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Multi-locus variable-number tandem repeat profiling of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi isolates from blood cultures and gallbladder specimens from Makassar, South-Sulawesi, Indonesia.
|
Multi-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis differentiated 297 Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi blood culture isolates from Makassar in 76 genotypes and a single unique S. Typhi genotype was isolated from the cholecystectomy specimens of four patients with cholelithiasis. The high diversity in S. Typhi genotypes circulating in Makassar indicates that the number of carriers could be very large, which may complicate disease prevention and control.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Bacterial Typing Techniques', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Child', 'Cholecystectomy', 'Cholelithiasis', 'Female', 'Gallbladder', 'Genetic Variation', 'Genotype', 'Humans', 'Indonesia', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Minisatellite Repeats', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Salmonella typhi', 'Typhoid Fever', 'Young Adult']
| 21,949,819
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E01.370.225.875.150.125', 'E05.200.875.150.125'], ['A11.251'], ['M01.060.406'], ['E04.210.120.172'], ['C06.130.409'], ['A03.159.439'], ['G05.365'], ['G05.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.252.145.380', 'Z01.639.580'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G02.111.570.080.708.800.550', 'G05.360.080.708.800.550', 'G05.360.340.024.850.550'], ['E05.393.620.500'], ['B03.440.450.425.800.200.800', 'B03.660.250.150.710.160.750'], ['C01.150.252.400.310.821.873'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
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| 1
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|
Carbon dioxide requirement of various species of rumen bacteria.
|
The carbon dioxide requirement of 32 strains of rumen bacteria, representing 11 different species, was studied in detail. Increasing concentrations of CO(2) were added as NaHCO(3) to a specially prepared CO(2)-free medium which was tubed and inoculated under nitrogen. Prior depletion of CO(2) in the inoculum was found to affect the level of requirement; however, the complexity and buffering capacity of the medium did not appear to be involved. An absolute requirement for CO(2) was observed for eight strains of Bacteroides ruminicola, three strains of Bacteroides succinogenes, four strains of Ruminococcus flavefaciens, two strains of Lachnospira multiparus, one strain of Succinimonas amylolytica, and two strains of Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens. Inconsistent growth responses were obtained in CO(2)-free media with one strain each of B. fibrisolvens, Ruminococcus albus, and Selenomonas ruminantium. Growth of six additional strains of B. fibrisolvens, and single strains of Eubacterium ruminantium and Succinivibrio dextrinosolvens was markedly increased or stimulated by increasing concentrations of CO(2). Peptostreptococcus elsdenii B159 was the only organism tested which appeared to have no requirement, either absolute or partial, for CO(2). Higher concentrations of CO(2) were required for the initiation of growth, as well as for optimal growth, by those species which produce succinic acid as one of their primary end products.
|
['Agar', 'Bacteria', 'Bicarbonates', 'Carbon Dioxide', 'Chromatography', 'Cysteine', 'Disaccharides']
| 5,541,030
|
[['D09.698.360.041'], ['B03'], ['D01.200.275.150.100', 'D01.248.497.158.165.100'], ['D01.200.200', 'D01.362.150', 'D01.650.550.200'], ['E05.196.181'], ['D02.886.030.230', 'D02.886.489.155', 'D12.125.154.299', 'D12.125.166.230'], ['D09.698.629.305', 'D09.947.750']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Genetic variation in the purine nucleoside phosphorylase activity of sheep red cells.
|
The purine nucleoside phosphorylase (NP) activity of sheep red cells was determined by starch gel electrophoresis and by a spectrophotometric assay technique. Some sheep had high activity (NP-high type) and some had low or zero activity (NP-low type). The enzyme deficiency is apparently confined to the red cell since other tissues from NP-low type animals had activities similar to those from NP-high type individuals. Family data indicated that NP activity is controlled by a pair of autosomal allelic genes, designated NPH and NPL. Sheep heterozygous for the NP genes had lower enzymic activities than homozygous high-type individuals. The frequency of NP types in different breeds of sheep was determined. Barbary and Mouflon sheep had activities similar to NP-high type domestic sheep; goats had high enzyme activities but their NP had a slower electrophoretic mobility than that of sheep.
|
['Animals', 'Erythrocytes', 'Genes', 'Genetic Variation', 'Goats', 'Kidney', 'Kinetics', 'Lens, Crystalline', 'Liver', 'Lung', 'Myocardium', 'Pentosyltransferases', 'Purine-Nucleoside Phosphorylase', 'Sheep', 'Species Specificity', 'Spleen']
| 826,195
|
[['B01.050'], ['A11.118.290', 'A11.443.240', 'A15.145.229.334'], ['G05.360.340.024.340'], ['G05.365'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.513'], ['A05.810.453'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['A09.371.060.500'], ['A03.620'], ['A04.411'], ['A02.633.580', 'A07.541.704', 'A10.690.552.750'], ['D08.811.913.400.725'], ['D08.811.913.400.725.800'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.791'], ['G16.824'], ['A10.549.700', 'A15.382.520.604.700']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
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| 0
| 1
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|
Delayed repair of an extensive lip laceration in a colt using an Estlander flap.
|
A vascularized full-thickness Estlander flap was used to repair a defect involving approximately 40% of the left lower lip of a colt. Postoperative problems were (1) providing nutritional support, (2) minimizing movement at the surgical site, and (3) partial wound dehiscence resulting in a salivary fistula. The surgical site healed well and the colt was left with a fully functional and cosmetic lower lip.
|
['Animals', 'Horses', 'Lip', 'Postoperative Care', 'Surgical Flaps']
| 3,232,331
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.984.235.472'], ['A01.456.505.631.515', 'A14.549.336'], ['E02.760.731.700', 'E04.604.500', 'N02.421.585.722.700'], ['A10.850.710', 'E07.862.710']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
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Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis: A diagnostic and therapeutic challenge.
|
BACKGROUND: Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis is a rare benign breast disease of women of reproductive age. It usually presents as a painful mass. Since the etiology is unclear, directed diagnosis and management is lacking.METHODS: This is a retrospective chart review of 14 patients, over twelve years (2004-2016), identified through query of pathology findings.RESULTS: Two asymptomatic patients were diagnosed after oncologic breast resection following neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The remaining twelve patients were young (31.7 years, range 23-43 years), predominantly non-white (50% African/African-American, 36% Hispanic, 7% Asian), pregnant within the last five years (86%), with no prior granulomatous disease. Evaluation included breast imaging, microbial cultures and staining, and biopsy. Treatment included antibiotics (57%), corticosteroids (21%), methotrexate (7%), and/or surgery (71%). Imaging suggests segmental masses, possibly abscess.CONCLUSION: Granulomatous mastitis is uncommon, and difficult to diagnose and manage. We review our experience, the literature, and propose an algorithm for diagnosis and management.
|
['Adrenal Cortex Hormones', 'Adult', 'Biopsy', 'Combined Modality Therapy', 'Diagnostic Imaging', 'Female', 'Granulomatous Mastitis', 'Humans', 'Middle Aged', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Risk Factors', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 28,739,122
|
[['D06.472.040'], ['M01.060.116'], ['E01.370.225.500.384.100', 'E01.370.225.998.054', 'E01.370.388.100', 'E04.074', 'E05.200.500.384.100', 'E05.200.998.054', 'E05.242.384.100'], ['E02.186'], ['E01.370.350'], ['C13.703.844.603.400', 'C17.800.090.968.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
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|
[Squamous cell carcinomas of the eyelids: 18 cases].
|
PURPOSE: Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is relatively uncommon in eyelid (1 to 2% of all eyelid lesions). The true frequency of this tumor has been difficult to estimate because of a tendency for overdiagnosis (basal cell carcinoma and sebaceous carcinoma) in published reports of eyelids lesions.METHODS: We present a retrospective review of a series of 18 patients, surgically treated in our hospital between 1990 and 1998, analysing their characteristics.RESULTS: The pathologic examination revealed 18 SCC. Tumors developed most frequently in males, lower eyelid and right eye. The mean age and highest incidence decade were 71 years old and 71-80 years old (45%).CONCLUSIONS: SCC is the second common malignant eyelid tumor. Male are most affected. Recurrence after surgical excision is uncommon, but three of our patients developed orbital invasion (16.6%). SCC are much more likely to metastasise than basal cell carcinomas. They arise from pre-existing actinic keratoses, however, they possess less metastasic risk than other presentations. Unfortunately, our culture values the well-tanned look. At-risk patients may pay the ultimate price for this vanity.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Carcinoma, Squamous Cell', 'Eyelid Neoplasms', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Retrospective Studies']
| 11,151,245
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['C04.557.470.200.400', 'C04.557.470.700.400'], ['C04.588.443.392.500', 'C11.319.421', 'C11.338.526'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
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Bilirubin mediated oxidative stress involves antioxidant response activation via Nrf2 pathway.
|
Unconjugated bilirubin (UCB) is responsible for neonatal jaundice and high level of free bilirubin (Bf) can lead to kernicterus. Previous studies suggest that oxidative stress is a critical component of UCB-induced neurotoxicity. The Nrf2 pathway is a powerful sensor for cellular redox state and is activated directly by oxidative stress and/or indirectly by stress response protein kinases. Activated Nrf2 translocates to nucleus, binds to Antioxidant Response Element (ARE), and enhances the up-regulation of cytoprotective genes that mediate cell survival. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of Nrf2 pathway in cell response to bilirubin mediated oxidative stress in the neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell line. Cells exposed to a toxic concentration of UCB (140 nM Bf) showed an increased intracellular ROS levels and enhanced nuclear accumulation of Nrf2 protein. UCB stimulated transcriptional induction of ARE-GFP reporter gene and induced mRNA expression of multiple antioxidant response genes as: xCT, Gly1, ãGCL-m, ãGCL-c, HO-1, NQO1, FTH, ME1, and ATF3. Nrf2 siRNA decreased UCB induced mRNA expression of HO1 (75%), NQO1 (54%), and FTH (40%). The Nrf2-related HO-1 induction was reduced to 60% in cells pre-treated with antioxidant (NAC) or specific signaling pathway inhibitors for PKC, P38á and MEK1/2 (80, 40 and 25%, respectively). In conclusion, we demonstrated that SH-SY5Y cells undergo an adaptive response against UCB-mediated oxidative stress by activation of multiple antioxidant response, in part through Nrf2 pathway.
|
['Acetylcysteine', 'Activating Transcription Factor 3', 'Antioxidant Response Elements', 'Antioxidants', 'Apoferritins', 'Bilirubin', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Cell Survival', 'Free Radical Scavengers', 'Heme Oxygenase-1', 'Hep G2 Cells', 'Humans', 'MAP Kinase Kinase 1', 'MAP Kinase Kinase 2', 'Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 14', 'NAD(P)H Dehydrogenase (Quinone)', 'NF-E2-Related Factor 2', 'Oxidative Stress', 'Protein Kinase C', 'RNA Interference', 'RNA, Messenger', 'RNA, Small Interfering', 'Reactive Oxygen Species', 'Signal Transduction', 'Transcription, Genetic', 'Transcriptional Activation']
| 24,308,969
|
[['D02.886.030.230.259', 'D12.125.166.230.259'], ['D12.776.260.108.061.875', 'D12.776.930.127.061.875'], ['G02.111.570.080.689.675.700.040', 'G05.360.080.689.675.700.040', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.750.680.765.040'], ['D27.505.519.217', 'D27.505.696.706.125', 'D27.720.799.047'], ['D12.776.070.345', 'D12.776.157.427.249.290', 'D12.776.556.579.249.290'], ['D03.383.129.578.840.249.184', 'D03.633.400.909.249.184', 'D04.345.783.249.184', 'D23.767.193.184'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['G04.346'], ['D27.505.519.217.500'], ['D08.811.682.690.708.410.500'], ['A11.251.860.180.432', 'A11.436.348.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.565.100', 'D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.200.100', 'D12.644.360.440.100', 'D12.776.476.440.100'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.565.200', 'D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.200.200', 'D12.644.360.440.200', 'D12.776.476.440.200'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.567.843.937', 'D12.644.360.450.835.800', 'D12.776.476.450.835.937'], ['D08.811.682.608.800.500'], ['D12.776.260.108.737', 'D12.776.930.127.737'], ['G03.673', 'G07.775.750'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.725'], ['G05.308.203.374.790'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['D13.150.650.700', 'D13.444.735.150.700', 'D13.444.735.790.552.875'], ['D01.339.431', 'D01.650.775'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['G02.111.873', 'G05.297.700'], ['G05.308.800']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
CyclinPred: a SVM-based method for predicting cyclin protein sequences.
|
Functional annotation of protein sequences with low similarity to well characterized protein sequences is a major challenge of computational biology in the post genomic era. The cyclin protein family is once such important family of proteins which consists of sequences with low sequence similarity making discovery of novel cyclins and establishing orthologous relationships amongst the cyclins, a difficult task. The currently identified cyclin motifs and cyclin associated domains do not represent all of the identified and characterized cyclin sequences. We describe a Support Vector Machine (SVM) based classifier, CyclinPred, which can predict cyclin sequences with high efficiency. The SVM classifier was trained with features of selected cyclin and non cyclin protein sequences. The training features of the protein sequences include amino acid composition, dipeptide composition, secondary structure composition and PSI-BLAST generated Position Specific Scoring Matrix (PSSM) profiles. Results obtained from Leave-One-Out cross validation or jackknife test, self consistency and holdout tests prove that the SVM classifier trained with features of PSSM profile was more accurate than the classifiers based on either of the other features alone or hybrids of these features. A cyclin prediction server--CyclinPred has been setup based on SVM model trained with PSSM profiles. CyclinPred prediction results prove that the method may be used as a cyclin prediction tool, complementing conventional cyclin prediction methods.
|
['Artificial Intelligence', 'Computational Biology', 'Cyclins', 'Databases, Protein', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Principal Component Analysis', 'Sequence Analysis, Protein']
| 18,596,929
|
[['G17.035.250', 'L01.224.050.375'], ['H01.158.273.180', 'L01.313.124'], ['D12.644.360.262', 'D12.776.167.218', 'D12.776.476.262'], ['L01.313.500.750.300.188.400.300.750', 'L01.313.500.750.300.188.400.325.710', 'L01.470.750.750.300.750', 'L01.470.750.750.325.710'], ['E05.318.370.800.650', 'N05.715.360.325.700.640', 'N06.850.520.445.800.650'], ['E05.318.740.562'], ['E05.393.760.705']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Transvaginal color Doppler study of blood flow in ectopic pregnancies.
|
OBJECTIVE: To compare Doppler indices of blood flow in the uterine and spiral arteries and the corpus luteum (CL), in ectopic and intrauterine pregnancies (IUPs).DESIGN: A prospective study of women with an ectopic or singleton IUP at the corresponding stage of gestation.SETTING: The Gynaecological Ultrasound Clinic, King's College Hospital.PATIENTS: Fifty-two women, 19 with an ectopic pregnancy (EP) and 33 with an IUP.INTERVENTIONS: All women were examined by transvaginal ultrasonography with color Doppler immediately before surgery.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The resistance index from the left and right uterine arteries, the spiral arteries, and the CL. The peak blood velocity (cm/sec) from the uterine arteries. The length of gestation.RESULTS: Fetal heart activity was observed in all cases of IUP at 5 weeks' gestation. Three women had an EP with a live embryo, 5 had an embryo with no heart activity, 5 contained only a yolk sac, and 2 had an empty sac. A hematocele was seen in 3 women, and 1 had tubal thickening. The mean uterine and spiral arterial resistance index decreased with the gestational age of IUPs but remained constant during EPs. Peak blood velocity in the uterine arteries increased with the gestational age of IUPs, and the values were significantly higher than in EPs. A CL was seen in 88% of women with an IUP and in 100% of women with an EP. The resistance index was similar in CL associated with both types of pregnancy, and the values did not change with gestational age.CONCLUSION: These data show that: (1) blood flow impedance in the uterine and spiral arteries, and CL, is similar in IUPs and EPs and (2) peak flow velocity in the uterine arteries reflects a decreased blood supply to EPs.
|
['Female', 'Humans', 'Pregnancy', 'Pregnancy, Ectopic', 'Prospective Studies', 'Reference Values', 'Regional Blood Flow', 'Ultrasonography', 'Uterus', 'Vagina', 'Vascular Resistance']
| 1,730,333
|
[['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['C13.703.733'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E05.978.810'], ['G09.330.100.780'], ['E01.370.350.850'], ['A05.360.319.679'], ['A05.360.319.779'], ['G09.330.380.921']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
The chloroplast small heat-shock protein oligomer is not phosphorylated and does not dissociate during heat stress in vivo.
|
Plants synthesize several classes of small (15- to 30-kD monomer) heat-shock proteins (sHSPs) in response to heat stress, including a nuclear-encoded, chloroplast-localized sHSP (HSP21). Cytosolic sHSPs exist as large oligomers (approximately 200-800 kD) composed solely or primarily of sHSPs. Phosphorylation of mammalian sHSPs causes oligomer dissociation, which appears to be important for regulation of sHSP function. We examined the native structure and phosphorylation of chloroplast HSP21 to understand this protein's basic properties and to compare it with cytosolic sHSPs. The apparent size of native HSP21 complexes was > 200 kD and they did not dissociate during heat stress. We found no evidence that HSP21 or the plant cytosolic sHSPs are phosphorylated in vivo. A partial HSP21 complex purified from heat-stressed pea (Pisum sativum L.) leaves contained no proteins other than HSP21. Mature recombinant pea and Arabidopsis thaliana HSP21 were expressed in Escherichia coli, and purified recombinant Arabidopsis HSP21 assembled into homo-oligomeric complexes with the same apparent molecular mass as HSP21 complexes observed in heat-stressed leaf tissue. We propose that the native, functional form of chloroplast HSP21 is a large, oligomeric complex containing nine or more HSP21 subunits, and that plant sHSPs are not regulated by phosphorylation-induced dissociation.
|
['Arabidopsis', 'Chloroplasts', 'Escherichia coli', 'Heat-Shock Proteins', 'Heat-Shock Response', 'Hot Temperature', 'Macromolecular Substances', 'Peas', 'Phosphorylation', 'Plant Leaves', 'Plant Proteins', 'Polymers']
| 9,501,148
|
[['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.157.100'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.700.140'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['D12.776.580.216'], ['G07.775.500'], ['G01.906.595.543', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710.380', 'G16.500.750.775.710.380', 'N06.230.300.100.725.232', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710.380'], ['D05'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.401.630'], ['G02.111.665', 'G02.607.780', 'G03.796'], ['A18.024.812'], ['D12.776.765'], ['D05.750', 'D25.720', 'J01.637.051.720']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of 60Co gamma-rays and 90Sr/90Y beta-rays on Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO-K1).
|
Among various types of ionizing radiation, the beta emitter radionuclides are involved in many sectors of human activity, such as nuclear medicine, nuclear industries and biomedicine, with a consequently increased risk of accidental, occupational or therapeutic exposure. Despite their recognized importance, there is little information about the effect of beta particles at the cellular level when compared to other types of ionizing radiation. Thus, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of (90)Sr/(90)Y-a pure, highly energetic beta source-on Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells and to compare them with data obtained with (60)Co. CHO cells irradiated with different doses of (60)Co (0.34 Gy min(-1)) and (90)Sr/(90)Y (0.23 Gy min(-1)) were processed for analysis of clonogenic death, induction of micronuclei (MN) and interphase death. The survival curves obtained for both types of radiation were fitted by the exponential quadratic model and were found to be similar. Also, the cytogenetic results showed similar frequencies of radio-induced MN between gamma and beta radiations and the MN distribution pattern among cells did not follow the expected Poisson probability pattern. The relative variance values were significantly higher in cells irradiated with (90)Sr/(90)Y than with (60)Co in all exposure doses. The irradiated cells showed more necrotic cells 72 h and 96 h after exposure to beta than to gamma radiation. In general, the (90)Sr/(90)Y beta-radiation was more damaging than (60)Co gamma-rays. The data obtained also demonstrated the need to use several parameters for a better estimate of cellular sensitivity to the action of genotoxic agents, which would be important in terms of radiobiology, oncology and therapeutics.
|
['Animals', 'Apoptosis', 'Beta Particles', 'CHO Cells', 'Cobalt Radioisotopes', 'Cricetinae', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation', 'Female', 'Gamma Rays', 'Necrosis', 'Strontium Radioisotopes']
| 15,138,771
|
[['B01.050'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['G01.750.750.125'], ['A11.251.210.200', 'A11.436.155'], ['D01.268.556.185.500.354', 'D01.268.956.155.500.354', 'D01.496.239.354', 'D01.496.749.256', 'D01.552.544.185.500.354'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.075.250'], ['E05.799.513.500', 'G01.750.740.500', 'G04.712.500', 'G07.225', 'G07.738.500', 'N06.850.810.250.180'], ['G01.358.500.505.300', 'G01.750.250.300', 'G01.750.750.400'], ['C23.550.717'], ['D01.268.552.850.500.685', 'D01.268.556.825.500.685', 'D01.496.749.815', 'D01.496.840.685', 'D01.552.539.861.500.685', 'D01.552.544.825.500.685']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
[Modern scoliosis surgery under the conditions of the German DRG-system].
|
In the German health system the payment of a hospital stay is standardised. The common basis is the G-DRG System (German diagnosis-related groups) in which every stay is paid by a lump sum. Scoliosis correction in our times means pedicle screw-based multilevel double rod instrumentation or anterior plate-rod instrumentation with primary stability. The outcome of those methods has improved the results of correction and decreased the complication rate but also means high costs due to the implants. Scoliosis correction is covered by DRG I06. Due to constant efforts a general improvement took place in the assessment of DRG I06. That is the reason why the losses incurred in DRG I06C could be lowered to 38% and in I06D to 22% in 2008. For an appropriate assessment further improvements are required.
|
['Diagnosis-Related Groups', 'Germany', 'Health Care Costs', 'Scoliosis', 'Spinal Fusion']
| 19,183,939
|
[['N03.219.521.710.305.200.080'], ['Z01.542.315'], ['N03.219.151.400', 'N05.300.375'], ['C05.116.900.800.875'], ['E04.555.100.700']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Complex alternative splicing partially inactivates the human chorionic somatomammotropin-like (hCS-L) gene.
|
The human growth hormone/human chorionic somatomammotropin (hGH/hCS) gene cluster contains five genes: hGH-N, hGH-V, hCS-A, hCS-B, and hCS-L. The expression of the first four genes has been well documented. In contrast, the hCS-L gene has been considered a pseudogene inactivated by loss of the normal intron 2 splice donor site. Previously our laboratory has shown that hCS-L transcripts are present in human placenta and that their levels are induced during the second trimester. More detailed studies of hCS-L transcript processing and mRNA structure are hindered by overwhelming levels of the structurally similar hCS-A and hCS-B transcripts in the placenta. To circumvent this problem, we have established stably transfected cell lines selectively expressing the hCS-L gene. Analysis of hCS-L mRNA from these cell lines demonstrates at least five major alternative splicing pathways, four of which could be confirmed qualitatively by parallel analysis of placental RNA. This analysis reveals an unexpectedly high frequency of exon 2 skipping (73%) as well as utilization of three competing exon 3 splice acceptor sites. Since exon 2 encodes the signal peptide, the majority of hCS-L transcripts are unable to express a secreted protein. Three of the defined hCS-L mRNAs contain an extended open reading frame similar to that present in the functional GH and CS genes. All three of these hCS-L transcripts are of minor abundance and only two, hCS-L(L) and hCS-L(L'), contain exon 2. In vitro translation and signal peptide processing of hCS-L(L) mRNA yields a 20-kDa hCS-L isoform in vitro. These data confirm the placental expression of the hCS-L gene, demonstrate surprising complexity in the splicing of its transcripts, predict that the majority of processed hCS-L mRNAs are nonfunctional, and identify specific, low abundance mRNAs that may encode novel gestational hormones.
|
['Alternative Splicing', 'Animals', 'Base Sequence', 'Cell Line', 'Cloning, Molecular', 'DNA, Complementary', 'Exons', 'Humans', 'Mice', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Placental Lactogen', 'Protein Biosynthesis', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Sequence Analysis', 'Transfection']
| 8,083,227
|
[['G02.111.760.700.100', 'G03.839.700.100', 'G05.308.700.700.100'], ['B01.050'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['A11.251.210'], ['E05.393.220'], ['D13.444.308.497.220', 'D13.444.600.223.500', 'D27.720.470.530.600.223.260'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.137.232'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['D06.472.699.649.692', 'D12.644.548.726.692', 'D12.776.780.650'], ['G02.111.660.871', 'G03.734.871', 'G05.297.670'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['E05.393.760'], ['E05.393.350.810', 'G05.728.860']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Non-normal data: Is ANOVA still a valid option?
|
BACKGROUND: The robustness of F-test to non-normality has been studied from the 1930s through to the present day. However, this extensive body of research has yielded contradictory results, there being evidence both for and against its robustness. This study provides a systematic examination of F-test robustness to violations of normality in terms of Type I error, considering a wide variety of distributions commonly found in the health and social sciences.METHOD: We conducted a Monte Carlo simulation study involving a design with three groups and several known and unknown distributions. The manipulated variables were: Equal and unequal group sample sizes; group sample size and total sample size; coefficient of sample size variation; shape of the distribution and equal or unequal shapes of the group distributions; and pairing of group size with the degree of contamination in the distribution.RESULTS: The results showed that in terms of Type I error the F-test was robust in 100% of the cases studied, independently of the manipulated conditions.
|
['Analysis of Variance', 'Monte Carlo Method', 'Sample Size']
| 29,048,317
|
[['E05.318.740.150', 'N05.715.360.750.125', 'N06.850.520.830.150'], ['E05.318.740.525', 'L01.906.394.422', 'N05.715.360.750.540', 'N06.850.520.830.525'], ['E05.318.370.762', 'E05.581.500.902', 'N05.715.360.325.692', 'N06.850.520.445.762']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Effects of estradiol on ischemic factor-induced astrocyte swelling and AQP4 protein abundance.
|
In the early hours of ischemic stroke, cerebral edema forms as Na, Cl, and water are secreted across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and astrocytes swell. We have shown previously that ischemic factors, including hypoxia, aglycemia, and arginine vasopressin (AVP), stimulate BBB Na-K-Cl cotransporter (NKCC) and Na/H exchanger (NHE) activities and that inhibiting NKCC and/or NHE by intravenous bumetanide and/or HOE-642 reduces edema and infarct in a rat model of ischemic stroke. Estradiol also reduces edema and infarct in this model and abolishes ischemic factor stimulation of BBB NKCC and NHE. There is evidence that NKCC and NHE also participate in ischemia-induced swelling of astrocytes. However, little is known about estradiol effects on astrocyte cell volume. In this study, we evaluated the effects of AVP (100 nM), hypoxia (7.5% O(2)), aglycemia, hypoxia (2%)/aglycemia [oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD)], and estradiol (1-100 nM) on astrocyte cell volume using 3-O-methyl-d-[(3)H]glucose equilibration methods. We found that AVP, hypoxia, aglycemia, and OGD (30 min to 5 h) each significantly increased astrocyte cell volume, and that estradiol (30-180 min) abolished swelling induced by AVP or hypoxia, but not by aglycemia or OGD. Bumetanide and/or HOE-642 also abolished swelling induced by AVP but not aglycemia. Abundance of aquaporin-4, known to participate in ischemia-induced astrocyte swelling, was significantly reduced following 7-day but not 2- or 3-h estradiol exposures. Our findings suggest that hypoxia, aglycemia, and AVP each contribute to ischemia-induced astrocyte swelling, and that the edema-attenuating effects of estradiol include reduction of hypoxia- and AVP-induced astrocyte swelling and also reduction of aquaporin-4 abundance.
|
['Animals', 'Aquaporin 4', 'Arginine Vasopressin', 'Astrocytes', 'Blotting, Far-Western', 'Brain Edema', 'Bumetanide', 'Cell Hypoxia', 'Cell Size', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Estradiol', 'Glucose', 'Guanidines', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Sodium Potassium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors', 'Sodium-Hydrogen Exchangers', 'Sodium-Potassium-Chloride Symporters', 'Sulfones']
| 21,471,464
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.776.157.530.400.500.040.468', 'D12.776.543.550.450.730.040.468', 'D12.776.543.585.400.730.040.577'], ['D06.472.699.631.692.781.100', 'D12.644.400.900.100', 'D12.644.456.925.100', 'D12.644.548.691.692.781.100', 'D12.776.631.650.937.100'], ['A08.637.200', 'A11.650.200'], ['E05.196.401.143.500', 'E05.301.300.096.500', 'E05.478.566.320.200.200', 'E05.601.262.500', 'E05.601.470.320.200.500', 'E05.601.690.149'], ['C10.228.140.187'], ['D02.065.884.150', 'D02.241.223.100.050.300.200', 'D02.455.426.559.389.127.020.452.500', 'D02.886.590.700.150'], ['G03.197.300', 'G04.270.300'], ['G04.325'], ['A11.251'], ['D04.210.500.365.415.248', 'D06.472.334.851.437.500'], ['D09.947.875.359.448'], ['D02.078.370'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['D27.505.519.562.906', 'D27.505.696.560.500.931'], ['D12.776.157.530.450.162.775', 'D12.776.157.530.937.703', 'D12.776.543.550.190.775', 'D12.776.543.585.450.162.775', 'D12.776.543.585.937.828'], ['D12.776.157.530.450.625.750', 'D12.776.157.530.937.750', 'D12.776.543.585.450.625.750', 'D12.776.543.585.937.875'], ['D02.886.590']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Neuropeptide Y expression in Schwann cell precursors.
|
Some years ago we showed that in the adult rat and mouse neuropeptide Y (NPY) is expressed by olfactory ensheathing cells, a special type of glial cell involved in guiding of the continuously renewing olfactory axons. In the present study, using immunohistochemistry combined with confocal laser scanning microscopy, and mRNA in situ hybridization, we have analyzed whether NPY is also expressed in other axon-related glial cell systems during prenatal development. NPY was found to be expressed in the dorsal and ventral rootlets along the spinal cord from E13 and onward and in the rootlets of the cranial nerves and in the sensory ganglia from E14 and onward. In some cases, NPY-immunoreactivity (IR) was also found along peripheral nerves. NPY-IR was expressed in a dot-like fashion, similar to the NPY expression observed in olfactory ensheathing cells. At E18 the NPY-immunoreactive dots had disappeared from almost all ganglia and rootlets, and only in the most central part of the rootlets some weak dot-like NPY-IR was observed. At E20 it had disappeared completely from all rootlets and nerves, except the olfactory nerve. Most of the dot-like NPY-IR did not co-localize with the neuronal marker PGP 9.5. Based on its spatiotemporal expression, it is concluded that NPY is expressed by Schwann cell precursors. NPY expressed by Schwann cell precursors might have a role in axonal growth or axonal guidance, or both.
|
['Age Factors', 'Animals', 'Cranial Nerves', 'Female', 'Fetus', 'Ganglia, Spinal', 'Neuropeptide Y', 'Peripheral Nervous System', 'Pregnancy', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Schwann Cells', 'Spinal Nerve Roots', 'Stem Cells', 'Thiolester Hydrolases', 'Ubiquitin Thiolesterase']
| 10,975,912
|
[['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['B01.050'], ['A08.800.800.120'], ['A16.378'], ['A08.340.390.340', 'A08.800.350.340', 'A08.800.800.720.725.350'], ['D12.644.400.500', 'D12.776.631.650.500'], ['A08.800'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['A08.637.800', 'A08.800.800.690', 'A11.650.800'], ['A08.800.800.720.725'], ['A11.872'], ['D08.811.277.352.897'], ['D08.811.037.500', 'D08.811.277.352.897.850', 'D12.776.637.937']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
The regional versus national incidence of ectopic pregnancy in Finland from 1966 to 1986.
|
The annual incidence of ectopic pregnancy (EP) per deliveries, per all diagnosed pregnancies and per female population at fertile age (15-44 years) were measured from 1966 to 1986 in a well-defined urban area of Southwestern Finland, the Turku Region. The incidence rates increased markedly, and were, in the mid-80s, among the highest in the world: 2.6 per 100 deliveries, 1.8 per 100 diagnosed pregnancies and 153 per 100,000 fertile-aged women. The regional incidence rate exceeded the national one in the 1970s, whereas in the 1980s the regional rate which has levelled-off during recent years has been equal to, and currently even lower than the national one. This suggests that changes in the incidence of EP in urban area(s) preceed those in the whole country.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Female', 'Finland', 'Humans', 'Pregnancy', 'Pregnancy, Ectopic']
| 2,565,257
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['Z01.542.816.186'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['C13.703.733']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
|
Hypocrellin B-loaded, folate-conjugated polymeric micelle for intraperitoneal targeting of ovarian cancer in vitro and in vivo.
|
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is considered an innovative and attractive modality to treat ovarian cancer. In the present study, a biodegradable polymer poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG)-poly (lactic acid)(PLA)-folate (FA-PEG-PLA) was prepared in order to synthesize an active-targeting, water-soluble and pharmacomodulated photosensitizer nanocarrier. Drug-loading content, encapsulation efficiency, in vitro and in vivo release were characterized, in which hypocrellin B (HB)/FA-PEG-PLA micelles had a high encapsulation efficiency and much slower control release for drugs compared to free drugs (P < .05). To evaluate the targeting ability of the HB/FA-PEG-PLA micelles, a cellular uptake study in vitro was carried out, which showed significantly enhanced uptake of HB/FA-PEG-PLA micelles in SKOV3 (FR+) compared to A2780 cancer cells (FR-). The enhanced uptake of HB/FA-PEG-PLA micelles to cancer cells resulted in a more effective post-PDT killing of SKOV3 cells compared to plain micelles and free drugs. Binding and uptake of HB/FA-PEG-PLA micelles by SKOV3 cells were also observed in vivo after ip injection of folate-targeted micelles in tumor-bearing ascitic ovarian cancer animals. Drug levels in ascitic tumor tissues were increased 20-fold (P < .001), which underscored the effect of a regional therapy approach with folate targeting. Furthermore, the HB-loaded micelles were mainly distributed in kidney and liver (the main clearance organs) in biodistribution. These results showed that our newly developed PDT photosensitizer HB/FA-PEG-PLA micelles have a high drug-loading capacity, good biocompatibility, controlled drug release, and enhanced targeting and antitumor effect, which is a potential approach to future targeting ovarian cancer therapy.
|
['Animals', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Drug Carriers', 'Drug Liberation', 'Female', 'Folic Acid', 'Humans', 'Mice, Nude', 'Micelles', 'Ovarian Neoplasms', 'Perylene', 'Photosensitizing Agents', 'Polyesters', 'Polyethylene Glycols', 'Polymers', 'Quinones', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Tissue Distribution', 'Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays']
| 29,617,063
|
[['B01.050'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['D26.255.260', 'E02.319.300.380'], ['G02.211', 'G03.787.321', 'G07.690.725.321'], ['D03.633.100.733.631.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.500'], ['D05.374', 'D26.255.560'], ['C04.588.322.455', 'C13.351.500.056.630.705', 'C13.351.937.418.685', 'C19.344.410', 'C19.391.630.705'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.149.700', 'D02.455.426.559.847.680.500', 'D04.615.149.700', 'D04.615.680.500'], ['D27.505.954.444.600', 'D27.505.954.600.710'], ['D05.750.728', 'D25.720.728', 'J01.637.051.720.728'], ['D02.033.455.250.700', 'D05.750.741', 'D25.720.741', 'J01.637.051.720.741'], ['D05.750', 'D25.720', 'J01.637.051.720'], ['D02.806'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['G03.787.917', 'G07.690.725.949'], ['E05.337.550.200.900', 'E05.624.850']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Value of conventional tomography and computer tomography in therapy-resistant diseases of the paranasal sinuses].
|
The informational value of conventional tomography as primary diagnostic method is pointed out in diseases of nasal sinuses resistant to therapy. 5 cases demonstrate the additional information gained by CT-differentiation of soft tissue structures, intraorbital and intracranial expansion. In 78.4% of the examined group of 51 patients conventional tomography allowed the diagnosis of a process limited to the nasal sinuses, further evidence by CT could be omitted. In 11 patients examined by CT additionally, the expansion of the process was defined more precisely and the assumed intraorbital and intracranial growth confirmed.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Carcinoma, Squamous Cell', 'Child', 'Combined Modality Therapy', 'Diagnosis, Differential', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Melanoma', 'Middle Aged', 'Mucocele', 'Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms', 'Orbital Neoplasms', 'Papilloma', 'Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms', 'Polyps', 'Sarcoma', 'Sinusitis', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed']
| 3,775,030
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['C04.557.470.200.400', 'C04.557.470.700.400'], ['M01.060.406'], ['E02.186'], ['E01.171'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.557.465.625.650.510', 'C04.557.580.625.650.510', 'C04.557.665.510'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04.182.511'], ['C04.588.443.665.710.650', 'C07.550.350.650', 'C07.550.745.650', 'C09.647.710.650', 'C09.775.350.650', 'C09.775.549.650'], ['C04.588.149.721.656', 'C04.588.364.659', 'C05.116.231.754.659', 'C11.319.457', 'C11.675.659'], ['C04.557.470.700.600'], ['C04.588.443.665.650.693', 'C08.460.669.693', 'C08.460.692.503', 'C08.785.600.693', 'C09.603.669.693', 'C09.603.692.503', 'C09.647.685.693'], ['C23.300.825'], ['C04.557.450.795'], ['C01.748.749', 'C08.460.692.752', 'C08.730.749', 'C09.603.692.752'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Factors inducing retrograde degeneration of the cochlear nerve.
|
The process of retrograde secondary degeneration is described and its mechanism, discussed. The extent of degeneration following transection of the central or peripheral axon and following various types of damage to the organ of Corti, including the time course of degeneration, is presented in animal experimentation and human temporal bones. Of greatest practical importance is secondary neuronal degeneration induced by alteration in the organ of Corti. The effect of damage to the outer hair cells, inner hair cells, supporting structures in the Corti, and nerve endings or peripheral dendrites is analyzed and related to different types of inner ear disease.
|
['Acoustic Stimulation', 'Animals', 'Cats', 'Cochlea', 'Humans', 'Motor Neurons', 'Nerve Degeneration', 'Organ of Corti', 'Retrograde Degeneration', 'Spiral Ganglion', 'Vestibulocochlear Nerve']
| 6,431,887
|
[['E02.037', 'E02.190.888.030', 'E05.723.136'], ['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.377.750.250.125'], ['A09.246.300.246'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A08.675.655.500', 'A11.671.655.500'], ['C23.550.737'], ['A09.246.300.246.577'], ['C23.550.737.500'], ['A08.340.390.800', 'A08.800.350.800', 'A08.800.800.120.910.120.800', 'A09.246.300.246.900'], ['A08.800.800.120.910']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Combined action of anti-arrhythmia agents in the cardiology clinic].
|
Results of treatment of 36 patients aged from 25 to 72 years with ventricular extrasystole and paroxysms of atrial fibrillation demonstrated that the absence of contraindications combined treatment with antiarrhythmic drugs is justifiable provided a thorough medical control is performed.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Anti-Arrhythmia Agents', 'Cardiomyopathies', 'Chronic Disease', 'Coronary Disease', 'Drug Evaluation', 'Drug Therapy, Combination', 'Heart Valve Diseases', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Mitral Valve', 'Rheumatic Heart Disease']
| 3,770,178
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D27.505.954.411.097'], ['C14.280.238'], ['C23.550.291.500'], ['C14.280.647.250', 'C14.907.585.250'], ['E05.290.625', 'E05.337.425'], ['E02.319.310'], ['C14.280.484'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['A07.541.510.507'], ['C01.150.252.410.890.731.649', 'C14.280.874']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Preliminary evaluation of the learning outcome achieved by a nursing research seminar course for doctoral students.
|
Educational evaluation is a priority policy of the Ministry of Education and student learning outcome is an important criterion used in educational evaluation work. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the learning outcome of a newly developed course for doctoral students entitled, Nursing Research Seminar. The course was one semester in length and required students to attend 2 hours of class per week. Student learning outcome was evaluated based on the level of understanding students had of course objectives. The six objectives of this course were: evaluating and integrating research papers; enhancing critical thinking skills; gaining an in-depth understanding of the literature related to topics of interest; enhancing ability to construct research proposals; guiding student dissertation work; and refining critical research skills. Data were collected from the responses provided by 25 students on a 5-point Likert-type evaluation form based on course objectives filled out during the last class of the semester. Descriptive and non-parametric statistics were adopted. Results showed: (1) The average post-course score (24.76 +/- 2.89) was significantly higher than the pre-course score (18.40 +/- 5.52); (2) Students realized significant improvements in all six objectives at the end of the course; (3) There were statistically significant differences in improvement scores in all six objectives for students in different years of their doctoral program; (4) The lower the year in the program, the higher the improvement scores for each course objective; (5) The two objectives of the six that saw the most significant improvements were "gaining an in-depth understanding of the literature related to topics of interest", and "enhancing critical thinking skills". Because of the small sample size, conclusions drawn from this study should be treated as tentative. Findings provide preliminary information supporting the importance and necessity of offering the Nursing Research Seminar course to nursing doctoral students. The course provided different benefits to students at different years in the program and, overall, research results encourage that this course continue to be offered.
|
['Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Education, Nursing, Graduate', 'Humans', 'Learning', 'Nursing Research', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Taiwan']
| 18,528,815
|
[['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['I02.358.337.450', 'I02.358.462.565'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F02.463.425', 'F02.784.629.529'], ['H01.770.644.145.390', 'H02.478.395', 'N04.590.233.508.613'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['Z01.252.474.872', 'Z01.639.850']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
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The joint impact of smoking and exercise capacity on clinical outcomes among women with suspected myocardial ischemia: the WISE study.
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BACKGROUND: Although extensive research has been conducted on both smoking and low exercise capacity alone, few studies have examined the joint impact or interaction of these two risk factors. We examined the joint and interactive effects of smoking and self-reported exercise capacity on subsequent clinical events (heart failure, myocardial infarction [MI], stroke, and cardiovascular-related mortality) among women with suspected myocardial ischemia.METHODS: At baseline (1996-1999), 789 women completed angiographic testing of coronary artery disease (CAD) severity and provided self-report information about their smoking history and exercise capacity as well as demographic and other risk factor data. Incidence of clinical events among the women was tracked for a median of 5.9 years; this analysis was conducted in 2008.RESULTS: In an adjusted survival analysis, women with a positive smoking history and self-reported low exercise capacity had the greatest risk of experiencing a clinical event (HR = 7.7, 95% CI 2.3, 25.5), followed by women with a positive smoking history and self-reported high exercise capacity (HR = 6.9, 95% CI 2.0, 24.6) and those with a negative smoking history and self-reported low exercise capacity (HR = 4.9, 95% CI 1.5, 15.8), relative to women with a negative smoking history and self-reported high exercise capacity. Additional analyses revealed a significant interaction between smoking history and exercise capacity, such that (1) women with a positive smoking history did not experience an additional significantly greater risk due to low exercise capacity, unlike those with a negative smoking history, and (2) all women experienced a significantly greater risk due to a positive smoking history regardless of their exercise capacity.CONCLUSIONS: Among women with suspected myocardial ischemia, the combined protective health effects of self-reported high exercise capacity and a negative smoking history remained significant after controlling for preexisting CAD severity and other established risk factors. These findings highlight the importance of studying behavioral risk factors in combination.
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['Aged', 'Cardiovascular Diseases', 'Exercise', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Incidence', 'Middle Aged', 'Myocardial Ischemia', 'Physical Fitness', 'Risk Factors', 'Severity of Illness Index', 'Smoking', 'Survival Analysis']
| 19,361,310
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['C14'], ['G11.427.410.698.277', 'I03.350'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.375', 'N01.224.935.597.500', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.375', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.375'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C14.280.647', 'C14.907.585'], ['G11.427.685', 'I03.450.642.845.054.800', 'N01.400.545'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475.456.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.364.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.364.500'], ['F01.145.805'], ['E05.318.740.998', 'N05.715.360.750.795', 'N06.850.520.830.998']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
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Vasopressin and autonomic mechanisms mediate cardiovascular actions of central serotonin.
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Intracerebroventricular administration of serotonin (5-HT) to conscious rats increases mean arterial pressure (MAP) and decreases heart rate. To determine the mechanisms involved, 5-HT (2.5 micrograms) was injected intracerebroventricularly into conscious rats pretreated with various neurotransmitter and hormone antagonists. The selective 5-HT2 antagonist LY 53857 abolished the increase in MAP and the bradycardia elicited by 5-HT. The increase in MAP produced by 5-HT was potentiated by chlorisondamine (a ganglionic antagonist), unaffected by prazosin (an alpha 1-antagonist) or a vasopressin V1 antagonist alone, but eliminated by the combined pretreatment with prazosin plus the vasopressin antagonist. In contrast, the bradycardia was eliminated by either the vasopressin V1 antagonist or chlorisondamine. In conclusion, 5-HT injected into the lateral cerebral ventricle of conscious rats induces sympathoexcitation and the release of vasopressin, which results in an increase in MAP; 5-HT also elicits a bradycardia mediated through an interaction of the autonomic nervous system with circulating vasopressin.
|
['Animals', 'Autonomic Nervous System', 'Blood Pressure', 'Bradycardia', 'Chlorisondamine', 'Ergolines', 'Heart Rate', 'Hypertension', 'Injections, Intraventricular', 'Male', 'Prazosin', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Strains', 'Serotonin', 'Serotonin Antagonists', 'Vasopressins']
| 2,058,745
|
[['B01.050'], ['A08.800.050'], ['E01.370.600.875.249', 'G09.330.380.076'], ['C14.280.067.319', 'C23.550.073.300'], ['D02.092.877.883.222', 'D02.675.276.200', 'D03.633.100.513.249'], ['D03.132.327.287', 'D03.633.400.439'], ['E01.370.600.875.500', 'G09.330.380.500'], ['C14.907.489'], ['E02.319.267.530.550'], ['D03.633.100.786.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400'], ['D02.092.211.215.801.852', 'D03.633.100.473.914.814', 'D23.469.050.650'], ['D27.505.519.625.850.850', 'D27.505.696.577.850.850'], ['D06.472.699.631.692.781', 'D12.644.400.900', 'D12.644.456.925', 'D12.644.548.691.692.781', 'D12.776.631.650.937']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
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New method for the experimental evaluation of x-ray grids.
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This work describes a new method for the experimental evaluation of antiscatter x-ray grids in radiography. Five commercial grids are evaluated in terms of two parameters which are determined only by the construction of the grid and the x-ray energy. A comparison of the grid performances was made for the x-ray energies and scatter conditions that usually apply to chest radiography and mammography. The results show that for maximum scatter conditions the grid enhances the subject contrast by factors of approximately 6 and 2 in chest radiography and mammography, respectively, and that the contrast increases as the grid ratio increases. Also, in these examinations, the results show that, with improved grids, it is possible to reduce the patient exposures required for the no-grid case by approximately one-half without loss of the image-information content (signal-to-noise ratio).
|
['Evaluation Studies as Topic', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Mammography', 'Methods', 'Models, Biological', 'Radiographic Image Enhancement', 'Radiography, Thoracic', 'Technology, Radiologic']
| 683,152
|
[['E05.337', 'N05.715.360.335'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.700.500'], ['E05.581'], ['E05.599.395'], ['E01.370.350.600.350.700', 'E01.370.350.700.700', 'L01.224.308.380.600'], ['E01.370.350.700.730'], ['E05.920', 'H02.010.850', 'J01.897.891']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
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Timely treatment of severe maternal hypertension and reduction in severe maternal morbidity.
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OBJECTIVE: To determine if timely treatment within 60 min of confirmed diagnosis of severe maternal hypertension with antihypertensive medications was associated with reduction in severe maternal morbidity.STUDY DESIGN: Medical records of women with severe hypertension (at least two severe blood pressures, systolic ?160 mmHg and/or diastolic ?110 mmHg, within 60 min) were accessed for timing of severe blood pressures, timing of treatment, and blood pressure response to treatment. Severe maternal morbidity was confirmed by multidisciplinary case review. We compared the incidence of severe maternal morbidity between women who received timely (within 60 min of diagnosis) vs. not-timely treatment.RESULTS: Of 465 women with severe hypertension, 29 (6.2%) experienced severe maternal morbidity. Fifty-six percent of women received timely treatment, of whom 1.9% had severe maternal morbidity, compared with 6.4% of women who did not receive timely treatment (p = 0.02). Timely treatment was associated with a 72% reduction in relative risk of severe maternal morbidity (p = 0.02). No significant difference was seen in median pre-treatment systolic pressures (p = 0.20) between the groups.CONCLUSION: Antihypertensive treatment within 60 min of confirmed diagnosis of severe hypertension was associated with reduction in severe maternal morbidity. Our findings support current recommendations to treat all women with severe hypertension with antihypertensive medications in a timely fashion.
|
['Adult', 'Antihypertensive Agents', 'California', 'Cohort Studies', 'Drug Administration Schedule', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced', "Practice Patterns, Physicians'", 'Pregnancy', 'Prenatal Diagnosis', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Risk', 'Severity of Illness Index', 'Time Factors']
| 30,527,119
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D27.505.954.411.162'], ['Z01.107.567.875.580.200', 'Z01.107.567.875.760.200'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['E02.319.283'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C13.703.395', 'C14.907.489.480'], ['N04.590.374.577', 'N05.300.625'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['E01.370.378.630'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.740.600.800', 'G17.680.750', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475.456.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.364.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.364.500'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
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Epicardial adipose tissue volume increase in hemodialysis patients treated with sevelamer or calcium-based phosphate binders: a substudy of the Renagel in new dialysis trial.
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BACKGROUND: In the general population and in hemodialysis patients epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) has been associated with increased mortality and cardiovascular events. Weight loss and lipid lowering therapies reduced EAT in the general population. It is unknown whether sevelamer, a phosphate (Pi) binder that lowers cholesterol and reduces inflammation in dialysis patients also affects EAT progression.METHODS: Post-hoc analysis of a randomized trial of sevelamer (SVL) versus calcium-based Pi binders (CPiB) in incident hemodialysis patients. EAT was measured on cardiac computed tomography scans performed at enrollment, 6, 12 and 18 months from baseline.RESULTS: Of 109 patients, 54 received SVL and 55 CPiB; the median LDL change was -16.4 % (IQR: -67.5, 142.3 %) and 12.1 % (IQR: -51.9, 193.8 %) with SVL and CPiB respectively (p < 0.001). At baseline EAT correlated significantly with gender, body mass index and total coronary artery calcium score (all p < 0.02). At the end of follow-up, EAT progressed significantly from baseline in the CPiB treated patients but not in the SVL treated patients [median increase 9.1 % (p = 0.005) vs 3.9 % (p = 0.25)]. However, there was no significant difference in the degree of progression between treatment groups (p = 0.34). There was no correlation between LDL or CRP change and EAT change. There were insufficient events in either arm to assess the impact of EAT change on mortality.CONCLUSION: EAT progression from baseline was significantly smaller with SVL than with CPiB, although the difference between treatments was not statistically significant, probably due to the small sample size. Change in serum lipids and markers of inflammation did not predict EAT progression.
|
['Adipose Tissue', 'Adiposity', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Biomarkers', 'Calcium Compounds', 'Chelating Agents', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Kidney Diseases', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Pericardium', 'Phosphates', 'Renal Dialysis', 'Sevelamer', 'Time Factors', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 27,102,490
|
[['A10.165.114'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.062.500', 'G02.111.130.134.500', 'G03.180.134.500', 'G07.100.049.134.500'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D23.101'], ['D01.146'], ['D27.505.519.914.500', 'D27.720.832.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C12.777.419', 'C13.351.968.419'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['A07.541.795', 'A10.615.789.470'], ['D01.029.260.700.675.374', 'D01.248.497.158.730', 'D01.695.625.675.650'], ['E02.870.300', 'E02.912.800'], ['D02.092.782.634'], ['G01.910.857'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
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The role of TRPV6 in breast carcinogenesis.
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TRPV6 is an endothelial calcium entry channel that is strongly expressed in breast adenocarcinoma tissue. In this study, we further confirmed this observation by analysis of breast cancer tissues, which indicated that TRPV6 mRNA expression was up-regulated between 2-fold and 15-fold compared with the average in normal breast tissue. Whereas TRPV6 is expressed in the cancer tissue, its role as a calcium channel in breast carcinogenesis is poorly understood. Therefore, we investigated how TRPV6 affects the viability, apoptosis, and calcium transport in the breast cancer cell line T47D. Hormones can also affect the tumor development; hence, we determined the effects of estradiol, progesterone, and 1,25-vitamin D on TRPV6 transcription. Interestingly, the estrogen receptor antagonist tamoxifen reduced expression of TRPV6 and is able to inhibit its calcium transport activity (IC(50), 7.5 micromol/L). The in vitro model showed that TRPV6 can be regulated by estrogen, progesterone, tamoxifen, and 1,25-vitamin D and has a large influence on breast cancer cell proliferation. Moreover, the effect of tamoxifen on cell viability was enhanced when TRPV6 expression was silenced with small interfering RNA. TRPV6 may be a novel target for the development of calcium channel inhibitors to treat breast adenocarcinoma expressing TRPV6.
|
['Adenocarcinoma', 'Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal', 'Breast Neoplasms', 'Calcium', 'Calcium Channel Blockers', 'Calcium Channels', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic', 'Humans', 'RNA, Messenger', 'RNA, Small Interfering', 'TRPV Cation Channels', 'Tamoxifen', 'Tumor Cells, Cultured']
| 18,245,667
|
[['C04.557.470.200.025'], ['D27.505.954.248.169'], ['C04.588.180', 'C17.800.090.500'], ['D01.268.552.100', 'D01.552.539.288', 'D23.119.100'], ['D27.505.519.562.249', 'D27.505.696.260.500', 'D27.505.954.411.192'], ['D12.776.157.530.400.150', 'D12.776.543.550.450.150', 'D12.776.543.585.400.150'], ['G05.308.370'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['D13.150.650.700', 'D13.444.735.150.700', 'D13.444.735.790.552.875'], ['D12.776.157.530.400.901.888'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.150.700.900'], ['A11.251.860']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
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[The distribution of 4-amino-2-phenoxyphenylmethane sulphonamide in the body of warm-blooded animals].
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This study was designed to elucidate the distribution of 4-amino-2-phenoxyphenylmethane sulphonamide in the body of warm-blooded animals (rats) following intragastric administration of this poisonous substance. It was shown that the largest amounts of the unmetabolized parent compound are present in the contents of the stomach and different intestinal segments as well as in the eyes and thymus. 4-N-acetylamino-2-phenoxyphenylmethane sulphonamide, the main biotransformation product of 4-amino-2-phenoxyphenylmethane sulphonamide, is localized chiefly in the eyes, thin intestine contents, Spleen, and heart.
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['Animals', 'Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal', 'Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'Chromatography, Thin Layer', 'Eye', 'Intestine, Small', 'Myocardium', 'Rats', 'Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet', 'Spleen', 'Sulfonamides', 'Tissue Distribution']
| 25,474,917
|
[['B01.050'], ['D27.505.696.663.850.014.040.500', 'D27.505.954.158.030', 'D27.505.954.329.030'], ['E05.196.181.400.300'], ['E05.196.181.400.537'], ['A01.456.505.420', 'A09.371'], ['A03.556.124.684'], ['A02.633.580', 'A07.541.704', 'A10.690.552.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['E05.196.712.726.802', 'E05.196.867.826.802'], ['A10.549.700', 'A15.382.520.604.700'], ['D02.065.884', 'D02.886.590.700'], ['G03.787.917', 'G07.690.725.949']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
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Independent GABAergic and cholinergic modulation of apomorphine-induced stereotyped rearing in the rat.
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The injection of GABA into the caudate nucleus inhibited the stereotyped rearing induced by apomorphine in a dose-related manner. Muscimol, a potent GABAergic agonist shared this effect. The inhibitory effect of GABA was easily counteracted by bicuculline but not by pretreatment with atropine. Injection of carbachol into the caudate nucleus inhibited the stereotyped rearing induced by systemically-applied apomorphine in a dose-related manner. This inhibitory effect was easily abolished by atropine but not bicuculline. Thus, the stereotyped rearing induced by apomorphine, an effect due to an increased excitatory state of the dopaminergic system in the caudate nucleus, could be modified (inhibited) by augmentation of either the GABAergic or of the cholinergic state excitation. The two modulatory systems did not appear to be interlinked; most probably, they influence the dopaminergic effect independently of one another.
|
['Animals', 'Apomorphine', 'Atropine', 'Bicuculline', 'Carbachol', 'Caudate Nucleus', 'Female', 'GABA Antagonists', 'Male', 'Muscimol', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Strains', 'Receptors, Cholinergic', 'Receptors, GABA-A', 'Stereotyped Behavior', 'gamma-Aminobutyric Acid']
| 2,836,753
|
[['B01.050'], ['D03.132.098.038.290', 'D03.633.100.531.085.030.290', 'D03.633.400.095.290'], ['D02.145.074.722.229.199', 'D03.132.760.180.572.199', 'D03.132.889.180.648.199', 'D03.605.084.500.722.229.199', 'D03.605.869.229.199'], ['D03.132.098.077', 'D03.633.100.531.085.077'], ['D02.092.877.883.333.115', 'D02.675.276.232.115'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.249.487.550.184'], ['D27.505.519.625.240.300', 'D27.505.696.577.240.300'], ['D03.383.129.462.470', 'D23.946.587.587'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400'], ['D12.776.543.750.720.360'], ['D12.776.157.530.400.175.562', 'D12.776.157.530.400.400.100.100', 'D12.776.543.550.450.175.562', 'D12.776.543.550.450.500.100.100', 'D12.776.543.585.400.175.562', 'D12.776.543.585.400.500.100.100', 'D12.776.543.750.130.500', 'D12.776.543.750.720.200.300.300'], ['F01.145.896'], ['D02.241.081.114.500.350', 'D12.125.190.350']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Type I procollagen gene expression in normal and early healing of the medial collateral and anterior cruciate ligaments in rabbits: an in situ hybridization study.
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The purpose of this study was to compare the levels of procollagen type I messenger RNA (mRNA) in normal and healing medial collateral ligament (MCL) and anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) in a rabbit model. Our method of injury involved a surgical model with identical partial lacerations in the midsubstance of the MCL and ACL. Paraffin sections of normal ligaments, and ligaments 3, 7, 14, and 28 days postlaceration were studied by in situ hybridization to compare and follow the level of type I procollagen mRNA in the two ligaments. A complementary DNA (cDNA) probe corresponding to alpha 1(I) procollagen mRNA was labeled with [32P]d-CTP. After hybridization, autoradiography, and staining of the sections, the level of procollagen mRNA was assessed by microscopic examination. A higher level of procollagen mRNA was consistently detected in normal MCL than in normal ACL, suggesting higher collagen synthetic activity in the MCL. At the injury sites of the MCL and ACL, the levels of type I procollagen mRNA increased at all post-laceration periods, reaching its highest level at 14 days postsurgery. The MCL healing site had a considerably higher level of procollagen mRNA than the ACL healing site (i.e., injury site) at all postoperative intervals. The results demonstrate that procollagen mRNA levels in MCL tissue are higher than those in ACL tissue under normal conditions, as well as in response to injury. The differences in the procollagen mRNA levels of MCL and ACL may reflect the synthesis of collagen in these tissues, and may contribute to the differences in their healing capacities.
|
['Animals', 'Anterior Cruciate Ligament', 'Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries', 'Collagen', 'DNA Probes', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Gene Expression', 'Humans', 'Ligaments, Articular', 'Male', 'Nucleic Acid Hybridization', 'Procollagen', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Rabbits', 'Wound Healing']
| 2,010,841
|
[['B01.050'], ['A02.513.514.100', 'A02.835.583.512.100', 'A10.165.669.514.100'], ['C26.558.554.213'], ['D05.750.078.280', 'D12.776.860.300.250'], ['D13.444.600.223', 'D27.505.259.750.600.223', 'D27.720.470.530.600.223'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['G05.297'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A02.513.514', 'A02.835.583.512', 'A10.165.669.514'], ['E05.393.661', 'G02.111.611'], ['D12.776.811.690', 'D12.776.860.300.250.600'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.968.700'], ['G16.762.891']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Aortic distensibility and dimensions and the effects of growth hormone treatment in the turner syndrome.
|
In Turner's syndrome (TS), an increased risk for cardiovascular malformations exists, including aortic dilation of unknown cause. Abnormal biophysical wall properties may play an important role. Magnetic resonance imaging has been successfully used to assess aortic size and wall distensibility. The aim of this study was to assess aortic biophysical properties and dimensions in TS. Thirty-eight former participants of a growth hormone (GH) dose-response study in TS (mean age 12 +/- 2 years, mean body surface area 1.7 +/- 0.2 m2) and 27 controls (mean age 21 +/- 2 years, mean body surface area 1.8 +/- 0.1 m2) were enrolled. Previously, patients had been assigned to 1 of 3 groups treated with different GH dosages: group A (0.045 mg/kg/day), group B (0.067 mg/kg/day), and group C (0.09 mg/kg/day). All underwent magnetic resonance imaging > or =6 months after GH discontinuation to determine aortic dimensions and distensibility at 4 predefined levels: (1) the ascending aorta, (2) the descending aorta, (3) the level of the diaphragm, and (4) the abdominal aorta. Patients had larger aortic diameters at all but level 4 and tended to have reduced distensibility at level 3. Distensibility in group A was significantly less compared with that in group C at level 4. Compared with controls, patients in group A had larger aortic diameters at all but level 4 and reduced distensibility at level 4. The results for patients in groups B and C were not different from those for controls. In conclusion, patients with TS formerly treated with GH have dilated aortas and signs of impaired wall distensibility. The severity of abnormalities seems related to the GH dose, with a beneficial effect of a larger GH dose on the abnormalities.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aorta, Thoracic', 'Child', 'Elasticity', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Human Growth Hormone', 'Humans', 'Magnetic Resonance Angiography', 'Prospective Studies', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Turner Syndrome']
| 16,728,230
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['A07.015.114.056.372'], ['M01.060.406'], ['G01.374.590'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['D06.472.699.631.525.425.875', 'D12.644.548.691.525.425.875'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.825.500.500', 'E01.370.370.050.500'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['C12.706.316.309.872', 'C12.706.316.795.750', 'C13.351.875.253.309.872', 'C13.351.875.253.795.750', 'C14.240.400.980', 'C14.280.400.980', 'C16.131.240.400.970', 'C16.131.260.830.835.750', 'C16.131.939.316.309.872', 'C16.131.939.316.795.750', 'C16.320.180.830.835.750', 'C19.391.119.309.872', 'C19.391.119.795.750']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
NMR structure of a human homologous methuselah gene receptor peptide.
|
Human APG1 gene is homologous to Drosophila methuselah gene associated with extended life span. A peptide (APG1: RNGKRSNRTLREE) corresponding to a predicted region of the intracellular third loop of G protein-coupled receptor coded in human APG1 gene could activate Gi protein alpha subunit directly. The three-dimensional molecular structure of the peptide in SDS-d25 micelles was determined by 2D 1H NMR spectroscopy. APG1 formed an alpha-helical structure at the C-terminal site and a positive charge cluster at the N-terminal site. The cluster was also found in several other Gi protein-coupled receptor peptides. Therefore, the positive charge cluster on the helical structure might be engaged in G protein activation.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gi-Go', "Guanosine 5'-O-(3-Thiotriphosphate)", 'Humans', 'Models, Molecular', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular', 'Peptide Fragments', 'Protein Binding', 'Protein Structure, Tertiary', 'Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled']
| 17,109,822
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['D08.811.277.040.330.300.200.100.200', 'D12.644.360.360.100.200', 'D12.776.157.325.332.100.200', 'D12.776.476.375.100.200', 'D12.776.543.325.100.200'], ['D02.886.765.380', 'D13.695.667.454.504.380', 'D13.695.827.426.504.380', 'D13.695.900.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.599.595'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['E05.196.867.519.550'], ['D12.644.541'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808'], ['G02.111.570.820.709.610'], ['D12.776.543.750.695']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Evaluation of clinical prognostic factors for interstitial pneumonia in anti-MDA5 antibody-positive dermatomyositis patients.
|
OBJECTIVES: We retrospectively investigated clinical prognostic factors for interstitial pneumonia (IP) in anti-melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5) antibody (Ab)-positive dermatomyositis (DM) patients.METHODS: Subjects comprised 18 patients with anti-MDA5 Ab-positive DM-IP (9 survivors; 9 deaths).RESULTS: Initial serum albumin levels, ferritin levels, and ground-glass opacity (GGO) scores in the right middle lobes were significantly higher in the death group than in the survivor group (p = .033, .013, and .005, respectively). Initial alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient (P[A-a]O2) was also higher in the death group than in the survivor group (p = .064). Initial serum ferritin, P[A-a]O2, and right middle lobe GGO score were found to significantly relate to death. Survival rates after 24 weeks were significantly lower among patients with an initial ferritin level of ?450 ng/mL (25%), P[A-a]O2 of ?30 mmHg (31%), and a right middle lobe GGO score of ?2 (11%) than each of the others (p = .006, .020, and .002, respectively).CONCLUSIONS: An initial serum ferritin level of ?450 ng/mL, P[A-a]O2 of ?30 mmHg, and right middle lobe GGO score of ?2 (GGO ?5% of the lobe) were identified as poor prognostic factors for anti-MDA5 Ab-positive DM-IP patients.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Autoantibodies', 'Dermatomyositis', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Interferon-Induced Helicase, IFIH1', 'Lung Diseases, Interstitial', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Prognosis', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Survival Rate']
| 28,490,218
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.323', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.323', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.323'], ['C05.651.594.819.500', 'C10.668.491.562.575.500', 'C17.300.250', 'C17.800.185'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D08.811.913.696.445.735.720.249.875'], ['C08.381.483'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.789'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.900', 'N01.224.935.698.826', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.900', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.900']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Visual acuity following treatment of bilateral congenital cataracts.
|
Several studies have indicated that operation during the first months of life in children with dense congenital cataract improves the final visual acuity. In the current study seven otherwise healthy children operated on before the age of fifty-six days are compared with seven children operated on after the age of three months. The patients were followed by a team consisting of a paediatric ophthalmologist, a contact lens optician and an orthoptist. They were treated with contact lenses, spectacles with near addition and occlusion therapy when needed. Visual acuity was initially tested with preferential looking technique and later with Snellen optotypes. In the early treated group the visual development was almost normal with a final visual acuity of 20/20, while in the late treated group no patient obtained better visual acuity than 20/100. The findings indicate that dense congenital cataract should be treated before the age of three months.
|
['Age Factors', 'Cataract', 'Cataract Extraction', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Contact Lenses', 'Eyeglasses', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Male', 'Visual Acuity']
| 1,303,856
|
[['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['C11.510.245'], ['E04.540.825.249'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['E07.632.500.276'], ['E07.632.500.300'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['E01.370.380.850.950', 'F02.463.593.932.901', 'G14.940']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Parametrial involvement, regardless of nodal status: a poor prognostic factor for cervical cancer.
|
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of resection of central disease when the parametria are involved by tumor in high-risk stage I cervical cancer patients.METHODS: Thirty-two patients with high-risk stage I cervical cancer who underwent radical hysterectomy and had pathologic findings of positive lymph nodes (N = 13), positive parametria (N = 7), or both (N = 12) were identified retrospectively. The effects of various histopathologic findings on disease-free interval and survival were evaluated, including the effect of resection of central disease with and without positive nodal disease. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were compared with the log-rang test. Multivariate analyses using a stepwise regression model were performed.RESULTS: Compared with other histologies, adenocarcinoma was associated with a significantly shorter disease-free interval (P = .037). Among patients with parametrial involvement lymph node status did not affect disease-free interval or survival. However, when patients with positive lymph nodes were examined, the additional finding of parametrial positivity significantly worsened both disease-free interval (P = .039) and survival (P = .036). When the 19 patients with positive parametria, regardless of lymph node status, were compared with those with positive lymph nodes alone, the former group had a significantly shorter disease-free interval (P = .038). The tumor recurred in 12 of these 19 patients; all cases involved the pelvis, with a median time to recurrence of 15 months. Multivariate analysis showed that adenocarcinoma histology (P = .038) and parametrial involvement (P = .043) were independent, poor prognostic indicators for disease-free interval.CONCLUSION: Involvement of the parametria, regardless of lymph node status, and adenocarcinoma histology confer a poor prognosis in high-risk patients undergoing radical hysterectomy. Caution should be used when contemplating resection of bulky tumors as part of primary therapy if the parametria appear to be involved by tumor.
|
['Adenocarcinoma', 'Adult', 'Combined Modality Therapy', 'Disease-Free Survival', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hysterectomy', 'Lymphatic Metastasis', 'Neoplasm Invasiveness', 'Prognosis', 'Regression Analysis', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Risk Factors', 'Time Factors', 'Uterine Cervical Neoplasms']
| 8,677,078
|
[['C04.557.470.200.025'], ['M01.060.116'], ['E02.186'], ['E01.789.800.190', 'E05.318.740.998.300', 'N04.761.559.590.800.190', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800.190', 'N05.715.360.750.795.300', 'N06.850.520.830.998.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E04.950.300.399'], ['C04.697.650.560', 'C23.550.727.650.560'], ['C04.697.645', 'C23.550.727.645'], ['E01.789'], ['E05.318.740.750', 'N05.715.360.750.695', 'N06.850.520.830.750'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['G01.910.857'], ['C04.588.945.418.948.850', 'C13.351.500.852.593.131', 'C13.351.500.852.762.850', 'C13.351.937.418.875.850']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Abuse of the elderly-the hidden agenda. II. Future research and remediation.
|
A schema for future research and efforts to remediate abuse of the elderly is presented. In the community at large, increased exposure of and education pertaining to the elderly are needed in order to intensify the public/community presence and reduce prejudices. In the medical community, improvements are needed in the extent of geriatric training, the ethics of pronouncement of death, the reliability of clinical documents, and the reporting of suspected cases of abuse. In the legal community, there is need for laws prohibiting abuse and neglect, and providing opportunity for recovery of minimum damages, with covering of attorney's fees and court costs. It is proposed that the administrative process be altered so as to provide either a financial penalty for abuse and neglect, or a reward for providing superior care.
|
['Aged', 'Attitude of Health Personnel', 'Crime', 'Humans', 'Nursing Homes', 'Texas']
| 7,299,008
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['F01.100.050', 'N05.300.100'], ['I01.198.240', 'I01.880.735.191'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N02.278.825.610'], ['Z01.107.567.875.760.750']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Early postoperative safety and surgical outcomes after implantation of a suprachoroidal micro-stent for the treatment of open-angle glaucoma concomitant with cataract surgery.
|
PURPOSE: To evaluate the safety of a new suprachoroidal device, the Cypass micro-stent, for the surgical treatment of open-angle glaucoma (OAG) implanted in conjunction with cataract surgery.SETTING: Multicenter clinical study.DESIGN: Prospective interventional case series.METHODS: This is an interim report of an ongoing safety study. Patients with OAG glaucoma (Shaffer grade 3 and 4) who were also candidates for cataract surgery in the affected eye had standard phacoemulsification followed by micro-stent implantation in the supraciliary space. Included were patients with uncontrolled (? 21 mm Hg, Cohort 1) or controlled (<21 mm Hg, Cohort 2) medicated intraocular pressure (IOP) at baseline. Glaucoma medications were discontinued at surgery and resumed at the discretion of each investigator. Measures included adverse events/complications and postoperative changes in IOP or medication.RESULTS: The mean baseline medicated IOP was 21.1 mm Hg ± 5.91 (SD); the mean number of IOP-lowering medications was 2.1 ± 1.1 (N = 184). There were no major events such as retinal or choroidal detachment or endophthalmitis. The most common complications were transient early hypotony (13.8%) and transient IOP increase (10.5%). Uncontrolled patients (n = 57) had a 37% IOP reduction (P<.001), with more than a 50% reduction in glaucoma medications at 6 months (P<.001). Intraocular pressure-controlled patients (n = 41) had a 71.4% reduction in glaucoma medications (P<.001).CONCLUSION: Initial clinical experience with the new micro-stent showed a low rate of surgical complications with concomitant decreases in IOP and/or glaucoma medications.
|
['Aged', 'Cataract', 'Choroid', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Glaucoma Drainage Implants', 'Glaucoma, Open-Angle', 'Humans', 'Intraocular Pressure', 'Intraoperative Complications', 'Lens Implantation, Intraocular', 'Male', 'Phacoemulsification', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Postoperative Period', 'Prospective Studies', 'Stents', 'Tonometry, Ocular', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Visual Acuity']
| 23,506,920
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['C11.510.245'], ['A09.371.894.223'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['E07.695.250'], ['C11.525.381.407'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G14.440'], ['C23.550.505'], ['E04.540.825.600'], ['E04.540.825.249.704', 'E04.943.875'], ['C23.550.767'], ['E04.614.750', 'N02.421.585.753.750'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E07.695.750'], ['E01.370.380.750'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['E01.370.380.850.950', 'F02.463.593.932.901', 'G14.940']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Novel control of the position-dependent expression of genes in hepatocytes. The GLUT-1 transporter.
|
The basal hepatocyte phenotype is conferred by the expression of liver-specific genes. In the adult liver, the basal hepatocyte phenotype is further modified by transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of genes which result in the appearance of specific proteins in selected hepatocytes. One of these proteins is the erythroid/brain or GLUT-1 glucose transporter. The GLUT-1 protein is detected in the plasma membrane of only one or two hepatocytes located at the end of the liver cell plate, contiguous to the hepatic venule. The objective of this study was to define the molecular mechanisms responsible for the restricted expression of the GLUT-1 protein in rat liver. Hepatocytes were isolated from either the proximal ("periportal") or the distal ("perivenular") half of the liver cell plate. The GLUT-1 mRNA as well as the GLUT-1 protein content and intracellular distribution were defined after subcellular fractionation of each hepatocyte population. In addition, the location of the GLUT-1 protein in liver tissue was determined by confocal microscopy. We propose that the GLUT-1 gene is transcribed and the mRNA is translated by both "periportal" and "perivenular" hepatocytes. However, insertion of the GLUT-1 protein into the plasma membrane occurs only in the last two hepatocytes contiguous to the hepatic venule. In other hepatocytes, the protein remains in a different cellular compartment characterized here as a "low density microsomal" fraction.
|
['Animals', 'Biomarkers', 'Cell Fractionation', 'Cell Separation', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Dactinomycin', 'Gene Expression', 'HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins', 'Heat-Shock Proteins', 'Keratins', 'Liver', 'Liver Circulation', 'Male', 'Membrane Proteins', 'Monosaccharide Transport Proteins', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred F344', 'Subcellular Fractions']
| 7,690,040
|
[['B01.050'], ['D23.101'], ['E05.242.251'], ['E01.370.225.500.363', 'E05.200.500.363', 'E05.242.363'], ['A11.251'], ['D03.633.300.200', 'D04.345.566.252', 'D12.644.641.252'], ['G05.297'], ['D12.776.580.216.375'], ['D12.776.580.216'], ['D05.750.078.593.450', 'D12.776.220.475.450', 'D12.776.860.607'], ['A03.620'], ['G09.330.100.881.552'], ['D12.776.543'], ['D12.776.157.530.500', 'D12.776.543.585.500'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760.200', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400.200'], ['A11.284.835']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
A method to create reference maps for evaluation of ultrasound images of carotid atherosclerotic plaque.
|
Ten formalin-fixed atherosclerotic carotid plaques removed by endarterectomy were molded into rectangular agar blocks containing fiducial markers on the top surface. Plaque and fiducial markers were imaged with 3-D multiangle ultrasound (US) spatial compounding as well as planar X ray. Subsequently, the blocks were decalcified, sliced, photographed and analyzed histologically. This gave a total of 123 slices. The plaque regions of the photographs were outlined and the outline adjusted to partly compensate for occasional displacement during slicing. Inside this outline, the material constitutions were found by incorporating the histologic information. From this set, slices with 1. too much tissue displacement due to cutting or 2. lack of identification of calcification as found by x ray, were removed. This resulted in 53 reference maps. The material types identified covered soft tissues, fibrous tissue, calcified tissue and unidentified tissues. The 53 reference maps can be used for direct automated quantitative comparison with US images.
|
['Arteriosclerosis', 'Calcinosis', 'Carotid Arteries', 'Carotid Stenosis', 'Humans', 'Image Processing, Computer-Assisted', 'Photography', 'Reference Values', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Ultrasonography']
| 15,550,316
|
[['C14.907.137.126'], ['C18.452.174.130'], ['A07.015.114.186'], ['C10.228.140.300.200.360', 'C14.907.137.230', 'C14.907.253.123.360'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.224.308'], ['E01.370.350.600', 'E05.712'], ['E05.978.810'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['E01.370.350.850']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Identification of Major Flavone C-Glycosides and Their Optimized Extraction from Cymbidium kanran Using Deep Eutectic Solvents.
|
Cymbidium kanran, an orchid exclusively distributed in Northeast Asia, has been highly valued as a decorative plant and traditional herbal medicine. Here, C. kanran extracts were prepared in 70% aqueous methanol using ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) and subjected to liquid chromatography-photodiode array detection and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight-mass spectrometry analysis, which were used for quantitative and qualitative analysis, respectively. It was found that the extracts were rich in flavone C-glycosides including vicenin-2, vicenin-3, schaftoside, vitexin, and isovitexin. Ten deep eutectic solvents (DESs) were synthesized by combining choline chloride (hydrogen bond acceptor) with various polyols and diols (hydrogen bond donors) and were tested as a medium for the efficient production of extracts enriched with potentially bioactive flavone C-glycosides from C. kanran. A DES named ChCl:DPG, composed of choline chloride and dipropylene glycol at a 1:4 molar ratio, exhibited the best extraction yields. Then, the effects of extraction conditions on the extraction efficiency were investigated by response surface methodology. Lower water content in the extraction solvent and longer extraction time during UAE were desirable for higher extraction yields. Under the statistically optimized conditions, in which 100 mg of C. kanran powder were extracted in 0.53 mL of a mixture of ChCl:DPG and water (74:26, w/w) for 86 min, a total of 3.441 mg g-1 flavone C-glycosides including 1.933 mg g-1 vicenin-2 was obtained. This total yield was 196%, 131%, and 71% more than those obtained using 100% methanol, water, and 70% methanol, respectively.
|
['Apigenin', 'Flavones', 'Glucosides', 'Glycosides', 'Monosaccharides', 'Orchidaceae', 'Plant Extracts', 'Solvents']
| 29,156,555
|
[['D03.383.663.283.266.450.260.110', 'D03.633.100.150.266.450.260.110'], ['D03.383.663.283.266.450.260', 'D03.633.100.150.266.450.260'], ['D09.408.348'], ['D09.408'], ['D09.947.875'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.618.100.640'], ['D20.215.784.500', 'D26.667'], ['D27.720.844']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Transient post-vagotomy dysphagia: A distinct clinical and roentgenographic entity.
|
Dysphagia is a relatively infrequent complication of vagotomy in the postoperative period. The most common form is a transient post-vagotomy dysphagia which requires not treatment other than the temporary exclusion of solid food. Accurate diagnosis is possible on the basis of clinical history and typical roentgenographic findings. The onset of dysphagia characteristically occurs with the first ingestion of solid foods on the seventh to fourteenth postoperative days. A barium swallow examination reveals persistent tapered narrowing of the therminal three to four centrimeters of the esophagus. Most cases are relieved in two to six weeks without clinical or roentgenographic residua. Five cases of transient postvagotomy dysphagia are presented.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Barium Sulfate', 'Deglutition Disorders', 'Diagnosis, Differential', 'Esophagus', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Radiography', 'Vagotomy']
| 1,211,525
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D01.103.075', 'D01.875.800.800.850.075'], ['C06.405.117.119', 'C09.775.174'], ['E01.171'], ['A03.556.875.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.370.350.700'], ['E04.525.210.105.600.850']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Permeabilisation of the sarcolemma in mouse diaphragm exposed to Bay K 8644 in vitro: time course, dependence on Ca2+ and effects of enzyme inhibitors.
|
Treatment of partially depolarised mouse diaphragm muscle in vitro with the Ca2(+)-channel agonist Bay K 8644 (1 microM) induces permeabilisation of the sarcolemma (visualised by penetration of procion yellow). Procion yellow staining was widespread (74% of fibres) after 2 h of treatment, but was negligible after 60 min, a time at which myofibre breakdown is well advanced and elevation of [Ca2+]i is minimal (Howl and Publicover 1989). Permeabilisation was inhibited in Ca2(+)-free saline, and was much less pronounced in polarised fibres. Inhibitors of free radical generation (particularly OH) afforded considerable protection to the muscle membrane against Bay K 8644-induced membrane permeabilisation. Inhibition of phospholipase A2 and lipoxygenase were also effective, but inhibition of xanthine oxidase (by allopurinol) had little effect. It is concluded that the initial effect of Bay K 8644 treatment is to increase Ca2+ influx through Ca2+ channels at the sarcolemma, and that this action subsequently induces membrane permeabilisation. Membrane damage probably occurs due to free radical generation and activation of phospholipase A2, both resulting from elevation of [Ca2+]i.
|
['3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid, 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-5-nitro-4-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-, Methyl ester', 'Allopurinol', 'Animals', 'Calcium Channels', 'Cell Membrane Permeability', 'Diaphragm', 'Enzyme Inhibitors', 'Lipoxygenase', 'Masoprocol', 'Mice', 'Phospholipases', 'Quinacrine', 'Triazines']
| 1,692,658
|
[['D03.383.725.203.600', 'D03.383.725.547.900'], ['D03.633.100.759.160'], ['B01.050'], ['D12.776.157.530.400.150', 'D12.776.543.550.450.150', 'D12.776.543.585.400.150'], ['G03.143.335', 'G04.175'], ['A02.633.567.900.300'], ['D27.505.519.389'], ['D08.811.682.690.416.583.625', 'D12.776.556.579.374.568.750'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.140.450.582', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.550'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['D08.811.277.352.100.680', 'D08.811.277.352.640.700'], ['D03.633.300.046.250.760'], ['D03.383.931']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Regulation of synthesis of the neurosecretory egg-laying hormone of Aplysia: antagonistic roles of calcium and cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate.
|
The potential role of cyclic nucleotides and calcium as regulators of neuropeptide biosynthesis was examined in the bag cell neurons of Aplysia, which produce and secrete a peptide egg-laying hormone (ELH). Elevated external potassium, which stimulates ELH biosynthesis, increased bag cell cAMP levels when assayed in the presence of a phosphodiesterase inhibitor. Dopamine and serotonin, which increase bag cell cAMP levels, both stimulated ELH synthesis, as did the phosphodiesterase inhibitor isobutylmethylxanthine, the specific adenylate cyclase activator forskolin, and the phosphodiesterase-resistant cAMP analogue 8-benzylthio-cAMP. The stimulatory effect on peptide biosynthesis appears to be specific for cAMP, as bag cell cGMP levels were not altered significantly by high potassium or forskolin, and 8-bromo-cGMP did not stimulate ELH synthesis. In contrast to cAMP, intracellular calcium inhibits ELH production: biosynthesis of the peptide was elevated in a 0 Ca2+/EGTA medium and reduced in the presence of the Ca2+ ionophore A23187. Synthesis was also elevated in the presence of the calmodulin inhibitor calmidazolium. Treatment of intact bag cells with 0 Ca2+/EGTA or A23187 did not alter cAMP levels significantly, suggesting that calcium exerts its effect on peptide synthesis independently of cAMP. The antagonistic effects of cAMP and calcium on ELH synthesis parallel their effects on bag cell excitability, suggesting that, in these cells, neuropeptide synthesis and secretion are co-regulated by the same intracellular messengers.
|
['Aplysia', 'Calcium', 'Cyclic AMP', 'Cyclic GMP', 'Invertebrate Hormones', 'Potassium']
| 2,987,435
|
[['B01.050.500.644.400.060'], ['D01.268.552.100', 'D01.552.539.288', 'D23.119.100'], ['D03.633.100.759.646.138.395', 'D13.695.462.200', 'D13.695.667.138.395', 'D13.695.827.068.395'], ['D03.633.100.759.646.454.160', 'D13.695.462.275', 'D13.695.667.454.160', 'D13.695.827.426.160'], ['D06.472.445'], ['D01.268.549.550', 'D01.268.557.575', 'D01.552.528.652', 'D01.552.547.650']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Zazen and psychotherapeutic presence.
|
Zen meditation, or zazen, has attracted the interest of many psychotherapists. The teachings and practices of the Soto Zen tradition are understood as encouraging important areas of both psychological and spiritual development. Zen, like the relational psychoanalytic theories, encourages its practitioners to become aware of the fundamentally distorted aspects of an overly individualistic view of human experience. As a spiritual practice, zazen increases the practitioner's tolerance and appreciation of the Wholeness that Buddhists refer to as Emptiness. As a psychological practice, it helps us to be more flexibly and intimately present with our patients. An effective therapeutic process, even of the most secular type, will often contain elements of the meditative process of zazen, and failure to actualize this in psychotherapy can have a negative impact on our ability to understand and help our patients.
|
['Buddhism', 'Humans', 'Meditation', 'Psychotherapy']
| 11,109,137
|
[['K01.844.117'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.190.525.374', 'E02.190.901.455', 'F04.754.137.750.500'], ['F04.754']]
|
['Humanities [K]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Killed but metabolically active Leishmania infantum as a novel whole-cell vaccine for visceral leishmaniasis.
|
There are currently no effective vaccines for visceral leishmaniasis, the second most deadly parasitic infection in the world. Here, we describe a novel whole-cell vaccine approach using Leishmania infantum chagasi promastigotes treated with the psoralen compound amotosalen (S-59) and low doses of UV A radiation. This treatment generates permanent, covalent DNA cross-links within parasites and results in Leishmania organisms termed killed but metabolically active (KBMA). In this report, we characterize the in vitro growth characteristics of both KBMA L. major and KBMA L. infantum chagasi. Concentrations of S-59 that generate optimally attenuated parasites were identified. Like live L. infantum chagasi, KBMA L. infantum chagasi parasites were able to initially enter liver cells in vivo after intravenous infection. However, whereas live L. infantum chagasi infection leads to hepatosplenomegaly in mice after 6 months, KBMA L. infantum chagasi parasites were undetectable in the organs of mice at this time point. In vitro, KBMA L. infantum chagasi retained the ability to enter macrophages and induce nitric oxide production. These characteristics of KBMA L. infantum chagasi correlated with the ability to prophylactically protect mice via subcutaneous vaccination at levels similar to vaccination with live, virulent organisms. Splenocytes from mice vaccinated with either live L. infantum chagasi or KBMA L. infantum chagasi displayed similar cytokine patterns in vitro. These results suggest that KBMA technology is a potentially safe and effective novel vaccine strategy against the intracellular protozoan L. infantum chagasi. This approach may represent a new method for whole-cell vaccination against other complex intracellular pathogens.
|
['Animal Structures', 'Animals', 'Anti-Infective Agents, Local', 'Female', 'Furocoumarins', 'Leishmania infantum', 'Leishmaniasis Vaccines', 'Leishmaniasis, Visceral', 'Macrophages', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred BALB C', 'Ultraviolet Rays', 'Vaccines, Inactivated']
| 22,323,556
|
[['A13'], ['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.122.187'], ['D03.383.663.283.446.794', 'D03.633.100.150.446.794', 'D03.633.300.770'], ['B01.268.475.868.488.325'], ['D20.215.894.582.480'], ['C01.610.752.300.500.510', 'C01.920.813.510'], ['A11.329.372', 'A11.627.482', 'A11.733.397', 'A15.382.670.522', 'A15.382.680.397'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.338', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.338'], ['G01.358.500.505.650.891', 'G01.590.540.891', 'G01.750.250.650.891', 'G01.750.750.659', 'G01.750.770.578.891', 'G16.500.275.063.725.525.600', 'G16.500.750.775.525.600', 'N06.230.300.100.725.525.600'], ['D20.215.894.830']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
[Disseminated encephalomyelitis. A study of 5 cases].
|
Five cases of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADE) with a follow-up longer than 5 years are presented. The clinical picture, CT images, MR and laboratory tests, specially LCR and evoked potentials presented in a variable form. In two cases the symptoms were preceded by viral infection. The course was acute in one case while the other four evolved in a subacute form during weeks. In two patients a pseudotumoral pattern was observed in the CT and MR images leading to difficulties in the diagnosis. Clinical improvement was accompanied by a partial resolution of the lesions. Steroid treatment improved symptomatology in all the cases. Knowledge of this process may avoid the unnecessary practice of other, more aggressive tests.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Brain', 'Brain Diseases', 'Cerebrospinal Fluid', 'Child', 'Diagnosis, Differential', 'Electroencephalography', 'Encephalomyelitis', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Immunoglobulin G', 'Leukocytes', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Prognosis', 'Radiography', 'Steroids']
| 8,352,977
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['A08.186.211'], ['C10.228.140'], ['A12.207.270.210'], ['M01.060.406'], ['E01.171'], ['E01.370.376.300', 'E01.370.405.245'], ['C01.207.291', 'C10.228.228.291', 'C10.228.440'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.619.393', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.619.393', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.619.393'], ['A11.118.637', 'A15.145.229.637', 'A15.382.490'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['E01.789'], ['E01.370.350.700'], ['D04.210.500']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Vesicoureteral reflux in children with urinary tract infection: comparison of diagnostic accuracy of renal US criteria.
|
PURPOSE: To directly compare various renal ultrasonography (US) criteria for vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) with voiding cystography, the reference method, for diagnostic accuracy in helping to determine an intermediate strategy of screening children who require cystography.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Institutional review board approval and parental consent were obtained for this prospective hospital-based cohort study involving children with urinary tract infections (UTIs). Renal length, ureteral dilatation, pelvic dilatation, and corticomedullary differentiation were analyzed and compared. One hundred seventeen patients (median age, 0.8 year; age range, 0.0-13.9 years) were included: 46 (39%) boys (median age, 0.3 year; age range, 0.5-13.9 years) and 71 girls (median age, 1.2 years; age range, 0.0-11.5 years). A two-level logistic regression model was used to analyze data, and diagnostic accuracy calculations were performed.RESULTS: Thirty-two (27%) children had all-grade VUR, and eight (7%) had VUR of grade 3 or higher. Only ureteral dilatation was significantly related to all-grade VUR (odds ratio [OR], 7.5; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.0, 58.2; P = .05), with 25% sensitivity (95% CI: 15%, 39%) and 88% specificity (95% CI: 83%, 92%). Ureteral, pelvic, and urinary tract dilatations were significantly associated with VUR of grade 3 or higher, with ORs of 20.2 (95% CI: 3.5, 118.2; P = .001), 13.7 (95% CI: 4.1, 46.0; P < .001), and 20.0 (95% CI: 4.4, 90.1; P < .001), respectively. The best compromise between sensitivity and specificity was achieved by using the ureteral dilatation criterion, which had 73% sensitivity (95% CI: 43%, 90%) and 88% specificity (95% CI: 84%, 92%) for high-grade VUR.CONCLUSION: Ureteral dilatation may yield the best accuracy for the US-based diagnosis of both all-grade and high-grade VUR. This US criterion, perhaps in combination with other predictors, might find a place in an evidence-based selective strategy for limiting cystography in children with UTIs.
|
['Adolescent', 'Bayes Theorem', 'Chi-Square Distribution', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Logistic Models', 'Male', 'Prospective Studies', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Ultrasonography', 'Urinary Tract Infections', 'Vesico-Ureteral Reflux']
| 20,501,726
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['E05.318.740.600.200', 'N05.715.360.750.625.150', 'N06.850.520.830.600.200'], ['E05.318.740.994.300', 'G17.820.300', 'N05.715.360.750.750.200', 'N06.850.520.830.994.300'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['E05.318.740.500.525', 'E05.318.740.600.800.450', 'E05.318.740.750.450', 'E05.599.835.875', 'N05.715.360.750.530.480', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.450', 'N05.715.360.750.695.470', 'N06.850.520.830.500.525', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.450', 'N06.850.520.830.750.450'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['E01.370.350.850'], ['C01.915', 'C12.777.892', 'C13.351.968.892'], ['C12.777.829.920', 'C13.351.968.829.920']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Sagittal, vertical, and transverse changes consequent to maxillary molar distalization with the pendulum appliance.
|
INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the skeletal and dental changes in patients who underwent distalization of their maxillary molars with pendulum appliances.METHODS: The sample consisted of 31 patients (initial mean age, 14.58 years) with Angle Class II molar relationships and all permanent teeth up to the second molars. The maxillary molars were distalized with pendulum appliances for a mean period of 5.87 months. Lateral cephalograms, 45 degrees oblique radiographs, and dental casts were obtained before and after distalization. Changes produced by the pendulum appliance were analyzed with paired t tests.RESULTS: Maxillary first molar distalization accounted for 63.5% of the space opening; mesial movement of the maxillary first premolars contributed 36.5% of the space. The mean space opening on lateral cephalograms was 7.25 mm, and the rate of molar movement was 1.23 mm per month. The mean distalization of the maxillary molars was 4.6 mm, with a mean distal crown tipping of 18.5 degrees The maxillary molars experienced expansion, with a smaller effect on the first molars than on the second molars. The pendulum appliance produced symmetrical expansion, with a rate of 1.04 mm per month on the right and 1.10 mm per month on the left.CONCLUSIONS: The pendulum appliance is effective for distalization of the maxillary molars and the establishment of a Class I molar relationship in a relatively short time. However, caution is needed to control collateral effects, including mesial movement of the first premolars and distal tipping of the molar crowns.
|
['Adolescent', 'Cephalometry', 'Child', 'Dental Models', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Malocclusion, Angle Class II', 'Maxilla', 'Mesial Movement of Teeth', 'Molar', 'Orthodontic Anchorage Procedures', 'Orthodontic Appliances', 'Prospective Studies', 'Tooth Movement Techniques']
| 17,045,150
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['E01.370.600.024.250', 'E05.041.250', 'N06.850.505.200.100.300'], ['M01.060.406'], ['E06.261', 'J01.897.280.500.545.129.200', 'L01.178.820.090.545.129.200'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C07.793.494.630'], ['A02.835.232.781.324.502.645', 'A14.521.645'], ['C07.465.714.836.535', 'G10.549.830.535'], ['A14.549.167.860.525'], ['E06.658.337'], ['E06.658.453'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E06.658.578.836']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
The anti-inflammatory effects of platinum nanoparticles on the lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory response in RAW 264.7 macrophages.
|
OBJECTIVE: Platinum nanoparticles (nano-Pt) have been reported to possess anti-oxidant and anti-tumor activities. However, the biological activity and mechanism of action of nano-Pt in inflammation are still unknown. The present study was designed to determine the in-vitro anti-inflammatory effects of nano-Pt on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells.METHODS: RAW 264.7 macrophages were used for the study. The LPS-induced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was determined by flow cytometry. The prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) concentration was measured using a PGE(2) assay kit. The protein levels and mRNA expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines [tumor necrosis factor-á, interleukin (IL)-1â and IL-6], along with cyclooxygenase (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase, were analyzed by Western blotting and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis. The phosphorylation of extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK1/2) and Akt, and the phosphorylation and degradation of inhibitory kappa B-alpha (IêB-á) was determined by Western blot analysis.RESULTS: Nano-Pt significantly reduced the LPS-induced production of intracellular ROS and inflammatory mediators. In addition, nano-Pt suppressed the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and Akt, and significantly inhibited the phosphorylation/degradation of IêB-á as well as nuclear factor kappa-B (NFêB) transcriptional activity.CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the anti-inflammatory properties of nano-Pt may be attributed to their downregulation of the NFêB signaling pathway in macrophages, thus supporting the use of nano-Pt as an anti-inflammatory agent.
|
['Animals', 'Anti-Inflammatory Agents', 'Cell Line', 'Cell Survival', 'Cyclooxygenase 2', 'Cytokines', 'Dinoprostone', 'Inflammation', 'Lipopolysaccharides', 'Metal Nanoparticles', 'Mice', 'Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases', 'NF-kappa B', 'Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II', 'Platinum', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Reactive Oxygen Species']
| 22,752,115
|
[['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.158'], ['A11.251.210'], ['G04.346'], ['D08.811.600.720.750'], ['D12.644.276.374', 'D12.776.467.374', 'D23.529.374'], ['D10.251.355.255.550.250.200', 'D23.469.050.175.725.250.200'], ['C23.550.470'], ['D09.400.500', 'D09.698.718.450', 'D10.494', 'D23.050.161.616.525', 'D23.946.123.329.500'], ['J01.637.512.600.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.567', 'D12.644.360.450', 'D12.776.476.450'], ['D05.500.672', 'D12.776.260.600', 'D12.776.660.600', 'D12.776.930.600'], ['D08.811.682.664.500.772.500', 'D12.776.157.687.575', 'D12.776.660.720.575'], ['D01.268.556.690', 'D01.268.956.734', 'D01.552.544.690'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.755', 'D12.776.476.565', 'D12.776.624.664.700.168'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['D01.339.431', 'D01.650.775']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
CSF tau and tau/Aâ42 predict cognitive decline in Parkinson's disease.
|
INTRODUCTION: A substantial proportion of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) have concomitant cognitive dysfunction. Identification of biomarker profiles that predict which PD patients have a greater likelihood for progression of cognitive symptoms is pressingly needed for future treatment and prevention approaches.METHODS: Subjects were drawn from the Deprenyl and Tocopherol Antioxidative Therapy of Parkinsonism (DATATOP) study, a large clinical trial that enrolled initially untreated PD patients. For the current study, Phase One encompassed trial baseline until just prior to levodopa administration (n = 403), and Phase Two spanned the initiation of levodopa treatment until the end of cognitive follow-up (n = 305). Correlations and linear mixed models were performed to determine cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between baseline amyloid â1-42 (Aâ42), total tau (t-tau), and phosphorylated tau (p-tau) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and measures of memory and executive function. Analyses also considered APOE genotype and tremor- vs. rigidity-dominant phenotype.RESULTS: No association was found between baseline CSF biomarkers and cognitive test performance during Phase One. However, once levodopa treatment was initiated, higher p-tau and p-tau/Aâ42 predicted subsequent decline on cognitive tasks involving both memory and executive functions. The interactions between biomarkers and cognition decline did not appear to be influenced by levodopa dosage, APOE genotype or motor phenotype.CONCLUSIONS: The current study has, for the first time, demonstrated the possible involvement of tau species, whose gene (MAPT) has been consistently linked to the risk of PD by genome-wide association studies, in the progression of cognitive symptoms in PD.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Amyloid beta-Peptides', 'Antioxidants', 'Apolipoproteins E', 'Cognition Disorders', 'Cohort Studies', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Linear Models', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors', 'Neuropsychological Tests', 'Parkinson Disease', 'Peptide Fragments', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Selegiline', 'Severity of Illness Index', 'Time Factors', 'Vitamin E', 'tau Proteins']
| 25,596,881
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D12.644.024', 'D12.776.049.407.249.500', 'D12.776.543.039.500'], ['D27.505.519.217', 'D27.505.696.706.125', 'D27.720.799.047'], ['D10.532.091.500', 'D12.776.070.400.500', 'D12.776.521.120.500'], ['F03.615.250'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.740.500.500', 'E05.318.740.750.425', 'E05.599.835.750', 'N05.715.360.750.530.460', 'N05.715.360.750.695.460', 'N06.850.520.830.500.500', 'N06.850.520.830.750.425'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D27.505.519.389.616'], ['F04.711.513'], ['C10.228.140.079.862.500', 'C10.228.662.600.400', 'C10.574.928.750'], ['D12.644.541'], ['E05.318.370.800.650', 'N05.715.360.325.700.640', 'N06.850.520.445.800.650'], ['D02.092.471.683.915'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475.456.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.364.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.364.500'], ['G01.910.857'], ['D03.383.663.283.909', 'D03.633.100.150.909'], ['D12.776.220.600.450.510', 'D12.776.631.560.510']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Multiple Rho proteins regulate the subcellular targeting of PAK5.
|
We investigated the regulatory mechanisms controlling the subcellular localization of p21-activated kinase 5 (PAK5) and found that the Cdc42/Rac interactive binding (CRIB) domain within PAK5 is critical for proper targeting within the cell. We also observed that PAK5 interacts with RhoD and RhoH in addition to Cdc42, and that interaction with RhoD targets PAK5 to subcellular locations that are distinct from those stimulated by Cdc42. Through deletion analysis we observed that the mitochondrial localization of PAK5 is controlled by multiple domains, providing evidence that the kinase activity of PAK5 is critical to its ability to cycle on and off mitochondria, and demonstrate that expression of kinase-inactive PAK5 elicits dramatic effects on mitochondrial morphology. These data indicate that PAK5 is directed to distinct subcellular locations by different Rho family small G proteins as well as by intrinsic targeting sequences.
|
['Cell Line', 'Cell Nucleus', 'Humans', 'Intracellular Space', 'Mitochondria', 'Mutation', 'Protein Binding', 'Protein Structure, Tertiary', 'Protein Transport', 'Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases', 'Recombinant Fusion Proteins', 'Signal Transduction', 'cdc42 GTP-Binding Protein', 'p21-Activated Kinases', 'rac GTP-Binding Proteins', 'rho GTP-Binding Proteins']
| 17,064,668
|
[['A11.251.210'], ['A11.284.430.106', 'A11.284.430.214.190.875.117'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A10.082.750', 'A11.284.430'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.564', 'A11.284.835.626'], ['G05.365.590'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808'], ['G02.111.570.820.709.610'], ['G03.143.700'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700'], ['D12.776.828.300'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['D08.811.277.040.330.300.400.700.050', 'D12.644.360.525.700.050', 'D12.776.157.325.515.700.050', 'D12.776.476.525.700.050'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.596', 'D12.644.360.552', 'D12.776.476.548'], ['D08.811.277.040.330.300.400.700.100', 'D12.644.360.525.700.100', 'D12.776.157.325.515.700.100', 'D12.776.476.525.700.100'], ['D08.811.277.040.330.300.400.700', 'D12.644.360.525.700', 'D12.776.157.325.515.700', 'D12.776.476.525.700']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The discipline of innovation.
|
As managers recognize the heightened importance of innovation to competitive success, they face an apparent paradox: the orderly and predictable decisions on which a business rests depend increasingly on the disorderly and unpredictable process of innovation. How can managers expect to plan for--or count on--a process that is itself so utterly dependent on creativity, inspiration, and old-fashioned luck? Drawing on his many years' experience studying innovative and entrepreneurial companies, the author argues that this paradox is apparent only, not real. Most of what happens in successful innovations is not the happy occurrence of a blinding flash of insight but, rather, the careful implementation of an unspectacular but systematic management discipline. At the heart of that discipline lies the knowledge of where to look for innovation opportunities and how to identify them. It is to this study of the sources of innovation that Mr. Drucker here addresses himself.
|
['Organization and Administration', 'Organizational Innovation', 'United States']
| 10,272,260
|
[['N04.452'], ['N04.452.610'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
ENERGY EXPENDITURE IN 21-HYDROXYLASE CONGENITAL ADRENAL HYPERPLASIA PATIENTS AND COMPARISON WITH PREDICTIVE EQUATIONS.
|
Objective: To characterize resting energy expenditure (REE) in patients with classic 21-hydroxylase congenital adrenal hyperplasia (21-OH CAH) using indirect calorimetry and compare it to the most commonly used REE predictive equations. Methods: This case-control study comprised 29 post-pubertal 21-OH CAH patients regularly followed at the University of Campinas. Elevated serum 17-hydroxyprogesterone and CYP21 gene molecular analysis confirmed the diagnosis. A healthy control group paired by age, gender, and body mass index was examined. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) measured body compositions. A bioimpedance analyzer determined fat-free mass, and indirect calorimetry using a metabolic cart measured REE. Results: Unlike our initial hypothesis, REE was similar between the groups (18.7 ± 3.1 kcal/kg/day in CAH vs. 20.3 ± 3.5 kcal/kg/day in controls; P = .728). No predictive equations reached the stipulated accuracy criteria, thus lacking validity in REE assessment in adults with the characteristics of the group studied. DEXA analysis revealed higher body fat and diminished nonbone lean mass in 21-OH CAH. Anthropometric and bioelectrical impedance parameters were not significantly different. Conclusion: Classic 21-OH CAH is generally followed in reference centers, which may facilitate indirect calorimetry use for REE measurement. Alternatively, considering our REE findings in adult 21-OH CAH patients, nutrition management based on 25 kcal/body weight/day (measured REE ? activity factor 1.2 to 1.3) may be reasonable for current body weight maintenance in these patients. Abbreviations: 17-OHP = 17-hydroxyprogesterone; 21-OH CAH = classic 21-hydroxylase deficiency congenital adrenal hyperplasia; BMI = body mass index; REE = resting energy expenditure; VO2 = volume of oxygen; VCO2 = volume of carbon dioxide.
|
['Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital', 'Basal Metabolism', 'Body Composition', 'Body Mass Index', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Energy Metabolism', 'Humans', 'Steroid 21-Hydroxylase']
| 31,859,548
|
[['C12.706.316.090.500', 'C13.351.875.253.090.500', 'C16.131.939.316.129.500', 'C16.320.033', 'C16.320.565.925.249', 'C18.452.648.925.249', 'C19.053.440', 'C19.391.119.090.500'], ['G03.295.154'], ['G02.111.130', 'G03.180', 'G07.100.049'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.125', 'E05.041.124.125', 'G07.100.100.125', 'N06.850.505.200.100.175'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['G03.295'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D08.244.453.493.500', 'D08.244.453.915.760', 'D08.811.682.690.708.170.463.500', 'D08.811.682.690.708.170.915.760', 'D12.776.422.220.453.493.500', 'D12.776.422.220.453.915.760']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Good practices in free-energy calculations.
|
As access to computational resources continues to increase, free-energy calculations have emerged as a powerful tool that can play a predictive role in a wide range of research areas. Yet, the reliability of these calculations can often be improved significantly if a number of precepts, or good practices, are followed. Although the theory upon which these good practices rely has largely been known for many years, it is often overlooked or simply ignored. In other cases, the theoretical developments are too recent for their potential to be fully grasped and merged into popular platforms for the computation of free-energy differences. In this contribution, the current best practices for carrying out free-energy calculations using free energy perturbation and nonequilibrium work methods are discussed, demonstrating that at little to no additional cost, free-energy estimates could be markedly improved and bounded by meaningful error estimates. Monitoring the probability distributions that underlie the transformation between the states of interest, performing the calculation bidirectionally, stratifying the reaction pathway, and choosing the most appropriate paradigms and algorithms for transforming between states offer significant gains in both accuracy and precision.
|
['Algorithms', 'Computer Simulation', 'Entropy', 'Mathematics', 'Models, Molecular', 'Models, Theoretical', 'Thermodynamics']
| 20,701,361
|
[['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['L01.224.160'], ['G01.906.345'], ['H01.548'], ['E05.599.595'], ['E05.599'], ['G01.906']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Comparison of functional disability scales and their relevance to radiological progression in patients with rheumatoid arthritis in remission.
|
OBJECTIVE: To look for any correlations between radiological scores and hand functions evaluated with two different methods in patients with rheumatoid arthritis in remission.METHODS: Forty-two patients diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in remission according to ACR criteria were assessed for their hand functions with Duru?z's Hand Index (DHI), and with Sollerman Function Test (SHFT) as well as with Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ). Hand X-rays were evaluated according to Modified Sharp Index; joint space narrowing score (JSNS), erosion score (ES), and total score (TS) were calculated. The X-rays were assessed by the same rheumatologist three times.RESULTS: Mean HAQ score, mean DHI score and mean SHFT scores were 0.88+/-0.68, 17.74+/-17.81, 72.24+/-9.23 respectively. Radiologic scores were as follows: JSN 35.04+/-28.14, ES 25.19+/-36.23, TS 60.26+/-66.21. Intraobserver reliability was high (r=0,98). There was a positive correlation between HAQ and DHI (p<0.001), a negative correlation between SHFT. There was also a negative correlation between DHI and SHFT. The correlations between JSNS, ES and TS with respect to HAQ and SHFT were strong (p<0.0001) along with DHI (p<0.05).CONCLUSION: HAQ was found correlated with DHI and SHFT. Modified Sharp scores were found correlated with the general disability and hand functions. SHFT, with respect to DHI, takes a longer period of time, depends on equipment and needs an observer. On the contrary, DHI offers a more practical and economical way of assessment.
|
['Arthritis, Rheumatoid', 'Arthrography', 'Disability Evaluation', 'Disease Progression', 'Disease-Free Survival', 'Female', 'Finger Joint', 'Hand', 'Hand Strength', 'Health Status', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Remission Induction', 'Severity of Illness Index', 'Surveys and Questionnaires']
| 17,181,923
|
[['C05.550.114.154', 'C05.799.114', 'C17.300.775.099', 'C20.111.199'], ['E01.370.350.700.070'], ['E01.370.400'], ['C23.550.291.656'], ['E01.789.800.190', 'E05.318.740.998.300', 'N04.761.559.590.800.190', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800.190', 'N05.715.360.750.795.300', 'N06.850.520.830.998.300'], ['A02.835.583.405.350'], ['A01.378.800.667'], ['E01.370.600.425.500', 'G11.427.560.500'], ['I01.240.425', 'N01.224.425', 'N06.850.505.400.425'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E02.860'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475.456.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.364.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.364.500'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
What lies ahead for medicine in 1990 and beyond.
|
Standing on the brink of a new decade, Texas physicians have a lot to look forward to. They also have a lot to worry about. Cancer research may make it possible to intervene in the disease process. At the same time, the Health Care Financing Administration is threatening to tighten its reins on peer review. Expansion of the Medicaid program will assure care for more pregnant women and children. But, the number of uninsured and underinsured is growing. In this article, experts in medical economics, public health, and legislation gaze into the crystal ball and share their vision of the topsy-turvy, partly good-partly bad future.
|
['Economics, Medical', 'Forecasting', 'Legislation as Topic', 'Public Health', 'Texas']
| 2,300,911
|
[['N03.219.300'], ['I01.320'], ['N03.706.615'], ['H02.403.720', 'N01.400.550', 'N06.850'], ['Z01.107.567.875.760.750']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Spread of stimulating current in the cortical grey matter of rat visual cortex studied on a new in vitro slice preparation.
|
Extracellular electrical stimulation of the cortical grey matter is very often used in electrophysiological studies, but the parameters of the stimulation itself have received only little attention. This study addresses the issue of the spread of stimulating current in rat visual areas 17 and 18a maintained in vitro. The preparation of the slices relied on a protocol making use of several of the means known to limit the effects of ischaemia: Halothane anaesthesia was used during the surgery and intracardiac perfusion was employed to reduce the brain temperature, to increase the intracerebral concentration of glucose and magnesium and to decrease that of calcium. The spread of stimulating current has been determined from strength-distance relationships established for the activation of axons. The strength-distance curves could be fitted by a quadratic relationship, indicating that the threshold current for the activation of an axon increases as the square of the distance separating it from the tip of the stimulating electrode. The slope of the regression line between threshold intensity and squared distance (k coefficient) is highly variable from one axon to another (range 2100-27 500 microA/mm2, median 8850 microA/mm2). Part of this variability is related to differences in conduction velocity. The theoretical number of axonal branches and axon initial segments activated by a given current intensity has been extrapolated from these experimental results.
|
['Action Potentials', 'Animals', 'Axons', 'Electric Stimulation', 'Electrophysiology', 'Extracellular Space', 'Female', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Male', 'Microelectrodes', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Visual Cortex']
| 8,872,891
|
[['G04.580.100', 'G07.265.675.100', 'G11.561.570.100'], ['B01.050'], ['A08.675.542.145', 'A11.284.180.075', 'A11.671.137', 'A11.671.501.145'], ['E05.723.402'], ['H01.158.344.528', 'H01.158.782.236'], ['A10.082.500', 'A11.284.295'], ['E05.481'], ['E07.305.250.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.571.735', 'A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.814.953']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Analysis of the clinico-hematological relevance of the breakpoint location within M-BCR in chronic myeloid leukemia.
|
The Philadelphia chromosome (Ph) derives from the balanced translocation between chromosomes 9 and 22. This chromosomal translocation results in the fusion between the 5' part of the BCR gene, normally located on chromosome 22, and the 3' part of the ABL gene on chromosome 9 giving origin to a BCR-ABL fusion gene which is transcribed and then translated into a hybrid protein. In general, three breakpoint cluster regions in the BCR gene have been described: major (M-BCR), minor (m-BCR) and micro (ì-BCR). Three main variants of the BCR-ABL gene have been described depending on the length of the sequence of the BCR gene included that encode for the P190, P210, P230 proteins. Most patients (95 %) were found to have P210 protein that resulted from rearrangement in the M-BCR region in the BCR gene and thus gives rise to b2a2 or b3a2 variants. The incidence of one or other rearrangement in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients varies in different reported series. These two variants are associated with distinct clinical types of human leukemias. In this study, we report the frequencies of M-BCR-ABL fusion transcripts in 44 CML patients and we review the data on the correlations between the type of M-BCR/ABL variant and the corresponding sex, age and biological features. Forty-four untreated chronic phase CML patients were studied. The type of BCR-ABL fusion transcripts was determined by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). More than half of them showed b3a2 fusion transcript (64 %), while (36 %) showed b2a2 transcript. No patients coexpressed b3a2/b2a2. Correlation between biological data demonstrated that: (a) M-BCR rearrangements were not associated with the sex of the patients. (b) Patients with b3a2 rearrangements were older than patients with b2a2 transcripts. (c) M-BCR rearrangements were influenced neither by the white blood count (WBC) nor with hemoglobin levels. However, platelet level is more elevated in patients with b3a2 transcript (681.2/L vs. 207/L; P = 0.001). In conclusion, we observed significant correlations between age, platelet level and M-BCR-ABL transcript, these observations deserve further investigations.
|
['Adult', 'Chromosome Breakpoints', 'Female', 'Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl', 'Genes, abl', 'Humans', 'Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction']
| 23,269,583
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['G05.200.210.170.500'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.500.500', 'D12.776.602.500.500.100', 'D12.776.624.664.500.100', 'D12.776.624.664.700.171.500'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.375.500.791.100'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.557.337.539.250', 'C15.378.190.636.370'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.393.620.500.487'], ['E05.393.620.500.725']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
The role of heme oxygenase and aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase in the protection by cysteamine from acetaminophen hepatotoxicity.
|
Administration of cysteamine to rats depressed hepatic aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) activity, cytochrome P-450, and total heme at 24 hr. Total heme remained decreased at 48 hr when all other parameters returned to control values. A significant 5-fold increase in heme oxygenase activity occurred in rat liver 5 hr after treatment, when AHH activity and total heme were unchanged. Histological examination of liver biopsies from rats treated with cysteamine revealed normal hepatic architecture. The observed effects of cysteamine on hepatic drug-metabolizing enzymes in vivo were not due to cysteamine-induced hepatotoxicity. Our results indicate that cysteamine increases heme oxygenase activity in rat liver, with a subsequent decrease in total heme, AHH activity, and cytochrome P-450 content. The depression of P-450 by cysteamine is likely to be an important mechanism for its protection in acetaminophen overdose. The protection studies illustrate this mechanism. Centrilobular hepatic necrosis and elevation in transaminase activity following a toxic dose of acetaminophen were prevented by treatment with cysteamine. The hepatoprotective effect of cysteamine was evident when acetaminophen was administered 24 hr after cysteamine but did not occur when acetaminophen was administered 5 hr after cysteamine or simultaneously. All groups of rats receiving cysteamine showed decreased mortality compared to the group receiving acetaminophen alone.
|
['Acetaminophen', 'Animals', 'Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases', 'Cysteamine', 'Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors', 'Heme Oxygenase (Decyclizing)', 'Liver', 'Male', 'Mixed Function Oxygenases', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Strains']
| 2,609,341
|
[['D02.065.199.092.040', 'D02.092.146.113.092.040'], ['B01.050'], ['D08.244.453.005', 'D08.811.682.690.708.170.010', 'D12.776.422.220.453.010'], ['D02.092.471.562.369', 'D02.886.489.472.369'], ['D27.505.389.500', 'D27.505.519.389.335'], ['D08.811.682.690.708.410'], ['A03.620'], ['D08.811.682.690.708'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Expression of individual Ia specificities on T and B cells. I. Studies with mitogen-induced blast cells.
|
Ia specificities 1-10 were detected on LPS-stimulated splenic lymphocytes and on Con A-stimulated spleen, lymph node, and thymus blasts by direct cytotoxic tests. Since Ia antigens are not readily detectable on resting thymocytes, our results suggest that T cells require some signal before they exhibit full expression of Ia specificities. Absorption-elution studies indicated that most of the Ia specificities detected on T and B cells may be identical. Ia antigens detected by homologous antisera gave much stronger reactions than those detected by cross-reacting antisera.
|
['Animals', 'Antigens', 'B-Lymphocytes', 'Cross Reactions', 'Epitopes', 'Lipopolysaccharides', 'Lymph Nodes', 'Lymphocyte Activation', 'Lymphocytes', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred Strains', 'Spleen', 'T-Lymphocytes', 'Thymus Gland']
| 53,267
|
[['B01.050'], ['D23.050'], ['A11.063.438', 'A11.118.637.555.567.562', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.562', 'A15.382.032.438', 'A15.382.490.555.567.562'], ['G12.122.281'], ['D23.050.550'], ['D09.400.500', 'D09.698.718.450', 'D10.494', 'D23.050.161.616.525', 'D23.946.123.329.500'], ['A10.549.400', 'A15.382.520.604.412'], ['E01.370.225.812.482', 'E05.200.812.482', 'E05.478.594.530', 'G12.450.050.400.545', 'G12.565'], ['A11.118.637.555.567', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567', 'A15.382.490.555.567'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400'], ['A10.549.700', 'A15.382.520.604.700'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.569', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569'], ['A10.549.750', 'A15.382.520.604.750']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Membrane integrity, mitochondrial activity, ATP content, and motility of the European catfish (Silurus glanis) testicular spermatozoa after freezing with different cryoprotectants.
|
The extent of cellular damage was investigated after freeze-thawing of the European catfish testicular sperm with various cryoprotectants. The best protection was given by dimethylacetamide (10 and 15%) in a sucrose solution. Under these conditions, the percentage of cells with an intact membrane was high (90%), and the protection of the activity of the mitochondria was medium (47%). It was shown that the addition of dimethylacetamide largely increased the ATP content of the spermatozoa. It is suggested that this phenomenon is a decisive factor for the freezing resistance of European catfish testicular spermatozoa in the presence of dimethylacetamide (60% motility after thawing versus 90% before freezing).
|
['Acetamides', 'Adenosine Triphosphate', 'Animals', 'Catfishes', 'Cryopreservation', 'Cryoprotective Agents', 'Dimethyl Sulfoxide', 'Freezing', 'Glycerol', 'Male', 'Mitochondria', 'Propylene Glycol', 'Sperm Motility', 'Spermatozoa']
| 10,529,311
|
[['D02.065.064', 'D02.241.081.018.110'], ['D03.633.100.759.646.138.236', 'D13.695.667.138.236', 'D13.695.827.068.236'], ['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.493.080'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.760.160', 'E01.370.225.750.600.760.160', 'E02.792.156', 'E05.200.500.620.760.160', 'E05.200.750.600.760.160', 'E05.760.156'], ['D27.505.696.706.320', 'D27.720.799.180'], ['D02.886.640.150'], ['G01.645.500', 'G01.906.595.272.437', 'G02.734.466'], ['D02.033.800.875.500', 'D09.853.875.500'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.564', 'A11.284.835.626'], ['D02.033.455.706.725'], ['E01.370.225.992.812', 'E05.200.992.812', 'G04.198.750'], ['A05.360.490.890', 'A11.497.760']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Associations between genetic polymorphisms of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and survival of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients treated with 5-fluorouracil-based chemotherapy.
|
PURPOSE: This retrospective cohort study investigated the association between epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) polymorphisms and clinical outcomes in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients treated with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-based chemotherapy.METHODS: We genotyped 3 EGFR polymorphisms including R497K, G-216T, and the (CA)n repeat, among 499 histologically confirmed CRC patients who had received 5-FU-based chemotherapy after surgery between 1995 and 2001. Survival analyses of EGFR polymorphisms were performed by the log rank test and Kaplan-Meier curves. We used the Cox proportional hazard model to evaluate the association between EGFR genotypes and clinical outcomes. Stratification analysis by gender, tumor stage, and subsite were also carried out.RESULTS: CRC patients with the EGFR (CA)n L/L genotype compared to those with the S/S+S/L genotype had a significantly better overall survival (L, ? 20 repeats; S, <20 repeats) (hazard ratio (HR) 0.74; 95 % confidence interval (CI) 0.57-0.95), particularly for patients who were male (HR 0.63; 95 % CI 0.44-0.90), who had stage IV disease (HR 0.70; 95 % CI 0.49-0.99), and who had rectal cancer (HR 0.62; 95 % CI 0.42-0.92). Better survival was prominent among patients with the combined genotypes of EGFR (CA)n L/L, G-216T G/G, and R497K K/K (HR 0.51; 95 % CI 0.30-0.87), compared to those with the most common genotypes of the EGFR (CA)n S allele, G-216T G/G, and R497K R allele.CONCLUSIONS: EGFR polymorphisms can serve as prognostic predictors for CRC patients receiving 5-FU-based chemotherapy.
|
['Adjuvants, Immunologic', 'Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic', 'Biomarkers, Tumor', 'Colorectal Neoplasms', 'Drug Combinations', 'ErbB Receptors', 'Female', 'Fluorouracil', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Levamisole', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasm Grading', 'Neoplasm Staging', 'Polymorphism, Genetic', 'Prognosis', 'Survival Rate']
| 23,800,895
|
[['D27.505.696.477.067'], ['D27.505.519.186.144', 'D27.505.954.248.144', 'D27.888.569.042.030'], ['D23.101.140'], ['C04.588.274.476.411.307', 'C06.301.371.411.307', 'C06.405.249.411.307', 'C06.405.469.158.356', 'C06.405.469.491.307', 'C06.405.469.860.180'], ['D26.310'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.400.009', 'D12.776.543.750.630.009', 'D12.776.543.750.750.400.074'], ['D03.383.742.698.875.404'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D02.886.675.346', 'D03.383.129.308.480', 'D03.383.129.708.346'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.789.612'], ['E01.789.625'], ['G05.365.795'], ['E01.789'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.900', 'N01.224.935.698.826', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.900', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.900']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
[Implementation and evaluation by a population-based RFLP analysis in an urban area, Shinjuku city, Tokyo--the possibility of application for contact investigations].
|
OBJECTIVES: The objectives were to examine Mycobacterium tuberculosis transmission patterns by RFLP analysis in Shinjuku city, and to elucidate more effective methods of contact investigations.METHODS: We applied RFLP analysis to 389 M. tuberculosis isolates from 402 TB patients registered in Shinjuku city from September 2002 though August 2006.RESULTS: Forty-six clusters consisting of 155 TB patients (average 3.4 people per cluster) were identified (proportion of clustering: 39.8%). The clustering rates were 34.5% among general patients, and 57.8% among homeless patients, and the latter was higher than that of non-homeless patients (odds ratio: 2.6, 95% CI; 1.6-4.1, p < 0.001). On the other hand, the clustering rates were only 19.4% among foreigners (odds ratio: 0.5, 95% CI; 0.2-1.2, p = 0.090). Twenty-eight of 46 clusters (60.9%) were consisted of mixture of general patients, homeless patients and foreigner patients. Thus, RFLP analysis can detect the transmission route which can not be identified by the routine contact examination, thus enabling contact investigations extended to the appropriate persons.DISCUSSION: The homeless clustering rate was significantly high. This suggests that the proportion of transmission among the homeless patients might be high. However, many clusters were composed of a mixture of homeless patients and non-homeless patients, so transmission patterns are not easy to identify. It is not always true that transmission of tuberculosis to non-homeless patients took place from homeless patients. Clustering rates among homeless patients are high, therefore taking countermeasures for the homeless patients is an effective way to prevent the spread of tuberculosis. Introduction of RFLP analysis is a practical epidemiological methodology to investigate the source of infection and transmission route of infection, and can be applied to contact investigations. If RFLP analysis can be applied in a larger area, yearly changes of notification rates and molecular epidemiological clustering rates will provide indices for preventive measures against tuberculosis.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Cluster Analysis', 'Contact Tracing', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Mycobacterium tuberculosis', 'Odds Ratio', 'Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length', 'Tokyo', 'Transients and Migrants', 'Tuberculosis', 'Urban Population']
| 18,516,901
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['E05.318.740.250', 'N05.715.360.750.200', 'N06.850.520.830.250'], ['E05.318.270', 'N06.850.520.270', 'N06.850.780.200.225'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['B03.510.024.962.500.702', 'B03.510.460.400.410.552.552.702'], ['E05.318.740.600.600', 'G17.680.500', 'N05.715.360.750.625.590', 'N06.850.520.830.600.600'], ['G05.365.795.595'], ['Z01.252.474.463.709', 'Z01.433.900'], ['M01.920'], ['C01.150.252.410.040.552.846'], ['N01.600.900']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Inhibitory effect of diazepam on the activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in female rats.
|
The acute intraperitoneal administration of anxiolytic diazepam (2 mg/kg) inhibits the activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, i.e., it decreases the concentration of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and corticosterone in female rats. This fall of ACTH and corticosterone levels was reversed by an antagonist of central benzodiazepine receptors-flumazenil. The antagonist of peripheral benzodiazepine receptors-PK 11195, failed to affect diazepam-induced decrement of plasma ACTH and corticosterone levels. The suppressed HPA function obtained after diazepam administration was also antagonized by bicuculline, an antagonist of GABA recognition sites, and by picrotoxin, a drug that blocks the GABA-A receptor associated chloride channel. These results suggest that central benzodiazepine receptors, the part of GABA-A macromolecular complex, are involved in diazepam-induced inhibition of the activity of the HPA axis.
|
['Adrenocorticotropic Hormone', 'Animals', 'Bicuculline', 'Corticosterone', 'Depression, Chemical', 'Diazepam', 'Female', 'Flumazenil', 'GABA-A Receptor Antagonists', 'Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System', 'Isoquinolines', 'Picrotoxin', 'Pituitary-Adrenal System', 'Rats', 'Receptors, GABA-A']
| 8,396,396
|
[['D06.472.699.327.935.531.500', 'D06.472.699.631.525.600.531.500', 'D12.644.400.400.935.531.500', 'D12.644.548.365.935.531.500', 'D12.644.548.691.525.690.531.500', 'D12.776.631.650.405.935.531.500'], ['B01.050'], ['D03.132.098.077', 'D03.633.100.531.085.077'], ['D04.210.500.745.745.654.237', 'D06.472.040.585.353.237'], ['G07.690.773.750'], ['D03.633.100.079.080.070.216'], ['D03.633.100.079.080.070.305'], ['D27.505.519.625.240.300.500', 'D27.505.696.577.240.300.500'], ['A06.688.357', 'A08.186.211.180.497.352.435', 'A08.186.211.200.317.357.352.435', 'A08.713.357'], ['D03.633.100.531'], ['D02.455.426.392.368.367.800', 'D02.540.552'], ['A06.300.691'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['D12.776.157.530.400.175.562', 'D12.776.157.530.400.400.100.100', 'D12.776.543.550.450.175.562', 'D12.776.543.550.450.500.100.100', 'D12.776.543.585.400.175.562', 'D12.776.543.585.400.500.100.100', 'D12.776.543.750.130.500', 'D12.776.543.750.720.200.300.300']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
N-Linked glycans of proteins from mitral valves of normal pigs and pigs affected by endocardiosis.
|
Endocardiosis, a degenerative and dystrophic process affecting cardiac valves and described in many mammalian species, is characterized by the accumulation of glycosaminoglycans, in particular hyaluronic acid, in the extracellular matrix. The glycoprotein patterns of pig mitral valves in normal animals and animals affected by endocardiosis were investigated. A different N-linked glycosylation pattern of glycoproteins was detected in affected valves compared with normal ones. In either normal or pathological species, the detected N-linked glycans were of the complex type. However, in samples from affected valves, sialic acid showed a prevalence of the alpha2,6 linkage to the galactosyl residue, whereas in normal samples the most frequent linkage was of the alpha2,3 type. In normal valves, the majority of complex oligosaccharides presented two outer branches with different degrees of fucosylation and sialylation, whereas in pathological samples we noted an increased number of glycans having up to four outer branches.
|
['Animals', 'Carbohydrate Sequence', 'Endocarditis', 'Mitral Valve', 'Polysaccharides', 'Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization', 'Swine']
| 10,691,966
|
[['B01.050'], ['G02.111.570.160', 'L01.453.245.667.160'], ['C14.280.282'], ['A07.541.510.507'], ['D09.698'], ['E05.196.566.755'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.880']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Retinal ganglion cells in the South American opossum (Didelphis aurita).
|
By using the Golgi technique, the authors investigated the morphology of ganglion cells in the retinas of South American opossums. In flat-mount preparations of the retinas, cell bodies, entire dendritic fields, and the stratification level of ganglion cells were studied. Fractal dimensions of dendritic trees, an objective quantitative measure of morphological complexity, were included as a morphological parameter of classification. Based on these characteristics, nineteen types of ganglion cells were described. A great number of opossum ganglion cell types had dendrites stratifying in both sublaminae of the inner plexiform layer (IPL) in five different ways (S1-S3 [G9], S1-S4 [G17 and G22], S2/S3 [G19], S2-S4 [G15, G16, G21 and G221, and S2-S5 [G61), and only two types (G8, and G10) showed narrow field dendritic trees ramifying in S4 only. Morphological types of opossum ganglion cells were compared to their counterparts in cat retina. The distribution pattern of large cell bodies on the ganglion cell layer was analyzed employing the Nissl staining method, immunocytochemistry for neurofilaments, and the reduced silver neurofibrillar staining method. The results showed a random pattern of distribution.
|
['Animals', 'Cats', 'Dendrites', 'Fractals', 'Golgi Apparatus', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Opossums', 'Retinal Ganglion Cells']
| 10,701,444
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.377.750.250.125'], ['A08.675.256', 'A11.284.180.225', 'A11.671.240'], ['E05.599.125', 'G17.290'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.336'], ['E05.481'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.573.575'], ['A08.675.650.850.875', 'A09.371.729.831.875', 'A11.671.650.850.875']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) is overexpressed in breast cancer metastases.
|
EpCAM (CD326) has diverse roles in cell adhesion and proliferation, and is known to be overexpressed in primary breast carcinomas (PBCs). While clinical and preclinical data suggest a role for EpCAM in metastases, the only prior study of EpCAM expression in breast cancer metastases suggested that EpCAM expression is decreased after first-line chemotherapy. This study evaluates EpCAM expression in metastatic breast carcinoma (MBC) versus matched PBC . Rapid autopsies were performed on 17 patients with widely metastatic breast cancer. Single patient tissue microarrays (TMAs) were constructed from archived PBC and post-mortem MBCs. In total, 169 spots from 17 PBCs and 895 spots from 195 MBCs were labeled for EpCAM by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Expression was scored as intensity (1-3) multiplied by percent membrane labeling (0-100%) and was subclassified as low (0-100), moderate (101-200), or high (201-300) labeling. PBCs exhibited exclusively low-moderate EpCAM labeling. EpCAM labeling was present in all metastases and was significantly increased in MBCs of 14 of 17 patients (P value range <0.05 to <0.0001, t test). In the remaining three patients, EpCAM labeling was nonsignificantly increased in 1 and unchanged in 2. High EpCAM labeling was verified using a different antibody for IHC, as well as in a separate series of surgically resected metastases compared to unmatched surgically resected primary breast cancers. In conclusion, EpCAM is highly expressed in MBCs compared to matched PBCs, verifying that it is a promising therapeutic target.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Antigens, Neoplasm', 'Autopsy', 'Biomarkers, Tumor', 'Breast Neoplasms', 'Carcinoma', 'Cell Adhesion Molecules', 'Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasm Staging', 'Prognosis', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Time Factors', 'Tissue Array Analysis', 'Up-Regulation']
| 20,012,351
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D23.050.285'], ['E01.370.060', 'E05.070', 'I01.198.780.937.120'], ['D23.101.140'], ['C04.588.180', 'C17.800.090.500'], ['C04.557.470.200'], ['D12.776.395.550.200', 'D12.776.543.550.200', 'D23.050.301.350'], ['D12.776.395.550.200.263', 'D12.776.543.550.200.263', 'D23.050.285.357', 'D23.050.301.350.263'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.789.625'], ['E01.789'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['E05.393.620.500.725'], ['G01.910.857'], ['E05.588.570.850'], ['G02.111.905', 'G05.308.850', 'G07.690.773.998']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Discontinuation of oxytocin in the active phase of labor.
|
OBJECTIVE: To show that early discontinuation of oxytocin will not increase the mean duration of the active labor phase in a clinically significant way.DESIGN: Controlled non-inferiority study.SETTING: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Caen, Clemenceau Hospital, France.POPULATION: A total of 138 women with singleton pregnancy and a vertex presentation of over 34 gestational weeks, presenting a medical indication of induction of labor or a dystocia at onset of labor, from May 2005 to June 2006.METHODS: Two parallel groups were compared: continuation of oxytocin until delivery versus discontinuation of oxytocin at the onset of the active phase. The clinically acceptable increase in mean duration of the active phase of labor (non-inferiority margin) was set at 60 minutes.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Primary outcome measure was duration of the active labor phase. Secondary outcome measures included total duration of labor, parameters concerning oxytocin use, rates of uterine hyperstimulation and fetal heart rate (FHR) abnormalities, and mode of delivery. Some neonatal outcomes were also analyzed.RESULTS: Equivalence of the two strategies (continuation vs. discontinuation of oxytocin) was not demonstrated (p=0.97 testing for non-inferiority), the active phase even being significantly longer by a mean of 113 minutes (p=0.0001 testing for superiority). The rates of cesarean sections, alterations of FHR and delivery hemorrhage were higher when oxytocin was continued, but not significantly. There were significantly more infants hospitalized in neonatology when oxytocin was continued (p=0.028).CONCLUSIONS: Discontinuation of oxytocin at the onset of the active phase prolongs labor. We found no argument for discontinuing the infusion of oxytocin at the onset of the active phase.
|
['Adult', 'Delivery, Obstetric', 'Female', 'Heart Rate, Fetal', 'Humans', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Labor, Induced', 'Labor, Obstetric', 'Oxytocics', 'Oxytocin', 'Pregnancy']
| 19,169,930
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E04.520.252'], ['G09.330.380.500.430'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['E04.520.252.968'], ['G08.686.784.769.326'], ['D27.505.696.875.737', 'D27.505.954.705.737'], ['D06.472.699.631.692.433', 'D12.644.548.691.692.433'], ['G08.686.784.769']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
The physico-chemical properties of salmeterol and fluticasone propionate in different solvent environments.
|
The physico-chemical properties of two anti-asthmatic drugs, salmeterol xinafoate and fluticasone propionate, have been studied in both aqueous and non-aqueous solvent environments. Ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy and electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) have been used to characterise the interaction of the drugs in 70:30 (v/v) methanol/water solutions. First derivative UV-Vis spectra measurements indicate that an interaction takes place between the two drugs in a binary solvent system. Fluorescence studies indicate that an increase in the concentration of fluticasone propionate results in a decrease in the fluorescence signal of the salmeterol for mixed solutions of the drugs. Analysis of a mixture of the two drug solutions using mass spectrometry also shows evidence of salmeterol-fluticasone propionate interaction and dimer formation with respect to both the salmeterol and the fluticasone propionate. Model metered dose inhalers (MDI) of both individual samples and mixtures of the drugs were formulated as suspensions in solvent CFC-113. The extent of deposition onto different inhaler components, such as the aluminium alloy canister, Teflon coated canister and the metering valve was evaluated by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) of the methanol/water washings of the deposited drug(s). Changing the nature of the surface properties of the container resulted in a significant difference in the extent of deposition. The deposition of the individual drugs was found to increase as the dispersion concentration of the drug increases. However, the formulation based on a combination of the two drugs was found to show different deposition behaviour compared to the individual drug formulations. The deposition of the drugs, onto the aluminium alloy canister and the metering valve, decreases as the combined dispersion concentration of the two drug increases.
|
['Albuterol', 'Androstadienes', 'Chlorofluorocarbons, Ethane', 'Chlorofluorocarbons, Methane', 'Fluticasone', 'Mass Spectrometry', 'Methanol', 'Reference Standards', 'Salmeterol Xinafoate', 'Solvents', 'Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet', 'Water']
| 10,867,258
|
[['D02.033.100.291.057', 'D02.092.063.291.057', 'D02.092.471.683.061'], ['D04.210.500.054.079.129'], ['D02.455.526.439.220.224', 'D02.455.526.510.140.224'], ['D02.455.526.439.220.300', 'D02.455.526.510.140.300'], ['D04.210.500.054.079.129.114'], ['E05.196.566'], ['D02.033.623'], ['E05.978.808'], ['D02.033.100.291.057.750', 'D02.092.063.291.057.750', 'D02.092.471.683.061.750'], ['D27.720.844'], ['E05.196.712.726.802', 'E05.196.867.826.802'], ['D01.045.250.875', 'D01.248.497.158.459.650', 'D01.650.550.925']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Centrosome isolation from cultured bladder cancer cells--p53 mutation and centrosome hyperamplification].
|
Centrosome hyperamplification occurs frequently in human cancers, and is the major contributing factor for chromosomal instability and aneuploidy. We examined centrosome hyperamplification in bladder cancer cell lines. Samples were incubated with antibodies to the centrosome protein gamma-tubulin. The cell line (RT-4), which has a wild-type p53 status, showed a well-regulated centrosome replication cycle. On the other hand, centrosome hyperamplification was observed in HT-1197 and HT-13r cancer cells by discontinuous sucrose gradient fractionation. We used sucrose gradient fractions enriched for centrosomes by the immunoblot analysis for the presence of gamma-tubulin, a major component of centrosomes. The fractions were then immunoblotted with anti-nucleophosmin/B23 (NPM) antibody. NPM is a primary target of CDK2-cyclin E in the initiation of centrosome duplication. The profile of NPM closely paralleled that of gamma-tubulin, suggesting the association of NPM with the centrosome. Identification of the mechanism underlying the replication of the centrosome should lead to the understanding of the mechanism of chromosomal instability in bladder cancer, and enable us to develop cancer therapeutics targeted to centrosome replication.
|
['Centrosome', 'Cyclin E', 'Gene Amplification', 'Humans', 'Mutation', 'Tumor Cells, Cultured', 'Tumor Suppressor Protein p53', 'Ultracentrifugation', 'Urinary Bladder Neoplasms']
| 12,696,185
|
[['A11.284.430.214.190.750.585.160', 'A11.284.430.214.190.750.820.500.500'], ['D12.644.360.262.180', 'D12.776.167.218.180', 'D12.776.476.262.180'], ['G05.308.250', 'G05.365.590.310', 'G05.558.315'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G05.365.590'], ['A11.251.860'], ['D12.776.157.687.650', 'D12.776.260.820', 'D12.776.624.776.775', 'D12.776.660.720.650', 'D12.776.744.845'], ['E05.181.724', 'E05.196.941'], ['C04.588.945.947.960', 'C12.758.820.968', 'C12.777.829.813', 'C13.351.937.820.945', 'C13.351.968.829.707']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The promise of molecular epidemiology for quantitative risk assessment.
|
In the long run, molecular epidemiological techniques can provide important insights for understanding a wide variety of important issues in current risk assessment and are applicable across a broad spectrum of adverse effects in addition to carcinogenesis. Unfortunately, current risk assessment practices make very little use of the kind of detailed mechanistic information that molecular epidemiology can provide. Eventually, there is reason to hope that the availability of mechanistic insights provided in part by molecular epidemiology can produce some of the "essential tension" required to reform paradigms for the formulation of quantitative risk assessment models in general.
|
['Cell Transformation, Neoplastic', 'Disease Susceptibility', 'Epidemiology', 'Humans', 'Neoplasms', 'Oncogenes', 'Risk']
| 3,615,988
|
[['C04.697.098.500', 'C23.550.727.098.500'], ['C23.550.291.687', 'G07.100.250'], ['H02.403.720.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.375.500'], ['E05.318.740.600.800', 'G17.680.750', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Characterization of synthetic routes to 'Bromo-DragonFLY' and benzodifuranyl isopropylamine homologues utilizing ketone intermediates. Part 1: synthesis of ketone precursors.
|
Bromo-DragonFLY (BDF) and many of its analogues are misused as recreational drugs due to their potency as psychoactive substances. To date, none of the published routes to these designer amphetamines have exploited a ketone intermediate. It is well known that benzyl methyl ketone (BMK) can be employed as a precursor in the synthesis of amphetamine. Similarly, it is reasonable to assume that ketone precursors may potentially be utilized in the clandestine synthesis of BDF and its homologues. This paper describes the multifaceted synthesis of novel precursor ketones structurally related to BDF, namely benzodifuranyl propanone 16, its tetrahydrobenzodifuranyl homologue 8, and their brominated analogues 12 and 20. Their characterization by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1) H-NMR), carbon nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((13) C-NMR), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), gas chromatography (GC) and mass spectrometry (MS) is also described.
|
['Bromobenzoates', 'Chromatography, Gas', 'Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'Illicit Drugs', 'Ketones', 'Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy', 'Mass Spectrometry', 'Propylamines', 'Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared']
| 23,794,359
|
[['D02.241.223.100.150', 'D02.455.426.559.389.127.150'], ['E05.196.181.349'], ['E05.196.181.400.300'], ['D26.878'], ['D02.522'], ['E05.196.867.519'], ['E05.196.566'], ['D02.092.831'], ['E05.196.712.726.676.700', 'E05.196.867.826.676.700']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Effects of breed and harvest age on feed intake, growth, carcass traits, blood metabolites, and lipogenic gene expression in Boer and Kiko goats.
|
The objectives of this experiment were to determine the effects of 2 different breeds (BR), Boer and Kiko, and 4 post-weaning harvest ages (HA; Days 0, 29, 56, and 85) on growth, carcass traits, blood metabolites, and lipogenic gene expression. Forty-eight goat (Capra hircus) kids (BW = 23.9 ± 1.50 kg; 3 to 4 mo) were used in a 2 ? 4 factorial arrangement of treatments. Goats were stratified by BW within BR and randomly assigned to 4 HA. Kids were born between March 15 and April 7 to purebred does, and were represented by at least 3 purebred sires within each BR. They were fed a grain/hay (80:20) diet once per day. At designated HA, randomly pre-assigned goats (n = 6) from each BR were transported to the Meat Science Lab at Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, and were harvested. There were no interactions (P > 0.10) between BR and HA. Boer tended (P = 0.08) to have greater initial BW, final BW (P = 0.05), and G/F ratio (P = 0.05). Although the 80:20 grain/hay diet was reinforced by adjusting DMI, both BR had similar total DMI, Boer kept that ratio, while Kiko consumed more (P = 0.001) hay (70:30, grain/hay) and had more (P = 0.001) DMI when expressed as g/kg BW. Boer tended to have greater transportation shrink (P = 0.07), HCW (P = 0.08), and cold carcass weights (CCW; P = 0.08), with greater (P = 0.001) carcass fat. No differences (P > 0.10) were observed in carcass shrink, dressing percentage, 12th rib fat thickness, and LM area between the 2 BR. When expressed as percentage empty BW, carcass bone was similar (P = 0.25), whereas muscle percentage (P = 0.02) was greater for Kiko and fat percentage was greater (P = 0.001) for Boer. Fat as a percentage of CCW remained relatively similar (P > 0.10) for both BR for the 2nd and 3rd HA. Differences were more evident (P = 0.01) at the 4th HA. Boer reached targeted harvest weight (29 kg) at the 3rd HA, while fat deposition continued (P = 0.01) during the 4th HA. Breed had no effect (P > 0.10) on meat color (L*, a*, b*) but HA affected (P = 0.001) all color values. Boer had similar 3-hydroxyl-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase mRNA abundance, but was greater (P < 0.03) in acetyl CoA carboxylase compared with Kiko. There was no difference (P = 0.52) in total serum fatty acids (FA, mg/mL) between the 2 BR. As animals aged, their total serum FA increased (P < 0.05) and changed to an undesirable profile. Kiko had a greater (P = 0.02) percentage of muscle and less (P = 0.001) fat in the carcass. We concluded that different BR might need different harvest endpoints and feed input according to consumer acceptability.
|
['Aging', 'Animals', 'Body Composition', 'Diet', 'Eating', 'Fatty Acids', 'Female', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Goats', 'Lipid Metabolism', 'Liver', 'Male']
| 22,287,682
|
[['G07.345.124'], ['B01.050'], ['G02.111.130', 'G03.180', 'G07.100.049'], ['G07.203.650.240'], ['G07.203.650.283', 'G10.261.330'], ['D10.251'], ['G05.308'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.513'], ['G03.458'], ['A03.620']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Impacts of thinning on canopy structure and understory light in secondary poplar-birch forests.]
|
The variation of forest canopy structure and understory light caused by natural or human disturbances might account for environmental heterogeneity and species diversity in the understory. These factors play an important role in driving the structure, process and pattern in forest ecosystem. We set up two 0.25 hm2 permanent plots in secondary Betula platyphylla-Populus davidiana forests on the Taoshan Forest Farm, one of which was thinned in 2012 and the other one remained natural. The canopy images of two plots were collected by hemispherical photography technology from 2012 to 2016 and 2018. Analysis of variance and Markov matrix were applied to examine the dynamics of canopy structure, understory light, and canopy closing process after thinning. The results showed that thinning was effective in adjusting canopy structure and understory light availability. Such process lasted for a long time and the adjusting effect decreased over time. After thinning, the change rate of canopy structure and understory light decreased over time. The tree canopy quickly closed during the first three years and then reached a stable state. Understory light availability was positively correlated with canopy openness and negatively correlated with leaf area index. The correlation between understory scattered radiation and canopy structural parameters was the strongest. The correlation between canopy structure and understory light in the thinning plot was stronger than that of the control plot. After thinning, the recovery rate of canopy structure was related to the canopy openness, with larger canopy openness being accompanied with higher recovery rate. Thus, less time was required for the transfer to smaller canopy openness. The Markov matrix model could simulate changes in distributions of canopy structure and could be used to predict the dynamics of the canopy structure.
|
['Betula', 'Ecosystem', 'Forestry', 'Forests', 'Populus', 'Trees']
| 31,257,768
|
[['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.859.750.200.750'], ['G16.500.275.157', 'N06.230.124'], ['J01.576.430'], ['G16.500.275.157.437', 'N06.230.124.343'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.859.797.875.453'], ['B01.650.915']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Disorganisation: a possible cause of apparent conjoint twinning.
|
A patient with duplications of the internal organs and external structures of the lower half of the body might have traditionally been explained by incomplete twinning. The presence of a fifth digit-like structure protruding from the lower abdomen and facial and cranial abnormalities suggested that, instead, he might be an example of the disorganisation mutant. However, the presence of cardiac defects was not readily explained by invoking the presence of this mutation.
|
['Abdomen', 'Abnormalities, Multiple', 'Face', 'Humans', 'Leg', 'Male', 'Mutation', 'Skull', 'Twins, Conjoined']
| 1,941,969
|
[['A01.923.047'], ['C16.131.077'], ['A01.456.505'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A01.378.610.500'], ['G05.365.590'], ['A02.835.232.781'], ['C16.131.085.806']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Informal field-based learning and work design.
|
U.S. organizations continue to invest most of their learning budgets in formal training and development programs despite estimates that the majority of learning in the workplace happens informally. In this study we focus on informal field-based learning (IFBL), which represents individuals engaging in self-directed, intentional, and field-based development of their knowledge and skills. We build on the informal learning literature to advance a cross-level model of individual and job-level characteristics as influences on IFBL and subsequent changes in job performance. We tested our model using a sample of 378 health care employees who occupied 47 different jobs. The results showed promotion-focused individuals more readily engaged in IFBL, as moderated by job time pressures. Moreover, engaging in IFBL behaviors positively related to performance improvements in jobs that require greater updating and use of relevant information, as well as in jobs with relatively low decision making and problem-solving requirements. Exploratory subdimensional analyses revealed some interesting countervailing relationships between the feedback-seeking and vicarious-learning elements of IFBL. Results are discussed in terms of contingency relationships associated with IFBL behaviors and different job types, as well as theoretical and practical implications. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
|
['Adult', 'Employment', 'Female', 'Health Personnel', 'Humans', 'Learning', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Professional Competence', 'Work Performance']
| 30,896,189
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['N01.824.245'], ['M01.526.485', 'N02.360'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F02.463.425', 'F02.784.629.529'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['I02.399.630'], ['I03.946.675']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
[The UN-Convention on the Rights of People with Disabilities and the transition from school to vocational training and career in Germany: public data sources under close scrutiny].
|
This paper analyzes public data sources and their requirements for the transition from school to vocational training and career of people with disabilities in the context of Article 31 of the UN-Convention on Rights of People with Disabilities. Different focuses of the public data sources within the involved systems and challenges in data analysis will be presented. These manifest themselves as cross-system interface problems when it comes to the identification and whereabouts of young people with disabilities at the transition from school to vocational training and employment. With these challenges public data sources on the transition from school to vocational training and employment are especially under scrutiny when it comes to developing and implementing policies in respect to the Convention on Rights for People with disabilities and the provision of adequate planning data.
|
['Adolescent', 'Databases, Factual', 'Disabled Persons', 'Documentation', 'Electronic Health Records', 'Female', 'Germany', 'Health Transition', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Patient Rights', 'Rehabilitation, Vocational', 'School Health Services', 'United Nations', 'Utilization Review', 'Young Adult']
| 24,217,886
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['L01.313.500.750.300.188.400', 'L01.470.750.750'], ['M01.150'], ['L01.453.245'], ['E05.318.308.940.968.625.500', 'N04.452.859.564.650.125', 'N05.715.360.300.715.500.530.250', 'N06.850.520.308.940.968.625.250'], ['Z01.542.315'], ['I01.240.600.400', 'N01.224.625.400', 'N06.850.505.400.700.400', 'N06.850.650'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['I01.880.604.473.650', 'N03.706.437.650'], ['E02.760.169.063.500.782', 'E02.831.782', 'N02.421.784.644'], ['N02.421.726.809'], ['N03.540.514.718'], ['N04.761.879', 'N05.700.900'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Vitamin D status is not associated with inflammatory cytokine levels during experimental human endotoxaemia.
|
Vitamin D has been shown to modulate innate immune responses in vitro and ex vivo; however, human in-vivo data are lacking. At high latitudes, seasonal vitamin D deficiency is common due to alternating ultraviolet (UV)-B radiation exposure. In the present study, we investigated whether levels of 25 hydroxyvitamin D(3) [25(OH)D(3) ] and its active metabolite 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D(3) [1,25(OH)(2) D(3) ] are subject to seasonal variation and whether plasma levels of these vitamin D metabolites correlate with the in-vivo cytokine response during experimental human endotoxaemia [administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in healthy volunteers]. Plasma levels of 25(OH)D(3) and 1,25(OH)(2) D(3) were determined in samples obtained just prior to administration of an intravenous bolus of 2 ng/kg LPS (derived from Escherichia coli O:113) in 112 healthy male volunteers. In the same subjects, plasma levels of the inflammatory cytokines tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-á, interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-10 were analysed serially after endotoxin administration. Plasma levels of 1,25(OH)(2) D(3) , but not 25(OH)D(3) , were subject to significant seasonal variation, with lower levels in autumn and winter. 25(OH)D(3) and 1,25(OH)(2) D(3) levels did not correlate with plasma cytokine responses. Furthermore, 25(OH)D(3) deficient subjects (< 50 nmol/l) displayed an identical cytokine response compared with sufficient subjects. In conclusion, plasma levels of vitamin D are not correlated with the LPS-induced TNF, IL-6 and IL-10 cytokine response in humans in vivo. These findings question the direct role of vitamin D in modulation of the innate immune response.
|
['Adult', 'Calcifediol', 'Calcitriol', 'Cytokines', 'Endotoxemia', 'Escherichia coli', 'Humans', 'Immunity, Innate', 'Inflammation Mediators', 'Lipopolysaccharides', 'Male', 'Seasons', 'Vitamin D', 'Young Adult']
| 23,286,950
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D04.210.500.247.222.159.478.250', 'D04.210.500.247.808.146.478.250', 'D04.210.500.812.768.196.478.250', 'D10.570.938.146.478.250'], ['D04.210.500.247.222.159.478.387.300', 'D04.210.500.247.808.146.478.387.300', 'D04.210.500.812.768.196.478.387.300', 'D10.570.938.146.478.387.300'], ['D12.644.276.374', 'D12.776.467.374', 'D23.529.374'], ['C01.757.100.275', 'C01.861.375', 'C23.550.470.790.500.100.275'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G12.450.564'], ['D23.469'], ['D09.400.500', 'D09.698.718.450', 'D10.494', 'D23.050.161.616.525', 'D23.946.123.329.500'], ['G01.910.645.661', 'G16.500.275.071.590', 'N06.230.300.100.250.525'], ['D04.210.500.812.768'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Assessment of Intervention by a Palliative Care Team Working in a Japanese General Hospital: A Retrospective Study.
|
Our objective was to explore the effectiveness of a palliative care team (PCT) by investigating potential differences in opioid prescription between patients who had had PCT involvement before admission to an inpatient hospice and those who had not. A total of 221 patients met the criteria; they were divided into an intervention group (n = 140) and a control group (n = 81). The daily dose of opioid before admission to the hospice was significantly higher in the intervention group (P < .001). The difference between the maximum opioid dose and the initial dose, the rate of increase in opioids until death, and the length of stay in the hospice were not significantly different between the groups. A PCT contributes to more appropriate use of opioids before admission to a hospice.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Analgesics, Opioid', 'Drug Utilization Review', 'Female', 'Hospitals, General', 'Humans', 'Inpatients', 'Japan', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Palliative Care', 'Retrospective Studies']
| 24,803,584
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['D27.505.696.277.600.500', 'D27.505.696.663.850.014.760.500', 'D27.505.954.427.040.550.500', 'D27.505.954.427.210.600.500'], ['N04.452.706.477.400', 'N04.761.879.300', 'N05.700.900.300'], ['N02.278.421.389'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.643.470'], ['Z01.252.474.463', 'Z01.639.595'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E02.760.666', 'N02.421.585.666'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Quantitative and comparative assessment of learning in a tongue-operated computer input device--part II: navigation tasks.
|
Tongue drive system (TDS) is a novel tongue-operated assistive technology (AT) for the mobility impaired, to empower them to access computers and drive powered wheelchairs (PWC) using their free voluntary tongue motion. We have evaluated the TDS performance in five sessions over 5-8 weeks to study the learning process in different tasks of computer access and PWC navigation on nine able-bodied subjects who already had tongue piercing and used our magnetic tongue studs throughout the trial. Computer access tasks included on-screen maze navigation and issuing random commands to measure the TDS information transfer rate. PWC navigation included driving through a ~50-m obstacle course using three control strategies. Some of the qualitative aspects of using the TDS were also evaluated based on the two Likert scale questionnaires, one of which was short (eight questions) and asked at the end of each session and the other one (46 questions) at the end of the trial. Included in this study was also a task to measure the tongue fatigue as a result of using the TDS continuously for a few hours. All performance measures showed significant improvement from the first to the second session as well as further gradual improvements throughout the rest of the sessions, suggesting a rapid learning process.
|
['Adult', 'Artificial Intelligence', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Magnets', 'Male', 'Motor Activity', 'Self-Help Devices', 'Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Task Performance and Analysis', 'Tongue', 'Wheelchairs']
| 22,692,932
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['G17.035.250', 'L01.224.050.375'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['J01.637.507'], ['F01.145.632', 'G11.427.410.698'], ['E07.796'], ['L01.224.800'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['F02.784.412.846', 'F02.784.692.746', 'F02.808.600'], ['A03.556.500.885', 'A14.549.885'], ['E07.796.980']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
[Role of surgery in the treatment of primary gastric lymphoma].
|
Primary gastric lymphoma's optimum management remains controversial. We reviewed our series of 23 patients with primary gastric lymphoma treated in our hospital between 1976 and 1998 with surgery as main therapy. Ten patients underwent surgical resection alone, whereas 13 also received postoperative adjuvant therapy, depending on the oncologist-haematologist's recommendations. No differences were found between treatments regarding mortality and morbidity. Clinical-histological features and patients, follow-up are analyzed. No patient died because of lymphoma and there wasn't either local or distant recurrence. We consider that surgery remains a valid option for the primary gastric lymphoma treatment. The introduction of combined modalities of radiation therapy and chemotherapy will depend on the final stage, the tumor histological features, and the feasibility of getting a radical resection.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Lymphoma', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Stomach Neoplasms']
| 11,341,053
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.557.386', 'C15.604.515.569', 'C20.683.515.761'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['C04.588.274.476.767', 'C06.301.371.767', 'C06.405.249.767', 'C06.405.748.789']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Treatment of atypical mycobacterial disease.
|
The most common disease patterns produced by atypical mycobacteria are pulmonary disease, cervical lymphadenitis, and infection of soft tissue, bones, and joints. The treatment of disease due to atypical mycobacteria can be confusing unless one clearly differentiates the organisms according to clinical characteristics and response to various chemotherapeutic agents. For this reason, we have attempted to simplify the task by proposing a new classification system. The organisms that might be isolated from human material are divided into the following three classes: nonpathogens; those that are easy to treat with standard mycobacterial therapy; and finally, those that are difficult to treat with standard mycobacterial therapy and require other approaches. This new system of classification should help the clinician in dealing with these organisms. Because even the pathogens may sometimes appear as a contaminant in human material, including sputum, one must document that these organisms are associated with disease prior to instituting therapy.
|
['Drug Resistance, Microbial', 'Humans', 'Lung Diseases', 'Lymphadenitis', 'Mycobacterium Infections', 'Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous', 'Wound Infection']
| 6,628,016
|
[['G06.225', 'G07.690.773.984.269'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C08.381'], ['C15.604.315'], ['C01.150.252.410.040.552'], ['C01.150.252.410.040.552.475'], ['C01.947']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Effects of systemic and local CXC chemokine administration on the ethanol-induced suppression of pulmonary neutrophil recruitment.
|
BACKGROUND: Acute alcohol intoxication impairs the neutrophil response to intrapulmonary infection, resulting in impaired host defense and increased patient morbidity and mortality. We recently showed that intratracheal (IT) chemokine administration promotes pulmonary neutrophil migration in rats and that this process is enhanced by systemic administration of the Glu-Leu-Arg (ELR+) and CXC chemokine cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant (CINC). Here we hypothesized that exogenous chemokine administration would mitigate the suppressive effect of alcohol on neutrophil recruitment into the lung.METHODS: Macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2), a rat ELR+ CXC chemokine, or live Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) was administered it to induce alveolar neutrophil migration in the absence or presence of acute ethanol intoxication. Depending on the experimental protocol, rats received either intravenous (IV) CINC or IT chemokines (CINC and MIP-2) 20 min after it MIP-2 or K. pneumoniae. Rats were euthanized 90 min or four hr after the first IT injection for sample collection.RESULTS: Neutrophil counts were significantly elevated in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of rats receiving IT MIP-2 compared with vehicle-treated rats, and this response was significantly decreased in animals pretreated with ethanol. CINC IV enhanced the neutrophil response to IT MIP-2 in both the absence and presence of acute ethanol intoxication. In rats challenged with K. pneumoniae, ethanol pretreatment significantly reduced BALF levels of CINC and MIP-2, suppressed alveolar neutrophil recruitment, and decreased whole-lung myeloperoxidase activity. CINC IV did not alter BALF neutrophil counts in the absence or presence of ethanol administration 4 hr after IT K. pneumoniae. Alternatively, IT chemokine instillation partially restored BALF neutrophil recruitment but not whole-lung myeloperoxidase activity in ethanol-treated rats.CONCLUSIONS: Ethanol significantly inhibits the pulmonary inflammatory responses to both MIP-2 and K. pneumoniae. Exogenous chemokine administration may be a useful means to enhance host defenses in the ethanol-intoxicated host, although the results of this study also indicate that ethanol intoxication can impair neutrophil recruitment, independent of its effects on local chemotactic gradients.
|
['Alcoholic Intoxication', 'Animals', 'Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid', 'Chemokine CCL4', 'Chemokine CXCL2', 'Chemokines, CXC', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Ethanol', 'Immune Tolerance', 'Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins', 'Klebsiella Infections', 'Klebsiella pneumoniae', 'Leukocyte Count', 'Lung', 'Macrophage Inflammatory Proteins', 'Male', 'Neutrophil Infiltration', 'Peroxidase', 'Pneumonia, Bacterial', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Recombinant Proteins']
| 16,046,875
|
[['C25.775.100.175', 'F03.900.100.300'], ['B01.050'], ['E05.927.100.500'], ['D12.644.276.374.200.110.200', 'D12.644.276.374.200.600.200', 'D12.776.467.374.200.110.200', 'D12.776.467.374.200.600.200', 'D23.125.300.110.200', 'D23.125.300.600.750', 'D23.469.200.110.200', 'D23.529.374.200.110.200', 'D23.529.374.200.600.200'], ['D12.644.276.374.200.120.100', 'D12.644.276.374.200.600.940', 'D12.776.467.374.200.120.100', 'D12.776.467.374.200.600.940', 'D23.125.300.120.100', 'D23.125.300.600.940', 'D23.469.200.120.100', 'D23.469.200.600.940', 'D23.529.374.200.120.100', 'D23.529.374.200.600.940'], ['D12.644.276.374.200.120', 'D12.776.467.374.200.120', 'D23.125.300.120', 'D23.469.200.120', 'D23.529.374.200.120'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['D02.033.375'], ['G12.535.425'], ['D12.644.276', 'D12.776.467', 'D23.529'], ['C01.150.252.400.310.503'], ['B03.440.450.425.425.600', 'B03.660.250.150.400.590'], ['E01.370.225.500.195.107.595', 'E01.370.225.625.107.595', 'E05.200.500.195.107.595', 'E05.200.625.107.595', 'E05.242.195.107.595', 'G04.140.107.595', 'G09.188.105.595'], ['A04.411'], ['D12.644.276.374.200.600', 'D12.776.467.374.200.600', 'D23.125.300.600', 'D23.469.200.600', 'D23.529.374.200.600'], ['G12.632'], ['D08.811.682.732.700'], ['C01.150.252.620', 'C01.748.610.540', 'C08.381.677.540', 'C08.730.610.540'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['D12.776.828']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Synthesis, characterization, and biocompatibility of a novel biomimetic material based on MGF-Ct24E modified poly(D, L-lactic acid).
|
Mechano-growth factor (MGF) is an alternative splicing variant of Insulin-like growth factor I. MGF and its 24 amino acid peptide analog corresponding to the unique C-terminal E-domain (MGF-Ct24E) are the positive regulator for tissue regenesis in bone. A novel biomimetic poly(D, L-lactic acid) (PDLLA) modification was designed and synthesized based on MGF-Ct24E grafted maleic anhydride modified PDLLA (MPLA). MGF-Ct24Es were grafted into the side chain of MPLA via a stable covalent amide bond using 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethyllaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride and N-hydroxysuccinimide as the condensing agent to produce biomimetic MPLA materials (MGF-Ct24E-MPLA). Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, amino acid analyzer, and elementary analysis were used to characterize the MGF-Ct24E-MPLA. The hydrophilicity of MGF-Ct24E-MPLA was evaluated by means of the water-uptake ratios and static water contact angle. Data revealed that the grafting efficiency of MGF-Ct24E was about 29.9%. MGF-Ct24E-MPLA had better hydrophilicity than PDLLA and MPLA. The osteoblasts behavior of proliferation, differentiation, and mineralization on PDLLA, MPLA, and MGF-Ct24E-MPLA films was investigated and the results indicated that the introduction of MGF-Ct24E could improve osteoblasts proliferation, mineralization, and delay differentiation. The MGF-Ct24E modified MPLA with higher bioactivity may have potential application for bone tissue engineering.
|
['Alkaline Phosphatase', 'Animals', 'Biocompatible Materials', 'Biomimetic Materials', 'Calcium', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Collagen', 'Insulin-Like Growth Factor I', 'Lactic Acid', 'Maleic Anhydrides', 'Materials Testing', 'Osteoblasts', 'Peptides', 'Polyesters', 'Polymers', 'Protein Structure, Tertiary', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Skull', 'Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared', 'Water']
| 22,941,771
|
[['D08.811.277.352.650.035'], ['B01.050'], ['D25.130', 'D27.720.102.130', 'J01.637.051.130'], ['J01.637.087'], ['D01.268.552.100', 'D01.552.539.288', 'D23.119.100'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['D05.750.078.280', 'D12.776.860.300.250'], ['D12.644.276.937.400', 'D12.776.124.862.400', 'D12.776.467.937.400', 'D23.529.937.400'], ['D02.241.511.459.450'], ['D02.113.450', 'D03.383.312.520'], ['E05.570'], ['A11.329.629'], ['D12.644'], ['D05.750.728', 'D25.720.728', 'J01.637.051.720.728'], ['D05.750', 'D25.720', 'J01.637.051.720'], ['G02.111.570.820.709.610'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['A02.835.232.781'], ['E05.196.712.726.676.700', 'E05.196.867.826.676.700'], ['D01.045.250.875', 'D01.248.497.158.459.650', 'D01.650.550.925']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
cAMP-independent effects of cholera toxin on B cell activation. III. Cholera toxin A subunit-mediated ADP-ribosylation acts synergistically with ionomycin or IL-4 to induce B cell proliferation.
|
To investigate whether ADP-ribosylation of proteins by cholera toxin could influence B cell activation, B cells were incubated with the A subunit of cholera toxin. Ionomycin acted synergistically to induce B cell proliferation with the A subunit of cholera toxin but not with cAMP-enhancing agents or with the B subunit of cholera toxin, suggesting that the synergistic effect of the A subunit was mediated via ADP-ribosylation and not via cAMP elevations or ganglioside GM1 binding. Indeed, inhibitors of ADP-ribosylation blocked the synergistic effect. Unlike anti-Ig, B cell proliferation stimulated by LPS or by the combination of the A subunit and ionomycin was observed in protein kinase C (PKC)-depleted B cells. However, neither the A subunit nor ionomycin enhanced B cell proliferation stimulated by low dose LPS, suggesting that the A subunit plus ionomycin stimulated an activation pathway distinct from the LPS-stimulated pathway. Additionally, unlike LPS, the A subunit plus ionomycin did not stimulate B cells in vitro to secrete Ig. IL-4 acted synergistically with the A subunit to induce B cell proliferation to the same extent as it did with anti-Ig; unlike the anti-Ig plus IL-4 synergy, however, the A subunit plus IL-4-mediated synergy persisted in PKC-depleted B cells. Taken together, our data suggest that cholera toxin A subunit-catalyzed ADP-ribosylation modifies a non-Gs protein involved in the activation of B cells, either through a novel pathway or at a point distal to the activation of PKC along the anti-Ig-stimulated pathway.
|
['Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose', 'Animals', 'B-Lymphocytes', 'Calcimycin', 'Cholera Toxin', 'Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'Cyclic AMP', 'Drug Synergism', 'Female', 'Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes', 'Interleukin-4', 'Ionomycin', 'Lymphocyte Activation', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred CBA', 'Mice, Inbred DBA', 'Signal Transduction', 'X Chromosome']
| 7,730,606
|
[['D03.633.100.759.646.138.124.070.125', 'D09.408.620.569.070.125', 'D13.695.667.138.124.070.125', 'D13.695.827.068.124.070.125', 'D13.695.827.708.070.125'], ['B01.050'], ['A11.063.438', 'A11.118.637.555.567.562', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.562', 'A15.382.032.438', 'A15.382.490.555.567.562'], ['D03.633.100.221.173'], ['D08.811.913.400.725.115.180', 'D23.946.123.194', 'D23.946.330.150'], ['E05.196.181.400.300'], ['D03.633.100.759.646.138.395', 'D13.695.462.200', 'D13.695.667.138.395', 'D13.695.827.068.395'], ['G07.690.773.968.477'], ['C20.673'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.186', 'D12.776.467.374.465.178', 'D23.529.374.465.186'], ['D10.251.355.391'], ['E01.370.225.812.482', 'E05.200.812.482', 'E05.478.594.530', 'G12.450.050.400.545', 'G12.565'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.440', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.440'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.500'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['A11.284.187.865.982', 'G05.360.162.865.982']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Role of brain nicotinic acetylcholine receptor in centrally administered corticotropin-releasing factor-induced elevation of plasma corticosterone in rats.
|
The present study was undertaken to clarify the central mechanisms involved in the intracerebroventricularly administered corticotropin-releasing factor-induced elevation of plasma corticosterone in urethane- and alpha-chloralose-anesthetized rats using microdialysis and immunohistochemical techniques. When corticotropin-releasing factor was given at 0.5, 1.5, and 3.0 nmol/animal intracerebroventricularly, it dose-dependently increased noradrenaline release but not adrenaline release in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus. The 1.5 nmol/animal dose of corticotropin-releasing factor-induced noradrenaline release was attenuated by CP-154,526 (butyl-ethyl-{2,5-dimethyl-7-(2,4,6 trimethylphenyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl}amine), a selective corticotropin-releasing factor receptor 1 antagonist, at 1.3 micromol/animal, intracerebroventricularly, and was also abolished by phentolamine at 0.66 micromol/animal, intracerebroventricularly. In addition, the corticotropin-releasing factor-induced elevation of noradrenaline release in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus and plasma corticosterone were abolished by hexamethonium, a non-selective nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist, at 1.8 micromol/animal, intracerebroventricularly, and alpha-conotoxin MII, a potent alpha(3)beta(2) nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist, at 30 nmol/animal, i.c.v. Corticotropin-releasing factor at 1.5 nmol/animal, i.c.v. evoked a significant expression of Fos, an immediate-early transcription factor in neurons, on the dopamine-beta-hydroxylase-containing neurons and alpha(3) nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit-expressing neurons in the locus coeruleus, but not in the medullary A(1) and A(2) regions containing noradrenergic neurons. These results suggest that centrally administered corticotrophin-releasing factor elevates plasma corticosterone by the corticotropin-releasing factor 1 receptor and alpha(3) subunit-containing nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (probably alpha(3)beta(2) nicotinic acetylcholine receptor) mediated activation of the locus coeruleus noradrenergic neurons projecting to the paraventricular nucleus in rats.
|
['Adrenal Cortex', 'Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists', 'Animals', 'Brain Chemistry', 'Conotoxins', 'Corticosterone', 'Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone', 'Dopamine beta-Hydroxylase', 'Ganglionic Blockers', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Genes, fos', 'Hexamethonium Compounds', 'Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Injections, Intraventricular', 'Locus Coeruleus', 'Male', 'Microdialysis', 'Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus', 'Phentolamine', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Receptors, Nicotinic']
| 18,423,439
|
[['A06.300.071.140'], ['D27.505.519.625.050.200.100', 'D27.505.696.577.050.200.100'], ['B01.050'], ['G02.111.150', 'G03.185'], ['D20.888.590.162', 'D23.946.580.590.162', 'D23.946.833.590.162'], ['D04.210.500.745.745.654.237', 'D06.472.040.585.353.237'], ['D06.472.699.327.740.140', 'D12.644.400.400.740.140', 'D12.644.548.365.740.140', 'D12.776.631.650.405.740.140'], ['D08.811.682.690.708.292'], ['D27.505.696.663.050.340'], ['G05.308'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.375.500.791.330'], ['D02.092.877.250.592', 'D02.675.276.558.592'], ['A06.688.357', 'A08.186.211.180.497.352.435', 'A08.186.211.200.317.357.352.435', 'A08.713.357'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['E02.319.267.530.550'], ['A08.186.211.132.659.473', 'A08.186.211.132.810.428.600.650.437'], ['E05.196.353.500'], ['A08.186.211.180.497.342.400', 'A08.186.211.200.317.357.342.400'], ['D03.383.129.308.754'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900'], ['D12.776.157.530.400.400.100.500', 'D12.776.543.550.450.500.100.500', 'D12.776.543.585.400.500.100.500', 'D12.776.543.750.130.687', 'D12.776.543.750.720.360.550']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Framework for Canadian telehealth guidelines: summary of the environmental scan.
|
A Canadian project (the National Initiative for Telehealth Guidelines) was established to develop telehealth guidelines that would be used by health professionals, by telehealth providers as benchmarks for standards of service and by accrediting agencies for accreditation criteria. An environmental scan was conducted, which focused on organizational, human resource, clinical and technological issues. A literature review, a stakeholder survey (245 mail-outs, 84 complete responses) and 48 key informant interviews were conducted. A framework of guidelines was developed and published as a preliminary step towards pan-Canadian policies. Interim recommendations were that organizations and jurisdictions might consider formal agreements to specify: (1) organizational interoperability; (2) technical interoperability; (3) personnel requirements; (4) quality and continuity-of-care responsibilities; (5) telehealth services; (6) remuneration; and (7) quality assurance processes. An additional recommendation was that flexible mechanisms were needed to ensure that accreditation criteria will be realistic and achievable in the context of rapid changes in technology, service integration and delivery, as well as in the context of operating telehealth services in remote or underserved areas.
|
['Canada', 'Delivery of Health Care', 'Humans', 'Practice Guidelines as Topic', 'Quality Assurance, Health Care', 'Telemedicine']
| 16,539,751
|
[['Z01.107.567.176'], ['N04.590.374', 'N05.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N04.761.700.350.650', 'N05.700.350.650'], ['N04.761.700', 'N05.700'], ['H02.403.840', 'L01.178.847.652', 'N04.590.374.800']]
|
['Geographicals [Z]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Interferon-ã and interleukin-4 detected in serum and saliva from patients with oral lichen planus.
|
Our previous salivary study had demonstrated an apparent T helper 2 (Th2)-predominance in saliva of oral lichen planus (OLP) patients and suggested a potential of salivary interleukin-4 (IL-4) as a biomarker for monitoring disease severity. To further determine the consistency of Th1/Th2 bias of OLP, this study investigated the expression profile of interferon-ã (IFN-ã) and IL-4 in serum and the relationship of the serum levels of these cytokines with their saliva partners. Sixty ethnic Chinese patients with OLP (40 of the erythematous/ulcerative form and 20 of the reticular form) were recruited for this study, with 40 age-sex-matched healthy volunteers as control group. IFN-ã and IL-4 levels in serum and paired saliva samples were screened by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. OLP patient showed a low-level IFN-ã but high-level IL-4 expression profile in both serum and saliva, with a lower IFN-ã/IL-4 ratio. Serum IL-4 level in the erythematous/ulcerative group was significantly higher than that in the reticular group. Serum levels of IFN-ã and IL-4 were significantly and positively correlated with their saliva partners. These results provided more evidence for Th2 cytokine-predominant immune imbalance in OLP, as well as the potential of IL-4 as the biomarker for monitoring severity of OLP.
|
['Adult', 'Biomarkers', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Interferon-gamma', 'Interleukin-4', 'Lichen Planus, Oral', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Saliva', 'Th1 Cells', 'Th2 Cells']
| 24,158,143
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D23.101'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.644.276.374.440.893', 'D12.644.276.374.480.615.350', 'D12.776.467.374.440.893', 'D12.776.467.374.480.615.350', 'D23.529.374.440.893', 'D23.529.374.480.615.350'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.186', 'D12.776.467.374.465.178', 'D23.529.374.465.186'], ['C07.465.397', 'C17.800.859.475.560.397'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['A12.200.666'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.550.500.400.900', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.200.400.900', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.500.400.900', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.550.500.400.500', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.200.400.500', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.500.400.500', 'A15.382.490.555.567.550.500.400.900', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.200.400.900', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.500.400.900'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.550.500.400.905', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.200.400.905', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.500.400.905', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.550.500.400.750', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.200.400.750', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.500.400.750', 'A15.382.490.555.567.550.500.400.905', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.200.400.905', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.500.400.905']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Effects of palmitoylation of Cys(415) in helix 8 of the CB(1) cannabinoid receptor on membrane localization and signalling.
|
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The CB(1) cannabinoid receptor is regulated by its association with membrane microdomains such as lipid rafts. Here, we investigated the role of palmitoylation of the CB(1) receptor by analysing the functional consequences of site-specific mutation of Cys(415) , the likely site of palmitoylation at the end of helix 8, in terms of membrane association, raft targeting and signalling.EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: The palmitoylation state of CB(1) receptors in rat forebrain was assessed by depalmitoylation/repalmitoylation experiments. Cys(415) was replaced with alanine by site-directed mutagenesis. Green fluorescence protein chimeras of both wild-type and mutant receptors were transiently expressed and functionally characterized in SH-SY5Y cells and HEK-293 cells by means of confocal microscopy, cytofluorimetry and competitive binding assays. Confocal fluorescence recovery after photobleaching was used to assess receptor membrane dynamics, whereas signalling activity was assessed by [(35) S]GTPãS, cAMP and co-immunoprecipitation assays.KEY RESULTS: Endogenous CB(1) receptors in rat brain were palmitoylated. Mutation of Cys(415) prevented the palmitoylation of the receptor in transfected cells and reduced its recruitment to plasma membrane and lipid rafts; it also increased protein diffusional mobility. The same mutation markedly reduced the functional coupling of CB(1) receptors with G-proteins and adenylyl cyclase, whereas depalmitoylation abolished receptor association with a specific subset of G-proteins.CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: CB(1) receptors were post-translationally modified by palmitoylation. Mutation of Cys(415) provides a receptor that is functionally impaired in terms of membrane targeting and signalling.LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed section on Cannabinoids in Biology and Medicine. To view the other articles in this section visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2012.165.issue-8. To view Part I of Cannabinoids in Biology and Medicine visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2011.163.issue-7.
|
['Animals', 'Cell Line', 'Cell Membrane', 'Cysteine', 'Green Fluorescent Proteins', 'HEK293 Cells', 'Humans', 'Lipoylation', 'Mutation', 'Prosencephalon', 'Rats', 'Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1', 'Signal Transduction']
| 21,895,628
|
[['B01.050'], ['A11.251.210'], ['A11.284.149'], ['D02.886.030.230', 'D02.886.489.155', 'D12.125.154.299', 'D12.125.166.230'], ['D12.776.532.265'], ['A11.251.210.172.750', 'A11.436.334'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G02.111.540', 'G03.458.875'], ['G05.365.590'], ['A08.186.211.200'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.125.100'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Reconstruction instead of resection: laminotomy and laminoplasty].
|
Spinal instability and deformity have to be kept in mind when performing laminectomies. The procedure described (laminotomy) results in a stable bony reconstruction of the spinal canal, which in addition may be enlarged (laminoplasty): Laminotomy is performed by means of an oscillating saw just medial of the pedicles, preserving the yellow and interspinous ligaments. The laminotomy specimen is removed en bloc. It can be refixed by means of vitallium plates, bridging the corresponding laminae and pedicles.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Astrocytoma', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Hemangioma', 'Hemangiosarcoma', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Laminectomy', 'Male', 'Meningeal Neoplasms', 'Meningioma', 'Middle Aged', 'Polyradiculopathy', 'Spina Bifida Occulta', 'Spinal Cord Neoplasms']
| 2,293,046
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C04.557.465.625.600.380.080', 'C04.557.470.670.380.080', 'C04.557.580.625.600.380.080'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['C04.557.645.375'], ['C04.557.450.795.390', 'C04.557.645.390'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['E02.718.563', 'E04.188.400', 'E04.525.450', 'E04.555.350'], ['C04.588.614.250.580', 'C10.551.240.500'], ['C04.557.580.520', 'C04.557.645.520', 'C04.588.614.250.580.500', 'C10.551.240.500.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C10.668.829.800.750.700'], ['C10.500.680.800.750', 'C16.131.666.680.800.750'], ['C04.588.614.250.803', 'C10.228.854.765', 'C10.551.240.750']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Influence of salt, smoke, and high pressure on growth of Listeria monocytogenes and spoilage microflora in cold-smoked dolphinfish (Coryphaena hippurus).
|
The effects of different salting and smoking conditions on the growth of Listeria monocytogenes in cold-smoked dolphinfish (Coryphaena hippurus) fillets were evaluated. High concentrations of phenol (72.47 ppm) and salt (3.25%) in muscle inhibited L. monocytogenes growth in smoked fish stored at 20 degrees C for 4 days. The antibacterial effect of high pressure in cold-smoked dolphinfish during long-term chilled (5 degrees C) storage was evaluated in fillets prepared according to two different sets of salting and smoking conditions. Combining the milder salting and smoking conditions (1.97% salt and 42 ppm phenol) with a high pressure treatment of 300 MPa at 20 degrees C for 15 min sufficed to exert a bacteriostatic effect on the total viable bacteria, total lactic acid bacteria, and L. monocytogenes. However, in fillets prepared using the more severe salting and smoking conditions (2.93% salt and 82 ppm phenol), pressurization kept L. monocytogenes counts under the detection limit throughout 100 days of storage. A similar effect was obtained by dosing the fillets with nisin. No luminescent bacteria, hydrogen sulfide-producing bacteria, or Enterobacteriaceae were found in any of the fillets produced using either of the two sets of processing conditions.
|
['Animals', 'Cold Temperature', 'Colony Count, Microbial', 'Consumer Product Safety', 'Food Handling', 'Food Preservation', 'Food Preservatives', 'Humans', 'Hydrostatic Pressure', 'Listeria monocytogenes', 'Nisin', 'Perciformes', 'Phenol', 'Salts', 'Seafood', 'Smoke', 'Temperature', 'Time Factors']
| 17,340,875
|
[['B01.050'], ['G01.906.595.272', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710.300', 'G16.500.750.775.710.300', 'N06.230.300.100.725.154', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710.300'], ['E01.370.225.875.220', 'E05.200.875.220'], ['N06.850.210'], ['J01.576.423.200'], ['J01.576.423.850.700'], ['D27.720.372.300.385', 'G07.203.300.514.500.700', 'J02.500.514.500.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G01.374.715.352'], ['B03.353.500.500.500', 'B03.510.100.500.500', 'B03.510.460.400.410.485.500'], ['D04.345.566.582', 'D12.644.641.582', 'D12.776.097.151.700', 'D12.776.543.695.110.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.493.602'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.657.595'], ['D01.786'], ['G07.203.300.600.875', 'J02.500.600.875'], ['D20.633.937'], ['G01.906.595', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710', 'G16.500.750.775.710', 'N06.230.150.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Identification and characterization of melatonin binding sites in the gastrointestinal tract of ducks.
|
Utilizing 2-[125I]iodomelatonin as the radioligand, melatonin binding sites were identified and characterized in the jejunum of ducks. These sites were found to be reversible, saturable, specific and exhibited high affinity for melatonin. Scatchard analyses have established the equilibrium dissociation constant (Kd) for tissues collected during mid-photophase to be 40.9 +/- 7 pM and the maximum quantity of binding sites (Bmax) to be 2.0 +/- 0.4 fmol/mg protein while Kd of samples collected during mid-scotophase was found to be 54.1 +/- 10 pM with a corresponding Bmax of 1.5 +/- 0.3 fmol/mg protein. These Kd values are in good proximity to the kinetically derived equilibrium dissociation constant of 47.3 +/- 20 pM. No significant difference in Kd or Bmax was detected between the mid-light and mid-dark samples. Pharmacological profile of these binding sites, developed by their interactions with other indoles and compounds, indicated that these binding sites are highly specific for melatonin. Subcellularly, different densities of binding sites were localized to various fractions in the following order: nuclear greater than microsomal greater than mitochondrial greater than cytosolic. These binding sites in the jejunum might be the receptors accountable for promoting paracrine activities for the locally synthesized gastrointestinal melatonin and/or responsible for eliciting hormonal actions via interactions with melatonin of pineal origin.
|
['Analysis of Variance', 'Animals', 'Binding Sites', 'Binding, Competitive', 'Ducks', 'Indoles', 'Jejunum', 'Kinetics', 'Melatonin', 'Radioligand Assay', 'Subcellular Fractions']
| 1,731,167
|
[['E05.318.740.150', 'N05.715.360.750.125', 'N06.850.520.830.150'], ['B01.050'], ['G02.111.570.120'], ['E05.196.080', 'G02.111.084', 'G02.111.570.120.309'], ['B01.050.150.900.248.050.200', 'B01.050.150.900.248.690.345'], ['D03.633.100.473'], ['A03.556.124.684.500', 'A03.556.249.750'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['D03.633.100.473.914.481', 'D06.472.506'], ['E01.370.225.985', 'E01.370.374.650', 'E01.370.384.720', 'E05.200.985'], ['A11.284.835']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Localization of five antibiotic resistances at the subunit level in chloroplast ribosomes of Chlamydomonas.
|
The chloroplast ribosomes from five antibiotic resistant strains of Chlamydomonas, each carrying one mutant gene mapping in chloroplast DNA, have been shown to be resistant to the corresponding antibiotic in a poly(U)-directed amino-acid incorporating assay system. The alteration conferring resistance was localized to the 30S subunit in ribosomes from streptomycin, neamine, and spectinomycin resistant strains, and to the 50S subunit in ribosomes from cleocin and carbomycin resistant strains. Spectinomycin resistant ribosomes showed no cross-resistance to any other drugs, but limited cross-resistance was noted with the other mutant ribosomes. The similarity between these findings and results reported by others with bacterial ribosomes supports our hypothesis that at least some chloroplast ribosomal proteins are coded by genes in chloroplast DNA.
|
['Chlamydomonas', 'Chloroplasts', 'Clindamycin', 'Cross Reactions', 'Drug Resistance', 'Genes', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Leucomycins', 'Neomycin', 'Phenylalanine', 'Plant Proteins', 'Ribosomes', 'Spectinomycin', 'Streptomycin']
| 4,275,942
|
[['B01.650.940.150.385'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.700.140'], ['D03.383.773.532.500.125', 'D09.408.471.500.125'], ['G12.122.281'], ['G07.690.773.984'], ['G05.360.340.024.340'], ['E05.481'], ['D02.540.576.500.999'], ['D09.408.051.623'], ['D12.125.072.050.685', 'D12.125.142.666'], ['D12.776.765'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.811'], ['D03.383.188.712', 'D03.633.300.835', 'D09.408.051.836'], ['D09.408.051.885']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
GABA- and glycine-like immunoreactivity in axons and dendrites contacting the central terminals of rapidly adapting glabrous skin afferents in rat spinal cord.
|
The object of the present study was to determine the nature and distribution of synaptic contacts on the terminals of rapidly adapting mechanosensory afferents innervating the glabrous skin of the rat foot. Afferents were physiologically characterized by intracellular recording, before injection with neurobiotin and preparation for electron microscopy. Axon terminals were serially sectioned and immunolabeled with antibodies against GABA and glycine using a postembedding immunogold method. Afferent boutons in lamina III were often surrounded by several presynaptic axons and postsynaptic dendrites (thus forming type II glomeruli), while boutons in laminae IV-V had only simple, nonglomerular interactions. In both regions triadic synaptic arrangements where presynaptic interneurons contact both afferent boutons and their postsynaptic dendrites were present in 50-75% of boutons. Approximately three-quarters of presynaptic axons were immunoreactive for both GABA and glycine and most of the remainder for GABA alone. Most postsynaptic dendrites were not immunoreactive. Comparisons are made with information from similar studies of other rat and cat afferents conducting in the Aalphabeta range. This demonstrates that although the principles of control may be similar for cutaneous afferents of this type there are significant differences between cutaneous and 1a muscle afferents in the rat. There are also differences in detail between the interactions of afferents of the same modality in rat and cat; in the rat there are greater numbers of presynaptic axons per bouton and a greater proportion of boutons receive axo-axonic contacts and are involved in synaptic triads.
|
['Adaptation, Physiological', 'Animals', 'Axons', 'Dendrites', 'Glycine', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Lumbosacral Region', 'Mechanoreceptors', 'Microscopy, Electron', 'Nerve Endings', 'Neurons, Afferent', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Strains', 'Skin', 'Spinal Cord', 'Time Factors', 'gamma-Aminobutyric Acid']
| 12,900,920
|
[['G07.025', 'G16.012.500'], ['B01.050'], ['A08.675.542.145', 'A11.284.180.075', 'A11.671.137', 'A11.671.501.145'], ['A08.675.256', 'A11.284.180.225', 'A11.671.240'], ['D12.125.481'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['A01.923.176.519'], ['A08.675.650.915.750', 'A08.800.950.750', 'A11.671.650.915.750'], ['E01.370.350.515.402', 'E05.595.402'], ['A08.800.550'], ['A08.675.650', 'A11.671.650'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400'], ['A17.815'], ['A08.186.854'], ['G01.910.857'], ['D02.241.081.114.500.350', 'D12.125.190.350']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Self-collecting a cervico-vaginal specimen for cervical cancer screening: an exploratory study of acceptability among medically underserved women in rural Appalachia.
|
OBJECTIVE: Innovative screening methods such as self-testing for human papillomavirus (HPV) may alleviate barriers to cervical cancer screening. The purpose of this exploratory study was to determine whether Appalachian Kentucky women would be amenable to self-collecting a cervico-vaginal specimen for HPV testing.METHODS: Women aged 30-64 who were overdue for guideline-recommended cervical cancer screening were recruited from a primary care clinic in southeastern Kentucky. The women were asked to self-collect a specimen, using a cervico-vaginal brush, based on verbal and printed directions provided by a research nurse. All study participants, regardless of laboratory-confirmed HPV status, received the same counseling on the importance of cervical cancer screening and offered navigation to follow-up Pap testing at the local health department.RESULTS: Thirty-one women were approached and recruited to participate in the study, indicating a 100% acceptance rate of HPV self-testing. Of the 31 women, 26 tested negative for high-risk HPV and five tested positive. All of the women with negative results declined nurse navigation to Pap testing, whereas four of the five women with positive results accepted nurse navigation and received subsequent Pap smear screenings (all results were normal).CONCLUSIONS: Among this sample of Appalachian Kentucky women, self-collecting a cervico-vaginal specimen for HPV testing was highly acceptable. This exploratory study provides impetus for larger studies among high-risk, medically underserved women in rural communities. Tailoring alternative cancer screening strategies to meet the complex needs of rural women is likely to lead to reductions in cervical cancer incidence and mortality among this vulnerable population.
|
['Adult', 'Appalachian Region', 'Early Detection of Cancer', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Kentucky', 'Medically Underserved Area', 'Middle Aged', 'Papillomaviridae', 'Papillomavirus Infections', 'Patient Acceptance of Health Care', 'Rural Population', 'Self-Examination', 'Specimen Handling', 'Uterine Cervical Neoplasms', 'Vaginal Smears']
| 24,125,753
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['Z01.107.567.875.075'], ['E01.390.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.107.567.875.075.400', 'Z01.107.567.875.510.400'], ['N03.349.650.340', 'N05.300.450.520'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['B04.280.210.655', 'B04.613.204.655'], ['C01.925.256.650', 'C01.925.928.725'], ['F01.100.150.750.500', 'F01.145.488.887.500', 'N05.300.150.800.500'], ['N01.600.725'], ['E01.370.600.750', 'F01.145.488.700'], ['E01.370.225.998', 'E05.200.998'], ['C04.588.945.418.948.850', 'C13.351.500.852.593.131', 'C13.351.500.852.762.850', 'C13.351.937.418.875.850'], ['E01.370.225.500.384.100.800', 'E01.370.225.998.054.800', 'E01.370.378.900', 'E04.074.800', 'E05.200.500.384.100.800', 'E05.200.998.054.800', 'E05.242.384.100.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
[Necrosis of iris and ciliary body--a histopathological study].
|
Necrotic foci within the iris and ciliary body were present in 104 eyes examined at the histopathological laboratory of the University Eye Clinic, Hamburg. Three different aetiological mechanisms were found: 1) Vascular acute glaucoma, diminished arterial supply, or radiogenic occlusive vasculitis can lead to ischaemic infarction. 2) Inflammatory: direct contact with the noxious agent can lead to cell death, either via liberation of toxines and enzymes--usually bacterial--or due to direct cytotoxic effect, in case of viruses. Both can further cause cell death via immunological mechanisms. Intraocular suppurative bacterial infections predominate in this group. 3) Traumatic and operative: tissue damage is caused by mechanical or thermal injury. Besides accidental trauma, uveal necrosis also occurs frequently after surgical coagulation or dialysis of the ciliary body for glaucoma. The sequelae of iris and ciliary body necrosis depend on the extent of the damage. Small necrotic areas are followed by scarring, which has no injurious consequences on visual function. Widespread necrosis, on the other hand, is complicated by immediate atrophia bulbi or secondary angle-closure glaucoma with or without rubeosis iridis.
|
['Ciliary Body', 'Humans', 'Iris', 'Necrosis']
| 7,173,636
|
[['A09.371.060.160', 'A09.371.894.280'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A09.371.060.450', 'A09.371.894.513'], ['C23.550.717']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Cell receptor studies on seven cases of diffuse histiocytic malignant lymphoma (reticulum cell sarcoma).
|
Expression of B and T lymphocyte receptors has been studied in seven cases of reticulum cell sarcoma. In one case, surface receptors and tests of phagocytic function demonstrated the histiocytic origin of the neoplastic cells. In four cases, tumour cells expressed both B and T lymphocyte markers (two cases) or showed a normal pattern of expression of B and T lymphocyte markers. In the other two cases, lymphocyte receptors were not detected, and there was no evidence of phagocytic function: this class of receptor-silent tumours is of uncertain pathogenesis. The significance of these observations is discussed.
|
['B-Lymphocytes', 'Cell Membrane', 'Fluorescent Antibody Technique', 'Humans', 'Immune Adherence Reaction', 'Lymph Nodes', 'Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin', 'Microscopy, Electron', 'Phagocytosis', 'T-Lymphocytes']
| 1,092,721
|
[['A11.063.438', 'A11.118.637.555.567.562', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.562', 'A15.382.032.438', 'A15.382.490.555.567.562'], ['A11.284.149'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512.240', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512.240', 'E05.200.500.607.512.240', 'E05.200.750.551.512.240', 'E05.478.583.375'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.812.400', 'E05.200.812.400', 'E05.478.594.400'], ['A10.549.400', 'A15.382.520.604.412'], ['C04.557.386.480', 'C15.604.515.569.480', 'C20.683.515.761.480'], ['E01.370.350.515.402', 'E05.595.402'], ['G04.417.350', 'G09.188.665', 'G12.450.564.809', 'G12.688'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.569', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Node-positive breast cancer: a comparison of clinical and pathological findings and assessment of axillary clearance.
|
The Breast Adjuvant Chemotherapy Study of the Anti-Cancer Council of Victoria was set up to encourage the cooperation of clinicians from many centres who are involved in the management of early node-positive breast cancer in Victoria. Data sheets were completed by participants, and an analysis was made of the first 100 registered patients to determine the reliability of clinical assessment related to pathological findings and to study the extent of axillary node clearance. Although all subjects were histologically node positive, 47 had no palpable axillary lymph nodes, and in only 38 were nodes considered to be clinically involved. Correlation between clinical and pathological measurements of breast tumour size was significantly better (86%) with tumours over 5 cm in extent than with tumours of 5 cm or less (70%). Total mastectomy with total axillary clearance was the most common operative procedure performed. The pectoralis major was preserved in 97 and the pectoralis minor was divided or removed in 71 cases as part of the axillary clearance. In a subgroup (33) the location of involved nodes in the axilla was studied, and of these seven (21%) were found to have involved upper axillary nodes in the absence of lower axillary nodal involvement, emphasizing the inadequacy of axillary sampling in determining nodal status.
|
['Axilla', 'Breast', 'Breast Neoplasms', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Lymph Node Excision', 'Lymph Nodes', 'Lymphatic Metastasis', 'Mastectomy', 'Neoplasm Staging']
| 6,937,174
|
[['A01.378.800.090'], ['A01.236'], ['C04.588.180', 'C17.800.090.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E04.446'], ['A10.549.400', 'A15.382.520.604.412'], ['C04.697.650.560', 'C23.550.727.650.560'], ['E04.466'], ['E01.789.625']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The Active Ageing-concept translated to the residential long-term care.
|
PURPOSE: Active Ageing (AA), as described by the WHO (Active Ageing: a policy framework. World Health Organisation, Geneva 5), is an important concept in gerontology. Since the AA-concept has not been examined in the context of residential long-term care facilities, our study addresses this gap by describing the determinants of AA within this setting.METHODS: A qualitative study with semi-structured focus groups, followed by a thematic analysis, was conducted. Through purposive sampling, four focus groups of either residents of long-term care facilities (n = 8), children of residents (n = 8), community-dwelling older people (n = 8) and gerontologists (n = 6) were formed.RESULTS: The thematic analysis yielded nine determinants of AA. Seven correspond to those identified by the WHO: Culture, Behaviour, Psychological Factors, Physical Environment, Social Environment, Economic Characteristics and Health and Social Care. Two new determinants were identified: Meaningful Leisure and Participation. The determinant Participation is seen as crucial to AA in residential care.CONCLUSION: This study points to a more extensive set of determinants of AA than those identified by the WHO (Active Ageing: a policy framework. World Health Organisation, Geneva 5). Staff of long-term care facilities can make use of these determinants to promote AA in their residents.
|
['Aged', 'Aging', 'Child', 'Female', 'Focus Groups', 'Health Status Indicators', 'Homes for the Aged', 'Humans', 'Leisure Activities', 'Long-Term Care', 'Nursing Homes', 'Qualitative Research', 'Quality of Life', 'Research Design', 'Residential Facilities', 'World Health Organization']
| 22,678,352
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['G07.345.124'], ['M01.060.406'], ['E05.318.308.112', 'N05.715.360.300.269', 'N06.850.520.308.112'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475'], ['J03.775.462', 'N02.278.825.462'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['I03.450'], ['E02.760.476', 'N02.421.585.476'], ['N02.278.825.610'], ['H01.770.644.241.850'], ['I01.800', 'K01.752.400.750', 'N06.850.505.400.425.837'], ['E05.581.500', 'H01.770.644.728'], ['J03.775', 'N02.278.825'], ['N03.540.514.718.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Humanities [K]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
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