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[Primary cardiac tumours in infancy].
|
INTRODUCTION: Primary cardiac tumours are very rare in the paediatric age, their incidence varies from 0.0017 % to 0.28 %. More than 90 % are benign in nature. The most common variety is the rhabdomyoma, present in over 60 % of cases with tuberous sclerosis.MATERIAL AND METHODS: We performed a retrospective analysis of medical records with a diagnosis of primary cardiac tumor between March 1977 and March 2007, finding a total of 27 patients.RESULTS: The age of initial diagnosis is more prevalent in the neonatal period, beginning with the discovery of a heart murmur (11 cases). There was no difference in gender distribution. In 14 patients were found cardiomegaly on chest radiograph. According to the echocardiography characteristics there were diagnosed 20 rhabdomyomas, 2 fibromas, 2 pericardial teratomas and 3 non classifiable tumours. Most were located in the left ventricle. Echocardiography, cardiac catheterization was also performed in 3 cases and angioresonance in 5 cases. During their evolution, episodes of arrhythmias were observed in 11 patients, 5 patients required some sort of surgical procedure, which confirmed the histopathology diagnosis. In 3 patients the initial cause of death was cardiological. The 75 % of cases with rhabdomyomas presented or developed tuberous sclerosis. In most of the rhabdomyomas (13 cases), there was a spontaneous regression.CONCLUSIONS: Firstly, there is shown to be a low prevalence of this disorder in children. Rhabdomyoma is the most common primary cardiac tumour in our study and it was associated in 75 % of cases with tuberous sclerosis. The diagnosis is more common in the early neonatal period after auscultation of a cardiac murmur and echocardiography, the diagnostic technique of choice, other imaging techniques, such as angioMRI not being of much for diagnosis in children. The emergence of foetal echocardiography allows early detection. The course is benign in most tumours, rhabdomyomas tending to regress spontaneously. It must be monitored as the occurrence of arrhythmias during its evolution will require medical treatment. Surgery is needed in cases with severe symptoms, due to obstruction in the ventricular output tracts. One option is the surgical cardiac transplant in non-resectable life-threatening tumours.
|
['Adolescent', 'Child, Preschool', 'Echocardiography', 'Electrocardiography', 'Female', 'Heart Neoplasms', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Male', 'Radiography, Thoracic', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Rhabdomyoma']
| 18,620,671
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['E01.370.350.130.750', 'E01.370.350.850.220', 'E01.370.370.380.220'], ['E01.370.370.380.240', 'E01.370.405.240'], ['C04.588.894.309', 'C14.280.459'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['E01.370.350.700.730'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['C04.557.450.590.540.700']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
The relationship between medical and psychological status in newly diagnosed gay men with AIDS.
|
We assessed current medical and psychological status in 50 homosexual/bisexual males who were within 3 months of the diagnosis of AIDS. Subjects had typically impaired cellular immunity, relatively well-maintained physical performance capacity, and reported surprisingly good current health status, in spite of significant numbers of medical symptoms. While as a group they reported moderate levels of psychological distress, intact self-esteem, and a high quality of life, a significant minority reported high psychological distress, low self-esteem, and low quality of life. Psychological distress was correlated with subjective, but not objective, measures of current health status.
|
['Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome', 'Adaptation, Psychological', 'Adult', 'Homosexuality', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Opportunistic Infections', 'Quality of Life', 'Sarcoma, Kaposi', 'Sick Role', 'Skin Neoplasms']
| 2,748,927
|
[['C01.221.250.875.040', 'C01.221.812.640.400.040', 'C01.778.640.400.040', 'C01.925.782.815.616.400.040', 'C01.925.813.400.040', 'C01.925.839.040', 'C20.673.480.040'], ['F01.058'], ['M01.060.116'], ['F01.145.802.975.500', 'G08.686.867.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C01.597', 'C01.610.684', 'C01.925.597'], ['I01.800', 'K01.752.400.750', 'N06.850.505.400.425.837'], ['C01.925.256.466.860', 'C04.557.450.795.850', 'C04.557.645.750'], ['F01.829.316.616.751'], ['C04.588.805', 'C17.800.882']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Beta-D-xylosidase from Selenomonas ruminantium: thermodynamics of enzyme-catalyzed and noncatalyzed reactions.
|
Beta-D-Xylosidase/alpha-L-arabinofuranosidase from Selenomonas ruminantium is the most active enzyme known for catalyzing hydrolysis of 1,4-beta-D: -xylooligosaccharides to D-xylose. Temperature dependence for hydrolysis of 4-nitrophenyl-beta-D-xylopyranoside (4NPX), 4-nitrophenyl-alpha-L-arabinofuranoside (4NPA), and 1,4-beta-D-xylobiose (X2) was determined on and off (k (non)) the enzyme at pH 5.3, which lies in the pH-independent region for k (cat) and k (non). Rate enhancements (k (cat)/k (non)) for 4NPX, 4NPA, and X2 are 4.3 x 10(11), 2.4 x 10(9), and 3.7 x 10(12), respectively, at 25 degrees C and increase with decreasing temperature. Relative parameters k (cat) (4NPX)/k (cat) (4NPA), k (cat) (4NPX)/k (cat) (X2), and (k (cat)/K (m))(4NPX)/(k (cat)/K (m))(X2) increase and (k (cat)/K (m))(4NPX)/(k (cat)/K (m))(4NPA), (1/K (m))(4NPX)/(1/K (m))(4NPA), and (1/K (m))(4NPX)/(1/K (m))(X2) decrease with increasing temperature.
|
['Glycosides', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Molecular Structure', 'Selenomonas', 'Substrate Specificity', 'Temperature', 'Thermodynamics', 'Xylosidases']
| 18,953,511
|
[['D09.408'], ['G02.300'], ['G02.111.570', 'G02.466'], ['B03.440.425.410.800.877'], ['G02.111.835'], ['G01.906.595', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710', 'G16.500.750.775.710', 'N06.230.150.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710'], ['G01.906'], ['D08.811.277.450.950']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
In vitro inhibition of multiple cytochrome P450 isoforms by xanthone derivatives from mangosteen extract.
|
Mangosteen is a xanthone-containing fruit found in Southeast Asia for which health claims include maintaining healthy immune and gastrointestinal systems to slowing the progression of tumor growth and neurodegenerative diseases. Previous studies have identified multiple xanthones in the pericarp of the mangosteen fruit. The aim of the current study was to assess the drug inhibition potential of mangosteen in vitro as well as the cytochrome P450 (P450) enzymes responsible for the metabolism of its individual components. The various xanthone derivatives were found to be both substrates and inhibitors for multiple P450 isoforms. Aqueous extracts of the mangosteen pericarp were analyzed for xanthone content as well as inhibition potency. Finally, in vivo plasma concentrations of alpha-mangostin, the most abundant xanthone derivative found in mangosteen, were predicted using Simcyp and found to be well above their respective in vitro K(i) values for CYP2C8 and CYP2C9.
|
['Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors', 'Enzyme Inhibitors', 'Garcinia mangostana', 'Humans', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Isoenzymes', 'Kinetics', 'Mass Spectrometry', 'Microsomes, Liver', 'NADP', 'Pharmaceutical Preparations', 'Phenotype', 'Plant Extracts', 'Xanthones']
| 19,541,824
|
[['E05.196.181.400.300'], ['D27.505.389.500', 'D27.505.519.389.335'], ['D27.505.519.389'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.859.625.333.600'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.481'], ['D08.811.348', 'D12.776.800.300'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['E05.196.566'], ['A11.284.835.540.541'], ['D03.633.100.759.646.138.749', 'D08.211.625', 'D13.695.667.138.749', 'D13.695.827.068.749'], ['D26'], ['G05.695'], ['D20.215.784.500', 'D26.667'], ['D03.633.300.953.852']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Development of exploration of spatial-relational object properties in the second and third years of life.
|
Within a perception-action framework, exploration is seen as a driving force in young children's development. Through exploration, children become skilled in perceiving the affordances in their environment and acting on them. Using a perception-action framework, the current study examined the development of children's exploration of the spatial-relational properties of objects such as the possibility of containing or stacking. A total of 61 children, belonging to two age cohorts, were followed from 9 to 24 months and from 20 to 36 months of age, respectively. Exploration of a standard set of objects was observed in five home visits in each cohort conducted every 4 months. A cohort-sequential augmented growth model for categorical data, incorporating assumptions of item response theory, was constructed that fitted the data well, showing that the development of exploration of spatial-relational object properties follows an overlapping waves pattern. This is in line with Siegler's model (Emerging Minds, 1996), which suggested that skill development can be seen as ebbing and flowing of alternative (simple and advanced) behaviors. Although the probability of observing the more complex forms of exploration increased with age, the simpler forms did not disappear altogether but only became less probable. Findings support a perception-action view on development. Individual differences in observed exploration and their relations with other variables, as well as future directions for research, are discussed.
|
['Age Factors', 'Child Development', 'Child, Preschool', 'Exploratory Behavior', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Male', 'Netherlands', 'Space Perception']
| 26,950,506
|
[['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['F01.525.200', 'G07.345.374.750'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['F01.145.387', 'F01.658.370'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['Z01.542.651'], ['F02.463.593.778']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Hypothermic coronary perfusion for myocardial protection during aortocoronary bypass.
|
Numerous methods have been used in an attempt to prevent myocardial injury that results from the interruption of aortic flow during cardiac operations. The authors describe a relatively simple means of inducing cardioplegia during coronary bypass surgery by coronary perfusion with cold lactated Ringer's solution through the aortic root. When the results following the employment of hypothermic coronary perfusion for intraoperative cardioplegia were compared with those obtained without its use, the procedure was found to confer a degree of intraoperative myocardial protection and appeared to lead to a decrease in intraoperative myocardial infarction, subendocardial ischemia and intraoperative mortality.
|
['Coronary Artery Bypass', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hypothermia, Induced', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Perfusion']
| 307,979
|
[['E04.100.376.719.332', 'E04.100.814.868.750', 'E04.928.220.520.220'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.258.750'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.680']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Early clinical experience enhances third-year pediatrics clerkship performance.
|
PURPOSE: To determine whether clinical experiences in the preclinical years improve medical students' performances in a third-year clerkship.METHOD: A cohort study reviewed the pediatrics clerkship performances of 400 Eastern Virginia Medical School students in the graduating classes of 1996 through 1999. The first two classes completed a traditional preclinical curriculum with limited clinical experience. The final two classes participated in a mentorship program that provided 18 months of early clinical experience, consisting of one-on-one half-day sessions every other week with a generalist community faculty. The authors compared the clinical clerkship performances of the groups using clinical skills (CS) scores, history and physical examination (H&P) scores, and scores on the NBME pediatrics shelf examination. They also looked at the mean MCAT and USMLE scores for each group. The authors also looked at the scores within each class, comparing students who completed one of the first two pediatrics clerkship rotations with their classmates who completed clerkships later in the academic year.RESULTS: The students' NBME scores rose significantly (p < .05, r2 = 0.95) over the four-year study, paralleling a significant rise in MCAT scores (p < .03, r2 = 0.73). The CS and H&P scores did not rise. Students who had the traditional preclinical curriculum and who completed their clerkships early in the year had significantly lower CS and H&P scores than did their classmates. In contrast, the scores of students who had the early clinical experiences did not differ significantly according to the timing of their rotation.CONCLUSION: Students who had participated in a mentorship program that provided early clinical experience demonstrated significantly improved clinical skills in the pediatrics clerkship early in the academic year.
|
['Analysis of Variance', 'Clinical Clerkship', 'Clinical Competence', 'Cohort Studies', 'Curriculum', 'Education, Medical, Undergraduate', 'Educational Measurement', 'Humans', 'Pediatrics', 'Virginia']
| 10,587,688
|
[['E05.318.740.150', 'N05.715.360.750.125', 'N06.850.520.830.150'], ['I02.358.105'], ['I02.399.630.210', 'N04.761.210', 'N05.715.175'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['I02.158'], ['I02.358.399.450'], ['I02.399'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['H02.403.670'], ['Z01.107.567.875.075.837', 'Z01.107.567.875.750.870']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Demonstration of functional border zone with myocardial contrast echocardiography in human hearts. Simultaneous analysis of myocardial perfusion and wall motion abnormalities.
|
BACKGROUND: Although the presence of a functional border zone (FBZ), defined as the nonischemic but asynergic myocardium adjacent to the ischemic area, has been demonstrated in animal hearts, it is not known whether this zone exists in humans.METHODS AND RESULTS: Myocardial contrast echocardiography (MCE) was performed before and during balloon inflation in the area of coronary stenosis by injecting contrast medium through the guiding catheter in 13 patients with effort angina who underwent successful coronary angioplasty. The area showing MCE defect during balloon inflation was determined with reference to the preangioplasty MCE and was regarded as an ischemic area. The size of the FBZ was assessed by measuring the length of the endocardium that showed asynergy in the echo-enhanced (nonischemic) area. The FBZ measured was 13 +/- 4 mm in the short-axis view (n = 5) and 16 +/- 9 mm in the long-axis view (n = 8).CONCLUSIONS: Nonischemic contractile dysfunction exists even in human hearts. The presence of an FBZ may limit the use of wall motion analysis in assessing the risk or ischemic area in patients with myocardial infarction. MCE appears to be a unique technique for assessing the risk or ischemic area.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary', 'Contrast Media', 'Coronary Circulation', 'Coronary Disease', 'Echocardiography', 'Female', 'Heart', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged']
| 8,339,408
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E02.148.050.060.100', 'E04.100.376.719.100', 'E04.100.814.529.124.060.100', 'E04.100.814.529.968.050', 'E04.502.382.124.060.100', 'E04.502.382.968.050', 'E04.928.220.520.100', 'E05.157.016.060.100'], ['D27.505.259.500', 'D27.720.259'], ['G09.330.100.324'], ['C14.280.647.250', 'C14.907.585.250'], ['E01.370.350.130.750', 'E01.370.350.850.220', 'E01.370.370.380.220'], ['A07.541'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Identification of TLR inducing Th1-responsive Leishmania donovani amastigote-specific antigens.
|
Leishmania is known to elicit Th2 response that causes leishmaniasis progression; on the other hand, Th1 cytokines restricts amastigote growth and disease progression. In this study, we report the potential of two leishmanial antigens (65 and 98 kDa, in combination) which enhance strong macrophage effector functions, viz., production of respiratory burst enzymes, nitric oxide, and Th1 cytokines. The identification of antigens were done by resolving the crude soluble antigens on SDS-PAGE and eluted by reverse staining method. Further, RAW264.7 macrophages were challenged with eluted antigens, and the innate immune response was observed by detecting respiratory burst enzymes, nitric oxide (NOx), TNF-á, IFN-ã, IL-12, toll-like receptors (TLRs) gene expression, and TLR-signaling proteins. These antigens increased the production of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase, superoxide dismutase, NOx, TNF-á, IFN-ã, IL-12, TLR2, and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase. These antigens also induced human peripheral blood mononuclear cells proliferation and Th1 cytokine production. This study concludes that these antigens induce innate immune response as well as have prophylactic efficacy.
|
['Animals', 'Antigens, Protozoan', 'Cell Line', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Cytokines', 'Immunity, Innate', 'Leishmania donovani', 'Macrophages', 'Mice', 'Th1 Cells', 'Toll-Like Receptors']
| 21,858,498
|
[['B01.050'], ['D23.050.293'], ['A11.251.210'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['D12.644.276.374', 'D12.776.467.374', 'D23.529.374'], ['G12.450.564'], ['B01.268.475.868.488.230'], ['A11.329.372', 'A11.627.482', 'A11.733.397', 'A15.382.670.522', 'A15.382.680.397'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.550.500.400.900', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.200.400.900', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.500.400.900', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.550.500.400.500', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.200.400.500', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.500.400.500', 'A15.382.490.555.567.550.500.400.900', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.200.400.900', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.500.400.900'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.910.500']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Use of Radio Frequency Identification to Establish Emergency Medical Service Offload Times.
|
Emergency medical services (EMS) crews often wait for emergency department (ED) beds to become available to offload their patients. Presently there is no national benchmark for EMS turnaround or offload times, or method for objectively and reliably measuring this. This study introduces a novel method for monitoring offload times and identifying variance. We performed a descriptive, observational study in a large urban community teaching hospital. We affixed radio frequency identification (RFID) tags (Confidex Survivor™, Confidex, Inc., Glen Ellyn, IL) to 65 cots from 19 different EMS agencies and placed a reader (CaptureTech Weatherproof RFID Interpreter, Barcoding Inc., Baltimore, Maryland) in the ED ambulance entrance, allowing for passive recording of traffic. We recorded data for 16 weeks starting December 2009. Offload times were calculated for each visit and analyzed using STATA to show variations in individual and cumulative offload times based on the time of day and day of the week. Results are presented as median times, confidence intervals (CIs), and interquartile ranges (IQRs). We collected data on 2,512 visits. Five hundred and ninety-two were excluded because of incomplete data, leaving 1,920 (76%) complete visits. Average offload time was 13.2 minutes. Median time was 10.7 minutes (IQR 8.1 minutes to 15.4 minutes). A total of 43% of the patients (833/1,920, 95% CI 0.41-0.46) were offloaded in less than 10 minutes, while 27% (513/1,920, 95% CI 0.25-0.29) took greater than 15 minutes. Median times were longest on Mondays (11.5 minutes) and shortest on Wednesdays (10.3 minutes). Longest daily median offload time occurred between 1600 and 1700 (13.5 minutes), whereas the shortest median time was between 0800 and 0900 (9.3 minutes). Cumulative time spent waiting beyond 15 minutes totaled 72.5 hours over the study period. RFID monitoring is a simple and effective means of monitoring EMS traffic and wait times. At our institution, most squads are able to offload their patients within 15 minutes, with many in less than 10 minutes. Variations in wait times are seen and are a topic for future study.
|
['Ambulances', 'Baltimore', 'Emergency Medical Services', 'Emergency Service, Hospital', 'Hospitals, Urban', 'Humans', 'Maryland', 'Radio Frequency Identification Device', 'Time Factors', 'Transportation of Patients']
| 26,382,887
|
[['J01.937.500.050', 'N02.421.297.879.100'], ['Z01.107.567.875.500.500.100', 'Z01.433.100'], ['N02.421.297'], ['N02.278.216.500.968.336', 'N02.421.297.195', 'N04.452.442.452.422.336'], ['N02.278.421.660'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.107.567.875.075.418', 'Z01.107.567.875.500.500'], ['E07.715', 'N04.452.653.500'], ['G01.910.857'], ['E02.365.839', 'N02.421.297.879']]
|
['Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Characterization of a novel SCN5A mutation associated with Brugada syndrome reveals involvement of DIIIS4-S5 linker in slow inactivation.
|
OBJECTIVE: Mutations in SCN5A, the gene encoding the alpha-subunit of the cardiac sodium channel (Na(v)1.5), have been associated with various inherited arrhythmia syndromes, including Brugada syndrome (BrS). Here, we report the functional consequences of a novel missense SCN5A mutation, G1319V, identified in a BrS patient. The G1319V mutation is located in the loop connecting transmembrane segments 4 and 5 in domain III (DIIIS4-S5), a region so far considered to be exclusively involved in fast inactivation.METHODS: Whole-cell mutant (G1319V) and wild-type (WT) sodium currents (I(Na)) were studied in the Human Embryonic Kidney cell line (HEK-293) transfected with Na(v)1.5 alpha-subunit cDNA (WT or mutant) together with h beta(1)-subunit cDNA, using the patch-clamp technique.RESULTS: Maximal peak I(Na) and persistent sodium current were similar in WT and channel G1319V channels. The G1319V mutation shifted the potential of half-maximal (V(1/2)) activation towards more positive potentials (+3.7 mV), thereby increasing the degree of depolarization required for activation. The V(1/2) of inactivation of G1319V channels was shifted by -6.0 mV compared to WT, resulting in a reduced channel availability. The change in the steady-state inactivation was completely due to a negative shift (-6.8 mV) of the voltage-dependence of slow inactivation, while the voltage-dependence of fast inactivation was unaffected. The fast component of recovery from inactivation of G1319V channels was slowed down. Finally, the G1319V mutation caused a two-fold increase in the propensity of the channels to enter the slow inactivated state. Reduction in I(Na) peak amplitude on repetitive depolarizations at short interpulse intervals (40 ms) was significantly more pronounced in G1319V compared to WT. Accordingly, carriers of the G1319V mutation showed marked QRS widening upon increases in heart rate during exercise testing, pointing to enhancement of slow inactivation.CONCLUSIONS: We identified the DIIIS4-S5 linker as a new region involved in slow inactivation of Na(v)1.5. The biophysical alterations of the G1319V mutation all contribute to a reduction in I(Na), in line with the proposed mechanism underlying BrS.
|
['Adult', 'Amino Acid Sequence', 'Brugada Syndrome', 'Cell Line', 'Electrocardiography', 'Electrophysiological Phenomena', 'Humans', 'Kidney', 'Male', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Muscle Proteins', 'Mutation, Missense', 'NAV1.5 Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel', 'Patch-Clamp Techniques', 'Phenotype', 'Protein Structure, Tertiary', 'Sodium Channels']
| 17,854,786
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['C14.280.067.322', 'C14.280.123.250', 'C16.320.100'], ['A11.251.210'], ['E01.370.370.380.240', 'E01.370.405.240'], ['G07.265'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A05.810.453'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['D12.776.210.500'], ['G05.365.590.650'], ['D12.776.157.530.400.875.750.500', 'D12.776.543.550.450.875.750.500', 'D12.776.543.585.400.875.750.500', 'D12.776.631.960.500'], ['E05.200.500.905', 'E05.242.800'], ['G05.695'], ['G02.111.570.820.709.610'], ['D12.776.157.530.400.875', 'D12.776.543.550.450.875', 'D12.776.543.585.400.875']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Therapeutic ultrasound: the effects upon cutaneous blood flow in humans.
|
The premise of the current crossover, randomised, double-blinded and controlled study was to ascertain the physiologic effects of pulsed and continuous ultrasound (US) upon cutaneous blood flow in humans as measured by laser Doppler flowmetry. Ten healthy volunteers (5 male, 5 female; aged 18 to 36 y) were assigned to undergo four experimental conditions in a predetermined random order: (i) control, (ii) placebo, (iii) pulsed US and (iv) continuous US. US was applied at a frequency of 3 MHz at an intensity of 1 W/cm(2) for a total of 6 min over the lateral aspect of the forearm. Ambient and skin temperatures were measured concomitantly. Statistical analysis indicated that there were significant differences in blood perfusion units between pulsed US and continuous application of US compared with the control condition for cutaneous blood flow at 2 min (p < or = 0.05), 4 min (p < or = 0.03) and 6 min (p < or = 0.05). Additionally, the placebo group was found only significantly to be different from the control condition at 6 min (p = 0.02), indicating that the movement of the transducer head can produce an additional massage effect. There were no significant differences found for ambient or skin temperature recordings. These findings suggest that active US produces significant increases in cutaneous blood flow.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Blood Flow Velocity', 'Cross-Over Studies', 'Double-Blind Method', 'Female', 'Forearm', 'Humans', 'Laser-Doppler Flowmetry', 'Male', 'Regional Blood Flow', 'Skin', 'Skin Temperature', 'Ultrasonic Therapy']
| 17,306,698
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['E01.370.370.130', 'G09.330.380.630.080'], ['E05.318.370.150', 'N05.715.360.325.150', 'N06.850.520.445.150'], ['E05.318.370.300', 'E05.581.500.300', 'N05.715.360.325.320', 'N06.850.520.445.300'], ['A01.378.800.585'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.370.475', 'E05.830.500'], ['G09.330.100.780'], ['A17.815'], ['G07.110.753', 'G13.750.844'], ['E02.565.280.945']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Sequence analysis and structure prediction of aminoglycoside-resistance 16S rRNA:m7G methyltransferases.
|
Methylation of G1405 within bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA results in high-level resistance to specific combinations of aminoglycoside antibiotics. Only a few closely related methyltransferases (MTases), which carry out the respective modification (here dubbed "Agr", for aminoglycoside resistance), are known. It is not clear, whether they are related to "typical" S-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet)-dependent MTases or not. Demydchuk et al., 1998 proposed that the cofactor-binding region is localized at the C-terminus of Agr MTases, which implies an interesting case of sequence permutation. Since the Agr MTases lack significant sequence similarity to other proteins, we tested that hypothesis using more sensitive sequence/structure threading approach. Structure prediction confirmed the presence of a putative AdoMet-binding site in these proteins, albeit at a distinct location, resembling that of "typical", non-permuted MTases. Additionally, a small alpha-helical domain dissimilar to other proteins in the database was identified in the N-terminal region of Agr MTases. Comparison of a three-dimensional model of the Agr family member with a recently solved structure of reovirus mRNA capping MTase suggests that the mechanism of guanine-N7 methylation in rRNA and mRNA may be different.
|
['Actinomycetales', 'Amino Acid Sequence', 'Aminoglycosides', 'Anti-Bacterial Agents', 'Drug Resistance, Microbial', 'Forecasting', 'Methyltransferases', 'Micromonospora', 'Models, Molecular', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Sequence Analysis, Protein', 'Sequence Homology, Amino Acid']
| 11,518,396
|
[['B03.510.024.049'], ['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['D09.408.051'], ['D27.505.954.122.085'], ['G06.225', 'G07.690.773.984.269'], ['I01.320'], ['D08.811.913.555.500'], ['B03.300.390.400.500.500', 'B03.510.024.925.500', 'B03.510.415.400.500.500', 'B03.510.460.410.500.500'], ['E05.599.595'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['E05.393.760.705'], ['G02.111.810.200', 'G05.810.200']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Nosocomial infection with gentamicin-carbenicillin-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
|
Pseudomonas aeruginosa resistant to both gentamicin and carbenicillin was isolated with increasing frequency at the Cincinnati Veterans Administration Hospital during the period 1971 to 1974. A comparison of patients from whom P. aeruginosa was isolated during this period failed to reveal any significant clinical differences between the patients colonized or infected with resistant organisms and those colonized or infected with susceptible organisms. Overt clinical infection attributable to either organism was rare. The antibiotic-resistant organisms were isolated most frequently from urine. Isolation of the antibiotic-resistant organisms was more frequent from patients who had previously received gentamicin.
|
['Anti-Bacterial Agents', 'Carbenicillin', 'Gentamicins', 'Humans', 'Penicillin Resistance', 'Pseudomonas Infections', 'Pseudomonas aeruginosa', 'Time Factors']
| 825,033
|
[['D27.505.954.122.085'], ['D02.065.589.099.750.750.170', 'D02.886.108.750.750.170', 'D03.633.100.300.750.750.170'], ['D09.408.051.374'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G06.099.225.500.600', 'G06.225.347.500.600', 'G07.690.773.984.269.347.500.600'], ['C01.150.252.400.739'], ['B03.440.400.425.625.625.100', 'B03.660.250.580.590.050'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Surveillance of surgical wound infections following open heart surgery.
|
OBJECTIVE: To define accurate wound infection rates for the cardiac surgery service based on site of infection and characterization as "deep" or "incisional" and to determine whether a correctable cause for an apparent increase in deep wound infection rates existed.DESIGN: Observational.SETTING: Tertiary-care teaching hospital.PARTICIPANTS: All adults undergoing open heart surgery in 1988 and 1989.INTERVENTIONS: Changed from razor to clipper preoperative hair removal in January 1989.RESULTS: Deep sternotomy wound infections decreased significantly from 1.2% in 1988 to 0.2% in 1989 (p = .010) and deep venectomy (vein donor site) wound infections declined from 1.6% to 0.4% (p = .014) during the same time period. Incisional wound infection rates did not change. Patients with deep infections more likely required readmission or operation to treat their infection than those with incisional wound infections. The percentage of gram-negative organisms causing wound infections decreased from 56.3% in 1988 to 34.7% in 1989 (p = .017).CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative hair removal using a clipper appears to have decreased the risk of deep wound infection compared with razor preparation. The dichotomous wound classification of "deep" and "incisional" distinguished between patients who required additional interventions for treatment of wound infections.
|
['Cardiac Surgical Procedures', 'Cardiology Service, Hospital', 'Coronary Artery Bypass', 'Hair Removal', 'Hospital Bed Capacity, 500 and over', 'Hospitals, Teaching', 'Humans', 'New York', 'Population Surveillance', 'Preoperative Care', 'Risk Factors', 'Surgical Wound Infection']
| 1,787,309
|
[['E04.100.376', 'E04.928.220'], ['N02.278.216.500.968.215', 'N04.452.442.452.422.215'], ['E04.100.376.719.332', 'E04.100.814.868.750', 'E04.928.220.520.220'], ['E02.218.372'], ['N02.278.306.472.300'], ['N02.278.020.300', 'N02.278.421.639'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.107.567.875.075.437', 'Z01.107.567.875.350.530', 'Z01.107.567.875.500.530'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.700', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.625', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.700', 'N06.850.780.675'], ['E02.760.795', 'E04.604.750', 'N02.421.585.795'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['C01.947.692', 'C23.550.767.925']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
An extraction method of positive blood cultures for direct identification of Candida species by Vitek MS matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry.
|
Candida spp. are an important cause of nosocomial bloodstream infections. Currently, complete identification of yeasts with conventional methods takes several days. We report here the first evaluation of an extraction method associated with the Vitek MS matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry for direct identification of Candida species from positive blood cultures. We evaluated this protocol with blood cultures that were inoculated with reference and routine isolates (eight reference strains, 30 patients isolates and six mixed cultures containing two strains of different Candida species), or from patients with candidemia (28 isolates). This method performed extremely well (97% correct identification) with blood cultures of single Candida spp. and significantly reduced the time of diagnosis. Nevertheless, subculture remains indispensable to test fungal resistance and to detect mixed infections.
|
['Blood', 'Candida', 'Candidemia', 'Humans', 'Microbiological Techniques', 'Mycology', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Specimen Handling', 'Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization', 'Time Factors']
| 23,373,445
|
[['A12.207.152', 'A15.145'], ['B01.300.107.795.095', 'B01.300.381.147', 'B01.300.930.176'], ['C01.150.703.160.175.500', 'C01.150.703.492.500.500', 'C01.757.360.150', 'C23.550.470.790.500.360.150'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.875', 'E05.200.875'], ['H01.158.273.540.553'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['E01.370.225.998', 'E05.200.998'], ['E05.196.566.755'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
How treatment improvement in ADHD and cocaine dependence are related to one another: A secondary analysis.
|
BACKGROUND: Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is overrepresented among individuals seeking treatment for substance use disorders. We previously reported that treatment with extended release mixed amphetamine salts (MAS-XR) increased abstinence, compared to placebo, among patients with co-occurring ADHD and cocaine dependence. This secondary analysis investigates the temporal relationship between ADHD improvement and cocaine abstinence in the first six weeks of the trial.METHODS: The study was a three-arm, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, 14-week trial comparing MAS-XR (60 mg or 80 mg daily) versus placebo among 126 participants with ADHD and cocaine dependence. An autoregressive cross-lagged structural equation model was fit and evaluated weekly ADHD improvement (defined as ?30% reduction in the Adult ADHD Investigator Symptom Rating Scale) and urine-confirmed abstinence over the first six weeks.RESULTS: The proportion of patients with each of the possible overall patterns of response was: ADHD improves before cocaine abstinence: 24%; Cocaine abstinence occurs before ADHD improvement: 12%; ADHD improvement and abstinence occur during the same week: 6%; ADHD improves but abstinence never achieved: 34%; Abstinence achieved but ADHD never improves: 6%; Neither ADHD improvement nor abstinence: 18%. A significant cross-lagged association was found; subjects with ADHD improvement at week 2 had significantly higher odds of cocaine abstinence at week 3 (p = .014).CONCLUSION: When treating co-occurring ADHD and cocaine dependence with stimulant medication, abstinence is most likely preceded by improvement in ADHD, which tends to occur early with medication treatment. Other observed temporal patterns suggest the potential complexity of the relationship between ADHD and cocaine dependence.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Amphetamines', 'Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity', 'Central Nervous System Stimulants', 'Cocaine-Related Disorders', 'Delayed-Action Preparations', 'Double-Blind Method', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Time Factors', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Young Adult']
| 29,775,957
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['D02.092.471.683.152'], ['F03.625.094.150'], ['D27.505.696.282', 'D27.505.954.427.220'], ['C25.775.300', 'F03.900.300'], ['D26.255.210', 'E02.319.300.253'], ['E05.318.370.300', 'E05.581.500.300', 'N05.715.360.325.320', 'N06.850.520.445.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G01.910.857'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Efferent controlled integrating fuctions of primary vestibular afferents.
|
The vestibular type II receptor cells of mammalians are multiply innervated. Their afferents are integrating neurons consisting of many inputs but only one output. They transform the irregular spontaneous input activity into a regular output. Under the influence of efferent activity following the stimulation of the contralateral labyrinth, this regular output activity becomes irregular. This efferent influence upon afferent spontaneous activity is analysed by means of an existing computer model of an integrating cell. The analysis confirms a high functional interdependence of both labyrinths.
|
['Animals', 'Cats', 'Cold Temperature', 'Ear, Inner', 'Neurons, Afferent', 'Neurons, Efferent', 'Therapeutic Irrigation', 'Vestibular Nerve', 'Vestibule, Labyrinth', 'Water']
| 313,654
|
[]
|
[]
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Ocular Complications in Influenza Virus Infection.
|
Purpose: To describe a case series of ocular complications associated with upper respiratory tract infections. Methods: Four patients aged 21-61 years (three females, one male) had confirmed ocular complications connected with a general upper respiratory tract infection with myalgia and fever. Ophthalmological examination, including a visual acuity test, a slit-lamp exam, intraocular pressure measurements, fluorescein and indocyanine green angiography, optical coherence tomography (OCT), and diagnostic tests for influenza were performed in the patients (RT-PCR, HAI). Results: Acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy (APMPPE) was diagnosed in three patients and serous macular detachment (SME) in one. Influenza virus infection was confirmed by molecular biological methods (RT-PCR) or the hemagglutination inhibition test (HAI) in two patients. All patients were treated with systemic prednisone. Conclusion: A coincidence between APMPPE and SME epitheliopathy and influenza virus infection was observed in different months of a given epidemic season.
|
['Adult', 'DNA, Viral', 'Female', 'Fluorescein Angiography', 'Fundus Oculi', 'Humans', 'Incidence', 'Influenza A virus', 'Influenza, Human', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Poland', 'Retina', 'Retinal Diseases', 'Risk Factors', 'Slit Lamp Microscopy', 'Tomography, Optical Coherence', 'Visual Acuity', 'Young Adult']
| 29,420,099
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D13.444.308.568'], ['E01.370.370.050.350', 'E01.370.380.250'], ['A09.371.729.313'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.375', 'N01.224.935.597.500', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.375', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.375'], ['B04.820.480.968.405.400'], ['C01.748.310', 'C01.925.782.620.365', 'C08.730.310'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['Z01.542.248.679'], ['A09.371.729'], ['C11.768'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['E01.370.380.727'], ['E01.370.350.589.249.500', 'E01.370.350.825.805.500', 'E05.642.249.500'], ['E01.370.380.850.950', 'F02.463.593.932.901', 'G14.940'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
High variability of nitrosamine metabolism among individuals: role of cytochromes P450 2A6 and 2E1 in the dealkylation of N-nitrosodimethylamine and N-nitrosodiethylamine in mice and humans.
|
We undertook this study to answer several questions regarding nitrosamine metabolism. Kinetics of nitrosamine metabolism showed the involvement of at least two enzymes in the dealkylation of N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA) and N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) in mouse liver microsomes. Coumarin inhibited both reactions competitively. On the other hand, microsomal coumarin 7-hydroxylase was inhibited by NDMA (Ki 2.7 mM) and NDEA (Ki 0.013 mM). The big difference in the Ki values suggests a higher affinity of NDEA than NDMA to Cyp2a-5 (mouse cytochrome P450coh). A specific antibody against Cyp2a-5 inhibited more of the microsomal NDEA (up to 90%) than NDMA (up to 40%) dealkylation. The converse was true with anti-Cyp2e-1 antibody. These results suggest that the primary substrate for Cyp2a-5 is NDEA and for Cyp2e-1, NDMA. Western blot analysis of human liver microsomes showed a great interindividual variation in the amounts of CYP2A6 (human cytochrome P450coh) and CYP2E1. Also, coumarin 7-hydroxylation and nitrosamine dealkylation varied greatly among individuals. A high correlation (r = 0.93, P < 0.001) was found between NDEA and coumarin metabolism. Both activities were associated with CYP2A6. On the other hand, little or no correlation was found between microsomal CYP2A6 and CYP2E1 or between CYP2E1 and NDEA dealkylation. Immunoinhibition of human microsomal NDEA metabolism by CYP2a-5 antibody varied greatly among individuals (10-90%), suggesting, as in the case of mice, that NDEA is metabolized primarily by CYP2A6, at least in some individuals. Taken together the data suggest that (1) the metabolic activation of nitrosamines in humans varies greatly among individuals; (2) different nitrosamines may partially be metabolized by different cytochrome P450 isozymes; and (3) because of similarities between nitrosamine metabolism in mice and humans, inbred strains of mice would be relevant experimental models for studying nitrosamine activation.
|
['Animals', 'Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases', 'Biotransformation', 'Cytochrome P-450 CYP2A6', 'Cytochrome P-450 CYP2E1', 'Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System', 'Diethylnitrosamine', 'Dimethylnitrosamine', 'Humans', 'Kinetics', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred DBA', 'Microsomes, Liver', 'Mixed Function Oxygenases', 'Oxidoreductases, N-Demethylating', 'Pyrazoles', 'Reference Values']
| 8,352,885
|
[['B01.050'], ['D08.244.453.005', 'D08.811.682.690.708.170.010', 'D12.776.422.220.453.010'], ['G03.171', 'G03.787.225', 'G07.690.725.225'], ['D08.244.453.491.250', 'D08.811.682.690.708.170.450.250', 'D12.776.422.220.453.491.250'], ['D08.244.453.491.375', 'D08.811.682.662.582.338', 'D08.811.682.690.708.170.450.375', 'D12.776.422.220.453.491.375'], ['D08.244.453', 'D08.811.682.690.708.170', 'D12.776.422.220.453'], ['D02.654.442.200'], ['D02.654.442.225'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.500'], ['A11.284.835.540.541'], ['D08.811.682.690.708'], ['D08.811.682.662.582'], ['D03.383.129.539'], ['E05.978.810']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Relationship between lung injury and lung lipid peroxidation caused by recurrent endotoxemia.
|
We compared the relationship between lung lipid peroxidation and the histologic and physiologic changes seen after repeated doses of low dose endotoxin in unanesthetized sheep. Thirty-two sheep with lung lymph fistula were given from 1 to 10 doses of 1 micrograms/kg Escherichia coli endotoxin, 12 h apart. Animals were killed 5 h after 1, 3, 5, or 9 doses of endotoxin or 3 to 5 days after the tenth dose of endotoxin. The lipid peroxidation process was monitored by circulating conjugated dienes and lung tissue malondialdehyde (MDA) content. We found that conjugated dienes and MDA were increased after one dose of endotoxin corresponding in time with the increased prostanoid production and increased permeability. Acute lung inflammation was also evident histologically. Lipid peroxidation was not increased, however, when 3 to 7 doses were given. The permeability change was also markedly attenuated whereas severe lung inflammation was still present on histologic examination. After 9 doses, we noted a fourfold increase in lung tissue MDA that corresponded histologically with a marked mononuclear cell infiltration. Physiologic changes included a sustained 50% increase in oxygen consumption. However, lung lymph flow was not increased, again, reflecting lung inflammation with no change in lung vascular permeability. The MDA remained increased 5 days after the last dose of endotoxin along with a marked lung mononuclear cell infiltration. The lung MDA content corresponded with the level of increase in VO2, but not with changes in pulmonary vascular permeability. Conjugated dienes were increased only after the first injection of endotoxin. The lung lipid peroxidation process does not appear to correspond to physiologic or histologic lung changes after recurrent exposures to endotoxin.
|
['Animals', 'Biopsy', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Endotoxins', 'Escherichia coli', 'Lipid Peroxidation', 'Lipid Peroxides', 'Lung', 'Malondialdehyde', 'Pneumonia', 'Recurrence', 'Sheep', 'Sheep Diseases', 'Time Factors']
| 2,653,147
|
[['B01.050'], ['E01.370.225.500.384.100', 'E01.370.225.998.054', 'E01.370.388.100', 'E04.074', 'E05.200.500.384.100', 'E05.200.998.054', 'E05.242.384.100'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['D23.946.123.329'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['G02.111.515', 'G03.295.531.587'], ['D01.248.497.158.685.750.637', 'D01.339.431.374.637', 'D01.650.550.750.600', 'D02.389.338.450', 'D10.440'], ['A04.411'], ['D02.047.700'], ['C01.748.610', 'C08.381.677', 'C08.730.610'], ['C23.550.291.937'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.791'], ['C22.836'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Alternating current electric field effects on neural stem cell viability and differentiation.
|
Methods utilizing stem cells hold tremendous promise for tissue engineering applications; however, many issues must be worked out before these therapies can be routinely applied. Utilization of external cues for preimplantation expansion and differentiation offers a potentially viable approach to the use of stem cells in tissue engineering. The studies reported here focus on the response of murine neural stem cells encapsulated in alginate hydrogel beads to alternating current electric fields. Cell viability and differentiation was studied as a function of electric field magnitude and frequency. We applied fields of frequency (0.1-10) Hz, and found a marked peak in neural stem cell viability under oscillatory electric fields with a frequency of 1 Hz. We also found an enhanced propensity for astrocyte differentiation over neuronal differentiation in the 1 Hz cultures, as compared to the other field frequencies we studied.
|
['Alginates', 'Animals', 'Astrocytes', 'Cell Culture Techniques', 'Cell Differentiation', 'Cell Survival', 'Electromagnetic Fields', 'Glucuronic Acid', 'Hexuronic Acids', 'Hydrogel, Polyethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate', 'Mice', 'Microelectrodes', 'Microscopy, Confocal', 'Microspheres', 'Neurons', 'Particle Size', 'Stem Cells']
| 20,205,161
|
[['D09.698.068'], ['B01.050'], ['A08.637.200', 'A11.650.200'], ['E01.370.225.500.223', 'E05.200.500.265', 'E05.242.223', 'E05.481.500.249'], ['G04.152'], ['G04.346'], ['G01.358.500.260', 'G01.358.750.500'], ['D02.241.081.844.915.162.249', 'D02.241.152.811.162.500', 'D02.241.511.902.915.162.500', 'D09.811.922.162.500'], ['D02.241.081.844.915.400', 'D02.241.152.811.400', 'D02.241.511.902.915.400', 'D09.811.922.400'], ['D02.033.455.250.700.485', 'D05.750.219.500', 'D05.750.741.485', 'D20.280.320.609.500', 'D25.720.532.500', 'D25.720.741.485', 'D26.255.165.320.375.375', 'J01.637.051.720.584.500', 'J01.637.051.720.741.485'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['E07.305.250.500'], ['E01.370.350.515.395', 'E05.595.395'], ['E07.565'], ['A08.675', 'A11.671'], ['G02.712'], ['A11.872']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
CES1A -816C as a genetic marker to predict greater platelet clopidogrel response in patients with percutaneous coronary intervention.
|
This study was designed to determine whether CES1A -816A/C polymorphism could be associated with altered clopidogrel response. Recruited patients were pretreated with 300 mg clopidogrel loading dose before undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention for stenting and genotyped with CYP2C19 *2, *3, or *17, and CES1A -816A/C, respectively. Adenosine diphosphate-induced maximum platelet aggregation (MPA) was determined on day 3 after initiation of daily clopidogrel maintenance doses. The clinical primary end point was the 1-year incidence of definite stent thrombosis (ST). Multivariable linear regression revealed that the CES1A -816A/C polymorphism was independently associated with MPA measures with an absolute â value of 6.76. Of 617 patients, a subcohort of 249 patients not carrying CYP2C19 *2, *3, or *17 were categorized into 3 groups based on the -816A/C genotype. The median MPA value was lower in 125 carriers of the -816C variant than in 124 noncarriers (21.5% vs. 31.7%, P = 0.001). The 1-year definite ST occurred in 7 patients in that subcohort, and only 1 ST case was one of carriers of the -816 A/A that was associated with higher MPA values. The CES1A -816C would be used to predict greater platelet response to clopidogrel than the CES1A -816A in percutaneous coronary intervention-treated patients not carrying CYP2C19 variants.
|
['Adenosine Diphosphate', 'Aged', 'Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases', 'Clopidogrel', 'Cohort Studies', 'Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C19', 'Female', 'Genetic Markers', 'Genetic Variation', 'Genotype', 'Humans', 'Linear Models', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Multivariate Analysis', 'Percutaneous Coronary Intervention', 'Platelet Aggregation', 'Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors', 'Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide', 'Stents', 'Ticlopidine', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 24,508,947
|
[['D03.633.100.759.646.138.124', 'D13.695.667.138.124', 'D13.695.827.068.124'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D08.244.453.005', 'D08.811.682.690.708.170.010', 'D12.776.422.220.453.010'], ['D02.886.778.823.500.500', 'D03.383.725.849.500.500', 'D03.383.903.830.500.500', 'D03.633.100.928.500.500'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['D08.244.453.491.500.700', 'D08.811.682.690.708.170.450.500.700', 'D12.776.422.220.453.491.500.700'], ['D23.101.387', 'G05.695.450'], ['G05.365'], ['G05.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.740.500.500', 'E05.318.740.750.425', 'E05.599.835.750', 'N05.715.360.750.530.460', 'N05.715.360.750.695.460', 'N06.850.520.830.500.500', 'N06.850.520.830.750.425'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.740.150.500', 'N05.715.360.750.125.500', 'N06.850.520.830.150.500'], ['E04.100.814.529.968', 'E04.502.382.968'], ['G09.188.370.687', 'G09.188.390.600.640'], ['D27.505.954.502.780'], ['G05.365.795.598'], ['E07.695.750'], ['D02.886.778.823.500', 'D03.383.725.849.500', 'D03.383.903.830.500', 'D03.633.100.928.500'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Medical toxicology.
|
Chest pain is a manifestation of cocaine toxicity, but whether it is of an ischemic origin is unclear. A reexamination of the role of acetylcysteine in treating acetaminophen overdose has led to substantial changes in the indications for its use.
|
['Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions', 'Humans', 'Toxicology', 'United States']
| 8,182,849
|
[['C25.100'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['H01.158.891', 'H02.884'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
|
Prevalence of abnormal uterine bleeding according to new International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics classification in Chinese women of reproductive age: A cross-sectional study.
|
The PALM-COEIN classification for causes of abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) was proposed by the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) in 2011, which has been gradually applied in the diagnosis of AUB in the past 2 years in China. However, there are no reports yet on the causes of chronic AUB among Chinese women with this new classification system.The purpose of this study was to describe the prevalence of the causes of chronic AUB among Chinese women of reproductive age using the PALM-COIEN classification system.This is a cross-sectional study. Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University.A total of 1053 women aged 15 to 55 years with chronic AUB were evaluated between November 2016 and May 2017.Prevalence of the causes of chronic AUB using the PALM-COEIN classification. AUB-O was the most frequent finding in women with chronic AUB, accounting for 608 (57.7%) cases. AUB-P was found in 171 (16.2%) women, AUB-L in 130 (12%) women, AUB-A in 52 (4.94%) women, AUB-E in 28 (2%) women, AUB-I in 23 (2%) women, AUB-M in 20 (1.9%) women, AUB-C in 10 (1%) women, and AUB-N in 10 (0.9%) women.Ovulatory dysfunction (AUB-O) is the most common cause of AUB among the nonstructural causes. Endometrial polyps (AUB-P) are the most common among the structural causes, followed by uterine fibroids (AUB-L) and uterine adenomyosis (AUB-A).
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Age Distribution', 'China', 'Chronic Disease', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Middle Aged', 'Prevalence', 'Uterine Hemorrhage', 'Young Adult']
| 30,075,511
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['I01.240.050', 'N01.224.033', 'N06.850.505.400.050'], ['Z01.252.474.164'], ['C23.550.291.500'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['C13.351.500.852.691', 'C23.550.414.993'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
[Appropriate treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia; refining the indications for treatment by systematic analysis of expert opinion].
|
OBJECTIVE: To assess systematically the opinion of urology experts regarding the appropriateness of indications for treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and to evaluate the potential use of these expert opinions for the refinement of treatment guidelines.DESIGN: Modified Delphi procedure.METHODS: A panel of 12 Dutch urologists judged the appropriateness of three common treatments (surgery, alpha-adrenergic antagonists, finasteride) for 1152 hypothetical cases of BPH. These cases consisted of all combinations of 9 diagnostic characteristics considered relevant to treatment choice. The study population was restricted to patients for whom current (evidence-based) guidelines do not provide clear indications on the most appropriate treatment. The panel members individually rated the appropriateness of the three active treatments using a 1 to 9 scale, each in comparison with 'watchful waiting'. By combining the results on agreement and appropriateness, aggregate panel judgements were calculated for each indication (appropriate, inappropriate, uncertain). The relationship between diagnostic characteristics and panel opinions was studied using logistic regression methods.RESULTS: For patients without previous treatment for BPH, surgery was considered appropriate in 44% of cases. For alpha-blocking drugs and finasteride, these values were 70% and 3% respectively. Logistic regression analysis revealed a strong and consistent relationship between the several diagnostic characteristics and the panel judgement 'appropriate indication'.CONCLUSION: Systematic analysis of clinical expertise can offer a meaningful contribution to the refinement of indications for BPH treatments.
|
['Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists', 'Delphi Technique', 'Enzyme Inhibitors', 'Finasteride', 'Humans', 'Logistic Models', 'Male', 'Prostatic Hyperplasia', 'Transurethral Resection of Prostate', 'Urology', 'Workforce']
| 10,608,977
|
[['D27.505.519.625.050.200.100', 'D27.505.696.577.050.200.100'], ['L01.906.197'], ['D27.505.519.389'], ['D04.210.500.054.079.500', 'D04.210.500.925.100.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.740.500.525', 'E05.318.740.600.800.450', 'E05.318.740.750.450', 'E05.599.835.875', 'N05.715.360.750.530.480', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.450', 'N05.715.360.750.695.470', 'N06.850.520.830.500.525', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.450', 'N06.850.520.830.750.450'], ['C12.294.565.500'], ['E04.950.774.860.625.750'], ['H02.403.810.860'], ['N04.452.525']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Phospholipid scramblase 1 binds to the promoter region of the inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor type 1 gene to enhance its expression.
|
Phospholipid scramblase 1 (PLSCR1) is a multiply palmitoylated, endofacial membrane protein originally identified based on its capacity to promote accelerated transbilayer phospholipid movement in response to Ca(2+). Recent evidence suggests that this protein also participates in cell response to various growth factors and cytokines, influencing myeloid differentiation, tumor growth, and the antiviral activity of interferon. Whereas plasma membrane PLSCR1 was shown to be required for normal recruitment and activation of Src kinase by stimulated cell surface growth factor receptors, PLSCR1 was also found to traffic into the nucleus and to tightly bind to genomic DNA, suggesting a possible additional nuclear function. We now report evidence that PLSCR1 directly binds to the 5'-promoter region of the inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor type 1 gene (IP3R1) to enhance expression of the receptor. Probing a CpG island genomic library with PLSCR1 as bait identified four clones with avidity for PLSCR1, including a 191-bp fragment of the IP3R1 promoter. Using electrophoretic mobility shift and transcription reporter assays, the PLSCR1-binding site in IP3R1 was mapped to residues (-101)GTAACCATGTGGA(-89), and the segment spanning Met(86)-Glu(118) in PLSCR1 was identified to mediate its transcriptional activity. The significance of this interaction between PLSCR1 and IP3R1 in situ was confirmed by comparing levels of IP3R1 mRNA and protein in matched cells that either expressed or were deficient in PLSCR1. These data suggest that in addition to its role at the plasma membrane, effects of PLSCR1 on cell proliferative and maturational responses may also relate to alterations in expression of cellular IP3 receptors.
|
['Animals', 'Antiviral Agents', 'Base Sequence', 'Binding Sites', 'Blotting, Northern', 'Blotting, Western', 'Calcium', 'Calcium Channels', 'Cell Membrane', 'Cell Nucleus', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Cloning, Molecular', 'CpG Islands', 'DNA, Complementary', 'Fibroblasts', 'Gene Deletion', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic', 'Glutathione Transferase', 'Humans', 'Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptors', 'Membrane Glycoproteins', 'Mice', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Phospholipid Transfer Proteins', 'Phospholipids', 'Promoter Regions, Genetic', 'Protein Binding', 'Protein Structure, Tertiary', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear', 'Transcription, Genetic', 'Transcriptional Activation', 'Transfection', 'src-Family Kinases']
| 16,091,359
|
[['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.122.388'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['G02.111.570.120'], ['E05.196.401.095', 'E05.301.300.074', 'E05.601.100'], ['E05.196.401.143', 'E05.301.300.096', 'E05.478.566.320.200', 'E05.601.262', 'E05.601.470.320.200'], ['D01.268.552.100', 'D01.552.539.288', 'D23.119.100'], ['D12.776.157.530.400.150', 'D12.776.543.550.450.150', 'D12.776.543.585.400.150'], ['A11.284.149'], ['A11.284.430.106', 'A11.284.430.214.190.875.117'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['A11.251'], ['E05.393.220'], ['G02.111.570.080.380.160', 'G05.360.080.380.160', 'G05.360.340.024.159'], ['D13.444.308.497.220', 'D13.444.600.223.500', 'D27.720.470.530.600.223.260'], ['A11.329.228'], ['G05.365.590.762.320', 'G05.558.800.320'], ['G05.308.320'], ['D08.811.913.225.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.157.530.400.150.760', 'D12.776.543.550.450.150.760', 'D12.776.543.585.400.150.760', 'D12.776.826.179'], ['D12.776.395.550', 'D12.776.543.550'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['D12.776.157.674', 'D12.776.543.693'], ['D10.570.755'], ['G02.111.570.080.689.675', 'G05.360.080.689.675', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.750.680'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808'], ['G02.111.570.820.709.610'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['D12.776.826'], ['G02.111.873', 'G05.297.700'], ['G05.308.800'], ['E05.393.350.810', 'G05.728.860'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.800']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Blogs as a way to elicit feedback on research and engage stakeholders.
|
AIM: To reflect on the potential of blogs to enhance engagement with research, create a dialogue between researchers and nurses, and provide feedback to researchers.BACKGROUND: Blogs can create opportunities to share ideas, provide an arena for interaction, and rapidly and effectively initiate dialogue and feedback on research.DATA SOURCES: This paper draws on analysis of comments on a blog post about the findings of a peer-reviewed journal article.REVIEW METHODS: Content analysis of web blog discussion.DISCUSSION: It is unclear if the readers of the blog would have accessed this article any other way. Therefore, posting research findings on a blog can engage a new audience of nurses and provide a way to feed back comments and responses to researchers. This highlights the potential value of online forums for 'knowledge translation' and draws attention to virtual collegiality, which can provide a way for nurses in diverse locations to share their experiences and ideas, and gain support and information.CONCLUSION: Research findings were brought to life through the participation of blog commenters, who validated findings reported in the research.IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE/RESEARCH: Given the rapid uptake of social media, it is inevitable that it will become an increasingly important feature of research. This paper demonstrates how the nexus can occur between more formal social enquiry and less formal engagement in critique and knowledge translation. The authors argue that the rapid uptake and exchange of information through social media can provide an indication of the social relevance of the research.
|
['Feedback', 'Internet', 'Nursing Research']
| 25,587,866
|
[['L01.906.394.211'], ['L01.224.230.110.500'], ['H01.770.644.145.390', 'H02.478.395', 'N04.590.233.508.613']]
|
['Information Science [L]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Effects of colestipol, clofibrate, and placebo on plasma lipoproteins of patients with hypercholesterolemia.
|
To evaluate the effectiveness of colestipol and clofibrate in patients with hypercholesterolemia and normal concentrations of triglycerides, 27 patients were randomized into three groups, and colestipol, clofibrate, and avicel powder placebo were compared for effects on concentration of total plasma lipid and lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride in a single blind protocol over 8 mo. Mean pretreatment values for low density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) triglyceride were 250 mg/dl and 68 mg/dl, respectively. Colestipol (30 g/day) lowered total- and LDL-cholesterol by 25% and 31%k, respectively, while VLDL-triglyceride rose. Overall clofibrate lowered total- and LDL-cholesterol by 13% and 12% while lowering VLDL-triglyceride 21% and VLDL cholesterol by 50%. For clofibrate, certain patients showed a more pronounced effect than others: in seven of nine patients clofibrate lowered both mean total- and LDL-cholesterol by 17% (range 8% to 31%) and 19% (range 10%--44%) respectively, whereas two patients did not respond to clofibrate. High density lipoproteins were not affected by either colestipol or clofibrate in these patients. Thus, while colestipol was more consistently effective, certain hypercholesterolemic patients responded equally well to clofibrate with substantial lowering of total-, LDL-, and VLDL-cholesterol.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Cholesterol', 'Clofibrate', 'Colestipol', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hyperlipoproteinemia Type II', 'Lipids', 'Lipoproteins', 'Lipoproteins, LDL', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Placebos', 'Polyamines', 'Random Allocation']
| 7,464,561
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D04.210.500.247.222.284', 'D04.210.500.247.808.197', 'D10.570.938.208'], ['D02.241.081.114.968.500.500.195', 'D02.355.726.305.500.195', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.654.305.500.195'], ['D02.092.782.200', 'D05.750.200', 'D25.720.200', 'J01.637.051.720.200'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C16.320.565.398.481', 'C18.452.584.500.500.644.475', 'C18.452.648.398.481'], ['D10'], ['D10.532', 'D12.776.521'], ['D10.532.515', 'D12.776.521.550'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D26.660', 'E02.785'], ['D02.092.782'], ['E05.318.370.700', 'E05.581.500.805', 'N05.715.360.325.675', 'N06.850.520.445.700']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Cell-free synthesis, proteolytic processing, core glycosylation, and amino terminal sequence of rabbit pre-alpha-lactalbumin.
|
Two different forms of alpha-lactalbumin were isolated from rabbit milk and partially characterized. The major and the minor species had apparent molecular weights of 18000 and 14000, respectively, according to their electrophoretic mobilities on SDS polyacrylamide gels. Analyses of their amino acid compositions and amino-and carboxy-terminal sequences did not reveal any difference, but sugar analysis showed the occurrence of carbohydrates in the major species. Rabbit alpha-lactalbumin was synthesized in a cell-free translation system as a precursor with an amino terminal extension of 19 amino acid residues whose primary structure is rather different from those of its ovine and porcine counterparts, in contrast with the extensive similarity so far observed between the known signals of homologous milk proteins. When mammary microsomal membranes were added during translation, the preprotein was converted to authentic alpha-lactalbumin, as demonstrated by amino terminal sequence analyses. However, one of the two processed forms migrated more slowly than pre-alpha-lactalbumin on SDS polyacrylamide gels and this was related to the occurrence of carbohydrates: only the "slower moving" polypeptide was specifically adsorbed on concanavalin A Sepharose and its electrophoretic mobility was enhanced after treatment with endoglycosidase H, an enzyme known to remove clustered mannosyl residues linked to di-N-acetylchitobiose. It was also observed that the rate of translocation of alpha-lactalbumin across the microsomal membrane was lower than that of beta-casein.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Animals', 'Carbohydrate Metabolism', 'Cell-Free System', 'Female', 'Intracellular Membranes', 'Lactalbumin', 'Mammary Glands, Animal', 'Microsomes', 'Milk', 'Molecular Weight', 'Pregnancy', 'Protein Biosynthesis', 'Protein Precursors', 'Rabbits']
| 6,821,155
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['B01.050'], ['G02.111.158', 'G03.191'], ['A11.284.835.168'], ['A11.284.149.450', 'A11.284.835.514'], ['D12.776.034.398', 'D12.776.256.159.750.816.250'], ['A10.336.482', 'A13.589'], ['A11.284.835.540'], ['A12.200.455', 'A12.790', 'G07.203.100.700', 'G07.203.300.350.525', 'J02.200.700', 'J02.500.350.525'], ['G02.494'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['G02.111.660.871', 'G03.734.871', 'G05.297.670'], ['D12.776.811'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.968.700']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Nosocomial spread of Haemophilus influenzae type b infection documented by outer membrane protein subtype analysis.
|
This report provides evidence of nosocomial transmission of Haemophilus influenzae type b infection between two children in an acute care hospital. In the past, transmission of infection between these children would have gone unrecognized, because the isolates from the respective cases differed in susceptibility to ampicillin. However, the outer membrane protein profile of the two isolates was identical and has previously been observed in less than 2% of type b Haemophilus isolates from patients with invasive disease in the St. Louis area. Thus the likelihood is very low that these two children were both infected with this strain by chance alone (P less than 0.0004). From previous experience, the risk of transmission of Haemophilus in an acute care setting would appear to be very low. However, nosocomial transmission may occasionally occur.
|
['Ampicillin', 'Bacterial Proteins', 'Child, Preschool', 'Cross Infection', 'Female', 'Haemophilus Infections', 'Haemophilus influenzae', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Male', 'Membrane Proteins', 'Penicillin Resistance']
| 6,602,214
|
[['D02.065.589.099.750.750.050', 'D02.886.108.750.750.050', 'D03.633.100.300.750.750.050'], ['D12.776.097'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['C01.248', 'C23.550.291.875.500'], ['C01.150.252.400.700.433'], ['B03.440.450.600.450.330', 'B03.660.250.550.290.330'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['D12.776.543'], ['G06.099.225.500.600', 'G06.225.347.500.600', 'G07.690.773.984.269.347.500.600']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
A manifold support for molecular genetic reactions.
|
Large numbers of samples can be efficiently processed through sequential reaction steps using a 96-pronged support that projects into individual microtiter wells. The support was constructed by creating a porous surface on a disposable polystyrene manifold, with avidin coupled to this greatly expanded surface. The shape and high binding capacity of the device allow the parallel transfer of large sets of reaction intermediates between different binding or enzymatic processing steps. We have applied the support to increase the efficiency of preparative and analytical molecular genetic reactions. The support also reduce the risks of sample mix-up and contamination in applications such as PCR and DNA sequencing.
|
['Avidin', 'Bacterial Proteins', 'Biotin', 'DNA', 'Kinetics', 'Molecular Biology', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Polystyrenes', 'Sepharose', 'Streptavidin']
| 8,323,026
|
[['D12.776.034.614.300', 'D12.776.256.159.157.663.300', 'D12.776.290.663.100', 'D12.776.395.175'], ['D12.776.097'], ['D03.383.129.308.080', 'D08.211.096'], ['D13.444.308'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['H01.158.201.636', 'H01.158.273.343.595', 'H01.181.122.650'], ['E05.393.620.500'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.150.750.800.830', 'D05.750.716.579', 'D25.720.716.579', 'J01.637.051.720.716.579'], ['D09.698.813'], ['D12.776.097.835']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Morphological properties of surface-treated carbon nanotubes in cement-based composites.
|
The morphological properties of the multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) reinforced Portland cement composites were investigated. MWCNTs with addition of up to 0.15 wt% of cement were incorporated to Portland cement with a water to cement ratio of 0.35. The porosity and pore size distribution of the composites were measured by mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP), and the results indicate that the cement doped with MWCNTs obtained lower porosity and concentrated pore size distribution. The microstructure was analyzed by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). It is shown that MWCNTs act as bridges and networks across cracks and voids.
|
['Adhesives', 'Crystallization', 'Macromolecular Substances', 'Materials Testing', 'Molecular Conformation', 'Nanotubes, Carbon', 'Particle Size', 'Porosity', 'Surface Properties']
| 23,421,224
|
[['D27.720.013', 'J01.637.016'], ['E05.196.300', 'G02.171'], ['D05'], ['E05.570'], ['G02.111.570.820'], ['D01.268.150.250.500', 'J01.637.512.850.500'], ['G02.712'], ['G01.374.710'], ['G02.860']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Curcumin-mediated photodynamic inactivation of Candida albicans in a murine model of oral candidiasis.
|
In vitro investigations of curcumin-mediated photodynamic therapy (PDT) are encouraging, but there is a lack of reliable in vivo evidence of its efficacy. This study describes the photoinactivation of Candida albicans in a murine model of oral candidiasis, using curcumin as a photosensitizer. Forty immunosuppressed mice were orally inoculated with C. albicans and after five days, they received topical curcumin (20, 40 and 80 ìM) and illumination with LED light. The use of curcumin or light alone were also investigated. Positive control animals did not receive any treatment and negative control animals were not inoculated with C. albicans. The number of surviving yeast cells was determined and analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey's post-hoc test (á = 0.05). Histological evaluation of the presence of yeast and inflammatory reaction was also conducted. All exposures to curcumin with LED light caused a significant reduction in C. albicans viability after PDT, but the use of 80 ìM curcumin associated with light was able to induce the highest log10 reduction in colony counts (4 logs). It was concluded that curcumin-mediated PDT proved to be effective for in vivo inactivation of C. albicans without harming the host tissue of mice.
|
['Administration, Topical', 'Animals', 'Candida albicans', 'Candidiasis, Oral', 'Colony Count, Microbial', 'Curcumin', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Female', 'Light', 'Mice', 'Photochemotherapy', 'Photosensitizing Agents', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 22,934,533
|
[['E02.319.267.120'], ['B01.050'], ['B01.300.107.795.095.326', 'B01.300.381.147.326', 'B01.300.930.176.326'], ['C01.150.703.160.180', 'C07.465.130'], ['E01.370.225.875.220', 'E05.200.875.220'], ['D02.455.326.146.485.222.222', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.200', 'D02.455.426.559.694.222'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['G01.358.500.505.650', 'G01.590.540', 'G01.750.250.650', 'G01.750.770.578'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['E02.186.500', 'E02.319.685', 'E02.774.722'], ['D27.505.954.444.600', 'D27.505.954.600.710'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Frontal N30 potential following a sustained voluntary movement.
|
With 6 male subjects we investigated whether the decreased amplitude in the frontal N30 potential of Somatosensory Evoked Potentials is related to a sustained voluntary movement or not. We concluded that the diminution of frontal N30 was also closely related to the sustained voluntary movement.
|
['Evoked Potentials, Somatosensory', 'Frontal Lobe', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Movement']
| 8,570,337
|
[['G07.265.216.500.400', 'G11.561.200.500.400'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.270'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G07.568', 'G11.427.410']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Activation of the dentate nucleus in a verb generation task: A 7T MRI study.
|
There is increasing evidence of a topographic organization within the human cerebellar cortex for motor and non-motor functions. Likewise, a subdivision of the dentate nucleus in a more dorsal and rostral motor domain and a more ventral and caudal non-motor domain has been proposed by Dum and Strick (2003) based on anatomical studies in monkey. In humans, however, very little is known about topographic organization within the dentate nucleus. Activation of the dentate nucleus in a verb generation task was examined in young and healthy subjects using ultra-highfield 7T functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) with its increase in signal-to-noise ratio. Data of 17 subjects were included in statistical analysis. Subjects were asked to (i) read words (nouns) aloud presented on a screen, (ii) silently read the same nouns, (iii) silently generate the appropriate verbs to the same nouns and (iv) to silently repeat the names of the months. A block design was used. For image processing, a recently developed region of interest (ROI) driven normalization method of the dentate nuclei was applied. Activation related to motor speech (contrast aloud reading minus silent reading) was strongest in the rostral parts of the dentate nucleus. Dorsorostral activations were present bilaterally. Activation related to verb generation (contrast verb generation minus silent reading) was found in the ventrocaudal parts of the dentate nucleus on the right. The present findings are in good accordance with the anatomical data in monkeys and suggest that the human dentate nucleus can be subdivided into a rostral and more dorsal motor domain and a ventrocaudal non-motor domain.
|
['Adult', 'Brain', 'Brain Mapping', 'Cerebellar Nuclei', 'Humans', 'Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Speech', 'Young Adult']
| 21,640,191
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['A08.186.211'], ['E01.370.350.578.875.500', 'E01.370.376.537.625.500', 'E05.629.875.500'], ['A08.186.211.132.810.428.200.337'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.158.600', 'E01.370.350.350', 'L01.313.500.750.100.158.600'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['F01.145.209.908.677', 'G11.561.812', 'L01.559.423.676'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
[Overexpression of p27(KIP1) induced by Bak gene leads to the arrest in G(1) phase of HCC-9204 cell line].
|
OBJECTIVE: To explore whether p27(KIP1) plays an important role in prolonging cell cycle in G(1) phase and leading to apoptosis of HCC-9204 cells.METHODS: A model of Bak-induced cell cycle arrest in G(1) phase and subsequent apoptosis was established. p27(KIP1) was obtained from the model and sequenced afterwards. A zinc inducible p27(KIP1) stable transfectant was constructed. The effects of inducible p27(KIP1) on cell growth and cell cycle arrest were examined in control pMD and pMD-KIP1 transfected HCC-9204 cells. Western blot was performed to evaluate the expression of p27(KIP1).RESULTS: The cell growth was reduced by 35% upon 48h of p27(KIP1) induction with zinc treatment as determined by trypan blue exclusion assay. p27(KIP1) caused cell cycle arrest at 24h after induction, with 40% increase in G(1) population.CONCLUSIONS: Bak may induce cell cycle arrest in G(1) phase through up-regulating expression of p27(KIP1). The inducible p27(KIP1)-expressing cells provide a model to assess p27(KIP1) function.
|
['Apoptosis', 'Carcinoma, Hepatocellular', 'Cell Cycle Proteins', 'Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p27', 'G1 Phase', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic', 'Humans', 'Liver Neoplasms', 'Membrane Proteins', 'Tumor Cells, Cultured', 'Tumor Suppressor Proteins', 'bcl-2 Homologous Antagonist-Killer Protein']
| 11,509,132
|
[['G04.146.954.035'], ['C04.557.470.200.025.255', 'C04.588.274.623.160', 'C06.301.623.160', 'C06.552.697.160'], ['D12.776.167'], ['D12.644.360.225.600', 'D12.776.167.187.600', 'D12.776.476.225.600', 'D12.776.624.776.355.600'], ['G04.144.500.320'], ['G05.308.370'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.588.274.623', 'C06.301.623', 'C06.552.697'], ['D12.776.543'], ['A11.251.860'], ['D12.776.624.776'], ['D12.644.360.075.718.750', 'D12.776.476.075.718.425']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Risk factors in community-acquired chronic hepatitis C virus infection: a case-control study in Italy.
|
AIMS/METHODS: A case-control study was carried out in Italy to assess the risk factors associated with chronic hepatitis C virus infection. Five hundred consecutive chronic anti-hepatitis C virus positive cases and 500 sex and exactly age-matched anti-hepatitis C virus negative/HBsAg negative controls entered the study. Information was collected through an interviewer-administered questionnaire. The adjusted Odds Ratios linking hepatitis C virus infection and risk factors were estimated by conditional multiple logistic regression. Demographic and socio-economic characteristics were similar in cases and controls. Seventy-five percent of patients were aged over 40: males were prominent in the group < or = 40, while the number of females increased with age.RESULTS: As expected, drug addiction and blood transfusion emerged as independent risk factors: blood transfusion in all ages and in both sexes, drug addiction only in subjects under 41 years and mostly in males. Other risk factors independently associated with hepatitis C virus infection were: previous use of non-disposable needles, previous tuberculosis, and prolonged hospitalization before 1970. A history of sexually-transmitted diseases was not associated.CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that the great spread of hepatitis C virus in Italy may have occurred several years ago through parenteral routes which are not now operating. Modern hygienic and sanitation measures have significantly controlled exposure to the infection, which in the younger generations is confined to high-risk groups such as drug addicts.
|
['Adult', 'Age Distribution', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Chronic Disease', 'Community-Acquired Infections', 'Female', 'Hepatitis C', 'Humans', 'Italy', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Odds Ratio', 'Risk Factors', 'Sex Distribution']
| 8,907,564
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['I01.240.050', 'N01.224.033', 'N06.850.505.400.050'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['C23.550.291.500'], ['C01.234'], ['C01.221.250.750', 'C01.925.440.440', 'C01.925.782.350.350', 'C06.552.380.705.440'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.542.489'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.740.600.600', 'G17.680.500', 'N05.715.360.750.625.590', 'N06.850.520.830.600.600'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['I01.240.800', 'N01.224.803', 'N06.850.505.400.850']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
High aspect ratio materials: role of surface chemistry vs. length in the historical "long and short amosite asbestos fibers".
|
In nanotoxicology the question arises whether high aspect ratio materials should be regarded as potentially pathogenic like asbestos, merely on the base of their biopersistence and length to diameter ratio. A higher pathogenicity of long asbestos fibers is associated to their slower clearance and frustrated phagocytosis. In the past decades, two amosite fibers were prepared and studied to confirm the role of fiber length in asbestos toxicity. Long fiber amosite (LFA) and short fiber amosite (SFA) have here been revisited, to check differences in their surface properties, known to modulate the biological responses elicited. We report: (i) micromorphology (abundance of exposed cylindrical vs. truncated surfaces; (ii) surface reactivity (oxidation and coordination state of surface iron, free radical generation and oxidizing potential); (iii) activation of nitric oxide (NO) synthase in lung epithelial cells, as representative of an inflammatory cell response. LFA shows a higher free radical yield, stimulates, more than SFA, NO production by cells and reacts with ascorbic acid, thus depriving the lung lining layer of its antioxidant defenses. The higher activity of LFA than SFA is ascribed to the presence of Fe2+ ions poorly coordinated to the surface. SFA shows only a large number of loosely bound Fe3+ ions, pristine Fe2+ ions having been oxidized during the grinding process converting LFA into SFA. Several factors determine a higher toxicity of LFA than SFA, beside length. The lesson from asbestos indicates that other features besides aspect ratio contribute to the pathogenic potential of a fiber type. All these aspects should be considered when predicting the possible hazard associated to any new fibrous material proposed to the market, let alone nanofibers.
|
['Alveolar Epithelial Cells', 'Asbestos, Amosite', 'Ascorbic Acid', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Crystallography, X-Ray', 'Enzyme Activation', 'Free Radicals', 'Humans', 'Iron', 'Nanotechnology', 'Nitric Oxide Synthase', 'Oxidants', 'Particle Size', 'Spectrum Analysis, Raman', 'Surface Properties']
| 20,718,637
|
[['A04.411.715.100', 'A11.436.081'], ['D01.524.500.040', 'D01.578.725.050.050.050', 'D01.578.725.500.040', 'D01.837.725.700.760.070.050.060', 'D01.837.725.700.760.535.040'], ['D02.241.081.844.107', 'D02.241.511.902.107', 'D09.811.100'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['E05.196.309.742.225'], ['G02.111.263', 'G03.328'], ['D01.339', 'D02.389'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D01.268.556.412', 'D01.268.956.287', 'D01.552.544.412'], ['H01.603', 'J01.897.520.600'], ['D08.811.682.664.500.772'], ['D27.720.642', 'D27.888.569.540'], ['G02.712'], ['E05.196.822.860', 'E05.196.867.890'], ['G02.860']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Comparison of olanexidine versus povidone-iodine for preventing surgical site infection in gastrointestinal surgery: study protocol for a multicentre, single-blind, randomised controlled clinical trial.
|
INTRODUCTION: The prevalence of surgical site infection (SSI) remains higher in gastrointestinal surgery than in other surgeries. Although several guidelines have indicated the efficacy of chlorhexidine and povidone-iodine in reducing the SSI rate, the optimal recommendation has still not been established. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the more effective antiseptic for surgical site preparation. Olanexidine (1.5% olanedine, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Factory, Tokushima, Japan), which is a new antiseptic in Japan, has antimicrobial activity against a wide range of bacteria, including Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Our study will contribute to determining a new antiseptic for use in gastrointestinal and other surgeries.METHODS AND ANALYSIS: We propose a multicentre, randomised controlled clinical trial for comparing two treatments, that is, 1.5% olanexidine or 10% povidone-iodine, for surgical skin preparation to prevent SSI in clean-contaminated gastrointestinal surgeries with surgical wounds. Patients aged ?20 years at the time of consent will be included. The primary outcome measure is the 30-day postoperative SSI rate. For the primary analysis, which is aimed at comparing the treatment effects, the adjusted risk ratio and its 95% CI will be estimated using the Mantel-Haenszel method.ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: The protocol was first approved by the Institutional Review Board of Keio University School of Medicine, followed by the institutional review board of each participating site. Participant recruitment began in June 2018. The final results will be published in international peer-reviewed medical journals.TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: UMIN 000031560; Pre-results.
|
['Anti-Infective Agents, Local', 'Biguanides', 'Digestive System Surgical Procedures', 'Humans', 'Povidone-Iodine', 'Research Design', 'Surgical Wound Infection']
| 31,142,533
|
[['D27.505.954.122.187'], ['D02.078.370.141'], ['E04.210'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D01.475.557.500', 'D02.455.326.271.884.533.710', 'D03.383.773.812.615.630', 'D05.750.716.721.838.745', 'D25.720.716.721.838.745', 'J01.637.051.720.716.721.838.745'], ['E05.581.500', 'H01.770.644.728'], ['C01.947.692', 'C23.550.767.925']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Follow up and evaluation of the Victorian first-trimester combined screening programme for Down syndrome and trisomy 18.
|
OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to follow up and evaluate the statewide first-trimester combined screening programme for Down syndrome and trisomy 18 at Genetic Health Services Victoria, Australia.DESIGN: Retrospective population cohort.SETTING: Maternal Serum Screening Laboratory records.SAMPLE: All women screened between February 2000 and June 2002 (16,153 pregnancies).METHODS: Screening results were matched to Victorian perinatal and birth defect data via record linkage, with an ascertainment of 96.8% of pregnancy outcomes. Manual follow up with health professionals increased ascertainment to more than 99%.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Fetal Down syndrome or trisomy 18, and combined screen results, to calculate test characteristics.RESULTS: Using a risk threshold of 1 in 300 at time of ultrasound, the sensitivities for standard first-trimester combined screening and augmented 13-week combined screening for Down syndrome were 87.3 and 90.5% and the false-positive rates (FPR) were 4.1 and 3.9%, respectively. The sensitivity for trisomy 18 was 66.7% (10/15, 95% CI 42.8-90.5%) with a 0.4% FPR and 15.2% positive predictive value (1 in 250 risk threshold).CONCLUSIONS: The combined use of record linkage and manual follow-up techniques was effective in ascertaining more than 99% of pregnancy outcomes for calculations of accurate test characteristics of the combined screen. The sensitivity for Down syndrome at Genetic Health is comparable to similar populations. However, the sensitivity for trisomy 18 is lower than that elsewhere, which may reflect the overall low birth prevalence of trisomy 18 and associated small numbers in this particular cohort.
|
['Adult', 'Chromosomes, Human, Pair 18', 'Cohort Studies', 'Down Syndrome', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Genetic Testing', 'Humans', 'Maternal Age', 'Pregnancy', 'Pregnancy Trimester, First', 'Prenatal Diagnosis', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Risk Factors', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Trisomy', 'Victoria']
| 17,501,960
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['A11.284.187.520.300.415.430', 'G05.360.162.520.300.415.430'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['C10.597.606.360.220', 'C16.131.077.327', 'C16.131.260.260', 'C16.320.180.260'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['E01.370.225.562', 'E05.200.562', 'E05.393.435', 'N02.421.308.430', 'N02.421.726.233.221'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G08.686.560', 'N05.715.350.075.550', 'N06.850.490.250.550'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['G08.686.707.408'], ['E01.370.378.630'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['C23.550.210.050.750', 'C23.550.210.182.500', 'G05.365.590.175.050.750', 'G05.365.590.175.183.500', 'G05.700.131.750'], ['Z01.639.100.992', 'Z01.678.100.373.992']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Factors impacting self-perceived readiness for residency training: results of a national survey of postgraduate year 1 residents.
|
OBJECTIVE: To examine the factors impacting postgraduate year 1 (PGY1) residents' self-perceived readiness for residency.METHODS: A total of 1801 residents who matched in American Society of Health-System Pharmacists (ASHP)-accredited PGY1 programs were e-mailed individualized invitations to take an online survey. The survey collected self-ratings of readiness for residency training competencies including time management and organization, foundational knowledge, clinical practice, project management, and communication.KEY FINDINGS: Data from 556 completed surveys were analyzed. Residents agreed they were ready to perform activities requiring time management and organization (median = 4, mean = 4.08), foundational knowledge (median = 4, mean = 3.83), clinical practice (median = 4, mean = 3.67), and communication (median = 4, mean = 4.05). Residents who completed at least 1 academic advance pharmacy practice experience (APPE), 5 clinical APPEs, or held a bachelors degree felt more confident than their counterparts in regard to project management (P < .001, <.001, and .01, respectively).CONCLUSION: PGY1 residents generally felt prepared for time management and organization, foundational knowledge, and communication residency training competencies. This was significant for those who completed 1 or more academic APPEs, 5 or more clinical rotations, or a bachelors degree. Study results may assist pharmacy schools in preparing students for residency training, prospective resident applicants in becoming more competitive candidates for residency programs, and residency program directors in resident selection.
|
['Adult', 'Clinical Competence', 'Communication', 'Education, Pharmacy, Graduate', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Knowledge', 'Male', 'Pharmacy Residencies', 'Prospective Studies', 'Self Efficacy', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Time Factors']
| 24,674,909
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['I02.399.630.210', 'N04.761.210', 'N05.715.175'], ['F01.145.209', 'L01.143'], ['I02.358.337.550', 'I02.358.525.483'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['K01.468'], ['I02.358.525.741', 'I02.358.750.500'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['F01.752.747.792.700'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Exploring association between gastrointestinal heat retention syndrome and recurrent respiratory tract infections in children: a prospective cohort study.
|
BACKGROUND: Recurrent respiratory tract infections (RRTIs) have a negative impact on both children's health and family wellbeing. Deficiency of ZhengQi used to be an instinct factor driving RRTI in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). Our clinical observations suggest that children with gastrointestinal heat retention syndrome (GHRS) may have a greater risk of catching respiratory tract infections (RTIs). GHRS is a new predisposing factor for RRTI and it is dietary related. This study is aimed to explore association between GHRS and RRTI.METHODS: A prospective cohort study has been conducted in Beijing, China; children aged 1-18 were enrolled. TCM symptoms, demographic and physiological characteristics were recorded by using semi-structured questionnaire. GHRS was considered as a predisposing factor. Children were followed up for next 12 months. We contacted with their parents using a face-to-face questionnaire survey, via email or phone every 3 months. Episodes of RTIs were recorded in detail.RESULTS: Three hundred thirty four children were enrolled and 307 (91.92%) followed up for 12 months. The incidence of RTI was 4.32 episodes per child-year (95 % CI 4.03-4.61). 69 (43.13%) children in the group with GHRS suffered from RRTI; there were 48 (32.65%) children in group without GHRS. The risk ratio (RR) value of RRTI occurrence was 1.32 (95 % CI 0.91-1.91, P = 0.139), and the attributable risk percent (AR%) was 24.28%. Dry stool and irritability were positively correlated with RTI episodes, age and BMI were negatively correlated with RTI episodes in a linear regression model. Dry stool (OR = 1.510) was positively correlated with RRTI occurrence, age (OR = 0.889) and BMI (OR = 0.858) were negatively correlated with RRTI occurrence in our logistic regression model.CONCLUSIONS: GHRS is associated with RRTI in this cohort. Dry stool was positively associated with RRTI, and BMI was negatively associated with RRTI. Studies with larger sample size and longer follow up are needed to further evaluate this association. Relieving GHRS should be considered when TCM practitioners treat RRTI children, and this may protect children from suffering RTIs.TRIAL REGISTRATION: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry Number: ChiCTR-CCH-13003756.
|
['Beijing', 'Body Mass Index', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Feces', 'Female', 'Gastrointestinal Tract', 'Hot Temperature', 'Humans', 'Incidence', 'Logistic Models', 'Male', 'Medicine, Chinese Traditional', 'Prospective Studies', 'Qi', 'Recurrence', 'Respiratory Tract Infections', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Syndrome']
| 26,921,252
|
[['Z01.252.474.164.225', 'Z01.433.114'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.125', 'E05.041.124.125', 'G07.100.100.125', 'N06.850.505.200.100.175'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['A12.459'], ['A03.556'], ['G01.906.595.543', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710.380', 'G16.500.750.775.710.380', 'N06.230.300.100.725.232', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.375', 'N01.224.935.597.500', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.375', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.375'], ['E05.318.740.500.525', 'E05.318.740.600.800.450', 'E05.318.740.750.450', 'E05.599.835.875', 'N05.715.360.750.530.480', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.450', 'N05.715.360.750.695.470', 'N06.850.520.830.500.525', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.450', 'N06.850.520.830.750.450'], ['E02.190.488.585.520', 'I01.076.201.450.654.558.520'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['I01.076.201.450.654.558.520.300', 'K01.752.730'], ['C23.550.291.937'], ['C01.748', 'C08.730'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['C23.550.288.500']]
|
['Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
A grape and wine chemodiversity comparison of different appellations in Burgundy: vintage vs terroir effects.
|
This study aimed at assessing the ability of high resolution Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance - Mass Spectrometry (FTICR-MS) to differentiate grapes and corresponding wines from distinct vineyards managed by a same producer, according to complex chemical fingerprints. Grape extracts (at harvest) and corresponding wines from four different vineyards, sampled immediately after the alcoholic fermentation over three successive vintages, were analysed by FTICR-MS. Thousands of metabolites that are specific to a given vintage, or a given class (wine, skin or must) could be revealed, thus emphasising a strong vintage effect. The same wines were reanalyzed after a few years in bottle. Within the frame of this study, FTICR-MS along with multivariate statistical analyses could reveal significant terroir-discriminant families of metabolites from geographically close - though distinct - vineyards, but only after a few years of bottle ageing. It is supposed that the chemical composition of a wine holds memories of various environmental factors that have impacted its metabolic baggage at the moment of its elaboration. For the first time, such preliminary results indicate that non-targeted experiments can reveal such memories through terroir-related metabolic signatures of wines on a regional-scale that can potentially be as small as the countless "climats" of Burgundy.
|
['Food Handling', 'Fruit', 'Mass Spectrometry', 'Plant Extracts', 'Vitis', 'Wine']
| 24,444,912
|
[['J01.576.423.200'], ['A18.024.500', 'G07.203.300.562', 'J02.500.562'], ['E05.196.566'], ['D20.215.784.500', 'D26.667'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.965.500'], ['G07.203.100.100.900', 'G07.203.200.887', 'J02.200.100.900', 'J02.350.887']]
|
['Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Multi-charged bis(p-calixarene)/pillararene functionalized gold nanoparticles for ultra-sensitive sensing of butyrylcholinesterase.
|
A series of supramolecular assemblies based on multi-charged calixarene (SC4A), bis(p-calixarene) (BSC4A) and pillararene (CP5A) modified gold nanoparticles (AuNP) was constructed to realize colorimetric sensing of both succinylcholine (SuCh) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE). With the high binding affinity of BSC4A and CP5A towards SuCh, BSC4A-AuNPs and CP5A-AuNPs could assemble with micromolar level SuCh as SuCh-BSC4A/CP5A-AuNPs. More interestingly, the enzymatic hydrolysis of SuCh by BChE could lead to the disassembly of SuCh-BSC4A/CP5A-AuNPs and provide a sensitive time-dependent color change from blue to red which could be observed by the naked eye and used to monitor BChE activity. As BChE activity is an important biomarker for diseases and poor health conditions, this novel supramolecular tandem colorimetric sensing strategy may have potential use for early diagnosis of diseases.
|
['Biosensing Techniques', 'Butyrylcholinesterase', 'Calixarenes', 'Colorimetry', 'Coloring Agents', 'Gold', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Kinetics', 'Metal Nanoparticles', 'Succinylcholine', 'Surface Properties']
| 31,613,305
|
[['E05.601.043'], ['D08.811.277.352.100.170.250'], ['D04.345.025'], ['E05.196.922.250'], ['D27.720.233'], ['D01.268.556.322', 'D01.268.956.186', 'D01.552.544.322'], ['G02.300'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['J01.637.512.600.500'], ['D02.092.877.883.333.780', 'D02.241.081.337.759.875', 'D02.675.276.232.780'], ['G02.860']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Massage therapy services for healthcare: a telephone focus group study of drivers for clients' continued use of services.
|
OBJECTIVE: To explore opinions of why clients use, value and continue to seek massage therapy as a healthcare option.DESIGN: Telephone focus group methodology was used. Current and repeat users (n = 19) of either relaxation, remedial or sports massage therapy services participated in three telephone focus groups. Audiotaped semi-structured interviews were conducted.SETTING: Telephone focus group with massage clients from provincial and urban localities in New Zealand.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Summary of reported themes of the massage experience and suggested drivers for return to, or continuing with massage therapy. Data were transcribed, categorised (NVivo7) and thematically analysed using the general inductive approach.RESULTS: Key drivers for return to, or continuing with, massage therapy were: positive outcomes, expectations of goals being met, a regular appointment and the massage therapy culture.CONCLUSIONS: Massage therapy is perceived and valued as a personalised, holistic and hands-on approach to health management, which focuses on enhancing relaxation in conjunction with effective touch, within a positive client-therapist relationship and a pleasant non-rushed environment. Massage therapy as a health service is result and client driven but is reinforced by the culture of the experience.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Appointments and Schedules', 'Female', 'Focus Groups', 'Humans', 'Interviews as Topic', 'Male', 'Massage', 'Middle Aged', 'New Zealand', 'Patient Acceptance of Health Care', 'Social Conformity', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Young Adult']
| 19,942,108
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['N04.452.095'], ['E05.318.308.112', 'N05.715.360.300.269', 'N06.850.520.308.112'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.420', 'L01.399.250.520', 'N05.715.360.300.400', 'N06.850.520.308.420'], ['E02.190.599.750.750', 'E02.779.867.880.750', 'E02.831.535.867.880.750'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['Z01.639.760.747', 'Z01.678.100.747'], ['F01.100.150.750.500', 'F01.145.488.887.500', 'N05.300.150.800.500'], ['F01.145.813.625'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Acute crystal deposition arthritis of the pubic symphysis.
|
A 68-year-old woman presented with an acute onset of lower abdominal pain. A CT scan of the pelvis showed acute crystal deposition arthritis, and her symptoms markedly reduced with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Further, a radiographic evaluation of the right knee joint and CT of the cervical spine revealed calcification; calcium pyrophosphate (CPP) crystals were identified in the synovial fluid of the right knee. This established the diagnosis of CPP crystal deposition disease, while the inflammation of the pubic symphysis was considered as acute crystal deposition arthritis related to calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystal deposition. Acute crystal deposition arthritis of the pubic symphysis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of lower abdominal pain.
|
['Abdominal Pain', 'Aged', 'Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal', 'Cervical Vertebrae', 'Chondrocalcinosis', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Knee Joint', 'Pubic Symphysis', 'Tomography, X-Ray']
| 23,595,192
|
[['C23.888.592.612.054', 'C23.888.821.030'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D27.505.696.663.850.014.040.500', 'D27.505.954.158.030', 'D27.505.954.329.030'], ['A02.835.232.834.151'], ['C05.550.114.264', 'C05.550.354.125'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A02.835.583.475'], ['A02.835.583.656'], ['E01.370.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Morphological and biochemical studies on the effect of agents with liver protecting properties.
|
The liver protective effect of Aicaphosphate in CC1(4)-induced acute, as well as CC1(4)-and thioacetamide-induced subacute and chronic liver damages is demonstrated. The effect of the protective drugs was studied in the forms of pre-, simultaneous and delayed treatment in acute and chronic liver damages induced by various toxic agents. The degree of liver damage was determined by morphological and biochemical methods, complementary to each other. For the completion of histological studies and morphometry used for the determination of the degree of fibrosis biochemical investigations are performed. In acute liver damage the determination of DNA, protein and lipid contents of the liver tissue and the radioactive aminoacid incorporation rate should be carried out with a simultaneous analysis of the serum enzymes. In chronic liver damage, the measurement of the hydroxyproline and DNA contents of the liver give useful data for the determination of the severity of the lesion and the effect of the protective drugs, respectively.
|
['Acetamides', 'Aminoimidazole Carboxamide', 'Animals', 'Carbon Tetrachloride Poisoning', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Female', 'Imidazoles', 'Liver', 'Liver Cirrhosis, Experimental', 'Male', 'Rats', 'Thioacetamide']
| 729,706
|
[['D02.065.064', 'D02.241.081.018.110'], ['D03.383.129.308.030'], ['B01.050'], ['C25.723.177'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['D03.383.129.308'], ['A03.620'], ['C06.552.630.467', 'C23.550.355.412.467', 'E05.598.500.468'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['D02.065.064.786', 'D02.065.900.890', 'D02.241.081.018.110.786', 'D02.886.685.800']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Effectiveness of Nivolumab versus Docetaxel as Second-Line Treatment in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients in Clinical Practice.
|
AIMS: To evaluate the effectiveness of nivolumab as second-line treatment compared to standard therapy with docetaxel in adult patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in clinical practice.METHODS: This is an observational, retrospective cohort study of adult patients diagnosed with NSCLC, stage III-IV, treated with docetaxel or nivolumab as second-line treatment. The end points evaluated were overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). PFS and OS were described using the Kaplan-Meier method. The Cox proportional hazards model was applied to identify independent prognostic and predictive factors related to disease progression or death.RESULTS: Thirty-three patients were included in this study (i.e., 14 in the nivolumab group and 19 in the docetaxel group). Nonsquamous NSCLC was the most frequent histological subtype. Cohorts were homogeneous. The follow-up time was 116 ± 87.3 days. The median PFS was 84 days (95% CI 39-300) for patients treated with nivolumab and 61 days (95% CI 48-76) for patients treated with docetaxel. The risk of progression was 60% lower for patients treated with nivolumab (HR 0.40; 95% CI 0.16-0.97; p = 0.043) compared to patients receiving docetaxel. Among the patients treated with docetaxel, the median OS was 129 days (95% CI 106-300). More than 50% of the patients treated with nivolumab were alive at the end of the follow-up period; nevertheless, the risk difference was not statistically significant (HR 0.55; 95% CI 0.20-1.51; p = 0.244).CONCLUSION: NSCLC patients treated with nivolumab as second-line therapy had a longer PFS compared to patients treated with docetaxel in a health care environment.
|
['Aged', 'Antibodies, Monoclonal', 'Antineoplastic Agents', 'Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung', 'Disease-Free Survival', 'Docetaxel', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Kaplan-Meier Estimate', 'Lung Neoplasms', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasm Staging', 'Nivolumab', 'Proportional Hazards Models', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Taxoids', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 29,045,938
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224'], ['D27.505.954.248'], ['C04.588.894.797.520.109.220.249', 'C08.381.540.140.500', 'C08.785.520.100.220.500'], ['E01.789.800.190', 'E05.318.740.998.300', 'N04.761.559.590.800.190', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800.190', 'N05.715.360.750.795.300', 'N06.850.520.830.998.300'], ['D02.455.426.392.368.242.888.389', 'D02.455.849.291.850.389'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.740.998.650', 'N05.715.360.750.795.650', 'N06.850.520.830.998.650'], ['C04.588.894.797.520', 'C08.381.540', 'C08.785.520'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.789.625'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224.060.829', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224.060.829', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224.200.829'], ['E05.318.740.500.700', 'E05.318.740.600.700', 'E05.318.740.750.725', 'E05.318.740.998.825', 'E05.599.835.900', 'N05.715.360.750.530.650', 'N05.715.360.750.625.650', 'N05.715.360.750.695.650', 'N05.715.360.750.795.825', 'N06.850.520.830.500.700', 'N06.850.520.830.600.700', 'N06.850.520.830.750.725', 'N06.850.520.830.998.912'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['D02.455.426.392.368.242.888', 'D02.455.849.291.850'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Additional surgical resection after endoscopic mucosal dissection for early gastric cancer: A medium-sized hospital's experience.
|
PURPOSE: In Japan, the majority of early gastric cancers (EGCs) are now treated with endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). Patients with non-curative lesions treated by ESD are advised to undergo additional surgical resection (ASR) based on guidelines from the Japan Gastroenterological Endoscopy Society (JGES) and Japanese Gastric Cancer Association (JGCA). However, many studies have demonstrated that residual cancer and lymph node metastasis are only rarely found in ASR specimens. Here we retrospectively analyzed the conditions that could enable the avoidance of unnecessary ASR.METHODS: The ESD data for 114 absolute indication lesions and 26 lesions of expanded indication lesions were analyzed. The indications and the curability were evaluated according to the JGES/JGCA guidelines.RESULTS: The rates of non-curative resection and ASR were significantly higher in the expanded indication group compared to the absolute indication group (26.9% and 19.2% vs. 7.9% and 0.9%, respectively). ASR was performed for six patients. Three of their ARS specimens contained neither residual cancer nor lymph node metastasis, and the pathological findings of the preceding ESD specimens deviated slightly from the curative criteria defined by the guidelines. The conditions of the lesions that did not meet the curative criteria were as follows: (1) sm1 invasion of undifferentiated-type lesion <10 mm dia., (2) 21-25 mm dia. mucosal undifferentiated-type lesion, or (3) peacemeal resection with a horizontal margin positive for the mucosal differentiated-type.CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that a close follow-up without ASR might be appropriate for patients in the above-mentioned three categories after non-curative ESD for EGC.
|
['Aged', 'Early Detection of Cancer', 'Endoscopic Mucosal Resection', 'Female', 'Gastrectomy', 'Gastric Mucosa', 'Humans', 'Japan', 'Lymphatic Metastasis', 'Male', 'Neoplasm, Residual', 'Practice Guidelines as Topic', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Stomach Neoplasms', 'Unnecessary Procedures']
| 27,871,804
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['E01.390.500'], ['E01.370.372.250.250.250', 'E01.370.388.250.250.250.230', 'E04.210.240.250.230', 'E04.502.250.250.250.230'], ['E04.210.419'], ['A03.556.875.875.440', 'A10.615.550.291'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.252.474.463', 'Z01.639.595'], ['C04.697.650.560', 'C23.550.727.650.560'], ['C04.697.700', 'C23.550.727.700'], ['N04.761.700.350.650', 'N05.700.350.650'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['C04.588.274.476.767', 'C06.301.371.767', 'C06.405.249.767', 'C06.405.748.789'], ['N02.421.380.450.500', 'N05.300.150.395.450.500']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Protective role for plasmid DNA-mediated VIP gene transfer in non-obese diabetic mice.
|
Studies focused on the development of diabetes in NOD mice-a model for human type 1 diabetes-have revealed that an autoimmune inflammatory process is produced by the effect of Th1 cells and their secreted cytokines. DNA vaccination has been shown to be an effective method for modulating immunity in viral infections and experimental autoimmune diseases, including diabetes. VIP's immunomodulatory properties are partly mediated by skewing the pattern of cytokines from a proinflammatory response to an anti-inflammatory response. Using gene delivery to express VIP, we interfered in the immune process leading to diabetes in prone, cyclophosphamide-treated NOD mice. Our results extend the role of VIP in the control of immunoregulatory networks and open new perspectives for immunointervention through VIP-based gene therapy.
|
['Animals', 'Diabetes Mellitus', 'Female', 'Gene Transfer Techniques', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred NOD', 'Plasmids', 'Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide']
| 16,888,188
|
[['B01.050'], ['C18.452.394.750', 'C19.246'], ['E05.393.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.565', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.565'], ['G05.360.600'], ['D06.472.317.950', 'D06.472.699.952', 'D12.644.400.875', 'D12.644.548.952', 'D12.776.631.650.875']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
High-performance capillary electrophoresis of proteins. Sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel-filled capillary column for the determination of recombinant biotechnology-derived proteins.
|
Fused-silica capillary columns were filled with sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel and the column effluent was monitored at 214 nm using a commercially available high-performance capillary electrophoresis (HPCE) instrument to separate and rapidly quantify recombinant biotechnology-derived proteins. An excellent linear relationship (r greater than 0.999) exists between the peak migration time and the molecular weights of reference proteins in the range 10,000-100,000 and 40,000-200,000 dalton by use of the capillary columns filled with acrylamide gel at a T composition of 5% and 3%, respectively. The relative standard deviation (R.S.D.) of the peak migration time is ca. 1%. Theoretical plates of 5 X 10(5)-1 X 10(6) per metre are routinely being obtained. Calibration graphs of peak area versus weight of recombinant biotechnology-derived proteins are linear (r greater than 0.999) and the proteins may be quantified with an R.S.D. of ca. 3-7%. As little as 50 nmol of a protein may be quantified and an impurity peak of molecular weight ca. 1500 less than that of the parent compound (ca. 60,000 dalton) may be differentiated by HPCE with a gel-filled capillary column.
|
['Animals', 'Carbonic Anhydrases', 'Cattle', 'Chickens', 'Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel', 'Escherichia coli', 'Molecular Weight', 'Muramidase', 'Myosins', 'Ovalbumin', 'Phosphorylase b', 'Rabbits', 'Recombinant Proteins', 'Serum Albumin, Bovine', 'Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate', 'Trypsin Inhibitors', 'beta-Galactosidase']
| 1,774,236
|
[['B01.050'], ['D08.811.520.241.300.150'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['B01.050.150.900.248.350.150', 'B01.050.150.900.248.690.192'], ['E05.196.401.402', 'E05.301.300.319'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['G02.494'], ['D08.811.277.450.642'], ['D05.750.078.730.475', 'D08.811.277.040.025.193.750', 'D12.776.210.500.600', 'D12.776.220.525.475'], ['D12.644.861.557', 'D12.776.034.614', 'D12.776.256.159.157.663', 'D12.776.290.663', 'D12.776.872.557'], ['D08.811.913.400.450.460.400.327'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.968.700'], ['D12.776.828'], ['D12.776.034.841.540', 'D12.776.124.727.875'], ['D02.033.415.220.720', 'D02.886.645.600.055.050.632', 'D10.289.220.720'], ['D27.505.519.389.745.800.900'], ['D08.811.277.450.410.100']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Building capacity for active surveillance of vaccine adverse events in the Americas: A hospital-based multi-country network.
|
New vaccines designed to prevent diseases endemic in low and middle-income countries are being introduced without prior utilization in countries with robust vaccine pharmacovigilance systems. Our aim was to build capacity for active surveillance of vaccine adverse events in the Americas. We describe the implementation of a proof-of-concept study for the feasibility of an international collaborative hospital-based active surveillance system for vaccine safety. The study was developed and implemented in 15 sentinel sites located in seven countries of the region of the Americas, under the umbrella of the World Health Organization (WHO) Global Vaccine Safety Initiative. The study evaluated the associations between measles-mumps-rubella vaccines and two well-recognized adverse events: Immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) and aseptic meningitis. The regional network contributed 63 confirmed ITP and 16 confirmed aseptic meningitis eligible cases to the global study, representing, respectively, 33% and 19% of the total cases. To ensure long-term sustainability and usefulness to investigate adverse events following new vaccine introductions in low and middle-income countries, the network needs to be strengthened with additional sites and integrated into national health systems.
|
['Americas', 'Capacity Building', 'Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions', 'Epidemiological Monitoring', 'Hospitals', 'Humans', 'International Cooperation', 'Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine', 'Meningitis, Aseptic', 'Proof of Concept Study', 'Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic', 'Retrospective Studies', 'World Health Organization']
| 28,803,714
|
[['Z01.107'], ['N02.138', 'N04.452.105'], ['C25.100'], ['E05.318.375', 'N06.850.520.460'], ['N02.278.421'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['I01.615.500'], ['D20.215.894.815.500', 'D20.215.894.899.404.500', 'D20.215.894.899.488.500', 'D20.215.894.899.779.500'], ['C10.228.614.220'], ['H01.770.644.578'], ['C15.378.100.802.687.600', 'C15.378.140.855.925.750.600', 'C15.378.463.740', 'C20.111.759', 'C20.841.600', 'C23.550.414.950.687.600', 'C23.888.885.687.687.600'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['N03.540.514.718.800']]
|
['Geographicals [Z]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
The practice and perception of intensive care staff using the closed suctioning system.
|
Tracheobronchial suctioning using the closed suctioning system (CSS) has physiological benefits for critically ill patients. Despite these benefits, nurses have raised concerns about the CSS. The aims of this study were to identify concerns, count how frequently they occurred and examine the relationship between the concerns and the experience of the operators. Experience was defined as length of time working in an intensive care unit (ICU) and length of time using the CSS. Using a field research approach, six major concerns were identified: showering of condensate from the flush port over the hands of staff; difficulty cleansing the inner tube after use; ineffective secretion removal; disconnecting the CSS to use conventional catheters; 'sticking' of the CSS in the endotracheal tube; and possible tracheal trauma as observed by blood stained secretions. Based on these findings, a data collection form was developed and over an 8-week period, 75 staff completed 923 forms. The findings indicated that although these concerns occurred frequently (up to 66% of the time), there was no relationship between their frequency and the experience of the operator. The study concludes that, if used appropriately, the advantages of CSS outweigh the disadvantages. Policies and guidelines should be developed to redress issues of secretion removal and infection risks to maximize effectiveness of the CSS for critically ill patients.
|
['Bronchi', 'Clinical Competence', 'Critical Illness', 'Humans', 'Intensive Care Units', 'Northern Ireland', 'Nurses', 'Physical Therapy Modalities', 'Respiration, Artificial', 'Suction', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Trachea']
| 9,840,873
|
[['A04.411.125'], ['I02.399.630.210', 'N04.761.210', 'N05.715.175'], ['C23.550.291.625'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N02.278.388.493'], ['Z01.542.363.602'], ['M01.526.485.650', 'N02.360.650'], ['E02.779', 'E02.831.535'], ['E02.041.625', 'E02.365.647.729', 'E02.880.820'], ['E04.237.890'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['A04.889']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Combined functional electrical stimulation (FES) and robotic system for wrist rehabiliation after stroke.
|
Functional electrical stimulation (FES) and rehabilitation robots are techniques used to assist in post-stroke rehabilitation. However, FES and rehabilitation robots are still separate systems currently; and their combined training effects on persons after experiencing a stroke have not been well studied yet. In this work, a new combined FES-robot system driven by user's voluntary intention was developed for wrist joint training after stroke. The performance of the FES-robot assisted wrist tracking was evaluated on five subjects with chronic stroke. With simultaneous assistance from both the FES and robot parts of the system, the motion accuracy was improved and excessive activation in elbow flexor was reduced during wrist tracking.
|
['Electric Stimulation', 'Humans', 'Robotics', 'Stroke Rehabilitation', 'Wrist Injuries']
| 20,543,302
|
[['E05.723.402'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['H01.671.293.643', 'J01.897.104.834', 'L01.224.050.375.630'], ['E02.760.169.063.500.477.500', 'E02.831.477.500', 'H02.403.680.600.750.500', 'N02.421.784.511.500'], ['C26.088.906']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Elevated hypothalamic beacon gene expression in Psammomys obesus prone to develop obesity and type 2 diabetes.
|
OBJECTIVE: To investigate hypothalamic beacon gene expression at various developmental stages in genetically selected diabetes-resistant and diabetes-prone Psammomys obesus. In addition, effects of dietary energy composition on beacon gene expression were investigated in diabetes-prone P. obesus.METHODS: Hypothalamic beacon gene expression was measured using Taqman fluorogenic PCR in 4-, 8- and 16-week-old animals from each genetically selected line.RESULTS: Expression of beacon was elevated in the diabetes-prone compared with diabetes-resistant P. obesus at 4 weeks of age despite no difference in body weight between the groups. At 8 weeks of age, hypothalamic beacon gene expression was elevated in diabetes-prone animals fed a high-energy diet, and was correlated with serum insulin concentration.CONCLUSION: P. obesus with a genetic predisposition for the development of obesity and type 2 diabetes have elevated hypothalamic beacon gene expression at an early age. Overexpression of beacon may contribute to the development of obesity and insulin resistance in these animals.
|
['Aging', 'Animals', 'Body Weight', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2', 'Diet', 'Energy Intake', 'Gene Expression', 'Genetic Predisposition to Disease', 'Gerbillinae', 'Hypothalamus', 'Insulin', 'Nerve Tissue Proteins', 'Obesity', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Proteins', 'Ubiquitins']
| 12,032,742
|
[['G07.345.124'], ['B01.050'], ['C23.888.144', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120', 'E05.041.124.160.750', 'G07.100.100.160.120', 'G07.345.249.314.120'], ['C18.452.394.750.149', 'C19.246.300'], ['G07.203.650.240'], ['G07.203.650.240.340'], ['G05.297'], ['C23.550.291.687.500', 'G05.380.355'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.300'], ['A08.186.211.180.497', 'A08.186.211.200.317.357'], ['D06.472.699.587.200.500.625', 'D12.644.548.586.200.500.625'], ['D12.776.631'], ['C18.654.726.500', 'C23.888.144.699.500', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120.699.500', 'G07.100.100.160.120.699.500'], ['E05.393.620.500'], ['D12.776'], ['D12.776.947']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Development of a high temperature-atmospheric pressure environmental cell for high-resolution TEM.
|
An environmental cell for high-temperature, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy of nanomaterials in near atmospheric pressures is developed. The developed environmental cell is a side-entry type with built-in specimen-heating element and micropressure gauge. The relationship between the cell condition and the quality of the transmission electron microscopic (TEM) image and the diffraction pattern was examined experimentally and theoretically. By using the cell consisting of two electron-transparent silicon nitride thin films as the window material, the gas pressure inside the environmental cell is continuously controlled from 10(-5) Pa to the atmospheric pressure in a high-vacuum TEM specimen chamber. TEM image resolutions of 0.23 and 0.31 nm were obtained using 15-nm-thick silicon nitride film windows with the pressure inside the cell being around 5 ? 10(-5) and 1 ? 10(4) Pa, respectively.
|
['Atmospheric Pressure', 'Cytological Techniques', 'Hot Temperature', 'Image Processing, Computer-Assisted', 'Microscopy, Electron, Transmission', 'Nanostructures', 'Silicon Compounds', 'Specimen Handling']
| 21,427,119
|
[['G16.500.750.274', 'N06.230.300.100.185'], ['E01.370.225.500', 'E05.200.500', 'E05.242'], ['G01.906.595.543', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710.380', 'G16.500.750.775.710.380', 'N06.230.300.100.725.232', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710.380'], ['L01.224.308'], ['E01.370.350.515.402.580', 'E05.595.402.580'], ['J01.637.512'], ['D01.837'], ['E01.370.225.998', 'E05.200.998']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
The Frontalis Activity Measurement Standard: a novel contralateral method for assessing botulinum neurotoxin type-A activity.
|
BACKGROUND: There are conflicting data regarding the specific attributes of botulinum neurotoxin type-A (BoNTA) products including onset of action, duration and spread because accurate, objective methods for assessing their clinical activity are lacking.OBJECTIVE: To refine definitions for BoNTA activity utilizing the frontalis muscle and describe the Frontalis Activity Measurement Standard (FMS), an objective method for measuring changes in frontalis muscle activity as a metric for assessing BoNTA pharmacodynamics.METHODS: As part of a study to assess BoNTA activity, 20 subjects with severe frontalis lines at maximum elevation were injected with two BoNTA products at five points on contralateral sides of the frontalis. Changes in maximum baseline frontalis elevation were measured by a blinded investigator using the previously-validated Frontalis Rating Scale (FRS) and the FMS. Frontalis activity endpoints were redefined to include Initial, Full and Complete Onsets of action and Partial, Full and Complete efficacy.RESULTS: Differences in the onset of effect of the BoNTA products were detected with both the FRS and FMS; however, the FMS detected changes in frontalis activity earlier than the FRS. A significant correlation between the FRS and FMS was documented.CONCLUSION: The frontalis muscle activity allows for enhanced assessment of BoNTA activity and attributes. The FMS appears to be a sensitive and objective tool for measuring pharmacodynamic parameters of BoNTA. Refining definitions of BoNTA activity provides a more accurate means for describing the clinical effects of BoNTA.
|
['Botulinum Toxins, Type A', 'Double-Blind Method', 'Facial Muscles', 'Forehead', 'Humans', 'Neuromuscular Agents', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 22,052,264
|
[['D08.811.277.656.300.480.153.100', 'D08.811.277.656.675.374.153.100', 'D12.776.097.156.100', 'D23.946.123.179.050'], ['E05.318.370.300', 'E05.581.500.300', 'N05.715.360.325.320', 'N06.850.520.445.300'], ['A02.633.567.400', 'A14.363'], ['A01.456.505.580'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D27.505.696.663.700'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Production of a low calorie mandarin juice by enzymatic conversion of constituent sugars to oligosaccharides and prevention of insoluble glucan formation.
|
Over 99% of sucrose in mandarin juice (57.1 g/l in original juice to 428.4 g/l in concentrated juice) was enzymatically converted to glucooligosaccharides using 3 U dextransucrase/ml prepared from Leuconostoc mesenteroides at 28 °C. The oligosaccharide synthesis yields were 51 and 47% for the original and the concentrated mandarin juice, respectively. The degree of polymerization of oligosaccharides in the enzyme-modified juice was 2-7. Calories in the original and modified mandarin juice were 433 and 301 kcal/l (30.5% reduction). Compared with the original juice, the enzyme-modified juice showed 82% decrease of insoluble glucan formation by mutansucrase from Streptococcus mutans. A sensory evaluation of the juices revealed that the original and modified mandarin juices had sweetness values of 4.5 and 4.9 and the same values for overall acceptability.
|
['Beverages', 'Calorimetry', 'Food Handling', 'Glucosyltransferases', 'Leuconostoc', 'Oligosaccharides', 'Streptococcus mutans', 'Sucrase', 'Sucrose', 'Temperature']
| 25,381,596
|
[['G07.203.100', 'J02.200'], ['E05.196.131'], ['J01.576.423.200'], ['D08.811.913.400.450.460'], ['B03.353.750.475.450', 'B03.510.550.475.450'], ['D09.698.629'], ['B03.353.750.737.872.875.520', 'B03.510.400.800.872.875.520', 'B03.510.550.737.872.875.520'], ['D08.811.277.450.329.738'], ['D09.698.629.305.770', 'D09.947.750.770'], ['G01.906.595', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710', 'G16.500.750.775.710', 'N06.230.150.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Drug-eluting stent treatment of a radiation-induced left internal mammary arterial graft stenosis.
|
A 62-year-old man underwent radiotherapy to the left upper chest for treatment of Pancoast syndrome on a background of previous coronary artery bypass grafting 12 years earlier. Within 1 year, he developed significant stenoses of both the left internal mammary artery (LIMA) graft and ostial left vertebral artery, presumably related to therapeutic radiation exposure. Initially diagnosed using computed tomography coronary angiography, the patient underwent percutaneous coronary intervention and insertion of a drug-eluting stent (DES) to the ostium of the LIMA graft via a left radial approach. He remains clinically well at 6-month follow-up. This is the first reported case in the literature of DES treatment of a radiation-induced vascular stenosis; however, the incidence of cardiovascular disease is elevated in such cases. In patients with a prior history of mantle radiation, consideration should be given to the routine assessment of internal mammary conduits prior to coronary artery bypass surgery.
|
['Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary', 'Coronary Angiography', 'Coronary Artery Bypass', 'Drug-Eluting Stents', 'Graft Occlusion, Vascular', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Pancoast Syndrome', 'Radiation Injuries']
| 18,787,292
|
[['E02.148.050.060.100', 'E04.100.376.719.100', 'E04.100.814.529.124.060.100', 'E04.100.814.529.968.050', 'E04.502.382.124.060.100', 'E04.502.382.968.050', 'E04.928.220.520.100', 'E05.157.016.060.100'], ['E01.370.350.130.625', 'E01.370.350.700.060.200', 'E01.370.370.050.200', 'E01.370.370.380.200'], ['E04.100.376.719.332', 'E04.100.814.868.750', 'E04.928.220.520.220'], ['E07.695.750.500'], ['C23.550.767.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04.588.894.797.520.734', 'C08.381.540.734', 'C08.785.520.734'], ['C26.733', 'G01.750.748.500', 'N06.850.460.350.850.500', 'N06.850.810.300.360']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Environmental health risks and benefits of the use of mosquito coils as malaria prevention and control strategy.
|
BACKGROUND: Malaria is an infectious disease that causes many deaths in sub-Saharan Africa. In resource-poor malaria endemic communities, mosquito coils are commonly applied in households to repel the vector mosquito that transmits malaria parasites. In applying these coils, users have mainly been interested in the environmental health benefits potentially derived from repelling the mosquito, while oblivious of the environmental health risks that may be associated with exposure to emissions from the use of mosquito coil. This study evaluated the effectiveness of the mosquito coil, ascertained and/or estimated the toxic emissions that may emanate from the coil, and determined its overall appropriateness by conducting a risk-benefit analysis of the use of this strategy in malaria prevention at household levels.METHODS: The repellent ability of mosquito coils was tested by conducting a mosquito knockdown/mortality test in experimental chambers synonymous of local room spaces and conditions. The gaseous and particulate emissions from the mosquito coil were also analysed. Additional scenarios were generated with the Monte Carlo technique and a risk-benefit analysis was conducted applying @Risk software.RESULTS: Mosquito mortality arising from the application of various mosquito coils averagely ranged between 24 and 64%, which might not provide adequate repellency effect. Emissions from the mosquito coil were also found to contain CO, VOCs, SO2, NO2, PM2.5 and PM10. The Hazard Index of the respective pollutants characterized over a lifetime exposure scenario was low (< 1 for each pollutant), which suggests that the concentrations of the specific chemicals and particulate matter emitted from the mosquito coil may not constitute adverse environmental health risk.CONCLUSION: Although the risk of morbidity from the use of the mosquito coil was low, the coil yielded limited protection as a mosquito avoidance method. It may, therefore, have a reduced benefit in controlling malaria and should be applied sparingly in a highly regulated manner only when traditionally proven effective vector control strategies are not available or too expensive for resource-poor malaria endemic regions.
|
['Air Pollution, Indoor', 'Animals', 'Anopheles', 'Environmental Health', 'Humans', 'Insect Repellents', 'Insecticides', 'Malaria', 'Mosquito Control', 'Mosquito Vectors', 'Risk Assessment']
| 30,012,143
|
[['N06.850.460.100.080'], ['B01.050'], ['B01.050.500.131.617.720.500.500.750.712.500.875.120'], ['H02.229'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D27.505.696.706.434', 'D27.720.031.700.441', 'D27.888.723.441'], ['D27.720.031.700.491', 'D27.888.723.491'], ['C01.610.752.530', 'C01.920.875'], ['N06.850.780.200.650.425.500'], ['N06.850.335.188.100.500.500', 'N06.850.520.203.375.100.500.500'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.715', 'N04.452.871.715', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.690', 'N06.850.505.715', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.715']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Mutuality and preparedness moderate the effects of caregiving demand on cancer family caregiver outcomes.
|
BACKGROUND: Family caregiving researchers have explored the moderating or stress-buffering effects of variables such as coping and social support. However, the quality of the family caregiver-patient relationship and preparedness for caregiving have received little attention as potential moderators.OBJECTIVE: To explore whether relationship quality and preparedness moderate the effects of caregiving demand on caregiver outcomes during cancer treatment.METHODS: Eighty-seven family caregivers of patients receiving treatment for cancer completed the Demand and Difficulty subscales of the Caregiving Burden Scale, Mutuality and Preparedness Scales of the Family Care Inventory, and the short form of the Profile of Mood States. Using hierarchical multiple regression analyses, caregiving difficulty and total mood disturbance were regressed on two- and three-way interaction terms for demand, mutuality, and preparedness, controlling for caregiver age and gender, and the simple effect of each independent variable.RESULTS: Negligible effects for two-way interactions were found. However, the three-way interaction between demand, mutuality, and preparedness explained statistically significant variance in both perceived difficulty of caregiving and total mood disturbance. High mutuality in combination with high preparedness protected caregivers from adverse outcomes when demand was high. When either mutuality or preparedness was low, caregivers were at greater risk for negative outcomes when demand was high, but not when demand was low. When both mutuality and preparedness were low, caregivers were at risk for mood disturbance even when demand was low.DISCUSSION: Analysis of three-way interactions provided new theoretical insights into the protective effects of mutuality and preparedness and demonstrated conditions under which caregivers are at increased risk for negative outcomes.
|
['Adaptation, Psychological', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Caregivers', 'Family Relations', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Multivariate Analysis', 'Neoplasms', 'Regression Analysis', 'Social Support', 'United States']
| 18,004,189
|
[['F01.058'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['M01.085', 'M01.526.485.200', 'N02.360.200'], ['F01.829.263.370', 'I01.880.853.150.439'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.740.150.500', 'N05.715.360.750.125.500', 'N06.850.520.830.150.500'], ['C04'], ['E05.318.740.750', 'N05.715.360.750.695', 'N06.850.520.830.750'], ['I01.880.853.500.600'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Cigarette smoking in the U.S. military: findings from the 1992 Worldwide Survey.
|
BACKGROUND: Using data from the military's Worldwide Survey series, this article presents findings on the prevalence of smoking among active-duty military personnel in 1992 and trends since 1980.METHODS: A stratified probability sampling design was used in the 1992 Worldwide Survey. Military installations worldwide were sampled, and then active-duty personnel within these installations were selected. A total of 16,395 usable questionnaires were obtained, for an overall response rate of 77.3%.RESULTS: The prevalence of cigarette smoking among military personnel has declined from 51% in 1980 to 35% in 1992. This decline was not explained by changes in the sociodemographic composition of the military population. Overall, smoking was more prevalent among personnel who were white, had less education, and were enlisted. In addition, enlisted men reporting higher levels of work-related stress were more likely to be smokers. Over half of all military personnel who were smokers in the past year attempted to quit.CONCLUSIONS: The military has made considerable progress since 1980 in reducing the prevalence of smoking among military personnel. Nonetheless, the prevalence in 1992 was still relatively high, affecting about one of every three personnel. A promising group to target in future antismoking efforts may be smokers who tried to quit during the past year.
|
['Adult', 'Data Collection', 'Demography', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Military Personnel', 'Probability', 'Regression Analysis', 'Sampling Studies', 'Smoking', 'Smoking Cessation', 'United States']
| 7,971,881
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E05.318.308', 'L01.399.250', 'N05.715.360.300', 'N06.850.520.308'], ['I01.240', 'N01.224', 'N06.850.505.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.526.625'], ['E05.318.740.600', 'G17.680', 'N05.715.360.750.625', 'N06.850.520.830.600'], ['E05.318.740.750', 'N05.715.360.750.695', 'N06.850.520.830.750'], ['E05.318.372.875', 'N05.715.360.330.875', 'N06.850.520.450.875'], ['F01.145.805'], ['F01.145.488.732'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Control of vascular smooth muscle cell growth in fowl.
|
In adult domestic fowl, angiotensin (ANG) receptors are present in the vascular smooth muscles (VSM) and in the endothelium, mediating vasorelaxation via endothelium-derived relaxing factor/cGMP. ANG II-induced relaxation is minor in chicks and becomes more marked as they mature but diminishes in adult birds, whereas ANG II neither relaxes nor contracts endothelium-denuded aortae from mature chickens. The present study examines in cultured fowl aortic SM cells whether (1) ANG II stimulates or inhibits VSM cell growth and, if so, whether this growth-stimulatory or -inhibitory effect changes with maturation/aging, and (2) S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP), a nitric oxide donor, and cGMP attenuate the basal or stimulated VSM cell growth. [Asp1, Val5]ANG II (native fowl ANG II, 10(-6) M) markedly increased (increase from vehicle control, 226.5%; P < 0.01) [3H]thymidine (Thd) incorporation into DNA of quiescent VSM cells (first subculture) from 6-week-old chicks. This growth-stimulating effect was reduced with age (41.4, 29.6, and 3.2% at 9, 19, and 43 weeks of age, respectively). In contrast, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF, 20 ng/ml) increased [3H]Thd incorporation similarly in chicks, pullets, and hens. Furthermore, ANG II significantly (45.9%, P < 0.01) attenuated the growth-promoting effect of fetal calf serum in cultured VSM cells from 6-week-old chicks. This inhibitory effect also decreased in older birds. ANG II showed neither a growth-stimulatory nor -inhibitory effect in cultured neointimal cells. SNAP attenuated dose dependently (20-60 microM) the basal and PDGF-induced VSM cell growth, whereas cGMP inhibited basal growth only at a high dose (100 microM). These results indicate that in fowl VSM cells, ANG II is mitogenic and antimitogenic in chicks but not in mature birds, suggesting that phenotypic modulation occurs in the ANG receptors/signaling mechanism with maturation/age or in neointimal cells, whereas the mitogenic mechanism via PDGF remains in both young and mature birds.
|
['Anesthesia', 'Angiotensin II', 'Animals', 'Aorta', 'Cell Division', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Chickens', 'Cyclic GMP', 'DNA', 'Fetal Blood', 'Homeostasis', 'Muscle, Smooth, Vascular', 'Norepinephrine', 'Penicillamine', 'Platelet-Derived Growth Factor']
| 9,748,410
|
[['E03.155'], ['D06.472.699.094.078', 'D12.644.400.070.078', 'D12.644.456.073.041', 'D12.644.548.058.078', 'D12.776.631.650.070.078', 'D23.469.050.050.050'], ['B01.050'], ['A07.015.114.056'], ['G04.144.220', 'G04.161.750.500', 'G05.113', 'G07.345.249.410.750.500'], ['A11.251'], ['B01.050.150.900.248.350.150', 'B01.050.150.900.248.690.192'], ['D03.633.100.759.646.454.160', 'D13.695.462.275', 'D13.695.667.454.160', 'D13.695.827.426.160'], ['D13.444.308'], ['A12.207.152.200', 'A15.145.300', 'A16.378.200'], ['G07.410'], ['A02.633.570.491', 'A07.015.733.500', 'A10.690.467.491'], ['D02.033.100.291.502', 'D02.092.063.480', 'D02.092.211.215.746', 'D02.092.311.830', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.175.830'], ['D02.886.030.786', 'D12.125.166.786'], ['D12.644.276.910', 'D12.776.124.625', 'D12.776.467.910', 'D23.529.910']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Interactions of serotoninergic, cholinergic, and tachykinin-containing nerve elements in the rabbit small intestine.
|
This report presents novel results on the effects of serotonin (5-HT) on longitudinal muscle contractions in the rabbit ileum and the interactions of serotonin with some neuronal elements of the myenteric plexus. We showed previously that serotonin-triggered contractions involved two mechanisms in the rabbit ileum: neuronal excitation (via 5-HT(2) receptors in the neurons) and direct muscular stimulation (via 5-HT(4) receptors in the muscle). Here, we focus on the neuronal 5-HT(2) receptor pathway and report further pharmacological and immunocytochemical data clarifying the details of the mechanisms. We observed that antagonists for neurokinin (NK1 and NK2) receptors partially blocked the serotonin response, but NK3 receptor antagonists had no effect. Pretreatment by atropine (ATR) eliminated the NK1 receptor antagonist resistant contractions. In contrast, the NK1 antagonist did not depress the ATR-resistant contraction when ATR was added first. 5-HT(2) receptor agonist-induced contractions were partially suppressed by ATR, hexamethonium, and NK1 or NK2 receptor antagonists. In conclusion, serotonin acting through 5-HT(2) receptors could stimulate interneurons and excitatory motor neurons. Immunocytochemical staining revealed an extensive tachykinin-immunoreactive (IR) network in the myenteric plexus. Approximately 52% of all myenteric neurons were labeled. 5-HT-IR fibers could be detected around both choline acetyltransferase- and tachykinin-IR cells, suggesting functional relationships between them. Consistent with our pharmacological observations, we found that immunopositive nerve elements for 5-HT(2A) receptor and double-labeled immunostaining revealed a remarkable overlap between tachykinin-IR neurons and 5-HT(2A)-IR elements.
|
['Animals', 'Cholinergic Fibers', 'Excitation Contraction Coupling', 'Female', 'Gastrointestinal Motility', 'Ileum', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Male', 'Myenteric Plexus', 'Neurons', 'Rabbits', 'Receptors, Serotonin', 'Serotonin', 'Tachykinins']
| 19,685,504
|
[['B01.050'], ['A08.675.127.500', 'A08.675.542.234', 'A11.671.188.500', 'A11.671.501.234'], ['G02.111.820.800.100.500', 'G04.835.199', 'G11.427.494.235'], ['G10.261.360'], ['A03.556.124.684.249', 'A03.556.249.124'], ['E05.481'], ['A08.800.050.050.500', 'A08.800.050.150.500', 'A08.800.800.060.500'], ['A08.675', 'A11.671'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.968.700'], ['D12.776.543.750.670.800', 'D12.776.543.750.695.800', 'D12.776.543.750.720.850'], ['D02.092.211.215.801.852', 'D03.633.100.473.914.814', 'D23.469.050.650'], ['D12.644.276.812.900', 'D12.644.400.800', 'D12.644.456.800', 'D12.776.467.812.900', 'D12.776.631.650.800', 'D23.469.050.375.850', 'D23.529.812.900']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Analysis of rearranged T cell receptor (TCR) V beta transcripts in livers of primary biliary cirrhosis: preferential V beta usage suggests antigen-driven selection.
|
The presence of autoantibodies to mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase complex-E2 (PDC-E2) and self-reactive T cells to PDC suggests that autoimmune mechanisms may be involved in the pathogenesis of primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC). Molecular analysis of intrahepatic TCR repertoire may provide valuable information on a T cell mechanism for PBC immunopathogenesis. We therefore analysed the TCR V beta usage in different regions of the livers removed during transplantation from two PBC patients. Using reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), a limited heterogeneity of rearranged TCR V beta transcripts was demonstrated in different locations of the same liver. Sequence analysis of V beta-D beta-J beta (CDR3: the third complementarity determining region) showed the presence of conserved residues, no random N additions, and a common motif within CDR3. These results suggest that T cells homing to PBC liver may be antigen-driven. To elucidate further whether an immune deviation related to T helper 1 cell (Th1) or Th2 responses may exist in PBC, intrahepatic mRNA expression of IL-2, IL-4 and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) was examined by the RT-PCR method. IL-2 and IFN-gamma could be amplified, whereas IL-4 was virtually undetectable in the livers from the two patients with PBC. The findings suggest that polarization of intrahepatic lymphokine expression toward the Th1-dominant pattern may be significant in the immunopathogenesis of PBC.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Base Sequence', 'Conserved Sequence', 'Female', 'Gene Rearrangement, beta-Chain T-Cell Antigen Receptor', 'Humans', 'Immunoglobulin Joining Region', 'Interferon-gamma', 'Interleukin-2', 'Interleukin-4', 'Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary', 'Middle Aged', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Multigene Family', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Transcription, Genetic']
| 8,565,296
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['G02.111.570.580'], ['G05.344.801.211', 'G12.500.287.211'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.644.541.500.650.500.590', 'D12.776.124.486.485.680.650.500.590', 'D12.776.124.486.485.797.590', 'D12.776.124.790.651.680.650.500.590', 'D12.776.124.790.651.797.590', 'D12.776.377.715.548.680.650.500.590', 'D12.776.377.715.548.797.590'], ['D12.644.276.374.440.893', 'D12.644.276.374.480.615.350', 'D12.776.467.374.440.893', 'D12.776.467.374.480.615.350', 'D23.529.374.440.893', 'D23.529.374.480.615.350'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.021', 'D12.644.276.374.480.372', 'D12.776.467.374.465.021', 'D12.776.467.374.480.372', 'D23.529.374.465.155', 'D23.529.374.480.372'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.186', 'D12.776.467.374.465.178', 'D23.529.374.465.186'], ['C06.130.120.135.250.250', 'C06.552.150.250', 'C06.552.630.400', 'C23.550.355.412.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.645'], ['E05.393.620.500'], ['G02.111.873', 'G05.297.700']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Pathogenic importance of fibronectin in the superficial region of articular cartilage as a local factor for the induction of pannus extension on rheumatoid articular cartilage.
|
To identify the local factors in cartilage that are responsible for the induction of pannus invasion, a 14 day organ culture study in which rheumatoid synovium was grown in contact with cartilage pieces was carried out. Rheumatoid synovium preferentially extended over hyaluronidase treated cartilage pieces, but detached from untreated pieces. Rheumatoid synovium extended over hyaluronidase treated cartilage surfaces containing fibronectin more extensively than over surfaces treated with hyaluronidase only. Extension over hyaluronidase treated cartilage surfaces containing immune complexes was small. The adherence of synovial cells to hyaluronidase treated cartilage slices in vitro was specifically inhibited by the synthetic peptide, Gly-Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser-Pro, which is the adhesive portion of the fibronectin molecule. Furthermore, synovial fibroblast-like cellular extension, morphologically similar to rheumatoid pannus, was observed in the organ culture experiments in which rheumatoid synovium grew over hyaluronidase treated cartilage surfaces containing fibronectin. Synovial tissue extension over fibronectin coated surfaces was inhibited when hyaluronic acid and chondroitin-4-sulphate, major components of cartilage proteoglycans, were present on the cartilage surface. These findings suggest that fibronectin present in the superficial region of cartilage potentiates rheumatoid synovial extension and proteoglycans and immune complexes inhibit rheumatoid synovial extension. It is likely that fibronectin deposited on the eroded surface of articular cartilage induces pannus formation in rheumatoid arthritis.
|
['Arthritis, Rheumatoid', 'Cartilage, Articular', 'Cell Adhesion', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Exudates and Transudates', 'Fibronectins', 'Humans', 'Oligopeptides', 'Organ Culture Techniques', 'Synovial Membrane']
| 1,632,660
|
[['C05.550.114.154', 'C05.799.114', 'C17.300.775.099', 'C20.111.199'], ['A02.165.407.150', 'A02.835.583.192'], ['G04.022'], ['A11.251'], ['A12.383'], ['D12.776.377.715.390', 'D12.776.395.550.350', 'D12.776.543.550.350', 'D12.776.860.300.450'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.644.456'], ['E05.481.500.484'], ['A02.835.583.443.800']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Computed tomographic evaluation of elbow congruity during arthroscopy in a canine cadaveric model.
|
OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of arthroscope insertion, using a carbon-fibre rod model, on humero-radial, humero-ulnar and radio-ulnar congruity, as assessed by computed tomography (CT).METHODS: Cadaveric Greyhound elbow joints were assessed at a flexion angle of 135 ± 5° using CT. For condition 1, a 36 mm fulcrum induced cubital valgus, as used to aid arthroscope insertion. For conditions 2 and 3, a single 1.8 or 2.5 mm diameter rod was inserted under arthroscopic guidance to simulate arthroscope position for assessment of the medial coronoid process. Repeat CT scans were obtained for all conditions and parasagittal sections were reconstructed to evaluate medial, axial and lateral positions within the elbow. Humero-radial, humero-ulnar, and radio-ulnar congruity measurements were obtained. Differences between groups were assessed using repeated measures analysis of variance.RESULTS: Mean (±SD) change in radio-ulnar step between conditions 1 and 3 was 0.6 ± 0.3 mm (axial), 0.8 ± 0.6 mm (medial), and 0.5 ± 0.1 mm (lateral). Insertion of rods induced a significant decrease in radio-ulnar step in all planes. Significant differences were also identified between groups for humero-radial, humero-ulnar, and radio-ulnar congruity.CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Insertion of carbon-fibre rods as a model for elbow arthroscope insertion induces elbow incongruity. Changes in radio-ulnar congruity are small but the effect of arthroscope diameter should be considered when assessing elbow congruity.
|
['Animals', 'Arthrography', 'Arthroscopy', 'Dogs', 'Forelimb', 'Humerus', 'Joints', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed', 'Ulna']
| 25,487,317
|
[['B01.050'], ['E01.370.350.700.070'], ['E01.370.388.250.070', 'E04.502.250.070', 'E04.555.113'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.250.216.200'], ['A13.395'], ['A02.835.232.087.090.400'], ['A02.835.583'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810'], ['A02.835.232.087.090.850']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Risk factors for peptic ulcer disease in renal transplant patients--11 years of experience from a single center.
|
BACKGROUND: Peptic ulcer disease is a common complication among renal transplant recipients and causes significant morbidity and mortality.METHODS: From 1990 through 2000, 465 renal transplant patients were followed-up in our institute. Most patients received corticosteroids and cyclosporine-based immunosuppressive regimen. About one third (n = 156) of them received mycophenolate mofetil. Patients with endoscopy-proved peptic ulcer disease were identified by reviewing medical records. Possible risk factors were analyzed by univariate analysis and multiple logistic regression analysis.RESULTS: Among 465 kidney transplant patients, there were 181 (38.9%) who suffered at least 1 episode of peptic ulcer disease. The most frequent types of peptic ulcer disease were gastritis, gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer, esophagitis, duodenitis and esophageal ulcer. By multivariate analysis, the use of methylprednisolone pulse therapy (odds ratio = 3.954, 95% confidence interval = 3.154-18.312, p = 0.03) and history of pre-transplant peptic ulcer disease (odds ratio = 7.599, 95% CI = 1.211-12.905, p < 0.0001) were independent risk factors for posttransplant peptic ulcer disease.CONCLUSIONS: Our findings demonstrated that renal transplant patients who undergo methylprednisolone pulse therapy for acute rejection or who have a history of pre-transplant peptic ulcer disease carry a high risk for the development of peptic ulcer disease and deserve intensive antiulcer treatment.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Anti-Ulcer Agents', 'Chi-Square Distribution', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Immunosuppressive Agents', 'Incidence', 'Kidney Transplantation', 'Logistic Models', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Peptic Ulcer', 'Prevalence', 'Risk Factors']
| 15,267,008
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['D27.505.954.483.203'], ['E05.318.740.994.300', 'G17.820.300', 'N05.715.360.750.750.200', 'N06.850.520.830.994.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D27.505.696.477.656'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.375', 'N01.224.935.597.500', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.375', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.375'], ['E02.870.500', 'E04.936.450.485', 'E04.950.774.400'], ['E05.318.740.500.525', 'E05.318.740.600.800.450', 'E05.318.740.750.450', 'E05.599.835.875', 'N05.715.360.750.530.480', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.450', 'N05.715.360.750.695.470', 'N06.850.520.830.500.525', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.450', 'N06.850.520.830.750.450'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C06.405.469.275.800', 'C06.405.748.586'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Near-infrared molecular imaging of tumors via chemokine receptors CXCR4 and CXCR7.
|
The chemokine CXCL12/SDF-1 and its receptors CXCR4 and CXCR7 play a major role in tumor invasion, proliferation and metastasis. Since both receptors are overexpressed on distinct tumor cells and on the tumor vasculature, we evaluated their potential as targets for detection of cancers by molecular imaging. We synthesized conjugates of CXCL12 and the near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent dye IRDye(®)800CW, tested their selectivity, sensitivity and biological activity in vitro and their feasibility to visualize tumors in vivo. Purified CXCL12-conjugates detected in vitro as low as 500 A764 human glioma cells or MCF-7 breast cancer cells that express CXCR7 alone or together with CXCR4. Binding was time- and concentration-dependent, and the label could be competitively displaced by the native peptide. Control conjugates with bovine serum albumin or lactalbumin failed to label the cells. In mice, the conjugate distributed rapidly. After 1-92 h, subcutaneous tumors of human MCF-7 and A764 cells in immunodeficient mice were detected with high sensitivity. Background was observed in particular in liver within the first 24 h, but also skull and hind limbs yielded some background. Overall, fluorescent CXCL12-conjugates are sensitive and selective probes to detect solid and metastatic tumors by targeting tumor cells and tumor vasculature.
|
['Animals', 'Breast Neoplasms', 'Cattle', 'Chemokine CXCL12', 'Female', 'Fluorescent Dyes', 'Glioma', 'Humans', 'Image Processing, Computer-Assisted', 'Mice', 'Mice, Nude', 'Receptors, CXCR', 'Receptors, CXCR4', 'Serum Albumin, Bovine', 'Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared', 'Tumor Cells, Cultured']
| 21,735,100
|
[['B01.050'], ['C04.588.180', 'C17.800.090.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['D12.644.276.374.200.120.600', 'D12.776.467.374.200.120.600', 'D23.125.300.120.600', 'D23.469.200.120.600', 'D23.529.374.200.120.600'], ['D27.720.233.348', 'D27.720.470.410.505.500'], ['C04.557.465.625.600.380', 'C04.557.470.670.380', 'C04.557.580.625.600.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.224.308'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.500'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.160.500', 'D12.776.543.750.705.852.125.500'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.160.500.400', 'D12.776.543.750.705.852.125.500.400', 'D12.776.543.750.830.700.650'], ['D12.776.034.841.540', 'D12.776.124.727.875'], ['E01.370.350.750', 'E05.196.867.851'], ['A11.251.860']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Evaluation of morphological parameters of blood platelets in the course of giardiasis].
|
UNLABELLED: Blood platelets play an important role in defensive mechanisms of the organism, especially in anti-parasitic immunity. Parasites activate the blood platelets in the peripheral blood and this activation may be expressed in changes of their morphological parameters.MATERIAL AND METHODS: We have conducted our study measuring quantity and morphological parameters of blood platelets (PLT MPV, PDW, LPLT) in the course of giardiasis. The study population included 40 patients infected with Giardia intestinalis compared with 40 healthy individuals.RESULTS: The infection was found to increase the number of blood platelets (PLT). A slight increase was noted in mean platelet volume (MPV), but the difference was not statistically essential. We have observed an increased platelet distribution width (PDW) in the course of giardiasis.CONCLUSION: The same observation concerned the count of large platelets (LPLT). Our conclusion is that Giardia intestinalis infection changes quantity and morphological parameters of blood platelets and it can be an indicator of platelet activation.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Blood Platelets', 'Female', 'Giardiasis', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Platelet Activation']
| 19,205,377
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['A11.118.188', 'A15.145.229.188'], ['C01.610.432.481', 'C01.610.752.400', 'C06.405.469.452.481'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G09.188.390.600']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Alteration in the level of interferon-gamma results in acceleration of Theiler's virus-induced demyelinating disease.
|
Intracerebral (i.c.) inoculation of susceptible strains of mice with Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) results in immune-mediated demyelination. We examined the role of interferon (IFN)-gamma in this virally induced pathogenesis. Intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of susceptible mice with an IFN-gamma-neutralizing monoclonal antibody (mAb), DB-1, resulted in a significantly accelerated onset of disease. The anti-IFN-gamma mAb-treated animals showed a strong delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) response to the virus similar to that of control mAb-treated animals. Treatment with anti-IFN-gamma mAb had no significant effect on the clinical course of disease. However, intracerebral administration of recombinant IFN-gamma significantly accelerated the onset of TMEV-induced disease, as well as enhanced TMEV-specific T cell proliferation and DTH responses. The enhancing effect of IFN-gamma was completely abrogated by simultaneous treatment with anti-IFN-gamma mAb. Collectively, our data suggest that the level of IFN-gamma plays a key role in the TMEV-induced inflammatory response and a perturbation of this balance may result in an alteration in the course of the demyelinating disease.
|
['Animals', 'Antibodies, Monoclonal', 'Antibodies, Viral', 'Demyelinating Diseases', 'Female', 'Hypersensitivity, Delayed', 'Interferon-gamma', 'Mice', 'T-Lymphocytes', 'Theilovirus']
| 7,829,664
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.254', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.254', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.254'], ['C10.314'], ['C20.543.418'], ['D12.644.276.374.440.893', 'D12.644.276.374.480.615.350', 'D12.776.467.374.440.893', 'D12.776.467.374.480.615.350', 'D23.529.374.440.893', 'D23.529.374.480.615.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.569', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569'], ['B04.820.578.750.170.800']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Retroviral oncoprotein Tax deregulates NF-kappaB by activating Tak1 and mediating the physical association of Tak1-IKK.
|
The Tax oncoprotein of human T-cell leukaemia virus type I (HTLV-I) persistently activates nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB), which is required for HTLV-I-mediated T-cell transformation. Tax activates NF-kappaB by stimulating the activity of IkappaB kinase (IKK), but the underlying mechanism remains elusive. Here, we show that Tax functions as an intracellular stimulator of an IKK-activating kinase, Tak1 (TGF-beta-activating kinase 1). In addition, Tax physically interacts with Tak1 and mediates the recruitment of IKK to Tak1. In HTLV-I-infected T cells, Tak1 is constitutively activated and complexed with both Tax and IKK. We provide genetic evidence that Tak1 is essential for Tax-induced IKK activation. Furthermore, unlike cellular stimuli, the Tax-specific NF-kappaB signalling does not require the ubiquitin-binding function of IKKgamma. These findings show a pathological mechanism of IKK activation by Tax and provide an example for how IKK is persistently activated in cancer cells.
|
['Animals', 'Cell Line', 'Cell Line, Transformed', 'Gene Products, tax', 'Human T-lymphotropic virus 1', 'Humans', 'I-kappa B Kinase', 'Mice', 'NF-kappa B']
| 17,363,973
|
[['B01.050'], ['A11.251.210'], ['A11.251.210.172'], ['D12.776.624.664.520.750.480', 'D12.776.964.700.750.480', 'D12.776.964.775.750.480', 'D12.776.964.925.984.410'], ['B04.613.807.200.725.400', 'B04.820.650.200.725.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.494', 'D12.644.360.361', 'D12.776.476.378'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['D05.500.672', 'D12.776.260.600', 'D12.776.660.600', 'D12.776.930.600']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Biaxial mechanical properties of bovine jugular venous valve leaflet tissues.
|
Venous valve incompetence has been implicated in diseases ranging from chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) to intracranial venous hypertension. However, while the mechanical properties of venous valve leaflet tissues are central to CVI biomechanics and mechanobiology, neither stress-strain curves nor tangent moduli have been reported. Here, equibiaxial tensile mechanical tests were conducted to assess the tangent modulus, strength and anisotropy of venous valve leaflet tissues from bovine jugular veins. Valvular tissues were stretched to 60% strain in both the circumferential and radial directions, and leaflet tissue stress-strain curves were generated for proximal and distal valves (i.e., valves closest and furthest from the right heart, respectively). Toward linking mechanical properties to leaflet microstructure and composition, Masson's trichrome and Verhoeff-Van Gieson staining and collagen assays were conducted. Results showed: (1) Proximal bovine jugular vein venous valves tended to be bicuspid (i.e., have two leaflets), while distal valves tended to be tricuspid; (2) leaflet tissues from proximal valves exhibited approximately threefold higher peak tangent moduli in the circumferential direction than in the orthogonal radial direction (i.e., proximal valve leaflet tissues were anisotropic; [Formula: see text]); (3) individual leaflets excised from the same valve apparatus appeared to exhibit different mechanical properties (i.e., intra-valve variability); and (4) leaflets from distal valves exhibited a trend of higher soluble collagen concentrations than proximal ones (i.e., inter-valve variability). To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first study reporting biaxial mechanical properties of venous valve leaflet tissues. These results provide a baseline for studying venous valve incompetence at the tissue level and a quantitative basis for prosthetic venous valve design.
|
['Animals', 'Biomechanical Phenomena', 'Cattle', 'Collagen', 'Elastic Modulus', 'Jugular Veins', 'Stress, Mechanical', 'Venous Valves']
| 28,631,145
|
[['B01.050'], ['G01.154.090', 'G01.374.089'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['D05.750.078.280', 'D12.776.860.300.250'], ['G01.374.590.605'], ['A07.015.908.498'], ['G01.374.835'], ['A07.015.908.950']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Survival-apoptosis associated signaling in GNE myopathy-cultured myoblasts.
|
GNE Myopathy (GNEM) is a neuromuscular disorder caused by mutations in the GNE gene. It is a slowly progressive distal and proximal muscle weakness sparing the quadriceps. In this study, we applied our model of mutated M743T GNE enzyme skeletal muscle-cultured myoblasts and paired healthy controls to depict the pattern of signaling proteins controlling survival and/or apoptosis of the PI3K/AKT, BCL2, ARTS/XIAP pathways, examined the effects of metabolic changes/stimuli on their expression and activation, and their potential role in GNEM. Immunoblot analysis of the GNEM myoblasts indicated a notable increased level of activated PTEN and PDK1 and a trend of relative differences in the expression and activation of the examined signaling molecules with variability among the cultures. ANOVA analysis showed a highly significant interaction between the level of PTEN and the patients groups. In parallel, the interaction between the level of BCL2, BAX and PTEN with the specific PI3K/AKT inhibitor-LY294002 was highly significant for BCL2 and nearly significant for PTEN and BAX. The pattern of the ARTS/XIAP signaling proteins of GNEM and the paired controls was variable, with no significant differences between the two cell types. The response of the GNEM cells to the metabolic changes/stimuli: serum depletion and insulin challenge, as indicated by expression of selected signaling proteins, was variable and similar to the control cells. Taken together, our observations provide a clearer insight into specific signaling molecules influencing growth and survival of GNEM muscle cells.
|
['Adult', 'Apoptosis', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Cell Survival', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Distal Myopathies', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Multienzyme Complexes', 'Mutant Proteins', 'Mutation', 'Myoblasts, Skeletal', 'PTEN Phosphohydrolase', 'Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases', 'Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2', 'Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Acetyl-Transferring Kinase', 'Septins', 'Signal Transduction', 'X-Linked Inhibitor of Apoptosis Protein', 'Young Adult']
| 25,510,413
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['G04.346'], ['A11.251'], ['C05.651.534.500.074', 'C10.668.491.175.500.074', 'C16.320.577.074'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D05.500.562', 'D08.811.600'], ['D12.776.602'], ['G05.365.590'], ['A11.872.620.500'], ['D08.811.277.352.650.850', 'D12.776.476.590', 'D12.776.624.776.695'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.500'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.755', 'D12.776.476.565', 'D12.776.624.664.700.168'], ['D12.644.360.075.718', 'D12.776.476.075.718', 'D12.776.624.664.700.169'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.783'], ['D08.811.277.040.330.300.700', 'D12.776.157.325.757', 'D12.776.220.932'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['D08.811.464.938.750.210.750', 'D12.644.360.075.437.750', 'D12.776.476.075.437.750'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Genome-wide analysis of abnormal H3K9 acetylation in cloned mice.
|
Somatic nuclear transfer is a cloning technique that shows great promise in the application to regenerative medicine. Although cloned animals are genetically identical to their donor counterparts, abnormalities in phenotype and gene expression are frequently observed. One hypothesis is that the cause of these abnormalities is due to epigenetic aberration. In this report, we focused our analysis on the acetylation of histone H3 at lysine9 (H3K9Ac). Through the use of whole genome tiling arrays and quantitative PCR, we examined this epigenetic event and directly compared and assessed the differences between a cloned mouse (C1) and its parental nuclear donor (D1) counterpart. We identified 4720 regions of chromosomal DNA that showed notable differences in H3K9Ac and report here many genes identified in these hyper- and hypo-acetylated regions. Analysis of a second clone (C2) and its parental donor counterpart (D2) for H3K9Ac showed a high degree of similarity to the C1/D1 pair. This conservation of aberrant acetylation is suggestive of a reproducible epigenetic phenomenon that may lead to the frequent abnormalities observed in cloned mice, such as obesity. Furthermore, we demonstrated Crp which was identified as a hyper-acetylated gene in this study is related to the body mass, suggesting that Crp is a possible candidate of a cause for the abnormal obesity in cloned mice. In this, one of the first reports describing genome-wide epigenetic aberration between parental and nuclear transfer-cloned mammals, we propose that aberrant acetylation of histones (H3K9Ac) flanking promoter regions highly correlates with gene-expression and may itself be an epigenetic change that accounts for variable expression patterns observed in cloned animals.
|
['Acetylation', 'Animals', 'Chromatin Immunoprecipitation', 'Cloning, Molecular', 'Epigenesis, Genetic', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Genome', 'Histones', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Mice, Inbred DBA', 'Models, Genetic', 'Phenotype', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Promoter Regions, Genetic']
| 18,398,451
|
[['G02.111.012.052', 'G02.607.063.052', 'G03.040.052'], ['B01.050'], ['E05.393.170', 'E05.478.605.160'], ['E05.393.220'], ['G05.308.203'], ['G05.308'], ['G05.360.340'], ['D12.776.157.687.485', 'D12.776.660.720.485', 'D12.776.664.469'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.500'], ['E05.599.395.397'], ['G05.695'], ['E05.393.620.500'], ['G02.111.570.080.689.675', 'G05.360.080.689.675', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.750.680']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Significance of postgamma protein fraction in tears.
|
Tear protein electrophoresis identifies three principal groups of proteins designated as fast-migrating proteins, globulins and postgamma protein fraction. Postgamma fraction represents 32% of total tear protein content and is antigenically constituted by lysozyme as a unique component. The clinical usefulness of determining tear lysozyme content by means of electrophoresis is pointed out.
|
['Adult', 'Cystatin C', 'Cystatins', 'Electrophoresis, Cellulose Acetate', 'Humans', 'Muramidase', 'Proteins', 'Tears']
| 3,822,396
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D12.776.215.300'], ['D12.776.215'], ['E05.196.401.200', 'E05.301.300.200'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D08.811.277.450.642'], ['D12.776'], ['A12.200.882']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
[The infratemporal fossa oncological surgery].
|
INTRODUCTION: The infratemopral fossa pathology cases are very rare. They grow unnoticed for considerable period until there are some impairments of function of the anatomical structures of the place. Aim. The aim of the paper was to recollect the information about rare cases the pathological state of the area in common laryngological practice. MATERIAL AND MEHOD: The study was carried out on three cases with tumors localizated in the infratemporal fossa, treated in Department of Otolaryngology of Military Clinical Hospital in Krakow (Poland) in the period from 2006 to 2008. The surgical treatment was preceded by precise picture diagnostic. The transzygomatiz approach were used in two cases. The buccal approach to maxilla in one case. Furthermore, in the last case the tumor expanded to parapharyngeal space which was explorated by parotido-cervical approach. The delayed post operative follow-up were carried out.
|
['Aged', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasm Staging', 'Skull Base', 'Skull Base Neoplasms', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Zygoma']
| 18,837,218
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.789.625'], ['A01.456.830', 'A02.835.232.781.750'], ['C04.588.149.721.828', 'C05.116.231.754.829'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['A02.835.232.781.324.995']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Benzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxamides and benzo[b]furan-2-carboxamides are potent antagonists of the human H3-receptor.
|
Benzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxamides and benzo[b]furan-2-carboxamides have been found to be antagonists on the human histamine-3-receptor, showing a Ki value of as low as 4 nM.
|
['Amides', 'Benzene', 'Furans', 'Histamine Antagonists', 'Humans', 'Molecular Structure', 'Receptors, Histamine H3', 'Structure-Activity Relationship', 'Thiophenes']
| 16,616,493
|
[['D02.065'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.023'], ['D03.383.312'], ['D27.505.519.625.375.425', 'D27.505.696.577.375.425'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G02.111.570', 'G02.466'], ['D12.776.543.750.670.450.500', 'D12.776.543.750.720.480.500'], ['G02.111.830', 'G07.690.773.997'], ['D02.886.778', 'D03.383.903']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Concentrations of some heavy metals in commercially important finfish and shellfish of the River Ganga.
|
Heavy metals are dangerous to aquatic organisms and it can be bioaccumulated in the food chain leading to diseases in human. Cumulative effects of metals or chronic poisoning may occur as a result of long-term exposure even to low concentrations. The accumulation of heavy metals varies depending upon the species, environmental conditions, and inhibitory processes. Concentrations of zinc, copper, lead, and cadmium were determined in finfish and shellfish species in the Gangetic delta using a PerkinElmer Sciex ELAN 5000 ICP mass spectrometer and expressed as milligrams per kilogram of dry weight. In finfish and shellfish species the concentrations of Zn, Cu, Pb, and Cd were comparatively higher at stations 1 and 2 than the permissible level of WHO. The concentration of metals exhibited significant spatial variation and followed the order station 1 > station 2 > station 3 > station 4, which may be related to different degree of contamination in different location. The metal accumulation exhibited species specificity.
|
['Animals', 'Fishes', 'India', 'Metals, Heavy', 'Rivers', 'Shellfish', 'Water Pollutants, Chemical']
| 21,660,552
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.493'], ['Z01.252.245.393'], ['D01.268.556', 'D01.552.544'], ['G01.311.750', 'G16.500.275.280.650', 'N06.230.232.650'], ['G07.203.300.600.875.700', 'J02.500.600.875.700'], ['D27.888.284.903.655']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Eye movement baseline oscillation and variability of eye position during foveation in congenital nystagmus.
|
Despite the inability to maintain steady fixation, congenital nystagmus does not necessarily reduce visual acuity, that can be achieved during the foveation periods. The duration of the foveation period, but also the cycle-to-cycle variability of eye position and velocity during foveations play an important role. A quantitative relationship that relates visual acuity with foveation time and cycle-to-cycle variability of eye position during foveation has been previously proposed. In many infrared-oculographic and electro-oculographic eye position recordings of our database, a sinusoidal-like oscillation of the baseline was observed, on which the nystagmus waveforms lay. This oscillation may contribute to increase cycle-to-cycle variability during foveations. The aim of this work is to extract the baseline oscillation from the recordings and to verify its relationship with eye position variability during foveation. On the basis of the observations, the baseline oscillation was assumed to be sinusoidal, and was estimated (using a least mean square technique) from eye movement signals recorded during fixation intervals, at different gaze positions, from 20 patients affected by congenital nystagmus with low visual acuity. The average baseline oscillation amplitude was 1.31 degrees, while the average frequency was 0.34 Hz. Baseline oscillation amplitude was well correlated (with a coefficient of 0.66) to the standard deviations of eye-position during foveation, which in turn is connected to visual acuity.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Child', 'Eye', 'Eye Movements', 'Female', 'Fovea Centralis', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Nystagmus, Congenital', 'Oscillometry', 'Visual Acuity']
| 14,661,903
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.406'], ['A01.456.505.420', 'A09.371'], ['G11.427.410.140', 'G14.350'], ['A09.371.729.522.436'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C10.292.562.675.300', 'C11.590.400.300', 'C16.614.643'], ['E05.654'], ['E01.370.380.850.950', 'F02.463.593.932.901', 'G14.940']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
The Efficacy of Concurrent or Sequential Intravenous and Intratympanic Steroid for Idiopathic Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss.
|
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this retrospective study was to investigate the difference in treatment outcomes for patients with idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) undergoing concurrent or sequential intravenous (IV) and intratympanic (IT) steroid therapies.METHODS: Patients with idiopathic SSNHL admitted to Taipei Veterans Hospital from August 2011 to August 2012 were enrolled. Patients were treated with both IV dexamethasone 5 mg b.i.d. for 5 days, then tapered over 6 days, and IT injections of dexamethasone 5 mg daily. The administration of IV and IT steroids was given either concurrently or sequentially (IV steroid was administered from days 1-5 followed by IT steroid treatment starting on day 4 or day 5). The hearing outcomes of the concurrent and sequential groups were analyzed.RESULTS: Overall, after ?2 months following treatment, across frequencies ranging from 250 to 8,000 Hz and pure-tone average (PTA) assessments, hearing improvements were similar between treatment groups, except at the frequencies of 4,000 and 8,000 Hz where the concurrent treatment group had greater hearing gain than the sequential group (4,000 Hz: 30.68 ± 28.96 vs. 14.52 ± 24.06 dB, respectively, p = 0.042; 8,000 Hz: 22.62 ± 23.59 vs. 7.67 ± 21 dB, p = 0.030). Across frequencies and PTA assessments, a similar percentage of patients had ?20-dB gains in hearing compared with patients treated sequentially, except at 8,000 Hz where a greater percentage of patients in the concurrent group (57.1%) than the sequential group (23.3%) (p = 0.014) had ?20-dB hearing gains.CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that both concurrent and sequential treatment improve hearing in patients with idiopathic SSNHL, and that concurrent treatment may show greater benefit than sequential therapy, particularly at high frequencies.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Audiometry, Pure-Tone', 'Dexamethasone', 'Female', 'Glucocorticoids', 'Hearing Loss, Sensorineural', 'Hearing Loss, Sudden', 'Humans', 'Injection, Intratympanic', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Tympanic Membrane']
| 30,537,751
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E01.370.382.375.060.055'], ['D04.210.500.745.432.769.344', 'D04.210.500.908.238'], ['D06.472.040.543', 'D27.505.696.399.472.488'], ['C09.218.458.341.887', 'C10.597.751.418.341.887', 'C23.888.592.763.393.341.887'], ['C09.218.458.341.900', 'C10.597.751.418.341.900', 'C23.888.592.763.393.341.900'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.319.267.530.655'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['A09.246.272.702']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Divergence in sex steroid hormone signaling between sympatric species of Japanese threespine stickleback.
|
Sex steroids mediate the expression of sexually dimorphic or sex-specific traits that are important both for mate choice within species and for behavioral isolation between species. We investigated divergence in sex steroid signaling between two sympatric species of threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus): the Japan Sea form and the Pacific Ocean form. These sympatric forms diverge in both male display traits and female mate choice behaviors, which together contribute to asymmetric behavioral isolation in sympatry. Here, we found that plasma levels of testosterone and 17â-estradiol differed between spawning females of the two sympatric forms. Transcript levels of follicle-stimulating hormone-â (FSHâ) gene were also higher in the pituitary gland of spawning Japan Sea females than in the pituitary gland of spawning Pacific Ocean females. By contrast, none of the sex steroids examined were significantly different between nesting males of the two forms. However, combining the plasma sex steroid data with testis transcriptome data suggested that the efficiency of the conversion of testosterone into 11-ketotestosterone has likely diverged between forms. Within forms, plasma testosterone levels in males were significantly correlated with male body size, a trait important for female mate choice in the two sympatric species. These results demonstrate that substantial divergence in sex steroid signaling can occur between incipient sympatric species. We suggest that investigation of the genetic and ecological mechanisms underlying divergence in hormonal signaling between incipient sympatric species will provide a better understanding of the mechanisms of speciation in animals.
|
['Animals', 'Female', 'Gonadal Steroid Hormones', 'Male', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Signal Transduction', 'Smegmamorpha', 'Species Specificity', 'Steroids']
| 22,216,225
|
[['B01.050'], ['D06.472.334.851'], ['E05.393.620.500'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['B01.050.150.900.493.850'], ['G16.824'], ['D04.210.500']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Discovery of a potent series of non-steroidal non á-trifluoromethyl carbinol glucocorticoid receptor agonists with reduced lipophilicity.
|
A novel series of indazole non-steroidal glucocorticoid receptor agonist has been discovered. This series features a sulfonamide central core and meta amides which interact with the extended ligand binding domain. This series has produced some of the most potent and least lipophilic agonists of which we are aware such as 20a (NFêB pIC(50) 8.3 (100%), clogP 1.9). Certain analogues in this series also display evidence for modulated pharmacology.
|
['Binding Sites', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Computer Simulation', 'Drug Evaluation, Preclinical', 'Humans', 'Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions', 'Indazoles', 'Receptors, Glucocorticoid', 'Structure-Activity Relationship', 'Sulfonamides']
| 21,257,309
|
[['G02.111.570.120'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['L01.224.160'], ['E05.290.750', 'E05.337.550'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G02.409'], ['D03.383.129.539.487', 'D03.633.100.449'], ['D12.776.826.750.430'], ['G02.111.830', 'G07.690.773.997'], ['D02.065.884', 'D02.886.590.700']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Novel scoring system using cardiopulmonary exercise testing predicts prognosis in heart failure patients receiving guideline-directed medical therapy.
|
BACKGROUND: Among variables obtained from cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPXT), peak oxygen consumption (PV?O2) and the minute ventilation vs. carbon dioxide output (V?E vs. V?CO2) slope were established as predictors of death of patients with heart failure (HF) at the cutoff points of 14 ml·min(-1)·kg(-1)and 34, respectively. However, a recent update of guideline-directed medical treatment (GDMT) might alter the implication of these variables.METHODS AND RESULTS: We enrolled 77 HF patients receiving GDMT who had undergone symptom-limited CPXT between 2006 and 2014. Among them, 29 patients were re-hospitalized for HF and there were 13 cardiac deaths during the 4-year study period. Cox regression analyses demonstrated that the V?E vs. V?CO2slope, peak heart rate, peak systolic blood pressure, and PV?O2were significant predictors of both re-admission and cardiac death at each cutoff point calculated by receiver-operating characteristic analyses. A new scoring system was constructed using the following criteria: 1 point was assigned to a variable meeting the cutoff point for re-admission; 2 points were assigned to that for cardiac death. The total scores calculated as the summation of each point (range, 0-8 points) had significantly highest area under the curves compared with each CPXT variable (P<0.05), and significantly stratified both event-free rate into 3 groups (P<0.05).CONCLUSIONS: A novel scoring system using 4 CPXT variables simultaneously predicted re-admission and cardiac death even in patients with HF receiving GDMT.
|
['Adult', 'Exercise Test', 'Female', 'Guideline Adherence', 'Heart Failure', 'Heart Rate', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Oxygen Consumption', 'Patient Readmission', 'Predictive Value of Tests']
| 25,739,339
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E01.370.370.380.250', 'E01.370.386.700.250', 'E05.333.250'], ['N04.761.337', 'N05.715.360.395'], ['C14.280.434'], ['E01.370.600.875.500', 'G09.330.380.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G03.680'], ['E02.760.400.620', 'N02.421.585.400.620'], ['E05.318.370.800.650', 'N05.715.360.325.700.640', 'N06.850.520.445.800.650']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Corrosive esophageal strictures: long-term effectiveness of balloon dilation in 117 patients.
|
PURPOSE: To retrospectively evaluate the long-term results of balloon dilation in the treatment of corrosive esophageal strictures and to identify prognostic factors associated with clinical outcome.MATERIALS AND METHODS: From January 1987 to June 2006, balloon dilation was undertaken in 117 patients with corrosive esophageal strictures. Information on recurrence and complications was obtained. Recurrence rates and factors predicting recurrences were evaluated with Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox multivariate analysis. Tested variables were age, sex, corrosive agent, stricture length, stricture number, severity of stricture as judged by the resistance to dilation, and stage (early chronic [3 weeks to 6 months] vs late chronic [>6 months]).RESULTS: The mean follow-up period was 51 months (range, 1-174 months). Thirty patients (26%) had no recurrence after initial balloon dilation. Twenty-three patients (20%) experienced no recurrence after one or two additional balloon dilation procedures. Forty-five of 117 patients (38%) experienced esophageal rupture (mostly intramural rupture). Early chronic stage (P=.003) and resistance to balloon dilation in the late chronic stage (P=.034) were significantly associated with recurrence after balloon dilation.CONCLUSIONS: Balloon dilation is associated with minimal complications and is valuable as an initial therapy in patients with corrosive esophageal stricture. However, the recurrence rate after balloon dilation is rather high, with early chronic stage and resistance to dilation in the late chronic stage associated with poor clinical outcome. An algorithm combining balloon dilation with temporary stent placement is proposed for the subsets of patients prone to stricture recurrence.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Catheterization', 'Caustics', 'Contrast Media', 'Esophageal Stenosis', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Proportional Hazards Models', 'Recurrence', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 18,440,463
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['E02.148', 'E05.157'], ['D27.720.185', 'D27.888.569.185'], ['D27.505.259.500', 'D27.720.259'], ['C06.405.117.544'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.740.500.700', 'E05.318.740.600.700', 'E05.318.740.750.725', 'E05.318.740.998.825', 'E05.599.835.900', 'N05.715.360.750.530.650', 'N05.715.360.750.625.650', 'N05.715.360.750.695.650', 'N05.715.360.750.795.825', 'N06.850.520.830.500.700', 'N06.850.520.830.600.700', 'N06.850.520.830.750.725', 'N06.850.520.830.998.912'], ['C23.550.291.937'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Luteinizing hormone-releasing factor-like immunoreactivity in islet cells and insulomas of the human pancreas.
|
Luteinizing hormone-releasing factor (LRF)-like immunoreactivity was demonstrated by a three-layer immunoperoxidase method in the islet cells of human pancreas and in the neoplastic cells of insulomas. Adenocarcinomas originating in the exocrine pancreas were LRF-negative. The results demonstrate another hypothalamic peptide-like material in the gastrointestinal tract, the biological role of which remains to be clarified.
|
['Adenocarcinoma', 'Adenoma, Islet Cell', 'Female', 'Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone', 'Humans', 'Immunoenzyme Techniques', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Pancreas', 'Pancreatic Neoplasms']
| 232,493
|
[]
|
[]
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Ketamine exposure during embryogenesis inhibits cellular proliferation in rat fetal cortical neurogenic regions.
|
BACKGROUND: Developmental neurotoxicity of ketamine, an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist, must be considered due to its widespread uses for sedation/analgesia/anesthesia in pediatric and obstetric settings. Dose-dependent effects of ketamine on cellular proliferation in the neurogenic regions of rat fetal cortex [ventricular zone (VZ) and subventricular zone (SVZ)] were investigated in this in vivo study.METHODS: Timed-pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats at embryonic day 17 (E17) were given with different doses of ketamine intraperitoneally (0, 1, 2, 10, 20, 40, and 100 mg/kg). Proliferating cells in the rat fetal brains were labeled by injecting 100 mg/kg of 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) intraperitoneally. BrdU-labeled cells were detected by immunostaining methods. The numbers of BrdU-positive cells in VZ and SVZ of rat fetal cortex were employed to quantify proliferation in the developing rat cortex.RESULTS: Ketamine dose-dependently reduced the number of BrdU-positive cells in VZ (P < 0.001) and SVZ (P < 0.001) of the rat fetal cortex. SVZ showed greater susceptibility to ketamine-induced reduction of proliferation in rat fetal cortex, occurring even at clinically relevant doses (2 mg/kg).CONCLUSION: These data suggest that exposure to ketamine during embryogenesis can dose-dependently inhibit the cellular proliferation in neurogenic regions of the rat fetal cortex.
|
['Anesthetics, Dissociative', 'Animals', 'Brain', 'Cell Count', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Cerebral Cortex', 'Cerebral Ventricles', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Embryonic Development', 'Female', 'Ketamine', 'Lateral Ventricles', 'Neurogenesis', 'Pregnancy', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley']
| 26,822,861
|
[['D27.505.696.277.100.035.075.035', 'D27.505.954.427.210.100.035.075.035'], ['B01.050'], ['A08.186.211'], ['E01.370.225.500.195', 'E05.200.500.195', 'E05.242.195', 'G04.140'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500'], ['A08.186.211.140'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['G07.345.500.325.180', 'G08.686.784.170.104'], ['D02.455.426.392.368.367.652'], ['A08.186.211.140.650'], ['G04.152.912', 'G07.345.500.325.377.687', 'G08.686.784.170.450.500', 'G11.561.620'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Lethality of cardiovascular events highlights the variable impact of complication type between thoracoscopic and open pulmonary lobectomies.
|
BACKGROUND: This study examines the impact of postoperative complications by type on perioperative mortality in lobectomies performed by thoracoscopic (video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery [VATS]) and open thoracotomy (OPEN) approaches for primary lung cancer.METHODS: A retrospective analysis of the Healthcare and Utilization Project Nationwide Inpatient Sample (HCUP-NIS) database from 2007 to 2010 was performed. Patients with primary lung malignancies undergoing pulmonary lobectomy were selected using International Classification of Diseases, 9th edition, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) codes. Perioperative complications within a 30-day period from the operation were identified and recorded using ICD-9-CM codes. Multivariate statistical analysis was performed using Poisson and logistic regression modeling.RESULTS: There were 24,253 patients included in the analysis, with 5,223 in the VATS cohort and 19,030 in the OPEN cohort. An increased number of complications were associated with increased mortality in both the VATS and OPEN cohorts. The probability of mortality was higher in the OPEN cohort, with 0 or 1 complication, but this difference was lost as the number of complications increased. When categorized by complication type, pulmonary, cardiovascular, wound-related, systemic, and gastrointestinal complications were commonly associated with mortality in both groups. When comparing the number of complications by type between the VATS and OPEN cohorts, cardiovascular (odds ratio [OR], 2.19; p = 0.001) and wound-related (OR, 1.77; p = 0.041) complications were more strongly associated with mortality in the VATS cohort.CONCLUSIONS: When cardiovascular complications occur after VATS lobectomy, their impact appears to be more significant than those occurring after OPEN lobectomies. This observation deserves further study because of a likely multifactorial explanation.
|
['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Cardiovascular Diseases', 'Female', 'Hospital Mortality', 'Humans', 'Lung Neoplasms', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Pneumonectomy', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Thoracic Surgery, Video-Assisted', 'Thoracotomy']
| 24,370,204
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['C14'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.400', 'N01.224.935.698.400', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.400', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.588.894.797.520', 'C08.381.540', 'C08.785.520'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E04.620', 'E04.928.600.600'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E01.370.388.250.840.830', 'E01.370.388.250.950.830', 'E04.502.250.840.830', 'E04.502.250.950.830', 'E04.928.752.830'], ['E04.928.760']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Pharmacokinetics of insulin aspart and glucagon in type 1 diabetes during closed-loop operation.
|
BACKGROUND: We assessed the pharmacokinetics of subcutaneous insulin aspart and glucagon during closed-loop operation and their relationship with body composition variables.METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed data collected from closed-loop experiments in 15 type 1 diabetes patients (age 47.1 ± 12.3 years, body mass index 25.9 ± 4.6 kg/m², glycated hemoglobin 7.9% ± 0.7%). Patients received an evening meal accompanied with prandial insulin bolus and stayed in the clinical facility until the next morning. Glucose levels were regulated by dual-hormone closed-loop delivery. Insulin and glucagon were delivered using two subcutaneous infusion pumps installed on the abdominal wall. Plasma insulin and glucagon were measured every 10-30 min. Percentage of body fat, percentage of fat in the abdominal area, and mass of abdominal fat were measured by dual X-ray absorptiometry.RESULTS: A pharmacokinetic model estimated time-to-peak plasma concentrations [t(max) insulin 51 (19) min, t(max) glucagon 19 (4) min, mean (standard deviation)], metabolic clearance rate [MCR insulin 0.019 (0.015-0.026) liter/kg/min, MCR glucagon 0.012 (0.010-0.014) liter/kg/min, median (interquartile range)], and the background plasma concentrations [I(b) insulin 10.2 (6.3-15.2) mU/liter, I(b) glucagon 50 (45-56) pg/ml, median (interquartile range)]. t(max) correlated positively between insulin and glucagon (r = 0.7; p = .007) while MCR correlated negatively (r = -0.7; p = .015). In this small sample size, t(max), MCR, and I(b) of insulin and glucagon did not correlate with percentage of body fat, percentage of fat in the abdominal area, or total mass of abdominal fat.CONCLUSIONS: Insulin and glucagon pharmacokinetics might be related during closed-loop operation. Our data suggest that slower absorption of insulin is associated with slower absorption of glucagon. Body composition does not seem to influence insulin and glucagon pharmacokinetics.
|
['Adult', 'Body Composition', 'Body Mass Index', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1', 'Glucagon', 'Humans', 'Hypoglycemic Agents', 'Infusions, Subcutaneous', 'Insulin Aspart', 'Metabolic Clearance Rate', 'Middle Aged', 'Retrospective Studies']
| 24,351,176
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['G02.111.130', 'G03.180', 'G07.100.049'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.125', 'E05.041.124.125', 'G07.100.100.125', 'N06.850.505.200.100.175'], ['C18.452.394.750.124', 'C19.246.267', 'C20.111.327'], ['D06.472.699.587.730.500', 'D12.644.548.586.730.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D27.505.696.422'], ['E02.319.267.510.795'], ['D06.472.699.587.200.400.100', 'D12.644.548.586.200.400.100'], ['E01.370.225.843', 'E05.200.843', 'G03.490', 'G07.690.595', 'G07.690.725.513'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Effects of ELF capacitively coupled weak electric fields on metabolism of 6B1 cells.
|
In this study, we adopted several methods of MTT colorimetry, DAPI fluorimetry and ELISA to study the effects of extremely low frequency (ELF) capacitively coupled electric fields (EFs) on the metabolism of 6B1 cells. The result shows that 50 mV cm(-1) ELF EF (10-100 Hz) has no significant effect on proliferation, DNA synthesis and activity of succinate dehydrogenase of 6B1 cells, indicating that the effect of ELF (10-100 Hz) EF on the metabolism of 6B1 cells is not obvious. However, 50 mV cm(-1), 50 Hz EF significantly promotes the HBs-Ab (Hepatitis B surface antibody) secretion of 6B1 cells, implying that under this situation, EF has some distinctive effect on the outerface of 6B1 cell membrane.
|
['Cell Division', 'Cell Line', 'Colorimetry', 'Electricity', 'Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay', 'Fluorometry', 'Mitochondria', 'Succinate Dehydrogenase']
| 10,379,556
|
[['G04.144.220', 'G04.161.750.500', 'G05.113', 'G07.345.249.410.750.500'], ['A11.251.210'], ['E05.196.922.250'], ['G01.358.500.249'], ['E05.478.566.350.170', 'E05.478.566.380.360', 'E05.478.583.400.170', 'E05.601.470.350.170', 'E05.601.470.380.360'], ['E05.196.712.516.600'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.564', 'A11.284.835.626'], ['D05.500.562.750.249.500', 'D08.811.600.250.500.750.500', 'D08.811.600.250.875.249.500', 'D08.811.682.660.385.500', 'D08.811.682.830.249.500', 'D12.776.157.427.374.375.909.500', 'D12.776.331.199.750.500', 'D12.776.543.277.500.750.500', 'D12.776.543.277.875.249.500', 'D12.776.556.579.374.375.141.500']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Everyday empathic accuracy in younger and older couples: do you need to see your partner to know his or her feelings?
|
On average, older adults are less accurate than younger adults at recognizing emotions from faces or voices. We challenge the view that such differences in emotion-recognition tasks reflect differences in empathic accuracy (the ability to infer other people's feelings): Empathic accuracy relies not only on sensory cues (e.g., emotional expressions) but also on knowledge about the target person. Using smartphone-based measures, we assessed empathic accuracy in younger and older couples' daily lives and found that younger adults' empathic accuracy was higher than older adults' empathic accuracy when their partners were visibly present. During the partners' absence, however, when judgments relied exclusively on knowledge of those partners, no age differences emerged, and performance in both age groups was still more accurate than chance. We conclude that across adulthood, sensory information and knowledge differentially support empathic accuracy. Laboratory emotion-recognition tasks may therefore underestimate older adults' empathic competencies.
|
['Adult', 'Age Factors', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Aging', 'Emotions', 'Empathy', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Interpersonal Relations', 'Male', 'Recognition, Psychology', 'Sexual Partners', 'Young Adult']
| 24,013,188
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['G07.345.124'], ['F01.470'], ['F01.752.355', 'F01.752.543.500.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.829.401'], ['F02.463.425.540.706'], ['M01.778'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Mice with a Mutation in the Mdm2 Gene That Interferes with MDM2/Ribosomal Protein Binding Develop a Defect in Erythropoiesis.
|
MDM2, an E3 ubiquitin ligase, is an important negative regulator of tumor suppressor p53. In turn the Mdm2 gene is a transcriptional target of p53, forming a negative feedback loop that is important in cell cycle control. It has recently become apparent that the ubiquitination of p53 by MDM2 can be inhibited when certain ribosomal proteins, including RPL5 and RPL11, bind to MDM2. This inhibition, and the resulting increase in p53 levels has been proposed to be responsible for the red cell aplasia seen in Diamond-Blackfan anemia (DBA) and in 5q- myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). DBA and 5q- MDS are associated with inherited (DBA) or acquired (5q- MDS) haploinsufficiency of ribosomal proteins. A mutation in Mdm2 causing a C305F amino acid substitution blocks the binding of ribosomal proteins. Mice harboring this mutation (Mdm2C305F), retain a normal p53 response to DNA damage, but lack the p53 response to perturbations in ribosome biogenesis. While studying the interaction between RP haploinsufficiency and the Mdm2C305F mutation we noticed that Mdm2C305F homozygous mice had altered hematopoiesis. These mice developed a mild macrocytic anemia with reticulocytosis. In the bone marrow (BM), these mice showed a significant decrease in Ter119hi cells compared to wild type (WT) littermates, while no decrease in the number of mature erythroid cells (Ter119hiCD71low) was found in the spleen, which showed compensated bone marrow hematopoiesis. In methylcellulose cultures, BFU-E colonies from the mutant mice were slightly reduced in number and there was a significant reduction in CFU-E colony numbers in mutant mice compared with WT controls (p < 0.01). This erythropoietic defect was abrogated by concomitant p53 deficiency (Trp53ko/ko). Further investigation revealed that in Mdm2C305F animals, there was a decrease in Lin-Sca-1+c-Kit+ (LSK) cells, accompanied by significant decreases in multipotent progenitor (MPP) cells (p < 0.01). Competitive BM repopulation experiments showed that donor BM harboring the Mdm2C305F mutation possessed decreased repopulation capacity compared to WT BM, suggesting a functional stem cell deficit. These results suggest that there is a fine tuned balance in the interaction of ribosomal proteins with the MDM2/p53 axis which is important in normal hematopoiesis.
|
['Amino Acid Substitution', 'Anemia, Diamond-Blackfan', 'Animals', 'Bone Marrow', 'Erythroid Cells', 'Erythropoiesis', 'Haploinsufficiency', 'Mice', 'Mice, Knockout', 'Mutation, Missense', 'Myelodysplastic Syndromes', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mdm2', 'Ribosomal Proteins', 'Ribosomes', 'Tumor Suppressor Protein p53']
| 27,042,854
|
[['E05.393.420.601.035', 'G05.558.109'], ['C15.378.071.085.080.090', 'C15.378.071.750.500', 'C15.378.190.223.500.500.090', 'C16.320.077.090'], ['B01.050'], ['A15.382.216'], ['A11.443'], ['G04.152.825.414', 'G09.188.343.414'], ['G05.365.590.029.530.587', 'G05.380.350.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.136.500.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.455', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800.500'], ['G05.365.590.650'], ['C15.378.190.625'], ['D08.811.464.938.750.562', 'D12.776.624.664.700.185', 'D12.776.660.764'], ['D12.776.835'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.811'], ['D12.776.157.687.650', 'D12.776.260.820', 'D12.776.624.776.775', 'D12.776.660.720.650', 'D12.776.744.845']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Fast homogeneous assay for plasma procarboxypeptidase U.
|
Carboxypeptidase U (EC 3.4.17.20, CPU, TAFIa) is a novel determinant of the fibrinolytic rate. It circulates as an inactive zymogen, procarboxypeptidase U, which becomes active during the process of coagulation. We developed a high throughput method on microtiter plates for the determination of the procarboxypeptidase U concentration in human plasma samples. Following activation of procarboxypeptidase U by thrombin-thrombomodulin, the resulting enzyme activity cleaves p-OH-Hip-Arg and the generated p-OH-hippuric acid is converted by hippuricase to p-hydroxybenzoic acid and glycine. Finally, oxidative coupling of p-hydroxybenzoic acid with 4-aminoantipyrine by NaIO4 forms the quinoneimine dye. The absorbance of the latter dye is determined at 506 nm in a microtiter plate reader. A mean value of 620 U/l was found, with a CV of 3.0% within-run and 4.3% between-run. The assay showed a good correlation with the activities observed using a HPLC assay as reference method (n = 25, r = 0.979). The presented method enables the routine analysis of large sample pools in clinical setting.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Amidohydrolases', 'Carboxypeptidase B2', 'Enzyme Activation', 'Female', 'Fibrinolysis', 'Hippurates', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Reference Values', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Thrombin', 'Thrombomodulin']
| 11,601,677
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D08.811.277.087'], ['D08.811.277.656.350.245.125', 'D08.811.277.656.350.555.225', 'D08.811.277.656.675.555.225', 'D08.811.277.656.837.092'], ['G02.111.263', 'G03.328'], ['G09.188.390.150.390'], ['D02.065.277.431', 'D02.241.223.100.100.400', 'D02.241.755.360', 'D02.455.426.559.389.127.085.460'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.978.810'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.760.855', 'D08.811.277.656.959.350.855', 'D12.776.124.125.890', 'D23.119.960'], ['D12.776.395.550.625.800.800', 'D12.776.543.550.625.800.800', 'D12.776.543.750.705.675.892.800', 'D12.776.543.750.750.850.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Differential cytokine expression by human dendritic cells in response to different Porphyromonas gingivalis capsular serotypes.
|
AIM: Capsular polysaccharides play an important role in the virulence of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. In Porphyromonas gingivalis, six serotypes have been described based on capsular antigenicity and its pathogenicity has been correlated both in vitro and in animal models. This study aimed to investigate the differential response of human dendritic cells (DCs) when stimulated with different P. gingivalis capsular serotypes.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Using different multiplicity of infection (MOI) of the encapsulated strains K1-K6 and the non-encapsulated K(-) strain of P. gingivalis, the mRNA expression levels for interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-2, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, IL-13, interferon (IFN)-gamma, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, and TNF-beta in stimulated DCs were quantified by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction.RESULTS: All P. gingivalis capsular serotypes induced a T-helper type 1 (Th1) pattern of cytokine expression. K1- and K2-stimulated DCs expressed higher levels of IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-12p35, IL-12p40, and IFN-gamma and at lower MOI than DCs stimulated with the other strains.CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate a differential potential of P. gingivalis capsular serotypes to induce DC responses and a higher capacity of strains K1 W83 and K2 HG184 than other K serotypes to trigger cytokine expression.
|
['Antigens, Bacterial', 'Bacterial Capsules', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Cytokines', 'Dendritic Cells', 'Humans', 'Interferon-gamma', 'Interleukin-10', 'Interleukin-12', 'Interleukin-12 Subunit p35', 'Interleukin-12 Subunit p40', 'Interleukin-13', 'Interleukin-1beta', 'Interleukin-2', 'Interleukin-5', 'Interleukin-6', 'Lymphotoxin-alpha', 'Polysaccharides, Bacterial', 'Porphyromonas gingivalis', 'Serotyping', 'Th1 Cells', 'Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha', 'Virulence']
| 19,682,172
|
[['D23.050.161'], ['A20.186'], ['A11.251'], ['D12.644.276.374', 'D12.776.467.374', 'D23.529.374'], ['A11.066.270', 'A11.436.270', 'A15.382.066.270', 'A15.382.670.260'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.644.276.374.440.893', 'D12.644.276.374.480.615.350', 'D12.776.467.374.440.893', 'D12.776.467.374.480.615.350', 'D23.529.374.440.893', 'D23.529.374.480.615.350'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.510', 'D12.776.467.374.465.510', 'D23.529.374.465.510'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.512', 'D12.776.467.374.465.512', 'D23.529.374.465.512'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.512.249', 'D12.776.467.374.465.512.249', 'D23.529.374.465.512.249'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.512.500', 'D12.644.276.374.465.759.249', 'D12.776.467.374.465.512.500', 'D12.776.467.374.465.759.249', 'D23.529.374.465.512.500', 'D23.529.374.465.550.249'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.513', 'D12.776.467.374.465.513', 'D23.529.374.465.513'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.010.600', 'D12.644.276.374.500.400.600', 'D12.776.467.374.465.010.600', 'D12.776.467.374.500.400.600', 'D23.529.374.465.131.600', 'D23.529.374.500.400.600'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.021', 'D12.644.276.374.480.372', 'D12.776.467.374.465.021', 'D12.776.467.374.480.372', 'D23.529.374.465.155', 'D23.529.374.480.372'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.202', 'D12.776.467.374.465.186', 'D23.529.374.465.202'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.224', 'D12.776.467.374.465.202', 'D23.529.374.465.224'], ['D12.644.276.374.480.438', 'D12.644.276.374.750.500', 'D12.776.467.374.480.438', 'D12.776.467.374.750.500', 'D23.529.374.480.438', 'D23.529.374.750.500'], ['D09.698.718', 'D23.050.161.616'], ['B03.440.080.094.625.515', 'B03.440.425.410.194.625.515'], ['E01.370.225.812.742', 'E01.370.225.875.150.125.890', 'E05.200.812.742', 'E05.200.875.150.125.890', 'E05.478.594.780'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.550.500.400.900', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.200.400.900', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.500.400.900', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.550.500.400.500', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.200.400.500', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.500.400.500', 'A15.382.490.555.567.550.500.400.900', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.200.400.900', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.500.400.900'], ['D12.644.276.374.500.800', 'D12.644.276.374.750.626', 'D12.776.124.900', 'D12.776.395.930', 'D12.776.467.374.500.800', 'D12.776.467.374.750.626', 'D23.529.374.500.800', 'D23.529.374.750.626'], ['G06.930']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Student anxiety in introductory biology classrooms: Perceptions about active learning and persistence in the major.
|
Many researchers have called for implementation of active learning practices in undergraduate science classrooms as one method to increase retention and persistence in STEM, yet there has been little research on the potential increases in student anxiety that may accompany these practices. This is of concern because excessive anxiety can decrease student performance. Levels and sources of student anxiety in three introductory biology lecture classes were investigated via an online survey and student interviews. The survey (n = 327) data revealed that 16% of students had moderately high classroom anxiety, which differed among the three classes. All five active learning classroom practices that were investigated caused student anxiety, with students voluntarily answering a question or being called on to answer a question causing higher anxiety than working in groups, completing worksheets, or answering clicker questions. Interviews revealed that student anxiety seemed to align with communication apprehension, social anxiety, and test anxiety. Additionally, students with higher general anxiety were more likely to self-report lower course grade and the intention to leave the major. These data suggest that a subset of students in introductory biology experience anxiety in response to active learning, and its potential impacts should be investigated.
|
['Anxiety', 'Biology', 'Educational Measurement', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Problem-Based Learning', 'Students', 'Surveys and Questionnaires']
| 28,771,564
|
[['F01.470.132'], ['H01.158.273'], ['I02.399'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F02.463.425.720', 'I02.158.660', 'I02.903.565'], ['M01.848'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Dynamic measurement of the viscoelastic properties of skin.
|
A wave propagation technique was used to measure the dynamic viscoelastic properties of excised skin when subjected to a low incremental strain. The propagation velocity, attenuation, and storage and loss moduli were determined from measured characteristics of a pulse propagating along a strip of skin. Experiments were conducted with the skin subjected to static stresses of 1500 Pa and 20,000 Pa. At low static stresses the skin response was viscoelastic with a loss tangent of approximately 0.6. In the frequency range of 0-1000 Hz, the wave velocity was relatively constant while the attenuation increased roughly linearly with frequency. However, results depended on the static stress. At the higher stress level the velocity was greater and the attenuation less than at the lower stress. At low stresses both the storage and loss moduli were relatively constant over the frequency range tested. The strong viscoelastic behavior of the tissue at higher frequencies is not predicted from models of the tissue determined from quasi-static test methods. In selecting a model to describe the behavior of skin, the test methods used for establishing the model must be consistent with its intended application.
|
['Animals', 'Elasticity', 'Humans', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Rabbits', 'Reference Values', 'Skin Physiological Phenomena', 'Stress, Mechanical', 'Viscosity']
| 2,037,615
|
[['B01.050'], ['G01.374.590'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.481'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.968.700'], ['E05.978.810'], ['G13.750'], ['G01.374.835'], ['G02.930']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Changing a conserved amino acid in R2R3-MYB transcription repressors results in cytoplasmic accumulation and abolishes their repressive activity in Arabidopsis.
|
Sub-group 4 R2R3-type MYB transcription factors, including MYB3, MYB4, MYB7 and MYB32, act as repressors in phenylpropanoid metabolism. These proteins contain the conserved MYB domain and the ethylene-responsive element binding factor-associated amphiphilic repression (EAR) repression domain. Additionally, MYB4, MYB7 and MYB32 possess a putative zinc-finger domain and a conserved GY/FDFLGL motif in their C-termini. The protein 'sensitive to ABA and drought 2' (SAD2) recognizes the nuclear pore complex, which then transports the SAD2-MYB4 complex into the nucleus. Here, we show that the conserved GY/FDFLGL motif contributes to the interaction between MYB factors and SAD2. The Asp ? Asn mutation in the GY/FDFLGL motif abolishes the interaction between MYB transcription factors and SAD2, and therefore they cannot be transported into the nucleus and cannot repress their target genes. We found that MYB4(D261N) loses the capacity to repress expression of the cinnamate 4-hydroxylase (C4H) gene and biosynthesis of sinapoyl malate. Our results indicate conservation among MYB transcription factors in terms of their interaction with SAD2. Therefore, the Asp ? Asn mutation may be used to engineer transcription factors.
|
['Arabidopsis', 'Arabidopsis Proteins', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Plant', 'Plants, Genetically Modified', 'Point Mutation', 'Repressor Proteins', 'Transcription, Genetic']
| 26,332,741
|
[['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.157.100'], ['D12.776.765.149'], ['G05.308.375'], ['B01.650.520', 'B05.620.600'], ['G05.365.590.675'], ['D12.776.260.703', 'D12.776.930.780'], ['G02.111.873', 'G05.297.700']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Effect of the DNA replication velocity on the response of Salmonella typhimurium to mild heating.
|
Changes in the DNA replication velocity of Salmonella typhimurium following mild heat stress (52 degrees C) were studied independently of the major physiological parameter of growth rate, using thymine-requiring mutant strains derived from Salm. typhimurium LT2. The isolated mutant strains BM1 or BM2, grown either as batch or chemostat cultures, showed a greater sensitivity to 52 degrees C heat stress when grown on a minimal medium containing near-limiting concentrations of thymine, compared with growth in the presence of excess thymine. Radiolabelling experiments provided evidence for alterations in the velocity of DNA replication upon growth on different thymine concentrations, independent of the growth rate. Thus, replicating DNA was implicated as the major site of injury after mild moist heat stress.
|
['Culture Media', 'DNA Replication', 'DNA, Bacterial', 'Hot Temperature', 'Salmonella typhimurium', 'Thymidine']
| 2,179,199
|
[['D27.720.470.305', 'E07.206'], ['G02.111.225', 'G05.226'], ['D13.444.308.212'], ['G01.906.595.543', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710.380', 'G16.500.750.775.710.380', 'N06.230.300.100.725.232', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710.380'], ['B03.440.450.425.800.200.825', 'B03.660.250.150.710.160.760'], ['D03.383.742.680.705', 'D13.570.230.855', 'D13.570.685.705']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Characterization and overproduction of EcoO109I methyltransferase.
|
In order to characterize EcoO109I methyltransferase, a recombinant Escherichia coli clone that overproduces the enzyme was constructed. The coding region of M.EcoO109I was joined to the lac promoter of an expression vector, pUC118, and the resulting plasmid was introduced into E. coli HB101. M.EcoO109I was purified homogeneously from IPTG-induced cells, and was found to consist of a monomer subunit. M.EcoO109I uniquely methylates the inner deoxycytidylate residue in the sequence 5'-(A/G)GGNCC(C/T)-3' to produce 5-methylcytosine. The enzyme was most active at pH 8.0-8.5 and 50 degrees C. The enzyme activity was not affected by the addition of Mg2+ or EDTA.
|
['Base Sequence', 'Binding Sites', 'Cloning, Molecular', 'DNA Methylation', 'DNA, Bacterial', 'Deoxyribonucleases, Type II Site-Specific', 'Escherichia coli', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Plasmids', 'Recombinant Proteins', 'Substrate Specificity']
| 11,791,726
|
[['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['G02.111.570.120'], ['E05.393.220'], ['G02.111.035.538.161', 'G02.111.218', 'G03.059.538.161', 'G05.206'], ['D13.444.308.212'], ['D08.811.150.280.260', 'D08.811.277.352.335.350.300.260', 'D08.811.277.352.355.325.300.260'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['G02.300'], ['G05.360.600'], ['D12.776.828'], ['G02.111.835']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
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