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Anti-inflammatory effects of benfotiamine are mediated through the regulation of the arachidonic acid pathway in macrophages.
|
Benfotiamine, a lipid-soluble analogue of vitamin B1, is a potent antioxidant that is used as a food supplement for the treatment of diabetic complications. Our recent study (U.C. Yadav et al., Free Radic. Biol. Med. 48:1423-1434, 2010) indicates a novel role for benfotiamine in the prevention of bacterial endotoxin, lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cytotoxicity and inflammatory response in murine macrophages. Nevertheless, it remains unclear how benfotiamine mediates anti-inflammatory effects. In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory role of benfotiamine in regulating arachidonic acid (AA) pathway-generated inflammatory lipid mediators in RAW264.7 macrophages. Benfotiamine prevented the LPS-induced activation of cPLA2 and release of AA metabolites such as leukotrienes, prostaglandin E2, thromboxane 2 (TXB2), and prostacyclin (PGI2) in macrophages. Further, LPS-induced expression of AA-metabolizing enzymes such as COX-2, LOX-5, TXB synthase, and PGI2 synthase was significantly blocked by benfotiamine. Furthermore, benfotiamine prevented the LPS-induced phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and expression of transcription factors NF-êB and Egr-1. Benfotiamine also prevented the LPS-induced oxidative stress and protein-HNE adduct formation. Most importantly, compared to specific COX-2 and LOX-5 inhibitors, benfotiamine significantly prevented LPS-induced macrophage death and monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells. Thus, our studies indicate that the dual regulation of the COX and LOX pathways in AA metabolism could be a novel mechanism by which benfotiamine exhibits its potential anti-inflammatory response.
|
['Animals', 'Anti-Inflammatory Agents', 'Arachidonic Acid', 'Cell Adhesion', 'Cell Death', 'Cell Line', 'Cyclooxygenase 2', 'Dinoprostone', 'Epoprostenol', 'Extracellular Matrix Proteins', 'Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases', 'Gene Expression', 'Inflammation', 'Leukotrienes', 'Lipopolysaccharides', 'Macrophages', 'Mice', 'NF-kappa B', 'Protein-Lysine 6-Oxidase', 'Signal Transduction', 'Thiamine', 'Thromboxane B2']
| 22,067,901
|
[['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.158'], ['D10.251.355.255.100.100', 'D10.251.355.310.166.100'], ['G04.022'], ['G04.146'], ['A11.251.210'], ['D08.811.600.720.750'], ['D10.251.355.255.550.250.200', 'D23.469.050.175.725.250.200'], ['D10.251.355.255.550.550.500', 'D23.469.050.175.725.550.500'], ['D12.776.860.300'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.567.249', 'D12.644.360.450.169', 'D12.776.476.450.169'], ['G05.297'], ['C23.550.470'], ['D10.251.355.255.100.450', 'D10.251.355.310.166.887', 'D23.469.050.175.450'], ['D09.400.500', 'D09.698.718.450', 'D10.494', 'D23.050.161.616.525', 'D23.946.123.329.500'], ['A11.329.372', 'A11.627.482', 'A11.733.397', 'A15.382.670.522', 'A15.382.680.397'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['D05.500.672', 'D12.776.260.600', 'D12.776.660.600', 'D12.776.930.600'], ['D08.811.682.664.500.848'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['D02.886.675.900', 'D03.383.129.708.900', 'D03.383.742.795'], ['D10.251.355.255.100.825.810', 'D10.251.355.310.166.971.810']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Synthesis of a novel series of imidazo[4,5-c]pyrazole derivatives and their evaluation as herbicidal agents.
|
Ever changing problems in agricultural weed control require periodic introduction of new herbicides. Imidazo[4,5-c]pyrazoles, which were considered of interest as potential herbicides, were synthesized and examined for the pre-emergence, post-emergence, and post-transplant control of weeds in rice against broadleaf and grass weed species. The data obtained suggest that some imidazo[4,5-c]pyrazoles have potential herbicidal activity against a wide range of weeds, with 5-methyl, 5-thiomethyl, and 5-unsubstituted derivatives being the most effective. No herbicidal activity was observed in the 5-methylsulfonylimidazo[4,5-c]pyrazole and imidazo[4,5-c]pyrazolone series.
|
['Arabidopsis', 'Herbicides', 'Poaceae', 'Pyrazoles']
| 10,575,365
|
[['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.157.100'], ['D27.720.031.700.366', 'D27.888.723.366'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.822'], ['D03.383.129.539']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Molecular analysis of core kinetochore composition and assembly in Drosophila melanogaster.
|
BACKGROUND: Kinetochores are large multiprotein complexes indispensable for proper chromosome segregation. Although Drosophila is a classical model organism for studies of chromosome segregation, little is known about the organization of its kinetochores.METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We employed bioinformatics, proteomics and cell biology methods to identify and analyze the interaction network of Drosophila kinetochore proteins. We have shown that three Drosophila proteins highly diverged from human and yeast Ndc80, Nuf2 and Mis12 are indeed their orthologues. Affinity purification of these proteins from cultured Drosophila cells identified a further five interacting proteins with weak similarity to subunits of the SPC105/KNL-1, MIND/MIS12 and NDC80 kinetochore complexes together with known kinetochore associated proteins such as dynein/dynactin, spindle assembly checkpoint components and heterochromatin proteins. All eight kinetochore complex proteins were present at the kinetochore during mitosis and MIND/MIS12 complex proteins were also centromeric during interphase. Their down-regulation led to dramatic defects in chromosome congression/segregation frequently accompanied by mitotic spindle elongation. The systematic depletion of each individual protein allowed us to establish dependency relationships for their recruitment onto the kinetochore. This revealed the sequential recruitment of individual members of first, the MIND/MIS12 and then, NDC80 complex.CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: The Drosophila MIND/MIS12 and NDC80 complexes and the Spc105 protein, like their counterparts from other eukaryotic species, are essential for chromosome congression and segregation, but are highly diverged in sequence. Hierarchical dependence relationships of individual proteins regulate the assembly of Drosophila kinetochore complexes in a manner similar, but not identical, to other organisms.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Animals', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Chromatography, Affinity', 'Drosophila Proteins', 'Drosophila melanogaster', 'Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel', 'Kinetochores', 'Mass Spectrometry', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Proteomics', 'Sequence Homology, Amino Acid']
| 17,534,428
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['B01.050'], ['A11.251'], ['E05.196.181.400.170'], ['D12.776.093.500.462'], ['B01.050.500.131.617.720.500.500.750.310.250.500'], ['E05.196.401.402', 'E05.301.300.319'], ['A11.284.430.106.279.345.190.160.165.500', 'G05.360.160.165.500'], ['E05.196.566'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['H01.158.201.843', 'H01.158.273.180.350.700', 'H01.158.273.343.350.700', 'H01.181.122.738'], ['G02.111.810.200', 'G05.810.200']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Distinct cellular loci for the ABCA1-dependent and ABCA1-independent lipid efflux mediated by endogenous apolipoprotein E expression.
|
OBJECTIVE: Macrophage expression of both apolipoprotein E (apoE) and ABCA1 have been shown to modulate lipid efflux from these cells and to play an important atheroprotective role in vivo. We evaluated the relationship between apoE and ABCA1 for regulating cellular sterol efflux.METHODS AND RESULTS: ApoE-mediated, but ABCA1-independent, lipid efflux was demonstrated in 3 model systems. First, adenoviral-mediated expression of apoE in dermal fibroblasts isolated from ABCA1(-/-) mice significantly increased both sterol and phospholipid efflux. Second, expression of human apoE in a macrophage cell line increased sterol efflux, and this increment in efflux was not reduced by suppressing ABCA1 expression. Third, reduction of apoE expression using an apoE small interfering RNA significantly reduced sterol efflux from ABCA1(-/-) mouse peritoneal macrophages. ApoE-mediated, but ABCA1-independent, lipid efflux could be differentiated from lipid efflux that was dependent on the extracellular accumulation of secreted apoE, because exogenous cell-derived apoE stimulated efflux only from cells expressing ABCA1. Sterol efflux was usually highest in cells expressing both ABCA1 and apoE, likely representing a summation of the ABCA1-dependent and -independent pathways for apoE-mediated sterol efflux.CONCLUSIONS: ABCA1 expression is required for apoE-mediated efflux when endogenously synthesized apoE accumulates extracellularly. Our results, however, establish the existence of an ABCA1-independent pathway for lipid efflux that requires the intracellular synthesis and/or transport of apoE.
|
['ATP Binding Cassette Transporter 1', 'ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters', 'Adenoviridae', 'Animals', 'Apolipoprotein A-I', 'Apolipoproteins E', 'Atherosclerosis', 'Biological Transport', 'Cell Line', 'Cholesterol', 'Dermis', 'Fibroblasts', 'Gene Expression', 'Macrophages, Peritoneal', 'Mice', 'Mice, Knockout', 'Phospholipids', 'RNA, Small Interfering', 'Sterols']
| 16,254,198
|
[['D12.776.157.530.100.050.500', 'D12.776.395.550.020.381.500', 'D12.776.543.550.192.381.500', 'D12.776.543.585.100.190.500'], ['D12.776.157.530.100', 'D12.776.395.550.020', 'D12.776.543.550.192', 'D12.776.543.585.100'], ['B04.280.030'], ['B01.050'], ['D10.532.091.200.100', 'D12.776.070.400.200.100', 'D12.776.521.120.200.100'], ['D10.532.091.500', 'D12.776.070.400.500', 'D12.776.521.120.500'], ['C14.907.137.126.307'], ['G03.143'], ['A11.251.210'], ['D04.210.500.247.222.284', 'D04.210.500.247.808.197', 'D10.570.938.208'], ['A17.815.180'], ['A11.329.228'], ['G05.297'], ['A11.329.372.630', 'A11.627.482.630', 'A11.733.397.630', 'A15.382.670.522.630', 'A15.382.680.397.630'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.136.500.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.455', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800.500'], ['D10.570.755'], ['D13.150.650.700', 'D13.444.735.150.700', 'D13.444.735.790.552.875'], ['D04.210.500.247.808', 'D10.570.938']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Frugivory and seed dispersal patterns of the red-ruffed lemur, Varecia rubra, at a forest restoration site in Masoala National Park, Madagascar.
|
Frugivorous primates can play a critical role in the regeneration of degraded habitats by dispersing seeds of their food plants. We studied the diet and seed dispersal patterns of 3 groups of habituated red-ruffed lemurs (Varecia rubra) in a rain forest restoration site in Masoala National Park, Madagascar, to assess the species' seed dispersal effectiveness. Fruits accounted for 61% of the diet, with an average foraging time of 10 min per fruit patch per day. Seeds from 75% of the consumed fruit species were recovered in the collected V. rubra feces. We traced the potential parent plants of 20 dispersed-seed species to calculate a gut passage range (63-423 min; mean = 225, n = 35). The median seed dispersal distance from the potential parent plant was 48 m (mean = 83 m, range 0-568 m, n = 194). The home ranges of 2 of the 3 groups overlapped with the regenerating forest parcels. Although 92% of fecal samples with seeds were dispersed into the undisturbed forest, V. rubra fed on the fruits of the non-native pioneer shrub Clidemia hirta, while also dispersing native and non-native seed species into the regenerating forest parcels.
|
['Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena', 'Animals', 'Biodiversity', 'Conservation of Natural Resources', 'Diet', 'Digestion', 'Female', 'Forests', 'Fruit', 'Herbivory', 'Lemuridae', 'Madagascar', 'Magnoliopsida', 'Male', 'Seed Dispersal', 'Trees']
| 25,323,399
|
[['G07.203.650.161'], ['B01.050'], ['G16.500.275.157.049', 'N06.230.124.049'], ['J01.256', 'N06.230.080'], ['G07.203.650.240'], ['G07.203.650.250', 'G10.261.190'], ['G16.500.275.157.437', 'N06.230.124.343'], ['A18.024.500', 'G07.203.300.562', 'J02.500.562'], ['F01.145.113.547.600', 'F01.145.407.758', 'G07.203.650.353.758'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.700.508'], ['Z01.639.520.500'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250'], ['G01.154.767', 'G15.620.500', 'G15.808'], ['B01.650.915']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Leiomyosarcoma of the ovarian vein: an unusual cause of severe abdominal and flank pain.
|
Leiomyosarcoma arising from the ovarian vein is extremely rare: only one case was found in the literature. We report a case in a sixty-one-year-old woman who had unexplained attacks of pain in her left lower abdomen and flank for two years.
|
['Female', 'Humans', 'Leiomyosarcoma', 'Middle Aged', 'Ovarian Neoplasms', 'Ovary', 'Pain', 'Phlebography', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed', 'Veins']
| 8,776,624
|
[['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.557.450.590.455', 'C04.557.450.795.455'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04.588.322.455', 'C13.351.500.056.630.705', 'C13.351.937.418.685', 'C19.344.410', 'C19.391.630.705'], ['A05.360.319.114.630', 'A05.360.576.497', 'A06.300.312.497'], ['C23.888.592.612', 'F02.830.816.444', 'G11.561.790.444'], ['E01.370.350.700.060.600', 'E01.370.370.050.600'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810'], ['A07.015.908']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
A comparison of MCC and CEN error measures in multi-class prediction.
|
We show that the Confusion Entropy, a measure of performance in multiclass problems has a strong (monotone) relation with the multiclass generalization of a classical metric, the Matthews Correlation Coefficient. Analytical results are provided for the limit cases of general no-information (n-face dice rolling) of the binary classification. Computational evidence supports the claim in the general case.
|
['Algorithms', 'Area Under Curve', 'Artificial Intelligence', 'Computational Biology', 'Computers', 'Entropy', 'Genotype', 'Models, Statistical', 'Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis', 'Probability', 'ROC Curve', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Software', 'Statistics as Topic']
| 22,905,111
|
[['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['E05.318.740.200', 'G03.787.101', 'G07.690.725.064', 'N06.850.520.830.200'], ['G17.035.250', 'L01.224.050.375'], ['H01.158.273.180', 'L01.313.124'], ['L01.224.230.260'], ['G01.906.345'], ['G05.380'], ['E05.318.740.500', 'E05.599.835', 'N05.715.360.750.530', 'N06.850.520.830.500'], ['E05.393.661.640', 'E05.393.760.640', 'E05.588.570.660', 'E05.601.640'], ['E05.318.740.600', 'G17.680', 'N05.715.360.750.625', 'N06.850.520.830.600'], ['E05.318.370.800.750', 'E05.318.740.872.750', 'N05.715.360.325.700.680', 'N06.850.520.445.800.750'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['L01.224.900'], ['E05.318.740', 'H01.548.832', 'N05.715.360.750', 'N06.850.520.830']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Same critical features are used for identification of familiarized and unfamiliar faces.
|
Many studies have shown better recognition for faces we have greater experience with, relative to unfamiliar faces. However, it is still not clear if and how the representation of faces changes during the process of familiarization. In a previous study, we discovered a subset of facial features, for which we have high perceptual sensitivity (PS), that were critical for determining the identity of unfamiliar faces. This was done by assigning values to 20 different facial features based on perceptual rating, converting faces into feature-vectors, and measuring the correlations between face similarity ratings and distances between feature-vectors. In the current study, we examined the contribution of high and low-PS features to face identity after familiarization. To familiarize participants with unfamiliar faces, we used an individuation training protocol that was found to be effective in previous studies, in which different names are assigned to different faces and participants are asked to learn the face-name association. Our findings show that even after repeated exposure to the same image of each identity, which allows close examination of all facial features, only high-PS features contributed to face identity, while low-PS features did not. This subset of high-PS features includes both internal and external features and part and configuration features. We therefore conclude that identification of familiarized and unfamiliar faces may rely on the same subset of critical features. These findings further support a new categorization of facial features according to their perceptual sensitivity.
|
['Adult', 'Facial Recognition', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Photic Stimulation', 'Recognition, Psychology']
| 29,360,472
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['F02.463.593.524.250.500', 'F02.463.593.524.500.500', 'F02.463.593.932.622.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.723.729'], ['F02.463.425.540.706']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Can medical schools teach high school students to be scientists?
|
The preeminence of science in the United States is endangered for multiple reasons, including mediocre achievement in science education by secondary school students. A group of scientists at Oregon Health and Science University has established a class to teach the process of scientific inquiry to local high school students. Prominent aspects of the class include pairing of the student with a mentor; use of a journal club format; preparation of a referenced, hypothesis driven research proposal; and a "hands-on" laboratory experience. A survey of our graduates found that 73% were planning careers in health or science. In comparison to conventional science classes, including chemistry, biology, and algebra, our students were 7 times more likely to rank the scientific inquiry class as influencing career or life choices. Medical schools should make research opportunities widely available to teenagers because this experience dramatically affects one's attitude toward science and the likelihood that a student will pursue a career in science or medicine. A federal initiative could facilitate student opportunities to pursue research.
|
['Adolescent', 'Curriculum', 'Data Collection', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Oregon', 'Parkinson Disease', 'Program Evaluation', 'Schools, Medical', 'Science', 'Students']
| 17,351,126
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['I02.158'], ['E05.318.308', 'L01.399.250', 'N05.715.360.300', 'N06.850.520.308'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.107.567.875.560.550', 'Z01.107.567.875.580.550'], ['C10.228.140.079.862.500', 'C10.228.662.600.400', 'C10.574.928.750'], ['E05.337.820', 'N04.761.685', 'N05.715.360.650'], ['I02.783.495.552', 'N02.278.020.578'], ['H01.770'], ['M01.848']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Patient-specific imaging and missed tumors: a catastrophic outcome.
|
Patient-specific instrumentation (PSI) is a relatively new technology aimed at increasing the accuracy and efficiency of total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Its premise is reliant upon preoperative imaging techniques to acquire detailed measurements of a patient's distal femur and proximal tibia. Although a limited number of studies in the current literature have begun to critically evaluate this promising technology, a number of potential controversies exist. We present 2 patients with radiographic evidence of musculoskeletal neoplasms present on initial preoperative imaging that were not recognized prior to placement of patient-specific total knees. The expanding role of non-diagnostic imaging in TKA is examined, and we suggest guidelines for prevention of further devastating outcomes.
|
['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee', 'Femoral Neoplasms', 'Humans', 'Knee Joint', 'Knee Prosthesis', 'Male', 'Osteosarcoma', 'Radiography', 'Surgery, Computer-Assisted', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 24,471,144
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['E04.555.110.110.115', 'E04.650.110.115', 'E04.680.101.110.115'], ['C04.588.149.276', 'C05.116.231.343'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A02.835.583.475'], ['E07.695.400.410'], ['C04.557.450.565.575.650', 'C04.557.450.795.620'], ['E01.370.350.700'], ['E04.749'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
[Yiqi Tongluo Particles improve Qi-deficiency and blood stasis in multiple cerebral infarction rats by promoting angiogenesis].
|
This research was aimed to evaluate the protective effect and potential mechanism of Yiqi Tongluo Particles(YQTLs).Firstly,an animal model of multiple cerebral infarction(MCI) with Qi deficiency and blood stasis was established.Rats were randomly divided into six groups:SHAM group,Vehicle group,Buyang Huanwu decoction original group(BYHWO),EGb761 group,high and low dose of YQTLs group.Rats underwent sleep deprivation after one week of MCI and the tongues and pulses of rats after six weeks of sleep deprivation were detected,followed by collecting blood to analysis the blood coagulation.Differential expression of angiogenesis associated proteins was examined using proteomic research and verified by immunohistochemical.RESULTS: showed that neurological function score was obviously declined,G and B value of tongue surface was increased significantly and the pulse distension,the activated partial thromboplatin time(APTT) as well as prothrombin time(PT) were recovered following YQTLs 7.56 g·kg-1 treatment.Furthermore,G value of tongue surface,APTT and PT were also improved by YQTLs 3.78 g·kg-1.The results of proteomic technology showed that proteins associated with angiogenesis were reversed compared with Vehicle group.Moreover,the expression of VEGFR2 from immunohistochemical was promoted after YQTLs treatment.The MCI with Qi deficiency and blood stasis was alleviated obviously following YQTLs treatment and the possible mechanism was that YQTLs may enhance angiogenesis during cerebral ischemia.
|
['Angiogenesis Inducing Agents', 'Animals', 'Cerebral Infarction', 'Drugs, Chinese Herbal', 'Proteomics', 'Qi', 'Random Allocation', 'Rats']
| 30,868,821
|
[['D27.505.696.377.077.077'], ['B01.050'], ['C10.228.140.300.150.477.200', 'C10.228.140.300.775.200.200', 'C14.907.253.092.477.200', 'C14.907.253.855.200.200', 'C23.550.513.355.250.200', 'C23.550.717.489.250.200'], ['D20.215.784.500.350', 'D26.335'], ['H01.158.201.843', 'H01.158.273.180.350.700', 'H01.158.273.343.350.700', 'H01.181.122.738'], ['I01.076.201.450.654.558.520.300', 'K01.752.730'], ['E05.318.370.700', 'E05.581.500.805', 'N05.715.360.325.675', 'N06.850.520.445.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
CPPred: coding potential prediction based on the global description of RNA sequence.
|
The rapid and accurate approach to distinguish between coding RNAs and ncRNAs has been playing a critical role in analyzing thousands of novel transcripts, which have been generated in recent years by next-generation sequencing technology. Previously developed methods CPAT, CPC2 and PLEK can distinguish coding RNAs and ncRNAs very well, but poorly distinguish between small coding RNAs and small ncRNAs. Herein, we report an approach, CPPred (coding potential prediction), which is based on SVM classifier and multiple sequence features including novel RNA features encoded by the global description. The CPPred can better distinguish not only between coding RNAs and ncRNAs, but also between small coding RNAs and small ncRNAs than the state-of-the-art methods due to the addition of the novel RNA features. A recent study proposes 1335 novel human coding RNAs from a large number of RNA-seq datasets. However, only 119 transcripts are predicted as coding RNAs by the CPPred. In fact, almost all proposed novel coding RNAs are ncRNAs (91.1%), which is consistent with previous reports. Remarkably, we also reveal that the global description of encoding features (T2, C0 and GC) plays an important role in the prediction of coding potential.
|
['Algorithms', 'Animals', 'Base Sequence', 'Computational Biology', 'Datasets as Topic', 'Drosophila melanogaster', 'High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing', 'Humans', 'Mice', 'RNA, Messenger', 'RNA, Untranslated', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae', 'Sequence Analysis, RNA', 'Zebrafish']
| 30,753,596
|
[['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['B01.050'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['H01.158.273.180', 'L01.313.124'], ['E05.318.308.056', 'L01.313.500.750.300.188.400.500', 'L01.399.250.224', 'L01.470.750.750.431', 'N05.715.360.300.224', 'N06.850.520.308.056'], ['B01.050.500.131.617.720.500.500.750.310.250.500'], ['E05.393.760.319'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['D13.444.735.790'], ['B01.300.107.795.785.800', 'B01.300.930.705.655'], ['E05.393.760.710'], ['B01.050.150.900.493.200.244.828']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Self-directed arm therapy at home after stroke with a sensor-based virtual reality training system.
|
BACKGROUND: The effect of rehabilitative training after stroke is dose-dependent. Out-patient rehabilitation training is often limited by transport logistics, financial resources and a lack of motivation/compliance. We studied the feasibility of an unsupervised arm therapy for self-directed rehabilitation therapy in patients' homes.METHODS: An open-label, single group study involving eleven patients with hemiparesis due to stroke (27 ± 31.5 months post-stroke) was conducted. The patients trained with an inertial measurement unit (IMU)-based virtual reality system (ArmeoSenso) in their homes for six weeks. The self-selected dose of training with ArmeoSenso was the principal outcome measure whereas the Fugl-Meyer Assessment of the upper extremity (FMA-UE), the Wolf Motor Function Test (WMFT) and IMU-derived kinematic metrics were used to assess arm function, training intensity and trunk movement. Repeated measures one-way ANOVAs were used to assess differences in training duration and clinical scores over time.RESULTS: All subjects were able to use the system independently in their homes and no safety issues were reported. Patients trained on 26.5 ± 11.5 days out of 42 days for a duration of 137 ± 120 min per week. The weekly training duration did not change over the course of six weeks (p = 0.146). The arm function of these patients improved significantly by 4.1 points (p = 0.003) in the FMA-UE. Changes in the WMFT were not significant (p = 0.552). ArmeoSenso based metrics showed an improvement in arm function, a high number of reaching movements (387 per session), and minimal compensatory movements of the trunk while training.CONCLUSIONS: Self-directed home therapy with an IMU-based home therapy system is safe and can provide a high dose of rehabilitative therapy. The assessments integrated into the system allow daily therapy monitoring, difficulty adaptation and detection of maladaptive motor patterns such as trunk movements during reaching.TRIAL REGISTRATION: Unique identifier: NCT02098135 .
|
['Aged', 'Arm', 'Biomechanical Phenomena', 'Feasibility Studies', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Movement Disorders', 'Paresis', 'Recovery of Function', 'Self Care', 'Stroke Rehabilitation', 'Therapy, Computer-Assisted', 'Treatment Outcome', 'User-Computer Interface']
| 27,515,583
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['A01.378.800.075'], ['G01.154.090', 'G01.374.089'], ['E05.318.372.550', 'E05.337.675', 'N05.715.360.330.550', 'N06.850.520.450.550'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C10.228.662'], ['C10.597.636', 'C23.888.592.643'], ['G16.757'], ['E02.900', 'I03.050.563', 'N02.421.784.680'], ['E02.760.169.063.500.477.500', 'E02.831.477.500', 'H02.403.680.600.750.500', 'N02.421.784.511.500'], ['E02.950', 'L01.313.500.750.100.710'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['L01.224.900.910']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Multiplexed panel of precisely quantified salivary proteins for biomarker assessment.
|
An increasingly popular "absolute" quantitative technique involves the SRM or MRM approach with stable isotope-labeled standards (SIS). Using this approach, many proteins in human plasma/serum have been quantified for biomarker assessment and disease stratification. Due to the complexity of plasma and the invasive nature of its collection, alternative biosamples are currently being explored. Here, we present the broadest panel of multiplexed MRM assays with SIS peptides for saliva proteins developed to date. The validated panel consists of 158 candidate human saliva protein biomarkers, inferred from 244 interference-free peptides. The resulting concentrations were reproducibly quantified over a 6 order-of-magnitude concentration range (from 218 ìg/mL to 88 pg/mL; average CVs of 12% over analytical triplicates). All concentrations were determined from reverse standard curves, which were generated using a constant concentration of endogenous material with varying concentrations of spiked-in SIS peptides. The large-scale screening of the soluble and membrane-associated proteins contained within the 158-plex assay could present new opportunities for biomarker assessment and clinical diagnostics.
|
['Adult', 'Biomarkers', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Peptides', 'Proteomics', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Saliva', 'Salivary Proteins and Peptides', 'Young Adult']
| 27,538,354
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D23.101'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.644'], ['H01.158.201.843', 'H01.158.273.180.350.700', 'H01.158.273.343.350.700', 'H01.181.122.738'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['A12.200.666'], ['D12.644.848', 'D12.776.850'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Oral health status and risk of bacteremia following allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation.
|
OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of oral health status on bacteremia risk in a cohort of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) who underwent chemotherapy followed by myeloablative allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT).STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective study was conducted in patients with AML from 2007 to 2011. Oral health status was determined from a pre-allo-HCT dental evaluation. Positive blood cultures were recorded from AML induction to post-allo-HCT day +60. Organisms that caused bacteremia were classified as "of possible oral source" by a blinded microbiologist. Two-sided Fisher's exact test was used to compare the oral health status of the entire cohort with that of patients with blood cultures of potential oral source.RESULTS: Pre-allo-HCT dental evaluations were completed in 91 (99%) of 92 patients. Of these 91 patients, 13 (14%) with dental pathology (13 of 13 [100%]) completed all required dental treatment before allo-HCT. Bacteremias occurred in 63 of 92 patients (68%), and 12 (19%) of 63 patients had positive blood cultures of potential oral source. Of these, 1 of 12 patients developed bacteremia during AML induction, and 11 of 12 developed bacteremia during allo-HCT.CONCLUSIONS: Oral health status was not associated with risk of bacteremia of potential oral source either at AML induction or consolidation or at allo-HCT.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Antineoplastic Agents', 'Bacteremia', 'Boston', 'Female', 'Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation', 'Humans', 'Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Oral Health', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Risk Factors', 'Transplantation Conditioning']
| 28,823,316
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D27.505.954.248'], ['C01.150.252.100', 'C01.757.100', 'C23.550.470.790.500.100'], ['Z01.107.567.875.550.510.210', 'Z01.433.210'], ['E02.095.147.500.500.500', 'E04.936.225.687.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.557.337.539.275'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['N01.400.535'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['E02.095.465.425.450.800', 'E05.478.610.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Left ventricular remodeling after late revascularization correlates with baseline viability.
|
The ideal management of stable patients who present late after acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is still a matter of conjecture. We hypothesized that the extent of improvement in left ventricular function after successful revascularization in this subset was related to the magnitude of viability in the infarct-related artery territory. However, few studies correlate the improvement of left ventricular function with the magnitude of residual viability in patients who undergo percutaneous coronary intervention in this setting. In 68 patients who presented later than 24 hours after a confirmed first STEMI, we performed resting, nitroglycerin-enhanced, technetium-99m sestamibi single-photon emission computed tomography-myocardial perfusion imaging (SPECT-MPI) before percutaneous coronary intervention, and again 6 months afterwards. Patients whose baseline viable myocardium in the infarct-related artery territory was more than 50%, 20% to 50%, and less than 20% were divided into Groups 1, 2, and 3 (mildly, moderately, and severely reduced viability, respectively). At follow-up, there was significant improvement in end-diastolic volume, end-systolic volume, and left ventricular ejection fraction in Groups 1 and 2, but not in Group 3. We conclude that even late revascularization of the infarct-related artery yields significant improvement in left ventricular remodeling. In patients with more than 20% viable myocardium in the infarct-related artery territory, the extent of improvement in left ventricular function depends upon the amount of viable myocardium present. The SPECT-MPI can be used as a guide for choosing patients for revascularization.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Myocardial Infarction', 'Myocardial Perfusion Imaging', 'Myocardial Revascularization', 'Patient Selection', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Radiopharmaceuticals', 'Recovery of Function', 'Severity of Illness Index', 'Stroke Volume', 'Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi', 'Time Factors', 'Time-to-Treatment', 'Tissue Survival', 'Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Ventricular Function, Left', 'Ventricular Remodeling']
| 25,120,390
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C14.280.647.500', 'C14.907.585.500', 'C23.550.513.355.750', 'C23.550.717.489.750'], ['E01.370.350.130.875', 'E01.370.350.710.600.500', 'E01.370.370.380.500', 'E01.370.384.730.354.500'], ['E04.100.376.719', 'E04.928.220.520'], ['E05.581.500.653', 'N04.590.731'], ['E05.318.370.800.650', 'N05.715.360.325.700.640', 'N06.850.520.445.800.650'], ['D27.505.259.843', 'D27.505.519.871', 'D27.720.470.410.650'], ['G16.757'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475.456.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.364.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.364.500'], ['E01.370.370.380.150.700', 'G09.330.380.124.882'], ['D02.626.872', 'D02.691.825.937'], ['G01.910.857'], ['E02.760.928', 'N02.421.585.928'], ['G16.920'], ['E01.370.350.350.800.800', 'E01.370.350.600.350.800.800', 'E01.370.350.710.800.800', 'E01.370.350.825.800.800', 'E01.370.384.730.800.800'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['G09.330.955.800'], ['C23.300.985', 'G09.330.955.975']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Mild Epicureanism: notes toward the definition of a therapeutic attitude.
|
Psychotherapists generally feel uncomfortable addressing patients' beliefs, particularly religious beliefs, because of the desire to respect client subjectivity and to avoid the abuse of therapeutic authority. This paper's first contention is that at some junctures, investigation of the client's belief structure can be an important catalyst for change, as exemplified by an extended case example. This stance assumes that much of the individual and collective damage rigid belief systems inflict derives from their function as a defense against death awareness, as described by terror management theory. The paper develops the concept of a therapeutic meta-attitude towards belief mild Epicureanism, related to the classical Greek philosopher Epicurus (341-270 BC). Mild Epicureanism means to soften attachments to all belief systems, even therapeutic theories, to lower their potential inhibition of personal growth. The paper presents the argument that mild Epicureanism is consistent with most therapeutic approaches, and allows addressing clients' belief without interfering with their right to make up their own minds.
|
['Attitude to Death', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Judaism', 'Philosophy', 'Professional-Patient Relations', 'Psychoanalytic Therapy', 'Psychotherapeutic Processes', 'Psychotherapy', 'Religion and Psychology']
| 18,605,130
|
[['F01.100.125', 'N05.300.125'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['K01.844.385'], ['K01.752'], ['F01.829.401.650', 'N05.300.660'], ['F04.754.709'], ['F04.754.720'], ['F04.754'], ['F02.880', 'K01.844.664']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Humanities [K]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
South African teachers' responses to teenage pregnancy and teenage mothers in schools.
|
South African law forbids excluding pregnant teenagers from school and permits young parents to continue with their schooling. However, the existence of progressive policy and law does not by itself ensure that pregnant teenagers and young parents remain in school or experience as little disruption to their studies as possible. Two of the factors influencing the experiences that pregnant girls and young parents have are the attitudes and practices of teachers. We explore how teachers in diverse South African secondary schools respond to young women's pregnancy and parenting. Teachers' responses are situated within a complex set of meanings invoking sexuality (and sexual censure), gender, class and race. We argue that many teachers view teenage pregnancy and parenting as social problems - a domain of sexual shame with negative effects and disruptive to the academic life of the school (including teachers and other learners). Teachers do not monolithically subscribe to such negativity and, in the context of changing policy and gender equality, there are glimmers of hope. Without much support, training or any formal school-based support, many teachers show care and concern for pregnant women and young parents, providing some hope for better experiences of schooling.
|
['Adolescent', 'Attitude', 'Faculty', 'Female', 'Focus Groups', 'Humans', 'Intergenerational Relations', 'Policy Making', 'Pregnancy', 'Pregnancy in Adolescence', 'Schools', 'South Africa', 'Student Dropouts', 'Young Adult']
| 20,665,296
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['F01.100'], ['M01.526.702.250'], ['E05.318.308.112', 'N05.715.360.300.269', 'N06.850.520.308.112'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.829.263.370.110', 'F01.829.401.190'], ['N03.706.742'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['G08.686.784.769.494'], ['I02.783', 'J03.832'], ['Z01.058.290.175.735'], ['F02.784.629.796', 'M01.848.602'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Effect of antibiotics on the properties of poly(methylmethacrylate)-based bone cement.
|
The goal of this study was to examine the relationship between gentamicin concentration in Palacos R bone cement (in the mass fraction range of 0-9.4%) and various properties of the cement. The results from the thermal, density, and static compression tests show that gentamicin favors the cement polymerization in its final steps, and forms a diphasic structure with the cement [poly(methylmethacrylate)] matrix. The static compression properties in the dry state are only slightly modified by the presence of the antibiotic. Concerning aging in water at 37 degrees C, two types of behavior can be distinguished: below a critical concentration, approximately 3-4%, the extraction of gentamicin by water is slow and there is only a slight change of static compression properties. In contrast, above this critical concentration, the gentamicin extraction is fast and almost complete after 48 weeks, and there is a considerable loss of static compression properties.
|
['Anti-Bacterial Agents', 'Biomechanical Phenomena', 'Bone Cements', 'Compressive Strength', 'Gentamicins', 'Humans', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Materials Testing', 'Microscopy, Electron, Scanning', 'Polymethyl Methacrylate']
| 12,418,027
|
[['D27.505.954.122.085'], ['G01.154.090', 'G01.374.089'], ['D05.750.716.822.300', 'D25.720.716.822.300', 'D27.720.102.158', 'J01.637.051.720.716.822.300'], ['G01.374.180'], ['D09.408.051.374'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.481'], ['E05.570'], ['E01.370.350.515.402.541', 'E05.595.402.541'], ['D02.241.081.069.800.550.500', 'D05.750.716.822.111.650.605.500', 'D25.720.716.822.111.650.605.500', 'J01.637.051.720.716.822.111.650.605.500']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Picosecond rotation of small polar fluorophores in the cytosol of sea urchin eggs.
|
A new fluorescence method to measure viscosity in cell cytosol [Fushimi, K., & Verkman, A. S. (1991) J. Cell Biol. 112, 719-725] has been applied to determine fluid-phase viscosity in sea urchin eggs. Freshly harvested eggs from Lytechinus pictus were loaded with the dyes 2,7-bis(2-carboxyethyl)-5-(and-6-)carboxyfluorescein (BCECF), 6-carboxyfluorescein (6CF), fluorescein, or calcein. Fluorescence lifetimes and anisotropy decay were measured in single eggs by multiharmonic, frequency-domain microfluorometry using a 1-2-micron focused laser spot and 25x air objective. In calibration solutions consisting of glycerol in pH 8 buffered sea water, probe lifetime was single exponential and probe rotation was isotropic with a single correlation time which increased linearly with viscosity in the range 1-3.6 cP. In eggs at 22 degrees C, there were single lifetimes (in nanoseconds) of 3.6 (BCECF), 3.4 (6CF), 3.2 (fluorescein), and 3.3 (calcein). Probe rotation in eggs had two components, a fast component (in picoseconds, mean +/- SE, 10-18 eggs) of 568 +/- 39 (BCECF), 311 +/- 21 (6CF), 313 +/- 15 (fluorescein), and 516 +/- 44 (calcein) and a slow component of 10-40 ns. The fractional amplitude of the fast component, corresponding to unbound dye, was 0.72-0.81. Apparent viscosities of fluid-phase cytoplasm (centipoises) given by the four different probes were in good agreement: 2.3 +/- 0.2 (BCECF), 2.1 +/- 0.1 (6CF), 2.5 +/- 0.1 (fluorescein), and 2.3 +/- 0.2 (calcein). The viscosity in cytosol of sea urchin eggs (2.1-2.5 cP) is thus relatively low, yet significantly greater than that of water (1 cP) or cytosol in cultured fibroblasts (1.2-1.4 cP).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
|
['Animals', 'Cytosol', 'Fluoresceins', 'Fluorescent Dyes', 'Kinetics', 'Microscopy, Fluorescence', 'Ovum', 'Sea Urchins', 'Time Factors', 'Viscosity']
| 1,751,500
|
[['B01.050'], ['A11.284.430.214.200', 'A11.284.430.429.200', 'A11.284.835.450.200'], ['D02.455.426.779.347', 'D03.633.300.953.275', 'D04.711.347'], ['D27.720.233.348', 'D27.720.470.410.505.500'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['E01.370.350.515.458', 'E05.595.458'], ['A05.360.490.690', 'A11.497.497', 'A16.690'], ['B01.050.500.408.578'], ['G01.910.857'], ['G02.930']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Degradation of BRCA2 in alkyltransferase-mediated DNA repair and its clinical implications.
|
Germ-line mutations in BRCA2 have been linked to early-onset familial breast cancer. BRCA2 is known to play a key role in repairing double-strand breaks. Here, we describe the involvement of BRCA2 in O6-alkylguanine DNA alkyltransferase (AGT)-mediated repair of O6-methylguanine adducts. We show that BRCA2 physically associates and undergoes repair-mediated degradation with AGT. In contrast, BRCA2 with a 29-amino-acid deletion in an evolutionarily conserved domain does not bind to alkylated AGT; the two proteins are not degraded; and mouse embryonic fibroblasts are specifically sensitive to alkylating agents that result in O6-methylguanine adducts. We show that O6-benzylguanine (O6BG), a nontoxic inhibitor of AGT, can also induce BRCA2 degradation. BRCA2 is a viable target for cancer therapy because BRCA2-deficient cells are hypersensitive to chemotherapeutic DNA-damaging agents. We show a marked effect of O6BG pretreatment on cell sensitivity to cisplatin. We also show the efficacy of this approach on a wide range of human tumor cell lines, which suggests that chemosensitization of tumors by targeted degradation of BRCA2 may be an important consideration when devising cancer therapeutics.
|
['Alkylating Agents', 'Amino Acid Sequence', 'Animals', 'BRCA2 Protein', 'DNA Repair', 'Gene Deletion', 'Guanine', 'Humans', 'Methylnitronitrosoguanidine', 'Mice', 'Mice, Knockout', 'Mice, Transgenic', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'O(6)-Methylguanine-DNA Methyltransferase']
| 19,047,179
|
[['D27.505.519.124', 'D27.888.569.035'], ['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['B01.050'], ['D12.776.313.249', 'D12.776.624.776.101', 'D12.776.660.105'], ['G02.111.222', 'G05.219'], ['G05.365.590.762.320', 'G05.558.800.320'], ['D03.633.100.759.758.399.454'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D02.078.370.649.400', 'D02.654.567.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.136.500.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.455', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800.500'], ['B01.050.050.136.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['D08.811.913.555.500.800.650']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Class specificity and the lexical encoding of participant information.
|
It is commonly assumed across the language sciences that some semantic participant information is lexically encoded and some is not. In this article, we propose that semantic obligatoriness and verb class specificity are criteria which influence whether semantic information is lexically encoded. We present a comprehensive survey of the English verbal lexicon and two continuation studies which confirm that both factors play a role in the lexical encoding of participant information.
|
['Cognition', 'Humans', 'Linguistics', 'Psycholinguistics', 'Semantics', 'Vocabulary']
| 12,081,394
|
[['F02.463.188'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.559.598'], ['F02.694', 'F04.096.586', 'L01.559.598.628'], ['L01.559.598.745'], ['L01.559.598.901']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
HLA Profile of Celiac Disease among First-Degree Relatives from a Tertiary Care Center in North India.
|
OBJECTIVE: To study the prevalence of Celiac disease (CD) in first-degree relatives (FDR) of CD children.METHODS: This observational study was performed in FDR (parents and siblings) of consecutive newly diagnosed cases of CD enrolled from January 2011 through March 2012. Screening for CD in FDR was done using IgA tissue transglutaminase (tTG) levels in serum and the seropositive subset underwent upper gastrointestinal (UGI) endoscopy and biopsy to confirm the disease. In addition, HLA analysis for CD was performed in most of the index cases and FDR.RESULTS: Of 202 FDR of the 64 index cases with CD, 17.3 % (35/202) were seropositive for IgA tTG while confirmed biopsy proven CD was diagnosed in 10.2 % (8/78) of children and 8.1 % (10/124) of adults. HLA DQ2/DQ8 was positive in 96.7 % of the index cases and all FDR with confirmed CD.CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of CD among FDR is 9 fold higher than the general population. High prevalence of CD in presence of anemia and short stature in seropositive FDR in index study indicates need of targeted screening of this subgroup for the presence of CD.CD is unlikely in the absence of HLADQ2/DQ8.
|
['Autoantibodies', 'Celiac Disease', 'Humans', 'Immunoglobulin A', 'India', 'Prevalence', 'Tertiary Care Centers', 'Transglutaminases']
| 27,264,101
|
[['D12.776.124.486.485.114.323', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.323', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.323'], ['C06.405.469.637.250', 'C18.452.603.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.619.026', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.619.026', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.619.026'], ['Z01.252.245.393'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['N02.278.421.830'], ['D08.811.913.050.200.800']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Influence of CA 15-3 blood level and doubling time on diagnostic performances of 18F-FDG PET in breast cancer patients with occult recurrence.
|
AIM: To evaluate the influence of CA 15-3 blood level and doubling time on diagnostic performances of 18F-FDG PET in breast cancer patients with occult recurrence.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-five 18F-FDG PET examinations in 32 patients with CA 15-3 blood level above the normal range, and negative conventional imaging within 3 months before PET examination were included in this retrospective study. PET examinations were reviewed blindly by two experienced nuclear medicine physicians who were unaware of any clinical, biological or radiological information. CA 15-3 assays performed prior to the PET examinations and all using the same technique were collected and used for doubling time calculation if (1) no therapeutic modification occurred in the meantime, and (2) the delay between assays was less than 6 months.RESULTS: Median CA 15-3 blood levels were higher in the positive PET group (100 U x ml(-1)) than in the negative group (65 U x ml(-1)) (P=0.04). The likelihood of depicting recurrence was higher in patients with a short doubling time (<180 days) (P=0.05), a CA 15-3 blood level >60 U x ml(-1) (P=0.05), and when a short doubling time was associated with a CA 15-3 blood level >60 U x ml(-1) (P=0.03).CONCLUSIONS: The likelihood of depicting recurrence was influenced by CA 15-3 blood level and doubling time. Further studies are required to confirm that selections of patients based on those criteria could improve the sensitivity of positron emission tomography in the detection of breast cancer recurrence, particularly in the case of low CA 15-3 blood level.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Biomarkers, Tumor', 'Female', 'Fluorodeoxyglucose F18', 'Humans', 'Image Enhancement', 'Metabolic Clearance Rate', 'Middle Aged', 'Mucin-1', 'Neoplasm Proteins', 'Neoplasm Recurrence, Local', 'Patient Selection', 'Positron-Emission Tomography', 'Radiopharmaceuticals', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Sensitivity and Specificity']
| 17,325,589
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['D23.101.140'], ['D09.254.229.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.600.350', 'L01.224.308.380'], ['E01.370.225.843', 'E05.200.843', 'G03.490', 'G07.690.595', 'G07.690.725.513'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D12.776.395.550.560', 'D12.776.395.560.631.115', 'D12.776.543.550.530', 'D23.050.285.050.300', 'D23.050.550.325.300', 'D23.101.140.075.300'], ['D12.776.624'], ['C04.697.655', 'C23.550.727.655'], ['E05.581.500.653', 'N04.590.731'], ['E01.370.350.350.800.700', 'E01.370.350.600.350.800.399', 'E01.370.350.710.800.399', 'E01.370.350.825.800.399', 'E01.370.384.730.800.399'], ['D27.505.259.843', 'D27.505.519.871', 'D27.720.470.410.650'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Early postoperative serum cystatin C predicts severe acute kidney injury following cardiac surgery: a post-hoc analysis of a randomized controlled trial.
|
OBJECTIVE: Acute kidney injury (AKI) after cardiac surgery procedures is associated with poor patient outcomes. Cystatin C as a marker for renal failure has been shown to be of prognostic value; however, a wide range of its predictive accuracy has been reported. The aim of the study was to evaluate whether the measurement of pre- and postoperative serum cystatin C improves the prediction of AKI.METHODS: In a single-centre, prospective study of 70 patients (74 ± 9 ys; range 47-85 ys; 77% male), cystatin C was measured six times: (T1=preoperative, T2=start cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), T3=20 min after CPB, T4=end of operation; T5=24 h postoperatively; T6=7d postoperatively). Predictive property, in terms of the need for renal replacement therapy (RRT), was analysed by receiver operating characteristics (ROC) statistics and described by the area under the curve (AUC).RESULTS: With respect to RRT (n=8), serum cystatin C was significantly higher at the end of the operation (T4), 24 h postoperatively at T5 and at T6. The AUCs for preoperative T1 and intraoperative T2/3 cystatin C were <0.7 (95% CI, 0.47-0.85). The earliest significant predictive AUCs were found at the end of the operation (T4: p=0.03 95% CI 0.58-0.88 AUC 0.73) and 24 h postoperatively (T5: p=0.003 95% CI 0.74-0.96 AUC 0.85).CONCLUSIONS: Early postoperative serum cystatin C increase appears to be a moderate biomarker in the prediction of AKI, whereas a preoperative and intraoperative cystatin C increase has only a limited diagnostic and predictive value.
|
['Acute Kidney Injury', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Cardiac Surgical Procedures', 'Cystatin C', 'Early Diagnosis', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Immunoassay', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Prospective Studies', 'Time Factors']
| 24,397,879
|
[['C12.777.419.780.050', 'C13.351.968.419.780.050'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['E04.100.376', 'E04.928.220'], ['D12.776.215.300'], ['E01.390'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.478.566', 'E05.601.470'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C23.550.767'], ['E05.318.370.800.650', 'N05.715.360.325.700.640', 'N06.850.520.445.800.650'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Ni adsorption and Ni-Al LDH precipitation in a sandy aquifer: an experimental and mechanistic modeling study.
|
Mining activities and industries have created nickel (Ni) contaminations in many parts of the world. The objective of this study is to increase our understanding of Ni adsorption and Nickel-Aluminium Layered Double Hydroxide (Ni-Al LDH) precipitation to reduce Ni mobility in a sandy soil aquifer. At pH ? 7.2 both adsorption and Ni-Al LDH precipitation occurred. In batch experiments with the sandy soil up to 70% of oxalate-extractable Al was taken up in LDH formation during 56 days. In a long term column experiment 99% of influent Ni was retained at pH 7.5 due to Ni adsorption (? 34%) and Ni-Al LDH precipitation (? 66%) based on mechanistic reactive transport modeling. The subsequent leaching at pH 6.5 could be largely attributed to desorption. Our results show that even in sandy aquifers with relatively low Al content, Ni-Al LDH precipitation is a promising mechanism to immobilize Ni.
|
['Adsorption', 'Aluminum', 'Chemical Precipitation', 'Environmental Restoration and Remediation', 'Geologic Sediments', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Mining', 'Models, Theoretical', 'Nickel', 'Silicon Dioxide', 'Soil Pollutants']
| 21,186,070
|
[['G01.030', 'G02.020'], ['D01.268.557.050', 'D01.552.547.050'], ['E05.196.150', 'G02.159'], ['N06.230.080.600', 'N06.850.460.375'], ['G01.311.330', 'G16.500.320'], ['G02.300'], ['J01.576.655.875.500'], ['E05.599'], ['D01.268.556.607', 'D01.268.956.625', 'D01.552.544.607'], ['D01.578.750', 'D01.650.550.825', 'D01.837.725'], ['D27.888.284.756']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Lubrication regimes in lumbar total disc arthroplasty.
|
A number of total disc arthroplasty devices have been developed. Some concern has been expressed that wear may be a potential failure mode for these devices, as has been seen with hip arthroplasty. The aim of this paper was to investigate the lubrication regimes that occur in lumbar total disc arthroplasty devices. The disc arthroplasty was modelled as a ball-and-socket joint. Elastohydrodynamic lubrication theory was used to calculate the minimum film thickness of the fluid between the bearing surfaces. The lubrication regime was then determined for different material combinations, size of implant, and trunk velocity. Disc arthroplasties with a metal-polymer or metal-metal material combination operate with a boundary lubrication regime. A ceramic-ceramic material combination has the potential to operate with fluid-film lubrication. Disc arthroplasties with a metal-polymer or metal-metal material combination are likely to generate wear debris. In future, it is worth considering a ceramic-ceramic material combination as this is likely to reduce wear.
|
['Arthroplasty', 'Computer Simulation', 'Equipment Failure Analysis', 'Friction', 'Humans', 'Intervertebral Disc', 'Intervertebral Disc Displacement', 'Joint Prosthesis', 'Lubrication', 'Lumbar Vertebrae', 'Models, Biological', 'Motion', 'Prosthesis Design']
| 17,937,201
|
[['E04.555.110', 'E04.680.101'], ['L01.224.160'], ['E05.325.192'], ['G01.374.618'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A02.165.308.410', 'A02.835.232.834.432', 'A10.165.382.350.050'], ['C05.116.900.307', 'C23.300.707.952'], ['E07.695.400'], ['E05.830.583'], ['A02.835.232.834.519'], ['E05.599.395'], ['G01.482'], ['E05.320.550', 'E07.695.680']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Evaluation of plan quality and treatment efficiency for single-isocenter/two-lesion lung stereotactic body radiation therapy.
|
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the plan quality and treatment delivery efficiency of single-isocenter/two-lesions volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) lung stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT).MATERIALS/METHODS: Eight consecutive patients with two peripherally located early stage nonsmall-cell-lung cancer (NSCLC) lung lesions underwent single-isocenter highly conformal noncoplanar VMAT SBRT treatment in our institution. A single-isocenter was placed between the two lesions. Doses were 54 or 50 Gy in 3 and 5 fractions respectively. Patients were treated every other day. Plans were calculated in Eclipse with AcurosXB algorithm and normalized to at least 95% of the planning target volume (PTV) receiving 100% of the prescribed dose. For comparison, two-isocenter plans (isocenter placed centrally in each target) were retrospectively created. Conformity indices (CIs), heterogeneity index (HI), gradient index (GI), gradient distance (GD), and D2cm were calculated. The normal lung V5, V10, V20, mean lung dose (MLD) and other organs at risk (OARs) doses were evaluated. Total number of monitor units (MUs), beam-on time, and patient-specific quality assurance (QA) results were recorded.RESULTS: The mean isocenter to tumor distance was 6.7 ± 2.3 cm. The mean combined PTV was 44.0 ± 23.4 cc. There was no clinically significant difference in CI, HI, GD, GI, D2cm , and V20 including most of the OARs between single-isocenter and two-isocenter lung SBRT plans, evaluated per RTOG guidelines. However, for single-isocenter plans as the distance between the lesions increased, the V5, V10, and MLD increased, marginally. The total number of MUs and beam-on time was reduced by a factor of 1.5 for a single-isocenter plan compared to a two-isocenter plan. The single-isocenter/two-lesions VMAT lung SBRT QA plans demonstrated an accurate dose delivery of 98.1 ± 3.2% for clinical gamma passing rate of 3%/3 mm.CONCLUSION: The SBRT treatment of two peripherally located lung lesions with a centrally placed single-isocenter was dosimetrically equivalent to two-isocenter plans. Faster treatment delivery for single-isocenter treatment can improve patient compliance and reduce the amount of intrafraction motion errors for well-suited patients.
|
['Algorithms', 'Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung', 'Humans', 'Lung Neoplasms', 'Organs at Risk', 'Quality Control', 'Radiometry', 'Radiosurgery', 'Radiotherapy Dosage', 'Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted', 'Radiotherapy, Intensity-Modulated', 'Retrospective Studies']
| 30,548,205
|
[['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['C04.588.894.797.520.109.220.249', 'C08.381.540.140.500', 'C08.785.520.100.220.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.588.894.797.520', 'C08.381.540', 'C08.785.520'], ['A01.635'], ['J01.897.608'], ['E05.799'], ['E02.815.530', 'E04.525.800.650', 'E05.873.500'], ['E02.815.639'], ['E02.950.825', 'L01.313.500.750.100.710.600.608'], ['E02.815.635.700.700', 'L01.313.500.750.100.710.600.550.700'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Non-opsonic attachment of Bordetella bronchiseptica mediated by CD11/CD18 and cell surface carbohydrates.
|
Porcine atrophic rhinitis associated with Bordetella bronchiseptica is characterized by a severe inflammatory response in the mucosa of the nasal turbinates. Initial infiltrates of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) are followed by accumulations of mononuclear cells. In this report, we have investigated the interaction between porcine PMN and B. bronchiseptica. PMN incubated in PBS with a fluorescently labeled hemagglutinating porcine isolate, but not a non-hemagglutinating variant, had high levels of cell-associated fluorescence as determined by flow cytometry. Light microscopy indicated that most cell-associated bacteria were ingested. Transmission electron microscopy confirmed the presence of intracellular bacteria, which were contained within membrane-bound phagosomes. A monoclonal antibody specific for the leukocyte integrin polypeptide CD18 partially inhibited attachment of B. bronchiseptica to normal PMN but not to PMN genetically deficient in CD11/CD18 integrins. Higher levels of inhibition occurred when bacteria and normal PMN were co-incubated in the presence of galactose, N-acetyl-D-galactosamine, N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, mannose and methyl alpha-D-mannopyranoside. D-glucose, L-fucose, alpha-lactose and sialic acid had no inhibitory effect. We conclude that B. bronchiseptica is readily ingested by porcine PMN in the absence of complement and antibody and that internalization is mediated by multiple adhesion mechanisms, including CD18- and carbohydrate-dependent ones.
|
['Animals', 'Bacterial Adhesion', 'Bordetella bronchiseptica', 'CD11 Antigens', 'CD18 Antigens', 'Carbohydrates', 'Cattle', 'Cell Adhesion Molecules', 'Granulocytes', 'Phagocytosis', 'Swine']
| 7,752,879
|
[['B01.050'], ['G06.099.050'], ['B03.440.400.425.115.425.050', 'B03.660.075.090.344.425.050'], ['D12.776.395.550.200.074', 'D12.776.543.550.200.093', 'D23.050.301.350.074'], ['D12.776.395.550.200.275.750', 'D12.776.543.550.200.275.750', 'D12.776.543.750.705.408.200.249', 'D12.776.543.750.705.408.600.100.750', 'D12.776.543.750.705.833.249.750', 'D23.050.301.264.894.118', 'D23.050.301.350.275.750', 'D23.101.100.894.118'], ['D09'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['D12.776.395.550.200', 'D12.776.543.550.200', 'D23.050.301.350'], ['A11.118.637.415', 'A11.148.350', 'A11.627.340', 'A15.145.229.637.415', 'A15.378.316.340', 'A15.382.490.315'], ['G04.417.350', 'G09.188.665', 'G12.450.564.809', 'G12.688'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.880']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
A profiling platform for the characterization of transglutaminase 2 (TG2) inhibitors.
|
Huntington's disease (HD) is associated with increased expression levels and activity of tissue transglutaminase (TG2), an enzyme primarily known for its cross-linking of proteins. To validate TG2 as a therapeutic target for HD in transgenic models and for eventual clinical development, a selective and brain-permeable inhibitor is required. Here, a comprehensive profiling platform of biochemical and cellular assays is presented which has been established to evaluate the potency, cellular efficacy, subtype selectivity and the mechanism-of-action of known and novel TG2 inhibitors. Several classes of inhibitors have been characterized including: the commonly used pseudo-substrate inhibitors, cystamine and putrescine (which are generally nonspecific for TG2 and therefore not practical for drug development), the various peptidic inhibitors that target the active site cysteine residue (which display excellent selectivity but in general have poor cellular activity), and the allosteric reversible small-molecule hydrazides (which show poor selectivity and a lack of cellular activity and could not be improved despite considerable medicinal chemistry efforts). In addition, a set of inhibitors identified from a collection of pharmacologically active compounds was found to be unselective for TG2. Moreover, inhibition at the guanosine triphosphate binding site has been examined, but apart from guanine nucleotides, no such inhibitors have been identified. In addition, the promising pharmacological profile of a TG2 inhibitor is presented which is currently in lead optimization to be developed as a tool compound.
|
['Animals', 'Biological Assay', 'Cell Line', 'Enzyme Inhibitors', 'GTP-Binding Proteins', 'Humans', 'Huntington Disease', 'Mice', 'Molecular Structure', 'Transglutaminases']
| 20,395,409
|
[['B01.050'], ['E05.091'], ['A11.251.210'], ['D27.505.519.389'], ['D08.811.277.040.330.300', 'D12.776.157.325'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C10.228.140.079.545', 'C10.228.140.380.278', 'C10.228.662.262.249.750', 'C10.574.500.497', 'C16.320.400.430', 'F03.615.250.400', 'F03.615.400.390'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['G02.111.570', 'G02.466'], ['D08.811.913.050.200.800']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Microvascular reconstruction of the mandible.
|
Five microvascular reconstructions of the mandible were performed in the past 2 years. One dorsalis pedis osteocutaneous flap was used to reconstruct the alveolar ridge and four groin osteocutaneous flaps were used for various defects of the mandible. Free microvascular bone grafts were found useful in previously irradiated fields, in anterior arch reconstruction, and in patients with massive soft tissue and bone loss.
|
['Adult', 'Bone Transplantation', 'Female', 'Foot', 'Groin', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Mandible', 'Mandibular Injuries', 'Microcirculation', 'Middle Aged', 'Mouth Neoplasms', 'Osteotomy', 'Surgical Flaps', 'Transplantation, Autologous']
| 6,999,926
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E02.095.147.725.052', 'E04.555.130', 'E04.936.580.052'], ['A01.378.610.250'], ['A01.923.047.365'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A02.835.232.781.324.502.632', 'A14.521.632'], ['C10.900.300.284.500.500', 'C26.915.300.425.500.500'], ['G09.330.100.645'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04.588.443.591', 'C07.465.530'], ['E04.555.580'], ['A10.850.710', 'E07.862.710'], ['E04.936.664']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
[Clinical Application of Chromosomal Microarray Analysis in Karyotyping with Uncertain Genomic Rearrangement].
|
OBJECTIVES: To apply chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) in the diagnosis of karyotyping with uncertain genomic rearrangement.METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 48 samples (34 samples of amniotic fluid, 14 samples of peripheral blood) of karyotype analyses with uncertain genomic rearrangement in patients admitted to our department from September 2014 to April 2016. The CMA results were compared with those of karyotyping.RESULTS: The 48 samples consisted of 13 samples with marker chromosomes, 19 samples with derivative chromosomes, and 16 samples with balanced translocation. Sixteen cases (33.33%) were detected with abnormalities by CMA. In the 32 samples with marker chromosomes or derivative chromosomes, 16 cases were detected with deletions or duplications (>5 Mb) by CMA, including 1 case 21-trisomy, 2 cases XYY syndrome and 3 cases microdeletion/ microduplication syndromes (22q11 duplication syndrome, Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome and 15q26 overgrowth syndrome). In the 16 balanced translocation cases, all revealed negative results in CMA.CONCLUSIONS: CMA can confirm the karyotyping with uncertain genomic rearrangement and clarify its clinical significance.
|
['Chromosome Disorders', 'Female', 'Gene Rearrangement', 'Genome, Human', 'Humans', 'Karyotyping', 'Microarray Analysis', 'Pregnancy', 'Prenatal Diagnosis', 'Retrospective Studies']
| 28,616,926
|
[['C16.131.260', 'C16.320.180'], ['G05.344'], ['G05.360.340.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.385.315', 'E05.200.500.385.315', 'E05.242.385.315', 'E05.393.285.475'], ['E05.588.570'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['E01.370.378.630'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Clinical 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy of brain metastases at 1.5T and 3T.
|
PURPOSE: To investigate whether improvements in signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and spectral resolution are found in spectra from patients with brain metastases obtained at higher magnetic field strengths using standard clinical instrumentation.MATERIAL AND METHODS: Six patients with brain metastases, 13 healthy volunteers, and a phantom containing brain metabolites were examined using two clinical MR instruments operating at 1.5T (Siemens) and 3T (Philips) with standard clinical head coils. Spectra were obtained using a point resolved spectroscopy pulse sequence, echo times (TE) 32 ms and 144 ms, and repetition time 2000 ms from a volume-of-interest (VOI) of size 15 x 15 x 15 mm3. SNR and spectral resolution of the metabolites N-acetylaspartate, choline, and creatine compounds in spectra from 3T were compared to the 1.5T spectra.RESULTS: In general, spectral resolution was improved by 25-30% at higher magnetic field strength. Only minor improvements in SNR were obtained at 3T using short echo time and 20-50% at long echo time.CONCLUSION: SNR and spectral resolution were improved at higher magnetic field strength, especially with TE 144 ms, including spectra from patients with heterogeneous brain tumors. However, differences in the defined effective VOI, particularly at short echo time, reduced the expected effect of increased magnetic field strength on the measured SNR.
|
['Adult', 'Aspartic Acid', 'Brain Neoplasms', 'Choline', 'Creatine', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Phantoms, Imaging']
| 16,796,315
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D12.125.067.500', 'D12.125.119.170', 'D12.125.427.040'], ['C04.588.614.250.195', 'C10.228.140.211', 'C10.551.240.250'], ['D02.033.100.291.211', 'D02.092.063.291.211', 'D02.092.877.883.333', 'D02.675.276.232'], ['D02.078.370.280', 'D12.125.373'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.196.867.519'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E07.671']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Dietary long chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids prevent impaired social behaviour and normalize brain dopamine levels in food allergic mice.
|
Allergy is suggested to exacerbate impaired behaviour in children with neurodevelopmental disorders. We have previously shown that food allergy impaired social behaviour in mice. Dietary fatty acid composition may affect both the immune and nervous system. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of n-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LCPUFA) on food allergy-induced impaired social behaviour and associated deficits in prefrontal dopamine (DA) in mice. Mice were fed either control or n-3 LCPUFA-enriched diet before and during sensitization with whey. Social behaviour, acute allergic skin response and serum immunoglobulins were assessed. Monoamine levels were measured in brain and intestine and fatty acid content in brain. N-3 LCPUFA prevented impaired social behaviour of allergic mice. Moreover, n-3 LCPUFA supplementation increased docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) incorporation into the brain and restored reduced levels of prefrontal DA and its metabolites 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, 3-methoxytyramine and homovanillic acid in allergic mice. In addition to these brain effects, n-3 LCPUFA supplementation reduced the allergic skin response and restored decreased intestinal levels of serotonin metabolite 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in allergic mice. N-3 LCPUFA may have beneficial effects on food allergy-induced deficits in social behaviour, either indirectly by reducing the allergic response and restoring intestinal 5-HT signalling, or directly by DHA incorporation into neuronal membranes, affecting the DA system. Therefore, it is of interest to further investigate the relevance of food allergy-enhanced impairments in social behaviour in humans and the potential benefits of dietary n-3 LCPUFA supplementation.
|
['3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid', 'Animals', 'Brain', 'Chymases', 'Diet', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Docosahexaenoic Acids', 'Dopamine', 'Fatty Acids, Unsaturated', 'Food Hypersensitivity', 'Homovanillic Acid', 'Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid', 'Immunoglobulins', 'Intestinal Mucosa', 'Male', 'Mice, Inbred C3H', 'Serotonin', 'Skin Physiological Phenomena', 'Social Behavior']
| 25,445,491
|
[['D02.241.223.601.220'], ['B01.050'], ['A08.186.211'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.760.103', 'D08.811.277.656.959.350.103'], ['G07.203.650.240'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['D10.212.302.380.410.210', 'D10.251.355.337.250', 'D10.627.430.450.375'], ['D02.092.211.215.406', 'D02.092.311.342', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.175.342'], ['D10.251.355'], ['C20.543.480.370'], ['D02.241.223.601.521'], ['D03.066.288.478', 'D03.633.100.473.404.478'], ['D12.776.124.486.485', 'D12.776.124.790.651', 'D12.776.377.715.548'], ['A03.556.124.369', 'A10.615.550.444'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.388', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.388'], ['D02.092.211.215.801.852', 'D03.633.100.473.914.814', 'D23.469.050.650'], ['G13.750'], ['F01.145.813']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Assessment of balsam of Peru patch tests.
|
To find an ideal test technique for as low a dose of balsam of Peru (Myroxylon Pereirae) as possible, subjects testing positive to balsam of Peru are re-tested with a 25% concentration of balsam of Peru in petrolatum. Applications are with Finn Chambers for 6 different application times, and directly by foils for 96 h (4 days (D)). The goals are to confirm which subjects are positive and which are not, and, using that information, to see if it is possible to distinguish between these 2 groups, tested concomitantly at much lower serial dose levels, in terms of perfusion or by visual assessments. 5 different serial doses are applied with strips for 3-96 h (4D) and with foils for 96 h (4D). The Finn Chamber tests allow a distinction between visually positive and negative subjects supported by perfusion assessments. With the foils, a 24x lower serial dose level than with the 25% test substance is sufficient to distinguish between positive and negative subjects in terms of perfusion values. This approach requires readings up to 9 days. With this test, the visual approach yields only 3 of 10 positive subjects. This study demonstrates that a lower test dose is possible with perfusion assessments compared to visual ones.
|
['Adult', 'Allergens', 'Balsams', 'Dermatitis, Allergic Contact', 'Erythema', 'False Positive Reactions', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Laser-Doppler Flowmetry', 'Male', 'Microdialysis', 'Middle Aged', 'Patch Tests', 'Perfusion', 'Pigments, Biological', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Skin']
| 10,871,095
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D23.050.063'], ['D05.750.078.840.219', 'D20.215.721.500.219'], ['C17.800.174.255.100', 'C17.800.815.255.100', 'C20.543.418.150'], ['C17.800.229', 'C23.888.885.328'], ['E01.354.506'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.370.475', 'E05.830.500'], ['E05.196.353.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.370.225.812.871.610', 'E05.200.812.871.610', 'E05.478.594.890.610'], ['E05.680'], ['D23.767'], ['E05.318.370.800.650', 'N05.715.360.325.700.640', 'N06.850.520.445.800.650'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['A17.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Measurement and modeling of ozone and nitrogen oxides produced by laser breakdown in oxygen-nitrogen atmospheres.
|
The production of ozone nad nitrogen oxides was studied during multiple laser breakdown in oxygen-nitrogen mixtures at atmospheric pressure. About 2000 laser shots at 10(10) W cm-2 were delivered into a sealed reaction chamber. The chamber with a long capillary was designed to measure absorption of O3, NO, and NO2 as a function of the number of laser shots. The light source for absorption measurements was the continuum radiation emitted by the plasma during the first 0.2 microsecond of its evolution. A kinetic model was developed that encompassed the principal chemical reactions between the major atmospheric components and the products of laser breakdown. In the model, the laser plasma was treated as a source of nitric oxide and atomic oxygen, whose rates of production were calculated using measured absorption by NO, NO2, and O3. The calculated concentration profiles for NO, NO2, and O3 were in good agreement with measured profiles over a time scale of 0-200 s. The steady-state concentration of ozone was measured in a flow cell in air. For a single breakdown in air, the estimated steady-state yield of ozone was 2 x 10(12) molecules, which agreed with the model prediction. This study can be of importance for general understanding of laser plasma chemistry and for elucidating the nature of spectral interferences and matrix effects that may take place in applied spectrochemical analysis.
|
['Flow Injection Analysis', 'Gases', 'Hot Temperature', 'Lasers', 'Nitrogen', 'Nitrogen Oxides', 'Oxygen', 'Ozone', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Spectrum Analysis']
| 14,658,160
|
[['E05.196.460'], ['D01.362'], ['G01.906.595.543', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710.380', 'G16.500.750.775.710.380', 'N06.230.300.100.725.232', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710.380'], ['E07.632.490', 'E07.710.520'], ['D01.268.604', 'D01.362.625'], ['D01.362.635', 'D01.625.550', 'D01.650.550.587'], ['D01.268.185.550', 'D01.362.670'], ['D01.362.670.600'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['E05.196.867']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Prognosis of patients over 75 years of age with a ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm.
|
Forty-seven patients (34 males and 13 females) over 75 years of age (mean: 79.7 +/- 3.8 SD) suffering from a ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm were operated on between 1977 and 1986. In 16 patients (34%), the aneurysm had been diagnosed previously. Seventeen patients (36%) had a delay of 6 hours or more in the beginning of the treatment and 26 (55%) were in shock preoperatively. The mean diameter of the aneurysms was 8.9 +/- 2.6 cm (SD) and the mean operative bleeding was 8.5 +/- 7.8 (SD) liters. The mean operating time was 220 +/- 96 (SD) minutes. The 1-month mortality was 60% (28 patients) and 63% (12 patients) of survivors had postoperative complications, mostly pneumonia. The 5-year survival rate was 26%. In the analysis of risk factors associated with death, preoperative shock, old age, and a previously diagnosed but untreated abdominal aortic aneurysm were associated with a significantly worse prognosis.
|
['Aged', 'Aorta, Abdominal', 'Aortic Aneurysm', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Rupture, Spontaneous']
| 2,773,505
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['A07.015.114.056.205'], ['C14.907.055.239', 'C14.907.109.139'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C23.300.909']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Infection after pediatric heart transplantation: results of a multiinstitutional study. The Pediatric Heart Transplant Study Group.
|
BACKGROUND: Detailed information regarding the spectrum and predictors of infection after heart transplantation in children is limited because of relatively small numbers of patients at any single institution. We therefore used combined data obtained from the Pediatric Heart Transplant Study Group to gain additional information regarding infectious complications in the pediatric population.METHODS: To determine the time-related risk of infection and death related to infection in a large pediatric patient population, we analyzed data related to 332 pediatric patients (undergoing heart transplantation between January 1, 1993, and December 31, 1994) from 22 institutions in the Pediatric Heart Transplant Study Group.RESULTS: Among the 332 total patients, 276 infections were identified in 136 patients. Of those patients with development of infection, a single infection episode was reported in 54% of patients, 21% had two infections, and 25% had three or more infections. Of the 276 infections, 164 (60%) were bacterial, 51 (18%) were due to cytomegalovirus, 35 (13%) were other viral (noncytomegalovirus) infections, 19 (7%) were fungal, and 7 (2%) were protozoal. Bacterial infections were more common in infants younger than 6 months of age at time of transplantation, comprising 73% of all infections as compared with 49% in patients older than 6 months of age. The incidence of bacterial infection peaked during the first month after transplantation, with the actuarial likelihood of a bacterial infection among all patients reaching 25% at 2 months. The most common sites of bacterial infection were blood and lung (74% of bacterial infections). Cytomegalovirus accounted for 59% of viral infections, with a peak hazard occurring at 2 months after transplantation. Among all infections, cytomegalovirus was less common in infants younger than 6 months of age (8% of all infections) than in older patients (25%). By multivariate analysis, risk factors for early infection included younger recipient age (p = 0.05), mechanical ventilation at time of transplantation (p = 0.0002), positive donor cytomegalovirus serologic study result with negative recipient result (p = 0.004), and longer donor ischemic time (p = 0.04). The overall mortality rate from infection was 5%, with an actuarial freedom from death related to infection of 92% at 1 year after transplantation. The mortality rate was high in patients with fungal infections (52%), yet was low for those with cytomegalovirus infection (6%). Infections accounted for 27% of the overall mortality rate in infants younger than 6 months of age, compared with 16% for older patients.CONCLUSIONS: Although most infections in pediatric heart transplant recipients are successfully treated, infection remains an important cause of posttransplantation morbidity and death, especially in infants. Bacterial infections predominate within the first month after transplantation, whereas the peak hazard for viral infections occurs approximately 2 months after transplantation. Cytomegalovirus infections are common in the pediatric transplant population, but death related to cytomegalovirus is low.
|
['Actuarial Analysis', 'Adolescent', 'Age Factors', 'Bacteremia', 'Bacterial Infections', 'Cause of Death', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Cytomegalovirus Infections', 'Female', 'Forecasting', 'Heart Transplantation', 'Humans', 'Incidence', 'Infant', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Likelihood Functions', 'Lung Diseases', 'Male', 'Multivariate Analysis', 'Mycoses', 'Opportunistic Infections', 'Protozoan Infections', 'Recurrence', 'Respiration, Artificial', 'Risk Factors', 'Survival Rate', 'Time Factors', 'Tissue and Organ Procurement', 'United States', 'Virus Diseases']
| 9,436,132
|
[['E05.318.740.100', 'N05.715.360.750.100', 'N06.850.520.830.100'], ['M01.060.057'], ['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['C01.150.252.100', 'C01.757.100', 'C23.550.470.790.500.100'], ['C01.150.252'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.250', 'N01.224.935.698.100', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.250', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.250'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['C01.925.256.466.245'], ['I01.320'], ['E04.100.376.475', 'E04.928.220.390', 'E04.936.450.475'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.375', 'N01.224.935.597.500', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.375', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.375'], ['M01.060.703'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['E05.318.740.500.475', 'E05.318.740.600.400', 'E05.599.835.500', 'N05.715.360.750.530.450', 'N05.715.360.750.625.450', 'N06.850.520.830.500.475', 'N06.850.520.830.600.400'], ['C08.381'], ['E05.318.740.150.500', 'N05.715.360.750.125.500', 'N06.850.520.830.150.500'], ['C01.150.703'], ['C01.597', 'C01.610.684', 'C01.925.597'], ['C01.610.752'], ['C23.550.291.937'], ['E02.041.625', 'E02.365.647.729', 'E02.880.820'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.900', 'N01.224.935.698.826', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.900', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.900'], ['G01.910.857'], ['N02.421.911'], ['Z01.107.567.875'], ['C01.925']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Spectroscopic and computational studies on the interaction of DNA with pregabalin drug.
|
The interaction of the drug pregabalin (S-3-(aminomethyl)-5-methylhexanoic acid) with CT-DNA was studied by using fluorescence spectroscopy, UV-Vis, CD, molecular docking study and viscometery. The fluorescence and UV absorption spectroscopy indicated that the drug interacted with CT-DNA in a groove binding mode. The binding constant and the number of binding sites were 5.6?10(4)Lmol(-1) and 0.96, respectively. The fluorimetric studies showed that the reaction between the drug and CT-DNA is exothermic (ÄH=33.11kJmol(-1); ÄS=48.84Jmol(-1)K(-1)). Furthermore, the drug does not induce any changes in DNA viscosity. Circular dichroism spectroscopy (CD) was employed to measure the conformational changes of CT-DNA in the presence of the drug, which verified the groove binding mode. The molecular modeling results illustrated that the drug binds to groove of DNA by relative binding energy of docked structure -21.9kJmol(-1).
|
['Animals', 'Cattle', 'Circular Dichroism', 'DNA', 'Electrons', 'Kinetics', 'Molecular Docking Simulation', 'Pregabalin', 'Spectrometry, Fluorescence', 'Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet', 'Viscosity']
| 25,467,655
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['E05.196.867.151'], ['D13.444.308'], ['G01.249.335', 'G01.358.500.750'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['E05.599.595.249', 'L01.224.160.249'], ['D02.241.081.114.500.350.500', 'D12.125.190.350.450'], ['E05.196.712.516.600.676', 'E05.196.867.726'], ['E05.196.712.726.802', 'E05.196.867.826.802'], ['G02.930']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Polymorphic regions affecting human height also control stature in cattle.
|
Orthologous positions of 55 genes associated with height in four human populations were located on the bovine genome. Single nucleotide polymorphisms close to eight of these genes were significantly associated with stature in cattle (Bos taurus and Bos indicus). This suggests that these genes may contribute to controlling stature across mammalian species.
|
['Animals', 'Biometry', 'Body Height', 'Cattle', 'Genome-Wide Association Study', 'Humans', 'Polymorphism, Genetic', 'Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide']
| 21,212,230
|
[['B01.050'], ['E05.318.740.225', 'N06.850.505.200'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.160.100', 'E05.041.124.160.500', 'G07.100.100.160.100', 'G07.345.249.314.100'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['E05.318.370.392', 'E05.318.416.249', 'E05.393.385.500', 'E05.393.522.500', 'E05.393.760.640.500', 'N06.850.520.445.392', 'N06.850.520.470.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G05.365.795'], ['G05.365.795.598']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Store-Operated Ca2+
|
Store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) is an important mechanism of extracellular Ca2+ entry into cells. It has been proved that SOCE is involved in many pathologic and physiological processes. Two key participants of SOCE, stromal interaction molecule1 (STIM1) and Orai1, have been identified. But their function in cardiac fibroblasts remains elusive. In present study, our findings suggested the expression of STIM1 and Orai1 were increased followed by angiotensin II (Ang II) stimulation in vivo and in vitro. In cultured adult rat cardiac fibroblasts, Ang II led to STIM1 interact with Orai1 and Ca2+ release from intracellular calcium store. In addition, the upregulation of fibronectin (FN), connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) and smooth muscle á-actin (á-SMA) induced by Ang II were attenuated by SOCE inhibitor SKF-96365, similar results were observed by knocking down STIM1 and Orai1. Furthermore, we found that silencing Orai1 by RNA interference also suppressed the translocation of Nuclear Factor of Activated T-cells (NFAT) Isoforms NFATc4 and decreased the phosphorylation of Smad2 and Smad3 induced by Ang II. These results unraveled a novel role of SOCE as a key modulator in the Ang II-induced cardiac fibrosis by mediating Ca2+ influx.
|
['Angiotensin II', 'Animals', 'Calcium', 'Calcium Signaling', 'Fibroblasts', 'Fibrosis', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Myocardium', 'ORAI1 Protein', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Stromal Interaction Molecule 1']
| 27,426,917
|
[['D06.472.699.094.078', 'D12.644.400.070.078', 'D12.644.456.073.041', 'D12.644.548.058.078', 'D12.776.631.650.070.078', 'D23.469.050.050.050'], ['B01.050'], ['D01.268.552.100', 'D01.552.539.288', 'D23.119.100'], ['G02.111.820.800.100', 'G03.143.500.100', 'G04.835.800.100'], ['A11.329.228'], ['C23.550.355'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['A02.633.580', 'A07.541.704', 'A10.690.552.750'], ['D12.776.157.530.400.150.740.500', 'D12.776.543.550.450.150.740.500', 'D12.776.543.585.400.150.740.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['D12.776.157.125.806.500', 'D12.776.543.875.500']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Influences of excessive Cu on photosynthesis and growth in ectomycorrhizal Pinus sylvestris seedlings.
|
Growth and photosynthesis responses were measured for Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L. cv.) inoculated with ectomycorrhizal fungi (Suillus bovinus) under 6.5 and 25 mg/L Cu treatments to evaluate ectomycorrhizal seedlings' tolerance to heavy metal stress. Results showed that excessive Cu can significantly impair the growth and photosynthesis of pine seedlings, but such impairment is much smaller to the ectomycorrhizal seedlings. Under 25 mg/L Cu treatment, the dry weight of ectomycorrhizal seedlings is 25% lower than the control in contrary to 53% of the non-mycorrhizal seedlings, and the fresh weight of ectomycorrhizal roots was significantly higher than those of non-mycorrhizal roots, about 25% and 42% higher at 6.5 and 25 mg/L Cu treatments respectively. Furthermore, ectomycorrhizal fungi induced remarkable difference in the growth rate and pigment content of seedlings under excessive Cu stress. At 25 mg/L Cu, the contents of total chlorophyll, chlorophyll-a and chlorophyll-b were 30% higher in ectomycorrhizal plants than those in non-mycorrhizal plants. O2 evolution and electron transport of PSI and PSII were restrained by elevated Cu stress. However, no significant improvement was observed in reducing the physiological restraining in ectomycorrhizal seedlings over the non-mycorrhizal ones.
|
['Chlorophyll', 'Chlorophyll A', 'Copper', 'Mycorrhizae', 'Photosynthesis', 'Pinus', 'Plant Roots', 'Seedlings', 'Soil Pollutants']
| 15,272,714
|
[['D03.383.129.578.840.374', 'D03.633.400.909.374', 'D04.345.783.374'], ['D03.383.129.578.840.374.140', 'D03.633.400.909.374.140', 'D04.345.783.374.140'], ['D01.268.556.195', 'D01.268.956.170', 'D01.552.544.195'], ['A18.400.525', 'A19.690', 'B01.300.655', 'B05.550'], ['G02.111.158.937', 'G02.111.669.700', 'G02.740.921', 'G03.191.937', 'G03.493.700', 'G03.800.700', 'G15.568'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.625.875.777'], ['A18.400'], ['A18.550', 'B01.650.819'], ['D27.888.284.756']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Synovial lymphocyte subsets in rheumatoid arthritis and degenerative joint disease.
|
There is considerable evidence to indicate that the synovitis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is immunologically mediated. Recently, it has been postulated that a suppressor-type cell deficiency may play an important role in the pathogenesis of the synovitis. In addition, an immune component may contribute to the synovial alterations in certain examples of degenerative joint disease (osteoarthritis, OA). Using monoclonal antibodies, we evaluated synovial tissue lymphocytes in 12 patients with RA, 2 with juvenile RA, one with adult Still's disease, and 2 patients with OA synovitis in order to delineate the T cell subset patterns. Helper-type cells predominated in 3 patients with RA, while suppressor-type cells were present in equal or greater numbers in 9. The patients with OA showed helper-type cell predominance. Helper-type to suppressor-type cell ratios vary widely in RA synovia which militates against the primacy of the role of a suppressor-type cell deficiency in this disorder. Patients with OA synovitis may display T cell infiltrates comprised mainly of helper-type cells.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Antibodies, Monoclonal', 'Arthritis, Juvenile', 'Arthritis, Rheumatoid', 'Female', 'HLA-DR Antigens', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Osteoarthritis', 'Synovitis', 'T-Lymphocytes', 'T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer']
| 2,963,911
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224'], ['C05.550.114.122', 'C05.799.056', 'C17.300.775.049', 'C20.111.198'], ['C05.550.114.154', 'C05.799.114', 'C17.300.775.099', 'C20.111.199'], ['D12.776.395.550.509.400.440', 'D12.776.543.550.440.400.440', 'D23.050.301.500.400.400.440', 'D23.050.301.500.450.400.440', 'D23.050.705.552.410.400.440', 'D23.050.705.552.450.400.440'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C05.550.114.606', 'C05.799.613'], ['C05.550.870'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.569', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.550.500.400', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.200.400', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.500.400', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.550.500.400', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.200.400', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.500.400', 'A15.382.490.555.567.550.500.400', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.200.400', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.500.400']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Idiopathic chronic watery diarrhea from excluded rectosigmoid with goblet cell hyperplasia cured by restoration of large bowel continuity.
|
A 73-year-old woman developed abnormal electrolyte and water loss from an excluded rectosigmoid segment after surgical treatment of a volvulus of the sigmoid colon. Rectal discharges lasted almost for a year, until it spontaneously resolved after restoration of large bowel continuity. Despite extensive investigation, including endoscopic, radiologic, microscopic, bacteriologic and parasitic examinations, no satisfactory explanation of the diarrhea could be found. The histologic pattern of the excluded segment showed a striking increase in mucosal thickness and in number and height of goblet cells. These abnormalities disappeared after closure of the colostomy. Electrolyte composition of the rectal fluid, which contained 134 mmol potassium and 22 mmol sodium per liter was remarkable and similar to that of normal stool water and anal discharges of patients with ulcerative proctitis.
|
['Aged', 'Chronic Disease', 'Colon, Sigmoid', 'Diarrhea', 'Feces', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hyperplasia', 'Intestinal Mucosa', 'Intestine, Large', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Potassium', 'Rectum', 'Reoperation', 'Sodium']
| 3,720,472
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['C23.550.291.500'], ['A03.556.124.526.356.668', 'A03.556.249.249.356.668'], ['C23.888.821.214'], ['A12.459'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C23.550.444'], ['A03.556.124.369', 'A10.615.550.444'], ['A03.556.124.526', 'A03.556.249.249'], ['C23.550.767'], ['D01.268.549.550', 'D01.268.557.575', 'D01.552.528.652', 'D01.552.547.650'], ['A03.556.124.526.767', 'A03.556.249.249.767'], ['E04.690'], ['D01.268.549.750', 'D01.268.557.650', 'D01.552.528.850', 'D01.552.547.725']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Reversion of transformed glycolysis to normal by inhibition of protein synthesis in rat kidney cells infected with temperature-sensitive mutant of Rous sarcoma virus.
|
Normal rat kidney cells infected with a temperature-sensitive mutant (LA23) of Rous sarcoma virus exhibit the transformed phenotype when grown at 33 degrees and the normal phenotype at 39 degrees. We have previously shown [Ash, J.F., Vogt, P.K. & Singer, S.J. (1976) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 73, 3603-3607] that the addition of protein synthesis inhibitors to LA23-infected cells grown at 33 degrees causes them to revert, over a period of 12 hr, to the normal phenotype with respect to morphological and cytoskeletal characteristics. We now show that reversion of the metabolic characteristics of the transformed phenotype to those of the normal also occurs under these conditions. LA23-infected cells show an increased rate of aerobic glycolysis at 33 degrees compared to that at 39 degrees. They also show a different sensitivity of that rate to dinitrophenol and oligomycin at 33 degrees compared to 39 degrees. Such cells grown at 33 degrees in the presence of cycloheximide or abrin rapidly recover the aerobic glycolysis characteristics of the normal phenotype. These results support the thesis that transformation by the src gene of the Rous sarcoma virus is a pleiotypic and reversible process, such as is involved in a pleiotypic enzymic modification reaction and its reversal.
|
['Aerobiosis', 'Avian Sarcoma Viruses', 'Cell Transformation, Neoplastic', 'Cell Transformation, Viral', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Dinitrophenols', 'Glycolysis', 'Oligomycins', 'Temperature', 'Time Factors']
| 217,010
|
[['G02.111.017', 'G03.049'], ['B04.613.807.070.120', 'B04.820.650.070.120'], ['C04.697.098.500', 'C23.550.727.098.500'], ['C04.697.098.500.160', 'C23.550.727.098.500.160', 'G06.920.143'], ['A11.251'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.657.566.304', 'D02.640.743.304'], ['G02.111.158.750', 'G03.191.750', 'G03.295.436', 'G03.493.360'], ['D02.540.505.620'], ['G01.906.595', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710', 'G16.500.750.775.710', 'N06.230.150.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Chinese hamster ovary mRNA-dependent, Na(+)-independent L-leucine transport in Xenopus laevis oocytes.
|
In freshly prepared uninjected folliculated oocytes, Na(+)-independent leucine uptake is mediated predominantly by a system L-like transport system. Removal of follicular cells, however, results in an irreversible loss of this transport activity. When total poly(A)+ mRNA derived from Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells was injected into prophase-arrested stage V or VI Xenopus laevis oocytes, enhanced expression of Na(+)-independent leucine transport was observed. The injected mRNAs associated with increased levels of leucine uptake were between 2 and 3 kb in length. The newly expressed leucine transport activity exhibited important differences from the known characteristics of system L, which is the dominant Na(+)-independent leucine transporter in CHO cells as well as in freshly isolated folliculated oocytes. The CHO mRNA-dependent leucine uptake in oocytes was highly sensitive to the cationic amino acids lysine, arginine, and and ornithine (> 95% inhibition). As with the leucine uptake, an enhanced lysine uptake was also observed in size-fractionated CHO mRNA-injected oocytes. The uptakes of leucine and lysine were mutually inhibitable, suggesting that the newly expressed transporter was responsible for uptakes of both leucine and lysine. The inhibition of uptake of lysine by leucine was Na+ independent, thus clearly distinguishing it from the previously reported endogenous system y+ activity. Furthermore, the high sensitivity to tryptophan of the CHO mRNA-dependent leucine transport was in sharp contrast to the properties of the recently cloned leucine transport-associated gene from rat kidney tissue, although leucine transport from both sources was sensitive to cationic amino acids. Our results suggest that there may be a family of leucine transporters operative in different tissues and possibly under different conditions.
|
['Animals', 'Binding, Competitive', 'Biological Transport', 'CHO Cells', 'Cricetinae', 'Female', 'Kinetics', 'Leucine', 'Microinjections', 'Oocytes', 'Poly A', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Sodium', 'Substrate Specificity', 'Xenopus laevis']
| 1,360,143
|
[['B01.050'], ['E05.196.080', 'G02.111.084', 'G02.111.570.120.309'], ['G03.143'], ['A11.251.210.200', 'A11.436.155'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.075.250'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['D12.125.070.637', 'D12.125.142.441'], ['E02.319.267.530.690', 'E05.591.570'], ['A05.360.490.690.680', 'A11.497.497.600'], ['D13.695.578.550.500'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['D01.268.549.750', 'D01.268.557.650', 'D01.552.528.850', 'D01.552.547.725'], ['G02.111.835'], ['B01.050.150.900.090.180.610.500.562']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Synchronization dynamics of two coupled neural oscillators receiving shared and unshared noisy stimuli.
|
The response of neurons to external stimuli greatly depends on the intrinsic dynamics of the network. Here, the intrinsic dynamics are modeled as coupling and the external input is modeled as shared and unshared noise. We assume the neurons are repetitively firing action potentials (i.e., neural oscillators), are weakly and identically coupled, and the external noise is weak. Shared noise can induce bistability between the synchronous and anti-phase states even though the anti-phase state is the only stable state in the absence of noise. We study the Fokker-Planck equation of the system and perform an asymptotic reduction rho(0). The rho(0) solution is more computationally efficient than both the Monte Carlo simulations and the 2D Fokker-Planck solver, and agrees remarkably well with the full system with weak noise and weak coupling. With moderate noise and coupling, rho(0) is still qualitatively correct despite the small noise and coupling assumption in the asymptotic reduction. Our phase model accurately predicts the behavior of a realistic synaptically coupled Morris-Lecar system.
|
['Action Potentials', 'Algorithms', 'Computer Simulation', 'Monte Carlo Method', 'Nerve Net', 'Neural Networks, Computer', 'Neurons', 'Periodicity', 'Signal Transduction']
| 19,034,640
|
[['G04.580.100', 'G07.265.675.100', 'G11.561.570.100'], ['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['L01.224.160'], ['E05.318.740.525', 'L01.906.394.422', 'N05.715.360.750.540', 'N06.850.520.830.525'], ['A08.511'], ['G17.485', 'L01.224.050.375.605'], ['A08.675', 'A11.671'], ['G01.910.645', 'G07.180.562'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Expression patterns of ABA and GA metabolism genes and hormone levels during rice seed development and imbibition: a comparison of dormant and non-dormant rice cultivars.
|
Seed dormancy is an important agronomic trait in cereals. Using deep dormant (N22), medium dormant (ZH11), and non-dormant (G46B) rice cultivars, we correlated seed dormancy phenotypes with abscisic acid (ABA) and gibberellin (GA) metabolism gene expression profiles and phytohormone levels during seed development and imbibition. A time course analysis of ABA and GA content during seed development showed that N22 had a high ABA level at early and middle seed developmental stages, while at late developmental stage it declined to the level of ZH11; however, its ABA/GA ratio maintained at a high level throughout seed development. By contrast, G46B had the lowest ABA content during seed development though at early developmental stage its ABA level was close to that of ZH11, and its ABA/GA ratio peaked at late developmental stage that was at the same level of ZH11. Compared with N22 and G46B, ZH11 had an even and medium ABA level during seed development and its ABA/GA ratio peaked at the middle developmental stage. Moreover, the seed development time-point having high ABA/GA ratio also had relatively high transcript levels for key genes in ABA and GA metabolism pathways across three cultivars. These indicated that the embryo-imposed dormancy has been induced before the late developmental stage and is determined by ABA/GA ratio. A similar analysis during seed imbibition showed that ABA was synthesized in different degrees for the three cultivars. In addition, water uptake assay for intact mature seeds suggested that water could permeate through husk barrier into seed embryo for all three cultivars; however, all three cultivars showed distinct colors by vanillin-staining indicative of the existence of flavans in their husks, which are dormancy inhibition compounds responsible for the husk-imposed dormancy.
|
['Abscisic Acid', 'Gibberellins', 'Hormones', 'Oryza', 'Plant Dormancy', 'Plant Proteins', 'Seeds', 'Transcriptome']
| 24,976,122
|
[['D02.241.223.268.034', 'D02.455.326.271.665.202.061', 'D02.455.426.392.368.367.379.249.024', 'D02.455.849.131.061', 'D02.455.849.765.521.500'], ['D02.455.849.291.239.500'], ['D06.472', 'D27.505.696.399.472'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.822.616'], ['G07.345.625.875', 'G15.357.500'], ['D12.776.765'], ['A18.024.500.750', 'G07.203.300.775', 'J02.500.775'], ['G02.111.873.750', 'G05.297.700.750', 'G05.360.920']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Biospecific chromatography of acid proteinases. The role of ionic and hydrophobic interactions].
|
Pepsin chromatography was studied on peptide ligand sorbents, differing in the length of the polypeptide chains, ionogenic groups and the nature of hydrophobic side groups. Pepsin sorption was found to be dependent of a specific interaction of the substrate analogs with the enzyme and ionic interactions with the matrix and ionogenic groups of the ligand. Non-specific hydrophobic interactions of the enzyme and the ligand have little effect on the sorption. Efficient methods for the isolation of pepsin and separation of the mixture of bovine chymosin and pepsin are described.
|
['Animals', 'Cattle', 'Chromatography, Affinity', 'Chymosin', 'Ligands', 'Pepsin A', 'Peptides']
| 798,606
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['E05.196.181.400.170'], ['D08.811.277.656.074.500.200', 'D08.811.277.656.300.048.200'], ['D27.720.470.480'], ['D08.811.277.656.074.500.700', 'D08.811.277.656.300.048.700'], ['D12.644']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Mixed modes of surface polaritons in a PML-type magnetoelectric multiferroic with canted spins.
|
We present a theoretical discussion of surface polaritons on a ferroelectric-antiferromagnet with magnetoelectric coupling which allows the magnetic subsystem to be canted. Canting of the antiferromagnet results in weak ferromagnetism. The surface polaritons for a semi-infinite film are calculated for a propagation parallel to the uniaxial easy axis, leading to mixed modes. A superposition of two plane waves is needed to generate mixed surface modes. We find two branches, one near the magnon resonance frequency and the other near the phonon resonance frequency. We also find that the surface modes are non-reciprocal due to magnetoelectric interaction, such that ù(k) ? ù(-k), where ù is the frequency and k is the propagation vector.
|
['Computer Simulation', 'Magnetic Fields', 'Models, Chemical', 'Spin Labels']
| 22,987,867
|
[['L01.224.160'], ['G01.358.750'], ['E05.599.495'], ['D02.389.678']]
|
['Information Science [L]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Ultrasonographic diagnosis of choledocholithiasis].
|
In recent years various authors have shown more than a threefold increase in us diagnosis of choledocholithiasis. To verify this premise, we examined prospectively with ultrasound, from January, 1987, to December 1990, 107 cases, all confirmed by subsequent intraoperative cholangiography. The ultrasound diagnosis was positive in 55 cases (51,5%), negative in 52, and the percentage of positivity was higher in prepared patients (59%) than in the emergency ones. Of the 55 positive cases, 54 showed common bile duct dilatation (more than 6 mm.), and only 1 had a normal diameter. Also our results show a marked improvement of ultrasound sensitivity in this kind of diagnosis, in comparison with previous series, depending on the continuous improvement in technology. Anyway some limiting factors remain, such as sonologist experience, poor patient intestinal preparation, absence of common bile duct dilatation.
|
['Cholangiography', 'Evaluation Studies as Topic', 'Gallstones', 'Humans', 'Prospective Studies', 'Ultrasonography']
| 2,152,035
|
[['E01.370.350.700.715.200', 'E01.370.372.200'], ['E05.337', 'N05.715.360.335'], ['C06.130.409.633', 'C06.130.564.332.500', 'C23.300.175.525'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E01.370.350.850']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
The effect of beta-blockade on glucose tolerance and insulin release in adult diabetes.
|
Blood glucose and plasma insulin levels were studied in ten adult diabetics treated in a cross-over fashion for at least three weeks with alprenolol, a non-selective beta-blocker, or with metoprolol, a cardioselective beta 1-blocker. Dietary intake was controlled three days prior to the study which comprised both i.v. and oral glucose tolerance tests. Mean fasting blood glucose levels were significantly higher on alprenolol than on metoprolol. The increase in fasting blood glucose was particularly pronounced in two patients. In these subjects the glucose tolerance following both an i.v. and an oral glucose load was reduced when treatment was switched from metoprolol to alprenolol. Lower plasma insulin levels in response to glucose were also found in these patients on alprenolol than on metoprolol. The mean insulin levels for all ten patients did not differ significantly between the two treatment periods. These data show that treatment with a non-selective beta-blocker can in some patients cause a considerable deterioration of the glucose tolerance, presumably due to inhibition of insulin release.
|
['Administration, Oral', 'Aged', 'Alprenolol', 'Blood Glucose', 'Diabetes Mellitus', 'Diet, Diabetic', 'Female', 'Glucose Tolerance Test', 'Humans', 'Injections, Intravenous', 'Insulin', 'Insulin Secretion', 'Male', 'Metoprolol', 'Middle Aged', 'Propanolamines']
| 7,001,862
|
[['E02.319.267.100'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D02.033.100.624.698.055', 'D02.033.755.624.698.055', 'D02.092.063.624.698.055'], ['D09.947.875.359.448.500'], ['C18.452.394.750', 'C19.246'], ['E02.642.249.240', 'G07.203.650.240.240'], ['E01.370.225.124.100.355', 'E01.370.374.355', 'E05.200.124.100.355'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.319.267.082.750', 'E02.319.267.530.540'], ['D06.472.699.587.200.500.625', 'D12.644.548.586.200.500.625'], ['G03.442', 'G07.475'], ['D02.033.100.624.698.573', 'D02.033.755.624.698.573', 'D02.092.063.624.698.573'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D02.033.100.624', 'D02.033.755.624', 'D02.092.063.624']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
The poorly coping COPD patient: a psychotherapeutic perspective.
|
An etiology of maladaptive coping in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease is proposed and a model for psychotherapeutic intervention with poorly coping COPD patients is presented. Failure in mourning, manifested by a lack of shift in patient's expectations and goals leads to: 1) difficulty in accepting illness related feelings of loss; 2) chronic anxiety; 3) attribution of responsibility for feelings and behavior to external factors; and 4) poor compliance with medical regime. Recommendations for establishing a therapeutic alliance with the poorly coping patient are discussed. Psychotherapeutic intervention aims at: 1) facilitating acceptance of losses and restructuring of life goals; 2) interrupting the cycle of alienation and social withdrawal; and 3) increasing patient's control over affective arousal and respiratory functioning. Utilization of supportive individual psychotherapy, family or marital therapy, and specific behavioral techniques is discussed. Family or marital therapy is seen as the treatment of choice. The psychotherapeutic model proposed is useful in promoting more adaptive coping in the COPD patient.
|
['Adaptation, Psychological', 'Behavior Therapy', 'Family Therapy', 'Grief', 'Humans', 'Lung Diseases, Obstructive', 'Psychotherapy']
| 7,263,134
|
[['F01.058'], ['F04.754.137'], ['F04.754.864.581.273'], ['F01.470.142.110'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C08.381.495'], ['F04.754']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Effect of Sodium Alginate Type on Drug Release from Chitosan-Sodium Alginate-Based In Situ Film-Forming Tablets.
|
Natural polymers are promising as the carrier of matrix-based sustained release tablets but limited by their diversity in source and structure properties. Our previous studies found that chitosan (CS)- and alginate (SA)-based tablets can form self-assembled polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) film on the surface, which controlled drug release with a novel mechanism. To elucidate whether PEC-based sustained drug delivery system could weaken the influence of single-matrix material diversity on drug release behavior, taking theophylline as a drug model, the effect of SA structure properties, including viscosity, G/M ratio, SA salt type, and degree of esterification on drug release profiles, swelling, and erosion of CS-SA composite system was investigated. The results showed that the viscosity, G content, salt type, and esterification degree of SA had a remarkable influence on drug release when SA alone was used as a matrix, but little effect of these parameters on drug release was observed in CS-SA combination system. SA of low viscosity is superior in controlling drug release from CS-SA combination system. Potassium, magnesium salt of SA, and esterified SA can help form PEC of higher thickness with different swelling and erosion extent. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that drug release diversity due to SA structure difference can be well eradicated by using CS-SA combination system, which is a promising strategy to manufacture natural polymer-based products with constant quality.
|
['Alginates', 'Chitosan', 'Drug Delivery Systems', 'Drug Liberation', 'Tablets', 'Theophylline', 'Viscosity']
| 31,907,709
|
[['D09.698.068'], ['D05.750.078.139.500', 'D09.698.211.500'], ['E02.319.300'], ['G02.211', 'G03.787.321', 'G07.690.725.321'], ['D26.255.830'], ['D03.132.960.751', 'D03.633.100.759.758.824.751'], ['G02.930']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
AKT/TSC2/p70S6K signaling pathway is involved in quinocetone-induced death-promoting autophagy in HepG2 cells.
|
Quinocetone (QCT, 3-methyl-2-quinoxalin benzenevinylketo-1, 4-dioxide) is widely used as a veterinary drug and animal feed additive in China. Although it promotes growth and improves feed efficiency, QCT's in vitro and in vivo toxicities remain uncertain. This study was conducted to explore the mechanism of QCT-induced autophagy in HepG2 cells. By the results obtained from monodansylcadaverine (MDC) staining, ultrastructural observation by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), as well as Western blotting analysis for LC3, p62, and Beclin-1, it was demonstrated that QCT induced autophagy in HepG2 cells. Furthermore, PI3K/AKT inhibitor significantly enhanced QCT-induced autophagy, while TSC2 knockdown attenuated this process. In addition, inhibition of autophagy by pharmacological approach remarkably increased the viability of QCT-treated cells detected by MTT assay, suggesting that QCT-triggered autophagy may play as a promotion mechanism for cell death. Meanwhile, apoptosis was markedly downregulated after autophagy blockage, and evaluated by flow cytometry and Western blotting analysis for caspase-3 cleavage. Consequently, these results suggested that QCT-induced autophagy was mediated by AKT/TSC2/p70S6K signaling pathway, and inhibition of autophagy promoted QCT-treated cell survival by attenuating apoptosis.
|
['Anti-Bacterial Agents', 'Apoptosis', 'Autophagy', 'Blotting, Western', 'Cell Survival', 'Epithelial Cells', 'Flow Cytometry', 'Gene Knockdown Techniques', 'Hep G2 Cells', 'Hepatocytes', 'Humans', 'Microscopy, Electron, Transmission', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt', 'Quinoxalines', 'Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 70-kDa', 'Signal Transduction', 'Tuberous Sclerosis Complex 2 Protein', 'Tumor Suppressor Proteins']
| 27,098,396
|
[['D27.505.954.122.085'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['G04.011'], ['E05.196.401.143', 'E05.301.300.096', 'E05.478.566.320.200', 'E05.601.262', 'E05.601.470.320.200'], ['G04.346'], ['A11.436'], ['E01.370.225.500.363.342', 'E01.370.225.500.386.350', 'E05.196.712.516.600.240.350', 'E05.200.500.363.342', 'E05.200.500.386.350', 'E05.242.363.342', 'E05.242.386.350'], ['E05.393.335.500'], ['A11.251.860.180.432', 'A11.436.348.500'], ['A11.436.348'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.515.402.580', 'E05.595.402.580'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.755', 'D12.776.476.565', 'D12.776.624.664.700.168'], ['D03.633.100.857'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.862.249', 'D12.644.360.600.249', 'D12.776.476.600.249'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['D12.644.360.938', 'D12.776.476.935', 'D12.776.624.776.769'], ['D12.776.624.776']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Generation of synthetic data and experimental designs in evaluating interactions for association studies.
|
Complex diseases, by definition, involve multiple factors, including gene-gene interactions and gene-environment interactions. Researchers commonly rely on simulated data to evaluate their approaches for detecting high-order interactions in disease gene mapping. A publicly available simulation program to generate samples involving complex genetic and environmental interactions is of great interest to the community. We have developed a software package named gs1.0, which has been widely used since its publication. In this article, we present an upgraded version gs2.0, which not only inherits its capacity to generate realistic genotype data but also provides great functionality and flexibility to simulate various interaction models. In addition to a standalone version, a user-friendly web server (http://cbc.case.edu/gs) has been set up to help users to build complex interaction models. Furthermore, by utilizing three three-locus models as an example, we have shown how realistic model parameters can be chosen in generating simulated data.
|
['Algorithms', 'Databases, Factual', 'Gene-Environment Interaction', 'Genotype', 'Research Design', 'Software']
| 22,809,306
|
[['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['L01.313.500.750.300.188.400', 'L01.470.750.750'], ['G05.695.337'], ['G05.380'], ['E05.581.500', 'H01.770.644.728'], ['L01.224.900']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Role of macrophage-stimulating protein and its receptor, RON tyrosine kinase, in ciliary motility.
|
Macrophage-stimulating protein (MSP) is an 80-kD serum protein with homology to hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). Its receptor, RON tyrosine kinase, is a new member of the HGF receptor family. The MSP-RON signaling pathway has been implicated in the functional regulation of mononuclear phagocytes. However, the function of this pathway in other types of cells has not been elucidated. Here we show that in contrast to the HGF receptor, which was expressed at the basolateral surface, RON was localized at the apical surface of ciliated epithelia in the airways and oviduct. In addition, MSP was found in the bronchoalveolar space at biologically significant concentrations. MSP bound to RON on normal human bronchial epithelial cells with a high affinity (Kd = 0.5 nM) and induced autophosphorylation of RON. Activation of RON by MSP led to a significant increase in ciliary beat frequency of human nasal cilia. These findings indicate that the ciliated epithelium of the mucociliary transport apparatus is a novel target of MSP. Ciliary motility is critical for mucociliary transport. Our findings suggest that the MSP-RON signaling pathway is a novel regulatory system of mucociliary function and might be involved in the host defense and fertilization.
|
['Animals', 'Bronchi', 'Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid', 'Cilia', 'Epithelium', 'Fallopian Tubes', 'Female', 'Growth Substances', 'Hepatocyte Growth Factor', 'Humans', 'Macrophages, Alveolar', 'Nasal Cavity', 'Organ Specificity', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins', 'Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases', 'Receptors, Cell Surface']
| 9,045,873
|
[['B01.050'], ['A04.411.125'], ['E05.927.100.500'], ['A11.284.180.165'], ['A10.272'], ['A05.360.319.114.373', 'A13.706.500'], ['D27.505.696.377'], ['D12.644.276.374.420', 'D12.776.467.374.420', 'D23.529.374.420'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A11.329.372.600', 'A11.627.482.600', 'A11.733.397.600', 'A15.382.670.522.600', 'A15.382.680.397.600'], ['A04.531.449'], ['G07.650'], ['D12.776.624.664.700'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.400', 'D12.776.543.750.630'], ['D12.776.543.750']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Schizosaccharomyces pombe pac2+ controls the onset of sexual development via a pathway independent of the cAMP cascade.
|
The Schizosaccharomyces pombe pac2 gene encodes a protein of 235 amino acids not similar to any protein of known function. Cells over-expressing pac2 were poor in mating and sporulation. Expression of ste11, which encodes a key transcription factor for sexual development, was not inducible by nitrogen starvation in these cells. Cells defective in pac2 could express ste11 and enter sexual development under incomplete starvation conditions. Although expression of ste11 is regulated primarily by the cAMP cascade, genetic analysis indicated that this cascade and pac2 can partially compensate for each other in the regulation of sexual development, and that neither of them is epistatic over the other. Thus, Pac2 appears to control ste11 expression via a signaling pathway independent of the cAMP cascade.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Base Sequence', 'Cyclic AMP', 'DNA, Complementary', 'DNA, Fungal', 'Fungal Proteins', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Phenotype', 'Schizosaccharomyces', 'Schizosaccharomyces pombe Proteins', 'Transcription Factors']
| 8,536,311
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['D03.633.100.759.646.138.395', 'D13.695.462.200', 'D13.695.667.138.395', 'D13.695.827.068.395'], ['D13.444.308.497.220', 'D13.444.600.223.500', 'D27.720.470.530.600.223.260'], ['D13.444.308.300'], ['D12.776.354'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G05.695'], ['B01.300.107.797', 'B01.300.930.720'], ['D12.776.354.875'], ['D12.776.930']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Seven-senescence-associated gene signature predicts overall survival for Asian patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.
|
BACKGROUND: Cellular senescence is a recognized barrier for progression of chronic liver diseases to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The expression of a cluster of genes is altered in response to environmental factors during senescence. However, it is questionable whether these genes could serve as biomarkers for HCC patients.AIM: To develop a signature of senescence-associated genes (SAGs) that predicts patients' overall survival (OS) to improve prognosis prediction of HCC.METHODS: SAGs were identified using two senescent cell models. Univariate COX regression analysis was performed to screen the candidate genes significantly associated with OS of HCC in a discovery cohort (GSE14520) for the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator modelling. Prognostic value of this seven-gene signature was evaluated using two independent cohorts retrieved from the GEO (GSE14520) and the Cancer Genome Atlas datasets, respectively. Time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was conducted to compare the predictive accuracy of the seven-SAG signature and serum á-fetoprotein (AFP).RESULTS: A total of 42 SAGs were screened and seven of them, including KIF18B, CEP55, CIT, MCM7, CDC45, EZH2, and MCM5, were used to construct a prognostic formula. All seven genes were significantly downregulated in senescent cells and upregulated in HCC tissues. Survival analysis indicated that our seven-SAG signature was strongly associated with OS, especially in Asian populations, both in discovery and validation cohorts. Moreover, time-dependent ROC curve analysis suggested the seven-gene signature had a better predictive accuracy than serum AFP in predicting HCC patients' 1-, 3-, and 5-year OS.CONCLUSION: We developed a seven-SAG signature, which could predict OS of Asian HCC patients. This risk model provides new clinical evidence for the accurate diagnosis and targeted treatment of HCC.
|
['Asian Continental Ancestry Group', 'Biomarkers, Tumor', 'Carcinoma, Hepatocellular', 'Cellular Senescence', 'Datasets as Topic', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Gene Expression Profiling', 'Humans', 'Kaplan-Meier Estimate', 'Liver', 'Liver Neoplasms', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Models, Biological', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Prognosis', 'ROC Curve', 'Risk Assessment']
| 31,011,256
|
[['M01.686.508.200'], ['D23.101.140'], ['C04.557.470.200.025.255', 'C04.588.274.623.160', 'C06.301.623.160', 'C06.552.697.160'], ['G04.043'], ['E05.318.308.056', 'L01.313.500.750.300.188.400.500', 'L01.399.250.224', 'L01.470.750.750.431', 'N05.715.360.300.224', 'N06.850.520.308.056'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['E05.393.332'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.740.998.650', 'N05.715.360.750.795.650', 'N06.850.520.830.998.650'], ['A03.620'], ['C04.588.274.623', 'C06.301.623', 'C06.552.697'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.599.395'], ['E05.318.370.800.650', 'N05.715.360.325.700.640', 'N06.850.520.445.800.650'], ['E01.789'], ['E05.318.370.800.750', 'E05.318.740.872.750', 'N05.715.360.325.700.680', 'N06.850.520.445.800.750'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.715', 'N04.452.871.715', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.690', 'N06.850.505.715', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.715']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Predictors of spontaneous viral clearance and outcomes of acute hepatitis C infection.
|
BACKGROUND/AIMS: This study evaluated the predictors of spontaneous viral clearance (SVC), as defined by two consecutive undetectable hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA tests performed ? 12 weeks apart, and the outcomes of acute hepatitis C (AHC) demonstrating SVC or treatment-induced viral clearance.METHODS: Thirty-two patients with AHC were followed for 12-16 weeks without administering antiviral therapy.RESULTS: HCV RNA was undetectable at least once in 14 of the 32 patients. SVC occurred in 12 patients (37.5%), among whom relapse occurred in 4. SVC was exhibited in 8 of the 11 patients exhibiting undetectable HCV RNA within 12 weeks. HCV RNA reappeared in three patients (including two patients with SVC) exhibiting undetectable HCV RNA after 12 weeks. SVC was more frequent in patients with low viremia than in those with high viremia (55.6% vs. 14.3%; P=0.02), and in patients with HCV genotype non-1b than in those with HCV genotype 1b (57.1% vs. 22.2%; P=0.04). SVC was more common in patients with a ? 2 log reduction of HCV RNA at 4 weeks than in those with a smaller reduction (90% vs. 9.1%, P<0.001). A sustained viral response was achieved in all patients (n=18) receiving antiviral therapy.CONCLUSIONS: Baseline levels of HCV RNA and genotype non-1b were independent predictors for SVC. A ? 2 log reduction of HCV RNA at 4 weeks was a follow-up predictor for SVC. Undetectable HCV RNA occurring after 12 weeks was not sustained. All patients receiving antiviral therapy achieved a sustained viral response. Antiviral therapy should be initiated in patients with detectable HCV RNA at 12 weeks after the diagnosis.
|
['Acute Disease', 'Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Antiviral Agents', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Female', 'Genotype', 'Hepacivirus', 'Hepatitis C', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'RNA, Viral', 'Recurrence', 'Remission, Spontaneous', 'Young Adult']
| 25,548,743
|
[['C23.550.291.125'], ['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D27.505.954.122.388'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['G05.380'], ['B04.450.380', 'B04.820.578.344.475'], ['C01.221.250.750', 'C01.925.440.440', 'C01.925.782.350.350', 'C06.552.380.705.440'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D13.444.735.828'], ['C23.550.291.937'], ['C23.550.291.656.700', 'G16.767'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Overriding parents' medical decisions for their children: a systematic review of normative literature.
|
This paper reviews the ethical literature on conflicts between health professionals and parents about medical decision-making for children. We present the results of a systematic review which addressed the question 'when health professionals and parents disagree about the appropriate course of medical treatment for a child,under what circumstances is the health professional ethically justified in overriding the parents' wishes?’ We identified nine different ethical frameworks that were put forward by their authors as applicable across various ages and clinical scenarios. Each of these frameworks centred on a different key moral concept including harm,constrained parental autonomy, best interests, medically reasonable alternatives, responsible thinking and rationality.
|
['Adult', 'Child', 'Conflict, Psychological', 'Decision Making', 'Ethics, Clinical', 'Harm Reduction', 'Humans', 'Jurisprudence', 'Parental Consent', 'Personal Autonomy', 'Review Literature as Topic']
| 23,824,967
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.406'], ['F01.658.209'], ['F02.463.785.373'], ['K01.752.566.479.045.500', 'K01.752.566.479.171.132', 'N05.350.200.500', 'N05.350.340.162'], ['F01.145.477'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['I01.880.604.583', 'N03.706.535'], ['I01.880.604.583.427.635.500', 'N03.706.535.489.635.500'], ['F02.600', 'I01.880.604.473.380.500', 'K01.752.566.479.830.650', 'N03.706.437.380.500', 'N05.350.958.650'], ['L01.178.682.759']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Host age, sex, and reproductive seasonality affect nematode parasitism in wild Japanese macaques.
|
Parasites are characteristically aggregated within hosts, but identifying the mechanisms underlying such aggregation can be difficult in wildlife populations. We examined the influence of host age and sex over an annual cycle on the eggs per gram of feces (EPG) of nematode parasites infecting wild Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata yakui) on Yakushima Island. Five species of nematode were recorded from 434 fecal samples collected from an age-structured group of 50 individually recognizable macaques. All parasites exhibited aggregated EPG distributions. The age-infection profiles of all three directly transmitted species (Oesophagostomum aculeatum, Strongyloides fuelleborni, and Trichuris trichiura) exhibited convex curves, but concavity better characterized the age-infection curves of the two trophically transmitted species (Streptopharagus pigmentatus and Gongylonema pulchrum). There was a male bias in EPG and prevalence of infection with directly transmitted species, except in the prevalence of O. aculeatum, and no sex bias in the other parasites. Infection with O. aculeatum showed a female bias in prevalence among young adults, and additional interactions with sex and seasonality show higher EPG values in males during the mating season (fall) but in females during the birth season (spring). These patterns suggest that an immunosuppressive role by reproductive hormones may be regulating direct, but not indirect, life-cycle parasites. Exposure at an early age may trigger an immune response that affects all nematodes, but trophically transmitted species appear to accumulate thereafter. Although it is difficult to discern clear mechanistic explanations for parasite distributions in wildlife populations, it is critical to begin examining these patterns in host species that are increasingly endangered by anthropogenic threats.
|
['Age Distribution', 'Animals', 'Feces', 'Female', 'Host-Parasite Interactions', 'Macaca', 'Male', 'Monkey Diseases', 'Nematoda', 'Nematode Infections', 'Parasite Egg Count', 'Reproduction', 'Seasons', 'Sex Characteristics']
| 20,711,744
|
[['I01.240.050', 'N01.224.033', 'N06.850.505.400.050'], ['B01.050'], ['A12.459'], ['G16.527.200.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.199.120.510'], ['C22.735.500'], ['B01.050.500.500.294'], ['C01.610.335.508'], ['E01.370.225.932.600', 'E05.200.932.600'], ['G08.686.784'], ['G01.910.645.661', 'G16.500.275.071.590', 'N06.230.300.100.250.525'], ['G08.686.815']]
|
['Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
[Airbag-associated ocular trauma].
|
Airbags have received widespread recognition as an effective means of enhancing automobile safety. They are particularly effective in frontal and front angle collisions which otherwise would be fatal or cause serious injuries. Inflation of the bag helps protect the driver and front-seat-passenger from hitting the steering wheel, dashboard or windshield. In frontal crashes airbags have reduced driver deaths, hospital admission rates, and incidence of brain injury. On the other hand, an increasing variety of airbag-associated organ injuries has been reported, including blunt ocular and chemical trauma, 2 cases of ocular trauma due to airbags which resulted in choroidal rupture with disastrous outcome in terms of visual acuity are presented. Since the very first report in May 1991 of airbag-associated ocular trauma until June 1996, there has apparently been only 1 case of choroidal rupture due to airbag-associated trauma, presented in 1 sentence of a brief report. Although airbag-related eye trauma may be relatively infrequent, the severity of the injuries incurred, especially when the posterior segment of the eye was involved, warrants research on new airbag design that minimizes the risk of ocular injury. Meanwhile all cases of airbag-associated ocular trauma should be reported, so that medical staff, the general population and car manufacturers will become more aware of this medical issue.
|
['Adult', 'Air Bags', 'Choroid', 'Eye Injuries', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Risk Assessment', 'Rupture', 'Visual Acuity', 'Wounds, Nonpenetrating']
| 9,451,872
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E07.700.100', 'J01.637.708.100'], ['A09.371.894.223'], ['C10.900.300.284.250', 'C11.297', 'C26.915.300.425.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.715', 'N04.452.871.715', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.690', 'N06.850.505.715', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.715'], ['C26.761'], ['E01.370.380.850.950', 'F02.463.593.932.901', 'G14.940'], ['C26.974']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Examination of surface-bound Ku-DNA complexes in an aqueous environment using MAC mode atomic force microscopy.
|
In the development of biosensors, it is essential to understand how the signal-transducing element may perturb surface-bound proteins and nucleic acids. The tip of the atomic force microscope is such an element in atomic force microscopy. In this paper, we describe the influence of tip-sample interactions on the measured height of the DNA repair protein, Ku, that has been adsorbed onto a mica surface which was submerged in aqueous solution. We find that the measured height of the Ku molecule depends critically on whether or not it is associated with DNA. Additionally, we observed that the conditions (time and concentration) under which Ku is incubated with DNA, affect the appearance (number and type) of the DNA-Ku complexes observed.
|
['Biosensing Techniques', 'Coated Materials, Biocompatible', 'DNA Helicases', 'DNA-Binding Proteins', 'Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted', 'Ku Autoantigen', 'Microscopy, Atomic Force', 'Nucleic Acid Conformation', 'Plasmids', 'Protein Binding', 'Protein Conformation', 'Surface Properties', 'Water']
| 15,530,788
|
[['E05.601.043'], ['D25.130.420', 'J01.637.051.130.420'], ['D08.811.277.040.025.159', 'D08.811.399.340'], ['D12.776.260'], ['E01.158.600', 'E01.370.350.350', 'L01.313.500.750.100.158.600'], ['D08.811.277.040.025.159.155', 'D08.811.399.340.155', 'D12.776.157.687.493', 'D12.776.260.525', 'D12.776.660.625.625', 'D12.776.660.720.493', 'D23.050.290.625'], ['E01.370.350.515.666.400', 'E05.595.666.400'], ['G02.111.570.820.486', 'G05.360.580'], ['G05.360.600'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808'], ['G02.111.570.820.709'], ['G02.860'], ['D01.045.250.875', 'D01.248.497.158.459.650', 'D01.650.550.925']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Hepatic gluconeogenic capability in sepsis is depressed before changes in oxidative capability.
|
Since plasma alanine concentrations are markedly elevated in late sepsis and alanine is an important gluconeogenic substrate, we investigated gluconeogenic activity in intra-abdominal sepsis. Sepsis in rats was produced by cecal ligation and puncture. After 17 to 21 hours (late sepsis, LS) livers from these and sham-operated rats were isolated and perfused at constant flow with Krebs buffer in the presence or absence of 10 mM alanine. Various phenylephrine (PE) concentrations were also used to measure gluconeogenic response to alpha-adrenergic stimulation. The results showed that glucose production from alanine by livers from LS rats was depressed in comparison to livers from sham rats (2.6 +/- 0.2 vs. 4.2 +/- 0.4 moles/gm/hr). Moreover, although livers from rats in LS responded to PE stimulation in a dose-dependent manner, the magnitude as well as the threshold of response was decreased in comparison to shams. In contrast to glucose production, VO2 of the sham and LS were not different under any conditions. Previous studies using lactate as a substrate, however, showed that both gluconeogenesis and oxidative responses were decreased in LS. Since hepatic gluconeogenic but not VO2 response was depressed with alanine, these results indicate that the decreased gluconeogenic capability precedes depressed oxidative capability in sepsis.
|
['Adenosine Triphosphate', 'Alanine', 'Animals', 'Bacterial Infections', 'Gluconeogenesis', 'Glucose', 'Liver', 'Male', 'Oxygen Consumption', 'Peritonitis', 'Phenylephrine', 'Rats']
| 7,120,523
|
[['D03.633.100.759.646.138.236', 'D13.695.667.138.236', 'D13.695.827.068.236'], ['D12.125.042'], ['B01.050'], ['C01.150.252'], ['G02.111.158.500', 'G03.191.500'], ['D09.947.875.359.448'], ['A03.620'], ['G03.680'], ['C01.463.600', 'C06.844.640'], ['D02.033.100.291.617', 'D02.092.063.291.617'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Alteration in the retinoblastoma gene associated with immortalization of human fibroblasts treated with 60Co gamma rays.
|
Genetic analysis was carried out in human fibroblasts (KMST-6) immortalized by treatment with 60Co gamma rays in order to determine if any genetic change was involved in the immortal transformation of human cells. Analysis by restriction fragment length polymorphism revealed an alteration in chromosome 13q12-14, in which the retinoblastoma (RB) gene locus (13q14) is located. Then the RB gene itself was examined. Structural abnormalities in the RB gene were detected by Southern blot analysis. Furthermore, abnormal RB protein (pRB) was expressed in immortalized KMST-6 cells, as shown by in vitro phosphorylation, whereas normal KMS-6 cells expressed the intact pRB. These findings indicated that inactivation of the RB gene is one of the key events of the immortalization of human cells.
|
['Cell Transformation, Neoplastic', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Chromosomes, Human, Pair 13', 'Cobalt Radioisotopes', 'Fibroblasts', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic', 'Genes, Retinoblastoma', 'Humans', 'Mutation', 'Phosphorylation', 'Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length', 'Precipitin Tests', 'Retinoblastoma Protein']
| 8,100,822
|
[['C04.697.098.500', 'C23.550.727.098.500'], ['A11.251'], ['A11.284.187.520.300.370.375', 'G05.360.162.520.300.370.375'], ['D01.268.556.185.500.354', 'D01.268.956.155.500.354', 'D01.496.239.354', 'D01.496.749.256', 'D01.552.544.185.500.354'], ['A11.329.228'], ['G05.308.370'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.375.249.400', 'G05.360.340.024.340.415.400.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G05.365.590'], ['G02.111.665', 'G02.607.780', 'G03.796'], ['G05.365.795.595'], ['E01.370.225.812.735.645', 'E05.196.150.639.500', 'E05.200.812.735.645', 'E05.478.594.760.645', 'E05.478.605.492'], ['D12.776.260.704', 'D12.776.624.776.745', 'D12.776.660.807', 'D12.776.744.770']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Energy metabolism of Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus. I. Energy production, ATP pool, energy charge.
|
Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus, strain Bd. 109 Sa, generates ATP mainly by oxidative phosphorylation during electron transport. During exponential growth the ATP pool is constant (9 mmoles/100 mugN) indicating that energy-producing and energy-consuming reactions are well balanced. The ratio of substrate respiration/endogenous respiration is approx. 2.5/1. Energy charge is constant both in endogenous and substrate respiration at values of 0.62 to 0.64. During endogenous respiration (starvation) the ATP pool oscillates at regular intervals. ATP over-production is started after the ATP pool has decreased to a minimum level of 6 nmoles/100 mug N. The alternating over- and under-production of ATP is interpreted as a special regulation which enables the organism to make economic use of its own cellular materials. Addition of substrate (glutamate) to starving cells does not influence the type of ATP pool oscillation as observed in endogenous respiration. The parasitic strain Bd. 109 Pa exhibits the same periodicity of ATP overproduction as does it saprophytic derivative, Bd. 109 Sa. Decrease of viability during starvation is paralleled by a decrease of the ATP pool.
|
['Adenine Nucleotides', 'Adenosine Triphosphate', 'Aerobiosis', 'Bacteria', 'Bacteriolysis', 'Dinitrophenols', 'Electron Transport', 'Energy Metabolism', 'Glutamates', 'Iodoacetates', 'Oxidative Phosphorylation', 'Oxygen Consumption']
| 1,156,083
|
[['D03.633.100.759.646.138', 'D13.695.667.138', 'D13.695.827.068'], ['D03.633.100.759.646.138.236', 'D13.695.667.138.236', 'D13.695.827.068.236'], ['G02.111.017', 'G03.049'], ['B03'], ['G06.099.115'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.657.566.304', 'D02.640.743.304'], ['G02.111.248', 'G03.295.531.403', 'G03.493.350'], ['G03.295'], ['D12.125.067.625', 'D12.125.119.409'], ['D02.241.081.018.487', 'D02.455.526.581.247'], ['G02.111.665.550', 'G03.295.631', 'G03.796.550'], ['G03.680']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Design, synthesis and evaluation of novel 2-hydroxypyrrolobenzodiazepine-5,11-dione analogues as potent angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors.
|
A series of novel 10-substituted 2-hydroxypyrrolobenzodiazepine-5,11-diones designed through structure based rational hybridization approach, synthesized by the cyclodehydration of isotonic anhydride with (2S,4R)-4-hydroxypyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid followed by N-substitution, were evaluated as angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors. Among all the new compounds screened (2R,11aS)-10-((4-bromothiophen-2-yl)methyl)-2-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1H-benzo[e]pyrrolo[1,2-a][1,4]diazepine-5,11(10H,11aH)dione, 5v (IC₅₀: 0.272 ìM) emerged as most active non-carboxylic acid ACE inhibitor with minimal toxicity comparable to clinical drugs Lisinopril, Benazepril and Ramipril. Favorable binding characteristics in docking studies also supported the experimental results.
|
['Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors', 'Animals', 'Benzodiazepines', 'Crystallography, X-Ray', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Drug Design', 'HEK293 Cells', 'Humans', 'Models, Molecular', 'Pyrroles', 'Rabbits', 'Structure-Activity Relationship']
| 23,777,825
|
[['D27.505.519.389.745.085'], ['B01.050'], ['D03.633.100.079.080'], ['E05.196.309.742.225'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['E05.290.500', 'H01.158.703.007.338.500', 'H01.181.466.338.500'], ['A11.251.210.172.750', 'A11.436.334'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.599.595'], ['D03.383.129.578'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.968.700'], ['G02.111.830', 'G07.690.773.997']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Neurofibromatosis and other disorders among children with CNS tumors and their families.
|
We conducted a population-based case-control study with 338 patients, less than 15 years of age, diagnosed with a primary tumor of the central nervous system from January 1968 through December 1977 in 53 New York State counties. The study also included 676 controls selected from the birth certificate files of the New York State Department of Health. We collected information on neurofibromatosis and congenital anomalies in study subjects, their siblings and parents by telephone interview with the mother of each case and control. We obtained supplemental information on neurofibromatosis in the patients and their families from hospital medical records. This study confirmed the strong association of neurofibromatosis with risk of CNS tumors. Thirteen cases and no controls had neurofibromatosis. Two fathers and 3 mothers of cases had neurofibromatosis. Five cases had siblings with neurofibromatosis. None of the first-degree relatives of controls had neurofibromatosis. We observed a relative risk of 4.49 for history of seizures. Seizures are often among the presenting symptoms for CNS tumors. We observed no difference between cases and controls in the occurrence of congenital anomalies. There was a nonsignificant excess of congenital anomalies among siblings of cases compared with controls. This decreased to 1.13 when adjusted for number of siblings.
|
['Brain Neoplasms', 'Child', 'Congenital Abnormalities', 'Epidemiologic Methods', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Neurofibromatosis 1', 'Spinal Cord Neoplasms']
| 2,494,566
|
[['C04.588.614.250.195', 'C10.228.140.211', 'C10.551.240.250'], ['M01.060.406'], ['C16.131'], ['E05.318', 'N06.850.520'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.557.580.600.580.590.650', 'C04.700.631.650', 'C10.562.600.500', 'C10.574.500.549.400', 'C10.668.829.675', 'C16.320.400.560.400', 'C16.320.700.633.650'], ['C04.588.614.250.803', 'C10.228.854.765', 'C10.551.240.750']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Cyanoacrylate embolization of endoleaks after abdominal aortic aneurysm repair.
|
INTRODUCTION: Type II endoleaks occur in up to a fifth of endoluminal repairs for abdominal aortic aneurysms and are commonly treated when aortic sac expansion can be demonstrated. Technical failure is common when catheter-guided particulates or coil embolic agents are used. Presented here is a feasibility study using catheter-directed N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate (Histoacryl, Braun, Tuttlingen, Germany) embolotherapy.METHOD: A retrospective review of the case notes of patients undergoing embolization procedures for type II endoleaks with expanding sacs was performed from this centre's cohort of endoluminal aortic repair patients under surveillance. Data on patients with type II endoleaks who were treated with either or both cyanoacrylate and coil embolization were extracted. The outcomes were then compared.RESULTS: In total, five cases were identified, and four of these cases had both coil and glue embolization. Technical success was defined as endoleak closure proven on follow-up computed tomographic imaging. Technical success was achieved in all four patients treated with intra-sac cyanoacrylate. One case treated initially with coil embolization was successful. All patients had a computed tomographic scan at 3 months. One minor complication occurred that resolved without treatment.DISCUSSION: Type II endoleaks after EVAR with expanding sacs require treatment. Percutaneous catheter-directed cyanoacrylate embolization offers an alternative to coil or particulate embolization and, in this series, was found to be more likely to result in endoleak closure.
|
['Aged', 'Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal', 'Blood Vessel Prosthesis', 'Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation', 'Embolization, Therapeutic', 'Enbucrilate', 'Humans', 'Middle Aged', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Prosthesis Failure', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Ultrasonography, Doppler, Duplex']
| 20,078,537
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['C14.907.055.239.075', 'C14.907.109.139.075'], ['E07.695.110'], ['E04.100.814.868.500', 'E04.650.200'], ['E02.520.360', 'E02.926.500'], ['D02.241.081.069.366.350', 'D02.626.290.350', 'D05.750.259.341', 'D25.720.259.341', 'D25.919.367.341', 'J01.637.051.720.259.341', 'J01.637.051.919.367.341'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C23.550.767'], ['C23.550.767.865', 'E05.325.771'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E01.370.350.850.850.850']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Ferroportin (SLC40A1) Q248H mutation is associated with lower circulating plasma tumor necrosis factor-alpha and macrophage migration inhibitory factor concentrations in African children.
|
BACKGROUND: Iron deficiency and the Q248H mutation in the gene, SLC40A1, that encodes for the cellular iron exporter, ferroportin, are both common in African children. The iron status of macrophages influences the pro-inflammatory response of these cells. We hypothesized that Q248H mutation may modify the inflammatory response by influencing iron levels within macrophages.METHODS: The Q248H mutation and circulating concentrations of ferritin, C-reactive protein and selected pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-12, interferon-gamma, TNF-alpha, and macrophage migration inhibitory factor) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-4 and interleukin-10) were measured in 69 pre-school children recruited from well-child clinics in Harare, Zimbabwe.RESULTS: In multivariate analysis, both ferroportin Q248H and ferritin <10ug/L were associated with significantly lower circulating concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Ferroportin Q248H but not low iron stores was associated with lower circulating macrophage migration inhibitory factor as well. Anti-inflammatory cytokine levels were not significantly associated with either ferroportin Q248H or iron status.CONCLUSIONS: Ferroportin Q248H and low iron stores are both associated with lower circulating tumor necrosis factor-alpha, while only ferroportin Q248H is associated with lower circulating macrophage migration inhibitory factor. Whether the reduced production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha observed in ferroportin Q248H heterozygotes may be of significance in anemia of chronic disease is yet to be determined.
|
['Africa', 'Cation Transport Proteins', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Macrophage Migration-Inhibitory Factors', 'Multivariate Analysis', 'Mutation', 'Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha']
| 20,460,119
|
[['Z01.058'], ['D12.776.157.530.450.250', 'D12.776.543.585.450.250'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['D12.644.276.374.480.625', 'D12.776.467.374.480.625', 'D23.125.477.500', 'D23.529.374.480.625'], ['E05.318.740.150.500', 'N05.715.360.750.125.500', 'N06.850.520.830.150.500'], ['G05.365.590'], ['D12.644.276.374.500.800', 'D12.644.276.374.750.626', 'D12.776.124.900', 'D12.776.395.930', 'D12.776.467.374.500.800', 'D12.776.467.374.750.626', 'D23.529.374.500.800', 'D23.529.374.750.626']]
|
['Geographicals [Z]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Genome-wide association study in Chinese cohort identifies one novel hypospadias risk associated locus at 12q13.13.
|
BACKGROUND: Hypospadias risk-associated gene variants have been reported in populations of European descent using genome-wide association studies (GWASs). There is little known at present about any possible hypospadias risk associations in Han Chinese populations.METHODS: To systematically investigate hypospadias risk-associated gene variants in Chinese patients, we performed the first GWAS in a Han Chinese cohort consisting of 197 moderate-severe hypospadias cases and 933 unaffected controls. Suggestive loci (p < 1 ? 10- 4) were replicated in 118 cases and 383 controls, as well as in a second independent validation population of 137 cases and 190 controls. Regulatory and protein-protein interactions (PPIs) were then conducted for the functional analyses of candidate variants.RESULTS: We identified rs11170516 with the risk allele G within the SP1/SP7 region that was independently associated with moderate-severe hypospadias [SP1/SP7, rs11170516, Pcombine = 3.5 ? 10- 9, odds ratio (OR) = 1.96 (1.59-2.44)]. Results also suggested that rs11170516 is associated with the expression of SP1 as a cis-expression quantitative trait locus (cis-eQTL). Protein SP1 could affect the risk of hypospadias via PPIs.CONCLUSIONS: We performed the first GWAS of moderate-severe hypospadias in a Han Chinese cohort, and identified one novel susceptibility cis-acting regulatory locus at 12q13.13, which may regulate a variety of hypospadias-related pathways by affecting proximal SP1 gene expression and subsequent PPIs. This study complements known common hypospadias risk-associated variants and provides the possible role of cis-acting regulatory variant in causing hypospadias.
|
['Alleles', 'China', 'Cohort Studies', 'Female', 'Genetic Loci', 'Genetic Predisposition to Disease', 'Genome-Wide Association Study', 'Humans', 'Hypospadias', 'Male', 'Middle Aged']
| 31,856,834
|
[['G05.360.340.024.340.030'], ['Z01.252.474.164'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['G05.360.340.024.380'], ['C23.550.291.687.500', 'G05.380.355'], ['E05.318.370.392', 'E05.318.416.249', 'E05.393.385.500', 'E05.393.522.500', 'E05.393.760.640.500', 'N06.850.520.445.392', 'N06.850.520.470.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C12.294.494.400', 'C12.706.516', 'C13.351.875.466', 'C16.131.939.516'], ['M01.060.116.630']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Multiplexed Population Coding of Stimulus Properties by Leech Mechanosensory Cells.
|
UNLABELLED: Sensory coding has long been discussed in terms of a dichotomy between spike timing and rate coding. However, recent studies found that in primate mechanoperception and other sensory systems, spike rates and timing of cell populations complement each other. They simultaneously carry information about different stimulus properties in a multiplexed way. Here, we present evidence for multiplexed encoding of tactile skin stimulation in the tiny population of leech mechanoreceptors, consisting of only 10 cells of two types with overlapping receptive fields. Each mechanoreceptor neuron of the leech varies spike count and response latency to both touch intensity and location, leading to ambiguous responses to different stimuli. Nevertheless, three different stimulus estimation techniques consistently reveal that the neuronal population allows reliable decoding of both stimulus properties. For the two mechanoreceptor types, the transient responses of T (touch) cells and the sustained responses of P (pressure) cells, the relative timing of the first spikes of two mechanoreceptors encodes stimulus location, whereas summed spike counts represent touch intensity. Differences between the cell types become evident in responses to combined stimulus properties. The best estimation performance for stimulus location is obtained from the relative first spike timing of the faster and temporally more precise T cells. Simultaneously, the sustained responses of P cells indicate touch intensity by summed spike counts and stimulus duration by the duration of spike responses. The striking similarities of these results with previous findings on primate mechanosensory afferents suggest multiplexed population coding as a general principle of somatosensation.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Multiplexing, the simultaneous encoding of different stimulus properties by distinct neuronal response features, has recently been suggested as a mechanism used in several sensory systems, including primate somatosensation. While a rigorous experimental verification of the multiplexing hypothesis is difficult to accomplish in a complex vertebrate system, it is feasible for a small population of individually characterized leech neurons. Monitoring the responses of all four mechanoreceptors innervating a patch of skin revealed striking similarities between touch encoding in the primate and the leech: summed spike counts represent stimulus intensity, whereas relative timing of first spikes encodes stimulus location. These findings suggest that multiplexed population coding is a general mechanism of touch encoding common to species as different as man and worm.
|
['Action Potentials', 'Animals', 'Biophysics', 'Leeches', 'Mechanoreceptors', 'Neurons, Afferent', 'Physical Stimulation', 'Reaction Time', 'Skin', 'Time Factors', 'Touch']
| 27,030,751
|
[['G04.580.100', 'G07.265.675.100', 'G11.561.570.100'], ['B01.050'], ['H01.158.344', 'H01.671.100'], ['B01.050.500.091.426'], ['A08.675.650.915.750', 'A08.800.950.750', 'A11.671.650.915.750'], ['A08.675.650', 'A11.671.650'], ['E05.723'], ['E05.796.817', 'F02.830.650', 'F04.669.817', 'G11.561.677'], ['A17.815'], ['G01.910.857'], ['F02.830.816.850', 'G11.561.790.850']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Volumetric investigation of the frontal-subcortical circuitry in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder.
|
The pathophysiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is thought to involve disturbance of the frontal-subcortical circuitry. To investigate the morphological characteristics of this circuitry, we examined the volume of the orbitofrontal cortex, anterior cingulate, thalamus, caudate, and the putamen in 36 age- and sex-matched OCD patients and normal control subjects using three-dimensional magnetic resonance (MR) brain imaging. The left orbitofrontal volumes were found to be significantly smaller in the OCD patients and showed significant negative correlations with obsessive-compulsive symptom severity. These findings suggest that a structural abnormality of this brain region is implicated in the pathophysiology of OCD.
|
['Adult', 'Brain', 'Brain Mapping', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Female', 'Frontal Lobe', 'Functional Laterality', 'Humans', 'Image Processing, Computer-Assisted', 'Imaging, Three-Dimensional', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder']
| 15,377,742
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['A08.186.211'], ['E01.370.350.578.875.500', 'E01.370.376.537.625.500', 'E05.629.875.500'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.270'], ['F02.830.297.425', 'G11.561.225.425'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.224.308'], ['E01.370.350.400', 'L01.224.308.410'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['F03.080.600']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Differential development of the stress response in congenital learned helplessness.
|
Early in the development of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, the rat undergoes a stress hyporesponsive period of blunted responses to several stressors including cold exposure (CE) and maternal deprivation (MD). We examined the development of the axis by monitoring adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH) plasma levels in an animal model of depression and/or anxiety characterized by learned helpless (LH) behavior and a dysfunctional HPA axis in adult life. On postnatal day 7 there was no significant difference in basal plasma ACTH levels between congenital (cLH) and controls, but cLH animals showed a blunted response to CE (P < 0.001). By postnatal day 14 there was a dramatic increase in ACTH response to CE (P < 0.005). On postnatal day 21 baseline ACTH and response to CE were again significantly suppressed in cLH rats. Stress responsiveness to MD was present in all groups and was insignificantly different for all ages of development between groups. These findings suggest that rats with congenital learned helplessness undergo a differential response in the development of the HPA axis in that the axis was hypersensitive at postnatal day 14 and became hyporesponsive beyond day 14, and this may, in part, account for the dysfunctional stress response observed during adulthood.
|
['Adrenocorticotropic Hormone', 'Animals', 'Cold Temperature', 'Female', 'Helplessness, Learned', 'Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System', 'Maternal Behavior', 'Pituitary-Adrenal System', 'Pregnancy', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Stress, Psychological']
| 8,237,462
|
[['D06.472.699.327.935.531.500', 'D06.472.699.631.525.600.531.500', 'D12.644.400.400.935.531.500', 'D12.644.548.365.935.531.500', 'D12.644.548.691.525.690.531.500', 'D12.776.631.650.405.935.531.500'], ['B01.050'], ['G01.906.595.272', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710.300', 'G16.500.750.775.710.300', 'N06.230.300.100.725.154', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710.300'], ['F01.393.398', 'F02.463.425.420'], ['A06.688.357', 'A08.186.211.180.497.352.435', 'A08.186.211.200.317.357.352.435', 'A08.713.357'], ['F01.829.263.370.215'], ['A06.300.691'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['F01.145.126.990', 'F02.830.900']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Quantitative studies of the discharge fields of single cells in cat striate cortex.
|
The configuration and width of on- and off-response zones in the discharge field of single cells in cat striate cortex was analysed by quantitative methods. The responses across on- and off-zones were plotted for 321 cells with a stationary optimum oriented light slit. The cells fell into two completely distinct subgroups with respect to the degree of overlap between adjacent on- and off-zones. The simple cells had a mean overlap of 16.8%, the complex cells 94.5%. For simple cells the ratio between the maximum off- and maximum on-response in the discharge field was bimodal, showing that two distinct subgroups termed on- and off-dominant cells could be distinguished. For the complex cells the corresponding frequency distribution was unimodal. The maximum response on the two regions adjacent to the most responsive discharge zone (the dominant zone) differed markedly for most simple cells, and only a very few cells had discharge fields approximating an ideal even symmetric field. The frequency distribution of the ratio between the maximum response in the two regions was unimodal showing that odd and even symmetric fields did not form distinct subgroups of simple cells. The number of different discharge zones in simple cells varied from one to five. The zones were arranged as alternating on- and off-zones across the discharge field. The maximum response in the subzones decreased with increasing sequential distance from the dominant zone, so the response pattern across each side of the discharge field resembled a damped wave-form pattern. All the complex cells had one on- and off-zone which overlapped. The mean width of the subregions in the simple cell discharge field and the mean distance between the response maxima in the subzones increased in the same proportion with increasing eccentricity. The paracentral fields were therefore like magnified central fields. The average width of the whole discharge field was not significantly different for the simple and the complex cells at the various eccentricities.
|
['Action Potentials', 'Animals', 'Cats', 'Neurons', 'Photic Stimulation', 'Sympathectomy', 'Time Factors', 'Visual Cortex']
| 3,746,674
|
[['G04.580.100', 'G07.265.675.100', 'G11.561.570.100'], ['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.377.750.250.125'], ['A08.675', 'A11.671'], ['E05.723.729'], ['E04.525.210.105.800'], ['G01.910.857'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.571.735', 'A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.814.953']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
A versatile test-object for the calibration of ultrasonic Doppler flow instruments.
|
Versatility in test-objects for ultrasonic Doppler units is desirable. The test-object described comprises a thin-walled plastic tube embedded in tissue-mimicking material. Blood is simulated using a mixture of water and glycerol with sephadex particles to act as scatterers. The test-object is suitable for use with a wide range of Doppler units which employ pulsed and continuous ultrasound in the frequency range 1 to 10 MHz. Calibration of several types of Doppler and imaging duplex systems has been performed for flow velocities up to 100 cm/s through a 10 mm tube. Above this velocity, for this tube dimension, turbulence occurs prevents the accurate measurement of flow velocity. The versatility of the test-object is further enhanced by the feasibility of manufacturing vessels of different shape and size. Slow flow through the tissue equivalent material may also be detected.
|
['Blood Flow Velocity', 'Calibration', 'Humans', 'Models, Anatomic', 'Rheology']
| 2,938,324
|
[['E01.370.370.130', 'G09.330.380.630.080'], ['E05.978.155'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['J01.897.280.500.545.129', 'L01.178.820.090.545.129'], ['E05.830', 'H01.671.808']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Nutritional assessment of iron status and anemia in children under 5 years old at public daycare centers.
|
OBJECTIVES: To assess nutritional iron status and anemia prevalence in children less than 5 years old at public daycare centers in the city of Recife, PE, Brazil.METHODS: A cross-sectional study, with a systematic random sampling of 162 children aged 6 to 59 months. Nutritional iron status was assessed in terms of body iron reserves (serum ferritin), transferrinemia (serum iron, total iron binding capacity, and transferrin saturation %), erythropoiesis (free erythrocyte protoporphyrin) and hemoglobin production (hemoglobin).RESULTS: The prevalence of anemia (hemoglobin < 11.0 g/dL) was 55.6% (95%CI 47.3-63.5), evidence was found of depleted iron stocks (serum ferritin < 12.0 ng/mL) in 30.8% (95%CI 22.9-39.3), low transferrinemia levels (transferrin saturation % < 16) in 60.1% (95%CI 51.7-68.0) and deficient erythropoiesis (free erythrocyte protoporphyrin > 40 micromol/mol heme) in 69.6% (95%CI 61.0-77.1) of the children. Iron parameters were not correlated with sex (p > 0.05). However, children < 24 months exhibited lower hemoglobin concentrations (p < 0.00) and higher levels of free erythrocyte protoporphyrin (p < 0.000) and total iron binding capacity (p < 0.001) when compared with children > 24 months. The significant correlation observed between reserves, transferrinemia and erythropoiesis is a finding that is compatible with the expected lifecycle of iron in the body.CONCLUSIONS: Iron deficiency and anemia appear to be an important public health problem among children less than 5 years old at public daycare centers in Recife. Therefore, effective actions aimed at the prevention and control of this deficiency are strongly recommended in this ecological context.
|
['Anemia, Iron-Deficiency', 'Brazil', 'Child Day Care Centers', 'Child, Preschool', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Erythropoiesis', 'Female', 'Ferritins', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Male', 'Nutrition Surveys', 'Prevalence', 'Protoporphyrins', 'Transferrin']
| 17,676,239
|
[['C15.378.071.196.300', 'C18.452.565.100'], ['Z01.107.757.176'], ['J03.160', 'N02.421.143.098'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['G04.152.825.414', 'G09.188.343.414'], ['D12.776.157.427.249', 'D12.776.556.579.249'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['E05.318.308.980.485', 'N05.715.360.300.800.469', 'N06.850.505.616', 'N06.850.520.308.980.469'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['D03.383.129.578.840.500.725', 'D03.633.400.909.500.725', 'D04.345.783.500.725', 'D23.767.727.725'], ['D12.776.124.050.800', 'D12.776.124.790.223.839', 'D12.776.157.427.750.500', 'D12.776.377.715.182.839', 'D12.776.556.579.750.500']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Cardiovascular fitness and executive control during task-switching: an ERP study.
|
Cardiovascular fitness recently has been linked to executive control function in older adults. The present study examined the relationship between cardiovascular fitness and executive control in young adults using event-related potentials (ERPs). Participants completed a two-part experiment. In part one, a graded exercise test (GXT) was administered using a cycle ergometer to obtain VO(2)max, a measure of maximal oxygen uptake. High-fit participants had VO(2)max measures at or above the 70th percentile based on age and sex, and low-fit participants had VO(2)max measures at or below the 30th percentile. In part two, a task-switching paradigm was used to investigate executive control. Task-switching trials produced slower response times and greater amplitude for both the P3a and P3b components of the ERP relative to a non-switch trial block. No ERP components varied as a function of fitness group. These findings, combined with results from previous research, suggest that the relationship between greater cardiovascular fitness and better cognitive function emerges after early adulthood.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Attention', 'Brain Mapping', 'Cardiovascular System', 'Electroencephalography', 'Event-Related Potentials, P300', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Neuropsychological Tests', 'Oxygen Consumption', 'Physical Fitness', 'Problem Solving', 'Reaction Time', 'Time Factors']
| 18,417,237
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['F02.830.104.214'], ['E01.370.350.578.875.500', 'E01.370.376.537.625.500', 'E05.629.875.500'], ['A07'], ['E01.370.376.300', 'E01.370.405.245'], ['G07.265.216.500.350', 'G11.561.200.500.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F04.711.513'], ['G03.680'], ['G11.427.685', 'I03.450.642.845.054.800', 'N01.400.545'], ['F02.463.425.725', 'F02.463.785.810'], ['E05.796.817', 'F02.830.650', 'F04.669.817', 'G11.561.677'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Leptospira interrogans survey by PCR in wild rodents coming from different urban areas of Palermo, Italy.
|
DNA extracted from the kidneys of rodents captured in different urban areas of Palermo, Italy, had been analysed for the presence of pathogenic L. interrogans sensu latu DNA. PCR analysis had shown that in rodents captured close to green areas and small river up to 40 % animals give positive PCR results. Not many cases of human leptospirosis are reported in Sicilian island in which hot season is usually dry. But considering climate change toward subtropical aspect in Sicily, with hot humid summer and sudden thunderstorm, screening for L. interrogans sensu latu prevalence can be useful for leptospirosis risk analysis on human population.
|
['Animal Distribution', 'Animals', 'Animals, Wild', 'Climate Change', 'DNA, Bacterial', 'DNA, Ribosomal', 'Disease Reservoirs', 'Disease Vectors', 'Ecosystem', 'Humans', 'Kidney', 'Leptospira interrogans', 'Leptospirosis', 'Mice', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'RNA, Bacterial', 'RNA, Ribosomal, 16S', 'Rats', 'Risk', 'Rodent Diseases', 'Sicily', 'Urban Health', 'Zoonoses']
| 23,427,420
|
[['F01.145.113.069', 'G16.049'], ['B01.050'], ['B01.050.050.300'], ['G16.500.175.374'], ['D13.444.308.212'], ['D13.444.308.475'], ['N06.850.520.203.250'], ['N06.850.335.188', 'N06.850.520.203.375'], ['G16.500.275.157', 'N06.230.124'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A05.810.453'], ['B03.440.400.425.475.475.400', 'B03.851.475.475.400'], ['C01.150.252.400.794.511'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['E05.393.620.500'], ['D13.444.735.473'], ['D13.444.735.686.670'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['E05.318.740.600.800', 'G17.680.750', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800'], ['C22.795'], ['Z01.542.489.751', 'Z01.542.580.500.751', 'Z01.639.640.751'], ['N01.400.548.875'], ['C01.973', 'C22.969']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
ATP-dependent interaction of yeast U5 snRNA loop 1 with the 5' splice site.
|
Pre-messenger RNA splicing is a two-step process by which introns are removed and exons joined together. In yeast, the U5 snRNA loop 1 interacts with the 5' exon before the first step of splicing and with the 5' and 3' exons before the second step. In vitro studies revealed that yeast U5 loop 1 is not required for the first step of splicing but is essential for holding the 5' and 3' exons for ligation during the second step. It is critical, therefore, that loop 1 contacts the 5' exon before the first step of splicing to hold this exon following cleavage from the pre-mRNA. At present it is not known how U5 loop 1 is positioned on the 5' exon prior to the first step of splicing. To address this question, we have used site-specific photoactivated crosslinking in yeast spliceosomes to investigate the interaction of U5 loop 1 with the pre-mRNA prior to the first step of splicing. We have found that the highly conserved uridines in loop 1 make ATP-dependent contacts with an approximately 8-nt region at the 5' splice site that includes the invariant GU. These interactions are dependent on functional U2 and U6 snRNAs. Our results support a model where U5 snRNA loop 1 interacts with the 5' exon in two steps during its targeting to the 5' splice site.
|
['Adenosine Triphosphate', 'Base Sequence', 'DNA Primers', 'Exons', 'RNA Splicing', 'RNA, Small Nuclear', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae', 'Transcription, Genetic']
| 11,453,062
|
[['D03.633.100.759.646.138.236', 'D13.695.667.138.236', 'D13.695.827.068.236'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['D13.695.578.424.450.275', 'D27.720.470.530.600.223.600'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.137.232'], ['G02.111.760.700', 'G03.839.700', 'G05.308.700.700'], ['D13.444.735.628.818', 'D13.444.735.790.552.937'], ['B01.300.107.795.785.800', 'B01.300.930.705.655'], ['G02.111.873', 'G05.297.700']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Method for differential detection and identification of components in protein mixtures analyzed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry.
|
We demonstrate that the semi-quantitative information in matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectra of tryptically digested protein mixtures can, via a systematic statistical approach, be utilized for the identification of a protein present in different concentrations in two samples. Multiple mass spectra were acquired from a series of tryptically digested test samples in which the concentration of one protein was varied and the concentrations of three other proteins were held constant. The mass spectra were subjected to soft independent modeling of class analogy (SIMCA) analysis assuming that spectra originating from two different samples belonged to different data classes. The SIMCA analysis yielded information on which individual m/z values discriminate between two classes. Protein identification by proteolytic peptide mass fingerprinting was performed with different numbers of mass values in the fingerprint according to the discriminatory information, beginning with the mass corresponding to the best discrimination, followed by the best together with the second best, etc. By using the Probity algorithm, which computes the statistical significance of each identification result, we demonstrate that the first protein identified at a desired significance level (0.001) is the protein that was present in a different concentration in the two samples. Differential analysis of expression is often performed by comparing 2D-gel-spot intensities followed by mass spectrometric identification of the respective protein in each spot that differs. The method presented here has the potential to allow identification of the protein component that differs in cases where a gel-spot is poorly resolved and contains several proteins.
|
['Algorithms', 'Animals', 'Carbonic Anhydrases', 'Cattle', 'Complex Mixtures', 'Cytochromes c', 'Data Interpretation, Statistical', 'Hemoglobins', 'Horses', 'Models, Chemical', 'Models, Statistical', 'Myoglobin', 'Peptide Mapping', 'Proteins', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization']
| 15,378,717
|
[['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['B01.050'], ['D08.811.520.241.300.150'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['D20'], ['D08.244.286.100', 'D12.776.422.220.286.100'], ['E05.245.380', 'E05.318.740.300', 'L01.313.500.750.190.380', 'N05.715.360.750.300', 'N06.850.520.830.300'], ['D12.776.124.400', 'D12.776.422.316.762'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.984.235.472'], ['E05.599.495'], ['E05.318.740.500', 'E05.599.835', 'N05.715.360.750.530', 'N06.850.520.830.500'], ['D12.776.210.500.588', 'D12.776.422.316.940'], ['E05.196.181.400.454.720', 'E05.196.401.319.720', 'E05.196.700', 'E05.393.760.705.685'], ['D12.776'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['E05.196.566.755']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Inhibitor scaffold for the histone lysine demethylase KDM4C (JMJD2C).
|
The human histone demethylases of the KDM4 (JMJD2) family have been associated to diseases such as prostate and breast cancer, as well as X-linked mental retardation. Therefore, these enzymes are considered oncogenes and their selective inhibition might be a possible therapeutic approach to treat cancer. Here we describe a heterocyclic ring system library screened against the histone demethylase KDM4C (JMJD2C) in the search for novel inhibitory scaffolds. A 4-hydroxypyrazole scaffold was identified as an inhibitor of KDM4C; this scaffold could be employed in the further development of novel therapeutics, as well as for the elucidation of the biological roles of KDM4C on epigenetic regulation.
|
['Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Drug Design', 'Enzyme Inhibitors', 'Humans', 'Jumonji Domain-Containing Histone Demethylases', 'Molecular Structure', 'Pyrazoles', 'Small Molecule Libraries', 'Structure-Activity Relationship']
| 22,917,519
|
[['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['E05.290.500', 'H01.158.703.007.338.500', 'H01.181.466.338.500'], ['D27.505.519.389'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D08.811.682.662.582.475.500', 'D08.811.682.690.416.388'], ['G02.111.570', 'G02.466'], ['D03.383.129.539'], ['D27.720.470.765'], ['G02.111.830', 'G07.690.773.997']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Obstetric and perinatal outcomes in women ?40years of age: Associations with fetal growth disorders.
|
BACKGROUND: Evidence indicates that advanced maternal age is associated with adverse obstetric and perinatal outcomes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate pregnancy outcomes in women of advanced maternal age (?40years).METHODS: Using a prospective study design, data were collected by the Department of Obstetrics at the San Joan de Deu Hospital of Barcelona during the 1 June 2009 to 31 May 2012 period. The results were compared across three maternal age groups (?40 [n=654], 35-39 [n=2781], and <35 [n=7893] years).RESULTS: Of the 11328 births recorded during the study period, pregnancy-related complications were more common in women ?40years of age. The most common disorder was diabetes (8.5% in the ?40, 5.3% in the 35-39, and 3.0% in the <35years age groups). The women ?40years of age also had significantly more premature births (p=0.001) and cesarean sections (17% in the ?40, 12.5% in the 35-39, and 7.9% in the <35-year age groups; p=0.001). Intrauterine growth retardation was significantly more frequent in women aged ?40years (17.4% in the ?40, 15% in the 35-39, and 14.0% in the <35-year age groups; p=0.03). Fetal macrosomia was significantly more common in women ?40years (15.4% in the ?40, 12.6% in the 35-39, and 12% in the <35-year age groups; p=0.03).CONCLUSION: Maternal age ?40years was associated with poorer obstetric and perinatal outcomes and increased the risks of cesarean section, intrauterine growth retardation, and fetal macrosomia.
|
['Adult', 'Birth Weight', 'Cesarean Section', 'Female', 'Fetal Growth Retardation', 'Fetal Macrosomia', 'Humans', 'Maternal Age', 'Pregnancy', 'Pregnancy Complications', 'Pregnancy Outcome', 'Pregnancy in Diabetics', 'Premature Birth', 'Prospective Studies']
| 27,391,869
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['C23.888.144.186', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120.186', 'E05.041.124.160.750.149', 'G07.100.100.160.120.186', 'G07.345.249.314.120.186'], ['E04.520.252.500'], ['C13.703.277.370', 'C16.300.390', 'C23.550.393.450'], ['C13.703.170.500', 'C13.703.277.570', 'C13.703.726.570', 'C16.300.570', 'C19.246.099.968', 'C23.888.144.186.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G08.686.560', 'N05.715.350.075.550', 'N06.850.490.250.550'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['C13.703'], ['E01.789.700', 'G08.686.784.769.496'], ['C13.703.726'], ['C13.703.420.491.500'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
A multicenter randomized crossover multiple-dose comparison study of arotinolol and propranolol in essential tremor.
|
BACKGROUND: A new medication is needed to treat essential tremor. Preliminary evidence suggests that arotinolol may be effective in the treatment of this disorder.OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of arotinolol and propranolol in a crossover, multiple dose comparative trial of patients with essential tremor.PATIENTS AND METHODS: One hundred and seventy-five outpatients, with essential tremor were included in the study; 161 patients completed the study. Patients were identically evaluated at eight consecutive visits. The study consisted of two treatments, which were arranged according to a crossover design that evaluated the dose of each (arotinolol 10 mg per day and propranolol 40 mg per day, arotinolol 20 mg per day and propranolol 80 mg per day, arotinolol 30 mg per day and propranolol 160 mg per day). Each course of treatment lasted 6 weeks. Major outcome evaluations consisted of a self-reported disability scale, and motor performance score obtained before drug intake and 14 days after each treatment. The treatment effects were evaluated by analysis of variance using the Hills-Armitage test.RESULTS: Arotinolol was found to be as effective as propranolol at reducing tremor. Drug effects as evaluated using motor-task performance scores revealed that arotinolol had a more significant effect than propranolol.CONCLUSIONS: Arotinolol may be more useful than propranolol for the treatment of essential tremor.
|
['Adrenergic beta-Antagonists', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Cross-Over Studies', 'Essential Tremor', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Propanolamines', 'Propranolol', 'Psychomotor Performance', 'Task Performance and Analysis', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 12,853,233
|
[['D27.505.519.625.050.200.200', 'D27.505.696.577.050.200.200'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['E05.318.370.150', 'N05.715.360.325.150', 'N06.850.520.445.150'], ['C10.228.662.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D02.033.100.624', 'D02.033.755.624', 'D02.092.063.624'], ['D02.033.100.624.698.711', 'D02.033.755.624.698.711', 'D02.092.063.624.698.711', 'D02.455.426.559.847.638.945', 'D04.615.638.945'], ['F02.808', 'G11.427.700', 'G11.561.660'], ['F02.784.412.846', 'F02.784.692.746', 'F02.808.600'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
[Studies on the chemical constituents from Xinjiang Punica granatum].
|
OBJECTIVE: To study the chemical constituents from Punica granatum.METHODS: The chemical constituents were isolated by column chromatography on silica gel and MCI-gel CHP 20P, Sephadex LH-20. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectral analysis and physical constants.RESULTS: Ten compounds were isolated and elucidated as: gallic acid (1), methyl gallate (2), ellagic acid (3), (+) catechin (4), isoquerecitrin (5), D-mannitol (6), ursolic acid (7), Oleanolic acid (8), beta-Sitosterol (9) and Daucosterol (10).CONCLUSION: Compounds 1-10 are isolated from this plant for the first time.
|
['Catechin', 'Ellagic Acid', 'Fruit', 'Gallic Acid', 'Lythraceae', 'Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy', 'Molecular Structure', 'Oleanolic Acid', 'Plant Bark', 'Plants, Medicinal']
| 19,565,710
|
[['D03.383.663.283.240.190', 'D03.383.663.283.266.450.206', 'D03.633.100.150.240.190', 'D03.633.100.150.266.450.206'], ['D03.383.663.283.500', 'D03.633.100.150.500'], ['A18.024.500', 'G07.203.300.562', 'J02.500.562'], ['D02.241.223.100.300.200', 'D02.241.511.390.200', 'D02.455.426.559.389.127.281.200', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.410.200'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.859.833.500'], ['E05.196.867.519'], ['G02.111.570', 'G02.466'], ['D02.455.849.919.530.733', 'D02.455.849.919.650.600'], ['A18.024.750.200'], ['B01.650.560']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Nitrogen requirements in severely injured patients.
|
The study was designed to evaluate nitrogen needs in severely injured patients during the first week after trauma. Thirty-nine patients aged from 18 to 65 years with a burn or fractures of more than two long bones were studied. Energy requirements were given parenterally as fat and glucose in isocaloric amounts. The patients were randomized into five groups receiving different amounts of nitrogen from zero to 0.3 g kg body-weight-1 24 h-1. Daily and cumulative nitrogen balance, urinary 3-methylhistidine excretion and nitrogen retention were calculated on days 2-8 after trauma. With no nitrogen, the mean(s.e.m.) daily nitrogen balance after the trauma was -13.8(0.5) gN. The balance improved markedly in groups with a nitrogen intake of up to 0.2 g kg body-weight-1 (P less than 0.001) compared with the no-nitrogen group. The 3-methylhistidine excretion increased because of the trauma in all groups with no statistically significant difference between the groups. Nitrogen retention decreased with increase in nitrogen supply and with time after injury. It is suggested that a nitrogen supply of 0.20 kg bodyweight-1 24 h-1 is optimal for severely injured patients during the first week after trauma.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Body Weight', 'Burns', 'Creatinine', 'Female', 'Fractures, Bone', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Methylhistidines', 'Middle Aged', 'Multiple Trauma', 'Nitrogen', 'Nutritional Requirements', 'Parenteral Nutrition, Total', 'Random Allocation']
| 2,111,195
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['C23.888.144', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120', 'E05.041.124.160.750', 'G07.100.100.160.120', 'G07.345.249.314.120'], ['C26.200'], ['D03.383.129.308.207'], ['C26.404'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.125.072.329.539'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C26.640'], ['D01.268.604', 'D01.362.625'], ['G07.203.650.620'], ['E02.421.505.575', 'E02.642.500.505.750'], ['E05.318.370.700', 'E05.581.500.805', 'N05.715.360.325.675', 'N06.850.520.445.700']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Correlation and prognostic significance of beta-galactoside alpha-2,6-sialyltransferase and serum monosialylated alpha-fetoprotein in hepatocellular carcinoma.
|
AIM: To investigate the correlation between tissue ST6Gal I and serum msAFP in HCC patients, and to investigate their prognostic significance.METHODS: Preoperative sera, paired tumorous and non-tumorous tissues were collected from 19 consecutive patients who had undergone surgical resection of HCC. ST6Gal I activities in the tissues were measured by an in vitro microsomal enzyme activity assay. The percentages of tumor-specific msAFP in the sera were also estimated by an isoelectric focusing-immunoblotting assay.RESULTS: The tumor ST6Gal I activity was negatively correlated with serum msAFP percentage (r = -0.53, P = 0.019). Both decreased tumor ST6Gal I activity and increased serum msAFP percentage were associated with poor tumor cell differentiation. Univariate analyses showed that both decreased tumor ST6Gal I activity (P = 0.028), increased serum msAFP percentage (P = 0.034) and poor tumor cell differentiation (P = 0.031) were associated with shorter overall survival. Multivariate analysis using the Cox regression model showed that the preoperative serum msAFP percentage (P = 0.022) and tumor cell differentiation status (P = 0.048) were independent prognostic indicators for patient overall survival.CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that the presence of msAFP in blood circulation is associated with a decreased activity of ST6Gal I activity in HCC. Both tissue ST6Gal I and serum msAFP are potential prognostic markers for patients with operable HCC.
|
['Antigens, CD', 'Carcinoma, Hepatocellular', 'Humans', 'Liver Neoplasms', 'Microsomes, Liver', 'Prognosis', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Sialyltransferases', 'Statistics as Topic', 'Survival Rate', 'alpha-Fetoproteins']
| 16,425,369
|
[['D23.050.301.264.035', 'D23.101.100.110'], ['C04.557.470.200.025.255', 'C04.588.274.623.160', 'C06.301.623.160', 'C06.552.697.160'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.588.274.623', 'C06.301.623', 'C06.552.697'], ['A11.284.835.540.541'], ['E01.789'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['D08.811.913.400.800'], ['E05.318.740', 'H01.548.832', 'N05.715.360.750', 'N06.850.520.830'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.900', 'N01.224.935.698.826', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.900', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.900'], ['D12.776.124.790.106.092', 'D12.776.320.525.500', 'D12.776.377.228.500', 'D12.776.377.715.085.092', 'D23.101.140.050']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Image-based Characterization of 3D Collagen Networks and the Effect of Embedded Cells.
|
Collagen microstructure is closely related to the mechanical properties of tissues and affects cell migration through the extracellular matrix. To study these structures, three-dimensional (3D) in vitro collagen-based gels are often used, attempting to mimic the natural environment of cells. Some key parameters of the microstructure of these gels are fiber orientation, fiber length, or pore size, which define the mechanical properties of the network and therefore condition cell behavior. In the present study, an automated tool to reconstruct 3D collagen networks is used to extract the aforementioned parameters of gels of different collagen concentration and determine how their microstructure is affected by the presence of cells. Two different experiments are presented to test the functionality of the method: first, collagen gels are embedded within a microfluidic device and collagen fibers are imaged by using confocal fluorescence microscopy; second, collagen gels are directly polymerized in a cell culture dish and collagen fibers are imaged by confocal reflection microscopy. Finally, we investigate and compare the collagen microstructure far from and in the vicinities of MDA-MB 23 cells, finding that cell activity during migration was able to strongly modify the orientation of the collagen fibers and the porosity-related values.
|
['Biomechanical Phenomena', 'Cell Line', 'Cell Movement', 'Chemical Phenomena', 'Collagen', 'Humans', 'Hydrogels', 'Imaging, Three-Dimensional', 'Microscopy, Confocal', 'Microscopy, Fluorescence', 'Tissue Engineering', 'Tissue Scaffolds']
| 31,210,124
|
[['G01.154.090', 'G01.374.089'], ['A11.251.210'], ['G04.198', 'G07.568.500.180'], ['G02'], ['D05.750.078.280', 'D12.776.860.300.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D20.280.320.375', 'D26.255.165.320.375'], ['E01.370.350.400', 'L01.224.308.410'], ['E01.370.350.515.395', 'E05.595.395'], ['E01.370.350.515.458', 'E05.595.458'], ['E05.481.500.311.500', 'J01.293.069.249.500'], ['E07.206.627', 'E07.695.825']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Antagonism in isolated equine digital vessels of contraction induced by epinephrine in the presence of hydrocortisone and an aqueous extract of black walnut (Juglans nigra).
|
Prazosin, isoxsuprine, and nifedipine were screened for ability to reverse contraction of isolated equine digital vascular strips produced by epinephrine (Epi) in the presence of hydrocortisone (Hc) and an aqueous extract of black walnut (Juglans nigra) (BW). Two arteries and two veins from each of three horses for each drug (n = 9) were maintained in isolated tissue baths in Krebs' bicarbonate buffer with 95% oxygen at 37 degrees C. Six-point Epi concentration-response (C-R) curves were obtained for each vessel in the presence of Hc, BW, and the appropriate vehicle. This was repeated for each vessel using one of two concentrations of one of the three test drugs. Each drug and concentration combination was tested on a total of three arteries and three veins. Prazosin produced a concentration-dependent shift of the Epi C-R curve to the right but the curve maintained the same maximum height and slope, which is consistent with competitive alpha 1 adrenergic blockade. Isoxsuprine exhibited similar behavior, although the precise mechanism of action for isoxsuprine is unknown. Conversely, nifedipine did not shift the curve but did depress maximum contraction, suggesting a non-competitive interaction consistent with its mechanism of calcium-channel blockade.
|
['Animals', 'Chi-Square Distribution', 'Epinephrine', 'Horses', 'Hydrocortisone', 'Isoxsuprine', 'Muscle Contraction', 'Muscle, Smooth, Vascular', 'Nifedipine', 'Plant Extracts', 'Prazosin', 'Trees']
| 2,614,858
|
[['B01.050'], ['E05.318.740.994.300', 'G17.820.300', 'N05.715.360.750.750.200', 'N06.850.520.830.994.300'], ['D02.033.100.291.310', 'D02.092.063.291.310', 'D02.092.211.215.454', 'D02.092.311.461', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.175.461'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.984.235.472'], ['D04.210.500.745.745.654.600', 'D06.472.040.585.353.476', 'D06.472.040.585.478.392'], ['D02.033.100.624.427', 'D02.033.755.624.427', 'D02.092.471.683.560'], ['G11.427.494'], ['A02.633.570.491', 'A07.015.733.500', 'A10.690.467.491'], ['D03.383.725.203.540'], ['D20.215.784.500', 'D26.667'], ['D03.633.100.786.750'], ['B01.650.915']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Effect of energy substrates on protein degradation in isolated small intestinal enterocytes from rats.
|
BACKGROUND: Nutrients affect small intestinal protein mass and metabolism, but studies on the effect of nutrients on small intestinal protein degradation are very limited due to a lack of a proper method. The objectives of this study were to establish a method to directly estimate protein degradation in isolated enterocytes from rats and to test the effect of energy substrates on protein degradation.METHODS: Male Sprague-Dawley rats (150-200 g, n>or=8 per treatment) were used. Cell viability, tyrosine release as an indicator of protein degradation, and the effect of osmolarity, 50 mmol/L glucose, 20 mmol/L beta-hydroxybutyrate, 4.7 mmol/L butyrate, and 30 mmol/L glutamine on protein degradation were measured.RESULTS: The average viability of enterocytes at time 30 minutes was 85.8% (range, 81%-94%). Tyrosine release was linear over the course of experiments, indicating constant protein degradation (R2=0.9943; p<.05). Osmolarity, glucose, and glutamine had no effect on protein degradation in isolated enterocytes. Beta-hydroxybutyrate significantly decreased it (-16%; p<.05), whereas butyrate slightly increased it (+5%; p<.05).CONCLUSIONS: A high viability and constant protein degradation indicate a successful establishment of a method to estimate protein degradation in isolated small intestinal enterocytes from rats. The large effect of beta-hydroxybutyrate suggests a potential positive role for ketone bodies to limit the loss of small intestinal protein mass by decreasing protein degradation.
|
['3-Hydroxybutyric Acid', 'Analysis of Variance', 'Animals', 'Cell Survival', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Energy Metabolism', 'Enterocytes', 'Glucose', 'Glutamine', 'Intestine, Small', 'Male', 'Osmolar Concentration', 'Proteins', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Tyrosine']
| 17,047,174
|
[['D02.241.081.114.937.349', 'D02.241.511.429.349', 'D02.522.585.087', 'D10.251.400.143.781.500'], ['E05.318.740.150', 'N05.715.360.750.125', 'N06.850.520.830.150'], ['B01.050'], ['G04.346'], ['A11.251'], ['G03.295'], ['A03.556.124.369.290', 'A10.615.550.444.290', 'A11.436.290'], ['D09.947.875.359.448'], ['D12.125.068.330', 'D12.125.095.461', 'D12.125.154.424'], ['A03.556.124.684'], ['G02.640'], ['D12.776'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['D12.125.072.050.875']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Assisted migration to address climate change: recommendations for aspen reforestation in western Canada.
|
Human-aided movement of species populations in large-scale reforestation programs could be a potent and cost-effective climate change adaptation strategy. Such large-scale management interventions, however, tend to entail the risks of unintended consequences, and we propose that three conditions should be met before implementing assisted migration in reforestation programs: (1) evidence of a climate-related adaptational lag, (2) observed biological impacts, and (3) robust model projections to target assisted migration efforts. In a case study of aspen (Populus tremuloides Michaux.) we use reciprocal transplant experiments to study adaptation of tree populations to local environments. Second, we monitor natural aspen populations using the MODIS enhanced vegetation index as a proxy for forest health and productivity. Last, we report results from bioclimate envelope models that predict suitable habitat for locally adapted genotypes under observed and predicted climate change. The combined results support assisted migration prescriptions and indicate that the risk of inaction likely exceeds the risk associated with changing established management practices. However, uncertainty in model projections also implies that we are restricted to a relatively short 20-year planning horizon for prescribing seed movement in reforestation programs. We believe that this study exemplifies a safe and realistic climate change adaptation strategy based on multiple sources of information and some understanding of the uncertainty associated with recommendations for assisted migration. Ad hoc migration prescriptions without a similar level of supporting information should be avoided in reforestation programs.
|
['Adaptation, Physiological', 'Canada', 'Climate Change', 'Demography', 'Ecosystem', 'Environmental Monitoring', 'Models, Theoretical', 'Populus', 'Remote Sensing Technology', 'Seeds', 'Trees']
| 21,830,704
|
[['G07.025', 'G16.012.500'], ['Z01.107.567.176'], ['G16.500.175.374'], ['I01.240', 'N01.224', 'N06.850.505.400'], ['G16.500.275.157', 'N06.230.124'], ['N06.850.460.350.080', 'N06.850.780.375'], ['E05.599'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.859.797.875.453'], ['E01.370.520.750.500', 'E05.925.500', 'L01.178.847.675.500'], ['A18.024.500.750', 'G07.203.300.775', 'J02.500.775'], ['B01.650.915']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Palliative gastrectomy is beneficial in selected cases of metastatic gastric cancer.
|
BACKGROUND: Salvage chemotherapy is the mainstay of treatment for metastatic gastric cancer (mGC). This study aimed to clarify the effects of palliative gastrectomy (PG) and identify prognostic factors in mGC patients undergoing PG.METHODS: This was a retrospective review of 333 mGC patients receiving PG or a non-resection procedure (NR) between 2000 and 2010. Clinicopathological factors affecting the prognosis of these patients were collected prospectively and analyzed.RESULTS: One hundred and ninety-three patients underwent PG and 140 NR. The clinicopathological characteristics were comparable between the two groups except for metastatic pattern. There were no significant differences in postoperative morbidity and mortality between the two groups. The PG group had a significantly longer median overall survival compared with the NR group (7.7 months vs. 4.9 months). In the PG group, age ?58 years, preoperative albumin level >3 g/dL, ratio of metastatic to examined lymph nodes ?0.58, and administration of chemotherapy were independent prognostic factors in multivariate analysis.CONCLUSIONS: Patients undergoing PG had better outcomes than those undergoing NR. Among the patients undergoing resection, age ?58 years, a better preoperative nutritional status, less nodal involvement and postoperative chemotherapy independently affected patient survival.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Female', 'Gastrectomy', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Palliative Care', 'Prognosis', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Salvage Therapy', 'Stomach Neoplasms', 'Survival Analysis', 'Young Adult']
| 28,288,593
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['E04.210.419'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E02.760.666', 'N02.421.585.666'], ['E01.789'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E02.895'], ['C04.588.274.476.767', 'C06.301.371.767', 'C06.405.249.767', 'C06.405.748.789'], ['E05.318.740.998', 'N05.715.360.750.795', 'N06.850.520.830.998'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Cryopreservation of human spermatozoa: an assessment of methodology using rhodamine 123.
|
Rhodamine 123 fluorescent labeling of the human spermatozoal midpiece was used as a means of monitoring spermatozoal viability. This simple procedure was used in three separate studies to establish differential spermatozoal survival. Twenty ejaculates of reasonable quality were taken from men attending the Cromwell Hospital IVF Clinic. These were split three ways: cultured fresh at 37 degrees C as for IVF, or frozen/thawed and then cultured at 37 degrees C after freezing in either an egg yolk-free glycerol cryoprotectant or an egg yolk citrate medium. An expected overall difference in viability between fresh and frozen/thawed spermatozoa was observed, with no significant difference between the cryoprotective abilities of the two cryoprotectants studied. Four ejaculates were either frozen/thawed in the egg yolk-free cryoprotectant or cultured fresh, and both were subsequently stored at room temperature. Fall-off in frozen/thawed spermatozoal viability was more rapid than for the fresh cultured spermatozoa, although all spermatozoa survived longer at room temperature than at 37 degrees C. Five ejaculates were split to culture their spermatozoa at 37 degrees C in media containing either human or bovine serum albumin, or human fetal cord serum. BSA proved to be the least successful of protein supplements in maintaining spermatozoal viability, with HSA and cord serum giving rise to comparable viability of spermatozoa cultured in each. RH 123 is recommended as an alternative means of assessing human spermatozoal viability, and the results arising from the use of this technique here are discussed with their particular relevance to semen freezing and preparation in IVF centers.
|
['Cell Survival', 'Culture Media', 'Freezing', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Rhodamine 123', 'Rhodamines', 'Semen Preservation', 'Spermatozoa', 'Xanthenes']
| 3,606,271
|
[['G04.346'], ['D27.720.470.305', 'E07.206'], ['G01.645.500', 'G01.906.595.272.437', 'G02.734.466'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D03.633.300.953.600.500'], ['D03.633.300.953.600'], ['E02.792.833.890', 'E05.760.833.890'], ['A05.360.490.890', 'A11.497.760'], ['D03.633.300.953']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The incidence of ulcerative keratitis among aphakic contact lens wearers in New England.
|
We conducted a population-based incidence study in five New England states to quantify the risk of ulcerative keratitis associated with contact lens use among aphakic persons. All practicing ophthalmologists in the five-state area were surveyed to identify prospectively all new cases of ulcerative keratitis during a 4-month period. The number of aphakic persons using specific types of contact lenses was estimated through a telephone survey of 4178 households identified by random digit dialing. The annualized incidence of ulcerative keratitis among aphakic persons using contact lenses was estimated to be 52 cases per 10,000 aphakic contact lens wearers (95% confidence interval (CI), 31.1 to 86.9). The risk of ulcerative keratitis varied substantially by lens use, with extended wear having an estimated sevenfold greater risk relative to daily wear (95% CI, 1.6 to 30.2). Rates of ulcerative keratitis in aphakic persons using contact lenses were much greater than rates among cosmetic wearers of the same lens type: for daily-wear lenses, aphakic persons were estimated to have 6.3 times the risk of cosmetic wearers (95% CI, 1.9 to 21.0), and for extended-wear lenses, aphakic persons were estimated to have 8.7 times the risk of cosmetic wearers (95% CI, 3.5 to 21.9). These risks are useful in assessing the benefits and risks of contact lens wear as an alternative to other methods of aphakic correction.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aphakia, Postcataract', 'Child', 'Contact Lenses', 'Contact Lenses, Extended-Wear', 'Contact Lenses, Hydrophilic', 'Corneal Ulcer', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Incidence', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'New England', 'Prospective Studies', 'Random Allocation', 'Risk Factors']
| 1,987,926
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['C11.510.103.110'], ['M01.060.406'], ['E07.632.500.276'], ['E07.632.500.276.360.220'], ['E07.632.500.276.360'], ['C01.375.177', 'C11.204.564.225', 'C11.294.177'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.375', 'N01.224.935.597.500', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.375', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.375'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['Z01.107.567.875.550'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E05.318.370.700', 'E05.581.500.805', 'N05.715.360.325.675', 'N06.850.520.445.700'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
A PXR reporter gene assay in a stable cell culture system: CYP3A4 and CYP2B6 induction by pesticides.
|
A stable hepatoma cell line expressing the human pregnane X receptor (hPXR) and the cytochrome P4503A4 (CYP3A4) distal and proximal promoters plus the luciferase reporter gene was developed to assess the ability of several xenobiotic agents to induce CYP3A4 and CYP2B6. After selection for neomycin resistance, one clone, displaying high luciferase activity in response to rifampicin (RIF), was isolated and the stable expression of hPXR was confirmed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Dose-response curves were generated by treating these cells with increasing concentrations of RIF, phenobarbital (PB), clotrimazole (CLOT) or 5beta-pregnane-3,20-dione (5beta-PREGN). The effective concentrations for half maximal response (EC50) were determined for each of these compounds. RIF was the most effective compound, with maximal luciferase activity induced at 10 microM. The agonist activities of PXR-specific inducers measured using our stable model were consistent with those measured in transient transfectants. The abilities of organochlorine (OC), organophosphate (OP) and pyrethroid pesticides (PY) to activate hPXR were also assessed and found to be consistent with the abilities of these compounds to induce CYP3A4 and CYP2B6 in primary culture of human hepatocytes. These results suggest that CYP3A4 and CYP2B6 regulation through PXR activation by persistent pesticides may have an impact on the metabolism of xenobiotic agents and endogenous steroid hormones. Our model provides a useful tool for studying hPXR activation and for identifying agents capable of inducing CYP3A4 and CYP2B6.
|
['Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases', 'Cytochrome P-450 CYP2B6', 'Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A', 'Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System', 'Enzyme Induction', 'Genes, Reporter', 'Hepatocytes', 'Humans', 'Oxidoreductases, N-Demethylating', 'Pesticides', 'Pregnane X Receptor', 'Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear', 'Receptors, Steroid', 'Transfection', 'Tumor Cells, Cultured']
| 15,548,381
|
[['D08.244.453.005', 'D08.811.682.690.708.170.010', 'D12.776.422.220.453.010'], ['D08.244.453.005.575', 'D08.244.453.491.344', 'D08.811.682.690.708.170.010.575', 'D08.811.682.690.708.170.450.344', 'D12.776.422.220.453.010.575', 'D12.776.422.220.453.491.344'], ['D08.244.453.860.500', 'D08.811.682.662.582.353', 'D08.811.682.690.708.170.495.500', 'D12.776.422.220.453.860.500'], ['D08.244.453', 'D08.811.682.690.708.170', 'D12.776.422.220.453'], ['G05.308.320.200'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.435'], ['A11.436.348'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D08.811.682.662.582'], ['D27.720.031.700', 'D27.888.723'], ['D12.776.826.750.075', 'D12.776.930.778.175'], ['D12.776.826'], ['D12.776.826.750', 'D12.776.930.778'], ['E05.393.350.810', 'G05.728.860'], ['A11.251.860']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Effect of chronic ETA-selective endothelin receptor antagonism on blood pressure in experimental and genetic hypertension in rats.
|
1. Chronic treatment with a combined ETA/ETB endothelin receptor antagonist has been shown to reduce blood pressure in experimental rat models of hypertension in which endothelin-1 gene overexpression occurs in the walls of blood vessels, particularly small, resistance-sized arteries, but not in those genetic or experimental models of hypertension in which there is no overexpression of vascular endothelin-1. Failure of some experimental models of hypertension to respond to treatment with the combined ETA/ETB endothelin antagonist may be due in part to blockade of vasorelaxant endothelial ETB receptors which could in theory reduce the efficacy of endothelin antagonism. 2. In this study the orally active ETA-selective endothelin antagonists A-127722.5 and LU 135252 were used in chronic experiments on deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt hypertensive rats (which overexpress vascular endothelin-1 and respond with blood pressure lowering to combined ETA/ETB endothelin receptor antagonism), on spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) (which do not overexpress vascular endothelin-1 and do not respond with blood pressure lowering to the combined ETA/ETB receptor antagonist), and in 1-kidney 1 clip Goldblatt (1-K IC) hypertensive rats (which present mild overexpression of vascular endothelin-1 but do not respond with blood pressure lowering to the combined ETA/ETB receptor antagonist). Additionally, it has been suggested that interruption of the renin-angiotensin system may sensitize responses to endothelin antagonism. Accordingly, SHR were treated with an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, cilazapril, in addition to the ETA receptor antagonist. 3. Blood pressure of DOCA-salt hypertensive rats was lowered by a mean of 24 and of 27 mmHg (P < 0.01) by A-127722.5 after 4 weeks of treatment, when given orally at two different doses (10 and 30 mg kg-1 day-1), and by 18 mmHg by LU 135252 50 mg kg-1 day-1. 4. SHR treated with A-127722.5 for 8 weeks starting at 12 weeks of age exhibited the same progressive rise in blood pressure as untreated SHR. Addition of cilazapril resulted in similar reduction of blood pressure in A-127722.5-treated and untreated SHR. 5. Treatment of 1-K IC hypertensive rats with the dose of LU 135252 which lowered blood pressure in DOCA-salt hypertensive rats did not cause any reduction in blood pressure relative to untreated rats. 6. These results demonstrate that treatment with either dose of the selective ETA receptor antagonists A-127722.5 or LU 135252 caused reductions in blood pressure similar to those obtained for a combined ETA/ETB endothelin antagonist. Blood pressure was lowered only in hypertensive rats known to overexpress vascular endothelin-1 (DOCA-salt hypertensive rats) but not in those which do not (SHR) or only have mild vascular overexpression of endothelin-1 gene (1-K 1C hypertensive rats). Reduction in activity of the renin-angiotensin system in SHR did not sensitize blood pressure to potential hypotensive effects of an ETA-selective receptor antagonist.
|
['Animals', 'Antihypertensive Agents', 'Atrasentan', 'Blood Pressure', 'Desoxycorticosterone', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Endothelin Receptor Antagonists', 'Endothelins', 'Hemodynamics', 'Hypertension', 'Hypertension, Renovascular', 'Male', 'Phenylpropionates', 'Pyrimidines', 'Pyrrolidines', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred SHR', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Renin']
| 9,222,550
|
[['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.411.162'], ['D03.383.246.118.300', 'D03.383.773.079', 'D03.633.100.115.300'], ['E01.370.600.875.249', 'G09.330.380.076'], ['D04.210.500.745.745.654.339', 'D06.472.040.585.611'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['D27.505.519.364'], ['D12.644.276.400', 'D12.776.467.400', 'D23.529.400'], ['G09.330.380'], ['C14.907.489'], ['C12.777.419.331.490', 'C13.351.968.419.331.490', 'C14.907.489.631.485'], ['D02.241.223.701'], ['D03.383.742'], ['D03.383.773'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760.300', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['D08.811.277.656.074.500.780', 'D08.811.277.656.300.048.780', 'D08.811.277.656.837.750']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Selective fimbria and thalamic lesions differentially impair forms of working memory in rats.
|
Several series of experiments were designed to compare the effects of selective lesions of the fimbria or of thalamic nuclei on three different tasks involving working memory in rats: object recognition, place recognition, and the radial arm maze test. The main effects of fimbria lesions were as follows: they produced deficits in the radial maze; object recognition was spared or even facilitated, whereas place recognition was impaired. Electrolytic lesions of either centromedian-parafascicularis (CM-Pf) or dorsomedialis (DM) nuclei produced highly significant deficits in the radial maze test but spared object and place recognition. Ibotenate lesions of the CM-Pf had no effect on any test, which means that the critical structure in the effects of the electrolytic lesions of the CM-Pf was the fasciculus retroflexus (FR). These data may contribute two main points to animal models of hippocampal and thalamic amnesia: (1) different forms of working memory in rats might have different neural bases and (2) the FR may be involved in learning and memory processes.
|
['Animals', 'Brain Mapping', 'Discrimination Learning', 'Form Perception', 'Hippocampus', 'Male', 'Mental Recall', 'Neural Pathways', 'Orientation', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Strains', 'Retention, Psychology', 'Septum Pellucidum', 'Thalamic Nuclei']
| 1,759,943
|
[['B01.050'], ['E01.370.350.578.875.500', 'E01.370.376.537.625.500', 'E05.629.875.500'], ['F02.463.425.280'], ['F02.463.593.373', 'F02.463.593.778.435'], ['A08.186.211.180.405', 'A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.345'], ['F02.463.425.540.641'], ['A08.612'], ['F01.058.577', 'F02.830.606'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400'], ['F02.463.425.540.772'], ['A08.186.211.140.814', 'A08.186.211.180.750.900', 'A08.186.211.200.885.750.814'], ['A08.186.211.200.317.826.701']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Oxidative modification of M-type K(+) channels as a mechanism of cytoprotective neuronal silencing.
|
Voltage-gated K(+) channels of the Kv7 family underlie the neuronal M current that regulates action potential firing. Suppression of M current increases excitability and its enhancement can silence neurons. We here show that three of five Kv7 channels undergo strong enhancement of their activity by oxidative modification induced by physiological concentrations of hydrogen peroxide. A triple cysteine pocket in the channel S2-S3 linker is critical for this effect. Oxidation-induced enhancement of M current produced a hyperpolarization and a dramatic reduction of action potential firing frequency in rat sympathetic neurons. As hydrogen peroxide is robustly produced during hypoxia-induced oxidative stress, we used an oxygen/glucose deprivation neurodegeneration model that showed neuronal death to be severely accelerated by M current blockade. Such blockade had no effect on survival of normoxic neurons. This work describes a novel pathway of M-channel regulation and suggests a role for M channels in protective neuronal silencing during oxidative stress.
|
['Animals', 'CHO Cells', 'Cell Hypoxia', 'Cell Survival', 'Cricetinae', 'Cricetulus', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Gene Silencing', 'Glucose', 'Humans', 'Hydrogen Peroxide', 'KCNQ Potassium Channels', 'Membrane Potentials', 'Models, Neurological', 'Neurodegenerative Diseases', 'Neurons', 'Oxidants', 'Oxidation-Reduction', 'Oxidative Stress', 'Rats', 'Sweetening Agents']
| 17,024,175
|
[['B01.050'], ['A11.251.210.200', 'A11.436.155'], ['G03.197.300', 'G04.270.300'], ['G04.346'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.075.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.075.250.250'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['G05.308.203.374'], ['D09.947.875.359.448'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D01.248.497.158.685.750.424', 'D01.339.431.374.424', 'D01.650.550.750.400', 'D02.389.338.253'], ['D12.776.157.530.400.600.900.124.249', 'D12.776.543.550.450.750.900.124.249', 'D12.776.543.585.400.750.900.124.249'], ['G01.154.535', 'G04.580', 'G07.265.675', 'G11.561.570'], ['E05.599.395.642'], ['C10.574'], ['A08.675', 'A11.671'], ['D27.720.642', 'D27.888.569.540'], ['G02.700', 'G03.295.531'], ['G03.673', 'G07.775.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['D27.720.372.300.353.609', 'G07.203.300.514.500.400.700', 'J02.500.514.500.400.700']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Human T lymphocyte phenotypes after bone marrow transplantation. T cells expressing Ia-like antigen.
|
Peripheral blood Ia-positive (Ia+) T cells were enumerated in 52 patients who had received allogeneic or syngeneic bone marrow transplantation for the treatment of acute leukemia or severe aplastic anemia. Twenty-two normal people showed 3 +/- 2% of peripheral blood T cells to be Ia+. During the first 130 days posttransplant, all patient groups showed a moderate elevation in the percentage (mean: 21-26%) of Ia+ T cells, regardless of the type of transplant performed, and regardless of the presence or absence of acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Although there was marked individual variation (range 5-76%), there was a trend towards a decrease in the percentage of Ia+ T cells with increasing time after transplantation. Long-term survivors still showed a small (range 3-20%, mean 10%) but significant elevation in the relative number of Ia+ T cells 1-3.4 years after transplantation, regardless of the presence or absence of chronic GVHD. It is not currently known why Ia+ T cells are found in these patients, but accelerated lymphopoiesis, subclinical infection, and excessive immune stimulation caused by microorganisms or other foreign antigens could be contributing factors.
|
['Acute Disease', 'Adult', 'Anemia, Aplastic', 'Bone Marrow Transplantation', 'Graft vs Host Reaction', 'Histocompatibility Antigens Class II', 'Humans', 'Leukemia', 'Phenotype', 'T-Lymphocytes']
| 6,351,369
|
[['C23.550.291.125'], ['M01.060.116'], ['C15.378.071.085', 'C15.378.190.223.250'], ['E02.095.147.725.040', 'E04.936.580.040'], ['G12.875.402'], ['D12.776.395.550.509', 'D12.776.543.550.440', 'D23.050.301.500.400', 'D23.050.705.552.410'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.557.337'], ['G05.695'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.569', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
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