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Early Childhood Adversity and its Associations With Anxiety, Depression, and Distress in Women With Breast Cancer.
|
BACKGROUND: Certain vulnerability factors have been found to place patients at risk for depression and anxiety, especially within the context of medical illness.OBJECTIVES: We sought to describe the relationships among early childhood adversity (ECA) and anxiety, depression and distress in patients with breast cancer.METHODS: Patients with breast cancer (stages 0-IV) were assessed for ECA (i.e., the Risky Families Questionnaire subscales include Abuse/Neglect/Chaotic Home Environment), distress (i.e., Distress Thermometer and Problem List), anxiety (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-Anxiety), depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-Depression), meeting standardized cut-off thresholds for distress (Distress Thermometer and Problem List ?4 or ?7)/anxiety (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-Anxiety ?8)/depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-Depression ?8) and demographic factors.RESULTS: A total of 125 participants completed the study (78% response rate). ECA was associated with depression (p <0.001), anxiety (p = 0.001), and distress (p = 0.006), meeting cut-off threshold criteria for distress (p = 0.024), anxiety (p = 0.048), and depression (p = 0.001). On multivariate analysis, only depression (p = 0.04) and emotional issues (i.e., component of Distress Thermometer and Problem List) (p = 0.001) were associated with ECA. Neglect, but not Abuse and Chaotic Home Environment, was associated with depression (â = 0.442, p < 0.001), anxiety (â = 0.342, p = 0.002), and self-identified problems with family (â = 0.288, p = 0.022), emotion (â = 0.345, p = 0.004), and physical issues (â = 0.408, p < 0.001).CONCLUSION: ECA and neglect are associated with multiple psychologic symptoms, but most specifically depression in the setting of breast cancer. ECA contributes to psychologic burden as a vulnerability factor. ECA may help to explain individual patient trajectories and influence the provision of patient-centered care for psychologic symptoms in patients with breast cancer.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Anxiety Disorders', 'Breast Neoplasms', 'Child', 'Child Abuse', 'Comorbidity', 'Depressive Disorder', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Middle Aged', 'Risk Factors', 'Stress, Psychological', 'Surveys and Questionnaires']
| 26,876,888
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['F03.080'], ['C04.588.180', 'C17.800.090.500'], ['M01.060.406'], ['I01.198.240.856.350.250', 'I01.880.735.900.350.250'], ['N05.715.350.225', 'N06.850.490.687'], ['F03.600.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['F01.145.126.990', 'F02.830.900'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Impact of endoscopic sinus surgery on global health perception: an outcomes study.
|
The Medical Outcome Study Short-Form 36-item Health Survey (SF-36) was used to prospectively assess outcomes after endoscopic sinus surgery. Our study found that chronic rhinosinusitis has a significant adverse impact on patient-perceived functional status and quality of life. Endoscopic sinus surgery resulted in statistically significant improvement in both disease-specific symptoms and patient-perceived global health status at 6 and 12 months of follow-up. The SF-36 is recommended for use as the global health monitor in outcomes evaluation for chronic rhinosinusitis.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Child', 'Chronic Disease', 'Endoscopy', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Otorhinolaryngologic Surgical Procedures', 'Outcome Assessment, Health Care', 'Prospective Studies', 'Quality of Life', 'Rhinitis', 'Sinusitis']
| 9,807,074
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.406'], ['C23.550.291.500'], ['E01.370.388.250', 'E04.502.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E04.580'], ['H01.770.644.145.431', 'N04.761.559.590', 'N05.715.360.575.575'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['I01.800', 'K01.752.400.750', 'N06.850.505.400.425.837'], ['C01.748.674', 'C08.460.799', 'C08.730.674', 'C09.603.799'], ['C01.748.749', 'C08.460.692.752', 'C08.730.749', 'C09.603.692.752']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Humanities [K]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Presynaptic A-current based on heteromultimeric K+ channels detected in vivo.
|
A wide variety of voltage-gated K+ channels are involved in the regulation of neuronal excitability and synaptic transmission. Their heterogeneity arises in part from the large number of genes encoding different K+ channel subunits (reviewed in ref. 1). In addition, heterologous expression studies indicate that assembly of distinct subunits into heteromultimeric channels may contribute further to K+ channel diversity. A question has been whether heteromeric K+ channels actually form in vivo, and if so, whether specific combinations of subunits could account for major K+ currents identified in neurons. We present here biochemical evidence that Kv1.4 and Kv1.2, two K+ channel subunits of the Shaker subfamily, co-assemble in rat brain. The Kv1.4/Kv1.2 heteromultimer combines features of both parent subunits, resulting in an A-type K+ channel. Immunocytochemical evidence suggests that the heteromultimers are localized in axons and nerve terminals. We propose that Kv1.4/Kv1.2 heteromultimers may form the molecular basis of a presynaptic A-type K+ channel involved in the regulation of neurotransmitter release.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Animals', 'Brain', 'Cell Line', 'Chromatography, Agarose', 'Electrophysiology', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Membrane Proteins', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Potassium Channels', 'Precipitin Tests', 'Rats', 'Synapses']
| 8,361,540
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['B01.050'], ['A08.186.211'], ['A11.251.210'], ['E05.196.181.400.250.200'], ['H01.158.344.528', 'H01.158.782.236'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['D12.776.543'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['D12.776.157.530.400.600', 'D12.776.543.550.450.750', 'D12.776.543.585.400.750'], ['E01.370.225.812.735.645', 'E05.196.150.639.500', 'E05.200.812.735.645', 'E05.478.594.760.645', 'E05.478.605.492'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['A08.850', 'A11.284.149.165.420.780']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
A model for the circadian rhythm of cyanobacteria that maintains oscillation without gene expression.
|
An intriguing property of the cyanobacterial circadian clock is that endogenous rhythm persists when protein abundances are kept constant either in the presence of translation and transcription inhibitors or in the constant dark condition. Here we propose a regulatory mechanism of KaiC phosphorylation for the generation of circadian oscillations in cyanobacteria. In the model, clock proteins KaiA and KaiB are assumed to have multiple states, regulating the KaiC phosphorylation process. The model can explain 1), the sustained oscillation of gene expression and protein abundance when the expression of the kaiBC gene is regulated by KaiC protein, and 2), the sustained oscillation of phosphorylated KaiC when transcription and translation processes are inhibited and total protein abundance is fixed. Results of this work suggest that KaiA and KaiB strengthen the nonlinearity of KaiC phosphorylation, thereby promoting the circadian rhythm in cyanobacteria.
|
['Bacterial Proteins', 'Circadian Rhythm', 'Circadian Rhythm Signaling Peptides and Proteins', 'Cyanobacteria', 'Darkness', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial', 'Light', 'Models, Biological', 'Phosphorylation']
| 16,798,799
|
[['D12.776.097'], ['G07.180.562.190'], ['D12.644.360.138', 'D12.776.476.156'], ['B03.280', 'B03.440.475.100'], ['G01.590.540.233'], ['G05.308.300'], ['G01.358.500.505.650', 'G01.590.540', 'G01.750.250.650', 'G01.750.770.578'], ['E05.599.395'], ['G02.111.665', 'G02.607.780', 'G03.796']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
JNKK1 organizes a MAP kinase module through specific and sequential interactions with upstream and downstream components mediated by its amino-terminal extension.
|
MAP kinase (MAPK) cascades are composed of a MAPK, MAPK kinase (MAPKK), and a MAPKK kinase (MAPKKK). Despite the existence of numerous components and ample opportunities for crosstalk, most MAPKs are specifically and distinctly activated. We investigated the basis for specific activation of the JNK subgroup of MAPKs. The specificity of JNK activation is determined by the MAPKK JNKK1, which interacts with the MAPKKK MEKK1 and JNK through its amino-terminal extension. Inactive JNKK1 mutants can disrupt JNK activation by MEKK1 or tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in intact cells only if they contain an intact amino-terminal extension. Mutations in this region interfere with the ability of JNKK1 to respond to TNF but do not affect its activation by physical stressors. As JNK and MEKK1 compete for binding to JNKK1 and activation of JNKK1 prevents its binding to MEKK1, activation of this module is likely to occur through sequential MEKK1:JNKK1 and JNKK1:JNK interactions. These results underscore a role for the amino-terminal extension of MAPKKs in determination of response specificity.
|
['Animals', 'Binding, Competitive', 'COS Cells', 'Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases', 'Enzyme Activation', 'Humans', 'JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases', 'MAP Kinase Kinase 4', 'MAP Kinase Kinase Kinase 1', 'Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1', 'Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases', 'Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases', 'Peptide Fragments', 'Phosphorylation', 'Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases', 'Protein-Tyrosine Kinases', 'Response Elements', 'Substrate Specificity', 'p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases']
| 9,808,624
|
[['B01.050'], ['E05.196.080', 'G02.111.084', 'G02.111.570.120.309'], ['A11.251.210.172.500', 'A11.329.228.220'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.125', 'D12.644.360.100', 'D12.776.476.100'], ['G02.111.263', 'G03.328'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.567.374', 'D12.644.360.450.340', 'D12.776.476.450.340'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.565.400', 'D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.200.400', 'D12.644.360.440.400', 'D12.776.476.440.400'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.559.100', 'D12.644.360.400.100', 'D12.776.476.400.100'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.567.249.500', 'D12.644.360.450.169.500', 'D12.776.476.450.169.500'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.565', 'D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.200', 'D12.644.360.440', 'D12.776.476.440'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.567', 'D12.644.360.450', 'D12.776.476.450'], ['D12.644.541'], ['G02.111.665', 'G02.607.780', 'G03.796'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725'], ['G02.111.570.080.689.330.700', 'G02.111.570.080.689.675.700', 'G05.360.080.689.330.700', 'G05.360.080.689.675.700', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.750.249.765', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.750.680.765'], ['G02.111.835'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.567.843', 'D12.644.360.450.835', 'D12.776.476.450.835']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Mixed lymphocyte reactivity in chimpanzees. II. Family studies and identification of D locus antigens.
|
A large number of related chimpanzees were tested in mixed lymphocyte cultures against each other. Several similarities among the D locus products coded for by different ChLA haplotypes were observed. Six animals were found to be homozygous for D locus antigens and two of these animals carried the same D specificity. Hence, the available "typing cells" permitted the identification of five D locus antigens of the chimpanzee. So far, no linkage disequilibrium has been found between any of the D locus antigens and ChLA-A or -B locus antigens.
|
['Animals', 'Chromosome Mapping', 'Epitopes', 'Female', 'Genetic Linkage', 'Genotype', 'Haploidy', 'Histocompatibility Antigens', 'Homozygote', 'Lymphocyte Culture Test, Mixed', 'Male', 'Pan troglodytes']
| 6,165,095
|
[['B01.050'], ['E05.393.183'], ['D23.050.550'], ['G05.348'], ['G05.380'], ['G05.700.456'], ['D23.050.301.500', 'D23.050.705.552'], ['G05.380.554'], ['E01.370.225.812.385.475', 'E05.200.812.385.475', 'E05.478.594.385.429'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.620']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Calmodulin-binding protein (55K + 17K) of sea urchin eggs has a Ca2+- and calmodulin-dependent phosphoprotein phosphatase activity.
|
A calmodulin-binding protein from sea urchin eggs consisting of two subunits (55 and 17K-daltons) was identified as a Ca2+-dependent phosphoprotein phosphatase similar to calcineurin in mammalian brain and to phosphatase 2B in skeletal muscle. Peptide mappings showed that the 55K subunit was different from 61K subunit of calcineurin, whereas the 17K subunit was similar to 19K subunit of calcineurin but different from calmodulin. The 55K + 17K protein of sea urchin eggs dephosphorylated 32P-inhibitor-1 in a Ca2+- and calmodulin-dependent manner. Vmax and Km for inhibitor-1 in the presence of Ca2+ and calmodulin were 2,100 pmol Pi/min/mg and 2.7 microM. Ca2+-dependent phosphatase activity for inhibitor-1 was detected in homogenates of both unfertilized and fertilized eggs, but was not detected in isolated cortices and mitotic apparatus.
|
['Animals', 'Calcium', 'Calmodulin', 'Calmodulin-Binding Proteins', 'Carrier Proteins', 'Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins', 'Molecular Weight', 'Ovum', 'Phosphoprotein Phosphatases', 'Proteins', 'Sea Urchins']
| 3,011,771
|
[['B01.050'], ['D01.268.552.100', 'D01.552.539.288', 'D23.119.100'], ['D12.644.360.372.249', 'D12.776.157.125.412.249', 'D12.776.476.387.249'], ['D12.776.157.142'], ['D12.776.157'], ['D12.644.360', 'D12.776.476'], ['G02.494'], ['A05.360.490.690', 'A11.497.497', 'A16.690'], ['D08.811.277.352.650.625'], ['D12.776'], ['B01.050.500.408.578']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Women, incarceration and HIV: a systematic review of HIV treatment access, continuity of care and health outcomes across incarceration trajectories.
|
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to systematically review the literature on gendered implications of incarceration for HIV outcomes and engagement in care for women living with HIV (WLWH).DESIGN: We systematically searched seven bibliographic databases, for peer-reviewed English-language studies, published between 2007 and 2017 reporting on incarceration, women (transgender inclusive) and HIV.METHODS: Articles were included for evaluation if they reported outcomes for at least one of three measures of interest: viral load, antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence or engagement in care among WLWH along incarceration trajectories.RESULTS: Out of 1119 studies, 24 (2%) met the inclusion criteria. Of these 24 studies, the majority (n = 23) were conducted in the USA, 19 included samples of women and men and seven studies were transgender inclusive. Our review did not reveal clear sex differences in HIV outcomes during periods of incarceration; however, studies reporting postincarceration outcomes demonstrated significant sex disparities in all three outcomes of interest. Following incarceration, women were less likely to be virally suppressed, less likely to achieve optimal ART adherence and less likely to be engaged in care.CONCLUSION: Despite growing numbers of incarcerated WLWH globally, there is a substantial gap in research examining the impact of incarceration on HIV outcomes for WLWH. Significant sex disparities in HIV outcomes and engagement in care exist along incarceration trajectories for WLWH, especially postincarceration. For improved health outcomes, research is needed to examine the experiences of WLWH throughout incarceration trajectories to develop interventions tailored to the specific needs of WLWH both during and following incarceration.
|
['Continuity of Patient Care', 'Female', 'Global Health', 'HIV Infections', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Medication Adherence', 'Prisoners', 'Prisons', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Viral Load']
| 30,289,811
|
[['E02.760.169', 'N02.421.585.169', 'N04.590.233.727.210'], ['H02.403.371', 'N01.400.337'], ['C01.221.250.875', 'C01.221.812.640.400', 'C01.778.640.400', 'C01.925.782.815.616.400', 'C01.925.813.400', 'C20.673.480'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.100.150.750.500.600.500', 'F01.145.488.887.500.600.500', 'N05.300.150.800.500.600.500'], ['M01.729'], ['I01.880.604.787', 'J03.220.500'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['E01.370.225.875.950', 'E05.200.875.950', 'G06.920.850']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Cryptorchidism: the surgical implications of non-union of the epididymis and testis.
|
A boy with a non-palpable undescended testis was found to have a 7.5 cm. separation between the detached epididymis and testis. This anomaly of non-union of the epididymis and testis emphasizes the need for careful exploration of the non-palpable undescended testis.
|
['Cryptorchidism', 'Epididymis', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Male', 'Testis']
| 6,106,722
|
[['C12.294.829.258', 'C12.706.258', 'C16.131.939.258', 'C19.391.829.258'], ['A05.360.444.371'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['A05.360.444.849', 'A05.360.576.782', 'A06.300.312.782']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Immunoglobulin gene rearrangement in the peripheral blood and bone marrow of patients with lymphomas of the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues.
|
The theory of 'homing' mechanism has been proposed to explain the association of malignant lymphoma involving multiple sites of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT). DNA rearrangement in the peripheral blood and bone marrow specimens of 20 patients with MALT lymphoma were studied utilizing JH and C beta gene probes, aiming to detect circulating lymphoma cells and unrecognized bone marrow involvement. Our search for malignant cells in the peripheral blood was unrewarding and the 'homing' theory remained unproven. However, the study of DNA rearrangement showed to be useful in determining the malignant nature of abnormal lymphoid aggregates found in the bone marrow of these patients.
|
['Adult', 'Bone Marrow', 'DNA Probes', 'DNA, Neoplasm', 'Gene Rearrangement', 'Genes, Immunoglobulin', 'Humans', 'Lymphoid Tissue', 'Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin', 'Mucous Membrane']
| 2,117,323
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['A15.382.216'], ['D13.444.600.223', 'D27.505.259.750.600.223', 'D27.720.470.530.600.223'], ['D13.444.308.425'], ['G05.344'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.335', 'G12.500.299'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A10.549', 'A15.382.520.604'], ['C04.557.386.480', 'C15.604.515.569.480', 'C20.683.515.761.480'], ['A10.615.550']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
[Sarmiento functional treatment of humeral shaft fractures. Results and experiences].
|
Functional treatment according to Sarmiento was applied to 20 cases of humerus shaft fracture, in the course of three years. All fractures healed with good functional result. The approach proved to be effective. Functional treatment, using Brace, was indicated even for fractures in the proximal or distal third of the humerus or in cases of complete failure of the N. radialis. The author's results are described and discussed.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Braces', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Humeral Fractures', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Radiography', 'Wound Healing']
| 3,425,021
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['E07.858.442.743.319'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C26.088.390', 'C26.404.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.370.350.700'], ['G16.762.891']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Criminal burning.
|
We report a study of 40 burnt bodies on which an autopsy was carried out at the Institut de M?decine L?gale in Lyon (28 men/12 women, average age = 41 years, minimum age = 3 years, maximum age = 86 years). Criminal deaths (31%) represented the second cause of death after accidents (52%), and before suicide (16%). Criminal burning seemed mainly to be means of covering up homicide, whereas criminal immolation was rarer. The particular characteristics of each of these situations have been highlighted (tying or poisoning in criminal immolation). We deemed it essential to make X-rays, to look for injuries due to trauma and to carry out systematic toxicological analyses in a victim of burning.
|
['Accidents', 'Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Burns', 'Carboxyhemoglobin', 'Cause of Death', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Female', 'Forensic Medicine', 'France', 'Homicide', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Sex Distribution', 'Suicide', 'Wounds, Nonpenetrating', 'Wounds, Penetrating']
| 15,982,840
|
[['N06.850.135'], ['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['C26.200'], ['D12.776.124.400.141', 'D12.776.422.316.762.149'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.250', 'N01.224.935.698.100', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.250', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.250'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['H02.403.330', 'I01.198.780.937'], ['Z01.542.286'], ['I01.198.240.470', 'I01.880.735.344'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['I01.240.800', 'N01.224.803', 'N06.850.505.400.850'], ['F01.145.126.980.875', 'I01.880.735.856'], ['C26.974'], ['C26.986']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
In vivo modification of native carrier protein domains.
|
Carrier proteins are central to the biosynthesis of primary and secondary metabolites in all organisms. Here we describe metabolic labeling and manipulation of native acyl carrier proteins in both type I and II fatty acid synthases. By utilizing natural promiscuity in the CoA biosynthetic pathway in combination with synthetic pantetheine analogues, we demonstrate metabolic labeling of endogenous carrier proteins with reporter tags in Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and in a human carcinoma cell line. The highly specific nature of the post-translational modification that was utilized for tagging allows for simple visualization of labeled carrier proteins, either by direct fluorescence imaging or after chemical conjugation to a fluorescent reporter. In addition, we demonstrate the utility of this approach for the isolation and enrichment of carrier proteins by affinity purification. Finally, we use these techniques to identify a carrier protein from an unsequenced organism, a finding that validates this proteomic approach to natural product biosynthetic enzyme discovery.
|
['Acyl Carrier Protein', 'Affinity Labels', 'Amino Acid Sequence', 'Bacteria', 'Bacterial Proteins', 'Base Sequence', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Cell Survival', 'Fatty Acids', 'Gene Knockdown Techniques', 'Humans', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Protein Structure, Tertiary', 'Protein Transport', 'Proteomics', 'Sequence Analysis, DNA', 'Staining and Labeling', 'fas Receptor']
| 19,308,927
|
[['D12.776.157.050'], ['D27.720.470.410.080'], ['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['B03'], ['D12.776.097'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['G04.346'], ['D10.251'], ['E05.393.335.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G02.111.570.820.709.610'], ['G03.143.700'], ['H01.158.201.843', 'H01.158.273.180.350.700', 'H01.158.273.343.350.700', 'H01.181.122.738'], ['E05.393.760.700'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.670', 'E01.370.225.750.600.670', 'E05.200.500.620.670', 'E05.200.750.600.670'], ['D12.776.543.750.690.500', 'D12.776.543.750.705.852.760.195']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Agglutinating mouse IgG3 compares favourably with IgMs in typing of the blood group B antigen: Functionality and stability studies.
|
Mouse immunoglobulins M (IgMs) that recognize human blood group antigens induce haemagglutination and are used worldwide for diagnostic blood typing. Contrary to the current belief that IgGs are too small to simultaneously bind antigens on two different erythrocytes, we obtained agglutinating mouse IgG3 that recognized antigen B of the human ABO blood group system. Mouse IgG3 is an intriguing isotype that has the ability to form Fc-dependent oligomers. However, F(ab')2 fragments of the IgG3 were sufficient to agglutinate type B red blood cells; therefore, IgG3-triggered agglutination did not require oligomerization. Molecular modelling indicated that mouse IgG3 has a larger range of Fab arms than other mouse IgG subclasses and that the unique properties of mouse IgG3 are likely due to the structure of its hinge region. With a focus on applications in diagnostics, we compared the stability of IgG3 and two IgMs in formulated blood typing reagents using an accelerated storage approach and differential scanning calorimetry. IgG3 was much more stable than IgMs. Interestingly, the rapid decrease in IgM activity was caused by aggregation of the molecules and a previously unknown posttranslational proteolytic processing of the ì heavy chain. Our data point to mouse IgG3 as a potent diagnostic tool.
|
['ABO Blood-Group System', 'Animals', 'Blood Grouping and Crossmatching', 'Hemagglutination', 'Humans', 'Immunoglobulin G', 'Immunoglobulin M', 'Mice']
| 27,484,487
|
[['D23.050.301.290.031', 'D23.050.705.230.031'], ['B01.050'], ['E01.370.225.625.120', 'E01.370.225.812.385.120', 'E05.200.625.120', 'E05.200.812.385.120', 'E05.478.594.385.120'], ['G02.111.026.500', 'G12.122.100.200'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.619.393', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.619.393', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.619.393'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.619.574', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.619.574', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.619.574'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The role of outcomes data in health-care resource allocation.
|
The purpose of this article was to provide information about the importance of outcome measures in the health-care resource allocation scenario. The increasing focus on outcome measures as a more suitable way to demonstrate the value of services is discussed. Health-care trends toward the use of data from patient outcomes to justify treatment needs and reimbursement are described. Important outcomes including patient satisfaction, functional status, and quality of life are presented. Outcome assessment strategies and requirements are considered in the wider context of evidence-based practice, clinical practice guidelines, and performance measures. An outcomes management approach using the World Health Organization's classification system is suggested. Examples of audiological rehabilitation with hearing aids are provided to illustrate the application of outcome measures to hearing health care.
|
['Correction of Hearing Impairment', 'Evidence-Based Medicine', 'Health Care Rationing', 'Health Care Reform', 'Hearing Aids', 'Humans', 'Outcome Assessment, Health Care', 'Patient Satisfaction', 'Quality of Life', 'Treatment Outcome', 'United States', 'World Health Organization']
| 10,981,598
|
[['E02.760.169.063.500.200', 'E02.831.200', 'H02.403.680.600.500', 'N02.421.784.377'], ['H02.249.750', 'H02.403.200.400'], ['I01.261.750.500', 'N03.349.270', 'N05.300.430.375'], ['I01.655.500.608.400.285', 'I01.880.604.825.608.400.285', 'N03.349.285', 'N03.623.500.608.428.285', 'N04.590.374.285', 'N05.300.380'], ['E07.305.906.500', 'E07.814.458'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['H01.770.644.145.431', 'N04.761.559.590', 'N05.715.360.575.575'], ['F01.100.150.750.625', 'F01.145.488.887.625', 'N04.452.822.700', 'N05.300.150.800.625', 'N05.715.360.600'], ['I01.800', 'K01.752.400.750', 'N06.850.505.400.425.837'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['Z01.107.567.875'], ['N03.540.514.718.800']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
The human insulin-like growth factor II leader 1 contains an internal ribosomal entry site.
|
Insulin-like growth factor II is a small peptide growth hormone, encoded by four mRNAs with unique 5' untranslated regions and identical coding regions. The 5' untranslated region transcribed from promoter 1 is 598 nt (leader 1). The properties of this leader 1 suggest a strong regulation of translation; the high G + C-content, the presence of an upstream open reading frame, and the length of the 5' UTR are 3 elements which prohibit efficient translation and which may modulate expression. In this paper we show that the human IGFII leader 1 harbours sequence elements that allow translation initiation to occur by internal initiation on the IGF sequence. This mode of initiation was described first for picornaviral mRNAs, that are naturally uncapped. The IGFII leader 1-dependent expression in HeLa cells was resistant to infection with poliovirus; abrogation of cap-dependent initiation by poliovirus had apparently no effect on IGFII expression. Moreover, a downstream CAT-cistron in a bicistronic construct was translated upon insertion of the leader 1 sequence. The translational properties of the IGFII leader 1 suggest that internal initiation on this leader may be modulated during proliferation or differentiation, enabling cell-stage dependent expression of IGFII.
|
['Base Sequence', 'Binding Sites', 'Gene Expression', 'HeLa Cells', 'Humans', 'Insulin-Like Growth Factor II', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Plasmids', 'Protein Biosynthesis', 'RNA Caps', 'Ribosomes', 'Transfection']
| 8,547,330
|
[['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['G02.111.570.120'], ['G05.297'], ['A11.251.210.190.400', 'A11.251.860.180.400', 'A11.436.340'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.644.276.937.420', 'D12.776.124.862.425', 'D12.776.467.937.420', 'D23.529.937.420'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G05.360.600'], ['G02.111.660.871', 'G03.734.871', 'G05.297.670'], ['D03.633.100.759.646.454.700', 'D13.444.735.544.500', 'D13.695.667.454.700', 'D13.695.827.426.700'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.811'], ['E05.393.350.810', 'G05.728.860']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Production of limit size nanoliposomal systems with potential utility as ultra-small drug delivery agents.
|
Previous studies from this group have shown that limit size lipid-based systems--defined as the smallest achievable aggregates compatible with the packing properties of their molecular constituents--can be efficiently produced using rapid microfluidic mixing technique. In this work, it is shown that similar procedures can be employed for the production of homogeneously sized unilamellar vesicular systems of 30-40 nm size range. These vesicles can be remotely loaded with the protonable drug doxorubicin and exhibit adequate drug retention properties in vitro and in vivo. In particular, it is demonstrated that whereas sub-40 nm lipid nanoparticle (LNP) systems consisting entirely of long-chain saturated phosphatidylcholines cannot be produced, the presence of such lipids may have a beneficial effect on the retention properties of limit size systems consisting of mixed lipid components. Specifically, a 33-nm diameter doxorubicin-loaded LNP system composed of 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl phosphatidylcholine (POPC), 1,2-dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine (DPPC), cholesterol, and PEGylated lipid (DSPE-PEG2000) demonstrated adequate, stable drug retention in the circulation, with a half-life for drug release of ? 12 h. These results indicate that microfluidic mixing is the technique of choice for the production of bilayer LNP systems with sizes less than 50 nm that could lead to development of a novel class of ultra-small drug delivery vehicles.
|
['Animals', 'Drug Carriers', 'Drug Delivery Systems', 'Lipids', 'Liposomes', 'Mice', 'Nanoparticles', 'Particle Size', 'Surface Properties']
| 25,856,305
|
[['B01.050'], ['D26.255.260', 'E02.319.300.380'], ['E02.319.300'], ['D10'], ['D25.479.517', 'D26.255.260.517', 'J01.637.051.479.517', 'J01.637.087.500.517'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['J01.637.512.600'], ['G02.712'], ['G02.860']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Two rheologically different gastric mucus secretions with different putative functions.
|
Previous work has shown the presence of different mucin gene products and glycosylated species in gastric mucus secretions, however, the functional relevance of these differences is unclear. This study aimed to investigate rheologically, differences in the gel behaviour within gastric mucus samples using a pig model. Rheological measurements were made on a Bohlin CVO50 rheometer. Mucins were characterised by antigenicity, lectin reactivity and proteolytic fragmentation patterns. Two distinct mucus gel secretions, one compliant with and the other resistant to shear stress, were removed from the gastric mucosa. The two gels had different rheological behaviour profiles and exhibited structural differences in their constituent mucins. The shear-compliant mucus was located superficially to the adherent shear-resistant mucus layer and was shown not to be a proteolytic product of the latter. This study has demonstrated that there are two rheologically distinct mucus gel secretions with structural/compositional differences in the stomach. Rheological properties suggest that the adherent, shear-resistant gel could provide the mucus barrier in vivo while the shear-compliant gel could act primarily as a lubricant.
|
['Animals', 'Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay', 'Gastric Mucins', 'Gels', 'Glycoproteins', 'Humans', 'Lectins', 'Mucus', 'Peptide Fragments', 'Protein Binding', 'Rheology', 'Shear Strength', 'Swine', 'Viscosity']
| 15,374,617
|
[['B01.050'], ['E05.478.566.350.170', 'E05.478.566.380.360', 'E05.478.583.400.170', 'E05.601.470.350.170', 'E05.601.470.380.360'], ['D12.776.395.560.631.100'], ['D20.280.320', 'D26.255.165.320'], ['D09.400.430', 'D12.776.395'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.503'], ['A12.200.503'], ['D12.644.541'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808'], ['E05.830', 'H01.671.808'], ['G01.374.820'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.880'], ['G02.930']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Use of a mixed cell suspension obtained from the livers of different rats for cytological studies].
|
The possibility of employing a mixed suspension of isolated liver cells from several rats for estimation of some quantitative characters commonly used in cytological investigations was studied. It is demonstrated that the disaggregation rate of liver in different animals varies slightly, and the mean values of the parametres studied (the proportion of dividing and binucleated cell) obtained from individual animals coincides well with those of the mixed suspension.
|
['Animals', 'Cell Separation', 'Liver', 'Mitosis', 'Rats']
| 941,267
|
[['B01.050'], ['E01.370.225.500.363', 'E05.200.500.363', 'E05.242.363'], ['A03.620'], ['G04.144.220.220.781', 'G05.113.220.781'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Impact of Genetic Polymorphism in the â2-Receptor Gene on Risk of Severe Hypoglycemia in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes.
|
Context: Severe hypoglycemic events are unevenly distributed in people with type 1 diabetes, making a genetic influence probable. Of the common adrenoceptor â-2 receptor gene (ADRB2) polymorphisms, the Arg16 allele is associated with receptor downregulation and reduced agonist-mediated endogenous glucose production.Objective: We tested the hypothesis that the Arg16 variant is associated with severe hypoglycemia.Method: A cohort of 311 patients with type 1 diabetes reported severe hypoglycemic events retrospectively in a validated questionnaire. The patients were characterized by diabetes history, state of hypoglycemia awareness, C-peptide status, HbA1c, and ADRB2 genotype.Results: The ADRB2 Gly16Arg genotype distribution was in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The rate of severe hypoglycemia differed among all genotypes (P = 0.01). Patients homozygous for the Arg16 genotype (AA; n = 60) had a relative rate (RR) of severe hypoglycemia of 2.2 (95% CI, 1.3 to 3.6) compared with patients homozygous for the Gly16 genotype (GG; n = 116; P = 0.002). Among patients with impaired awareness or unawareness (n = 175), those with the AA genotype (n = 33) had an RR of severe hypoglycemia of 3.2 (95% CI, 1.7 to 6.0) compared with patients with the GG genotype (n = 58; P < 0.000). Genotype was not associated with state of hypoglycemia awareness per se, as assessed by any of three classification methods. The difference was not explained by other risk factors.Conclusion: Genetic polymorphism in ADRB2 is associated with risk of severe hypoglycemia in individuals with type 1 diabetes, especially in those with impaired hypoglycemia awareness.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1', 'Female', 'Genetic Predisposition to Disease', 'Genotype', 'Humans', 'Hypoglycemia', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Polymorphism, Genetic', 'Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Risk Factors', 'Severity of Illness Index']
| 29,757,443
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C18.452.394.750.124', 'C19.246.267', 'C20.111.327'], ['C23.550.291.687.500', 'G05.380.355'], ['G05.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C18.452.394.984'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G05.365.795'], ['D12.776.543.750.670.300.300.340.200', 'D12.776.543.750.695.150.300.340.725', 'D12.776.543.750.720.330.300.340.200'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475.456.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.364.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.364.500']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Diverse clinical and laboratory manifestations of bilateral vestibulopathy.
|
OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: To identify the clinical and laboratory characteristics of bilateral vestibulopathy (BVP) on the video head impulse test (vHIT).STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective chart analysis.METHODS: During 23 months, 1,789 patients with dizziness underwent vHIT in our tertiary referral hospital. Of these patients, 65 (3.6%) patients had bilaterally positive catch-up saccades. Based on the caloric test, 15 (group 1) had bilateral caloric weakness, 13 (group 2) had unilateral caloric weakness, and 37 (group 3) had normal caloric responses on both ears. We collected data on these patients regarding demographics, symptoms, gain, and type of saccade on horizontal canal plane vHIT, as well as gain and time constant on velocity step of the rotatory chair test.RESULTS: The average age of group 2 (70.38 ± 11.96 years) and group 3 (69.03 ± 11.01 years) were significantly older than that of group 1 (54.80 ± 11.96 years) (P = 0.029, P = 0.003, respectively). Although all patients had bilaterally positive vHIT, 10 of 15 in group 1 were finally diagnosed as classical BVP by clinical features. On comparison of average gain on bilateral horizontal vHIT, groups 2 (0.71 ± 0.17) and 3 (0.80 ± 0.14) had higher gain compared to group 1 (0.45 ± 0.22) (P = 0.001, P = 0.000, respectively). On velocity step test, time constant and gain of group 3 (11.60 ± 3.07, 0.49 ± 0.13) was significantly higher than those of group 1 (4.92 ± 1.36, 0.22 ± 0.17) (P = 0.000, P = 0.004, respectively). On the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, vHIT alone seemed to be a discordant method for diagnosis of BVP compared to the caloric and step velocity tests.CONCLUSION: About 3.6% patients with dizziness showed bilateral vestibular ocular reflex deficit during high-frequency acceleration, which was prevalent especially in elderly patients. Also, positive bilateral vHIT does not always correlate with caloric or rotatory chair test results. This may imply that a diverse spectrum of vestibulopathies exist according to the stimulation frequency of deficit.LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 4. Laryngoscope, 127:E42-E49, 2017.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Bilateral Vestibulopathy', 'Caloric Tests', 'Female', 'Head Impulse Test', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Retrospective Studies']
| 26,972,747
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['C09.218.568.900.442', 'C10.597.057', 'C23.888.592.057'], ['E01.370.382.900.150'], ['E01.370.382.900.640'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Longterm effects of prolonged maintenance and of very early intensification chemotherapy in AML: data from AMLCG.
|
In order to further improve the cure rate in AML we investigated the effect of more chemotherapy--in terms of its intensity and its duration--in 2 studies. In our 1981 study patients received TAD 1-2 courses for induction, 1 course for consolidation and randomly no further treatment or monthly myelosuppressive maintenance for 3 years. Evaluating 213 responders remission duration was clearly longer in the maintenance group with 24% CCR after 5 and 10 years. In our 1985 study the same successful strategy was further intensified by a second induction course given regardless of response to the first course to all patients up to 60 years of age while older patients received standard induction as before. This age-adapted concept resulted in a further increase of 5 years CCR in the 461 responders to as much as 34% not achieved for unselected patients in other multicenter trials. 20 patients receiving auto-BMT in first CR show the same relapse free survival as their counterparts receiving chemotherapy according to the 1985 protocol in a matched-pair analysis. We conclude that both very early intensification and prolonged maintenance contribute to a higher cure rate that is not further improved even by a maximum intensity short-term treatment. The limits of chemotherapy in AML may be overcome by modulating its myelotoxicity and antileukemic potency using GM-CSF as shown in 2 studies of our group.
|
['Acute Disease', 'Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Age Factors', 'Aged', 'Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols', 'Cytarabine', 'Daunorubicin', 'Drug Administration Schedule', 'Humans', 'Leukemia, Myeloid', 'Middle Aged', 'Recurrence', 'Remission Induction', 'Thioguanine']
| 1,578,946
|
[['C23.550.291.125'], ['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E02.183.750.500', 'E02.319.077.500', 'E02.319.310.037'], ['D03.383.742.680.245.453', 'D13.570.065.300', 'D13.570.685.245.453'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.562.050.200', 'D04.615.562.050.200', 'D09.408.051.059.200'], ['E02.319.283'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.557.337.539'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C23.550.291.937'], ['E02.860'], ['D03.633.100.759.854']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
An epidemiological survey of wild caught and domestic born rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) for Anatrichosoma (Nematoda: Trichinellida).
|
A group of wild caught rhesus monkeys and their domestic born infants were examined for Anatrichosoma, a nematode that inhabits the nasal mucosa and subcutaneous tissue of the face, hands, and feet. The diagnosis was made using nasal swabs. Fifty-four percent of the wild caught animals reported positive ina survey taken 3 years earlier were negative based upon results of reexamination, while one animal was found positive that had been reported negative. None of the infants examined had positive samples for Anatrichosoma.
|
['Animals', 'Animals, Wild', 'Female', 'India', 'Macaca', 'Macaca mulatta', 'Male', 'Nematode Infections', 'Trichuroidea']
| 7,343,773
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.050.300'], ['Z01.252.245.393'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.199.120.510'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.199.120.510.550'], ['C01.610.335.508'], ['B01.050.500.500.294.100.275.780']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
|
Outcomes in stage I testicular seminoma: a population-based study of 9193 patients.
|
BACKGROUND: Few studies have quantified temporal patterns of cause-specific mortality in contemporary cohorts of men with early-stage seminoma. Given that several management strategies can be applied in these patients, each resulting in excellent long-term survival, it is important to evaluate associated long-term sequelae. In particular, data describing long-term risks of cardiovascular disease (CVD) are conflicting.METHODS: We identified 9193 men diagnosed with stage I seminoma (ages 15-70 years) in the population-based SEER registries (1973-2001). We calculated survival estimates, standardized mortality ratios (SMRs), and adjusted hazard rates (AHRs).RESULTS: During 121,037 person-years of follow-up (median, 12.3 years), 915 deaths (SMR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.16-1.32) were reported, with significant excesses for suicide (n = 39; SMR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.06-1.98), infection (n = 58; SMR, 2.32; 95% CI, 1.80-3.00), and second malignant neoplasms (SMNs; n = 291; SMR, 1.81; 95% CI, 1.61-2.03), but not CVD (n = 201; SMR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.80-1.05). After radiotherapy (78% patients), CVD deaths were not increased (n = 158; SMR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.76-1.04), in contrast to SMN deaths (n = 246; SMR, 1.89; 95% CI, 1.67-2.14). SMN mortality was higher among patients administered radiotherapy than among those not given radiotherapy (AHR, 1.36; 95% CI, 0.99-1.88; P = .059), with a cumulative 15-year risk of 2.64% (95% CI, 2.19-3.16). Suicide, although rare, accounted for 1 in 230 deaths.CONCLUSIONS: Modern radiotherapy as applied in this large population-based study is not associated with excess CVD mortality. Although increased all-cause mortality exists, cumulative SMN risk is considerably smaller than reported in historical series, but additional follow-up will be required to characterize long-term trends. The increased risk of suicide, previously unreported in men with stage I seminoma, requires confirmation.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Cardiovascular Diseases', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasm Staging', 'Neoplasms, Second Primary', 'Proportional Hazards Models', 'Risk Factors', 'SEER Program', 'Seminoma', 'Testicular Neoplasms', 'Treatment Outcome', 'United States', 'Young Adult']
| 23,633,409
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C14'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.789.625'], ['C04.692'], ['E05.318.740.500.700', 'E05.318.740.600.700', 'E05.318.740.750.725', 'E05.318.740.998.825', 'E05.599.835.900', 'N05.715.360.750.530.650', 'N05.715.360.750.625.650', 'N05.715.360.750.695.650', 'N05.715.360.750.795.825', 'N06.850.520.830.500.700', 'N06.850.520.830.600.700', 'N06.850.520.830.750.725', 'N06.850.520.830.998.912'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['E05.318.308.970.725', 'N04.452.859.819.725', 'N05.715.360.300.715.700.725', 'N06.850.520.308.970.725'], ['C04.557.465.330.800'], ['C04.588.322.762', 'C04.588.945.440.915', 'C12.294.260.937', 'C12.758.409.937', 'C19.344.762', 'C19.391.829.782'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['Z01.107.567.875'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Methods in laboratory investigation. Monoclonal antibodies to type IV collagen: probes for the study of structure and function of basement membranes.
|
Type IV collagen is one of the main constituents of basement membranes, yet it is unknown whether the structural framework at different sites is assembled from one unique type of molecule or whether different type IV collagen molecules exist. To study the composition, chemical identity, and organization of this protein in different organs we have prepared monoclonal antibodies to a type IV collagen preparation from human placenta. Swiss Webster mice were hyperimmunized, and splenic cells were fused with the three different myeloma cell lines SP2/0, NS1, and U1. Type IV collagen-specific hybrids were selected and cloned by limiting dilution and on hard agar. Monoclonal antibodies secreted by two clones were extensively characterized by ELISA-inhibition assay, immunoprecipitation, rotary shadowing, and immunofluorescence techniques. Unlike conventionally raised antibodies in rabbits, both monoclonal antibody reagents show species-specific binding exclusively to native type IV collagen from human placenta but not to a similar preparation from calf lung or to other types of collagen. After heat denaturation of the antigen binding was no longer observed. The M3F7 antibody-binding site is located within the triple helical domain of the type IV molecule, approximately 900 A removed from the amino terminal end as visualized by a metal shadow casting technique. The monoclonal antibody M3F7 precipitates material from pepsin-derived and radiolabeled type IV collagen, and analysis of the polypeptide chains in the immunoprecipitate by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis suggests that two major fragments are contained in the precipitate, which yield polypeptides of about 100 and 50 kilodaltons. After rotary shadowing of antigen-antibody mixtures native collagen fragments of two different size classes that bind antibody are visualized. One fragment is approximately 1500 A in length, and the other measures about 2700 to 3000 A. The localization of the antigenic site on these fragments suggests that both are generated by pepsin cleavage at a site about 900 A removed from the amino terminal end. In immunofluorescence experiments the monoclonal antibodies stained all basement membranes in kidney, lung, placenta, or skin, suggesting that at least the type IV collagen molecule recognized by these monoclonal antibodies is shared by a variety of vascular and epithelial basement membranes.
|
['Antibodies, Monoclonal', 'Antibody Specificity', 'Antibody-Producing Cells', 'Basement Membrane', 'Collagen', 'Humans', 'Hybrid Cells', 'Placenta']
| 6,682,465
|
[['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224'], ['G12.100'], ['A11.063', 'A15.382.032'], ['A10.272.220', 'A10.615.179'], ['D05.750.078.280', 'D12.776.860.300.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A11.251.600'], ['A16.710']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Morphological and cytochemical findings in 150 cases of T-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in adults. German Multicentre ALL Study Group (GMALL).
|
We evaluated the morphological findings in 150 consecutive cases of T-lineage acute lymphocytic leukaemia (T-ALL). Cytochemistry including PAS staining and acid phosphatase reaction proved of limited value for the diagnosis of ALL. The diagnosis of acute leukaemia was easy to establish in most instances. However, in a few cases the leukaemic cells were difficult to recognize as blasts. The nuclei of such cells showed condensed chromatin and nucleoli were lacking, and was encountered particularly in thymic ALL. Basophilic cytoplasm combined with prominent vacuolization suggestive of mature B-ALL (ALL-L3 type), was observed in 16 cases. Other features, however, such as cell size, polymorphism, chromatin structure, sparse cytoplasm or focal positivity for acid phosphatase, excluded a diagnosis of ALL-L3 in those cases. Distinction from hybrid leukaemia was difficult in 20 cases, because of a low percentage of peroxidase-positive blasts or other features which suggested a separate myeloid leukaemia component. In nine of these the hybrid nature of the leukaemia was considered as certain on the basis of morphology. Seven cases had been diagnosed as biphenotypic with coexpression of myeloid and lymphoid markers by immunological techniques. In conclusion, our analysis showed some serious pitfalls of the morphology in T-ALL, clearly indicating the need for immunological analysis of the leukaemic cells. However, morphology remains an essential component of the diagnostic repertoire, especially when the marrow is difficult to aspirate and in cases with equivocal immunological findings. Furthermore, recognition of a separate myeloid leukaemic component in addition to the lymphatic one requires a morphological analysis.
|
['Adult', 'Cell Nucleus', 'Cell Size', 'Cytoplasm', 'Diagnosis, Differential', 'Histocytochemistry', 'Humans', 'Leukemia-Lymphoma, Adult T-Cell', 'Prospective Studies', 'T-Lymphocytes']
| 9,163,604
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['A11.284.430.106', 'A11.284.430.214.190.875.117'], ['G04.325'], ['A11.284.430.214'], ['E01.171'], ['E01.370.225.500.607', 'E01.370.225.750.551', 'E05.200.500.607', 'E05.200.750.551', 'H01.158.100.656.234', 'H01.158.201.344', 'H01.181.122.573'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.557.337.428.580.100', 'C15.604.515.560.575.100', 'C20.683.515.528.582.100'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.569', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Towards the core structure of Strychnos alkaloids using samarium diiodide-induced reactions of indole derivatives.
|
This report describes the development of a first and second generation approach towards the synthesis of the ABCEG pentacyclic core structure of Strychnos alkaloids. First, we discuss a sequential approach applying a series of functional group transformations to prepare suitable precursors for cyclization reactions. These include attempts of samarium diiodide-induced cyclizations or a Barbier-type reaction of a transient lithium organyl, which successfully led to a tetracyclic key building block earlier used for the synthesis of strychnine. Secondly, we account our first steps towards the development of an atom-economical samarium diiodide-induced cascade reaction using "dimeric" indolyl ketones as cyclization precursors. In this context, we discuss plausible mechanisms for the samarium diiodide-induced cascade reaction as well as transformations of the obtained tetracyclic dihydroindoline derivatives.
|
['Alkaloids', 'Cyclization', 'Indoles', 'Iodides', 'Molecular Structure', 'Samarium', 'Strychnos']
| 24,273,006
|
[['D03.132'], ['G02.111.180', 'G02.607.133', 'G03.208'], ['D03.633.100.473'], ['D01.248.497.158.490', 'D01.475.410'], ['G02.111.570', 'G02.466'], ['D01.268.558.362.937', 'D01.552.550.399.937'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.456.875.750']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Analytical evaluation and comparison of Dupont aca lactate dehydrogenase-1 (LD1) isoenzyme assay diagnostic efficiency for acute myocardial infarction detection with other LD1 methods and aca CK-MB. A two-site study.
|
The purpose of this study was to examine the analytical characteristics of a rapid new assay for lactate dehydrogenase 1 (LD1) isoenzyme on the Dupont aca analyzer and the diagnostic efficiency of LD1 for detection of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) when used alone and with creatine kinase MB (CKMB). Total aca LD1 assay precision, with percent coefficients of variation (%CVs) of less than 3.2% from 56 U/L to 469 U/L LD1, across fifty assay days was excellent. Linearity was confirmed from 0 to 332 U/L and no detectable calibration drift was noted from 5 to 489 U/L over a ninety-day period. The aca LD1 results compared well with Roche Isomune-LD1, Abbott Spectrum A-Gent, Helena electrophoresis, and Beckman electrophoresis LD1 methods, giving r's from 0.987 to 0.994, slopes from 0.94 to 1.65, and y-intercepts from -2.95 to 6.94 U/L. Examination of 450 ambulatory subjects, about equally distributed by sex, yielded a 43 +/- 14 U/L aca LD1 patient reference interval. Serum samples from 159 consecutive patients at the University of Tennessee Memorial Hospital and 96 patients at Allentown Hospital, submitted for AMI detection assistance, were assayed in a single-blind study for LD1 and ion-exchange CKMB by Dupont aca methods, which provide automated results in ten minutes whenever needed. The aca LD1 assay yielded a clinical sensitivity of 89% and specificity of 95% for AMI with a decision threshold of 120 U/L. The diagnostic efficiency of the aca LD1 assay was 94% at 120 U/L, which equaled or exceeded that of the three comparative LD1 methods. The predictive value of positive (PV+) and negative (PV-) results on the first sample collected were 80% and 85% for aca LD1, 65% and 90% for aca ion-exchange CKMB, and 83% and 90% when both tests were combined. Significantly, the PV+ and PV- results when two or more samples were assayed was improved to 88% and 95% for aca LD1, relatively constant at 65% and 97% for aca ion-exchange CKMB, and dramatically improved to 95% and 100% when both CKMB and LD1 tests were combined. The results from these two medical centers show that the aca LD1 assay provides useful clinical information for AMI diagnosis when employed alone or in combination with aca CKMB. These results also suggest that LD1 should be included in biochemical evaluations for AMI to attain optimal predictive values of results.
|
['Chromatography, Ion Exchange', 'Creatine Kinase', 'Electrophoresis, Agar Gel', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Isoenzymes', 'L-Lactate Dehydrogenase', 'Male', 'Myocardial Infarction', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Prevalence', 'Reference Values', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Single-Blind Method']
| 8,024,157
|
[['E05.196.181.400.383'], ['D08.811.913.696.640.150'], ['E05.196.401.153', 'E05.301.300.100'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D08.811.348', 'D12.776.800.300'], ['D08.811.682.047.551.400', 'D08.811.682.047.820.493'], ['C14.280.647.500', 'C14.907.585.500', 'C23.550.513.355.750', 'C23.550.717.489.750'], ['E05.318.370.800.650', 'N05.715.360.325.700.640', 'N06.850.520.445.800.650'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['E05.978.810'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['E05.318.370.850', 'N05.715.360.325.730', 'N06.850.520.445.850']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Crystal structure of a Flp recombinase-Holliday junction complex: assembly of an active oligomer by helix swapping.
|
The crystal structure of a Flp recombinase tetramer bound to a Holliday junction intermediate has been determined at 2.65 A resolution. Only one of Flp's two domains, containing the active site, is structurally related to other lambda integrase family site-specific recombinases, such as Cre. The Flp active site differs, however, in that the helix containing the nucleophilic tyrosine is domain swapped, such that it cuts its DNA target in trans. The Flp tetramer displays pseudo four-fold symmetry matching that of the square planar Holliday junction substrate. This tetramer is stabilized by additional novel trans interactions among monomers. The structure illustrates how mechanistic unity is maintained on a chemical level while allowing for substantial variation on the structural level within a family of enzymes.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Base Sequence', 'Binding Sites', 'Crystallography, X-Ray', 'DNA', 'DNA Nucleotidyltransferases', 'Models, Genetic', 'Models, Molecular', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Nucleic Acid Conformation', 'Oligodeoxyribonucleotides', 'Protein Conformation', 'Protein Structure, Secondary', 'Recombination, Genetic']
| 11,090,626
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['G02.111.570.120'], ['E05.196.309.742.225'], ['D13.444.308'], ['D08.811.913.696.445.308'], ['E05.599.395.397'], ['E05.599.595'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G02.111.570.820.486', 'G05.360.580'], ['D13.695.578.424.450'], ['G02.111.570.820.709'], ['G02.111.570.820.709.600'], ['G05.728']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Identification and partial characterization of a Mr 40,000 nucleolar antigen associated with cell proliferation.
|
The present study reports the identification and partial characterization of a novel Mr 40,000 nucleolar antigen (P40) by monoclonal antibodies. Monoclonal antibodies to this protein were obtained when a nucleolar protein extract separated from the immunodominant protein C23 was used to immunize BALB/c mice; 12 hybridoma clones produced antibodies to this protein. P40 was not detected in normal human kidney, liver, and leukocytes but was readily demonstrable in a variety of human malignant tissues. This newly identified P40 antigen differs in its specific nucleolar localization from cyclin (proliferating cell nuclear antigen), a Mr 35,000 antigen which is largely in the nucleoplasm. In addition, cyclin appears in the nucleolus in S-phase; P40 appears in the nucleolus 6 h after refeeding serum-starved HeLa cells.
|
['Animals', 'Antibodies, Monoclonal', 'Antigens, Neoplasm', 'Histocytochemistry', 'Humans', 'Interphase', 'Kidney', 'Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute', 'Leukocytes', 'Liver', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred BALB C', 'Microscopy, Phase-Contrast', 'Molecular Weight', 'Nuclear Proteins', 'Nucleoproteins', 'Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen', 'Ribonucleoproteins']
| 2,879,624
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224'], ['D23.050.285'], ['E01.370.225.500.607', 'E01.370.225.750.551', 'E05.200.500.607', 'E05.200.750.551', 'H01.158.100.656.234', 'H01.158.201.344', 'H01.181.122.573'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G04.144.500'], ['A05.810.453'], ['C04.557.337.539.275'], ['A11.118.637', 'A15.145.229.637', 'A15.382.490'], ['A03.620'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.338', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.338'], ['E01.370.350.515.513.569', 'E05.490.630.569', 'E05.595.513.569'], ['G02.494'], ['D12.776.660'], ['D12.776.664'], ['D12.776.660.740', 'D23.050.290.750', 'D23.101.140.600'], ['D12.776.157.725.500', 'D12.776.664.962.500']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Management of Completion and Total Thyroidectomy Patients Based on 1-Hour Postoperative Parathyroid Hormone.
|
After thyroid surgery, protocols based on postoperative parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels may prevent symptoms of hypocalcemia, while avoiding unnecessary prophylactic calcium and/or vitamin D supplementation. We examined the value of an initial management protocol based solely on a single PTH level measured one hour after completion or total thyroidectomy to prevent symptomatic hypocalcemia by conducting a retrospective review of 697 consecutive patients treated from July 2003 to April 2015. The proportion of patients who developed symptomatic hypocalcemia was similar between those treated before (n = 155) and after (n = 542) implementation of this 1-hour PTH protocol (16.8% vs 15.9%; P = 0.786). Those in the 1-hour PTH groups had lower overnight observation rates (97.4% vs 53.7%; P < 0.001) and length of stay (1.98 ± 2.61 vs 0.89 ± 1.87 days; P < 0.001), and required less calcium (3.9% vs 0.8%; P = 0.015) and vitamin D (2.6% vs 0%; P = 0.002) supplementation one year after surgery. Less than 1 per cent of patients discharged on the day of surgery in accordance with the 1-hour PTH guidelines returned to the emergency room for symptomatic hypocalcemia; none experienced significant morbidity. This protocol facilitates early discharge of low-risk patients and results in a similar or improved postoperative course compared with traditional overnight observation.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'California', 'Cohort Studies', 'Disease Management', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Drug Administration Schedule', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Hospitals, University', 'Humans', 'Hypocalcemia', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Parathyroid Hormone', 'Postoperative Care', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Risk Assessment', 'Thyroidectomy', 'Time Factors', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 27,779,965
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['Z01.107.567.875.580.200', 'Z01.107.567.875.760.200'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['N04.590.607'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['E02.319.283'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['N02.278.020.300.310', 'N02.278.421.639.725'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C18.452.174.509', 'C18.452.950.509'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D06.472.699.590', 'D12.644.548.587'], ['E02.760.731.700', 'E04.604.500', 'N02.421.585.722.700'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.715', 'N04.452.871.715', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.690', 'N06.850.505.715', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.715'], ['E04.270.856'], ['G01.910.857'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
An atypical case of dengue haemorrhagic fever presenting as quadriparesis due to compressive myelopathy.
|
Dengue haemorrhagic fever is a serious presentation of dengue viral infection. Case reports of cerebral haemorrhage due to dengue are rare. The authors report a rare case of dengue haemorrhagic fever presenting with fever and acute onset progressive quadriparesis of the upper motor neuron type. Rare cases of quadriparesis in dengue fever have been reported in the literature due to myositis, Guillain-Barre syndrome, myelitis and hypokalaemia. This case on investigations was found to have extramedullary compression due to haematoma in the cervical region as the cause of quadriparesis.
|
['Adult', 'Cervical Vertebrae', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Quadriplegia', 'Severe Dengue', 'Spinal Cord Compression']
| 22,700,077
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['A02.835.232.834.151'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C10.597.622.760', 'C23.888.592.636.786'], ['C01.920.500.270.200', 'C01.925.081.270.200', 'C01.925.782.350.250.214.200', 'C01.925.782.417.214.200'], ['C10.228.854.761', 'C26.819.678']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Chemopreventive action of Phyllanthus urinaria Linn on DMBA-induced skin carcinogenesis in mice.
|
The inhibition of tumor incidence by hydro-alcoholic extract of the whole plant of P. urinaria was evaluated in 6-7 weeks old female albino mice on two-stage process of skin carcinogenesis induced by a single application of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (50 microg/50 microl of acetone), and 2 weeks later, promoted by repeated application of croton oil (1% in acetone/three times a week) till the end of the experiment (15 weeks). Topical application of the extract at a dose of 5 mg/kg body weight/day for 15 weeks at the peri-initiational stage (i.e., 7 days before and 7 days after DMBA application), promotional stage (i.e., from the time of croton oil application) and both peri and post-initiational stages (i.e., 7 days prior to DMBA application and continued till the end of the experiment) on the shaven backs of the mice recorded a significant reduction in tumor incidence to 50, 33.3 and 16.7% respectively in comparison to the control (i.e., the mice treated with DMBA and croton oil only) where tumor incidence was found to be 81.8%. The average number of papillomas per mouse was also significantly reduced. The results suggest a possible chemopreventive property of P. urinaria against DMBA-induced skin papillomagenesis in mice.
|
['9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene', 'Animals', 'Carcinogens', 'Chemoprevention', 'Croton Oil', 'Female', 'Mice', 'Papilloma', 'Phyllanthus', 'Phytotherapy', 'Plant Extracts', 'Skin Neoplasms']
| 15,332,506
|
[['D02.455.426.559.847.149.301', 'D04.615.149.301'], ['B01.050'], ['D27.888.569.100'], ['E02.319.162'], ['D10.212.507.375', 'D10.627.700.315', 'D20.215.784.750.315'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['C04.557.470.700.600'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.859.797.438.622'], ['E02.190.755'], ['D20.215.784.500', 'D26.667'], ['C04.588.805', 'C17.800.882']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Intensive short-term chemotherapy regimen induces high remission rate (over 90%) and event-free survival both in children and adult patients with advanced sporadic Burkitt lymphoma/leukemia.
|
The optimal treatment of advanced sporadic Burkitt lymphoma in adults is still a matter of debate. The salutary results of pediatric therapies did open the road for improving the adult outcome. Between May 1988 and March 2009, 71 consecutive patients-46 adults, 25 children-affected by Burkitt lymphoma/leukemia were treated with the same intensive pediatric protocol alternating vincristine, adriamycine and fractionated ciclophosphamide (phase A) with high dose methotrexate and high dose cytarabine (phase B) in four Italian institutions. Eighty-nine per cent of patients were in Stage III-IV or had L3 leukemia. Complete remissions were 67/71 (94.4%), 24/25 (96%) in children, and 43/46 (93.5%) in adults. Toxic deaths were 3/71 (4.2%), all in adults. There were nine relapses (one in children, eight in adults), all but one observed early. After a median observation of 94 months (range 23-275), the Event-Free Survival rate is 92% in children and 71.7% in adults (P = 0.067). The 23 more recent adults received also rituximab, without differences in outcome as compared to patients who did not. Our experience confirms that such an intensive pediatric-derived chemotherapy is feasible and improves the long-term outcome of adults with advanced Burkitt lymphoma.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived', 'Antineoplastic Agents', 'Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols', 'Burkitt Lymphoma', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Disease-Free Survival', 'Female', 'Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasm Staging', 'Remission Induction', 'Rituximab', 'Time Factors', 'Transplantation, Homologous', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Young Adult']
| 22,086,870
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224.075', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224.075', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224.284'], ['D27.505.954.248'], ['E02.183.750.500', 'E02.319.077.500', 'E02.319.310.037'], ['C01.925.256.466.313.165', 'C01.925.928.313.165', 'C04.557.386.480.150.165', 'C15.604.515.569.480.150.165', 'C20.683.515.761.480.150.165'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['E01.789.800.190', 'E05.318.740.998.300', 'N04.761.559.590.800.190', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800.190', 'N05.715.360.750.795.300', 'N06.850.520.830.998.300'], ['E02.095.147.500.500.500', 'E04.936.225.687.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.789.625'], ['E02.860'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224.075.785', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224.075.785', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224.284.785'], ['G01.910.857'], ['E04.936.864'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
A novel electrode with electromagnetic tip tracking in ultrasonography-guided radiofrequency ablation: a phantom, ex vivo, and in vivo experimental study.
|
OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to compare the targeting and ablation performance between a newly developed radiofrequency (RF) electrode embedded with an electromagnetic position sensor (EMPS) at the electrode tip and a conventional RF electrode.MATERIALS AND METHODS: The institutional animal care and use committee approved this study. The targeting of paint balls within phantoms was performed under ultrasonography guidance by 2 radiologists (beginner vs expert) with an "in-plane" and "out-of-plane" approaches using the new RF electrode and a conventional RF electrode (n = 20 for each method). To evaluate the targeting performance, the electrode placement time and the number of electrode pullbacks for redirection were compared between the 2 electrodes. The ablation performance was also compared by analyzing the ablation volumes in ex vivo bovine and in vivo porcine livers (n = 30 and n = 24, respectively) and the cellular viability of the ablation zone in in vivo specimens.RESULTS: In the phantom study, the RF electrode embedded with an EMPS showed a significantly shorter electrode placement time compared with the conventional RF electrode in both the in-plane and out-of-plane approaches by both radiologists (P < 0.05). The electrode pullback rate for both radiologists was lower in the new RF electrode than in the conventional RF electrode, but it did not reach statistical significance in the in-plane approach by the expert (P = 0.059). The ablation volumes analyzed with and without cellular viability in the ex vivo and in vivo studies were not significantly different between the 2 electrodes (P > 0.05).CONCLUSIONS: The RF electrode embedded with an EMPS is faster than the conventional electrode in the electrode placement into the target lesions. The ablation performance is not significantly different between the 2 electrodes.
|
['Animals', 'Catheter Ablation', 'Cattle', 'Electromagnetic Fields', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Liver', 'Magnetics', 'Phantoms, Imaging', 'Surgery, Computer-Assisted', 'Ultrasonography']
| 25,360,604
|
[['B01.050'], ['E02.808.750.500', 'E04.014.760.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['G01.358.500.260', 'G01.358.750.500'], ['E05.481'], ['A03.620'], ['H01.671.493'], ['E07.671'], ['E04.749'], ['E01.370.350.850']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Spontaneous fractures in custom-made porous hydroxyapatite cranioplasty implants: is fragility the only culprit?
|
BACKGROUND: Although the porous hydroxyapatite (PHA) used in custom-made cranioplasty implants is a material appreciated for its biomimetic properties, before osteointegration it is initially very fragile. Nevertheless, we wondered whether this primary fragility is entirely due to brittleness or whether the surgeon's actions may influence the behavior of the material.METHODS: To study the influence of the surgeon's behavior, we made a virtual model of a custom-made PHA cranioplasty implant and submitted it to three implant procedural variables using finite element methods. In the first test, a scenario in which the surgeon's design, validation, and positioning techniques are impeccable, the edges of the implant adhered well to the craniectomy margins. In the second test, a discrepancy between a portion of the perimeter of the craniectomy and the profile of the prosthesis was modeled, and in the third test, several gaps were simulated between the implant and the craniectomy margins.RESULTS: Our mathematical model showed that when local and general discontinuities were included in the test scenarios, there was an increase in the load coming to bear on the cranioplasty implant, which amounted to 80 and 50 %, respectively.CONCLUSIONS: The fragility of custom-made PHA cranioplasty implants increases if the surgeon fails to achieve a precise design and validation, and/or an accurate surgical procedure. Nevertheless, careful attention during these phases helps to maintain the strength of the implant, given the more favorable mechanical conditions, without interfering with its biomimetic capacity.
|
['Computer Simulation', 'Durapatite', 'Humans', 'Models, Biological', 'Prostheses and Implants', 'Prosthesis Failure', 'Skull']
| 25,588,747
|
[['L01.224.160'], ['D01.029.260.700.675.374.075.025.300.150', 'D01.146.360.050.300.200', 'D01.578.122.477.300', 'D01.695.625.675.650.075.025.300.150'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.599.395'], ['E07.695'], ['C23.550.767.865', 'E05.325.771'], ['A02.835.232.781']]
|
['Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Mediated amperometric immunosensing using single walled carbon nanotube forests.
|
A prototype amperometric immunosensor was evaluated based on the adsorption of antibodies onto perpendicularly oriented assemblies of single wall carbon nanotubes called SWNT forests. The forests were self-assembled from oxidatively shortened SWNTs onto Nafion/iron oxide coated pyrolytic graphite electrodes. The nanotube forests were characterized using atomic force microscopy and resonance Raman spectroscopy. Anti-biotin antibody strongly adsorbed to the SWNT forests. In the presence of a soluble mediator, the detection limit for horseradish peroxidase (HRP) labeled biotin was 2.5 pmol ml(-1) (2.5 nM). Unlabelled biotin was detected in a competitive approach with a detection limit of 16 nmol ml(-1) (16 microM) and a relative standard deviation of 12%. The immunosensor showed low non-specific adsorption of biotin-HRP (approx. 0.1%) when blocked with bovine serum albumin. This immunosensing approach using high surface area, patternable, conductive SWNT assemblies may eventually prove useful for nano-biosensing arrays.
|
['Adsorption', 'Animals', 'Antibodies', 'Biosensing Techniques', 'Electrochemistry', 'Microchemistry', 'Microscopy, Atomic Force', 'Nanotubes, Carbon', 'Spectrum Analysis, Raman']
| 15,565,214
|
[['G01.030', 'G02.020'], ['B01.050'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114'], ['E05.601.043'], ['H01.181.529.307'], ['E05.196.620', 'H01.181.650'], ['E01.370.350.515.666.400', 'E05.595.666.400'], ['D01.268.150.250.500', 'J01.637.512.850.500'], ['E05.196.822.860', 'E05.196.867.890']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptors and the control of levels of prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 by arachidonic acid in the bovine uterus.
|
Arachidonic acid is a potential paracrine agent released by the uterine endometrial epithelium to induce PTGS2 [PG (prostaglandin)-endoperoxide synthase 2] in the stroma. In the present study, bovine endometrial stromal cells were used to determine whether PTGS2 is induced by arachidonic acid in stromal cells, and to investigate the potential role of PPARs (peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptors) in this effect. Arachidonic acid increased PTGS2 levels up to 7.5-fold within 6 h. The cells expressed PPARalpha and PPARdelta (also known as PPARbeta) (but not PPARgamma). PTGS2 protein level was increased by PPAR agonists, including polyunsaturated fatty acids, synthetic PPAR ligands, PGA1 and NSAIDs (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) with a time course resembling that of arachidonic acid. Use of agonists and antagonists indicated PPARalpha (but not PPARdelta or PPARgamma) was responsible for PTGS2 induction. PTGS2 induction by arachidonic acid did not require PG synthesis. PTGS2 levels were increased by the PKC (protein kinase C) activators 4beta-PMA and PGF(2alpha), and the effects of arachidonic acid, NSAIDs, synthetic PPAR ligands and 4beta-PMA were blocked by PKC inhibitors. This is consistent with PPAR phosphorylation by PKC. Induction of PTGS2 protein by 4beta-PMA in the absence of a PPAR ligand was decreased by the NF-kappaB (nuclear factor kappaB) inhibitors MG132 and parthenolide, suggesting that PKC acted through NF-kappaB in addition to PPAR phosphorylation. Use of NF-kappaB inhibitors allowed the action of arachidonic acid as a PPAR agonist to be dissociated from an effect through PKC. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that arachidonic acid acts via PPARalpha to increase PTGS2 levels in bovine endometrial stromal cells.
|
['Animals', 'Arachidonic Acid', 'Cattle', 'Cyclooxygenase 2', 'Enzyme Induction', 'Female', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Isoenzymes', 'Models, Biological', 'PPAR alpha', 'PPAR delta', 'PPAR gamma', 'Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors', 'Prostaglandins', 'Protein Kinase C', 'Uterus']
| 17,516,915
|
[['B01.050'], ['D10.251.355.255.100.100', 'D10.251.355.310.166.100'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['D08.811.600.720.750'], ['G05.308.320.200'], ['G05.308'], ['D08.811.348', 'D12.776.800.300'], ['E05.599.395'], ['D12.776.826.239.500'], ['D12.776.826.239.555'], ['D12.776.826.239.588'], ['D12.776.826.239', 'D12.776.930.705'], ['D10.251.355.255.550', 'D23.469.050.175.725'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.725'], ['A05.360.319.679']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Increased apoptosis of motoneurons and altered somatotopic maps in the brachial spinal cord of Hoxc-8-deficient mice.
|
Mice deficient for the homeotic gene Hoxc-8 suffer from a congenital prehension deficiency of the forepaw. During embryogenesis, Hoxc-8 is highly expressed in motoneurons within spinal cord segments C7 to T1. These motoneurons innervate forelimb distal muscles that move the forepaw. In Hoxc-8 mutant embryos, formation of these muscles is normal, but their innervation is perturbed. From E13.5 onwards, distal muscles normally supplied by C(7-8) MNs also receive ectopic projections from C(5-6) and T1 motoneurons. Coordinates of motor pools are altered along the rostrocaudal and also the mediolateral axes. Following this aberrant connectivity pattern and during the time of naturally occurring cell death, apoptosis is specifically enhanced in C7-T1 motoneurons. Loss of Hox-encoded regional specifications subsequently leads to a numerical deficit of motoneurons and an irreversible disorganization of motor pools. In Hoxc-8 null mutants, C(7-8) motoneurons lose their selective advantage in growth cone pathfinding behavior and/or target recognition, two essential steps in the establishment and maintenance of a functional nervous system.
|
['Animals', 'Apoptosis', 'Central Nervous System', 'Crosses, Genetic', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Foot', 'Forelimb', 'Hand Strength', 'Homeodomain Proteins', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred DBA', 'Mice, Neurologic Mutants', 'Motor Neurons', 'Muscle, Skeletal', 'Neuromuscular Diseases', 'Phenotype', 'Recombinant Fusion Proteins', 'Spinal Cord']
| 9,486,801
|
[['B01.050'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['A08.186'], ['E05.393.281'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['A01.378.610.250'], ['A13.395'], ['E01.370.600.425.500', 'G11.427.560.500'], ['D12.776.260.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.480'], ['A08.675.655.500', 'A11.671.655.500'], ['A02.633.567', 'A10.690.552.500'], ['C10.668'], ['G05.695'], ['D12.776.828.300'], ['A08.186.854']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Preliminary report on some clinical and biochemical observations in patients treated with Bilharcid.
|
Tartar emetic (potassium antimony tartrate) has been used since a long time as the drug of choice for the treatment of Bilharziasis in Egypt. This drug, though effective, has severe side effects. A newly synthesized trivalent antimony preparation (piperazine di-antimonyl tratrate) Bilharcid, has proved in animal experiments to be less toxic, more effective, and having little side effects. The drug was tried in various schemes on various age groups of patients infected with S. haematobium. Control cases were treated with tartar emetic. Urine analysis was done for the detection of living or dead ova before and after treatment. E.C.G., alkaline phosphatase, serum transaminase, lactic dehydrogenase, and urea tests were done before and after treatment. Follow up studies were recorded for three months after treatment. Results are presented in the full text.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Animals', 'Antimony', 'Antimony Potassium Tartrate', 'Child', 'Drug Administration Schedule', 'Drug Evaluation', 'Egypt', 'Haplorhini', 'Heart', 'Humans', 'Liver', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Piperazines', 'Schistosomiasis', 'Schistosomicides', 'Urea', 'Urinary Tract Infections']
| 810,341
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['B01.050'], ['D01.268.513.124', 'D01.268.556.050', 'D01.552.544.050'], ['D02.121'], ['M01.060.406'], ['E02.319.283'], ['E05.290.625', 'E05.337.425'], ['Z01.058.266.317'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400'], ['A07.541'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A03.620'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['D03.383.606'], ['C01.610.335.865.859', 'C01.920.922'], ['D27.505.954.122.250.075.100.750'], ['D02.065.950'], ['C01.915', 'C12.777.892', 'C13.351.968.892']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
|
Sodium azide-induced mutagenesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
|
Sodium azide (0.5--2.0 X 10(-5) M), applied for 24 h on cells growing in complete medium, increased up to 26 times the frequency of reversions and locus-specific suppressor mutations of allele ilv1-92 in diploid strain D7 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Similarly, it enhanced the frequency of reversions and/or mitotic gene conversions of alleles trp5-12/trp5-27 up to 19 times. Reconstruction experiments showed that the increase of mutations in complete medium was not due to a selection of prototrophic types under growth conditions and, therefore, that sodium azide acts as a weak mutagen in S. cerevisiae under growth conditions at a low pH. No mutagenic or convertogenic effect was observed when azide was applied to resting cells in buffer at pH 4.2.
|
['Azides', 'Culture Media', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Mutagens', 'Mutation', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae']
| 39,251
|
[]
|
[]
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Gait changes in elderly people].
|
Age-associated changes in gait produce a decrease in walking velocity, predominantly caused by a reduction in the length of the step and to a lesser degree in cadence. The length of the step becomes shorter because of impaired balance, diminished muscle strength and muscle contractures that decrease the joint range of motion. Impairment of the quality of their gait is a major risk factor for falls in the elderly with subsequent minor or major injuries. Age-related changes in gait of elderly people must be taken into account when planning orthopedic surgical procedures and applying orthopedic devices such as orthoses and lower extremity prostheses. Exercise programs to maintain and improve muscle strength, equilibrium reactions as well as neuromotor coordination have proved effective in postponing and correcting age-related gait instability and in increasing walking velocity as well as mobility in daily life.
|
['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Aging', 'Exercise Therapy', 'Female', 'Gait', 'Humans', 'Joint Prosthesis', 'Male', 'Muscle Contraction', 'Orthotic Devices', 'Postural Balance']
| 8,134,099
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['G07.345.124'], ['E02.760.169.063.500.387', 'E02.779.483', 'E02.831.535.483'], ['E01.370.600.250', 'G11.427.410.568.900.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E07.695.400'], ['G11.427.494'], ['E07.858.442.743'], ['F02.830.816.541.752', 'G07.888.750.500', 'G11.427.690', 'G11.561.790.541.595']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Descriptive terms for women attending antenatal clinics: mother knows best?
|
OBJECTIVE: To determine the noun for 'women who attend antenatal clinics' that is most accepted by the women themselves.DESIGN: Cross sectional study.SETTING: Consultant-led antenatal clinics in Cornwall.POPULATION: All women attending consultant-led antenatal clinics over a two-month period.METHODS: The women were surveyed by written questionnaire.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The first, second and third choices of descriptions offered to women attending antenatal clinics. Secondary outcome measures include the relation of maternal age, gestation, civil status, occupation and obstetric history to the individual's choice of description.RESULTS: Questionnaires were received from 446 women, constituting 13% of the antenatal population of Cornwall. Their median age was 28 years and median gestation 22 weeks; 255 (57%) had one or more children and 289 (65%) were married. The most popular choice of description was 'patient' (39% of first choices made), whereas the most accepted description was 'pregnant woman' (26% of totalled second and third choices). While women who selected 'patient' as first choice were slightly younger (mean 27.5 years) than the remaining women (mean 28.4 years), the choice of 'pregnant woman' was not related to any of the other recorded characteristics of the respondents. Commercial terms that consistently were selected least included 'client', 'consumer' and 'customer'.CONCLUSION: Some professional bodies and government organisations have criticised the use of the term 'patient' to describe antenatal women. In this, the largest study to investigate what the women themselves would choose, 'patient' is the most favoured term.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Attitude to Health', 'Cohort Studies', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Pregnancy', 'Prenatal Care', 'Terminology as Topic']
| 11,028,573
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['F01.100.150', 'N05.300.150'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['E02.760.786', 'N02.421.143.620.704', 'N02.421.585.786'], ['L01.559.598.400']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Using quantitative acid-base analysis in the ICU.
|
The quantitative acid-base 'Strong Ion' calculator is a practical application of quantitative acid-base chemistry, as developed by Peter Stewart and Peter Constable. It quantifies the three independent factors that control acidity, calculates the concentration and charge of unmeasured ions, produces a report based on these calculations and displays a Gamblegram depicting measured ionic species. Used together with the medical history, quantitative acid-base analysis has advantages over traditional approaches.
|
['Acid-Base Equilibrium', 'Acid-Base Imbalance', 'Acute Kidney Injury', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Algorithms', 'Child', 'Diabetic Ketoacidosis', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Intensive Care Units', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Rhabdomyolysis', 'Status Asthmaticus']
| 16,536,715
|
[['G02.111.007', 'G02.300.176', 'G03.030', 'G07.410.110', 'G09.188.050'], ['C18.452.076'], ['C12.777.419.780.050', 'C13.351.968.419.780.050'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['M01.060.406'], ['C18.452.076.176.652.500', 'C18.452.394.750.535', 'C19.246.099.812'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N02.278.388.493'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C05.651.807'], ['C08.127.108.880', 'C08.674.095.880', 'C20.543.480.680.095.880']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
[Posterior cranial fossa tumours as a cause of sudden hearing deterioration and/or vertigo].
|
INTRODUCTION: The aim of the work was to analyse sudden deterioration of hearing and/or vertigo occurrence as an early symptom of posterior cranial fossa tumours.MATERIAL AND METHODS: Among 1.394 people who reported vertigo and hearing impairment and were hospitalised at the Department of Otolaryngology and Laryngological Oncology Military Teaching Hospital in Lodz within the years of 2007-2010 twenty-seven patients were analysed. This group included 19 women aged 20-80 (mean age 45.7 years) and 8 men aged 25-73 (mean age 54.0 years) who had posterior cranial fossa tumours diagnosed on the basis of MRI. Each patient underwent a detailed interview, otorhinolaryngological and otoneurological examinations, pure tone, speech and impedance audiometry, suprathreshold tests (SISI, TDT), tinnitus pitch and frequency evaluation, auditory brainstem response (ABR), complete videonystagmography.RESULTS: The studied material revealed: acoustic neuroma in 15 patients, cerebellar meningioma in 5 patients, cerebellar cyst in 4 patients and cerebellar angioma in 3 patients. Sudden vertigo was present in 27 patients, including mixed-type vertigo in 15 cases and central vertigo in 12 cases. In 19 patients dizziness was accompanied by tinnitus. In 22 patients hearing disorders were diagnosed in a form of: sensorineural hearing loss in 14 subjects, bilateral in 7 subjects, left-lateral in 5 subjects and right-lateral in 2 subjects respectively, as well as deafness in 8 patients, including left ear deafness in 5 cases, right ear deafness in 1 case and bilateral deafness in 2 cases (7.4%).CONCLUSIONS: The early phase diagnosis of a posterior cranial fossa tumour as a cause of sudden hearing deterioration and/or vertigo is very seldom and often accidental because GPs, also otolaryngologists, who follow routine and economy, are not used to referring given patients for complete and objective audiological, otoneurological and imaging diagnostics.
|
['Acoustic Impedance Tests', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Auditory Threshold', 'Cerebral Ventricle Neoplasms', 'Cranial Fossa, Posterior', 'Female', 'Hearing Loss, Sensorineural', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Poland', 'Severity of Illness Index', 'Tinnitus', 'Vertigo', 'Young Adult']
| 22,000,258
|
[['E01.370.382.375.050'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['F02.463.593.071.173', 'F02.463.593.710.190', 'G07.888.125.173'], ['C04.588.614.250.195.205', 'C10.228.140.211.280', 'C10.551.240.250.200'], ['A01.456.830.200', 'A02.835.232.781.750.400'], ['C09.218.458.341.887', 'C10.597.751.418.341.887', 'C23.888.592.763.393.341.887'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['Z01.542.248.679'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475.456.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.364.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.364.500'], ['C09.218.458.670', 'C10.597.751.418.670', 'C23.888.592.763.393.670'], ['C09.218.568.900.883', 'C10.597.951', 'C23.888.592.958'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
[Importance of moulds in the morphogenesis of pulmonary changes in chronic infantile granulomatosis].
|
A brief clinical and a rather detailed histological decription is given of three male siblings suffering from chronic granulomatosis. Two types of granulomas were indentified. One of them occurring extrapulmonally resembled the specific tuberculous granuloma with caseation, but tuberculous bacilli not demonstrated. The other type of granuloma was found in the lungs and was composed of a leucocytic core surrounded by an epithelioid cellular rim containing giant cells. In all the three cases such granulomas were shown to contain mould filaments of the aspergillus type.
|
['Adult', 'Aspergillosis', 'Child', 'Female', 'Granulomatous Disease, Chronic', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Lung Diseases, Fungal', 'Male', 'Phagocyte Bactericidal Dysfunction', 'Sex Factors']
| 1,212,702
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['C01.150.703.080'], ['M01.060.406'], ['C15.378.553.774.535', 'C16.320.322.233', 'C20.673.774.535'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['C01.150.703.534', 'C01.748.435', 'C08.381.472', 'C08.730.435'], ['C15.378.553.774', 'C20.673.774'], ['N05.715.350.675', 'N06.850.490.875']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Effects of physical exercise on liver ATP levels in fasted and phosphate-injected rats.
|
The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of exercise (30 min, 23 m/min, 0% grade) on the hepatic levels of ATP in fasted adrenodemedullated rats, with an intraperitoneal injection of sodium phosphate (Na (2) PO (4 ), 0.91 mM) or saline (NaCl). Sodium phosphate was injected to determine if the postulated decrease in liver ATP during exercise may be changed by providing an excess of phosphate. At the end of exercise, a piece of liver was rapidly freeze clamped and used for the enzymatic determination of ATP levels. Liver ATP, in saline-injected rats, was significantly (P < 0.05) decreased by fasting, compared to fed rats (𝒳 +/- SE: 3. 21 +/- 0.2 vs 2.86+/- 0.2 micromol/g). Exercise in fasted rats decreased even more the ATP response in liver (2.58 +/- 0.14 micromol/g). Injection of Na (2) PO (4) did not significantly (P > 0. 05) alter the pattern of ATP response following these 3 conditions (3.35 +/- 0.14 vs 3.0 +/-0.12 vs 2.57 +/- 0.1 micromol/g), ATP levels being significantly (P <0.05) decreased by the fast and the exercise in the fasted state. Fasting and exercise resulted in a significant (P < 0.05) decrease in liver glycogen and plasma glucose concentrations and an increase in free fatty acid levels in both NaCl- and Na (2 )PO (4) -injected groups. In both injection conditions, beta-hydroxybutyrate and peripheral insulin concentrations were respectively, increased and decreased (P < 0.05) by fasting, while norepinephrine and portal glucagon were decreased (P > 0.05) following exercise. The main effect of the injection of Na ( 2) PO (4) was a stimulation (P < 0.05) of peripheral glucagon response following exercise. It is concluded that exercise results in a decrease in liver ATP levels even in fasted rats and that this decrease is not corrected by Na (2 )PO( 4) administration. The decreased liver ATP levels might be involved in the metabolic adaptations to exercise.
|
['Adenosine Triphosphate', 'Adrenal Medulla', 'Animals', 'Blood Glucose', 'Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'Epinephrine', 'Fasting', 'Glucagon', 'Hepatic Veins', 'Insulin', 'Lactic Acid', 'Liver', 'Liver Glycogen', 'Male', 'Norepinephrine', 'Phosphates', 'Physical Conditioning, Animal', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Triglycerides']
| 10,916,167
|
[['D03.633.100.759.646.138.236', 'D13.695.667.138.236', 'D13.695.827.068.236'], ['A06.300.071.265'], ['B01.050'], ['D09.947.875.359.448.500'], ['E05.196.181.400.300'], ['D02.033.100.291.310', 'D02.092.063.291.310', 'D02.092.211.215.454', 'D02.092.311.461', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.175.461'], ['F01.145.407.400', 'G07.203.650.240.587', 'G07.203.650.353.400'], ['D06.472.699.587.730.500', 'D12.644.548.586.730.500'], ['A07.015.908.380'], ['D06.472.699.587.200.500.625', 'D12.644.548.586.200.500.625'], ['D02.241.511.459.450'], ['A03.620'], ['D05.750.078.562.388.518', 'D09.698.365.388.518'], ['D02.033.100.291.502', 'D02.092.063.480', 'D02.092.211.215.746', 'D02.092.311.830', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.175.830'], ['D01.029.260.700.675.374', 'D01.248.497.158.730', 'D01.695.625.675.650'], ['G11.427.410.698.277.280'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['D10.351.801']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Participating or not in a cardiac rehabilitation programme: factors influencing a patient's decision.
|
BACKGROUND: International research indicates that attendance of patients to a proposed cardiac rehabilitation (CR) programme varies between 21% and 75%. Addressing the reasons why cardiac patients are not participating will improve accessibility to CR. The objective of this study was to investigate patient compliance with cardiac rehabilitation and the reasons of refusing or abandoning the programme.METHODS: Twenty hospital centres were recruited to participate. Each centre was asked to recruit patients from three patient groups, namely: percutaneous coronary intervention patients, patients that underwent major cardiac surgery, and patients being admitted because of an acute myocardial infarction and not belonging to the other two groups. Patients were asked to fill out a questionnaire during a follow-up outpatient consultation after the cardiac intervention.RESULTS: In total, 226 patients participated in the survey. Most patients were proposed (86%) and accepted (81% out of proposed) to attend a CR programme. Of those who accepted, 77% completed the programme. The main reasons that led to patients' refusal to participate in a CR programme were distance to the CR centre, patients' belief they could handle their own problems, and lack of time. The main three reasons for not completing an initiated CR programme were other physical problems, patients' belief they could handle their own problems, and the cost of rehabilitation.CONCLUSION: Our findings demonstrate the importance of raising patients' awareness of the benefits of CR. Addressing potential barriers to attend a CR programme should be investigated with patients individually in order to ensure compliance.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Awareness', 'Belgium', 'Cardiac Surgical Procedures', 'Culture', 'Female', 'Health Care Costs', 'Health Care Surveys', 'Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice', 'Health Services Accessibility', 'Heart Diseases', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Patient Compliance', 'Patient Dropouts', 'Patient Participation', 'Perception', 'Percutaneous Coronary Intervention', 'Refusal to Participate', 'Risk Factors', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Time Factors', 'Treatment Refusal']
| 22,345,682
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['F02.463.188.150'], ['Z01.542.115'], ['E04.100.376', 'E04.928.220'], ['I01.076.201.450', 'I01.880.853.100'], ['N03.219.151.400', 'N05.300.375'], ['E05.318.308.980.344', 'N03.349.380.210', 'N05.425.210', 'N05.715.360.300.800.344', 'N06.850.520.308.980.344'], ['F01.100.150.500', 'N05.300.150.410'], ['N04.590.374.350', 'N05.300.430'], ['C14.280'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['F01.100.150.750.500.600', 'F01.145.488.887.500.600', 'N05.300.150.800.500.600'], ['F01.100.150.750.500.610', 'F01.145.488.887.500.610', 'N05.300.150.800.500.610'], ['F01.100.150.750.500.620', 'F01.145.488.887.500.620', 'N02.421.143.212.300', 'N03.540.245.360.300', 'N05.300.150.800.500.620'], ['F02.463.593'], ['E04.100.814.529.968', 'E04.502.382.968'], ['F02.463.785.373.476.850'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['G01.910.857'], ['F01.100.150.750.750', 'F01.145.488.887.750', 'I01.880.604.473.650.968', 'N03.706.437.650.875', 'N05.300.150.800.750']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
The third biannual winter workshop on schizophrenia. Schladming, Austria, Jan 26-31, 1986.
|
The following general principles seem to summarize the emphasis that was evident from the several days of multiple presentations and discussions. The need exists to continue to develop improvements in the tools applicable to research in psychiatry, both clinical and biological "instruments" that are both sensitive and specific to the questions asked. New molecular genetic technology has already been used to explore genetic susceptibility hypotheses, as well as novel viral associations. Imaging of brain receptor kinetics in vivo is in progress. Improvements in structured clinical rating scales for quantifying changes in biologically important clusters of symptoms (eg, negative vs positive symptoms) or the defining of prodromal symptoms that lead to relapse are critical to progress in etiological and treatment research. A genetic factor or factors for schizophrenia exist, although whether a "familial" type defines only a subgroup of schizophrenia is controversial. The relative importance of genetic vs environmental variables, and whether there is genetic and environmental heterogeneity, continue to be debated. The most important epidemiological data, the seasonality of birth, and the controversial question of geographical variation in prevalence can be clues to the etiology of schizophrenia and are presently being clarified. The pursuit of new treatments and modifications of present conventional treatments to increase the percentage of patients recovering from psychotic illnesses or lead to more complete recovery states is always of prime importance. An emphasis on clarifying the dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia with PET continues to be at the forefront of psychiatric research. A focus on patients in a first episode of schizophrenia can clarify major issues.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
|
['Humans', 'Research', 'Schizophrenia']
| 3,718,172
|
[['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['H01.770.644'], ['F03.700.750']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Apoptosis and morphological alterations after UVA irradiation in red blood cells of p53 deficient Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes).
|
Morphological alterations in red blood cells were described as hematological bioindicators of UVA exposure to investigate the sensitivity to UVA in wild type Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) and a p53 deficient mutant. The fewer abnormal red blood cells were observed in the p53 mutant fish under the control conditions. After exposure to different doses of UVA radiation (15min, 30min and 60min/day for 3days), cellular and nuclear alterations in red blood cells were analyzed in the UVA exposed fish compared with non-exposed controls and those alterations included acanthocytes, cell membrane lysis, swollen cells, teardrop-like cell, hemolyzed cells and sickle cells. Those alterations were increased after the UVA exposure both in wild type and the p53 deficient fish. Moreover, apoptosis analyzed by acridine orange assay showed increased number of apoptosis in red blood cells at the higher UVA exposure dose. No micronuclei but nuclear abnormalities as eccentric nucleus, nuclear budding, deformed nucleus, and bilobed nucleus were observed in each group. These results suggested that UVA exposure induced both p53 dependent and independent apoptosis and morphological alterations in red blood cells but less sensitive to UVA than Wild type in medaka fish.
|
['Animals', 'Apoptosis', 'Erythrocytes', 'Fish Proteins', 'Microscopy', 'Oryzias', 'Tumor Suppressor Protein p53', 'Ultraviolet Rays']
| 27,203,565
|
[['B01.050'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['A11.118.290', 'A11.443.240', 'A15.145.229.334'], ['D12.776.325'], ['E01.370.350.515', 'E05.595', 'H01.671.617.562'], ['B01.050.150.900.493.850.139.650'], ['D12.776.157.687.650', 'D12.776.260.820', 'D12.776.624.776.775', 'D12.776.660.720.650', 'D12.776.744.845'], ['G01.358.500.505.650.891', 'G01.590.540.891', 'G01.750.250.650.891', 'G01.750.750.659', 'G01.750.770.578.891', 'G16.500.275.063.725.525.600', 'G16.500.750.775.525.600', 'N06.230.300.100.725.525.600']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Direct interaction of Na-azide with the KATP channel.
|
1. The effects of the metabolic inhibitor sodium azide were tested on excised macropatches from Xenopus oocytes expressing cloned ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels of the Kir6.2/SUR1 type. 2. In inside-out patches from oocytes expressing Kir6.2 delta C36 (a truncated form of Kir6.2 that expresses in the absence of SUR), intracellular Na-azide inhibited macroscopic currents with an IC50 of 11 mM. The inhibitory effect of Na-azide was mimicked by the same concentration of NaCl, but not by sucrose. 3. Na-azide and NaCl blocked Kir6.2/SUR1 currents with IC50 of 36 mM and 19 mM, respectively. Inhibition was abolished in the absence of intracellular Mg2+. In contrast, Kir6.2 delta C36 currents were inhibited by Na-azide both in the presence or absence of intracellular Mg2+. 4. Kir6.2/SUR1 currents were less sensitive to 3 mM Na-azide in the presence of MgATP. This apparent reduction in sensitivity is caused by a small activatory effect of Na-azide conferred by SUR. 5. We conclude that, in addition to its well-established inhibitory effect on cellular metabolism, which leads to activation of KATP channels in intact cells, intracellular Na-azide has direct effects on the KATP channel. Inhibition is intrinsic to Kir6.2, is mediated by Na+, and is modulated by SUR. There is also a small, ATP-dependent, stimulatory effect of Na-azide mediated by the SUR subunit. The direct effects of 3 mM Na-azide on KATP channels are negligible in comparison to the metabolic activation produced by the same Na-azide concentration.
|
['Adenosine Triphosphate', 'Animals', 'Enzyme Inhibitors', 'Female', 'Glycosyltransferases', 'Membrane Proteins', 'Mice', 'Potassium Channels', 'Rats', 'Receptors, Immunologic', 'Receptors, KIR', 'Repressor Proteins', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins', 'Sodium Azide', 'Sodium Chloride', 'Xenopus laevis']
| 11,082,117
|
[['D03.633.100.759.646.138.236', 'D13.695.667.138.236', 'D13.695.827.068.236'], ['B01.050'], ['D27.505.519.389'], ['D08.811.913.400'], ['D12.776.543'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['D12.776.157.530.400.600', 'D12.776.543.550.450.750', 'D12.776.543.585.400.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['D12.776.543.750.705'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.895.500'], ['D12.776.260.703', 'D12.776.930.780'], ['D12.776.354.750'], ['D01.625.100.750', 'D01.857.462'], ['D01.210.450.150.875', 'D01.857.650'], ['B01.050.150.900.090.180.610.500.562']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Comparison of the cognitive effects of tiagabine and carbamazepine as monotherapy in newly diagnosed adult patients with partial epilepsy: pooled analysis of two long-term, randomized, follow-up studies.
|
PURPOSE: Patients with epilepsy are at greater risk for cognitive impairment than are age- and education-matched controls. Cognitive decline is a significant adverse event associated with many first-generation anticonvulsant drugs (AEDs); however, the past decade has seen the introduction of several new AEDs with more-favorable cognitive profiles. Tiagabine (TGB) is indicated as adjunctive therapy for the treatment of partial seizures. The cognitive effects of TGB and carbamazepine (CBZ) monotherapy were evaluated in adult epilepsy patients with partial seizures.METHODS: This analysis pooled data from two randomized studies with similar populations, dosing, and cognitive assessments. TGB was titrated to 20-30 mg/day and CBZ to 400-800 mg/day over a 6-week period. A control or no-drug group of untreated patients with a single epileptic seizure was included for comparison. Cognitive function was assessed at baseline and 52 weeks.RESULTS: Of the 105 epilepsy patients enrolled, 79 completed the 52 weeks of monotherapy (TGB, 74%; CBZ, 77%). Altogether, 19 untreated patients composed the no-drug group. During the 52-week follow-up, only one statistically significant difference was found between the treatment groups and the no-drug group [verbal fluency task: F(2, 92) = 3.16; p = 0.047]. On further analysis, it was determined that this statistical difference was solely based on the patients receiving CBZ performing worse than the control group (p = 0.048). Statistically significant improvements (p < 0.05) were found on six (26%) of 23 variables with TGB and CBZ, as well as the no-drug group, although the variables differed between the groups. Significant worsening in the test scores was not seen in any of the study groups.CONCLUSIONS: The results of this 52-week, follow-up study show that successful TGB monotherapy with 20-30 mg/day has a cognitive profile similar to that of successful long-term CBZ monotherapy with 400-800 mg/day in newly diagnosed patients with epilepsy and to that of untreated patients with a single seizure. We observed no significant decline in cognitive scores associated with TGB monotherapy.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Anticonvulsants', 'Carbamazepine', 'Child', 'Cognition', 'Cognition Disorders', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Double-Blind Method', 'Drug Administration Schedule', 'Epilepsies, Partial', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neuropsychological Tests', 'Nipecotic Acids', 'Tiagabine']
| 16,886,974
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['D27.505.954.427.080'], ['D03.633.300.240.127'], ['M01.060.406'], ['F02.463.188'], ['F03.615.250'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['E05.318.370.300', 'E05.581.500.300', 'N05.715.360.325.320', 'N06.850.520.445.300'], ['E02.319.283'], ['C10.228.140.490.360'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['F04.711.513'], ['D03.066.566', 'D03.383.621.566'], ['D03.066.566.500', 'D03.383.621.566.500']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Daily grazing time as a risk factor for alterations at the hock joint integument in dairy cows.
|
Structural changes lead to increasing sizes of dairy herds and a reduction in grazing use. Thus, cows spend more time in the barn and become more exposed to the barn environment. The cubicle surface can result in damages of the cows' hock joint integument. Pasture is generally seen as a beneficial environment for cows. We hypothesized that a higher number of daily grazing hours reduce the probability of hock joint alterations in dairy cows from large herds. In total, 3148 lactating cows from 36 grazing and 20 zero-grazing dairy herds, with an average herd size of 173 cows, were assessed individually on one randomly selected body side for alterations in hock integument (score 0 for no alterations or hairless areas <2 cm, 1 for at least one hairless area of ?2 cm, 2 for lesion or swelling). The cows were further assessed for lameness and cleanliness. Information on breed, parity and days in milk per cow was extracted from a national database. Cubicle surface was evaluated for each herd. Daily grazing hours 30 days before herd visits were recorded by the stockmen and later categorized as follows: zero hours (zero-grazing), few hours (3 to 9) and many hours (>9 to 21). The effects of daily grazing hours and other potential cow and herd-level risk factors were evaluated for their impact on hock integument alterations using a logistic analysis with a multi-level model structure. The probability for hock integument alterations such as hair loss, lesions or swellings decreased with increasing amount of grazing hours (odds of 3 to 9 h 2.2 times and odds of >9 to 21 h 4.8 times lower than of zero-grazing). The probability for only lesions or swellings decreased with >9 to 21 grazing hours (odds 2.1 times) but not with 3 to 9 h (odds 1.0 times) compared with zero-grazing. Lameness, hard cubicle surface and Danish Holstein v. other breeds showed an increasing effect on the probability for integument alterations. Increase in days in milk only showed an increasing effect on the probability for lesions and swellings. We concluded that a long daily stay on pasture is most beneficial for the hock joint integument of a dairy cow.
|
['Animal Welfare', 'Animals', 'Cattle', 'Cattle Diseases', 'Dairying', 'Denmark', 'Feeding Behavior', 'Female', 'Lameness, Animal', 'Logistic Models', 'Prevalence', 'Risk Factors', 'Tarsus, Animal', 'Time Factors']
| 23,031,448
|
[['I01.880.604.100'], ['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['C22.196'], ['J01.040.246'], ['Z01.542.816.124'], ['F01.145.113.547', 'F01.145.407', 'G07.203.650.353'], ['C22.510'], ['E05.318.740.500.525', 'E05.318.740.600.800.450', 'E05.318.740.750.450', 'E05.599.835.875', 'N05.715.360.750.530.480', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.450', 'N05.715.360.750.695.470', 'N06.850.520.830.500.525', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.450', 'N06.850.520.830.750.450'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['A13.473.821'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
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| 0
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Digital X-ray apparatus especially designed for precise biometry in stereotactic surgical procedures.
|
Modern stereotactic surgical procedures were developed mainly because digital CT image gave us the opportunity to recognize the morphology and the site of a brain lesion, and, at the same time, CT offered a very easy and reliable way to calculate target coordinates because the brain scans are digital maps. Digital x-ray image obtained with an x-ray-intensifier and a TV Analog/Digital converter is not suitable for stereotactic use because image distortion is multifactorial and it is impossible to rectify. We have developed a new apparatus (Neurogil) for intra-operative use that is able to produce a digital image on a display, the measures displayed match exactly with the patient's brain. A linear array of 1024 photodiodes is working in front of an x-ray source and it collects the density image of the patient's head positioned between them. It shows the patient's head with the stereotactic frame exactly as a radiogram, but no distortion is present. Digital brain angiograms are possible with electronic subtraction, mathematical enhancement and with a stereoscopic view on a particular display. Any kind of mathematical calculation or computer-graphic application is possible. A special software was developed for stereotactic closed and open surgery.
|
['Cephalometry', 'Cerebral Angiography', 'Humans', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Neurosurgery', 'Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted', 'Stereotaxic Techniques', 'Subtraction Technique', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed']
| 1,792,969
|
[['E01.370.600.024.250', 'E05.041.250', 'N06.850.505.200.100.300'], ['E01.370.350.578.937.180', 'E01.370.350.700.060.180', 'E01.370.350.700.560.180', 'E01.370.370.050.180', 'E01.370.376.537.750.180', 'E05.629.937.180'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['H02.403.810.425'], ['E01.158.600.680', 'E01.370.350.350.700', 'E01.370.350.700.705', 'L01.313.500.750.100.158.600.680'], ['E04.525.800', 'E05.873'], ['E01.370.350.760'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Peptide inhibitors of fibronectin, laminin, and other adhesion molecules: unique and shared features.
|
Synthetic peptides can specifically inhibit the function of certain adhesive glycoproteins in vitro and in vivo. We have compared the relative activities of a set of six variant synthetic peptides based on the sequence of fibronectin in terms of their ability to inhibit the interactions of fibroblasts with fibronectin, spreading factor/vitronectin, laminin, and native collagen gels. BHK (baby hamster kidney) and chick embryo fibroblasts spreading on these adhesive molecules displayed distinctive patterns of sensitivity to inhibition by this panel of peptides, which depended on the adhesive molecule rather than the cell type. For fibronectin, Gly-Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser was considerably more active than Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser, whereas these two peptides displayed little difference in activity in inhibiting cell adhesion to spreading factor. For both proteins, the inverted peptide sequence Ser-Asp-Gly-Arg was also moderately active, whereas closely related peptides containing a transposition, a deletion, or a single, conserved amino acid substitution were much less active. For inhibiting interactions with laminin or native type I collagen gels, Gly-Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser was only weakly active, but the inverted peptide Ser-Asp-Gly-Arg unexpectedly continued to display inhibitory activity for both attachment proteins in both cell types. Our results indicate that different adhesive processes depend on distinct peptide recognition events by a cell. However, there may be a possible common denominator among attachment proteins in a moderate sensitivity to Ser-Asp-Gly-Arg. Our study also underscores the importance of examining a full set of peptide analogs when these novel inhibitors are used to characterize biological processes.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Animals', 'Antigens, Surface', 'Cell Adhesion', 'Cell Adhesion Molecules', 'Cell Line', 'Collagen', 'Cricetinae', 'Fibronectins', 'Kidney', 'Kinetics', 'Laminin', 'Peptides', 'Structure-Activity Relationship']
| 3,805,128
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['B01.050'], ['D23.050.301'], ['G04.022'], ['D12.776.395.550.200', 'D12.776.543.550.200', 'D23.050.301.350'], ['A11.251.210'], ['D05.750.078.280', 'D12.776.860.300.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.075.250'], ['D12.776.377.715.390', 'D12.776.395.550.350', 'D12.776.543.550.350', 'D12.776.860.300.450'], ['A05.810.453'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['D12.776.395.550.530', 'D12.776.543.550.500', 'D12.776.860.300.675'], ['D12.644'], ['G02.111.830', 'G07.690.773.997']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Mortality in neurofibromatosis 1: an analysis using U.S. death certificates.
|
Although neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1) is a relatively common autosomal dominant condition, information about its effect on mortality is limited. We used Multiple-Cause Mortality Files, compiled from U.S. death certificates by the National Center for Health Statistics, for 1983 through 1997. We identified 3,770 cases of presumed NF1 among 32,722,122 deaths in the United States, a frequency of 1/8,700, which is one-third to one-half the estimated prevalence. Mean and median ages at death for persons with NF1 were 54.4 and 59 years, respectively, compared with 70.1 and 74 years in the general population. Results of proportionate mortality ratio (PMR) analyses showed that persons with NF1 were 34 times more likely (PMR=34.3, 95% confidence interval [CI] 30.8-38.0) to have a malignant connective or other soft-tissue neoplasm listed on their death certificates than were persons without NF1. Overall, persons with NF1 were 1.2 times more likely than expected (PMR=1.21, 95% CI 1.14-1.28) to have a malignant neoplasm listed on their death certificates, but the PMR was 6.07 (95% CI 4.88-7.45) for persons who died at 10-19 years of age and was 4.93 (95% CI 4.14-5.82) for those who died at 20-29 years of age. Similarly, vascular disease was recorded more often than expected on death certificates of persons with NF1 who died at <30 years of age (PMR=3.26, 95% CI 1.31-6.71 at age <10 years; PMR=2.68, 95% CI 1.38-4.68 at age 10-19 years; and PMR=2.25, 95% CI 1.46-3.32 at 20-29 years) but not in older persons. This study supports previous findings of decreased life expectancy for persons with NF1 and, within the limitations of death certificates, provides population-based data about NF1 morbidity and mortality that are useful to clinicians caring for patients with NF1.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Age Factors', 'Aged', 'Child', 'Continental Population Groups', 'Death Certificates', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Life Expectancy', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neurofibromatosis 1', 'Time Factors', 'United States', 'Vascular Diseases']
| 11,283,797
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.686.508'], ['E05.318.308.940.350', 'L01.399.250.900.350', 'N04.452.859.264', 'N05.715.360.300.715.315', 'N06.850.520.308.940.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.985.450', 'N01.224.935.464', 'N06.850.505.400.975.450', 'N06.850.520.308.985.450'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04.557.580.600.580.590.650', 'C04.700.631.650', 'C10.562.600.500', 'C10.574.500.549.400', 'C10.668.829.675', 'C16.320.400.560.400', 'C16.320.700.633.650'], ['G01.910.857'], ['Z01.107.567.875'], ['C14.907']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
[Effects of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells and platelet-rich plasma on healing of wounds with full-thickness skin defects in mice].
|
Objective: To investigate the effects of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on healing of wounds with full-thickness skin defects in mice. Methods: ADSCs were isolated from the lumbar and abdominal fat donated voluntarily by a healthy woman undergoing liposuction in the Department of Plastic Surgery of Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Area Command, and the cells were cultured and identified. ADSCs of the second passage were used in the following experiments. The venous blood of the volunteer was taken, and PRP was obtained by secondary centrifugation. Thirty-six C57BL/6 mice were divided into simple injury group (n=12), simple ADSCs treatment group (n=12), and ADSCs+ PRP treatment group (n=12) according to the random number table. Each mouse was inflicted with a 1 cm?1 cm wound with full-thickness skin defect on the back. Immediately after injury, the wounds of mice in simple injury group were subcutaneously injected with 1 mL normal saline, the wounds of mice in simple ADSCs treatment group were subcutaneously injected with 1 mL phosphate buffer solution-blended ADSCs suspension (with concentration of 5?10(5) /mL, the same below), and the wounds of mice in ADSCs+ PRP treatment group were subcutaneously injected with 1 mL mixture of PRP and ADSCs (1?2 volume ratio). Three mice in each group were taken on post injury day (PID) 3, 5, 7, and 14 to observe the gross condition of wound, and the wound healing rate was calculated. On PID 3, 5, and 7, the non-healing wound tissue and 0.5 cm normal skin tissue around the wound margin were taken after gross observation. The inflammation, re-epithelialization, and angiogenesis of tissue were observed by hematoxylin and eosin staining, and the re-epithelialization rate was calculated. The collagen synthesis of tissue was observed by masson staining. Immunohistochemistry was used to observe the expression of macrophages of tissue samples collected on PID 3 and 5. Data were processed with analysis of variance of factorial design and Least-Significant Difference test. Results: (1) On PID 3, the wounds of mice in ADSCs+ PRP treatment group were with granulation tissue regeneration, redness, and swelling, and the wounds of mice in the other two groups were ruddy and with effusion. On PID 5, the wounds of mice in ADSCs+ PRP treatment group had less redness and swelling, which were dry with obvious scab, and wounds of mice in the other two groups were obviously red and swollen. On PID 7, scab formed basically on wounds of mice in the three groups. On PID 14, the wounds of mice in the three groups basically healed, and their crusts were off. On PID 3, 5, 7, and 14, the wound healing rates of mice in ADSCs+ PRP treatment group were obviously higher than those of the other two groups (P<0.05 or P<0.01). On PID 5 and 7, the wound healing rates of mice in simple ADSCs treatment group were obviously higher than those of simple injury group (P<0.01). (2) On PID 3, granulation tissue regeneration of wounds in ADSCs+ PRP treatment group was more than that in the other two groups. On PID 5, inflammatory reaction of wounds of mice was mild in ADSCs+ PRP treatment group, which was severe in the other two groups. On PID 7, the re-epithelialization process of wounds of mice was almost completed in ADSCs+ PRP treatment group, and the number of new vessels was more in ADSCs+ PRP treatment group than in the other two groups. The migration distance of regenerated epithelia around the wound edge in simple injury group and simple ADSCs treatment group was short. On PID 3, 5, and 7, the re-epithelialization rates of wounds of mice in ADSCs+ PRP treatment group were (37.6±4.5)%, (59.1±1.3)%, and (89.2±4.3)%, respectively, significantly higher than (25.7±1.5)%, (34.5±4.4)%, and (50.8±2.7)% in simple injury group and (29.1±0.8)%, (42.6±2.9)%, and (72.9±3.0)% in simple ADSCs treatment group (P<0.01). On PID 5 and 7, the re-epithelialization rates of wounds of mice in simple ADSCs treatment group were significantly higher than those in simple injury group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). (3) On PID 3 and 5, a quite large number of new collagen fibers appeared in granulation tissue of wounds of ADSCs+ PRP treatment group, while the collagen fibers in the other two groups were less. On PID 7, the granulation tissue of mice in ADSCs+ PRP treatment group decreased, and a large number of new collagen fibers appeared. The collagen fibers in wounds tissue of mice in simple ADSCs treatment group increased, while the collagen fibers deposited in wounds tissue of mice in simple injury group was still less. (4) On PID 3 and 5, the numbers of macrophages in wounds tissue of mice in simple ADSCs treatment group were 4.7±0.6 and 5.3±0.6 respectively, obviously lower than 6.3±0.6 and 7.7±0.6 in injury group (P<0.05 or P<0.01); the numbers of macrophages in wounds tissue of mice in ADSCs+ PRP treatment group were 3.0±1.1 and 2.7±0.5, significantly lower than those in the other two groups (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Conclusions: Human PRP and ADSCs are involved in the early inflammation, metaphase of tissue proliferation, and re-epithelialization and shaping process of late stage of wounds with full-thickness skin defects in mice. The combination of ADSCs and PRP may be a comparatively good combination to improve the speed and quality of wound healing.
|
['Animals', 'Burns', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Mesenchymal Stem Cells', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Platelet-Rich Plasma', 'Skin', 'Wound Healing']
| 30,585,053
|
[['B01.050'], ['C26.200'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A11.329.830.500', 'A11.872.590.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['A12.207.152.693.600', 'A12.207.270.695.600', 'A15.145.693.600'], ['A17.815'], ['G16.762.891']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Is mechanical bowel preparation really necessary in colorectal surgery?
|
OBJECTIVE: To determine the outcome of colorectal surgery without mechanical bowel preparation.DESIGN: A descriptive, analytical and observational study.PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY: Combined Military Hospital, Kharian and Pano Aqil, from September 1998 to April 2003.SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Forty-seven patients underwent debridement/resection and repair/primary anastomosis of colon and upper rectum without bowel preparation. Of these, 16 patients were operated in emergency. The anastomosis was carried out with polyglactin (vicryl) interrupted, full thickness single layer and no patient had defunctioning colostomy. Third generation cephalosporin, cefotaxime or ceftazidime and metronidazole were given perioperatively, repeated during surgery if lasted for more than 2 hours and continued for 3-5 days postoperatively.RESULTS: Anastomoses were ileocolic in 29.7%, colicocolic in 61.7% and colorectal in 14.8% cases. Anastomotic failure was seen in 4.2% and wound infection in 8.5% cases. There was one mortality (2.1%) due to unrelated cause.CONCLUSION: Mechanical bowel preparation is not necessary for safe colorectal surgery.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Anastomosis, Surgical', 'Antibiotic Prophylaxis', 'Cathartics', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Cohort Studies', 'Colonic Diseases', 'Colorectal Surgery', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Preoperative Care', 'Rectal Diseases', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Risk Assessment', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Survival Analysis', 'Therapeutic Irrigation', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Unnecessary Procedures']
| 14,700,490
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E04.035'], ['E02.319.162.150', 'E02.319.703.150'], ['D27.505.954.483.396'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['C06.405.469.158'], ['H02.403.810.208'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C23.550.767'], ['E02.760.795', 'E04.604.750', 'N02.421.585.795'], ['C06.405.469.860'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.715', 'N04.452.871.715', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.690', 'N06.850.505.715', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.715'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['E05.318.740.998', 'N05.715.360.750.795', 'N06.850.520.830.998'], ['E02.779.492.500', 'E02.831.535.492.500', 'E05.927'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['N02.421.380.450.500', 'N05.300.150.395.450.500']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Development of a protective immunity against Ostertagia leptospicularis in trickle-infected sheep and parallel changes of serum gastrin, pepsinogen and antibody levels.
|
Nine lambs, approximately 9 months of age were allocated to three groups (A, B, C), with three animals in each. Sheep in Groups A and B were trickle-infected with doses of 1000 third-stage larvae (L3) of Ostertagia leptospicularis (five times per week) over periods of 7.5 and 10.5 weeks, respectively, and were subsequently treated with fenbendazole (7.5 mg/kg). Approximately 3 weeks after anthelmintic treatment, all sheep were challenged with a single dose of 100,000 L3, whereas sheep of Group C received the same dose as a primary infection. Sheep of Groups A and B were almost completely refractory against the challenge infection, as indicated by negative faecal egg counts and adult worm burdens. A relatively high infection level was present in the sheep of Group C. The results indicate that a comparatively short immunization period of 7.5 weeks is sufficient to protect lambs against subsequent larval challenge. During immunization, the pepsinogen-, gastrin- and IgA-responses were similar in the individual sheep. In contrast to parasite-specific IgG1 and IgG2 levels, IgA decreased rapidly after cessation of trickle infection and parallel anthelmintic treatment, and may therefore indicate current exposure to parasite antigen. After challenge, the majority of the immunized sheep exhibited immediate and short-term responses of pepsinogen, gastrin and IgA in the serum. The time course and the level of each of these responses were very similar in the individual sheep, suggesting that the release of pepsinogen, gastrin and IgA into the circulation was influenced by related mechanisms.
|
['Animals', 'Antibodies, Helminth', 'Antinematodal Agents', 'Feces', 'Female', 'Fenbendazole', 'Gastrins', 'Immunization', 'Larva', 'Male', 'Ostertagia', 'Ostertagiasis', 'Parasite Egg Count', 'Pepsinogen A', 'Sheep', 'Sheep Diseases', 'Time Factors']
| 10,204,410
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.185', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.185', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.185'], ['D27.505.954.122.250.075.080'], ['A12.459'], ['D02.241.081.251.320', 'D03.633.100.103.450'], ['D06.472.317.413', 'D06.472.699.280', 'D12.644.400.320', 'D12.644.548.280', 'D12.776.631.650.320'], ['E02.095.465.425.400', 'E05.478.550', 'N02.421.726.758.310', 'N06.850.780.200.425', 'N06.850.780.680.310'], ['B05.500.500', 'G07.345.500.550.500.500'], ['B01.050.500.500.294.400.968.746.432'], ['C01.610.335.508.700.775.825.580'], ['E01.370.225.932.600', 'E05.200.932.600'], ['D08.622.509.700', 'D12.776.811.243.509.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.791'], ['C22.836'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
The pknH gene restrictively expressed in heterocysts is required for diazotrophic growth in the cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120.
|
Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120 is a filamentous cyanobacterium in which certain vegetative cells differentiate into heterocysts, which are specialized cells for nitrogen fixation. Heterocysts are unable to carry out photosynthesis and are supplied with carbohydrate required for nitrogen fixation from neighbouring vegetative cells. Thus, filament integrity is very important for diazotrophic growth of the heterocystous cyanobacteria. The pknH gene (alr1336), encoding a putative Ser/Thr protein kinase, was upregulated in heterocysts after nitrogen deprivation. Its expression was developmentally regulated by the hetR gene. Expression levels of genes involved in heterocyst maturation, such as hepA, hglE and nifH, in the pknH disruptant were similar to those of the wild-type strain. The disruptant was able to form heterocysts with nitrogenase activity, but most heterocysts were detached from filaments. Hence, the pknH disruptant showed a growth defect in the medium without combined nitrogen. It is concluded that the pknH gene is not involved in the development of heterocyst function but is involved in maintaining connections between heterocysts and vegetative cells.
|
['Anabaena', 'Bacterial Proteins', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic', 'Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases']
| 22,383,473
|
[['B03.280.100', 'B03.440.475.100.100', 'B03.585.051'], ['D12.776.097'], ['G05.308.300'], ['G05.308.310'], ['G05.308.320'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Novel bacterial membrane surface display system using cell wall-less L-forms of Proteus mirabilis and Escherichia coli.
|
We describe a novel membrane surface display system that allows the anchoring of foreign proteins in the cytoplasmic membrane (CM) of stable, cell wall-less L-form cells of Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis. The reporter protein, staphylokinase (Sak), was fused to transmembrane domains of integral membrane proteins from E. coli (lactose permease LacY, preprotein translocase SecY) and P. mirabilis (curved cell morphology protein CcmA). Both L-form strains overexpressed fusion proteins in amounts of 1 to 100 microg ml(-1), with higher expression for those with homologous anchor motifs. Various experimental approaches, e.g., cell fractionation, Percoll gradient purification, and solubilization of the CM, demonstrated that the fusion proteins are tightly bound to the CM and do not form aggregates. Trypsin digestion, as well as electron microscopy of immunogold-labeled replicas, confirmed that the protein was localized on the outside surface. The displayed Sak showed functional activity, indicating correct folding. This membrane surface display system features endotoxin-poor organisms and can provide a novel platform for numerous applications.
|
['Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins', 'Cell Membrane', 'Escherichia coli', 'L Forms', 'Membrane Proteins', 'Metalloendopeptidases', 'Microscopy, Electron', 'Proteus mirabilis', 'Recombinant Fusion Proteins', 'Trypsin']
| 11,823,186
|
[['D12.776.097.120', 'D12.776.543.100'], ['A11.284.149'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['B03.110.422', 'B05.110.422'], ['D12.776.543'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.480', 'D08.811.277.656.675.374'], ['E01.370.350.515.402', 'E05.595.402'], ['B03.440.450.425.600.501', 'B03.660.250.150.590.500'], ['D12.776.828.300'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.760.895', 'D08.811.277.656.959.350.895']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Maternal cocaine treatment alters dynorphin and enkephalin mRNA expression in brains of fetal rhesus macaques.
|
Cocaine exposure in utero is known to cause a variety of behavioral and motor deficits that may be attributable to alterations in the dopamine neurocircuitry. To ascertain cocaine effects in the fetus, we developed a nonhuman primate model in which pregnant monkeys were administered cocaine from day 20 through day 60 or 70 of gestation. Fetuses from these pregnancies develop a repertoire of neural deficiencies, including decreased mRNA expression of tyrosine hydroxylase in the midbrain and increased mRNA expression of dopamine receptor subtypes in the rostral forebrain. Presently, we studied the effects of maternal cocaine treatment on the mRNA expression of the endogenous opioids preprodynorphin (PPD) and preproenkephalin (PPE) in fetal monkey brains. Fetuses exposed to saline (0.9%) or cocaine (3 mg/kg) were delivered by Caesarean section, the fetal brains were dissected, and tissue RNA was extracted and quantified using ribonuclease protection assay analysis. The opioid peptides PPD and PPE were expressed in the fetal monkey brain by day 60, and even higher levels were found in day 70 fetuses. Maternal exposure to cocaine increased gene expression of PPD and PPE in the fetus at both day 60 and day 70 of gestation. Dynorphin mRNA levels were significantly elevated in the striatum, whereas enkephalin mRNA was elevated in both the frontal cortex and the striatal area of fetuses whose mothers received cocaine. Changes in the expression of these opioid peptides in presumed dopamine target neurons, which mediate motivation and reward, as well as motor control, provide further evidence for profound consequences of in utero cocaine exposure on the developing dopamine neurocircuitry.
|
['Animals', 'Brain', 'Cocaine', 'Dynorphins', 'Enkephalins', 'Female', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Macaca mulatta', 'Narcotics', 'Pregnancy', 'Protein Precursors', 'RNA, Messenger']
| 8,994,065
|
[['B01.050'], ['A08.186.211'], ['D02.145.074.722.388', 'D03.132.889.354', 'D03.605.084.500.722.388', 'D03.605.869.388'], ['D12.644.400.575.180', 'D12.776.631.650.575.180'], ['D12.644.400.575.281', 'D12.776.631.650.575.281'], ['G05.308'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.199.120.510.550'], ['D27.505.696.277.600', 'D27.505.696.663.850.014.760', 'D27.505.954.427.040.550', 'D27.505.954.427.210.600'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['D12.776.811'], ['D13.444.735.544']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Hemodynamic responses to supine exercise in children with left-sided cardiac disease.
|
Exercise, a physiologic stress, has been used in adults to unmask abnormalities of left ventricular hemodynamics not detectable at rest. Similar data in children are not available. An evaluation was made of the feasibility, safety and value of a graded upright and supine ergometer stress test to assess exercise hemodynamics during cardiac catheterization in 21 children with left-sided cardiac disease. The catheterization technique involved the simultaneous recording of intracardiac and great vessel pressures, thermodilution cardiac index and M mode echocardiograms of the left ventricular cavity. The method appears practical and safe. Although hemodynamic responses varied among clinical groups, the lack of control data currently prevents assessment of the value of this technique for long-term management.
|
['Adolescent', 'Aorta', 'Aortic Valve', 'Blood Pressure', 'Cardiac Catheterization', 'Cardiac Output', 'Child', 'Echocardiography', 'Electrocardiography', 'Exercise Test', 'Heart Diseases', 'Hemodynamics', 'Humans', 'Pulmonary Artery', 'Vascular Resistance']
| 7,369,133
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['A07.015.114.056'], ['A07.541.510.110'], ['E01.370.600.875.249', 'G09.330.380.076'], ['E01.370.370.380.140', 'E02.148.442', 'E05.157.250'], ['E01.370.370.380.150', 'G09.330.380.124'], ['M01.060.406'], ['E01.370.350.130.750', 'E01.370.350.850.220', 'E01.370.370.380.220'], ['E01.370.370.380.240', 'E01.370.405.240'], ['E01.370.370.380.250', 'E01.370.386.700.250', 'E05.333.250'], ['C14.280'], ['G09.330.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A07.015.114.715'], ['G09.330.380.921']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Efficacy and safety of nifedipine GITS in Asians with hypertension: results of a post-marketing surveillance study in China.
|
OBJECTIVE: This post-marketing surveillance study assessed the efficacy, safety and tolerability of treatment with nifedipine GITS (gastrointestinal therapeutic system) in hypertensive patients with different risk profiles under normal daily practice conditions in China.METHODS: A total of 7395 patients were included in 564 outpatient clinics. Patients received 30mg or 60mg of nifedipine GITS, which could be up- and down-titrated if necessary. Efficacy, safety and tolerability data were collected at up to three follow-up visits. Patient documentation was completed using standardised and barcoded case report forms. Descriptive and explorative analyses of the data were performed.RESULTS: At endpoint, 93% of patients were receiving 30mg of nifedipine GITS and 7% were taking 60mg of nifedipine GITS. The mean observation period was 9 +/- 7 weeks. At endpoint, the mean BP reduction was 27.7/14.8mm Hg; 43% of patients had a systolic BP <140mm Hg, and 58% had a diastolic BP <90mm Hg. BP control as recommended by international guidelines was achieved in 43.5% of all patients. A total of 3163 patients (42.8%) received additional antihypertensive medication, of which ACE inhibitors were most commonly used (40.7%), followed by beta-adrenoceptor antagonists (25.8%).Twenty-nine patients (0.4%) experienced a total of 39 adverse events. Subjective physicians' assessments of efficacy, tolerability and patient acceptance of nifedipine GITS treatment returned ratings of 'very good' and 'good' in 91-95% of each category.CONCLUSIONS: Nifedipine GITS proved to be effective and well tolerated for the treatment of hypertension in 7395 Chinese patients under normal daily practice conditions. The results confirm the findings and experience of previously performed clinical studies.
|
['Asian Continental Ancestry Group', 'Blood Pressure', 'Calcium Channel Blockers', 'China', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hypertension', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Nifedipine', 'Product Surveillance, Postmarketing', 'Prospective Studies']
| 17,638,397
|
[['M01.686.508.200'], ['E01.370.600.875.249', 'G09.330.380.076'], ['D27.505.519.562.249', 'D27.505.696.260.500', 'D27.505.954.411.192'], ['Z01.252.474.164'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C14.907.489'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D03.383.725.203.540'], ['E05.337.800'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Male-specific beta-cell dysfunction and diabetes resulting from increased expression of a syngeneic MHC class I protein in the pancreata of transgenic mice.
|
It is well established that insulin-dependent diabetes (IDDM) is an autoimmune disease with a strong genetic link to the HLA locus. It is less well understood, however, how the destruction of the insulin-producing beta cells is effected and why neighboring non-beta islet cells are spared. Also incompletely explained are the observations that, unlike other autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis, IDDM does not preferentially affect females, the incidence of the disease is highest among young adults, and there are temporal correlations between the onset of the disease and emotional trauma. We have addressed some of these questions by using transgenic mice that constitutively express the MHC class I antigen Dd in the beta cells of the pancreas. Although both male and female Ins.Dd mice expressed equivalent amounts of the Dd protein only the males developed diabetes. The diabetes in the males could be reversed by castration, and the normoglycemic females became diabetic following either ovariectomy and the implantation of a slow-release pellet containing testosterone or the inclusion of dexamethasone in the drinking water. In contrast, transgenic mice that expressed the herpes simplex virus type 1 glycoprotein D in the pancreatic beta cells were normoglycemic and showed no obvious histopathological consequences. The observation that the beta-cell dysfunction by the increased expression of the MHC class I protein Dd cannot be induced by the herpes viral protein suggests that the cellular damage is related to a specific structure or function of the MHC proteins.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
|
['Animals', 'Dexamethasone', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1', 'Female', 'Histocompatibility Antigens Class I', 'Incidence', 'Islets of Langerhans', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Transgenic', 'Ovariectomy', 'Simplexvirus', 'Testosterone', 'Viral Envelope Proteins']
| 1,965,148
|
[['B01.050'], ['D04.210.500.745.432.769.344', 'D04.210.500.908.238'], ['C18.452.394.750.124', 'C19.246.267', 'C20.111.327'], ['D12.776.395.550.489', 'D12.776.543.550.439', 'D23.050.301.500.100', 'D23.050.705.552.100'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.375', 'N01.224.935.597.500', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.375', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.375'], ['A03.734.414', 'A06.300.414'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.136.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800'], ['E04.270.282.685', 'E04.950.165.685', 'E04.950.300.680'], ['B04.280.382.100.750'], ['D04.210.500.054.079.429.824', 'D06.472.334.851.968.984'], ['D09.400.430.968', 'D12.776.395.550.993', 'D12.776.543.550.993', 'D12.776.964.970.880']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
A systems approach to assess farm-scale nutrient and trace element dynamics: a case study at the Ojebyn dairy farm.
|
A systems analysis approach was used to assess farmscale nutrient and trace element sustainability by combining full-scale field experiments with specific studies of nutrient release from mineral weathering and trace-element cycling. At the Ojebyn dairy farm in northern Sweden, a farm-scale case study including phosphorus (P), potassium (K), and zinc (Zn) was run to compare organic and conventional agricultural management practices. By combining different element-balance approaches (at farmgate, barn, and field scales) and further adapting these to the FARMFLOW model, we were able to combine mass flows and pools within the subsystems and establish links between subsystems in order to make farm-scale predictions. It was found that internal element flows on the farm are large and that there are farm internal sources (Zn) and loss terms (K). The approaches developed and tested at the Ojebyn farm are promising and considered generally adaptable to any farm.
|
['Animal Husbandry', 'Animals', 'Cattle', 'Dairying', 'Female', 'Phosphorus', 'Potassium', 'Soil', 'Sweden', 'Systems Analysis', 'Trace Elements', 'Zinc']
| 16,092,260
|
[['J01.040.090'], ['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['J01.040.246'], ['D01.268.666'], ['D01.268.549.550', 'D01.268.557.575', 'D01.552.528.652', 'D01.552.547.650'], ['D20.721', 'G01.311.820', 'G16.500.275.815', 'N06.230.600'], ['Z01.542.816.500'], ['L01.906'], ['D01.268.811', 'D27.505.696.494.555', 'G07.203.300.681.500.555', 'J02.500.681.500.555'], ['D01.268.556.940', 'D01.268.956.906', 'D01.552.544.940']]
|
['Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Neurodegeneration in the rat hippocampus and striatum after middle cerebral artery occlusion.
|
Animal models of ischemia are in wide use to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of brain injury that result from cardiovascular disease in humans. We have used the fluorescent, anionic dye, Fluoro-Jade, to examine cellular degeneration that occurs in association with the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model. MCAO results in cortical infarction as well as damage to the hippocampus leading to a delayed form of death of hippocampal neurons. We examined brain sections at 6 h, 12 h, 1, 4, 7, 14 and 21 days after injury. Fluoro-Jade labeling of the striatum was seen over a protracted time-course, with degeneration beginning by 6 h after injury. Neuronal degeneration in the hippocampus, in contrast, occurs between 12 h and 7 days after injury with neuronal death reaching a peak at 4 days. GFAP/Fluoro-Jade double labeling revealed that the Fluoro-Jade positive staining at late time-points in the striatum included astrocytic cells. Together, the results show Fluoro-Jade to be a useful marker of cellular degeneration following ischemic injury. Further, the use of this dye has enabled us to demonstrate previously undescribed events of cellular injury resulting from ischemia.
|
['Animals', 'Arterial Occlusive Diseases', 'Astrocytes', 'Cerebral Arteries', 'Corpus Striatum', 'Fluoresceins', 'Fluorescent Dyes', 'Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein', 'Hippocampus', 'Humans', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Nerve Degeneration', 'Organic Chemicals', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Time Factors']
| 11,864,631
|
[['B01.050'], ['C14.907.137'], ['A08.637.200', 'A11.650.200'], ['A07.015.114.228'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.249.487'], ['D02.455.426.779.347', 'D03.633.300.953.275', 'D04.711.347'], ['D27.720.233.348', 'D27.720.470.410.505.500'], ['D05.750.078.593.400', 'D12.776.220.475.400'], ['A08.186.211.180.405', 'A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.345'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['C23.550.737'], ['D02'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Acoustic monitoring of double-lumen ventilated lungs for the detection of selective unilateral lung ventilation.
|
One-lung intubation (OLI) is among the most common complications of endotracheal intubation. None of the monitoring tools now available has proved effective for its early detection. In this study we investigated the efficacy of acoustic analysis for the detection of OLI. We collected lung sounds from 11 patients undergoing thoracic surgery requiring the placement of a double-lumen tube. Recordings of separate lung ventilation were performed after induction and confirmation of adequate tube positioning, before surgery. Samples of lung sounds were collected by three piezoelectric microphones, one on each side of the chest and one on the right forearm, for background noise sampling. The samples were filtered, the signals' energy envelopes were calculated, and segmentation to breath and rest periods was performed. Each respiration was classified into one of the three categories: bilateral ventilation, selective right-lung ventilation, or selective left-lung ventilation, on the basis of the ratio between the energy signals of each lung. OLI was accurately identified in 10 of the 11 patients during right OLI and in all 11 patients during left OLI. This study suggests that acoustic monitoring is effective for the detection of selective lung ventilation and may be useful for early diagnosis of OLI.
|
['Acoustics', 'Adult', 'Humans', 'Intubation, Intratracheal', 'Pilot Projects', 'Respiration, Artificial', 'Respiratory Sounds', 'Thoracic Surgical Procedures']
| 17,122,229
|
[['H01.671.031'], ['M01.060.116'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.041.500', 'E02.585.578', 'E05.497.578'], ['E05.318.372.750', 'E05.337.737', 'N05.715.360.330.720', 'N06.850.520.450.720'], ['E02.041.625', 'E02.365.647.729', 'E02.880.820'], ['C23.888.852.779', 'E01.370.386.720', 'G09.772.775'], ['E04.928']]
|
['Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Specific binding of chloride ions to lipid vesicles and implications at molecular scale.
|
Biological membranes composed of lipids and proteins are in contact with electrolytes like aqueous NaCl solutions. Based on molecular dynamics studies it is widely believed that Na(+) ions specifically bind to 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC) membranes, whereas Cl(-) ions stay in solution. Here, we present a careful comparison of recent data from electrophoresis and isothermal titration calorimetry experiments as well as molecular dynamics simulations suggesting that in fact both ions show very similar affinities. The corresponding binding constants are 0.44(±0.05) M(-1) for Na(+) and 0.40(±0.04) M(-1) for Cl(-) ions. This is highlighted by our observation that a widely used simulation setup showing asymmetric affinities of Na(+) and Cl(-) for POPC bilayers overestimates the effect of NaCl on the electrophoretic mobility of a POPC membrane by an order of magnitude. Implications for previous simulation results on the effect of NaCl on polarization of interfacial water, transmembrane potentials, and mechanisms for ion transport through bilayers are discussed. Our findings suggest that a range of published simulations results on the interaction of NaCl with phosphocholine bilayers have to be reconsidered and revised and that force field refinements are necessary for reliable simulation studies of membranes at physiological conditions on a molecular level.
|
['Chlorides', 'Ion Transport', 'Liposomes', 'Membrane Potentials', 'Molecular Dynamics Simulation', 'Phosphatidylserines', 'Sodium', 'Water']
| 23,442,960
|
[['D01.210.450.150', 'D01.248.497.158.215'], ['G03.143.500'], ['D25.479.517', 'D26.255.260.517', 'J01.637.051.479.517', 'J01.637.087.500.517'], ['G01.154.535', 'G04.580', 'G07.265.675', 'G11.561.570'], ['E05.599.595.500', 'G02.111.570.895', 'L01.224.160.500'], ['D10.570.755.375.760.400.971'], ['D01.268.549.750', 'D01.268.557.650', 'D01.552.528.850', 'D01.552.547.725'], ['D01.045.250.875', 'D01.248.497.158.459.650', 'D01.650.550.925']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Optimization of immunosuppressive therapy for spinal grafting of human spinal stem cells in a rat model of ALS.
|
Previous rodent studies employing monotherapy or combined immunosuppressive regimens have demonstrated a variable degree of spinal xenograft survival in several spinal neurodegenerative models including spinal ischemia, trauma, or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Accordingly, the characterization of optimal immunosuppressive protocols for the specific neurodegenerative model is critical to ensure reliable assessment of potential long-term therapeutic effects associated with cell replacement. In the present study we characterized the survival of human spinal stem cells when grafted into the lumbar spinal cords of a rodent model of ALS, SOD1 (G93A) male and female rats (60-67 days old). Four different immunosuppressive protocols were studied: i) FK506 (q12h); ii) FK506 (qd) + mycophenolate (PO; q12h, up to 7 days postop); iii) FK506 (qd) + mycophenolate (IP; q12h, up to 7 days postop); and iv) FK506 (qd) + mycophenolate (IP; qd, up to 7 days postop). Three weeks after cell grafting the number of surviving human cells was then systematically assessed. The highest density of grafted cells was seen in animals treated with FK506 (qd) and mycophenolate (IP; qd; an average 915 ± 95 grafted cells per spinal cord section). The majority of hNUMA-positive cells colocalized with doublecortin (DCX) immunoreactivity. DCX-positive neurons showed extensive axodendritic sprouting toward surrounding host neurons. In addition, migrating grafted cells were identified up to 500 ìm from the graft. In animals treated with FK506 (q12h), FK506 (qd) + mycophenolate (PO; q12h) or FK506 (qd) + mycophenolate (IP; q12h), 11.8 ± 3.4%, 61.2 ± 7.8%, and 99.4 ± 8.9% [expressed as percent of the FK506 (qd) and mycophenolate (IP; qd)] cell survival was seen, respectively. In contrast to animals treated with a combination of FK506 + mycophenolate, robust CD4/8 immunoreactivity was identified in the vicinity of the injection tract in animals treated with FK506 only. These data suggest that a combined, systemically delivered immunosuppression regimen including FK506 and mycophenolate can significantly improve survival of human spinal stem cells after intraspinal transplantation in SOD1 (G93A) rats.
|
['Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis', 'Animals', 'Cell Survival', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Female', 'Fluorescent Antibody Technique', 'Humans', 'Immune Tolerance', 'Immunosuppression', 'Immunosuppressive Agents', 'Male', 'Microtubule-Associated Proteins', 'Neuropeptides', 'Rats', 'Spinal Cord', 'Stem Cell Transplantation', 'Stem Cells', 'T-Lymphocytes', 'Tacrolimus']
| 21,669,047
|
[['C10.228.854.139', 'C10.574.562.250', 'C10.574.950.050', 'C10.668.467.250', 'C18.452.845.800.050'], ['B01.050'], ['G04.346'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512.240', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512.240', 'E05.200.500.607.512.240', 'E05.200.750.551.512.240', 'E05.478.583.375'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G12.535.425'], ['E02.095.465.425.450', 'E05.478.610'], ['D27.505.696.477.656'], ['D12.776.220.600.450', 'D12.776.631.560'], ['D12.644.400', 'D12.776.631.650'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['A08.186.854'], ['E02.095.147.500.500', 'E04.936.225.687'], ['A11.872'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.569', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569'], ['D02.540.505.810']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Motility study in right sided diverticular disease of the colon.
|
Intraluminal pressure in the ascending colon of 13 patients with right sided diverticular disease and 10 of normal subjects was studied with catheter-tip transducer inserted through colonoscopes. In the resting state the colonic motility index of patients with diverticular disease was greater than that of the controls. After intravenous injection of neostigmine methylsulphate higher pressure waves were more frequently observed in patients with diverticular disease than the controls, and the colonic motility index of patients was much greater than that of the controls with statistical significance. From these observations it is suggested that high intraluminal pressure and the abnormal motility in the ascending colon plays an important role in the pathogenesis of right sided diverticular disease.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Colon', 'Colonoscopy', 'Diverticulum, Colon', 'Female', 'Gastrointestinal Motility', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neostigmine', 'Pressure', 'Transducers, Pressure']
| 6,642,277
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['A03.556.124.526.356', 'A03.556.249.249.356'], ['E01.370.372.250.250.200', 'E01.370.388.250.250.250.160', 'E04.210.240.250.160', 'E04.502.250.250.250.160'], ['C06.405.205.282.750.500', 'C23.300.415.500'], ['G10.261.360'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D02.092.877.674.666', 'D02.675.276.602'], ['G01.374.715'], ['E07.305.812.901']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Case Report: First Molecular Diagnosis of Liver Abscesses Due to Fasciola hepatica
|
We report a case of Fasciola hepatica liver abscesses in a 67-year-old female returning from a trip to Vietnam. She has been suffering from a fever, right abdominal pain for 4 days, and major eosinophilia. Radiologic investigations showed multiple hypodense confluent abscesses in the right lobe of the liver, complicated by occlusive thrombosis of the right branch of the portal vein. The serological investigation of helminth-elicited eosinophilia showed only a positive serology for F. hepatica. Despite repeated negative stool examinations for any intestinal pathogen, the diagnosis was established by the detection of F. hepatica DNA in stool and pus aspirate samples.
|
['Aged', 'Animals', 'Anthelmintics', 'Antibodies, Helminth', 'Factor Xa Inhibitors', 'Fasciola hepatica', 'Fascioliasis', 'Feces', 'France', 'Humans', 'Liver Abscess', 'Rivaroxaban', 'Travel', 'Triclabendazole', 'Vietnam']
| 31,701,866
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.122.250.075'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.185', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.185', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.185'], ['D27.505.519.389.745.800.449.500', 'D27.505.954.502.119.500.500'], ['B01.050.500.500.736.715.408.380.420'], ['C01.610.335.865.354', 'C01.610.518.424', 'C06.552.664.424'], ['A12.459'], ['Z01.542.286'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C01.830.025.020.455', 'C06.552.597'], ['D02.886.778.727', 'D03.383.533.640.713', 'D03.383.903.727'], ['I03.883'], ['D03.633.100.103.925'], ['Z01.252.145.945']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
|
Solanum glaucophyllum as source of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3.
|
Vitamin D-deficient rats given an aqueous extract of the South American plant Solanum glaucophyllum accumulate 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in their blood and intestines at the time they show enhanced intestinal calcium absorption. The identity of the 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 was established by co-chromatography with 1,25-dihydroxy[23,24-3H]vitamin D3 on Sephadex LH-20 columns, microparticulate silica gel columns, a reversed-phase column developed under high pressure, and by a specific 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 binding assay. The chromatographic systems used are fully capable of resolving all of the known metabolites of vitamin D3. Serum of the S. glaucophyllum-treated rats showed 300 pg/ml of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and no detectable 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D2. Similarly, intestine of such rats had 230 pg/g of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. Control animals which received the vehicle instead of S. glaucophyllum had only 20 pg/ml of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in their serum and 4.4 pg/g of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D2 in their intestine. These results demonstrate that S. glaucophyllum extracts must be a source of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3; thus a significant basis for the calcinogenic properties of S. glaucophyllum must be the presence of a conjugated form of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, which is rendered available by digestion.
|
['Animals', 'Biological Assay', 'Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'Dihydroxycholecalciferols', 'Hydroxycholecalciferols', 'Plants', 'Rats', 'Vitamin D Deficiency']
| 856,794
|
[['B01.050'], ['E05.091'], ['E05.196.181.400.300'], ['D04.210.500.247.222.159.478.387', 'D04.210.500.247.808.146.478.387', 'D04.210.500.812.768.196.478.387', 'D10.570.938.146.478.387'], ['D04.210.500.247.222.159.478', 'D04.210.500.247.808.146.478', 'D04.210.500.812.768.196.478', 'D10.570.938.146.478'], ['B01.650'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['C18.654.521.500.133.770']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Sexual experience reduces neuronal activity in the central part of the medial preoptic nucleus in male rats during sexual behavior.
|
The medial preoptic area (MPN) plays an important role in the control of male sexual behavior. In rats, the central part of the MPN (MPNc) is sexually dimorphic and contains a sexually dimorphic nucleus composed of neurons expressing calbindin-D28 K (CALB-SDN). Although the functions of the MPNc are not well understood, surgical destruction of the MPNc adversely affects the performance of sexual behavior in sexually naive males, but not in sexually experienced males, supporting the notion that the MPNc changes functionally with sexual experience. In this study, we aimed to determine the effects of sexual experience on the neuronal activity of the MPNc and CALB-SDN. Sexual behavior in sexually inexperienced males that had no experience of ejaculation, and experienced males that had ejaculated once was observed. After they displayed sexual behavior, the brains were sampled, and immunohistochemical analysis of c-Fos, a neuronal activity marker, in the MPNc and CALB-SDN was performed. The numbers of c-Fos-immunopositive cells with or without calbindin-D28K-immunoreactivity increased significantly in the MPNc and CALB-SDN following ejaculation in both sexually inexperienced and experienced males, although the numbers did not change significantly with exposure to estrous female odors, the first mount, and the first intromission before and after the first ejaculation. We further found that the number of c-Fos-immunopositive and calbindin-D28K-immunonegative cells in the MPNc, but not in the CALB-SDN, was significantly smaller in sexually experienced males than in sexually inexperienced males. These results suggest that a population of MPNc neurons, which is located outside the CALB-SDN and do not express calbindin-D28 K, are activated during the first copulation and then silent after acquisition of sexual experience.
|
['Animals', 'Ejaculation', 'Male', 'Neurons', 'Preoptic Area', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos', 'Sex Characteristics', 'Sexual Behavior', 'Sexual Behavior, Animal']
| 30,170,041
|
[['B01.050'], ['G08.686.784.084'], ['A08.675', 'A11.671'], ['A08.186.211.180.497.342.450', 'A08.186.211.200.317.357.342.450'], ['D12.776.260.108.765', 'D12.776.624.664.700.179', 'D12.776.660.760', 'D12.776.930.127.765'], ['G08.686.815'], ['F01.145.802'], ['F01.145.113.252.748']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Increased incorporation of 5-fluorodeoxyuridine into DNA of human T-lymphoblastic cell lines.
|
Various human leukemoblastoid cell lines in logarithmic growth were incubated for 16 hr with 0.5 microM [3H]fluorodeoxyuridine (FdUrd) and the incorporation of [3H]FdUrd into DNA was measured. T-acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) cell lines incorporated 2.4-7.0 times more [3H]FdUrd into newly synthesized DNA than cell lines from B-lymphoid, pre B-ALL, null cell ALL and acute myeloid leukemia cells. T-ALL cells incorporated 1.93-3.15 pmol of [3H]FdUrd nucleotides into DNA per 10(7) cells. The amount of [3H]FdUrd incorporated into DNA was inversely correlated with the activity level of uracil DNA glycosylase of the cells. On the other hand, no correlation was observed between the incorporation and the level of deoxyuridine triphosphate diphosphohydrolase of each cell line. However, the amount of FdUrd incorporated into DNA could not be correlated with the antiproliferative activity of FdUrd against these cell lines.
|
['Cell Line', 'DNA Glycosylases', 'DNA, Neoplasm', 'Floxuridine', 'Humans', 'Leukemia, Lymphoid', 'N-Glycosyl Hydrolases', 'Pyrophosphatases', 'Tritium', 'Uracil-DNA Glycosidase']
| 6,151,533
|
[['A11.251.210'], ['D08.811.074.249', 'D08.811.277.450.430.099'], ['D13.444.308.425'], ['D03.383.742.680.852.300.350', 'D13.570.230.430.432', 'D13.570.685.852.300.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.557.337.428', 'C15.604.515.560', 'C20.683.515.528'], ['D08.811.277.450.430'], ['D08.811.277.040.600'], ['D01.268.406.875', 'D01.362.340.875', 'D01.496.749.925'], ['D08.811.074.249.875']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Platelet-activating factor induces leukotriene C4 synthesis by purified human eosinophils.
|
Platelet-activating factor, at a concentration of 10 microM, was capable of inducing leukotriene C4 synthesis by eosinophils of healthy donors, i.e. (3.1 +/- 0.3) x 10(6) molecules leukotriene C4/cell (n = 31, mean +/- SEM, cell purity 87 +/- 2%). Reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography analysis demonstrated the exclusive synthesis of leukotriene C4. At a concentration of 1 microM, platelet-activating factor was capable of significantly enhancing the calcium ionophore A23187, the opsonized zymosan or the arachidonic acid induced leukotriene C4 synthesis by eosinophils. These results show that PAF is capable of inducing and enhancing the leukotriene C4 formation by human eosinophils.
|
['Arachidonic Acid', 'Arachidonic Acids', 'Calcimycin', 'Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'Drug Synergism', 'Eosinophils', 'Humans', 'Platelet Activating Factor', 'Radioimmunoassay', 'SRS-A', 'Time Factors', 'Zymosan']
| 3,118,415
|
[['D10.251.355.255.100.100', 'D10.251.355.310.166.100'], ['D10.251.355.255.100', 'D10.251.355.310.166'], ['D03.633.100.221.173'], ['E05.196.181.400.300'], ['G07.690.773.968.477'], ['A11.118.637.415.345', 'A11.627.340.345', 'A15.145.229.637.415.345', 'A15.382.490.315.251'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D02.033.100.291.211.500', 'D02.092.063.291.211.500', 'D02.092.877.883.333.710', 'D02.675.276.232.710', 'D10.570.755.375.760.400.985.910', 'D23.119.865', 'D23.469.050.600'], ['E01.370.384.700', 'E05.478.566.639', 'E05.601.470.639'], ['D10.251.355.255.100.450.855', 'D10.251.355.310.166.887.855', 'D23.469.050.175.450.725'], ['G01.910.857'], ['D09.698.365.089.750']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
A solution NMR study of the binding kinetics and the internal dynamics of an HIV-1 protease-substrate complex.
|
NMR studies of the binding of a substrate to an inactive HIV-1 protease construct, containing an active site mutation PR(D25N), are reported. Substrate titration measurements monitored by HSQC spectra and a (15)N-edited NOESY experiment show that the chromogenic substrate analog of the capsid/p2 cleavage site binds to PR(D25N) with an equilibrium dissociation constant, K(D), of 0.27 +/- 0.05 mM, and upper limits of the association and dissociation rate constants, 2 x 10(4) M(-1)s(-1) and 10 s(-1), respectively, at 20 degrees C, pH 5.8. This association rate constant is not in the diffusion limit, suggesting that association is controlled by a rare event, such as opening of the protease flaps. Analysis of (15)N relaxation experiments reveals a slight reduction of S(2) values in the flap region, indicating a small increase in the amplitude of internal motion on the sub-nsec timescale. In addition, several residues in the flap region are mobile on the conformational exchange timescale, msec-microsec. Flap dynamics of the protease-substrate complex are compared with those of protease-inhibitor complexes, and the implications of these results for substrate-binding models are discussed.
|
['HIV Protease', 'Kinetics', 'Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy', 'Models, Molecular', 'Protein Binding', 'Protein Conformation', 'Solutions', 'Substrate Specificity']
| 12,824,484
|
[['D08.811.277.656.074.500.340', 'D08.811.277.656.300.048.340', 'D08.811.277.656.979.500', 'D12.776.964.775.375.545.750', 'D12.776.964.900.500.625'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['E05.196.867.519'], ['E05.599.595'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808'], ['G02.111.570.820.709'], ['D26.776'], ['G02.111.835']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Characterization, source identification and risk associated with polyaromatic and chlorinated organic contaminants (PAHs, PCBs, PCBzs and OCPs) in the surface sediments of Hooghly estuary, India.
|
The spatial distribution, source identification and ecotoxicological impact of a group of persistent organic pollutants (POPs: dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs), polychlorobiphenyls (PCBs), polychlorobenzenes (PCBzs)), and polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were investigated in surface sediment samples (0-5 cm, <63 ìm grain size) along the ecologically stressed Hooghly River estuary, East India. The results demonstrated a wide range of concentrations (ng/g dry weight) with the following decreasing order: ?16PAHs (3.3-630) > ?6DDTs (0.14-18.6) > ?7PCBs (0.28-7.7) > ?2PCBzs (0.01-1.3) > ?5HCH (0.10-0.6), with a dominance of p,p'-DDT and higher molecular weight PAHs. Selected diagnostic ratios indicated a mixture of both pyrolytic and petrogenic sources of PAHs, inputs of weathered DDT and their degradation in oxidizing environment, and a predominance of industrial input over the agricultural wastes. The cumulative impact of the pollutants (effective range medium quotient (ERMq): 0.01-0.16) reflected minimal to low ecotoxicological risk, with highest probability of toxic effects towards surrounding biota at Barrackpore (21%). ?6DDTs exceeded the effect range low value resulting occasional adverse impact to the sediment dwelling organisms. Among the PAHs, the 4-ringed compounds accounted for 68% of the PAHs. Further, carcinogenic PAHs (BaA, Chry, BbF, BkF, BaP, DahP, Inp) possessed highest cancer risk (CR = 2.09 ? 10-3) to the local population when exposed to the sediments from the studied area and ingestion was found to be the primary process of contamination. The study strongly recommends a systematic monitoring of POPs and PAHs, being the Hooghly River water used by local people for their livelihood.
|
['Environmental Monitoring', 'Estuaries', 'Geologic Sediments', 'Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated', 'India', 'Pesticides', 'Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons', 'Rivers', 'Water Pollutants, Chemical']
| 30,639,811
|
[['N06.850.460.350.080', 'N06.850.780.375'], ['G01.311.625.540'], ['G01.311.330', 'G16.500.320'], ['D02.455.526.439'], ['Z01.252.245.393'], ['D27.720.031.700', 'D27.888.723'], ['D02.455.426.559.847', 'D04.615'], ['G01.311.750', 'G16.500.275.280.650', 'N06.230.232.650'], ['D27.888.284.903.655']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Effect of seeing tobacco use in films on trying smoking among adolescents: cross sectional study.
|
OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that greater exposure to smoking in films is associated with trying smoking among adolescents.DESIGN: Cross sectional survey of 4919 schoolchildren aged 9-15 years, and assessment of occurrence of smoking in 601 films.SETTING: Randomly selected middle schools in Vermont and New Hampshire, USA.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Number of schoolchildren who had ever tried smoking a cigarette.RESULTS: The films contained a median of 5 (interquartile range 1-12) occurrences of smoking. The typical adolescent had seen 17 of 50 films listed. Exposure to smoking in films varied widely: median 91 (49-152) occurrences. The prevalence of ever trying smoking increased with higher categories of exposure: 4.9% among students who saw 0-50 occurrences of smoking, 13.7% for 51-100 occurrences, 22.1% for 101-150, and 31.3% for >150. The association remained significant after adjustment for age; sex; school performance; school; parents' education; smoking by friend, sibling, or parent; and receptivity to tobacco promotions. The adjusted odds ratios of ever trying smoking for students in the higher categories of exposure, compared with students exposed to 0-50 occurrences of smoking in films, were 1.7 (95% confidence interval 1.2 to 2.4), 2.4 (1.7 to 3.4), and 2.7 (2.0 to 3.8). These odds ratios were not substantially affected by adjustment for parenting style or for personality traits of the adolescent.CONCLUSION: In this sample of adolescents there was a strong, direct, and independent association between seeing tobacco use in films and trying cigarettes, a finding that supports the hypothesis that smoking in films has a role in the initiation of smoking in adolescents.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adolescent Behavior', 'Age Factors', 'Child', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Imitative Behavior', 'Male', 'Motion Pictures', 'New Hampshire', 'Odds Ratio', 'Prevalence', 'Psychometrics', 'Risk Factors', 'Smoking', 'Social Environment', 'Television', 'Vermont']
| 11,744,562
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['F01.145.022'], ['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['M01.060.406'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.145.510'], ['J01.897.280.500.598', 'K01.093.545', 'L01.178.590.500', 'L01.178.820.090.598'], ['Z01.107.567.875.550.580'], ['E05.318.740.600.600', 'G17.680.500', 'N05.715.360.750.625.590', 'N06.850.520.830.600.600'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['F04.711.780'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['F01.145.805'], ['I01.880.853.500'], ['J01.897.280.500.898', 'L01.178.590.875', 'L01.178.820.090.898', 'L01.178.847.823'], ['Z01.107.567.875.550.880']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Fluoroquinolone resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae--Colorado and Washington, 1995.
|
The fluoroquinolones ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin are among the antimicrobial agents recommended by CDC for treating gonorrhea (1). In the United States, decreased susceptibility or resistance of strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to the fluoroquinolones has been reported only sporadically, and treatment failure associated with in vitro resistance has not been described (2). However, the recent occurrence of resistant cases in Denver and Seattle suggests that clinically important resistance to the fluoroquinolones may be emerging. This report describes the findings of the investigations of these cases.
|
['Adult', 'Anti-Infective Agents', 'Colorado', 'Drug Resistance, Microbial', 'Female', 'Fluoroquinolones', 'Gonorrhea', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Neisseria gonorrhoeae', 'Washington']
| 7,565,558
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D27.505.954.122'], ['Z01.107.567.875.760.210'], ['G06.225', 'G07.690.773.984.269'], ['D03.633.100.810.835.322'], ['C01.150.252.400.625.275', 'C01.150.252.734.401', 'C01.221.812.281.401', 'C01.778.281.401', 'C12.294.668.281.401', 'C13.351.500.711.281.401'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['B03.440.400.425.550.550.474', 'B03.660.075.525.520.400'], ['Z01.107.567.875.560.900', 'Z01.107.567.875.580.900']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
|
The birth and development of sexual medicine: reflections of my personal journey.
|
INTRODUCTION: The phrase "sexual medicine" has become commonplace, as there is now the International Society for Sexual Medicine, the British Society for Sexual Medicine, the European Academy for Sexual Medicine, and the Journal of Sexual Medicine. The historic origin of the phrase "sexual medicine" is somewhat obscure.AIM: The goal of this report is to provide my own individual journey as a physician to recall the use of the phrase "sexual medicine."METHODS: Literature review, personal historic recall.RESULTS: Gorm Wagner has identified an early publication/journal article [corrected] in the German language from 1908 that includes [corrected] "Sexualmedizin" in its title [corrected] Later journals between 1914 and 1933 are entitled "Sexualwissenschaft (Sexual Science)," but do not specifically use the term "Sexual Medicine" [corrected] I have no recollection of having heard the term "sexual medicine" before a meeting in 1970 on nonconsummation. I met Dr. Eric Trimmer, editor of "Medical News," who discussed with me the idea of introducing a new journal devoted to sexual issues. I suggested the title "British Journal of Sexual Medicine." The term "sexual medicine" was preferred because it encompassed both organic and psychological issues of sexual function and its problems. The British Journal of Sexual Medicine was published in 1973 to 1985. Other titles using Sexual Medicine appeared in other texts over the years.CONCLUSIONS: From my perspective, including a search of the literature in the English language published in or before 1970 that failed to find any reference to sexual medicine, I conclude that the phase "sexual medicine" was popularized in the 1970s.
|
['Clinical Medicine', 'Europe', 'History, 20th Century', 'Humans', 'Journalism, Medical', 'Periodicals as Topic', 'Sexology', 'Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological', 'Sexual Dysfunctions, Psychological', 'United States']
| 17,498,111
|
[['H02.403.200'], ['Z01.542'], ['K01.400.504.968'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.737.498.550'], ['L01.178.682.829.678'], ['F04.096.837'], ['C12.294.644', 'C13.351.500.665'], ['F03.835'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]
|
['Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
|
A naturally occurring gamma globin gene mutation enhances SP1 binding activity.
|
Transcription of the human fetal globin genes in erythroid cells is tightly regulated during different stages of development and differentiation. Two naturally occurring mutations 202 base pairs upstream of the duplicated gamma globin genes are associated with incorrectly regulated gamma globin gene gene expression; elevated levels of fetal globin are synthesized during adult life. A C-to-G base substitution upstream of the G gamma-globin gene is highly correlated with a dramatic increase in gene expression. It increases the similarity of the region to the consensus Sp1 recognition site. We determined that the mutated DNA had a 5- to 10-fold-higher affinity for Sp1 than did normal gamma globin gene sequence. We also observed a reduction in normal factor-binding activity. A different substitution at -202, C to T, upstream of the A gamma-globin gene was associated with a more moderate increase in fetal globin expression. This mutation decreased the similarity of the sequence to an Sp1 recognition site. We determined that it did not result in enhanced Sp1 binding but did alter normal factor binding. We suggest that these changes in nuclear protein-binding properties detected in vitro are responsible for the enhanced gamma globin gene expression found in -202 G gamma beta + patients with hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin.
|
['Base Sequence', 'Binding Sites', 'Cell Line', 'DNA, Viral', 'DNA-Binding Proteins', 'Fetal Hemoglobin', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Globins', 'Hemoglobinopathies', 'Humans', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Mutation', 'Oligonucleotide Probes', 'Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid', 'Simian virus 40', 'Sp1 Transcription Factor', 'Transcription Factors', 'Transcription, Genetic']
| 1,688,466
|
[['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['G02.111.570.120'], ['A11.251.210'], ['D13.444.308.568'], ['D12.776.260'], ['D12.776.124.400.303', 'D12.776.422.316.762.320'], ['G05.308'], ['D12.776.422.316'], ['C15.378.420', 'C16.320.365'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G05.365.590'], ['D13.444.600.601', 'D27.505.259.750.600.650', 'D27.720.470.530.600.650'], ['G02.111.570.080.689', 'G05.360.080.689'], ['B04.280.210.700.615.700', 'B04.613.204.670.615.700'], ['D12.776.260.522.750.249', 'D12.776.930.375.750.249'], ['D12.776.930'], ['G02.111.873', 'G05.297.700']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Concentration and isolation of DNA from biological fluids by agarose gel isotachophoresis.
|
Isotachophoresis is an electrophoretic method of separation of charged substances. The method is characterized by a discontinuous buffer system, constant velocity of separated molecules, and the distribution of separated components in the form of narrow concentrated bands located one right after another. As a rule, isotachophoresis is not used for the separation of nucleic acids because the mobility of polynucleotides in this system does not depend on their size. However, this circumstance proved to be very useful for the quantitative isolation of heterogeneous DNA fragments from biological fluids, for gene diagnostics of cancer in particular. The proposed method of agarose gel isotachophoresis of DNA has been used for the isolation of blood DNA and its successful PCR analysis.
|
['Buffers', 'DNA', 'DNA, Neoplasm', 'Electrophoresis, Agar Gel', 'Genetic Techniques', 'Humans', 'Neoplasms', 'Nucleic Acids', 'Pancreatic Neoplasms', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Sepharose']
| 16,312,218
|
[['D27.720.470.280'], ['D13.444.308'], ['D13.444.308.425'], ['E05.196.401.153', 'E05.301.300.100'], ['E05.393'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04'], ['D13.444'], ['C04.588.274.761', 'C04.588.322.475', 'C06.301.761', 'C06.689.667', 'C19.344.421'], ['E05.393.620.500'], ['D09.698.813']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Triiodothyronine deiodinating activity in brown adipose tissue after short cold stimulation test in trained and untrained rats.
|
Interscapular brown adipose tissue (IBAT) activity is controlled by sympathetic nervous system, and factors that influence thermogenesis appear to be centrally connected to the sympathetic outflow to IBAT. Cold exposure produces a rise in BAT temperature, which is associated with an increased thyroid activity, elevated serum levels of 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3), and an increased rate of T3 production. This study evaluated the effect of swimming training on 5'-triiodothyronine deiodinase (5'-D) activity in IBAT under normal environmental conditions and after short (30 min) cold exposure (TST stimulation test). 5'-D activity is lower in trained rats at basal condition, and TST increases 5'-D in IBAT of both untrained and trained rats. However, this increase is lower in trained rats. Training reduces the deiodinating activity in normal environmental conditions as well as after short cold exposure. Probably, other compensatory mechanisms of heat production are active in trained rodents.
|
['Adipose Tissue, Brown', 'Animals', 'Body Temperature Regulation', 'Cold Temperature', 'Eating', 'Iodide Peroxidase', 'Male', 'Oxygen Consumption', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Thyroxine', 'Triiodothyronine']
| 14,984,316
|
[['A10.165.114.322'], ['B01.050'], ['G07.110.232', 'G07.410.421', 'G16.012.500.535'], ['G01.906.595.272', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710.300', 'G16.500.750.775.710.300', 'N06.230.300.100.725.154', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710.300'], ['G07.203.650.283', 'G10.261.330'], ['D08.811.682.732.525'], ['G03.680'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['D06.472.931.812', 'D12.125.072.050.767'], ['D06.472.931.740.385', 'D12.125.072.050.767.741.894']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
LFCseq: a nonparametric approach for differential expression analysis of RNA-seq data.
|
BACKGROUND: With the advances in high-throughput DNA sequencing technologies, RNA-seq has rapidly emerged as a powerful tool for the quantitative analysis of gene expression and transcript variant discovery. In comparative experiments, differential expression analysis is commonly performed on RNA-seq data to identify genes/features that are differentially expressed between biological conditions. Most existing statistical methods for differential expression analysis are parametric and assume either Poisson distribution or negative binomial distribution on gene read counts. However, violation of distributional assumptions or a poor estimation of parameters often leads to unreliable results.RESULTS: In this paper, we introduce a new nonparametric approach called LFCseq that uses log fold changes as a differential expression test statistic. To test each gene for differential expression, LFCseq estimates a null probability distribution of count changes from a selected set of genes with similar expression strength. In contrast, the nonparametric NOISeq approach relies on a null distribution estimated from all genes within an experimental condition regardless of their expression levels.CONCLUSION: Through extensive simulation study and RNA-seq real data analysis, we demonstrate that the proposed approach could well rank the differentially expressed genes ahead of non-differentially expressed genes, thereby achieving a much improved overall performance for differential expression analysis.
|
['Algorithms', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Computer Simulation', 'Gene Expression Profiling', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic', 'HEK293 Cells', 'Humans', 'Poisson Distribution', 'RNA', 'Sequence Analysis, RNA', 'Software']
| 25,560,842
|
[['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['L01.224.160'], ['E05.393.332'], ['G05.308.370'], ['A11.251.210.172.750', 'A11.436.334'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.740.994.750', 'G17.820.750', 'N05.715.360.750.750.620', 'N06.850.520.830.994.750'], ['D13.444.735'], ['E05.393.760.710'], ['L01.224.900']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Molecular cloning and chromosomal localization of human 4-beta-galactosyltransferase.
|
A cDNA clone to human 4-beta-galactosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.38) was isolated from a human liver lambda gt11 expression library by using a monospecific polyclonal antiserum to affinity-purified bovine enzyme. The authenticity of this cDNA clone has been demonstrated by several criteria. Under conditions of chronic treatment with the beta-adrenergic receptor agonist isoproterenol, rat parotid glands show an approximately 10-fold increase in 4-beta-galactosyltransferase activity. The increased enzyme activity was reflected in dot-blot analysis of control and isoproterenol-treated rat parotid RNA by using the human cDNA as probe. Hybrid-selection and in vitro translation identified a protein product with a molecular mass of 47 kDa that was immunoprecipitated with the bovine antiserum. The full-length human cDNA clone was then isolated and the DNA sequence for the NH2-terminal portion of the protein was deduced. Comparison of the NH2-terminal protein sequence from the bovine protein with that of the human cDNA clone confirmed its identity. In addition, the human cDNA clone was used to localize the gene for 4-beta-galactosyltransferase to human chromosome 4 by Southern analysis of a somatic cell hybrid panel.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Base Sequence', 'Chromosome Mapping', 'Chromosomes, Human, Pair 4', 'Cloning, Molecular', 'DNA', 'Galactosyltransferases', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Humans', 'Isoproterenol', 'Parotid Gland', 'RNA, Messenger']
| 3,097,639
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['E05.393.183'], ['A11.284.187.520.300.280.285', 'G05.360.162.520.300.280.285'], ['E05.393.220'], ['D13.444.308'], ['D08.811.913.400.450.400'], ['G05.308'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D02.033.100.291.439', 'D02.092.063.291.439', 'D02.092.311.649', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.175.649'], ['A03.556.500.760.464', 'A10.336.779.464', 'A14.549.760.464'], ['D13.444.735.544']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Envelope glycoprotein and CD4 independence of vpu-facilitated human immunodeficiency virus type 1 capsid export.
|
The effect of vpu on the release of human immunodeficiency type 1 capsid proteins was examined in the presence or absence of virus-encoded envelope glycoproteins as well as in cells which constitutively express either the CD4 or CD8 protein. The results show that vpu-mediated facilitated export of capsid proteins from HeLa cells does not require expression of the envelope glycoprotein. The experiments also show that export of virus capsid proteins from HeLa cells facilitated by vpu is not affected by coexpression of either the CD4 or CD8 protein. The vpu protein acts in trans to facilitate export of virus capsid proteins from HeLa cells.
|
['Antigens, CD', 'Capsid', 'Codon', 'Genes, Viral', 'Genes, env', 'Genes, vpu', 'HIV-1', 'HeLa Cells', 'Human Immunodeficiency Virus Proteins', 'Humans', 'Kinetics', 'Mutagenesis, Site-Directed', 'Proviruses', 'Restriction Mapping', 'Trans-Activators', 'Transfection', 'Viral Envelope Proteins', 'Viral Regulatory and Accessory Proteins']
| 1,629,967
|
[['D23.050.301.264.035', 'D23.101.100.110'], ['A21.249.500.250'], ['D13.444.735.544.355', 'G05.360.335.355', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.190'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.364.875', 'G05.360.340.358.024.875', 'G05.360.340.358.840.500'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.364.875.172', 'G05.360.340.358.024.875.172', 'G05.360.340.358.840.500.172'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.364.875.900', 'G05.360.340.024.340.425.580', 'G05.360.340.358.024.875.900', 'G05.360.340.358.840.500.900'], ['B04.820.650.589.650.350.400'], ['A11.251.210.190.400', 'A11.251.860.180.400', 'A11.436.340'], ['D12.776.964.775.562'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['E05.393.420.601.575'], ['B04.725'], ['E05.393.183.620.650', 'E05.393.712'], ['D12.776.260.755', 'D12.776.930.900', 'D12.776.964.925.984'], ['E05.393.350.810', 'G05.728.860'], ['D09.400.430.968', 'D12.776.395.550.993', 'D12.776.543.550.993', 'D12.776.964.970.880'], ['D12.776.964.925']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Isolation of a cDNA encoding a photoreceptor cell-specific actin-bundling protein: retinal fascin.
|
We have isolated a novel retina-specific gene, retinal fascin, encoding a new member of actin-bundling protein gene family, from a bovine retina cDNA library. The cDNA encodes a 492 amino acid protein which shows 36-57% amino acid identity with three vertebrate fascins, echinoid fascin and Drosophila singed gene. Northern blot analysis revealed that retinal fascin mRNA was exclusively expressed in the eye and not seen in other tissues examined. In situ hybridization analysis indicated that retinal fascin mRNA signals were found only in the inner segment of the photoreceptor layer and outer nuclear layer, indicating that retinal fascin was specifically expressed in photoreceptor cells. As fascins are actin-bundling proteins important for constructing several intracellular structures, retinal fascin might play a pivotal role in photoreceptor cell-specific events, such as disk morphogenesis.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Animals', 'Base Sequence', 'Carrier Proteins', 'Cattle', 'DNA, Complementary', 'Drosophila', 'Humans', 'In Situ Hybridization', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Microfilament Proteins', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Photoreceptor Cells', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Retina', 'Sequence Alignment', 'Sequence Homology, Amino Acid', 'Transcription, Genetic', 'Xenopus']
| 9,315,724
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['B01.050'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['D12.776.157'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['D13.444.308.497.220', 'D13.444.600.223.500', 'D27.720.470.530.600.223.260'], ['B01.050.500.131.617.720.500.500.750.310.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.670.325', 'E01.370.225.750.600.670.325', 'E05.200.500.620.670.325', 'E05.200.750.600.670.325', 'E05.393.661.475'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['D05.750.078.730', 'D12.776.220.525'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['A08.675.650.850.625', 'A08.675.650.915.937', 'A08.800.950.937', 'A09.371.729.831.625', 'A11.671.650.850.625', 'A11.671.650.915.937'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900'], ['A09.371.729'], ['E05.393.751'], ['G02.111.810.200', 'G05.810.200'], ['G02.111.873', 'G05.297.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.090.180.610.500']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Nerve conduction studies in lower limb of elite Nepalese football players: an insight into neural adaptations.
|
BACKGROUND: The study was aimed to assess somatic neural alterations in lower limbs of elite Nepalese football players by comparing their nerve conduction parameters with non-athletic controls.METHODS: Players (N.=27, age 22.74±2.52 yrs.) with excellent cardio-respiratory fitness and presenting no signs of injuries, and sedentary controls (N.=29, age 23.41±2.95 yrs.) were recruited for the study. Standard nerve conduction techniques were applied to evaluate posterior tibial and sural nerves in the dominant and non-dominant limbs of each individual. Conduction velocity, onset latency, amplitude and duration of the motor and sensory evoked responses were recorded.RESULTS: The players had significantly lower resting mean heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure than controls. Tibial compound muscle action potential (CMAP) showed higher amplitude as compared to controls; tibial proximal CMAP amplitude [(13.624±4.57) vs. (10.810±4.62) mV, P=0.035] of dominant leg, tibial proximal [(13.893±4.60) vs. (11.083±4.51) mV, P=0.045] and distal [(16.388±3.62) vs. (13.958±4.65) mV, P=0.049] amplitude of non-dominant leg. Likewise, players had significantly shorter tibial CMAPs duration of each lower limb compared with corresponding limb of controls. Sural nerve of non-dominant leg revealed shortened sensory nerve action potential duration [(1.729±0.25) vs. (1.904±0.289) ms, P=0.018].CONCLUSIONS: Increased tibial CMAP amplitude and decreased CMAP duration in players suggest excitation of more number of motor units and higher synchronicity of muscle fibers' discharge than in controls respectively. Higher amplitude can also be attributed to increase in muscle fiber size and/or efficiency of neuromuscular transmission. Increased synchronicity indirectly reflects narrow range of conduction velocity among tibial neurons. The adaptive changes in somatic nerves need more crucial research for exact identification of sites and the structures responsible.
|
['Action Potentials', 'Adaptation, Physiological', 'Adult', 'Electromyography', 'Humans', 'Lower Extremity', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Nepal', 'Neural Conduction', 'Soccer', 'Tibial Nerve']
| 26,842,865
|
[['G04.580.100', 'G07.265.675.100', 'G11.561.570.100'], ['G07.025', 'G16.012.500'], ['M01.060.116'], ['E01.370.405.255', 'E01.370.530.255'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A01.378.610'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['Z01.252.245.674'], ['G07.265.753', 'G11.561.601'], ['I03.450.642.845.800'], ['A08.800.800.720.450.760.820']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
|
A theoretical argumentation on the consequences of moral stress.
|
BACKGROUND: Intensive care units are characterized by heavy workloads, increasing work complexity and ethical concerns related to life-and-death decisions. In the present study, it is assumed that there is a relationship between moral stress, support and competence for nurses in intensive care units.AIM: To analyse and describe the theoretical relationship between moral stress and support on the one hand and competence on the other, in the context of intensive care.METHOD: A form of qualitative secondary analysis based on the findings from three original studies. In the analytic process a theory on professional competence was used.FINDINGS: The findings suggest that imbalance due to moral stress between different competences hinders the development of collectively shared caring competence.CONCLUSIONS: Moral stress cannot be totally eliminated in the intensive care unit. But moral stress is not only a problem. It can also become a driving force to stimulate competence.
|
['Adaptation, Psychological', 'Attitude of Health Personnel', 'Burnout, Professional', 'Clinical Competence', 'Conflict, Psychological', 'Cooperative Behavior', 'Critical Care', 'Decision Making', 'Empathy', 'Ethical Theory', 'Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice', 'Humans', 'Interprofessional Relations', 'Morals', 'Nursing Methodology Research', 'Nursing Staff, Hospital', 'Nursing Theory', 'Psychological Theory', 'Qualitative Research', 'Risk Factors', 'Self Efficacy', 'Social Support', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Sweden']
| 17,456,175
|
[['F01.058'], ['F01.100.050', 'N05.300.100'], ['C24.580.500', 'F01.145.126.990.367.500', 'F02.830.900.333.500'], ['I02.399.630.210', 'N04.761.210', 'N05.715.175'], ['F01.658.209'], ['F01.145.813.115'], ['E02.760.190', 'N02.421.585.190'], ['F02.463.785.373'], ['F01.752.355', 'F01.752.543.500.500'], ['K01.752.566.479.118', 'N05.350.256'], ['F01.100.150.500', 'N05.300.150.410'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.829.401.205'], ['F01.829.500', 'K01.752.566'], ['H01.770.644.145.390.634', 'H02.478.395.634', 'N04.590.233.508.613.634'], ['M01.526.485.680.490', 'M01.526.485.740.523', 'N02.360.680.490', 'N02.360.740.523'], ['H02.478.408'], ['F02.739'], ['H01.770.644.241.850'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['F01.752.747.792.700'], ['I01.880.853.500.600'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['Z01.542.816.500']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
[Histamine concentration in the arterial and venous blood, plasma and basophile leucocytes on patients with chronic obstructive bronchitis and on healthy persons ].
|
Patients with chronic obstructive bronchitis (non atopics) show significant increased histamine concentrations in the plasma. In these patients the histamine concentration in the whole blood was also higher. The histamine concentration in the blood reflect primarily the concentration of basophiles. In individual patients very high plasma and whole blood histamine concentrations were found. The concentration of histamine in the venous plasma was about 2/3 of this of the arterial plasma. No difference in basophile histamine concentration was observed between patients and controls. The histamine concentrations in the plasma reflect primarily the high local histamine concentration in the bronchial mucosa. The plasma histamine concentration itself does not act as direct bronchoconstrictor. The histamine dependent bronchoconstriction is believed to be mostly reflex bronchoconstriction by challenge locally the sensoric receptors in the bronchial mucosa.
|
['Basophils', 'Blood Gas Analysis', 'Bronchitis', 'Histamine', 'Humans', 'Plethysmography, Whole Body']
| 7,120,876
|
[['A11.118.637.415.120', 'A11.627.340.120', 'A15.145.229.637.415.120', 'A15.382.490.315.120'], ['E01.370.225.124.100.100', 'E01.370.386.700.100', 'E05.200.124.100.100'], ['C01.748.099', 'C08.127.446', 'C08.381.495.146', 'C08.730.099'], ['D02.092.211.215.501', 'D02.092.471.440', 'D03.383.129.308.373', 'D23.469.050.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.370.610.805', 'E01.370.386.700.615']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Molecular mechanisms of tirapazamine (SR 4233, Win 59075)-induced hepatocyte toxicity under low oxygen concentrations.
|
Previously we showed that tirapazamine (SR 4233, Win 59075) is cytotoxic towards hepatocytes under conditions of hypoxia but not in 10% or 95% oxygen and that bioreduction by DT-diaphorase or cytochrome P450 is not a major pathway. In the present study, we report that tirapazamine is highly cytotoxic to isolated rat hepatocytes maintained under 1% oxygen and the molecular cytotoxic mechanism has been elucidated. Cytotoxicity was prevented by the cytochrome P450 2E1 inhibitors phenyl imidazole, isoniazid, isopropanol or ethanol, suggesting that cytochrome P450 2E1 catalysed tirapazamine reductive bioactivation. By contrast, dicoumarol, a DT-diaphorase inhibitor, markedly increased tirapazamine-induced cytotoxicity. Cytotoxicity was also inhibited in normal but not DT-diaphorase-inactivated hepatocytes by increasing cellular NADH levels with lactate or ethanol or the mitochondrial respiratory inhibitors. Evidence that oxygen activation contributed to cytotoxicity was that glutathione oxidation occurred well before cytotoxicity ensued and that tirapazamine was more cytotoxic towards catalase- or glutathione reductase-inactivated hepatocytes. Furthermore, polyphenolic antioxidants such as quercetin, caffeic acid or purpurogallin, the radical trap Tempol or the iron chelator desferrioxamine prevented tirapazamine-mediated cytotoxicity. However, the antioxidants diphenylphenylenediamine, butylated hydroxyanisole or butylated hydroxytoluene did not prevent cytotoxicity and malonaldehyde formation was not increased, suggesting that lipid peroxidation was not important. The above results suggest that DT-diaphorase detoxifies tirapazamine whereas reduced cytochrome P450 reduces tirapazamine to a nitrogen oxide anion radical which forms cytotoxic reactive oxygen species as a result of redox cycling.
|
['Animals', 'Antineoplastic Agents', 'Antioxidants', 'Cell Hypoxia', 'Cell Survival', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Cytochrome P-450 CYP2E1', 'Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors', 'Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System', 'Electron Transport', 'Kinetics', 'Liver', 'Male', 'Mitochondria, Liver', 'NAD(P)H Dehydrogenase (Quinone)', 'Oxidoreductases, N-Demethylating', 'Radiation-Protective Agents', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Tirapazamine', 'Triazines']
| 7,710,944
|
[['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.248'], ['D27.505.519.217', 'D27.505.696.706.125', 'D27.720.799.047'], ['G03.197.300', 'G04.270.300'], ['G04.346'], ['A11.251'], ['D08.244.453.491.375', 'D08.811.682.662.582.338', 'D08.811.682.690.708.170.450.375', 'D12.776.422.220.453.491.375'], ['D27.505.389.500', 'D27.505.519.389.335'], ['D08.244.453', 'D08.811.682.690.708.170', 'D12.776.422.220.453'], ['G02.111.248', 'G03.295.531.403', 'G03.493.350'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['A03.620'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.564.461', 'A11.284.835.626.461'], ['D08.811.682.608.800.500'], ['D08.811.682.662.582'], ['D27.505.696.706.776', 'D27.720.799.763'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['D03.383.931.867'], ['D03.383.931']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Primary atrial heart tumors--a review of 21 cases].
|
Between 1978 and 1986, atrial heart tumors were found in 21 of our patients, all of them subsequently underwent surgery. Pathological-histological examination in 20 patients confirmed the diagnosis of a myxoma; the one remaining case was a female patient with primary cardiogenic osteosarcoma. Of the 20 patients, 15 (75%) were females; in four female patients (20%) the tumor was localized in the right atrium. The main symptoms and findings were elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rates (80%), stress-induced dyspnea or paroxysmal dyspnea (71% resp.), and diastolic mitral or tricuspid murmurs (62%). The patient with osteosarcoma died of cachexia on the basis of generalized diffuse metastases. One female patient with a preoperative history of severe left ventricular impairment on the basis of dilative cardiomyopathy died 5 weeks after surgery. Relapse of atrial myxoma has not yet occurred during follow-up since 1978.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Echocardiography', 'Female', 'Heart Atria', 'Heart Neoplasms', 'Heart Valve Diseases', 'Heart Valve Prosthesis', 'Heart Valves', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Myxoma', 'Osteosarcoma', 'Postoperative Complications']
| 3,213,145
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E01.370.350.130.750', 'E01.370.350.850.220', 'E01.370.370.380.220'], ['A07.541.358'], ['C04.588.894.309', 'C14.280.459'], ['C14.280.484'], ['E07.695.310'], ['A07.541.510'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04.557.450.565.550'], ['C04.557.450.565.575.650', 'C04.557.450.795.620'], ['C23.550.767']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Factors associated with prior engagement in high-risk sexual behaviours among adolescents (10-19 years) in a pastoralist post-conflict community, Karamoja sub-region, North eastern Uganda.
|
BACKGROUND: Adolescent sexual risky behaviours continue to be significant drivers of the HIV epidemic globally. The objective of this study was to determine factors associated with prior engagement in high-risk sexual behaviours among adolescents (10-19 years) in Karamoja sub-region, a pastoralist and post-conflict community in North-eastern Uganda.METHODS: Between August and September 2016, we conducted a cross-sectional study among 1439 adolescents receiving primary healthcare services at nine public health facilities located in five of the seven districts that make up Karamoja sub-region. High-risk sexual behaviour was defined as engaging in sex with two or more (2+) sexual partners in the 6 months preceding the survey or exchanging sex for money or gifts with no or inconsistent use of condoms over the same period of time. Factors associated with prior engagement in high-risk sexual behaviours were analysed using a modified Poison regression model with log-link and Poisson-family via a generalized linear model.RESULTS: Eighty-two percent (81.8%, n = 1177) of the respondents had ever tested for HIV while 62 % (61.5%, n = 885) had ever had sex. Of those that had ever had sex, 11.4% (n = 101) reported prior engagement in high-risk sexual behaviours. Prior engagement in high-risk sexual behaviours was lower among men than women (adjusted prevalence ratio (adj. PR) = 0.46; 95% Confidence Interval (95% CI): 0.33, 0.62) and those whose sex debut was above 14 years (adj.PR = 0.63; 95% CI: 0.57, 0.69). However, prior engagement in high-risk sexual behaviours was significantly higher in adolescents who were not aware of their recent sexual partner's HIV status (adj.PR = 2.43; 95% CI: 1.68, 3.52) and those who used illicit drugs (adj.PR = 2.76; 95% CI: 1.88, 4.05).CONCLUSION: Prior engagement in high-risk sexual behaviours was significantly associated with having sex with partners of unknown HIV sero-status and use of illicit drugs. These findings suggest a need for targeted interventions to improve mutual HIV status disclosure between sexual partners while minimizing their use of illicit drugs/substances.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adolescent Behavior', 'Agriculture', 'Armed Conflicts', 'Child', 'Condoms', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Female', 'HIV Infections', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Risk Factors', 'Risk-Taking', 'Sexual Behavior', 'Sexual Partners', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Uganda', 'Young Adult']
| 31,366,339
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['F01.145.022'], ['J01.040'], ['I01.880.735.950.250'], ['M01.060.406'], ['E07.190.270.150'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['C01.221.250.875', 'C01.221.812.640.400', 'C01.778.640.400', 'C01.925.782.815.616.400', 'C01.925.813.400', 'C20.673.480'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['F01.145.722'], ['F01.145.802'], ['M01.778'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['Z01.058.290.120.880'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Molecular mechanism for muscarinic M1
|
KEY POINTS: The muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR)-mediated increase in excitability in rat adrenal medullary cells is at least in part due to inhibition of TWIK (tandem of P domains in a weak inwardly rectifying K+ channel)-related acid-sensitive K+ (TASK)1 channels. In this study we focused on the molecular mechanism of mAChR-mediated inhibition of TASK1 channels. Exposure to muscarine resulted in a clathrin-dependent endocytosis of TASK1 channels following activation of the muscarinic M1 receptor (M1 R). This muscarinic signal for the endocytosis was mediated in sequence by phospholipase C (PLC), protein kinase C (PKC), and then the non-receptor tyrosine kinase Src with the consequent tyrosine phosphorylation of TASK1. The present results establish that TASK1 channels are tyrosine phosphorylated and internalized in a clathrin-dependent manner in response to M1 R stimulation and this translocation is at least in part responsible for muscarinic inhibition of TASK1 channels in rat AM cells.ABSTRACT: Activation of muscarinic receptor (mAChR) in rat adrenal medullary (AM) cells induces depolarization through the inhibition of TWIK-related acid-sensitive K+ (TASK)1 channels. Here, pharmacological and immunological approaches were used to elucidate the molecular mechanism for this mAChR-mediated inhibition. TASK1-like immunoreactive (IR) material was mainly located at the cell periphery in dissociated rat AM cells, and its majority was internalized in response to muscarine. The muscarine-induced inward current and translocation of TASK1 were suppressed by dynasore, a dynamin inhibitor. The muscarinic translocation was suppressed by MT7, a specific M1 antagonist, and the dose-response curves for muscarinic agonist-induced translocation were similar to those for the muscarinic inhibition of TASK1 currents. The muscarine-induced inward current and/or translocation of TASK1 were suppressed by inhibitors for phospholipase C (PLC), protein kinase C (PKC), and/or Src. TASK1 channels in AM cells and PC12 cells were transiently associated with Src and were tyrosine phosphorylated in response to muscarinic stimulation. After internalization, TASK1 channels were quickly dephosphorylated even while they remained in the cytoplasm. The cytoplasmic TASK1-like IR material quickly recycled back to the cell periphery after muscarine stimulation for 0.5 min, but not 10 min. We conclude that M1 R stimulation results in internalization of TASK1 channels through the PLC-PKC-Src pathway with the consequent phosphorylation of tyrosine and that this M1 R-mediated internalization is at least in part responsible for muscarinic inhibition of TASK1 channels in rat AM cells.
|
['Adrenal Medulla', 'Animals', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Endocytosis', 'Male', 'Nerve Tissue Proteins', 'PC12 Cells', 'Potassium Channels, Tandem Pore Domain', 'Protein Kinase C', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Receptors, Muscarinic', 'Type C Phospholipases', 'src-Family Kinases']
| 28,944,482
|
[['A06.300.071.265'], ['B01.050'], ['A11.251'], ['G04.417'], ['D12.776.631'], ['A11.251.210.190.750', 'A11.251.860.180.750', 'A11.299.500'], ['D12.776.157.530.400.600.850', 'D12.776.543.550.450.750.850', 'D12.776.543.585.400.750.850'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.725'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.475', 'D12.776.543.750.720.360.500'], ['D08.811.277.352.640.700.700'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.800']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
A quantitative morphology of nucleoli of erythroblasts in the mouse spleen: an electron microscopic study.
|
Nucleolar changes during the differentiation of erythroblasts in the mouse spleen were examined quantitatively by electron microscopy. On the basis of a three-dimensional nuclear analysis, as reported previously, the erythroblasts could be classified into four types: small (S), medium (M), large (L) and extra-large (EL). Extra-large and large erythroblasts have large prominent nucleoli which are usually attached to the nuclear membrane. Medium and small erythroblasts have small nucleoli which are generally separated from the nuclear margin. The volumetric ratio of nucleoli to nucleus obtained by a point-counting method is 0.157 +/- 0.016 in EL; 0.135 +/- 0.011 in L; 0.035 +/- 0.004 in M and 0.015 +/- 0.004 in S, and the volume of nucleoli is 37.8 microns3 in EL; 17.3 microns3 in L; 2.3 microns3 in M; 0.5 microns3 in S, respectively. The number of nucleoli per nucleus is largest (3.9) in EL and smallest (0.6) in S. The nucleolar changes are discussed in relation to the developmental sequence of the erythroid series.
|
['Aging', 'Animals', 'Animals, Newborn', 'Cell Differentiation', 'Cell Nucleolus', 'Erythroblasts', 'Erythrocytes', 'Female', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred Strains', 'Microscopy, Electron', 'Spleen']
| 6,870,491
|
[['G07.345.124'], ['B01.050'], ['B01.050.050.282'], ['G04.152'], ['A11.284.430.106.279.345.175'], ['A11.148.378.590.837.250.200', 'A11.443.240.497.200', 'A15.378.316.378.590.837.250.200'], ['A11.118.290', 'A11.443.240', 'A15.145.229.334'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400'], ['E01.370.350.515.402', 'E05.595.402'], ['A10.549.700', 'A15.382.520.604.700']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The tyrphostin AG1024 accelerates the degradation of phosphorylated forms of retinoblastoma protein (pRb) and restores pRb tumor suppressive function in melanoma cells.
|
Constitutive cell surface receptor kinase signaling and persistent phosphorylation/inactivation of the retinoblastoma (pRb) family of proteins (pRb, p107 and p130, known as pocket proteins) have been implicated in conferring uncontrolled growth to melanoma cells. However, the signals linking receptor kinase activity to neutralization of pocket proteins have not yet been fully elucidated. We therefore used specific chemical inhibitors to examine pRb regulation in melanoma cells. The most efficient agent, AG1024, known as an inhibitor of insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor and insulin receptor, arrested melanoma cell growth in vitro at nanomolar concentrations within 24 h of application. AG1024 inhibited the mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathway and restored pRb tumor suppressive function. The latter was observed by the reduction in the phosphorylated forms of pRb, p107 and p130, and the formation of growth suppressive DNA binding complexes consisting of pRb and E2F1 or E2F3. The loss of phosphorylated forms of pRb at early time points after AG1024 application was not associated with suppression of cyclin-dependent kinases 2 and 4 activity but rather with proteasomal and nonproteasomal degradation. Thus, inhibition of melanoma cell proliferation by AG1024 is mediated by inhibition of mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2 signaling and activation of pRb by a mechanism involving protein degradation.
|
['Animals', 'Cell Cycle Proteins', 'Cell Division', 'Cyclin-Dependent Kinases', 'DNA-Binding Proteins', 'E2F Transcription Factors', 'E2F1 Transcription Factor', 'E2F3 Transcription Factor', 'Humans', 'MAP Kinase Signaling System', 'Melanocytes', 'Melanoma', 'Mice', 'Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1', 'Phosphorylation', 'Retinoblastoma Protein', 'Transcription Factors', 'Tyrphostins', 'Ubiquitin']
| 12,649,208
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.776.167'], ['G04.144.220', 'G04.161.750.500', 'G05.113', 'G07.345.249.410.750.500'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.646.500', 'D12.644.360.250', 'D12.776.167.200', 'D12.776.476.250'], ['D12.776.260'], ['D12.776.930.211'], ['D12.644.360.024.328.049', 'D12.776.157.057.158.049', 'D12.776.476.024.420.049', 'D12.776.660.769.049', 'D12.776.930.211.500'], ['D12.776.930.211.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G02.111.820.560', 'G03.493.560', 'G04.835.560'], ['A11.409.750', 'A11.436.613'], ['C04.557.465.625.650.510', 'C04.557.580.625.650.510', 'C04.557.665.510'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.567.249.500', 'D12.644.360.450.169.500', 'D12.776.476.450.169.500'], ['G02.111.665', 'G02.607.780', 'G03.796'], ['D12.776.260.704', 'D12.776.624.776.745', 'D12.776.660.807', 'D12.776.744.770'], ['D12.776.930'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.150.795', 'D02.626.886', 'D03.633.100.857.885'], ['D12.776.947.500']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
A system for analysis of arterial blood pressure waveforms in humans.
|
Recent developments in arterial hemodynamics have indicated that the human arterial pressure waveform contains more information than is available from conventional sphygmomanometry. This information includes indices describing left ventricular systolic function and arterial properties. A cheap and reliable system was designed and implemented using readily available hardware for recording, analysis, and storage of arterial pressure waveforms. The system embodies an online technique for synthesizing ascending aortic pressure waveform from recordings made at different peripheral sites of the human arterial system. Eighteen indices are then derived from arterial pressure waveforms. This system can be used in an outpatient clinic for assisting in current pharmacological management of cardiovascular disease. It can also be extended to the critical care area, where the extra information provided aid in assessing the patient's condition.
|
['Aged', 'Algorithms', 'Ambulatory Care', 'Aorta', 'Arteries', 'Blood Pressure', 'Blood Pressure Determination', 'Cardiac Output', 'Computer Systems', 'Critical Care', 'Database Management Systems', 'Heart Diseases', 'Heart Rate', 'Hemodynamics', 'Humans', 'Information Storage and Retrieval', 'Online Systems', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted', 'Systole', 'Vascular Diseases', 'Ventricular Function, Left']
| 9,281,331
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['E02.760.106', 'N02.421.585.106'], ['A07.015.114.056'], ['A07.015.114'], ['E01.370.600.875.249', 'G09.330.380.076'], ['E01.370.370.140', 'E01.370.600.100'], ['E01.370.370.380.150', 'G09.330.380.124'], ['L01.224.230'], ['E02.760.190', 'N02.421.585.190'], ['L01.224.068', 'L01.224.900.280', 'N04.452.515.110'], ['C14.280'], ['E01.370.600.875.500', 'G09.330.380.500'], ['G09.330.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.313.500.750.280', 'L01.470'], ['L01.313.500.750.300.742'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['L01.224.800'], ['G09.330.580.880', 'G11.427.494.570.880'], ['C14.907'], ['G09.330.955.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Intermediates in the biosynthesis of double-stranded ribonucleic acids of bacteriophage phi 6.
|
Pseudomonas phaseolicola infected with bacteriophage phi 6 synthesized all three viral double-stranded RNA segments, three single-stranded RNAs, and three replicative intermediate-like RNAs in the presence of rifampin. The single-stranded RNA intermediates sedimented and electrophoresed along with melted viral double-stranded RNA, annealed with melted viral double-stranded RNA, and were transient in nature. The relative amounts of the single-stranded RNA intermediates varied during the infection cycle and were altered in the presence of chloramphenicol. The replicative intermediate-like RNAs sedimented faster than double-stranded RNA, failed to enter 2.5% polyacrylamide gels, eluted with double-stranded RNA from a CF-11 cellulose column, were precipitated with single-stranded RNA in 2 M LiC1, and yielded three genome-size pieces of double-stranded RNA upon digestion with RNase. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that complementary strands of the phi 6 double-stranded RNAs are synthesized asynchronously during the infection cycle.
|
['Bacteriophages', 'Chloramphenicol', 'Depression, Chemical', 'Molecular Weight', 'Nucleic Acid Hybridization', 'Pseudomonas', 'RNA, Viral', 'Rifampin']
| 1,055,383
|
[['B04.123'], ['D02.033.455.706.300', 'D02.455.426.559.389.565.175', 'D02.640.529.175'], ['G07.690.773.750'], ['G02.494'], ['E05.393.661', 'G02.111.611'], ['B03.440.400.425.625.625', 'B03.660.250.580.590'], ['D13.444.735.828'], ['D03.633.400.811.700', 'D04.345.295.750.700']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Aminopeptidase N is involved in cell motility and angiogenesis: its clinical significance in human colon cancer.
|
BACKGROUND & AIMS: The molecular basis of cell motility is highly complex and is controlled by a number of molecular systems, whereas angiogenesis is an important biological component of tumor progression. The aims of this study were to investigate the possible involvement of proteins at the cell surface in controlling cell motility and angiogenesis, and to identify the cell surface molecules involved in gastrointestinal tumors.METHODS: We addressed these issues using functional monoclonal antibodies, which inhibit cell motility, endothelial cell migration, and tube formation. Furthermore, we investigated the relationship between this antigen and colon cancer, and showed the prognostic significance in human colon cancer.RESULTS: We established a murine monoclonal antibody MH8-11, which inhibits cell motility and in vitro angiogenesis. This epitope was a 165-kilodalton protein, and the sequencing analysis revealed that it was almost identical to aminopeptidase N (APN)/cluster of differentiation (CD) 13. APN/CD13 expression was associated with tumor status (P = 0.025). The disease-free and overall survival rate for patients with positive APN/CD13 expression tumors was significantly lower than that for patients with negative APN/CD13 expression tumors (P = 0.014, 0.033, respectively). Among 47 node-positive patients, the survival rate of patients with negative APN/CD13 expression was better than that of those with positive APN/CD13 expression.CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that APN/CD13 is involved in cell motility and angiogenesis, and APN/CD13 expression may be a useful indicator of a poor prognosis for node-positive patients with colon cancer.
|
['Animals', 'Antibodies, Monoclonal', 'Antigens, Neoplasm', 'B-Lymphocytes', 'CD13 Antigens', 'Capillaries', 'Cell Division', 'Cell Movement', 'Colonic Neoplasms', 'DNA, Complementary', 'Disease-Free Survival', 'Epitopes', 'Fibrosarcoma', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic', 'Humans', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred BALB C', 'Neovascularization, Pathologic', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Prognosis', 'Survival Analysis', 'Transfection', 'Tumor Cells, Cultured', 'Umbilical Veins']
| 11,832,452
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224'], ['D23.050.285'], ['A11.063.438', 'A11.118.637.555.567.562', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.562', 'A15.382.032.438', 'A15.382.490.555.567.562'], ['D08.811.277.656.350.100.160', 'D08.811.277.656.350.555.100', 'D08.811.277.656.675.555.100', 'D23.050.301.264.894.113', 'D23.101.100.894.113'], ['A07.015.461.165'], ['G04.144.220', 'G04.161.750.500', 'G05.113', 'G07.345.249.410.750.500'], ['G04.198', 'G07.568.500.180'], ['C04.588.274.476.411.307.180', 'C06.301.371.411.307.180', 'C06.405.249.411.307.180', 'C06.405.469.158.356.180', 'C06.405.469.491.307.180'], ['D13.444.308.497.220', 'D13.444.600.223.500', 'D27.720.470.530.600.223.260'], ['E01.789.800.190', 'E05.318.740.998.300', 'N04.761.559.590.800.190', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800.190', 'N05.715.360.750.795.300', 'N06.850.520.830.998.300'], ['D23.050.550'], ['C04.557.450.565.590.350', 'C04.557.450.795.350'], ['G05.308.320'], ['G05.308.370'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.338', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.338'], ['C23.550.589.500'], ['E05.318.370.800.650', 'N05.715.360.325.700.640', 'N06.850.520.445.800.650'], ['E01.789'], ['E05.318.740.998', 'N05.715.360.750.795', 'N06.850.520.830.998'], ['E05.393.350.810', 'G05.728.860'], ['A11.251.860'], ['A07.015.908.670.874', 'A16.378.693.807']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
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