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Effect of nickel deficiency on biochemical variables in serum, liver, heart and kidneys of goats.
|
Nickel deficiency was induced in 2- to 4-year-old goats by feeding 0.1 mg Ni/kg dry matter with a semisynthetic diet. The control group consumed 5.0 mg Ni/kg d.m. Activity of several enzymes (SDH, LDH, HBDH, AST, ALT, ALD, CK, CHE) was determined in the serum, liver, heart and kidneys. Serum urea-N level was also measured and transmission electron microscopic (TEM) examinations were performed. Signs characteristic of nickel deficiency (retarded growth, increased mortality of dam and offspring, parakeratosis of the skin) appeared in the low-nickel group. The activity of SDH and ALD, as well as the level of urea-N was significantly lower in the serum of Ni-deficient animals than in the control. Ni-deficient animals also had significantly lower enzyme activities in the heart (SDH, HBDH, AST, ALT, ALD and CK), liver (SDH and CHE) and kidneys (HBDH and CK). Electron micrographs showed degeneration of cardiac and skeletal muscle in the Ni-deficient animals. Ni deficiency elicited changes primarily in the heart and these resulted in depressed activity of several enzymes.
|
['Animals', 'Female', 'Goat Diseases', 'Goats', 'Kidney', 'Liver', 'Myocardium', 'Nickel']
| 1,785,440
|
[['B01.050'], ['C22.405'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.513'], ['A05.810.453'], ['A03.620'], ['A02.633.580', 'A07.541.704', 'A10.690.552.750'], ['D01.268.556.607', 'D01.268.956.625', 'D01.552.544.607']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
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|
Life-long screening of patients with intermediate-thickness cutaneous melanoma for asymptomatic pulmonary recurrences: a cost-effectiveness analysis.
|
BACKGROUND: Costs and potential benefits of an intensive chest X-ray (CXR) screening program to detect asymptomatic pulmonary metastases in patients with intermediate-thickness, local, cutaneous melanoma were assessed.METHODS: Cost-effectiveness analysis from a societal perspective was performed using data on recurrence detection from an historic cohort at Roswell Park Cancer Institute and other published studies, estimates of new cases of melanoma in 1996 from the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program, and estimates of cost and treatment benefits from published articles retrieved through MEDLINE. Net costs were calculated as the added cost of CXR screening to regular follow-up and the costs incurred in the surgical treatment of lung recurrences. Net benefits were calculated as potential savings in nonquality-adjusted life years (NQALY) and quality-adjusted life years (QALY) resulting from surgical treatment. Cost-effectiveness ratios were calculated as the present value of net costs divided by net benefits, with benefits presented in discounted and undiscounted forms.RESULTS: For the base case, cost of screening per NQALY was $150,000 and was $165,000 for QALY in 1996 dollars using undiscounted health benefits. Screening accounted for approximately 80% of program costs and treatment accounted for 20%. Annual cost-effectiveness ratios were lowest in Years 3-10 of screening. The total cost of a 20-year screening program for patients diagnosed in 1996 was estimated to be between $27-$32 million.CONCLUSIONS: Even in the absence of certain benefits, the model demonstrates that significant cost savings may be possible by decreasing screening frequency in the first 2 years and limiting screening to the first 5-10 years after diagnosis.
|
['Aged', 'Cost-Benefit Analysis', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Lung Neoplasms', 'Male', 'Mass Chest X-Ray', 'Melanoma', 'Middle Aged', 'Population Surveillance', 'Quality-Adjusted Life Years', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Skin Neoplasms']
| 9,305,705
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['N03.219.151.125'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.588.894.797.520', 'C08.381.540', 'C08.785.520'], ['E01.370.350.700.730.500', 'E01.370.386.500', 'E01.370.500.500', 'E05.318.308.980.438.580.510', 'N02.421.726.233.443.443', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.500.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.580.510', 'N06.850.780.500.500'], ['C04.557.465.625.650.510', 'C04.557.580.625.650.510', 'C04.557.665.510'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.700', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.625', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.700', 'N06.850.780.675'], ['E05.318.740.100.500.700', 'N01.224.935.530.700'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['C04.588.805', 'C17.800.882']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
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| 0
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|
Identification and characterization of non-cellulose-producing mutants of Gluconacetobacter hansenii generated by Tn5 transposon mutagenesis.
|
The acs operon of Gluconacetobacter is thought to encode AcsA, AcsB, AcsC, and AcsD proteins that constitute the cellulose synthase complex, required for the synthesis and secretion of crystalline cellulose microfibrils. A few other genes have been shown to be involved in this process, but their precise role is unclear. We report here the use of Tn5 transposon insertion mutagenesis to identify and characterize six non-cellulose-producing (Cel(-)) mutants of Gluconacetobacter hansenii ATCC 23769. The genes disrupted were acsA, acsC, ccpAx (encoding cellulose-complementing protein [the subscript "Ax" indicates genes from organisms formerly classified as Acetobacter xylinum]), dgc1 (encoding guanylate dicyclase), and crp-fnr (encoding a cyclic AMP receptor protein/fumarate nitrate reductase transcriptional regulator). Protein blot analysis revealed that (i) AcsB and AcsC were absent in the acsA mutant, (ii) the levels of AcsB and AcsC were significantly reduced in the ccpAx mutant, and (iii) the level of AcsD was not affected in any of the Cel(-) mutants. Promoter analysis showed that the acs operon does not include acsD, unlike the organization of the acs operon of several strains of closely related Gluconacetobacter xylinus. Complementation experiments confirmed that the gene disrupted in each Cel(-) mutant was responsible for the phenotype. Quantitative real-time PCR and protein blotting results suggest that the transcription of bglAx (encoding â-glucosidase and located immediately downstream from acsD) was strongly dependent on Crp/Fnr. A bglAx knockout mutant, generated via homologous recombination, produced only ?16% of the wild-type cellulose level. Since the crp-fnr mutant did not produce any cellulose, Crp/Fnr may regulate the expression of other gene(s) involved in cellulose biosynthesis.
|
['Biosynthetic Pathways', 'Cellulose', 'DNA Transposable Elements', 'Gene Expression Profiling', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial', 'Gene Knockout Techniques', 'Genetic Complementation Test', 'Gluconacetobacter', 'Immunoblotting', 'Mutagenesis, Insertional', 'Operon', 'Promoter Regions, Genetic', 'Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction']
| 24,013,627
|
[['G02.111.098', 'G03.493.100'], ['D05.750.078.562.180', 'D09.698.365.180', 'D25.720.099.500', 'J01.637.051.720.099.500'], ['D13.444.308.520', 'G02.111.570.080.708.330.200', 'G05.360.080.708.330.200', 'G05.360.340.024.425.200'], ['E05.393.332'], ['G05.308.300'], ['E05.393.335.750'], ['E05.393.281.526'], ['B03.440.400.425.365', 'B03.660.050.755.050.400'], ['E05.478.566.320', 'E05.601.470.320'], ['E05.393.420.601.550', 'G05.365.590.575', 'G05.558.550'], ['G05.360.340.024.686', 'G05.360.340.358.207.500'], ['G02.111.570.080.689.675', 'G05.360.080.689.675', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.750.680'], ['E05.393.620.500.706']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
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|
Partial trisomy 12q.
|
A partial trisomy 12q243 leads to qter resulting from a maternal balanced translocation, 46,XX,t(9;12)(p243;q243) was detected in a male newborn with multiple congenital abnormalities. The maternal grandmother was also a carrier of the 9;12 translocation. Our patient exhibited a number of clinica features similar to two others reported, who were also trisomic for the distal part of 12q. Aberrations of chromosome 12 are very rare. There have been only two reports of partial trisomy 12q, both the result of a familial translocation. We describe a third unbalanced case.
|
['Abnormalities, Multiple', 'Chromosome Aberrations', 'Chromosome Disorders', 'Chromosomes, Human, 6-12 and X', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Pedigree', 'Translocation, Genetic', 'Trisomy']
| 7,241,532
|
[['C16.131.077'], ['C23.550.210', 'G05.365.590.175'], ['C16.131.260', 'C16.320.180'], ['A11.284.187.520.300.325', 'G05.360.162.520.300.325'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.393.673'], ['C23.550.210.870', 'G05.365.590.175.870', 'G05.558.860'], ['C23.550.210.050.750', 'C23.550.210.182.500', 'G05.365.590.175.050.750', 'G05.365.590.175.183.500', 'G05.700.131.750']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Alleviation of temperature-sensitive secretion defect of Pseudomonas fluorescens ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter, TliDEF, by a change of single amino acid in the ABC protein, TliD.
|
An ABC transporter, TliDEF, from Pseudomonas fluorescens SIK W1, mediates the secretion of its cognate lipase, TliA, in a temperature-dependent secretion manner; the TliDEF-mediated secretion of TliA was impossible at the temperatures over 33°C. To isolate a mutant TliDEF capable of secreting TliA at 35°C, the mutagenesis of ABC protein (TliD) was performed. The mutated tliD library where a random point mutation was introduced by error-prone PCR was coexpressed with the wild-type tliE, tliF and tliA in Escherichia coli. Among approximately 10,000 colonies of the tliD library, we selected one colony that formed transparent halo on LB-tributyrin plates at 35°C. At the growth temperature of 35°C, the selected mutant TliD showed 1.75 U/ml of the extracellular lipase activity, while the wild-type TliDEF did not show any detectable lipase activity in the culture supernatant of E. coli. Moreover, the mutant TliD also showed higher level of TliA secretion than the wild-type TliDEF at other culture temperatures, 20°C, 25°C and 30°C. The mutant TliD had a single amino acid change (Ser287Pro) in the predicted transmembrane region in the membrane domain of TliD, implying that the corresponding region of TliD was important for causing the temperature-dependent secretion of TliDEF. These results suggested that the property of ABC transporter could be changed by the change of amino acid in the ABC protein.
|
['ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters', 'Amino Acids', 'Bacterial Proteins', 'Culture Media', 'Escherichia coli', 'Lipase', 'Point Mutation', 'Pseudomonas fluorescens', 'Temperature']
| 27,033,673
|
[['D12.776.157.530.100', 'D12.776.395.550.020', 'D12.776.543.550.192', 'D12.776.543.585.100'], ['D12.125'], ['D12.776.097'], ['D27.720.470.305', 'E07.206'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['D08.811.277.352.100.400'], ['G05.365.590.675'], ['B03.440.400.425.625.625.325', 'B03.660.250.580.590.210'], ['G01.906.595', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710', 'G16.500.750.775.710', 'N06.230.150.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Ultrasound effect used as external stimulus for viscosity change of aqueous carrageenans.
|
Ultrasound (US) serves as a stimulus to change shear viscosity of aqueous polysaccharides of é-carrageenan, ê-carrageenan and, agar. The US effect was compared in their aqueous solutions at 60 °C for the US frequency of 23, 45, and 83 kHz. Under the US condition with 50 W at 45 kHz, the shear viscosity of each aqueous solution was decreased significantly. Subsequently, when the US was stopped, the shear viscosity returned back to the original value. In addition, the US showed different effects of the US frequency over the viscosity change in the three kinds of polysaccharides. When the US frequency was changed, the US effects were less at 83 kHz and 28 kHz for the shear viscosity change. In addition, as NaCl was present in the aqueous solution, the viscosity change decreased by the US exposure. These results suggest that the US effect on the viscosity reduction was influenced by the condition of polymer coil conformation, which was expanded or shrank by electrostatic repulsion of the SO3(-) groups. FT-IR analysis supported that the hydrogen bonds of carrageenans were broken during the US exposure. Using Fourier self-deconvolution for the FT-IR spectra without and with US exposure suggests that the US influenced the hydrogen bonds of water and the OH group of polysaccharides.
|
['Agar', 'Carbohydrate Conformation', 'Carbohydrate Sequence', 'Carrageenan', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Sonication', 'Viscosity', 'Water']
| 23,395,152
|
[['D09.698.360.041'], ['G02.111.570.820.235'], ['G02.111.570.160', 'L01.453.245.667.160'], ['D09.698.152'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['E05.848'], ['G02.930'], ['D01.045.250.875', 'D01.248.497.158.459.650', 'D01.650.550.925']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Interaction of E. coli RNA polymerase with promotors of coliphage T5: the rates of complex formation and decay and their correlation with in vitro and in vivo transcriptional activity.
|
The genome of virulent coliphage T5 contains about 30 sites which form stable complexes with E. coli RNA polymerase. Some of these sites bind RNA polymerase with high rates, others form extremely stable complexes as compared with promotors of other E. coli systems. The transcriptional activity of these promotors in vivo and in vitro reflects the rate of complex formation with RNA polymerase rather than the stability of the enzyme/promotor complex. The fastest, i.e. the most active promotors are found in the "early" region of gene expression followed by promotors of the "preearly" class. The few binding sites for the E. coli holoenzyme within the "late" region react more slowly with the enzyme.
|
['Binding Sites', 'Coliphages', 'DNA, Viral', 'DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases', 'Escherichia coli', 'Genes, Viral', 'RNA, Bacterial', 'Transcription, Genetic']
| 340,927
|
[['G02.111.570.120'], ['B04.123.205'], ['D13.444.308.568'], ['D08.811.913.696.445.735.270'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.364.875', 'G05.360.340.358.024.875', 'G05.360.340.358.840.500'], ['D13.444.735.473'], ['G02.111.873', 'G05.297.700']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
On the mechanism of transfer of cholesterol between human erythrocytes and plasma.
|
The kinetics of transfer of [3H]cholesterol between human erythrocytes and plasma at 37 degrees C in physiological buffer had these features. 1) Cholesterol transfer was strikingly similar in both directions. 2) Transfer progressed to isotopic equilibrium in a monotonic, apparently first order fashion, except for a minor rapid component (approximately 15%) observed in the transfer of cholesterol from cells to plasma. 3) The mechanism of transfer was not via transient collisions in that the rate of the reaction was quite insensitive to the concentration of reactants over a wide range. 4) The mechanism of transfer did not involve specific, stable complex formation in that there was little difference in the behavior of erythrocytes and inside-out plasma membrane vesicles derived therefrom or between plasma and sonicated liposomes as acceptors. Furthermore, transfer was not affected by vigorous proteolysis of either the cells or the plasma. 5) The kinetics of transfer were fully compatible with diffusion of cholesterol through the aqueous compartment. This was shown by fitting our data to a rigorous model for diffusion equilibrium between three compartments. 6) The partition coefficient of [3H]cholesterol between red cells and buffer was shown to be 10(7). 7) The rate constants for cholesterol release from both red cells and plasma were approximately 1 X 10(-4) s-1 (t 1/2 approximately 2 h). The rate constant for cholesterol uptake into red cells was approximately 1 X 10(3) s-1 (t 1/2 approximately 1 ms). 8) The similarity of the corresponding kinetic constants among red cells, plasma, and liposomes suggests that phospholipids in a variety of physical forms are equivalent solvents for cholesterol. We conclude that despite its extremely low solubility in water, cholesterol moves between lipid compartments by aqueous diffusion.
|
['Biological Transport', 'Cholesterol', 'Erythrocytes', 'Humans', 'Kinetics', 'Liposomes', 'Plasma', 'Tritium']
| 6,853,509
|
[['G03.143'], ['D04.210.500.247.222.284', 'D04.210.500.247.808.197', 'D10.570.938.208'], ['A11.118.290', 'A11.443.240', 'A15.145.229.334'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['D25.479.517', 'D26.255.260.517', 'J01.637.051.479.517', 'J01.637.087.500.517'], ['A12.207.152.693', 'A12.207.270.695', 'A15.145.693'], ['D01.268.406.875', 'D01.362.340.875', 'D01.496.749.925']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Sialoglycoderivatives of bovine submandibular gland identified in situ by histochemical techniques combined with lectins.
|
We employed sialidase procedures followed by lectin stainings combined with oxidizing and deacetylating agents to visualize the distribution and sequentiate sialoglycoconjugates in the bovine submandibular gland. In particular we evidenced in acinar and ductal cells the dishomogeneous presence of sialic acids acetylated in the polyhydroxy side chain (C7, C8, C9), whereas O-acetyl substituents at position C1 and/or C4 were not found. Sialoglycoderivatives were also differentiated by the occurrence of penultimate sugars; indeed the dimers sialic acid-(alpha 2----3,6)-beta-galactose and sialic acid-(alpha 2----6)-alpha-N-acetylgalactosamine were identified. Using such technique we supported further the possibility to develop methods for the identification of the positions of O-acetyl groups and the reconstruction of terminal disaccharides within surface and cytoplasm glycoconjugates. in situ the distribution of different O-acylated sialoglyco-derivatives in the bovine submandibular gland. To this purpose we employed oxydizing and deacetylating agents combined with sialidase digestion and lectin binding.
|
['Animals', 'Cattle', 'Glycoconjugates', 'Histocytochemistry', 'Lectins', 'Neuraminidase', 'Sialic Acids', 'Submandibular Gland']
| 1,500,295
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['D09.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.607', 'E01.370.225.750.551', 'E05.200.500.607', 'E05.200.750.551', 'H01.158.100.656.234', 'H01.158.201.344', 'H01.181.122.573'], ['D12.776.503'], ['D08.811.277.450.692'], ['D02.241.081.844.562.668', 'D02.241.511.902.562.668', 'D09.067.687.668', 'D09.811.589.668'], ['A03.556.500.760.812', 'A10.336.779.812', 'A14.549.760.812']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Interstitial nephritis associated with glomerulonephritis in a patient with Hashimoto's disease and idiopathic portal hypertension.
|
A middle-aged women with hypothyroidism, idiopathic portal hypertension and nephrotic syndrome is presented. This unusual clinical appearance could not be explained as SLE by serological examinations. Pathohistological examinations showed "Banti's liver", Hashimoto's thyroiditis and diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis with severe tubulo-interstitial nephritis. Immunohistochemical studies revealed IgA deposits in glomeruli. Electron microscopic study disclosed peculiar lucent areas of rarefaction with osmiophilic particles in tubular basement membranes. This tubulointerstitial nephritis was considered to be related to the immunological mechanism involving thyroid gland, liver and kidney disorders. This case thus had a clinically rare combination of these three.
|
['Female', 'Glomerulonephritis', 'Humans', 'Hypertension, Portal', 'Immunoglobulin A', 'Kidney Glomerulus', 'Microscopy, Electron', 'Middle Aged', 'Nephritis, Interstitial', 'Thyroiditis, Autoimmune']
| 1,504,428
|
[['C12.777.419.570.363', 'C13.351.968.419.570.363'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C06.552.494'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.619.026', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.619.026', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.619.026'], ['A05.810.453.324.359', 'A05.810.453.736.520'], ['E01.370.350.515.402', 'E05.595.402'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C12.777.419.570.643', 'C13.351.968.419.570.643'], ['C19.874.871.102', 'C20.111.809']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Effect of plyometric training on swimming block start performance in adolescents.
|
This study aimed to identify the effect of plyometric training (PT), when added to habitual training (HT) regimes, on swim start performance. After the completion of a baseline competitive swim start, 22 adolescent swimmers were randomly assigned to either a PT (n = 11, age: 13.1 +/- 1.4 yr, mass: 50.6 +/- 12.3 kg, stature: 162.9 +/- 11.9 cm) or an HT group (n = 11, age: 12.6 +/- 1.9 yr, mass: 43.3 +/- 11.6 kg, stature: 157.6 +/- 11.9 cm). Over an 8-week preseason period, the HT group continued with their normal training program, whereas the PT group added 2 additional 1-hour plyometric-specific sessions, incorporating prescribed exercises relating to the swimming block start (SBS). After completion of the training intervention, post-training swim start performance was reassessed. For both baseline and post-trials, swim performance was recorded using videography (50 Hz Canon MVX460) in the sagital plane of motion. Through the use of Silicon Coach Pro analysis package, data revealed significantly greater change between baseline and post-trials for PT when compared with the HT group for swim performance time to 5.5 m (-0.59 s vs. -0.21 s; p < 0.01) and velocity of take-off to contact (0.19 ms vs. -0.07 ms; p < 0.01). Considering the practical importance of a successful swim start to overall performance outcome, the current study has found that inclusion of suitable and safely implemented PT to adolescent performers, in addition to HT routines, can have a positive impact on swim start performance.
|
['Adolescent', 'Athletic Performance', 'Child', 'Exercise', 'Humans', 'Muscle Contraction', 'Muscle, Skeletal', 'Swimming']
| 19,855,343
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['I03.450.642.845.054'], ['M01.060.406'], ['G11.427.410.698.277', 'I03.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G11.427.494'], ['A02.633.567', 'A10.690.552.500'], ['G11.427.410.568.800', 'G11.427.410.698.277.875', 'I03.350.875', 'I03.450.642.845.945.500']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
The effect of unipolar aeroions on the capacity of mammalian organism.
|
Based on animal experiments authors established that the different polarity high-concentration aeroions have an effect on the vegetative centres of the Central Nervous System (CNS). Through vegetative centres they influence both electro- and neuro-physiological relations of the nervous system and by this means they make an effect on the capacity. Aeroions have some explicitly favourable effect both on the orientation reflex action and the alert system of the brain stem. These effects can also be registered either by pharmacology tests or sinstrumentally (electronystagmography).
|
['Air Ionization', 'Amphetamine', 'Animals', 'Brain', 'Chlorpromazine', 'Electronystagmography', 'Eye Movements', 'Guinea Pigs', 'Ions', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Orientation', 'Vestibule, Labyrinth']
| 317,402
|
[]
|
[]
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
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| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[The ultrastructure of the juxta-oral organ (author's transl)].
|
The ultrastructure of the juxta-oral organ has been investigated in the goldhamster. Its morphology was comparable to that already described in other species. Located in the cheek or in its anatomical homologue, the juxta-oral organ consists of a string of epithelial cells surrounded by two distinct layers. The first one, made of connective tissue, contains numerous terminal nerve fibres. The second one, external and separated from the first one by a fluid-filled space, is very similar to a perineurium. The juxta-oral organ of the goldhamster presented a new feature: its central string of parenchymatous cells always contained some nervous fibres. The parenchymatous cells were compared to the keratinocytes in the basal layers of the oral epithelium and the general structure of the juxta-oral organ to that of several mechanoreceptors. It is likely that the juxta-organ exerts a mechano-receptor function.
|
['Animals', 'Cheek', 'Cricetinae', 'Epithelial Cells', 'Female', 'Male', 'Mesocricetus', 'Microscopy, Electron', 'Mouth', 'Nerve Fibers', 'Parotid Gland', 'Sense Organs']
| 7,469,412
|
[['B01.050'], ['A01.456.505.173', 'A14.194'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.075.250'], ['A11.436'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.075.250.500'], ['E01.370.350.515.402', 'E05.595.402'], ['A01.456.505.631', 'A03.556.500', 'A14.549'], ['A08.675.542', 'A11.671.501'], ['A03.556.500.760.464', 'A10.336.779.464', 'A14.549.760.464'], ['A09']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Role of heterotrimeric Gá proteins in maize development and enhancement of agronomic traits.
|
Plant shoot systems derive from the shoot apical meristems (SAMs), pools of stems cells that are regulated by a feedback between the WUSCHEL (WUS) homeobox protein and CLAVATA (CLV) peptides and receptors. The maize heterotrimeric G protein á subunit COMPACT PLANT2 (CT2) functions with CLV receptors to regulate meristem development. In addition to the sole canonical Gá CT2, maize also contains three eXtra Large GTP-binding proteins (XLGs), which have a domain with homology to Gá as well as additional domains. By either forcing CT2 to be constitutively active, or by depleting XLGs using CRISPR-Cas9, here we show that both CT2 and XLGs play important roles in maize meristem regulation, and their manipulation improved agronomic traits. For example, we show that expression of a constitutively active CT2 resulted in higher spikelet density and kernel row number, larger ear inflorescence meristems (IMs) and more upright leaves, all beneficial traits selected during maize improvement. Our findings suggest that both the canonical Gá, CT2 and the non-canonical XLGs play important roles in maize meristem regulation and further demonstrate that weak alleles of plant stem cell regulatory genes have the capacity to improve agronomic traits.
|
['Agriculture', 'GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Plant', 'Gene Knockout Techniques', 'Genes, Plant', 'Meristem', 'Mutation', 'Phylogeny', 'Plant Leaves', 'Plant Proteins', 'Plants, Genetically Modified', 'Zea mays']
| 29,708,966
|
[['J01.040'], ['D08.811.277.040.330.300.200.100', 'D12.644.360.360.100', 'D12.776.157.325.332.100', 'D12.776.476.375.100', 'D12.776.543.325.100'], ['G05.308.310'], ['G05.308.375'], ['E05.393.335.750'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.393', 'G05.360.340.365.500'], ['A18.024.875.875', 'A18.024.937.500', 'A18.400.500'], ['G05.365.590'], ['G05.697', 'G16.075.605', 'L01.100.697'], ['A18.024.812'], ['D12.776.765'], ['B01.650.520', 'B05.620.600'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.822.966']]
|
['Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Haemoglobin A1c and 5-year all-cause mortality in French type 2 diabetic patients aged 70 years and older: The GERODIAB observational cohort.
|
AIM: The role of glycaemic control in the mortality of elderly diabetic patients remains uncertain. GERODIAB is the first multi-centre, prospective, observational study that aims to describe the link between HbA1c and 5-year mortality in French, type 2 diabetic patients aged ?70 years.METHODS: Consecutive patients (n=987; mean age 77 years) were included from 56 diabetes centres and followed for five years. Individual histories, risk factors, standard diabetes parameters and geriatric evaluations were regularly recorded. Survival was studied using the Kaplan-Meier method. Multivariable analyses used Cox regression.RESULTS: Twenty-one percent of the patients died, 13% were lost during follow-up. Patients with a 5-year mean HbA1c in the range [40-50) mmol/mol ([5.8-6.7) %) had the highest survival (84%); those in the range [50-70) mmol/mol ([6.7-8.6) %) or <40mmol/mol (<5.8%) an intermediary survival rate (79%); patients with HbA1c ?70mmol/mol (?8.6%) the worst survival (71%). Patients with mean HbA1c ?70mmol/mol (?8.6%) had a significantly higher mortality than those with lower HbA1c (P=0.011), and HbA1c remained a significant predictor of mortality after adjusting for individual, diabetic and geriatric factors (hazards ratio [95%CI]: 1.76 [1.21 to 2.57], P=0.0033). Survival was also significantly associated with both HbA1c variability and with the frequency of HbA1c determinations.CONCLUSION: In this large sample of elderly French type 2 diabetic patients, an HbA1c level <70mmol/mol (<8.6%) was associated with lower mortality. The range [40-50) mmol/mol ([5.8-6.7) %) could be an acceptable target provided patients are not exposed to hypoglycaemia.
|
['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Blood Glucose', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2', 'Female', 'France', 'Glycated Hemoglobin A', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Prospective Studies', 'Risk Factors', 'Survival Rate']
| 29,859,993
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['D09.947.875.359.448.500'], ['C18.452.394.750.149', 'C19.246.300'], ['Z01.542.286'], ['D09.400.430.937', 'D12.776.124.400.405.440', 'D12.776.395.381', 'D12.776.422.316.762.380.440'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.900', 'N01.224.935.698.826', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.900', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.900']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Use of HEp-2 cells for improved isolation and passage of Chlamydia pneumoniae.
|
Chlamydia pneumoniae has proved to be difficult to isolate and propagate in cell culture. We compared the growth of three strains of C. pneumoniae, TW-183 and two clinical isolates from Brooklyn, N.Y., in five cell lines, including HeLa 229, McCoy, HL, HEp-2, and HTED, an immortalized human tracheal cell line. HEp-2 was the most sensitive cell line tested. When 10-fold dilutions of three C. pneumoniae strains at known titers were inoculated into the different cell lines, the mean number of inclusion-forming units per milliliter was 1 to 2 log units higher in the HEp-2 than in the other cell lines. This difference was statistically significant. Omission of pretreatment with DEAE-dextran resulted in larger inclusions than those seen in pretreated cells, with the exception of McCoy and HTED cells. Retrieval of clinical specimens previously cultured on HeLa 229 cells and comparison of mean inclusion counts in fresh clinical specimens simultaneously inoculated on HeLa 229 and HEp-2 cells suggested that culture in HEp-2 cells may require only the initial inoculation and one passage, compared with three to four passages, as required by culture in HeLa 229 cells.
|
['Bacteriological Techniques', 'Cell Line', 'Chlamydophila pneumoniae', 'Evaluation Studies as Topic', 'HeLa Cells', 'Humans']
| 1,500,500
|
[['E01.370.225.875.150', 'E05.200.875.150'], ['A11.251.210'], ['B03.440.190.190.230.249'], ['E05.337', 'N05.715.360.335'], ['A11.251.210.190.400', 'A11.251.860.180.400', 'A11.436.340'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Beta-blockers after myocardial infarction: influence of first-year clinical course on long-term effectiveness.
|
OBJECTIVE: To develop a strategy for evaluating drug efficacy over time that accounts for heterogeneous clinical courses evolving after initiation of therapy and to demonstrate its use in assessing the long-term therapeutic benefit of propranolol after myocardial infarction.DESIGN: Analysis of data from the Beta-Blocker in Heart Attack Trial (BHAT), a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial that enrolled patients from 1978 to 1980 and followed participants for vital status to April 1982.SETTING: Thirty-one clinical centers in the United States and Canada.PATIENTS: Eligible patients included 3297 men and women 30 to 69 years of age who survived 1 year after trial entry.INTERVENTION: Patients were classified as being on treatment at 12 months after randomization if they were receiving beta-blocker therapy at the 12-month visit and off treatment if they were not receiving beta-blocker therapy at that time.OUTCOME MEASURE: Vital status evaluated at 720 days of follow-up.RESULTS: A total of 2914 patients (88%) was classified as being at lower risk (strata I and II). For these patients, survival curves by treatment at 12 months were virtually indistinguishable. Among the 383 patients categorized as being at high risk on the basis of recurrent ischemic events, arrhythmias, congestive heart failure, or severe comorbidity during the first 12 months, the use of beta-blockers was associated with a 43% proportional decline in the subsequent risk for death (P = 0.01 by log-rank test).CONCLUSIONS: In patients who survived to 1 year with low- to moderate-risk clinical courses, beta-blocker therapy did not have long-term beneficial effect. In contrast, among patients who had a high-risk clinical course during the first year, beta-blockers significantly reduced mortality in the follow-up period.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Arrhythmias, Cardiac', 'Bias', 'Comorbidity', 'Double-Blind Method', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Heart Failure', 'Humans', 'Life Tables', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Myocardial Infarction', 'Propranolol', 'Risk', 'Survival Analysis', 'Time Factors']
| 8,416,325
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C14.280.067', 'C23.550.073'], ['N05.715.350.150', 'N06.850.490.500'], ['N05.715.350.225', 'N06.850.490.687'], ['E05.318.370.300', 'E05.581.500.300', 'N05.715.360.325.320', 'N06.850.520.445.300'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['C14.280.434'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.985.475', 'E05.318.740.100.500', 'N01.224.935.530', 'N06.850.505.400.975.475', 'N06.850.520.308.985.475'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C14.280.647.500', 'C14.907.585.500', 'C23.550.513.355.750', 'C23.550.717.489.750'], ['D02.033.100.624.698.711', 'D02.033.755.624.698.711', 'D02.092.063.624.698.711', 'D02.455.426.559.847.638.945', 'D04.615.638.945'], ['E05.318.740.600.800', 'G17.680.750', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800'], ['E05.318.740.998', 'N05.715.360.750.795', 'N06.850.520.830.998'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Costs of allergic diseases from birth to two years in Finland.
|
OBJECTIVES: Costing studies are needed to identify the resources used for treatment and inform payers of the costs incurred. The objectives were to determine the costs of diagnosing and treating atopic dermatitis, food allergy and asthma, and to compare the share of costs to society and to the family during the first two years of life.STUDY DESIGN: The data were obtained from an ongoing mother-infant nutrition study. The sample comprised 60 infants who developed allergic disease by the age of 24 months and 56 healthy infants with no allergic disease.METHODS: The costs included diagnosis and treatment of the allergy, disability allowances, travel expenses and time spent by parents.RESULTS: The median costs per infant were €275 (range 94-1306) for atopic dermatitis, €1408 (163-5408) for asthma, €3182 (628-11195) for food allergy, and €10 (0-619) for the healthy infants due to the suspicion of allergic disease. The highest costs in atopic dermatitis were caused by primary care visits, topical treatments, travel costs and parents' time, and those for food allergy by hospital out-patient care, infant formulae for cow's milk allergy, disability allowances and travel costs. The families paid 43% of the costs arising from atopic dermatitis, 13.6% of those from food allergy and 16.5% of those from asthma.CONCLUSIONS: Cow's milk allergy emerged as the most expensive allergic disease, especially for the society, and concurrent asthma in particular further increased the costs.
|
['Asthma', 'Child, Preschool', 'Cost of Illness', 'Dermatitis, Atopic', 'Female', 'Finland', 'Food Hypersensitivity', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Male', 'Milk Hypersensitivity', 'Prospective Studies']
| 23,036,776
|
[['C08.127.108', 'C08.381.495.108', 'C08.674.095', 'C20.543.480.680.095'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['N03.219.151.165', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.182', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.046'], ['C16.320.850.210', 'C17.800.174.193', 'C17.800.815.193', 'C17.800.827.210', 'C20.543.480.343'], ['Z01.542.816.186'], ['C20.543.480.370'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['C20.543.480.370.500'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Successful introduction and audit of a step-down oral antibiotic strategy for low risk paediatric febrile neutropaenia in a UK, multicentre, shared care setting.
|
PURPOSE: Patients with febrile neutropaenia (FN) can be stratified according to their risk of significant complications, allowing reduced intensity therapy for low risk (LR) episodes. Serious events are very rare in low risk episodes making randomised trials difficult. Introduction of new evidence-based guidelines followed by re-auditing of the outcome is an alternative strategy.METHODS: New guidelines for the management of LR FN were implemented in 4 specialist paediatric oncology centres (POCs) and in their associated shared care units (POSCUs). All patients commenced empirical intravenous antibiotic therapy and after 48h those with blood culture negative episodes designated LR were eligible for discharge on oral co-amoxiclav. Prospective data collection on FN episodes in all treatment centres was undertaken over a 1-year period.RESULTS: Seven hundred and sixty two eligible episodes of FN were recorded in 368 patients; 213 episodes were initiated in POCs and 549 episodes were initiated in POSCUs. In 40% of episodes no clinical or microbiological focus of infection was found. At 48h, 212 (27%) episodes were classified as LR and 143 of these (19%) were managed on the LR protocol. There was a low hospital readmission rate (8/143 episodes; 5.6%), no intensive care admissions and no deaths in LR episodes. Almost all LR episodes (209/212) occurred in the shared care setting.CONCLUSIONS: Rapid step-down to oral antibiotics was a feasible and safe management strategy for LR FN in the shared care setting in England.
|
['Administration, Oral', 'Adolescent', 'Anti-Infective Agents', 'Bone Marrow Transplantation', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Feasibility Studies', 'Fever', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Infections', 'Neoplasms', 'Neutropenia', 'Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation', 'Risk Factors', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 19,616,427
|
[['E02.319.267.100'], ['M01.060.057'], ['D27.505.954.122'], ['E02.095.147.725.040', 'E04.936.580.040'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['E05.318.372.550', 'E05.337.675', 'N05.715.360.330.550', 'N06.850.520.450.550'], ['C23.888.119.344'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['C01'], ['C04'], ['C15.378.553.546.184.564'], ['E02.095.147.500.500.500.500', 'E04.936.225.687.500.500'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Short amino acid sequences derived from C1q receptor (C1q-R) show homology with the alpha chains of fibronectin and vitronectin receptors and collagen type IV.
|
The human C1q receptor (C1q-R) is a 65-70-kd, highly acidic, hydrophobic glycoprotein that is expressed on a wide variety of cell surfaces. Although the C1q-R itself appears to bind preferentially to C1q, the region of the ligand to which C1q-R binds is the primary binding site for several other molecules, including fibronectin, laminin, and C1q inhibitor (chondroitin 4-sulfate proteoglycan) as well as the complement C1r2C1s2 tetramer. In order to further characterize the C1q-R molecule with regard to its structure and function, highly purified C1q-R was obtained from Raji cells using DEAE-Sephacel and C1q-Sepharose CL-4B chromatography. Studies performed with 125I-labeled C1q-R demonstrated that whereas the C1q-R molecule binds poorly to a variety of human collagens including types II, III, and V, markedly enhanced binding is observed with type IV collagen and moderately enhanced binding with type I collagen. Amino acid composition studies show that the C1q-R molecule contains approximately 44% hydrophobic and 12.6% hydrophilic residues with a ratio of negatively charged to positively charged residues of about 2:1. Treatment of 125I-labeled C1q-R with endoglycosidase F lowers the apparent molecular size from 70 to 58 kd, whereas endoglycosidase H lowered the size to 64 kd. Treatment with neuraminidase, on the other hand, shifted the size of C1q-R to 60 kd. These results suggest the presence of several highly sialylated complex-type or high mannose-type N-linked oligosaccharide side chains. Because purified C1q-R has a blocked amino terminus, amino acid sequences representing internal fragments of the molecule were generated by electroblotting and in situ enzymatic digestion. When these short sequences were searched against the National Biomedical Research Foundation computer data base, a seven-amino-acid sequence, VSWQGQI, showed significant homology (100% and 80% in a five-amino-acid overlap, respectively) with the alpha chains of the human fibronectin (alpha 5 beta 1) and vitronectin (alpha v beta 3) receptors, and to a lesser degree with epidermal growth factor receptor and T cell receptor. A second sequence, ISEDNIR, showed homology with mouse collagen type IV (86% in a six-amino-acid overlap), calmodulin (60% in a seven-amino-acid overlap), and a Leishmania major surface antigen, gp63. These observations seem to predict that C1q-R has pockets of conserved sequences that are similar to those not only present in its ligand(s) but also in other cell surface receptors that may, in part, fulfill similar functions.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Amino Acids', 'Carrier Proteins', 'Collagen', 'Complement Activating Enzymes', 'Fibronectins', 'Humans', 'Hyaluronan Receptors', 'Integrins', 'Membrane Glycoproteins', 'Mitochondrial Proteins', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Receptors, Complement', 'Receptors, Fibronectin', 'Receptors, Immunologic', 'Receptors, Vitronectin']
| 1,377,218
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['D12.125'], ['D12.776.157'], ['D05.750.078.280', 'D12.776.860.300.250'], ['D08.811.277.300', 'D12.776.124.486.274.045'], ['D12.776.377.715.390', 'D12.776.395.550.350', 'D12.776.543.550.350', 'D12.776.860.300.450'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D09.698.735.200.625', 'D12.776.395.550.200.625.144', 'D12.776.395.650.750.281', 'D12.776.543.550.200.625.144', 'D12.776.543.750.705.877.144', 'D23.050.301.350.625.144'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.408'], ['D12.776.395.550', 'D12.776.543.550'], ['D12.776.575'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.833'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.408.530'], ['D12.776.543.750.705'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.408.460.870']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The Rb1 gene inhibits the viability of retinoblastoma cells by regulating homologous recombination.
|
Retinoblastoma is a childhood ocular tumor caused by the inactivation of both alleles of the retinoblastoma gene (Rb1). Without Rb1 gene function, chromosomal aberrations are observed in retinoblastoma cells. The instability of the genome is closely associated with the repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). However, the precise molecular mechanism of action of Rb1 in DNA DSB repair remains unclear. Thus, in this study, we aimed to investigate whether the Rb1 gene affects DNA stability by assaying DNA DSB repair and also whether it regulates the proliferation of retinoblastoma cells. Rb1 immunofluorescence and RT-PCR were performed, demonstrating that the Rb1 gene is silenced in SO-Rb50 retinoblastoma cells, and the karyotype analysis of SO-Rb50 cells indicated that the loss of Rb1 function led to genomic instability; both numerical and structural chromosomal aberrations were observed in our study. In addition, the DNA DSB repair efficiency of the SO-Rb50 cells was measured by ã-H2AX immunofluorescence, a commonly used in situ marker of DNA DSBs, following exposure to ionizing radiation (IR) (2.5 and 5.0 Gy). We found that the DNA repair efficiency was significantly increased following IR-induced damage (P<0.01). However, there was no significant difference in DNA repair efficiency between the cells expressing exogenous Rb1 and the control (P>0.05). The assay for the screening of the effect of Rb1 on the sub-pathway of DNA DSB repair, non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) and homologous recombination (HR), indicated that Rb1 did not affect NHEJ activity, although it significantly promoted the HR pathway (HR levels increased by 2.46-fold) compared with the control (P<0.01). Furthermore, we found that the cell viability of the SO-Rb50 cells transfected with exogenous Rb1 was significantly inhibited (P<0.01) and cell cycle assay indicated that exogenous Rb1 induced S phase arrest (P<0.001) which also inhibited the proliferation of retinoblastoma cells (SO-Rb50) in vitro. Therefore, this study provides new insight into the mechanisms of action of the Rb1 gene in regulating the proliferation of retinoblastoma cells.
|
['Cell Cycle', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Cell Survival', 'DNA Breaks, Double-Stranded', 'DNA Repair', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic', 'Genomic Instability', 'Homologous Recombination', 'Humans', 'Mutation', 'Retinal Neoplasms', 'Retinoblastoma', 'Retinoblastoma Protein']
| 23,670,186
|
[['G04.144'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['G04.346'], ['G05.200.210.220'], ['G02.111.222', 'G05.219'], ['G05.308.370'], ['C23.550.362', 'G05.365.590.335', 'G05.370'], ['G05.728.615'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G05.365.590'], ['C04.588.364.818', 'C11.319.475', 'C11.768.717'], ['C04.557.465.625.600.725', 'C04.557.470.670.725', 'C04.557.580.625.600.725', 'C04.588.364.818.760', 'C11.270.862', 'C11.319.475.760', 'C11.768.717.760'], ['D12.776.260.704', 'D12.776.624.776.745', 'D12.776.660.807', 'D12.776.744.770']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Mode of action of pesticin: N-acetylglucosaminidase activity.
|
Homogeneous preparations of pesticin, a bacteriocin produced by Yersinia pestis, neither significantly inhibited net synthesis of deoxyribonucleic acid, ribonucleic acid, or protein in Escherichia coli phi nor caused detectable degradation of deoxyribonucleic acid in vivo. Accordingly, its mode of action does not resemble that of colicin E2 as suggested by others. However, incorporation of cell wall-specific label ([14C]diaminopimelic acid) into trichloroacetic acid-insoluble material of growing cells was inhibited by pesticin which also promoted release of such radioactivity from both resting cells and purified mureinlipoprotein. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of reaction mixtures containing appropriately labeled mureinlipoprotein showed that [3H]N-acetylglucosamine comigrated either with [14C]diaminopimelic acid in the murein peptide or with [14C]isoleucine of the Braun lipoprotein. As judged by these findings and pesticin-dependent release of reducing equivalents but not 4-hydroxy-2-acetamido sugars, the bacteriocin possesses N-acetylglucosaminidase activity. Hydrolysis of murein-lipoprotein occurred over a broad pH, with an optimum of 4.7. Mureinlipoproteins from a variety of pesticin-sensitive and -resistant organisms were hydrolyzed by the bacteriocin, indicating that its antibacterial specificity resides at the level of absorption.
|
['Acetylglucosaminidase', 'Bacterial Proteins', 'Bacteriocins', 'Cell Wall', 'DNA, Bacterial', 'Escherichia coli', 'Hexosaminidases', 'Peptidoglycan', 'RNA, Bacterial', 'Substrate Specificity', 'Yersinia pestis']
| 378,975
|
[]
|
[]
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The value of substratified combined imaging assessment with mammography and ultrasonography for Chinese women with palpable breast masses.
|
A 5-point breast imaging classification modified from the seven-category Breast Imaging-Reporting and Data System has been applied for mammographic and ultrasonographic examinations in patients with palpable breast masses. The aim of this study was to confirm the value of combined imaging assessment. We included 5,296 cases (3,002 benign and 2,294 cancer) from January 2004 to December 2011. Ultrasonography showed a significantly (P < 0.01) higher sensitivity and specificity and lower false-negative rate and false-negative predictive value (false-NPV) than mammography. The sensitivity of combined imaging was significantly (P < 0.01) increased and the false-negative rate and false-NPV were significantly (P < 0.01) reduced compared to mammography or ultrasonography alone. However, the specificity was significantly (P < 0.01) declined for combined imaging versus mammography or ultrasonography alone. Compared with combined imaging assessment, a significant (P < 0.01) improvement was noted with substratified scoring, with increased specificity and false-negative rate and decreased sensitivity. In conclusion, the substratified combined imaging score has the potential to provide additional value in the workup of palpable breast lesions.
|
['Breast Neoplasms', 'China', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Mammography', 'Multimodal Imaging', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Ultrasonography, Mammary']
| 24,519,388
|
[['C04.588.180', 'C17.800.090.500'], ['Z01.252.474.164'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.700.500'], ['E01.370.350.567'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['E01.370.350.850.860', 'E01.370.378.850']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Celiac artery compression syndrome: successful utilization of robotic-assisted laparoscopic approach.
|
Median arcuate ligament (MAL) syndrome, also known as the celiac axis compression syndrome (CACS) is rare, and a topic of ongoing academic controversy. CACS is a diagnosis of exclusion, characterized by the clinical triad of postprandial abdominal pain, weight loss, and vomiting. The classic management of CACS involves the surgical division of the MAL fibers. We report successful treatment of a 23-year-old woman with CACS utilizing the da Vinci Surgical System (Intuitive Surgical, Sunnyvale, California) via robotic-assisted minimally invasive surgical division of the MAL. To our knowledge this is the first report of this modality used in the treatment of the celiac axis compression syndrome.
|
['Adult', 'Arterial Occlusive Diseases', 'Celiac Artery', 'Decompression, Surgical', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Laparoscopy', 'Robotics', 'Syndrome']
| 17,410,294
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['C14.907.137'], ['A07.015.114.207'], ['E04.188'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.388.250.520', 'E04.502.250.520'], ['H01.671.293.643', 'J01.897.104.834', 'L01.224.050.375.630'], ['C23.550.288.500']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Transgenerational Inheritance of Familial Lipomyelomeningocele.
|
Lipomyelomeningocele is a type of neural tube defect characterized by lipomatous tissue causing a defect in the vertebrae, infiltrating the dura, and tethering the spinal cord. Despite significant neurologic consequences, the underlying etiology remains poorly understood. We present a father and son with remarkably similar presentations of lipomyelomeningocele. Genetic testing did not reveal an underlying cause but whole exome sequencing identified variants in the ARHGAP29 and RADIL genes in the proband and his affected father. Genetic analyses of asymptomatic family members revealed several carriers of the ARHGAP29 or RADIL variants, but only the proband and his father carried both variants, suggesting a possible shared genetic mechanism. Rare cases of siblings affected with lipomyelomeningocele have suggested the possibility of autosomal recessive or germline mosaicism. We present the first documented cases of transgenerational lipomyelomeningocele with important implications for family counseling about the recurrence of lipomyelomeningocele.
|
['Carrier Proteins', 'GTPase-Activating Proteins', 'Genetic Testing', 'Humans', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Meningomyelocele', 'Pedigree']
| 29,129,155
|
[['D12.776.157'], ['D12.644.360.325.150', 'D12.776.476.325.150'], ['E01.370.225.562', 'E05.200.562', 'E05.393.435', 'N02.421.308.430', 'N02.421.726.233.221'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['C10.500.680.610', 'C16.131.666.680.610'], ['E05.393.673']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Value of serum IgG subclasses in the prognosis of asthma in children with immunotherapy treatment.
|
Immunotherapy is an empirical treatment with proven clinical efficacy. Different results have been found when comparing the levels of the subclasses for immunoglobulin G and the clinical development during immunotherapy. A follow up study was carried out for one year on the IgG subclasses in 21 asthmatic children of both sexes and ages ranging from 8 to 11 years. The children were sensitized to Dermatophagoides Pteronyssinus and had undergone immunotherapy treatment. The clinical and analytical evaluation were carried out before treatment was started and later every four months. In terms of clinical evolution, the children were separated into two groups. The levels of IgG1 show different evolution in terms of a good or not good clinical evolution with a p of 0.056. Levels of IgG2 showed no differences. IgG3 shows a disorderly distribution. A continuous increase in IgG4 levels was observed from the start of immunotherapy though no differences in terms of clinical evolution were recorded. With the results obtained, it can be concluded that the gradual increase of IgG4 together with an early rise in IgG1 levels are related to the clinical efficacy of immunotherapy.
|
['Allergens', 'Animals', 'Asthma', 'Biomarkers', 'Child', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Immunoglobulin E', 'Immunoglobulin G', 'Immunotherapy', 'Male', 'Mites', 'Prognosis']
| 9,111,871
|
[['D23.050.063'], ['B01.050'], ['C08.127.108', 'C08.381.495.108', 'C08.674.095', 'C20.543.480.680.095'], ['D23.101'], ['M01.060.406'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.619.312', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.619.312', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.619.312'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.619.393', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.619.393', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.619.393'], ['E02.095.465.425'], ['B01.050.500.131.166.132.419'], ['E01.789']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
A Negative Feedback Loop Between Autophagy and Immune Responses in Mycobacterium leprae Infection.
|
The obligate intracellular bacterium Mycobacterium leprae is the causative agent of leprosy and primarily infects macrophages, leading to irreversible nerve damage and deformities. So far, the underlying reasons allowing M. leprae to persist and propagate in macrophages, despite the presence of cellular immunity, are still a mystery. Here, we investigated the role of autophagy, a cellular process that degrades cytosolic materials and intracellular pathogens, in M. leprae infection. We found that live M. leprae infection of macrophages resulted in significantly elevated autophagy level. However, macrophages with high autophagy levels preferentially expressed lower levels of proinflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-1â, IL-6, IL-12, and tumor necrosis factor-á, and preferentially primed anti-inflammatory T cells responses, characterized by high IL-10 and low interferon-ã, granzyme B, and perforin responses. These anti-inflammatory T cells could suppress further induction of autophagy, leading to improved survival of intracellular M. leprae in infected macrophages. Therefore, these data demonstrated that although autophagy had a role in eliminating intracellular pathogens, the induction of autophagy resulted in anti-inflammatory immune responses, which suppressed autophagy in a negative feedback loop and allowed the persistence of M. leprae.
|
['Animals', 'Autophagy', 'Cytokines', 'Feedback, Physiological', 'Macrophage Activation', 'Macrophages', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mycobacterium leprae', 'T-Lymphocytes']
| 27,854,511
|
[['B01.050'], ['G04.011'], ['D12.644.276.374', 'D12.776.467.374', 'D23.529.374'], ['G07.410.732'], ['G12.287.500'], ['A11.329.372', 'A11.627.482', 'A11.733.397', 'A15.382.670.522', 'A15.382.680.397'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B03.510.024.962.500.502', 'B03.510.460.400.410.552.552.502'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.569', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The impact of fair colonoscopy preparation on colonoscopy use and adenoma miss rates in patients undergoing outpatient colonoscopy.
|
BACKGROUND: The impact of fair bowel preparation on endoscopists' recommendations and adenoma miss rates in average-risk patients undergoing colonoscopy is unknown.OBJECTIVE: To assess the impact of fair bowel preparation on endoscopists' interval colonoscopy recommendations and miss rates in colonoscopies performed within 3 years of the index colonoscopy in average-risk patients undergoing colorectal cancer screening.DESIGN: Retrospective chart review.SETTING: Tertiary-care center.PATIENTS: Average-risk patients undergoing index colonoscopy for colorectal cancer screening between 2004 and 2006.INTERVENTION: Colonoscopy.MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: Endoscopists' interval recommendations, adenoma miss rates.RESULTS: A total of 16,251 colonoscopy records were reviewed over a 2-year period. Of these cases, 1943 colonoscopies were performed for the sole indication of average risk or screening. Of these, fair bowel preparation was reported in 619 patients (31.9%). A repeat colonoscopy within 5 years was recommended in 70.4% of patients. The follow-up colonoscopy compliance rate within 3 years was 55.9%. Adenoma detection rates at index and follow-up colonoscopy were 20.5% and 28.2%, respectively. Of the 39 patients with follow-up colonoscopy within 3 years, the overall adenoma miss rate was 28%. Of the patients with an adenoma identified on follow-up colonoscopy, 13.6% had normal colonoscopy results on index examination.LIMITATIONS: Retrospective design.CONCLUSION: Fair bowel preparation led to a deviation from national guidelines with early repeat colonoscopy follow-up recommendations in nearly 60% of average-risk patients with normal colonoscopy results. In patients who returned for repeat colonoscopy within 3 years, the overall adenoma miss rate was 28%. Further guidelines on timing for repeat colonoscopy for fair bowel preparation are needed.
|
['Adenoma', 'Cathartics', 'Colonoscopy', 'Colorectal Neoplasms', 'Diagnostic Errors', 'Female', 'Guideline Adherence', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Practice Guidelines as Topic', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Time Factors']
| 23,642,491
|
[['C04.557.470.035'], ['D27.505.954.483.396'], ['E01.370.372.250.250.200', 'E01.370.388.250.250.250.160', 'E04.210.240.250.160', 'E04.502.250.250.250.160'], ['C04.588.274.476.411.307', 'C06.301.371.411.307', 'C06.405.249.411.307', 'C06.405.469.158.356', 'C06.405.469.491.307', 'C06.405.469.860.180'], ['E01.354', 'N02.421.450.280'], ['N04.761.337', 'N05.715.360.395'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['N04.761.700.350.650', 'N05.700.350.650'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
N-Terminal Coiled-Coil Structure of ATPase Subunits of 26S Proteasome Is Crucial for Proteasome Function.
|
The proteasome is an essential proteolytic machine in eukaryotic cells, where it removes damaged proteins and regulates many cellular activities by degrading ubiquitinated proteins. Its heterohexameric AAA+ ATPase Rpt subunits play a central role in proteasome activity by the engagement of substrate unfolding and translocation for degradation; however, its detailed mechanism remains poorly understood. In contrast to AAA+ ATPase domains, their N-terminal regions of Rpt subunits substantially differ from each other. Here, to investigate the requirements and roles of the N-terminal regions of six Rpt subunits derived from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, we performed systematic mutational analysis using conditional knockdown yeast strains for each Rpt subunit and bacterial heterologous expression system of the base subcomplex. We showed that the formation of the coiled-coil structure was the most important for the N-terminal region of Rpt subunits. The primary role of coiled-coil structure would be the maintenance of the ring structure with the defined order. However, the coiled-coil region would be also be involved in substrate recognition and an interaction between lid and base subcomplexes.
|
['Adenosine Triphosphatases', 'Cytoplasm', 'DNA Mutational Analysis', 'Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex', 'Protein Structure, Tertiary', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae']
| 26,208,326
|
[['D08.811.277.040.025'], ['A11.284.430.214'], ['E05.393.760.700.300'], ['D05.500.562.500', 'D08.811.277.656.918', 'D08.811.600.730'], ['G02.111.570.820.709.610'], ['B01.300.107.795.785.800', 'B01.300.930.705.655']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Unusual presentation of primary amoebic meningoencephalitis--a serious diagnostic and therapeutic problem.
|
A fatal case of meningo-encephalitis due to Amoeba naegleria is discussed. It was a problem for diagnosis because of its unusual presentation. The patient, a young pregnant female presented with pyrexia, severe headache, and photophobia. Anti-biotic therapy was started after a provisional diagnosis of acute pyogenic meningitis had been made. There was no response to antibiotic therapy. Facial nerve palsy and abnormal activity in the left centro-temporal region in the EEG was observed and suspicion of an intra-cranial space occupying lesion was entertained. Carotid angiography and ventriculography, however, showed no abnormality. Repeat cerebrospinal fluid examination revealed motile amoebae. The patient, however, died shortly afterwards. This case is documented for its atypical clinical presentation and therapeutic problems.
|
['Adult', 'Amebiasis', 'Chloramphenicol', 'Drug Therapy, Combination', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Isoniazid', 'Meningoencephalitis', 'Metronidazole', 'Penicillins', 'Pregnancy', 'Pregnancy Complications, Infectious', 'Streptomycin', 'Sulfadiazine']
| 660,712
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['C01.610.752.049'], ['D02.033.455.706.300', 'D02.455.426.559.389.565.175', 'D02.640.529.175'], ['E02.319.310'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D02.442.436', 'D03.066.349.410', 'D03.383.725.394.582'], ['C01.207.245.550', 'C01.207.570', 'C10.228.140.430.550', 'C10.228.228.245.550', 'C10.228.228.570', 'C10.228.614.500'], ['D02.640.672.500', 'D03.383.129.308.658.500'], ['D02.065.589.099.750', 'D02.886.108.750', 'D03.633.100.300.750'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['C01.674', 'C13.703.700'], ['D09.408.051.885'], ['D02.065.884.725.755', 'D02.092.146.807.755', 'D02.886.590.700.725.755']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Recombinant IgA is sufficient to prevent influenza virus transmission in guinea pigs.
|
A serum hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) titer of 40 or greater is thought to be associated with reduced influenza virus pathogenesis in humans and is often used as a correlate of protection in influenza vaccine studies. We have previously demonstrated that intramuscular vaccination of guinea pigs with inactivated influenza virus generates HAI titers greater than 300 but does not protect vaccinated animals from becoming infected with influenza virus by transmission from an infected cage mate. Only guinea pigs intranasally inoculated with a live influenza virus or a live attenuated virus vaccine, prior to challenge, were protected from transmission (A. C. Lowen et al., J. Virol. 83:2803-2818, 2009.). Because the serum HAI titer is mostly determined by IgG content, these results led us to speculate that prevention of viral transmission may require IgA antibodies or cellular immune responses. To evaluate this hypothesis, guinea pigs and ferrets were administered a potent, neutralizing mouse IgG monoclonal antibody, 30D1 (Ms 30D1 IgG), against the A/California/04/2009 (H1N1) virus hemagglutinin and exposed to respiratory droplets from animals infected with this virus. Even though HAI titers were greater than 160 1 day postadministration, Ms 30D1 IgG did not prevent airborne transmission to passively immunized recipient animals. In contrast, intramuscular administration of recombinant 30D1 IgA (Ms 30D1 IgA) prevented transmission to 88% of recipient guinea pigs, and Ms 30D1 IgA was detected in animal nasal washes. Ms 30D1 IgG administered intranasally also prevented transmission, suggesting the importance of mucosal immunity in preventing influenza virus transmission. Collectively, our data indicate that IgG antibodies may prevent pathogenesis associated with influenza virus infection but do not protect from virus infection by airborne transmission, while IgA antibodies are more important for preventing transmission of influenza viruses.
|
['Animals', 'Antibodies, Monoclonal', 'Antibodies, Neutralizing', 'Base Sequence', 'Cloning, Molecular', 'Dogs', 'Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay', 'Ferrets', 'Guinea Pigs', 'HEK293 Cells', 'Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests', 'Humans', 'Immunoglobulin A', 'Immunoglobulin G', 'Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype', 'Madin Darby Canine Kidney Cells', 'Mice', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Orthomyxoviridae Infections', 'Recombinant Proteins', 'Sequence Analysis, DNA']
| 23,698,296
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.244', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.244', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.244'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['E05.393.220'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.250.216.200'], ['E05.478.566.350.170', 'E05.478.566.380.360', 'E05.478.583.400.170', 'E05.601.470.350.170', 'E05.601.470.380.360'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.250.575.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.550'], ['A11.251.210.172.750', 'A11.436.334'], ['E01.370.225.812.735.370', 'E05.200.812.735.370', 'E05.478.594.760.370'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.619.026', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.619.026', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.619.026'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.619.393', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.619.393', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.619.393'], ['B04.820.480.968.405.400.214'], ['A11.251.210.827', 'A11.436.589'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['C01.925.782.620'], ['D12.776.828'], ['E05.393.760.700']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
LGR7-truncate is a splice variant of the relaxin receptor LGR7 and is a relaxin antagonist in vitro.
|
The relaxin receptor (LGR7) and the insulin-like peptide 3 (INSL3) receptor (LGR8) are unique LGR family members in possessing a single, functionally important amino terminal LDL-A module.1 Mouse and rat cDNA was screened for LGR7 and LGR7 splice variant expression. A uterus-specific exon 4 deleted variant was identified and named LGR7-Truncate. Deletion of exon 4 results in a premature stop codon and a transcript that putatively encodes a secreted protein containing LGR7's LDL-A module. Expression of LGR7-Truncate with LGR7 in HEK-293T cells resulted in decreased relaxin-induced signaling of LGR7. LGR7-Truncate is potentially an endogenous regulator of LGR7 signaling.
|
['Alternative Splicing', 'Animals', 'Cell Line', 'Cyclic AMP', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Mice', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Rats', 'Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled', 'Receptors, Peptide', 'Relaxin', 'Uterus']
| 15,956,683
|
[['G02.111.760.700.100', 'G03.839.700.100', 'G05.308.700.700.100'], ['B01.050'], ['A11.251.210'], ['D03.633.100.759.646.138.395', 'D13.695.462.200', 'D13.695.667.138.395', 'D13.695.827.068.395'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['D12.776.543.750.695'], ['D12.776.543.750.750'], ['D06.472.334.734.769', 'D06.472.699.715', 'D12.644.548.762'], ['A05.360.319.679']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
A national analysis of the relationship between hospital volume, academic center status, and surgical outcomes for abdominal hysterectomy done for leiomyoma.
|
BACKGROUND: Volume-to-outcomes relationships have been established for high-risk surgical procedures. To determine whether hospital volume and academic center status affect surgical outcomes in a lower-risk procedure, morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing abdominal hysterectomy for leiomyoma were evaluated.STUDY DESIGN: Administrative data from the National Inpatient Sample were used to conduct a retrospective analysis of 172,344 individuals who had primary diagnoses of leiomyomata (ICD-9 diagnosis codes of 218.x in the first 2 positions) and who underwent abdominal hysterectomy (ICD-9 procedure codes 68.4 in the first 2 positions) from 1999 to 2003. Comparison was made between teaching hospitals versus nonteaching hospitals and annual case volume in quintiles. Morbidity was considered to be any postoperative condition that is not an expected outcome of hysterectomy and defined as instances in which a patient suffered hemorrhage, ureteral injury, bladder injury, intestinal injury, wound dehiscence, wound infection, deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, or required blood transfusion.RESULTS: A total of 37 deaths were observed. Mortality was not significantly related to hospital volume or academic medical center status. In contrast, morbidity was found to have a positive association with academic medical center status (odds ratio = 1.34; 95% CI, 1.23 to 1.45), although an inverse relationship between volume and morbidity was observed for extended length of stay (> 3 days) and blood transfusion outcomes in the first 3 (lowest) volume quintiles and for pulmonary embolism in the highest-volume quintile. No important association with volume was found for hemorrhage, ureteral injury, bladder injury, or intestinal injury.CONCLUSIONS: Unlike high-risk procedures, such as esophagectomy, pediatric cardiac surgery, and pancreaticoduodenectomy, mortality for abdominal hysterectomy done for benign indication does not improve with hospital volume or academic center status. The statistically significant positive association between academic medical center status and morbidity merits additional characterization to target areas for improvement.
|
['Academic Medical Centers', 'Adult', 'Female', 'Hospitals, University', 'Humans', 'Hysterectomy', 'Leiomyoma', 'Logistic Models', 'Middle Aged', 'Morbidity', 'Odds Ratio', 'Outcome Assessment, Health Care', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Retrospective Studies', 'United States', 'Uterine Neoplasms']
| 19,476,796
|
[['N02.278.020'], ['M01.060.116'], ['N02.278.020.300.310', 'N02.278.421.639.725'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E04.950.300.399'], ['C04.557.450.590.450'], ['E05.318.740.500.525', 'E05.318.740.600.800.450', 'E05.318.740.750.450', 'E05.599.835.875', 'N05.715.360.750.530.480', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.450', 'N05.715.360.750.695.470', 'N06.850.520.830.500.525', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.450', 'N06.850.520.830.750.450'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.308.985.525', 'N01.224.935.597', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525'], ['E05.318.740.600.600', 'G17.680.500', 'N05.715.360.750.625.590', 'N06.850.520.830.600.600'], ['H01.770.644.145.431', 'N04.761.559.590', 'N05.715.360.575.575'], ['C23.550.767'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['Z01.107.567.875'], ['C04.588.945.418.948', 'C13.351.500.852.762', 'C13.351.937.418.875']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Integrated microchip-device for the digestion, separation and postcolumn labeling of proteins and peptides.
|
A microchip device was demonstrated that integrated enzymatic reactions, electrophoretic separation of the reactants from the products and post-separation labeling of proteins and peptides prior to detection. A tryptic digestion of oxidized insulin B-chain was performed in 15 min under stopped flow conditions in a heated channel, and the separation was completed in 1 min. Localized thermal control of the reaction channel was achieved using a resistive heating element. The separated reaction products were then labeled with naphthalene-2,3-dicarboxaldehyde (NDA) and detected by laser-induced fluorescence. A second reaction at elevated temperatures was also demonstrated for the on-chip reduction of disulfide bridges using insulin as a model protein. This device represents one of the highest levels, to date, of monolithic integration of chemical processes on a microchip.
|
['Hydrolysis', 'Miniaturization', 'Naphthalenes', 'Peptides', 'Proteins', 'Semiconductors']
| 10,997,719
|
[['G02.380'], ['J01.897.520'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.638', 'D04.615.638'], ['D12.644'], ['D12.776'], ['E07.305.625']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Viscosity and elasticity during collagen assembly in vitro: relevance to matrix-driven translocation.
|
In order to better understand the gelation process associated with collagen assembly, and the mechanism of the in vitro morphogenetic phenomenon of "matrix-driven translocation" [S.A. Newman et al. (1985) Science, 228, 885-889], the viscosity and elastic modulus of assembling collagen matrices in the presence and absence of polystyrene latex beads was investigated. Viscosity measurements at very low shear rates (0.016-0.0549 s(-1)) were performed over a range of temperatures (6.9-11.5 degrees C) in a Couette viscometer. A magnetic levitation sphere rheometer was used to measure the shear elastic modulus of the assembling matrices during the late phase of the gelation process. Gelation was detected by the rapid increase in viscosity that occurred after a lag time tL that varied between O and approximately 500 s. After a rise in viscosity that occurred over an additional approximately 500 s, the collagen matrix was characterized by an elastic modulus of the order of several Pa. The lag time of the assembly process was relatively insensitive to differences in shear rate within the variability of the sample preparation, but was inversely proportional to the time the sample spent on ice before being raised to the test temperature, for test temperatures > 9 degrees C. This suggests that structures important for fibrillogenesis are capable of forming at 0 degrees C. The time dependence of the gelation process is well-described by an exponential law with a rate constant K approximately 0.1 s(-1). Significantly, K was consistently larger in collagen preparations that contained cell-sized polystyrene beads. From these results, along with prior information on effective surface tension differences of bead-containing and bead-lacking collagen matrices, we conclude that changes in matrix organization contributing to matrix-driven translocation are initiated during the lag phase of fibrillogenesis when the viscosity is < or = 0.1 Poise. The phenomenon may make use of small differentials in viscosity and/or elasticity, resulting from the interaction of the beads with the assembling matrix. These properties are well described by standard models of concentrated solutions.
|
['Animals', 'Cold Temperature', 'Collagen', 'Elasticity', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Mathematics', 'Polystyrenes', 'Rats', 'Viscosity']
| 10,917,694
|
[['B01.050'], ['G01.906.595.272', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710.300', 'G16.500.750.775.710.300', 'N06.230.300.100.725.154', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710.300'], ['D05.750.078.280', 'D12.776.860.300.250'], ['G01.374.590'], ['E05.481'], ['H01.548'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.150.750.800.830', 'D05.750.716.579', 'D25.720.716.579', 'J01.637.051.720.716.579'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['G02.930']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
N-terminal lysines are essential for protein translocation via a modified ERAD system in complex plastids.
|
Nuclear-encoded pre-proteins being imported into complex plastids of red algal origin have to cross up to five membranes. Thereby, transport across the second outermost or periplastidal membrane (PPM) is facilitated by SELMA (symbiont-specific ERAD-like machinery), an endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD)-derived machinery. Core components of SELMA are enzymes involved in ubiquitination (E1-E3), a Cdc48 ATPase complex and Derlin proteins. These components are present in all investigated organisms with four membrane-bound complex plastids of red algal origin, suggesting a ubiquitin-dependent translocation process of substrates mechanistically similar to the process of retro-translocation in ERAD. Even if, according to the current model, translocation via SELMA does not end up in the classical poly-ubiquitination, transient mono-/oligo-ubiquitination of pre-proteins might be required for the mechanism of translocation. We investigated the import mechanism of SELMA and were able to show that protein transport across the PPM depends on lysines in the N-terminal but not in the C-terminal part of pre-proteins. These lysines are predicted to be targets of ubiquitination during the translocation process. As proteins lacking the N-terminal lysines get stuck in the PPM, a 'frozen intermediate' of the translocation process could be envisioned and initially characterized.
|
['Algal Proteins', 'Intracellular Membranes', 'Models, Biological', 'Mucoproteins', 'Plastids', 'Protein Transport', 'Rhodophyta']
| 25,644,868
|
[['D12.776.037'], ['A11.284.149.450', 'A11.284.835.514'], ['E05.599.395'], ['D12.776.395.560'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.700'], ['G03.143.700'], ['B01.650.700']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Core temperature measurement in therapeutic hypothermia according to different phases: comparison of bladder, rectal, and tympanic versus pulmonary artery methods.
|
PURPOSE: Comparisons of bladder, rectal and tympanic temperatures versus pulmonary artery (PA) temperature during different therapeutic hypothermia (TH) phases.METHODS: Twenty-one patients admitted to our emergency department (ED) after out-of-hospital cardiac arrests were included in this study. For comparison, the temperature of four different sites, urinary bladder (BL), rectal (RE), tympanic membrane (TM) digital thermometers, and a Swan-Ganz catheter were used during TH, which were controlled by a surface cooling method. TH is divided into three phases: induction, maintenance, and rewarming phase.RESULTS: In the induction phase, the mean differences between PA temperatures and those of the other methods studied were: BL (-0.24 ± 1.30°C), RE (-0.52 ± 1.40°C), and TM (1.11 ± 1.53°C). The mean differences between PA temperatures and those of the other methods in the maintenance phase were BL (0.06 ± 0.79°C), RE (-0.30 ± 1.16°C), and TM (1.12 ± 1.29°C); in the rewarming phase: BL (0.08 ± 0.86°C), RE (-0.03 ± 1.71°C), and TM (0.89 ± 1.62°C); and in the total phase: BL (0.04 ± 0.90°C), RE (-0.22 ± 1.44°C), and TM (1.03 ± 1.47°C).CONCLUSIONS: The mean difference between BL and PA temperatures is lower than those in other sites during TH. On the contrary, there are larger differences between TM and PA temperatures when compared to other sites. The differences between RE and PA temperatures are comparatively less than those between TM and PA. However, RE temperature tends to be higher than the temperature recorded by a BL thermometer or Swan-Ganz catheter during the rapid induction phase.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Body Temperature', 'Catheterization, Swan-Ganz', 'Cohort Studies', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hypothermia, Induced', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest', 'Prospective Studies', 'Pulmonary Artery', 'Rectum', 'Rewarming', 'Tympanic Membrane', 'Urinary Bladder']
| 23,306,812
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E01.370.600.875.374', 'G07.110'], ['E01.370.370.380.140.210', 'E02.148.224.165', 'E02.148.442.165', 'E04.100.814.529.937.165', 'E04.502.382.937.165', 'E05.157.250.165', 'E05.157.375.165'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.258.750'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C14.280.383.610'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['A07.015.114.715'], ['A03.556.124.526.767', 'A03.556.249.249.767'], ['E02.891'], ['A09.246.272.702'], ['A05.810.890']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Suppression of efflux transporters in the intestines of endotoxin-treated rats.
|
Infection and inflammation suppress the expression and activity of several drug transporters in the liver. In the intestine, P-glycoprotein (PGP/mdr1) and the multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2) are important barriers to the absorption of many clinically important drugs. The protein expression and activity of these transporters were examined during inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The transport of rhodamine123 (Rho123) and 5-carboxyfluorescein (5-CF) was determined in isolated ileal segments from endotoxin-treated or control rats in the presence or absence of inhibitors. The reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was used to measure mRNA levels. Compared with the controls, the mRNA levels of mdr1a and mrp2 were significantly decreased by approximately 50% in the ilea of the LPS-treated rats. Corresponding reductions in the basolateral-apical efflux of Rho123 and 5-CF were observed, resulting in significant increases in the apical-basolateral absorption of these compounds. Neither the permeability of fluorescein isothiocyanate labeled dextran 4000 (FD-4), a paracellular marker, nor membrane resistance was altered. These results indicate that endotoxin-induced inflammation reduces the intestinal expression and activity of PGP and MRP2 in rats, which eliciting corresponding changes in the intestinal transport of their substrates. Hence, infection and inflammatory diseases may induce variability in drug bioavailability through alterations in the intestinal expression and activity of drug transporters.
|
['ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B', 'ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1', 'ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters', 'Animals', 'Biological Transport', 'Drug Resistance, Multiple', 'Endotoxins', 'Fluoresceins', 'Gene Expression', 'Ileum', 'Infections', 'Inflammation', 'Lipopolysaccharides', 'Male', 'Membrane Transport Proteins', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Rhodamine 123']
| 22,387,888
|
[['D12.776.157.530.100.075', 'D12.776.157.530.450.074.500.500.250', 'D12.776.395.550.020.400', 'D12.776.543.550.192.400', 'D12.776.543.585.100.200', 'D12.776.543.585.450.074.500.500.250'], ['D12.776.157.530.100.075.063', 'D12.776.157.530.450.074.500.500.250.125', 'D12.776.395.550.020.400.153', 'D12.776.543.550.192.400.153', 'D12.776.543.585.100.200.125', 'D12.776.543.585.450.074.500.500.250.125'], ['D12.776.157.530.100', 'D12.776.395.550.020', 'D12.776.543.550.192', 'D12.776.543.585.100'], ['B01.050'], ['G03.143'], ['G07.690.773.984.300'], ['D23.946.123.329'], ['D02.455.426.779.347', 'D03.633.300.953.275', 'D04.711.347'], ['G05.297'], ['A03.556.124.684.249', 'A03.556.249.124'], ['C01'], ['C23.550.470'], ['D09.400.500', 'D09.698.718.450', 'D10.494', 'D23.050.161.616.525', 'D23.946.123.329.500'], ['D12.776.157.530', 'D12.776.543.585'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900'], ['D03.633.300.953.600.500']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Individual differences in the concordance of self-reports and official records.
|
BACKGROUND: Although self-reported and official measures of criminal behaviour are highly correlated, the concordance between self-reports and official records appears to vary across the population. Few studies, however, have considered the range of individual traits and characteristics that might influence the relative accuracy of self-reports and official records.METHOD: Using data collected from the Australian Temperament Project, we investigated the concordance between official records and self-reports together with some of the factors that might influence it.RESULTS: Those with criminal records were 3.5 times more likely to report police contact than those with no criminal record. However, there were significant sources of individual-level variation in their convergence, and notably honest respondents were less likely to report an interaction with police. Those at risk of crime and delinquency were less likely to consent to official records searches.CONCLUSIONS: Many individual characteristics that predisposed individuals towards a criminal career also affected their willingness to consent to official records searches and the concordance between criminal records and self-reports.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adolescent Behavior', 'Aggression', 'Australia', 'Crime', 'Criminal Law', 'Criminals', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Longitudinal Studies', 'Male', 'Personality', 'Personality Inventory', 'Prevalence', 'Psychology, Adolescent', 'Risk Factors', 'Self Concept', 'Self Report', 'Temperament', 'Violence', 'Young Adult']
| 25,294,163
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['F01.145.022'], ['F01.145.126.125', 'F01.145.813.045'], ['Z01.639.100', 'Z01.678.100.373'], ['I01.198.240', 'I01.880.735.191'], ['I01.198.290', 'I01.880.604.583.100'], ['M01.142'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.500'], ['F01.752'], ['F04.711.647.513'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['F04.096.628.065'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['F01.752.747.792'], ['E05.318.308.980.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.500'], ['F01.752.898'], ['I01.198.240.856', 'I01.880.735.900'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Outpatient management of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. A summary of 279 cases.
|
Two hundred seventy-nine patients with cervical condylomas or cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) were treated as outpatients with cryotherapy. Every patient followed received a Papanicolaou smear, colposcopic evaluation, cervical biopsy and endocervical curettage four months following treatment. The treatment failure rates for CIN 1/condyloma, CIN 2 and CIN 3 were 2.9%, 5.7% and 4.3%, respectively. The percentage of patients eventually requiring conization was 0.7, 1.6 and 2.7, respectively. No patient who had a negative clinical and histologic examination at four months subsequently had a recurrence. The mean follow-up was 23.1, 26.0 and 35.0 months for CIN 1/condyloma, CIN 2 and CIN 3, respectively. Proper triage is important with CIN 3, and a complete colposcopic examination at the initial follow-up visit is valuable for predicting outcome.
|
['Ambulatory Surgical Procedures', 'Biopsy', 'Carcinoma in Situ', 'Colposcopy', 'Condylomata Acuminata', 'Cryosurgery', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Papanicolaou Test', 'Postoperative Care', 'Time Factors', 'Uterine Cervical Neoplasms', 'Vaginal Smears']
| 4,009,553
|
[['E04.030'], ['E01.370.225.500.384.100', 'E01.370.225.998.054', 'E01.370.388.100', 'E04.074', 'E05.200.500.384.100', 'E05.200.998.054', 'E05.242.384.100'], ['C04.557.470.200.240'], ['E01.370.378.150', 'E01.370.388.250.150', 'E04.502.250.150', 'E04.520.150', 'E04.950.300.210'], ['C01.221.812.640.220', 'C01.778.640.220', 'C01.925.256.650.810.217', 'C01.925.813.220', 'C01.925.825.810.110', 'C01.925.928.914.217', 'C17.800.838.790.810.110'], ['E04.014.180'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.384.100.422', 'E01.370.225.998.054.422', 'E04.074.422', 'E05.200.500.384.100.422', 'E05.200.998.054.422', 'E05.242.384.100.422'], ['E02.760.731.700', 'E04.604.500', 'N02.421.585.722.700'], ['G01.910.857'], ['C04.588.945.418.948.850', 'C13.351.500.852.593.131', 'C13.351.500.852.762.850', 'C13.351.937.418.875.850'], ['E01.370.225.500.384.100.800', 'E01.370.225.998.054.800', 'E01.370.378.900', 'E04.074.800', 'E05.200.500.384.100.800', 'E05.200.998.054.800', 'E05.242.384.100.800']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Overproduction and partial purification of the Norrie disease gene product, norrin, from a recombinant baculovirus.
|
Abnormal vascularization of the peripheral retina and retinal detachment are common clinical characteristics of Norrie disease (ND), familial exudative vitreoretinopathy, Coats' disease, and retinopathy of prematurity. Although little is known about the molecular basis of these diseases, studies have shown that all of these diseases are associated with mutations in the ND gene. In spite of this, little is known about norrin, its molecular mechanism of action, and its functional relationship with the development of abnormal retinal vasculature. To obtain a large quantity of norrin for structural and functional studies, we have overproduced it in insect cells. For this purpose, a cDNA fragment (869 bp) was isolated from a human retinal cDNA library by amplification and was cloned into an expression vector. The purified plasmid was co-transfected with wild-type linearized Bac-N-Blue DNA into S. frugiperda Sf21 insect cells. The recombinant virus plaques were purified and clones were selected based on the level of recombinant protein expressed in Sf21 cells infected with a purified recombinant virus. From these, a high-titer stock was generated and subsequently used to prepare a fused protein on a large scale. The protein was partially purified by the process of immobilized metal affinity chromatography and the use of ion exchange chromatography
|
['Abnormalities, Multiple', 'Baculoviridae', 'Blindness', 'Cloning, Molecular', 'Eye Proteins', 'Nerve Tissue Proteins', 'Protein Engineering', 'Recombinant Proteins', 'Retinal Dysplasia', 'Syndrome', 'Transfection']
| 14,630,047
|
[['C16.131.077'], ['B04.280.065', 'B04.525.100'], ['C10.597.751.941.162', 'C11.966.075', 'C23.888.592.763.941.162'], ['E05.393.220'], ['D12.776.306'], ['D12.776.631'], ['E05.393.420.601'], ['D12.776.828'], ['C11.250.666', 'C11.270.660', 'C11.768.660', 'C16.131.384.784', 'C16.320.290.660'], ['C23.550.288.500'], ['E05.393.350.810', 'G05.728.860']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Induction of type I interferon genes and interferon-inducible genes in embryonal stem cells devoid of interferon regulatory factor 1.
|
Overexpression of interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF-1) can induce expression of the interferon (IFN) beta gene, at least in certain cells. A role of IRF-1 in the activation of IFN-alpha genes has also been claimed. We have generated embryonal stem cells in which both IRF-1 alleles were disrupted. In undifferentiated embryonal stem cells, virus-induced levels of IFN-alpha RNA were similar for wild-type and IRF-1%, and there was little induction of IFN-beta RNA in either cell type. In 8-day differentiated cells, the levels of virus-induced IFN-beta RNA, but not of IFN-alpha RNA, were about 10-fold higher than in undifferentiated cells and only slightly higher in wild-type than in IRF-1% cells. Thus, although IRF-1 at high levels may elicit or augment induction of IFN genes under certain circumstances, it is not essential for IFN gene induction by virus. Lack of IRF-1 had no effect on the IFN-induced expression levels of the IFN-inducible genes tested; however, there was little or no constitutive expression of (2'-5')oligoadenylate synthetase in IRF-1% embryonal stem cells, in contrast to wild-type cells.
|
['Animals', 'Cell Differentiation', 'Clone Cells', 'DNA-Binding Proteins', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Genomic Library', 'Humans', 'Interferon Regulatory Factor-1', 'Interferon Type I', 'Interferon-alpha', 'Interferon-beta', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Newcastle disease virus', 'Phosphoproteins', 'Recombinant Proteins', 'Restriction Mapping', 'Stem Cells', 'Transcription Factors', 'Transcription, Genetic', 'Transcriptional Activation']
| 8,265,581
|
[['B01.050'], ['G04.152'], ['A11.251.353'], ['D12.776.260'], ['G05.308'], ['G05.360.325.425', 'G05.360.340.425'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.644.360.024.302.124', 'D12.776.157.057.050.124', 'D12.776.260.108.374', 'D12.776.260.504.124', 'D12.776.476.024.385.124', 'D12.776.930.127.374', 'D12.776.930.332.124'], ['D12.644.276.374.440.890', 'D12.776.467.374.440.890', 'D23.529.374.440.890'], ['D12.644.276.374.440.890.250', 'D12.776.467.374.440.890.250', 'D23.529.374.440.890.250'], ['D12.644.276.374.440.890.275', 'D12.776.467.374.440.890.275', 'D23.529.374.440.890.275'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['B04.820.480.937.600.650.070.600'], ['D12.776.744'], ['D12.776.828'], ['E05.393.183.620.650', 'E05.393.712'], ['A11.872'], ['D12.776.930'], ['G02.111.873', 'G05.297.700'], ['G05.308.800']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Regulation of starch and lipid accumulation in a microalga Chlorella sorokiniana.
|
Microalgae have attracted growing attention due to their potential in biofuel feedstock production. However, current understanding of the regulatory mechanisms for lipid biosynthesis and storage in microalgae is still limited. This study revealed that the microalga Chlorella sorokiniana showed sequential accumulation of starch and lipids. When nitrogen was replete and/or depleted over a short period, starch was the predominant carbon storage form with basal levels of lipid accumulation. After prolonged nitrogen depletion, lipid accumulation increased considerably, which was partially due to starch degradation, as well as the turnover of primary metabolites. Lipid accumulation is also strongly dependent on the linear electron flow of photosynthesis, peaking at lower light intensities. Collectively, this study reveals a relatively clear regulation pattern of starch and lipid accumulation that is basically controlled by nitrogen levels. The mixotrophic growth of C. sorokiniana shows promise for biofuel production in terms of lipid accumulation in the final biomass.
|
['Chlorella', 'Light', 'Lipid Metabolism', 'Microalgae', 'Nitrogen', 'Photosynthesis', 'Starch']
| 25,616,239
|
[['B01.650.940.150.469'], ['G01.358.500.505.650', 'G01.590.540', 'G01.750.250.650', 'G01.750.770.578'], ['G03.458'], ['B05.080.500.600.500'], ['D01.268.604', 'D01.362.625'], ['G02.111.158.937', 'G02.111.669.700', 'G02.740.921', 'G03.191.937', 'G03.493.700', 'G03.800.700', 'G15.568'], ['D05.750.078.562.855', 'D09.301.915', 'D09.698.365.855']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Extra-anatomic renal revascularization in patients with renal artery stenosis and abdominal aortic occlusion.
|
Thirteen patients with atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis and total abdominal aortic occlusion underwent extra-anatomic surgical renal revascularization without aortic replacement. Renal artery stenosis was present unilaterally (n = 2), bilaterally (n = 7), or in a solitary kidney (n = 4). Surgical renal revascularization was indicated for treatment of severe hypertension in all patients and for preservation of renal function in 10 patients. The level of abdominal aortic occlusion was suprarenal (n = 3), perirenal (n = 2), or infrarenal (n = 8). All patients had extensive collateral vascular supply to the lower extremities with absent (n = 7) or mild (n = 6) claudication. Surgical renal revascularization was achieved with hepatorenal bypass (n = 6), mesenterorenal bypass (n = 4), or splenorenal bypass (n = 3). None of the patients underwent concomitant aortic replacement. There were no operative deaths. Postoperatively, hypertension was improved in 10 patients, unchanged in 2 patients, and worse in 1 patient. Renal function was improved in 8 patients, stable in 2 patients, and worse in 3 patients. After surgical renal revascularization, no patient required aortic replacement, while 1 patient underwent extra-anatomic revascularization of the lower extremities. We conclude that some patients with renal artery stenosis and abdominal aortic occlusion can be managed by surgical renal revascularization alone without a more extensive and potentially hazardous aortic replacement. In these patients, extra-anatomic techniques can allow safe and successful surgical renal revascularization while avoiding surgery on the diseased aorta.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Anastomosis, Surgical', 'Aorta, Abdominal', 'Aortic Diseases', 'Arterial Occlusive Diseases', 'Arteriosclerosis', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Renal Artery Obstruction', 'Vascular Surgical Procedures']
| 8,256,395
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E04.035'], ['A07.015.114.056.205'], ['C14.907.109'], ['C14.907.137'], ['C14.907.137.126'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C12.777.419.775', 'C13.351.968.419.775', 'C14.907.137.727'], ['E04.100.814']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Semiquantitative evaluation of mRNAs for the membranous form of immunoglobulin heavy chain is useful for investigating the etiology in CVID.
|
Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is a primary antibody deficiency syndrome characterized by defective B-cell maturation and antibody formation resulting in low serum antibody levels of all immunoglobulin (Ig) isotypes. To investigate the pathogenesis of CVID, we developed a set of competitive polymerase chain reaction for membrane-bound Ig heavy chain (mHC) mRNAs for IgM, IgG and IgA. Data on three children with CVID in group A of Bryant's classification were analysed. All the three mHC mRNA levels in Patient 1 were almost same as those in healthy controls. In Patient 2, mHC mRNA for IgM was detected at a level similar to that in controls, but mHC mRNAs for IgG and IgA heavy chains were not detected. In Patient 3, all the three mHC mRNAs were undetectable. Our data suggest that a different molecular basis exists in these patients with CVID even though all belong to group A of Bryant's classification. Use of our method facilitates a better understanding of molecular events in CVID patients and may be useful for precise classifications of CVID.
|
['Child', 'Common Variable Immunodeficiency', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains', 'Infant', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell', 'Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction']
| 14,636,421
|
[['M01.060.406'], ['C20.673.330'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.705.500', 'D12.776.124.790.651.705.500', 'D12.776.377.715.548.705.500'], ['M01.060.703'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['D12.776.124.790.651.950', 'D12.776.377.715.548.950', 'D12.776.543.750.705.816.821'], ['E05.393.620.500.725']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Acute effects of low-dose interferon-alpha on serum cortisol and plasma interleukin-6.
|
Major depression is associated with both hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis overactivity and immune system activation. Depression is a common occurrence following interferon (IFN)-a treatment. While IFN-alpha is known to stimulate the HPA axis, little is known about the effects of exogenous IFN-a in humans on the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-6, a marker of immune system activation. This study examined the acute effects of IFN-alpha on cortisol and IL-6 release, and the time course of any changes in these variables. Serum cortisol and plasma IL-6 were assessed in healthy volunteers over an 8-h period following 3 million units subcutaneous IFN-alpha or placebo using a double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover design. IFN-alpha resulted in a significant increase in both cortisol and IL-6. Regular sampling over 8 h did not delineate any sequential effect of the rise in these variables over time. We conclude that IFN-alpha acutely stimulates both the HPA axis and proinflammatory cytokine release. The hypothesis that the effect of IFN-alpha on the HPA axis is indirect and mediated by IL-6 was not supported by this study. Our findings are nonetheless of relevance to the aetiology of depression following IFN-alpha.
|
['Adult', 'Cross-Over Studies', 'Depressive Disorder, Major', 'Double-Blind Method', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hydrocortisone', 'Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System', 'Injections, Subcutaneous', 'Interferon alpha-2', 'Interferon-alpha', 'Interleukin-6', 'Male', 'Pituitary-Adrenal System', 'Recombinant Proteins']
| 12,236,630
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E05.318.370.150', 'N05.715.360.325.150', 'N06.850.520.445.150'], ['F03.600.300.375'], ['E05.318.370.300', 'E05.581.500.300', 'N05.715.360.325.320', 'N06.850.520.445.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D04.210.500.745.745.654.600', 'D06.472.040.585.353.476', 'D06.472.040.585.478.392'], ['A06.688.357', 'A08.186.211.180.497.352.435', 'A08.186.211.200.317.357.352.435', 'A08.713.357'], ['E02.319.267.530.620'], ['D12.644.276.374.440.890.250.500', 'D12.776.467.374.440.890.250.500', 'D23.529.374.440.890.250.500'], ['D12.644.276.374.440.890.250', 'D12.776.467.374.440.890.250', 'D23.529.374.440.890.250'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.224', 'D12.776.467.374.465.202', 'D23.529.374.465.224'], ['A06.300.691'], ['D12.776.828']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Direct chiral assay of tramadol and detection of the phase II metabolite O-demethyl tramadol glucuronide in human urine using capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced native fluorescence detection.
|
A chiral separation using carboxymethyl-beta-cyclodextrin and methyl-beta-cyclodextrin for the direct assay of tramadol in human urine by capillary electrophoresis (CE) with laser-induced native fluorescence detection was developed. Furthermore, the phase II metabolite O-demethyl tramadol glucuronide was determined from the urine samples and the ratio of the diasteromers was determined. The chiral method was validated. Correlation coefficients were higher than 0.999. Within day variation showed accuracy in the range 96.1-105.8% with a RSD less than 6.00%. Day to day variation present an accuracy ranging from 100.2 to 103.5% with a RSD less than 5.4%. After oral administration of 150 mg tramadol hydrochloride to a healthy volunteer, the urinary excretion was monitored during 24 h. About 11.4% of the dose was excreted as 1S,2S-tramadol, 16.4% as 1R,2R-tramadol and 23.7% as O-demethyl tramadol glucuronide. The amount of 1S,2S O-demethyl tramadol glucuronide was more than three fold higher as IR,2R-O-demethyl tramadol glucuronide. The enantiomeric ratio of tramadol and the diastereomeric ratio of O-demethyl tramadol glucuronide was deviated from 1.0 showing that a stereoselective metabolism of tramadol occurs.
|
['Analgesics, Opioid', 'Electrophoresis, Capillary', 'Glucuronides', 'Humans', 'Lasers', 'Reference Values', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Spectrometry, Fluorescence', 'Stereoisomerism', 'Tramadol']
| 11,817,307
|
[['D27.505.696.277.600.500', 'D27.505.696.663.850.014.760.500', 'D27.505.954.427.040.550.500', 'D27.505.954.427.210.600.500'], ['E05.196.401.190', 'E05.301.300.190'], ['D02.241.081.844.915.162.500', 'D02.241.152.811.162.750', 'D02.241.511.902.915.162.750', 'D09.811.922.162.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E07.632.490', 'E07.710.520'], ['E05.978.810'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['E05.196.712.516.600.676', 'E05.196.867.726'], ['G02.607.445.682'], ['D02.033.415.510.500.802', 'D02.092.668.387.750', 'D10.289.510.500.802']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
[PERIPHERAL AUTONOMOUS REGULATION OF SINUS (SINOATRIAL) NODE IN TYPE 1 AND 2 DIABETES MELLITUS].
|
The aim of this work was to study peripheral vegetative regulation of pacemaker activity of the sinus (sinoatrial) node (SN) by high resolution analysis of cardiac rhythm variability (CRV) in patients with type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). All CRV waves in the temporal and spectral regions were shown to be reduced. Regulatory effects of SN were pathologically distributed as appears from the increase of inefficient sympatho-metabolic influence due to the decrease of sympatho-parasympathetic one. Such change and redistribution of effects of regulatory SN factors are the predictors of cardiovascular disorders associated with DM1 and DM2. The low-amplitude CRV fluctuations of certain period and frequency suggest their pathogenetic relationship with DM decompensation. They differed from normal parasympathetic lengthening of a single RR-interval due to the high speed of pulse passage along parasympathetic fibers. It is supposed that these waves with periods 2.33. ± 2.35 and 2.3 ± 2.1 s and spectral density peaks 0.23 ± 0.045 and 0.24 ± 0.16 Hz showing average and moderate correlation with clinical and laboratory data (r = 0.543 ± 0.028 in DM1 and 0.388 ± 0.034 in DM2) are markers of diabetic endotoxicosis.
|
['Adult', 'Autonomic Nervous System', 'Diabetes Mellitus', 'Heart Function Tests', 'Humans', 'Sinoatrial Node']
| 26,155,708
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['A08.800.050'], ['C18.452.394.750', 'C19.246'], ['E01.370.370.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A07.541.409.819']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Spatiotemporal patterns of fibronectin distribution during embryonic development. I. Chick limbs.
|
It has been suggested that an extracellular matrix - and cell surface - associated glycoprotein, fibronectin, plays a role in the positioning of cells in morphogenesis and in the maintenance of orderly tissue organization. In the present study the appearance and distribution of fibronectin during in ovo chick limb development has been investigated by indirect immunofluorescence techniques in H.H. stages 20-30. Fibronectin is not detectable until just prior to the transition from the morphogenetic to the cytodifferentiation phase of development. Beginning at H.H. stage 25, successive nonrandom patterns of fibronectin detection and distribution, which resemble the subsequent cartilaginous elements, precede overt chondrogenesis as detected by Alcian blue staining. This corresponds to the onset of the cytodifferentiation phase of limb development. As the accumulation of acidic proteoglycan increases in the cartilage matrix and the mesenchymal cells become more round in appearance, the presence of detectable fibronectin decreases and is ultimately seen only in the perichondria and basement membrane. However, predigestion of developed cartilage tissue with testicular hyaluronidase, prior to fibronectin staining, indicated that fibronectin remains a major constituent of cartilage matrix and is apparently masked by cartilage-specific proteoglycans. This study of chick limb development is consistent with the hypothesis that fibronectin may be a molecule that facilitates the spatial organization of cartilaginous primordia cytodifferentiation.
|
['Animals', 'Cartilage', 'Cell Differentiation', 'Chick Embryo', 'Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel', 'Fibronectins', 'Fluorescent Antibody Technique', 'Hindlimb', 'Hyaluronoglucosaminidase', 'Morphogenesis']
| 7,031,164
|
[['B01.050'], ['A02.165', 'A10.165.382'], ['G04.152'], ['A13.350.150', 'A16.331.200'], ['E05.196.401.402', 'E05.301.300.319'], ['D12.776.377.715.390', 'D12.776.395.550.350', 'D12.776.543.550.350', 'D12.776.860.300.450'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512.240', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512.240', 'E05.200.500.607.512.240', 'E05.200.750.551.512.240', 'E05.478.583.375'], ['A13.473'], ['D08.811.277.450.529', 'D08.811.520.241.700.675'], ['G07.345.500']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Mixed micelles based on a pH-sensitive prodrug and TPGS for enhancing drug efficacy against multidrug-resistant cancer cells.
|
In this study, we prepared mixed micelles composed of a pH-sensitive poly(ethylene glycol)-doxorubicin conjugate prodrug and d-alpha-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol succinate (TPGS). The average hydrodynamic size of the mixed micelles was approximately 144nm, measured by dynamic light scattering. In an MTT assay the pH-sensitive prodrug was non-cytotoxic at low concentration but inhibited drug-resistant cancer cell (MCF-7/ADR) growth at high dose. The mixed micelles showed concentration-dependent cytotoxicity and significantly increased the cytotoxicity of the prodrug in MCF-7/ADR cells. Confocal laser scanning images revealed that higher concentrations of doxorubicin were successfully delivered into cell nuclei, enabling effective drug-induced cell death. Fluorescence microscopy indicated that there was less escape of the internalized doxorubicin from cells. Therefore, the enhanced drug efficacy in MCF-7/ADR cells is most likely attributed to a synergistic effect of drug-release from the pH-sensitive prodrug inside cells and suppression of P-glycoprotein efflux activity by TPGS.
|
['Antineoplastic Agents', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Cell Survival', 'Doxorubicin', 'Drug Resistance, Multiple', 'Drug Resistance, Neoplasm', 'Humans', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'MCF-7 Cells', 'Micelles', 'Polyethylene Glycols', 'Vitamin E']
| 28,823,972
|
[['D27.505.954.248'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['G04.346'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.562.050.200.175', 'D04.615.562.050.200.175', 'D09.408.051.059.200.175'], ['G07.690.773.984.300'], ['G07.690.773.984.395'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G02.300'], ['A11.251.210.190.630'], ['D05.374', 'D26.255.560'], ['D02.033.455.250.700', 'D05.750.741', 'D25.720.741', 'J01.637.051.720.741'], ['D03.383.663.283.909', 'D03.633.100.150.909']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Labrafil--a new adjuvant for peptide-specific oral tolerance in rat experimental autoimmune uveitis.
|
Application of soluble antigen via the oral route results in systemic antigen-specific tolerance, a therapeutic approach that has already been used for uveitis patients. In the Lewis rat experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU) can be induced by active immunisation with retinal antigens such as retinal soluble antigen (S-Ag) or interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP) and peptides thereof. These normally pathogenic antigens can also be used to induce oral tolerance. In order to optimize oral tolerance induction we analysed the effect of Labrafil M 2125 CS, an orally administrable composition for pharmaceutical use, consisting of fatty acid esters and glycerides and capable of forming micro emulsions. Feeding peptide emulsified in Labrafil M 2125 CS/PBS prior to immunisation significantly improved oral tolerance compared to feeding peptide in PBS only. We observed a delayed onset of disease, reduced intraocular inflammation and less retinal destruction. Application of Labrafil M 2125 CS without tolerogen had no effect. Combined feeding of peptide with Labrafil M 2125 CS even allowed 10-fold reduction of the tolerogenic peptide dose. Furthermore, the effect of Labrafil M 2125 CS upon oral tolerance was dose-dependent, a peptide emulsion containing 0.5-2% Labrafil M 2125 CS achieved a maximal enhancement of oral tolerance induction, suggesting that Labrafil M 2125 CS might be a useful adjuvant to enhance therapeutic use of oral tolerance.
|
['Administration, Oral', 'Amino Acid Sequence', 'Animals', 'Autoimmune Diseases', 'Eye Proteins', 'Female', 'Glycerides', 'Immune Tolerance', 'Male', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Peptide Fragments', 'Polyethylene Glycols', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Lew', 'Surface-Active Agents', 'Uveitis']
| 18,042,397
|
[['E02.319.267.100'], ['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['B01.050'], ['C20.111'], ['D12.776.306'], ['D10.351'], ['G12.535.425'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['D12.644.541'], ['D02.033.455.250.700', 'D05.750.741', 'D25.720.741', 'J01.637.051.720.741'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760.280', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400.280'], ['D27.720.877'], ['C11.941.879']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Simultaneous Determination of 11 High-Polarity Components from Fructus Corni: A Quantitative LC-MS/MS Method for Improved Quality Control.
|
Fructus Corni, the dried ripe sarcocarp of Cornus officinalis Sieb.et Zucc (Cornaceae), is widely used in traditional medicine. Pharmacological studies to date have attributed many biological effects to the high-polarity components. However, current quality control methods focus on only several iridoid glycoside components, and, of note, there is no comprehensive method available to simultaneously quantify the high-polarity components in Fructus Corni. Here, a simple, sensitive and robust liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry method was developed to simultaneously determine 11 high-polarity constituents (5-hydroxymethyl-2-furfural, gallic acid, sweroside, cornin, loganin, morroniside, 7á-O-methylmorroniside, 7â-O-methylmorroniside, 7á-O-ethylmorroniside and 7â-O-ethylmorroniside, cornuside) of Fructus Corni. This method showed good specificity, linearity (r2 ? 0.9907), repeatability (RSD < 5.98%) and recovery (93.24 ~ 112.92%, RSD < 9.06%). This validated method was successfully employed to assess the component variation of crude Fructus Corni of three regional origins as well as after processing. In particular, the iridoid isomers were, for the first time, included as the quality markers for Fructus Corni. We propose that this method may provide a new and powerful tool for achieving comprehensive quality control of Fructus Corni.
|
['Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'Cornus', 'Drugs, Chinese Herbal', 'Limit of Detection', 'Linear Models', 'Quality Control', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Tandem Mass Spectrometry']
| 29,036,589
|
[['E05.196.181.400.300'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.250.299'], ['D20.215.784.500.350', 'D26.335'], ['E05.318.740.872.374', 'N05.715.360.750.725.500', 'N06.850.520.830.872.500'], ['E05.318.740.500.500', 'E05.318.740.750.425', 'E05.599.835.750', 'N05.715.360.750.530.460', 'N05.715.360.750.695.460', 'N06.850.520.830.500.500', 'N06.850.520.830.750.425'], ['J01.897.608'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['E05.196.566.880']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Paediatric tracheostomy in Hospital University Kebangsaan Malaysia - a changing trend.
|
Indication for pediatric tracheostomy has changed. Upper airway obstruction secondary to infectious disorders is no longer the commonest indication. The aim of this study was to establish data on indications, outcome and complications of pediatric tracheostomy. A retrospective analysis of pediatric tracheostomies carried out between March 2002 to March 2004 was done. Eighteen patients were identified. The commonest indication was prolonged ventilation (94.5%) followed by pulmonary toilet (5.5%). None was performed for upper airway obstruction. Postoperative complications were encountered in six patients (33.3%), the commonest being accidental decannulation notably in children less than six years of age. Twelve patients (66.6%) were successfully decannulated. The mortality rate was 16.6%. All death were non tracheostomy related. The commonest indication for tracheostomy was prolonged ventilation and tracheostomy in children is relatively safe despite complications.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Airway Obstruction', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Female', 'Hospitals, University', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Malaysia', 'Male', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Tracheostomy']
| 16,898,313
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['C08.618.846.185'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['N02.278.020.300.310', 'N02.278.421.639.725'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['Z01.252.145.487'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E02.041.750', 'E04.579.935', 'E04.580.900', 'E04.928.780']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Salinity and temperature variations reflecting on cellular PCNA, IGF-I and II expressions, body growth and muscle cellularity of a freshwater fish larvae.
|
The present study assessed the influence of salinity and temperature on body growth and on muscle cellularity of Lophiosilurus alexaxdri vitelinic larvae. Slightly salted environments negatively influenced body growth of freshwater fish larvae and we observed that those conditions notably act as an environmental influencer on muscle growth and on local expression of hypertrophia and hypeplasia markers (IGFs and PCNA). Furthermore, we could see that salinity tolerance for NaCl 4gl(-)(1) diminishes with increasing temperature, evidenced by variation in body and muscle growth, and by irregular morphology of the lateral skeletal muscle of larvae. We saw that an increase of both PCNA and autocrine IGF-II are correlated to an increase in fibre numbers and fibre diameter as the temperature increases and salinity diminishes. On the other hand, autocrine IGF-I follows the opposite way to the other biological parameters assessed, increasing as salinity increases and temperature diminishes, showing that this protein did not participate in muscle cellularity, but participating in molecular/cellular repair. Therefore, slightly salted environments may provide adverse conditions that cause some obstacles to somatic growth of this species, suggesting some osmotic expenditure with a salinity increment.
|
['Animals', 'Biometry', 'Catfishes', 'Fish Proteins', 'Fluorescence', 'Fresh Water', 'Insulin-Like Growth Factor I', 'Insulin-Like Growth Factor II', 'Larva', 'Linear Models', 'Muscle Fibers, Skeletal', 'Muscle, Skeletal', 'Principal Component Analysis', 'Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen', 'Salinity', 'Temperature']
| 24,747,484
|
[['B01.050'], ['E05.318.740.225', 'N06.850.505.200'], ['B01.050.150.900.493.080'], ['D12.776.325'], ['G01.358.500.505.650.665.500', 'G01.590.540.665.500'], ['G16.500.275.280', 'N06.230.232'], ['D12.644.276.937.400', 'D12.776.124.862.400', 'D12.776.467.937.400', 'D23.529.937.400'], ['D12.644.276.937.420', 'D12.776.124.862.425', 'D12.776.467.937.420', 'D23.529.937.420'], ['B05.500.500', 'G07.345.500.550.500.500'], ['E05.318.740.500.500', 'E05.318.740.750.425', 'E05.599.835.750', 'N05.715.360.750.530.460', 'N05.715.360.750.695.460', 'N06.850.520.830.500.500', 'N06.850.520.830.750.425'], ['A10.690.552.500.500', 'A11.620.249'], ['A02.633.567', 'A10.690.552.500'], ['E05.318.740.562'], ['D12.776.660.740', 'D23.050.290.750', 'D23.101.140.600'], ['G02.640.500'], ['G01.906.595', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710', 'G16.500.750.775.710', 'N06.230.150.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Anal encirclement with polypropylene mesh for rectal prolapse and incontinence.
|
Seventeen selected patients (mean age, 74 years)--14 with rectal prolapse and 3 with persisting anal incontinence after previous operations--underwent high anal encirclement with polypropylene mesh. There was no operative mortality. Prolapse recurred in 2 (15 percent) of the 13 patients followed up for 6 months or more (mean, 3.5 years). Three (27 percent) of the 11 patients with associated anal incontinence improved functionally, as did the three operated on for persisting incontinence, but only one patient regained normal continence. No breakage, cutting out, or infection related to the mesh was observed. Because of the risk of fecal impaction encountered in three of our patients, the procedure is not advocated for severely constipated patients. Despite the somewhat disappointing results regarding restoration of continence, we find this method useful in patients with rectal prolapse who are unfit for more extensive surgery, in controlling the prolapse to an acceptable degree.
|
['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Colorectal Surgery', 'Fecal Impaction', 'Fecal Incontinence', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Middle Aged', 'Polypropylenes', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Rectal Prolapse', 'Recurrence', 'Reoperation', 'Surgical Mesh']
| 1,914,725
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['H02.403.810.208'], ['C06.405.469.531.424'], ['C06.405.469.860.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D02.455.326.271.665.590', 'D05.750.716.550', 'D25.720.716.550', 'J01.637.051.720.716.550'], ['C23.550.767'], ['C06.405.469.860.800', 'C23.300.842.624.500'], ['C23.550.291.937'], ['E04.690'], ['E07.858.708']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Reversible inhibition of the hydrocortisone induction of glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase by cytochalasin B in rat glial C6 cells.
|
The hydrocortisone (HC) induction of glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH; EC 1.1.1.8) in rat glial C6 cells was inhibited reversibly and in a dose-dependent manner by cytochalasin B (CB). CB had no effect on basal level GPDH, total cellular RNA, DNA or protein content nor did it act as a general inhibitor of the rate of protein synthesis. CB did not appear to be acting via dissociation of microtubules since colcemid had no effect on the induction process. The addition of an alternate energy source (sodium pyruvate) did not relieve the CB inhibition of GPDH induction suggesting that CB is not exerting its effect by blocking glucose utilization. The inhibition by CB is not dependent on the temporal sequence of the induction process since it specifically inhibited GPDH induction at any time it was added. CB did not alter the rate of degradation of GPDH in these cells and direct measurements of the specific rate of synthesis of GPDH demonstrated that CB decreased the induced rate of GPDH synthesis by about 60%. The site of inhibition was more precisely defined by experiments which demonstrated a 60% decrease in specific nuclear binding of 3H-HC even though total cellular uptake of 3H-HC was unaffected. This effect on nuclear binding of HC is sufficient to account for the decreased accumulation of GPDH activity in CB-treated cells.
|
['Animals', 'Cell Line', 'Cell Nucleus', 'Colchicine', 'Cytochalasin B', 'Dimethyl Sulfoxide', 'Drug Interactions', 'Enzyme Induction', 'Glycerolphosphate Dehydrogenase', 'Hydrocortisone', 'Neuroglia', 'Pyruvates', 'Rats', 'Time Factors']
| 563,407
|
[['B01.050'], ['A11.251.210'], ['A11.284.430.106', 'A11.284.430.214.190.875.117'], ['D03.132.225'], ['D03.633.100.473.231.370', 'D23.946.587.370.370'], ['D02.886.640.150'], ['G07.690.773.968'], ['G05.308.320.200'], ['D08.811.682.047.150.700.400'], ['D04.210.500.745.745.654.600', 'D06.472.040.585.353.476', 'D06.472.040.585.478.392'], ['A08.637', 'A11.650'], ['D02.241.755.812'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of taurine in biological fluids by post-column fluorescence reaction with thiamine.
|
A high-performance liquid chromatographic method is described for the selective determination of taurine in biological fluids by post-column fluorescence reaction. Taurine was separated on an adsorption-distribution type Shodex Ionpac KC-811 column. Then it was converted with hypochlorite into the corresponding N-chloramine, which was allowed to react with thiamine to give fluorescent thiochrome. As little as 6 ng per injection of taurine could be determined. The average recoveries of spiked taurine in serum and urine were 99.5 +/- 2.7 and 101.8 +/- 2.9%, respectively. The method could be applied to the assay of taurine in human serum and urine with simple pretreatment.
|
['Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'Fluorescence', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Taurine', 'Thiamine']
| 1,770,098
|
[['E05.196.181.400.300'], ['G01.358.500.505.650.665.500', 'G01.590.540.665.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D02.455.326.146.100.850', 'D02.886.645.600.055.850'], ['D02.886.675.900', 'D03.383.129.708.900', 'D03.383.742.795']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Elution of antibiotics from poly(methyl methacrylate) bone cement after extended implantation does not necessarily clear the infection despite susceptibility of the clinical isolates.
|
Chronic orthopedic infections are commonly caused by bacterial biofilms, which are recalcitrant to antibiotic treatment. In many cases, the revision procedure for periprosthetic joint infection or trauma cases includes the implantation of antibiotic-loaded bone cement to kill infecting bacteria via the elution of a strong local dose of antibiotic(s) at the site. While many studies have addressed the elution kinetics of both non-absorbable and absorbable bone cements both in vitro and in vivo, the potency of ALBC against pathogenic bacteria after extended implantation time is not clear. In this communication, we use two case studies, a Viridans streptococci infected total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and a MRSA-polymicrobial osteomyelitis of a distal tibial traumatic amputation (TA) to demonstrate that an antibiotic-loaded poly(methyl methacrylate) (ALPMMA) coated intermedullary rod implanted for 117 days (TKA) and three ALPMMA suture-strung beads implanted for 210 days (TA) retained killing ability against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus in vitro, despite different clinical efficacies. The TKA infection resolved and the patient progressed to an uneventful second stage. However, the TA infection only resolved after multiple rounds of debridement, IV vancomycin and removal of the PMMA beads and placement of vancomycin and tobramycin loaded calcium sulfate beads.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Amputation, Traumatic', 'Anti-Bacterial Agents', 'Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee', 'Bacterial Infections', 'Bone Cements', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Microbial Sensitivity Tests', 'Polymethyl Methacrylate', 'Prosthesis-Related Infections', 'Pseudomonas aeruginosa', 'Staphylococcus aureus', 'Streptococcus', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 26,527,622
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C26.062'], ['D27.505.954.122.085'], ['E04.555.110.110.115', 'E04.650.110.115', 'E04.680.101.110.115'], ['C01.150.252'], ['D05.750.716.822.300', 'D25.720.716.822.300', 'D27.720.102.158', 'J01.637.051.720.716.822.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.875.595', 'E05.200.875.595', 'E05.337.550.400'], ['D02.241.081.069.800.550.500', 'D05.750.716.822.111.650.605.500', 'D25.720.716.822.111.650.605.500', 'J01.637.051.720.716.822.111.650.605.500'], ['C01.685', 'C23.550.767.868'], ['B03.440.400.425.625.625.100', 'B03.660.250.580.590.050'], ['B03.300.390.400.800.750.100', 'B03.353.500.750.750.100', 'B03.510.100.750.750.100', 'B03.510.400.790.750.100'], ['B03.353.750.737.872', 'B03.510.400.800.872', 'B03.510.550.737.872'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
"Biomimetic-electrochemical-sensory-platform" for biomolecule free cocaine testing.
|
A biomimetic cocaine sensor was fabricated by using poly(p-phenylene) (PPP) with cyclodextrin (CD) units in the backbone and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) side chains (PPP-CD-g-PEG). The sensory platform was constructed by one step surface modification of glassy carbon electrode with PPP-CD-g-PEG by drop coating. The electrochemical measurements are based on the formation of CD-cocaine inclusion complex on the surface resulting in a significant decrease in electron transfer capacity of the selected redox probe. The changes in the surface features due to cocaine binding were explored via electrochemical techniques such as differential pulse voltammetry, cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectrometry. The sensor exhibited linearity in the range of 25-200 nM cocaine, LOD was calculated as 28.62 nM (n = 5) according to 3Sb/m formula. Finally, the sensory platform was successfully applied for the cocaine analysis in synthetic urine samples and correlated with the chromatographic method.
|
['Biomimetics', 'Cocaine', 'Electrochemical Techniques', 'Electrodes', 'Nanotubes, Carbon', 'beta-Cyclodextrins']
| 29,853,084
|
[['H01.158.550.100', 'J01.897.120.100'], ['D02.145.074.722.388', 'D03.132.889.354', 'D03.605.084.500.722.388', 'D03.605.869.388'], ['E05.301'], ['E07.305.250'], ['D01.268.150.250.500', 'J01.637.512.850.500'], ['D04.345.103.333', 'D09.301.915.400.375.333', 'D09.698.365.855.400.375.333']]
|
['Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Are Belgian military students in medical sciences better educated in disaster medicine than their civilian colleagues?
|
INTRODUCTION: Historically, medical students have been deployed to care for disaster victims but may not have been properly educated to do so. A previous evaluation of senior civilian medical students in Belgium revealed that they are woefully unprepared. Based on the nature of their military training, we hypothesised that military medical students were better educated and prepared than their civilian counterparts for disasters. We evaluated the impact of military training on disaster education in medical science students.METHODS: Students completed an online survey on disaster medicine, training, and knowledge, tested using a mixed set of 10 theoretical and practical questions. The results were compared with those of a similar evaluation of senior civilian medical students.RESULTS: The response rate was 77.5%, mean age 23 years and 59% were males. Overall, 95% of military medical students received some chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear training and 22% took part in other disaster management training; 44% perceived it is absolutely necessary that disaster management should be incorporated into the regular curriculum. Self-estimated knowledge ranged from 3.75 on biological incidents to 4.55 on influenza pandemics, based on a 10-point scale. Intention to respond in case of an incident ranged from 7 in biological incidents to 7.25 in chemical incidents. The mean test score was 5.52; scores improved with educational level attained. A comparison of survey data from civilian senior medical master students revealed that, except for influenza pandemic, military students scored higher on knowledge and capability, even though only 27% of them were senior master students. Data on willingness to work are comparable between the two groups. Results of the question/case set were significantly better for the military students.CONCLUSIONS: The military background and training of these students makes them better prepared for disaster situations than their civilian counterparts.
|
['Belgium', 'Clinical Competence', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Curriculum', 'Disaster Medicine', 'Education, Medical, Undergraduate', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Military Personnel', 'Students, Medical', 'Young Adult']
| 26,759,501
|
[['Z01.542.115'], ['I02.399.630.210', 'N04.761.210', 'N05.715.175'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['I02.158'], ['H02.403.230'], ['I02.358.399.450'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.526.625'], ['M01.848.769.602'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Geographicals [Z]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Oxidant-mediated inhibition of ligand uptake by the macrophage mannose receptor.
|
We have investigated the effect of oxidants on ligand recognition and internalization by the macrophage mannose receptor. Rat bone marrow macrophages were treated with increasing concentrations of H2O2 for 30 min at 37 degrees C. Fifty percent inhibition of ligand uptake was observed at 250 microM, with only 10% of control uptake remaining following exposure to 1 mM H2O2 for 30 min. Electron micrographic analysis of macrophages following H2O2 treatment showed no morphological alterations compared to untreated cells. Ligand uptake was also inhibited by the following H2O2 generating systems: menadione, xanthine/xanthine oxidase, glucose/glucose oxidase, and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-stimulated polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Inhibition could be blocked by catalase plus or minus superoxide dismutase. Treatment of macrophages at 4 degrees C with H2O2 had no effect on ligand binding, whereas treatment with H2O2 at 37 degrees C reduced binding to 15% of control levels and decreased the number of surface receptors to one-third of control cells. H2O2 treatment inhibited ligand degradation by macrophages, but did not prevent ligand movement from the surface to the interior of the cell. In addition, ligand delivery to lysosomes was blocked by oxidant treatment. These results suggest that treatment of macrophages with reagent H2O2 or H2O2-generating systems inhibits the normal ligand delivery and receptor recycling process involving the mannose receptor. Potential mechanisms might include receptor oxidation, alterations in ATP levels, or membrane lipid peroxidation.
|
['Animals', 'Bone Marrow Cells', 'Catalase', 'Glucose Oxidase', 'Glucuronidase', 'Hydrogen Peroxide', 'Lectins, C-Type', 'Ligands', 'Macrophages', 'Mannose-Binding Lectins', 'Microscopy, Electron', 'N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine', 'Neutrophils', 'Rats', 'Receptors, Cell Surface', 'Receptors, Immunologic', 'Superoxide Dismutase', 'Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate']
| 3,335,543
|
[['B01.050'], ['A11.148', 'A15.378.316'], ['D08.811.682.732.332'], ['D08.811.682.047.239'], ['D08.811.277.450.426'], ['D01.248.497.158.685.750.424', 'D01.339.431.374.424', 'D01.650.550.750.400', 'D02.389.338.253'], ['D12.776.503.280'], ['D27.720.470.480'], ['A11.329.372', 'A11.627.482', 'A11.733.397', 'A15.382.670.522', 'A15.382.680.397'], ['D12.776.503.311'], ['E01.370.350.515.402', 'E05.595.402'], ['D02.886.030.676.450.440', 'D12.125.072.050.685.445', 'D12.125.142.666.500', 'D12.125.166.676.450.440', 'D12.644.456.400', 'D23.125.685'], ['A11.118.637.415.583', 'A11.627.340.583', 'A11.733.689', 'A15.145.229.637.415.583', 'A15.382.490.315.583', 'A15.382.680.689'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['D12.776.543.750'], ['D12.776.543.750.705'], ['D08.811.682.881'], ['D02.455.849.291.500.510.850']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Methylation profile of the promoter CpG islands of 31 genes that may contribute to colorectal carcinogenesis.
|
AIM: To establish the methylation profile of the promoter CpG islands of 31 genes that might play etiological roles in colon carcinogenesis.METHODS: The methylation specific PCR in conjunction of sequencing verification was used to establish the methylation-profile of the promoter CpG islands of 31 genes in colorectal cancer (n = 65), the neighboring non-cancerous tissues (n = 5), colorectal adenoma (n = 8), and normal mucosa (n = 1). Immunohistochemically, expression of 10 genes was assessed on the home-made tissue microarrays of tissues from 58 patients. The correlation of tumor specific changes with each of clinical-pathologic features was scrutinized with relevant statistic tools.RESULTS: In comparison with the normal mucosa of the non-cancer patients, the following 14 genes displayed no tumor associated changes: breast cancer 1, early onset (BRCA1), cadherin 1, type 1, E-cadherin (epithelial) (CDH1), death-associated protein kinase 1 (DAPK1), DNA (cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1), melanoma antigen, family A, 1 (directs expression of antigen MZ2-E) (MAGEA1), tumor suppressor candidate 3 (N33), cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (p21, Cip1) (p21(WAF1)), cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B (p27, Kip1) (p27(KIP1)), phosphatase and tensin homolog (mutated in multiple advanced cancers 1) (PTEN), retinoic acid receptor, beta (RAR- , Ras association (RalGDS/AF-6) domain family 1 C (RASSF1C), secreted frizzled-related protein 1 (SFRP1), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 3 (Sorsby fundus dystrophy, pseudoinflammatory) (TIMP3), and von Hippel-Lindau syndrome (VHL). The rest 17 targets exhibited to various extents the tumor associated changes. As changes in methylation of the following genes occurred marginally, their impact on the formation of colorectal cancer were trivial: adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) (8%, 5/65), Ras association (RalGDS/AF-6) domain family 1A (RASSF1A) (3%, 2/65) and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A, alternated reading frame (p14(ARF)) (6%, 4/65). The following genes exhibited moderate changes in methylation: O-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) (20%, 13/65), mutL homolog 1, colon cancer, nonpolyposis type 2 (E. coli) (hMLH1) (18%, 12/65), cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (melanoma, p16, inhibits CDK4) (p16(INK4a)) (10%, 10/65), methylated in tumor 1 (MINT1) (15%, 10/65), methylated in tumor 31 (MINT31) (11%, 7/65). The rest changed greatly in the methylation pattern in colorectal cancer (CRC): cyclin A1 (cyclin a1) (100%, 65/65), caudal type homeobox transcription factor 1 (CDX1) (100%, 65/65), RAR- (85%, 55/65), myogenic factor 3 (MYOD1) (69%, 45/65), cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2B (p15, inhibits CDK4) (p15(INK4b)) (68%, 44/65), prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) (COX2) (72%, 47/65), cadherin 13, H-cadherin (heart) (CDH13) (65%, 42/65), CAAX box 1 (CXX1) (58%, 38/65), tumor protein p73 (p73) (63%, 41/65) and Wilms tumor 1 (WT1) (58%, 38/65). However, no significant correlation of changes in methylation with any given clinical-pathological features was detected. Furthermore, the frequent changes in methylation appeared to be an early phase event of colon carcinogenesis. The in situ expression of 10 genes was assessed by the immunohistochemical approach at the protein level: CDH1, CDH13, COX2, cyclin A1, hMLH1, MGMT, p14(ARF), p73, RAR- , and TIMP3 genes in the context of the methylation status in colorectal cancer. No clear correlation between the hypermethylation of the promoter CpG islands and the negative expression of the genes was established.CONCLUSION: The methylation profile of 31 genes was established in patients with colon cancer and colorectal adenomas, which provides new insights into the DNA methylation mediated mechanisms underlying the carcinogenesis of colorectal cancer and may be of prognostic values for colorectal cancer.
|
['Adenoma', 'Base Sequence', 'Colorectal Neoplasms', 'CpG Islands', 'DNA Methylation', 'Gene Expression Profiling', 'Humans', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Prognosis', 'Promoter Regions, Genetic']
| 15,526,363
|
[['C04.557.470.035'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['C04.588.274.476.411.307', 'C06.301.371.411.307', 'C06.405.249.411.307', 'C06.405.469.158.356', 'C06.405.469.491.307', 'C06.405.469.860.180'], ['G02.111.570.080.380.160', 'G05.360.080.380.160', 'G05.360.340.024.159'], ['G02.111.035.538.161', 'G02.111.218', 'G03.059.538.161', 'G05.206'], ['E05.393.332'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['E01.789'], ['G02.111.570.080.689.675', 'G05.360.080.689.675', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.750.680']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Natriuretic peptides stimulate the cardiac sodium pump via NPR-C-coupled NOS activation.
|
Natriuretic peptides (NPs) and their receptors (NPRs) are expressed in the heart, but their effects on myocyte function are poorly understood. Because NPRs are coupled to synthesis of cGMP, an activator of the sarcolemmal Na(+)-K(+) pump, we examined whether atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) regulates the pump. We voltage clamped rabbit ventricular myocytes and identified electrogenic Na(+)-K(+) pump current (arising from the 3:2 Na(+):K(+) exchange and normalized for membrane capacitance) as the shift in membrane current induced by 100 micromol/l ouabain. Ten nanomoles per liter ANP stimulated the Na(+)-K(+) pump when the intracellular compartment was perfused with pipette solutions containing 10 mmol/l Na(+) but had no effect when the pump was at near maximal activation with 80 mmol/l Na(+) in the pipette solution. Stimulation was abolished by inhibition of cGMP-activated protein kinase with KT-5823, nitric oxide (NO)-activated guanylyl cyclase with 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazole[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ), or NO synthase with N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME). Since synthesis of cGMP by NPR-A and NPR-B is not NO dependent or ODQ sensitive, we exposed myocytes to AP-811, a highly selective ligand for the NPR-C "clearance" receptor. It abolished ANP-induced pump stimulation. Conversely, the selective NPR-C agonist ANP(4-23) reproduced stimulation. The stimulation was blocked by l-NAME. To examine NO production in response to ANP(4-23), we loaded myocytes with the NO-sensitive fluorescent dye diacetylated diaminofluorescein-2 and examined them by confocal microscopy. ANP(4-23) induced a significant increase in fluorescence, which was abolished by L-NAME. We conclude that NPs stimulate the Na(+)-K(+) pump via an NPR-C and NO-dependent pathway.
|
['Animals', 'Cyclic GMP-Dependent Protein Kinases', 'Enzyme Activation', 'Guanylate Cyclase', 'Male', 'Myocardium', 'Natriuretic Peptides', 'Nitric Oxide Synthase', 'Protein Isoforms', 'Rabbits', 'Receptors, Atrial Natriuretic Factor', 'Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear', 'Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase', 'Soluble Guanylyl Cyclase']
| 18,272,821
|
[['B01.050'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.150.150', 'D12.644.360.200.150', 'D12.776.476.200.150'], ['G02.111.263', 'G03.328'], ['D08.811.520.650.600', 'D12.644.360.350', 'D12.776.476.350'], ['A02.633.580', 'A07.541.704', 'A10.690.552.750'], ['D06.472.699.584', 'D12.644.548.585'], ['D08.811.682.664.500.772'], ['D12.776.800'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.968.700'], ['D08.811.520.650.600.500.500', 'D12.776.543.750.700.500', 'D12.776.543.750.750.160'], ['D12.776.826'], ['D08.811.277.040.025.314.750', 'D12.776.157.530.450.162.780', 'D12.776.157.530.450.250.880', 'D12.776.157.530.813.750', 'D12.776.543.585.450.162.800', 'D12.776.543.585.450.250.890', 'D12.776.543.585.813.750'], ['D08.811.520.650.600.750', 'D12.644.360.350.500', 'D12.776.476.350.500']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Activation of human monocytes by free muramyl dipeptide (MDP).
|
Activation of human monocytes with MDP (N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine) 1-100 micrograms per ml for 48 h in vitro enhanced the cytostatic activity against the target cell line K-562, while cytolysis remained unchanged. Catalase, 600 SU per ml, had no inhibitory effect on the cytostasis mediated by MDP-activated monocytes. The optimal MDP concentration for activation was in the range 3-10 micrograms per ml. Supernatants from monocytes activated with MDP 1-30 micrograms per ml for 48 h exerted no cytostatic activity. MDP 1-100 micrograms per ml had no direct cytostatic or cytolytic effect on the target cells in a 24 h assay. When added to monocytes cultured in vitro for four days immediately prior to the chemiluminescence (CL)-assay, MDP 10-100 micrograms per ml enhanced both the zymosan and phorbol myristate acetate-triggered lucigenin-dependent CL. Monocytes pre-activated with MDP for 48 h did not demonstrate any enhanced CL-response. MDP-activation 30 micrograms per ml for 48 h increased the zymosan-triggered generation of H2O2 moderately. The enhanced cytostatic activity induced by MDP-activation is probably not mediated by hydrogen peroxidase or production of cytostatic factors.
|
['Acetylmuramyl-Alanyl-Isoglutamine', 'Catalase', 'Cell Line', 'Cytotoxicity, Immunologic', 'Humans', 'Hydrogen Peroxide', 'Luminescent Measurements', 'Lymphocyte Activation', 'Monocytes', 'Superoxide Dismutase']
| 6,507,104
|
[['D09.067.550.050', 'D09.811.522.050', 'D12.644.233.050'], ['D08.811.682.732.332'], ['A11.251.210'], ['G12.287'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D01.248.497.158.685.750.424', 'D01.339.431.374.424', 'D01.650.550.750.400', 'D02.389.338.253'], ['E05.196.712.516'], ['E01.370.225.812.482', 'E05.200.812.482', 'E05.478.594.530', 'G12.450.050.400.545', 'G12.565'], ['A11.118.637.555.652', 'A11.148.580', 'A11.627.624', 'A11.733.547', 'A15.145.229.637.555.652', 'A15.378.316.580', 'A15.382.490.555.652', 'A15.382.670.547', 'A15.382.680.547'], ['D08.811.682.881']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Chromosome 2 hypersensitivity and clonal development in murine radiation acute myeloid leukaemia.
|
Acute myeloid leukaemias induced by ionizing radiation in mouse are characterized by chromosome (chr) 2 aberrations. While it is known that chr 2 aberrations form early and in abundance post-irradiation, unequivocal evidence for hypersensitivity of chr 2 in the first post-irradiation mitoses is lacking. Here it is established that chromosomal aberrations detected in bone marrow cells by chromosome painting are induced in all mice at an approximately 2-fold greater frequency in chr 2 by comparison with chrs 1 and 3 at 24 and 48 h following in vivo whole-body X-irradiation. Long-term follow up studies (to 15 months post-irradiation) indicated that chromosomal hypersensitivity is accounted for largely by the existence of hot-spots for aberration formation on sensitive chromosomes. Analysis of clonal developments suggested that chr 2 aberrant clones are selected for entry into the proliferating bone marrow cell compartment in preference to cells with other aberrations and that these clones in general have a higher proliferative potential. However, neither the induction of chr 2 aberrations nor the presence of a chr 2 aberrant clone specifically predict the development of AML in an individual irradiated mouse. Nonetheless these events or sub-groups of these events are necessary for AML development.
|
['Acute Disease', 'Animals', 'Chromosome Aberrations', 'Clone Cells', 'In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence', 'Leukemia, Myeloid', 'Leukemia, Radiation-Induced', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred CBA', 'Radiation Tolerance']
| 9,269,311
|
[['C23.550.291.125'], ['B01.050'], ['C23.550.210', 'G05.365.590.175'], ['A11.251.353'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.670.325.350', 'E01.370.225.750.600.670.325.350', 'E05.200.500.620.670.325.350', 'E05.200.750.600.670.325.350', 'E05.393.285.350', 'E05.393.661.475.350'], ['C04.557.337.539'], ['C04.557.337.650', 'C04.682.512', 'C26.733.345', 'G01.750.748.500.345'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.440', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.440'], ['G04.712', 'G07.738']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Cyclosporine in heart transplant recipients: an exercise study of vasopressor effects.
|
The possible vasopressor effect of cyclosporine (CS) on both the systemic and pulmonary vascular beds has been investigated during bicycle exercise in 12 heart transplant recipients (mean age, 41 years) using pulmonary artery catheter measurements. Eight patients were taking cyclosporine and six azathioprine and prednisolone (AzS) as immunosuppressive therapy. With exercise, CS recipients show a significantly larger rise in systemic pressure than AzS recipients (P less than 0.001), with persistently higher pulmonary pressures (P less than 0.001). This suggests a generalized vasopressor effect of CS on the vasculature.
|
['Adult', 'Azathioprine', 'Blood Pressure', 'Cardiac Output', 'Cyclosporine', 'Electrocardiography', 'Exercise Test', 'Female', 'Heart Transplantation', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Prednisolone', 'Pulmonary Wedge Pressure']
| 1,600,994
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D02.886.759.111', 'D03.633.100.759.570.090', 'D13.570.900.111'], ['E01.370.600.875.249', 'G09.330.380.076'], ['E01.370.370.380.150', 'G09.330.380.124'], ['D04.345.566.235.300', 'D12.644.641.235.300'], ['E01.370.370.380.240', 'E01.370.405.240'], ['E01.370.370.380.250', 'E01.370.386.700.250', 'E05.333.250'], ['E04.100.376.475', 'E04.928.220.390', 'E04.936.450.475'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D04.210.500.745.432.769.795'], ['G09.330.380.076.695']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Influence of poultry litter land application on the concentrations of estrogens in water and sediment within a watershed.
|
This research studied the occurrence of estrogens in the Upper Satilla watershed, Georgia, USA, which was impacted by poultry litter land application and discharge from a sewage treatment plant (STP) receiving poultry wastes. Over 14 months, four estrogens in stream water, sediment, suspended particles, and STP samples were quantified by LC/MS. Estrogens were consistently found in the STP influent with high concentrations while they were below the detection limits in the majority of stream water, suspended particles, and sediment. Estrone, 17â-estradiol, and estriol were found in 18% of stream water samples with concentrations up to 46.4, 67.2, and 125 ng L(-1), respectively. However, 17á-ethinylestradiol was only detected in STP samples. Estrogens were found in 14% of suspended particle samples with the median concentration being 27.5 ng g(-1) for estrone, 104.5 ng g(-1) for 17â-estradiol, and 93.9 ng g(-1) for estriol. The estrogen concentrations in sediment were <4.95 ng g(-1), indicating that sediment is not a major sink for estrogens in this watershed. The quantitative analysis of the temporal and spatial distribution of the estrogens suggests the occasional elevation of estrogens in the watershed above the predicted-no-effect-concentrations to fish likely to be associated with litter disposal and rainfall events.
|
['Animals', 'Environmental Monitoring', 'Estradiol Congeners', 'Estrogens', 'Fertilizers', 'Geologic Sediments', 'Georgia', 'Manure', 'Poultry', 'Rivers', 'Waste Disposal, Fluid', 'Water Pollutants, Chemical']
| 23,695,171
|
[['B01.050'], ['N06.850.460.350.080', 'N06.850.780.375'], ['D06.472.334.851.437'], ['D27.505.696.399.472.277'], ['D27.720.031.400'], ['G01.311.330', 'G16.500.320'], ['Z01.107.567.875.075.250', 'Z01.107.567.875.750.370'], ['D20.601'], ['B01.050.050.116.625', 'B01.050.150.900.248.690', 'G07.203.300.600.750', 'J02.500.600.750'], ['G01.311.750', 'G16.500.275.280.650', 'N06.230.232.650'], ['N06.850.780.200.800.800.890', 'N06.850.860.510.900.600.900'], ['D27.888.284.903.655']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Individual and Neighborhood Characteristics Associated with HIV Among Black and Latino Adults Who Use Drugs and Unaware of Their HIV-Positive Status, New York City, 2000-2004.
|
With mounting evidence of how neighborhood socioeconomic context influences individual behavior, investigation of neighborhood social context and sex/drug use risk behavior could help explain and provide insight into solutions to solve persistent racial disparities in HIV. Interviewer-administered surveys and HIV testing among street-recruited individuals who reported illicit drug use in New York City were conducted from 2000 to 2004. Individuals were geocoded to census tracts, and generalized estimating equations were used to determine correlates of being newly diagnosed with HIV at study enrollment. Analyses were completed in 2014. Of the 920 participants, 10.5 % were HIV-positive, and among those, 45 % were diagnosed at study enrollment. After restricting the sample to those who self-reported negative HIV status (n = 867), 72 % were male, 65 % Latino, and 5.1 % tested HIV-positive. After adjustment, those testing HIV-positive were more likely to report male same-sex partnership (p < 0.01) and less likely to be homeless compared with those confirmed HIV-negative (p < 0.01). Neighborhood-adjusted models indicated those from neighborhoods with less deprivation (p < 0.05), and a higher proportion of owner-occupied homes (p < 0.01) were more likely to test HIV-positive. Additionally, Black individuals who used drugs and were from neighborhoods with a higher proportion of Black residents were more likely to be newly diagnosed compared to Latino individuals who used drugs and were from neighborhoods with lower proportions of Black residents (p < 0.05). These data suggest that HIV prevention and treatment efforts should continue widening its reach to those unaware of their HIV infection, namely men who have sex with men, heavy, drug-involved Black communities, and both Black and Latino communities from relatively less disadvantaged neighborhoods.
|
['Adult', 'African Americans', 'HIV Infections', 'Hispanic Americans', 'Humans', 'Male', 'New York City', 'Residence Characteristics', 'Sexual and Gender Minorities', 'Substance-Related Disorders']
| 27,294,761
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.686.508.100.100', 'M01.686.754.100'], ['C01.221.250.875', 'C01.221.812.640.400', 'C01.778.640.400', 'C01.925.782.815.616.400', 'C01.925.813.400', 'C20.673.480'], ['M01.686.754.441'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.107.567.875.350.530.530', 'Z01.107.567.875.500.530.530', 'Z01.433.741'], ['N01.224.791', 'N06.850.505.400.800'], ['M01.777'], ['C25.775', 'F03.900']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Volume changes in the menisci and articular cartilage of runners: an in vivo investigation based on 3-D magnetic resonance imaging.
|
BACKGROUND: Articular cartilage contributes to transferring enormous loads as uniformly as possible from one skeletal segment to the next. Whether it manages this task when subjected to the high repetitive loading cycles occurring during long-distance running and can remain intact is still the topic of controversy.PURPOSE: To investigate the changes in cartilaginous volumes of the tibia, patella, and medial and lateral menisci after extreme dynamic loading as occurs in long-distance runners.STUDY DESIGN: Controlled laboratory study.METHODS: Forty-eight knees of male athletes were studied (38 +/- 14 years). The subjects ran around a predetermined and precisely measured course (5, 10, 20 km), the beginning and end of the run being in the magnetic resonance imaging investigation room. The scan protocol was 60-minute rest period, first measurement, run, 3-minute delay, and second measurement.RESULTS: Overall, there were significant reductions in volume (P < .05) for the patella, tibia, and menisci. There was evidence of significant change after a running distance of 5 km. A further statistical reduction of the volume could only be demonstrated for the medial meniscus after 10 and 20 km.CONCLUSION: Tibial, patellar, and meniscal cartilaginous volumes show not only load-dependent volume changes but also an asymptotic curve. This is the first time that meniscal volume changes due to loading have been used as an indicator of the important mechanical contribution that the menisci make to sustaining the knee during repetitive loading.CLINICAL RELEVANCE: On the basis of the results of this study, the authors assume that the cartilage is able to adapt well to the loads caused by running.
|
['Adult', 'Athletic Injuries', 'Humans', 'Knee Injuries', 'Knee Joint', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Menisci, Tibial', 'Osteoarthritis', 'Patella', 'Risk Assessment', 'Risk Factors', 'Running', 'Sports Medicine', 'Tibia']
| 16,436,539
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['C26.115'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C26.558.554'], ['A02.835.583.475'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['A02.165.308.538.500', 'A02.835.583.475.590', 'A10.165.382.350.163.500'], ['C05.550.114.606', 'C05.799.613'], ['A02.835.232.043.650.624', 'A02.835.232.730.500'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.715', 'N04.452.871.715', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.690', 'N06.850.505.715', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.715'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['G11.427.410.568.610', 'G11.427.410.698.277.750', 'I03.350.750', 'I03.450.642.845.610'], ['H02.403.830'], ['A02.835.232.043.650.883']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Prognostic significance of cardiac cinefluoroscopy for coronary calcific deposits in asymptomatic high risk subjects.
|
OBJECTIVES: This research investigated the prognostic significance of radiographically detectable coronary calcific deposits.BACKGROUND: Coronary calcific deposits are almost always associated with coronary atherosclerosis. We investigated the association between fluoroscopically determined coronary calcium and coronary heart disease end points at 1 year of follow-up.METHODS: This prospective population-based cohort study was conducted in the suburbs of Los Angeles. Fourteen hundred sixty-one asymptomatic adults with an estimated > or = 10% risk of having a coronary heart disease event within 8 years underwent cardiac cinefluoroscopy for assessment of coronary calcium at initiation of the study. Clinical status including angina, documented myocardial infarction, myocardial revascularization and death from coronary heart disease were determined after 1 year.RESULTS: The prevalence of calcific deposits was high (47%). A follow-up examination at 1 year was successfully completed in 99.9% of subjects. Six subjects (0.4%) had died from coronary heart disease and 9 (0.6%) had had a nonfatal myocardial infarction. Thirty-seven subjects (2.5%) reported angina pectoris, and 13 (0.9%) had undergone myocardial revascularization. Fifty-three subjects had at least one event during the 1-year period. Radiographically detectable calcium was associated with the presence of at least one of these end points, with a risk ratio of 2.7 (confidence limits 1.4, 4.6). The presence of coronary calcium was an independent predictor of at least one end point when controlling for age, gender and risk factors. However, three deaths due to coronary heart disease and two nonfatal myocardial infarctions occurred in subjects without detectable coronary calcium.CONCLUSIONS: The presence of coronary calcific deposits incurs an increased risk of coronary heart disease events in asymptomatic high risk subjects at 1 year. This increased risk is independent of that incurred by standard risk factors.
|
['Aged', 'Calcinosis', 'Cineradiography', 'Coronary Disease', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Logistic Models', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Myocardial Ischemia', 'Prognosis', 'Prospective Studies', 'Risk Factors']
| 8,034,867
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['C18.452.174.130'], ['E01.370.350.700.225.469'], ['C14.280.647.250', 'C14.907.585.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.740.500.525', 'E05.318.740.600.800.450', 'E05.318.740.750.450', 'E05.599.835.875', 'N05.715.360.750.530.480', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.450', 'N05.715.360.750.695.470', 'N06.850.520.830.500.525', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.450', 'N06.850.520.830.750.450'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C14.280.647', 'C14.907.585'], ['E01.789'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Improving clinical examination in acute tibial fractures by enhancing visual cues: the case for always 'cutting back' a tibial back-slab and marking the dorsalis pedis pulse.
|
Look, feel, move is a simple and widely taught sequence to be followed when undertaking a clinical examination in orthopaedics (Maher et al., 1994; McRae, 1999; Solomon et al., 2010). The splinting of an acute tibial fracture with a posterior back-slab is also common practice; with the most commonly taught design involving covering the dorsum of the foot with bandaging (Charnley, 1950; Maher et al., 1994; McRae, 1989). We investigated the effect of the visual cues provided by exposing the dorsum of the foot and marking the dorsalis pedis pulse. We used a clinical simulation in which we compared the quality of the recorded clinical examination undertaken by 30 nurses. The nurses were randomly assigned to assess a patient with either a traditional back-slab or one in which the dorsal bandaging had been cut back and the dorsalis pedis pulse marked. We found that the quality of the recorded clinical examination was significantly better in the cut-back group. Previous studies have shown that the cut-back would not alter the effectiveness of the back-slab as a splint (Zagorski et al., 1993). We conclude that all tibial back-slabs should have the bandaging on the dorsum of the foot cut back and the location of the dorsalis pedis pulse marked. This simple adaptation will improve the subsequent clinical examinations undertaken and recorded without reducing the back-slab's effectiveness as a splint.
|
['Acute Disease', 'Clinical Competence', 'Foot', 'Humans', 'Nursing Diagnosis', 'Palpation', 'Tibial Fractures']
| 27,236,718
|
[['C23.550.291.125'], ['I02.399.630.210', 'N04.761.210', 'N05.715.175'], ['A01.378.610.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N04.590.233.508.480.110'], ['E01.370.600.600'], ['C26.404.875', 'C26.558.857']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Grief resolution among the bereaved in hospice and hospital wards.
|
As a study of grief resolution, 71 surviving spouses of patients who had died in a hospice or a hospital acute care oncology ward were interviewed in their homes 6 and 12 months following the death of their mate. It was hypothesized that hospice survivors would score significantly lower on measures of depression and anxiety, would be more involved socially, would be more involved in constructive social action, and would be less likely to use tranquilizers than hospital survivors. At 6 months there is only partial support for the hypotheses. At 12 months there is strong support for the hypotheses. Interpretations of these findings and comparisons with similar studies are discussed.
|
['Acute Disease', 'Anxiety', 'Depression', 'Female', 'Grief', 'Hospices', 'Hospital Units', 'Humans', 'Interpersonal Relations', 'Interviews as Topic', 'Longitudinal Studies', 'Male', 'Neoplasms']
| 2,024,139
|
[['C23.550.291.125'], ['F01.470.132'], ['F01.145.126.350'], ['F01.470.142.110'], ['N02.278.421.556.185', 'N02.421.143.550'], ['N02.278.388'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.829.401'], ['E05.318.308.420', 'L01.399.250.520', 'N05.715.360.300.400', 'N06.850.520.308.420'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.500'], ['C04']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
The Autophagy Receptor TAX1BP1 and the Molecular Motor Myosin VI Are Required for Clearance of Salmonella Typhimurium by Autophagy.
|
Autophagy plays a key role during Salmonella infection, by eliminating these pathogens following escape into the cytosol. In this process, selective autophagy receptors, including the myosin VI adaptor proteins optineurin and NDP52, have been shown to recognize cytosolic pathogens. Here, we demonstrate that myosin VI and TAX1BP1 are recruited to ubiquitylated Salmonella and play a key role in xenophagy. The absence of TAX1BP1 causes an accumulation of ubiquitin-positive Salmonella, whereas loss of myosin VI leads to an increase in ubiquitylated and LC3-positive bacteria. Our structural studies demonstrate that the ubiquitin-binding site of TAX1BP1 overlaps with the myosin VI binding site and point mutations in the TAX1BP1 zinc finger domains that affect ubiquitin binding also ablate binding to myosin VI. This mutually exclusive binding and the association of TAX1BP1 with LC3 on the outer limiting membrane of autophagosomes may suggest a molecular mechanism for recruitment of this motor to autophagosomes. The predominant role of TAX1BP1, a paralogue of NDP52, in xenophagy is supported by our evolutionary analysis, which demonstrates that functionally intact NDP52 is missing in Xenopus and mice, whereas TAX1BP1 is expressed in all vertebrates analysed. In summary, this work highlights the importance of TAX1BP1 as a novel autophagy receptor in myosin VI-mediated xenophagy. Our study identifies essential new machinery for the autophagy-dependent clearance of Salmonella typhimurium and suggests modulation of myosin VI motor activity as a potential therapeutic target in cellular immunity.
|
['Animals', 'Autophagy', 'Blotting, Western', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Gene Knockdown Techniques', 'HeLa Cells', 'Humans', 'Immunoprecipitation', 'Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins', 'Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy', 'Mice', 'Microscopy, Fluorescence', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Myosin Heavy Chains', 'Neoplasm Proteins', 'Phylogeny', 'Protein Conformation', 'Salmonella Infections', 'Salmonella typhimurium', 'Ubiquitination']
| 26,451,915
|
[['B01.050'], ['G04.011'], ['E05.196.401.143', 'E05.301.300.096', 'E05.478.566.320.200', 'E05.601.262', 'E05.601.470.320.200'], ['A11.251'], ['E05.393.335.500'], ['A11.251.210.190.400', 'A11.251.860.180.400', 'A11.436.340'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.196.150.639', 'E05.478.605'], ['D12.644.360', 'D12.776.476'], ['E05.196.867.519'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['E01.370.350.515.458', 'E05.595.458'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['D05.750.078.730.475.100', 'D08.811.277.040.025.193.750.249', 'D12.776.210.500.600.100', 'D12.776.220.525.475.100'], ['D12.776.624'], ['G05.697', 'G16.075.605', 'L01.100.697'], ['G02.111.570.820.709'], ['C01.150.252.400.310.821'], ['B03.440.450.425.800.200.825', 'B03.660.250.150.710.160.760'], ['G02.111.660.871.790.600.925', 'G02.111.691.600.775', 'G03.734.871.790.600.831', 'G05.308.670.600.831']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Retrospective analyses of postoperative survival of laryngeal carcinoma patients at late stage].
|
OBJECTIVE: To compare the postoperative survival rate of laryngeal carcinoma patient at stage III or IV whom accepted partial laryngectomy and total laryngectomy.METHOD: We performed a retrospective cohort follow-up study of 126 patients of stage III or IV who underwent operation for laryngeal carcinoma in Chinese PLA General Hospital between January, 2005 and December, 2009. Survival rates were calculated by product-limit method.RESULT: There were 80 patients at stage III and 46 patient at stage IV. Sixty five patients underwent partial laryngectomy and 61 patients underwent total laryngectomy. There were 24 patients in whole group died in the 5 years, 15 of them underwent partial and 9 accepted total laryngectomy. The 5-years survival rate of partial and total group were 62.58% and 68.74% respectively. The survival curve of both groups had no significant difference (P < 0.05).CONCLUSION: For laryngeal carcinoma patients at later stage, with suitable operative indication, the partial laryngectomy could achieve an acceptable effect as well as total laryngectomy.
|
['Carcinoma, Squamous Cell', 'Humans', 'Laryngeal Neoplasms', 'Laryngectomy', 'Neoplasm Staging', 'Postoperative Period', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Survival Rate', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 24,364,114
|
[['C04.557.470.200.400', 'C04.557.470.700.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.588.443.665.481', 'C08.360.369', 'C08.785.481', 'C09.400.369', 'C09.647.481'], ['E04.580.369'], ['E01.789.625'], ['E04.614.750', 'N02.421.585.753.750'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.900', 'N01.224.935.698.826', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.900', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.900'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Genome research: fulfilling the public's expectations for knowledge and commercialization.
|
This article provides a historical perspective for the patenting of gene sequences and describes the fundamentals and evolution of patent law. It summarizes federal technology transfer law and policy and assesses the impacts of patenting on academic research. The patentability of gene sequences is then considered along with potential impacts that published sequence data may have on obtaining patent protection for downstream products. Industry's position on gene patenting is summarized and perspectives from the emerging public record on these issues are presented. The article discussing points at which the filing of patent applications and the licensing of patents may be appropriate. It concludes that technology transfer policies for genome research must be adopted carefully so that they remain viable in a time of rapid technological change.
|
['Animals', 'Base Sequence', 'Biomedical Research', 'Biotechnology', 'DNA', 'Federal Government', 'Genome', 'Genome, Human', 'Government Regulation', 'Humans', 'Hybridomas', 'Information Dissemination', 'Patents as Topic', 'Research', 'United States']
| 1,502,557
|
[['B01.050'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['H01.770.644.145'], ['H01.158.550', 'J01.897.120'], ['D13.444.308'], ['I01.409.137', 'I01.409.418.625', 'N03.540.348.500', 'N03.540.400.750'], ['G05.360.340'], ['G05.360.340.350'], ['I01.880.604.394', 'N03.706.358'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A11.251.353.485', 'A11.251.600.485'], ['L01.143.443'], ['I01.880.604.583.458.650', 'N03.706.535.518.650'], ['H01.770.644'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Peripheral neuropathy: a complication of systemic sclerosis.
|
We performed bedside testing for peripheral neuropathy in our systemic sclerosis (SSc) population to determine whether foot care guidelines should be developed for SSc. Twenty consecutive SSc patients and 20 healthy control (HC) patients were evaluated for peripheral neuropathy in both feet using the 10-g Semmes-Weinstein monofilament examination (SWME) and 128 Hz vibration sensation using the on-off method. Independent, blinded, vibratory sensation, and SWME evaluations were performed on each subject by two investigators who had completed a training session to standardize each exam. An additional consecutive 20 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) were examined by a diabetologist to compare with peripheral neuropathy prevalence in SSc patients. We examined the inter-rater variability using Cohen's kappa. We compared SWME and vibratory sensation in SSc to HC using Fisher's exact. The t test was used to compare duration of disease and modified Rodnan skin score (mRSS) for those with abnormal SWME or vibratory sensation. Two of 20 SSc patients reported sensory foot symptoms consistent with peripheral neuropathy prior to the examination. Inter-rater agreement for both SWME and vibratory sensation was strong (kappa: 0.72 and 0.83, respectively). Two HC and 12 SSc patients demonstrated abnormal vibratory sense (one-sided Fishers' exact, p < 0.002). No HC and four SSc patients had abnormal monofilament exams (one-sided Fisher's exact, p = 0.053). Neither mRSS (p = 0.28) nor duration of non-Raynauds (p = 0.07) symptoms differed between those with peripheral neuropathy and those without. Duration of Raynaud's symptoms were clinically significantly associated with presence of peripheral neuropathy (p = 0.04). The prevalence of sensory loss to monofilament in SSc was identical to DM patients (4/20). SSc patients have a considerable prevalence of pedal peripheral neuropathy as detected by loss of vibratory sensation or inability to sense the 10-g SWME. Further studies are indicated to determine if routine screening for neuropathy and subsequent podiatric care for SSc patients with abnormalities can reduce pedal complications.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Mass Screening', 'Middle Aged', 'Observer Variation', 'Peripheral Nervous System Diseases', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Risk Factors', 'Scleroderma, Systemic', 'Ulcer', 'Vibration']
| 23,404,236
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C18.452.394.750.149', 'C19.246.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.500', 'E05.318.308.980.438.580', 'N02.421.726.233.443', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.580', 'N06.850.780.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.354.753', 'N02.421.450.600', 'N05.715.350.150.675', 'N06.850.490.500.250'], ['C10.668.829'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['C17.300.799', 'C17.800.784'], ['C23.550.891'], ['G01.374.930']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Dogs infected with the blood trypomastigote form of Trypanosoma cruzi display an increase expression of cytokines and chemokines plus an intense cardiac parasitism during acute infection.
|
The recent increase in immigration of people from areas endemic for Chagas disease (Trypanosoma cruzi) to the United States and Europe has raised concerns about the transmission via blood transfusion and organ transplants in these countries. Infection by these pathways occurs through blood trypomastigotes (BT), and these forms of T. cruzi are completely distinct of metacyclic trypomastigotes (MT), released by triatomine vector, in relation to parasite-host interaction. Thus, research comparing infection with these different infective forms is important for explaining the potential impacts on the disease course. Here, we investigated tissue parasitism and relative mRNA expression of cytokines, chemokines, and chemokine receptors in the heart during acute infection by MT or BT forms in dogs. BT-infected dogs presented a higher cardiac parasitism, increased relative mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory and immunomodulatory cytokines and of the chemokines CCL3/MIP-1á, CCL5/RANTES, and the chemokine receptor CCR5 during the acute phase of infection, as compared to MT-infected dogs. These results suggest that infection with BT forms may lead to an increased immune response, as revealed by the cytokines ratio, but this kind of immune response was not able to control the cardiac parasitism. Infection with the MT form presented an increase in the relative mRNA expression of IL-12p40 as compared to that of IL-10 or TGF-â1. Correlation analysis showed increased relative mRNA expression of IFN-ã as well as IL-10, which may be an immunomodulatory response, as well as an increase in the correlation of CCL5/RANTES and its CCR5 receptor. Our findings revealed a difference between inoculum sources of T. cruzi, as vectorial or transfusional routes of T. cruzi infection may trigger distinct parasite-host interactions during the acute phase, which may influence immunopathological aspects of Chagas disease.
|
['Animals', 'Chagas Disease', 'Chemokine CCL3', 'Chemokine CCL5', 'Cytokines', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Dogs', 'Female', 'Heart', 'Host-Parasite Interactions', 'Interferon-gamma', 'Interleukin-10', 'Interleukin-12 Subunit p40', 'Male', 'Myocardium', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Receptors, CCR5', 'Transforming Growth Factor beta', 'Trypanosoma cruzi']
| 24,317,279
|
[['B01.050'], ['C01.610.752.300.900.200', 'C01.920.625'], ['D12.644.276.374.200.110.150', 'D12.644.276.374.200.600.150', 'D12.776.467.374.200.110.150', 'D12.776.467.374.200.600.150', 'D23.125.300.110.150', 'D23.125.300.600.500', 'D23.469.200.110.150', 'D23.469.200.600.150', 'D23.529.374.200.110.150', 'D23.529.374.200.600.150'], ['D12.644.276.374.200.110.250', 'D12.776.467.374.200.110.250', 'D23.125.300.110.250', 'D23.469.200.110.250', 'D23.529.374.200.110.250'], ['D12.644.276.374', 'D12.776.467.374', 'D23.529.374'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.250.216.200'], ['A07.541'], ['G16.527.200.400'], ['D12.644.276.374.440.893', 'D12.644.276.374.480.615.350', 'D12.776.467.374.440.893', 'D12.776.467.374.480.615.350', 'D23.529.374.440.893', 'D23.529.374.480.615.350'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.510', 'D12.776.467.374.465.510', 'D23.529.374.465.510'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.512.500', 'D12.644.276.374.465.759.249', 'D12.776.467.374.465.512.500', 'D12.776.467.374.465.759.249', 'D23.529.374.465.512.500', 'D23.529.374.465.550.249'], ['A02.633.580', 'A07.541.704', 'A10.690.552.750'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.160.150.500', 'D12.776.543.750.705.852.125.150.500', 'D12.776.543.750.830.700.605'], ['D12.644.276.374.687', 'D12.644.276.954.775', 'D12.776.467.374.687', 'D12.776.467.942.775', 'D23.529.374.687', 'D23.529.942.775'], ['B01.268.475.868.887.140']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Workplace violence against resident doctors in a tertiary care hospital in Delhi.
|
BACKGROUND: Healthcare workers particularly doctors are at high risk of being victims of verbal and physical violence perpetrated by patients or their relatives. There is a paucity of studies on work-related violence against doctors in India. We aimed to assess the exposure of workplace violence among doctors, its consequences among those who experienced it and its perceived risk factors.METHODS: This study was done among doctors working in a tertiary care hospital in Delhi. Data were collected by using a self-administered questionnaire containing items for assessment of workplace violence against doctors, its consequences among those who were assaulted, reporting mechanisms and perceived risk factors.RESULTS: Of the 169 respondents, 104 (61.4%) were men. The mean (SD) age of the study group was 28.6 (4.2) years. Sixty-nine doctors (40.8%) reported being exposed to violence at their workplace in the past 12 months. However, there was no gender-wise difference in the exposure to violence (p=0.86). The point of delivery of emergency services was reported as the most common place for experiencing violence. Verbal abuse was the most common form of violence reported (n=52; 75.4%). Anger, frustration and irritability were the most common symptoms experienced by the doctors who were subjected to violence at the workplace. Only 44.2% of doctors reported the event to the authorities. 'Poor communication skills' was considered to be the most common physician factor responsible for workplace violence against doctors.CONCLUSIONS: A large proportion of doctors are victims of violence by their patients or relatives. Violence is being under-reported. There is a need to encourage reporting of violence and prepare healthcare facilities to tackle this emerging issue for the safety of physicians.
|
['Adult', 'Communication', 'Emergency Service, Hospital', 'Female', 'Humans', 'India', 'Internship and Residency', 'Male', 'Physician-Patient Relations', 'Physicians', 'Prevalence', 'Risk Factors', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Tertiary Care Centers', 'Workplace Violence']
| 28,327,484
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['F01.145.209', 'L01.143'], ['N02.278.216.500.968.336', 'N02.421.297.195', 'N04.452.442.452.422.336'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.252.245.393'], ['I02.358.337.350.500', 'I02.358.399.350.750'], ['F01.829.401.650.675', 'N05.300.660.625'], ['M01.526.485.810', 'N02.360.810'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['N02.278.421.830'], ['I01.198.240.856.912', 'I01.880.735.900.912']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Changes in shape, ossification and quality of bones in children with spina bifida.
|
Changes in the cross-sectional shape, size, bone mass and amount of unmineralised osteoid tissue were studied in 17 dissected tibiae from spina-bifida babies who died with paralysis and foot deformities and in 14 tibiae from non-spina bifida controls of matching age. In addition, 12 tibiae from young experimental rats with myotomy of foot dorsiflexors and foot plantiflexors were double-labelled with bone-seeking markers and studied in order to find the role of experimental muscle imbalance in the dynamic remodelling of the developing long bones. It was found that in tibiae from spina-bifida children with paralysis the total area of cortical bone, its thickness, number of Haversian systems and number of large remodelling cavities are diminished. Significant changes in the cross-sectional shape of the midshaft of the tibia were found, ranging from the triangular shape seen in normal babies and in those with spina bifida and calcaneus-type foot deformity, to the circular shape of tibiae from babies with spina-bifida paralysis and no foot deformity or with spina bifida and equinovarus-type of deformity. Results of experimental myotomy on growing rats showed the direct influence of working muscles on the remodelling process of growing tibiae. On the side of myotomy the flat cortex resumed a bulging convex shape and the centre of gravity shifted towards the myotomised side. These principles cannot on their own explain the specific changes in the shape of human tibiae found during anatomical studies. There is, however, a common denominator in these apparently contradictory findings. This is the combined action of two factors previously reported: the combination of paralysis of the growing limb and mechanical intra-uterine pressure acting on it. The findings in the present study also indicate that they played a major role in the production of deformities. The total amount of osteoid tissue in spina-bifida paralysed bone is increased. This delay of mineralisation of newly laid-down bone matrix would lead to softening of the new bone matrix and osteoid-rich subepiphyseal and metaphyseal regions. This 'paralytic rickets', together with the diminished total bone mass found, could probably be the cause of the common spina-bifida fractures in these regions.
|
['Animals', 'Animals, Newborn', 'Female', 'Fibula', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Male', 'Muscles', 'Ossification, Heterotopic', 'Rats', 'Spinal Dysraphism', 'Tibia']
| 828,114
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.050.282'], ['A02.835.232.043.650.321'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['A02.633', 'A10.690'], ['C23.550.751'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['C10.500.680.800', 'C16.131.666.680.800'], ['A02.835.232.043.650.883']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Environmental and social factors in rheumatoid factor epidemiology.
|
The effect of social and environmental conditions on the epidemiology of Rheumatoid Factor (RF) in healthy population was studied. For this purpose 2 sample of 828 subject was studied using 5 tests for RF. Our sample included: 419 randomized subjects from a quarter at the outskirts of Bologna (high rate immigration, non homogeneous habits and health background; 409 randomized subjects from one rural small town on the Romagna's hills (no immigration, no change in residence or profession for generations, uniform, habits and health background). These tests included: three on slide with binded human (2) and rabbit (1) IgGs and sheep-cells tests-one on slide (Scat) and the other in tube (W.-Rose by Mizuoka). The most frequent positive test was Scat test, in urban population and one human IgG latex-test in the rural population. No urban subject reacted at the same time to 4 or 5 tests. Associated positive results for 2, 3 or 4 tests are usually observed in rural subjects. These results are the expression of the different and more uniform social and biological background acquired by rural people.
|
['Adult', 'Agglutination Tests', 'Environment', 'Epidemiologic Methods', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Italy', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Reference Values', 'Rheumatoid Factor', 'Rural Population', 'Socioeconomic Factors', 'Urban Population']
| 3,238,354
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E01.370.225.812.735.050', 'E05.200.812.735.050', 'E05.478.594.760.050'], ['G16.500.275', 'N06.230'], ['E05.318', 'N06.850.520'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.542.489'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.978.810'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.323.732', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.323.732', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.323.732'], ['N01.600.725'], ['I01.880.853.996', 'N01.824'], ['N01.600.900']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
[Activity of oxidative enzymes of the tricarboxylic acid cycle in the liver of rats during hypokinesia].
|
The activity of oxidative enzymes of the Krebs cycle was examined in white rats during hypokinesia. On hypokinesia day 7 the cytosol activity of NAD-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICDH) increased and that of malic-enzyme decreased. On hypokinesia days 30 and 45 the activity of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (alpha-KGDH) decreased, that of cytoplasmatic malate dehydrogenases (MDH) slightly increased, and that of NADP ICDH declined. On hypokinesia day 60 the total activity of mitochondrial dehydrogenases reduced due to a low protein content of the mitochondrial fraction, whereas the specific activity either remained unchanged (ICDH, NAD MDH, alpha-KGDH) or increased (SDH, NADP MDH). On recovery day 25 only the activity of mitochondrial NAD-dependent malate and isocitrate dehydrogenases returned to normal.
|
['Animals', 'Citric Acid Cycle', 'Cytosol', 'Isocitrate Dehydrogenase', 'Ketoglutarate Dehydrogenase Complex', 'Liver', 'Malate Dehydrogenase', 'Male', 'Mitochondria, Liver', 'Rats', 'Restraint, Physical', 'Succinate Dehydrogenase']
| 6,843,075
|
[['B01.050'], ['G02.111.165', 'G03.295.342', 'G03.493.170'], ['A11.284.430.214.200', 'A11.284.430.429.200', 'A11.284.835.450.200'], ['D08.811.682.047.820.475'], ['D05.500.562.468', 'D08.811.600.465', 'D08.811.682.657.350.750'], ['A03.620'], ['D08.811.682.047.820.496'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.564.461', 'A11.284.835.626.461'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['E02.085.700', 'E05.472.760'], ['D05.500.562.750.249.500', 'D08.811.600.250.500.750.500', 'D08.811.600.250.875.249.500', 'D08.811.682.660.385.500', 'D08.811.682.830.249.500', 'D12.776.157.427.374.375.909.500', 'D12.776.331.199.750.500', 'D12.776.543.277.500.750.500', 'D12.776.543.277.875.249.500', 'D12.776.556.579.374.375.141.500']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Attraction of position preference by spatial attention throughout human visual cortex.
|
Voluntary spatial attention concentrates neural resources at the attended location. Here, we examined the effects of spatial attention on spatial position selectivity in humans. We measured population receptive fields (pRFs) using high-field functional MRI (fMRI) (7T) while subjects performed an attention-demanding task at different locations. We show that spatial attention attracts pRF preferred positions across the entire visual field, not just at the attended location. This global change in pRF preferred positions systematically increases up the visual hierarchy. We model these pRF preferred position changes as an interaction between two components: an attention field and a pRF without the influence of attention. This computational model suggests that increasing effects of attention up the hierarchy result primarily from differences in pRF size and that the attention field is similar across the visual hierarchy. A similar attention field suggests that spatial attention transforms different neural response selectivities throughout the visual hierarchy in a similar manner.
|
['Adult', 'Attention', 'Eye Movements', 'Humans', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Motion Perception', 'Photic Stimulation', 'Psychomotor Performance', 'Space Perception', 'Visual Cortex', 'Young Adult']
| 25,242,220
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['F02.830.104.214'], ['G11.427.410.140', 'G14.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['F02.463.593.932.567'], ['E05.723.729'], ['F02.808', 'G11.427.700', 'G11.561.660'], ['F02.463.593.778'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.571.735', 'A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.814.953'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Vestibular malformation in mice lacking Na-K-2Cl cotransporter 1 and expression of Na-K-2Cl cotransporter 1 in human vestibular end organs.
|
CONCLUSION: The Na-K-2Cl cotransporter-1 (NKCCl) may be essential for the maintenance and functioning of the vestibular morphology in mice and it is strongly expressed in human vestibular end organs.OBJECTIVE: NKCCl is a member of the cation-coupled chloride transporter which participates in salt transport and cell volume regulation in diverse tissues. NKCCl-deficient mice exhibit deafness, and show structural alterations in the cochlea. In addition to hearing loss, NKCCl-deficient mice show a shaker-waltzer behavior, which suggests a vestibular system defect. In this study we investigated the morphology of the vestibular system of NKCCl-deficient mice and also evaluated whether NKCCl mRNA and its protein are expressed in human vestibular end organs.MATERIAL AND METHODS: NKCCl-deficient and wild-type mice aged 4-5 weeks were sacrificed. Their heads were cut in the midsagittal plane, fixed and decalcified. For light microscopy, 5-microm sections were cut and stained with hematoxylin-eosin. Human vestibular end organs were harvested during acoustic tumor surgery via a translabyrinthine approach. Some of these end organs were used for total mRNA extraction and the remainder for immunostaining. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and immunostaining were performed for NKCCl.RESULTS: The scala media of the cochleae of the NKCCl-deficient mice had collapsed but the bony labyrinth appeared unaffected. However, the semicircular canals (SCCs) were much smaller than those in the wild-type mice. Furthermore, the SCCs were completely missing in some NKCCl-deficient mice. NKCCl mRNA was expressed in both the human macula and crista ampullaris, and its protein was expressed mainly in the transitional and dark cell areas of the human crista ampullaris.
|
['Animals', 'Biopsy, Needle', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Humans', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Ion Transport', 'Membrane Transport Proteins', 'Mice', 'Mice, Knockout', 'Models, Animal', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Sodium-Potassium-Chloride Symporters', 'Species Specificity', 'Vestibule, Labyrinth']
| 16,303,670
|
[['B01.050'], ['E01.370.225.500.384.100.119', 'E01.370.225.998.054.119', 'E01.370.388.100.100', 'E04.074.119', 'E04.665.100', 'E05.200.500.384.100.119', 'E05.200.998.054.119', 'E05.242.384.100.119'], ['G05.308'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['G03.143.500'], ['D12.776.157.530', 'D12.776.543.585'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.136.500.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.455', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800.500'], ['E05.598'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['E05.393.620.500.725'], ['D12.776.157.530.450.625.750', 'D12.776.157.530.937.750', 'D12.776.543.585.450.625.750', 'D12.776.543.585.937.875'], ['G16.824'], ['A09.246.300.909']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Cyanidin ameliorates the progression of osteoarthritis via the Sirt6/NF-êB axis in vitro and in vivo.
|
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent form of human arthritis which is characterized by the degradation of cartilage and inflammation. As a rare Sirt6 activator, cyanidin is the major component of anthocyanins commonly found in the Mediterranean diet, and increasing evidence has shown that cyanidin exhibits anti-inflammatory effects in a variety of diseases. However, the anti-inflammatory effects of cyanidin on OA have not been reported. In the present study, we identified that cyanidin treatment could strongly suppress the expression of NO, PGE2, TNF-á, IL-6, iNOs, COX-2, ADAMTS5 and MMP13, and reduce the degradation of aggrecan and collagen II in IL-1â-induced human OA chondrocytes, indicating the anti-inflammatory effect of cyanidin. Further investigation of the mechanism involved revealed that cyanidin could upregulate the Sirt6 level in a dose-dependent manner and Sirt6 silencing abolished the effect of cyanidin in IL-1â-stimulated human OA chondrocytes, indicating a stimulatory effect of cyanidin on Sirt6 activation. Meanwhile, we found that cyanidin could inhibit the NF-êB pathway in IL-1â-stimulated human OA chondrocytes and its effect may to some extent depend on Sirt6 activation, suggesting that cyanidin may exert a protective effect through regulating the Sirt6/NF-êB signaling axis. Moreover, the in vivo study also proved that cyanidin ameliorated the development of OA in surgical destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM) mouse OA models. In conclusion, these results demonstrate that cyanidin may have therapeutic potential for the treatment of OA.
|
['Animals', 'Anthocyanins', 'Anti-Inflammatory Agents', 'Chondrocytes', 'Cyclooxygenase 2', 'Humans', 'Interleukin-1beta', 'Interleukin-6', 'Male', 'Matrix Metalloproteinase 13', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'NF-kappa B', 'Osteoarthritis', 'Sirtuins']
| 31,464,310
|
[['B01.050'], ['D03.383.663.283.266.450.087', 'D03.633.100.150.266.450.087', 'D09.408.084', 'D23.767.124'], ['D27.505.954.158'], ['A11.329.171'], ['D08.811.600.720.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.010.600', 'D12.644.276.374.500.400.600', 'D12.776.467.374.465.010.600', 'D12.776.467.374.500.400.600', 'D23.529.374.465.131.600', 'D23.529.374.500.400.600'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.224', 'D12.776.467.374.465.202', 'D23.529.374.465.224'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.480.205.363', 'D08.811.277.656.300.480.525.700.550', 'D08.811.277.656.675.374.205.363', 'D08.811.277.656.675.374.525.700.550', 'D12.644.276.848.550', 'D12.776.467.836.550'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['D05.500.672', 'D12.776.260.600', 'D12.776.660.600', 'D12.776.930.600'], ['C05.550.114.606', 'C05.799.613'], ['D08.811.277.087.520.200.650', 'D08.811.913.400.725.115.961', 'D12.776.476.900']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Acute effect of cigarette smoke and nicotine on airway blood flow and airflow in healthy smokers.
|
Cigarette smoke contains irritants and vasoactive substances. We wanted to determine the effect of smoking a cigarette and of nasally or orally inhaled nicotine on airway blood flow (Q(aw)) and airflow in smokers. In ten healthy current smokers, Q(aw), FEV(1), and FEF(25-75) were measured before and at 5, 30, and 180 min after smoking a cigarette. The effects of systemic nicotine using a nicotine nasal spray and local nicotine using a nicotine inhaler were also studied. Mean (+/- SE) Q(aw) increased by 81% +/- 16% (p = 0.03) 5 min after smoking a cigarette and was no longer different from baseline at 30 and 180 min. Nicotine nasal spray and nicotine oral inhaler had no effect on Q(aw.) FEV(1) and FEF(25-75) remained unchanged after smoking a cigarette and after local or systemic nicotine administration. Smoking a cigarette is followed by a transient increase in airway blood flow but no changes in airflow. Nicotine, at the rate and dose provided by the nasal spray (systemic action) and oral inhaler (local and systemic action), does not appear to be involved in the Q(aw) change, suggesting a pharmacologic or nonspecific irritant effect of other cigarette smoke constituents.
|
['Adult', 'Blood Pressure', 'Female', 'Heart Rate', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Nicotine', 'Regional Blood Flow', 'Respiratory System', 'Smoke', 'Smoking', 'Spirometry', 'Vasodilation']
| 17,111,093
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E01.370.600.875.249', 'G09.330.380.076'], ['E01.370.600.875.500', 'G09.330.380.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D03.132.760.570', 'D03.383.725.518'], ['G09.330.100.780'], ['A04'], ['D20.633.937'], ['F01.145.805'], ['E01.370.386.700.750'], ['G09.330.380.928']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Rectal sensory evoked potentials: an assessment of their clinical value.
|
To assess abnormalities of sensory conduction in anorectal disease we have evaluated peripheral sensory perception and somatosensory evoked potentials produced by rectal stimulation in control subjects and patients with either constipation or idiopathic faecal incontinence. Evoked potentials were also recorded after posterior tibial and dorsal genital nerve stimulation. Rectal sensation was also assessed using electrical stimulation. Reproducible evoked potential recordings after anorectal stimulation were possible in only a minority of subjects and when recorded showed intersubject and intrasubject variation. In the constipated group there was a significant difference in rectal electrical sensation (P < 0.05) from controls. We conclude that peripheral sensory testing demonstrates an abnormality in severe constipation. However, cerebral evoked potentials cannot be reliably recorded after rectal stimulation, and when recorded the latencies are of too broad a range to discriminate between health and disease. This probably relates to the difference between somatic and visceral pathways.
|
['Adult', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Constipation', 'Electric Stimulation', 'Evoked Potentials, Somatosensory', 'Fecal Incontinence', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Rectum', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Sensation', 'Sensory Thresholds']
| 8,492,039
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['C23.888.821.150'], ['E05.723.402'], ['G07.265.216.500.400', 'G11.561.200.500.400'], ['C06.405.469.860.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A03.556.124.526.767', 'A03.556.249.249.767'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['F02.830.816', 'G11.561.790'], ['F02.463.593.710']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Comparative evaluation of three selective media and a nonselective medium for the culture of Helicobacter pylori from gastric biopsies.
|
Plating on solid media is the standard technique used in most laboratories for the isolation of Helicobacter pylori from gastric biopsies. Recently, various selective media were developed for this purpose. We compared and evaluated three selective media, Skirrow's, Dent's CP, and modified Glupczynski's Brussels campylobacter charcoal media, and chocolate agar medium for the isolation of H. pylori. Gastric biopsies taken from a total of 203 patients were plated in parallel on all four media. An isolation rate of 51% (104 of 203) was obtained with a combination of all four media. Of the 104, 92 (88%) were positive with Dent's medium and with modified Glupczynski's medium. Skirrow's medium gave the highest isolation rate, 96% (100 of 104). However, growth of H. pylori was scant (only one to five colonies) when growth occurred on Skirrow's medium alone. Overall, modified Glupczynski's medium provided significantly heavier growth. Chocolate agar medium yielded a 76% (79 of 104) positivity rate. We recommend the use of a combination of two selective media for the maximum recovery of H. pylori from antral biopsies.
|
['Bacteriological Techniques', 'Biopsy', 'Culture Media', 'Evaluation Studies as Topic', 'Helicobacter pylori', 'Humans', 'Pyloric Antrum']
| 1,774,265
|
[['E01.370.225.875.150', 'E05.200.875.150'], ['E01.370.225.500.384.100', 'E01.370.225.998.054', 'E01.370.388.100', 'E04.074', 'E05.200.500.384.100', 'E05.200.998.054', 'E05.242.384.100'], ['D27.720.470.305', 'E07.206'], ['E05.337', 'N05.715.360.335'], ['B03.440.500.550', 'B03.660.150.235.500.250.550'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A03.556.875.875.716']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Requirement for diacylglycerol and protein kinase C in HeLa cell-substratum adhesion and their feedback amplification of arachidonic acid production for optimum cell spreading.
|
Release of arachidonic acid (AA) and subsequent formation of a lipoxygenase (LOX) metabolite(s) is an obligatory signal to induce spreading of HeLa cells on a gelatin substratum (Chun and Jacobson, 1992). This study characterizes signaling pathways that follow the LOX metabolite(s) formation. Levels of diacylglycerol (DG) increase upon attachment and before cell spreading on a gelatin substratum. DG production and cell spreading are insignificant when phospholipase A2 (PLA2) or LOX is blocked. In contrast, when cells in suspension where PLA2 activity is not stimulated are treated with exogenous AA, DG production is turned on, and inhibition of LOX turns it off. This indicates that the formation of a LOX metabolite(s) from AA released during cell attachment induces the production of DG. Consistent with the DG production is the activation of protein kinase C (PKC) which, as with AA and DG, occurs upon attachment and before cell spreading. Inhibition of AA release and subsequent DG production blocks both PKC activation and cell spreading. Cell spreading is also blocked by the inhibition of PKC with calphostin C or sphingosine. The inhibition of cell spreading induced by blocking AA release is reversed by the direct activation of PKC with phorbol ester. However, the inhibition of cell spreading induced by PKC inhibition is not reversed by exogenously applied AA. In addition, inhibition of PKC does not block AA release and DG production. The data indicate that there is a sequence of events triggered by HeLa cell attachment to a gelatin substratum that leads to the initiation of cell spreading: AA release, a LOX metabolite(s) formation, DG production, and PKC activation. The data also provide evidence indicating that HeLa cell spreading is a cyclic feedback amplification process centered on the production of AA, which is the first messenger produced in the sequence of messengers initiating cell spreading. Both DG and PKC activity that are increased during HeLa cell attachment to a gelatin substratum appear to be involved. DG not only activates PKC, which is essential for cell spreading, but is also hydrolyzed to AA. PKC, which is initially activated as consequence of AA production, also increases more AA production by activating PLA2.
|
['Arachidonic Acid', 'Cell Adhesion', 'Diglycerides', 'Enzyme Activation', 'Feedback', 'HeLa Cells', 'Humans', 'Hydrolysis', 'Lipoxygenase', 'Phospholipases A', 'Phospholipases A2', 'Protein Kinase C']
| 8,485,318
|
[['D10.251.355.255.100.100', 'D10.251.355.310.166.100'], ['G04.022'], ['D10.351.303'], ['G02.111.263', 'G03.328'], ['L01.906.394.211'], ['A11.251.210.190.400', 'A11.251.860.180.400', 'A11.436.340'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G02.380'], ['D08.811.682.690.416.583.625', 'D12.776.556.579.374.568.750'], ['D08.811.277.352.100.680.750'], ['D08.811.277.352.100.680.750.937'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.725']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[The value of electroencephalography monitoring and analysis during anesthesia].
|
Electroencephalography (EEG) records brain electrical activity at the scalp level. As a functional and non invasive witness of brain activity, EEG has long raised the interest of researchers and practitioners, notably in the domain of anesthesia. Thanks to technical advances, this complex signal can now be dissected, and a huge amount of information can be extracted from it. This information gives the opportunity to quantify theeffects of general anesthesia on the brain, and provides a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms.
|
['Anesthesia', 'Electroencephalography', 'Humans', 'Intraoperative Neurophysiological Monitoring']
| 25,796,795
|
[['E03.155'], ['E01.370.376.300', 'E01.370.405.245'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.520.510.500', 'E01.370.520.596.500', 'E04.510.500']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Influence of loach egg- and embryo-extract on the activity of lactate dehydrogenase in the presence of insulin].
|
Studies of the pig muscle lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity were permormed after incubating the enzyme solution with extracts of loach (Misgurnus fossilis) eggs and embryos, which were subjected to the influence of insulin hydrocortisone as well as to insulin combination with actinomycin D, cycloheximide or puromycin. The insulin alone is established to decrease the inactivating ability of the investigated extracts on the lactate dehydrogenase activity, when antibiotics removed to a considerable extent the influence of hormone. In the eggs and embryos there are proteins activating and stabilizing the LDH molecule. The level of LDH activation under the influence of the eggs and embryos extracts subjected to the insulin action was decreased. The addition of hydrocortisone to the medium for the incubation of eggs and embryos does not affect significantly the LDH-inactivating ability of their extracts.
|
['Animals', 'Cycloheximide', 'Dactinomycin', 'Enzyme Activation', 'Female', 'Fishes', 'Hydrocortisone', 'Insulin', 'L-Lactate Dehydrogenase', 'Muscles', 'Ovum', 'Puromycin', 'Swine', 'Tissue Extracts']
| 571,156
|
[['B01.050'], ['D03.383.621.808.240'], ['D03.633.300.200', 'D04.345.566.252', 'D12.644.641.252'], ['G02.111.263', 'G03.328'], ['B01.050.150.900.493'], ['D04.210.500.745.745.654.600', 'D06.472.040.585.353.476', 'D06.472.040.585.478.392'], ['D06.472.699.587.200.500.625', 'D12.644.548.586.200.500.625'], ['D08.811.682.047.551.400', 'D08.811.682.047.820.493'], ['A02.633', 'A10.690'], ['A05.360.490.690', 'A11.497.497', 'A16.690'], ['D02.241.223.200.380', 'D03.633.100.759.590.138.711', 'D09.408.051.788', 'D13.570.583.138.711'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.880'], ['D20.777']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Anti-allergic activity of emodin on IgE-mediated activation in RBL-2H3 cells.
|
BACKGROUND: EMODIN (1,3,8-trihydroxy-6-methylanthraquinone) is a Chinese herbal anthraquinone derivative from the rhizome of rhubarb (Rheum palmatum L.) that exhibits numerous biological activities, such as antitumor, antibacterial, antiinflammatory, and immunosuppressive. In the present studies, the anti-allergic activities of emodin were investigated to elucidate the underlying active mechanisms.METHODS: The inhibitory effects of emodin on the IgE-mediated allergic response in rat basophilic leukemia (RBL-2H3) cells were evaluated by measuring the release of granules and cytokines. The Ca2+ mobilization in RBL-2H3 cells loaded with the Ca(2+)-reactive fluorescent probe Fluo-4 AM was also measured by laser scanning confocal microscope.RESULTS: Emodin inhibited the release of â-hexosaminidase (â-HEX; IC50 = 5.5 ìM) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-á (IC50 = 11.5 ìM) from RBL-2H3 cells induced by 2,4-dinitrophenylated bovine serum albumin (DNP-BSA) and displayed stronger inhibition of â-HEX release than ketotifen fumarate salt (IC50 = 63.8 ìM). Emodin at a concentration of 12.5 ìM also inhibited the DNP-BSA-induced influx of extracellular Ca2+ in RBL-2H3 cells.CONCLUSIONS: These results suggested that emodin likely exhibits anti-allergic activities via increasing the stability of the cell membrane and inhibiting extracellular Ca2+ influx.
|
['Animals', 'Anti-Allergic Agents', 'Calcium', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Emodin', 'Immunoglobulin E', 'Rats', 'Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha', 'beta-N-Acetylhexosaminidases']
| 23,238,477
|
[['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.016'], ['D01.268.552.100', 'D01.552.539.288', 'D23.119.100'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.117.159.353', 'D02.806.100.353', 'D04.615.117.159.353'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.619.312', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.619.312', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.619.312'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['D12.644.276.374.500.800', 'D12.644.276.374.750.626', 'D12.776.124.900', 'D12.776.395.930', 'D12.776.467.374.500.800', 'D12.776.467.374.750.626', 'D23.529.374.500.800', 'D23.529.374.750.626'], ['D08.811.277.450.483.180']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Predictive factors of gastroduodenal toxicity in cirrhotic patients after three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma.
|
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: To identify predictive factors for the development of gastroduodenal toxicity (GDT) in cirrhotic patients treated with three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed dose-volume histograms (DVHs) and clinical records of 73 cirrhotic patients treated with 3D-CRT for HCC. The median radiation dose was 36 Gy (range, 30-54 Gy) with a daily dose of 3 Gy. The grade of GDT was defined by the Common Toxicity Criteria Version 2. The predictive factors of grade 3 GDT were identified.RESULTS: Grade 3 GDT was found in 9 patients. Patient's age and the percentage of gastroduodenal volume receiving more than 35 Gy (V(35)) significantly affected the development of grade 3 GDT. Patients over 50 years of age developed grade 3 GDT more frequently than patients under 50 years of age. The risk of grade 3 GDT grew exponentially as V(35) increased. The 1-year actuarial rate of grade 3 GDT in patients with V(35)<5% is significantly lower than that in patients with a V(35)> or =5% (4% vs. 48%, p<.01).CONCLUSIONS: Patient's age and V(35) were the most predictive factors for the development of grade 3 GDT in patients treated with RT.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Carcinoma, Hepatocellular', 'Duodenum', 'Female', 'Gastric Mucosa', 'Humans', 'Liver Cirrhosis', 'Liver Neoplasms', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Radiotherapy, Conformal', 'Retrospective Studies']
| 19,524,314
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C04.557.470.200.025.255', 'C04.588.274.623.160', 'C06.301.623.160', 'C06.552.697.160'], ['A03.556.124.684.124', 'A03.556.875.249'], ['A03.556.875.875.440', 'A10.615.550.291'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C06.552.630', 'C23.550.355.412'], ['C04.588.274.623', 'C06.301.623', 'C06.552.697'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E02.815.635.700', 'L01.313.500.750.100.710.600.550'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
[Intrauterine necrosis in closed gastroschisis].
|
INTRODUCTION: Strangulation of the intestine as the result of compression of its blood supply in a tightly closed gastroschisis defect is a very rare occurrence.CLINICAL CASES: We present the cases of two newborn patients who had extra-abdominal infarcted bowel and intra-abdominal jejunal atresia due to vascular compression for gastroschisis defect. One was associated with colonic, probably acquired aganglionosis. Both had similar clinical courses.CONCLUSIONS: This association is very uncommon. Prognosis of this complex is very poor.
|
['Colon', 'Female', 'Gastroschisis', 'Gestational Age', 'Humans', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Intestinal Diseases', 'Laparotomy', 'Male', 'Necrosis', 'Pregnancy', 'Pregnancy Complications', 'Radiography, Abdominal', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 15,310,450
|
[['A03.556.124.526.356', 'A03.556.249.249.356'], ['C05.660.417', 'C16.131.621.417', 'C23.300.707.374.500'], ['G07.345.500.325.235.968', 'G08.686.320'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['C06.405.469'], ['E04.406'], ['C23.550.717'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['C13.703'], ['E01.370.350.700.715'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
ARHGEF9 mutations in epileptic encephalopathy/intellectual disability: toward understanding the mechanism underlying phenotypic variation.
|
ARHGEF9 resides on Xq11.1 and encodes collybistin, which is crucial in gephyrin clustering and GABAA receptor localization. ARHGEF9 mutations have been identified in patients with heterogeneous phenotypes, including epilepsy of variable severity and intellectual disability. However, the mechanism underlying phenotype variation is unknown. Using next-generation sequencing, we identified a novel mutation, c.868C > T/p.R290C, which co-segregated with epileptic encephalopathy, and validated its association with epileptic encephalopathy. Further analysis revealed that all ARHGEF9 mutations were associated with intellectual disability, suggesting its critical role in psychomotor development. Three missense mutations in the PH domain were not associated with epilepsy, suggesting that the co-occurrence of epilepsy depends on the affected functional domains. Missense mutations with severe molecular alteration in the DH domain, or located in the DH-gephyrin binding region, or adjacent to the SH3-NL2 binding site were associated with severe epilepsy, implying that the clinical severity was potentially determined by alteration of molecular structure and location of mutations. Male patients with ARHGEF9 mutations presented more severe phenotypes than female patients, which suggests a gene-dose effect and supports the pathogenic role of ARHGEF9 mutations. This study highlights the role of molecular alteration in phenotype expression and facilitates evaluation of the pathogenicity of ARHGEF9 mutations in clinical practice.
|
['Adult', 'Biological Variation, Population', 'Child', 'Epilepsy', 'Female', 'Genotype', 'Humans', 'Intellectual Disability', 'Male', 'Mutation, Missense', 'Phenotype', 'Protein Domains', 'Rho Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors', 'Young Adult']
| 29,130,122
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['G16.117'], ['M01.060.406'], ['C10.228.140.490'], ['G05.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C10.597.606.360', 'C23.888.592.604.646', 'F01.700.687', 'F03.625.539'], ['G05.365.590.650'], ['G05.695'], ['G02.111.570.820.709.275.750', 'G02.111.570.820.709.610.500'], ['D12.644.360.325.300.099', 'D12.776.476.325.300.099'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Expansion microscopy for the analysis of centrioles and cilia.
|
Centrioles are vital cellular structures that organise centrosomes and cilia. Due to their subresolutional size, centriole ultrastructural features have been traditionally analysed by electron microscopy. Here we present an adaptation of magnified analysis of the proteome expansion microscopy method, to be used for a robust analysis of centriole number, duplication status, length, structural abnormalities and ciliation by conventional optical microscopes. The method allows the analysis of centriole's structural features from large populations of adherent and nonadherent cells and multiciliated cultures. We validate the method using EM and superresolution microscopy and show that it can be used as an affordable and reliable alternative to electron microscopy in the analysis of centrioles and cilia in various cell cultures. LAY DESCRIPTION: Centrioles are microtubule-based structures organised as ninefold symmetrical cylinders which are, in human cells, ?500 nm long and ?230 nm wide. Centrioles assemble dozens of proteins around them forming centrosomes, which nucleate microtubules and organise spindle poles in mitosis. Centrioles, in addition, assemble cilia and flagella, two critically important organelles for signalling and motility. Due to centriole small size, electron microscopy has been a major imaging technique for the analysis of their ultrastructural features. However, being technically demanding, electron microscopy it is not easily available to the researchers and it is rarely used to collect large datasets. Expansion microscopy is an emerging approach in which biological specimens are embedded in a swellable polymer and isotopically expanded several fold. Physical separation of cellular structures allows the analysis of, otherwise unresolvable, structures by conventional optical microscopes. We present an adaptation of expansion microscopy approach, specifically developed for a robust analysis of centrioles and cilia. Our protocol can be used for the analysis of centriole number, duplication status, length, localisation of various centrosomal components and ciliation from large populations of cultured adherent and nonadherent cells and multiciliated cultures. We validate the method against electron microscopy and superresolution microscopy and demonstrate that it can be used as an accessible and reliable alternative to electron microscopy.
|
['Cell Line', 'Centrioles', 'Cilia', 'Humans', 'Microscopy']
| 31,691,972
|
[['A11.251.210'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.750.585.160.130', 'A11.284.430.214.190.750.820.500.500.130'], ['A11.284.180.165'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.515', 'E05.595', 'H01.671.617.562']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Spectrofluorimetric determination of tetracycline and anhydrotetracycline in serum and urine.
|
A spectrofluorimetric method, involving alkaline degradation and formation of a magnesium complex, is described for the determination of tetracycline (TC) and anhydrotetracycline (ATC) in their mixed solution. Tetracycline is degraded and determined in alkaline solution. This treatment of ATC produces almost no fluorescence, but a fluorescent magnesium complex forms at pH 7.5. Several synthetic samples of TC and ATC, with TC:ATC ratios ranging from 50:1 to 1:50, were analysed. The recoveries of TC and ATC are about 71-76 and 61-63% in serum, respectively, and are all about 100% in urine.
|
['Humans', 'Spectrometry, Fluorescence', 'Tetracycline', 'Tetracyclines']
| 1,443,636
|
[['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.196.712.516.600.676', 'E05.196.867.726'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.562.900.875', 'D04.615.562.900.875'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.562.900', 'D04.615.562.900']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Additional Screening and Treatment of Malaria During Pregnancy Provides Further Protection Against Malaria and Nonmalarial Fevers During the First Year of Life.
|
Background: Although consensus exists that malaria in pregnancy (MiP) increases the risk of malaria in infancy, and eventually nonmalarial fevers (NMFs), there is a lack of conclusive evidence of benefits of MiP preventive strategies in infants.Methods: In Burkina Faso, a birth cohort study was nested to a clinical trial assessing the effectiveness of a community-based scheduled screening and treatment of malaria in combination with intermittent preventive treatment with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (CSST/IPTp-SP) to prevent placental malaria. Clinical episodes and asymptomatic infections were monitored over 1 year of follow-up to compare the effect of CSST/IPTp-SP and standard IPTp-SP on malaria and NMFs.Results: Infants born during low-transmission season from mothers receiving CSST/IPTp-SP had a 26% decreased risk of experiencing a first clinical episode (hazard ratio, 0.74 [95% confidence interval, .55-0.99]; P = .047). CSST/IPTp-SP interacted with birth season and gravidity to reduce the incidence of NMFs. No significant effects of CSST/IPTp-SP on the incidence of clinical episodes, parasite density, and Plasmodium falciparum infections were observed.Conclusions: Our findings indicate that CSST/IPTp-SP strategy may provide additional protection against both malaria and NMFs in infants during the first year of life, and suggest that malaria control interventions during pregnancy could have long-term benefits in infants.
|
['Adult', 'Antimalarials', 'Burkina Faso', 'Cohort Studies', 'Drug Combinations', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Incidence', 'Infant', 'Malaria, Falciparum', 'Male', 'Mass Screening', 'Plasmodium falciparum', 'Pregnancy', 'Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic', 'Pyrimethamine', 'Sulfadoxine']
| 29,659,897
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D27.505.954.122.250.100.085'], ['Z01.058.290.190.245'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['D26.310'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.375', 'N01.224.935.597.500', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.375', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.375'], ['M01.060.703'], ['C01.610.752.530.650', 'C01.920.875.650'], ['E01.370.500', 'E05.318.308.980.438.580', 'N02.421.726.233.443', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.580', 'N06.850.780.500'], ['B01.043.075.380.611.561'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['C01.610.718', 'C13.703.700.680'], ['D03.383.742.675'], ['D02.065.884.725.765', 'D02.092.146.807.765', 'D02.886.590.700.725.765']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Mesenteric lymphatic obstruction in Crohn's disease.
|
The lymphatic drainage of diseased and normal bowel was studied in 21 patients undergoing surgery for Crohn's disease. Mesenteric lymphatic obstruction was a consistent feature, identified in areas of small bowel macroscopically affected by Crohn's disease. This finding was also observed in some areas of apparently unaffected small bowel. Subsequent examination of these areas confirmed the presence of early Crohn's disease. This method of study may prove to be of value for determining the extent of operative resection in patients with Crohn's disease. Experimental lymphatic obstruction in animals failed to produce pathological changes of Crohn's disease, suggesting that this feature is an epiphenomenon and is not of primary importance in the pathogenesis of regional enteritis.
|
['Animals', 'Crohn Disease', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Lymphatic Diseases', 'Male', 'Rats']
| 7,390,055
|
[['B01.050'], ['C06.405.205.731.500', 'C06.405.469.432.500'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C15.604'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Role of NF-êB inhibitor in Acute Myeloid Leukemia].
|
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the role of NF-êB inhibitor in occurence and development of AML.METHODS: AML and normal bone marrow samples were collected from 8 AML patients and 8 normal persons. The expression of NF-êB signaling pathway genes was detected by NF-êB PCR array. Then, AML mouse model was constructed to test the role of NF-êB inhibitor in AML.RESULTS: The NF-êB signal pathway was activated in AML patients. The up-regulated genes, EDARADD, TNFSF14, could activate the NF-êB signal pathway, IL6 could regulate the inflammatory signal. The down-regulated genes, TNFRSF 10B, TNFRSF1A, could lead to cell apoptosis. the AML mouse model was constructed successfully. Then administration of NF-êB inhibitor reduced the inhibition of leukemia niche to the normal hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), promoted the HSC to enter into cell cycle.CONCLUSION: The NF-êB signal pathway is activated in AML cells. AML mouse model is constructed successfully. NF-êB inhibitor has a potential to treat AML and promotes the HSC to enrter into cell cycle.
|
['Animals', 'Apoptosis', 'Bone Marrow', 'Cell Cycle', 'Hematopoietic Stem Cells', 'Humans', 'Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute', 'Mice', 'NF-kappa B', 'Signal Transduction', 'Transcription Factor RelA', 'Tumor Necrosis Factor Ligand Superfamily Member 14']
| 28,024,466
|
[['B01.050'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['A15.382.216'], ['G04.144'], ['A11.148.378', 'A11.872.378', 'A15.378.316.378'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.557.337.539.275'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['D05.500.672', 'D12.776.260.600', 'D12.776.660.600', 'D12.776.930.600'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['D12.776.260.600.249', 'D12.776.660.600.249', 'D12.776.930.600.249'], ['D12.644.276.374.750.690', 'D12.776.467.374.750.690', 'D23.529.374.750.690']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Molecular Diffusion in Plasma Membranes of Primary Lymphocytes Measured by Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy.
|
Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) is a powerful technique for studying the diffusion of molecules within biological membranes with high spatial and temporal resolution. FCS can quantify the molecular concentration and diffusion coefficient of fluorescently labeled molecules in the cell membrane. This technique has the ability to explore the molecular diffusion characteristics of molecules in the plasma membrane of immune cells in steady state (i.e., without processes affecting the result during the actual measurement time). FCS is suitable for studying the diffusion of proteins that are expressed at levels typical for most endogenous proteins. Here, a straightforward and robust method to determine the diffusion rate of cell membrane proteins on primary lymphocytes is demonstrated. An effective way to perform measurements on antibody-stained live cells and commonly occurring observations after acquisition are described. The recent advancements in the development of photo-stable fluorescent dyes can be utilized by conjugating the antibodies of interest to appropriate dyes that do not bleach extensively during the measurements. Additionally, this allows for the detection of slowly diffusing entities, which is a common feature of proteins expressed in cell membranes. The analysis procedure to extract molecular concentration and diffusion parameters from the generated autocorrelation curves is highlighted. In summary, a basic protocol for FCS measurements is provided; it can be followed by immunologists with an understanding of confocal microscopy but with no other previous experience of techniques for measuring dynamic parameters, such as molecular diffusion rates.
|
['Animals', 'Cell Membrane', 'Diffusion', 'Fluorescent Dyes', 'Killer Cells, Natural', 'Membrane Proteins', 'Mice', 'Microscopy, Confocal', 'Spectrometry, Fluorescence']
| 28,190,071
|
[['B01.050'], ['A11.284.149'], ['G01.202', 'G02.196'], ['D27.720.233.348', 'D27.720.470.410.505.500'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.537', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.537', 'A15.382.490.555.567.537'], ['D12.776.543'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['E01.370.350.515.395', 'E05.595.395'], ['E05.196.712.516.600.676', 'E05.196.867.726']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
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