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Traumatic cervical internal carotid artery occlusion in an infant. Case report.
|
A 10-month-old boy presented with traumatic internal carotid artery (ICA) occlusion caused by blunt injury after falling from a baby carrier attached to a standing bicycle. Physical examination found bruises on the scalp in the right temporal region and the right shoulder, but no wound in the neck. Chest radiography showed a right clavicular fracture. He developed left hemiparesis at 19 hours after the injury. Computed tomography revealed cerebral infarct and angiography showed cervical ICA occlusion. Conservative therapy with hemodilution was given under a diagnosis of cervical ICA occlusion caused by extension and rotational head injury. Traumatic cervical ICA occlusion due to blunt injury is not uncommon in adults, but extremely rare in infants. We would like to emphasize the dangers of leaving a baby unattended in a carrier attached to a standing bicycle.
|
['Accidental Falls', 'Carotid Artery Injuries', 'Carotid Artery, Internal', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Male', 'Neck Injuries']
| 16,308,518
|
[['N06.850.135.122'], ['C10.228.140.300.200.345', 'C10.228.140.300.350.500', 'C10.900.250.300', 'C14.907.253.123.345', 'C14.907.253.535.500', 'C26.915.200.200'], ['A07.015.114.186.200.230'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['C26.700']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
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|
Role of parainfluenza virus-specific IgE in pathogenesis of croup and wheezing subsequent to infection.
|
In order to determine the role of parainfluenza virus-specific IgE antibody production and release of histamine in the pathogenesis of lower respiratory disease caused by parainfluenza virus infection, we studied 84 infants and children at the time of parainfluenza virus infection. Parainfluenza virus-IgE antibody was detected in samples of nasopharyngeal secretions by means of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and histamine content of nasopharyngeal secretions was determined by a fluorometric technique. Virus-specific IgE responses appeared earlier and were of greater magnitude in patients with croup, wheezing, and croup with wheezing caused by parainfluenza virus infection than in patients with parainfluenza virus-induced upper respiratory illness. Histamine was detectable in nasopharyngeal secretions of patients with parainfluenza virus-related croup significantly more often than in patients with upper respiratory illness caused by parainfluenza virus. These observations suggest a role for immunologic mechanisms in the pathogenesis of severe forms of respiratory illness caused by parainfluenza virus infection.
|
['Antibodies, Viral', 'Child, Preschool', 'Croup', 'Histamine Release', 'Humans', 'Immunoglobulin E', 'Infant', 'Laryngitis', 'Nasal Mucosa', 'Parainfluenza Virus 2, Human', 'Respiration', 'Respiratory Sounds', 'Respiratory Tract Infections', 'Respirovirus']
| 6,183,418
|
[['D12.776.124.486.485.114.254', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.254', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.254'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['C08.360.535.365', 'C09.400.535.365'], ['G12.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.619.312', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.619.312', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.619.312'], ['M01.060.703'], ['C01.748.368', 'C08.360.535', 'C08.730.368', 'C09.400.535'], ['A04.531.520', 'A04.760.600', 'A10.615.550.760.600'], ['B04.820.480.937.600.650.750.715'], ['G09.772.705'], ['C23.888.852.779', 'E01.370.386.720', 'G09.772.775'], ['C01.748', 'C08.730'], ['B04.820.480.937.600.650.700']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
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|
[Comparison of oral diazoxide and minoxidil in refractory hypertension].
|
The efficacy and side effects of two potent vasodilatators, namely diazoxide and minoxidil given orally, were compared in 11 patients who had hypertension refractory to conventional drug treatment. The latter included diuretics, betablockers and/or sympatholytics, and either dihydralazine or prazosin. In a crossover approach, dihydralazine and prazosin were withdrawn and replaced by diazoxide or minoxidil. In nine patients the diazoxide phase preceded the minoxidil treatment, while in two it followed minoxidil treatment. Before introduction of the more potent vasodilators blood pressure averaged 181/107 mm Hg in the supine and 161/103 mm Hg in the upright position. Both, oral diazoxide (median dose 400 mg/d( and minoxidil (medium dose 17.5 mg/d) produced similar decreases (p < 0.02) in mean arterial pressure (-15%) in the supine and (-11 vs. -12%) in the upright position. They caused a comparable tendency for sodium retention and weight gain which could be satisfactorily controlled with increased diuretic therapy, except in one patient. Hypertrichosis occurred with both drugs, but tended to be somewhat milder with diazoxide. Electrocardiograms remained generally unchanged. Plasma glucose levels were increased during diazoxide treatment in six patients necessitating interruption of this therapy in four patients. It is concluded that the antihypertensive potency and most side effect of orally administered diazoxide are comparable to those of minoxidil, except for diazoxide-related hyperglycemia which may limit the use of this substance.
|
['Blood Glucose', 'Blood Pressure', 'Body Weight', 'Diazoxide', 'Diuretics', 'Drug Therapy, Combination', 'Electrocardiography', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hyperglycemia', 'Hypertension', 'Hypertrichosis', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Minoxidil', 'Pulse', 'Pyrimidines', 'Sodium']
| 7,442,081
|
[['D09.947.875.359.448.500'], ['E01.370.600.875.249', 'G09.330.380.076'], ['C23.888.144', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120', 'E05.041.124.160.750', 'G07.100.100.160.120', 'G07.345.249.314.120'], ['D02.886.590.700.135.300', 'D02.886.655.500.300', 'D03.633.100.174.300'], ['D27.505.696.560.500'], ['E02.319.310'], ['E01.370.370.380.240', 'E01.370.405.240'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C18.452.394.952'], ['C14.907.489'], ['C17.800.329.875'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D03.383.621.493', 'D03.383.742.418'], ['E01.370.370.380.650', 'G09.330.380.750'], ['D03.383.742'], ['D01.268.549.750', 'D01.268.557.650', 'D01.552.528.850', 'D01.552.547.725']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
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| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
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| 1
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|
Mucosal insulin delivery systems based on complexation polymer hydrogels: effect of particle size on insulin enteral absorption.
|
Insulin-loaded polymer (ILP) microparticles composed of poly(methacrylic acid) and poly(ethylene glycol), which have pH-dependent complexation and mucoadhesive properties have been thought to be potential carriers for insulin via an oral route. Nevertheless, further optimization of the polymer delivery system is required to improve clinical application. Therefore, the effect of particle size of the ILP (L-ILP: 180-230 microm, S-ILP: 43-89 microm, SS-ILP: <43 microm) on insulin absorption was studied in the in situ loop system, hypothesizing smaller particle sizes of ILP could induce bigger hypoglycemic effects due to increase mucoadhesive capacity. To verify the hypothesis, the adhesive capacities of differently sized ILPs to the mucosal tissues were evaluated. Additionally, the intestinal site-specificity of ILP for insulin absorption was investigated. Intra- and inter-cellular integrity and/or damage were also examined by lactate dehydrogenase leakage and membrane electrical resistance change to ensure the safety of ILP as a carrier for oral route. As hypothesized, the smaller sized microparticles (SS-ILP) showed a rapid burst-type insulin release and higher insulin absorption compared with the microparticles having larger sizes, resulting in greater hypoglycemic effects without detectable mucosal damage. In fact, SS-ILP demonstrated higher mucoadhesive capacity to the jejunum and the ileum than those of L-ILP. Moreover, SS-ILP's enhancement effect of insulin mucosal absorption showed a site-specificity, demonstrating maximum effect at the ileal segment. These results imply that the particle size and delivery site are very important factors for ILP with respect to increasing the bioavailability of insulin following oral administration.
|
['Animals', 'Drug Delivery Systems', 'Hydrogels', 'Insulin', 'Intestinal Absorption', 'Intestinal Mucosa', 'Male', 'Particle Size', 'Polymers', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley']
| 15,147,809
|
[['B01.050'], ['E02.319.300'], ['D20.280.320.375', 'D26.255.165.320.375'], ['D06.472.699.587.200.500.625', 'D12.644.548.586.200.500.625'], ['G03.015.500.374.500', 'G03.787.024.500.374.500', 'G07.203.650.372.500', 'G07.690.725.015.500.374.500', 'G10.261.353.500'], ['A03.556.124.369', 'A10.615.550.444'], ['G02.712'], ['D05.750', 'D25.720', 'J01.637.051.720'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Association between CD62 ligand on na?ve and memory T cells and history of cow's milk hypersensitivity in atopic patients.
|
BACKGROUND: Both IgE and non-IgE cell-mediated reactions can contribute to the immunopathogenesis of food hypersensitivity.OBJECTIVE: To study L-selectin expression in na?ve (CD45RA+) and memory (CD45RO+) T cells in atopic patients with a history of cow's milk allergy and CD69 expression.METHODS: We evaluated 12 children with a history of cow's milk allergy. All 12 children underwent clinical history, examination, in vivo skin prick testing to inhalants and milk allergen, and in vitro radioallergosorbent testing for milk and total serum IgE levels. L-selectin levels on naive and memory T cells from patients and controls were analyzed by flow cytometry with fluorochrome-conjugated monoclonal antibodies after 4 hours or 7 days of incubation with medium alone, 1 microg/mL of pokeweed mitogen, or 50 microg/mL of casein.RESULTS: The percentage of CD45RA+ 62L+ cells with casein was 56% +/- 11% vs 38% +/- 7.7% in healthy controls (P < .009). The percentage of CD45RO- 62L+ cells was 22% +/- 7.1% vs 39% +/- 7.6% in healthy controls (P < .001), whereas the expression of CD62L+ in CD45RA+ and CD45RO+ cells decreased 149% +/- 33% vs 540% +/- 36% for healthy controls (P < .001) and 89% -+/- 16% vs 402% +/- 103% for healthy controls (P < .001), respectively.CONCLUSIONS: The results of the present study demonstrate the presence of CD62 ligand on naive and memory T cells, which might serve as a predictive marker for atopic dermatitis withother overlapping atopic disorders, such as asthma and allergic rhinitis.
|
['Adolescent', 'Antigens, CD', 'Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte', 'Biomarkers', 'CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Female', 'Flow Cytometry', 'Humans', 'Hypersensitivity, Immediate', 'Immunoglobulin E', 'Infant', 'L-Selectin', 'Lectins, C-Type', 'Leukocyte Common Antigens', 'Male', 'Milk Hypersensitivity', 'T-Lymphocyte Subsets']
| 15,191,026
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['D23.050.301.264.035', 'D23.101.100.110'], ['D23.050.301.264.894', 'D23.101.100.894'], ['D23.101'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.569.200', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.200', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.200'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['E01.370.225.500.363.342', 'E01.370.225.500.386.350', 'E05.196.712.516.600.240.350', 'E05.200.500.363.342', 'E05.200.500.386.350', 'E05.242.363.342', 'E05.242.386.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C20.543.480'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.619.312', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.619.312', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.619.312'], ['M01.060.703'], ['D12.776.395.550.200.625.903', 'D12.776.395.550.200.700.510', 'D12.776.503.843.510', 'D12.776.543.550.200.625.903', 'D12.776.543.550.200.700.510', 'D12.776.543.750.705.877.903', 'D23.050.301.350.625.903', 'D23.050.301.350.700.510'], ['D12.776.503.280'], ['D08.811.277.352.650.775.400.100.500', 'D12.644.360.587.100.500', 'D12.776.476.592.100.500', 'D12.776.543.733.937.500'], ['C20.543.480.370.500'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.550.500', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.500', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.550.500', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.500', 'A15.382.490.555.567.550.500', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.500']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
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| 0
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| 1
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|
Estrogen treatment and body fat distribution are involved in corticotropin and cortisol response to corticotropin-releasing hormone in postmenopausal women.
|
To assess the effect of transdermal estrogen substitution on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis responsiveness/sensitivity and the impact of the antrophometric characteristics on these parameters, 20 postmenopausal women seeking treatment for the relief of postemenopausal symptoms were studied. They received transdermal 50 microg/d estradiol for 12 weeks (estrogen replacement therapy [ERT]). Patients were classified as low waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) (peripheral fat distribution women; n = 12) and high WHR (central fat distribution women; n = 8) according to the cut-off value of 0.85. Plasma hormone and lipid concentration were assessed at baseline and after 12 weeks of treatment. Results were compared with a group of 8 placebo-treated patients who served as controls. Corticotropin (ACTH) and cortisol (F) were expressed as fasting values, area under the curve (AUC), and time course over 90 minutes after corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) intravenous (IV) bolus (1 microg/kg body weight [BW]). Adrenal sensitivity to CRH stimulus was expressed as time course over 90 minutes and AUC of the F/ACTH molar ratio. The plasma F levels in response to ACTH stimulation did not change after ERT; however, a highly significant improvement of adrenal sensitivity was observed (P <.01). In fact, estrogen treatment significantly decreased the amount of ACTH produced after CRH stimulation, both as absolute time course and AUC (P <.01). No significant change was observed in controls. Considering body fat distribution, the high WHR group showed higher ACTH (P <.01), lower F/ACTH values, and superimposable F plasma values compared with the low WHR group. Estrogen treatment induced a significant ACTH reduction after CRH (P <.01) only in the high WHR group, whereas cortisol response was similar in both groups both before and after treatment. A significant negative correlation was found between WHR and adrenal sensitivity before treatment. ERT significantly improved adrenal sensitivity only in the low WHR group (P <.01). These data suggest that different mechanisms can prevail in the control of the HPA axis in menopause. Estrogens could exert different effects on the hypothalamic-pituitary axis, as well as on adrenal function, and these changes seem to be partially dependent on the pattern of body fat distribution.
|
['Adipose Tissue', 'Administration, Cutaneous', 'Adrenal Glands', 'Adrenocorticotropic Hormone', 'Body Composition', 'Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone', 'Estradiol', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hydrocortisone', 'Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System', 'Placebos', 'Postmenopause']
| 11,833,038
|
[['A10.165.114'], ['E02.319.267.120.060'], ['A06.300.071'], ['D06.472.699.327.935.531.500', 'D06.472.699.631.525.600.531.500', 'D12.644.400.400.935.531.500', 'D12.644.548.365.935.531.500', 'D12.644.548.691.525.690.531.500', 'D12.776.631.650.405.935.531.500'], ['G02.111.130', 'G03.180', 'G07.100.049'], ['D06.472.699.327.740.140', 'D12.644.400.400.740.140', 'D12.644.548.365.740.140', 'D12.776.631.650.405.740.140'], ['D04.210.500.365.415.248', 'D06.472.334.851.437.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D04.210.500.745.745.654.600', 'D06.472.040.585.353.476', 'D06.472.040.585.478.392'], ['A06.688.357', 'A08.186.211.180.497.352.435', 'A08.186.211.200.317.357.352.435', 'A08.713.357'], ['D26.660', 'E02.785'], ['G08.686.157.500.625', 'G08.686.841.249.500.625']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Localisation of human osteosarcoma by antitumour monoclonal antibody.
|
Immunoscintigraphy using radioisotope-labelled monoclonal antibody prepared against osteosarcoma 791T cells was used to detect a primary osteosarcoma. The eight-centimetre tumour was detected using rectilinear scintigraphy of 131I-labelled antibodies. Image enhancement was achieved by subtraction of blood-pool radioactivity labelled with technetium-99m. The ratio of tumour to non-tumour uptake of radioactivity (5:1) suggested that antibody targeting of therapeutic agents is feasible.
|
['Adolescent', 'Antibodies, Monoclonal', 'Female', 'Femoral Neoplasms', 'Humans', 'Iodine Radioisotopes', 'Osteosarcoma', 'Radionuclide Imaging', 'Subtraction Technique']
| 6,358,231
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224'], ['C04.588.149.276', 'C05.116.231.343'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D01.268.380.400.500.496', 'D01.496.448.496', 'D01.496.749.474'], ['C04.557.450.565.575.650', 'C04.557.450.795.620'], ['E01.370.350.710', 'E01.370.384.730'], ['E01.370.350.760']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
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| 1
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| 0
|
A geographical cluster of progressive supranuclear palsy in northern France.
|
OBJECTIVE: To describe a cluster of progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) in northern France. PSP has not been reported in geographical, temporal, or occupational clusters. A unit of Neurology and Neurogeriatrics opened in 2005 at the Centre Hospitalier de Wattrelos, serving the population of Wattrelos and Leers (combined population 51,551) and parts of neighboring towns. For most of the 20th century, this area was a center for chromate and phosphate ore processing, textile dyeing, and tanning. Significant industrial waste persists close to residential areas.METHODS: From 2005 to 2014, 92 patients with PSP at Centre Hospitalier de Wattrelos were identified and studied. Detailed residential data were available in the medical records. Eighty cases have had magnetic resonance head scanning and 60 have died, of whom 13 have been examined neuropathologically.RESULTS: The ratio of observed to expected PSP incidence over the period 2005 to 2012 was 12.3 (95% confidence interval: 7.4-35.9). Mean onset age was 74.3 years. The Richardson syndrome/PSP-parkinsonism ratio was 43%/42%. Four other phenotypes each occurred in 2% to 5%. Onset was gait/balance difficulty in 52%. None of the 92 affected patients were relatives and 7 were of North African ancestry. MRI was compatible with a clinical diagnostic of PSP in all cases. Histopathologic examination confirmed neurofibrillary degeneration and tufted astrocytes in all autopsied cases. Western blots revealed a typical tau 4R doublet. The tau H1 haplotype occurred in 95.8% of cases' chromosomes.CONCLUSIONS: We have identified a cluster of PSP in a geographical area with severe environmental contamination by industrial metals.
|
['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Female', 'France', 'Haplotypes', 'Humans', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Movement Disorders', 'Phenotype', 'Supranuclear Palsy, Progressive', 'tau Proteins']
| 26,354,981
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['Z01.542.286'], ['G05.380.360'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C10.228.662'], ['G05.695'], ['C10.228.140.079.882', 'C10.228.662.700', 'C10.292.562.750.500', 'C10.574.945.500', 'C10.597.622.447.690', 'C11.590.472.500', 'C23.888.592.636.447.690'], ['D12.776.220.600.450.510', 'D12.776.631.560.510']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
|
Cost-effectiveness analysis of a rotavirus immunization program for the United States.
|
OBJECTIVE: To estimate the economic consequences in the United States of routine childhood immunization of children younger than 1 year of age with a rotavirus (RV) vaccine.DESIGN: Cost-effectiveness analysis of a national RV immunization program from the perspective of the health care system and the perspective of society. Estimates of disease incidence, medical expenditures, productivity costs, vaccine efficacy, and vaccine coverage rates were derived from published literature and unpublished vaccine trial reports. The impact of changes in estimates of vaccine efficacy and medical costs was determined by sensitivity analysis.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Incremental cost effectiveness, expressed as savings per case of RV diarrhea prevented.RESULTS: Given a vaccine efficacy rate of 50% and a vaccine cost of $30 per dose, an RV immunization program would prevent more than 1 million cases of RV diarrhea, 58,000 hospitalizations, and 82 deaths per year. A vaccine program would cost $243 million per year but would yield net savings of $79 million from the perspective of the health care system and $466 million from the perspective of society. The incremental cost effectiveness was a savings of $459 per case prevented from the societal perspective and $78 per case prevented from the health care system perspective. Sensitivity analyses substantiated net savings over a wide range of variables, and cost effectiveness increased with greater vaccine efficacy or decreased vaccine cost.CONCLUSIONS: Economic and disease reduction benefits would be realized from the use of an RV vaccine that is partially protective against severe RV diarrhea. These findings suggest that immunization with an RV vaccine would be cost effective and cost saving.
|
['Child, Preschool', 'Cost-Benefit Analysis', 'Decision Support Techniques', 'Humans', 'Immunization Programs', 'Infant', 'Models, Economic', 'Rotavirus Infections', 'Treatment Outcome', 'United States']
| 7,567,319
|
[['M01.060.406.448'], ['N03.219.151.125'], ['E05.245', 'L01.313.500.750.190'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N02.421.726.608'], ['M01.060.703'], ['E05.318.740.500.600', 'E05.599.835.890', 'N05.715.360.750.530.500', 'N06.850.520.830.500.600'], ['C01.925.782.791.814'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
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| 1
| 1
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Psychopathology, temperament, and past course in primary major depressions. 2. Toward a redefinition of bipolarity with a new semistructured interview for depression.
|
We report on the utility of a new instrument to identify subtypes of major depressive episodes with special reference to pseudo-unipolar conditions. By incorporating reliable measures of depressive and hyperthymic temperamental characteristics in subtype definitions, we achieve the sharpest possible demarcation between unipolar and bipolar disorders. The new procedures also reveal that 1 out of 3 primary depressives in a consecutive series of 405 patients belong to the bipolar spectrum. Furthermore, among bipolars, bipolar II disorder (redefined as major depressions with hypomania or hyperthymic temperament) represents the most common variant. We discuss the nosologic, therapeutic, methodologic and theoretical implications of these considerations on the unipolar-bipolar dichotomy. Given that major depression emerges as the final common clinical expression of a heterogeneous group of disorders, it underscores the importance of focusing on temperament and course of illness in subclassification efforts such as attempted here.
|
['Adult', 'Bipolar Disorder', 'Cyclothymic Disorder', 'Depressive Disorder', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Personality', 'Psychiatric Status Rating Scales', 'Recurrence', 'Temperament', 'Terminology as Topic']
| 2,602,525
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['F03.084.500'], ['F03.600.500'], ['F03.600.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['F01.752'], ['F04.711.513.653'], ['C23.550.291.937'], ['F01.752.898'], ['L01.559.598.400']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Skin toxicity after chest wall/breast plus level III-IV lymph nodes treatment with helical tomotherapy.
|
INTRODUCTION: To evaluate the incidence of toxicity in breast cancer with helical tomotherapy (HT).MATERIALS AND METHODS: 51 patients with breast cancer were assigned to postoperative radiotherapy by means of HT to the chest wall/breast plus draining nodes. During HT treatment, toxicity was monitored and were assessed using the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events 4.0 scale.RESULTS: Acute skin G3 toxicity observed in 1.9% cases. No acute or late G4 toxicity was observed. At a median follow-up of 21 months 2 patients have late G1 toxicity.CONCLUSIONS: HT was associated with a low incidence of low-grade skin toxicity.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Breast Neoplasms', 'Dose Fractionation, Radiation', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Lymph Nodes', 'Middle Aged', 'Radiation Injuries', 'Radiotherapy, Intensity-Modulated', 'Skin', 'Thoracic Wall', 'Tomography, Spiral Computed', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 30,516,084
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['C04.588.180', 'C17.800.090.500'], ['E02.815.639.200'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A10.549.400', 'A15.382.520.604.412'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C26.733', 'G01.750.748.500', 'N06.850.460.350.850.500', 'N06.850.810.300.360'], ['E02.815.635.700.700', 'L01.313.500.750.100.710.600.550.700'], ['A17.815'], ['A01.923.761.850'], ['E01.370.350.350.810.800', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810.800', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810.800', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810.800', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810.800'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Habitat fragmentation alters the properties of a host-parasite network: rodents and their helminths in South-East Asia.
|
1. While the effects of deforestation and habitat fragmentation on parasite prevalence or richness are well investigated, host-parasite networks are still understudied despite their importance in understanding the mechanisms of these major disturbances. Because fragmentation may negatively impact species occupancy, abundance and co-occurrence, we predict a link between spatiotemporal changes in habitat and the architecture of host-parasite networks. 2. For this, we used an extensive data set on 16 rodent species and 29 helminth species from seven localities of South-East Asia. We analysed the effects of rapid deforestation on connectance and modularity of helminth-parasite networks. We estimated both the degree of fragmentation and the rate of deforestation through the development of land uses and their changes through the last 20 to 30 years in order to take into account the dynamics of habitat fragmentation in our statistical analyses. 3. We found that rapid fragmentation does not affect helminth species richness per se but impacts host-parasite interactions as the rodent-helminth network becomes less connected and more modular. 4. Our results suggest that parasite sharing among host species may become more difficult to maintain with the increase of habitat disturbance.
|
['Animals', 'Biodiversity', 'Cambodia', 'Ecosystem', 'Geographic Information Systems', 'Helminthiasis, Animal', 'Helminths', 'Host-Parasite Interactions', 'Laos', 'Muridae', 'Prevalence', 'Rodent Diseases', 'Spacecraft', 'Thailand']
| 25,777,342
|
[['B01.050'], ['G16.500.275.157.049', 'N06.230.124.049'], ['Z01.252.145.182'], ['G16.500.275.157', 'N06.230.124'], ['L01.313.500.750.300.314', 'L01.470.750.750.462'], ['C01.610.335.349', 'C01.610.701.377', 'C22.674.377'], ['B01.050.500.500'], ['G16.527.200.400'], ['Z01.252.145.435'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['C22.795'], ['J01.937.285.850.900'], ['Z01.252.145.841']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
The central nervous system is a target of acute graft versus host disease in mice.
|
Despite significant advances in prevention and management, graft versus host disease (GVHD) is still a leading complication after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). Although skin, gut, liver, thymus, and lung are GVHD targets, neurological complications (NC) have also been reported following allo-HSCT. We demonstrate that the central nervous system (CNS) can be a direct target of alloreactive T cells following allo-HSCT in mice. We found significant infiltration of the CNS with donor T lymphocytes and cell death of neurons and neuroglia in allo-HSCT recipients with GVHD. We also found that allo-HSCT recipients with GVHD had deficits in spatial learning/memory and demonstrated increased anxious behavior. These findings highlight CNS sensitivity to damage caused by alloreactive donor T cells and represent the first characterization of target cell subsets and NC during GVHD. Therefore, these clinically relevant studies offer a novel and rational explanation for the well-described neurological symptoms observed after allo-HSCT.
|
['Acute Disease', 'Animals', 'Behavior, Animal', 'Bone Marrow', 'Central Nervous System Diseases', 'Flow Cytometry', 'Graft vs Host Disease', 'Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation', 'Lymphocyte Depletion', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred BALB C', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Postoperative Complications', 'T-Lymphocytes', 'Transplantation, Homologous']
| 23,299,314
|
[['C23.550.291.125'], ['B01.050'], ['F01.145.113'], ['A15.382.216'], ['C10.228'], ['E01.370.225.500.363.342', 'E01.370.225.500.386.350', 'E05.196.712.516.600.240.350', 'E05.200.500.363.342', 'E05.200.500.386.350', 'E05.242.363.342', 'E05.242.386.350'], ['C20.452'], ['E02.095.147.500.500.500', 'E04.936.225.687.500'], ['E02.095.465.425.450.521', 'E05.478.610.570'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.338', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.338'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['C23.550.767'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.569', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569'], ['E04.936.864']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Regulation of cytosolic phospholipase A2 in rat endometrial stromal cells: the role of epidermal growth factor.
|
The effect of epidermal growth factor on the levels of cytosolic phospholipase A2 mRNA and protein in cultured rat endometrial stromal cells isolated from uteri sensitized for the decidual cell reaction was examined. Treatment with epidermal growth factor increased the steady-state cytosolic phospholipase A2 mRNA and protein levels as demonstrated by Northern and Western blot analyses, respectively. Immunocytochemical analysis demonstrated an increase of cytosolic phospholipase A2 protein in most cells, as opposed to a small subpopulation of cells in culture. These results show that epidermal growth factor causes an increase in steady-state cytosolic phospholipase A2 mRNA and protein levels in rat endometrial stromal cells from uteri sensitized for the decidual cell reaction. Epidermal growth factor receptor ligands may regulate cytosolic phospholipase A2 and thus prostaglandin production in the endometrial stromal cells during implantation.
|
['Analysis of Variance', 'Animals', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Cytosol', 'Endometrium', 'Epidermal Growth Factor', 'Female', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic', 'Phospholipases A', 'Phospholipases A2', 'Protein Biosynthesis', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Stromal Cells', 'Transcription, Genetic']
| 10,092,112
|
[['E05.318.740.150', 'N05.715.360.750.125', 'N06.850.520.830.150'], ['B01.050'], ['A11.251'], ['A11.284.430.214.200', 'A11.284.430.429.200', 'A11.284.835.450.200'], ['A05.360.319.679.490'], ['D06.472.317.350', 'D12.644.276.382.500', 'D12.776.467.382.500', 'D23.529.382.500'], ['G05.308.320'], ['D08.811.277.352.100.680.750'], ['D08.811.277.352.100.680.750.937'], ['G02.111.660.871', 'G03.734.871', 'G05.297.670'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['E05.393.620.500.725'], ['A11.329.830'], ['G02.111.873', 'G05.297.700']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Intermediate and long-term outcome of patients after device closure of ASD with special reference to complications.
|
BACKGROUND: Device closure of Secundum atrial septal defect (ASD) is an accepted mode of treatment in selected patients with a suitable defect. The major initial concern over the long-term outcome has been erosions and more recently development of aortic regurgitation. Objective was to assess the intermediate and long term outcome of patients with device closure of ASD with special reference to complications.METHODS: Two hundred and four patients with significant Secundum ASD, 16 months to 55 years (median 8 years) were considered for transcatheter closure with the Amplatzer septal occluder from October 1999 to April 2009 with follow up examinations at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months and thereafter at yearly interval.RESULTS: Device closure of ASD was done successfully in 202/204 patients. The immediate (first 24-hour) major complications included device embolization (n = 4), pericardial effusion (n = 1) and 2:1 heart block (n = 1). At a mean follow up of 4.9 years (90 days to 9.6 years, median 5.3 years) complete closure was documented in all patients. Two patients (1%) had developed mild aortic regurgitation. Atrial fibrillation occurred in 3 adult patients (1.5%) at a mean of 2 weeks post procedure with complete recovery within 6 months. There were no late embolizations, erosions or thromboembolic events on long-term follow up.CONCLUSIONS: Device closure of Secundum ASD using Amplatzer septal occluder is safe and effective in intermediate and long-term follow up with extremely low mortality rate. The risk of development of aortic regurgitation or atrial fibrillation is also very low.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Female', 'Heart Septal Defects, Atrial', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Pakistan', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Septal Occluder Device', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 20,929,028
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['C14.240.400.560.375', 'C14.280.400.560.375', 'C16.131.240.400.560.375'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['Z01.252.245.723'], ['C23.550.767'], ['E07.695.715'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Enhancing nursing students' education by coaching mentors.
|
To address some of the recommendations of the Willis Commission ( Royal College of Nursing 2012 ), and in response to local evaluation of mentor and nursing student experiences, the University of East Anglia has implemented a project to teach mentors coaching skills. The aim is to enhance mentor support of nursing students during practice placements and improve student learning in practice. This article describes the project and discusses the similarities and differences between mentoring and coaching. It shows how coaching has reduced the 'burden' of mentoring by reducing mentors' workloads, and has helped students to take responsibility for identifying learning needs and delivering supervised patient care.
|
['Education, Nursing, Baccalaureate', 'England', 'Humans', 'Mentors', 'Models, Educational', 'Schools, Nursing']
| 27,032,286
|
[['I02.358.462.316'], ['Z01.542.363.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.395'], ['E05.599.545', 'I02.903.302'], ['I02.783.495.623']]
|
['Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
|
SIMS microscopy: methodology, problems and perspectives in mapping drugs and nuclear medicine compounds.
|
Secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) microscopy, a mass spectrometry method designed in the 1960s, offers new analytical capabilities, high sensitivity (ppm to ppb region), high specificity and improved lateral resolution, thus facilitating insight into many physiological and biomedical questions. Apart from the sample preparation and the physical characteristics of the detection, the biological model must also be considered. SIMS analysis of diffusible ions and molecules requires strict cryogenic procedures which always begin by a flash-freeze fixation. Cellular integrity can be checked by mapping the major element distributions since intra and extracellular ions are redistributed only in damaged cells. Cryofixing may be followed either by a freeze-fracture methodology or by cryoembedding and dry-cutting. Chemical sample preparation is only used for ions or molecules bound to fixed cell structures. The use of scanning procedures ameliorates the lateral resolution and chromosome imaging has been reported with probe size of below 50 nm. Absolute quantification can be derived for embedded specimen by using internal references included in tissue equivalent resins. The sensitivity is limited by the ionization yield of the tag element and may be further impaired when working at high mass resolution (> or = 5000) to eliminate interfering cluster ions. SIMS drug mapping is usually performed after in vitro administration of a molecule to cell culture systems. Drug detection is accomplished indirectly by detecting a tag isotope naturally present or introduced by labelling, mainly with halogens, 15N and 14C. Molecular imaging with TOF-SIMS is an appealing alternative especially for heavier compounds. We stress some biological problems through a critical review of published SIMS drug studies. SIMS proved useful in assessing the targeting specificity of nuclear medicine pharmaceutics, even after in vivo administration. The first microscopic evidence of a thionamide induced follicular blockade of the iodine organification process is presented in a human sample.
|
['Animals', 'Bromine', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Iodine', 'Mice', 'Neuroblastoma', 'Pharmaceutical Preparations', 'Radioactive Tracers', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Spectrometry, Mass, Secondary Ion', 'Thyroid Gland', 'Tissue Fixation', 'Tumor Cells, Cultured']
| 9,693,832
|
[['B01.050'], ['D01.268.380.112'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D01.268.380.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['C04.557.465.625.600.590.650.550', 'C04.557.470.670.590.650.550', 'C04.557.580.625.600.590.650.550'], ['D26'], ['D01.496.749.731'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['E05.196.566.760'], ['A06.300.900'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.760.720', 'E01.370.225.750.600.760.720', 'E05.200.500.620.760.720', 'E05.200.750.600.760.720'], ['A11.251.860']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Coronary angioplasty for early postinfarction unstable angina.
|
Coronary angioplasty was performed in 53 patients in whom unstable angina had reoccurred after 48 hr and within 30 days after sustained myocardial infarction. Single-vessel disease was present in 64% of the patients and multivessel disease in 36%. The preceding myocardial infarction had been small to moderate in size in the majority of the patients. The left ventricular ejection fraction was more than 50% in 80% of the patients. Forty-five patients were refractory to pharmacologic treatment; eight were initially stabilized but once again became symptomatic with light exertion. Angioplasty was performed in 35 patients 2 to 14 days and in 18 patients 15 to 30 days after infarction (average 12 +/- 7 days after infarction). The initial success rate was 89% (47/53). The success rate of the patients treated at 2 to 14 days was lower (29/35, 83%) than that of patients treated at 14 to 30 days (18/18, 100%) but did not reach statistical significance (p less than .06). There were no deaths related to the procedure. In four of the six failures, emergency bypass surgery was performed and two patients sustained a myocardial infarction. Furthermore, a myocardial infarction complicated the angioplasty procedure in two other patients; thus the overall procedure-related myocardial infarction rate was 8% (4/53). At 6 months follow-up 26% (14/53) of all the patients who underwent angioplasty had recurrence of angina, which was successfully treated with repeat angioplasty, bypass surgery, or medical therapy. There were no late deaths. Late myocardial infarction occurred in two patients. Thus the total myocardial infarction rate after angioplasty at 6 months was 11% (6/53 patients).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
|
['Angina Pectoris', 'Angina, Unstable', 'Angioplasty, Balloon', 'Coronary Angiography', 'Coronary Vessels', 'Electrocardiography', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Myocardial Infarction', 'Recurrence', 'Time Factors']
| 2,946,493
|
[['C14.280.647.187', 'C14.907.585.187', 'C23.888.592.612.233.500'], ['C14.280.647.187.150', 'C14.907.585.187.150', 'C23.888.592.612.233.500.150'], ['E02.148.050.060', 'E04.100.814.529.124.060', 'E04.502.382.124.060', 'E05.157.016.060'], ['E01.370.350.130.625', 'E01.370.350.700.060.200', 'E01.370.370.050.200', 'E01.370.370.380.200'], ['A07.015.114.269', 'A07.015.908.194'], ['E01.370.370.380.240', 'E01.370.405.240'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C14.280.647.500', 'C14.907.585.500', 'C23.550.513.355.750', 'C23.550.717.489.750'], ['C23.550.291.937'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Analysis of tubular structures in three-dimensional confocal images.
|
Knowledge about the relationship between morphology and the function of neurons is an important instrument in understanding the role that neurons play in information processing in the brain. In paricular, the diameter and length of segments in dendritic arborization are considered to be crucial morphological features. Consequently, accurate detection of morphological features such as centre line position and diameter is a prerequisite to establish this relationship. Accurate detection of neuron morphology from confocal microscope images is hampered by the low signal to noise ratio of the images and the properties of the microscope point spread function (PSF). The size and the anisotropy of the PSF causes feature detection to be biased and orientation dependent. We deal with these problems by utilizing Gaussian image derivatives for feature detection. Gaussian kernels provide for image derivative estimates with low noise sensitivity. Features of interest such as centre line positions and diameter in a tubular neuronal segment of a dendritic tree can be detected by calculating and subsequently utilizing Gaussian image derivatives. For diameter measurement the microscope PSF is incorporated into the derivative calculation. Results on real and simulated confocal images reveal that centre line position and diameter can be estimated accurately and are bias free even under realistic imaging conditions.
|
['Araceae', 'Imaging, Three-Dimensional', 'Microscopy, Confocal', 'Models, Neurological', 'Neurons', 'Normal Distribution', 'Pollen']
| 12,222,820
|
[['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.618.050.750'], ['E01.370.350.400', 'L01.224.308.410'], ['E01.370.350.515.395', 'E05.595.395'], ['E05.599.395.642'], ['A08.675', 'A11.671'], ['E05.318.740.994.500', 'G17.820.500', 'N05.715.360.750.750.565', 'N06.850.520.830.994.500'], ['A18.024.249.500.249.500']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
[Clinical examination of safety and effectiveness of primary chemotherapy with CEF followed by docetaxel in preoperative breast cancer].
|
SUBJECTS: The subjects were patients with resectable breast cancer who visited our department between August 2003 and November 2004, did not have any other risk factors defined in the St. Gallen Consensus Conference,and were receptor-negative or had axillary lymph node metastasis.METHODS: The histological type, ER, PgR, HER2, and histological grade were evaluated by needle biopsy. Four courses of CEF (5-FU: 500 mg/m(2)+EPI: 75 mg/m(2)+CPA: 500 mg/m(2)) were performed at 3-week intervals, followed by 4 courses of Docetaxel (70 mg/m(2)).RESULTS: Treatment was performed in 14 patients including a male. Their age ranged from 37 to 69 years (mean, 55.3 years). Stage IIA was observed in 5 patients, IIB in 4, IIIA in 1, and IIIB in 4. In patients with Grade 3 or more, leukocytopenia was observed in 7 patients and diarrhea in 1 as adverse events. CR was obtained in 6 patients, PR in 5, and NC in 3 (response rate, 78.5%). Pathological examination showed pCR in 1 patient and pPR in 10 (response rate, 78.5%). Of the 10 patients with pPR, 2 showed a state near pCR.DISCUSSION: Our results showed the safety and effectiveness of preoperative chemotherapy with CEF followed by Docetaxel.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols', 'Biopsy, Needle', 'Breast Neoplasms', 'Breast Neoplasms, Male', 'Combined Modality Therapy', 'Cyclophosphamide', 'Docetaxel', 'Drug Administration Schedule', 'Drug Evaluation', 'Epirubicin', 'Female', 'Fluorouracil', 'Humans', 'Leukopenia', 'Lymphatic Metastasis', 'Male', 'Mastectomy, Segmental', 'Middle Aged', 'Nausea', 'Taxoids', 'Vomiting, Anticipatory']
| 16,484,856
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E02.183.750.500', 'E02.319.077.500', 'E02.319.310.037'], ['E01.370.225.500.384.100.119', 'E01.370.225.998.054.119', 'E01.370.388.100.100', 'E04.074.119', 'E04.665.100', 'E05.200.500.384.100.119', 'E05.200.998.054.119', 'E05.242.384.100.119'], ['C04.588.180', 'C17.800.090.500'], ['C04.588.180.260', 'C17.800.090.500.260'], ['E02.186'], ['D02.455.526.728.650.730.243', 'D02.705.672.500.243'], ['D02.455.426.392.368.242.888.389', 'D02.455.849.291.850.389'], ['E02.319.283'], ['E05.290.625', 'E05.337.425'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.562.050.200.175.200', 'D04.615.562.050.200.175.200', 'D09.408.051.059.200.175.200'], ['D03.383.742.698.875.404'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C15.378.553.546'], ['C04.697.650.560', 'C23.550.727.650.560'], ['E04.466.701'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C23.888.821.712'], ['D02.455.426.392.368.242.888', 'D02.455.849.291.850'], ['C23.888.821.937.080']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Positive feedback loop of hepatoma-derived growth factor and â-catenin promotes carcinogenesis of colorectal cancer.
|
To clarify the role of hepatoma-derived growth factor (HDGF) and â-catenin in carcinogenesis of colorectal cancer (CRC), our results showed that high HDGF expression was found in CRC cells and tissues and significantly related to histological differentiation (p = 0.035) and lymph node metastasis (p = 0.000). Significant positive correlation between HDGF expression and â-catenin abnormal expression was found in CRC tissues. High HDGF and lymph node metastasis were the strong independent prognostic indicators for reduced overall survival in CRC patients. HDGF knockdown dramatically inhibited cellular proliferation, migration, invasion, and tumorigenesis, both in vitro and in vivo, but induced G1 phase arrest and apoptosis in CRC cells. HDGF knock-down dramatically suppressed â-catenin and its down-stream genes expression in CRC cells. Intriguingly, â-catenin knock-down dramatically suppressed HDGF expression in CRC cells. Human recombinant Wnt3a and DKK1 treatment increased and decreased HDGF, â-catenin, c-Myc, cyclin D1, MMP9, and phos-GSK-3â (Ser9) protein expression in nuclear and cytoplasmic fraction of CRC cells upon â-catenin knock-down, respectively. Three HDGF-binding elements in â-catenin promoter were found and specific for transcriptional activation of â-catenin in CRC cells. In conclusion, our results first suggest that HDGF and â-catenin interacts as a positive feedback loop, which plays an important role in carcinogenesis and progression of CRC.
|
['Animals', 'Apoptosis', 'Binding Sites', 'Biomarkers, Tumor', 'Carcinogenesis', 'Cell Movement', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Colorectal Neoplasms', 'Disease Progression', 'Feedback, Physiological', 'Female', 'G1 Phase Cell Cycle Checkpoints', 'HCT116 Cells', 'HT29 Cells', 'Humans', 'Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins', 'Kaplan-Meier Estimate', 'Lymphatic Metastasis', 'Male', 'Mice, Inbred BALB C', 'Mice, Nude', 'Middle Aged', 'Promoter Regions, Genetic', 'Proportional Hazards Models', 'RNA Interference', 'RNAi Therapeutics', 'Signal Transduction', 'Time Factors', 'Transfection', 'Up-Regulation', 'Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays', 'beta Catenin']
| 26,296,979
|
[['B01.050'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['G02.111.570.120'], ['D23.101.140'], ['C04.697.098', 'C23.550.727.098'], ['G04.198', 'G07.568.500.180'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['C04.588.274.476.411.307', 'C06.301.371.411.307', 'C06.405.249.411.307', 'C06.405.469.158.356', 'C06.405.469.491.307', 'C06.405.469.860.180'], ['C23.550.291.656'], ['G07.410.732'], ['G04.144.109.249', 'G04.144.500.320.500'], ['A11.251.210.190.380', 'A11.251.860.180.380'], ['A11.251.210.190.475', 'A11.251.860.180.475', 'A11.436.365'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.644.276', 'D12.776.467', 'D23.529'], ['E05.318.740.998.650', 'N05.715.360.750.795.650', 'N06.850.520.830.998.650'], ['C04.697.650.560', 'C23.550.727.650.560'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.338', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.338'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G02.111.570.080.689.675', 'G05.360.080.689.675', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.750.680'], ['E05.318.740.500.700', 'E05.318.740.600.700', 'E05.318.740.750.725', 'E05.318.740.998.825', 'E05.599.835.900', 'N05.715.360.750.530.650', 'N05.715.360.750.625.650', 'N05.715.360.750.695.650', 'N05.715.360.750.795.825', 'N06.850.520.830.500.700', 'N06.850.520.830.600.700', 'N06.850.520.830.750.725', 'N06.850.520.830.998.912'], ['G05.308.203.374.790'], ['E02.095.301.250'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['G01.910.857'], ['E05.393.350.810', 'G05.728.860'], ['G02.111.905', 'G05.308.850', 'G07.690.773.998'], ['E05.337.550.200.900', 'E05.624.850'], ['D12.776.091.249', 'D12.776.220.145.500', 'D12.776.930.130']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Student Nurse in the War Zone.
|
: Editor's note: From its first issue in 1900 through to the present day, AJN has unparalleled archives detailing nurses' work and lives over more than a century. These articles not only chronicle nursing's growth as a profession within the context of the events of the day, but they also reveal prevailing societal attitudes about women, health care, and human rights. Today's nursing school curricula rarely include nursing's history, but it's a history worth knowing. To this end, From the AJN Archives highlights articles selected to fit today's topics and times.In this month's article, from the September 1942 issue, senior nursing student Frances Carr writes vividly about life and work in Honolulu after Pearl Harbor. "Students… have had seared into their memories scenes of such horror as cannot be imagined…. When night fell, the nursing staff faced its first test of caring for hundreds of patients in a blackout that had to be absolute." And in this issue, see "Remembering Pearl Harbor at 75 Years," which tells the stories of five nurses from the Army and Navy Nurse Corps who were stationed nearby at the time of the attack.
|
['Hawaii', 'History, 20th Century', 'Military Nursing', 'Students, Nursing', 'World War II']
| 27,875,450
|
[['Z01.107.567.875.580.375', 'Z01.639.760.815.482'], ['K01.400.504.968'], ['H02.478.676.458'], ['M01.848.769.685'], ['I01.880.735.950.250.984', 'K01.400.504.968.901']]
|
['Geographicals [Z]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
|
The effect of compression and decompression speed on the mechanical strength of compacts.
|
The purpose of this work was to investigate the effect of punch speed on the compaction properties of pharmaceutical powders; in particular, to separate out differences between the effect of the compression and decompression events. Tablets were prepared using an integrated compaction research system. Various "sawtooth" punch profiles were followed to compare the effects of different punch speeds on the crushing strength of the resulting tablets. The loading and unloading speeds were varied independently of one another. In general, when the compression speed was equal to the decompression speed, the tablet crushing strength was observed to decrease as the punch velocity increased. When the compression speed was greater than or less than the decompression speed, the results varied, depending on the material undergoing compaction. Reduction of the unloading speed from 300 to 10 mm/sec for pregelatinized starch and microcrystalline cellulose produced a significant increase in crushing strength, whereas no significant increase in crushing strength was observed until the loading speed was reduced to 10 mm/sec. Reduction of the unloading speed had a similar effect on the direct compression (DC) ibuprofen, however, even greater improvement in the crushing strength was observed when the loading speed was reduced. No improvement in the DC acetaminophen tablets was observed when the unloading speed was reduced, however, a significant increase in crushing strength was produced when the rate of loading was reduced. This work showed that the strength of tablets can be improved and some tableting problems such as capping can be minimized or prevented by modifying the rates of loading/unloading.
|
['Powders', 'Tablets', 'Technology, Pharmaceutical', 'Tensile Strength']
| 11,109,248
|
[['D26.255.779'], ['D26.255.830'], ['E05.916', 'J01.897.836'], ['G01.374.850']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Alcoholics Anonymous in a Western U.S. city.
|
Description of two groups of Alcoholics Anonymous includes data on the relationship between attendance during a 4-month period and abstinence at 6-month and 30-month follow-up studies.
|
['Adult', 'Alcoholics Anonymous', 'Alcoholism', 'Evaluation Studies as Topic', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'United States']
| 633,894
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['N03.540.782.270'], ['C25.775.100.250', 'F03.900.100.350'], ['E05.337', 'N05.715.360.335'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Overexpression of heterotrimeric G protein beta subunit gene (OsRGB1) confers both heat and salinity stress tolerance in rice.
|
Constitutive overexpression of the rice heterotrimeric G protein beta subunit gene (RGB1) in the commercial rice cultivar BRRI Dhan 55 resulted in improved tolerance to heat or salinity or their combination. Two independently in planta transformed plants with the gene confirmed to be integrated at T2 by Southern hybridization and showing high expression at the T3 seedling stage showed better physiological performance after 8 days in 120 mM salt stress than the wild type. The plants had significantly lower electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde production, while showing higher levels of chlorophyll. Significantly higher germination at 48 °C or with combined stresses of 42/40 °C day/night stress in the presence of 120 mM salt for 2 days was also observed. Stress responsive genes such as OsAPX1, OsSOD, OsHKT1, OsHSP1, OsHSP2 and OsCOR47 showed higher expression in the RGB1 positive plants. These RGB1 transgenic plants can likely provide a strong defense against climate change.
|
['Gene Expression Regulation, Plant', 'Hot Temperature', 'Oryza', 'Plant Proteins', 'Plants, Genetically Modified', 'Salt Tolerance']
| 31,622,936
|
[['G05.308.375'], ['G01.906.595.543', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710.380', 'G16.500.750.775.710.380', 'N06.230.300.100.725.232', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710.380'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.822.616'], ['D12.776.765'], ['B01.650.520', 'B05.620.600'], ['G07.025.133.250', 'G07.775.813.500', 'G16.012.500.133.250']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Interactive feature finding in liquid chromatography mass spectrometry data.
|
We propose a method for finding features in liquid chromatography mass spectrometry data that is based on the isotopic pattern of peaks. Our interactive approach to feature finding is carried out across many samples simultaneously and aligns features concurrently. Our scale-independent approach prioritises potential features and is easily adaptable to look for features of a particular mass and charge, paired features in isotopically labeled samples, or differentially expressed features. We demonstrate this by identifying features from normal human adult plasma. We highlight properties of plasma data that illustrate the need to visually check the quality of features found prior to further statistical analysis.
|
['Blood Proteins', 'Calibration', 'Chromatography, Liquid', 'Humans', 'Mass Spectrometry', 'Molecular Weight', 'Peptides', 'Proteins', 'Proteomics']
| 17,081,070
|
[['D12.776.124'], ['E05.978.155'], ['E05.196.181.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.196.566'], ['G02.494'], ['D12.644'], ['D12.776'], ['H01.158.201.843', 'H01.158.273.180.350.700', 'H01.158.273.343.350.700', 'H01.181.122.738']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
BSD2 is a Rubisco-specific assembly chaperone, forms intermediary hetero-oligomeric complexes, and is nonlimiting to growth in tobacco.
|
The folding and assembly of Rubisco large and small subunits into L8 S8 holoenzyme in chloroplasts involves many auxiliary factors, including the chaperone BSD2. Here we identify apparent intermediary Rubisco-BSD2 assembly complexes in the model C3 plant tobacco. We show BSD2 and Rubisco content decrease in tandem with leaf age with approximately half of the BSD2 in young leaves (~70 nmol BSD2 protomer.m2 ) stably integrated in putative intermediary Rubisco complexes that account for <0.2% of the L8 S8 pool. RNAi-silencing BSD2 production in transplastomic tobacco producing bacterial L2 Rubisco had no effect on leaf photosynthesis, cell ultrastructure, or plant growth. Genetic crossing the same RNAi-bsd2 alleles into wild-type tobacco however impaired L8 S8 Rubisco production and plant growth, indicating the only critical function of BSD2 is in Rubisco biogenesis. Agrobacterium mediated transient expression of tobacco, Arabidopsis, or maize BSD2 reinstated Rubisco biogenesis in BSD2-silenced tobacco. Overexpressing BSD2 in tobacco chloroplasts however did not alter Rubisco content, activation status, leaf photosynthesis rate, or plant growth in the field or in the glasshouse at 20°C or 35°C. Our findings indicate BSD2 functions exclusively in Rubisco biogenesis, can efficiently facilitate heterologous plant Rubisco assembly, and is produced in amounts nonlimiting to tobacco growth.
|
['Molecular Chaperones', 'Plant Leaves', 'Plant Proteins', 'Plants, Genetically Modified', 'Ribulose-Bisphosphate Carboxylase', 'Tobacco']
| 30,375,663
|
[['D12.776.580'], ['A18.024.812'], ['D12.776.765'], ['B01.650.520', 'B05.620.600'], ['D08.811.520.224.125.800', 'D12.776.765.199.499'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.908.500.900']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Evaluation of a novel nicotine inhaler device: part 2--effect on craving and smoking urges.
|
INTRODUCTION: Many smokers find currently available nicotine replacement therapies unsatisfactory. The pharmacokinetics of nicotine delivered via a novel inhaler device, and its effect on craving satiation and smoking urges, were compared with the Nicorette® Inhalator (10 mg).METHODS: Results are reported for Parts B (N = 24) and D (N = 24) of a 4-part Phase I study. Participants (18-55 years, ? 10 cigarettes/day within 1 hr of waking, expired carbon monoxide >10 ppm on screening) received single doses of nicotine on consecutive days (0.45 and 0.67 mg [Part B] and 0.45 mg [Part D] via the novel device; 10 mg via Nicorette® [Parts B and D]). Venous pharmacokinetics, craving, and tolerability were assessed.RESULTS: In Part B, the novel device 0.45 and 0.67 mg produced significantly lower C max, AUClast, and AUCall than Nicorette® (all p ? .05), higher AUC0-10 and significantly shorter T max (18.7 and 19.2 min vs. 38.0 min, respectively, p ? .05). Craving score AUC was lower for the novel device 0.45 mg than for Nicorette® in Part B (1356.3 vs. 1566.3, p = .029) and approached statistical significance in Part D (1208.5 vs. 1402.3 [p = .059]). Mean craving scores were lower for the novel device 0.45 mg than Nicorette® at 7/8 postdose timepoints in Part B (p ? .05 at 180 and 240 min) and at all timepoints in Part D (p ? .05 at 2, 4, and 10 min).CONCLUSIONS: The novel device was at least as effective as the Nicorette® Inhalator (10mg) in relieving craving and smoking urges and was statistically superior at certain timepoints and in an overall craving AUC analysis, despite lower total nicotine exposure.
|
['Administration, Inhalation', 'Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Area Under Curve', 'Craving', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Lung', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Nebulizers and Vaporizers', 'Nicotine', 'Smoking', 'Smoking Cessation']
| 25,082,830
|
[['E02.319.267.050'], ['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['E05.318.740.200', 'G03.787.101', 'G07.690.725.064', 'N06.850.520.830.200'], ['F01.658.293.195'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A04.411'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E07.605'], ['D03.132.760.570', 'D03.383.725.518'], ['F01.145.805'], ['F01.145.488.732']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Life cycle analysis of fuel production from fast pyrolysis of biomass.
|
A well-to-wheels (WTW) analysis of pyrolysis-based gasoline was conducted and compared with petroleum gasoline. To address the variation and uncertainty in the pyrolysis pathways, probability distributions for key parameters were developed with data from literature. The impacts of two different hydrogen sources for pyrolysis oil upgrading and of two bio-char co-product applications were investigated. Reforming fuel gas/natural gas for H2 reduces WTW GHG emissions by 60% (range of 55-64%) compared to the mean of petroleum fuels. Reforming pyrolysis oil for H2 increases the WTW GHG emissions reduction up to 112% (range of 97-126%), but reduces petroleum savings per unit of biomass used due to the dramatic decline in the liquid fuel yield. Thus, the hydrogen source causes a trade-off between GHG reduction per unit fuel output and petroleum displacement per unit biomass used. Soil application of biochar could provide significant carbon sequestration with large uncertainty.
|
['Biofuels', 'Biomass', 'Biotechnology', 'Carbon', 'Greenhouse Effect', 'Hydrogen', 'Oxygen', 'Renewable Energy', 'Temperature', 'Waste Products', 'Zea mays']
| 23,454,388
|
[['D20.147', 'N06.230.132.644.124'], ['G16.500.275.157.100', 'N06.230.124.100'], ['H01.158.550', 'J01.897.120'], ['D01.268.150'], ['G16.500.175.827', 'N06.230.265'], ['D01.268.406', 'D01.362.340'], ['D01.268.185.550', 'D01.362.670'], ['N06.230.132.644'], ['G01.906.595', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710', 'G16.500.750.775.710', 'N06.230.150.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710'], ['D20.944', 'N06.850.460.710'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.822.966']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
A comparison of pentobarbital, fentanyl-droperidol, ketamine-xylazine and ketamine-diazepam anesthesia in adult male rats.
|
Proper use of anesthetics is of paramount importance for humane animal care. Current research trends show a greater reliance on rats for laboratory investigations. This study compared several dosages for four different drugs, (pentobarbital, fentanyl-droperidol, ketamine-xylazine and ketamine-diazepam) for use in the laboratory rat. Each drug was evaluated in respect to its onset, duration of effect, recovery, adverse effects and mortality. A quantitative assessment of the depth of anesthesia also was obtained for all dosages of each drug. Results showed that all tested dosages of pentobarbital, ketamine-xylazine and ketamine-diazepam were suitable anesthetics for use in the laboratory rat. Low dosages of fentanyl-droperidol (Innovar-Vet), however, appeared to produce a state known as neuroleptanalgesia as opposed to anesthesia seen with the other agents.
|
['Anesthesia, General', 'Anesthetics', 'Animals', 'Diazepam', 'Droperidol', 'Drug Combinations', 'Fentanyl', 'Injections, Intraperitoneal', 'Ketamine', 'Male', 'Pentobarbital', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Strains', 'Xylazine']
| 3,437,748
|
[['E03.155.197'], ['D27.505.696.277.100', 'D27.505.954.427.210.100'], ['B01.050'], ['D03.633.100.079.080.070.216'], ['D02.522.352.343', 'D03.633.100.103.393'], ['D26.310'], ['D03.383.621.265'], ['E02.319.267.530.490'], ['D02.455.426.392.368.367.652'], ['D03.383.742.698.253.593'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400'], ['D02.886.665.985', 'D03.383.855.985']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Esophageal lichen planus.
|
Lichen planus is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects the skin, mucous membranes, nails and scalp. Esophageal lichen planus is a rarely reported manifestation of lichen planus, presenting itself commonly in middle-aged women, with symptoms such as dysphagia. We report a case of esophageal lichen planus in a 54-year-old woman associated with oral, cutaneous and ungual lichen planus. Although lichen planus is a disorder well known by dermatologists, reports of esophageal lichen planus are rare in dermatologic literature. The esophageal lichen planus is little known and underdiagnosed, with a significant delay between the onset of symptoms and diagnosis.
|
['Biopsy', 'Esophageal Diseases', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Lichen Planus', 'Middle Aged', 'Mouth Mucosa', 'Skin']
| 26,131,872
|
[['E01.370.225.500.384.100', 'E01.370.225.998.054', 'E01.370.388.100', 'E04.074', 'E05.200.500.384.100', 'E05.200.998.054', 'E05.242.384.100'], ['C06.405.117'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C17.800.859.475.560'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['A10.615.550.599', 'A14.549.512'], ['A17.815']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Rainfall is a risk factor for sporadic cases of Legionella pneumophila pneumonia.
|
It is not known whether rainfall increases the risk of sporadic cases of Legionella pneumonia. We sought to test this hypothesis in a prospective observational cohort study of non-immunosuppressed adults hospitalized for community-acquired pneumonia (1995-2011). Cases with Legionella pneumonia were compared with those with non-Legionella pneumonia. Using daily rainfall data obtained from the regional meteorological service we examined patterns of rainfall over the days prior to admission in each study group. Of 4168 patients, 231 (5.5%) had Legionella pneumonia. The diagnosis was based on one or more of the following: sputum (41 cases), antigenuria (206) and serology (98). Daily rainfall average was 0.556 liters/m(2) in the Legionella pneumonia group vs. 0.328 liters/m(2) for non-Legionella pneumonia cases (p = 0.04). A ROC curve was plotted to compare the incidence of Legionella pneumonia and the weighted median rainfall. The cut-off point was 0.42 (AUC 0.54). Patients who were admitted to hospital with a prior weighted median rainfall higher than 0.42 were more likely to have Legionella pneumonia (OR 1.35; 95% CI 1.02-1.78; p = .03). Spearman Rho correlations revealed a relationship between Legionella pneumonia and rainfall average during each two-week reporting period (0.14; p = 0.003). No relationship was found between rainfall average and non-Legionella pneumonia cases (-0.06; p = 0.24). As a conclusion, rainfall is a significant risk factor for sporadic Legionella pneumonia. Physicians should carefully consider Legionella pneumonia when selecting diagnostic tests and antimicrobial therapy for patients presenting with CAP after periods of rainfall.
|
['Humans', 'Legionella pneumophila', "Legionnaires' Disease", 'Pneumonia', 'Rain', 'Risk Factors']
| 23,613,778
|
[['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['B03.440.400.425.450.450.500', 'B03.660.250.460.460.580'], ['C01.150.252.400.500.501', 'C01.748.382.380', 'C08.730.382.380'], ['C01.748.610', 'C08.381.677', 'C08.730.610'], ['G16.500.175.859', 'G16.500.275.063.725.395', 'G16.500.750.775.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.450', 'N06.230.520'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
4D scanning transmission ultrafast electron microscopy: Single-particle imaging and spectroscopy.
|
We report the development of 4D scanning transmission ultrafast electron microscopy (ST-UEM). The method was demonstrated in the imaging of silver nanowires and gold nanoparticles. For the wire, the mechanical motion and shape morphological dynamics were imaged, and from the images we obtained the resonance frequency and the dephasing time of the motion. Moreover, we demonstrate here the simultaneous acquisition of dark-field images and electron energy loss spectra from a single gold nanoparticle, which is not possible with conventional methods. The local probing capabilities of ST-UEM open new avenues for probing dynamic processes, from single isolated to embedded nanostructures, without being affected by the heterogeneous processes of ensemble-averaged dynamics. Such methodology promises to have wide-ranging applications in materials science and in single-particle biological imaging.
|
['Gold', 'Metal Nanoparticles', 'Microscopy, Electron, Scanning Transmission', 'Molecular Imaging', 'Nanowires', 'Silver', 'Spectrum Analysis', 'Time Factors']
| 21,615,171
|
[['D01.268.556.322', 'D01.268.956.186', 'D01.552.544.322'], ['J01.637.512.600.500'], ['E01.370.350.515.402.580.480', 'E05.595.402.580.480'], ['E01.370.350.557', 'E05.601.555'], ['J01.637.512.925'], ['D01.268.556.812', 'D01.268.956.843', 'D01.552.544.812'], ['E05.196.867'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Low serum selenium concentrations are associated with poor grip strength among older women living in the community.
|
Aging is associated with a loss of muscle strength, and, in turn, loss of muscle strength has been associated with increased risk of frailty, disability and mortality. The factors that contribute to loss of muscle strength with aging have not been well characterized. Selenium is important in normal muscle function because of its role in selenoenzymes that protect muscle against oxidative damage. We hypothesized that low serum selenium concentrations were associated with poor grip strength. We examined the association between serum selenium and hand grip strength among 676 moderately to severely disabled community-dwelling women in the Women's Health and Aging Study I in Baltimore, Maryland. After adjusting for age, race, body mass index, Mini-Mental Status Examination score, current smoking, hypertension, congestive heart failure and depression, serum selenium was associated with grip strength (P=0.04). This study supports the idea that selenium is important to muscle strength in older women.
|
['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Aging', 'Baltimore', 'Disabled Persons', 'Female', 'Hand Strength', 'Humans', 'Linear Models', 'Multivariate Analysis', 'Muscle Strength', 'Selenium', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', "Women's Health"]
| 17,611,292
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['G07.345.124'], ['Z01.107.567.875.500.500.100', 'Z01.433.100'], ['M01.150'], ['E01.370.600.425.500', 'G11.427.560.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.740.500.500', 'E05.318.740.750.425', 'E05.599.835.750', 'N05.715.360.750.530.460', 'N05.715.360.750.695.460', 'N06.850.520.830.500.500', 'N06.850.520.830.750.425'], ['E05.318.740.150.500', 'N05.715.360.750.125.500', 'N06.850.520.830.150.500'], ['E01.370.600.425', 'G11.427.560'], ['D01.268.185.850', 'D01.578.700'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['N01.400.900']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Intralesional Triamcinolone for Fistulous Tracts in Hidradenitis Suppurativa: An Uncontrolled Prospective Trial with Clinical and Ultrasonographic Follow-Up.
|
BACKGROUND: There is little evidence on the use of intralesional triamcinolone (ILT) for managing fistulous tracts in hidradenitis suppurativa (HS).OBJECTIVE: To assess the clinical and ultrasound response to ILT for single fistulous lesions in HS patients.METHODS: A prospective open-label study was conducted to assess response to ILT (40 mg/mL) for fistulous tracts in HS. Consecutive patients (Hurley II stage exclusively) presenting to our department were recruited from August 2016 to August 2018. They received a single injection of ILT as the sole treatment. Lesions were assessed clinically and by ultrasound at baseline and 90 days.RESULTS: Of the 53 included HS patients with fistulous tracts, 36 (67.9%) were women, 30 (56.6%) were smokers, and 36 (67.9%) were obese or overweight (body mass index ?25). Median Sartorius score was 9.0 (IQR 9.0-36.0), and median duration of the lesion treated was 6 months (IQR 3.0-12.0). Fistulous tracts were injected with 0.5 mL triamcinolone 40 mg/mL. Seven patients were lost to follow-up. At 90 days, 20 (43.5%) lesions showed clinical and ultrasound resolution, 13 (28.3%) showed only clinical resolution while persisting on ultrasound, and 13 (28.3%) persisted both clinically and on ultrasound. Mean clinical size decreased from 17.0 to 5.1 mm (p < 0.0001), while mean length on ultrasound decreased from 16.0 to 8.6 mm (p < 0.0001).LIMITATIONS: Small sample size and no control group.CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggests that ILT is beneficial for small fistulous tracts in HS.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Anti-Inflammatory Agents', 'Cutaneous Fistula', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Hidradenitis Suppurativa', 'Humans', 'Infusions, Intralesional', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Overweight', 'Prospective Studies', 'Severity of Illness Index', 'Triamcinolone', 'Ultrasonography', 'Young Adult']
| 31,141,811
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['D27.505.954.158'], ['C17.800.135', 'C23.300.575.150'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['C01.150.252.819.420', 'C01.800.720.420', 'C01.830.499', 'C17.800.838.765.420', 'C17.800.946.315.320'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.319.267.510.555'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C23.888.144.699', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120.699', 'G07.100.100.160.120.699'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475.456.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.364.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.364.500'], ['D04.210.500.745.432.915', 'D04.210.500.908.891'], ['E01.370.350.850'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Linezolid-associated thrombocytopenia.
|
A 76-year-old man with end-stage renal disease and multiple comorbidities developed progressive thrombocytopenia while receiving linezolid therapy. His platelet count dropped by more than 50% from the baseline after one week of treatment. He subsequently experienced active gastrointestinal bleeding requiring blood transfusion. Drug-induced thrombocytopenia was suspected, and linezolid was discontinued after 10 days of therapy. However, his platelet count continued to decline and reached a nadir of 31 ? 103/mm3 on day 13 of his hospital stay. This hematologic adverse effect resolved within nine days after linezolid cessation (day 19). Multiple risk factors for developing linezolid-associated thrombocytopenia were identified in this patient. The accumulation of linezolid and its metabolites because of reduced renal clearance may be contributory to this adverse drug reaction. Clinicians should be vigilant in monitoring platelet counts in elderly patients who are receiving linezolid, especially in those who are at risk for bleeds or who have end-stage renal disease.
|
['Acetamides', 'Aged', 'Anti-Infective Agents', 'Drug Monitoring', 'Humans', 'Kidney Failure, Chronic', 'Linezolid', 'Male', 'Oxazolidinones', 'Platelet Count', 'Risk Factors', 'Thrombocytopenia']
| 22,910,131
|
[['D02.065.064', 'D02.241.081.018.110'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D27.505.954.122'], ['E01.370.520.200'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C12.777.419.780.750.500', 'C13.351.968.419.780.750.500'], ['D02.065.064.463', 'D02.241.081.018.110.525', 'D03.383.129.462.600.550'], ['D03.383.129.462.600'], ['E01.370.225.500.195.107.740', 'E01.370.225.625.107.700', 'E01.370.225.625.625.625', 'E05.200.500.195.107.740', 'E05.200.625.107.700', 'E05.200.625.625.625', 'E05.242.195.107.740', 'G04.140.107.740', 'G09.188.105.700'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['C15.378.140.855']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Detection of 1q polysomy in interphase nuclei of human solid tumors with a biotinylated probe.
|
A biotinylated probe (L23-21) specific for the 1q12 band of human karyotype was used to detect the 1q segment in interphase nuclei of breast and colon carcinomas. This probe was selected because trisomy or polysomy 1q is the most frequent chromosomal change observed in solid tumors. This method enables cancerous cells, including near-diploid ones carrying an unbalanced rearrangement of 1q, to be easily identified.
|
['Biotin', 'Breast Neoplasms', 'Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating', 'Cell Nucleus', 'Cell Separation', 'Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1', 'Colonic Neoplasms', 'DNA Probes', 'Flow Cytometry', 'Humans', 'Interphase', 'Karyotyping', 'Trisomy', 'Tumor Cells, Cultured']
| 2,539,324
|
[['D03.383.129.308.080', 'D08.211.096'], ['C04.588.180', 'C17.800.090.500'], ['C04.557.470.200.025.275', 'C04.557.470.200.240.187.250', 'C04.557.470.615.275'], ['A11.284.430.106', 'A11.284.430.214.190.875.117'], ['E01.370.225.500.363', 'E05.200.500.363', 'E05.242.363'], ['A11.284.187.520.300.235.240', 'G05.360.162.520.300.235.240'], ['C04.588.274.476.411.307.180', 'C06.301.371.411.307.180', 'C06.405.249.411.307.180', 'C06.405.469.158.356.180', 'C06.405.469.491.307.180'], ['D13.444.600.223', 'D27.505.259.750.600.223', 'D27.720.470.530.600.223'], ['E01.370.225.500.363.342', 'E01.370.225.500.386.350', 'E05.196.712.516.600.240.350', 'E05.200.500.363.342', 'E05.200.500.386.350', 'E05.242.363.342', 'E05.242.386.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G04.144.500'], ['E01.370.225.500.385.315', 'E05.200.500.385.315', 'E05.242.385.315', 'E05.393.285.475'], ['C23.550.210.050.750', 'C23.550.210.182.500', 'G05.365.590.175.050.750', 'G05.365.590.175.183.500', 'G05.700.131.750'], ['A11.251.860']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Effects of Cd contamination on paddy soil microbial biomass and enzyme activities and rice physiological indices].
|
A pot experiment with rice under submerged condition showed that with the increase of Cd concentration, soil microbial biomass carbon (Cmic) and nitrogen (Nmic) increased initially but decreased at a certain concentration, and the turning points varied with different soil types. Soil enzyme activities had the similar variation trend with soil Cmic and Nmic, and the turning points varied with different soil types and soil enzymes. The variation coefficients were in order of dehydrogenase activity > acid phophatase activity > urease activity. Soil respiration rate and metabolic quotient increased tardily with increasing cadmium concentration. The chlorophyll content of rice increased initially but decreased then with the increase of Cd contamination, and the turning points differed with different soil types. Rice proline content and peroxidase activity were enhanced gradually with increasing cadmium concentration. The variation coefficients of rice physiological indices on paddy soils derived from silty loam and clayed red earth were in order of peroxidase activity > chlorophyll content > proline content, and peroxidase activity > proline content > chlorophyll content, respectively. Correlation analysis indicated that there was a close correlation between the variations of soil microbial biomass and enzymatic activities and rice physiological indices under Cd contamination.
|
['Cadmium', 'Oryza', 'Oxidoreductases', 'Peroxidase', 'Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases', 'Soil', 'Soil Microbiology', 'Soil Pollutants']
| 16,471,360
|
[['D01.268.556.137', 'D01.268.956.061', 'D01.552.544.137'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.822.616'], ['D08.811.682'], ['D08.811.682.732.700'], ['D08.811.277.352.650'], ['D20.721', 'G01.311.820', 'G16.500.275.815', 'N06.230.600'], ['H01.158.273.540.274.555', 'N06.850.425.300'], ['D27.888.284.756']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Effect of the Escherichia coli EMO strain on experimental infection by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium in gnotobiotic mice.
|
An experimental infection with Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium was evaluated in gnotobiotic mice previously exposed to a plasmid-free non-pathogenic Escherichia coli (EMO strain). Mice were exposed to EMO (experimental) or not (control) 10 days before challenge with Salmonella Typhimurium (10(2) colony forming units (CFU)/mouse). Survival after challenge was higher (P < 0.05) in the experimental group (16%) than in the control animals (0%). Histopathological examination of the colon and ileum mucosa of the experimental group showed less extensive lesions such as edema, cell inflammatory infiltration and hyperemia. The epithelial cells of the mucosal surface and the production of the mucous layer were also better preserved in the experimental group. The population levels of Salmonella Typhimurium in the feces were initially 10-fold lower (P < 0.05) in the experimental groups. However, 3 days after challenge both experimental and control groups showed similar population levels ranging from 10(8) to 10(9) CFU/g of feces. The intestinal contents of total and anti-Salmonella Typhimurium sIgA were higher in the experimental groups 10 days after inoculation of E. coli EMO strain. Translocation of Salmonella Typhimurium to the spleen was 10-fold lower (P < 0.05) in the experimental group only on day 3 after infection. This was not related to an increase in the bacterial blood clearance of the animals, as shown by experimental venous challenge with E. coli B41. In conclusion, treatment of mice with E. coli EMO strain promoted a relative protection against experimental infection with Salmonella Typhimurium. This protection was not due to the reduction of the population of pathogens in the intestine but was probably related to stimulation of the immune response.
|
['Animals', 'Colon', 'Escherichia coli', 'Feces', 'Female', 'Germ-Free Life', 'Humans', 'Ileum', 'Intestinal Mucosa', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Probiotics', 'Salmonella Infections, Animal', 'Salmonella typhimurium']
| 15,264,007
|
[['B01.050'], ['A03.556.124.526.356', 'A03.556.249.249.356'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['A12.459'], ['G06.320'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A03.556.124.684.249', 'A03.556.249.124'], ['A03.556.124.369', 'A10.615.550.444'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['G07.203.300.456.500', 'J02.500.456.500'], ['C01.150.252.400.310.821.706', 'C22.812'], ['B03.440.450.425.800.200.825', 'B03.660.250.150.710.160.760']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Vitamin D status and breast cancer in Saudi Arabian women: case-control study.
|
BACKGROUND: The role of vitamin D in breast cancer prevention is equivocal. Saudi Arabian women may be at greater risk of vitamin D deficiency because of a darker skin type and a greater likelihood of reduced ultraviolet B radiation exposure. Data regarding the vitamin D status of Saudi Arabian women and its relation to breast cancer risk are lacking.OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this research was to evaluate the association between circulating concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and breast cancer risk in Saudi Arabian women.DESIGN: A case-control study was conducted among 120 breast cancer cases and 120 controls. The study population was drawn from patients admitted to King Fahd Hospital in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, from June to August 2009. Participants completed questionnaires on diet and medical history, and serum samples were collected from all women to measure circulating 25(OH)D concentrations.RESULTS: The participants had a mean age of 47.8 y and a mean body mass index (BMI; in kg/m(2)) of 30.0. Breast cancer cases had significantly lower (mean ± SD) serum concentrations of 25(OH)D (9.4 ± 6.4 ng/mL) than did controls (15.4 ± 12.3 ng/mL; P = 0.001). In comparison with those in the highest category of vitamin D status for this population (?20 ng/mL), the adjusted ORs (95% CIs) for invasive breast cancer were 6.1 (2.4, 15.1) for women with a serum 25(OH)D concentration <10 ng/mL and 4.0 (1.6, 10.4) for women with a serum concentration of ?10 to <20 ng/mL (P-trend = 0.0001).CONCLUSION: An inverse association exists between serum 25(OH)D concentrations and breast cancer risk in Saudi Arabian women. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01817231.
|
['Adult', 'Body Mass Index', 'Breast Neoplasms', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Logistic Models', 'Middle Aged', 'Nutritional Status', 'Prevalence', 'Risk Factors', 'Saudi Arabia', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Vitamin D', 'Vitamin D Deficiency']
| 23,697,705
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.125', 'E05.041.124.125', 'G07.100.100.125', 'N06.850.505.200.100.175'], ['C04.588.180', 'C17.800.090.500'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['E05.196.181.400.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.740.500.525', 'E05.318.740.600.800.450', 'E05.318.740.750.450', 'E05.599.835.875', 'N05.715.360.750.530.480', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.450', 'N05.715.360.750.695.470', 'N06.850.520.830.500.525', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.450', 'N06.850.520.830.750.450'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G07.203.650.650', 'N01.224.425.525'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['Z01.252.245.500.750'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['D04.210.500.812.768'], ['C18.654.521.500.133.770']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Early exposure of 17á-ethynylestradiol and diethylstilbestrol induces morphological changes and alters ovarian steroidogenic pathway enzyme gene expression in catfish, Clarias gariepinus.
|
Environmental estrogens are major cause of endocrine disruption in vertebrates, including aquatic organisms. Teleosts are valuable and popular models for studying the effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in the environment. In the present study, we investigated the changes caused by exposure to the synthetic estrogens 17á-ethynylestradiol (EE2 ) and diethylstilbesterol (DES) during early stages of growth and sex differentiation of air-breathing catfish, Clarias gariepinus, at the morphological, histological, and molecular levels. Catfish hatchlings, 0 day post hatch (dph) were exposed continuously to sublethal doses of EE2 (50 ng/L) and DES (10 ng/L) until 50 dph and subsequently monitored for ovarian structural changes and alteration in the gene expression of steroidogenic enzymes till adulthood. Treated fish exhibited morphological deformities such as spinal curvature, stunted growth, and yolk-sac fluid retention. In addition to ovarian atrophy, DES-treated fish showed either rudimentary or malformed ovaries. Detailed histological studies revealed precocious oocyte development as well as follicular atresia. Further, transcript levels of various steroidogenic enzyme and transcription factor genes were altered in response to EE2 and DES. Activity of the rate-limiting enzyme of estrogen biosynthesis, aromatase, in the ovary as well as the brain of treated fish was in accordance with transcript level changes. These developmental and molecular effects imparted by EE2 and DES during early life stages of catfish could demonstrate the deleterious effects of estrogen exposure and provide reliable markers for estrogenic EDCs exposure in the environment.
|
['Animals', 'Aromatase', 'Catfishes', 'Diethylstilbestrol', 'Endocrine Disruptors', 'Estrogens', 'Ethinyl Estradiol', 'Female', 'Gene Expression', 'Ovary']
| 24,273,110
|
[['B01.050'], ['D08.244.453.489.500', 'D08.244.453.915.099', 'D08.811.682.690.708.170.447.500', 'D08.811.682.690.708.170.915.099', 'D12.776.422.220.453.489.500', 'D12.776.422.220.453.915.099'], ['B01.050.150.900.493.080'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.150.700.725.500'], ['D27.505.696.353', 'D27.888.141'], ['D27.505.696.399.472.277'], ['D04.210.500.668.651.568.291', 'D06.472.334.851.437.968.500'], ['G05.297'], ['A05.360.319.114.630', 'A05.360.576.497', 'A06.300.312.497']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Leukotriene C4 receptors in cultured smooth muscle cells from bovine anterior cerebral arteries and microcerebrovasculatures.
|
Specific receptors for leukotriene C4 (LTC4) were identified on smooth muscle cells isolated from bovine anterior cerebral arteries (BACASMC) and bovine microcerebrovasculatures (BMSMC). [3H]LTC4 specific bindings to both cells at a fixed input reached the maxima at 60 min and 20 min, respectively. With incremental inputs of radioligand and a constant cell number, [3H]LTC4 specific bindings reached a plateau indicative of a saturable binding site. Analysis of Scatchard plots demonstrated a single population of high-affinity binding sites in both cells. The dissociation constant (Kd) for BACASMC was 39.2 +/- 1.3 nmol.L-1 and its Bmax was 19.3 +/- 2.1 pmol/10(6) cells. For BMSMC, Kd = 2.0 +/- 0.4 nmol.L-1, Bmax = 157 +/- 13 fmol/10(6) cells. The specific [3H]LTC4 bindings was inhibited by unlabeled LTC4, LTD4 and FPL-55712 (an SRS-A antagonist). The inhibitory rates for BACASMC were 70.4% and 35.3% by LTC4 and FPL-55712 at 1 mumol.L-1, respectively. For BMSMC the inhibitory rates were 96.9%, 73.9%, and 44.9% by LTC4, LTD4, and FPL-55712 at 10 mumol.L-1, respectively.
|
['Animals', 'Binding Sites', 'Capillaries', 'Cattle', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Cerebral Arteries', 'Chromones', 'Microcirculation', 'Muscle, Smooth, Vascular', 'Radioligand Assay', 'Receptors, Immunologic', 'Receptors, Leukotriene', 'SRS-A']
| 1,338,860
|
[['B01.050'], ['G02.111.570.120'], ['A07.015.461.165'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['A11.251'], ['A07.015.114.228'], ['D03.383.663.283.266', 'D03.633.100.150.266'], ['G09.330.100.645'], ['A02.633.570.491', 'A07.015.733.500', 'A10.690.467.491'], ['E01.370.225.985', 'E01.370.374.650', 'E01.370.384.720', 'E05.200.985'], ['D12.776.543.750.705'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.200.450'], ['D10.251.355.255.100.450.855', 'D10.251.355.310.166.887.855', 'D23.469.050.175.450.725']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Oxidative stress and Nrf2 expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells derived from COPD patients: an observational longitudinal study.
|
BACKGROUND: A persistent low inflammatory-oxidative status and the inadequacy of the antioxidant nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) have been implicated in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) progression. Therefore this study was aimed to assess the association between lung function decline and oxidative-inflammatory markers and Nrf2 signaling pathway expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) over time.METHODS: 33 mild-moderate COPD outpatients (mean age 66.9 ± 6.9 years) were age-sex matched with 37 no-COPD subjects. A clinical evaluation, blood sampling tests and a spirometry were performed at baseline and after a mean follow-up of 49.7 ± 6.9 months.RESULTS: In COPD, compared to no-COPD, we found a faster lung function decline at follow-up. Although similar prevalence of smoking, hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidemia, systemic markers of inflammation (hs-CRP and white blood cells, WBCs) and oxidative stress (8-isoprostane) were significantly increased in COPD at follow-up, while the antioxidant glutathione (GSH) was significantly reduced. Moreover the expression of Nrf2 and of Nrf2-related genes heme oxygenase (HO)-1 and glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic (GCLC) subunit in PBMCS were significantly down-regulated in COPD at follow-up, whereas no changes were observed in no-COPD. The percent variation (Ä) of FEV1 detected after the follow-up in COPD patients was directly correlated with ÄNrf2 (r = 0.826 p < 0.001), ÄHO-1 (r = 0.820, p < 0.001) and ÄGCLC (r = 0.840, p < 0.001). Moreover ÄFEV1 was also directly correlated with ÄGSH (r = 0.595, p < 0.01) and inversely correlated with Ä8-iso (r = - 0.587, p < 0.01) and with baseline smoking history (r = - 0.39, p < 0.03). No correlation was found between ÄFEV1, ÄCRP and ÄWBCs. By means of hierarchical stepwise multiple linear regression, taking into account other baseline key factors related to FEV1, ÄNrf2, ÄHO-1and ÄGCLC were found to be significant predictors of ÄFEV1, explaining 89.5% of its variance.CONCLUSIONS: Although our results must be confirmed in larger trial they suggest that the down-regulation of Nrf2/ARE gene expression in PBMCs may be one of the determinants of FEV1 decline and of COPD progression. Therefore the future possibility to counteract Nrf2 decline in COPD patients may help in reducing the negative effects of the oxidative stress-induced progression of the disease.
|
['Aged', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Gene Expression', 'Humans', 'Leukocytes, Mononuclear', 'Longitudinal Studies', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'NF-E2-Related Factor 2', 'Oxidative Stress', 'Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive', 'Spirometry']
| 32,000,766
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['G05.297'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A11.118.637.555', 'A15.145.229.637.555', 'A15.382.490.555'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D12.776.260.108.737', 'D12.776.930.127.737'], ['G03.673', 'G07.775.750'], ['C08.381.495.389'], ['E01.370.386.700.750']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Differential inhibitory effects of mu-opioids on substance P- and capsaicin-induced nociceptive behavior in mice.
|
The antinociceptive mechanisms of the selective mu-opioid receptor agonists [D-Ala2,NMePhe4,Gly(ol)5]enkephalin (DAMGO), H-Tyr-D-Arg-Phe-beta-Ala-OH (TAPA) or H-Tyr-D-Arg-Phe-beta-Ala-NH2 (TAPA-NH2) against substance P (SP)- or capsaicin-elicited nociceptive behaviors was investigated in mice. DAMGO, TAPA or TAPA-NH2 given intrathecally inhibited the nociceptive behaviors elicited by intrathecally administered SP or capsaicin, and these antinociceptive effects were completely eliminated by intrathecal co-administration with D-Phe-Cys-Tyr-D-Trp-Orn-Thr-Pen-Thr-NH2 (CTOP), a selective mu-opioid receptor antagonist. Pretreatment subcutaneously with naloxonazine, a selective mu1-opioid receptor antagonist, partially attenuated the antinociceptive effect of TAPA-NH2, but not DAMGO and TAPA, against SP. However, the antinociception induced by TAPA, but not DAMGO and TAPA-NH2, against capsaicin was significantly inhibited by naloxonazine. On the other hand, co-administration intrathecally with Tyr-D-Pro-Trp-Gly-NH2 (D-Pro2-Tyr-W-MIF-1), a selective mu2-opioid receptor antagonist, significantly attenuated the antinociceptive effects of DAMGO, but not TAPA and TAPA-NH2, against capsaicin, while the antinociceptions induced by three opioid peptides against SP were significantly inhibited by D-Pro2-Tyr-W-MIF-1. These results suggest that differential inhibitory mechanisms on pre- and postsynaptic sites in the spinal cord contribute to the antinociceptive effects of the three mu-opioid peptides.
|
['Analgesics, Opioid', 'Animals', 'Capsaicin', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Narcotics', 'Pain', 'Pain Measurement', 'Receptors, Opioid, mu', 'Substance P']
| 16,226,344
|
[['D27.505.696.277.600.500', 'D27.505.696.663.850.014.760.500', 'D27.505.954.427.040.550.500', 'D27.505.954.427.210.600.500'], ['B01.050'], ['D02.065.690.500', 'D02.455.326.271.690.222', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.099', 'D03.132.760.200', 'D10.251.355.325.190'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['D27.505.696.277.600', 'D27.505.696.663.850.014.760', 'D27.505.954.427.040.550', 'D27.505.954.427.210.600'], ['C23.888.592.612', 'F02.830.816.444', 'G11.561.790.444'], ['E01.370.600.550.324'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.620.550', 'D12.776.543.750.720.600.610.550', 'D12.776.543.750.750.555.610.550'], ['D12.644.276.812.900.866', 'D12.644.400.800.750', 'D12.644.456.800.866', 'D12.776.467.812.900.866', 'D12.776.631.650.800.750', 'D23.469.050.375.850.890', 'D23.529.812.900.866']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Early experience with the GIFT procedure.
|
Gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT) was performed in 19 cycles on 15 couples whose infertility had proven resistant to other treatments. Indications included infertility associated with immunologic factors, seminal deficiencies, endometriosis and infertility without a diagnosed etiology. Any history or finding of tubal disease served as an exclusion. Infertility was primary in ten couples and secondary in five, three of whom had conceived previously with a semen donor. Stimulation protocols included clomiphene citrate (CC) and human menopausal gonadotropins, CC alone and gonadotropins alone. Males were screened with the hamster egg sperm penetration assay. Four conceptions were recorded, and three are ongoing. Advantages of this procedure include acceptance by the major orthodox religions, avoidance of extracorporeal incubation and physiologic entry of the embryo into the uterine cavity. Disadvantages include the inability to determine if fertilization has occurred in the absence of pregnancy, the theoretical risk of increased ectopic gestation and tubal infection, and perhaps an increase in multiple gestations.
|
['Adult', 'Chorionic Gonadotropin', 'Fallopian Tubes', 'Female', 'Fertilization in Vitro', 'Humans', 'Infertility, Female', 'Infertility, Male', 'Laparoscopy', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Pregnancy', 'Prognosis']
| 2,940,366
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D06.472.699.322.326', 'D06.472.699.649.367', 'D12.644.548.726.367', 'D12.776.780.400'], ['A05.360.319.114.373', 'A13.706.500'], ['E02.875.800.750', 'E05.820.800.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C13.351.500.365.700'], ['C12.294.365.700'], ['E01.370.388.250.520', 'E04.502.250.520'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['E01.789']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
[Two cases of Bacillus infection and immunodepression].
|
OBJECTIVE: Members of the genus Bacillus are Gram-positive bacilli, ubiquitous in the environment. When isolated in clinical practice, it is frequently considered as due to environmental contamination. Bacillus cereus is the most frequent species isolated in clinical practice, nevertheless other Bacillus spp. are sometimes isolated. Bacillus bacteremia is uncommon, the affected patients are severely ill and frequently immunocompromised with hematological malignancies.STUDY DESIGN: Two cases of bloodstream infection due to Bacillus species rarely described before are described, one due to Bacillus macerans and the other to Bacillus pumilus. Both patients presented with severe bacteremia and were immunodepressed after recent chemotherapy. They died a few days after admission to our ICU.CONCLUSION: The initial report of Bacillus spp. isolated in blood culture in oncohematological patients indicates a potentially severe infection.
|
['Amoxicillin', 'Anti-Bacterial Agents', 'Bacillus', 'Bacterial Infections', 'Ceftriaxone', 'Ciprofloxacin', 'Clavulanic Acid', 'Drug Therapy, Combination', 'Humans', 'Immunosuppression', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Sepsis', 'Shock, Septic', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 18,976,873
|
[['D02.065.589.099.750.750.050.050', 'D02.886.108.750.750.050.050', 'D03.633.100.300.750.750.050.050'], ['D27.505.954.122.085'], ['B03.300.390.400.158.218', 'B03.353.500.100.218', 'B03.510.100.100.218', 'B03.510.415.400.158.218', 'B03.510.460.410.158.218'], ['C01.150.252'], ['D02.065.589.099.249.190.190.155', 'D02.886.665.074.190.190.155', 'D03.633.100.300.249.190.190.155'], ['D03.633.100.810.835.322.186'], ['D02.065.589.099.374.160', 'D03.633.100.300.374.160'], ['E02.319.310'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.095.465.425.450', 'E05.478.610'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C01.757', 'C23.550.470.790.500'], ['C01.757.800', 'C23.550.470.790.500.800', 'C23.550.835.900.712'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Forehead and brow lifts and their relationship to blepharoplasty.
|
The brows and forehead are important considerations in planning a blepharoplasty. Forehead wrinkles, ptotic brows, and frown lines can be corrected effectively and safely with minimal complications at the time of, and prior to, the blepharoplasty. Various approaches that we use are presented here. The surgical procedure selected should reflect the defect present and the surgeon's preference.
|
['Blepharoptosis', 'Dermabrasion', 'Dermatologic Surgical Procedures', 'Face', 'Forehead', 'Humans', 'Surgery, Plastic']
| 420,484
|
[]
|
[]
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Transient overexpression of catalase does not inhibit TNF- or PMA-induced NF-kappa B activation.
|
H2O2 has been proposed as a second messenger involved in cell signaling for NF-kappa B activation. In the present study, this hypothesis was tested by transiently overexpressing catalase, a specific scavenger of H2O2, in COS-1 cells. A mammalian expression vector was constructed by incorporating catalase gene from pCAT10 clone into the unique EcoRI site of the pSG5 vector which contains the SV-40 promoter. Transient transfection of the catalase expression vector by the DEAE-dextran method led to a four-fold increase in catalase activity and catalase content as detected by immunoblot analysis. This level of increase was detected in both nuclear/mitochondrial- and cytosolic/microsomal fractions. Overexpression of catalase, however, did not block TNF- or PMA-induced NF-kappa B activation. These results weaken the hypothesis that H2O2 is a second messenger for TNF- and PMA-signaling for NF-kappa B activation.
|
['Animals', 'Base Sequence', 'Catalase', 'Cell Line', 'Gene Expression', 'Hydrogen Peroxide', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'NF-kappa B', 'Oligodeoxyribonucleotides', 'Signal Transduction', 'Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate', 'Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha']
| 7,755,631
|
[['B01.050'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['D08.811.682.732.332'], ['A11.251.210'], ['G05.297'], ['D01.248.497.158.685.750.424', 'D01.339.431.374.424', 'D01.650.550.750.400', 'D02.389.338.253'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['D05.500.672', 'D12.776.260.600', 'D12.776.660.600', 'D12.776.930.600'], ['D13.695.578.424.450'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['D02.455.849.291.500.510.850'], ['D12.644.276.374.500.800', 'D12.644.276.374.750.626', 'D12.776.124.900', 'D12.776.395.930', 'D12.776.467.374.500.800', 'D12.776.467.374.750.626', 'D23.529.374.500.800', 'D23.529.374.750.626']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Insulin-like growth factor 2 and short-range stimulatory loops in control of human placental growth.
|
Substructures of the first-trimester human placenta (within 3 months post-conception) display 'pseudo-malignant' properties. We show here, by in situ hybridization, that the insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF-2) gene expression is particularly active in the cytotrophoblasts, which dominate these structures. Because the majority of placental IGF-2 mRNA is polysomal in extracts of first-trimester placenta, the spatial pattern of IGF-2 transcripts generally also defines the pattern of IGF-2 production. In primary trophoblast cultures, rendered quiescent by serum starvation. IGF-2 performs as a human embryonic growth factor by activating cell cycle entry/progression. Although both type 1 and 2 IGF receptor mRNAs can be found co-distributed with IGF-2 mRNA during placental development (supporting an autocrine role for IGF-2), these occasional patterns are confined to cytotrophoblasts with low proliferative potential. The reciprocity in ligand and receptor expression patterns are discussed in terms of rate-limiting steps in the involvement of IGF-2 in the proliferative phenotype of the early human placenta.
|
['Cell Division', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Female', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Genes', 'Homeostasis', 'Humans', 'Insulin-Like Growth Factor II', 'Nucleic Acid Hybridization', 'Placenta', 'Pregnancy', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Receptors, Cell Surface', 'Receptors, Somatomedin', 'Somatomedins', 'Transcription, Genetic']
| 2,551,671
|
[['G04.144.220', 'G04.161.750.500', 'G05.113', 'G07.345.249.410.750.500'], ['A11.251'], ['G05.308'], ['G05.360.340.024.340'], ['G07.410'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.644.276.937.420', 'D12.776.124.862.425', 'D12.776.467.937.420', 'D23.529.937.420'], ['E05.393.661', 'G02.111.611'], ['A16.710'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['D12.776.543.750'], ['D12.776.543.750.750.400.780'], ['D12.644.276.937', 'D12.776.124.862', 'D12.776.467.937', 'D23.529.937'], ['G02.111.873', 'G05.297.700']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Basolateral amygdala noradrenergic activity mediates corticosterone-induced enhancement of auditory fear conditioning.
|
The present experiment examined whether posttraining noradrenergic activity within the basolateral complex of the amygdala (BLA) is required for mediating the facilitating effects of acutely administered glucocorticoids on memory for auditory-cue classical fear conditioning. Male Sprague-Dawley rats received five pairings of a single-frequency auditory stimulus and footshock, followed immediately by bilateral infusions of the beta1-adrenoceptor antagonist atenolol (0.5 microg in 0.2 microl) or saline into the BLA together with a subcutaneous injection of either corticosterone (3.0 mg/kg) or vehicle. Retention was tested 24 h later in a novel test chamber and suppression of ongoing motor behavior served as the measure of conditioned fear. Corticosterone facilitated memory as assessed by suppression of motor activity during the 10-s presentation of the auditory stimulus and intra-BLA administration of atenolol selectively blocked this corticosterone-induced memory enhancement. These findings provide evidence that, as found with other emotionally arousing tasks, the enhancing effects of corticosterone on memory consolidation of auditory-cue fear conditioning require posttraining noradrenergic activity within the BLA.
|
['Acoustic Stimulation', 'Adrenergic beta-1 Receptor Antagonists', 'Adrenergic beta-Antagonists', 'Amygdala', 'Analysis of Variance', 'Animals', 'Association Learning', 'Atenolol', 'Conditioning, Classical', 'Corticosterone', 'Fear', 'Injections, Subcutaneous', 'Male', 'Microinjections', 'Motor Activity', 'Norepinephrine', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-1', 'Retention, Psychology', 'Signal Transduction']
| 16,630,730
|
[['E02.037', 'E02.190.888.030', 'E05.723.136'], ['D27.505.519.625.050.200.200.100', 'D27.505.696.577.050.200.200.100'], ['D27.505.519.625.050.200.200', 'D27.505.696.577.050.200.200'], ['A08.186.211.180.090', 'A08.186.211.200.885.287.249.152'], ['E05.318.740.150', 'N05.715.360.750.125', 'N06.850.520.830.150'], ['B01.050'], ['F02.463.425.069.296'], ['D02.033.100.624.698.070', 'D02.033.755.624.698.070', 'D02.092.063.624.698.070'], ['F02.463.425.179.308'], ['D04.210.500.745.745.654.237', 'D06.472.040.585.353.237'], ['F01.470.361'], ['E02.319.267.530.620'], ['E02.319.267.530.690', 'E05.591.570'], ['F01.145.632', 'G11.427.410.698'], ['D02.033.100.291.502', 'D02.092.063.480', 'D02.092.211.215.746', 'D02.092.311.830', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.175.830'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['D12.776.543.750.670.300.300.340.100', 'D12.776.543.750.695.150.300.340.700', 'D12.776.543.750.720.330.300.340.100'], ['F02.463.425.540.772'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Adaptability of restrained molecular dynamics for tertiary structure prediction: application to Crotalus atrox venom phospholipase A2.
|
In order to assess the adaptability and/or applicability of the restrained molecular dynamics (RMD) simulation for building a possible tertiary structure of a protein from the X-ray crystal structure of a family reference protein, the tertiary structure prediction of Crotalus atrox venom phospholipase A2 (PLA2) was attempted based on the X-ray crystal structure of bovine pancreatic PLA2. For the formation of secondary and tertiary structures from the fully extended starting structure, the RMD simulation with interatomic distance restraints and torsion angle restraints, which were derived from homologous amino acid sequence regions in the reference protein, was carried out until the molecular system was fully equilibrated. The predicted tertiary structure of C. atrox venom PLA2 was compared with its X-ray crystal structure, and furthermore the utility of this method was discussed by reference to the similar tertiary structure prediction of beta-trypsin from the X-ray crystal structure of an elastase.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Animals', 'Cattle', 'Computer Simulation', 'Crotalid Venoms', 'Models, Molecular', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Pancreas', 'Pancreatic Elastase', 'Phospholipases A', 'Phospholipases A2', 'Protein Conformation', 'Sequence Alignment', 'Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid', 'Swine', 'Trypsin', 'X-Ray Diffraction']
| 1,881,869
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['L01.224.160'], ['D20.888.850.960.200', 'D23.946.833.850.960.200'], ['E05.599.595'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['A03.734'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.760.560', 'D08.811.277.656.959.350.560'], ['D08.811.277.352.100.680.750'], ['D08.811.277.352.100.680.750.937'], ['G02.111.570.820.709'], ['E05.393.751'], ['G02.111.810.550', 'G05.810.550'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.880'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.760.895', 'D08.811.277.656.959.350.895'], ['E05.196.309.742', 'E05.196.822.950', 'G01.867.950', 'G02.965']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Women's health in prisons: it is time to correct gender insensitivity and social injustice.
|
Women form a minority group within the prisons of Europe. Prisons have been built and they are run with the needs of the majority of prisoners in mind, namely men. Evidence collected throughout Europe about women's health in prisons showed that the services provided in some countries failed to meet even basic needs of women and provided examples of considerable gender insentivity and failures to observe their human rights. Along with UNODC, a joint report was issued called the WHO/UNODC Declaration which presented the evidence and made recommendations for urgently required improvements.
|
['Female', 'Human Rights', 'Humans', 'Prisoners', 'Sex Factors', 'Social Justice', "Women's Health"]
| 20,889,173
|
[['I01.880.604.473', 'N03.706.437'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.729'], ['N05.715.350.675', 'N06.850.490.875'], ['I01.880.604.473.700', 'K01.752.566.479.830.750', 'N03.706.437.700', 'N05.350.958.750'], ['N01.400.900']]
|
['Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Humanities [K]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
No global processing deficit in the Navon task in 14 developmental prosopagnosics.
|
Faces are represented in a more configural or holistic manner than other objects. Substantial evidence indicates that this representation results from face-specific mechanisms, but some have argued that it is produced by configural mechanisms that can be applied to many objects including words. The face-specific hypothesis predicts that non-face configural processes will often be normal in prosopagnosic subjects, whereas the domain-general configural hypothesis predicts they will be deficient on all configural tasks. Although the weight of the evidence favors the face-specific hypothesis, a recent study reopened this issue when it was found that three out of five developmental prosopagnosics showed a larger local processing bias than controls in a global-local task (i.e. a Navon task). To examine this issue more thoroughly we tested a significantly larger sample of prosopagnosics (14 participants) who had severe face memory and face perception deficits. In contrast to the previous report, the developmental prosopagnosics performed normally in the global-local task. Like controls, they showed a typical global advantage and typical global-to-local consistency effects. The results demonstrate that the configural processing required by the Navon task is dissociable from face configural processing.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Facial Expression', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neuropsychological Tests', 'Pattern Recognition, Visual', 'Prosopagnosia', 'Severity of Illness Index', 'Young Adult']
| 18,985,129
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['E01.370.600.225', 'F01.145.209.530.385'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['F04.711.513'], ['F02.463.593.524.500', 'F02.463.593.932.622'], ['C10.597.606.762.100.650', 'C23.888.592.604.764.100.650', 'F01.700.750.100.650'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475.456.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.364.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.364.500'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
A two-dimensional electrophoresis map of Chinese hamster ovary cell proteins based on fluorescence staining.
|
We report on the development of a detailed two-dimensional electrophoresis map of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell proteins based on fluorescence staining and tandem time-of-flight (TOF/TOF)-mass spectrometry. We observed a 71% success rate in the identification of proteins even though the CHO genome is not sequenced. The map consists of 224 protein identifications present in 274 two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) gel spots. We have also initiated a study of the phosphoproteome using a commercially available phosphoprotein-specific fluorescent stain. Using this stain, we observe 672 phosphorylated proteins, including many proteins known to be phosphorylated, which is 36% of the proteins we visualized with a total protein stain and consistent with expectations.
|
['Animals', 'CHO Cells', 'Cricetinae', 'Cricetulus', 'Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional', 'Fluorescent Dyes', 'Mass Spectrometry', 'Phosphoproteins', 'Proteome']
| 15,300,775
|
[['B01.050'], ['A11.251.210.200', 'A11.436.155'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.075.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.075.250.250'], ['E05.196.401.250', 'E05.301.300.230'], ['D27.720.233.348', 'D27.720.470.410.505.500'], ['E05.196.566'], ['D12.776.744'], ['D12.776.817']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Inter- and intrahemispheric processing of visual and auditory stimuli by dyslexic children and normal readers.
|
Four experiments are presented in which manual reaction times to simple visual or auditory stimuli are compared for bilateral, ipsilateral, and contralateral presentations in normal and dyslexic children at three age levels: 8-9, 10-11, and 12-13 years. While bilateral presentations yielded faster reaction times, there were no consistent right-left differences nor consistent superiority of intra- versus interhemispheric reaction times in either of the experimental groups. The results failed to support the hypothesis of slower interhemispheric (cross-callosal) processing in dyslexic children.
|
['Adolescent', 'Auditory Perception', 'Child', 'Child Development', 'Dominance, Cerebral', 'Dyslexia', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Psychomotor Performance', 'Reaction Time', 'Visual Perception']
| 3,997,383
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['F02.463.593.071', 'G07.888.125'], ['M01.060.406'], ['F01.525.200', 'G07.345.374.750'], ['F02.830.297', 'G11.561.225'], ['C10.597.606.150.500.300', 'C10.597.606.150.550.200', 'C23.888.592.604.150.500.300', 'C23.888.592.604.150.550.200', 'F03.625.562.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F02.808', 'G11.427.700', 'G11.561.660'], ['E05.796.817', 'F02.830.650', 'F04.669.817', 'G11.561.677'], ['F02.463.593.932']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Learning-related human brain activations reflecting individual finances.
|
A basic tenet of microeconomics suggests that the subjective value of financial gains decreases with increasing assets of individuals ("marginal utility"). Using concepts from learning theory and microeconomics, we assessed the capacity of financial rewards to elicit behavioral and neuronal changes during reward-predictive learning in participants with different financial backgrounds. Behavioral learning speed during both acquisition and extinction correlated negatively with the assets of the participants, irrespective of education and age. Correspondingly, response changes in midbrain and striatum measured with functional magnetic resonance imaging were slower during both acquisition and extinction with increasing assets and income of the participants. By contrast, asymptotic magnitudes of behavioral and neuronal responses after learning were unrelated to personal finances. The inverse relationship of behavioral and neuronal learning speed with personal finances is compatible with the general concept of decreasing marginal utility with increasing wealth.
|
['Adult', 'Brain', 'Brain Mapping', 'Female', 'Financial Management', 'Humans', 'Image Processing, Computer-Assisted', 'Learning', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Oxygen', 'Photic Stimulation', 'Reward', 'Statistics as Topic']
| 17,408,585
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['A08.186.211'], ['E01.370.350.578.875.500', 'E01.370.376.537.625.500', 'E05.629.875.500'], ['N03.219.463'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.224.308'], ['F02.463.425', 'F02.784.629.529'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['D01.268.185.550', 'D01.362.670'], ['E05.723.729'], ['F02.463.425.770.836'], ['E05.318.740', 'H01.548.832', 'N05.715.360.750', 'N06.850.520.830']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
A comparison between minerals-modified glutamate medium and lauryl tryptose lactose broth for the enumeration of Escherichia coli and coliform organisms in water by the multiple tube method.
|
In a multi-laboratory trial, minerals-modified glutamate medium (MMGM) was compared with lauryl tryptose lactose broth (LTLB) in the multiple tube method for the enumeration of coliform organisms, including Escherichia coli, in water. Samples of raw and chlorinated waters yielded a total of 2313 positive tube-reactions with MMGM and 2174 with LTLB. These were interpreted either as E. coli; other coliform organisms; or as false positive reactions. The results at first reading (18 or 24 h) and at 48 h have been analysed statistically in terms of (i) most probable numbers of coliform organisms; (ii) positive reactions and their interpretation; and (iii) whether or not the sample yielded any E. coli or other coliform organisms. All three analyses indicated the same trends. For the detection of E. coli in raw waters LTLB was better than MMGM at 18-24 h, but MMGM was better at 48 h with waters containing small numbers of coliform organisms; for raw waters with greater numbers of organisms, both media performed equally well. Analysis of a subset of samples read at both 18 and 24 h indicated that the superiority of LTLB over MMGM with raw waters disappeared by 24 h. For chlorinated waters, LTLB yielded more positive gas reactions at 18-24 h, but fewer of these were E. coli than with MMGM; at 48 h MMGM was clearly better than LTLB for total coliform organisms including E. coli--especially if the numbers were small. MMGM therefore remains the medium of choice for the detection of E. coli as an indicator of faecal contamination of chlorinated drinking water supplies. It is also better for the detection of small numbers of E. coli in other waters.
|
['Bacteriological Techniques', 'Chlorine', 'Culture Media', 'Escherichia coli', 'False Positive Reactions', 'Glutamates', 'Lactose', 'Peptones', 'Water Microbiology']
| 6,762,395
|
[['E01.370.225.875.150', 'E05.200.875.150'], ['D01.268.380.150', 'D01.362.225'], ['D27.720.470.305', 'E07.206'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['E01.354.506'], ['D12.125.067.625', 'D12.125.119.409'], ['D09.698.629.305.340', 'D09.947.750.340'], ['D12.776.719'], ['H01.158.273.540.274.777', 'N06.850.425.450']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Competition Elicits more Physical Affiliation between Male than Female Friends.
|
Across species, cooperative alliances must withstand internal tensions. The mechanisms by which allies respond to competing against one another have been studied extensively in non-human animals, but much less so in humans. In non-human species, affiliative physical contact and close proximity immediately following a contest are utilized to define reconciliation between opponents. The proportion of conflicts that are reconciled however differs markedly by species and sex. The purpose of this study was to examine whether, like many other social species, humans utilize physical contact and close proximity following a competition between friends, and if so, whether one sex is more likely to exhibit these behaviors. Using a standardized procedure, two same-gender friends competed against one another producing a clear winner and loser. Prior to and following the competition, the friends relaxed together. Videotapes of the relaxation periods showed that male friends spent more time than female friends engaged in affiliative physical contact and close proximity both before and after the competition, but not during a brief intervening cooperative task. These results suggest that in the face of competing self-interests, physical contact and close proximity facilitate repair of males' more than females' valuable relationships.
|
['Conflict, Psychological', 'Female', 'Friends', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Social Behavior', 'Young Adult']
| 29,849,135
|
[['F01.658.209'], ['M01.252'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.145.813'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Analysis of production, purification, and cytolytic potential of bi-specific antibodies reactive with ovarian-carcinoma-associated antigens and the T-cell antigen CD3.
|
OV-TL3 and MOv 18 MAbs, due to their restricted specificity, have been successfully used to visualize ovarian cancer in patients and might therefore be used to develop therapies for ovarian cancer. The bi-specific MAbs alpha T3/OC2 and alpha OC/TR (both being combinations of MOv18 and alpha CD3) have been shown to lyse ovarian tumor cells in vitro. To evaluate the relative merits of MOv18/CD3 and OV-TL 3/CD3, the present study was undertaken in which the bi-specific MAbs alpha T3/OC2 and alpha OC/TR, and a newly developed bi-specific MAb, OV-TL 3/CD3, were highly purified and compared for specificity, stability, purification and cytolytic potential. The dual specificity of the hybrid-hybridoma supernatants was analyzed by immunohistochemistry, and by testing bi-specific MAb-mediated cytotoxicity against relevant target cells in the presence of effector cells. Stability testing of bi-specific MAb-producing hybridomas showed that, after sub-cloning, clones stably produced up to 40% bi-specific MAb even after prolonged in vitro culture. The purification of the bi-specific fractions was performed with protein A and by ion-exchange high-pressure liquid chromatography, depending on the sub-class combination of the bi-specific MAb. The purified bi-specific MAbs were tested for their ability to mediate target-cell lysis with the use of cytotoxic T-cell clones and activated peripheral-blood lymphocytes. The purified alpha T3/OC2, alpha OC/TR, and OV-TL3/CD3 were all able to mediate highly specific lysis of various ovarian-carcinoma cell lines. No correlation was found between the level of antigen expression and bi-specific MAb-mediated cytolysis.
|
['Antibodies, Monoclonal', 'Antibody Specificity', 'Antigens, Neoplasm', 'Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'Cytotoxicity, Immunologic', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hybridomas', 'Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments', 'Ovarian Neoplasms', 'Receptor-CD3 Complex, Antigen, T-Cell', 'Tumor Cells, Cultured']
| 8,344,744
|
[['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224'], ['G12.100'], ['D23.050.285'], ['E05.196.181.400.300'], ['G12.287'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A11.251.353.485', 'A11.251.600.485'], ['D12.644.541.500.650', 'D12.776.124.486.485.680.650', 'D12.776.124.790.651.680.650', 'D12.776.377.715.548.680.650'], ['C04.588.322.455', 'C13.351.500.056.630.705', 'C13.351.937.418.685', 'C19.344.410', 'C19.391.630.705'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.816.824.800', 'D23.050.301.264.894.095.800', 'D23.101.100.894.095.800'], ['A11.251.860']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Expression of CD150 in tumors of the central nervous system: identification of a novel isoform.
|
CD150 (IPO3/SLAM) belongs to the SLAM family of receptors and serves as a major entry receptor for measles virus. CD150 is expressed on normal and malignant cells of the immune system. However, little is known about its expression outside the hematopoietic system, especially tumors of the central nervous system (CNS). Although CD150 was not found in different regions of normal brain tissues, our immunohistochemical study revealed its expression in 77.6% of human CNS tumors, including glioblastoma, anaplastic astrocytoma, diffuse astrocytoma, ependymoma, and others. CD150 was detected in the cytoplasm, but not on the cell surface of glioma cell lines, and it was colocalized with the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complex markers. In addition to the full length mRNA of the mCD150 splice isoform, in glioma cells we found a highly expressed novel CD150 transcript (nCD150), containing an 83 bp insert. The insert is derived from a previously unrecognized exon designated Cyt-new, which is located 510 bp downstream of the transmembrane region exon, and is a specific feature of primate SLAMF1. Both mCD150 and nCD150 cDNA variants did not contain any mutations and had the leader sequence. The nCD150 transcript was also detected in normal and malignant B lymphocytes, primary T cells, dendritic cells and macrophages; however, in glioma cells nCD150 was found to be the predominant CD150 isoform. Similarly to mCD150, cell surface expression of nCD150 allows wild type measles virus entry to the cell. Our data indicate that CD150 expression in CNS tumors can be considered a new diagnostic marker and potential target for novel therapeutic approaches.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Antigens, CD', 'B-Lymphocytes', 'Brain', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Central Nervous System Neoplasms', 'Endoplasmic Reticulum', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Golgi Apparatus', 'HEK293 Cells', 'Humans', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Measles virus', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Protein Isoforms', 'RNA Splicing', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Receptors, Cell Surface', 'Signaling Lymphocytic Activation Molecule Family Member 1']
| 25,710,480
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['D23.050.301.264.035', 'D23.101.100.110'], ['A11.063.438', 'A11.118.637.555.567.562', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.562', 'A15.382.032.438', 'A15.382.490.555.567.562'], ['A08.186.211'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['C04.588.614.250', 'C10.551.240'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.248'], ['G05.308'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.336'], ['A11.251.210.172.750', 'A11.436.334'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['B04.820.480.937.600.650.500.500'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['D12.776.800'], ['G02.111.760.700', 'G03.839.700', 'G05.308.700.700'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['D12.776.543.750'], ['D12.776.395.550.736.500', 'D12.776.543.550.746.500', 'D12.776.543.750.705.970.500']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Impact of different levels of nitrogen fertilizer on N2O emission from different soils].
|
To investigate the effect of different urea incorporation amount in different soils on N2O emission, a pot experiment was carried in 2002-2003. Four treatments were designed as the control (without urea incorporation); low N fertilizer level (334 kg/hm2); middle N fertilizer level (670 kg/hm); high N fertilizer level (1004 kg/hm2). In rice growing season, compared to control, the increment of N2O emission accumulation flux of each soil has no obviously differences among three N fertilizer levels. Contrarily, in wheat-planted soils, there are remarkably differences among three N fertilizer levels. Without urea incorporation, there are no differences among N2O accumulation emission flux of three soils. During the rice growing season, N2O accumulation emission flux of F soil (jiangsu province, lishui), G soil (jiangsu province, lianshui) and H soil (jiangsu province, agriculture academy) are 168, 127 and 146 mg/m2, respectively. N2O accumulation emission flux of F soil, G soil and H soil is 134, 124 and 168 mg/m2, respectively, during wheat growing season. Incorporation of urea into different soils yielded different influence on N2O emission. For example, at middle-N fertilizer, N2O accumulation emission flux from F soil, G soil and H soil is 976, 744 and 626 mg/m2, respectively. During rice-wheat rotation period, significance differences exists among N2O emission factors of three soils, with the value of (1.1 +/- 0.23)%, (0.75 +/- 0.17%) and (1.01 +/- 0.11)%. Furthermore, under the high N fertilizer level, N2O emission factors of three soils had no significantly difference (p = 0.3); while, the N2O emission factors existed difference among three soils under the low and middle N fertilizer level (F = 6.25, p = 0.01).
|
['Air Pollutants', 'Crops, Agricultural', 'Fertilizers', 'Nitrogen', 'Nitrous Oxide', 'Seasons', 'Soil Pollutants']
| 18,839,555
|
[['D27.888.284.101'], ['B01.650.160', 'G07.203.300.300', 'J02.500.300'], ['D27.720.031.400'], ['D01.268.604', 'D01.362.625'], ['D01.362.635.625', 'D01.625.550.550', 'D01.650.550.587.650'], ['G01.910.645.661', 'G16.500.275.071.590', 'N06.230.300.100.250.525'], ['D27.888.284.756']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Electric field-driven extraction of lipophilic anions across a carrier-mediated polymer inclusion membrane.
|
The use of a cationic carrier-mediated polymer inclusion membrane (PIM) for extraction and preconcentration of anionic model analytes driven by an electric field directly into an aqueous acceptor solution is demonstrated. The optimized membrane was 20 ìm thick and consisted of 60% cellulose triacetate as base polymer, 20% o-nitrophenyl octyl ether as plasticizer, and 20% Aliquat 336 as cationic carrier in the perchlorate form. By applying voltages of up to 700 V across the membrane, the lipophilic model analytes propanesulfonate, octanesulfonate, and decanesulfonate could be transported from the aqueous donor solution to the aqueous acceptor solution with efficiences >90% within 5 to 20 min. A preconcentration factor of 26, defined by the volume ratio between donor and acceptor compartments of the current cell design, could be achieved. The utility of the method for analytical applications is demonstrated by extraction of the herbicide glyphosate and its breakdown product aminomethylphosphonic acid from spiked river water, followed by quantification with capillary electrophoresis using contactless conductivity detection. Limits of detection of 0.8 and 1.5 ng/mL were obtained for glyphosate and aminomethylphosphonic acid, respectively.
|
['Alkanesulfonates', 'Anions', 'Cellulose', 'Chemical Fractionation', 'Electricity', 'Electrophoresis, Capillary', 'Fresh Water', 'Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions', 'Membranes, Artificial', 'Polymers']
| 21,851,124
|
[['D02.455.326.146.100.050', 'D02.886.645.600.055.050'], ['D01.248.497.158'], ['D05.750.078.562.180', 'D09.698.365.180', 'D25.720.099.500', 'J01.637.051.720.099.500'], ['E05.196.155'], ['G01.358.500.249'], ['E05.196.401.190', 'E05.301.300.190'], ['G16.500.275.280', 'N06.230.232'], ['G02.409'], ['D25.479', 'J01.637.051.479', 'J01.637.087.500'], ['D05.750', 'D25.720', 'J01.637.051.720']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Human bipeds use quadrupedal coordination during locomotion.
|
During evolution, the increased influence of a direct cortical-motoneuronal system in parallel with a more specialized hand function might have replaced phylogenetically older systems that organized locomotor movements. However, recent research indicates that interlimb coordination during human locomotion is organized in a way similar to that in the cat. During locomotion, corticospinal excitation of upper-limb motoneurons is mediated indirectly, via propriospinal neurons in the cervical spinal cord. This allows a task-dependent neuronal linkage of cervical and thoracolumbar propriospinal circuits controlling leg and arm movements during human locomotor activities. During obstacle avoidance steps, an anticipatory quadrupedal limb coordination is up-regulated, with an involvement of proximal arm muscles during the acquisition and performance of this precision locomotor task.
|
['Cervical Vertebrae', 'Humans', 'Locomotion', 'Spinal Cord', 'Thoracic Vertebrae', 'Walking']
| 19,645,886
|
[['A02.835.232.834.151'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G07.568.500', 'G11.427.410.568'], ['A08.186.854'], ['A02.835.232.834.892'], ['G11.427.410.568.900', 'G11.427.410.698.277.937', 'I03.350.937', 'I03.450.642.845.940']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Analytical methods for quantitative and qualitative analysis of naltrexone and metabolites in biological fluids.
|
Analytical procedures for the determination of naltrexone and metabolites have been presented. The basic procedure involves the use of radiolabeled drugs and thin layer chromatography. Naltrexone, 6 beta-naltrexol and 2-hydroxy-3-O-methyl-6 beta-naltrexol were found by both the TLC procedure and combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The presence of 3-O-methyl-6 beta-naltrexol was indicated by the TLC method, but this metabolite could not be found by mass spectrometry.
|
['Body Fluids', 'Chromatography, Thin Layer', 'Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry', 'Humans', 'Naloxone', 'Naltrexone']
| 6,791,013
|
[['A12.207'], ['E05.196.181.400.537'], ['E05.196.181.349.500', 'E05.196.566.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D03.132.577.249.706', 'D03.605.497.750', 'D03.633.400.686.750', 'D04.615.723.795.706'], ['D03.132.577.249.706.550', 'D03.605.497.750.550', 'D03.633.400.686.750.550', 'D04.615.723.795.706.550']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The amphipod Talitrus saltator as a bioindicator of human trampling on sandy beaches.
|
The present paper assesses the use of the supralittoral amphipod Talitrus saltator as a bioindicator of the effects of human trampling on the supralittoral sandy band. Samplings in delimited areas were carried out at sites subjected to different human impact. The results showed a strong negative correlation between the number of swimmers and the sandhopper population density, while there was no clear relationship between sandhopper abundance and the other factors considered: granulometry, compactness and organic carbon content of the sand, and trace metal contents in the sand and sandhoppers. A field test of trampling conducted in a confined space showed its direct negative effect on sandhopper survival. However, trace metal analysis confirmed the ability of T. saltator to bioaccumulate some elements (Hg, Zn, Cu, Cd). Our study demonstrates that T. saltator is a good bioindicator of human impact in the supralittoral zone of sandy shores.
|
['Amphipoda', 'Animals', 'Bathing Beaches', 'Carbon', 'Ecosystem', 'Human Activities', 'Humans', 'Metals, Heavy', 'Particle Size', 'Population Density', 'Silicon Dioxide', 'Survival Analysis', 'Walking']
| 18,281,086
|
[['B01.050.500.131.365.055'], ['B01.050'], ['J03.925.080'], ['D01.268.150'], ['G16.500.275.157', 'N06.230.124'], ['I03'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D01.268.556', 'D01.552.544'], ['G02.712'], ['N01.224.600', 'N06.850.505.400.600'], ['D01.578.750', 'D01.650.550.825', 'D01.837.725'], ['E05.318.740.998', 'N05.715.360.750.795', 'N06.850.520.830.998'], ['G11.427.410.568.900', 'G11.427.410.698.277.937', 'I03.350.937', 'I03.450.642.845.940']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Complex translocations derived stepwise from standard t(15;17) in a patient with variant acute promyelocytic leukemia.
|
We report the case of an elderly man with an acute promyelocytic leukemia variant carrying complex variant translocations. The Q-banded karyotype and spectral karyotyping method revealed a typical t(15;17), and two complex rearrangements caused by stepwise translocation derived from a typical t(15;17). Chromosomes 8 and 14 were related to these rearrangements. The patient received induction chemotherapy using all-trans retinoic acid and achieved complete remission. To our knowledge, a case with complex rearrangements, caused by apparent stepwise translocation, at diagnosis, has not been reported previously.
|
['Aged', 'Chromosomes, Human, Pair 14', 'Chromosomes, Human, Pair 15', 'Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17', 'Chromosomes, Human, Pair 8', 'Cytogenetic Analysis', 'Humans', 'Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute', 'Male', 'Oncogene Proteins, Fusion', 'Translocation, Genetic', 'Tretinoin']
| 17,656,255
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['A11.284.187.520.300.370.380', 'G05.360.162.520.300.370.380'], ['A11.284.187.520.300.370.385', 'G05.360.162.520.300.370.385'], ['A11.284.187.520.300.415.425', 'G05.360.162.520.300.415.425'], ['A11.284.187.520.300.325.340', 'G05.360.162.520.300.325.340'], ['E01.370.225.500.385', 'E05.200.500.385', 'E05.242.385', 'E05.393.285'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.557.337.539.275.700'], ['D12.776.602.500.500', 'D12.776.624.664.500'], ['C23.550.210.870', 'G05.365.590.175.870', 'G05.558.860'], ['D02.455.326.271.665.202.495.818.500', 'D02.455.426.392.368.367.379.249.700.860.500', 'D02.455.849.131.495.818.800', 'D02.455.849.291.925.500', 'D23.767.261.700.780']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
An early CT-diagnosis-based treatment strategy for invasive fungal infection in allogeneic transplant recipients using caspofungin first line: an effective strategy with low mortality.
|
Empirical antifungal therapy is frequently used in allogeneic transplant patients who have persistent febrile neutropenia and can be associated with high cost, toxicity and breakthrough infections. There are limited reports of strategies for early diagnosis of invasive fungal infection (IFI) and, to our knowledge, no reports of treatment strategies based only on high-resolution computerized tomography (HRCT) scans. We used an early treatment strategy for IFI in 99 consecutive patients undergoing allogeneic transplantation. Patients received caspofungin if they had antibiotic-resistant neutropenic fever for more than 72 h and a positive HRCT scan. Fifty-three of 99 patients (54%) had antibiotic-resistant neutropenic fever at 72 h and would have received parenteral antifungal treatment if an empirical approach had been used. The HRCT-based strategy reduced the use of parenteral antifungal agents to 17/99 patients (17%), a 68% reduction. No subsequent diagnoses of IFI occurred within 100 days in patients with a negative HRCT. Only one patient died from IFI within 100 days. These data suggest that this non-empirical strategy may be feasible and that caspofungin may be effective in this setting. A randomized controlled trial is warranted to further assess these results.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Antifungal Agents', 'Caspofungin', 'Echinocandins', 'Female', 'Hematologic Neoplasms', 'Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation', 'Humans', 'Lipopeptides', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Mycoses', 'Time Factors', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed', 'Transplantation, Homologous']
| 19,139,735
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D27.505.954.122.136'], ['D10.477.250', 'D12.644.365.250', 'D12.644.641.311.500'], ['D12.644.641.311'], ['C04.588.448', 'C15.378.400'], ['E02.095.147.500.500.500', 'E04.936.225.687.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D10.477', 'D12.644.365'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C01.150.703'], ['G01.910.857'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810'], ['E04.936.864']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Effect of unusual guanosine nucleotides on the activities of some Escherichia coli cellular enzymes.
|
Unusual guanosine nucleotides guanosine 5'-diphosphate 3'-diphosphate (ppGpp, also known as MSI) and guanosine 5'-diphosphate 3'-monophosphate (ppGp, also known as MSIII) accumulate to high concentrations in wild-type cells of Escherichia coli during amino acid starvation. We reported here that both nucleotides strongly inhibit the activity of enzymes IMP dehydrogenase and adenylosuccinate synthetase, the first enzymes of the guanylate and adenylate biosynthetic pathways. In both cases, ppGP (MSII) is a stronger inhibitor than ppGpp (MSI). On the other hand, these two nucleotides exhibited opposite effects on the activity of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase, the enzyme that utilizes phosphoenolpyruvate. At their respective physiological concentrations, the activity of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase is activated by ppGpp and inhibited by ppGp.
|
['Adenylosuccinate Synthase', 'Enzyme Activation', 'Escherichia coli', 'Guanine Nucleotides', 'Guanosine Diphosphate', 'Guanosine Tetraphosphate', 'Guanosine Triphosphate', 'IMP Dehydrogenase', 'Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxylase']
| 6,117,328
|
[['D08.811.464.259.100'], ['G02.111.263', 'G03.328'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['D03.633.100.759.646.454', 'D13.695.667.454', 'D13.695.827.426'], ['D03.633.100.759.646.454.340', 'D13.695.667.454.340', 'D13.695.827.426.340'], ['D03.633.100.759.646.454.480', 'D13.695.667.454.480', 'D13.695.827.426.480'], ['D03.633.100.759.646.454.504', 'D13.695.667.454.504', 'D13.695.827.426.504'], ['D08.811.682.047.820.450'], ['D08.811.520.224.125.650']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Blockage of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors decreases testosterone levels and enhances postnatal neuronal apoptosis in the preoptic area of male rats.
|
Sexual dimorphism has been found in the preoptic area of the hypothalamus (POA), a major site of glutamate actions via N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors. The sexually dimorphic nucleus of the preoptic area (SDN-POA) of male rats exhibits about seven-fold greater nuclear volume than that of females. A naturally occurring neonatal neuronal apoptosis, that can be prevented by testosterone, may contribute to this sexual difference in SDN-POA nuclear volume. Since activation of NMDA receptors in the POA induces GnRH secretion, it may be involved in both elevation of serum testosterone and prevention of neuronal death in the SDN-POA. In the present study, protein expression of NMDA receptors in the POA of male and female fetuses was quantified on the day preceding the fetal testosterone peak (embryonic day 16; ED 16). Rats were then distributed in four groups: (1) untreated males, (2) untreated females, (3) males pretreated with MK-801 (a noncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonist), and (4) females pretreated with MK-801. Serum levels of testosterone were estimated on the afternoon of ED 18. Expression of Bcl-2 and Bax, as well as neuronal apoptosis in SDN-POA, were observed on postnatal day 8. The results showed that (1) expression of NMDA receptors in the POA of male fetuses was higher than that of females on ED 16; (2) levels of testosterone were lower in MK-801 pretreated male fetuses than in intact males on ED 18; (3) expression of Bcl-2 in the POA of MK-801 pretreated male rats was significantly less than that of control males; (4) the apoptotic incidence in the SDN-POA of MK-801 pretreated male rats was significantly greater than in control males, while there was no significant difference in apoptotic incidence in the SDN-POA between MK-801 pretreated and intact females. These results suggest that the NMDA receptor is highly expressed in prenatal male fetuses, and that it might play an important role in the elevation of testosterone levels. Moreover, activation of NMDA receptors may protect SDN-POA neurons from naturally occurring neuronal death, by modulating testosterone and/or Bcl-2 expression.
|
['Animals', 'Animals, Newborn', 'Apoptosis', 'Child', 'Dizocilpine Maleate', 'Embryonic and Fetal Development', 'Female', 'Fetus', 'Gestational Age', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Neurons', 'Preoptic Area', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2', 'Rats', 'Rats, Long-Evans', 'Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate', 'Sex Characteristics', 'Testosterone', 'bcl-2-Associated X Protein']
| 10,859,492
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.050.282'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['M01.060.406'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.181.384.380', 'D04.615.181.384.380'], ['G07.345.500.325', 'G08.686.784.170'], ['A16.378'], ['G07.345.500.325.235.968', 'G08.686.320'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A08.675', 'A11.671'], ['A08.186.211.180.497.342.450', 'A08.186.211.200.317.357.342.450'], ['D12.776.624.664.700'], ['D12.644.360.075.718', 'D12.776.476.075.718', 'D12.776.624.664.700.169'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.500'], ['D12.776.157.530.400.400.500.500', 'D12.776.543.550.450.500.200.500', 'D12.776.543.585.400.500.200.500', 'D12.776.543.750.720.200.450.400.500'], ['G08.686.815'], ['D04.210.500.054.079.429.824', 'D06.472.334.851.968.984'], ['D12.644.360.075.718.400', 'D12.776.476.075.718.400']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Double-blind crossover trial of single vs. divided dose of metoclopramide in a combined regimen for treatment of cisplatin-induced emesis.
|
In a double-blind crossover antiemetic study in cisplatin-treated cancer patients, metoclopramide 4 mg/kg as a single intravenous dose (regimen A) was compared with 3 mg/kg in two doses (regimen B). In both regimens, metoclopramide was combined with dexamethasone and diphenhydramine. 65 consecutive, chemotherapy-na?ve inpatients (45 males and 20 females) treated with high doses (at least 50 mg/m2) of cisplatin entered the study and 54 completed both treatments. Complete protection from vomiting and nausea, mean number of emetic episodes, mean maximum intensity of nausea and mean duration of emesis or nausea were similar with the two antiemetic regimens. 23 patients (43%) did not express a treatment preference, while 16 (30%) preferred regimen B and 15 (28%) preferred regimen A. Side-effects were similar with the two metoclopramide schedules. A combined antiemetic regimen of a single high dose of metoclopramide (4 mg/kg) can preserve efficacy and tolerability and thus should be preferred.
|
['Cisplatin', 'Dexamethasone', 'Diphenhydramine', 'Double-Blind Method', 'Drug Administration Schedule', 'Drug Therapy, Combination', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Metoclopramide', 'Middle Aged', 'Nausea', 'Vomiting']
| 1,827,271
|
[['D01.210.375', 'D01.625.125', 'D01.710.100'], ['D04.210.500.745.432.769.344', 'D04.210.500.908.238'], ['D02.092.471.320', 'D02.455.426.559.389.115.250'], ['E05.318.370.300', 'E05.581.500.300', 'N05.715.360.325.320', 'N06.850.520.445.300'], ['E02.319.283'], ['E02.319.310'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D02.065.277.573', 'D02.241.223.100.050.500.647', 'D02.241.223.100.100.510', 'D02.241.223.100.200.750', 'D02.241.223.100.300.350.625', 'D02.241.511.390.350.625', 'D02.455.426.559.389.127.020.937.647', 'D02.455.426.559.389.127.085.510', 'D02.455.426.559.389.127.250.750', 'D02.455.426.559.389.127.281.350.625', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.654.638.625'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C23.888.821.712'], ['C23.888.821.937']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
QA of dynamic MLC based on EPID portal dosimetry.
|
PURPOSE: Dynamic delivery of intensity modulated beams (dIMRT) requires not only accurate verification of leaf positioning but also a control on the speed of motion. The latter is a parameter that has a major impact on the dose delivered to the patient. Time consumed in quality assurance (QA) procedures is an issue of relevance in any radiotherapy department. Electronic portal imaging dosimetry (EPID) can be very efficient for routine tests. The purpose of this work is to investigate the ability of our EPID for detecting small errors in leaf positioning, and to present our daily QA procedures for dIMRT based on EPID.METHODS AND MATERIALS: A Varian 2100 CD Clinac equipped with an 80 leaf Millennium MLC and with amorphous silicon based EPID (aS500, Varian) is used. The daily QA program consists in performing: Stability check of the EPID signal, Garden fence test, Sweeping slit test, and Leaf speed test.RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The EPID system exhibits good long term reproducibility. The mean portal dose at the centre of a 10 ? 10 cm(2) static field was 1.002 ± 0.004 (range 1.013-0.995) for the period evaluated of 47 weeks. Garden fence test shows that leaf position errors of up to 0.2 mm can be detected. With the Sweeping slit test we are able to detect small deviations on the gap width and errors of individual leaves of 0.5 and 0.2 mm. With the Leaf speed test problems due to motor fatigue or friction between leaves can be detected.CONCLUSIONS: This set of tests takes no longer than 5 min in the linac treatment room. With EPID dosimetry, a consistent daily QA program can be applied, giving complete information about positioning/speed MLC.
|
['Electrical Equipment and Supplies', 'Quality Control', 'Radiometry']
| 21,784,685
|
[['E07.305'], ['J01.897.608'], ['E05.799']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The association of mobility disability, weight status and job strain: A cross-sectional study.
|
AIMS: The study investigated whether people with mobility disability (MD) and/or obesity had higher job strain than people without it, and whether social support at work modifies this association.METHODS: The study included 35,160 individuals (25-64 years of age) from the Stockholm Public Health Surveys of 2006 and 2010. Data on MD and obesity (BMI ? 30 kg/m(2)calculated from weight (kg) and height (m)) were self-reported. According to the Demand-Control-Support theory job strain, collective strain, and isolated strain were calculated for six groups of people based on the presence of MD and obesity, using the subtraction approach (demand minus control). Differences in job strain mean scores were estimated by multivariate linear regression. Social support at work was analyzed as a potential effect modifier (high/low).RESULTS: Obese people with MD had the highest job strain (â = 0.92, 95% CI 0.64-1.19), compared to normal weight people without MD (reference group). We found that social support at work significantly (p<0.001) modifies the association between job strain, MD and obesity. Obese people with MD had the highest isolated strain (â = 2.92, 95% CI 2.52-3.31), and the highest collective strain, although of smaller magnitude (â = 0.34, 95% CI 0.05-0.63), compared to the reference group.CONCLUSIONS: Obese people with MD perceive higher job strain than non-disabled people of normal weight. Strategies aiming to increase the social support at work may be important for this group of people to prevent them from experiencing unhealthy job strain.
|
['Adult', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Disabled Persons', 'Female', 'Health Surveys', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Mobility Limitation', 'Obesity', 'Social Support', 'Stress, Psychological', 'Sweden', 'Work']
| 26,674,491
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['M01.150'], ['E05.318.308.980.438', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C23.888.550'], ['C18.654.726.500', 'C23.888.144.699.500', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120.699.500', 'G07.100.100.160.120.699.500'], ['I01.880.853.500.600'], ['F01.145.126.990', 'F02.830.900'], ['Z01.542.816.500'], ['I03.946']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
AP-1/ó1B-Dependent SV Protein Recycling Is Regulated in Early Endosomes and Is Coupled to AP-2 Endocytosis.
|
Adaptor protein (AP)-1/ó1B(-/-) mice have reduced synaptic-vesicle (SV) recycling and increased endosomes. Mutant mice have impaired spatial memory, and ó1B-deficient humans have a severe mental retardation. In order to define these ó1B(-/-) 'bulk' endosomes and to determine their functions in SV recycling, we developed a protocol to separate them from the majority of the neuronal endosomes. The ó1B(-/-) 'bulk' endosomes proved to be classic early endosomes with an increase in the phospholipid phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PI-3-P), which recruits proteins mediating protein sorting out of early endosomes into different routes. ó1B deficiency induced alterations in the endosomal proteome reveals two major functions: SV protein storage and sorting into endolysosomes. Alternative endosomal recycling pathways are not up-regulated, but certain SV proteins are misrouted. Tetraspanins are enriched in ó1B(-/-) synaptosomes, but not in their endosomes or in their clathrin-coated-vesicles (CCVs), indicating AP-1/ó1B-dependent sorting. Synapses contain also more AP-2 CCV, although it is expected that they contain less due to reduced SV recycling. Coat composition of these AP-2 CCVs is altered, and thus, they represent a subpopulation of AP-2 CCVs. Association of calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaMK)-IIá, -ä and casein kinase (CK)-IIá with the endosome/SV pool is altered, as well as 14-3-3ç, indicating changes in specific signalling pathways regulating synaptic plasticity. The accumulation of early endosomes and endocytotic AP-2 CCV indicates the regulation of SV recycling via early endosomes by the interdependent regulation of AP-2-mediated endocytosis and AP-1/ó1B-mediated SV reformation.
|
['14-3-3 Proteins', 'Animals', 'Centrifugation', 'Clathrin-Coated Vesicles', 'Endocytosis', 'Endosomes', 'Isotope Labeling', 'Lysosomes', 'Mice', 'Neurons', 'Proteolysis', 'Synaptic Vesicles', 'Synaptosomes', 'Transcription Factor AP-1', 'Transcription Factor AP-2']
| 25,128,028
|
[['D12.644.360.024.050', 'D12.776.157.057.002', 'D12.776.476.024.050'], ['B01.050'], ['E05.181'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.190.880.180.170'], ['G04.417'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.190.880.337'], ['E05.522'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.190.550'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['A08.675', 'A11.671'], ['G02.111.720', 'G03.812'], ['A08.850.840', 'A11.284.430.214.190.875.190.880.830'], ['A11.284.835.859'], ['D12.776.260.108.875', 'D12.776.930.127.875'], ['D12.776.260.760', 'D12.776.930.907']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Two-trocar laparoscopic varicocelectomy: cost-reduction surgical technique.
|
OBJECTIVES: To describe the technique of two-trocar laparoscopic varicocelectomy and compare it with the standard three-trocar laparoscopic technique in terms of effectiveness, morbidity, and cosmesis.METHODS: Two matched groups of patients with left varicocele were recruited. Each group included 30 patients. One group underwent three-trocar and the other two-trocar laparoscopic varicocelectomy. The results of the two approaches were compared.RESULTS: No significant differences were found in terms of mean hospital stay or morbidity between the two-trocar and three-trocar techniques. A significant difference was found in the operative time and proportion of patients needing postoperative parenteral narcotic analgesia in favor of the two-trocar technique. In both approaches, the previously infertile patients had a significant improvement in sperm count and motility (P <0.05). Cosmetically, the trocar wound scars were aesthetically superior using the two-trocar technique.CONCLUSIONS: No significant difference was found between two-trocar and three-trocar laparoscopic varicocelectomy in terms of effectiveness and morbidity. The cost of an extra 5-mm disposable trocar in the three-trocar technique and the improved cosmesis after the two-trocar technique have made us prefer the latter technique.
|
['Adult', 'Costs and Cost Analysis', 'Equipment Design', 'Humans', 'Laparoscopes', 'Laparoscopy', 'Male', 'Surgical Instruments', 'Urologic Surgical Procedures, Male', 'Varicocele']
| 16,527,558
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['N03.219.151'], ['E05.320'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E07.230.220.520', 'E07.858.240.520'], ['E01.370.388.250.520', 'E04.502.250.520'], ['E07.858.700'], ['E04.950.774.860'], ['C12.294.936', 'C14.907.903']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Follicular development and morphological changes in the vaginal epithelium during the estrous cycle of Galea spixii.
|
The current study aimed to determine if characteristics observed in vaginal cytology during the estrous cycle of female SYT cavies corresponded with proliferation of the vaginal epithelium, characterized by proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) immunolocalization, and with follicular development at different phases of the estrous cycle. After determining estrous cycle phases by vaginal cytology, females were euthanized at metestrus, diestrus, proestrus, and estrus. Histological study of the vaginal epithelium and ovary were then performed. Immunohistochemistry for PCNA in vaginal tissue at each cycle phase was also performed. Superficial cornified cells and early post-ovulatory follicles were found at estrus. Few nuclei below the enucleate superficial cells were immunoreactive to PCNA. At metestrus, the vaginal epithelium underwent desquamation and lost the superficial cornified cells; basal and intermediate cells appeared, and the post-ovulatory follicle formed an early corpus luteum. No PCNA immunoreactivity was observed. At diestrus, the corpus luteum was developed, and the vaginal epithelium contained basal and intermediate cells. There was PCNA immunoreactivity in the cellular nucleus in the germinative stratum of the epithelium. Because of the growth and maturation of ovarian follicles, the vaginal epithelium suffered intense proliferation at proestrus. Vaginal cytology revealed large intermediate cells and nucleated and enucleated superficial cornified cells. In the ovary, mature follicles were present. More apparent immunoreactivity of PCNA in the germinative layer was found. In summary, we inferred that vaginal exfoliative findings matched the proliferation process of the vaginal epithelium. PCNA immunolocalization occurred as well as corresponding follicular development in the ovaries.
|
['Animals', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Diestrus', 'Epithelium', 'Estrous Cycle', 'Estrus', 'Female', 'Histological Techniques', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Ovarian Follicle', 'Ovary', 'Proestrus', 'Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen', 'Rodentia', 'Vagina']
| 27,717,109
|
[['B01.050'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['G08.686.195.374'], ['A10.272'], ['G08.686.195'], ['G08.686.195.500'], ['E01.370.225.750', 'E05.200.750'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['A05.360.319.114.630.535', 'A06.300.312.497.535'], ['A05.360.319.114.630', 'A05.360.576.497', 'A06.300.312.497'], ['G08.686.195.875'], ['D12.776.660.740', 'D23.050.290.750', 'D23.101.140.600'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992'], ['A05.360.319.779']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Shewanella woodyi sp. nov., an exclusively respiratory luminous bacterium isolated from the Alboran Sea.
|
Thirty-four strains of nonfermentative, respiratory, luminous bacteria were isolated from samples of squid ink and seawater from depths of 200 to 300 m in the Alboran Sea. Although these strains had a few properties similar to properties of Shewanella (Alteromonas) hanedai, they did not cluster phenotypically with any previously described bacterium. The nucleotide sequence of a 740-bp segment of luxA was not homologous with other known luxA sequences but clustered with the luxA sequences of Shewanella hanedai, Vibrio logei, Vibrio fischeri, and Photobacterium species. The 16S RNA gene from two strains was sequenced and was found to be most closely related to the S. hanedai 16S RNA gene. Based on the differences observed, we describe the new isolates as members of new species, Shewanella woodyi sp. nov. Strain ATCC 51908 (= MS32) is the type strain of this new species.
|
['Base Composition', 'DNA, Bacterial', 'Fatty Acids', 'Gram-Negative Facultatively Anaerobic Rods', 'Humans', 'Luminescent Measurements', 'Phylogeny', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'RNA, Ribosomal, 16S', 'Water Microbiology']
| 9,336,902
|
[['G02.111.080'], ['D13.444.308.212'], ['D10.251'], ['B03.440.450'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.196.712.516'], ['G05.697', 'G16.075.605', 'L01.100.697'], ['E05.393.620.500'], ['D13.444.735.686.670'], ['H01.158.273.540.274.777', 'N06.850.425.450']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Flap selection in glaucoma filtration surgery.
|
Glaucoma surgery requires the fashioning of conjunctival flaps with or without scleral flaps. The advantages and use of fornix-based conjunctival flaps are presented. Methods to decrease complications of limbal-based conjunctival flaps are discussed. The use of scleral flaps and their modification to assist in enhancing filtration and to prevent complications of filtering surgery is shown.
|
['Conjunctiva', 'Glaucoma', 'Humans', 'Methods', 'Sclera', 'Sclerostomy', 'Surgical Flaps', 'Trabeculectomy']
| 3,426,047
|
[['A09.371.060.200', 'A09.371.337.168'], ['C11.525.381'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.581'], ['A09.371.784'], ['E04.540.450.600', 'E04.579.895'], ['A10.850.710', 'E07.862.710'], ['E04.540.450.700']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Structural asymmetry of cortical visual areas is related to ocular dominance.
|
The grey matter of the human brain is asymmetrically distributed between the cerebral hemispheres. This asymmetry includes visual areas, but its relevance to visual function is not understood. Voxel-based morphometry is a well-established technique for localization and quantification of cerebral grey matter on the basis of MR images. This method has been used previously for interhemispheric comparison, but without examining the functional implications of the identified anatomical asymmetries of the visual system. The aim of the present study was to relate anatomical interhemispheric asymmetries to asymmetries of visual function. We examined grey matter asymmetries of visual areas in a large population (n=56) of ophthalmologically and neurologically healthy individuals. We used state-of-the-art 3 T MRI and voxel-based morphometry to relate the visual parameters, (a) ocular dominance, (b) interocular difference in visual acuity and (c) visual attention (i.e. deviation on a line-bisection task), to interhemispheric differences in grey matter volume. As most visual input from one eye is processed in the contralateral hemisphere, ocular features may also depend on cerebral lateralization. Several lateralized visual areas were identified, both right>left and left>right. When correlating the asymmetries to the functional parameters, we found a significant correlation to ocular dominance (P<0.05), whereas visual acuity and visual attention showed no such relationship. The lateral occipital complex was identified to be significantly larger in the left hemisphere for right-eyed participants and vice versa. These results suggest a cerebral basis for ocular dominance.
|
['Adult', 'Attention', 'Dominance, Ocular', 'Female', 'Gray Matter', 'Humans', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Visual Acuity', 'Visual Cortex', 'Visual Fields', 'Young Adult']
| 26,509,548
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['F02.830.104.214'], ['G11.561.225.425.500', 'G14.264'], ['A08.186.211.168', 'A08.186.854.348'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.370.380.850.950', 'F02.463.593.932.901', 'G14.940'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.571.735', 'A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.814.953'], ['F02.463.593.932.934', 'G14.950'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
An approach for assessing human health vulnerability and public health interventions to adapt to climate change.
|
Assessments of the potential human health impacts of climate change are needed to inform the development of adaptation strategies, policies, and measures to lessen projected adverse impacts. We developed methods for country-level assessments to help policy makers make evidence-based decisions to increase resilience to current and future climates, and to provide information for national communications to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. The steps in an assessment should include the following: a) determine the scope of the assessment; b) describe the current distribution and burden of climate-sensitive health determinants and outcomes; c) identify and describe current strategies, policies, and measures designed to reduce the burden of climate-sensitive health determinants and outcomes; d) review the health implications of the potential impacts of climate variability and change in other sectors; e) estimate the future potential health impacts using scenarios of future changes in climate, socioeconomic, and other factors; f) synthesize the results; and g) identify additional adaptation policies and measures to reduce potential negative health impacts. Key issues for ensuring that an assessment is informative, timely, and useful include stakeholder involvement, an adequate management structure, and a communication strategy.
|
['Acclimatization', 'Climate', 'Environmental Health', 'Health Status Indicators', 'Humans', 'Public Health', 'Risk Assessment', 'Risk Management']
| 17,185,287
|
[['G07.025.133', 'G16.012.500.133'], ['G16.500.275.071', 'N06.230.300.100.250'], ['H02.229'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['H02.403.720', 'N01.400.550', 'N06.850'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.715', 'N04.452.871.715', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.690', 'N06.850.505.715', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.715'], ['N03.219.463.800', 'N04.452.871']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Waveform dynamics of spermatozeugmata during the transfer from paternal to maternal individuals of Membranipora membranacea.
|
Analysis of standard (60 frames/s) and high-speed (200 frames/s) video records revealed that unencapsulated sperm aggregates (spermatozeugmata) of the gymnolaemate bryozoan Membranipora membranacea spontaneously generate at least three types of waveforms: small amplitude, large amplitude, and reverse. All three waveforms significantly differed from one another in amplitude. Additionally, small- and large-amplitude waveforms propagated from the base to the tip of axonemes, whereas the reverse waveform propagated from the tip to the base of axonemes. Small-amplitude waveforms, which were generated most frequently by spermatozeugmata in the paternal perivisceral coelom and in the water column after spawning, produced almost no curvature of the axoneme. Large-amplitude waveforms were produced by spermatozeugmata in the water column and within lophophores. Reverse waveforms were produced while spermatozeugmata moved tail-end forward through the paternal tentacles during spawning and after spermatozeugmata had contacted the intertentacular organ (ITO), a tubular structure that spermatozeugmata pass through to enter the maternal coelom and that eggs pass through to enter the seawater. The production of reverse waveforms by spermatozeugmata after reaching the ITO may be evidence for a behavioral response of bryozoan sperm to conspecific maternal individuals.
|
['Animals', 'Biomechanical Phenomena', 'Bryozoa', 'Male', 'Movement', 'Oscillometry', 'Reproduction', 'Sperm Motility', 'Spermatozoa', 'Video Recording']
| 14,977,728
|
[['B01.050'], ['G01.154.090', 'G01.374.089'], ['B01.050.500.217'], ['G07.568', 'G11.427.410'], ['E05.654'], ['G08.686.784'], ['E01.370.225.992.812', 'E05.200.992.812', 'G04.198.750'], ['A05.360.490.890', 'A11.497.760'], ['L01.280.960']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Upregulation of estrogen receptor expression in the uterus of ovariectomized B6C3F1 mice and Ishikawa cells treated with bromoethane.
|
In a 2-year NTP bioassay, Bromoethane (BE) was found to induce endometrial neoplasms in the uterus of B6C3F1 mice [; ]. In women, hormonal influences, such as "unopposed" estrogenic stimulus, have been implicated as important etiologic factors in uterine cancer. BE, however, does not affect the serum concentrations of sex hormones in female B6C3F1 mice [] and the mechanism of BE-induced uterine carcinogenesis still remains unclear. In the present study, we examined the estrogenic effects of BE on the uterus of ovariectomized B6C3F1 mice and on Ishikawa cells. Groups of 6 mice were given daily s.c. injections of 0, 100, 500 or 1000 mg BE/kg for 3 consecutive days. Mice treated with 17beta-estradiol served as positive controls. Mice were necropsied 24 h after the final injection, and uteri were weighed and examined histologically and immunohistochemically along with the vagina. Changes observed in the estrogen-treated mice included increased uterine weights, edema and inflammation of the endometrium, increased epithelial layers of the uterine and vaginal lumens and keratinization of the vaginal epithelium. In the BE-treated mice, no such changes occurred; however, immunohistochemical staining of the uterus revealed a significant increase in immunoexpression of the estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha) in the two higher dose groups. Analysis of mRNA also showed slightly increased uterine ERalpha expression in these groups. Upregulated expression of ERalpha was confirmed in BE-treated Ishikawa cells, in which Western blotting analyses identified an intense signal at approximately 66 kDa, which is consistent with ERalpha. These data suggest that upregulated expression of ERalpha may be important in the induction of endometrial neoplasms in BE-treated mice.
|
['Animals', 'Blotting, Western', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Endometritis', 'Endometrium', 'Estradiol', 'Estrogen Receptor alpha', 'Female', 'Hydrocarbons, Brominated', 'Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase', 'Immunochemistry', 'Injections, Subcutaneous', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred Strains', 'Organ Size', 'Ovariectomy', 'Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen', 'Ribonucleases', 'Up-Regulation', 'Uterus']
| 15,922,381
|
[['B01.050'], ['E05.196.401.143', 'E05.301.300.096', 'E05.478.566.320.200', 'E05.601.262', 'E05.601.470.320.200'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['C13.351.500.056.750.249', 'C13.351.500.852.299'], ['A05.360.319.679.490'], ['D04.210.500.365.415.248', 'D06.472.334.851.437.500'], ['D12.776.826.750.350.174'], ['D02.455.526.368'], ['D08.811.913.400.725.450'], ['H01.158.201.486', 'H01.181.122.605', 'H02.403.044.500'], ['E02.319.267.530.620'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.660', 'E05.041.124.715', 'G07.100.100.660', 'G07.345.249.690'], ['E04.270.282.685', 'E04.950.165.685', 'E04.950.300.680'], ['D12.776.660.740', 'D23.050.290.750', 'D23.101.140.600'], ['D08.811.277.352.700'], ['G02.111.905', 'G05.308.850', 'G07.690.773.998'], ['A05.360.319.679']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Good, bad or indifferent: a longitudinal multi-methods study comparing four modes of training for healthcare professionals in one Australian state.
|
OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to compare the differences in learning outcomes for supervision training of healthcare professionals across four modes namely face-to-face, videoconference, online and blended modes. Furthermore, changes sustained at 3 months were examined.DESIGN/METHODS: A multimethods quasi-experimental longitudinal design was used. Data were collected at three points-before training, immediately after training and at 3 months post-training. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected through anonymous surveys and reflective summaries, respectively.RESULTS: Participants reported an increase in supervision knowledge and confidence immediately after training that was sustained at 3 months with all four modalities of training. Using analysis of variance, we found these changes were sustained at 3 months postcompletion (confidence p<0.01 and knowledge p<0.01). However, there was no statistically significant difference in outcomes between the four modes of training delivery (confidence, p=0.22 or knowledge, p=0.39). Reflective summary data highlighted the differences in terminology used by participant to describe their experiences across the different modes, the key role of the facilitator in training delivery and the merits and risks associated with online training.CONCLUSIONS: When designed and delivered carefully, training can achieve comparable outcomes across all four modes of delivery. Regardless of the mode of delivery, the facilitator in training delivery is critical in ensuring positive outcomes.
|
['Adult', 'Attitude of Health Personnel', 'Australia', 'Computer-Assisted Instruction', 'Female', 'Health Personnel', 'Humans', 'Inservice Training', 'Leadership', 'Longitudinal Studies', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Professional Competence', 'Videoconferencing']
| 30,082,352
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['F01.100.050', 'N05.300.100'], ['Z01.639.100', 'Z01.678.100.373'], ['I02.903.771.500.208'], ['M01.526.485', 'N02.360'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['I02.574'], ['F01.752.609'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['I02.399.630'], ['L01.178.847.900']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
The effect of annealing treatments on the tensile properties and hydrolytic degradative properties of polyglycolic acid sutures.
|
The purpose of this research was to examine the effect of annealing treatments on the mechanical properties of polyglycolic acid sutures, and their subsequent influence on PGA degradation properties. An attempt was made to develop a better understanding of the degradation mechanism of synthetic absorbable sutures, including the relationship of their structure, morphology, and mechanical properties. PGA sutures were annealed under selected axial strain (freely hung, 0%, 1%, 10%), at four temperatures (150 degrees C, 170 degrees C, 180 degrees C, 190 degrees C), and two times (5 and 20 min). The annealed PGA specimens were then subjected to hydrolysis in phosphate-buffer solutions (pH = 7.4) for up to 28 days at 37 degrees C. Tensile properties were used to evaluate the effect of annealing treatments. The data were subjected to statistical analysis using the SAS system. All of the one-, and many of the two- and three-factor interactions were found to be statistically significant. Annealing treatments did alter the mechanical properties of PGA sutures, as well as their degradation properties. Except for the increase in tenacity of samples with increasing percent extension, all other respects of the annealing treatments resulted in lower tenacity and breaking elongation when compared with the control samples. Sutures that have been exposed to any level of axial tension during annealing, however, exhibited a lower rate of hydrolytic degradation than the freely hung suture samples. The reduction of the characteristics of fiber structure due to the tendency of the tie-chain molecules to acquire the less constrained conformations and thus to bring the crystal blocks they connect back to the original arrangement before drawing is believed to be responsible for the freely hung specimens to behave quite differently from the clamped and stressed PGA samples.
|
['Hydrolysis', 'Kinetics', 'Polyglycolic Acid', 'Sutures', 'Temperature', 'Tensile Strength', 'Time Factors']
| 3,011,808
|
[['G02.380'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['D05.750.728.780', 'D25.720.728.780', 'J01.637.051.720.728.780'], ['E07.858.690.820'], ['G01.906.595', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710', 'G16.500.750.775.710', 'N06.230.150.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710'], ['G01.374.850'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Epicutaneous application of leukotriene B4 induces patterns of tenascin and a heparan sulfate proteoglycan epitope that are typical for psoriatic lesions.
|
Application of leukotriene B4 (LTB4) to normal human skin induces changes similar to those found in psoriatic skin, and it has proved to be a useful model for studying the pathogenesis and treatment of psoriasis. We studied the expression patterns of molecules that have recently been shown to be altered in lesional psoriatic skin, including the extracellular matrix protein tenascin (TN) and the basement membrane and cell surface-associated heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs). During 72-h the expression of these markers was studied immunohistochemically and the expression of TN was correlated with epidermal proliferation and influx of inflammatory cells. Following the peak influx of polymorphonuclear leukocytes, a marked increase in TN expression was noted in the papillary dermis 72 h after LTB4 application. The expression patterns of basal membrane-associated epitopes of HSPG remained unaltered, whereas the expression of cell surface-associated HSPG disappeared 72 h after LTB4 application. A significant correlation was found between dermal TN expression and epidermal hyperproliferation, and between TN expression and the presence of dermal T cells. These findings indicate that the model of LTB4-induced acute cutaneous inflammation displays many characteristics of early psoriatic lesions and could serve as a model to study some of the cell biological changes in this disease.
|
['Administration, Cutaneous', 'Adult', 'Cell Division', 'Dermatitis, Irritant', 'Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans', 'Heparitin Sulfate', 'Humans', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Inflammation', 'Leukotriene B4', 'Male', 'Models, Biological', 'Proteoglycans', 'Psoriasis', 'Skin', 'Tenascin']
| 9,209,678
|
[['E02.319.267.120.060'], ['M01.060.116'], ['G04.144.220', 'G04.161.750.500', 'G05.113', 'G07.345.249.410.750.500'], ['C17.800.174.255.400', 'C17.800.815.255.400'], ['D09.698.373.425.500', 'D09.698.735.400', 'D12.776.395.650.350'], ['D09.698.373.425'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['C23.550.470'], ['D10.251.355.255.100.450.411', 'D10.251.355.310.166.887.411', 'D23.469.050.175.450.415'], ['E05.599.395'], ['D09.698.735', 'D12.776.395.650'], ['C17.800.859.675'], ['A17.815'], ['D12.776.860.300.850']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Error signals driving locomotor adaptation: cutaneous feedback from the foot is used to adapt movement during perturbed walking.
|
KEY POINTS: Sensory input from peripheral receptors are important for the regulation of walking patterns. Cutaneous input mediates muscle responses to deal with immediate external perturbations. In this study we focused on the role of cutaneous feedback in locomotor adaptation that takes place over minutes of training. We show that interfering with cutaneous feedback reduced adaptation to ankle perturbations during walking. These results help us understand the neural mechanisms underlying walking adaptation, and have clinical implications for treating walking impairments after neurological injuries.ABSTRACT: Locomotor patterns must be adapted to external forces encountered during daily activities. The contribution of different sensory inputs to detecting perturbations and adapting movements during walking is unclear. In the present study, we examined the role of cutaneous feedback in adapting walking patterns to force perturbations. Forces were applied to the ankle joint during the early swing phase using an electrohydraulic ankle-foot orthosis. Repetitive 80 Hz electrical stimulation was applied to disrupt cutaneous feedback from the superficial peroneal nerve (foot dorsum) and medial plantar nerve (foot sole) during walking (Choi et al. 2013). Sensory tests were performed to measure the cutaneous touch threshold and perceptual threshold of force perturbations. Ankle movement were measured when the subjects walked on the treadmill over three periods: baseline (1 min), adaptation (1 min) and post-adaptation (3 min). Subjects (n = 10) showed increased touch thresholds measured with Von Frey monofilaments and increased force perception thresholds with stimulation. Stimulation reduced the magnitude of walking adaptation to force perturbation. In addition, we compared the effects of interrupting cutaneous feedback using anaesthesia (n = 5) instead of repetitive nerve stimulation. Foot anaesthesia reduced ankle adaptation to external force perturbations during walking. The results of the present study suggest that cutaneous input plays a role in force perception, and may contribute to the 'error' signal involved in driving walking adaptation when there is a mismatch between expected and actual force.
|
['Adaptation, Physiological', 'Adult', 'Anesthetics, Local', 'Ankle Joint', 'Electric Stimulation', 'Electromyography', 'Feedback, Physiological', 'Female', 'Foot', 'Humans', 'Lidocaine', 'Male', 'Muscle, Skeletal', 'Peroneal Nerve', 'Tibial Nerve', 'Walking', 'Young Adult']
| 27,218,896
|
[['G07.025', 'G16.012.500'], ['M01.060.116'], ['D27.505.696.277.100.200', 'D27.505.696.663.850.025', 'D27.505.954.427.210.100.200'], ['A02.835.583.378.062'], ['E05.723.402'], ['E01.370.405.255', 'E01.370.530.255'], ['G07.410.732'], ['A01.378.610.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D02.065.199.092.500', 'D02.092.146.113.092.500'], ['A02.633.567', 'A10.690.552.500'], ['A08.800.800.720.450.760.640'], ['A08.800.800.720.450.760.820'], ['G11.427.410.568.900', 'G11.427.410.698.277.937', 'I03.350.937', 'I03.450.642.845.940'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
[Technology and progress in orthodontics].
|
As in other areas of dentistry, too, technological progress has resulted in new developments for diagnostic and therapeutic applications in orthodontics. The use of new technologies is focussed on two main areas: the use of new materials and methods in the treatment with fixed appliances, and the use of electronic data processing in diagnosis, particularly in cephalometry.
|
['Cephalometry', 'Equipment Design', 'Orthodontic Appliances', 'Orthodontics']
| 2,639,060
|
[['E01.370.600.024.250', 'E05.041.250', 'N06.850.505.200.100.300'], ['E05.320'], ['E06.658.453'], ['E06.658', 'H02.163.876.439']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Intracardiac pressures in the human fetus.
|
OBJECTIVE: To obtain normal values for intracardiac pressures in the human fetus.DESIGN: Intracardiac pressures were measured directly in the four chambers of the human fetal heart during clinically indicated invasive obstetric procedures.SETTING: Department of fetal medicine in a tertiary referral centre.PATIENTS: 39 fetuses between 16 and 29 weeks of gestation.RESULTS: The ventricular waveforms obtained were similar to those found in postnatal life. There was an increase in ventricular systolic and end diastolic pressures with advancing gestation. There was no difference between left and right ventricular pressures. Atrial pressures were equal and remained constant in the gestational age range studied.CONCLUSIONS: Fetal cardiovascular pressure measurements in the normal fetus assist in understanding the fetal circulation, and provide a basis for the assessment of cases of congenital heart disease that may be amenable to intrauterine treatment.
|
['Female', 'Fetal Heart', 'Humans', 'Pregnancy', 'Pregnancy Trimester, Second', 'Reference Values', 'Ventricular Pressure']
| 10,862,590
|
[['A07.541.278', 'A16.378.303'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['G08.686.707.490'], ['E05.978.810'], ['G09.330.380.937', 'G09.330.955.950']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
On early brain folding patterns using biomechanical growth modeling.
|
Abnormal cortical folding patterns may be related to neurodevelopmental disorders such as lissencephaly and polymicrogyria. In this context, computational modeling is a powerful tool to provide a better understanding of the early brain folding process. Recent studies based on biomechanical modeling have shown that mechanical forces play a crucial role in the formation of cortical convolutions. However, the correlation between simulation results and biological facts, and the effect of physical parameters in these models remain unclear. In this paper, we propose a new brain longitudinal length growth model to improve brain model growth. In addition, we investigate the effect of the initial cortical thickness on folding patterns, quantifying the folds by the surface-based three-dimensional gyrification index and a spectral analysis of gyrification. The results tend to show that the use of such biomechanical models could highlight the links between neurodevelopmental diseases and physical parameters.
|
['Brain', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Models, Theoretical', 'Physical Examination']
| 31,945,865
|
[['A08.186.211'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['E05.599'], ['E01.370.600']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Effects of cholinergic and adrenergic agonists on the secretion of fluid and protein by submandibular glands of the hamster and the rat.
|
1. Significant differences were observed between the hamster and the rat in terms of the secretion of fluid and protein from submandibular glands in response to pilocarpine, phenylephrine and isoproterenol. 2. In both the rat and the hamster the secretory responses induced by pilocarpine, phenylephrine and isoproterenol were inhibited by pretreatment with 4-DAMP, prazosin and metoprolol, respectively. 3. These results suggest that the submandibular glands of the hamster and the rat have M3-cholinoreceptors, as well as alpha 1- and beta 1-adrenoceptors, and that these receptors play different roles in the secretion of fluid and protein from hamster and rat submandibular glands.
|
['Animals', 'Cricetinae', 'Isoproterenol', 'Male', 'Mesocricetus', 'Metoprolol', 'Parasympathomimetics', 'Phenylephrine', 'Pilocarpine', 'Piperidines', 'Prazosin', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha', 'Receptors, Adrenergic, beta', 'Receptors, Cholinergic', 'Saliva', 'Salivary Proteins and Peptides', 'Submandibular Gland', 'Sympathomimetics']
| 1,360,384
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.075.250'], ['D02.033.100.291.439', 'D02.092.063.291.439', 'D02.092.311.649', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.175.649'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.075.250.500'], ['D02.033.100.624.698.573', 'D02.033.755.624.698.573', 'D02.092.063.624.698.573'], ['D27.505.696.663.050.675'], ['D02.033.100.291.617', 'D02.092.063.291.617'], ['D03.132.672'], ['D03.383.621'], ['D03.633.100.786.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['D12.776.543.750.670.300.300.300', 'D12.776.543.750.695.150.300.300', 'D12.776.543.750.720.330.300.300'], ['D12.776.543.750.670.300.300.340', 'D12.776.543.750.695.150.300.340', 'D12.776.543.750.720.330.300.340'], ['D12.776.543.750.720.360'], ['A12.200.666'], ['D12.644.848', 'D12.776.850'], ['A03.556.500.760.812', 'A10.336.779.812', 'A14.549.760.812'], ['D27.505.696.663.050.870']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Certification of polio eradication: process and lessons learned.
|
Since the 1988 World Health Assembly resolution to eradicate poliomyelitis, considerable progress has been made towards interrupting the transmission of wild poliovirus globally. A formal process for the certification of polio eradication was established on the basis of experience gained during smallpox eradication. Independent groups of experts were designated at the global, regional, and country levels to conduct the process. The main requirements for the global certification of the eradication of wild poliovirus are the absence of wild poliovirus, isolated from suspect polio cases, healthy individuals, or environmental samples, in all WHO regions for a period of at least three years in the presence of high-quality, certification-standard surveillance and the containment of all wild poliovirus stocks in laboratories. Three WHO regions--the Region of the Americas (1994), Western Pacific Region (2000), and European Region (2002)--have already been certified free of indigenous wild poliovirus. Eradication and certification activities are progressing well in the three endemic regions (African, Eastern Mediterranean, and South-East Asia). Several challenges remain for the certification of polio eradication: the need for even closer coordination of certification activities between WHO regions, the verification of laboratory containment, the development of an appropriate mechanism to verify the absence of circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses in the future, and the maintenance of polio-free status in certified regions until global certification.
|
['Africa', 'Americas', 'Asia, Southeastern', 'Certification', 'Europe', 'Humans', 'Mediterranean Region', 'Pacific States', 'Poliomyelitis', 'Population Surveillance', 'World Health Organization']
| 15,106,297
|
[['Z01.058'], ['Z01.107'], ['Z01.252.145'], ['N03.706.110.120', 'N05.700.200.190'], ['Z01.542'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.542.580'], ['Z01.107.567.875.580'], ['C01.207.618.750', 'C01.925.782.687.359.764', 'C10.228.228.618.750', 'C10.228.854.525.850', 'C10.668.864'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.700', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.625', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.700', 'N06.850.780.675'], ['N03.540.514.718.800']]
|
['Geographicals [Z]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Effect of short-term, high-intensity exercise training on human skeletal muscle citrate synthase maximal activity: single versus multiple bouts per session.
|
The legs of 9 men (age 21 ± 2 years, 45 ± 4 mL/(kg·min)) were randomly assigned to complete 6 sessions of high-intensity exercise training, involving either one or four 5-min bouts of counterweighted, single-leg cycling. Needle biopsies from vastus lateralis revealed that citrate synthase maximal activity increased after training in the 4-bout group (p = 0.035) but not the 1-bout group (p = 0.10), with a significant difference between groups post-training (13%, p = 0.021). Novelty Short-term training using brief intense exercise requires multiple bouts per session to increase mitochondrial content in human skeletal muscle.
|
['Biopsy, Needle', 'Citrate (si)-Synthase', 'Exercise', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Mitochondria, Muscle', 'Quadriceps Muscle', 'Time Factors', 'Young Adult']
| 31,618,598
|
[['E01.370.225.500.384.100.119', 'E01.370.225.998.054.119', 'E01.370.388.100.100', 'E04.074.119', 'E04.665.100', 'E05.200.500.384.100.119', 'E05.200.998.054.119', 'E05.242.384.100.119'], ['D08.811.913.050.368'], ['G11.427.410.698.277', 'I03.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.564.627', 'A11.284.835.626.627'], ['A02.633.567.850'], ['G01.910.857'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
The 1999 Stockholm Consensus Conference on quality specifications in laboratory medicine.
|
The setting of analytical quality specifications in laboratory medicine has been a topic of discussion and debate for over 50 years: 15 years ago, as the subject matured and a profusion of recommendations appeared, many of them from expert groups, it was realised by a number of leading professionals that there was a need for a global consensus on the setting of such specifications. The Stockholm Conference held in 1999 on "Strategies to set global analytical quality specifications in laboratory medicine" achieved this and advocated the ubiquitous application of a hierarchical structure of approaches. The hierarchy has five levels, namely: 1) evaluation of the effect of analytical performance on clinical outcomes in specific clinical settings; 2) evaluation of the effect of analytical performance on clinical decisions in general using a) data based on components of biological variation, or b) analysis of clinicians' opinions; 3) published professional recommendations from a) national and international expert bodies, or b) expert local groups or individuals; 4) performance goals set by a) regulatory bodies, or b) organisers of external quality assessment (EQA) schemes; and 5) goals based on the current state of the art as a) demonstrated by data from EQA or proficiency testing scheme, or b) found in current publications on methodology. This approach has been much used since its wide promulgation, but there have been ongoing criticisms and new developments. The time seems right for an objective reappraisal of recommended strategies to set analytical performance goals.
|
['Clinical Laboratory Techniques', 'Consensus', 'Laboratory Proficiency Testing', 'Quality Control']
| 25,720,125
|
[['E01.370.225', 'E05.200'], ['F01.829.316.068', 'F02.463.785.373.433'], ['J01.897.608.500', 'N04.761.700.512'], ['J01.897.608']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Experimental model of syringomyelia in rabbits.
|
We studied the possibility of reproducing syringomyelia in rabbits by injection of serum from patients with syringomyelia. Clinical signs of syringomyelia and morphological changes in the central nervous system (cavities, dilatation of the cerebrospinal channel, neurodegeneration, gliosis) developed in laboratory animals over 60-120 days. This laboratory model is easily reproducible, stable, and maximally similar to the natural disease, which suggests it for the studies of the pathogenesis and development of new therapeutic methods.
|
['Animals', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Humans', 'Rabbits', 'Serum', 'Spinal Cord', 'Syringomyelia']
| 18,214,310
|
[['B01.050'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.968.700'], ['A12.207.152.846', 'A15.145.846'], ['A08.186.854'], ['C10.228.854.833']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Use of Recorded Poetic Audios to Manage Levels of Anxiety and Sleep Disorders.
|
Anxiety and sleep disorders are highly prevalent affecting millions of people worldwide. Complementary therapies like art therapy, bibliotherapy, and music have been used to manage these problems. The objective of this study was to evaluate levels of anxiety and sleep disorder symptoms of participants before and after a 30-day intervention of listening to short poetic audios. Thirty-one participants listened to audio-taped messages, which associate music and literature for 30 days. Questionnaires were answered by participants prior to the start of the study (baseline collection) and after 30 days (final collection). Setting: the study was done in the city of Ribeirao Preto (Sao Paulo-Brazil). Participants were 31 adults with anxiety symptoms and sleep problems. The scores of the questionnaires were analyzed and compared by the t test for paired samples (á = 0.05), used to evaluate possible differences in anxiety and stress symptoms and sleep disturbances before and after the 30 days of intervention. Significantly lower levels of anxiety and sleep disorders were found after the 30-day intervention. This study reinforces the benefits of music and literature for improving the quality of life of people by reducing levels of anxiety and sleep disorder symptoms.
|
['Adult', 'Anxiety', 'Brazil', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Music Therapy', 'Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care', 'Quality of Life', 'Sleep Wake Disorders']
| 31,696,376
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['F01.470.132'], ['Z01.107.757.176'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E02.190.888.500', 'E02.760.169.063.500.440', 'E02.831.440', 'F04.754.549'], ['N04.761.559', 'N05.715.360.575'], ['I01.800', 'K01.752.400.750', 'N06.850.505.400.425.837'], ['C10.886', 'C23.888.592.796', 'F03.870']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
NAD+
|
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) kills infected macrophages by inhibiting apoptosis and promoting necrosis. The tuberculosis necrotizing toxin (TNT) is a secreted nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) glycohydrolase that induces necrosis in infected macrophages. Here, we show that NAD+ depletion by TNT activates RIPK3 and MLKL, key mediators of necroptosis. Notably, Mtb bypasses the canonical necroptosis pathway since neither TNF-á nor RIPK1 are required for macrophage death. Macrophage necroptosis is associated with depolarized mitochondria and impaired ATP synthesis, known hallmarks of Mtb-induced cell death. These results identify TNT as the main trigger of necroptosis in Mtb-infected macrophages. Surprisingly, NAD+ depletion itself was sufficient to trigger necroptosis in a RIPK3- and MLKL-dependent manner by inhibiting the NAD+ salvage pathway in THP-1 cells or by TNT expression in Jurkat T cells. These findings suggest avenues for host-directed therapies to treat tuberculosis and other infectious and age-related diseases in which NAD+ deficiency is a pathological factor.
|
['Animals', 'Apoptosis', 'Bacterial Toxins', 'Biocatalysis', 'Cytoprotection', 'Humans', 'Jurkat Cells', 'Macrophages', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Mitochondria', 'Models, Biological', 'Mycobacterium tuberculosis', 'NAD', 'NAD+ Nucleosidase', 'Necrosis', 'Niacinamide', 'Protein Kinases', 'Receptor-Interacting Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases', 'THP-1 Cells', 'Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha']
| 29,996,103
|
[['B01.050'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['D23.946.123'], ['G02.111.086', 'G02.130.500', 'G03.105'], ['G07.690.773.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A11.251.210.190.495', 'A11.251.860.180.495', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.440'], ['A11.329.372', 'A11.627.482', 'A11.733.397', 'A15.382.670.522', 'A15.382.680.397'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.564', 'A11.284.835.626'], ['E05.599.395'], ['B03.510.024.962.500.702', 'B03.510.460.400.410.552.552.702'], ['D03.633.100.759.646.138.694', 'D08.211.589', 'D13.695.667.138.694', 'D13.695.827.068.694'], ['D08.811.277.450.430.400', 'D08.811.913.400.725.115.660'], ['C23.550.717'], ['D03.066.515.530', 'D03.383.725.547.530'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.801', 'D12.644.360.024.285.400', 'D12.644.360.024.500.186', 'D12.644.360.075.421.400', 'D12.776.157.057.018.400', 'D12.776.157.057.500.186', 'D12.776.476.024.320.662', 'D12.776.476.024.500.186', 'D12.776.476.075.421.400'], ['A11.251.210.190.815', 'A11.251.860.180.815'], ['D12.644.276.374.500.800', 'D12.644.276.374.750.626', 'D12.776.124.900', 'D12.776.395.930', 'D12.776.467.374.500.800', 'D12.776.467.374.750.626', 'D23.529.374.500.800', 'D23.529.374.750.626']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Sustaining clinician penetration, attitudes and knowledge in cognitive-behavioral therapy for youth anxiety.
|
BACKGROUND: Questions remain regarding the sustainment of evidence-based practices following implementation. The present study examined the sustainment of community clinicians' implementation (i.e., penetration) of cognitive-behavioral therapy, attitudes toward evidence-based practices, and knowledge of cognitive-behavioral therapy for youth anxiety two years following training and consultation in cognitive-behavioral therapy for youth anxiety.METHODS: Of the original 115 participants, 50 individuals (43%) participated in the two-year follow-up. A t- test examined sustainment in penetration over time. Hierarchical linear modeling examined sustainment in knowledge and attitudes over time. Time spent in consultation sessions was examined as a potential moderator of the change in knowledge and attitudes.RESULTS: Findings indicated sustained self-reported penetration of cognitive-behavioral therapy for anxious youth, with low fidelity to some key CBT components (i.e., exposure tasks). Follow-up knowledge was higher than at baseline but lower than it had been immediately following the consultation phase of the study. Belief in the utility of evidence-based practices was sustained. Willingness to implement an evidence-based practice if required to do so, appeal of evidence-based practices, and openness toward evidence-based practices were not sustained. Participation in consultation positively moderated changes in knowledge and some attitudes.CONCLUSIONS: Sustainment varied depending on the outcome examined. Generally, greater participation in consultation predicted greater sustainment. Implications for future training include higher dosages of consultation.
|
['Adolescent', 'Anxiety', 'Attitude of Health Personnel', 'Clinical Competence', 'Cognitive Behavioral Therapy', 'Diffusion of Innovation', 'Evidence-Based Medicine', 'Female', 'Guideline Adherence', 'Humans', 'Male', "Practice Patterns, Physicians'", 'Surveys and Questionnaires']
| 25,030,651
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['F01.470.132'], ['F01.100.050', 'N05.300.100'], ['I02.399.630.210', 'N04.761.210', 'N05.715.175'], ['F04.754.137.350'], ['L01.143.320'], ['H02.249.750', 'H02.403.200.400'], ['N04.761.337', 'N05.715.360.395'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N04.590.374.577', 'N05.300.625'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Generation and characterization of polyclonal antibodies against mouse T-cell immunoglobulin and immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory domain by DNA-based immunization.
|
Mouse T-cell immunoglobulin and immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory domain (TIGIT) is a newly identified surface protein expressed in regulatory, memory, natural killer (NK), and activated T cells. Several studies indicate that mouse TIGIT is a vital immunomodulator that can control the activities of both NK and T cells and plays an important role in transplantation tolerance. In this study, we designed a vector, TIGIT-pcDNA3.1 (+), that encodes the complete coding sequence of mouse TIGIT. The vector was intramuscularly injected into rats, and then the specific antisera were harvested and purified using a protein A/G PLUS-agarose affinity column. Western blot and immunohistochemistry analyses revealed that the antibodies generated by DNA immunization can bind with the mouse TIGIT. Using these antibodies in immunoblots, TIGIT was detected in lysates of mouse organs, T cells from mouse lymph nodes, and recombinant mouse fusion protein of TIGIT and Fc fragment. Immunohistochemistry analysis of normal mouse kidney showed that immunoreactivity was located on endothelial cells of glomerular capillary loops and peritubular capillaries. Our results demonstrated that the DNA immunization of rats through intramuscular injection was a simple and easily available method of producing polyclonal antibodies that can be used to detect and analyze mouse TIGIT expression in mouse systems.
|
['Animals', 'Antibodies', 'DNA', 'Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay', 'Female', 'Immunization', 'Immunoglobulin G', 'Immunoglobulins', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Lymph Nodes', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Protein Structure, Tertiary', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Receptors, Immunologic', 'Recombinant Proteins', 'Spleen', 'T-Lymphocytes', 'Tyrosine']
| 24,507,063
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114'], ['D13.444.308'], ['E05.478.566.350.170', 'E05.478.566.380.360', 'E05.478.583.400.170', 'E05.601.470.350.170', 'E05.601.470.380.360'], ['E02.095.465.425.400', 'E05.478.550', 'N02.421.726.758.310', 'N06.850.780.200.425', 'N06.850.780.680.310'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.619.393', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.619.393', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.619.393'], ['D12.776.124.486.485', 'D12.776.124.790.651', 'D12.776.377.715.548'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['A10.549.400', 'A15.382.520.604.412'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['E05.393.620.500'], ['G02.111.570.820.709.610'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['D12.776.543.750.705'], ['D12.776.828'], ['A10.549.700', 'A15.382.520.604.700'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.569', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569'], ['D12.125.072.050.875']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Phosphomimetic modulation of eNOS improves myocardial reperfusion and mimics cardiac postconditioning in mice.
|
OBJECTIVE: Myocardial infarction resulting from ischemia-reperfusion injury can be reduced by cardiac postconditioning, in which blood flow is restored intermittently prior to full reperfusion. Although key molecular mechanisms and prosurvival pathways involved in postconditioning have been identified, a direct role for eNOS-derived NO in improving regional myocardial perfusion has not been shown. The objective of this study is to measure, with high temporal and spatial resolution, regional myocardial perfusion during ischemia-reperfusion and postconditioning, in order to determine the contribution of regional blood flow effects of NO to infarct size and protection.METHODS AND RESULTS: We used myocardial contrast echocardiography to measure regional myocardial blood flow in mice over time. Reperfusion after myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury is improved by postconditioning, as well as by phosphomimetic eNOS modulation. Knock-in mice expressing a phosphomimetic S1176D form of eNOS showed improved myocardial reperfusion and significantly reduced infarct size. eNOS knock-out mice failed to show cardioprotection from postconditioning. The size of the no-reflow zone following ischemia-reperfusion is substantially reduced by postconditioning and by the phosphomimetic eNOS mutation.CONCLUSIONS AND SIGNIFICANCE: Using myocardial contrast echocardiography, we show that temporal dynamics of regional myocardial perfusion restoration contribute to reduced infarct size after postconditioning. eNOS has direct effects on myocardial blood flow following ischemia-reperfusion, with reduction in the size of the no-reflow zone. These results have important implications for ongoing clinical trials on cardioprotection, because the degree of protective benefit may be significantly influenced by the regional hemodynamic effects of eNOS-derived NO.
|
['Animals', 'Contrast Media', 'Coronary Circulation', 'Enzyme Activation', 'Ischemic Postconditioning', 'Kinetics', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Mice, Knockout', 'Mutant Proteins', 'Myocardial Reperfusion', 'Myocardial Reperfusion Injury', 'Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III', 'Phosphorylation', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt', 'Ultrasonography']
| 24,465,805
|
[['B01.050'], ['D27.505.259.500', 'D27.720.259'], ['G09.330.100.324'], ['G02.111.263', 'G03.328'], ['E02.587'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['B01.050.050.136.500.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.455', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800.500'], ['D12.776.602'], ['E04.100.700.600', 'E05.680.730.600'], ['C14.280.238.615', 'C14.280.647.625', 'C14.907.585.625', 'C14.907.725.600', 'C23.550.767.877.500'], ['D08.811.682.664.500.772.750'], ['G02.111.665', 'G02.607.780', 'G03.796'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.755', 'D12.776.476.565', 'D12.776.624.664.700.168'], ['E01.370.350.850']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Tolerance of DNA Replication Stress Is Promoted by Fumarate Through Modulation of Histone Demethylation and Enhancement of Replicative Intermediate Processing in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
|
Fumarase is a well-characterized TCA cycle enzyme that catalyzes the reversible conversion of fumarate to malate. In mammals, fumarase acts as a tumor suppressor, and loss-of-function mutations in the FH gene in hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer result in the accumulation of intracellular fumarate-an inhibitor of á-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases. Fumarase promotes DNA repair by nonhomologous end joining in mammalian cells through interaction with the histone variant H2A.Z, and inhibition of KDM2B, a H3 K36-specific histone demethylase. Here, we report that Saccharomyces cerevisiae fumarase, Fum1p, acts as a response factor during DNA replication stress, and fumarate enhances survival of yeast lacking Htz1p (H2A.Z in mammals). We observed that exposure to DNA replication stress led to upregulation as well as nuclear enrichment of Fum1p, and raising levels of fumarate in cells via deletion of FUM1 or addition of exogenous fumarate suppressed the sensitivity to DNA replication stress of htz1Ä mutants. This suppression was independent of modulating nucleotide pool levels. Rather, our results are consistent with fumarate conferring resistance to DNA replication stress in htz1Ä mutants by inhibiting the H3 K4-specific histone demethylase Jhd2p, and increasing H3 K4 methylation. Although the timing of checkpoint activation and deactivation remained largely unaffected by fumarate, sensors and mediators of the DNA replication checkpoint were required for fumarate-dependent resistance to replication stress in the htz1Ä mutants. Together, our findings imply metabolic enzymes and metabolites aid in processing replicative intermediates by affecting chromatin modification states, thereby promoting genome integrity.
|
['DNA Replication', 'Fumarate Hydratase', 'Fumarates', 'Histone Code', 'Histones', 'Jumonji Domain-Containing Histone Demethylases', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins', 'Stress, Physiological']
| 31,123,043
|
[['G02.111.225', 'G05.226'], ['D08.811.520.241.300.300'], ['D02.241.081.337.302'], ['G02.111.570.060.360', 'G05.360.360'], ['D12.776.157.687.485', 'D12.776.660.720.485', 'D12.776.664.469'], ['D08.811.682.662.582.475.500', 'D08.811.682.690.416.388'], ['B01.300.107.795.785.800', 'B01.300.930.705.655'], ['D12.776.354.750'], ['G07.775']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Immunohistochemical localization of antigen presenting cells in liver from patients with primary biliary cirrhosis; highly restricted distribution of CD83-positive activated dendritic cells.
|
In order to have insights into the abnormal immune regulation in primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), different types of antigen presenting cells (APC) were localized immunohistochemically in liver specimens from 26 patients with PBC and compared with the distributions of APC from 11 and 10 patients with chronic hepatitis C (CH-C) and large bile duct obstruction, respectively. In all diagnostic conditions, 30-90% of the infiltrating cells were positive for HLA DR. In PBC, the numbers of interdigitating cells (IDC) were significantly higher than the numbers of CD83-positive dendritic cells (DC) (34.0 +/- 38.8 vs. 5.5 +/- 7.1/specimen, mean +/- SD, p < 0.05). On the other hand, the numbers of IDC (14.2 +/- 20.0/specimen) and CD83-positive DC (7.9 +/- 8.7/specimen) were almost similar in CH-C (p > 0.05). Positive stainings for IDC and CD83-positive DC were rarely seen in large bile duct obstruction. This is the first report on the existence of activated CD83-positive DC in PBC. The significantly increased numbers of IDC and the highly restricted distributions of CD83-positive DC in PBC indicate that activated DC may play a role in the abnormal immune pathogenesis of PBC.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Antigen-Presenting Cells', 'Antigens, CD', 'Cholestasis', 'Dendritic Cells', 'Female', 'HLA-DR Antigens', 'Hepatitis C, Chronic', 'Humans', 'Immunoglobulins', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Liver', 'Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary', 'Male', 'Membrane Glycoproteins', 'Middle Aged']
| 10,220,795
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['A11.066', 'A15.382.066'], ['D23.050.301.264.035', 'D23.101.100.110'], ['C06.130.120.135'], ['A11.066.270', 'A11.436.270', 'A15.382.066.270', 'A15.382.670.260'], ['D12.776.395.550.509.400.440', 'D12.776.543.550.440.400.440', 'D23.050.301.500.400.400.440', 'D23.050.301.500.450.400.440', 'D23.050.705.552.410.400.440', 'D23.050.705.552.450.400.440'], ['C01.221.250.750.120', 'C01.925.440.440.120', 'C01.925.782.350.350.120', 'C06.552.380.350.120', 'C06.552.380.705.440.120'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.124.486.485', 'D12.776.124.790.651', 'D12.776.377.715.548'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['A03.620'], ['C06.130.120.135.250.250', 'C06.552.150.250', 'C06.552.630.400', 'C23.550.355.412.400'], ['D12.776.395.550', 'D12.776.543.550'], ['M01.060.116.630']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
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