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Methylation associated transcriptional repression of ELOVL5 in novel colorectal cancer cell lines.
|
Genetic and epigenetic alterations mark colorectal cancer (CRC). Global hypomethylation is observed in nearly all CRC, but a distinct subset of CRC show the CpG Island Methylator Phenotype (CIMP). These tumors show DNA hypermethylation of a specific subset of CpG islands, resulting in transcriptional downregulation of nearby genes. Recently we reported the establishment of novel CRC cell lines derived from primary and metastatic CRC tissues. In this study we describe the DNA methylation profiling of these low passage CRC cell lines. We generated global DNA methylation profiles with Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChips and analysed them in conjunction with matching gene expression profiles. Multidimensional scaling of the DNA methylation and gene expression datasets showed that BRAF mutated cell lines form a distinct group. In this group we investigated the 706 loci which we have previously identified to be hypermethylated in BRAF mutant CRC. We validated the significant findings in the The Cancer Genome Atlas colon adenocarcinoma dataset. Our analysis identified ELOVL5, FAM127B, MTERF1, ZNF606 to be subject to transcriptional downregulation through DNA hypermethylation in CRC. We further investigated ELOVL5 with qPCR and immunohistochemical staining, validating our results, but did not find a clear relation between ELOVL5 expression and tumor stage or relapse free survival. ELOVL5, FAM127B, MTERF1, ZNF606 are involved in important cellular processes such as apoptosis, lipogenesis and the downstream transcriptional effect of the MAPK-pathway. We have identified a DNA methylation profile regulating key cellular processes in CRC, resulting in a growth advantage to the tumor cells.
|
['Acetyltransferases', 'Adenocarcinoma', 'Aged', 'Biomarkers, Tumor', 'Cohort Studies', 'Colorectal Neoplasms', 'DNA Methylation', 'Fatty Acid Elongases', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Neoplasm Recurrence, Local', 'Neoplasm Staging', 'Prognosis', 'Survival Rate', 'Tumor Cells, Cultured']
| 28,931,069
|
[['D08.811.913.050.134'], ['C04.557.470.200.025'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D23.101.140'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['C04.588.274.476.411.307', 'C06.301.371.411.307', 'C06.405.249.411.307', 'C06.405.469.158.356', 'C06.405.469.491.307', 'C06.405.469.860.180'], ['G02.111.035.538.161', 'G02.111.218', 'G03.059.538.161', 'G05.206'], ['D08.811.913.050.134.343'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['G05.308.370'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.697.655', 'C23.550.727.655'], ['E01.789.625'], ['E01.789'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.900', 'N01.224.935.698.826', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.900', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.900'], ['A11.251.860']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
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[Clusterin is a potential serum marker of hepatic carcinoma].
|
OBJECTIVE: To determine the differentially expressed serum proteins in patients with hepatoma carcinoma and identify a putative diagnostic marker.METHOD: The isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) labeling method and LC-MALDI-TOF/TOF MS detection method were used to quantify serum proteins in hepatocellular carcinoma patients (n =20) and healthy individuals (n =20). Real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was used to verify the differentially expressed proteins by analyzing the corresponding mRNA expression levels in the hepatic carcinoma and healthy hepatocyte samples, as well as in 30 pairs of patient-matched hepatic carcinoma and adjacent normal tissue samples. Western blot analysis was used to verify the protein expression in hepatic carcinoma cells.RESULT: Fifty-one proteins were significantly differentially expressed between the hepatic carcinoma group and healthy controls. The iTRAQ protein profile showed that the serum level of clusterin was significantly lower in hepatoma carcinoma patients. The mRNA level of clusterin was 20-fold lower in hepatic carcinoma cells than in healthy hepatocytes, and was 2.38-fold lower in hepatoma tissues than that in adjacent normal tissues. The clusterin protein levels were significantly lower in hepatic carcinoma cells (8.06 vs normal hepatocytes: 27.81; P less than 0.01).CONCLUSION: The serum expression of clusterin is significantly decreased in both serum and tissues of hepatic carcinoma patients. The relationship between hepatic carcinoma and clusterin should be evaluated in future studies.
|
['Biomarkers', 'Carcinoma, Hepatocellular', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Clusterin', 'Humans', 'Liver Neoplasms', 'Mass Spectrometry', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Tumor Cells, Cultured']
| 22,964,148
|
[['D23.101'], ['C04.557.470.200.025.255', 'C04.588.274.623.160', 'C06.301.623.160', 'C06.552.697.160'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['D12.776.395.207', 'D12.776.580.215'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.588.274.623', 'C06.301.623', 'C06.552.697'], ['E05.196.566'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['A11.251.860']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
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A simple model of cannibalism.
|
A simple nonlinear discrete model is derived for the dynamics of a two-age class population consisting of juveniles and adults that includes cannibalism of juveniles by adults. The model is investigated analytically and numerically. It is shown how even this very simple model, by incorporating the negative and positive feedbacks due to cannibalism, can account for several important phenomena concerning the dynamics of cannibalistic populations that have been discussed and studied in the literature. These include the possibilities that the practice of cannibalism can (1) in certain circumstances be a form of self-regulation that promotes stable equilibration, while in other circumstances it can lead to population oscillations; (2) result in a viable population in circumstances when its absence would otherwise result in extinction; and (3) be the source of multiple stable equilibria and hysteresis effects.
|
['Age Factors', 'Animals', 'Cannibalism', 'Mathematics', 'Models, Biological', 'Population Dynamics']
| 1,806,108
|
[['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['B01.050'], ['F01.145.113.547.200'], ['H01.548'], ['E05.599.395'], ['I01.240.600', 'N01.224.625', 'N06.850.505.400.700']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
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Brain vessels near muscle autografts are sites for entry of isogeneic macrophages into brain.
|
An autograft of skeletal muscle on rat dorsal medulla is a permanent opening in the blood-brain barrier to solutes. Is the graft also a site for the entry of exogenous, isogeneic leukocytes? Five weeks after inserting the graft, peritoneal macrophages (M phi) from inbred Fischer rats were activated by phorbol myristate acetate, labeled with a fluorescent dye, and infused as a bolus of about 2 x 10(6) cells into the axillary artery of Fischer hosts. The cells circulated for 2 h. The brains were then fixed, frozen, and sectioned. Only when M phi had been activated and a muscle autograft inserted did appreciable numbers of M phi enter the medulla. Nonactivated M phi invaded the grafts but very few entered the brain at 2 h. In rats with gel foam grafts, only a few activated M phi invaded gel and brain. Before entering tissues, M phi must adhere to the lumenal face of vessels. Cell adhesion molecules, e.g., I-CAM-1 and its ligand adhesion molecule, leukocyte function antigen (LFA-1), are known to mediate adhesion. I-CAM-1, detected immunohistochemically, increased in graft vessels and in nearby brain vessels. The rise may have been mediated by cytokines, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-beta, found in the grafts. LFA-1, however, assayed by fluorescence-activated cell sorting, was on both activated and nonactivated, exogenous M phi. Thus, M phi-endothelial attachment may have involved other adhesion molecules, e.g., selectins. The autograft also induced major histocompatibility complex class I on microglia and classes I and II on brain vessels near the graft. These vessels, by expressing adhesion molecules, are entry routes into brain for activated, isogeneic leukocytes that can then migrate for a limited distance of 1-2 mm in an otherwise intact brain.
|
['Animals', 'Antibodies, Monoclonal', 'Capillaries', 'Cell Adhesion', 'Cell Adhesion Molecules', 'Cell Movement', 'Cerebellum', 'Cerebral Ventricles', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1', 'Interferon-gamma', 'Lymphocyte Function-Associated Antigen-1', 'Lymphotoxin-alpha', 'Macrophage Activation', 'Macrophages, Peritoneal', 'Male', 'Medulla Oblongata', 'Muscle, Smooth, Vascular', 'Muscles', 'Neovascularization, Pathologic', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred F344', 'Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate', 'Transplantation, Autologous', 'Transplantation, Isogeneic']
| 7,507,059
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224'], ['A07.015.461.165'], ['G04.022'], ['D12.776.395.550.200', 'D12.776.543.550.200', 'D23.050.301.350'], ['G04.198', 'G07.568.500.180'], ['A08.186.211.132.810.428.200'], ['A08.186.211.140'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['D12.776.395.550.200.450', 'D12.776.543.550.200.450', 'D23.050.301.350.450'], ['D12.644.276.374.440.893', 'D12.644.276.374.480.615.350', 'D12.776.467.374.440.893', 'D12.776.467.374.480.615.350', 'D23.529.374.440.893', 'D23.529.374.480.615.350'], ['D12.776.395.550.200.074.937', 'D12.776.395.550.200.625.550', 'D12.776.543.550.200.093.937', 'D12.776.543.550.200.625.550', 'D12.776.543.750.705.408.600.400', 'D12.776.543.750.705.877.550', 'D23.050.301.350.074.400', 'D23.050.301.350.625.550'], ['D12.644.276.374.480.438', 'D12.644.276.374.750.500', 'D12.776.467.374.480.438', 'D12.776.467.374.750.500', 'D23.529.374.480.438', 'D23.529.374.750.500'], ['G12.287.500'], ['A11.329.372.630', 'A11.627.482.630', 'A11.733.397.630', 'A15.382.670.522.630', 'A15.382.680.397.630'], ['A08.186.211.132.810.591.500'], ['A02.633.570.491', 'A07.015.733.500', 'A10.690.467.491'], ['A02.633', 'A10.690'], ['C23.550.589.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760.200', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400.200'], ['D02.455.849.291.500.510.850'], ['E04.936.664'], ['E04.936.864.700']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
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Exploring variations in ovarian cancer survival by age and stage (ICBP SurvMark-2): A population-based study.
|
OBJECTIVE: The study aims to evaluate the differences in ovarian cancer survival by age and stage at diagnosis within and across seven high-income countries.METHODS: We analyzed data from 58,161 women diagnosed with ovarian cancer during 2010-2014, followed until 31 December 2015, from 21 population-based cancer registries in Australia, Canada, Denmark, Ireland, New Zealand, Norway, and United Kingdom. Comparisons of 1-year and 3-year age- and stage-specific net survival (NS) between countries were performed using the period analysis approach.RESULTS: Minor variation in the stage distribution was observed between countries, with most women being diagnosed with 'distant' stage (ranging between 64% in Canada and 71% in Norway). The 3-year all-ages NS ranged from 45 to 57% with Australia (56%) and Norway (57%) demonstrating the highest survival. The proportion of women with 'distant' stage was highest for those aged 65-74 and 75-99 years and varied markedly between countries (range:72-80% and 77-87%, respectively). The oldest age group had the lowest 3-year age-specific survival (20-34%), and women aged 65-74 exhibited the widest variation across countries (3-year NS range: 40-60%). Differences in survival between countries were particularly stark for the oldest age group with 'distant' stage (3-year NS range: 12% in Ireland to 24% in Norway).CONCLUSIONS: International variations in ovarian cancer survival by stage exist with the largest differences observed in the oldest age group with advanced disease. This finding endorses further research investigating international differences in access to and quality of treatment, and prevalence of comorbid conditions particularly in older women with advanced disease.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Age Factors', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Australia', 'Canada', 'Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Ireland', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasm Invasiveness', 'Neoplasm Staging', 'New Zealand', 'Norway', 'Ovarian Neoplasms', 'Registries', 'United Kingdom', 'Young Adult']
| 32,005,583
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['Z01.639.100', 'Z01.678.100.373'], ['Z01.107.567.176'], ['C04.557.470.200.295', 'C04.588.322.455.199', 'C13.351.500.056.630.705.350', 'C13.351.937.418.685.350', 'C19.344.410.199', 'C19.391.630.705.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.542.467', 'Z01.639.587'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04.697.645', 'C23.550.727.645'], ['E01.789.625'], ['Z01.639.760.747', 'Z01.678.100.747'], ['Z01.542.816.374'], ['C04.588.322.455', 'C13.351.500.056.630.705', 'C13.351.937.418.685', 'C19.344.410', 'C19.391.630.705'], ['E05.318.308.970', 'N04.452.859.819', 'N05.715.360.300.715.700', 'N06.850.520.308.970'], ['Z01.542.363'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
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| 0
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|
Long-term outcome following successful catheter ablation of atrial tachycardia originating from the pulmonary veins: absence of late atrial fibrillation.
|
OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to characterize the long-term outcome and incidence of atrial fibrillation (AF) in patients following catheter ablation of focal atrial tachycardia (AT) from the pulmonary veins (PV).BACKGROUND: Although both AT and AF may originate from ectopic foci within PVs, it is unknown whether PV AT patients subsequently develop AF.METHODS: Twenty-eight patients with 29 PV ATs (14%) from a consecutive series of 194 patients who underwent RFA for focal AT were included. Patients with concomitant AF prior to the index procedure were excluded.RESULTS: The minimum follow-up duration was 4 years; mean age 38 +/- 18 years with symptoms for 6.5 +/- 10 years, having tried 1.5 +/- 0.9 antiarrhythmic drugs. The distribution of foci was: left superior 12 (41%), right superior 10 (34%), left inferior 5 (17%), and right inferior 2 (7%). The focus was ostial in 93% and 2-4 cm distally within the vein in 7%. Mean tachycardia cycle length was 364 +/- 90 ms. Focal ablation was performed in 25 of 28 patients. There were 6 recurrences with 5 from the original site. Twenty-six patients were available for long-term clinical follow-up. At a mean of 7.2 +/- 2.1 years, 25 of 26 (96%) were free from recurrence off antiarrhythmic drugs. No patients developed AF.CONCLUSIONS: Focal ablation for tachycardia originating from the PVs is associated with long-term freedom from both AT and AF. Therefore, although PV AT and PV AF share a common anatomic distribution, PV AT is a distinct clinical entity successfully treated with focal RFA and not associated with AF in the long term.
|
['Adult', 'Atrial Fibrillation', 'Catheter Ablation', 'Electrocardiography', 'Electrophysiologic Techniques, Cardiac', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Pulmonary Veins', 'Risk Assessment', 'Risk Factors', 'Tachycardia, Supraventricular', 'Time Factors', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Victoria', 'Young Adult']
| 20,132,395
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['C14.280.067.198', 'C23.550.073.198'], ['E02.808.750.500', 'E04.014.760.500'], ['E01.370.370.380.240', 'E01.370.405.240'], ['E01.370.370.380.245', 'E01.370.405.267'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['A07.015.908.713'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.715', 'N04.452.871.715', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.690', 'N06.850.505.715', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.715'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['C14.280.067.845.880', 'C14.280.123.875.880', 'C23.550.073.845.880'], ['G01.910.857'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['Z01.639.100.992', 'Z01.678.100.373.992'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
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|
Enhanced efficacy of pH-sensitive nystatin liposomes against Cryptococcus neoformans in murine model.
|
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the efficacy of pH-sensitive liposomes of nystatin against Cryptococcus neoformans infection in a murine model.METHODS: In the present study, we investigated the antifungal activity of nystatin entrapped in pH-sensitive liposomes in a murine model. Mice infected with C. neoformans were treated with nystatin in neutral egg phosphatidylcholine (egg-PC) liposomes, as well as pH-sensitive nystatin liposomes. The anticryptococcal efficacy of liposomal formulations of nystatin was assessed by continued survival and colony-forming units (cfu) in liver and brain of the treated mice.RESULTS: pH-sensitive liposomes of nystatin showed better efficacy compared with its free or egg-PC liposome form against C. neoformans infection in BALB/c mice. Mice treated with pH-sensitive nystatin liposomes showed 80% survival with less fungal burden in liver and brain of treated mice. However, there was only 40% survival in the group of animals treated with egg-PC liposome-intercalated nystatin, whereas its free form had poor efficacy with 20% survival.CONCLUSIONS: The enhanced anticryptococcal efficacy of the pH-sensitive nystatin liposomes can be attributed to the pH-dependent release of the drug in the low pH environment of lysosomes. The destabilization of the pH-sensitive liposomes in the acidic environment of macrophages results in the site-specific targeting of nystatin that improves its intracellular antifungal activity.
|
['Animals', 'Antifungal Agents', 'Brain', 'Cryptococcosis', 'Drug Carriers', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Intercalating Agents', 'Liposomes', 'Liver', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred BALB C', 'Nystatin', 'Phosphatidylcholines', 'Survival Analysis']
| 16,368,700
|
[['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.122.136'], ['A08.186.211'], ['C01.150.703.248'], ['D26.255.260', 'E02.319.300.380'], ['G02.300'], ['D27.720.470.410.360'], ['D25.479.517', 'D26.255.260.517', 'J01.637.051.479.517', 'J01.637.087.500.517'], ['A03.620'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.338', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.338'], ['D02.540.505.575'], ['D10.570.755.375.760.400.800'], ['E05.318.740.998', 'N05.715.360.750.795', 'N06.850.520.830.998']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
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Efficacy and tolerability of fesoterodine in women with overactive bladder.
|
INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS: We assessed fesoterodine efficacy and tolerability in women with overactive bladder (OAB).METHODS: This post hoc analysis of pooled data from two clinical trials included 1,548 women with OAB randomized to placebo, fesoterodine 4 or 8 mg, or tolterodine extended release (ER) 4 mg (in 1 trial) for 12 weeks. Subjects completed 3-day bladder diaries at baseline and weeks 2 and 12 and rated Treatment Response at weeks 2 and 12.RESULTS: By weeks 2 and 12, all active-treatment groups showed significant improvements in all five bladder diary variables assessed and greater Treatment Response rates vs placebo. Fesoterodine 8 mg was significantly more efficacious than fesoterodine 4 mg and tolterodine ER in improving urgency urinary incontinence episodes and continent days per week. The most common adverse events were dry mouth and constipation, which were predominately mild or moderate.CONCLUSIONS: Fesoterodine is efficacious and well tolerated in women with OAB.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Benzhydryl Compounds', 'Constipation', 'Cresols', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Double-Blind Method', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Middle Aged', 'Muscarinic Antagonists', 'Phenylpropanolamine', 'Tolterodine Tartrate', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Urinary Bladder, Overactive']
| 19,495,545
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.115'], ['C23.888.821.150'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.657.239'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['E05.318.370.300', 'E05.581.500.300', 'N05.715.360.325.320', 'N06.850.520.445.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D27.505.519.625.120.200.500', 'D27.505.696.577.120.200.500'], ['D02.033.100.624.706', 'D02.033.755.624.706', 'D02.092.063.624.706'], ['D02.033.100.624.706.750', 'D02.033.755.624.706.750', 'D02.092.063.624.706.800', 'D02.455.426.559.389.115.900', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.239.756'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['C12.777.829.866', 'C13.351.968.829.813', 'C23.888.942.343.780']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
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| 1
| 0
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The picture superiority effect: support for the distinctiveness model.
|
The form change paradigm was used to explore the basis for the picture superiority effect. Recognition memory for studied pictures and words was tested in their study form or the alternate form. Form change cost was defined as the difference between recognition performance for same and different form items. Based on the results of Experiment 1 and previous studies, it was difficult to determine the relative cost for studied pictures and words due to a reversal of the mirror effect. We hypothesized that the reversed mirror effect results from subjects' basing their recognition decisions on their assumptions about the study form. Experiments 2 and 3 confirmed this hypothesis and generated a method for evaluating the relative cost for pictures and words despite the reversed mirror effect. More cost was observed for pictures than words, supporting the distinctiveness model of the picture superiority effect.
|
['Adult', 'Attention', 'Discrimination Learning', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Mental Recall', 'Pattern Recognition, Visual', 'Reaction Time', 'Semantics']
| 10,696,280
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['F02.830.104.214'], ['F02.463.425.280'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F02.463.425.540.641'], ['F02.463.593.524.500', 'F02.463.593.932.622'], ['E05.796.817', 'F02.830.650', 'F04.669.817', 'G11.561.677'], ['L01.559.598.745']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Demonstration that orf2 encodes the feline immunodeficiency virus transactivating (Tat) protein and characterization of a unique gene product with partial rev activity.
|
The long PCR technique was used to amplify the three size classes of viral mRNAs produced in cells infected by feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV). We identified in the env region a new splice acceptor site that generated two transcripts, each coding for an 11-kDa protein, p11(rev), whose function is unknown. The small-size class of mRNAs included two bicistronic orf2/rev mRNAs and two rev-like mRNAs, consisting only of the second exon of rev and coding for a 15-kDa protein, p15(rev). p15(rev) contained the minimal effector domain of Rev and was sufficient to mediate partial Rev activity. The bicistronic mRNAs encoded two distinct proteins, one of 23 kDa corresponding to Rev and a 9-kDa protein encoded by the orf2 gene. The orf2 gene product is a protein of 79 amino acids with characteristics similar to those of the Tat (transactivator) proteins of the ungulate lentiviruses. Transient expression assays, using the FIV long terminal repeat (LTR) to drive transcription of the bacterial gene for chloramphenicol acetyltransferase demonstrated that the orf2 gene transactivates gene expression an average of 14- to 20-fold above the basal level. Deletion mutants of the FIV LTR were generated to locate sequences responsive to transactivation mediated by the orf2 gene. A 5' deletion mutant that removed the AP1 site resulted in residual low-level transactivation by orf2. Further experiments using LTR mutants with internal deletions identified three regions located between positions -126 and -47 relative to the cap site that were important for orf2-directed transactivation. These regions include the AP1 site, a C/EBP tandem repeat, and an ATF site.
|
['Animals', 'Gene Products, rev', 'Gene Products, tat', 'Immunodeficiency Virus, Feline', 'Open Reading Frames', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Rabbits', 'Terminal Repeat Sequences', 'Trans-Activators', 'Transcriptional Activation']
| 9,847,366
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.776.157.725.076', 'D12.776.664.962.186', 'D12.776.964.925.984.385'], ['D12.776.260.755.199', 'D12.776.930.900.199', 'D12.776.964.900.750.750', 'D12.776.964.925.984.400'], ['B04.820.650.589.530.400'], ['G05.360.335.760.640', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.650'], ['E05.393.620.500'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.968.700'], ['G02.111.570.080.708.850', 'G05.360.080.708.850'], ['D12.776.260.755', 'D12.776.930.900', 'D12.776.964.925.984'], ['G05.308.800']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[How to improve the histopathological diagnosis of hepatocellular benign affections (adenoma versus focal nodular hyperplasia) in daily practice?].
|
Adenomas of the liver and focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) are benign hepatocellular affection and their distinguishing in a needle biopsy sample and sometimes also in a surgical specimen causes often a problem. Although it might seem that the differentiation of the benign conditions is of a low value for the clinicians and also for the patients, the opposite is true. The risk of life-threatening bleeding and risk of the malignant transformation of adenomas leads to request accurate diagnosis of these conditions. New genetic methods followed by immunohistochemical detection of several antigens enables more accurate distinction not only of the two main groups of FNH and adenomas, but allows also to distinguish subsets of adenomas with varying risk of malignant transformation. Therefore, to determine the subtype of adenoma represents now essential part of a biopsy diagnosis. Identification of the subsets of adenomas allows an individualized treatment with resection in high-risk forms and, on the other hand, allows avoiding liver resection in the case of small liver mass with a low risk of malignant transformation.
|
['Adenoma', 'Focal Nodular Hyperplasia', 'Humans', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Liver Neoplasms']
| 24,289,486
|
[['C04.557.470.035'], ['C06.552.270'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['C04.588.274.623', 'C06.301.623', 'C06.552.697']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Transfer of group B streptococci from mothers to neonates: effect of whole body washing of mothers with chlorhexidine.
|
Seven babies born to 28 mothers who were vaginal carriers of group B streptococci and who bathed or showered with chlorhexidine during the last 2 weeks of pregnancy were colonized with an organism of the same phage type as their mothers. In contrast, nine babies of 14 carrier mothers who were given no instructions regarding washing were colonized with the same phage type as their mothers. Ten of the 84 sites sampled for group B streptococci on the babies born to mothers using chlorhexidine were positive, whereas 17 of 42 were positive in the babies born to control mothers. This trial suggests that whole body washing with chlorhexidine may reduce the transfer of group B streptococci from mothers to infants, but did not exclude the possibility that body washing by itself may have a similar effect.
|
['Baths', 'Chlorhexidine', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Pregnancy', 'Streptococcus agalactiae', 'Vagina']
| 2,865,290
|
[['E02.056.110'], ['D02.078.370.141.100'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['B03.353.750.737.872.100', 'B03.510.400.800.872.100', 'B03.510.550.737.872.100'], ['A05.360.319.779']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Cyanide, carboxyhemoglobin and blood acid-base state in animals exposed to combustion products of various combinations of acrylic fiber and gauze.
|
In order to examine the usefulness of blood cyanide concentrations as an indicator of whether or not a victim was alive at the start of a fire, blood cyanide concentrations were measured in the bodies that we autopsied in our institute between January 1986 and March, 1987. In the present study, bodies with advanced decomposition were excluded. Thirty-six bodies were included: cyanide as well as carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) were detected in four charred bodies found at the scene of a fire. On the other hand, cyanide was not detected in any of the remaining 30 bodies except in two cases suspected of having ingested a cyanide compound. Rats and rabbits were made to inhale the combustion products of various combinations of acrylic fiber (hydrogen cyanide generating material when heated) and gauze (carbon monoxide generating material when heated). The exposure to the combustion products was continued until death in the rat and until apnea in the rabbit. The concentration of hydrogen cyanide in the exposure chamber and that of blood cyanide, at the time the animal died, correlated with the amount of acrylic fiber heated. In addition to differences in blood COHb and cyanide concentrations, there were also differences in blood gas concentrations between the acrylic fiber and the gauze groups. When the rabbits were switched to room air after the occurrence of apnea, the blood gas value began to normalize.
|
['Aged', 'Animals', 'Blood Gas Analysis', 'Carboxyhemoglobin', 'Cyanides', 'Female', 'Fires', 'Forensic Medicine', 'Humans', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Rabbits', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Strains']
| 2,759,522
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['B01.050'], ['E01.370.225.124.100.100', 'E01.370.386.700.100', 'E05.200.124.100.100'], ['D12.776.124.400.141', 'D12.776.422.316.762.149'], ['D01.248.497.158.291', 'D01.625.400.100'], ['N06.230.216'], ['H02.403.330', 'I01.198.780.937'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G02.300'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.968.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Metabolic effects of vitamin D active metabolites in monolayer and micromass cultures of nucleus pulposus and annulus fibrosus cells isolated from human intervertebral disc.
|
Intragenic polymorphisms in the vitamin D receptor gene are linked to disc degeneration features, suggesting that alterations in the vitamer-mediated signalling could be involved in the pathophysiology of the disc and that interaction of disc cells with vitamin D metabolites may be critical for disc health. The vitamer-mediated modulation of disc cells proliferation, metabolic activity, extracellular matrix (ECM) genes expression and proteins production was investigated. It was stated that disc cells express vitamin D receptor and are very sensitive to metabolic stimuli. In monolayer cultures, 1,25(OH)(2)D(3), but not 24,25(OH)(2)D(3), determined an inhibition of the proliferation and regulated also the ECM genes expression in nucleus pulposus and annulus fibrosus cells. Micromass cultures induced a more physiologic expression pattern of extracellular matrix genes. Cells Treatment with vitamin D metabolites did not result in relevant modifications of glycosaminoglycans production, except for annulus cells, whose production was reduced after 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) treatment. Moreover, a reduced glycosaminoglycans staining in both cell types and a significant reduced aggrecan gene expression in annulus cells treated with 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) were observed. A reduction of collagen I and II staining in annulus cells 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) treated, in accordance with a downregulation of collagen genes expression, was also registered. Finally, the vitamin D receptor gene expression did not show significant metabolite-mediated modification in monolayer or micromass cultures. These findings could enhance new insights on the biochemical mechanisms regulated by vitamin D in disc cartilage and possibly involved in the development of physiological/pathological modifications of the disc.
|
['Adult', 'Base Sequence', 'Cell Proliferation', 'DNA Primers', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Intervertebral Disc', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Receptors, Calcitriol', 'Vitamin D']
| 22,481,027
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['D13.695.578.424.450.275', 'D27.720.470.530.600.223.600'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['A02.165.308.410', 'A02.835.232.834.432', 'A10.165.382.350.050'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.393.620.500.706'], ['D12.776.826.535'], ['D04.210.500.812.768']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Detection of salivary antibodies to crude antigens of Opisthorchis viverrini in opisthorchiasis and cholangiocarcinoma patients.
|
Opisthorchis viverrini (O. viverrini; known as human liver fluke) is a major health problem in the northeastern region of Thailand. Infection with O. viverrini is the cause of hepatobiliary disease and cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). Previous studies demonstrated specific antibodies to crude O. viverrini antigens in serum from O. viverrini-infected patients. However, no studies have measured specific antibodies to O. viverrini antigens in saliva from patients with opisthorchiasis and CCA. The objective of the study was to detect specific antibodies to crude O. viverrini antigens in saliva from patients with opisthorchiasis and CCA, and to evaluate their use for diagnosis of O. viverrini infection. Saliva samples from 23 control subjects, 30 opisthorchiasis patients, and 38 CCA patients were collected. ELISA was established for detection of salivary IgA and IgG to crude O. viverrini antigens. ANOVA was used to compare salivary IgA and IgG levels among groups. Salivary IgA to crude O. viverrini antigens in CCA patients was significantly higher than controls (p = 0.007). Salivary IgG in CCA patients was significantly higher than opisthorchiasis patients and controls (p = 0.010 and p < 0.001, respectively). The cut-off value from salivary IgG test demonstrated higher accuracy for positivity of O. viverrini infection than salivary IgA. In conclusion, specific antibodies to crude O. viverrini antigens were detected in saliva of patients with opisthorchiasis and CCA. Salivary antibodies reflect serum immune response to O. viverrini infection, and salivary IgG tends to be a good candidate for diagnosis of O. viverrini infection.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Animals', 'Antibodies, Helminth', 'Antigens, Helminth', 'Bile Duct Neoplasms', 'Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic', 'Cholangiocarcinoma', 'False Negative Reactions', 'False Positive Reactions', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Immunoglobulin A, Secretory', 'Immunoglobulin G', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Opisthorchiasis', 'Opisthorchis', 'Saliva', 'Salivary Proteins and Peptides', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Thailand', 'Young Adult']
| 20,446,100
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['B01.050'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.185', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.185', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.185'], ['D23.050.223'], ['C04.588.274.120.250', 'C06.130.120.120', 'C06.130.320.120', 'C06.301.120.250'], ['A03.159.183.158', 'A03.620.150'], ['C04.557.470.200.025.450'], ['E01.354.340'], ['E01.354.506'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.619.026.030', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.619.026.030', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.619.026.030'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.619.393', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.619.393', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.619.393'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C01.610.335.865.685'], ['B01.050.500.500.736.715.520.700'], ['A12.200.666'], ['D12.644.848', 'D12.776.850'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['Z01.252.145.841'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Patient-tailored, imaging-guided, long-term temozolomide chemotherapy in patients with glioblastoma.
|
We present two patients with glioblastoma with an unusually stable clinical course and long-term survival who were treated after surgery and radiotherapy with adjuvant temozolomide (TMZ) chemotherapy for 17 and 20 cycles, respectively. Afterward, adjuvant TMZ chemotherapy was discontinued in one patient and the dosage of TMZ was reduced in the other. In addition to clinical status and magnetic resonance imaging, the biologic activity of the tumors was monitored by repeated methyl-11C-l-methionine (MET) and 3'-deoxy-3'-18F-fluorothymidine (FLT) positron emission tomography (PET) studies in these patients. In these patients, repeated MET- and FLT-PET imaging documented complete response to the initial treatment regimen, including resection, radiation, and TMZ, and during the course of the disease, recurrent, uncontrollable tumor activity. Continuation or dose escalation of TMZ in both patients was shown to be ineffective to overcome the metabolic activity of the tumor. Our data suggest that repeated MET- and FLT-PET imaging provide information on the biologic activity of a tumor that is highly useful to monitor and detect changes in activity.
|
['Adult', 'Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating', 'Brain Neoplasms', 'Carbon Radioisotopes', 'Dacarbazine', 'Dideoxynucleosides', 'Fluorine Radioisotopes', 'Glioblastoma', 'Humans', 'Methionine', 'Middle Aged', 'Radionuclide Imaging', 'Radiopharmaceuticals', 'Temozolomide']
| 20,128,997
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D27.505.519.124.035', 'D27.505.954.248.150', 'D27.888.569.035.035'], ['C04.588.614.250.195', 'C10.228.140.211', 'C10.551.240.250'], ['D01.268.150.075.328', 'D01.496.123.328', 'D01.496.749.154'], ['D02.925.200', 'D03.383.129.308.240'], ['D13.570.230.500'], ['D01.496.749.340'], ['C04.557.465.625.600.380.080.335', 'C04.557.470.670.380.080.335', 'C04.557.580.625.600.380.080.335'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D02.886.030.676', 'D12.125.142.557', 'D12.125.154.549', 'D12.125.166.676'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.370.350.710', 'E01.370.384.730'], ['D27.505.259.843', 'D27.505.519.871', 'D27.720.470.410.650'], ['D02.925.200.500', 'D03.383.129.308.240.500']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
A study of admission criteria and early management of adult patients with acute asthma.
|
We studied the admission criteria and first 24-hour management of 62 asthmatic patients admitted from Accident and Emergency (A&E) department of a state hospital. Data was collected prospectively over a 6-month period from the doctors' medical records with reference to recommendations of the Malaysian Thoracic Society (MTS) on management of acute asthma. Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR) records were present in only 14.5% of the A&E notes and 54.8% of the ward notes. Most of these readings were below 75% of predicted normal values. Over half of the patients had records on ability to speak full sentences, and respiratory and pulse rates. Based on other records on criteria for life-threatening features (including arterial blood gases), 42% of patients studied had life threatening asthma exacerbations. Most received appropriate treatment as recommended by the MTS. We conclude that while most patients were admitted and treated appropriately, medical documentation regarding acute asthma assessment were inadequate in some.
|
['Acute Disease', 'Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Asthma', 'Emergency Service, Hospital', 'Female', 'Hospitals, Urban', 'Humans', 'Malaysia', 'Male', 'Medical Records', 'Middle Aged', 'Patient Admission', 'Prospective Studies']
| 15,190,635
|
[['C23.550.291.125'], ['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['C08.127.108', 'C08.381.495.108', 'C08.674.095', 'C20.543.480.680.095'], ['N02.278.216.500.968.336', 'N02.421.297.195', 'N04.452.442.452.422.336'], ['N02.278.421.660'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.252.145.487'], ['E05.318.308.940.968', 'N04.452.859.564', 'N05.715.360.300.715.500', 'N06.850.520.308.940.968'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E02.760.400.600', 'N02.421.585.400.600'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Can experts predict health risk from family genograms?
|
BACKGROUND: The family genogram is sometimes used to aid diagnostic, therapeutic, and preventive care decisions. This study evaluated the efficacy of genograms for predicting health risk in comparison to predictions made using demographic and chart review data.METHODS: Six physicians with expertise in using genograms were asked to evaluate 20 actual patient cases and use three methods to predict the patients' chances, over the next three months, of: a) experiencing illness causing at least one disability day, b) making an unexpected physician visit for a new problem, or c) requiring hospitalization. The three methods were genogram evaluation, review of patient demographics, and review of patients' charts. Predictions from demographic data were always made first; the other two methods were used in varied order. Three months later, actual patient outcomes were reviewed and compared to predictions.RESULTS: Over the next three months, 44% of subjects experienced a disability day, 35% made an unexpected clinic visit, and none required hospitalization. Predictions of these events with genograms were no more accurate than predictions generated from chart review. The six genogram experts did not predict outcomes at better than chance levels.CONCLUSIONS: Genograms may be no more accurate than standard clinical chart review for predicting short-term (three month) health outcomes.
|
['Family Health', 'Female', 'Health Status Indicators', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Medical History Taking', 'Physicians, Family', 'Probability', 'Prognosis', 'Risk Factors']
| 1,577,214
|
[['N01.400.300'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.510'], ['M01.526.485.810.770', 'N02.360.810.770'], ['E05.318.740.600', 'G17.680', 'N05.715.360.750.625', 'N06.850.520.830.600'], ['E01.789'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Antimutagenicity of selenium-enriched rice on mice exposure to cyclophosphamide and mitomycin C.
|
The in vivo antimutagenicity of Se-enriched rice was evaluated by bone marrow micronucleus and testicle chromosomal aberrations assay in mice exposed to cyclophosphamide (CP) and mitomycin C (MMC). Regular rice did not alter the occurrence of chemical-induced mutation. However, the addition of Se-enriched rice or selenite significantly inhibited the incidence of CP-induced micronuclei and MMC-induced chromosomal aberration in mice and the effect was dose-dependent. Providing selenite or Se-enriched rice also significantly increased the activity of glutathione peroxidase in liver and the selenium concentration in blood compared to regular rice. No significant differences were found in mice body weight gain. These results revealed the antimutagenic potential of Se-enriched rice against chemical-induced mutation.
|
['Animals', 'Antimutagenic Agents', 'Bone Marrow Cells', 'Chromosome Aberrations', 'Cyclophosphamide', 'Diet', 'Female', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Micronucleus Tests', 'Mitomycin', 'Oryza', 'Selenium', 'Sodium Selenite']
| 15,737,685
|
[['B01.050'], ['D27.505.696.706.080', 'D27.720.799.042'], ['A11.148', 'A15.378.316'], ['C23.550.210', 'G05.365.590.175'], ['D02.455.526.728.650.730.243', 'D02.705.672.500.243'], ['G07.203.650.240'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['E05.393.560.598'], ['D02.806.400.249.350', 'D03.383.097.500.350', 'D03.633.100.473.412.249.350'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.822.616'], ['D01.268.185.850', 'D01.578.700'], ['D01.810.900.500', 'D01.857.850']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Meta-analysis comparing different behavioral treatments for late-life anxiety.
|
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of different types of behavioral treatments for geriatric anxiety (cognitive behavior therapy [CBT] alone, CBT with relaxation training [RT], and RT alone).METHOD: The authors compared effect sizes from 19 trials. Analyses were based on uncontrolled outcomes (comparing posttreatment and pretreatment scores) and effects relative to control conditions on both anxiety and depressive symptoms.RESULTS: Treatments for older adults with anxiety symptoms were, on average, more effective than active control conditions. Effect sizes were comparable to those reported elsewhere for CBT for anxiety in the general population or for pharmacotherapy in anxious older adults. CBT (alone or augmented with RT) does not seem to add anything beyond RT alone, although a direct comparison is challenging given differences in control conditions. Effects on depressive symptoms were smaller, with no differences among treatment types.CONCLUSION: Results suggest that behavioral treatments are effective for older adults with anxiety disorders and symptoms. Results must be interpreted with caution given the limitations of the literature, including differing sample characteristics and control conditions across studies.
|
['Aged', 'Anxiety', 'Anxiety Disorders', 'Clinical Trials as Topic', 'Cognitive Behavioral Therapy', 'Depression', 'Humans', 'Middle Aged', 'Relaxation Therapy', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 19,155,744
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['F01.470.132'], ['F03.080'], ['E05.318.372.250.250', 'N05.715.360.330.250.250', 'N06.850.520.450.250.250'], ['F04.754.137.350'], ['F01.145.126.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E02.190.525.875', 'F04.754.137.750'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Scoliosis model created by pedicle screw tethering in immature goats: the feasibility, reliability, and complications.
|
STUDY DESIGN: An in vivo model of scoliosis was established in immature goats.OBJECTIVE: To assess the feasibility, reliability, and complications of the innovative animal model.SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Among the methods of creating a scoliotic model, posterior asymmetric tethering of spine yielded encouraging results. However, some shortcomings associated with the use of posterior asymmetric tether are apparent.METHODS: Fourteen female goats (age: 5-8 weeks old, weight: 6-8 kg), were instrumented and tethered using unilateral pedicle screws and contralateral rib resections. Twelve of the goats were followed up for 8 weeks by serial radiography. Six goats were removed of the posterior load and no treatment was given. Two goats were selected randomly from the 6 animals and subjected to computed tomography (CT) three-dimensional reconstruction after another 8 weeks. All the 6 goats were killed and spine specimens were harvested for histologic study 16 weeks after observation.RESULT: Radiographic observation showed that 12 goats developed scoliosis with convex toward the right side, and the curvature increased with time in 11 goats, and it remained unchanged in 1 animal. The angle immediately after the procedures averaged 29.0 degrees (23 degrees -38 degrees ) and increased to an average of 43.0 degrees (36.0 degrees -58.0 degrees ) over a period of 8 to 10 weeks, with average angle increment being 14.0 degrees (P < 0.001). The curvature ceased to increase in 6 goats during the subsequent 2 months after the tether were removed (P > 0.05). Three-dimensional CT reconstruction revealed that the vertebral bodies were wedged, the 2 sides of the thoracic skeleton were asymmetric, and the vertebrae in the major curve were rotated. Histologic study revealed that the goats remained in growth stage and the growth potential of 2 sides of the spine was not identical.CONCLUSION: Radiography and three-dimensional CT reconstruction of vertebrae revealed that the architectural alterations found in the model were similar to those of idiopathic-type deformity observed in clinical practice.
|
['Animals', 'Bone Screws', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Feasibility Studies', 'Female', 'Goats', 'Image Processing, Computer-Assisted', 'Imaging, Three-Dimensional', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Scoliosis', 'Spine', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed']
| 19,934,810
|
[['B01.050'], ['E07.695.370.437', 'E07.858.442.660.460.437', 'E07.858.690.725.460.437'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['E05.318.372.550', 'E05.337.675', 'N05.715.360.330.550', 'N06.850.520.450.550'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.513'], ['L01.224.308'], ['E01.370.350.400', 'L01.224.308.410'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['C05.116.900.800.875'], ['A02.835.232.834'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Elevation of c-abl-mRNA in human leukemic B lymphoblasts.
|
Analysis of v-abl-homologous transcripts in peripheral blood leukocytes from 20 leukemia patients revealed a 5-kb species as the major abl-mRNA present. Elevated levels of this 5-kb transcript, together with detectable levels of 2- and 10-kb abl-homologous species, were observed in mRNA samples from two patients, one with Philadelphia chromosome (Ph')-positive chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) in lymphoid blast crisis, and the other with childhood Burkitt-type B-lymphoblastic leukemia. These abl-homologous transcripts differed from the aberrant 8-kb abl-mRNA reported by others in Ph'-positive CML patients in both size and extent of v-abl-homology. No alteration in the organization of v-abl-homologous sequences was detected in the genomic DNA of the Ph'-positive CML patient. Karyotypic analysis of the Burkitt-type B-lymphoblastic leukemia patient revealed the presence of an 8,14 translocation together with a number of other chromosomal aberrations. However, no abnormality of chromosome 9 could be detected. Hence, the observed increase in c-abl transcription is not consistently associated with either gross gene rearrangement or presence of the Ph'. The high levels of c-abl mRNA may be a function of the cell type involved (early lymphoid blast), suggesting that failure to down-regulate c-abl may be a factor in the onset of pre- or early B-lymphoid leukemias.
|
['B-Lymphocytes', 'Base Sequence', 'Humans', 'Karyotyping', 'Leukemia', 'Philadelphia Chromosome', 'Proto-Oncogenes', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Transcription, Genetic']
| 3,491,935
|
[['A11.063.438', 'A11.118.637.555.567.562', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.562', 'A15.382.032.438', 'A15.382.490.555.567.562'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.385.315', 'E05.200.500.385.315', 'E05.242.385.315', 'E05.393.285.475'], ['C04.557.337'], ['A11.284.187.520.300.325.345.500', 'A11.284.187.520.300.505.515.500', 'C23.550.210.870.680', 'G05.360.162.520.300.325.345.700', 'G05.360.162.520.300.505.515.700', 'G05.365.590.175.870.680'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.375.500.791'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['G02.111.873', 'G05.297.700']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The X-ray crystal structure of an Arthrobacter protophormiae endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase reveals a (beta/alpha)(8) catalytic domain, two ancillary domains and active site residues key for transglycosylation activity.
|
Glycoside hydrolase family GH85 is a family of endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidases that is responsible for the hydrolysis of beta-1,4 linkage in the N,N-diacetylchitobiose core of N-linked glycans. The endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase from Arthrobacter protophormiae (Endo-A) is of particular interest, given its increasing use for the chemoenzymatic synthesis of bespoke N-glycans using N-glycan oxazolines as glycosyl donors. The E173Q variant of Endo-A is especially attractive for synthesis, as it is hydrolytically impaired but still able to catalyze N-glycan synthesis by transglycosylation using activated oxazoline donors. Here we present the three-dimensional structure of the A. protophormiae Endo-A E173Q variant, solved by multiple-wavelength anomalous scattering methods and refined at 1.8 A resolution. The structure reveals that GH85 enzymes display a trimodular architecture in which a (beta/alpha)(8) catalytic domain occurs with two ancillary beta-sheet modules. The active centre is fully consistent with the known neighboring-group catalytic mechanism in which E173 acts as the catalytic acid/base for reaction via an oxazoline intermediate. Of note is the presence of an asparagine in the active centre, in a position likely to interact with the acetyl NH group that, in all other known families of glycosidase using this mechanism, is an aspartate or glutamate residue. The substrate-binding surface reveals an open topography, consistent with the ability to accept a large range of glycoprotein substrates and the ability to transglycosylate other acceptors. The three-dimensional structure of this important biocatalyst reveals that residues implicated in the enhancement of transglycosylation and synthetic capacity are proximal to the active centre, where they may act to favor binding of acceptor substrates.
|
['Acetylglucosaminidase', 'Arthrobacter', 'Asparagine', 'Carbohydrate Conformation', 'Catalytic Domain', 'Crystallography, X-Ray', 'Glycosylation', 'Models, Molecular', 'Protein Structure, Secondary']
| 19,327,363
|
[['D08.811.277.450.483.180.500'], ['B03.510.024.850.050', 'B03.510.460.400.400.049.074'], ['D12.125.068.060', 'D12.125.095.165', 'D12.125.154.049'], ['G02.111.570.820.235'], ['G02.111.570.120.704', 'G02.111.570.820.709.275.750.188'], ['E05.196.309.742.225'], ['G02.111.158.812', 'G02.607.299', 'G03.191.812'], ['E05.599.595'], ['G02.111.570.820.709.600']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Induction of the human sperm acrosome reaction with mannose-containing neoglycoprotein ligands.
|
In the interest of classifying cases of male factor infertility, we have paid particular attention to the sugar ligand binding properties of the human sperm surface and the functional capacity of the acrosome for exocytosis--key parameters for assessing sperm fertilizing ability. Zona recognition and binding involve the interactions of sperm surface mannose receptors (lectins) with mannose ligands on the zona pellucida. Sperm surface mannose lectins can be visualized by their ability to bind a synthetic model zona ligand, fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-conjugated mannosylated bovine serum albumin (BSA) (Man-FITC-BSA). We now report that Man-FITC-BSA biologically also mimics the effects of solubilized authentic human zonae, in that binding of Man-FITC-BSA results in a time-dependent receptor aggregation and the induction of acrosome exocytosis in capacitated sperm populations from fertile donors. In our assay, the addition of mM amounts of mannose monosaccharide to Man-FITC-BSA increases the number of polyvalent mannose ligands bound by individual spermatozoa and increases the rate of the acrosome reactions induced by Man-FITC-BSA, thereby increasing specimen processing efficiency. We conclude that exposure of human spermatozoa to polyvalent mannose ligands + D-mannose monosaccharide offers a new, convenient and readily available system to study sperm capacity for induced acrosome loss.
|
['Acrosome', 'Allosteric Regulation', 'Exocytosis', 'Female', 'Glycoproteins', 'Humans', 'Infertility, Male', 'Ligands', 'Male', 'Mannose', 'Protein Structure, Tertiary', 'Spermatozoa']
| 9,395,260
|
[['A05.360.490.890.820.100', 'A11.284.430.214.190.875.190.550.040', 'A11.497.760.400.100'], ['G02.111.044'], ['G04.468'], ['D09.400.430', 'D12.776.395'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C12.294.365.700'], ['D27.720.470.480'], ['D09.947.875.359.588'], ['G02.111.570.820.709.610'], ['A05.360.490.890', 'A11.497.760']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Ethical aspects of preimplantation diagnostics].
|
Pre-implantation Genetic Diagnosis (PGD) enables to genetic examination of an embryo springed up in vitro before his transfer to mother's womb. The ethical valuation of this affair is different. Fundamentally, ethic-medical debate takes the interest in practical advantages and in unwholesome of this method. But ethic-theological discussion indicates' that PGD is the breaking of regulations concerning in the protection of the embryo. According to theological point of view, PGD is also the violation of conviction about human dignity and his rights to life from the conceiving. Therefore human embryo from his beginning should be protected against the instrumentalization or the extermination. Moreover the selection of embryos supposes a repartition between valuable and worthless life. Totally, PGD is contradictory to the teaching of Church. It produces greater complications than solutions of problems.
|
['Christianity', 'Ethics, Medical', 'Female', 'Human Rights', 'Humans', 'Pregnancy', 'Preimplantation Diagnosis', 'Religion and Medicine']
| 10,816,959
|
[['K01.844.188'], ['K01.752.566.479.171.132.750', 'N05.350.340.162.500'], ['I01.880.604.473', 'N03.706.437'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['E01.370.378.625'], ['K01.844.619']]
|
['Humanities [K]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Cis/trans conformational equilibrium across the N-methylphenylalanine- N-methylphenylalanine peptide bond of arginine vasopressin analogs.
|
Two cyclic analogs of vasopressin, -Pro-Arg-Gly-NH(2) (1) and -Pro-Arg-Gly-NH(2) (2) were synthesized by the solid phase method. Their structure was determined in aqueous solution by two-dimensional NMR techniques and simulated annealing algorithm from an extended template in X-PLOR. The total chemical shift correlation spectroscopy and rotating-frame Overhauser enhancement spectroscopy of the peptides displayed four distinct sets of residual proton resonances. This suggests that both analogs adopt four families of conformations in H(2)O/D(2)O (9 : 1) (one major and three minor species). In further analysis only signals of major species (M) and of one minor species (m(1)) were considered. The major species of both peptides include a trans peptide bond between the first and second residue, and a cis form between the second and third residue. In the minor species, all peptide bonds were found to exist in trans geometry.
|
['Arginine Vasopressin', 'Hydrogen Bonding', 'Isomerism', 'Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy', 'Molecular Conformation', 'Peptides, Cyclic', 'Phenylalanine']
| 15,102,051
|
[['D06.472.699.631.692.781.100', 'D12.644.400.900.100', 'D12.644.456.925.100', 'D12.644.548.691.692.781.100', 'D12.776.631.650.937.100'], ['G02.282'], ['G02.111.570.685', 'G02.607.445'], ['E05.196.867.519'], ['G02.111.570.820'], ['D04.345.566', 'D12.644.641'], ['D12.125.072.050.685', 'D12.125.142.666']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
GS-8374, a novel HIV protease inhibitor, does not alter glucose homeostasis in cultured adipocytes or in a healthy-rodent model system.
|
Adverse effects induced by HIV protease inhibitors (PIs) are a significant factor in limiting their clinical success. PIs directly contribute to peripheral insulin resistance and alterations in lipid metabolism. GS-8374 is a novel PI with potent antiretroviral activity and a favorable resistance profile. Here we report on the potential of GS-8374 to adversely affect glucose and lipid homeostasis. Acute effects of GS-8374 and control PIs on glucose uptake and lipid accumulation were assessed in vitro in mouse OP9 and primary human adipocytes, respectively. GS-8374 and atazanavir showed no effect on insulin-stimulated deoxyglucose uptake, whereas ritonavir and lopinavir caused significant reductions. Similarly, in vitro lipid accumulation was not significantly affected in adipocytes treated with either GS-8374 or atazanavir. In euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp experiments performed in rats during acute infusion of therapeutic levels of PIs, sustained serum GS-8374 levels of 8 ìM had no effect on peripheral glucose disposal (similar to the findings for atazanavir). Comparable serum levels of lopinavir and ritonavir produced acute 19% and 53% reductions in in vivo glucose disposal, respectively. In conclusion, similar to atazanavir, but unlike ritonavir and lopinavir, GS-8374 neither affects insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in adipocytes in culture nor acutely alters peripheral glucose disposal in a rodent model system. These results dissociate the antiretroviral activity of GS-8374 from adverse effects on insulin sensitivity observed with some of the first-generation PIs and provide further support for the use of these experimental systems in the preclinical evaluation of novel PIs.
|
['Adipocytes', 'Animals', 'Atazanavir Sulfate', 'Biological Transport', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Glucose', 'Glucose Clamp Technique', 'HIV Protease Inhibitors', 'Homeostasis', 'Humans', 'Insulin', 'Lopinavir', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Molecular Structure', 'Oligopeptides', 'Pyridines', 'Pyrimidinones', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Ritonavir']
| 21,245,443
|
[['A11.329.114'], ['B01.050'], ['D03.383.725.068', 'D12.644.456.157'], ['G03.143'], ['A11.251'], ['D09.947.875.359.448'], ['E01.370.225.124.100.350', 'E05.196.500', 'E05.200.124.100.350'], ['D27.505.519.389.745.900.500', 'D27.505.954.122.388.077.088.420'], ['G07.410'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D06.472.699.587.200.500.625', 'D12.644.548.586.200.500.625'], ['D03.383.742.698.553'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['G02.111.570', 'G02.466'], ['D12.644.456'], ['D03.383.725'], ['D03.383.742.698'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900'], ['D02.886.675.653', 'D03.383.129.708.653']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Differential dose adjustments of immunosuppressants after resuming boosted versus unboosted HIV-protease inhibitors postliver transplant.
|
Pharmacokinetic (PK) interactions between protease inhibitors (PI(s)) and immunosuppressive agents (IS) are critical elements in the management of HIV-infected patients who undergo liver transplantation (LT(x)). The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the decreases in IS dosages necessary to maintain an appropriate therapeutic window (TW) after initiating PI-based antiretroviral therapy regimens post-LT(x). Single-center, PK cross-sectional study of consecutive HIV-infected adult patients who underwent LT(x) was done. Blood trough concentrations (C(t)) of IS were obtained using a commercial MEIA test; plasma C(t) of PI(s) were measured using HPLC. Twelve consecutive HIV-infected adult patients (11 males, 1 female) were enrolled. More rapid increases in IS plasma C(t) were observed 48 h after initiating ritonavir (RTV)-boosted PI therapy post-LT(x) than when using unboosted PI(s). Seven patients developed acute renal failure. The median fold decrease in IS dosages required to regain IS concentrations that were in the TW was 7.5 (range 6-14) after resuming boosted PI(s) and 2.9 (range 2-4) after unboosted PI(s). The overall median time necessary to reach IS TW after dose adjustment was 3.5 days (range 0-15). Unboosted PI(s) exhibited lesser PK interactions with IS than did RTV-boosted PI(s) and were thus more amenable to use in the post-LT(x) setting.
|
['Adult', 'Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Female', 'HIV Infections', 'HIV Protease Inhibitors', 'Humans', 'Immunosuppressive Agents', 'Liver Transplantation', 'Male', 'Middle Aged']
| 19,656,133
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E05.196.181.400.300'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['C01.221.250.875', 'C01.221.812.640.400', 'C01.778.640.400', 'C01.925.782.815.616.400', 'C01.925.813.400', 'C20.673.480'], ['D27.505.519.389.745.900.500', 'D27.505.954.122.388.077.088.420'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D27.505.696.477.656'], ['E02.095.147.725.490', 'E04.210.650', 'E04.936.450.490', 'E04.936.580.490'], ['M01.060.116.630']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Diallyl sulfide induces growth inhibition and apoptosis of anaplastic thyroid cancer cells by mitochondrial signaling pathway.
|
Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is one of the most lethal solid tumors arising thyroid gland with dismal prognosis. One of the constituents of garlic, diallyl sulfide (DAS) was shown to inhibit chemically induced carcinogenesis in many animal models. This study examined whether DAS could induce growth inhibition and apoptosis in ATC cells. In MTT assay, DAS treatment inhibited the proliferation of ARO cells in a dose-dependent manner. Flow cytometric analysis showed that DAS treatment increased the accumulation of sub-G1 DNA and concomitant accumulation of cells in the G2/M phase in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, DAS-induced apoptosis was associated with a decrease in the level of Bcl-2 expression and an increase in the level of Bax expression, and cytochrome c was remarkably released from mitochondrial into the cytosol by DAS. Furthermore, caspase-9 and caspase-3 were activated by DAS, and DAS cleaved PARP. Taken together, DAS decreased cell proliferation and induced apoptosis via mitochondrial signaling pathway in ATC cells.
|
['Allyl Compounds', 'Anticarcinogenic Agents', 'Apoptosis', 'Blotting, Western', 'Caspase 3', 'Caspase 9', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Female', 'Flow Cytometry', 'Garlic', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Mitochondria', 'Signal Transduction', 'Sulfides', 'Thyroid Carcinoma, Anaplastic', 'Thyroid Neoplasms', 'Tumor Suppressor Protein p53']
| 20,219,414
|
[['D02.455.326.271.122'], ['D27.505.696.706.018', 'D27.505.954.248.125', 'D27.720.799.018'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['E05.196.401.143', 'E05.301.300.096', 'E05.478.566.320.200', 'E05.601.262', 'E05.601.470.320.200'], ['D08.811.277.656.262.500.126.350.300', 'D08.811.277.656.300.200.126.350.300', 'D12.644.360.075.405.350.300', 'D12.776.476.075.405.350.300'], ['D08.811.277.656.262.500.126.550.900', 'D08.811.277.656.300.200.126.550.900', 'D12.644.360.024.131.155', 'D12.644.360.075.358.155', 'D12.644.360.075.405.550.900', 'D12.776.157.057.006.155', 'D12.776.476.024.139.155', 'D12.776.476.075.358.155', 'D12.776.476.075.405.550.900'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['E01.370.225.500.363.342', 'E01.370.225.500.386.350', 'E05.196.712.516.600.240.350', 'E05.200.500.363.342', 'E05.200.500.386.350', 'E05.242.363.342', 'E05.242.386.350'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.618.100.050.060.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.564', 'A11.284.835.626'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['D01.248.497.158.874', 'D01.875.350.850', 'D02.886.520'], ['C04.557.470.200.725'], ['C04.588.322.894', 'C04.588.443.915', 'C19.344.894', 'C19.874.788'], ['D12.776.157.687.650', 'D12.776.260.820', 'D12.776.624.776.775', 'D12.776.660.720.650', 'D12.776.744.845']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Toxic-oil syndrome. Gallium-67 scanning and bronchoalveolar lavage studies in patients with abnormal lung function.
|
The toxic-oil syndrome (TOS) is a multisystem disorder whose etiology and pathogenesis are as yet unknown. Lung alterations persist in a significant number of TOS patients due to the underlying vascular lesion. Computer-assisted 67Ga scanning and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) studies were performed in 14 TOS patients with sustained abnormal diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (Dco). No significant difference was observed between the 67Ga uptake index of the TOS and control populations. Likewise, there was no significant difference in the number of effector cells recovered from the lungs of TOS patients and controls by bronchoalveolar lavage. However, a rise in IgA and IgG concentrations (p less than 0.002) and a fall in alpha 1-antitrypsin (p less than 0.05) and transferrin (p less than 0.01) were observed in the TOS group. Phospholipid and lecithin concentrations in the lavage fluid were similar for patients and controls. The alveolar macrophage function assayed in three TOS patients was normal. These observations raise new questions about the outcome of lung pathology in TOS and warrant further follow-up studies of the lung abnormalities observed.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Bronchi', 'Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated', 'Female', 'Food Contamination', 'Gallium Radioisotopes', 'Humans', 'Lung Diseases', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Oils', 'Plant Oils', 'Pulmonary Alveoli', 'Radionuclide Imaging', 'Rapeseed Oil', 'Respiratory Function Tests', 'Syndrome', 'Therapeutic Irrigation']
| 4,028,850
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['A04.411.125'], ['D10.251.355.325'], ['J01.576.423.850.730.500.249', 'N06.850.460.400', 'N06.850.601.500.249'], ['D01.268.556.289.500.400', 'D01.496.360.400', 'D01.496.749.360', 'D01.552.544.289.500.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C08.381'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D10.627'], ['D10.627.700', 'D20.215.784.750'], ['A04.411.715'], ['E01.370.350.710', 'E01.370.384.730'], ['D10.627.700.066', 'D20.215.784.750.066'], ['E01.370.386.700'], ['C23.550.288.500'], ['E02.779.492.500', 'E02.831.535.492.500', 'E05.927']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
The clinical relevance of luteal phase deficiency: a committee opinion.
|
Luteal phase deficiency (LPD) has been described in healthy normally menstruating women and in association with other medical conditions. While progesterone is important for the process of implantation and early embryonic development, LPD, as an independent entity causing infertility, has not been proven.
|
['Age Factors', 'Aging', 'Biomarkers', 'Biopsy', 'Corpus Luteum Maintenance', 'Embryo Implantation', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Infertility, Female', 'Luteal Phase', 'Obesity', 'Ovary', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Pregnancy', 'Progesterone', 'Risk Assessment', 'Risk Factors']
| 22,819,186
|
[['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['G07.345.124'], ['D23.101'], ['E01.370.225.500.384.100', 'E01.370.225.998.054', 'E01.370.388.100', 'E04.074', 'E05.200.500.384.100', 'E05.200.998.054', 'E05.242.384.100'], ['G08.686.784.690.355.500', 'G08.686.784.769.520.500'], ['G08.686.784.170.104.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C13.351.500.365.700'], ['G08.686.605.410'], ['C18.654.726.500', 'C23.888.144.699.500', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120.699.500', 'G07.100.100.160.120.699.500'], ['A05.360.319.114.630', 'A05.360.576.497', 'A06.300.312.497'], ['E05.318.370.800.650', 'N05.715.360.325.700.640', 'N06.850.520.445.800.650'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['D04.210.500.745.745.654.829', 'D06.472.334.734.623', 'D06.472.334.851.687.750'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.715', 'N04.452.871.715', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.690', 'N06.850.505.715', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.715'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
The matching method for veins images.
|
BACKGROUND: A common problem in medical practice is the localization of subcutaneous veins and arteries. Automatization of this procedure may help to develop bloodbot rigs and improve use of image guided surgery.METHOD: It is not necessary to have a full 3D model in order to determine their location by calculating the spatial coordinates of veins axes in the adopted coordinate system. A much better solution is pre-segmentation, which provides veins axes, and further search for stereo correspondence in the segmented images. The computational complexity of this approach is much smaller, which ensures its quick operation. A disparity map necessary for the calculation of spatial coordinates is created according to the principle that the most likely correct distance between homologous elements is the minimum distance value. To increase the effectiveness of the method, the difference in the distance between the homologous points and their neighbours is further analysed.RESULTS: The method is illustrated with examples of the authors' own images of subcutaneous veins as well as standard images used for the evaluation of new methods for seeking stereo correspondence. In addition, the method has been compared with three recognized and widely used algorithms for matching images. The effectiveness of the new method reaches 100% of properly matched pixels. The largest percentage of mismatches is 27%. The lowest value of standard deviation is 0.1 and the highest 10 pixels. The proposed method is at least two times faster than other presented methods.
|
['Algorithms', 'Humans', 'Imaging, Three-Dimensional', 'Pattern Recognition, Automated', 'Veins']
| 28,709,744
|
[['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.400', 'L01.224.308.410'], ['L01.399.750'], ['A07.015.908']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Apical Microleakage in Root Canals Obturated With 2 Different Endodontic Sealer Systems in Canine Teeth of Dogs.
|
An apical dye leakage test was utilized to compare 2 endodontic sealer systems commonly used in veterinary endodontic treatment. Rotary instrumentation followed by injection of 2 different sealers (GuttaFlow 2 and AH Plus) and a single master cone obturation technique were compared. Following obturation and restoration, specimens were immersed in India ink for 48 hours. A tooth mineral clearing technique was utilized to render the tooth samples transparent. Subsequently, the apices were evaluated for prevalence and magnitude of apical dye penetration under magnification. Statistical analysis of the results revealed no significant differences in the prevalence or magnitude of apical dye penetration between groups.
|
['Animals', 'Cuspid', 'Dental Leakage', 'Dental Pulp Cavity', 'Dogs', 'Male', 'Root Canal Filling Materials', 'Root Canal Obturation']
| 28,631,551
|
[['B01.050'], ['A14.549.167.860.200'], ['C07.793.221'], ['A14.549.167.900.265'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.250.216.200'], ['D25.339.859', 'J01.637.051.339.859'], ['E06.397.778.778']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
HIV-1 pol gene variation is sufficient for reconstruction of transmissions in the era of antiretroviral therapy.
|
OBJECTIVES: We wished to assess the potential of using HIV-1 pol gene for the identification of transmissions events by phylogenetic means in the era of antiretroviral drug selective pressure.DESIGN: The relatedness of the viruses within a large database of pol sequences generated from HIV-1 infected individuals from the UK was reconstructed by phylogenetic analyses.METHODS: A total of 140 pol sequences were selected out of the 2500 database entries, on the basis of a pairwise genetic distance higher than 95%. Neighbour Joining and Maximum Likelihood trees were implemented. Trees were reconstructed after exclusion of codon positions associated with drug resistance from the original pol alignment. Trees based on the corresponding env and gag genes were implemented to confirm the linkages.RESULTS: Up to 23 transmission clusters were identified, supported by high bootstrap values (> 99), congruent epidemiological data and/or similar drug resistance motifs. The topology of the tree was consistent after exclusion of the drug resistance associated codons. Identical topologies were obtained in trees implemented from gag and env genes alignments.CONCLUSIONS: Despite its genetic conservation, the HIV-1 pol gene holds sufficient variability to permit the phylogenetic reconstruction of transmissions. Identical clusters were obtained whichever of the three principal genes is considered and no bias was induced by the presence of drug resistance mutations. These findings demonstrate the important epidemiological information inherent within routinely collected laboratory data, which can assist in estimating rates of recent HIV-1 transmission within a population.
|
['Anti-HIV Agents', 'Databases, Genetic', 'Drug Resistance, Viral', 'Genes, env', 'Genes, gag', 'Genes, pol', 'Genetic Variation', 'HIV Infections', 'HIV-1', 'Humans', 'Phylogeny', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Sequence Alignment']
| 15,075,506
|
[['D27.505.954.122.388.077.088'], ['L01.313.500.750.300.188.400.325', 'L01.470.750.750.325'], ['G06.225.420', 'G06.920.225', 'G07.690.773.984.269.420'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.364.875.172', 'G05.360.340.358.024.875.172', 'G05.360.340.358.840.500.172'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.364.875.258', 'G05.360.340.358.024.875.258', 'G05.360.340.358.840.500.258'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.364.875.667', 'G05.360.340.358.024.875.667', 'G05.360.340.358.840.500.667'], ['G05.365'], ['C01.221.250.875', 'C01.221.812.640.400', 'C01.778.640.400', 'C01.925.782.815.616.400', 'C01.925.813.400', 'C20.673.480'], ['B04.820.650.589.650.350.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G05.697', 'G16.075.605', 'L01.100.697'], ['E05.393.620.500'], ['E05.393.751']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
PD-1 silencing impairs the anti-tumor function of chimeric antigen receptor modified T cells by inhibiting proliferation activity.
|
BACKGROUND: Blocking programmed death-1 (PD-1) is considered to be a promising strategy to improve T cell function, and this is being explored in many ongoing clinical trials. In fact, our knowledge about PD-1 is primarily based on the results of short-term experiments or observations, but how long-lasting PD-1 blockade can affect T cell function remains unclear.METHODS: We planned to use shRNA-based gene knockdown technology to mimic long-lasting PD-1 blockade. We constructed PD-1 steadily blocked chimeric antigen receptor modified T (CAR-T) cells, and with these cells we can clearly study the effects of PD-1 knockdown on T cell function. The anti-tumor function, proliferation ability and differentiation status of PD-1 silenced CAR-T cells were studied by in vitro and animal experiments.RESULTS: According to short-term in vitro results, it was reconfirmed that the resistance to programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1)-mediated immunosuppression could be enhanced by PD-1 blockade. However, better anti-tumor function was not presented by PD-1 blocked CAR-T cells in vitro or in vivo experiments. It was found that PD-1 knockdownmight impair the anti-tumor potential of CAR-T cells because it inhibited T cells' proliferation activity. In addition, we observed that PD-1 blockade would accelerate T cells' early differentiation and prevent effector T cells from differentiating into effect memory T cells, and this might be the reason for the limited proliferation of PD-1 silenced CAR-T cells.CONCLUSION: These results suggest that PD-1 might play an important role in maintaining the proper proliferation and differentiation of T cells, and PD-1 silencing would impair T cells' anti-tumor function by inhibiting their proliferation activity.
|
['A549 Cells', 'Animals', 'Cell Differentiation', 'Female', 'Gene Knockdown Techniques', 'Humans', 'Lymphocyte Activation', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred NOD', 'Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor', 'Receptors, Chimeric Antigen', 'T-Lymphocytes']
| 31,391,096
|
[['A11.251.210.190.080', 'A11.251.860.180.080', 'A11.436.054'], ['B01.050'], ['G04.152'], ['E05.393.335.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.812.482', 'E05.200.812.482', 'E05.478.594.530', 'G12.450.050.400.545', 'G12.565'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.565', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.565'], ['D12.776.465.844', 'D12.776.543.750.705.222.875', 'D23.050.301.264.894.790', 'D23.101.100.894.790'], ['D12.776.543.750.655.500', 'D12.776.543.750.705.816.824.150', 'D12.776.826.387.500'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.569', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Prevalence of human papillomavirus antibodies in young female subjects in England.
|
Sera from 1483 female subjects in England aged 10-29 years were tested. The age-standardised seroprevalence was 10.7% (95% confidence intervals 9.0-12.3) for human papillomavirus (HPV) 6, 2.7% (1.8-3.6) for HPV 11, 11.9% (10.2-13.6) for HPV 16, 4.7% (3.5-5.8) for HPV 18, and 20.7% (18.6-22.7) for any of the four types.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Antibodies, Viral', 'Child', 'England', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Papillomaviridae', 'Papillomavirus Infections', 'Prevalence', 'Seroepidemiologic Studies']
| 17,726,462
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.254', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.254', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.254'], ['M01.060.406'], ['Z01.542.363.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['B04.280.210.655', 'B04.613.204.655'], ['C01.925.256.650', 'C01.925.928.725'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['E05.318.372.500.950', 'N05.715.360.330.500.950', 'N06.850.520.450.500.950']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Partial protection against tissue cysts formation in pigs vaccinated with crude rhoptry proteins of Toxoplasma gondii.
|
A vaccine containing crude Toxoplasma gondii rhoptry proteins incorporated in the immunostimulating complexes (ISCOM) adjuvant was tested in pigs for protecting against tissue cyst formation. For this, 38 mixed breed pigs were divided into four groups, G1 (vaccinated challenged, n=10) received two doses (100 microg/dose) of the rhoptry vaccine at days 0 and 21, G2 (vaccinated challenged, n=10) received viable tachyzoites (7 x 10(7)) of the RH strain at day 0, G3 (unvaccinated challenged, n=10) and G4 (unvaccinated unchallenged, n=8). Pigs were challenged with 4 x 10(4) VEG strain oocysts 57 days later. The G1 pigs produced high IgG antibody levels in the indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) after the second dose of rhoptry vaccine, but were not clinically protected against a high dose oocyst challenge. Partial protection was observed in G1 at the chronic phase of infection, when compared with G3. Pigs in group 2 developed high antibody levels and were protected against clinic signs. T. gondii was not detected in two (G1) and three (G2) pigs by mouse bioassay. The results indicate partial protection in pigs vaccinated with a rhoptry vaccine.
|
['Animals', 'Antibodies, Protozoan', 'Biological Assay', 'Blotting, Western', 'Body Temperature', 'Brain', 'Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay', 'Female', 'ISCOMs', 'Immunoglobulin G', 'Male', 'Membrane Proteins', 'Mice', 'Muscle, Smooth', 'Protozoan Proteins', 'Protozoan Vaccines', 'Swine', 'Swine Diseases', 'Toxoplasma', 'Toxoplasmosis, Animal', 'Vaccination']
| 15,845,275
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.252', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.252', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.252'], ['E05.091'], ['E05.196.401.143', 'E05.301.300.096', 'E05.478.566.320.200', 'E05.601.262', 'E05.601.470.320.200'], ['E01.370.600.875.374', 'G07.110'], ['A08.186.211'], ['E05.478.566.350.170', 'E05.478.566.380.360', 'E05.478.583.400.170', 'E05.601.470.350.170', 'E05.601.470.380.360'], ['D20.215.894.860.449'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.619.393', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.619.393', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.619.393'], ['D12.776.543'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['A02.633.570', 'A10.690.467'], ['D12.776.820'], ['D20.215.894.582'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.880'], ['C22.905'], ['B01.043.075.189.250.750.800'], ['C01.610.701.688.817', 'C01.610.752.250.800.110', 'C01.610.752.625.817', 'C22.674.710.817'], ['E02.095.465.425.400.530.890', 'E05.478.550.600.890', 'N02.421.726.758.310.890', 'N06.850.780.200.425.900', 'N06.850.780.680.310.890']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Synchronous carcinomas of cervix and ovary: case reports.
|
Four cases of synchronous carcinoma of the cervix and ovary are reported. In all cases the ovarian and cervical tumours were adenocarcinoma. Surgical management was determined by the extent of the tumours and the need for intracavitary radiotherapy. The dilema in determining whether the tumours were separate primaries or one primary with metastasis is discussed.
|
['Adenocarcinoma', 'Adult', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasms, Multiple Primary', 'Ovarian Neoplasms', 'Uterine Cervical Neoplasms']
| 7,653,409
|
[['C04.557.470.200.025'], ['M01.060.116'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04.651'], ['C04.588.322.455', 'C13.351.500.056.630.705', 'C13.351.937.418.685', 'C19.344.410', 'C19.391.630.705'], ['C04.588.945.418.948.850', 'C13.351.500.852.593.131', 'C13.351.500.852.762.850', 'C13.351.937.418.875.850']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Influence of Dissolved Organic Carbon on the Acute Toxicity of Copper and Zinc to White Sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) and a Cladoceran (Ceriodaphnia dubia).
|
We conducted acute lethality tests with white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) and Ceriodaphnia dubia exposed to copper and zinc at dissolved organic carbon concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 5.5 mg/L. Dissolved organic carbon had minimal effects on zinc toxicity but did have a protective effect on acute copper toxicity, which was equal to that predicted by the copper biotic ligand model (BLM). The BLM-adjusted copper median effect concentrations for A. transmontanus ranged from 2.4 to 8.2 mg/L. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:2682-2687. Published 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of SETAC. This article is a US government work, and as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America.
|
['Animals', 'Carbon', 'Cladocera', 'Copper', 'Fishes', 'Water Pollutants, Chemical', 'Zinc']
| 31,499,580
|
[['B01.050'], ['D01.268.150'], ['B01.050.500.131.365.150'], ['D01.268.556.195', 'D01.268.956.170', 'D01.552.544.195'], ['B01.050.150.900.493'], ['D27.888.284.903.655'], ['D01.268.556.940', 'D01.268.956.906', 'D01.552.544.940']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Determination of 2'-deoxy-3'-thiacytidine (3TC) in human urine by liquid chromatography: direct injection with column switching.
|
3TC (GR109714X) is a cytidine dideoxynucleoside analogue which has been shown to have in vitro activity against a variety of strains of HIV-1 and is currently being investigated in clinical trials as a treatment for HIV infection. An HPLC method for the determination of 3TC in human urine has been developed and validated. The method allows direct injection of urine (10 microliters) using HPLC column switching followed by UV detection. On-line extraction is performed using a Spherisorb-SCX (5 microns, 20 x 4.0 mm) eluted with deionized water at 1 ml min-1. 3TC is retained while the bulk of urine constituents are eluted to waste. The SCX column is then backflushed to a BDS-Hypersil-C18 (5 microns, 250 x 4.6 mm) and eluted with 100 mM acetate pH 4.5-methanol (95:5, v/v) for final separation. 3TC is detected by UV absorbance at lambda = 285. The quantitation range of the assay was 0.5-500 micrograms ml-1. The method has demonstrated sufficient ruggedness to be used in support of 3TC clinical trials. Application to other cytidine analogues including DDC has been demonstrated.
|
['Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'HIV Infections', 'Humans', 'Lamivudine', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Zalcitabine']
| 8,003,552
|
[['E05.196.181.400.300'], ['C01.221.250.875', 'C01.221.812.640.400', 'C01.778.640.400', 'C01.925.782.815.616.400', 'C01.925.813.400', 'C20.673.480'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D03.383.742.680.245.500.950.500', 'D13.570.230.329.950.500', 'D13.570.230.500.925.500', 'D13.570.685.245.500.950.500'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['D03.383.742.680.245.500.950', 'D13.570.230.329.950', 'D13.570.230.500.925', 'D13.570.685.245.500.950']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Inhibition of cellular glutathione biosynthesis by rifampicin in Mycobacterium smegmatis.
|
This study was carried out to investigate the mechanism of Rifampicin (RIF) induced glutathione (GSH) depletion in M. smegmatis. RIF at various concentrations decreased the activities of gamma glutamyl cysteine synthetase (GGCS) and GSH synthetase. Maximum decrease in the activities of biosynthetic enzymes of GSH was observed when 15 micrograms RIF ml-1 medium was incorporated in the growth medium before performing inoculations. The activity of GGCS was also decreased when three day grown M. smegmatis was exposed to 60 micrograms RIF ml-1 medium for a period of 6 h and 9 h. RIF did not alter the activity of gamma glutamyl transferase. The results of the present study demonstrate that the depletion caused by RIF in cellular GSH is due to its decreased biosynthesis whereas its degradation is not affected in M. smegmatis.
|
['Glutamate-Cysteine Ligase', 'Glutathione', 'Glutathione Synthase', 'Mycobacterium', 'Rifampin', 'gamma-Glutamyltransferase']
| 1,352,683
|
[['D08.811.464.259.850.400'], ['D12.644.456.448'], ['D08.811.464.259.850.500'], ['B03.510.024.962.500', 'B03.510.460.400.410.552.552'], ['D03.633.400.811.700', 'D04.345.295.750.700'], ['D08.811.913.050.200.500']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Three-year prevalence of healthcare-associated infections in Dutch nursing homes.
|
From November 2007 for a period of three years (2007-2009), we conducted an annual one-day prevalence study of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) among nursing home residents in the Nijmegen region of The Netherlands. In the absence of national HAI definitions applicable to the nursing home setting, we used modified definitions based on US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria for bloodstream infection, lower respiratory tract infection, bacterial conjunctivitis, and gastroenteritis. For the surveillance of urinary tract infection (UTI), criteria established by the Dutch Association of Elderly Care Physicians were used. Resident characteristics were recorded and data collection was performed by the attending elderly care physicians. For the three-year period, 1275, 1323, and 1772 nursing home residents were included, resulting in a prevalence of HAIs of 6.7%, 7.6% and 7.6%, in 2007, 2008 and 2009, respectively. The demographics with respect to age (mean 81 years) and sex (31% men, 69% women) were almost identical in all three years. UTI was the most prevalent HAI with 3.5%, 4.2%, and 4.1% respectively. Most HAIs occurred among residents of rehabilitation units. The prevalence of HAIs varied by nursing home (range: 0.0-32.4%). We present the results of the first prevalence study of HAIs in Dutch nursing homes. Point prevalence studies of HAIs, as part of a quality improvement cycle, are an important cornerstone of infection control programmes in nursing homes, allowing us to further increase patient safety efforts in this setting.
|
['Aged, 80 and over', 'Bacteremia', 'Bacterial Infections', 'Bronchopneumonia', 'Conjunctivitis', 'Cross Infection', 'Female', 'Gastroenteritis', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Netherlands', 'Nursing Homes', 'Prevalence']
| 21,435,737
|
[['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['C01.150.252.100', 'C01.757.100', 'C23.550.470.790.500.100'], ['C01.150.252'], ['C01.748.610.127', 'C08.127.509', 'C08.381.677.127', 'C08.730.610.127'], ['C11.187.183'], ['C01.248', 'C23.550.291.875.500'], ['C06.405.205'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.542.651'], ['N02.278.825.610'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Differential roles for mGluR1 and mGluR5 in the persistent prolongation of epileptiform bursts.
|
Transient activation of group I metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) with the selective agonist (S)-3,5-dihydroxyphenylglycine (DHPG) produces persistent prolongation of epileptiform bursts in guinea pig hippocampal slices, the maintenance of which can be reversibly suppressed with group I mGluR antagonists. To determine the relative roles of mGluR1 and mGluR5 in these group I mGluR-dependent induction and maintenance processes, subtype-selective antagonists were utilized. In the presence of picrotoxin, DHPG (50 microM, 20-45 min) converted interictal bursts into 1- to 3-s discharges that persisted for hours following washout of the mGluR agonist. 2-methyl-6-(phenylethynyl)-pyridine (MPEP, an mGluR5 antagonist; 25 microM) and (+)-2-methyl-4-carboxyphenylglycine (LY367385, an mGluR1 antagonist; 20-25 microM) each significantly suppressed the ongoing expression of the mGluR-induced prolonged bursts. However, LY367385 was more effective, reducing the burst prolongation by nearly 90%; MPEP only produced a 64% reduction in burst prolongation. Nevertheless, MPEP was more effective at preventing the induction of the burst prolongation; all 10 slices tested failed to express prolonged bursts both during and after co-application of DHPG with MPEP. Co-application of DHPG with LY367385, in contrast, resulted in significant burst prolongation (in 68% of slices tested) that was revealed on washout of the two agents. These results suggest that while both receptor subtypes participate in both the induction and maintenance of mGluR-mediated burst prolongation, mGluR1 activation plays a greater role in sustaining the expression of prolonged bursts, whereas mGluR5 activation may be a more critical contributor to the induction process underlying this type of epileptogenesis.
|
['Animals', 'Benzoates', 'Convulsants', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Epilepsy', 'Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists', 'Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists', 'GABA Antagonists', 'Glycine', 'Guinea Pigs', 'Hippocampus', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Membrane Potentials', 'Picrotoxin', 'Pyridines', 'Receptor, Metabotropic Glutamate 5', 'Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate', 'Resorcinols', 'Time Factors']
| 11,784,776
|
[['B01.050'], ['D02.241.223.100', 'D02.455.426.559.389.127'], ['D27.505.696.282.224', 'D27.505.954.427.220.224'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['C10.228.140.490'], ['D27.505.519.625.190.200', 'D27.505.696.577.190.200'], ['D27.505.519.625.190.300', 'D27.505.696.577.190.300'], ['D27.505.519.625.240.300', 'D27.505.696.577.240.300'], ['D12.125.481'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.550'], ['A08.186.211.180.405', 'A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.345'], ['E05.481'], ['G01.154.535', 'G04.580', 'G07.265.675', 'G11.561.570'], ['D02.455.426.392.368.367.800', 'D02.540.552'], ['D03.383.725'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.450.500', 'D12.776.543.750.720.200.450.500.500'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.450', 'D12.776.543.750.720.200.450.500'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.657.852'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Edge-to-edge tricuspid valve repair in hypoplastic left heart syndrome.
|
Tricuspid regurgitation (TR) is known to be a risk factor for mortality in the surgical management of patients with hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS). Concomitant repair for TR should be considered when the TR is moderate to severe to achieve successful Fontan completion. The present case was a 20-month-old girl who was diagnosed with HLHS (mitral atresia and aortic atresia). She underwent a Norwood procedure as the first palliation followed by a Glenn procedure. After that, she gradually developed TR, which progressed to a severe state at the time of the Fontan procedure. An edge-to-edge tricuspid valve repair, in which the anterior and septal leaflets were sutured together, was performed simultaneously with the extracardiac Fontan procedure. Discharge echocardiography revealed that the degree of TR was less than mild. The technique is simple, not time-consuming, and may be an effective adjunct for successful completion of the Fontan procedure in these patients.
|
['Cardiac Surgical Procedures', 'Female', 'Fontan Procedure', 'Humans', 'Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome', 'Infant', 'Severity of Illness Index', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Tricuspid Valve', 'Tricuspid Valve Insufficiency', 'Ultrasonography']
| 18,066,643
|
[['E04.100.376', 'E04.928.220'], ['E04.035.410.295', 'E04.100.376.410.295', 'E04.100.376.724.500', 'E04.100.814.868.875.295', 'E04.928.220.370.295', 'E04.928.220.560.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C14.240.400.625', 'C14.280.400.625', 'C16.131.240.400.625'], ['M01.060.703'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475.456.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.364.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.364.500'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['A07.541.510.893'], ['C14.280.484.856'], ['E01.370.350.850']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Abdominal compartment syndrome in the open abdomen.
|
BACKGROUND: Multiple methods exist to manage in the intensive care unit the patient with an open abdomen. An increasingly common method is the vacuum packed technique. This method accommodates considerable expansion of intra-abdominal contents and should obviate the potential development of the abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS). Despite this, some patients with these temporary abdominal dressings will go on to develop ACS. For the purpose of this study we have defined this clinical entity as the open abdomen ACS.HYPOTHESIS: Patients with an open abdomen who develop ACS have a poor prognosis. Fluid requirements and resuscitative indices may predict which of these patients will develop open abdomen ACS.METHODS: A retrospective review was performed of patients with trauma who had an open abdomen treated with vacuum packed dressings at our urban level I trauma center. Over 1 year (July 1, 1999-June 30, 2000), 5 patients managed with an open abdomen developed ACS. These patients were compared with 15 consecutive patients with an open abdomen who did not develop clinical ACS during that same period. Fluid resuscitation, base deficit, pH, lactate level, systolic blood pressure, prothrombin time, temperature, peak inspiratory pressure, and PCO(2) were abstracted. The Fisher exact test was used for statistical analysis.RESULTS: In patients managed with an open abdomen, ACS developed between 1.5 and 12 hours (mean [SD], 7.5 [3.9] hours) after placement of the vacuum packed dressing. The base deficit, pH, peak inspiratory pressure, PCO(2,) and lactate level were more abnormal and the crystalloid requirements were significantly higher in the ACS group. The systolic blood pressure, temperature, and prothrombin time did not differ between groups. Three patients with ACS developed a second episode of ACS. Mortality in the ACS group was 3 (60%) of 5 patients vs 1 (7%) of 15 patients in the control group.CONCLUSIONS: Management of the open abdomen with the temporary abdominal closure does not prevent the development of ACS. Mortality is high when ACS occurs in this scenario. Severe physiologic derangement and high crystalloid requirements may predict which patients will develop ACS.
|
['Abdomen', 'Abdominal Injuries', 'Adult', 'Compartment Syndromes', 'Drainage', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Occlusive Dressings', 'Pressure', 'Retrospective Studies']
| 12,413,323
|
[['A01.923.047'], ['C26.017'], ['M01.060.116'], ['C05.651.180', 'C14.907.303'], ['E02.309', 'E04.237'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E07.101.650'], ['G01.374.715'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Karyotype abnormalities in a variant Chinese hamster cell line resistant to methyl methanesulphonate.
|
A variant cell population, isolated from V79-C13 Chinese hamster cells after two consecutive treatments with methyl methanesulphonate (MMS), was found to be highly resistant to killing by this alkylating agent. The resistant cell line was cytogenetically characterized both by the presence of a stable translocation involving metacentric chromosome 2 and acrocentric chromosome 6 and by a supernumerary chromosome originated by the duplication of a small telocentric chromosome. This cell population also showed a transient transformed phenotype, seen as formation of transformed foci containing cells with high chromosomes counts and multiple chromosomal aberrations. As MMS-resistance and karyotype changes are permanent and heritable traits, we suppose that they are related events.
|
['Alkylating Agents', 'Animals', 'Cell Line', 'Chromosome Aberrations', 'Chromosome Banding', 'Chromosome Disorders', 'Chromosome Mapping', 'Cricetinae', 'Cricetulus', 'Drug Resistance', 'Karyotyping', 'Methyl Methanesulfonate']
| 8,690,612
|
[['D27.505.519.124', 'D27.888.569.035'], ['B01.050'], ['A11.251.210'], ['C23.550.210', 'G05.365.590.175'], ['E01.370.225.500.385.130', 'E01.370.225.500.620.670.130', 'E01.370.225.750.600.670.130', 'E05.200.500.385.130', 'E05.200.500.620.670.130', 'E05.200.750.600.670.130', 'E05.242.385.130', 'E05.393.285.130'], ['C16.131.260', 'C16.320.180'], ['E05.393.183'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.075.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.075.250.250'], ['G07.690.773.984'], ['E01.370.225.500.385.315', 'E05.200.500.385.315', 'E05.242.385.315', 'E05.393.285.475'], ['D02.455.326.146.100.050.500.500', 'D02.886.645.600.055.050.510.500']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Detection of alpha 1 and alpha 2 heavy-chain constant-region genes in common variable hypogammaglobulinaemia patients with undetectable IgA.
|
Five patients with common variable hypogammaglobulinaemia with undetectable levels of IgA in serum and saliva were investigated for immunoglobulin structural gene defects. All five patients carried in their genome alpha 1 and alpha 2 genes as detected in Southern blotting analysis by means of a cloned C alpha gene probe.
|
['Agammaglobulinemia', 'DNA', 'Genes', 'Humans', 'Immunoglobulin A', 'Immunoglobulin Constant Regions', 'Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains', 'Immunoglobulin alpha-Chains', 'Immunoglobulins']
| 6,438,795
|
[['C15.378.147.142', 'C15.604.515.032', 'C20.673.088'], ['D13.444.308'], ['G05.360.340.024.340'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.619.026', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.619.026', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.619.026'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.538', 'D12.776.124.790.651.538', 'D12.776.377.715.548.538'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.705.500', 'D12.776.124.790.651.705.500', 'D12.776.377.715.548.705.500'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.619.026.515', 'D12.776.124.486.485.705.500.350', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.619.026.515', 'D12.776.124.790.651.705.500.350', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.619.026.515', 'D12.776.377.715.548.705.500.350'], ['D12.776.124.486.485', 'D12.776.124.790.651', 'D12.776.377.715.548']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
WNK2 modulates MEK1 activity through the Rho GTPase pathway.
|
WNK protein kinases form a kinase subfamily expressed in multi-cellular organisms and the human genome encodes four distinct WNK genes. Human WNK2 has been recently identified as a cell growth regulator that modulates activation of the ERK1/2 protein kinase and is epigenetically silenced in gliomas. Here we provide mechanistic insight into how WNK2 affects ERK activation. We found that WNK2 depletion decreased RhoA activation and promoted GTP-loading of Rac1, leading to stimulation of the Rac1-effector PAK1, which is the kinase responsible for subsequent phosphorylation of MEK1 at serine 298, thereby increasing MEK affinity towards ERK1/2. We propose that WNK2 controls a RhoA-mediated cross-talk mechanism that regulates the efficiency with which MEK1 can activate ERK1/2 upon growth factor stimulation.
|
['Cell Line', 'Enzyme Activation', 'Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases', 'Gene Silencing', 'Humans', 'MAP Kinase Kinase 1', 'Phosphoserine', 'Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases', 'Recombinant Proteins', 'p21-Activated Kinases', 'rac1 GTP-Binding Protein', 'rhoA GTP-Binding Protein']
| 18,593,598
|
[['A11.251.210'], ['G02.111.263', 'G03.328'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.567.249', 'D12.644.360.450.169', 'D12.776.476.450.169'], ['G05.308.203.374'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.565.100', 'D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.200.100', 'D12.644.360.440.100', 'D12.776.476.440.100'], ['D12.125.154.800.968', 'D12.125.740.700'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700'], ['D12.776.828'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.596', 'D12.644.360.552', 'D12.776.476.548'], ['D08.811.277.040.330.300.400.700.100.500', 'D12.644.360.525.700.100.100', 'D12.776.157.325.515.700.100.100', 'D12.776.476.525.700.100.100'], ['D08.811.277.040.330.300.400.700.200', 'D12.644.360.525.700.200', 'D12.776.157.325.515.700.200', 'D12.776.476.525.700.200']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Engaged patients, engaged partnerships: singles and partners dealing with an acute cardiac event.
|
A few studies examine patients' (and partners') individual and relational functioning after an acute cardiac event and no research focuses on the individual and relational factors associated with the patient's engagement in his/her disease management. The present study aimed at exploring these variables in male and female patients as well as their partners. We pursued our objectives by taking advantage of a dyadic research design that involved both partners in the data collection, when present, and by including women patients in the sample. Findings showed that patients in a couple, compared to single patients, perceive that their illness had less serious consequences for their life and they were more engaged in their health care; that patients and partners showed comparable levels of distress; and that less depressed, more confident, and better informed patients were more likely to actively engage in their treatment. Findings are discussed in light of their implications for clinical practice.
|
['Aged', 'Female', 'Heart Diseases', 'Humans', 'Interpersonal Relations', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Patient Acceptance of Health Care', 'Patients', 'Spouses']
| 25,506,636
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['C14.280'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.829.401'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['F01.100.150.750.500', 'F01.145.488.887.500', 'N05.300.150.800.500'], ['M01.643'], ['F01.829.263.500.660', 'I01.880.853.150.500.670', 'M01.816']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
The targeted delivery of doxorubicin with transferrin-conjugated block copolypeptide vesicles.
|
We previously investigated the intracellular trafficking properties of our novel poly(l-glutamate)60-b-poly(l-leucine)20 (E60L20) vesicles (EL vesicles) conjugated to transferrin (Tf). In this study, we expand upon our previous work by investigating the drug encapsulation, release, and efficacy properties of our novel EL vesicles for the first time. After polyethylene glycol (PEG) was conjugated to the vesicles for steric stability, doxorubicin (DOX) was successfully encapsulated in the vesicles using a modified pH-ammonium sulfate gradient method. Tf was subsequently conjugated to the vesicles to provide active targeting to cancer cells and a mode of internalization into the cells. These Tf-conjugated, DOX-loaded, PEGylated EL (Tf-DPEL) vesicles exhibited colloidal stability and were within the allowable size range for passive and active targeting. A mathematical model was then derived to predict drug release from the Tf-DPEL vesicles by considering diffusive and convective mass transfer of DOX. Our mathematical model reasonably predicted our experimentally measured release profile with no fitted parameters, suggesting that the model could be used in the future to manipulate drug carrier properties to alter drug release profiles. Finally, an in vitro cytotoxicity assay was used to demonstrate that the Tf-DPEL vesicles exhibited enhanced drug carrier efficacy in comparison to its non-targeted counterpart.
|
['Cell Line, Tumor', 'Doxorubicin', 'Drug Delivery Systems', 'Humans', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Models, Theoretical', 'Peptides', 'Polyethylene Glycols', 'Solubility', 'Transferrin']
| 26,456,252
|
[['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.562.050.200.175', 'D04.615.562.050.200.175', 'D09.408.051.059.200.175'], ['E02.319.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G02.300'], ['E05.599'], ['D12.644'], ['D02.033.455.250.700', 'D05.750.741', 'D25.720.741', 'J01.637.051.720.741'], ['G02.805'], ['D12.776.124.050.800', 'D12.776.124.790.223.839', 'D12.776.157.427.750.500', 'D12.776.377.715.182.839', 'D12.776.556.579.750.500']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Intramedullary versus extramedullary tibial alignment guides in total knee arthroplasty.
|
The intramedullary alignment guide is superior to the extramedullary guide for preparation of the femur in total knee arthroplasty. However, there is controversy over which guide is more appropriate for the tibial sector. We retrospectively compared the accuracy of the intramedullary and extramedullary guides for tibial cutting in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty. Total knee arthroplasty was performed in 100 knees (68 patients) during a 2-year period. The intramedullary rod was used for preparation of the femur in all cases. For the tibia, each guide system was used in 50 knees. The intramedullary rod was not used in tibias with extreme deformity where the rod could not pass at least two-thirds of the way through the medullary canal. Standing anteroposterior radiographs of the hip to the ankle were taken before surgery and 2 to 6 months postoperatively. The angle formed by the intersection of the tibial mechanical axis and the undersurface of the tibial component (tibial component angle) was measured to check the accuracy of the tibial alignment system. We found no significant differences in the mechanical axis, tibiofemoral alignment, or the tibial component angle between the two groups. The proximal tibial cuts were within 2 degrees of the ideal (90 degrees) in 84% of knees treated with the intramedullary guide, and in 82% of those with the extramedullary guide (p > 0.1). These findings suggest that both guide systems can yield satisfactory alignment. If the tibia is not badly deformed, the intramedullary rod can produce tibial cuts as accurately as the extramedullary system.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Tibia']
| 9,747,068
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['E04.555.110.110.115', 'E04.650.110.115', 'E04.680.101.110.115'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['A02.835.232.043.650.883']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Central effects of a local inflammation in three commonly used mouse strains with a different anxious phenotype.
|
As in humans, genetic background in rodents may influence a peculiar set of behavioural traits such as sensitivity to pain and stressors or anxiety-related behaviours. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that mice with different genetic backgrounds [outbred (CD1), inbred (C57BL/6J) and hybrid (B6C3F1) adult male mice] display altered reactivity to pain, stress and anxiety related behaviours. We demonstrated that B6C3F1 mice displayed the more anxious phenotype with respect to C57BL/6J or CD1 animals, with the latter being the less anxious strain when tested in an open field and on an elevated plus maze. No difference was observed across strains in thermal sensitivity to a radiant heat source. Mice were then treated with a sub-plantar injection of the inflammatory agent Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA), 24h later they were hyperalgesic with respect to saline exposed animals, irrespective of strain. We then measured intra-strain differences and CFA-induced inter-strain effects on the expression of various genes with a recognized role in pain and anxiety: BDNF, IL-6, IL-1â, IL-18 and NMDA receptor subunits in the mouse thalamus, hippocampus and hypothalamus. The more anxious phenotype observed in B6C3F1 hybrid mice displayed lower levels of BDNF mRNA in the hippocampus and hypothalamus when compared to outbred CD1 and C57BL/6J inbred mice. CFA led to a general decrease in central gene expression of the evaluated targets especially in CD1 mice, while BDNF hypothalamic downregulation stands out as a common effect of CFA in all three strains evaluated.
|
['Analysis of Variance', 'Animals', 'Animals, Outbred Strains', 'Anxiety', 'Brain', 'Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor', 'Cytokines', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Exploratory Behavior', "Freund's Adjuvant", 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Hyperalgesia', 'Inflammation', 'Male', 'Maze Learning', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred Strains', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate', 'Species Specificity']
| 21,624,397
|
[['E05.318.740.150', 'N05.715.360.750.125', 'N06.850.520.830.150'], ['B01.050'], ['B01.050.050.284'], ['F01.470.132'], ['A08.186.211'], ['D12.644.276.860.100', 'D12.776.467.860.100', 'D12.776.631.600.100', 'D23.529.850.100'], ['D12.644.276.374', 'D12.776.467.374', 'D23.529.374'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['F01.145.387', 'F01.658.370'], ['D20.475'], ['G05.308'], ['C10.597.751.791.400', 'C23.888.592.763.770.400'], ['C23.550.470'], ['F02.463.425.874.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['D12.776.157.530.400.400.500.500', 'D12.776.543.550.450.500.200.500', 'D12.776.543.585.400.500.200.500', 'D12.776.543.750.720.200.450.400.500'], ['G16.824']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Primary anaplastic lymphoma kinase-negative anaplastic large-cell lymphoma of the breast in a male patient.
|
Anaplastic large-cell lymphoma is an extremely rare lymphoma subtype. We describe the mammographic and ultrasonographic findings in a 51-year-old male patient who suffered from a palpable lump caused by this rare disease.
|
['Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase', 'Breast Neoplasms, Male', 'Humans', 'Lymphoma, Large-Cell, Anaplastic', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Radiography', 'Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases', 'Ultrasonography']
| 22,457,412
|
[['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.400.002', 'D12.776.543.750.630.002'], ['C04.588.180.260', 'C17.800.090.500.260'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.557.386.480.750.399', 'C15.604.515.569.480.750.600', 'C20.683.515.761.480.750.399'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.370.350.700'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.400', 'D12.776.543.750.630'], ['E01.370.350.850']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Shared decision making for hydroxyurea treatment initiation in children with sickle cell anemia.
|
Clinical trials have demonstrated hydroxyurea's efficacy in improving health outcomes for children with sickle cell anemia (SCA) who have medical complications. New NHLBI clinical guidelines will recommend offering hydroxyurea to young patients regardless of clinical severity. Shared decision making may be an effective approach for implementing this practice change. Decision aids that help patients/parents feel empowered to make this decision and help providers feel comfortable in discussing hydroxyurea as a preventive treatment may facilitate shared discussions between families and providers. We recommend six strategies providers can use to facilitate these discussions while decision aids and tools are being developed. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2015;62:184-185. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
|
['Anemia, Sickle Cell', 'Antisickling Agents', 'Child', 'Clinical Decision-Making', 'Decision Making', 'Humans', 'Hydroxyurea', 'Parents', 'Physician-Patient Relations']
| 25,308,571
|
[['C15.378.071.141.150.150', 'C15.378.420.155', 'C16.320.070.150', 'C16.320.365.155'], ['D27.505.954.502.135'], ['M01.060.406'], ['E01.055'], ['F02.463.785.373'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D02.065.950.395'], ['F01.829.263.500.320', 'I01.880.853.150.500.340', 'M01.620'], ['F01.829.401.650.675', 'N05.300.660.625']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug toxicity monitoring and safety practices.
|
OBJECTIVE: Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug (NSAID) related gastrointestinal (GI) and renal adverse events are commonly reported. Although published guidelines recommend periodic laboratory monitoring, NSAID safety practices of physicians have not been investigated at a population level. We examined the associations of physician specialty and patient characteristics with NSAID safety practices.METHODS: Using administrative data and medical record review from a regional managed care organization, we studied a retrospective cohort of 373 frequent NSAID users (> or = 3 consecutive NSAID prescriptions and > or = 1 month of continuous NSAID use and followup). NSAID safety measures included: complete blood count (CBC) testing, creatinine testing, use of GI cytoprotective agents, and lack of simultaneous prescriptions for different NSAID (NSAID overlap).RESULTS: The mean duration of cumulative NSAID use was 14.4 +/- 7.7 months/patient, patient age was 62.0 +/- 11.4 years, and 63% were women. About two-thirds of patients received CBC (238, 63.8%) and creatinine monitoring (263, 70.5%), one-third (120, 32.2%) were prescribed cytoprotective agents, and one-fourth (97, 26%) had at least one NSAID overlap. After multivariable adjustments, concomitant use of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (OR 2.5, 95% CI 1.1-5.8), longer NSAID exposure (OR 1.3, 95% CI 1.1-1.4), and a greater number of physician visits/year (OR 1.1, 95% CI 1.0-1.2) were significantly associated with receipt of a CBC. A history of hypertension (OR 2.0, 95% CI 1.2-3.2), longer NSAID exposure (OR 1.3, 95% CI 1.2-1.4), and more physician visits/year (OR 1.1, 95% CI 1.0-1.2) were significantly associated with serum creatinine testing. Rheumatologists, and to a lesser extent internists, trended toward more NSAID toxicity monitoring than family/general practitioners. However, family/general practitioners and internists were more likely to monitor creatinine than rheumatologists among patients with renal risk factors.CONCLUSION: While rheumatologists and internists trended toward more CBC and creatinine testing, visit frequency, duration of NSAID use, and comorbidities were the factors most consistently associated with safety monitoring.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems', 'Aged', 'Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal', 'Drug Utilization Review', 'Environmental Monitoring', 'Epidemiological Monitoring', 'Gastrointestinal Diseases', 'Humans', 'Middle Aged', 'Retrospective Studies']
| 14,719,213
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['E05.337.800.120', 'N02.421.668.320.120'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D27.505.696.663.850.014.040.500', 'D27.505.954.158.030', 'D27.505.954.329.030'], ['N04.452.706.477.400', 'N04.761.879.300', 'N05.700.900.300'], ['N06.850.460.350.080', 'N06.850.780.375'], ['E05.318.375', 'N06.850.520.460'], ['C06.405'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
In vivo passage of albumin from the aqueous humor into the lens.
|
PURPOSE: To determine if albumin, the major protein component of the aqueous humor, passes into the lens in vivo.METHODS: Rat albumin was covalently-labeled with Alexa 488 fluorophore, purified by gel permeation chromatography, then injected into the aqueous chamber of living rats. At 5 min postinjection, lenses were removed and analyzed by HPLC gel permeation chromatography, confocal microscopy, and immunogold electron microscopy.RESULTS: At 5 min postinjection, HPLC analysis detected measurable amounts of Alexa-labeled albumin in the lens. The results were confirmed by confocal microscopy, which showed passage into epithelial and cortical fiber cells. Immunogold electron microscopy using antibody to the Alexa fluorophore demonstrated intracellular location of the Alexa-albumin complex.CONCLUSIONS: In vivo, significant amounts of albumin pass from the aqueous chamber into cells of the lens, consistent with a possible physiological role for this process involving passage of metabolites into the lens.
|
['Animals', 'Aqueous Humor', 'Biological Transport', 'Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'Fluorescent Dyes', 'Gap Junctions', 'Hydrazines', 'Lens, Crystalline', 'Male', 'Microscopy, Confocal', 'Microscopy, Immunoelectron', 'Rats', 'Serum Albumin']
| 15,073,582
|
[['B01.050'], ['A09.371.060.067.070', 'A12.207.270.040'], ['G03.143'], ['E05.196.181.400.300'], ['D27.720.233.348', 'D27.720.470.410.505.500'], ['A11.284.149.165.420.471'], ['D02.442'], ['A09.371.060.500'], ['E01.370.350.515.395', 'E05.595.395'], ['E01.370.350.515.402.625', 'E05.595.402.625'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['D12.776.034.841', 'D12.776.124.727']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Acute myeloid leukemia and background radiation in an expanded case-referent study.
|
A case-referent study that investigated possible associations between environmental and occupational exposures and acute myeloid leukemia was performed on 86 cases and 172 referents, all of whom were living. Exposure information was obtained through a questionnaire mailed to each subject. An association was found between time spent in concrete buildings at home and work and leukemia morbidity. In addition, extensive x-ray examinations that occurred more than 5 y prior to diagnosis were more common among cases than referents.
|
['Acute Disease', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Environmental Exposure', 'Gamma Rays', 'Humans', 'Leukemia, Myeloid', 'Leukemia, Radiation-Induced', 'Middle Aged', 'Risk Factors', 'Sweden']
| 2,270,956
|
[['C23.550.291.125'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['N06.850.460.350'], ['G01.358.500.505.300', 'G01.750.250.300', 'G01.750.750.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.557.337.539'], ['C04.557.337.650', 'C04.682.512', 'C26.733.345', 'G01.750.748.500.345'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['Z01.542.816.500']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Acute effect of ozone exposure on daily mortality in seven cities of Jiangsu Province, China: No clear evidence for threshold.
|
BACKGROUND: Few multicity studies have addressed the health effects of ozone in China due to the scarcity of ozone monitoring data. A critical scientific and policy-relevant question is whether a threshold exists in the ozone-mortality relationship.METHODS: Using a generalized additive model and a univariate random-effects meta-analysis, this research evaluated the relationship between short-term ozone exposure and daily total mortality in seven cities of Jiangsu Province, China during 2013-2014. Spline, subset, and threshold models were applied to further evaluate whether a safe threshold level exists.RESULTS: This study found strong evidence that short-term ozone exposure is significantly associated with premature total mortality. A 10ìg/m3 increase in the average of the current and previous days' maximum 8-h average ozone concentration was associated with a 0.55% (95% posterior interval: 0.34%, 0.76%) increase of total mortality. This finding is robust when considering the confounding effect of PM2.5, PM10, NO2, and SO2. No consistent evidence was found for a threshold in the ozone-mortality concentration-response relationship down to concentrations well below the current Chinese Ambient Air Quality Standard (CAAQS) level 2 standard (160ìg/m3).CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that ozone concentrations below the current CAAQS level 2 standard could still induce increased mortality risks in Jiangsu Province, China. Continuous air pollution control measures could yield important health benefits in Jiangsu Province, China, even in cities that meet the current CAAQS level 2 standard.
|
['Air Pollutants', 'China', 'Cities', 'Environmental Exposure', 'Humans', 'Mortality', 'Ozone', 'Seasons']
| 28,231,551
|
[['D27.888.284.101'], ['Z01.252.474.164'], ['G16.500.275.069', 'N06.230.069', 'Z01.433'], ['N06.850.460.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.985.550', 'N01.224.935.698', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550'], ['D01.362.670.600'], ['G01.910.645.661', 'G16.500.275.071.590', 'N06.230.300.100.250.525']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
The electronic Psoriasis and Arthritis Screening Questionnaire (ePASQ): a sensitive and specific tool to diagnose psoriatic arthritis patients.
|
BACKGROUND: We report on an electronic version of the Psoriatic Arthritis Screening Questionnaire (ePASQ), a sensitive and specific tool for diagnosis of psoriatic arthritis (PsA) in patients with plaque psoriasis.OBJECTIVE: To validate the ePASQ against the original paper version.METHOD: The ePASQ scores 15 points on 10 weighted questions and a 68-joint diagram. Data were collected from a prospective cohort of 42 patients with early PsA meeting the Classification Criteria for Psoriatic Arthritis (CASPAR) criteria and from 12 plaque psoriasis patients without PsA.RESULTS: The receiver operating characteristic curves for the ePASQ group yielded an optimal 97.62% sensitivity and 75.00% specificity, for a cutoff score of 7. A cutoff point of 8 yielded 88.10% sensitivity and 75.00% specificity. Concordance of the paper and electronic scores was very high.CONCLUSION: The ePASQ is a sensitive and specific tool to screen for PsA. The simple electronic administration and automatic scoring minimize clinician involvement and increase the potential for wider distribution.
|
['Adult', 'Arthritis, Psoriatic', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Mass Screening', 'Middle Aged', 'Prospective Studies', 'ROC Curve', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Surveys and Questionnaires']
| 21,561,582
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['C05.116.900.853.625.800.424', 'C05.550.114.145', 'C05.550.114.865.800.424', 'C17.800.859.675.175'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.500', 'E05.318.308.980.438.580', 'N02.421.726.233.443', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.580', 'N06.850.780.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E05.318.370.800.750', 'E05.318.740.872.750', 'N05.715.360.325.700.680', 'N06.850.520.445.800.750'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Trends in research on energy balance supported by the National Cancer Institute.
|
Over the past decade, the body of research linking energy balance to the incidence, development, progression, and treatment of cancer has grown substantially. No prior NIH portfolio analyses have focused on energy balance within one institute. This portfolio analysis describes the growth of National Cancer Institute (NCI) grant research on energy balance-related conditions and behaviors from 2004 to 2010 following the release of an NCI research priority statement in 2003 on energy balance and cancer-related research. Energy balance grants from fiscal years (FY) 2004 to 2010 were identified using multiple search terms and analyzed between calendar years 2008 and 2010. Study characteristics related to cancer site, design, population, and energy balance area (physical activity, diet, and weight) were abstracted. From FY2004 to FY2010, the NCI awarded 269 energy balance-relevant grants totaling $518 million. In FY2010, 4.2% of NCI's total research project grants budget was allocated to energy balance research, compared to 2.1% in FY2004. The NCI more than doubled support for investigator-initiated research project grants (R01) and increased support for cooperative agreement (U01, U54) and exploratory research (R21) grants. In the portfolio, research examining energy balance areas in combination accounted for 41.6%, and observational and interventional studies were equally represented (38.3% and 37.2%, respectively). Breast cancer was the most commonly studied cancer. Inclusion of minorities rose, and funding specific to cancer survivors more than doubled. From FY2004 to FY2010, NCI's investment in energy balance and related health behavior research showed growth in funding and diversity of mechanisms, topics, and disciplines-growth that reflects new directions in this field.
|
['Biomedical Research', 'Energy Metabolism', 'Financing, Government', 'Health Behavior', 'Humans', 'National Cancer Institute (U.S.)', 'Neoplasms', 'Research Design', 'Research Support as Topic', 'United States']
| 23,498,109
|
[['H01.770.644.145'], ['G03.295'], ['N03.219.521.346'], ['F01.145.488'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['I01.409.418.750.600.650.496.150', 'N03.540.052.750.150', 'N03.540.348.500.500.600.650.496.150'], ['C04'], ['E05.581.500', 'H01.770.644.728'], ['N03.219.483.645'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]
|
['Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Incidence and pattern of liver involvement in haematological malignancies.
|
The incidence and pattern of liver involvement in 127 liver specimens (2 biopsy and 125 autopsy specimens) from cases of acute myelogenous leukaemia (25), chronic myelogenous leukaemia (7), acute lymphatic leukaemia (5), chronic lymphatic leukaemia (9), multiple myeloma (25), low-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (25), high-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (24) and myeloproliferative diseases (7) were investigated histologically and immunohistochemically. Liver infiltration was found frequently in chronic leukaemia and myeloproliferative diseases (80-100%), acute leukaemia (60-70%) and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (50-60%), but was significantly less common in multiple myeloma (32%) than in any of the other diagnostic groups. Hepatomegaly was found in over 50% of cases in all the diagnostic groups, but was not always associated with infiltration. Diffuse, non-destructive infiltration was most common: in acute myelogenous leukaemia, both the portal triads and sinusoids were usually involved; in chronic myelogenous leukaemia, multiple myeloma and myeloproliferative diseases, infiltration was mainly sinusoidal; and in lymphatic leukaemia and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma the portal triads were mainly involved. Nodular infiltration was seen in multiple myeloma and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. The primary tumours and liver infiltrates generally exhibited the same immunophenotype, although reactivity with the antibody L26 (CD20) was only found in the primary lesion in many high-grade B-cell lymphomas. Thus, liver involvement is common in haematological malignancies, but the incidence and pattern of infiltration vary amongst the different types.
|
['Antigens, Neoplasm', 'Hepatomegaly', 'Humans', 'Immunoenzyme Techniques', 'Immunophenotyping', 'Incidence', 'Leukemia', 'Leukemic Infiltration', 'Liver', 'Liver Neoplasms', 'Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin', 'Multiple Myeloma', 'Organ Size']
| 9,842,637
|
[['D23.050.285'], ['C06.552.416', 'C23.300.775.525'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.478.566.350', 'E05.478.583.400', 'E05.601.470.350'], ['E01.370.225.812.447', 'E05.200.812.447', 'E05.478.594.450'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.375', 'N01.224.935.597.500', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.375', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.375'], ['C04.557.337'], ['C04.697.645.500', 'C23.550.727.645.500'], ['A03.620'], ['C04.588.274.623', 'C06.301.623', 'C06.552.697'], ['C04.557.386.480', 'C15.604.515.569.480', 'C20.683.515.761.480'], ['C04.557.595.500', 'C14.907.454.460', 'C15.378.147.780.650', 'C15.378.463.515.460', 'C20.683.515.845', 'C20.683.780.650'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.660', 'E05.041.124.715', 'G07.100.100.660', 'G07.345.249.690']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Control of human and animal platelet aggregation by a new prostacyclin analog.
|
The in vitro effects of ZK 36 374, a new chemically stable prostacyclin (PGI2) analog, on platelet aggregation were studied and compared to those of PGI2. Significantly lower concentrations of ZK 36 374, versus prostacyclin, were required to inhibit collagen and epinephrine-induced aggregation in human platelet-rich plasma. In contrast, in rat and rabbit platelet rich plasma, PGI2 was more effective than ZK 36 374 in inhibiting the aggregation elicited by ADP and collagen. It is concluded that ZK 36 374 is a potent antiaggregatory compound and may be useful in the prevention of cardiovascular disorders.
|
['Adenosine Diphosphate', 'Animals', 'Cardiovascular Agents', 'Collagen', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Epinephrine', 'Epoprostenol', 'Humans', 'Iloprost', 'Male', 'Platelet Aggregation', 'Rabbits', 'Rats']
| 2,408,447
|
[['D03.633.100.759.646.138.124', 'D13.695.667.138.124', 'D13.695.827.068.124'], ['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.411'], ['D05.750.078.280', 'D12.776.860.300.250'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['D02.033.100.291.310', 'D02.092.063.291.310', 'D02.092.211.215.454', 'D02.092.311.461', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.175.461'], ['D10.251.355.255.550.550.500', 'D23.469.050.175.725.550.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D10.251.355.255.550.775.125', 'D23.469.050.175.725.775.125', 'D23.469.700.275'], ['G09.188.370.687', 'G09.188.390.600.640'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.968.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Neurophysiological Evaluation of a Customizable ìECoG-based Wireless Brain Implant.
|
The number of implantable bidirectional neural interfaces available for neuroscientific research applications is still limited, despite the rapidly increasing number of customized components. We previously reported on how to translate available components into "ready-to-use" wireless implantable systems utilizing components off-the-shelf (COTS). The aim of the present study was to verify the viability of a micro-electrocorticographic ($\mu $ECoG) device built by this approach. Functionality for both neural recording and stimulation was evaluated in an ovine animal model using acoustic stimuli and cortical electrical stimulation, respectively. We show that auditory evoked responses were reliably recorded in both time and frequency domain and present data that demonstrates the cortical electrical stimulation functionality. The successful recording of neuronal activity suggests that the device can compete with existing implantable systems as a neurotechnological research tool.
|
['Animals', 'Brain', 'Electrocorticography', 'Evoked Potentials, Auditory', 'Neurophysiology', 'Prostheses and Implants', 'Sheep']
| 30,441,019
|
[['B01.050'], ['A08.186.211'], ['E01.370.376.300.294', 'E01.370.405.245.431'], ['G07.265.216.500.370', 'G07.888.250', 'G11.561.200.500.370'], ['H01.158.610.268', 'H01.158.782.562'], ['E07.695'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.791']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Short-term phytohaemagglutinin-activated mononuclear cells induce endothelial progenitor cells from cord blood CD34+ cells.
|
Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) were recently demonstrated to exist in human cord blood. Phytohaemagglutinin (PHA), a potent mitogen for mononuclear cells was used to induce EPCs from unsorted cord blood mononuclear cells (CBMCs). Adherent cells in clusters appeared approximately 24 h after CBMCs were cultured in plain Roswell Park Memorial Institute media containing 10% fetal bovine serum (culture media) and PHA. Adherent cells were further propagated for 1 week in plain culture media. Flow cytometry and Di-I staining analyses showed that CD45-, CD34+, Flk-1+, CD31+ or VE-cadherin+ EPCs were induced and that they were mainly from the CD34+ cell compartment. When enriched CD34+ cells alone were stimulated with culture supernatant of the PHA-activated CBMCs, they neither proliferated readily nor induced EPCs. Because EPCs first appeared within the clustering cells that expressed high levels of fibronectin and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), our data suggest that both cell-cell/cell-matrix interaction and the local VEGF action are important in the induction of EPCs. Thus, we demonstrate for the first time that EPCs are induced from human cord blood stem cell populations that interact with neighbouring PHA-activated CBMCs. This finding may have a significant implication in inflammatory cell-mediated vasculogenesis and angiogenesis in vivo.
|
['Antigens, CD34', 'Cell Differentiation', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Endothelial Growth Factors', 'Endothelium, Vascular', 'Fetal Blood', 'Fibronectins', 'Humans', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Leukocytes, Mononuclear', 'Lymphokines', 'Mitogens', 'Phytohemagglutinins', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Stem Cells', 'Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A', 'Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors']
| 11,442,490
|
[['D23.050.301.264.035.134', 'D23.101.100.110.134'], ['G04.152'], ['A11.251'], ['D12.644.276.390', 'D12.776.467.390', 'D23.529.390'], ['A07.015.700.500', 'A10.272.491.355'], ['A12.207.152.200', 'A15.145.300', 'A16.378.200'], ['D12.776.377.715.390', 'D12.776.395.550.350', 'D12.776.543.550.350', 'D12.776.860.300.450'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['A11.118.637.555', 'A15.145.229.637.555', 'A15.382.490.555'], ['D12.644.276.374.480', 'D12.776.467.374.480', 'D23.529.374.480'], ['D27.505.519.593.624'], ['D12.776.395.560.825', 'D12.776.503.499.750', 'D12.776.765.678.750'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['E05.393.620.500.725'], ['A11.872'], ['D12.644.276.100.800.200', 'D12.776.467.100.800.200', 'D23.529.100.800.200'], ['D12.644.276.100.800', 'D12.776.467.100.800', 'D23.529.100.800']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Bioactive furanocoumarins from the stems and leaves of Clausena hainanensis.
|
A new furanocoumarin, clauhainanin A (1), together with seven known furanocoumarins (2-8), were isolated from the stems and leaves of Clausena hainanensis. The structure of 1 was elucidated by extensive spectroscopic methods and the known compounds were identified by comparisons with data reported in the literature. All known compounds (2-8) were isolated from C. hainanensis for the first time. All isolated compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxicities against five human cancer cell lines: HL-60, SMMC-7721, A-549, MCF-7 and SW480 in vitro. Compounds 1-8 exhibited significant inhibitory effects with IC50 values ranging from 1.36 to 18.96 ìM.
|
['Antineoplastic Agents', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Clausena', 'Furocoumarins', 'Humans', 'Molecular Structure', 'Plant Leaves', 'Plant Stems']
| 28,826,247
|
[['D27.505.954.248'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.875.216'], ['D03.383.663.283.446.794', 'D03.633.100.150.446.794', 'D03.633.300.770'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G02.111.570', 'G02.466'], ['A18.024.812'], ['A18.024.937']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Which strategy for molecular probe design? An answer from the integration of spectroscopy and QM modeling.
|
With this study we show that the maturity reached by quantum-mechanical (QM) modeling has allowed a new analytical approach to the design of molecular probes. In this approach, the strategy is to integrate suited computational tools with multi-spectroscopic measurements to identify specific signals for the characterization of the molecular probe with respect to the perturbation used and the environmental conditions applied. The application of the strategy to a typical optical probe (2-acetylanthracene) has allowed the identification of specific IR and NMR signals for the characterization of the conformational states in both solid and solution states. This analysis has been successively extended to the investigation of specific optical signals. In particular we have shown that the introduction of a substituent in specific positions of the aromatic structure induces a different perturbation in the different excited states of the precursor anthracene with consequent differentiations of the states with respect to their solvent sensitivity (both in terms of bulk and specific effects). Finally, the integration of simulated and experimental emission spectra has revealed a possible isomerization in the excited state with resulting change of the conformational state in the absorbing and the emitting species.
|
['Anthracenes', 'Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy', 'Molecular Probes', 'Quantum Theory', 'Spectrophotometry, Infrared', 'Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet']
| 20,532,298
|
[['D02.455.426.559.847.117', 'D04.615.117'], ['E05.196.867.519'], ['D27.505.259.750', 'D27.720.470.530'], ['H01.671.579.800'], ['E05.196.712.726.676', 'E05.196.867.826.676'], ['E05.196.712.726.802', 'E05.196.867.826.802']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Microsatellite genotyping of carnation varieties.
|
A set of 11 sequence-tagged microsatellite markers for carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus) was developed using a DNA library enriched for microsatellites. Supplemented with three markers derived from sequence database entries, these were used to genotype carnation varieties using a semi-automated fluorescence-based approach. In a set of 82 cultivars, the markers amplified 4-16 alleles each. The effective number of alleles varied from 1.9 to 6.0. For the eight best scorable markers, heterozygosity was between 0.51 and 0.99. The markers were able to distinguish all cultivars with a unique combination of alleles, except for sport mutants, which were readily grouped together with the original cultivar. In addition, one group of three and one group of six cultivars each had the same combination of 'allelic peaks'. The cluster of three varieties concerned original cultivars and their mutants. The cluster of six consisted of four mutants from the same cultivar and two other varieties.
|
['Base Sequence', 'DNA Primers', 'Dianthus', 'Genotype', 'Microsatellite Repeats']
| 12,748,769
|
[['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['D13.695.578.424.450.275', 'D27.720.470.530.600.223.600'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.198.500.250.222'], ['G05.380'], ['G02.111.570.080.708.800.500', 'G05.360.080.708.800.500', 'G05.360.340.024.850.500']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Palladium-catalyzed synthesis of 2-alkenyl-3-arylindoles via a dual á-arylation strategy: formal synthesis of the antilipemic drug fluvastatin.
|
A new approach has been developed for the synthesis of substituted 2-alkenyl-3-arylindoles. The strategy comprises palladium-catalyzed dual á-arylation of TES-enol ethers of enones as the key step. This methodology results in products with very good yields and the regioselectivity is exclusive. We have also successfully used this dual á-arylation methodology in the formal synthesis of the cholesterol-lowering drug fluvastatin.
|
['Catalysis', 'Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated', 'Fluvastatin', 'Hypolipidemic Agents', 'Indoles', 'Palladium', 'Stereoisomerism']
| 26,384,042
|
[['G02.130'], ['D10.251.355.325'], ['D03.633.100.473.305', 'D10.251.450.300'], ['D27.505.519.186.071', 'D27.505.954.557.500'], ['D03.633.100.473'], ['D01.268.556.680', 'D01.268.956.718', 'D01.552.544.680'], ['G02.607.445.682']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modelling to Inform Development of Intramuscular Long-Acting Nanoformulations for HIV.
|
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Antiretrovirals are currently used for the treatment and prevention of HIV infection. However, poor adherence and low tolerability of some existing oral formulations can hinder their efficacy. Long-acting (LA) injectable nanoformulations could help address these complications by simplifying antiretroviral administration. The aim of this study is to inform the optimisation of intramuscular LA formulations for eight antiretrovirals through physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modelling.METHODS: A whole-body PBPK model was constructed using mathematical descriptions of molecular, physiological and anatomical processes defining pharmacokinetics. These models were validated against available clinical data and subsequently used to predict the pharmacokinetics of injectable LA formulationsRESULTS: The predictions suggest that monthly intramuscular injections are possible for dolutegravir, efavirenz, emtricitabine, raltegravir, rilpivirine and tenofovir provided that technological challenges to control their release rate can be addressed.CONCLUSIONS: These data may help inform the target product profiles for LA antiretroviral reformulation strategies.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Algorithms', 'Anti-HIV Agents', 'Computer Simulation', 'Female', 'HIV Infections', 'Humans', 'Injections, Intramuscular', 'Intestinal Absorption', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Models, Biological', 'Nanomedicine', 'Nanostructures', 'Young Adult']
| 25,523,214
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['D27.505.954.122.388.077.088'], ['L01.224.160'], ['C01.221.250.875', 'C01.221.812.640.400', 'C01.778.640.400', 'C01.925.782.815.616.400', 'C01.925.813.400', 'C20.673.480'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.319.267.530.460'], ['G03.015.500.374.500', 'G03.787.024.500.374.500', 'G07.203.650.372.500', 'G07.690.725.015.500.374.500', 'G10.261.353.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.599.395'], ['H01.603.600', 'J01.897.120.050.625', 'J01.897.520.600.600'], ['J01.637.512'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
[All pedicle screws technique applied to the treatment of idiopathic scoliosis].
|
OBJECTIVE: To Analyze the therapeutic efficacy of all pedicle screws technique applied to the treatment of idiopathic scoliosis and evaluate its safety.METHODS: From June 2002 to October 2005, 56 patients with idiopathic scoliosis were treated with all pedicle screws technique, including 11 males and 45 females, ranging in age from 8 to 22 years. According to Lenke classification, 29 patients were Type 1, 6 patients were Type 2, 8 patients were Type 3, 2 patients were Type 4, 8 patients were Type 5, and 3 patients were Type 6. Cobb angles ranged from 45 degrees to 85 degrees (mean 62.45 degrees).RESULTS: The mean operation time was 3 hours and 20 minutes, and the average amount of bleeding was 600 ml. There were 425 pedicle screws inserted including 244 in thoracic, and 181 in lumbar, the positions of which were evaluated by CT. Nine screws were inserted with perforating through the medial wall of the pedicles. All the patients were followed up for 5 to 40 months (mean 22.5 months). The mean Cobb angle was corrected from 62 degrees preoperatively to 18 degrees postoperatively,and the average correction rate was 72.5%. No spinal nerves injury was found after operation, and superficial infection occurred in 2 patients but recovered after dressing change. All the patients got satisfactory spinal fusion and remained partly spinal mobility with fewer complications.CONCLUSION: The application of all pedicles screws technique with familar with pedicular anatomy of scoliosis by imaging examination could gain a satisfactory effect of correction with less complications.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Bone Screws', 'Child', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Internal Fixators', 'Male', 'Scoliosis', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed']
| 19,108,417
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['E07.695.370.437', 'E07.858.442.660.460.437', 'E07.858.690.725.460.437'], ['M01.060.406'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E07.695.370', 'E07.858.442.660.460', 'E07.858.690.725.460'], ['C05.116.900.800.875'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
[Entomologic fauna and its importance in the determination of the age of corpses].
|
The authors summarize results of research conducted in 1990-1992, the aim of which was to test the accuracy of practical application of forensic entomology in medical practice. Based on the results of laboratory breeding of necrophagic Diptera collected from corpses and based on time characteristics of subsequent stages, the authors assessed the assumed time of death. In all instances where there was the first generation of necrophagic species of Diptera in the first and second stage of succession the results were very accurate, in the remaining cases the data of death was estimated correctly but less accurately.
|
['Animals', 'Cadaver', 'Coleoptera', 'Diptera', 'Forensic Medicine', 'Humans', 'Time Factors']
| 8,322,075
|
[['B01.050'], ['C23.550.260.224'], ['B01.050.500.131.617.720.500.500.375'], ['B01.050.500.131.617.720.500.500.750'], ['H02.403.330', 'I01.198.780.937'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Diagnostic potential of puumala virus nucleocapsid protein expressed in Drosophila melanogaster cells.
|
Puumala virus (PUU) nucleocapsid protein (N) was expressed in insect cells by using the Drosophila Expression System (DES; Invitrogen BV, Groningen, The Netherlands). Stable transfectants were established by hygromycin B selection and showed continuous expression of the recombinant protein (DES-PUU-N) for at least 5 months. The antigenic property of DES-PUU-N was shown to be identical to that of native PUU N when examined with a panel of hantavirus-specific monoclonal antibodies. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) for detection of human immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgG antibodies were established by using DES-PUU-N as antigen and were compared to assays based on native N. The ELISAs were evaluated for patient diagnosis and seroepidemiological purposes with panels of sera collected from patients with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) and from healthy blood donors. Equally high sensitivities and specificities for detection of PUU-specific IgM in acute-phase HFRS patient sera were obtained by the ELISA based on DES-PUU-N and the assay based on the native antigen. For detection of PUU-specific IgG, the ELISA based on monoclonal antibody-captured DES-PUU-N antigen showed optimal sensitivity and specificity.
|
['Animals', 'Antibodies, Viral', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Drosophila melanogaster', 'Drug Stability', 'Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay', 'Hantavirus', 'Hantavirus Infections', 'Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome', 'Humans', 'Immunoglobulin G', 'Immunoglobulin M', 'Latvia', 'Nucleocapsid', 'Nucleocapsid Proteins', 'Recombinant Proteins', 'Serotyping', 'Sweden']
| 10,834,996
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.254', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.254', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.254'], ['A11.251'], ['B01.050.500.131.617.720.500.500.750.310.250.500'], ['E05.916.330'], ['E05.478.566.350.170', 'E05.478.566.380.360', 'E05.478.583.400.170', 'E05.601.470.350.170', 'E05.601.470.380.360'], ['B04.820.480.750.440'], ['C01.925.782.147.420'], ['C01.925.782.147.420.400', 'C01.925.782.417.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.619.393', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.619.393', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.619.393'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.619.574', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.619.574', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.619.574'], ['Z01.542.248.136.560'], ['A21.249.500'], ['D12.776.964.970.600'], ['D12.776.828'], ['E01.370.225.812.742', 'E01.370.225.875.150.125.890', 'E05.200.812.742', 'E05.200.875.150.125.890', 'E05.478.594.780'], ['Z01.542.816.500']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
|
Sleep apnea syndrome caused by acromegalia and the treatment with a reduction plasty of the tongue. Case report.
|
Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome was every likely caused by an enlarged tongue in a 60-year-old man with acromegalia. The diagnosis was confirmed by polygraphic sleep recordings and by roentgenologic examination. The patient was treated with a tongue-reduction plasty which gave him good subjective relief and better sleep. A whole night polygraphic sleep recording showed a couple of hours of normal sleep without apneas or arousals. The last part of the night was, however, still disturbed by several apneas with concomitant arousals.
|
['Acromegaly', 'Airway Obstruction', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Sleep Apnea Syndromes', 'Tongue']
| 7,099,578
|
[['C05.116.132.082', 'C10.228.140.617.738.250.100', 'C19.700.355.179'], ['C08.618.846.185'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C08.618.085.852', 'C10.886.425.800.750'], ['A03.556.500.885', 'A14.549.885']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Software-aided automatic laser optoporation and transfection of cells.
|
Optoporation, the permeabilization of a cell membrane by laser pulses, has emerged as a powerful non-invasive and highly efficient technique to induce transfection of cells. However, the usual tedious manual targeting of individual cells significantly limits the addressable cell number. To overcome this limitation, we present an experimental setup with custom-made software control, for computer-automated cell optoporation. The software evaluates the image contrast of cell contours, automatically designates cell locations for laser illumination, centres those locations in the laser focus, and executes the illumination. By software-controlled meandering of the sample stage, in principle all cells in a typical cell culture dish can be targeted without further user interaction. The automation allows for a significant increase in the number of treatable cells compared to a manual approach. For a laser illumination duration of 100 ms, 7-8 positions on different cells can be targeted every second inside the area of the microscope field of view. The experimental capabilities of the setup are illustrated in experiments with Chinese hamster ovary cells. Furthermore, the influence of laser power is discussed, with mention on post-treatment cell survival and optoporation-efficiency rates.
|
['Animals', 'Automation, Laboratory', 'CHO Cells', 'Cell Culture Techniques', 'Cell Line', 'Cell Membrane', 'Cricetulus', 'Lasers', 'Transfection']
| 26,053,047
|
[['B01.050'], ['E05.064', 'J01.897.104.416'], ['A11.251.210.200', 'A11.436.155'], ['E01.370.225.500.223', 'E05.200.500.265', 'E05.242.223', 'E05.481.500.249'], ['A11.251.210'], ['A11.284.149'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.075.250.250'], ['E07.632.490', 'E07.710.520'], ['E05.393.350.810', 'G05.728.860']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Analysis of animal weight gains in chronic toxicity studies.
|
The growth pattern of an animal or group of animals during a chronic toxicity study can be used in a a number of ways. Perhaps the most important uses are for prediction of future weights and as evidence of toxic effects. In this paper a model for animal weight gain is constructed and analyzed. Tests and interval estimates are constructed for comparison of growth patterns. It is shown that the asymptotic weight limit of a growth curve is a parameter with which meaningful inferences may be made. Finally, the model is applied to experimental data collected at the National Center for Toxicological Research.
|
['Animals', 'Benzidines', 'Body Weight', 'Female', 'Male', 'Mathematics', 'Mice', 'Models, Biological', 'Species Specificity', 'Time Factors', 'Toxicology']
| 7,230,278
|
[['B01.050'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.185.100'], ['C23.888.144', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120', 'E05.041.124.160.750', 'G07.100.100.160.120', 'G07.345.249.314.120'], ['H01.548'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['E05.599.395'], ['G16.824'], ['G01.910.857'], ['H01.158.891', 'H02.884']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Effectiveness of add-on l-methylfolate therapy in a complex psychiatric illness with MTHFR C677 T genetic polymorphism.
|
The 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene plays a central role in folate metabolism. Many studies have demonstrated an association between MTHFR C677 T variant with depression, schizophrenia and bipolar disorder as one of them being comorbid to other. This has justified the use of folate supplement in psychiatric disorders mainly depression but still not in various other comorbid complex psychiatric disorders. Here we have tried to show how the l-methylfolate in conjunction with the conventional psychotropic drugs can be useful in a state of such complex psychiatric phenomenon and comorbid diagnosis with genetic polymorphism of MTHFR C677 T mutation.
|
['Adult', 'Antidepressive Agents', 'Antipsychotic Agents', 'Aripiprazole', 'Bipolar Disorder', 'Depressive Disorder, Treatment-Resistant', 'Drug Therapy, Combination', 'Fluoxetine', 'Humans', 'Lithium Compounds', 'Male', 'Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (NADPH2)', 'Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder', 'Polymorphism, Genetic', 'Tetrahydrofolates', 'Vitamin B Complex']
| 27,520,898
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D27.505.954.427.700.122'], ['D27.505.696.277.950.040', 'D27.505.954.427.210.950.040', 'D27.505.954.427.700.872.331'], ['D03.383.606.170', 'D03.633.100.810.835.122'], ['F03.084.500'], ['F03.600.300.388'], ['E02.319.310'], ['D02.092.831.280'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D01.510'], ['D08.811.682.662.290', 'D12.776.331.775'], ['F03.080.600'], ['G05.365.795'], ['D03.633.100.733.631.400.800', 'D08.211.840'], ['D27.505.696.494.600.708']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
A new distal arthrogryposis syndrome characterized by plantar flexion contractures.
|
The distal arthrogryposis (DA) syndromes are a distinct group of disorders characterized by contractures of two or more different body areas. More than a decade ago, we revised the classification of DAs and distinguished several new syndromes. This revision has facilitated the identification of five genes (i.e., TNNI2, TNNT3, MYH3, MYH8, and TPM2) that encode components of the contractile apparatus of fast-twitch myofibers and cause DA syndromes. We now report on the phenotypic features of a novel DA disorder characterized primarily by plantar flexion contractures in a large five-generation Utah family. Contractures of hips, elbows, wrists, and fingers were much milder though they varied in severity among affected individuals. All affected individuals had normal neurological examinations; electromyography and creatinine kinase levels were normal on selected individuals. We have tentatively labeled this condition distal arthrogryposis type 10 (DA10).
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Arthrogryposis', 'Child, Preschool', 'Contracture', 'Female', 'Genes, Dominant', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Pedigree', 'Phenotype', 'Syndrome']
| 17,103,435
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C05.550.150', 'C05.651.102', 'C05.660.077', 'C16.131.621.077'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['C05.550.323', 'C05.651.197'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.240', 'G05.420.320'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.393.673'], ['G05.695'], ['C23.550.288.500']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Alcohol consumption shows a J-shaped association with lower urinary tract symptoms in the general screening population.
|
PURPOSE: Controversial and contradictory data on the association between alcohol consumption and lower urinary tract symptoms are currently available in the literature. In this study we determined the association between alcohol consumption and lower urinary tract symptoms, including voiding and storage symptoms, in a large general screening population.MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 30,196 men 30 years old or older participating in a comprehensive health evaluation at the Seoul National University Hospital Healthcare System Gangnam Center. Men with a history of prostate related medical problems such as prostate cancer, prostate surgery or prostatitis were excluded from study. Using the International Prostate Symptom Score, lower urinary tract symptoms were defined as a score of 8 or greater, indicating moderate to severe symptoms. We used logistic regression analysis to determine the association between alcohol consumption and lower urinary tract symptoms.RESULTS: After adjustment for eligible covariates, graphing of the association between alcohol consumption and the risk of moderate to severe lower urinary tract symptoms showed a J-shaped curve. Compared with nondrinkers, the odds ratios of moderate to severe lower urinary tract symptoms were 0.91 (95% CI 0.84-0.98) in men who drank 0 to 10 gm daily and 1.19 (95% CI 1.07-1.33) in those who drank 40 or more gm daily. This is a cross-sectional study with data from self-reported alcohol consumption and, therefore, the reported amounts of alcohol consumption might be underestimated.CONCLUSIONS: To the best of our knowledge this is the largest population based study to evaluate the relationship between alcohol consumption and moderate to severe lower urinary tract symptoms, including voiding and storage symptoms. In men alcohol consumption shows a J-shaped curve relationship with the risk of moderate to severe lower urinary tract symptoms.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Alcohol Drinking', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Humans', 'Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms', 'Male', 'Mass Screening', 'Middle Aged']
| 22,341,268
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['F01.145.317.269'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C23.888.942.343'], ['E01.370.500', 'E05.318.308.980.438.580', 'N02.421.726.233.443', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.580', 'N06.850.780.500'], ['M01.060.116.630']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Expanding the Utilization of the Osteocutaneous Radial Forearm Free Flap beyond Mandibular Reconstruction.
|
Background The osteocutaneous radial forearm free flap (OCRFFF) for mandibular reconstruction has been well described. Despite this flap's utility in the repair of such defects, the indications for the OCRFFF have continued to expand in recent years. The advantages of the OCRFFF allow for a high degree of versatility in the reconstruction of the various anatomical and aesthetic units of the head and neck. In this review, the authors aim to explore the successful utilization of the OCRFFF beyond the reconstruction of composite mandibular defects. Methods A retrospective chart review was performed. All subjects who underwent OCRFFF reconstruction at a tertiary academic center between January 2004 and December 2014 were identified. A total of six patients undergoing this procedure for indications other than composite mandibular defects of the head and neck were included. Results A total of six patients underwent OCRFFF reconstruction for correction of nonmandibular defects. Flap success was experienced in six of six cases (100%). Indications included midface maxillary reconstruction (N = 2), orbit reconstruction (N = 1), frontal sinus and forehead reconstruction (N = 2), and subglottic stenosis reconstruction (N = 1). There were no immediate perioperative complications. On long-term follow-up, one subject developed a nasocutaneous fistula following radiation and eventually required maxillary hardware removal. Conclusion As a result of its growing role and versatility, the OCRFFF should be incorporated as a multipurpose tool in the armamentarium of reconstructive microvascular surgeons in the repair of composite head and neck defects beyond the mandible.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Carcinoma, Squamous Cell', 'Female', 'Forearm', 'Free Tissue Flaps', 'Graft Survival', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Mandible', 'Mandibular Neoplasms', 'Mandibular Reconstruction', 'Middle Aged', 'Osteotomy', 'Radius', 'Reconstructive Surgical Procedures', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Tissue and Organ Harvesting', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Young Adult']
| 26,848,567
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C04.557.470.200.400', 'C04.557.470.700.400'], ['A01.378.800.585'], ['A10.850.710.500', 'E07.862.710.500'], ['G12.875.545.340'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A02.835.232.781.324.502.632', 'A14.521.632'], ['C04.588.149.721.450.583', 'C05.116.231.754.450.583', 'C05.500.499.583', 'C05.500.607.442', 'C07.320.515.583', 'C07.320.610.583'], ['E06.645.562.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E04.555.580'], ['A02.835.232.087.090.700'], ['E04.680'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E04.936.537'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Clinical profile and aetiology of optic neuritis in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia--5 years review.
|
Although few studies concerning optic neuritis (ON) in Asian countries have been reported, there is no report about ON in Malaysia particularly within the Malay population. We aimed to determine the clinical manifestation, visual outcome and aetiology of ON in Malays, and discussed the literature of ON studies in other Asian populations. This was a retrospective study involving 31 consecutive patients (41 eyes) with ON treated at Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia commencing from July 2005 till January 2010 with a period of follow-up ranging from 18-60 months. The clinical features, laboratory results, possible aetiology, and visual acuity after one year were analysed. Females were the predominant group. The age of the patients ranged between 3-55 years and peaked between 21-30 years old. 67.7% of the patients had unilateral involvement. Pain on ocular movement was observed in 31.7% of the affected eyes. 73.3% of 41 involved eyes showed visual acuity equal 6/60 or worse on presentation. Paracentral scotoma was the most common visual field defect noted. Optic disc papillitis proved more widespread compared to the retrobulbar type of ON. The aetiology was idiopathic in more than 50%, while the risk of multiple sclerosis was extremely low (3.2%) in our series. 66.0% demonstrating visual acuity improved to 6/12 or better at one year after the attack. 16.1% showed evidence of recurrence during follow-up. In conclusion, the clinical profile and aetiology of ON in Malay patients are comparable to other ON studies reported by other Asian countries.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Female', 'Hospitals, Teaching', 'Humans', 'Malaysia', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Optic Neuritis', 'Retrospective Studies']
| 22,822,635
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['N02.278.020.300', 'N02.278.421.639'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.252.145.487'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C10.292.700.550', 'C11.640.576'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Optoelectronic tuning of organoborylazadipyrromethenes via effective electronegativity at the metalloid center.
|
Organoborylazadipyrromethenes were synthesized from free base and fluoroborylazadipyrromethenes and characterized with regard to their structural and electronic properties. B-N bond lengths, along with photophysical and redox behavior, appear dependent on the effective electronegativity at the boron atom as tuned by its substituents, with stronger electronegativity correlating to a shorter B-N bond length, red-shifted absorbance, enhanced fluorescence lifetime and yield, and positively shifted redox potentials.
|
['Alkenes', 'Aza Compounds', 'Boron', 'Coordination Complexes', 'Crystallography, X-Ray', 'Electrochemistry', 'Light', 'Molecular Structure', 'Pyrroles']
| 24,533,769
|
[['D02.455.326.271'], ['D02.145'], ['D01.268.513.500'], ['D01.234', 'D02.257'], ['E05.196.309.742.225'], ['H01.181.529.307'], ['G01.358.500.505.650', 'G01.590.540', 'G01.750.250.650', 'G01.750.770.578'], ['G02.111.570', 'G02.466'], ['D03.383.129.578']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Hypoxia of the growing liver accelerates regeneration.
|
BACKGROUND: After portal vein ligation of 1 side of the liver, the other side regenerates at a slow rate. This slow growth may be accelerated to rapid growth by adding a transection between the 2 sides, i.e., performing portal vein ligation and parenchymal transection. We found that in patients undergoing portal vein ligation and parenchymal transection, portal vein hyperflow in the regenerating liver causes a significant reduction of arterial flow due to the hepatic arterial buffer response. We postulated that the reduction of arterial flow induces hypoxia in the regenerating liver and used a rat model to assess hypoxia and its impact on kinetic growth.METHODS: A rat model of rapid (portal vein ligation and parenchymal transection) and slow regeneration (portal vein ligation) was established. Portal vein flow and pressure data were collected. Liver regeneration was assessed in rats using computed tomography, proliferation with Ki-67, and hypoxia with pimonidazole and HIF-1á staining.RESULTS: The rat model confirmed acceleration of regeneration in portal vein ligation and parenchymal transection as well as the portal vein hyperflow seen in patients. Additionally, tissue hypoxia was observed after portal vein ligation and parenchymal transection, while little hypoxia staining was detected after portal vein ligation. To determine if hypoxia is a consequence or an inciting stimulus of rapid liver regeneration, we used a prolyl-hydroxylase blocker to activate hypoxia signaling pathways in the slow model. This clearly accelerated slow to rapid liver regeneration. Inversely, abrogation of hypoxia led to a blunting of rapid growth to slow growth. The topical application of prolyl-hydroxylase inhibitors on livers in rats induced spontaneous areas of regeneration.CONCLUSION: This study shows that pharmacologically induced hypoxic signaling accelerates liver regeneration similar to portal vein ligation and parenchymal transection. Hypoxia is likely an accelerator of liver regeneration. Also, prolyl-hydroxylase inhibitors may be used to enhance liver regeneration pharmaceutically.
|
['Animals', 'Cell Hypoxia', 'Hepatectomy', 'Ligation', 'Liver', 'Liver Regeneration', 'Male', 'Models, Animal', 'Portal Vein', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar']
| 27,436,690
|
[['B01.050'], ['G03.197.300', 'G04.270.300'], ['E04.210.556'], ['E04.426'], ['A03.620'], ['G10.261.475', 'G16.762.468'], ['E05.598'], ['A07.015.908.670.567'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Empirical likelihood method for non-ignorable missing data problems.
|
Missing response problem is ubiquitous in survey sampling, medical, social science and epidemiology studies. It is well known that non-ignorable missing is the most difficult missing data problem where the missing of a response depends on its own value. In statistical literature, unlike the ignorable missing data problem, not many papers on non-ignorable missing data are available except for the full parametric model based approach. In this paper we study a semiparametric model for non-ignorable missing data in which the missing probability is known up to some parameters, but the underlying distributions are not specified. By employing Owen (1988)'s empirical likelihood method we can obtain the constrained maximum empirical likelihood estimators of the parameters in the missing probability and the mean response which are shown to be asymptotically normal. Moreover the likelihood ratio statistic can be used to test whether the missing of the responses is non-ignorable or completely at random. The theoretical results are confirmed by a simulation study. As an illustration, the analysis of a real AIDS trial data shows that the missing of CD4 counts around two years are non-ignorable and the sample mean based on observed data only is biased.
|
['Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome', 'Biometry', 'CD4 Lymphocyte Count', 'Clinical Trials as Topic', 'Data Interpretation, Statistical', 'Humans', 'Likelihood Functions', 'Models, Statistical', 'Research Design']
| 27,647,436
|
[['C01.221.250.875.040', 'C01.221.812.640.400.040', 'C01.778.640.400.040', 'C01.925.782.815.616.400.040', 'C01.925.813.400.040', 'C01.925.839.040', 'C20.673.480.040'], ['E05.318.740.225', 'N06.850.505.200'], ['E01.370.225.500.195.107.595.500.150', 'E01.370.225.625.107.595.500.150', 'E05.200.500.195.107.595.500.150', 'E05.200.625.107.595.500.150', 'E05.242.195.107.595.500.150', 'G04.140.107.595.500.150', 'G09.188.105.595.500.150'], ['E05.318.372.250.250', 'N05.715.360.330.250.250', 'N06.850.520.450.250.250'], ['E05.245.380', 'E05.318.740.300', 'L01.313.500.750.190.380', 'N05.715.360.750.300', 'N06.850.520.830.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.740.500.475', 'E05.318.740.600.400', 'E05.599.835.500', 'N05.715.360.750.530.450', 'N05.715.360.750.625.450', 'N06.850.520.830.500.475', 'N06.850.520.830.600.400'], ['E05.318.740.500', 'E05.599.835', 'N05.715.360.750.530', 'N06.850.520.830.500'], ['E05.581.500', 'H01.770.644.728']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Lung cancer among Chinese females in Singapore 1968-1992: time trends, dialect group differences and implications for aetiology.
|
BACKGROUND: Chinese females are distinguished internationally as having relatively high lung cancer incidence rates despite a low prevalence of cigarette smoking. In Singapore, this population comprises several dialect groups which have origins in different regions in China, each with its own traditional cultural practices.METHODS: An analysis of 4029 incident cases of the disease notified to the Singapore Cancer Registry for 1968-1992 was undertaken to provide some insight into important aetiologic factors among these women.RESULTS: The age-standardized incidence rate of lung cancer rose from 17.3 per 100,000 woman-years in 1968-1972 to 23.0 in 1978-1982 before falling off in more recent years. Age-period-cohort analysis indicated significant period and birth cohort effects, with the risk being highest for women born around 1908. Between the major dialect groups, Cantonese women had a significantly high rate compared with Hokkiens (relative risk [RR] = 2.6, 95% CI: 2.4-2.8). Histologically, there appears to be an increase in the proportion of adenocarcinomas diagnosed over this period (25.8% in 1968-1972 to 51.3% in 1988-1992).CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that traditional practices which have decreased over the years, and are more prominent among Southern Chinese, may play a part in the aetiology of lung cancer locally.
|
['Adenocarcinoma', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Carcinoma, Small Cell', 'Carcinoma, Squamous Cell', 'China', 'Cohort Studies', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Incidence', 'Linguistics', 'Lung Neoplasms', 'Middle Aged', 'Registries', 'Singapore', 'Time Factors']
| 9,602,394
|
[['C04.557.470.200.025'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['C04.557.470.200.380'], ['C04.557.470.200.400', 'C04.557.470.700.400'], ['Z01.252.474.164'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.375', 'N01.224.935.597.500', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.375', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.375'], ['L01.559.598'], ['C04.588.894.797.520', 'C08.381.540', 'C08.785.520'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.308.970', 'N04.452.859.819', 'N05.715.360.300.715.700', 'N06.850.520.308.970'], ['Z01.252.145.774'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
[Challenge provocation tests and non-specific bronchial hyperactivity in occupational asthma].
|
The aim of the study is to determine the interest of realistic challenge (nasal and bronchial) in occupational respiratory symptoms appearing during work. 75 patients were included in the study. The protocol included prick tests, measuring total and specific IgE, spirometry and metacholine test to assess bronchial hyperreactivity (BHR), realistic challenge by rhinomanometry and plethysmography measuring NR (nasal resistance) and RWA (Airway resistance). The test was considered positive if the RWA and/or NR were increased by 100%. 68% of the tests were positives in rhinomanometry and/or plethysmography. There is an BHR in 68% cases of occupational asthma. There is a quite strong correlation between the positivity of the realistic tests and the existence of a non specific BHR.
|
['Asthma', 'Bronchial Provocation Tests', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Nasal Provocation Tests', 'Occupational Diseases']
| 2,487,325
|
[['C08.127.108', 'C08.381.495.108', 'C08.674.095', 'C20.543.480.680.095'], ['E01.370.386.700.125'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.386.550'], ['C24']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Bioavailability of trace metals and rare earth elements (REE) from the tropical soils of a coal mining area.
|
In order to assess the environmental risks related to mining activities in Southern Brazil, the transfer of trace metals and rare earth elements (REE) from soils to soybeans was evaluated in a U-rich area associated with coal mining. In some samples, As, Ba, Co, Cu and Ni were higher than the guidelines proposed by the Brazilian environmental agency. Soil, coal, ash, tailings and soybean were systematically sampled so that the chemical fractionation/speciation of the elements could be related to their bioavailability. In addition to total concentrations quantified by ICP-MS after microwave digestion, elemental measurements were made following different evaluations of the bioavailable metal, including chemical extractions (10 mM Ca(NO3)2 and 3-step sequential extraction), diffusive gradient in thin films technique (DGT) and chemical modeling (WHAM-free ion). Lower pH and higher clay and organic matter content were reflected by higher metal assimilation by the plants, especially by the roots and leaves. The bioaccumulation factor (BF) was generally higher for the leaves (e.g. Cu, Mn, Sr, Zn, Ba, REE with exception of Tm and Yb) and roots (e.g. Cd, Th and U). The results revealed that for Ba, Cd, Sr, Pb, U and most of the REE, the free ion concentration was strongly correlated with the metal content in the plants, especially for the grains. Values obtained by DGT were also correlated with the bioavailable portion of Ba, Mn, Sr, Zn, Pb, U and REE. Measurements obtained from Ca extractions correlated well with the bioavailable metals for Ba, Cd, Sr, Rb, Pb and Th. The free or extractable metal fractions gave much better correlations of the bioavailable fractions than did the total metal concentrations from the soils, especially for the REE. The paper validates some simplified means of estimating the risks associated with metals and REE in tropical soils affected by mining activities.
|
['Biological Availability', 'Brazil', 'Coal Mining', 'Environmental Monitoring', 'Metals', 'Mining', 'Soil', 'Soil Pollutants', 'Trace Elements']
| 31,836,238
|
[['G03.787.151', 'G07.690.725.129'], ['Z01.107.757.176'], ['J01.576.655.875.500.500'], ['N06.850.460.350.080', 'N06.850.780.375'], ['D01.552'], ['J01.576.655.875.500'], ['D20.721', 'G01.311.820', 'G16.500.275.815', 'N06.230.600'], ['D27.888.284.756'], ['D01.268.811', 'D27.505.696.494.555', 'G07.203.300.681.500.555', 'J02.500.681.500.555']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Chemotherapy followed by anti-CD137 mAb immunotherapy improves disease control in a mouse myeloma model.
|
Immunotherapy holds promise for multiple myeloma (MM) patients but little is known about how MM-induced immunosuppression influences response to therapy. Here, we investigated the impact of disease progression on immunotherapy efficacy in the Vk*MYC mouse model. Treatment with agonistic anti-CD137 (4-1BB) mAbs efficiently protected mice when administered early but failed to contain MM growth when delayed more than three weeks after Vk*MYC tumor cell challenge. The quality of CD8+ T cell response to CD137 stimulation was not altered by the presence of MM, but CD8+ T cell numbers were profoundly reduced at the time of treatment. Our data suggest that an insufficient ratio of CD8+ T cells over MM cells (CD8/MM) accounts for the loss of anti-CD137 mAb efficacy. We established serum M-protein levels prior to therapy as a predictive factor of response. Moreover, we developed an in silico model to capture the dynamic interactions between CD8+ T cells and MM cells. Finally, we explored two methods to improve the CD8/MM ratio: anti-CD137 mAb immunotherapy combined with Treg-depletion or administered after chemotherapy treatment with cyclophosphamide or melphalan efficiently reduced MM burden and prolonged survival. Altogether, our data indicate that consolidation treatment with anti-CD137 mAbs might prevent MM relapse.
|
['4-1BB Ligand', 'Animals', 'Antibodies, Monoclonal', 'Antigens, Neoplasm', 'Antineoplastic Agents', 'CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Immunologic Factors', 'Immunotherapy', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Mice, Knockout', 'Multiple Myeloma', 'T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory']
| 31,194,697
|
[['D12.644.276.374.750.065', 'D12.776.395.192', 'D12.776.467.374.750.065', 'D12.776.543.550.194', 'D23.529.374.750.065'], ['B01.050'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224'], ['D23.050.285'], ['D27.505.954.248'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.569.220', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.220', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.220'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['D27.505.696.477'], ['E02.095.465.425'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['B01.050.050.136.500.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.455', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800.500'], ['C04.557.595.500', 'C14.907.454.460', 'C15.378.147.780.650', 'C15.378.463.515.460', 'C20.683.515.845', 'C20.683.780.650'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.550.500.700', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.200.700', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.500.700', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.550.500.700', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.200.700', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.500.700', 'A15.382.490.555.567.550.500.700', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.200.700', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.500.700']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The assessment of pain sensation during local anesthesia using a computerized local anesthesia (Wand) and a conventional syringe.
|
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare the behavior reaction of children who received local anesthesia with a conventional syringe injection and a computerized device (Wand).METHODS: One hundred and two children ages 3 to 10 years were selected for this study. In 1 group there were 55 children between the ages of 3 to 5 years old, and in the other group there were 47 children ages 6 to 10 years old. They all needed at least 2 clinical sessions of operative procedures, preceded by a local anesthetic injection, 1 on either side of the same jaw. The local anesthesia was delivered using either the Wand or the traditional syringe. A random crossover design was used so that each child served as his/her own control.RESULTS: There were 25 girls and 30 boys in group A (mean 4.1 +/- 0.6 years), and 26 boys and 21 girls in group B (mean 7.2 +/- 1.3 years). Most of the children had a good reaction to both techniques of local anesthesia. No significant difference in either group was found between boys and girls. The children's reactions to injection in the mandible or the maxilla with the Wand or the conventional technique, regarding crying, facial expression, hands, legs and torso movements were similar with no statistically significant difference. There was no statistical difference when the maxillary infiltration was delivered to 1 or multiple teeth. No significant difference was found when the Wand was delivered during the first or second visit.CONCLUSIONS: The results suggested there was no difference in the pain behavior of children during the administration of local anesthesia with a conventional injection or a computerized device when the operator was an experienced pediatric dentist. This was true for maxillary infiltration and mandibular block. For other techniques, such as palatal injection and periodontal ligament injection, more studies should be conducted.
|
['Anesthesia, Dental', 'Anesthesia, Local', 'Anesthetics, Local', 'Child', 'Child Behavior', 'Child, Preschool', 'Cross-Over Studies', 'Crying', 'Equipment Design', 'Facial Expression', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Injections', 'Male', 'Movement', 'Nerve Block', 'Pain', 'Pain Measurement', 'Syringes']
| 14,528,773
|
[['E03.155.141', 'E06.045'], ['E03.155.086.231'], ['D27.505.696.277.100.200', 'D27.505.696.663.850.025', 'D27.505.954.427.210.100.200'], ['M01.060.406'], ['F01.145.179'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['E05.318.370.150', 'N05.715.360.325.150', 'N06.850.520.445.150'], ['F01.145.209.530.258', 'F01.525.200.310.300'], ['E05.320'], ['E01.370.600.225', 'F01.145.209.530.385'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.319.267.530'], ['G07.568', 'G11.427.410'], ['E03.155.086.711', 'E04.525.210.550'], ['C23.888.592.612', 'F02.830.816.444', 'G11.561.790.444'], ['E01.370.600.550.324'], ['E07.877']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Socioeconomic and regional differences in active transportation in Brazil.
|
OBJECTIVE: To present national estimates regarding walking or cycling for commuting in Brazil and in 10 metropolitan regions.METHODS: By using data from the Health section of 2008's Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domic?lio (Brazil's National Household Sample Survey), we estimated how often employed people walk or cycle to work, disaggregating our results by sex, age range, education level, household monthly income per capita, urban or rural address, metropolitan regions, and macro-regions in Brazil. Furthermore, we estimated the distribution of this same frequency according to quintiles of household monthly income per capita in each metropolitan region of the country.RESULTS: A third of the employed men and women walk or cycle from home to work in Brazil. For both sexes, this share decreases as income and education levels rise, and it is higher among younger individuals, especially among those living in rural areas and in the Northeast region of the country. Depending on the metropolitan region, the practice of active transportation is two to five times more frequent among low-income individuals than among high-income individuals.CONCLUSIONS: Walking or cycling to work in Brazil is most frequent among low-income individuals and the ones living in less economically developed areas. Active transportation evaluation in Brazil provides important information for public health and urban mobility policy-making.OBJETIVO: Apresentar estimativas nacionais sobre o deslocamento a p? ou de bicicleta no trajeto casa-trabalho no Brasil e em 10 de suas regi?es metropolitanas.M?TODOS: Utilizando dados do Suplemento sobre Sa?de da Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domic?lios de 2008, estimamos a frequ?ncia de pessoas empregadas que se deslocam a p? ou de bicicleta no trajeto casa-trabalho estratificada por sexo, e segundo faixa et?ria, escolaridade, renda domiciliar per capita, resid?ncia em ?rea urbana ou rural, regi?es metropolitanas e macrorregi?es do pa?s. Adicionalmente, estimamos a distribui??o da mesma frequ?ncia segundo quintos da distribui??o da renda domiciliar per capita em cada regi?o metropolitana.RESULTADOS: Um ter?o dos homens e mulheres empregados desloca-se a p? ou de bicicleta de casa para o trabalho no Brasil. Em ambos os sexos, esta propor??o diminui com o aumento da renda e da escolaridade e ? maior entre os mais jovens, entre os que residem em ?rea rural e naqueles residentes na regi?o Nordeste. A depender da regi?o metropolitana, a pr?tica de deslocamento ativo entre os mais pobres ? de duas a cinco vezes maior do que entre os mais ricos.CONCLUS?ES: O deslocamento a p? ou de bicicleta para o trabalho no Brasil ? mais frequente entre os mais pobres e entre pessoas que vivem em ?reas e regi?es economicamente menos desenvolvidas. A avalia??o do deslocamento ativo no Pa?s traz informa??es importantes para a discuss?o de pol?ticas p?blicas de mobilidade.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Bicycling', 'Brazil', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Rural Population', 'Sex Factors', 'Socioeconomic Factors', 'Transportation', 'Urban Population', 'Walking', 'Young Adult']
| 27,355,465
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['I03.450.642.845.140'], ['Z01.107.757.176'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['N01.600.725'], ['N05.715.350.675', 'N06.850.490.875'], ['I01.880.853.996', 'N01.824'], ['J01.937'], ['N01.600.900'], ['G11.427.410.568.900', 'G11.427.410.698.277.937', 'I03.350.937', 'I03.450.642.845.940'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Combination angiostatin and endostatin gene transfer induces synergistic antiangiogenic activity in vitro and antitumor efficacy in leukemia and solid tumors in mice.
|
Angiostatin and endostatin are potent endothelial cell growth inhibitors that have been shown to inhibit angiogenesis in vivo and tumor growth in mice. However, tumor shrinkage requires chronic delivery of large doses of these proteins. Here we report synergistic antitumor activity and survival of animals when these factors are delivered in combination to tumors by retroviral gene transfer. We have demonstrated this efficacy in both murine leukemia and melanoma models. Complete loss of tumorigenicity was seen in 40% of the animals receiving tumors transduced by the combination of angiostatin and endostatin in the leukemia model. The synergy was also demonstrated in vitro on human umbilical vein endothelial cell differentiation and this antiangiogenic activity may suggest a mechanism for the antitumor activity in vivo. These findings imply separate pathways by which angiostatin and endostatin mediate their antiangiogenic effects. Together, these data suggest that a combination of antiangiogenic factors delivered by retroviral gene transfer may produce synergistic antitumor effects in both leukemia and solid tumors, thus avoiding long-term administration of recombinant proteins. The data also suggest that novel combinations of antiangiogenic factors delivered into tumors require further investigation as therapeutic modalities.
|
['Angiogenesis Inhibitors', 'Angiostatins', 'Animals', 'Antineoplastic Agents', 'Blotting, Western', 'Cell Division', 'Cell Separation', 'Cell Survival', 'Collagen', 'Down-Regulation', 'Drug Combinations', 'Endostatins', 'Female', 'Flow Cytometry', 'Gene Transfer Techniques', 'Genetic Therapy', 'Genetic Vectors', 'Green Fluorescent Proteins', 'Humans', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Laminin', 'Leukemia', 'Luminescent Proteins', 'Melanoma', 'Melanoma, Experimental', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Mice, Nude', 'Models, Genetic', 'Moloney murine leukemia virus', 'Neovascularization, Pathologic', 'Peptide Fragments', 'Plasminogen', 'Precipitin Tests', 'Proteoglycans', 'Retroviridae', 'Time Factors', 'Transduction, Genetic', 'Transfection']
| 11,237,675
|
[['D27.505.696.377.077.099', 'D27.505.696.377.450.100', 'D27.505.954.248.025'], ['D08.622.610.500', 'D12.644.276.100.450.500', 'D12.776.124.790.223.580.500', 'D12.776.377.715.182.580.500', 'D12.776.467.100.450.500', 'D12.776.811.243.610.500', 'D23.529.100.450.500'], ['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.248'], ['E05.196.401.143', 'E05.301.300.096', 'E05.478.566.320.200', 'E05.601.262', 'E05.601.470.320.200'], ['G04.144.220', 'G04.161.750.500', 'G05.113', 'G07.345.249.410.750.500'], ['E01.370.225.500.363', 'E05.200.500.363', 'E05.242.363'], ['G04.346'], ['D05.750.078.280', 'D12.776.860.300.250'], ['G02.111.240', 'G05.308.200', 'G07.690.773.937'], ['D26.310'], ['D12.644.276.100.450.750', 'D12.776.467.100.450.750', 'D12.776.860.300.250.400.537.500', 'D23.529.100.450.750'], ['E01.370.225.500.363.342', 'E01.370.225.500.386.350', 'E05.196.712.516.600.240.350', 'E05.200.500.363.342', 'E05.200.500.386.350', 'E05.242.363.342', 'E05.242.386.350'], ['E05.393.350'], ['E02.095.301', 'E05.393.420.301'], ['G05.360.337'], ['D12.776.532.265'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['D12.776.395.550.530', 'D12.776.543.550.500', 'D12.776.860.300.675'], ['C04.557.337'], ['D12.776.532'], ['C04.557.465.625.650.510', 'C04.557.580.625.650.510', 'C04.557.665.510'], ['C04.557.465.625.650.510.525', 'C04.557.580.625.650.510.525', 'C04.557.665.510.525', 'C04.619.600', 'E05.598.500.496.937'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.500'], ['E05.599.395.397'], ['B04.613.807.375.525.596', 'B04.820.650.375.525.596'], ['C23.550.589.500'], ['D12.644.541'], ['D08.622.610', 'D12.776.124.790.223.580', 'D12.776.377.715.182.580', 'D12.776.811.243.610'], ['E01.370.225.812.735.645', 'E05.196.150.639.500', 'E05.200.812.735.645', 'E05.478.594.760.645', 'E05.478.605.492'], ['D09.698.735', 'D12.776.395.650'], ['B04.613.807', 'B04.820.650'], ['G01.910.857'], ['E05.393.350.800', 'G05.728.850'], ['E05.393.350.810', 'G05.728.860']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
A new family of genes coding for an antigen recognized by autologous cytolytic T lymphocytes on a human melanoma.
|
Human melanoma MZ2-MEL expresses several distinct antigens that are recognized by autologous cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTL). Some of these antigens are encoded by genes MAGE-1, MAGE-3, and BAGE, which are expressed in a large fraction of tumors of various histological types but are silent in normal adult tissues with the exception of testis. We report here the identification of the gene coding for MZ2-F, another antigen recognized by autologous CTL on MZ2-MEL cells. This gene, which was named GAGE-1, is not related to any presently known gene. It belongs to a family of genes that are expressed in a variety of tumors but not in normal tissues, except for the testis. Antigenic peptide YRPRPRRY, which is encoded by GAGE-1, is recognized by anti-MZ2-F CTL on class I molecule HLA-Cw6. The two genes of the GAGE family that code for this peptide, namely GAGE-1 and GAGE-2, are expressed in a significant proportion of melanomas (24%), sarcomas (25%), non-small cell lung cancers (19%), head and neck tumors (19%), and bladder tumors (12%). About 50% of melanoma patients carry on their tumor at least one of the presently defined antigens encoded by the MAGE, BAGE, and GAGE genes.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Animals', 'Antigens, Neoplasm', 'Base Sequence', 'Cell Line, Transformed', 'Chlorocebus aethiops', 'DNA, Complementary', 'DNA, Neoplasm', 'Epitopes', 'Fetus', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic', 'HLA-C Antigens', 'HeLa Cells', 'Humans', 'Melanoma', 'Melanoma-Specific Antigens', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Multigene Family', 'Neoplasm Proteins', 'Neoplasms', 'Organ Specificity', 'Peptide Fragments', 'RNA, Messenger', 'RNA, Neoplasm', 'Sequence Alignment', 'Sequence Homology', 'T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic', 'Transfection', 'Tumor Cells, Cultured']
| 7,544,395
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['B01.050'], ['D23.050.285'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['A11.251.210.172'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.199.120.126.110'], ['D13.444.308.497.220', 'D13.444.600.223.500', 'D27.720.470.530.600.223.260'], ['D13.444.308.425'], ['D23.050.550'], ['A16.378'], ['G05.308.370'], ['D12.776.395.550.489.600', 'D12.776.543.550.439.600', 'D23.050.301.500.100.600', 'D23.050.301.500.450.390', 'D23.050.705.552.100.600', 'D23.050.705.552.450.390'], ['A11.251.210.190.400', 'A11.251.860.180.400', 'A11.436.340'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.557.465.625.650.510', 'C04.557.580.625.650.510', 'C04.557.665.510'], ['D12.776.624.301', 'D23.050.285.439'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.645'], ['D12.776.624'], ['C04'], ['G07.650'], ['D12.644.541'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['D13.444.735.615'], ['E05.393.751'], ['G02.111.810', 'G05.810'], ['A11.118.637.555.283.875', 'A11.118.637.555.567.550.500.200', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.220.200', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.500.200', 'A15.145.229.637.555.283.875', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.550.500.200', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.220.200', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.500.200', 'A15.382.490.555.283.875', 'A15.382.490.555.567.550.500.200', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.220.200', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.500.200'], ['E05.393.350.810', 'G05.728.860'], ['A11.251.860']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Risk factors for optic disc hemorrhage in the low-pressure glaucoma treatment study.
|
PURPOSE: To investigate risk factors for disc hemorrhage detection in the Low-Pressure Glaucoma Treatment Study.DESIGN: Cohort of a randomized, double-masked, multicenter clinical trial.METHODS: Low-Pressure Glaucoma Treatment Study patients with at least 16 months of follow-up were included. Exclusion criteria included untreated intraocular pressure (IOP) of more than 21 mm Hg, visual field mean deviation worse than -16 dB, or contraindications to study medications. Patients were randomized to topical treatment with timolol 0.5% or brimonidine 0.2%. Stereophotographs were reviewed independently by 2 masked graders searching for disc hemorrhages. The main outcomes investigated were the detection of disc hemorrhage at any time during follow-up and their recurrence. Ocular and systemic risk factors for disc hemorrhage detection were analyzed using the Cox proportional hazards model and were tested further for independence in a multivariate model.RESULTS: Two hundred fifty-three eyes of 127 subjects (mean age, 64.7 ± 10.9 years; women, 58%; European ancestry, 71%) followed up for an average ± standard deviation of 40.6 ± 12 months were included. In the multivariate analysis, history of migraine (hazard ratio [HR], 5.737; P = .012), narrower neuroretinal rim width at baseline (HR, 2.91; P = .048), use of systemic â-blockers (HR, 5.585; P = .036), low mean systolic blood pressure (HR, 1.06; P = .02), and low mean arterial ocular perfusion pressure during follow-up (HR, 1.172; P = .007) were significant and independent risk factors for disc hemorrhage detection. Treatment randomization was not associated with either the occurrence or recurrence of disc hemorrhages.CONCLUSIONS: In this cohort of Low-Pressure Glaucoma Treatment Study patients, migraine, baseline narrower neuroretinal rim width, low systolic blood pressure and mean arterial ocular perfusion pressure, and use of systemic â-blockers were risk factors for disc hemorrhage detection. Randomization assignment did not influence the frequency of disc hemorrhage detection.
|
['Antihypertensive Agents', 'Blood Pressure', 'Brimonidine Tartrate', 'Double-Blind Method', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Intraocular Pressure', 'Low Tension Glaucoma', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Optic Disk', 'Proportional Hazards Models', 'Quinoxalines', 'Retinal Hemorrhage', 'Risk Factors', 'Timolol']
| 24,513,094
|
[['D27.505.954.411.162'], ['E01.370.600.875.249', 'G09.330.380.076'], ['D03.633.100.857.070'], ['E05.318.370.300', 'E05.581.500.300', 'N05.715.360.325.320', 'N06.850.520.445.300'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G14.440'], ['C11.525.381.703', 'C11.640.225'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['A08.800.800.120.680.660', 'A09.371.729.690'], ['E05.318.740.500.700', 'E05.318.740.600.700', 'E05.318.740.750.725', 'E05.318.740.998.825', 'E05.599.835.900', 'N05.715.360.750.530.650', 'N05.715.360.750.625.650', 'N05.715.360.750.695.650', 'N05.715.360.750.795.825', 'N06.850.520.830.500.700', 'N06.850.520.830.600.700', 'N06.850.520.830.750.725', 'N06.850.520.830.998.912'], ['D03.633.100.857'], ['C11.290.807', 'C11.768.710', 'C23.550.414.756.775'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['D02.033.100.624.915', 'D02.033.755.624.915', 'D02.092.063.624.915', 'D02.886.675.867.768', 'D03.383.129.708.867.768', 'D03.383.533.640.775']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Direct cost assessments in subjects with seasonal allergic rhinitis living in Ankara, Turkey.
|
The characteristics of seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR) including the severity at initial presentation and cost estimates are not established for Turkey. The aim of this study was to document the clinical features and direct cost of subjects with SAR when diagnosed and followed according to international treatment guidelines and to determine the effectiveness of treatment in relation to the regional pollen count in our country. The clinical features of SAR were determined cross-sectionally in 175 patients living in Ankara, Turkey. The direct medical cost analysis obtained by a symptom-medication score method was performed prospectively in a subgroup of patients evaluated at the beginning of the pollen season (n = 37). Airborne Gramineae pollen grains were counted also in the same period. SAR was mild in 12.6% of cases, moderate in 51.4% of cases, and severe in 36% of cases. Regional pollen counts were correlated with the number of patient visits and the initial severity of SAR. Mean cost of SAR per person without a comorbid disorder during a Gramineae pollen season for Ankara was 79.0 +/- 3.3 dollars, where it reached a mean of 138.60 +/- 0.5 dollars in the presence of asthma and/or conjunctivitis. No difference was observed among disease severity groups by means of total direct cost (p > 0.05). Regional pollen counts influence the initial severity of SAR in our country. Appropriate treatment seemed to induce effective symptom control. Hence, education of both public and primary care physicians about the international guidelines might provide better cost-effective management of SAR.
|
['Adult', 'Direct Service Costs', 'Drug Costs', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Poaceae', 'Pollen', 'Prospective Studies', 'Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal', 'Severity of Illness Index', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Turkey']
| 15,176,495
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['N03.219.151.400.325', 'N05.300.375.250'], ['N03.219.151.400.350', 'N05.300.375.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.822'], ['A18.024.249.500.249.500'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['C08.460.799.315.750', 'C08.674.453.750', 'C09.603.799.315.750', 'C20.543.480.680.443.750'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475.456.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.364.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.364.500'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['Z01.252.245.500.850']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Supporting students undertaking the Specialist Practitioner Qualification in District Nursing.
|
The ever-evolving role of the Specialist Practitioner Qualified District Nurse (SPQDN) presents an increasing number of challenges for Practice Teachers and mentors in preparing SPQDN students for the elevated level clinical and transformational leadership necessary to ensure high-quality patient care. The daily challenges of clinical practice within the community nursing setting in addition to undertaking educational interventions in the clinical arena demand that a structured approach to supervision and mentorship is crucial. Employing learning plans to assess individual students learning needs, prepare plans for educational developments and interventions and evaluate a student's progress can be a helpful tool in aiding the learning journey for both the SPQDN student and Practice Teacher or mentor. This article examines how and why a structured learning plan may be used in supporting learning and competency in achieving the necessary level of practice to meet the requirements of the SPQDN.
|
['Certification', 'Community Health Nursing', 'Education, Nursing, Baccalaureate', 'Humans', 'Mentors', 'State Medicine', 'Students, Nursing', 'United Kingdom']
| 29,091,505
|
[['N03.706.110.120', 'N05.700.200.190'], ['H02.478.676.150', 'N02.421.143.150'], ['I02.358.462.316'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.395'], ['N03.349.550.902', 'N03.858'], ['M01.848.769.685'], ['Z01.542.363']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Selective Progesterone Receptor Modulators for the Treatment of Uterine Leiomyomas.
|
Uterine leiomyomas have drawn much attention since being described more than 200 years ago. These common benign uterine tumors often present with prolonged menstrual bleeding, pelvic pressure, and reproductive disorders and pose a true financial burden on health care systems all over the world. Over the past few decades, surgical treatment of uterine leiomyomas has received most of the focus compared with other treatment options. Choosing the appropriate surgical technique depends on many factors such as uterine leiomyoma location, patient's age, interest in future fertility, concomitant comorbidities, and the patient's preference. Pharmacologic treatments such as gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists and antagonists have been used for the treatment of symptomatic uterine leiomyomas with only partial success. Myriad side effects and limited clinical results have rendered them less popular and have exposed a true need for new effective medical treatments. Recently, treatment with selective progesterone receptor modulators has shown promising results with shrinkage of uterine leiomyomas and a prolonged clinical effect. Selective progesterone receptor modulators provide hope for women with this challenging condition and are a promising new option in the armamentarium of medical treatments for uterine leiomyomas.
|
['Female', 'Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone', 'Humans', 'Leiomyoma', 'Norpregnadienes', 'Receptors, Progesterone', 'Uterine Neoplasms']
| 28,697,115
|
[['D06.472.699.327.740.320', 'D12.644.400.400.740.320', 'D12.644.456.460', 'D12.644.548.365.740.320', 'D12.776.631.650.405.740.320'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.557.450.590.450'], ['D04.210.500.668.651.443'], ['D12.776.826.750.765'], ['C04.588.945.418.948', 'C13.351.500.852.762', 'C13.351.937.418.875']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Absolute activity quantitation in simultaneous 123I/99mTc brain SPECT.
|
UNLABELLED: Dual-isotope imaging can allow simultaneous assessment of brain perfusion using a 99mTc-labeled tracer and neurotransmission using an 123I-labeled tracer. However, the images are affected by scatter, cross talk, attenuation, distance-dependent collimator response (DCR), and partial-volume effect. We determined the accuracy and precision of activity quantitation in simulated normal and pathologic studies of simultaneous 123I/99mTc brain SPECT when compensating for all degrading phenomena.METHODS: Monte Carlo simulations were performed using the Zubal brain phantom. Contamination caused by high-energy 123I decay photons was incorporated. Twenty-four 99mTc and 123I activity distributions were simulated on the basis of normal and pathologic patient activity distributions. Cross talk and scatter were corrected using a new method based on a multilayer perceptron artificial neural network (ANN), as well as by the asymmetric window (AW) approach; for comparison, unscattered (U) photons of 99mTc and 123I were recorded. Nonuniform attenuation and DCR were modeled in an iterative ordered-subset expectation maximization (OSEM) algorithm. Mean percentage biases and SDs over the 12 normal and 12 pathologic simulated studies were computed for each structure with respect to the known activity distributions.RESULTS: For 123I, AW + OSEM yielded a bias of 7% in the cerebellum, 21% in the frontal cortex, and 36% in the corpus callosum in the simulated normal population. The bias was increased significantly in the striata of simulated pathologic studies (P < 0.05). The bias associated with ANN was significantly lower (<9% in these brain structures, P < 0.05). For 99mTc with AW + OSEM, the bias was 60% in the corpus callosum, 36% in the striata, and 18%-22% in the cortical lobes in the simulated normal population. This bias was <11% in all brain structures with ANN. In the simulated pathologic population, the bias associated with AW increased significantly in the cortical lobes to 55% (P < 0.05), although it did not change significantly with ANN.CONCLUSION: The accuracy and variability over simulated normal and pathologic studies of both 99mTc and 123I activity estimates were very close with ANN to those obtained with U + OSEM. ANN + OSEM is a promising approach for absolute activity quantitation in simultaneous 99mTc/123I SPECT.
|
['Alzheimer Disease', 'Benzamides', 'Brain', 'Cerebellum', 'Cerebral Cortex', 'Cerebrovascular Circulation', 'Corpus Callosum', 'Humans', 'Iodine Radioisotopes', 'Monte Carlo Method', 'Neural Networks, Computer', 'Parkinson Disease', 'Phantoms, Imaging', 'Putamen', 'Pyrrolidines', 'Radiopharmaceuticals', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Technetium Tc 99m Exametazime', 'Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon']
| 11,216,530
|
[['C10.228.140.380.100', 'C10.574.945.249', 'F03.615.400.100'], ['D02.065.277', 'D02.241.223.100.100', 'D02.455.426.559.389.127.085'], ['A08.186.211'], ['A08.186.211.132.810.428.200'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500'], ['G09.330.100.159'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.800.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D01.268.380.400.500.496', 'D01.496.448.496', 'D01.496.749.474'], ['E05.318.740.525', 'L01.906.394.422', 'N05.715.360.750.540', 'N06.850.520.830.525'], ['G17.485', 'L01.224.050.375.605'], ['C10.228.140.079.862.500', 'C10.228.662.600.400', 'C10.574.928.750'], ['E07.671'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.249.487.550.784'], ['D03.383.773'], ['D27.505.259.843', 'D27.505.519.871', 'D27.720.470.410.650'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['D02.092.570.665.810', 'D02.691.825.562'], ['E01.370.350.350.800.800', 'E01.370.350.600.350.800.800', 'E01.370.350.710.800.800', 'E01.370.350.825.800.800', 'E01.370.384.730.800.800']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
A novel distal enhancer mediates cytokine induction of mouse RANKl gene expression.
|
Chronic inflammatory states are associated with increased bone loss. This increase is often linked to an elevation in receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB ligand (RANKL), a TNFalpha-like factor essential to osteoclast formation. In this study, we document the ability of IL-6 in combination with IL-6 soluble receptor (IL-6/IL-6sR) and oncostatin M to induce Rankl expression in stromal cells via signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). We used chromatin immunoprecipitation-tiled DNA microarray analysis to determine sites of action of STAT3 at the Rankl locus and to assess the consequences of binding on histone H4 acetylation and RNA polymerase II recruitment. Both IL-6/IL-6 soluble receptor and oncostatin M stimulated STAT3 binding upstream of the Rankl transcriptional start site. Although previously identified enhancers bound STAT3, a more distal enhancer termed mRLD6 was a particular focus of STAT3 binding. When fused to a heterologous promoter, this enhancer was highly active, containing two functionally active STAT response elements. Importantly, small interfering RNA knockdown of Stat3 mRNA and protein, but not that of Stat1 or Stat5a, was effective in limiting Rankl mRNA up-regulation. Interestingly, although RNA polymerase II and histone H4 acetylation marked many of the enhancers under basal conditions, the levels of both were strongly increased after cytokine treatment, particularly at mRLD6. Finally, mRLD6 was also a target for forskolin-induced cellular response element-binding protein (CREB) recruitment, which potentiated cytokine activity. Our studies provide new insight into mechanisms by which glycoprotein 130 activating cytokines induce RANKL expression.
|
['Animals', 'Antineoplastic Agents', 'Blotting, Western', 'Cell Line', 'Chromatin Immunoprecipitation', 'Colforsin', 'Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein', 'Enhancer Elements, Genetic', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Interleukin-6', 'Mice', 'Oncostatin M', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Protein Binding', 'RANK Ligand', 'RNA Polymerase II', 'Receptors, Interleukin-6', 'Recombinant Fusion Proteins', 'STAT3 Transcription Factor']
| 19,880,655
|
[['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.248'], ['E05.196.401.143', 'E05.301.300.096', 'E05.478.566.320.200', 'E05.601.262', 'E05.601.470.320.200'], ['A11.251.210'], ['E05.393.170', 'E05.478.605.160'], ['D02.455.849.291.300'], ['D12.776.260.108.184', 'D12.776.930.127.184'], ['G02.111.570.080.689.330', 'G05.360.080.689.330', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.750.249'], ['G05.308'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.224', 'D12.776.467.374.465.202', 'D23.529.374.465.224'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['D12.644.276.374.562', 'D12.776.467.374.562', 'D23.529.374.562'], ['E05.393.620.500'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808'], ['D12.644.276.374.750.562', 'D12.776.467.374.750.562', 'D23.529.374.750.562'], ['D08.811.913.696.445.735.270.762'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.852.420.400'], ['D12.776.828.300'], ['D12.644.360.024.342.300', 'D12.776.157.057.186.300', 'D12.776.476.024.430.300', 'D12.776.930.840.300']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Comparative studies on surface hydrophobicity of streptococcal strains of groups A, B, C, D and G.
|
Cell surface hydrophobicity of group A, B, C, D and G streptococcal strains has been studied and compared in a new test based on the fact that the degree of bacterial aggregation in ammonium sulphate depends on amphiphilic surface antigens. M-positive group A strains showing good growth in normal human blood aggregated in the standard salt aggregation test at very low concentrations of ammonium sulphate, while M-negative strains, which were killed in normal human blood, usually aggregated at high salt concentrations. Agents such as 2 M-KSCN, 2 M-guanidine. HC1 or 2 M-urea decreased the aggregation of the M-positive strains in the salt aggregation test while non ionic detergents such as Tween 20 (1%, w/v) and ethylene glycol (2 M) did not affect cell aggregation. Binding of fibrinogen and albumin resulted in a decrease of surface hydrophobicity of the group A M-positive strains. Group B strains possess a hydrophilic surface character and did not aggregate, while group C and G strains behaved in the salt aggregation test like M-negative strains of group A streptococci. Group D strains did not aggregate even at high ammonium salt concentrations. The results are discussed in relation to the influence of lipoteichoic acid and other surface antigens on strains of the various groups, and it is suggested that M protein and possibly also other surface proteins contribute to the high surface hydrophobicity of group A strains.
|
['Ammonium Sulfate', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Streptococcus', 'Surface Properties', 'Temperature']
| 6,726,181
|
[['D01.625.062.374', 'D01.875.800.800.850.050'], ['G02.300'], ['B03.353.750.737.872', 'B03.510.400.800.872', 'B03.510.550.737.872'], ['G02.860'], ['G01.906.595', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710', 'G16.500.750.775.710', 'N06.230.150.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Biomechanical study of the extensor carpi ulnaris as a dynamic wrist stabilizer.
|
PURPOSE: To investigate the dynamic stabilizing effect of the extensor carpi ulnaris (ECU) on the distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ) and the ulnocarpal joint in a simulated model of triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) injury.METHODS: Using 8 fresh-frozen cadavers, we fixed the humerus and ulna at 90° of elbow flexion, and the radius and hand were allowed to rotate freely around the ulna. Passive mobility was tested by translating the radiocarpal unit relative to the ulna along dorsal-palmar directions. Unit displacement was measured by an electromagnetic tracking device in different forearm rotations and under varied loading to the wrist motor tendons. Magnitudes of displacement were compared between different loading patterns of the prime wrist movers in the TFCC-sectioned wrists. The effect of sectioning the ECU subsheath was analyzed.RESULTS: When physiological loads were applied to all of the prime wrist movers, the magnitude of displacement during passive mobility testing decreased in supination and neutral rotation. After ECU tendon loading was released, mobility increased again in supination and neutral rotation. When the load was applied only to the ECU tendon, mobility decreased in supination and neutral rotation as compared with unloaded. Little change in the mobility was found in pronation regardless of the tendon loading pattern. After sectioning of the ECU subsheath, the stabilizing effect of the ECU decreased in neutral rotation.CONCLUSIONS: In a neutral wrist position with complete sectioning of the TFCC, the ECU dynamically stabilized the DRUJ and the ulnocarpal joint in supination and neutral forearm rotation. The ECU subsheath assisted ECU tendon stabilization on the ulnar side of the wrist, especially in the neutral rotation.CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Maintaining the ECU and its subsheath may reduce DRUJ instability in patients with TFCC injuries.
|
['Aged, 80 and over', 'Biomechanical Phenomena', 'Cadaver', 'Forearm', 'Humans', 'Joint Instability', 'Ligaments, Articular', 'Pronation', 'Radius', 'Supination', 'Triangular Fibrocartilage', 'Ulna']
| 23,123,149
|
[['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['G01.154.090', 'G01.374.089'], ['C23.550.260.224'], ['A01.378.800.585'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C05.550.521'], ['A02.513.514', 'A02.835.583.512', 'A10.165.669.514'], ['G11.427.410.698.840'], ['A02.835.232.087.090.700'], ['G11.427.410.698.920'], ['A02.165.308.800', 'A02.835.583.405.930.800', 'A10.165.382.350.800'], ['A02.835.232.087.090.850']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Management of renal-vein perforation during a challenging percutaneous nephrolithotomy.
|
A 54-year-old man with complex urinary anatomy as the result of previous surgery sustained a renal-vein injury during percutaneous nephrolithotomy for a staghorn calculus with a blood loss of 1.5 L. He was managed with antibiotics, bed rest, heparin, and a 28F nephrostomy catheter, which was withdrawn gradually as the tract sealed. This case highlights the importance of early diagnosis of this complication and the possibility of conservative management.
|
['Follow-Up Studies', 'Hemostasis, Surgical', 'Humans', 'Kidney', 'Kidney Calculi', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Nephrostomy, Percutaneous', 'Renal Veins', 'Risk Assessment', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 16,053,363
|
[['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['E02.520.490', 'E04.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A05.810.453'], ['C12.777.419.600.500', 'C12.777.967.249.500', 'C12.777.967.500.503', 'C13.351.968.419.600.500', 'C13.351.968.967.249.500', 'C13.351.968.967.500.503', 'C23.300.175.850.550'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.370.390.550', 'E04.579.642', 'E04.950.774.739.500', 'E04.950.774.852.642'], ['A07.015.908.752'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.715', 'N04.452.871.715', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.690', 'N06.850.505.715', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.715'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
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