine osteoarthritis by 4-methylumbelliferone.
|
Using in vitro models, we previously reported that 4-methylumbelliferone (4-MU) blocked many of the pro-catabolic features of activated chondrocytes. 4-MU also blocked safranin O loss from human cartilage explants exposed to interleukin 1â (IL1â) in vitro. However, the mechanism for this chondroprotective effect was independent of the action of 4-MU as a hyaluronan (HA) inhibitor. Interestingly, overexpression of HA synthase 2 (HAS2) also blocked the same pro-catabolic features of activated chondrocytes as 4-MU via a mechanism independent of extracellular HA accumulation. Data suggest that altering UDP-sugars may be behind these changes in chondrocyte metabolism. However, all of our previous experiments with 4-MU or HAS2 overexpression were performed in vitro. The purpose of this study was to confirm whether 4-MU was effective at limiting the effects of osteoarthritis (OA) on articular cartilage in vivo. The progression of OA was evaluated after destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM) surgery on C57BL/6 mice in the presence or absence of 4-MU-containing chow. Mice fed 4-MU after DMM surgery exhibited significant suppression of OA starting from an early stage in vivo. Mice fed 4-MU exhibited lower OARSI scores after DMM; reduced osteophyte formation and reduced MMP3 and MMP13 immunostaining. 4-MU also exerted pronounced chondroprotective effects on murine joint cartilage exposed to IL1â in vitro and, blocked IL1â-enhanced lactate production in cartilage explants. Therefore, 4-MU is effective at significantly reducing the loss of proteoglycan and reducing MMP production both in vitro and in vivo as well as cartilage damage and osteophyte formation in vivo after DMM. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res. 38:1122-1131, 2020.
|
['Animals', 'Arthritis, Experimental', 'Drug Evaluation, Preclinical', 'Female', 'Hymecromone', 'Male', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Osteoarthritis']
| 31,774,188
|
[['B01.050'], ['C05.550.114.015', 'E05.598.500.249'], ['E05.290.750', 'E05.337.550'], ['D03.383.663.283.446.912.531', 'D03.633.100.150.446.912.531'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['C05.550.114.606', 'C05.799.613']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Prostate and colon cancer screening messages in popular magazines.
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OBJECTIVES: To 1) compare the number of articles published about prostate, colon, and breast cancer in popular magazines during the past 2 decades, and 2) evaluate the content of in-depth prostate and colon cancer screening articles identified from 1996 to 2001.DESIGN: We used a searchable database to identify the number of prostate, colon, and breast cancer articles published in three magazines with the highest circulation from six categories. In addition, we performed a systematic review on the in-depth (> or = 2 pages) articles on prostate and colon cancer screening that appeared from 1996 through 2001.RESULTS: Although the number of magazine articles on prostate and colon cancer published in the 1990s increased compared to the 1980s, the number of articles is approximately one third of breast cancer articles. There were 36 in-depth articles from 1996 to 2001 in which prostate or colon cancer screening were mentioned. Over 90% of the articles recommended screening. However, of those articles, only 76% (25/33; 95% confidence interval [CI], 58% to 89%) cited screening guidelines. The benefits of screening were mentioned in 89% (32/36; 95% CI, 74% to 97%) but the harms were only found in 58% (21/36; 95% CI, 41% to 75%). Only 28% (10/36; 95% CI, 14% to 45%) of the articles provided all the necessary information needed for the reader to make an informed decision.CONCLUSIONS: In-depth articles about prostate and colon cancer in popular magazines do not appear as frequently as articles about breast cancer. The available articles on prostate and colon cancer screening often do not provide the information necessary for the reader to make an informed decision about screening.
|
['Breast Neoplasms', 'Colonic Neoplasms', 'Decision Making', 'Female', 'Health Education', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Mass Screening', 'Periodicals as Topic', 'Prostatic Neoplasms']
| 15,242,469
|
[['C04.588.180', 'C17.800.090.500'], ['C04.588.274.476.411.307.180', 'C06.301.371.411.307.180', 'C06.405.249.411.307.180', 'C06.405.469.158.356.180', 'C06.405.469.491.307.180'], ['F02.463.785.373'], ['I02.233.332', 'N02.421.726.407'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.500', 'E05.318.308.980.438.580', 'N02.421.726.233.443', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.580', 'N06.850.780.500'], ['L01.178.682.829.678'], ['C04.588.945.440.770', 'C12.294.260.750', 'C12.294.565.625', 'C12.758.409.750']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Comparative use of biomedical services and traditional healing options by American Indian veterans.
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OBJECTIVE: This study described service use among American Indian veterans, compared use patterns across biomedical care and traditional healing options, and tested whether utilization varied as a function of need or availability.METHODS: A cross-sectional survey of 621 male combat veterans selected from tribal rolls was conducted between 1992 and 1995 in American Indian reservation communities in the Southwest and in the Northern Plains. Measures included assessments of demographic characteristics, physical and mental health conditions, and self-reports of any use during the past year of Veterans Administration (VA), Indian Health Service (IHS), and other biomedical services as well as participation in traditional ceremonies and use of indigenous healing options.RESULTS: Tribal groups were similar in sociodemographic characteristics and in number of health problems and mental and substance use problems during the past year. The same types of services from IHS were available to the two groups, and the geographic distance to these services was similar. VA facilities were more readily available in the Northern Plains than in the Southwest, where they were far from reservation boundaries. Use of IHS services was similar for the two tribal groups, but use of VA services was significantly less in the Southwest. Overall, biomedical services were used more in the Northern Plains, reflecting greater use of VA facilities. However, these differences in overall health service disappeared when traditional healing options were considered. Use of traditional healing was greater in the Southwest, offsetting lower biomedical service use.CONCLUSIONS: When the full array of options is examined, service use functions according to need for health care, but the kind of services used varies according to availability.
|
['Adult', 'Community Health Services', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Health Services Accessibility', 'Health Services, Indigenous', 'Hospitals, Veterans', 'Humans', 'Indians, North American', 'Male', 'Medicine, Traditional', 'Middle Aged', 'Midwestern United States', 'Southwestern United States', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'United States', 'United States Indian Health Service', 'Veterans']
| 11,141,531
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['N02.421.143'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['N04.590.374.350', 'N05.300.430'], ['N02.421.330'], ['N02.278.421.510.180.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.686.508.150.600'], ['E02.190.488', 'I01.076.201.450.654'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['Z01.107.567.875.510'], ['Z01.107.567.875.760'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['Z01.107.567.875'], ['I01.409.418.750.600.650.825', 'N03.540.348.500.500.600.650.825'], ['M01.930']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Science classroom inquiry (SCI) simulations: a novel method to scaffold science learning.
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Science education is progressively more focused on employing inquiry-based learning methods in the classroom and increasing scientific literacy among students. However, due to time and resource constraints, many classroom science activities and laboratory experiments focus on simple inquiry, with a step-by-step approach to reach predetermined outcomes. The science classroom inquiry (SCI) simulations were designed to give students real life, authentic science experiences within the confines of a typical classroom. The SCI simulations allow students to engage with a science problem in a meaningful, inquiry-based manner. Three discrete SCI simulations were created as website applications for use with middle school and high school students. For each simulation, students were tasked with solving a scientific problem through investigation and hypothesis testing. After completion of the simulation, 67% of students reported a change in how they perceived authentic science practices, specifically related to the complex and dynamic nature of scientific research and how scientists approach problems. Moreover, 80% of the students who did not report a change in how they viewed the practice of science indicated that the simulation confirmed or strengthened their prior understanding. Additionally, we found a statistically significant positive correlation between students' self-reported changes in understanding of authentic science practices and the degree to which each simulation benefitted learning. Since SCI simulations were effective in promoting both student learning and student understanding of authentic science practices with both middle and high school students, we propose that SCI simulations are a valuable and versatile technology that can be used to educate and inspire a wide range of science students on the real-world complexities inherent in scientific study.
|
['Adolescent', 'Computer Simulation', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Internet', 'Male', 'Problem-Based Learning', 'Schools', 'Science', 'Social Perception', 'Students']
| 25,786,245
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['L01.224.160'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.224.230.110.500'], ['F02.463.425.720', 'I02.158.660', 'I02.903.565'], ['I02.783', 'J03.832'], ['H01.770'], ['F02.463.593.752'], ['M01.848']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
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Correlation of retention parameters of pesticides in normal- and reversed-phase systems and their utilization for the separation of a mixture of 14 triazines and urea herbicides by means of two-dimensional thin-layer chromatography.
|
The selectivities of TLC systems were compared by use of correlations between RF(II) and RF(I) (by analogy with two-dimensional TLC). The greatest spread of points, indicative of individual selectivity, was obtained for nonaqueous mobile phases on silica and aqueous mobile phases on octadecyl silica adsorbent wettable with water (RP-18 W). The correlation of RF values in normal- and reversed-phase systems was utilized in the practical separation of a mixture of 14 triazines and urea herbicides using two-dimensional thin-layer chromatography on a Multi-K CS5 dual phase (3 cm strip of octadecyl silica parallel to silica layer). The plate was videoscanned showing the real picture of the plate.
|
['Chromatography, Thin Layer', 'Herbicides', 'Pesticides', 'Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet', 'Triazines']
| 12,184,624
|
[['E05.196.181.400.537'], ['D27.720.031.700.366', 'D27.888.723.366'], ['D27.720.031.700', 'D27.888.723'], ['E05.196.712.726.802', 'E05.196.867.826.802'], ['D03.383.931']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The role of Med19 in the proliferation and tumorigenesis of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells.
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AIM: To explore the role of Med19, a component of the Mediator complex that coactivates DNA-binding transcription factors, in the proliferation and tumorigenesis of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells.METHODS: The human hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines HepG2 and Hep3B were infected with lentiviral vectors encoding interfering RNA (RNAi) targeting the Med19 gene. To further confirm the inhibitory effects of RNAi vectors on Med19 gene expression, quantitative real-time RT-PCR and Western blotting assays were used. The proliferation of HepG2 and Hep3B cells after transduction with the Med19-RNAi-Lentivirus vector was evaluated by MTT conversion, BrdU incorporation, colony formation, and cell-cycle assays in vitro. In addition, the ability of the Med19-RNAi-Lentivirus vector-infected Hep3B cells to form tumors after inoculation into nude mice was determined.RESULTS: Recombinant lentiviral vectors expressing small interfering RNA (siRNA) against Med19 were constructed and were found to efficiently downregulate Med19 mRNA and protein levels in HepG2 and Hep3B cells. Furthermore, the inhibition of Med19 by RNAi dramatically reduced hepatocellular carcinoma cell proliferation, induced cell-cycle arrest in the G(0)/G(1) phase, and suppressed tumor formation.CONCLUSION: These results provide new evidence of an important role for Med19 in the development of hepatocellular carcinomas, suggesting that lentivirus-mediated RNAi to target Med19 is a potential tool for inhibiting cancer cell proliferation and tumorigenesis.
|
['Animals', 'Carcinoma, Hepatocellular', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Genetic Vectors', 'Hep G2 Cells', 'Humans', 'Liver Neoplasms', 'Mediator Complex', 'Mice', 'Mice, Nude', 'Neoplasm Transplantation', 'RNA, Small Interfering']
| 21,372,827
|
[['B01.050'], ['C04.557.470.200.025.255', 'C04.588.274.623.160', 'C06.301.623.160', 'C06.552.697.160'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['G05.360.337'], ['A11.251.860.180.432', 'A11.436.348.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.588.274.623', 'C06.301.623', 'C06.552.697'], ['D05.500.374', 'D12.644.360.024.309', 'D12.776.157.057.072', 'D12.776.476.024.388', 'D12.776.660.551'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.500'], ['E05.624'], ['D13.150.650.700', 'D13.444.735.150.700', 'D13.444.735.790.552.875']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Impact of a "No Mobile Device" Policy on Developmental Surveillance in a Pediatric Clinic.
|
Children commonly use mobile devices at pediatric office visits. This practice may affect patient-provider interaction and undermine accuracy of developmental surveillance. A randomized, provider-blinded, controlled trial examined whether a policy prohibiting mobile device use in a pediatric clinic improved accuracy of pediatricians' developmental surveillance. Children, aged 18 to 36 months, were randomized to device-prohibited (intervention; n = 58) or device-allowed (control; n = 54) groups. After a 30-minute well-visit, development was evaluated as "normal," "borderline," or "delayed" in 5 categories using the Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ-3). ASQ-3 results were compared with providers' clinical assessment in each category. Provider-ASQ discrepancies were more common for intervention participants ( P = .025). Providers "missed" more ASQ-3 "delayed" scores ( P = .005) in the intervention group, particularly in the fine motor domain ( P = .018). Prohibiting mobile device use at well-visits did not improve accuracy of providers' developmental surveillance. Mobile devices may entertain children at well-visits, allowing opportunities for parent-provider discussion, or observation of fine motor skills.
|
['Child, Preschool', 'Computers, Handheld', 'Developmental Disabilities', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Male', 'Office Visits', 'Physician-Patient Relations', 'Smartphone', 'Surveys and Questionnaires']
| 29,644,874
|
[['M01.060.406.448'], ['L01.224.230.260.550.500'], ['F03.625.421'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['N04.452.758.635'], ['F01.829.401.650.675', 'N05.300.660.625'], ['L01.178.847.698.300.250', 'L01.224.230.260.550.500.750'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Translocations as experiments in the ecological resilience of an asocial mega-herbivore.
|
Species translocations are remarkable experiments in evolutionary ecology, and increasingly critical to biodiversity conservation. Elaborate socio-ecological hypotheses for translocation success, based on theoretical fitness relationships, are untested and lead to complex uncertainty rather than parsimonious solutions. We used an extraordinary 89 reintroduction and 102 restocking events releasing 682 black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis) to 81 reserves in southern Africa (1981-2005) to test the influence of interacting socio-ecological and individual characters on post-release survival. We predicted that the socio-ecological context should feature more prominently after restocking than reintroduction because released rhinoceros interact with resident conspecifics. Instead, an interaction between release cohort size and habitat quality explained reintroduction success but only individuals' ages explained restocking outcomes. Achieving translocation success for many species may not be as complicated as theory suggests. Black rhino, and similarly asocial generalist herbivores without substantial predators, are likely to be resilient to ecological challenges and robust candidates for crisis management in a changing world.
|
['Animal Migration', 'Animals', 'Conservation of Natural Resources', 'Ecological and Environmental Phenomena', 'Herbivory', 'Perissodactyla', 'Social Behavior', 'Time Factors']
| 22,295,100
|
[['F01.145.113.069.500'], ['B01.050'], ['J01.256', 'N06.230.080'], ['G16.500'], ['F01.145.113.547.600', 'F01.145.407.758', 'G07.203.650.353.758'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.984'], ['F01.145.813'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Pterostilbene Enhances TRAIL-Induced Apoptosis through the Induction of Death Receptors and Downregulation of Cell Survival Proteins in TRAIL-Resistance Triple Negative Breast Cancer Cells.
|
Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-induced ligand (TRAIL) is nontoxic to normal cells and preferentially cytotoxic to cancer cells. Recent data suggest that malignant breast cancer cells often become resistant to TRAIL. Pterostilbene (PTER), a naturally occurring analogue of resveratrol found in blueberries, is known to induce cancer cells to undergo apoptosis. In the present study, we examined whether PTER affects TRAIL-induced apoptosis and its mechanism in TRAIL-resistant triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells. Our data indicated that PTER induced apoptosis (14.68 ± 3.78% for 40 ìM PTER vs 1.98 ± 0.25% for control, p < 0.01) in TNBC cells and enhanced TRAIL-induced apoptosis in TRAIL-resistant TNBC cells (18.45 ± 4.65% for 40 ìM PTER vs 29.38 ± 6.35% for combination of 40 ìM PTER and 100 ng/mL TRAIL, p < 0.01). We demonstrated that PTER induced death receptors DR5 and DR4 as well as decreased decoy receptor DcR-1 and DcR-2 expression. PTER also decreased the antiapoptotic proteins c-FLIPS/L, Bcl-Xl, Bcl-2, survivin, and XIAP. PTER induced the cleavage of bid protein and caused proapoptotic Bax accumulation. Moreover, we found that PTER induced the expression of DR4 and DR5 through the reactive oxygen species (ROS)/ endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress/ERK 1/2 and p38/C/EBP-homologous protein (CHOP) signaling pathways. Overall, our results showed that PTER potentiated TRAIL-induced apoptosis via ROS-mediated CHOP activation leading to the expression of DR4 and DR5.
|
['Apoptosis', 'Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Cell Survival', 'Down-Regulation', 'Humans', 'Reactive Oxygen Species', 'Receptors, Death Domain', 'Receptors, TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand', 'Signal Transduction', 'Stilbenes', 'TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand', 'Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms']
| 29,164,887
|
[['G04.146.954.035'], ['D12.644.360.075', 'D12.776.476.075'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['G04.346'], ['G02.111.240', 'G05.308.200', 'G07.690.773.937'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D01.339.431', 'D01.650.775'], ['D12.776.543.750.690'], ['D12.776.543.750.690.600', 'D12.776.543.750.705.852.760.396'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.150.700'], ['D12.644.276.374.750.625', 'D12.776.467.374.750.625', 'D23.529.374.750.625'], ['C04.588.180.788', 'C17.800.090.500.788']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Endothelium dependent relaxation in rabbit genital resistance arteries is predominantly mediated by endothelial-derived hyperpolarizing factor in females and nitric oxide in males.
|
PURPOSE: In nongenital arteries a sex difference has been postulated in the dominant endothelium-derived relaxant factor(s), eg nitric oxide, prostacyclin or endothelial-derived hyperpolarizing factor. Knowledge of endothelium-derived relaxant factor mechanisms in genital tissues could influence the development of novel treatments for sexual dysfunction. We compared nitric oxide and endothelial-derived hyperpolarizing factor contributions to acetylcholine induced relaxation in the genital arteries of the 2 sexes.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Male dorsal and cavernous penile arteries, and female extravaginal and intravaginal arteries from New Zealand White rabbits were studied. Acetylcholine concentration-vasodilator response curves were constructed in the presence of the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor Nomega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester, K(+) channel blockers (apamin and charybdotoxin) or a combination. Indomethacin was present throughout to exclude prostacyclins.RESULTS: Extravaginal artery relaxation was predominantly endothelial-derived hyperpolarizing factor induced. Apamin plus charybdotoxin decreased maximal relaxations from a mean +/- SEM of 77% +/- 4% to 23% +/- 3% in 6 preparations (p <0.01). However, nitric oxide and endothelial-derived hyperpolarizing factor contributed to overall function. Dorsal artery relaxation was largely nitric oxide induced. Nomega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester decreased maximal relaxations from 90% +/- 3% to 41% +/- 9% (p <0.001) with no endothelial-derived hyperpolarizing factor involvement (p >0.05). In cavernous and intravaginal arteries nitric oxide and endothelial-derived hyperpolarizing factor contributed to acetylcholine induced relaxation, while nitric oxide predominated. Blocking nitric oxide synthase or K(+) channels indicated that myogenic tone and constitutive activity of endothelium-derived relaxant factors were present. Vasodilator nerve mediated responses were influenced by each with the former more effective.CONCLUSIONS: Vaginal inflow arteries showed a dominance of endothelial-derived hyperpolarizing factor, contrasting with nitric oxide in penile arteries. Penile arteries followed the trend that endothelial-derived hyperpolarizing factor involvement increased with decreasing vessel caliber, while the reverse was demonstrated in female arteries.
|
['Animals', 'Biological Factors', 'Endothelium, Vascular', 'Female', 'Male', 'Muscle Relaxation', 'Nitric Oxide', 'Penis', 'Rabbits', 'Sex Characteristics', 'Vagina', 'Vascular Resistance']
| 17,222,682
|
[['B01.050'], ['D23'], ['A07.015.700.500', 'A10.272.491.355'], ['G11.427.494.554'], ['D01.339.387', 'D01.625.550.500', 'D01.625.700.500', 'D01.650.550.587.600'], ['A05.360.444.492'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.968.700'], ['G08.686.815'], ['A05.360.319.779'], ['G09.330.380.921']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Comparative Immunogenicities of full-length Plasmodium falciparum merozoite surface protein 3 and a 24-kilodalton N-terminal fragment.
|
Recombinant Plasmodium falciparum merozoite surface protein 3 (PfMSP3F) and a 24-kDa fragment from its N terminus (MSP3N) that includes the essential conserved domain, which elicits the maximum antibody (Ab)-dependent cellular inhibition (ADCI), were expressed as soluble proteins in Escherichia coli. Both proteins were found to be stable in both soluble and lyophilized forms. Immunization with MSP3F and MSP3N formulated separately with two human-compatible adjuvants, aluminum hydroxide (Alhydrogel) and Montanide ISA 720, produced significant antibody responses in mice and rabbits. Polyclonal Abs against both antigens recognized native MSP3 in the parasite lysate. These two Abs also recognized two synthetic peptides, previously characterized to possess B cell epitopes from the N-terminal region. Antibody depletion assay showed that most of the IgG response is directed toward the N-terminal region of the full protein. Anti-MSP3F and anti-MSP3N rabbit antibodies did not inhibit merozoite invasion or intraerythrocytic development but significantly reduced parasitemia in the presence of human monocytes. The ADCI demonstrated by anti-MSP3N antibodies was comparable to that exhibited by anti-MSP3F antibodies (both generated in rabbit). These results suggest that the N-terminal fragment of MSP3 can be considered a vaccine candidate that can form part of a multigenic vaccine against malaria.
|
['Adjuvants, Immunologic', 'Aluminum Hydroxide', 'Animals', 'Antibodies, Protozoan', 'Antigens, Protozoan', 'Escherichia coli', 'Freeze Drying', 'Gene Expression', 'Humans', 'Immunoglobulin G', 'Malaria Vaccines', 'Male', 'Mannitol', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred BALB C', 'Monocytes', 'Oleic Acids', 'Parasitemia', 'Plasmodium falciparum', 'Protein Stability', 'Protozoan Proteins', 'Rabbits', 'Recombinant Proteins', 'Solubility']
| 21,632,889
|
[['D27.505.696.477.067'], ['D01.045.250.050', 'D01.056.037', 'D01.248.497.158.459.075'], ['B01.050'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.252', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.252', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.252'], ['D23.050.293'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.760.160.260', 'E01.370.225.750.600.760.160.260', 'E02.792.156.260', 'E05.200.500.620.760.160.260', 'E05.200.750.600.760.160.260', 'E05.760.156.260'], ['G05.297'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.619.393', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.619.393', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.619.393'], ['D20.215.894.582.500'], ['D02.033.800.609', 'D09.853.609'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.338', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.338'], ['A11.118.637.555.652', 'A11.148.580', 'A11.627.624', 'A11.733.547', 'A15.145.229.637.555.652', 'A15.378.316.580', 'A15.382.490.555.652', 'A15.382.670.547', 'A15.382.680.547'], ['D10.251.355.325.600'], ['C01.610.695', 'C23.550.470.790.500.580'], ['B01.043.075.380.611.561'], ['G02.111.700'], ['D12.776.820'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.968.700'], ['D12.776.828'], ['G02.805']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Effect of visual and tactile feedback on kinematic synergies in the grasping hand.
|
The human hand uses a combination of feedforward and feedback mechanisms to accomplish high degree of freedom in grasp control efficiently. In this study, we used a synergy-based control model to determine the effect of sensory feedback on kinematic synergies in the grasping hand. Ten subjects performed two types of grasps: one that included feedback (real) and one without feedback (memory-guided), at two different speeds (rapid and natural). Kinematic synergies were extracted from rapid real and rapid memory-guided grasps using principal component analysis. Synergies extracted from memory-guided grasps revealed greater preservation of natural inter-finger relationships than those found in corresponding synergies extracted from real grasps. Reconstruction of natural real and natural memory-guided grasps was used to test performance and generalizability of synergies. A temporal analysis of reconstruction patterns revealed the differing contribution of individual synergies in real grasps versus memory-guided grasps. Finally, the results showed that memory-guided synergies could not reconstruct real grasps as accurately as real synergies could reconstruct memory-guided grasps. These results demonstrate how visual and tactile feedback affects a closed-loop synergy-based motor control system.
|
['Biomechanical Phenomena', 'Computer Simulation', 'Feedback, Sensory', 'Fingers', 'Hand', 'Hand Strength', 'Humans', 'Nontherapeutic Human Experimentation', 'Principal Component Analysis', 'Touch']
| 26,660,896
|
[['G01.154.090', 'G01.374.089'], ['L01.224.160'], ['F04.754.137.301.500', 'F04.754.308.500.500', 'F04.754.339', 'G07.410.732.500'], ['A01.378.800.667.430'], ['A01.378.800.667'], ['E01.370.600.425.500', 'G11.427.560.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.445.750', 'H01.770.644.145.365.750'], ['E05.318.740.562'], ['F02.830.816.850', 'G11.561.790.850']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Clinical case of the month. Antibiotics and hemodialysis: three cases of neurotoxicity from Maxipime].
|
The metabolism of drugs is altered in dialysed patients. We report three clinical cases of neurological toxicity from cefepime in dialysed patient. This molecule can induce in renal insufficiency patients various reversible neurological manifestations like metabolic encephalopathy, myoclonies, or a state of status epilepticus that mimics sometimes a coma in spite of adequate dosing.
|
['Aged', 'Anti-Bacterial Agents', 'Brain Diseases', 'Cefepime', 'Cephalosporins', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Renal Dialysis']
| 18,561,766
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['D27.505.954.122.085'], ['C10.228.140'], ['D02.065.589.099.249.173', 'D02.886.665.074.173', 'D03.633.100.300.249.173'], ['D02.065.589.099.249', 'D02.886.665.074', 'D03.633.100.300.249'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E02.870.300', 'E02.912.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Protective monoclonal antibodies from mice vaccinated or chronically infected with Schistosoma mansoni that recognize the same antigens.
|
An IgM monoclonal antibody, designated mAb 1.G1, has been generated from spleen cells of mice immunized with irradiated Schistosoma mansoni cercariae. As determined by indirect immunofluorescence, mAb 1.G1 binds to the surface membrane of schistosomula and to the ciliated plates of miracidia. mAb 1.G1 also binds to the protonephridial systems of live adult worms and denuded, acetone-fixed schistosomula. Western blot analysis shows that the target epitope of this mAb is found on Nonidet P-40-solubilized schistosomular antigens ranging in molecular size from 85 to 130 kDa and ciliated plate antigens of miracidia at 92, 95, and 102 kDa. The recognized epitope in an 8 M urea adult worm extract is found on a 97-kDa molecule. In addition, mAb 1.G1 mediates a high level of complement-dependent cytotoxic activity against schistosomula when used in an in vitro assay. In passive immunization experiments, approximately 40% protection was provided mice when mAb 1.G1 was administered either at the time of challenge or when given 8 days postchallenge. However, when administered 15 days postchallenge, mAb 1.G1 failed to mediate passive protection. The ability of mAb 1.G1 to mediate protection in vivo correlates with its recognition of epitopes on the surfaces of live schistosomula up to 8 days but not at 15 days. Western blot analysis showed that the antigens were contained within Nonidet P-40 extracts of schistosomula during the same time period. Furthermore, a second monoclonal antibody (mAb 4.4B) derived from mice chronically infected with S. mansoni exhibits the identical properties as described for mAb 1.G1.
|
['Animals', 'Antibodies, Helminth', 'Antibodies, Monoclonal', 'Antigens, Helminth', 'Chronic Disease', 'Epitopes', 'Fluorescent Antibody Technique', 'Immunization, Passive', 'Immunoglobulin M', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred BALB C', 'Schistosoma mansoni', 'Schistosomiasis mansoni', 'Vaccination']
| 2,445,819
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.185', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.185', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.185'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224'], ['D23.050.223'], ['C23.550.291.500'], ['D23.050.550'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512.240', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512.240', 'E05.200.500.607.512.240', 'E05.200.750.551.512.240', 'E05.478.583.375'], ['E02.095.465.425.400.330', 'E05.478.550.520'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.619.574', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.619.574', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.619.574'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.338', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.338'], ['B01.050.500.500.736.715.770.680.700'], ['C01.610.335.865.859.576', 'C01.920.922.576'], ['E02.095.465.425.400.530.890', 'E05.478.550.600.890', 'N02.421.726.758.310.890', 'N06.850.780.200.425.900', 'N06.850.780.680.310.890']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Polymorphism in nucleotide excision repair gene XPC correlates with bleomycin-induced chromosomal aberrations.
|
Chromosomal aberrations (CAs) are important genetic alterations in the development and progression of the majority of human cancers. The frequency with which such alterations occur depends to a large extent on polymorphisms of DNA-repair genes and in genes coding for xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes, which are involved in the processes of activation and inactivation of xenobiotics. The frequency of bleomycin (BLM)-induced CAs is an indirect measure of the effectiveness of DNA repair mechanisms, and a predictor of environment-related risk of cancer. Our study was conducted on the human peripheral blood lymphocytes of 82 healthy volunteers. The aim of the study was to elucidate whether the frequency of BLM-induced CAs is correlated with polymorphisms of selected genes involved in different mechanisms of DNA repair such as: XRCC1 [base excision repair]; XPA, XPC, XPG, XPD, XPF, ERCC1 [nucleotide excision repair], NBS1, RAD51, XRCC2, XRCC3, RAD51, and BRCA1 [homologous recombination], as well as in genes encoding xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes, such as CYP1A, CYP2E1, NAT2, GSTT1, and EPHX (mEH). Our study indicated that, of the polymorphisms studied, only XPC (exon 15 and intron 11) is associated with BLM-induced CAs, suggesting a role of the NER pathway in the repair of BLM-induced chromosomal aberrations.
|
['Bleomycin', 'Chromosome Aberrations', 'DNA Repair', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Linkage Disequilibrium', 'Male', 'Polymorphism, Genetic']
| 17,685,459
|
[['D09.400.420.110', 'D12.644.233.110'], ['C23.550.210', 'G05.365.590.175'], ['G02.111.222', 'G05.219'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G05.348.500'], ['G05.365.795']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Interaction kinetics of liposome-incorporated unsaturated fatty acids with fatty acid-binding protein 3 by surface plasmon resonance.
|
The role of heart-type fatty acid-binding protein (FABP3) in human physiology as an intracellular carrier of fatty acids (FAs) has been well-documented. In this study, we aimed to develop an analytical method to study real-time interaction kinetics between FABP3 immobilized on the sensor surface and unsaturated C18 FAs using surface plasmon resonance (SPR). To establish the conditions for SPR experiments, we used an FABP3-selective inhibitor 4-(2-(1-(4-bromophenyl)-5-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)-phenoxy)-butyric acid. The affinity index thus obtained was comparable to that reported previously, further supporting the usefulness of the SPR-based approach for evaluating interactions between FABPs and hydrophobic ligands. A pseudo-first-order affinity of FABP3 to K(+) petroselinate (C18:1 Ä6 cis), K(+) elaidate (C18:1 Ä9 trans), and K(+) oleate (C18:1 Ä9 cis) was characterized by the dissociation constant (K(d)) near micromolar ranges, whereas K(+) linoleate (C18:2 Ä9,12 cis/cis) and K(+) á-linolenate (C18:3 Ä9,12,15 cis/cis/cis) showed a higher affinity to FABP3 with Kd around 1 ? 10(-6)M. Interactions between FAPB3 and C18 FAs incorporated in large unilamellar vesicles consisting of 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine and FAs (5:1 molar ratio) were also analysed. Control DMPC liposomes without FA showed only marginal binding to FABP3 immobilized on a sensor chip while liposome-incorporated FA revealed significant responses in sensorgrams, demonstrating that the affinity of FAs to FABP3 could be evaluated by using the liposome-incorporated analytes. Significant affinity to FABP3 was observed for monounsaturated fatty acids (K(d) in the range of 1 ? 10(-7)M). These experiments demonstrated that highly hydrophobic compounds in a liposome-incorporated form could be subjected to SPR experiments for kinetic analysis.
|
['Fatty Acid Binding Protein 3', 'Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins', 'Fatty Acids, Unsaturated', 'Humans', 'Kinetics', 'Liposomes', 'Surface Plasmon Resonance']
| 24,581,547
|
[['D12.776.157.170.125'], ['D12.776.157.170'], ['D10.251.355'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['D25.479.517', 'D26.255.260.517', 'J01.637.051.479.517', 'J01.637.087.500.517'], ['E05.196.890', 'E05.601.043.700']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Experience with trepanotrabeculectomy.
|
The authors analysed the effect of 100 trepanotrabeculectomy operations performed in primary (79 cases), in congenital (16 cases) and in secondary (5 cases) types of glaucoma. The operation itself could normalize the intraocular pressure in 87% of the cases, in 8% the intraocular pressure was normalized by miotics after the operation. In 3% of the cases the pressure could not be controlled even by the additional application of miotics and in 2% of the cases the operation produced a hypotony. The intraoperative and postoperative complications were temporary and without definitive sequels. As the blebs were present in 76% of cases, the authors concluded that the drainage took place under the scleral and conjunctival flap. In the smaller group, the blebs were absent but the intraocular tension was normalized. In these cases it is supposed that Schlemm's canal represents the main route of drainage. According to the authors' experience, trapanotrabeculectomy represents an operation which is easy to perform, which can not cause severe operative or postoperative complications and which can achieve normalization of the intraocular pressure, either by itself or with miotics, in a high percentage of cases.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Glaucoma', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Intraocular Pressure', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Optic Disk', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Trabecular Meshwork', 'Visual Acuity']
| 580,334
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['C11.525.381'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['G14.440'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['A08.800.800.120.680.660', 'A09.371.729.690'], ['C23.550.767'], ['A09.371.060.932'], ['E01.370.380.850.950', 'F02.463.593.932.901', 'G14.940']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Long-term follow-up of pulmonary function in Fabry disease: A bi-center observational study.
|
INTRODUCTION: Fabry disease (FD) is a lysosomal storage disorder leading to decreased á-galactosidase A enzyme activity and subsequent abnormal accumulation of glycosphingolipids in various organs. Although histological evidence of lung involvement has been demonstrated, the functional impact of these changes is less clear.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Adult patients with FD who had yearly pulmonary function tests (PFT) at two centers from 1999 thru 2015 were eligible for this observational study. Primary outcome measures were the change in forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) and FEV1/FVC over time. As secondary outcome we investigated sex, smoking, enzyme replacement therapy (ERT), residual enzyme activity, and Mainz Severity Score Index as possible predictors.RESULTS: 95 patients (41% male, 38.2 ± 14.5 years) were included. The overall prevalence of bronchial obstruction (BO, (FEV1/FVC < 70%)) was 46%, with male sex, age and smoking as significant predictors. FEV1 decreased 29 ml per year (95% CI -36, -22 ml, p<0.0001). FEV1 decline was significantly higher in males (p = 0.009) and in patients on ERT (p = 0.004). Conclusion: Pulmonary involvement seems to be a relevant manifestation of Fabry disease, and routine PFTs should therefore be included in the multidisciplinary follow-up of these patients.
|
['Adult', 'Airway Obstruction', 'Fabry Disease', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Linear Models', 'Lung', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Respiratory Function Tests', 'Risk Factors', 'Sex Factors', 'Smoking', 'Young Adult']
| 28,742,806
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['C08.618.846.185'], ['C10.228.140.163.100.435.825.200', 'C10.228.140.300.275.374', 'C14.907.253.329.374', 'C16.320.322.124', 'C16.320.565.189.435.825.200', 'C16.320.565.398.641.803.300', 'C16.320.565.595.554.825.200', 'C18.452.132.100.435.825.200', 'C18.452.584.687.803.300', 'C18.452.648.189.435.825.200', 'C18.452.648.398.641.803.300', 'C18.452.648.595.554.825.200'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.740.500.500', 'E05.318.740.750.425', 'E05.599.835.750', 'N05.715.360.750.530.460', 'N05.715.360.750.695.460', 'N06.850.520.830.500.500', 'N06.850.520.830.750.425'], ['A04.411'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.370.386.700'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['N05.715.350.675', 'N06.850.490.875'], ['F01.145.805'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Polymorphisms in drug-metabolizing enzymes as modifiers of cancer risk.
|
The identification of low-penetrance genes, the polymorphisms of which increase an individual's risk of developing cancer, are likely to be extremely important in the general population. In this report we analyzed two genes involved in detoxification. In a number of loci, we identified polymorphic variation correlating with the expression of the gene product. We analyzed two such loci, the cytochrome P-450 gene CYP2D6 and the N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) genes, in patients with bladder and colon cancer, respectively. We observed no statistically significant associations between the control and cancer populations; however, there was a small increase in heterozygote number in bladder cancer.
|
['Arylamine N-Acetyltransferase', 'Base Sequence', 'Cohort Studies', 'Colonic Neoplasms', 'Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6', 'Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System', 'DNA Primers', 'Female', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Mixed Function Oxygenases', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Outpatients', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Polymorphism, Genetic', 'Urinary Bladder Neoplasms']
| 7,497,646
|
[['D08.811.913.050.134.138'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['C04.588.274.476.411.307.180', 'C06.301.371.411.307.180', 'C06.405.249.411.307.180', 'C06.405.469.158.356.180', 'C06.405.469.491.307.180'], ['D08.244.453.005.600', 'D08.244.453.491.372', 'D08.811.682.690.708.170.010.600', 'D08.811.682.690.708.170.450.368', 'D12.776.422.220.453.010.600', 'D12.776.422.220.453.491.368'], ['D08.244.453', 'D08.811.682.690.708.170', 'D12.776.422.220.453'], ['D13.695.578.424.450.275', 'D27.720.470.530.600.223.600'], ['G05.308.320'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D08.811.682.690.708'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['M01.643.630'], ['E05.393.620.500'], ['G05.365.795'], ['C04.588.945.947.960', 'C12.758.820.968', 'C12.777.829.813', 'C13.351.937.820.945', 'C13.351.968.829.707']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Sensory migraine aura is not associated with structural grey matter abnormalities.
|
Migraine with aura (MA) is characterized by cortical dysfunction. Frequent aura attacks may alter cerebral cortical structure in patients, or structural grey matter abnormalities may predispose MA patients to aura attacks. In the present study we aimed to investigate cerebral grey matter structure in a large group of MA patients with and without sensory aura (i.e. gradually developing, transient unilateral sensory disturbances). We included 60 patients suffering from migraine with typical visual aura and 60 individually age and sex-matched controls. Twenty-nine of the patients additionally experienced sensory aura regularly. We analysed high-resolution structural MR images using two complimentary approaches and compared patients with and without sensory aura. Patients were also compared to controls. We found no differences of grey matter density or cortical thickness between patients with and without sensory aura and no differences for the cortical visual areas between patients and controls. The somatosensory cortex was thinner in patients (1.92 mm vs. 1.96 mm, P = 0.043) and the anterior cingulate cortex of patients had a decreased grey matter density (P = 0.039) compared to controls. These differences were not correlated to the clinical characteristics. Our results suggest that sensory migraine aura is not associated with altered grey matter structure and that patients with visual aura have normal cortical structure of areas involved in visual processing. The observed decreased grey matter volume of the cingulate gyrus in patients compared to controls have previously been reported in migraine with and without aura, but also in a wide range of other neurologic and psychiatric disorders. Most likely, this finding reflects general bias between patients and healthy controls.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Brain Mapping', 'Cerebral Cortex', 'Female', 'Gray Matter', 'Humans', 'Image Processing, Computer-Assisted', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Migraine with Aura', 'Young Adult']
| 27,298,761
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['E01.370.350.578.875.500', 'E01.370.376.537.625.500', 'E05.629.875.500'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500'], ['A08.186.211.168', 'A08.186.854.348'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.224.308'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C10.228.140.546.399.750.250'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Novel method for safe cauterisation of posterior epistaxis.
|
INTRODUCTION: In epistaxis, anterior bleeding points are easily cauterised under direct vision, but those which occur in the posterior nose present a greater challenge. Standard cautery techniques limit simultaneous use of other equipment in the narrow posterior nose.METHODS: This article presents a novel device which combines suction, cautery stick and sheath in one single-handed implement for ease of use.CONCLUSION: This novel, hand-held device for simultaneous suction and safe cautery of posterior epistaxis is both safe and cost-effective. It enables successful treatment by a single operator and is relatively easy to use by the non-skilled, junior trainee.
|
['Cautery', 'Epistaxis', 'Equipment Design', 'Humans', 'Nose', 'Nose Diseases', 'Suction', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 19,216,836
|
[['E02.154', 'E04.014.170'], ['C08.460.261', 'C09.603.261', 'C23.550.414.712', 'C23.888.852.040'], ['E05.320'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A01.456.505.733', 'A04.531', 'A09.531'], ['C08.460', 'C09.603'], ['E04.237.890'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
A common variant near the PRL gene is associated with increased adiposity in males.
|
A common variant (rs4712652) adjacent to the prolactin gene was recently associated with obesity using a genome-wide association study. The aim of this study was to replicate the association between rs4712652 and obesity and further examine if rs4712652 is associated with fat percentage and adiponectin levels in a population based Scandinavian cohort. rs4712652 was genotyped in 4879 participants (mean BMI 26.5±4.5 kg/m(2)) from the population-based PPP-Botnia Study and related to BMI, fat percentage and adiponectin levels. We found that the risk A allele of rs4712652 is associated with increased BMI and fat percentage in males (P=0.0047 and P=0.025, respectively), but not in females (P=0.98, P=0.45). Male A allele carriers have a higher risk of being overweight with an OR of 1.16 (P=0.025). While there was a significant negative correlation between adiponectin levels and fat percentage (r=-0.36; P=0.039) in male carriers of the protective GG genotype, this correlation was lost in male carriers of the risk rs4712652 A allele (P=0.33). Thus, the common SNP rs4712652 near the PRL gene seems to affect body fat and adiposity in a sex-specific fashion. It remains to be shown whether this is mediated by different prolactin concentrations or differences in tissue sensitivity to prolactin.
|
['Adiponectin', 'Adipose Tissue', 'Adiposity', 'Body Mass Index', 'DNA, Intergenic', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Obesity', 'Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide', 'Prolactin']
| 20,846,890
|
[['D06.472.699.042.249', 'D12.644.276.024.249', 'D12.644.548.011.249', 'D12.776.467.024.249', 'D23.529.024.249'], ['A10.165.114'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.062.500', 'G02.111.130.134.500', 'G03.180.134.500', 'G07.100.049.134.500'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.125', 'E05.041.124.125', 'G07.100.100.125', 'N06.850.505.200.100.175'], ['D13.444.308.324', 'G05.360.340.024.220'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C18.654.726.500', 'C23.888.144.699.500', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120.699.500', 'G07.100.100.160.120.699.500'], ['G05.365.795.598'], ['D06.472.699.322.576.773', 'D06.472.699.631.525.525', 'D12.644.548.691.525.525']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
[Logistic regression against a divergent Bayesian network].
|
This article is a discussion about two statistical tools used for prediction and causality assessment: logistic regression and Bayesian networks. Using data of a simulated example from a study assessing factors that might predict pulmonary emphysema (where fingertip pigmentation and smoking are considered); we posed the following questions. Is pigmentation a confounding, causal or predictive factor? Is there perhaps another factor, like smoking, that confounds? Is there a synergy between pigmentation and smoking? The results, in terms of prediction, are similar with the two techniques; regarding causation, differences arise. We conclude that, in decision-making, the sum of both: a statistical tool, used with common sense, and previous evidence, taking years or even centuries to develop; is better than the automatic and exclusive use of statistical resources.
|
['Bayes Theorem', 'Causality', 'Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic', 'Data Interpretation, Statistical', 'Decision Making', 'Humans', 'Logistic Models', 'Pulmonary Embolism', 'Skin Pigmentation', 'Smoking']
| 25,658,774
|
[['E05.318.740.600.200', 'N05.715.360.750.625.150', 'N06.850.520.830.600.200'], ['N05.715.350.200', 'N06.850.490.625'], ['N05.715.350.240', 'N06.850.490.718'], ['E05.245.380', 'E05.318.740.300', 'L01.313.500.750.190.380', 'N05.715.360.750.300', 'N06.850.520.830.300'], ['F02.463.785.373'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.740.500.525', 'E05.318.740.600.800.450', 'E05.318.740.750.450', 'E05.599.835.875', 'N05.715.360.750.530.480', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.450', 'N05.715.360.750.695.470', 'N06.850.520.830.500.525', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.450', 'N06.850.520.830.750.450'], ['C08.381.746', 'C14.907.355.350.700'], ['E01.370.600.115.450.500', 'E01.370.600.620.750', 'G07.100.175.500', 'G13.750.837', 'G16.690.890'], ['F01.145.805']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Effects of voluntary exercise on hippocampal long-term potentiation in morphine-dependent rats.
|
This study was designed to examine the effect of voluntary exercise on hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP) in morphine-dependent rats. The rats were randomly distributed into the saline-sedentary (Sal/Sed), the dependent-sedentary, the saline-exercise (Sal/Exc), and the dependent-exercise (D/Exc) groups. The Sal/Exc and the D/Exc groups were allowed to freely exercise in a running wheel for 10 days. The Sal/Sed and the morphine-sedentary groups were kept sedentary for the same extent of time. Morphine (10 mg/kg) was injected bi-daily (12 h interval) during 10 days of voluntary exercise. On day 11, 2h after the morphine injection, the in vivo LTP in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus was examined. The theta frequency primed bursts were delivered to the perforant path for induction of LTP. Population spike (PS) amplitude and the field excitatory post-synaptic potentials (fEPSP) slope were measured as indices of increase in synaptic efficacy. Chronic morphine increased the mean basal EPSP, and augmented PS-LTP. Exercise significantly increased the mean baseline EPSP and PS responses, and augmented PS-LTP in both saline and morphine-treated groups. Moreover, the increase of PS-LTP in the morphine-exercise group was greater (22.5%), but not statistically significant, than that of the Sal/Exc group. These results may imply an additive effect between exercise and morphine on mechanisms of synaptic plasticity. Such an interaction between exercise and chronic morphine may influence cognitive functions in opiate addicts.
|
['Analysis of Variance', 'Animals', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Electric Stimulation', 'Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials', 'Hippocampus', 'Long-Term Potentiation', 'Male', 'Morphine Dependence', 'Physical Conditioning, Animal', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Time Factors']
| 24,141,180
|
[['E05.318.740.150', 'N05.715.360.750.125', 'N06.850.520.830.150'], ['B01.050'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['E05.723.402'], ['G04.580.887.249', 'G07.265.675.887.249', 'G07.265.880.750.199', 'G11.561.570.918.249', 'G11.561.830.750.199'], ['A08.186.211.180.405', 'A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.345'], ['G11.561.638.350'], ['C25.775.643.500.600', 'F03.900.647.500.600'], ['G11.427.410.698.277.280'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Spinal 2-chloroprocaine: a comparison with procaine in volunteers.
|
Recent studies using preservative-free 2-chloroprocaine (2-CP) for spinal anesthesia have shown it to be a reliable short-acting drug that provides similar anesthesia to lidocaine. In this randomized, double-blind, crossover study, we compared the characteristics of spinal 2-CP (30 mg) with those of procaine (80 mg) in eight volunteers to determine whether either drug produces spinal anesthetic characteristics ideal for outpatient surgery. By using sensation to pinprick, transcutaneous electrical stimulation, tolerance to thigh tourniquet, and motor blockade as surrogates for surgical efficacy, 2-CP compared similarly to procaine. Peak block height (T9 [range, T6 to T12] versus T6 [T4 to T8]; P = 0.0796), time to two-segment regression (51 +/- 17 min versus 53 +/- 10 min; P = 0.7434), tourniquet time tolerance (37 +/- 16 versus 49 min +/- 17 min; P = 0.1755), and time to return of motor strength (Bromage scale: 54 +/- 23 min versus 55 +/- 44 min, P = 0.9366; return of 90% quadriceps strength: 78 +/- 9 min versus 98 +/- 30 min; P = 0.0721) were all similar. Procaine did produce overall longer sensory blockade (P = 0.0011) and motor blockade at the gastrocnemius (P = 0.0004) and quadriceps (P = 0.0146) muscles. Times until the resolution of sensory blockade (103 +/- 12 min versus 151 +/- 26 min; P = 0.0003), ambulation (103 +/- 12 min versus 151 +/- 26 min; P = 0.0003), and micturition (103 +/- 12 min versus 156 +/- 23 min; P < 0.0001) were all prolonged after procaine. In conclusion, at the doses tested, spinal 2-CP (30 mg) may be a better choice for short outpatient procedures because it provides anesthesia with similar efficacy as procaine (80 mg) but with more rapid fulfillment of discharge criteria.
|
['Adult', 'Anesthesia, Spinal', 'Anesthetics, Local', 'Blood Pressure', 'Cross-Over Studies', 'Double-Blind Method', 'Electric Stimulation', 'Electrocardiography', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Isometric Contraction', 'Male', 'Muscle Contraction', 'Muscle, Skeletal', 'Oximetry', 'Pain Measurement', 'Procaine', 'Prospective Studies', 'Ultrasonography', 'Urinary Bladder']
| 15,673,896
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E03.155.086.331'], ['D27.505.696.277.100.200', 'D27.505.696.663.850.025', 'D27.505.954.427.210.100.200'], ['E01.370.600.875.249', 'G09.330.380.076'], ['E05.318.370.150', 'N05.715.360.325.150', 'N06.850.520.445.150'], ['E05.318.370.300', 'E05.581.500.300', 'N05.715.360.325.320', 'N06.850.520.445.300'], ['E05.723.402'], ['E01.370.370.380.240', 'E01.370.405.240'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G11.427.494.472'], ['G11.427.494'], ['A02.633.567', 'A10.690.552.500'], ['E01.370.225.124.100.100.600', 'E01.370.370.380.600', 'E01.370.386.700.100.600', 'E05.200.124.100.100.600'], ['E01.370.600.550.324'], ['D02.241.223.100.050.500.906', 'D02.455.426.559.389.127.020.937.906'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E01.370.350.850'], ['A05.810.890']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Regional-scale directional changes in abundance of tree species along a temperature gradient in Japan.
|
Climate changes are assumed to shift the ranges of tree species and forest biomes. Such range shifts result from changes in abundances of tree species or functional types. Owing to global warming, the abundance of a tree species or functional type is expected to increase near the colder edge of its range and decrease near the warmer edge. This study examined directional changes in abundance and demographic parameters of forest trees along a temperature gradient, as well as a successional gradient, in Japan. Changes in the relative abundance of each of four functional types (evergreen broad-leaved, deciduous broad-leaved, evergreen temperate conifer, and evergreen boreal conifer) and the demography of each species (recruitment rate, mortality, and population growth rate) were analyzed in 39 permanent forest plots across the Japanese archipelago. Directional changes in the relative abundance of functional types were detected along the temperature gradient. Relative abundance of evergreen broad-leaved trees increased near their colder range boundaries, especially in secondary forests, coinciding with the decrease in deciduous broad-leaved trees. Similarly, relative abundance of deciduous broad-leaved trees increased near their colder range boundaries, coinciding with the decrease in boreal conifers. These functional-type-level changes were mainly due to higher recruitment rates and partly to the lower mortality of individual species at colder sites. This is the first report to show that tree species abundances in temperate forests are changing directionally along a temperature gradient, which might be due to current or past climate changes as well as recovery from past disturbances.
|
['Biodiversity', 'Forests', 'Global Warming', 'Japan', 'Population Dynamics', 'Temperature', 'Trees']
| 25,712,048
|
[['G16.500.275.157.049', 'N06.230.124.049'], ['G16.500.275.157.437', 'N06.230.124.343'], ['G16.500.175.374.500'], ['Z01.252.474.463', 'Z01.639.595'], ['I01.240.600', 'N01.224.625', 'N06.850.505.400.700'], ['G01.906.595', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710', 'G16.500.750.775.710', 'N06.230.150.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710'], ['B01.650.915']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
The radioactivity content of United Kingdom coal.
|
Twenty samples of coal representing each of the seven major regions of the National Coal Board have been analysed for their natural radioactivity content. A variety of methods have been used to verify the results, but the major technique used was radiation spectrometry of 3 kg samples. The results indicate a mean value for uranium and radium activity in British coals of 14.5 Bq/kg, for thorium 12.5 Bq/kg and for potassium 150 Bq/kg. These are significantly lower levels of actinides than have been previously reported and represent only two thirds of those previously used as source terms for assessment of the radiological impact of fossil fuel burning in the U.K.. The content of potassium in U.K. coal is twice the accepted global mean but the radiological significance of this element is negligible. A subsidiary finding is that uranium and its daughter radium are in secular radioactive equilibrium in coal within the experimental error of the analysis.
|
['Coal', 'Potassium Radioisotopes', 'Radium', 'Spectrometry, Gamma', 'Thorium', 'United Kingdom', 'Uranium']
| 6,729,445
|
[['D20.345.108', 'N06.230.132.258.108'], ['D01.268.549.550.500.700', 'D01.268.557.575.500.700', 'D01.496.705.700', 'D01.496.749.690', 'D01.552.528.652.500.700', 'D01.552.547.650.500.700'], ['D01.268.271.770', 'D01.268.552.775', 'D01.268.556.775', 'D01.496.749.305.770', 'D01.552.539.745', 'D01.552.544.775'], ['E05.196.867.776', 'E05.799.801'], ['D01.268.271.100.900', 'D01.268.556.850', 'D01.496.749.305.100.900', 'D01.552.020.889', 'D01.552.544.850'], ['Z01.542.363'], ['D01.268.271.100.950', 'D01.268.556.900', 'D01.496.749.305.100.950', 'D01.552.020.940', 'D01.552.544.900']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
The tree BVOC index.
|
Urban trees can produce a number of benefits, among them improved air quality. Biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) emitted by some species are ozone precursors. Modifying future tree planting to favor lower-emitting species can reduce these emissions and aid air management districts in meeting federally mandated emissions reductions for these compounds. Changes in BVOC emissions are calculated as the result of transitioning to a lower-emitting species mix in future planting. A simplified method for calculating the emissions reduction and a Tree BVOC index based on the calculated reduction is described. An example illustrates the use of the index as a tool for implementation and monitoring of a tree program designed to reduce BVOC emissions as a control measure being developed as part of the State Implementation Plan (SIP) for the Sacramento Federal Nonattainment Area.
|
['Air Pollutants', 'Air Pollution', 'Biological Products', 'Cities', 'Forestry', 'Government Programs', 'Trees', 'Volatile Organic Compounds']
| 21,435,760
|
[['D27.888.284.101'], ['N06.850.460.100'], ['D20.215'], ['G16.500.275.069', 'N06.230.069', 'Z01.433'], ['J01.576.430'], ['I01.451'], ['B01.650.915'], ['D02.974']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
A microbiological study of neonatal conjunctivae and conjunctivitis.
|
To investigate the importance of chlamydiae, ureaplasmas, Mycoplasma hominis, and anaerobic bacteria in the pathogenesis of neonatal conjunctivitis in the Harrow population conjunctival specimens from 104 infants with conjunctivitis and 104 similar healthy neonates were examined. The incidence of neonatal conjunctivitis was 8-2%, and no case of neomycin-resistant disease occurred during the study. Staphylococcus aureus, viridans Streptococci, and Escherichia coli were the only micro-organisms isolated significantly more frequently from affected than from control eyes, which suggests that these bacteria may be a cause of the conjunctivitis. All cultures for chlamydiae, M. hominis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and anaerobic bacteria were negative. The mother's race, social status, illness, and obstetric events were found to have no effect on the incidence, time of onset of conjunctivitis, or micro-organisms isolated. The clinical characteristics of conjunctivitis were also not related to the micro-organisms isolated. No potential pathogens were isolated from 63-5% of the eyes showing conjunctivitis. The results suggest that some of these cases may be caused by chemical irritation, and the possibility of an infectious aetiology is also discussed.
|
['Conjunctiva', 'Conjunctivitis', 'Escherichia coli', 'Humans', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Infant, Newborn, Diseases', 'Staphylococcus aureus', 'Streptococcus']
| 336,080
|
[['A09.371.060.200', 'A09.371.337.168'], ['C11.187.183'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['C16.614'], ['B03.300.390.400.800.750.100', 'B03.353.500.750.750.100', 'B03.510.100.750.750.100', 'B03.510.400.790.750.100'], ['B03.353.750.737.872', 'B03.510.400.800.872', 'B03.510.550.737.872']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Transient meiotic arrest maintained by DON (6-diazo-5-oxo-l-norleucine) enhances nuclear/cytoplasmic maturation of porcine oocytes.
|
The developmental competence of in vitro-matured oocytes is still lower than that of the in vivo-matured oocytes due to precocious meiotic resumption and inappropriate cytoplasmic maturation. Although numerous efforts have been attempted to accomplish better in vitro maturation (IVM) condition, only limited progress has been achieved. Thus, a current study was conducted to examine the effects of 6-diazo-5-oxo-l-norleucine (DON, an inhibitor of hyaluronan synthesis) during the first half period of IVM on nuclear/cytoplasmic maturation of porcine oocytes and subsequent embryonic development. Based on the observation of the nucleus pattern, metaphase II (MII) oocyte production rate in 1 µM DON group was significantly higher than other groups at 44 h of IVM. The 1 µM of DON was suggested to be optimal for porcine IVM and was therefore used for further investigation. Meiotic arrest effect of DON was maximal at 6 h of IVM, which was supported by the maintenance of significantly higher intra-oocyte cAMP level. In addition, increased pERK1/2 levels and clear rearrangement of cortical granules in membrane of MII oocytes matured with DON provided the evidence for balanced meiosis progression between nuclear and cytoplasmic maturation. Subsequently, DON significantly improved blastocyst formation rate, total cell numbers, and cellular survival in blastocysts after parthenogenetic activation, in vitro fertilization, and somatic cell nuclear transfer. Altogether, our results showed for the first time that 1 µM DON can be used to increase the yield of developmentally competent MII oocytes by synchronizing nuclear/cytoplasmic maturation, and it subsequently improves embryo developmental competence.
|
['Animals', 'Antibiotics, Antineoplastic', 'Cell Nucleus', 'Cytoplasm', 'Diazooxonorleucine', 'Embryonic Development', 'Female', 'Fertilization in Vitro', 'In Vitro Oocyte Maturation Techniques', 'Meiosis', 'Nuclear Transfer Techniques', 'Oocytes', 'Pregnancy', 'Swine']
| 31,652,418
|
[['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.248.106'], ['A11.284.430.106', 'A11.284.430.214.190.875.117'], ['A11.284.430.214'], ['D02.172.508', 'D12.125.213.568.175'], ['G07.345.500.325.180', 'G08.686.784.170.104'], ['E02.875.800.750', 'E05.820.800.750'], ['E02.875.800.906', 'E05.820.800.906'], ['G04.144.220.220.687', 'G05.113.220.687'], ['E05.200.500.380.500', 'E05.393.085.500', 'E05.820.540'], ['A05.360.490.690.680', 'A11.497.497.600'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.880']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
SLC40A1 Q248H allele frequencies and associated SLC40A1 haplotypes in three West African population samples.
|
BACKGROUND: Ferroportin is a transmembrane protein responsible for iron export from enterocytes and macrophages. Mutation c.744G ? T (Q248H), located in exon 6 of the ferroportin gene SLC40A1, is found as a polymorphism in populations of African origin. This mutation has been extensively analysed in African-Americans, but poorly studied in native African populations.AIM: To increase information about Q248H mutation frequency in native sub-Saharan populations examining three West African populations.SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Samples from S. Tom? e Pr?ncipe (n = 115), Angola (n = 156) and Republic of Guinea (n = 170) were analysed for Q248H mutation and for two polymorphisms, IVS1( - 24)G ? C and microsatellite (CGG)(n), using standard molecular methodology.RESULTS: The estimated frequencies of Q248H allele were 2.2% in S. Tom? e Pr?ncipe, 3.5% in Angola and 4.1% in Republic of Guinea. Analysis of polymorphisms IVS1( - 24)G ? C and (CGG)(n) showed mutation allele c.744T to be strongly associated with haplotype IVS1( - 24)G/(CGG)(7).CONCLUSIONS: This study confirmed the presence of Q248H mutation at polymorphic frequencies in three native sub-Saharan populations. Analysis of two additional markers in the same gene support a single origin of the mutant allele c.744T in the haplotype background IVS1( - 24)G/(CGG)(7).
|
['Africa South of the Sahara', 'African Continental Ancestry Group', 'Amino Acid Substitution', 'Cation Transport Proteins', 'Chromosomes, Human', 'Gene Frequency', 'Haplotypes', 'Humans', 'Mutation']
| 21,231,898
|
[['Z01.058.290'], ['M01.686.508.100'], ['E05.393.420.601.035', 'G05.558.109'], ['D12.776.157.530.450.250', 'D12.776.543.585.450.250'], ['A11.284.187.520.300', 'G05.360.162.520.300'], ['G05.330'], ['G05.380.360'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G05.365.590']]
|
['Geographicals [Z]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
|
Actions of L-NAME and methylene blue on the hypotensive effects of clonidine and rilmenidine in the anesthetized rat.
|
The antihypertensive mechanism of alpha2-adrenoceptor agonists, such as clonidine and rilmenidine, is not completely elucidated, although it is probably due to reduction of sympathetic tone mediated by stimulation of central alpha2-adrenoceptors. Because activation of alpha2-adrenoceptors on endothelial cells induces release of endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF), we determined whether nitric oxide (NO) release is involved in the antihypertensive action of clonidine and rilmenidine. In chloralose-anesthetised Wistar rats, systolic and diastolic arterial blood pressures were recorded on a polygraph. Intravenous injection of clonidine or rilmenidine (control group) caused a rapid increase of arterial blood pressure. followed by a long-lasting hypotensive effect. The hypotensive effects, estimated as the area enclosed by the decrease in diastolic pressure during the 20 min after clonidine and rilmenidine injections, were 574+/-60 and 410+/-59 mm Hg/min, respectively. The delta decrease in diastolic arterial blood pressure observed 20 min after intravenous injections of clonidine and rilmenidine was 48+/-5 and 34+/-3 mm Hg, respectively. Clonidine and rilmenidine injected 5-10 min after intravenous pretreatment with L-NAME (2 and 1 mg/kg) or methylene blue (10 mg/kg) induced hypotensive effects that were significantly smaller than that observed for the control group. These results suggest that the antihypertensive effects of clonidine and rilmenidine also may be modulated by the NO-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) pathway at the level of the central nervous system and/or at the vascular peripheral circulation.
|
['Anesthesia', 'Animals', 'Antihypertensive Agents', 'Blood Pressure', 'Clonidine', 'Cyclic GMP', 'Drug Interactions', 'Enzyme Inhibitors', 'Hypotension', 'Male', 'Methylene Blue', 'NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester', 'Nitric Oxide', 'Oxazoles', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Rilmenidine']
| 10,813,383
|
[['E03.155'], ['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.411.162'], ['E01.370.600.875.249', 'G09.330.380.076'], ['D03.383.129.308.436.500'], ['D03.633.100.759.646.454.160', 'D13.695.462.275', 'D13.695.667.454.160', 'D13.695.827.426.160'], ['G07.690.773.968'], ['D27.505.519.389'], ['C14.907.514'], ['D02.886.369.517', 'D03.633.300.783.517'], ['D12.125.068.050.525', 'D12.125.095.104.525'], ['D01.339.387', 'D01.625.550.500', 'D01.625.700.500', 'D01.650.550.587.600'], ['D03.383.129.462'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900'], ['D03.383.129.462.778']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Semiquantitative immunocytochemical analysis of GABAA receptor subunit expression in the rat neostriatum.
|
A semiquantitative immunogold technique was used to investigate the levels of expression of specific GABAA receptor subunits in different regions (dorsolateral, dorsomedial and ventromedial regions) of the rat striatum. The results indicate that the subunits studied can be classified into three groups on the basis of their labelling density in the striatum: alpha 1 and alpha 3 (labelling density of less than 100 gold particles per 1000 microns2), gamma 2 and delta (between 100 and 200 particles per 1000 microns2), and alpha 2 and beta 2/3 (more than 300 particles per 1000 microns2). The alpha 1 and alpha 3 subunits are about 35% more abundant in the dorsal than in the ventral striatum, while the beta 2/3 and gamma 2 subunits are about 40% more abundant in the medial than in the lateral striatum. The alpha 2 and delta subunits did not show significant regional differences in abundance. The present data are consistent with the possibility that there are regional variations in the relative abundances of different GABAA receptor subtypes in the rat striatum.
|
['Animals', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Neostriatum', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Receptors, GABA-A']
| 8,865,360
|
[['B01.050'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.249.487.550'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['D12.776.157.530.400.175.562', 'D12.776.157.530.400.400.100.100', 'D12.776.543.550.450.175.562', 'D12.776.543.550.450.500.100.100', 'D12.776.543.585.400.175.562', 'D12.776.543.585.400.500.100.100', 'D12.776.543.750.130.500', 'D12.776.543.750.720.200.300.300']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Bioactivity of instant glucose. Failure of absorption through oral mucosa.
|
The efficacy of instant glucose as a potential treatment for hypoglycemia was studied in normal volunteers, with therapeutic doses administered in the buccal cavity. 2-Tritiated glucose (50 mu Ci) was homogenized into each dose before use. Mean blood glucose and serum insulin concentrations were unaltered by instant glucose. Glucose absorption was less than 0.05 mg at any time, and total glucose absorbed was less than 0.1 mg. For comparison purposes, volunteers swallowed a dose of instant glucose. Approximately 88% of the dose was absorbed during a 30-minute interval. Blood glucose and insulin levels increased. Instant glucose appears to be of therapeutic value only if swallowed by fully conscious, hypoglycemic patients. It should not benefit unconscious patients because of its poor absorption through the buccal mucosa.
|
['Adult', 'Blood Glucose', 'Consciousness', 'Deglutition', 'Drug Evaluation', 'Gagging', 'Glucose', 'Humans', 'Hypoglycemia', 'Informed Consent', 'Insulin', 'Insulin Coma', 'Intestinal Absorption', 'Mouth Mucosa']
| 691,147
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D09.947.875.359.448.500'], ['F02.463.188.409', 'F02.830.233'], ['G10.261.178'], ['E05.290.625', 'E05.337.425'], ['C23.888.821.414', 'F02.830.702.157', 'G10.261.338', 'G11.561.731.251'], ['D09.947.875.359.448'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C18.452.394.984'], ['I01.880.604.473.650.718', 'I01.880.604.583.427', 'N03.706.437.650.312', 'N03.706.535.489'], ['D06.472.699.587.200.500.625', 'D12.644.548.586.200.500.625'], ['C10.597.606.358.800.200.600', 'C18.452.394.984.492'], ['G03.015.500.374.500', 'G03.787.024.500.374.500', 'G07.203.650.372.500', 'G07.690.725.015.500.374.500', 'G10.261.353.500'], ['A10.615.550.599', 'A14.549.512']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
A potent and long-acting NK-1 selective agonist.
|
In rats anesthetized with urethane, substance P exerts a short-lasting hypotensive effect and stimulates salivary secretion. These effects are significantly increased and prolonged by 5 to 10 times, when substance P is administered in the presence of a mixture of peptidase inhibitors (captopril, thiorphan and phosphoramidon). Ac[Arg6,Sar9,Met(O2)11]SP(6-11), a selective NK-1 receptor agonist, shows high potency and prolonged hypotensive and sialologic effects. The effects of the NK-1 selective hexapeptide are comparable to those of substance P tested in the presence of peptidase inhibitors and are not modified by peptidase inhibitors. Ac[Arg6,Sar9,Met(O2)11]SP (6-11) is proposed as a useful tool for studying the roles and functions of NK-1 receptors in vivo, because of its stability, potency and selectivity.
|
['Animals', 'Blood Pressure', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Peptide Fragments', 'Protease Inhibitors', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Receptors, Neurotransmitter', 'Receptors, Tachykinin', 'Salivation', 'Substance P', 'Time Factors']
| 7,680,743
|
[['B01.050'], ['E01.370.600.875.249', 'G09.330.380.076'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['D12.644.541'], ['D27.505.519.389.745'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900'], ['D12.776.543.750.720'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.862', 'D12.776.543.750.720.600.830', 'D12.776.543.750.750.555.830'], ['G07.203.650.250.800', 'G10.261.190.800'], ['D12.644.276.812.900.866', 'D12.644.400.800.750', 'D12.644.456.800.866', 'D12.776.467.812.900.866', 'D12.776.631.650.800.750', 'D23.469.050.375.850.890', 'D23.529.812.900.866'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
An isotope effect on the comparative quantification of flavonoids by means of methylation-based stable isotope dilution coupled with capillary liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry.
|
Ionization suppression is a serious problem in liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry-based metabolomics, and stable isotope dilution-based comparative quantification is one of the most important methods of overcoming this problem. Herein, the use of [(13)C]-methylation-based stable isotope dilution for comparative quantification of flavonoids is demonstrated. This is in contrast to the equivalent deuterium labeling methylation method, which has an adverse isotope effect on reverse phase chromatography.
|
['Artifacts', 'Carbon Isotopes', 'Chromatography, Liquid', 'Flavonoids', 'Mass Spectrometry', 'Methylation']
| 16,233,758
|
[['E05.047'], ['D01.268.150.075', 'D01.496.123'], ['E05.196.181.400'], ['D03.383.663.283.266.450', 'D03.633.100.150.266.450'], ['E05.196.566'], ['G02.111.035.538', 'G02.607.094.538', 'G03.059.538']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Early experience of laparoscopic complete en bloc excision for choledochal cysts in adults.
|
BACKGROUND: For choledochal cyst, the treatment of choice is total excision of the cyst because there is a risk of biliary cancer including the gallbladder. The current report describes the authors' early experiences using their technique of laparoscopic en bloc excision of choledochal cysts with Roux-en-Y biliary reconstruction.METHODS: Between September 2009 and July 2011, laparoscopic excision for choledochal cyst was attempted for 20 patients at the Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Asan Medical Center. Clinical, radiologic, and surgical data were analyzed retrospectively.RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 37.8 ± 11.1 years (range, 18-65 years), and the male-to-female ratio was 1:4.0 (4:16). According to Todani's classification, there were four type 1a cases, seven type 1c cases, and nine type 4a cases. The mean operation time was 395.8 ± 58.7 min. No perioperative transfusions were required. The average body mass index was 23.5 ± 4.04 kg/m(2). Conversion to laparotomy was required for seven patients (35 %) due to bleeding (n = 1), Roux loop venous congestion (n = 1), abdominal obesity (n = 2), and severe fibrosis and inflammation around the cyst (n = 3). No malignancies were identified. Of the 13 patients who underwent laparoscopy, the jejunojejunostomy was created extracorporeally for the first 2 patients and intracorporeally for the subsequent 11 patients. All hepaticojejunostomies were performed intracorporeally. Oral feeding was resumed on postoperative day 3. The mean postoperative hospital stay was 9.3 days (range, 8-36 days). No major complications or mortalities occurred.CONCLUSIONS: The morbidity and mortality rates for the authors' method are comparable with previously reported results. Although the conversion rate, mean operation time, and hospital stay were greater than reported in some studies, this probably reflected the authors' learning curve for this technically challenging procedure. They believe laparoscopic approaches will eventually become an advantageous treatment option for laparotomy offered to selected choledochal cyst patients.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Choledochal Cyst', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Laparoscopy', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Young Adult']
| 22,549,376
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C04.182.198', 'C06.130.120.127', 'C06.198.184', 'C16.131.314.184'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.388.250.520', 'E04.502.250.520'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Unbiased classification of sensory neuron types by large-scale single-cell RNA sequencing.
|
The primary sensory system requires the integrated function of multiple cell types, although its full complexity remains unclear. We used comprehensive transcriptome analysis of 622 single mouse neurons to classify them in an unbiased manner, independent of any a priori knowledge of sensory subtypes. Our results reveal eleven types: three distinct low-threshold mechanoreceptive neurons, two proprioceptive, and six principal types of thermosensitive, itch sensitive, type C low-threshold mechanosensitive and nociceptive neurons with markedly different molecular and operational properties. Confirming previously anticipated major neuronal types, our results also classify and provide markers for new, functionally distinct subtypes. For example, our results suggest that itching during inflammatory skin diseases such as atopic dermatitis is linked to a distinct itch-generating type. We demonstrate single-cell RNA-seq as an effective strategy for dissecting sensory responsive cells into distinct neuronal types. The resulting catalog illustrates the diversity of sensory types and the cellular complexity underlying somatic sensation.
|
['Animals', 'Behavior, Animal', 'Cell Size', 'Female', 'Gene Expression', 'Inflammation', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Pruritus', 'Sensory Receptor Cells', 'Sequence Analysis, RNA']
| 25,420,068
|
[['B01.050'], ['F01.145.113'], ['G04.325'], ['G05.297'], ['C23.550.470'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['C17.800.685', 'C23.888.885.625'], ['A08.675.650.915', 'A08.800.950', 'A11.671.650.915'], ['E05.393.760.710']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Low expression of basic fibroblastic growth factor in mesenchymal stem cells and bone marrow of children with aplastic anemia.
|
BACKGROUND: Our previous experiments with gene chip suggested that basic fibroblastic growth factor (FGF2) levels were lower in mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) from aplastic anemia patients. The purpose of this study was to determine the expression of FGF2 in MSC and in bone marrow of children with aplastic anemia to better understand the role of low FGF2 expression in the pathogenesis of aplastic anemia.PROCEDURE: MSCs from the bone marrow of aplastic anemia children and control group were cultured in vitro. Growth curves of primary and passage MSC were plotted. FGF2 gene expression in MSCs was detected using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). FGF2 protein expression in mononuclear cells and FGF2 protein level in extracellular fluid of bone marrow were also investigated.RESULT: Decreased growth of MSCs from aplastic anemia children was observed after passage 8 in serial subcultivation, and FGF2 gene expression was downregulated. Within the patients' bone marrow, low FGF2 expression was validated both in mononuclear cells and in the extracellular fluid.CONCLUSION: Low FGF2 gene expression in MSCs and low FGF2 protein level in bone marrow of aplastic anemia may involve to pathogenesis of aplastic anemia.
|
['Adipocytes', 'Anemia, Aplastic', 'Bone Marrow Cells', 'Cell Differentiation', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Child', 'Colony-Forming Units Assay', 'Down-Regulation', 'Extracellular Fluid', 'Female', 'Fibroblast Growth Factor 2', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Humans', 'Leukocytes, Mononuclear', 'Male', 'Mesenchymal Stem Cells', 'Osteoblasts', 'RNA, Messenger']
| 24,308,692
|
[['A11.329.114'], ['C15.378.071.085', 'C15.378.190.223.250'], ['A11.148', 'A15.378.316'], ['G04.152'], ['A11.251'], ['M01.060.406'], ['E01.370.225.500.383', 'E05.200.500.383', 'E05.242.383'], ['G02.111.240', 'G05.308.200', 'G07.690.773.937'], ['A11.284.295.260', 'A12.207.270'], ['D12.644.276.624.120', 'D12.776.467.624.120', 'D23.529.624.120'], ['G05.308'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A11.118.637.555', 'A15.145.229.637.555', 'A15.382.490.555'], ['A11.329.830.500', 'A11.872.590.500'], ['A11.329.629'], ['D13.444.735.544']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Rheumatologist-patient communication about exercise and physical therapy in the management of rheumatoid arthritis.
|
OBJECTIVE: Little is known about the features and role of exercise discussions between rheumatologists and patients. The goals of this study were to: 1) describe rheumatologists' and patients' attitudes and beliefs regarding exercise and physical therapy for rheumatoid arthritis (RA); 2) describe frequency and length of exercise discussions; 3) determine the accuracy of recall for exercise discussions; and 4) assess the influence of attitudes regarding exercise on communication about exercise.METHODS: Goals 1-3 were addressed with analysis of baseline questionnaires and audiotaped encounters. The influence of attitudes and beliefs regarding exercise on the frequency and length of exercise discussions was assessed prospectively. Patients and rheumatologists were enrolled from a large tertiary care institution. Clinical encounters were audiotaped, transcribed, coded, and analyzed to identify specific characteristics of the exercise discussions.RESULTS: One hundred thirty-two patients and 25 rheumatologists participated in the study. Rheumatologists and patients discussed exercise in 53% of the encounters. Rheumatologists' beliefs regarding the usefulness of exercise for RA varied, with the least positive beliefs being reported for aerobic exercise. Exercise discussions were more likely to occur if the patient was currently exercising, odds ratio (OR) = 2.4; 95% confidence interval (CI) (1.2-4.9), and when the rheumatologist believed aerobic exercises were useful in managing RA, OR = 1.4; 95% CI (1.1-1.9). Current exercise behavior was associated with patients' positive attitude toward exercise (chi 2 1 = 8.4; P = 0.004) and perceived social support for exercise (chi 2 1 = 4.5; P = 0.04). When rheumatologists initiated exercise discussions, there was nearly twice as much discussion (beta = -8.4; P = 0.001).CONCLUSIONS: Exercise talk was influenced by patients' and rheumatologists' beliefs and attitudes regarding the effectiveness of exercise and physical therapy in managing RA, patient experience with exercise, and by characteristics of the rheumatologist.
|
['Arthritis, Rheumatoid', 'Attitude of Health Personnel', 'Attitude to Health', 'Communication', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Female', 'Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Patient Education as Topic', 'Physical Therapy Modalities', 'Physician-Patient Relations', 'Prospective Studies', 'Rheumatology', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Tape Recording']
| 10,513,508
|
[['C05.550.114.154', 'C05.799.114', 'C17.300.775.099', 'C20.111.199'], ['F01.100.050', 'N05.300.100'], ['F01.100.150', 'N05.300.150'], ['F01.145.209', 'L01.143'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['F01.100.150.500', 'N05.300.150.410'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['I02.233.332.500', 'N02.421.726.407.680'], ['E02.779', 'E02.831.535'], ['F01.829.401.650.675', 'N05.300.660.625'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['H02.403.429.730'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['J01.897.280.500.846', 'L01.178.820.090.846', 'L01.280.940']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Past exposure to neuroleptic drugs and risk of Parkinson disease in an elderly cohort.
|
OBJECTIVE: Neuroleptics and neuroleptic-like drugs are known to induce parkinsonism, which may reveal underlying Parkinson disease (PD) in some cases. We assessed the long-term risk of developing PD after past exposure to these drugs, in a 15-year prospective population-based elderly cohort study.METHODS: We used the Cox proportional hazards model to assess the relation between past exposure to neuroleptics and the risk of developing incident PD. All incident cases of parkinsonism were identified by standardized procedure and validated by a committee of experts.RESULTS: Of 2,991 subjects followed, 117 developed parkinsonism and 43 developed probable PD during follow-up, of whom 22.2% and 32.6%, respectively, had been exposed to neuroleptics, compared to 16.6% for subjects without parkinsonism. About a third of subjects presented transient parkinsonism during drug exposure. After adjustment for gender and past occupation, past exposure to neuroleptics was associated with incident PD (relative risk, 3.16; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.65-6.04). The relative risk was 3.65 (95% CI, 1.41-9.45) for benzamides and 2.59 (95% CI, 1.23-5.43) for phenothiazines. The population-attributable fraction of the risk for developing PD was 8.2% for benzamides and 12.2% for phenothiazines.CONCLUSIONS: In a French elderly cohort, the risk of probable PD was increased by 3.2-fold after exposure to neuroleptics. This finding suggests the necessity of limiting the use of such drugs in elderly people.
|
['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Antipsychotic Agents', 'Cohort Studies', 'Female', 'France', 'Humans', 'Incidence', 'Male', 'Parkinson Disease', 'Prevalence', 'Prospective Studies', 'Risk']
| 23,019,267
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['D27.505.696.277.950.040', 'D27.505.954.427.210.950.040', 'D27.505.954.427.700.872.331'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['Z01.542.286'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.375', 'N01.224.935.597.500', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.375', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.375'], ['C10.228.140.079.862.500', 'C10.228.662.600.400', 'C10.574.928.750'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E05.318.740.600.800', 'G17.680.750', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
The phakomatoses as paracrine growth disorders (paracinopathies).
|
A microcomputer database management system retrieved all 170 probands with phakomatoses evaluated through the genetic clinics at the University of South Florida between January 2, 1982 and December 31, 1987. Neurofibromatosis (NF) was the diagnosis of 118 of them; 42 had other phakomatoses and 10 had transitional phenotypes difficult to classify. The analysis of the hamartomas of all probands indicated disorganized differentiation and overgrowth of cell species characteristic for the involved tissue and location. Abundance of extracellular fibrillary components was also evident in most hamartomas. Adequate blood supply was a conditio sine qua non. This was seen in monogenic, sporadic, transitional and combined phakomatoses alike and implied a common pathogenesis. The paracrine growth factors and their regulation emerged as the most plausible common denominator for the pathogenesis. A unitary pathogenetic hypothesis is proposed that the phakomatoses represent paracrine growth regulation disorders (paracrinopathies). Conditions such as fibromatoses, lipomatoses, lipodystrophies, hemihyper/hypotrophies, including Russell-Silver and Beckwith-Wiedemann syndromes may be proven to be paracrinopathies as well.
|
['Dysplastic Nevus Syndrome', 'Growth Substances', 'Hamartoma', 'Humans', 'Melanosis', 'Mutation', 'Neoplastic Syndromes, Hereditary', 'Neurofibromatosis 1', 'Skin Neoplasms', 'Syndrome', 'Tuberous Sclerosis']
| 2,107,047
|
[['C04.557.665.560.260', 'C04.700.305', 'C16.320.700.305'], ['D27.505.696.377'], ['C04.445'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C17.800.621.430.530'], ['G05.365.590'], ['C04.700', 'C16.320.700'], ['C04.557.580.600.580.590.650', 'C04.700.631.650', 'C10.562.600.500', 'C10.574.500.549.400', 'C10.668.829.675', 'C16.320.400.560.400', 'C16.320.700.633.650'], ['C04.588.805', 'C17.800.882'], ['C23.550.288.500'], ['C04.445.810', 'C04.651.800', 'C04.700.700', 'C10.500.507.400.750', 'C10.562.850', 'C10.574.500.865', 'C16.131.666.507.400.750', 'C16.320.400.880', 'C16.320.700.700']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Self-assembly of DNA-coded nanoclusters.
|
We present a theoretical discussion of a self-assembly scheme which makes it possible to use DNA to uniquely encode the composition and structure of microparticle and nanoparticle clusters. These anisotropic DNA-decorated clusters can be further used as building blocks for hierarchical self-assembly of larger structures. We address several important aspects of possible experimental implementation of the proposed scheme: the competition between different types of clusters in a solution, possible jamming in an unwanted configuration, and the degeneracy due to symmetry with respect to particle permutations.
|
['Colloids', 'Computer Simulation', 'Crystallization', 'DNA', 'Models, Chemical', 'Models, Molecular', 'Nanostructures', 'Nucleic Acid Conformation']
| 17,155,011
|
[['D20.280', 'D26.255.165'], ['L01.224.160'], ['E05.196.300', 'G02.171'], ['D13.444.308'], ['E05.599.495'], ['E05.599.595'], ['J01.637.512'], ['G02.111.570.820.486', 'G05.360.580']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Food allergens and respiratory symptoms.
|
Food allergy may be clinically expressed by a variety of respiratory symptoms, which can be provoked either by IgE- or cellular mediated reactions. Among the diagnostic procedures, newly introduced atopy patch test seems to be important for diagnosis of cellular, delayed immune reactions. We studied the prevalence of positive atopy patch tests with food and inhalant allergens and the correlation between the positivity of atopy patch tests and questionnaire derived atopic and nonatopic espiratory symptoms and diseases in an unselected children population. We found a correlation between the positive patch test result with wheat and cough after physical effort, allergic rhino-conjunctivitis, and bronchitis recidivans. The subjects with positive skin reaction to egg suffered from allergic rhino-conjunctivitis and bronchial asthma. Food and inhalant allergens play an important role in the induction and exacerbation of some respiratory allergic diseases. The positive correlation of positive results of skin tests and history of some respiratory diseases and symptoms also on the population level confirm the importance of these tests in the diagnostic work-up of these allergic diseases.
|
['Allergens', 'Antigens, Dermatophagoides', 'Child', 'Egg Hypersensitivity', 'Female', 'Food Hypersensitivity', 'Humans', 'Hypersensitivity, Immediate', 'Immunoglobulin E', 'Immunoglobulin G', 'Lycopersicon esculentum', 'Male', 'Milk Hypersensitivity', 'Poaceae', 'Respiratory Tract Diseases', 'Skin Tests', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Wheat Hypersensitivity']
| 19,218,655
|
[['D23.050.063'], ['D23.050.181'], ['M01.060.406'], ['C20.543.480.370.150'], ['C20.543.480.370'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C20.543.480'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.619.312', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.619.312', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.619.312'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.619.393', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.619.393', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.619.393'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.908.500.322'], ['C20.543.480.370.500'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.822'], ['C08'], ['E01.370.225.812.871', 'E05.200.812.871', 'E05.478.594.890'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['C20.543.480.370.850']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Effect of nifedipine on the adrenocortical and somatotrophic secretory reserve and TSH and thyroid hormone plasma levels.
|
The authors investigated the effect of one week's administration of therapeutic doses of the calcium antagonist nifedipine on the hormone homeostasis of clinically healthy subjects. The insignificant tendency towards an increase of the adrenocorticotrophic and somatotrophic secretory reserve and the unaltered levels of thyrotrophin, triiodothyronine and thyroxine rule out possible adverse side-effects of the administered therapeutic doses of nifedipine on the hormone balance of the mentioned systems. The authors discuss also the physiological impact of the assessed findings.
|
['Adrenal Cortex Hormones', 'Adult', 'Female', 'Growth Hormone', 'Humans', 'Hydrocortisone', 'Nifedipine', 'Thyroid Hormones', 'Thyrotropin', 'Thyroxine', 'Triiodothyronine', 'Verapamil']
| 6,684,587
|
[['D06.472.040'], ['M01.060.116'], ['D06.472.699.631.525.425', 'D12.644.548.691.525.425'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D04.210.500.745.745.654.600', 'D06.472.040.585.353.476', 'D06.472.040.585.478.392'], ['D03.383.725.203.540'], ['D06.472.931'], ['D06.472.699.631.525.883', 'D12.644.548.691.525.883'], ['D06.472.931.812', 'D12.125.072.050.767'], ['D06.472.931.740.385', 'D12.125.072.050.767.741.894'], ['D02.092.471.683.953']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Alternating versus synchronous ventilation of left and right lungs in piglets.
|
OBJECTIVE: We tested whether alternating ventilation (AV) of each lung (i.e. with a phase difference of half a ventilatory cycle) would decrease central venous pressure and so increase cardiac output when compared with simultaneous ventilation (SV) of both lungs.THEORY: If, during AV, the inflated lung expands partly via compression of the opposite lung, mean lung volume will be smaller during AV than SV. As a consequence, mean intrathoracic pressure (as cited in the literature), and therefore, central venous pressure will be smaller.DESIGN: The experiments were performed in seven anaesthetized and paralyzed piglets using a double-piston ventilator. Minute ventilation was the same during AV and SV. Starting at SV, we alternated three times between AV and SV for periods of 10 min.RESULTS: During AV, central venous pressure was decreased by 0.7 mmHg and cardiac output was increased by 10 +/- 4.4% (mean, +/-SD) compared with SV. AV also resulted in increased arterial pressure. During one-sided inflation with closed outlet of the opposite lung, a pressure rise occurred in the opposite lung, indicating compression.CONCLUSION: The higher cardiac output during AV than SV can be explained by the fact that central venous pressure is lower during AV. This lower central venous pressure is very probably due to the lower mean intrathoracic pressure caused by compression of the opposite lung during unilateral inflation.
|
['Animals', 'Cardiac Output', 'Central Venous Pressure', 'Hemodynamics', 'Respiration, Artificial', 'Respiratory Mechanics', 'Swine']
| 8,750,126
|
[['B01.050'], ['E01.370.370.380.150', 'G09.330.380.124'], ['G09.330.380.076.732.336'], ['G09.330.380'], ['E02.041.625', 'E02.365.647.729', 'E02.880.820'], ['G09.772.705.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.880']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Synthesis and kinase inhibitory activity of 3'-(S)-epi-K-252a.
|
The 3'-epi diastereomer of K-252a was synthesized with the goal of evaluating the stereochemical requirements of the 3'-sugar alcohol on kinase inhibitory activity. Inverting the 3'-alcohol resulted in a 20 nM inhibitor of VEGFR2 and a 1 nM inhibitor of TrkA tyrosine kinase.
|
['Alcohols', 'Carbazoles', 'Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'Enzyme Inhibitors', 'Indole Alkaloids', 'Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy', 'Models, Molecular', 'Phosphotransferases', 'Receptor, trkA', 'Stereoisomerism', 'Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2']
| 12,270,156
|
[['D02.033'], ['D03.633.100.473.144', 'D03.633.300.148'], ['E05.196.181.400.300'], ['D27.505.519.389'], ['D03.132.436', 'D03.633.100.473.402', 'D03.633.100.496.500.500'], ['E05.196.867.519'], ['E05.599.595'], ['D08.811.913.696'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.400.660', 'D12.776.543.750.630.496', 'D12.776.543.750.750.400.550.550'], ['G02.607.445.682'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.400.950.200', 'D12.776.543.750.630.750.200', 'D12.776.543.750.750.400.910.200']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Time trends in incidence and prognosis of primary liver cancer and liver metastases of unknown origin in a Danish region, 1985-2004.
|
OBJECTIVES: Changes, over the last 20 years, in the diagnostic procedures and treatment of primary liver cancer (PLC) and liver metastases of unknown origin (LMUO) may have affected the clinical course of both cancers. Few longitudinal studies examined this issue. In a population-based setting, we studied changes in the incidence and prognosis of PLC and LMUO over time.METHODS: Between 1985 and 2004, we identified 2675 patients with PLC and LMUO in three Danish counties, with a population of 1.4 million. We computed the standardized incidence rate (SIR), ratio of PLC to LMUO diagnoses, median survival, and estimated mortality rate ratio adjusted for age, sex, and comorbidity.RESULTS: The SIR of PLC increased from 3.2 in 1985 to 5.0 in 2003, and the SIR of LMUO increased from 3.7 to 6.4. No increase was noted in the PLC-to-LMUO ratio over time (P=0.1 for trend). From 1985 to 2004, the median survival of PLC patients increased from 1.6 to 2.9 months whereas that of LMUO patients decreased from 1.7 to 1.3 months. Adjusting for age, sex, and comorbidity did not affect the mortality rate ratio estimates.CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of both PLC and LMUO increased over time, whereas the PLC-to-LMUO ratio remained unchanged. Median survival of PLC patients has increased whereas that of LMUO patients remained practically unchanged.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Denmark', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Incidence', 'Liver Neoplasms', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasms, Unknown Primary', 'Prognosis', 'Survival Analysis']
| 18,188,029
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['Z01.542.816.124'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.375', 'N01.224.935.597.500', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.375', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.375'], ['C04.588.274.623', 'C06.301.623', 'C06.552.697'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04.697.650.895', 'C23.550.727.650.895'], ['E01.789'], ['E05.318.740.998', 'N05.715.360.750.795', 'N06.850.520.830.998']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
"Witch doctor?" A hexing case of dermatitis.
|
A Mexican-American woman presented with exfoliative dermatitis complicated by a "curse". She was cured by a combination of bland topical therapy and casting off of the spell by a curandero.
|
['Adult', 'Dermatitis, Exfoliative', 'Ethnic Groups', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Magic', 'Mexico', 'Psychophysiologic Disorders', 'United States']
| 138,572
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['C17.800.174.318', 'C17.800.815.318'], ['M01.686.754', 'N01.224.317'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.190.901.411', 'I01.076.201.450.897.439'], ['Z01.107.567.589'], ['C23.888.592.700'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Cutaneous ureterostomy in children--long-term followup.
|
From 1963 to 1983, 45 children with benign disease underwent urinary diversion with cutaneous ureterostomy. Patient selection for cutaneous ureterostomy was predicted on the presence of at least 1 dilated ureter. Followup ranged from 4 months to 20 years, with a mean of 7.9 years. Of the patients 29 (64 per cent) had a minimum followup of 5 years and 18 (40 per cent) were followed for more than 10 years. Postoperative complications, results of followup excretory urography and the ultimate fate of these children were analyzed. The results demonstrate the usefulness of cutaneous ureterostomy as a permanent form of urinary diversion in selected children.
|
['Adolescent', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Ileum', 'Infant', 'Male', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Time Factors', 'Ureteral Obstruction', 'Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic', 'Urinary Diversion']
| 4,032,552
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A03.556.124.684.249', 'A03.556.249.124'], ['M01.060.703'], ['C23.550.767'], ['G01.910.857'], ['C12.777.725.776', 'C13.351.968.725.776'], ['C10.597.900', 'C12.777.829.839', 'C13.351.968.829.760', 'C23.888.592.900'], ['E04.950.774.852']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
[Simplification in locating and dissecting the levator muscle of the upper eyelid in surgery for ptosis].
|
BACKGROUND: While repairing eyelid ptosis by aponeurotic resection by anterior approach, the risk of damaging the levator complex and the conjunctiva is significant. In order to simplify the dissection between M?ller's muscle and the underneath conjunctiva, we use a modification of the usual surgical technique.METHODS: Before the skin incision, the eversion of the upper eyelid allows to dissect the conjunctiva from the M?ller's muscle under direct visual control, starting from the upper tarsal margin. A silicone band is then passed through the so created horizontal subconjunctival tunnel. The upper eyelid can be physiologically replaced, and the levator muscle aponeurosis exposed. The two ends of the band are then pulled on surface through two lateral incision performed close to the upper tarsal edge. Now the band plays the role of a useful landmark: every tissue above the band is levator complex; when stretched downwards, it points the upper edge of the tarsal plate. We operated by this technique 24 eyes, affected of acquired or congenital ptosis. Fourteen eyelids had already undergone ptosis surgery elsewhere.RESULTS: We achieved good-to-excellent results in all cases, without any important postoperative complications.CONCLUSIONS: The proposed manoeuvre makes easier the dissection of the inner aspect of the levator complex, because of the material control. Therefore it minimises the tissue trauma and the postoperative complications, particularly in complicated cases characterised by scarring and fibrosis.
|
['Blepharoptosis', 'Eyelids', 'Humans', 'Methods']
| 9,499,982
|
[['C11.338.204'], ['A01.456.505.420.504', 'A09.371.337'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.581']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Determination of the required surface area of a final clarifier for an activated-sludge system.
|
A generic methodology for determining the required surface area of a final clarifier is presented. Clarification and thickening requirements are integrated to form a unified procedure for final clarifier design. The new method is based on results obtained by Yuen (2002) on the solids flux theory for a secondary clarifier; it does not require the specification of recycle rate, which is computed as an output of the method. The author shows that there is a minimum required surface area (A(m)) for a final clarifier under the thickening requirement when the designed recycle rate is set at the maximum allowable value (FR)m (at the critical state). The designed surface area and the return activated sludge pumping capacity can be determined by applying a safety factor to A(m) and (FR)m, respectively. The method is shown to conform to conventional design criteria under typical design conditions.
|
['Filtration', 'Models, Theoretical', 'Sewage', 'Waste Disposal, Fluid', 'Water Movements']
| 15,168,850
|
[['E05.196.454', 'G01.280', 'G02.263'], ['E05.599'], ['D20.944.932.500'], ['N06.850.780.200.800.800.890', 'N06.850.860.510.900.600.900'], ['G16.500.971', 'N06.230.132.644.750', 'N06.230.850']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Effect of the NADPH oxidase inhibitor apocynin on ischemia-reperfusion hippocampus injury in rat brain.
|
Blockage along with sudden restoration of blood following ischemia, results in several cascading events, such as a massive ROS production which plays an important role in the pathophysiology of ischemia. NADPH oxidase complex in mitochondria complex is believed to be the major source for ROS production. The present study explores the therapeutic potential of apocynin, an NADPH oxidase inhibitor in attenuating the ROS production, and the resultant neuroinflammation and mitochondrial injury during cerebral ischemia in rats. Bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO) model was chosen for the study where intracellular ROS and NO levels as well as the NADPH oxidase activity were found to be increased significantly post 7th day of ischemic injury. Enhanced glial activation was observed and an upregulated expression of GFAP and Iba-1 in hippocampus along with that of the transcription factor NFêB and inflammatory markers iNOS, IL-1á, IL-1â and TNF-á.The activity of mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) complexes I, II, IV and V were significantly decreased following ischemia. Consequently, there was a decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) while an increased release of cytochrome c and upregulated apoptotic markers Bax, caspase-3 and 9 initiated the programmed neuronal death which was also reflected by the marked increase in TUNEL positive cells in the hippocampal region. The physiological functional alterations have been observed following ischemic injury i.e memory and motor deficits. The apocynin supplementation significantly reduced the NADPH oxidase activity and resulted in declined ROS production which in-turn prevented the glial activation and downregulated the inflammatory and pro-apoptotic markers. Apocynin also restored the MMP (Äøm) and mitochondrial enzymes via inhibition of ROS vicious and relationship between NADPH oxidase and mitochondrial complexes. Apocynin treatment was also successfully reduced the behavioural deficits in ischemic animals. In conclusion, inhibiting the NADPH oxidase complex presumably attenuated the mitochondrial injury, neuroinflammation and apoptosis following ischemic injury in rat brain.
|
['Acetophenones', 'Animals', 'Brain Ischemia', 'Enzyme Inhibitors', 'Hippocampus', 'Male', 'Maze Learning', 'NADPH Oxidases', 'Oxidative Stress', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Reperfusion Injury', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 29,091,896
|
[['D02.522.120'], ['B01.050'], ['C10.228.140.300.150', 'C14.907.253.092'], ['D27.505.519.389'], ['A08.186.211.180.405', 'A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.345'], ['F02.463.425.874.500'], ['D08.811.682.608.575', 'D12.776.331.894', 'D12.776.543.653'], ['G03.673', 'G07.775.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900'], ['C14.907.725', 'C23.550.767.877'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Ultrasound guided versus conventional joint and soft tissue fluid aspiration in rheumatology practice: a pilot study.
|
OBJECTIVE: To compare joint and soft tissue aspiration using a conventional technique with an ultrasound (US) guided technique.METHODS: In the conventional group, 32 joints in 30 consecutive patients referred for joint aspiration and injection to an experienced consultant rheumatologist were aspirated. In the US guided group, 31 consecutive patients were examined by US to confirm the presence and location of fluid. Following US examination, aspiration was performed by a second rheumatologist based on the US localization of fluid or under direct US guidance.RESULTS: In the conventional group, successful aspiration was achieved in 10 (32%) joints. In the US guided group, successful aspiration was achieved in 31 (97%) joints. The mean volume of fluid obtained from successful aspirations was similar in both groups (11.7 ml in the US group and 14 ml in the conventional group).CONCLUSION: The use of US to localize joint and soft tissue fluid collection greatly improves the rate of diagnostic synovial fluid aspiration, particularly in small joints. This has important implications for accurate administration of local steroid therapy and emphasizes the importance of US as a useful tool in clinical rheumatological practice.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Arthritis', 'Biopsy, Needle', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Pilot Projects', 'Rheumatology', 'Synovial Fluid', 'Ultrasonography, Interventional']
| 12,375,335
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['C05.550.114'], ['E01.370.225.500.384.100.119', 'E01.370.225.998.054.119', 'E01.370.388.100.100', 'E04.074.119', 'E04.665.100', 'E05.200.500.384.100.119', 'E05.200.998.054.119', 'E05.242.384.100.119'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.372.750', 'E05.337.737', 'N05.715.360.330.720', 'N06.850.520.450.720'], ['H02.403.429.730'], ['A02.835.583.443.800.800', 'A12.207.270.847'], ['E01.370.350.850.855', 'E04.502.890']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Comparison of earphone radiation recorded from hearing impaired subjects and a resistor network simulator.
|
Electromagnetic radiation emitted by earphones is a potential source of contamination of auditory evoked potentials, particularly when long-duration stimuli are used to evoke the response. One practical solution to this problem would be to estimate the magnitude and characteristics of this earphone radiation so that an appropriate choice of earphone is made. With this aim, earphone radiation measures obtained from a resistor network simulator laid out over the dimensions of an average head were compared with those obtained from three hearing impaired subjects to determine the efficacy of the simulator in estimating the magnitude of this radiation. Results indicated a close agreement between these measures suggesting that the simulator measures are realistic. It was shown that the earphone radiation (i) increases linearly with stimulus intensity; (ii) varies systematically as a function of recording configuration; and (iii) recorded in the simulator can be used to subtract out earphone radiation contaminating evoked responses recorded from subjects using unshielded earphones. Based on these results it was concluded that the simulator provides a practical means to simulate real recordings, at least for the purposes of estimating stimulus artifact that may contaminate auditory evoked potentials to sustained stimuli.
|
['Cochlea', 'Electric Stimulation', 'Electrodes', 'Electromagnetic Fields', 'Evoked Potentials, Auditory', 'Female', 'Hearing', 'Hearing Aids', 'Hearing Loss, Bilateral', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Phonetics', 'Radiation']
| 7,841,899
|
[['A09.246.300.246'], ['E05.723.402'], ['E07.305.250'], ['G01.358.500.260', 'G01.358.750.500'], ['G07.265.216.500.370', 'G07.888.250', 'G11.561.200.500.370'], ['F02.830.816.263', 'G07.888.500', 'G11.561.790.263'], ['E07.305.906.500', 'E07.814.458'], ['C09.218.458.341.374', 'C10.597.751.418.341.374', 'C23.888.592.763.393.341.374'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.559.598.518'], ['G01.750']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
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