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Up regulation of miR-96-5p is responsible for TiO2
|
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) are used extensively in our daily lives, and their toxic effects on the placenta have been reported. Animal studies indicated that placental development is impaired after maternal exposure of TiO2 NPs, but the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. In the present study, we used a human trophoblast-derived cell, HTR8-SVneo, to determine how TiO2 NPs affected placental functions, and found out potential reversal targets. TEM was employed for TiO2 NPs morphology observation and uptake assessment. RT-PCR was used to detect the expression of both mRNA and miRNA, and western blotting was used for protein examination. Cell invasion ability was evaluated by Transwell assay, and cytoskeletons were observed by immunofluorescence combined with confocal microscope examination. We found that TiO2 NPs disrupted cytoskeletons and impaired cell invasion ability. Further investigations showed that TiO2 NPs increased the expression of a microRNA (miR-96-5p), which targeted and down-regulated the translation of EZR mRNA, a gene that encodes ezrin protein, and affected the cell cytoskeletons and ultimately cell invasion ability. When the expression of miR-96-5p was down-regulated, the expression level of ezrin protein was also reversed, and cell invasion ability was partially restored. Collectively, we determined how miR-96-5p mediates TiO2 NP-induced placental dysfunction, and provided a potential rescue target for future therapy.
|
['Cell Line', 'Cell Movement', 'Cytoskeletal Proteins', 'Cytoskeleton', 'Humans', 'Metal Nanoparticles', 'MicroRNAs', 'Microtubules', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Titanium', 'Trophoblasts', 'Up-Regulation']
| 31,226,636
|
[['A11.251.210'], ['G04.198', 'G07.568.500.180'], ['D12.776.220'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['J01.637.512.600.500'], ['D13.150.650.319', 'D13.444.735.150.319', 'D13.444.735.790.552.500'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.750.602'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['D01.268.557.800', 'D01.268.956.878', 'D01.552.547.800'], ['A11.382.992', 'A16.254.500.766', 'A16.710.802'], ['G02.111.905', 'G05.308.850', 'G07.690.773.998']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 1
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Prostaglandin regulation of H+ secretion in amphibian epithelia.
|
The role of prostaglandins in regulating H+ excretion in amphibian epithelia was investigated. The abdominal skin of the southern leopard frog Rana pipiens and the urinary bladder of the toad Bufo marinus were used to measure proton excretion across their mucosal surface. Prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) produced a dose-dependent inhibition of H+ excretion across the frog skin. Frogs pretreated with ibuprofen (30 mg.kg-1.day-1 for 3 days) showed an enhanced proton excretion similar to that observed when frogs are placed in chronic metabolic acidosis. The number of mitochondria-rich cells, the cells responsible for proton excretion, was also increased in frog skins after chronic metabolic acidosis or ibuprofen treatment. Mezerein and the phorbol ester 4 beta-phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (4 beta-PMA), activators of protein kinase C (PCK), decreased H+ excretion in frog skin, whereas the inactive phorbol 4 alpha-PMA was without an effect. The inhibition of proton excretion was similar to that observed with PGF2 alpha and suggested that the effects of PGF2 alpha and activation of PKC were mediated through a common pathway. Frogs pretreated with ibuprofen not only had an enhanced proton excretion rate but also had a decrease in cytosolic PKC activity. In another amphibian tissue, the toad urinary bladder, PGE2 inhibited proton excretion at low doses but enhanced H+ excretion at higher doses. Toads maintained under chronic metabolic acidosis had enhanced proton excretion rates and also had a threefold increase in cellular PGE2 concentration, which was consistent with the observation that PGE2 enhanced proton excretion at high doses.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
|
['Amphibians', 'Animals', 'Bufo marinus', 'Epithelium', 'Hydrogen', 'Ions', 'Mitochondria', 'Prostaglandins', 'Rana pipiens', 'Second Messenger Systems', 'Skin', 'Urinary Bladder']
| 1,903,604
|
[['B01.050.150.900.090'], ['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.090.180.210.580'], ['A10.272'], ['D01.268.406', 'D01.362.340'], ['D01.248.497'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.564', 'A11.284.835.626'], ['D10.251.355.255.550', 'D23.469.050.175.725'], ['B01.050.150.900.090.180.708.310'], ['G02.111.820.800', 'G04.835.800'], ['A17.815'], ['A05.810.890']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
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Association between distress and knowledge among parents of autistic children.
|
Understanding the overall utility of biological testing for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is essential for the development and integration of biomarkers into routine care. One measure related to the overall utility of biological testing is the knowledge that a person has about the condition he/she suffers from. However, a major gap towards understanding the role of knowledge in overall utility is the absence of studies that have assessed knowledge of autism along with its predictors within a representative sample of families within the context of routine care. The objective of this study was to measure knowledge of ASD among families within the routine care pathway for biological testing in ASD by examining the association between knowledge with potential correlates of knowledge namely sociodemographic factors, parental stress and distress, and time since diagnosis among parents whose child with ASD is undergoing clinical genetic testing. Parents of a child diagnosed with ASD (n = 85, Mage = 39.0, SD = 7.7) participating in an ongoing prospective genomics study completed the ASD Quiz prior to undergoing genetic testing for clinical and research purposes. Parents also completed self-reported measures of stress and distress. Parent stress and distress was each independently correlated with knowledge of ASD, rs ? 0.26, ps < 0.05. Stepwise regression analysis revealed a significant model accounting for 7.8% of the variance in knowledge, F (1, 82) = 8.02, p = 0.006. The only factor significantly associated with knowledge was parental distress, â = 0.30, p = 0.006. Parental stress, time since diagnosis, and sociodemographic factors were not significant predictors in this model. We concluded that families require tailored support prior to undergoing genetic testing to address either knowledge gaps or high distress. Ongoing appraisal of the testing process among families of diverse backgrounds is essential in offering optimal care for families undergoing genetic testing.
|
['Adult', 'Autism Spectrum Disorder', 'Biomarkers', 'Chromosomes, Human', 'Female', 'Genetic Counseling', 'Genetic Testing', 'Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice', 'Humans', 'Longitudinal Studies', 'Male', 'Microarray Analysis', 'Middle Aged', 'Parents', 'Socioeconomic Factors', 'Stress, Psychological', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Time Factors']
| 31,557,237
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['F03.625.164.113'], ['D23.101'], ['A11.284.187.520.300', 'G05.360.162.520.300'], ['H01.158.273.343.385.500.384', 'N02.421.308.400'], ['E01.370.225.562', 'E05.200.562', 'E05.393.435', 'N02.421.308.430', 'N02.421.726.233.221'], ['F01.100.150.500', 'N05.300.150.410'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.500'], ['E05.588.570'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['F01.829.263.500.320', 'I01.880.853.150.500.340', 'M01.620'], ['I01.880.853.996', 'N01.824'], ['F01.145.126.990', 'F02.830.900'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 1
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[Features of development, clinical picture and surgical treatment policy of destructive forms of pulmonary tuberculosis in the North].
|
In 135 patients, follow-up clinical, X-ray, immunological, and pathomorphological studies revealed that destructive changes in the form took place as an extensive specific process involving more than one lobe with bronchogenic dissemination and, commonly, as caseous pneumonia. Despite the extensive destructive changes, a tuberculous process is torpid, by showing mild clinical manifestations of the onset of the disease. Early lung tissue fibroplastic changes lead to an irreversible process after 4-5 months of antibiotic therapy, which suggests failure to cure them and makes it necessary to apply surgical treatments.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Radiography', 'Siberia', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Tuberculosis, Pulmonary']
| 9,235,580
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.370.350.700'], ['Z01.252.122.500.500'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['C01.150.252.410.040.552.846.899', 'C01.748.939', 'C08.381.922', 'C08.730.939']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
High levels of thyrotropin-releasing hormone precursor peptide immunoreactivity and binding substance occur in human cerebrospinal fluid.
|
A thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) precursor peptide, pGlu-His-Pro-Gly (TRH-Gly) and related peptides were measured in human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) with a TRH-Gly radiommunoassay and the levels of immunoreactivity (IR) were found to be 136- to 352-fold higher than the corresponding levels of TRH-IR. TRH-IR levels in CSF are elevated during the active phase of multiple sclerosis (MS). We have used this TRH-Gly RIA to determine whether this TRH precursor peptide is also elevated in CSF from MS and Alzheimer's (ALZ) disease patients in comparison with the corresponding levels in non-central nervous system disease (control) patients. A highly significant increase in TRH-Gly-IR was observed in MS and ALZ CSF samples compared to control CSF. Cation exchange and exclusion chromatography of extracts of mixtures of CSF and synthetic TRH-Gly revealed two peaks of TRH-Gly-IR. One cochromatographed with synthetic TRH-Gly and the other was attributable to the formation of a complex between TRH-Gly and a binding substance originating in CSF. Corresponding studies with extracts of mixtures of CSF and synthetic TRH revealed no evidence for TRH binding with any component of CSF. Reverse-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography of pooled extracts of normal CSF revealed that about a third of the total TRH-Gly-IR coeluted with synthetic TRH-Gly. The half-time for in vitro metabolism of synthetic TRH-Gly in fresh CSF was 5 times longer than for synthetic TRH at 37 degrees C.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
|
['Alzheimer Disease', 'Amino Acid Sequence', 'Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'Humans', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Multiple Sclerosis', 'Protein Precursors', 'Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid', 'Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone']
| 1,904,138
|
[['C10.228.140.380.100', 'C10.574.945.249', 'F03.615.400.100'], ['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['E05.196.181.400.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['C10.114.375.500', 'C10.314.350.500', 'C20.111.258.250.500'], ['D12.776.811'], ['D03.383.773.812.718', 'D12.125.067.625.850', 'D12.125.072.401.761'], ['D06.472.699.327.740.880', 'D12.644.400.400.740.880', 'D12.644.456.837', 'D12.644.548.365.740.880', 'D12.776.631.650.405.740.880', 'D12.776.631.650.810']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
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| 0
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A hybrid evolutionary data driven model for river water quality early warning.
|
China's fast pace industrialization and growing population has led to several accidental surface water pollution events in the last decades. The government of China, after the 2005 Songhua River incident, has pushed for the development of early warning systems (EWS) for drinking water source protection. However, there are still many weaknesses in EWS in China such as the lack of pollution monitoring and advanced water quality prediction models. The application of Data Driven Models (DDM) such as Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) has acquired recent attention as an alternative to physical models. For a case study in a south industrial city in China, a DDM based on genetic algorithm (GA) and ANN was tested to increase the response time of the city's EWS. The GA-ANN model was used to predict NH3-N, CODmn and TOC variables at station B 2 h ahead of time while showing the most sensitive input variables available at station A, 12 km upstream. For NH3-N, the most sensitive input variables were TOC, CODmn, TP, NH3-N and Turbidity with model performance giving a mean square error (MSE) of 0.0033, mean percent error (MPE) of 6% and regression (R) of 92%. For COD, the most sensitive input variables were Turbidity and CODmn with model performance giving a MSE of 0.201, MPE of 5% and R of 0.87. For TOC, the most sensitive input variables were Turbidity and CODmn with model performance giving a MSE of 0.101, MPE of 2% and R of 0.94. In addition, the GA-ANN model performed better for 8 h ahead of time. For future studies, the use of a GA-ANN modelling technique can be very useful for water quality prediction in Chinese monitoring stations which already measure and have immediately available water quality data.
|
['Ammonia', 'Biological Oxygen Demand Analysis', 'Carbon', 'China', 'Cities', 'Drinking Water', 'Environmental Monitoring', 'Models, Theoretical', 'Neural Networks, Computer', 'Nitrogen', 'Rivers', 'Time Factors', 'Water Pollution', 'Water Quality']
| 24,833,523
|
[['D01.362.075', 'D01.625.050'], ['N06.850.460.350.080.500', 'N06.850.780.375.349'], ['D01.268.150'], ['Z01.252.474.164'], ['G16.500.275.069', 'N06.230.069', 'Z01.433'], ['D01.045.250.875.300', 'D01.248.497.158.459.650.300', 'D01.650.550.925.199', 'G07.203.100.418', 'J02.200.418'], ['N06.850.460.350.080', 'N06.850.780.375'], ['E05.599'], ['G17.485', 'L01.224.050.375.605'], ['D01.268.604', 'D01.362.625'], ['G01.311.750', 'G16.500.275.280.650', 'N06.230.232.650'], ['G01.910.857'], ['N06.850.460.790'], ['N06.850.460.350.080.750', 'N06.850.460.790.730']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
The diagnostic accuracy of CT-guided percutaneous core needle biopsy and fine needle aspiration in pulmonary lesions: a meta-analysis.
|
AIM: To determine and compare the diagnostic value of computed tomography (CT)-guided percutaneous core needle biopsy (PCNB) and percutaneous fine-needle aspiration biopsy (PNAB) in pulmonary lesions.MATERIALS AND METHODS: PubMed, EMBASE, and the Web of Science were systematically searched for relevant studies that investigated the diagnostic accuracy of CT-guided PCNB and/or PNAB for pulmonary lesions up to December 2014. After study selection, data extraction, and quality assessment, the sensitivity (SEN), specificity (SPE), diagnostic odds rate (DOR), positive likelihood ratios (PLR), negative likelihood ratios (NLR), and summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curves were calculated using the Meta-Disc 1.4 software.RESULTS: Nineteen publications, including 21 independent studies, met the inclusion criteria. Of them, 15 studies were included in the PCNB group and six studies in the PNAB group. The pooled SEN, SPE, DOR, PLR, NLR, and SROC were 0.95, 0.99, 54.72, 0.06, 821.90, and 0.98 in the PCNB group and 0.90, 0.99, 24.71, 0.14, 210.72, and 0.98 in the PNAB group, respectively.CONCLUSION: Based on current evidence, both PCNB and PNAB can be used as diagnostic methods to distinguish benign and malignant pulmonary lesions; the difference between PCNB and PNAB regarding diagnostic accuracy of benign or malignant pulmonary lesions is not obvious.
|
['Biopsy, Fine-Needle', 'Biopsy, Large-Core Needle', 'Diagnosis, Differential', 'Humans', 'Image-Guided Biopsy', 'Lung Diseases', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed']
| 26,545,460
|
[['E01.370.225.500.384.100.119.500', 'E01.370.225.998.054.119.500', 'E01.370.388.100.100.500', 'E04.074.119.500', 'E04.665.100.500', 'E05.200.500.384.100.119.500', 'E05.200.998.054.119.500', 'E05.242.384.100.119.500'], ['E01.370.225.500.384.100.119.750', 'E01.370.225.998.054.119.750', 'E01.370.388.100.100.750', 'E04.074.119.750', 'E04.665.100.750', 'E05.200.500.384.100.119.750', 'E05.200.998.054.119.750', 'E05.242.384.100.119.750'], ['E01.171'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.384.100.370', 'E01.370.225.998.054.370', 'E01.370.388.100.370', 'E04.074.370', 'E05.200.500.384.100.370', 'E05.200.998.054.370', 'E05.242.384.100.370'], ['C08.381'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
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|
Sphingosine-1-phosphate analogue FTY720 causes lymphocyte redistribution and hypercholesterolemia in ApoE-deficient mice.
|
OBJECTIVE: Resident immune cells are a hallmark of atherosclerotic lesions. The sphingolipid analogue drug FTY720 mediates retrafficking of immune cells and inhibits their homing to inflammatory sites. We have evaluated the effect of FTY720 on atherogenesis and lipid metabolism.METHODS AND RESULTS: ApoE-/- mice on a normal laboratory diet received oral FTY720 for 12 weeks, which led to a 2.4-fold increase in serum cholesterol (largely VLDL fraction) and a 1.8-fold increase in hepatic HMGCoA reductase mRNA. FTY720 increased plasma sphingosine-1-phosphate and induced marked peripheral blood lymphopenia. A discoordinate modulation of B, T and monocyte cell numbers was found in peripheral lymphoid organs. Overall depletion of T cells was accompanied by a relative (2-fold) increase in regulatory T cell content paralleled by a similar increase in effector memory T cells (CD4+ CD44hi CD62lo) as absolute numbers of both subpopulations remained essentially unchanged. Lymphocyte function was unaltered as indicated by anti-OxLDL antibodies and T cell proliferation. There were no changes in atherosclerotic lesions in early and established atherosclerosis.CONCLUSIONS: FTY720 mediated peripheral lymphocyte depletion and retrafficking without altering function and overall balance of pro- and antiatherogenic lymphocyte populations. A net decrease in lymphocyte numbers occurred concomitantly with a more proatherogenic hypercholesterolemia resulting in unaltered atherogenesis.
|
['Animals', 'Apolipoproteins E', 'Atherosclerosis', 'Fingolimod Hydrochloride', 'Hypercholesterolemia', 'Immunosuppressive Agents', 'Lipid Metabolism', 'Lymphocyte Subsets', 'Lymphocytes', 'Lymphopenia', 'Lysophospholipids', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Knockout', 'Propylene Glycols', 'Sphingosine', 'Spleen']
| 17,761,943
|
[['B01.050'], ['D10.532.091.500', 'D12.776.070.400.500', 'D12.776.521.120.500'], ['C14.907.137.126.307'], ['D02.033.100.700.350', 'D02.033.455.706.431', 'D02.092.063.700.350'], ['C18.452.584.500.500.396'], ['D27.505.696.477.656'], ['G03.458'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.550', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.550', 'A15.382.490.555.567.550'], ['A11.118.637.555.567', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567', 'A15.382.490.555.567'], ['C15.378.553.546.605', 'C20.673.627'], ['D10.570.755.375.760.550'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.136.500.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.455', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800.500'], ['D02.033.455.706'], ['D02.033.100.700', 'D02.033.455.843', 'D02.092.063.700'], ['A10.549.700', 'A15.382.520.604.700']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
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Expression of CD24 in cholangiocarcinoma cells is associated with disease progression and reduced patient survival.
|
Cholangiocarcinoma is frequently found to invade local tissues and metastasize to distal organs. We investigated the expression of CD24 in cholangiocarcinoma samples and its prognostic significance. In addition, the cellular function of CD24 was studied in the RMCCA1 cholangiocarcinoma cell line. High CD24 expression significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis and positive surgical margins in cholangiocarcinoma patients. Univariate and multivariate analyses further demonstrated that CD24 expression was significantly associated with the overall survival of these patients (p=0.007 and p=0.040, respectively). For in vitro studies, the magnetic-activated cell sorting (MACS) system was used to isolate CD24+ and CD24- cell populations from RMCCA1 cells. CD24+ RMCCA1 cells had increased chemoresistance, adhesion (p=0.004), motility (p<0.001), migration (p<0.001) and invasion (p<0.001) capabilities when compared to CD24- cells. The matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-7 was significantly elevated in CD24+ RMCCA1 cells (p=0.01). We found that inhibition of CD24 using siRNA silencing significantly decreased the invasive capacity of RMCCA1 cells. Both clinical and in vitro studies suggest that expression of CD24 is associated with cholangiocarcinoma disease progression. CD24 may thus serve as a new target for directed molecular therapy of cholangiocarcinoma.
|
['Bile Duct Neoplasms', 'Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic', 'CD24 Antigen', 'Cell Adhesion', 'Cell Growth Processes', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Cell Movement', 'Cholangiocarcinoma', 'Disease Progression', 'Drug Resistance, Neoplasm', 'Humans', 'Lymphatic Metastasis', 'Matrix Metalloproteinase 7', 'Matrix Metalloproteinase 9', 'Multivariate Analysis', 'Neoplasm Invasiveness', 'Paraffin Embedding', 'Prognosis']
| 21,687,942
|
[['C04.588.274.120.250', 'C06.130.120.120', 'C06.130.320.120', 'C06.301.120.250'], ['A03.159.183.158', 'A03.620.150'], ['D12.776.395.550.200.098', 'D12.776.395.550.448.120', 'D12.776.543.484.500.120', 'D12.776.543.550.200.124', 'D12.776.543.550.418.120', 'D23.050.285.018', 'D23.050.301.350.098'], ['G04.022'], ['G04.161', 'G07.345.249.410'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['G04.198', 'G07.568.500.180'], ['C04.557.470.200.025.450'], ['C23.550.291.656'], ['G07.690.773.984.395'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.697.650.560', 'C23.550.727.650.560'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.480.525.700.250', 'D08.811.277.656.675.374.525.700.250', 'D12.644.276.848.250', 'D12.776.467.836.250'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.480.205.360', 'D08.811.277.656.300.480.252.445', 'D08.811.277.656.300.480.525.700.350', 'D08.811.277.656.675.374.205.360', 'D08.811.277.656.675.374.252.445', 'D08.811.277.656.675.374.525.700.350', 'D12.644.276.848.350', 'D12.776.467.836.350'], ['E05.318.740.150.500', 'N05.715.360.750.125.500', 'N06.850.520.830.150.500'], ['C04.697.645', 'C23.550.727.645'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.760.440.610', 'E01.370.225.750.600.760.440.610', 'E05.200.500.620.760.440.610', 'E05.200.750.600.760.440.610'], ['E01.789']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
HIV drug resistance mutations among patients failing second-line antiretroviral therapy in Rwanda.
|
BACKGROUND: Studies of patients failing second-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) in resource-limited settings (RLS) are few. Evidence suggests most patients who appear to be virologically failing do so not due to drug resistance but to poor adherence, which, if properly addressed, could allow continued use of less expensive first- and second-line regimens. Drug resistant mutations (DRMs) were characterized among patients virologically failing second-line ART in Rwanda.METHODS: A total of 128 adult patients receiving second-line ART for at least 6 months were invited to participate; 74 agreed and had HIV-1 viral load (VL) measured. Resistance genotypes were conducted in patients with virological failure (VF; that is, VL ?1,000 copies/ml).RESULTS: In total, 35 patients met the criteria for VF. The median time on lopinavir/ritonavir-based second-line ART was 2.7 years. Of 30 successful resistance genotype analyses, 13 (43%) had ?1 nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) mutation, 18 (60%) had at least 1 non-NRTI mutation and 5 (17%) had at least 1 major protease inhibitor mutation. Eleven (37%) had virus without significant mutations that would be fully sensitive to first-line ART; 12 (40%) had DRM to first-line ART but sensitive to second-line ART. Only 7 patients (23%) demonstrated a DRM profile requiring third-line ART.CONCLUSIONS: Among 30 genotyped samples of patients with VF on second-line ART, more than one-third had no significant DRMs, implicating poor adherence as the primary cause of VF. The majority of patients (77%) would not have required third-line ART. These findings reinforce the need for intensive adherence assessment and counselling for patients who appear to be failing second-line ART in RLS.
|
['Adult', 'Anti-HIV Agents', 'Drug Resistance, Viral', 'Female', 'HIV Infections', 'HIV-1', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Medication Adherence', 'Middle Aged', 'Mutation', 'Rwanda']
| 26,562,173
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D27.505.954.122.388.077.088'], ['G06.225.420', 'G06.920.225', 'G07.690.773.984.269.420'], ['C01.221.250.875', 'C01.221.812.640.400', 'C01.778.640.400', 'C01.925.782.815.616.400', 'C01.925.813.400', 'C20.673.480'], ['B04.820.650.589.650.350.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.100.150.750.500.600.500', 'F01.145.488.887.500.600.500', 'N05.300.150.800.500.600.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G05.365.590'], ['Z01.058.290.120.680']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Histamine, but not leukotriene C4, is an essential mediator in cold urticaria wheals.
|
In addition to histamine, leukotriene C4 (LTC4) might also play a role in mediating cold urticaria wheals. To study the significance of LTC4 vs. histamine, 6 patients with cold urticaria were challenged with the ice cube test before and after ingestion of 10 mg cetirizine (antihistamine), 10 mg montelukast (leukotriene antagonist) or a combination of both drugs. Cetirizine diminished the cold-induced wheal by 50+/- 42%. Montelukast had no significant effect, and the combination of both drugs diminished the wheal by 37+/- 33%. Furthermore, a skin microdialysis technique detected the release of histamine in the cold-induced wheal, whereas no LTC4 release was detected. In conclusion, the antihistamine is effective and histamine is released, whereas the leukotriene antagonist is not effective and LTC4 is not released in the cold urticaria wheal.
|
['Acetates', 'Adult', 'Anti-Allergic Agents', 'Cetirizine', 'Cold Temperature', 'Female', 'Histamine', 'Humans', 'Leukotriene Antagonists', 'Leukotriene C4', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Quinolines', 'Urticaria']
| 17,225,008
|
[['D02.241.081.018', 'D10.251.400.045'], ['M01.060.116'], ['D27.505.954.016'], ['D03.383.606.515.200'], ['G01.906.595.272', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710.300', 'G16.500.750.775.710.300', 'N06.230.300.100.725.154', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710.300'], ['D02.092.211.215.501', 'D02.092.471.440', 'D03.383.129.308.373', 'D23.469.050.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D06.347.565', 'D27.505.696.399.450.565'], ['D10.251.355.255.100.450.855.455', 'D10.251.355.310.166.887.855.455', 'D23.469.050.175.450.725.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D03.633.100.810'], ['C17.800.862.945', 'C20.543.480.904']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Effects of hydralazine on cardiac responsiveness to adrenergic agonists in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
|
The present investigation was undertaken to study the effects of hydralazine treatment (50 mg/kg/day, p.o.) on methoxamine and isoproterenol-induced responses in cardiac preparations of control and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) levels were found to be significantly decreased in diabetic rats and this decrease was prevented by hydralazine treatment. Methoxamine and isoproterenol produced a dose-dependent positive chronotropic and positive inotropic effect in right and left atrium respectively. These responses to methoxamine were significantly increased, whereas, those to isoproterenol were significantly decreased in preparations obtained from diabetic rats. Hydralazine treatment did not alter the isoproterenol-induced chronotropic effect in right atrium. However, it prevented the diabetes-induced increase in responsiveness to methoxamine in this preparation. Hydralazine increased significantly the inotropic response to methoxamine and isoproterenol in left atrium of control and diabetic rats. Both the pD2 value and maximum response were increased. The studies indicates that hydralazine-induced alterations in the responsiveness to methoxamine could partly be due to its ability to prevent diabetes-induced hypothyroidism. The effects of hydralazine on isoproterenol-induced responses appear to be independent of hypothyroidism, and some post-receptor mechanisms and metabolic derangements might be responsible for this effect.
|
['Adrenergic Agonists', 'Analysis of Variance', 'Animals', 'Atrial Function', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Female', 'Heart Atria', 'Heart Rate', 'Hydralazine', 'Isoproterenol', 'Methoxamine', 'Myocardial Contraction', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Thyroxine', 'Triiodothyronine']
| 7,906,674
|
[['D27.505.519.625.050.100', 'D27.505.696.577.050.100'], ['E05.318.740.150', 'N05.715.360.750.125', 'N06.850.520.830.150'], ['B01.050'], ['G09.330.040'], ['C18.452.394.750.074', 'C19.246.240', 'E05.598.500.374'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['A07.541.358'], ['E01.370.600.875.500', 'G09.330.380.500'], ['D03.383.710.605.500'], ['D02.033.100.291.439', 'D02.092.063.291.439', 'D02.092.311.649', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.175.649'], ['D02.033.100.624.536', 'D02.033.755.624.536', 'D02.092.063.624.536', 'D02.092.471.683.661'], ['G09.330.580', 'G11.427.494.570'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900'], ['D06.472.931.812', 'D12.125.072.050.767'], ['D06.472.931.740.385', 'D12.125.072.050.767.741.894']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
A placebo-controlled randomized study on the clinical effectiveness, immunohistochemical changes and protoporphyrin IX accumulation in fractionated 5-aminolaevulinic acid-photodynamic therapy in patients with psoriasis.
|
BACKGROUND: Topical 5-aminolaevulinic acid (ALA)-photodynamic therapy (PDT) for the treatment of psoriasis has been evaluated in a few studies. In these studies different treatment parameters were used, there was a variable clinical response, and a nonhomogeneous fluorescence was seen after irradiation with Wood's light.OBJECTIVES: To study the clinical effectiveness, immunohistochemical changes and protoporphyrin IX accumulation in ALA-PDT in patients with psoriasis. Eight patients with stable plaque psoriasis with symmetrical involvement were included in the study. Two symmetrical plaques were randomly allocated to PDT either with 10% ALA or with placebo. Irradiation consisted of 2 and 8 J cm(-2) with a dark interval of 2 h (Waldmann PDT 1200 L, 600-750 nm, 40 mW cm(-2)) once weekly for 4 weeks. Before, during and after irradiation, fluorescence diagnosis was performed. Biopsies were taken at baseline, week 1 and week 6 for immunohistochemical assessment. Psoriatic plaques were clinically assessed using the plaque severity (sum) score. Fluorescence diagnosis was performed and expression of immunohistochemical markers for proliferation, differentiation and T-cell infiltration [Ki67, keratin 10 (K10), CD4, CD8 and CD45RO] was assessed.RESULTS: From week 1 up to week 6, ALA-PDT gave a significant reduction in the number of Ki67+ nuclei, while the K10 expression increased. After 6 weeks significant improvement was observed for CD8 and CD45RO. These changes were absent in the placebo-treated lesions. The sum scores were also significantly lower in the ALA-treated plaques. Heterogeneity of macroscopic fluorescence was observed during treatment despite keratolytic treatment.CONCLUSIONS: The present study shows that clinical improvement during fractionated ALA-PDT in psoriasis parallels histological improvement as seen in normalization of epidermal proliferation, differentiation and infiltration of relevant T-cell subsets. Optimizing the current treatment protocol may increase clinical efficacy further.
|
['Adult', 'Aminolevulinic Acid', 'Cell Differentiation', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Dose Fractionation, Radiation', 'Drug Administration Schedule', 'Epidermis', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Photochemotherapy', 'Photosensitizing Agents', 'Protoporphyrins', 'Psoriasis', 'Severity of Illness Index', 'Skin', 'T-Lymphocyte Subsets', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 16,882,185
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D02.241.755.547.276', 'D12.125.262'], ['G04.152'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['E02.815.639.200'], ['E02.319.283'], ['A10.272.497', 'A17.815.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E02.186.500', 'E02.319.685', 'E02.774.722'], ['D27.505.954.444.600', 'D27.505.954.600.710'], ['D03.383.129.578.840.500.725', 'D03.633.400.909.500.725', 'D04.345.783.500.725', 'D23.767.727.725'], ['C17.800.859.675'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475.456.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.364.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.364.500'], ['A17.815'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.550.500', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.500', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.550.500', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.500', 'A15.382.490.555.567.550.500', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.500'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Association of new loci identified in European genome-wide association studies with susceptibility to type 2 diabetes in the Japanese.
|
BACKGROUND: Several novel susceptibility loci for type 2 diabetes have been identified through genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for type 2 diabetes or quantitative traits related to glucose metabolism in European populations. To investigate the association of the 13 new European GWAS-derived susceptibility loci with type 2 diabetes in the Japanese population, we conducted a replication study using 3 independent Japanese case-control studies.METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We examined the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within 13 loci (MTNR1B, GCK, IRS1, PROX1, BCL11A, ZBED3, KLF14, TP53INP1, KCNQ1, CENTD2, HMGA2, ZFAND6 and PRC1) with type 2 diabetes using 4,964 participants (2,839 cases and 2,125 controls) from 3 independent Japanese samples. The association of each SNP with type 2 diabetes was analyzed by logistic regression analysis. Further, we performed combined meta-analyses for the 3 studies and previously performed Japanese GWAS data (4,470 cases vs. 3,071 controls). The meta-analysis revealed that rs2943641 in the IRS1 locus was significantly associated with type 2 diabetes, (P = 0.0034, OR = 1.15 95% confidence interval; 1.05-1.26) and 3 SNPs, rs10930963 in the MTNR1B locus, rs972283 in the KLF14 locus, and rs231362 in the KCNQ1 locus, had nominal association with type 2 diabetes in the present Japanese samples (P<0.05).CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that IRS1 locus may be common locus for type 2 diabetes across different ethnicities.
|
['Case-Control Studies', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2', 'European Continental Ancestry Group', 'Genetic Predisposition to Disease', 'Genome-Wide Association Study', 'Humans', 'Japan', 'Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide']
| 22,046,406
|
[['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['C18.452.394.750.149', 'C19.246.300'], ['M01.686.508.400'], ['C23.550.291.687.500', 'G05.380.355'], ['E05.318.370.392', 'E05.318.416.249', 'E05.393.385.500', 'E05.393.522.500', 'E05.393.760.640.500', 'N06.850.520.445.392', 'N06.850.520.470.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.252.474.463', 'Z01.639.595'], ['G05.365.795.598']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Is the Inflammasome Pathway Active in the Peripheral Blood of Sulfur Mustard-exposed Patients?
|
The mustard lung is a late consequence of exposure to sulfur mustard (SM) in veterans who had participated in the Iraq-Iran war. Three mechanisms are contributed in the pathogenesis of mustard lung including oxidative stress, protease-antiprotease imbalance, and dysregulated immune response. In the context of the immune response, the role of the inflammasome complex and their inflammatory cytokines are important. This study aims to investigate the inflammasome pathway and their inflammatory cytokine (i.e IL-1 and IL-18) in the peripheral blood of mustard lung patients as well as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. This research was conducted as a cross-sectional analytical study on 15 SM patients and was compared with 15 COPD patients and 15 healthy controls. The real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to assess gene expression levels of inflammasome components (NLRP1, NLRP3, NLRC4, and ASC), inflammatory cytokines (IL-1â, IL-18, and IL-1âR), and IL-37 as an anti-inflammatory cytokine. Finally, the data were analyzed by SPSS version 21 software. The gene expression level of molecules involved in inflammasome pathway showed a slight increase in the peripheral blood of SM and COPD patients compared to the control group. However, this difference was not statistically significant. Only IL-37 and NLRP1 had a significant increase in mustard lung and COPD patients; compared to healthy controls (p<0.05). Due to the normal expression of genes involved in the inflammasome pathway, it can be stated that the inflammasome pathway is not active in the blood of mustard lung patients.
|
['Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing', 'Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins', 'Chemical Warfare Agents', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Environmental Exposure', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Inflammasomes', 'Inflammation Mediators', 'Interleukin-1', 'Interleukin-18', 'Iraq War, 2003-2011', 'Lung Diseases', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Mustard Gas', 'Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive', 'Veterans']
| 31,066,258
|
[['D12.644.360.024', 'D12.776.157.057', 'D12.776.476.024'], ['D12.644.360.075', 'D12.776.476.075'], ['D27.720.777.300', 'D27.888.569.612.150', 'J01.637.870.900.200'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['N06.850.460.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D05.500.224'], ['D23.469'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.010', 'D12.644.276.374.500.400', 'D12.776.467.374.465.010', 'D12.776.467.374.500.400', 'D23.529.374.465.131', 'D23.529.374.500.400'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.518', 'D12.776.467.374.465.518', 'D23.529.374.465.518'], ['I01.880.735.950.250.782', 'K01.400.504.984.249'], ['C08.381'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D02.455.526.728.468'], ['C08.381.495.389'], ['M01.930']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Pathogenic role of B cells in anti-CD40-induced necroinflammatory liver disease.
|
Activated B cells function in antibody production and antigen presentation, but whether they perform any pathophysiological functions at sites of inflammation is not fully understood. Here, we report that intravenous injection of an agonistic anti-CD40 monoclonal antibody (alphaCD40) causes a biphasic inflammatory liver disease in inbred mice. The late phase of disease was suppressed in B-cell-deficient mice and by the depletion of macrophages, but not T cells or natural killer cells. We also report that SCID mice were not susceptible to alphaCD40-induced liver disease unless they were reconstituted with normal B cells and that B cells as well as macrophages played key roles in alphaCD40-induced late phase of liver inflammation. Finally, liver disease and the recruitment of inflammatory cells into the liver were mediated by interferon-gamma and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, but not by Fas. In conclusion, these results indicate that CD40 ligation can trigger a B-cell-mediated inflammatory response that can have pathogenic consequences for the liver.
|
['Animals', 'Antibodies, Monoclonal', 'B-Lymphocytes', 'CD40 Antigens', 'Hepatitis', 'Interferon-gamma', 'Liver', 'Lymphocyte Activation', 'Mice', 'Mice, SCID', 'Necrosis', 'Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha']
| 16,507,894
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224'], ['A11.063.438', 'A11.118.637.555.567.562', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.562', 'A15.382.032.438', 'A15.382.490.555.567.562'], ['D12.776.465.750', 'D12.776.543.750.705.852.760.097', 'D23.050.301.264.051.140', 'D23.101.100.150.140'], ['C06.552.380'], ['D12.644.276.374.440.893', 'D12.644.276.374.480.615.350', 'D12.776.467.374.440.893', 'D12.776.467.374.480.615.350', 'D23.529.374.440.893', 'D23.529.374.480.615.350'], ['A03.620'], ['E01.370.225.812.482', 'E05.200.812.482', 'E05.478.594.530', 'G12.450.050.400.545', 'G12.565'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.780'], ['C23.550.717'], ['D12.644.276.374.500.800', 'D12.644.276.374.750.626', 'D12.776.124.900', 'D12.776.395.930', 'D12.776.467.374.500.800', 'D12.776.467.374.750.626', 'D23.529.374.500.800', 'D23.529.374.750.626']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
5-Aminolevulinic acid induced endogenous porphyrin fluorescence in 9L and C6 brain tumours and in the normal rat brain.
|
A new approach in photodynamic therapy is the use of endogenous porphyrins for sensitisation of tumours to light. The induction of endogenous porphyrins after intravenous injection of 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA, 200 mg kg-1) was studied in 23 rats, bearing intracranial 9L or C6 tumours. After 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 22 hours the rats were sacrificed and the fluorescence distribution of endogenous porphyrins was studied in brain tissue sections with a standard fluorescence microscope and a confocal laser scanning microscope. The role of blood-brain barrier disruption on porphyrin production was studied in 2 rats with a cryo-lesion of the cortex. Additionally, 9L and C6 tumour cell cultures were incubated with ALA for 8 hours in vitro. Fluorescence was measured with a fluorescence spectrophotometer in cell cultures and in the brain sections. Porphyrins were detected in vitro in the tumour cells from 2 hours onwards and ex vivo in the tumour sections mainly from 2 to 8 hours, by 22 hours porphyrin fluorescence had almost disappeared. The contralateral brain showed low fluorescence levels between 2 and 6 hours after ALA administration. At the site of the cryo-lesions low fluorescence was measured 6 hours after ALA administration. The 9L tumours fluoresced homogeneously, with a sharp demarcation towards normal brain tissue. Fluorescence in the C6 tumours was patchy, with a poorly fluorescing edge. In both tumour models fluorescence was also detected in brain surrounding the tumour and sometimes in contralateral white matter and ventricle ependyma and pia mater. The slight increase of porphyrin fluorescence in the normal brain of tumour bearing rats, compared to the absence of this in rats without a tumour, was attributed to transport by bulk flow of porphyrins made in the tumours, and possibly also of circulating porphyrins or ALA leaking from the tumour vessels.
|
['Aminolevulinic Acid', 'Animals', 'Brain', 'Brain Neoplasms', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Glioma', 'Gliosarcoma', 'Male', 'Photosensitizing Agents', 'Porphyrins', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Strains', 'Time Factors', 'Tumor Cells, Cultured']
| 9,728,253
|
[['D02.241.755.547.276', 'D12.125.262'], ['B01.050'], ['A08.186.211'], ['C04.588.614.250.195', 'C10.228.140.211', 'C10.551.240.250'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['C04.557.465.625.600.380', 'C04.557.470.670.380', 'C04.557.580.625.600.380'], ['C04.557.465.625.600.380.400', 'C04.557.470.670.380.400', 'C04.557.580.625.600.380.400'], ['D27.505.954.444.600', 'D27.505.954.600.710'], ['D03.383.129.578.840.500', 'D03.633.400.909.500', 'D04.345.783.500', 'D23.767.727'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400'], ['G01.910.857'], ['A11.251.860']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Observer variation of 2-deoxy-2-[F-18]fluoro-D-glucose-positron emission tomography in mediastinal staging of non-small cell lung cancer as a function of experience, and its potential clinical impact.
|
PURPOSE: To test the extent of variation among nuclear medicine physicians with respect to staging non-small cell lung cancer with positron emission tomography (PET).PROCEDURES: Two groups of nuclear medicine physicians with different levels of PET experience reviewed 30 PET scans. They were requested to identify and localize suspicious mediastinal lymph nodes (MLN) using standardized algorithms. Results were compared between the two groups, between individuals, and with expert reading.RESULTS: Overall we found good interobserver agreement (kappa 0.65). Experience with PET translated into a better ability to localize MLN stations (68% vs. 51%, respectively), and experienced readers appeared to be more familiar with translating PET readings into clinically useful statements.CONCLUSIONS: Although our results suggest that clinical experience with PET increases observers' ability to read and interpret results from PET adequately, there is room for improvement. Experience with PET does not necessarily improve the accuracy of image interpretation.
|
['Algorithms', 'Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung', 'Fluorine Radioisotopes', 'Fluorodeoxyglucose F18', 'Humans', 'Lung Neoplasms', 'Lymphatic Metastasis', 'Mediastinal Neoplasms', 'Neoplasm Staging', 'Observer Variation', 'Positron-Emission Tomography', 'Radiopharmaceuticals']
| 17,610,119
|
[['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['C04.588.894.797.520.109.220.249', 'C08.381.540.140.500', 'C08.785.520.100.220.500'], ['D01.496.749.340'], ['D09.254.229.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.588.894.797.520', 'C08.381.540', 'C08.785.520'], ['C04.697.650.560', 'C23.550.727.650.560'], ['C04.588.894.479', 'C08.846.187.580'], ['E01.789.625'], ['E01.354.753', 'N02.421.450.600', 'N05.715.350.150.675', 'N06.850.490.500.250'], ['E01.370.350.350.800.700', 'E01.370.350.600.350.800.399', 'E01.370.350.710.800.399', 'E01.370.350.825.800.399', 'E01.370.384.730.800.399'], ['D27.505.259.843', 'D27.505.519.871', 'D27.720.470.410.650']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
The endogenous development, described by light and electron microscopy, of Eimeria jamescooki sp. n. (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) from the skink Cryptoblepharus virgatus.
|
Eimeria jamescooki sp. n. was recovered from the skink Cryptoblepharus virgatus (Garman) found on the grounds of James Cook University, Townsville (type locality), North Queensland, Australia. Oocysts were 17.5-25.0 (22.1 +/- 1.9) x 15-22.5 (17.7 +/- 1.6) microm and sporocysts 6.25-10.0 (7.9 +/- 1.15) x 3.75-6.25 (5.3 +/- 1.0) microm in size. Endogenous stages are described from histological material examined by light microscope and by transmission electron microscope. Both merogony stages and gamonts were found to develop in the cytoplasm of the anterior gut mucosal epithelium. Meront progeny were comprised of 10 to 21 merozoites. Premature macrogamonts were elongate; some host cells contained two elongate macrogamonts. Unique to the presently described species were the Golgi "plaques" and an enclosure of tubuli. Mature macrogamonts and young oocysts ranged in size from 14 x 7 to 21 x 11 microm and contained two types of wall-forming bodies, canaliculi and amylopectin granules. Differentiating microgamonts conformed in fine structure with that observed in other eimerians. Their sizes increased from 15.4 x 4.2 to 28 x 8.4 microm while dividing to over 70 nuclei, which formed a corresponding yield of microgametes.
|
['Animals', 'Australia', 'Coccidiosis', 'Eimeria', 'Feces', 'Life Cycle Stages', 'Lizards', 'Microscopy, Electron', 'Oocysts']
| 14,560,968
|
[['B01.050'], ['Z01.639.100', 'Z01.678.100.373'], ['C01.610.752.250'], ['B01.043.075.189.250.250.250'], ['A12.459'], ['B05.500', 'G07.345.500.550.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.833.393'], ['E01.370.350.515.402', 'E05.595.402'], ['A11.870.740.600', 'B05.500.675', 'B05.775.740.600', 'G07.345.500.550.500.675']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
|
IL-4 alters expression patterns of storage components of vascular endothelial cell-specific granules through STAT6- and SOCS-1-dependent mechanisms.
|
IL-4 develops Th2-biased immunity or allergic inflammation through activation of STAT6-dependent signaling. In vascular endothelial cells (ECs), IL-4 elicits regulatory effects on chemokine production and adhesion molecule expression to recruit T cells and eosinophils. In this study, we examined how IL-4 affects Weibel-Palade bodies (WPBs), EC-specific storage granules capable to store multiple protein components, including von Willebrand factor (vWF), P-selectin, eotaxin-3, IL-8 and angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2). Among 11 WPB component genes that we examined, IL-4 potently upregulated the expression levels of P-selectin and eotaxin-3, whereas it downregulated the expression levels of IL-8 and Ang-2. Both regulatory effects were dependent on STAT6. In addition, the IL-4-induced downregulatory effect on WPB component genes depended on the negative feedback regulation by SOCS-1 induced by STAT6 signaling. Furthermore, IL-4-regulated gene expression through STAT6 and SOCS-1 was consistent with WPB compositional changes in cultivated ECs and capillary-like tube networks. Since WPBs enable ECs to rapidly regulate multiple critical functions of vasculatures, IL-4-induced alteration of expression patterns of WPB storage components may convert the physiological functions of WPBs into Th2-biased immune functions or allergic functions.
|
['Endothelial Cells', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Humans', 'Interleukin-4', 'Organ Specificity', 'P-Selectin', 'STAT6 Transcription Factor', 'Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 1 Protein', 'Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling Proteins', 'Weibel-Palade Bodies']
| 19,419,769
|
[['A11.436.275'], ['G05.308'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.186', 'D12.776.467.374.465.178', 'D23.529.374.465.186'], ['G07.650'], ['D12.776.395.550.200.700.775', 'D12.776.395.550.625.905', 'D12.776.503.843.775', 'D12.776.543.550.200.700.775', 'D12.776.543.550.625.905', 'D23.050.301.350.700.775'], ['D12.644.360.024.342.600', 'D12.776.157.057.186.600', 'D12.776.476.024.430.600', 'D12.776.930.840.600'], ['D12.644.360.024.374.500', 'D12.776.157.057.249.500', 'D12.776.476.024.437.500'], ['D12.644.360.024.374', 'D12.776.157.057.249', 'D12.776.476.024.437'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.500.950', 'A11.284.430.214.190.875.190.190.950']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Effects of infliximab on apoptosis and reverse signaling of monocytes from healthy individuals and patients with Crohn's disease.
|
OBJECTIVES: Infliximab, an anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) monoclonal antibody, might exert some of its long-term therapeutic effects in Crohn's disease (CD) by interacting directly with cells of the immune system such as monocytes and T lymphocytes via membrane TNF and by inducing apoptosis. Accordingly, the effects of inflix-imab on monocyte apoptosis and down-regulation of proinflammatory cytokines (reverse signaling) were assessed.METHODS: To assess apoptosis, monocytes from healthy individuals (controls) and CD patients were incubated in the presence or absence of infliximab or the apoptotic agent gliotoxin for 24 hours. Annexin V staining and the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated dUTP-FITC nick end labeling assay were used to measure early and late apoptosis. To measure the effects of infliximab on reverse signaling, monocytes from healthy individuals pretreated in vitro with infliximab were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide or staphylococcal enterotoxin A, and the induction of the proinflammatory cytokines, TNF-alpha, interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-6, and IL-8 was measured by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. The effect of in vivo infliximab treatment of monocytes was similarly determined by comparing the responses of monocytes from CD patients before and immediately after infliximab infusion.RESULTS: Infliximab did not induce apoptosis of monocytes from either healthy individuals or CD patients but rather stabilized them. However, monocytes from healthy individuals treated with infliximab in vitro, or from CD patients infused with infliximab, produced significantly less TNF and other proinflammatory cytokines when stimulated with the bacterial products lipopolysaccharide and staphylococcal enterotoxin A.CONCLUSIONS: Apoptosis of monocytes is not responsible for the therapeutic effects of infliximab. However, some of the therapeutic effects of infliximab may be caused by its ability to down-regulate proinflammatory cytokines production by monocytes exposed to bacterial antigens.
|
['Antibodies, Monoclonal', 'Apoptosis', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Crohn Disease', 'Gastrointestinal Agents', 'Humans', 'Infliximab', 'Monocytes', 'Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha']
| 15,626,899
|
[['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['C06.405.205.731.500', 'C06.405.469.432.500'], ['D27.505.954.483'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224.608', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224.537', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224.642'], ['A11.118.637.555.652', 'A11.148.580', 'A11.627.624', 'A11.733.547', 'A15.145.229.637.555.652', 'A15.378.316.580', 'A15.382.490.555.652', 'A15.382.670.547', 'A15.382.680.547'], ['D12.644.276.374.500.800', 'D12.644.276.374.750.626', 'D12.776.124.900', 'D12.776.395.930', 'D12.776.467.374.500.800', 'D12.776.467.374.750.626', 'D23.529.374.500.800', 'D23.529.374.750.626']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Characterization of neuropeptides by reversed-phase, ion-pair liquid chromatography with post-column detection by radioimmunoassay. Application to thyrotropin-releasing hormone, substance P, and vasopressin.
|
Neuropeptide contents of rat brain samples were determined by radioimmunoassay (RIA) after fractionation of tissue extracts by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Solvent systems were composed of acetic acid, acetonitrile and short-chain (5--8 carbons) alkylsulfonic acids. Separate solvent systems were developed for thyrotropin-releasing hormone, substance P. arginine vasopressin and biologic analogs, and the enkephalins. All separation systems tested gave 80--90% recovery of picogram quantities of peptides. When lyophilized, the HPLC solvents did not interfere significantly with the RIAs, allowing quantitation of tissue concentrations of isolated neuropeptides using the lyophilized eluent from the HPLC. The combination of liquid chromatography with RIA should allow for very accurate identification and quantification of peptides in biologic samples containing large numbers of potentially cross-reacting species of molecules.
|
['Animals', 'Brain Chemistry', 'Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'Corpus Striatum', 'Hypothalamus', 'Microchemistry', 'Pituitary Gland, Posterior', 'Radioimmunoassay', 'Rats', 'Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet', 'Substance P', 'Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone', 'Vasopressins']
| 6,164,686
|
[['B01.050'], ['G02.111.150', 'G03.185'], ['E05.196.181.400.300'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.249.487'], ['A08.186.211.180.497', 'A08.186.211.200.317.357'], ['E05.196.620', 'H01.181.650'], ['A06.300.747.875', 'A06.688.178.875', 'A06.688.357.750.875', 'A08.186.211.180.497.352.435.500.875', 'A08.186.211.200.317.357.352.435.500.875', 'A08.713.049.875', 'A08.713.357.750.875'], ['E01.370.384.700', 'E05.478.566.639', 'E05.601.470.639'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['E05.196.712.726.802', 'E05.196.867.826.802'], ['D12.644.276.812.900.866', 'D12.644.400.800.750', 'D12.644.456.800.866', 'D12.776.467.812.900.866', 'D12.776.631.650.800.750', 'D23.469.050.375.850.890', 'D23.529.812.900.866'], ['D06.472.699.327.740.880', 'D12.644.400.400.740.880', 'D12.644.456.837', 'D12.644.548.365.740.880', 'D12.776.631.650.405.740.880', 'D12.776.631.650.810'], ['D06.472.699.631.692.781', 'D12.644.400.900', 'D12.644.456.925', 'D12.644.548.691.692.781', 'D12.776.631.650.937']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Hydrochlorothiazide exerts no direct vasoactivity in the human forearm.
|
BACKGROUND: Recently, hydrochlorothiazide has been shown to relax vascular smooth muscle in vitro in clinically relevant concentrations by the opening of calcium-activated potassium channels, leading to hyperpolarization and consequent closing of voltage-operated calcium channels. Long-term administration of hydrochlorothiazide reduces peripheral vascular resistance in vivo in man. These results indicate that hydrochlorothiazide has hemodynamic activity, and we therefore examined the direct vascular action of this drug in vivo.SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Forearm vasodilator responses to the infusion of a placebo and five increasing doses of hydrochlorothiazide into the brachial artery were recorded by venous occlusion strain-gauge plethysmography (perfused forearm technique) in eight normotensive male volunteers. Venous samples were taken from an ipsilateral antecubital vein at the end of each infusion period to measure the hydrochlorothiazide concentration.RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Plasma concentrations of hydrochlorothiazide averaged 3.5 +/- 0.3 mu g/ml at the highest infusion rate. This concentration leads to a 60 +/- 10% relaxation in vitro and is more than 10 times the therapeutic plasma concentration. Despite these supratherapeutic levels, we were unable to demonstrate a change in forearm blood flow and vascular resistance. Also, no significant changes were observed in blood pressure and heart rate.CONCLUSION: In contrast to in vitro results, hydrochlorothiazide does not exert any direct vasoactivity in the forearm vascular bed of healthy normotensive male volunteers at (supra)therapeutic plasma concentrations.
|
['Antihypertensive Agents', 'Brachial Artery', 'Forearm', 'Hemodynamics', 'Humans', 'Hydrochlorothiazide', 'Infusions, Intra-Arterial', 'Male', 'Plethysmography']
| 8,903,662
|
[['D27.505.954.411.162'], ['A07.015.114.139'], ['A01.378.800.585'], ['G09.330.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D02.886.590.700.135.261.476', 'D02.886.655.500.261.476', 'D03.633.100.174.261.476'], ['E02.319.267.510.520'], ['E01.370.370.610']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Phospho-LAT-independent activation of the ras-mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway: a differential recruitment model of TCR partial agonist signaling.
|
Stimulation of mature T cells with agonist ligands of the Ag receptor (TCR) causes rapid phosphorylation of tyrosine-based activation motifs in the intracellular portion of TCR-zeta and CD3 and activation of several intracellular signaling cascades. Coordinate activation of these pathways is dependent on Lck- and ZAP-70-mediated tyrosine phosphorylation of a 36-kDa linker for activation of T cells and subsequent recruitment of phospholipase C-gamma1, Grb2-SOS, and SLP-76-vav. Here, we show that TCR partial agonist ligands can selectively activate one of these pathways, the Ras-mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway, by inducing recruitment of Grb2-SOS complexes to incompletely phosphorylated p21 phospho-TCR-zeta. This bypasses the need for activation of Lck and ZAP-70, and for phosphorylation of the linker for activation of T cells to activate Ras. We propose a general model in which differential recruitment of activating complexes away from transmembrane linker proteins may determine selective activation of a given signaling pathway.
|
['Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing', 'Animals', 'Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases', 'Carrier Proteins', 'Clone Cells', 'Enzyme Activation', 'GRB2 Adaptor Protein', 'Lymphocyte Activation', 'Lymphocyte Specific Protein Tyrosine Kinase p56(lck)', 'Membrane Proteins', 'Mice', 'Models, Biological', 'Oligopeptides', 'Peptide Fragments', 'Phosphoproteins', 'Phosphorylation', 'Protein-Tyrosine Kinases', 'Proteins', 'Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell', 'Signal Transduction', 'T-Lymphocytes', 'ZAP-70 Protein-Tyrosine Kinase', 'ras Proteins']
| 10,438,919
|
[['D12.644.360.024', 'D12.776.157.057', 'D12.776.476.024'], ['B01.050'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.125', 'D12.644.360.100', 'D12.776.476.100'], ['D12.776.157'], ['A11.251.353'], ['G02.111.263', 'G03.328'], ['D12.644.360.024.290', 'D12.776.157.057.041', 'D12.776.476.024.377'], ['E01.370.225.812.482', 'E05.200.812.482', 'E05.478.594.530', 'G12.450.050.400.545', 'G12.565'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.800.315', 'D12.776.624.664.700.128'], ['D12.776.543'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['E05.599.395'], ['D12.644.456'], ['D12.644.541'], ['D12.776.744'], ['G02.111.665', 'G02.607.780', 'G03.796'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725'], ['D12.776'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.816.824'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.569', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.900', 'D12.776.476.950'], ['D08.811.277.040.330.300.400.500', 'D12.644.360.525.500', 'D12.776.157.325.515.500', 'D12.776.476.525.500']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Condom use and vaginal Y-chromosome detection: the specificity of a potential biomarker.
|
OBJECTIVE: Detection of vaginal Y-chromosome sequences (YCS) may be a useful biomarker to validate sexual behavior reporting in women. We describe the effects of condom use on the detection of vaginal YCS.METHODS: Fifty-six women were asked to abstain from sexual intercourse for 14 days. On day 15, participants were asked to engage in sexual intercourse with their male partners using condoms. Self-collected vaginal swabs were obtained on days 14, 16, and 17. YCS were detected using the Roche LightCycler with the use of positive controls.RESULTS: Fourty-four of 56 women completed the study. Five women (11.4%) had detectable YCS. The overall specificity of the YCS assay with condom use was 92% (95% CI: 80%-98%). Although women who reported receptive oral sex and digital penetration within 48 hours of swab collection had a higher detection rate of YCS [RR 2.3 (95% CI: 1.1-4.6) and 3.6 (95%CI: 1.6-8.5), respectively], the mean concentration of YCS was much less than that associated with unprotected vaginal intercourse (P <0.001)CONCLUSIONS: Condom use during intercourse appears to prevent vaginal YCS detection; this may be a useful biomarker to validate self-reported condom use.
|
['Biomarkers', 'Chromosomes, Human, Y', 'Condoms', 'DNA', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Semen', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Sexually Transmitted Diseases', 'Vaginal Smears']
| 17,308,500
|
[['D23.101'], ['A11.284.187.520.300.505.757', 'A11.284.187.865.983.500', 'G05.360.162.520.300.505.757', 'G05.360.162.865.983.500'], ['E07.190.270.150'], ['D13.444.308'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.393.620.500'], ['E05.318.370.800.650', 'N05.715.360.325.700.640', 'N06.850.520.445.800.650'], ['A12.200.732'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['C01.221.812', 'C01.778', 'C12.294.668', 'C13.351.500.711', 'C23.550.291.531.937'], ['E01.370.225.500.384.100.800', 'E01.370.225.998.054.800', 'E01.370.378.900', 'E04.074.800', 'E05.200.500.384.100.800', 'E05.200.998.054.800', 'E05.242.384.100.800']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Gambling-related attitudes and behaviors in adolescents having received instant (scratch) lottery tickets as gifts.
|
OBJECTIVE: Instant (scratch) lottery ticket gambling is popular among adolescents. Prior research has not determined whether adolescents' gambling behavior and attitudes toward gambling are influenced by the receipt of scratch lottery tickets as gifts.METHOD: Cross-sectional survey data from 2,002 Connecticut high school students with past-year gambling were analyzed using bivariate approaches and logistic regression analyses. Interactions between gambling-problem severity and lottery-gift status were examined in relation to multiple outcomes.RESULTS: Adolescents who received a scratch lottery ticket as a gift compared with those who did not were more likely to report features of problem gambling, buy scratch lottery tickets for themselves, and buy and receive other types of lottery tickets; they were also less likely to report parental disapproval of gambling and to see gambling prevention efforts as important. Later (?15 years) age-at-gambling-onset was inversely linked to gambling-problem severity in the lottery gift group (odds ratio [OR] = .38) but not in the nongift group (OR = .91), yielding a significant severity by gift status interaction. Other academic, health, and gambling-related correlates of gambling-problem severity were similar in the gift and nongift groups.CONCLUSIONS: For adolescents, the receipt of scratch lottery tickets as gifts during childhood or adolescence was associated with risky/problematic gambling and with gambling-related attitudes, behaviors, and views suggesting greater gambling acceptability. The extent to which the receipt of scratch lottery tickets may promote gambling behaviors and the development of gambling problems warrants consideration. Education, prevention, and treatment strategies should incorporate findings relating to receipt of gambling products by underage individuals.
|
['Attitude', 'Connecticut', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Female', 'Gambling', 'Gift Giving', 'Humans', 'Leisure Activities', 'Male', 'Motivation', 'Psychology, Adolescent', 'Risk', 'Social Facilitation']
| 23,299,004
|
[['F01.100'], ['Z01.107.567.875.550.200'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['F01.145.722.408', 'F03.250.400'], ['F01.145.813.208'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['I03.450'], ['F01.658', 'F01.752.543.500.750'], ['F04.096.628.065'], ['E05.318.740.600.800', 'G17.680.750', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800'], ['F01.145.813.655']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Early detection of type 2 diabetes: the role of the community nurse.
|
Recent changes to the diagnostic criteria for type 2 diabetes have raised concerns that if steps are not taken to address relevant issues, the number of diagnosed sufferers will escalate in future years, with a similar increase in the prevalence of associated complications. Research suggests that for many patients, complications are evident at the time of diagnosis, and may have been present for several years before a diagnosis was made. Late presentation is the cause of considerable morbidity and mortality among these patients, largely because undiagnosed complications are often irreversible by the time the underlying diabetes is discovered. The current emphasis on public health augments the need for community nurses to recognize warning signs, particularly in patients who are at an increased risk of developing diabetes. This article aims to raise awareness of early signs and symptoms, and gives a brief insight into some of the associated health problems. If community nurses are to play a significant role in reducing the potentially devastating effects of this disease, they will need to be involved tin educating patients and implementing screening and intervention programmes.
|
['Community Health Nursing', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2', 'Humans', "Nurse's Role", 'Nursing Diagnosis', 'Risk Factors']
| 11,907,442
|
[['H02.478.676.150', 'N02.421.143.150'], ['C18.452.394.750.149', 'C19.246.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.829.316.616.625.450', 'N05.300.100.337'], ['N04.590.233.508.480.110'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725']]
|
['Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Infant salt preference and mother's morning sickness.
|
Evidence for an association between early pregnancy sickness and offspring salt (NaCl) preference has been obtained from studying offspring as young adults. To determine whether effects on NaCl preference are expressed in infancy, the present study examined 16-week-old infants whose mothers reported either little or no vomiting (N = 15) or frequent moderate to severe vomiting (N = 14) during the first 14 weeks of their pregnancy. The infants' oral-motor facial reactions to each solution and their relative intakes of distilled water and 0.1m and 0.2m NaCl were used as measures of preference. Infants of mothers who reported no or mild symptoms had a significantly lower relative intake of salt solutions than infants whose mothers reported moderate to severe symptoms (p < 0.01). The former infants also showed a greater number of aversive facial responses when given 0.2m NaCl (p < 0.05). Taken together, these findings support the hypothesis that maternal dehydration, induced by moderate to severe vomiting during pregnancy, can lead to enhanced salt preference in offspring. They also provide a potential explanation for some of the variability encountered when human infants are tested for their salt preference.
|
['Adult', 'Female', 'Food Preferences', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Pregnancy', 'Pregnancy Complications', 'Sodium Chloride, Dietary', 'Vomiting']
| 9,632,460
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['F01.145.407.516', 'G07.203.650.353.516'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['C13.703'], ['D01.857.650.705', 'D01.857.875.705'], ['C23.888.821.937']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Perilymph fistula.
|
Perilymph fistula occurs when endolymph and perilymph mix, or when perilymph leaks into the middle ear space. Sensorineural hearing loss and/or vertigo may result. This paper reviews the pertinent anatomy and physiology of the inner ear, clinical presentations, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis as a guide for the clinician.
|
['Adult', 'Athletic Injuries', 'Audiometry', 'Child', 'Female', 'Fistula', 'Hearing Loss', 'Hearing Loss, Sensorineural', 'Humans', 'Labyrinth Diseases', 'Labyrinthine Fluids', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Perilymph', 'Prognosis', 'Vertigo']
| 4,071,174
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['C26.115'], ['E01.370.382.375.060'], ['M01.060.406'], ['C23.300.575'], ['C09.218.458.341', 'C10.597.751.418.341', 'C23.888.592.763.393.341'], ['C09.218.458.341.887', 'C10.597.751.418.341.887', 'C23.888.592.763.393.341.887'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C09.218.568'], ['A09.246.300.455', 'A12.207.270.517'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['A12.207.270.517.678'], ['E01.789'], ['C09.218.568.900.883', 'C10.597.951', 'C23.888.592.958']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Missense mutations in the beta(3) subunit have a different impact on the expression and function between alpha(IIb)beta(3) and alpha(v)beta(3).
|
Alpha(IIb)beta(3) and alpha(v)beta(3) belong to the beta(3) integrin subfamily. Although the beta(3) subunit is a key regulator for the biosynthesis of beta(3) integrins, it remains obscure whether missense mutations in beta(3) may induce the same defects in both alpha(IIb)beta(3) and alpha(v)beta(3). In this study, it is revealed that thrombasthenic platelets with a His280Pro mutation in beta(3), which is prevalent in Japanese patients with Glanzmann thrombasthenia, did contain significant amounts of alpha(v)beta(3) (about 50% of control) using sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Expression studies showed that the His280Probeta(3) mutation impaired alpha(IIb)beta(3) expression but not alpha(v)beta(3) expression in 293 cells. To extend these findings, the effects of several beta(3) missense mutations leading to an impaired alpha(IIb)beta(3) expression on alpha(v)beta(3) function as well as expression was examined: Leu117Trp, Ser162Leu, Arg216Gln, Cys374Tyr, and a newly created Arg216Gln/Leu292Ser mutation. Leu117Trp and Cys374Tyr beta(3) mutations did impair alpha(v)beta(3) expression, while Ser162Leu, Arg216Gln, and Arg216Gln/Leu292Ser mutations did not. With regard to ligand binding function, Ser162Leu mutation induced especially distinct effects between 2 beta(3) integrins: it markedly impaired ligand binding to alpha(IIb)beta(3) but not to alpha(v)beta(3) at all. These data clearly demonstrate that the biosynthesis and the ligand binding function of alpha(IIb)beta(3) and those of alpha(v)beta(3) are regulated in part by different mechanisms. Present data would be a clue to elucidate the regulatory mechanism of expression and function of beta(3) integrins.
|
['Adult', 'Amino Acid Sequence', 'Antigens, CD', 'Blood Platelets', 'Cell Line', 'DNA Mutational Analysis', 'Female', 'Fibrinogen', 'Gene Expression', 'Humans', 'Integrin beta3', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Mutagenesis, Site-Directed', 'Mutation, Missense', 'Platelet Glycoprotein GPIIb-IIIa Complex', 'Platelet Membrane Glycoproteins', 'Protein Binding', 'Receptors, Vitronectin', 'Thrombasthenia', 'Transfection']
| 11,806,996
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['D23.050.301.264.035', 'D23.101.100.110'], ['A11.118.188', 'A15.145.229.188'], ['A11.251.210'], ['E05.393.760.700.300'], ['D12.776.124.050.250', 'D12.776.124.125.500', 'D12.776.811.300', 'D23.119.490'], ['G05.297'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.408.200.750'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['E05.393.420.601.575'], ['G05.365.590.650'], ['D12.776.395.550.625.785', 'D12.776.543.550.625.785', 'D12.776.543.750.705.408.460.700', 'D12.776.543.750.705.675.784'], ['D12.776.395.550.625', 'D12.776.543.550.625', 'D12.776.543.750.705.675'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.408.460.870'], ['C15.378.100.100.820', 'C15.378.140.810', 'C15.378.463.810', 'C16.320.099.820'], ['E05.393.350.810', 'G05.728.860']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Juniper tar (cade oil) poisoning in new born after a cutaneous application.
|
Juniper tar (cade oil) is distilled from the branches and wood of Juniperus oxycedrus. It contains etheric oils, triterpene and phenols, used for many purposes in folk medicine. The authors report a case of a previously healthy new born treated with a topical application of Juniperus oxycedrus for atopic dermatosis The poisoning caused convulsions, collapsus, acute pulmonary oedema, renal failure and hepatotoxicity. The newborn survived after supportive and symptomatic treatment, and discharged in a good condition on the eleventh day of hospitalisation in intensive care unit.
|
['Acute Kidney Injury', 'Administration, Cutaneous', 'Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury', 'Dermatitis, Atopic', 'Humans', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Plant Extracts', 'Pulmonary Edema', 'Seizures', 'Skin Absorption', 'Tars']
| 22,675,090
|
[['C12.777.419.780.050', 'C13.351.968.419.780.050'], ['E02.319.267.120.060'], ['C06.552.100', 'C25.100.562', 'C25.723.260'], ['C16.320.850.210', 'C17.800.174.193', 'C17.800.815.193', 'C17.800.827.210', 'C20.543.480.343'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['D20.215.784.500', 'D26.667'], ['C08.381.742'], ['C10.597.742', 'C23.888.592.742'], ['G03.015.500.750', 'G03.787.024.500.750', 'G07.690.725.015.500.750', 'G13.750.778'], ['D20.749']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Effects of unilateral PEEP on biomechanics of both lungs during independent lung ventilation in patients anaesthetised for thoracic surgery.
|
BACKGROUND: Synchronous independent lung ventilation (ILV) is the treatment of choice for unilateral pathology of lung parenchyma. Numerous studies have documented the improved blood oxygenation and clinical efficacy of this procedure. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of ILV on the selected biomechanical parameters of the lungs.METHOD: The study involved ASA I-II patients undergoing thoracic surgery in the lateral decubitus position under the standard conditions of general anaesthesia with the thoracic cavity closed. ILV with equal separation of the tidal volume was performed with a prototype volume separator, using incremental a PEEP of 0-15 cm H₂O in the dependent lung. Peak pressures, dynamic compliance and airway resistance of both lungs were evaluated.RESULTS: The study included 36 patients. In all of the patients, a PEEP of 5-15 cm H₂O in one lung increased its peak pressures, dynamic compliance and resistances, and variably affected the biomechanical parameters of the other lung. Irrespective of patient positioning on the right or left side, the highest compliance was recorded at a PEEP of 10 cm H₂O.CONCLUSIONS: In ILV, peak pressures and airway resistances are higher in the dependent lung compared to compliances in the non-dependent lung. ILV with a PEEP of 5-15 cm H₂O increases the biomechanical parameters of the dependent lung while variably influencing the parameters in the non-dependent lung.
|
['Adult', 'Airway Resistance', 'Anesthesia, General', 'Biomechanical Phenomena', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Lung', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Positive-Pressure Respiration', 'Respiration, Artificial', 'Thoracic Surgical Procedures', 'Tidal Volume']
| 25,751,288
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E01.370.386.700.050', 'G09.772.060'], ['E03.155.197'], ['G01.154.090', 'G01.374.089'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A04.411'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E02.041.625.790', 'E02.880.820.790'], ['E02.041.625', 'E02.365.647.729', 'E02.880.820'], ['E04.928'], ['E01.370.386.700.485.750.900.350.750', 'G09.772.850.970.500.700']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
The status of psychiatric nursing: characteristics and perceptions of nurses in the state of Michigan.
|
Concerned about the status of both mental health services and the role of professional nursing in the delivery of those services, the Michigan Nurses' Association Psychiatric-Mental Health Nursing Practice Section initiated a survey of psychiatric nurses in the state. One hundred forty psychiatric nurses returned questionnaires that explored their professional characteristics and activities, the characteristics of their clients, their perceptions of major issues confronting mental health services and psychiatric nursing and recommended actions, the perceived strengths of psychiatric nursing, and the skills and knowledge they believed are necessary for the future. Respondents are working with a variety of patients in difficult circumstances. Responses indicate the need for specialized knowledge and skills to provide care to mentally ill clients with increasingly complex problems, additional nursing involvement in political and health care arenas, and more nursing leadership and support within nursing.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Attitude of Health Personnel', 'Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice', 'Humans', 'Mental Health Services', 'Michigan', 'Middle Aged', 'Nurses', 'Psychiatric Nursing', 'Surveys and Questionnaires']
| 7,558,792
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['F01.100.050', 'N05.300.100'], ['F01.100.150.500', 'N05.300.150.410'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F04.408', 'N02.421.461'], ['Z01.107.567.875.350.500', 'Z01.107.567.875.510.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['M01.526.485.650', 'N02.360.650'], ['H02.478.676.710', 'N02.421.533.778'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
A prospective cross-screening study on G-protein-coupled receptors: lessons learned in virtual compound library design.
|
We present the systematic prospective evaluation of a protein-based and a ligand-based virtual screening platform against a set of three G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs): the â-2 adrenoreceptor (ADRB2), the adenosine A(2A) receptor (AA2AR), and the sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor (S1PR1). Novel bioactive compounds were identified using a consensus scoring procedure combining ligand-based (frequent substructure ranking) and structure-based (Snooker) tools, and all 900 selected compounds were screened against all three receptors. A striking number of ligands showed affinity/activity for GPCRs other than the intended target, which could be partly attributed to the fuzziness and overlap of protein-based pharmacophore models. Surprisingly, the phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibitor sildenafil was found to possess submicromolar affinity for AA2AR. Overall, this is one of the first published prospective chemogenomics studies that demonstrate the identification of novel cross-pharmacology between unrelated protein targets. The lessons learned from this study can be used to guide future virtual ligand design efforts.
|
['Adenosine A2 Receptor Agonists', 'Adenosine A2 Receptor Antagonists', 'Adrenergic beta-2 Receptor Agonists', 'Adrenergic beta-2 Receptor Antagonists', 'Animals', 'CHO Cells', 'Cricetinae', 'Cricetulus', 'Databases, Factual', 'Drug Design', 'Drug Partial Agonism', 'HEK293 Cells', 'High-Throughput Screening Assays', 'Humans', 'Ligands', 'Models, Molecular', 'Molecular Structure', 'Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitors', 'Piperazines', 'Purines', 'Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship', 'Radioligand Assay', 'Receptors, Adenosine A2', 'Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2', 'Receptors, Lysosphingolipid', 'Sildenafil Citrate', 'Stochastic Processes', 'Sulfones']
| 22,563,707
|
[['D27.505.519.625.725.200.100.200', 'D27.505.696.577.725.200.100.200'], ['D27.505.519.625.725.400.100.200', 'D27.505.696.577.725.400.100.200'], ['D27.505.519.625.050.100.200.200', 'D27.505.696.577.050.100.200.200'], ['D27.505.519.625.050.200.200.200', 'D27.505.696.577.050.200.200.200'], ['B01.050'], ['A11.251.210.200', 'A11.436.155'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.075.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.075.250.250'], ['L01.313.500.750.300.188.400', 'L01.470.750.750'], ['E05.290.500', 'H01.158.703.007.338.500', 'H01.181.466.338.500'], ['G07.690.773.968.154.500'], ['A11.251.210.172.750', 'A11.436.334'], ['E05.916.680'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D27.720.470.480'], ['E05.599.595'], ['G02.111.570', 'G02.466'], ['D27.505.519.389.735.500'], ['D03.383.606'], ['D03.633.100.759'], ['G02.111.830.500', 'G07.690.773.997.500'], ['E01.370.225.985', 'E01.370.374.650', 'E01.370.384.720', 'E05.200.985'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.700.700.200', 'D12.776.543.750.720.700.700.200'], ['D12.776.543.750.670.300.300.340.200', 'D12.776.543.750.695.150.300.340.725', 'D12.776.543.750.720.330.300.340.200'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.420.500'], ['D02.065.884.675', 'D02.886.590.700.675', 'D03.383.606.854', 'D03.633.100.759.824'], ['E05.318.740.996', 'G17.830', 'N05.715.360.750.770', 'N06.850.520.830.996'], ['D02.886.590']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Treatment of a Fetal Tracheal Obstruction by Fetoscopy and Laser.
|
We report below a case of in utero tracheoscopy with laser collapse of a bronchogenic cyst obstructing the fetal trachea. The patient was referred for ultrasonography at 24 weeks of gestation because of fetal hydrops. Tracheoscopy was performed via fetoscopic approach using a single trocar under local anesthesia with lidocaine and ultrasound guidance. This revealed an image suggestive of a cyst obstructing the middle third at the anterior base of the trachea. Coagulation using a diode laser enabled us to collapse this fluid-filled cyst with three 10-watt bursts (3 times 3 s) and to visualize a completely unobstructed tracheobronchial tree with significant pulmonary fluid reflux on removal of the obstacle. The fetal condition improved markedly within 48 h after the procedure. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first described case of in utero treatment of a tracheal obstruction by tracheoscopy and laser. In severe cases of obstruction of the fetal airways, whether the obstacle is situated in a high or low position, fetal endoscopy is of diagnostic and potentially therapeutic utility.
|
['Adult', 'Airway Obstruction', 'Female', 'Fetoscopy', 'Humans', 'Mediastinal Cyst', 'Pregnancy', 'Ultrasonography, Prenatal']
| 25,660,567
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['C08.618.846.185'], ['E01.370.378.630.300', 'E01.370.388.250.280', 'E02.467.750', 'E04.502.250.280', 'E04.520.280'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.182.444', 'C08.846.187.145'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['E01.370.350.850.865', 'E01.370.378.630.865']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
E-Health, another mechanism to recruit and retain healthcare professionals in remote areas: lessons learned from EQUI-ResHuS project in Mali.
|
BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate the perceived influence of telehealth on recruitment and retention of healthcare professionals in remote areas in Mali.METHODS: After 15 months of diagnosis imaging training and telehealth activities at four project sites in remote Mali, between May 2011 and August 2012, a 75-item questionnaire was administered to healthcare professionals to assess the various factors related to Information and Communication Technologies (ICT), especially telehealth, and their influence on health personnel recruitment and retention. Questions assessing perceived impact of telehealth on recruitment and retention of healthcare professionals were rated on a five-point Likert scale. Dependent variables were perceived influence of ICT on recruitment and retention and independent variables were access to ICT, ICT training, ICT use, perceived benefits and drawbacks of telehealth, and perceived barriers to recruitment and retention. A multiple linear regression was performed to identify variables explaining the respondents' perceptions regarding telehealth influence on recruitment and retention.RESULTS: Data analysis showed that professionals in remote areas have very positive perceptions of telehealth in general. Many benefits of telehealth for recruitment and retention were highlighted, with perceived benefits of ICT (p = 0.0478), perceived effects of telehealth on recruitment (p = 0.0018), telehealth training (0.0338) and information on telehealth (0.0073) being the strongest motivators for recruitment, while the perceived effects of telehealth on retention (p = 0.0018) was the only factor significantly associated with retention.CONCLUSIONS: Based on our study results, telehealth could represent a mechanism for recruiting and retaining health professionals in remote areas and could reduce the isolation of these professionals through networking opportunities.
|
['Adult', 'Attitude of Health Personnel', 'Computer Communication Networks', 'Education, Continuing', 'Education, Distance', 'Evaluation Studies as Topic', 'Female', 'Health Care Surveys', 'Health Personnel', 'Humans', 'Job Satisfaction', 'Male', 'Mali', 'Middle Aged', 'Personnel Selection', 'Pilot Projects', 'Regression Analysis', 'Rural Health Services', 'Telemedicine', 'Workforce']
| 25,539,841
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['F01.100.050', 'N05.300.100'], ['L01.224.230.110'], ['I02.358.212'], ['I02.195'], ['E05.337', 'N05.715.360.335'], ['E05.318.308.980.344', 'N03.349.380.210', 'N05.425.210', 'N05.715.360.300.800.344', 'N06.850.520.308.980.344'], ['M01.526.485', 'N02.360'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F02.784.692.425'], ['Z01.058.290.190.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['N04.452.677.500'], ['E05.318.372.750', 'E05.337.737', 'N05.715.360.330.720', 'N06.850.520.450.720'], ['E05.318.740.750', 'N05.715.360.750.695', 'N06.850.520.830.750'], ['N02.421.816'], ['H02.403.840', 'L01.178.847.652', 'N04.590.374.800'], ['N04.452.525']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Transcatheter coil embolization of abnormal vascular connections using a new type of delivery catheter for enhanced control.
|
A new type of delivery catheter, designed with a 0.033-inch distal tip that grips a 0.038-inch Gianturco coil, was used to occlude 61 abnormal vascular connections in 44 patients with a complete closure rate of 87%. Withdrawal (n = 6) or repositioning (n = 2) of an inappropriately positioned coil was necessary in 8 of 44 patients, and was successfully achieved in all by the delivery catheter without need for additional equipment.
|
['Arteriovenous Fistula', 'Arteriovenous Malformations', 'Catheterization', 'Embolization, Therapeutic', 'Humans']
| 10,190,426
|
[['C14.240.850.750.147', 'C14.240.850.984.750', 'C14.907.150.125', 'C14.907.933.555', 'C16.131.240.850.750.125', 'C23.300.575.950.250'], ['C14.240.850.750', 'C14.907.150', 'C16.131.240.850.750'], ['E02.148', 'E05.157'], ['E02.520.360', 'E02.926.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Benign tumors of the spine in the adolescent. Surgical considerations apropos of 4 cases].
|
About 4 observations of benign tumours of the spine of the adolescent, we have studied the surgical aspect of the treatment of these lesion. The choice of the surgical approach is fundamental in view of the necessity of a complete exeresis, which implies techniques of spinal reconstruction and stabilization. Those problems are illustrated by: 2 cases of aneurysmal cyst, 1 case of eosinophilic granuloma, and 1 case of osteochondroma.
|
['Adolescent', 'Bone Cysts', 'Cervical Vertebrae', 'Child', 'Chondroma', 'Eosinophilic Granuloma', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Laminectomy', 'Lumbar Vertebrae', 'Male', 'Spinal Neoplasms', 'Thoracic Vertebrae']
| 3,366,821
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['C04.182.089', 'C05.116.070'], ['A02.835.232.834.151'], ['M01.060.406'], ['C04.557.450.565.265'], ['C05.116.391', 'C08.381.483.375.500', 'C15.378.553.231.348', 'C15.604.250.400.360', 'C23.550.382.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.718.563', 'E04.188.400', 'E04.525.450', 'E04.555.350'], ['A02.835.232.834.519'], ['C04.588.149.828', 'C05.116.231.828', 'C05.116.900.801'], ['A02.835.232.834.892']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Quality of Blood Pressure Tracking Apps for the iPhone: Content Analysis and Evaluation of Adherence With Home Blood Pressure Measurement Best Practices.
|
BACKGROUND: Blood pressure (BP) tracking apps may aid in hypertension (HTN) self-management, but app quality may be problematic.OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to develop a content-dependent rating system for BP tracking apps and systematically evaluate BP tracking features, content-independent quality, functional characteristics, and educational comprehensiveness of English language iPhone apps developed with the primary purpose of tracking a consumer's BP measurements.METHODS: We created a 28-item checklist reflecting overall app quality and a simplified 2-item checklist to assess adherence with home BP monitoring best practices. Apps with educational information were evaluated for comprehensiveness on a 7-point scale and for consistency with evidence-based guidelines. Higher scores represent better quality and comprehensiveness. We searched the Canadian App Store on June 28, 2016, using the keywords hypertension and blood pressure. A total of 2 reviewers independently assessed apps according to the standardized template. We determined if paid apps, educational apps, or those rated ?4 stars were of higher quality.RESULTS: Of the 948 apps screened, 62 met the inclusion criteria. The mean overall quality score was 12.2 (SD 4.6, out of 28) and 6 apps (10%, 6/62) met the home BP monitoring best practice criteria. In all, 12 apps contained educational content (mean comprehensiveness 2.4, SD 1.6 out of 14), most commonly, background information on HTN. Apps with educational content (mean 15.1, SD 3.8 vs 11.8, SD 4.8; P=.03) or a ?4 star rating (median 19, interquartile range [IQR] 15-20, vs 12, IQR 9-15; P=.02) had higher overall quality.CONCLUSIONS: The BP tracking apps reviewed had variable quality and few met the home BP monitoring best practice criteria. When deciding to recommend a specific BP tracking app, we suggest clinicians should evaluate whether the app allows input of duplicate BP readings in the morning and evening for at least seven days and presents the mean BP value for user-specified dates. Greater attention to home BP measurement best practices is required during app development.
|
['Blood Pressure', 'Blood Pressure Determination', 'Canada', 'Equipment Design', 'Humans', 'Practice Guidelines as Topic', 'Self-Management', 'Technology Assessment, Biomedical']
| 30,977,739
|
[['E01.370.600.875.249', 'G09.330.380.076'], ['E01.370.370.140', 'E01.370.600.100'], ['Z01.107.567.176'], ['E05.320'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N04.761.700.350.650', 'N05.700.350.650'], ['N02.421.784.760'], ['N03.880', 'N05.715.360.825']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Ecdysteroid-regulated heat-shock gene expression during Drosophila melanogaster development.
|
Peaks in hsp 26, 28, and 83 RNA levels are correlated with peaks in ecdysteroid titers during mid-embryogenesis, pupariation, and mid-pupation, and with a peak in the level of RNA from the 74EF ecdysone puff at pupariation. Inhibition of the ecdysteroid peak at pupariation by temperature shift of the conditionally ecdysteroid-deficient strain ecd-1 was followed by a disappearance of hsp 26 RNA and a decline in hsp 83 RNA level; subsequent addition of exogeneous 20-OH-ecdysone to the temperature-shifted strain resulted in a severalfold increase in hsp 83 RNA level, and a dramatic increase in that of hsp 26. These results are consistent with the induction of the hsp 83, 28, and 26 genes by ecdysteroid at several developmental stages.
|
['Animals', 'Drosophila melanogaster', 'Ecdysterone', 'Genes', 'Heat-Shock Proteins', 'Juvenile Hormones', 'Mutation']
| 3,086,161
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.500.131.617.720.500.500.750.310.250.500'], ['D04.210.500.247.222.265.165.750', 'D06.472.445.573.271.750'], ['G05.360.340.024.340'], ['D12.776.580.216'], ['D06.472.445.573.666'], ['G05.365.590']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[A study of factors related to activities of daily living (ADL) of the elderly receiving in-home service longitudinal study using functional independence measures].
|
OBJECTIVE: We conducted a longitudinal study using Functional Independence Measures to clarify factor related to independence of activities of daily living of elderly receiving in-home service under the long-term care insurance systemMETHODS: Fifty-four elderly users of the in-home service of Ibaraki Prefecture assented to participate in this study and were analyzed. A researcher conducted survey at the baseline and after follow-up by visiting the elderly at each home. The evaluation standards used here were the Japanese version of Functional Independence Measure (FIM), Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), and Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15).RESULTS: The FIM score (mean+/-SD) was decreased 83.6+/-36.4 to 81.7+/-37.4 during the 112+/-22.2 day follow up period. Thirty-nine elderly demonstrated improvement or no change in FIM and 15 had declining scores. To clarify independent factors related to FIM change, we conducted a step-wise multifactor logistic regression analysis, and the results suggested importance for "in-home service availability" and "home care period less than one year".CONCLUSION: Our study suggested that it is important for maintenance or improvement of ADL in home care elderly to provide sufficient home .care services from the beginning under the long-term care insurance system.
|
['Activities of Daily Living', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Community Health Nursing', 'Female', 'Geriatric Assessment', 'Health Services for the Aged', 'Home Care Services', 'Humans', 'Insurance, Long-Term Care', 'Longitudinal Studies', 'Male']
| 17,419,402
|
[['E02.760.169.063.500.067', 'E02.831.067', 'I03.050', 'N02.421.784.110'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['H02.478.676.150', 'N02.421.143.150'], ['E05.318.308.225', 'I01.240.425.350', 'N01.224.425.350', 'N05.715.360.300.360', 'N06.850.505.400.425.350', 'N06.850.520.308.225'], ['N02.421.320'], ['N02.421.143.524', 'N02.421.539.089'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N03.219.521.576.343.508'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.500']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Protective effect of butylated hydroxytoluene on ferric nitrilotriacetate induced hepatotoxicity and oxidative stress in mice.
|
The present study was undertaken to evaluate the possible ameliorating effect of butylated hydroxyl toluene (BHT), associated with ferric nitrilotriacetate (Fe-NTA)-induced oxidative stress and liver injury in mice. The treatment of mice with Fe-NTA alone enhances ornithine decarboxylase activity to 4.6 folds, protein carbonyl formation increased up to 2.9 folds and DNA synthesis expressed in terms of [(3)H] thymidine incorporation increased to 3.2 folds, and antioxidants and antioxidant enzymes decreased to 1.8-2.5 folds, compared with the corresponding saline-treated controls. These changes were reversed significantly (p < 0.001) in animals receiving a pretreatment of BHT. Our data show that BHT can reciprocate the toxic effects of Fe-NTA and can serve as a potent chemopreventive agent.
|
['Animals', 'Butylated Hydroxytoluene', 'Enzyme Induction', 'Ferric Compounds', 'Lipid Peroxidation', 'Liver', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Nitrilotriacetic Acid', 'Ornithine Decarboxylase', 'Oxidative Stress', 'Protein Carbonylation']
| 23,444,334
|
[['B01.050'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.657.239.216'], ['G05.308.320.200'], ['D01.490.100'], ['G02.111.515', 'G03.295.531.587'], ['A03.620'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['D02.241.081.018.588'], ['D08.811.520.224.125.425'], ['G03.673', 'G07.775.750'], ['G02.111.660.871.790.600.350', 'G02.111.691.600.350', 'G03.673.690', 'G03.734.871.790.600.350', 'G05.308.670.600.350', 'G07.775.750.750']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Metabolism of thyrotropin releasing hormone in brain extracts. Isolation and characterization of an imidopeptidase for histidylprolineamide.
|
An extract of porcine brain acetone powder incubated with thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH; pGlu-His-ProNH2) produces acid TRH (pGlu-His-Pro), histidine, and prolineamide. Fractionation of the brain extract by DEAE-cellulose chromatography produces three protein fractions which metabolize TRH. The activity of these fractions was characterized using TRH with a 3H-label on the histidine or proline as well as [His-3H]His-ProNH2. Fraction I contains pyroglutamate aminopeptidase and Fraction II contains TRH deamidase. Fraction III was found to contain a previously unrecognized enzyme which cleaves His-ProNH2 to histidine and proline. The histidylprolineamide imidopeptidase has been characterized. A competition study using a variety of compounds containing histidine or proline suggests that the best substrates for the imidopeptidase contain a free alpha-amino group on histidine and a blocked carboxyl group on proline, as is found in His-ProNH2. A survey of a variety of polypeptide hormones indicates that many of them inhibit the imidopeptidase activity. A kinetic study of the inhibition of the enzyme by adrenocorticotropic hormone (1-24) shows that the inhibition by polypeptide hormones is noncompetitive. We hypothesize that pituitary hormones may stimulate the production of (cyclo)-His-Pro by inhibiting alternate routes of TRH metabolism.
|
['Animals', 'Brain', 'Dipeptidases', 'Dipeptides', 'Histidine', 'Kinetics', 'Proline', 'Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone']
| 107,159
|
[]
|
[]
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
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Opposing effects of circadian clock genes bmal1 and period2 in regulation of VEGF-dependent angiogenesis in developing zebrafish.
|
Molecular mechanisms underlying circadian-regulated physiological processes remain largely unknown. Here, we show that disruption of the circadian clock by both constant exposure to light and genetic manipulation of key genes in zebrafish led to impaired developmental angiogenesis. A bmal1-specific morpholino inhibited developmental angiogenesis in zebrafish embryos without causing obvious nonvascular phenotypes. Conversely, a period2 morpholino accelerated angiogenic vessel growth, suggesting that Bmal1 and Period2 display opposing angiogenic effects. Using a promoter-reporter system consisting of various deleted vegf-promoter mutants, we show that Bmal1 directly binds to and activates the vegf promoter via E-boxes. Additionally, we provide evidence that knockdown of Bmal1 leads to impaired Notch-inhibition-induced vascular sprouting. These results shed mechanistic insight on the role of the circadian clock in regulation of developmental angiogenesis, and our findings may be reasonably extended to other types of physiological or pathological angiogenesis.
|
['ARNTL Transcription Factors', 'Animals', 'Animals, Genetically Modified', 'Neovascularization, Physiologic', 'Period Circadian Proteins', 'Response Elements', 'Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A', 'Zebrafish', 'Zebrafish Proteins']
| 22,884,368
|
[['D12.644.360.138.049', 'D12.776.260.103.249', 'D12.776.476.156.100', 'D12.776.930.125.249'], ['B01.050'], ['B01.050.050.136', 'B05.620.136'], ['G09.330.630'], ['D12.644.360.138.575', 'D12.776.157.530.750.687', 'D12.776.476.156.625', 'D12.776.543.585.750.687'], ['G02.111.570.080.689.330.700', 'G02.111.570.080.689.675.700', 'G05.360.080.689.330.700', 'G05.360.080.689.675.700', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.750.249.765', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.750.680.765'], ['D12.644.276.100.800.200', 'D12.776.467.100.800.200', 'D23.529.100.800.200'], ['B01.050.150.900.493.200.244.828'], ['D12.776.325.500']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Development of an absorbance-based response model for monitoring the growth rates of Arcobacter butzleri as a function of temperature, pH, and NaCl concentration.
|
In this study, the growth of Arcobacter butzleri in poultry was evaluated as a function of storage temperature (5, 22.5, and 40°C), pH (5, 7, and 9), and NaCl concentration (0, 4, and 8%). A predictive model was developed using the absorbance-based response surface methodology to describe the growth rate. The primary model was obtained to predict a growth rate with a good fit (R2?0.95), and the secondary model was obtained by nonlinear regression analysis and calculated as follows: Growth rate=-2.267274-0.024181 (Temp)+0.6459384 (pH)+0.1926227 (NaCl)+0.0024661 (Temp?pH)-0.001312 (Temp?NaCl)-0.018802 (pH?NaCl)+0.000467 (Temp2)-0.041711 (pH2)- 0.007426 (NaCl2). Our data showed that the growth of A. butzleri can be completely inhibited at a pH of 5 (in the absence of NaCl, at 5°C) and at a pH of 9 (in the presence of 8% NaCl, at 5°C). The surface response model was statistically significant, with P<0.0001, as evident from the Fisher F test and from coefficient determination (R2, 0.95). This model was also verified by the bias factor (Bf, 0.839), accuracy factor (Af, 1.343), and mean square error (MSE, 0.0138). The newly developed secondary models of growth rate for A. butzleri could possibly be incorporated into a tertiary modeling program such as Pathogen Modeling Program (U.S. Department of Agriculture [USDA]) and Food Micro Model (in the United Kingdom). As a result, they could be used to predict the growth kinetics of A. butzleri as a function of a combination of environmental factors. Ultimately, the developed model can be used to reduce A. butzleri in poultry production, processing, and distribution, thereby enhancing food safety.
|
['Absorption, Physiological', 'Animals', 'Arcobacter', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Models, Biological', 'Poultry', 'Sodium Chloride', 'Temperature']
| 25,577,800
|
[['G03.015.500', 'G03.787.024.500', 'G07.690.725.015.500'], ['B01.050'], ['B03.440.050', 'B03.660.150.050'], ['G02.300'], ['E05.599.395'], ['B01.050.050.116.625', 'B01.050.150.900.248.690', 'G07.203.300.600.750', 'J02.500.600.750'], ['D01.210.450.150.875', 'D01.857.650'], ['G01.906.595', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710', 'G16.500.750.775.710', 'N06.230.150.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Hormonal modulation of prolyl endopeptidase and dipeptidyl peptidase IV activities in the mouse uterus and ovary.
|
Prolyl endopeptidase and dipeptidyl peptidase IV are proline-specific peptidases, and are ubiquitously distributed in various tissues in mammals. The specific activities of these peptidases in both uterus and ovary were examined in the SHN strain of mice at estrus or diestrus. A marked change in prolyl endopeptidase activity was found in the uterus and ovary in intact mice during the estrous cycle, the activity being high at estrus and low at diestrus. In ovariectomized mice, prolyl endopeptidase activity was significantly higher in the uterus treated with progesterone or estradiol than in the uterus treated with vehicle oil only or a dopamine antagonist (perphenazine) which stimulates prolactin secretion. On the other hand, notable change in dipeptidyl peptidase IV activity during the estrous cycle was found only in the uterus of intact mice. The activity was low at estrus and high at diestrus. In ovariectomized mice, the uterus exposed to estradiol showed a lower dipeptidyl peptidase IV activity than the uteri treated with progesterone, the dopamine antagonist or vehicle oil. These findings reveal that there is a close correlation between the circulating level of ovarian steroids and the activities of these proline-specific enzymes.
|
['Animals', 'Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4', 'Dipeptidyl-Peptidases and Tripeptidyl-Peptidases', 'Estradiol', 'Estrus', 'Female', 'Hormones', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred Strains', 'Ovariectomy', 'Ovary', 'Perphenazine', 'Progesterone', 'Prolyl Oligopeptidases', 'Serine Endopeptidases', 'Uterus']
| 1,357,903
|
[['B01.050'], ['D08.811.277.656.350.350.126', 'D08.811.277.656.959.250', 'D23.050.301.264.894.160', 'D23.101.100.894.160'], ['D08.811.277.656.350.350'], ['D04.210.500.365.415.248', 'D06.472.334.851.437.500'], ['G08.686.195.500'], ['D06.472', 'D27.505.696.399.472'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400'], ['E04.270.282.685', 'E04.950.165.685', 'E04.950.300.680'], ['A05.360.319.114.630', 'A05.360.576.497', 'A06.300.312.497'], ['D02.886.369.593', 'D03.633.300.783.593'], ['D04.210.500.745.745.654.829', 'D06.472.334.734.623', 'D06.472.334.851.687.750'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.760.637'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.760', 'D08.811.277.656.959.350'], ['A05.360.319.679']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Interaction between interleukin-1 and ciliary neurotrophic factor in the regulation of neuroblastoma cell functions.
|
Human neuroblastoma cells SK-N-SH express significant numbers of IL-1R type I on their surface, as detected by saturation binding and RT-PCR, and are responsive to IL-1beta activation by producing inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-8. IL-1beta can also have an indirect effect on nervous cell functions, since it is able to modulate the stimulus-induced increase of intracellular Ca++ levels, one of the first steps of the cell activation mechanism. In fact, on SK-N-SH neuroblastoma cells, IL-1beta can inhibit the Ca++ increase induced by stimulation of acetylcholine receptors with carbachol. In parallel to IL-1beta, the neurotrophic factor CNTF also shows an inhibitory effect on carbachol-stimulated Ca++ increase in CNTFRalpha-expressing SK-N-SH cells. However, when simultaneously present, the two cytokines cross-inhibit, thus allowing full cell activation in response to the cholinoceptor agonist. The inhibitory effect of CNTF on IL-1beta activities on nervous cells was confirmed in the IL-6 production assay. In fact, while CNTF could not induce IL-6 production, it could strongly inhibit cytokine production in response to IL-1beta in SK-N-SH cells. The down-modulation of IL-1 effects by CNTF could be one of the mechanisms controlling the extent of the inflammatory reaction at the nervous system level.
|
['Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor', 'Down-Regulation', 'Humans', 'Inflammation', 'Interleukin-1', 'Nerve Tissue Proteins', 'Neuroblastoma', 'Neurons', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Receptors, Interleukin-1', 'Transcription, Genetic']
| 9,459,616
|
[['D12.644.276.860.212', 'D12.776.467.860.212', 'D12.776.631.600.212', 'D23.529.850.212'], ['G02.111.240', 'G05.308.200', 'G07.690.773.937'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C23.550.470'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.010', 'D12.644.276.374.500.400', 'D12.776.467.374.465.010', 'D12.776.467.374.500.400', 'D23.529.374.465.131', 'D23.529.374.500.400'], ['D12.776.631'], ['C04.557.465.625.600.590.650.550', 'C04.557.470.670.590.650.550', 'C04.557.580.625.600.590.650.550'], ['A08.675', 'A11.671'], ['E05.393.620.500'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.852.420.300'], ['G02.111.873', 'G05.297.700']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Intra-axonal ferric ion-ferrocyanide staining of nodes of Ranvier and initial segments in central myelinated fibers.
|
Ferric ion and ferrocyanide were used to stain central nervous tissue from the spinal cords of rats following fixation in cacodylate-buffered aldehydes. At the nodes of Ranvier in myelinated fibers, the stain was localized primarily on the inner surface of the unmyelinated nodal axolemma, as had been reported previously for peripheral nodes. Unmyelinated initial segments of myelinated neurons were similarly stained, but the axon hillock, cell body and dendrites were not stained. Synapses also exhibited no staining. Details of stain localization and comparison of these results with other ultrastructural data suggest that the stain is specific for the node of Ranvier and the axon initial segment, and are consistent with the idea that the axolemma at these sites may be structurally different from the cell membrane in other regions of the neuron, including paranodal and internodal regions of the axon. The electron-dense substance underlying the cytoplasmic surface of the membrane at the nodes and initial segments may represent a substrate that serves to bind together membrane structures in specialized regions of the axolemma.
|
['Animals', 'Axons', 'Ferric Compounds', 'Ferrocyanides', 'Myelin Sheath', 'Nerve Fibers, Myelinated', 'Neurilemma', "Ranvier's Nodes", 'Rats', 'Spinal Cord', 'Staining and Labeling']
| 76,497
|
[['B01.050'], ['A08.675.542.145', 'A11.284.180.075', 'A11.671.137', 'A11.671.501.145'], ['D01.490.100'], ['D01.248.497.158.291.370', 'D01.490.200.250', 'D01.625.400.100.350'], ['A08.637.600.500', 'A08.637.800.500', 'A08.675.542.512.560', 'A08.800.800.690.500', 'A10.755.503', 'A11.284.149.165.600', 'A11.650.600.500', 'A11.650.800.500', 'A11.671.501.512.560', 'A11.671.514.553'], ['A08.675.542.512', 'A11.671.501.512', 'A11.671.514'], ['A08.637.800.500.550', 'A08.675.542.512.560.550', 'A08.800.800.690.500.550', 'A10.755.503.550', 'A11.650.800.500.550', 'A11.671.501.512.560.550'], ['A08.637.800.500.700', 'A08.675.542.512.560.700', 'A08.800.800.690.500.700', 'A10.755.503.700', 'A11.284.149.165.760', 'A11.650.800.500.700', 'A11.671.501.512.560.700', 'A11.671.514.553.640'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['A08.186.854'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.670', 'E01.370.225.750.600.670', 'E05.200.500.620.670', 'E05.200.750.600.670']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Bioinformatics Analysis of Stromal Molecular Signatures Associated with Breast and Prostate Cancer.
|
This study aimed to identify stromal molecular signatures associated with breast and prostate cancer. The microarray data GSE26910 was downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus database, including six invasive breast tumor stroma, six matched normal controls, six invasive prostate tumor stroma, and six matched controls. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in invasive breast and prostate tumors stroma were, respectively, identified. Then common stromal genes (B_P.DEGs) were further screened. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed and Gene Ontology analysis was performed. Besides, gene-chemical interactions were mapped in Comparative Toxicogenomics Database to screen the chemicals related to feature genes. The results showed that, in total, 16 B_P.DEGs were identified. Thereinto, only seven B_P.DEGs were mapped into PPI, and only four functional modules (adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide 1 (pituitary) receptor type I (ADCYAP1R1) module, aspartoacylase (ASPA) module, glutathione S-transferase mu 5 (GSTM5) module, and periplakin (PPL) module) were involved in important biological processes associated with cancer progression. In addition, the chemicals, such as dihydrotestosterone, apocarotenal, testosterone, and progesterone, were screened for the roles of feature genes in the progression of breast and prostate cancer. In conclusion, ADCYAP1R1, GSTM5, and PPL were stromal molecular signatures and might play a key role in the progression of breast and prostate cancer.
|
['Biomarkers, Tumor', 'Breast Neoplasms', 'Female', 'Gene Expression Profiling', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic', 'Gene Ontology', 'Gene Regulatory Networks', 'Genomics', 'Glutathione Transferase', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Neoplasm Invasiveness', 'Plakins', 'Prostatic Neoplasms', 'Protein Interaction Maps', 'Receptors, Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide, Type I']
| 31,180,245
|
[['D23.101.140'], ['C04.588.180', 'C17.800.090.500'], ['E05.393.332'], ['G05.308.370'], ['H01.158.273.343.249.099', 'H01.770.644.145.350.124', 'L01.224.050.375.480.500.500', 'L01.313.500.750.300.550.500.500', 'L01.453.245.945.079.500'], ['G05.360.080.689.360'], ['H01.158.273.180.350', 'H01.158.273.343.350'], ['D08.811.913.225.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.697.645', 'C23.550.727.645'], ['D12.776.220.790'], ['C04.588.945.440.770', 'C12.294.260.750', 'C12.294.565.625', 'C12.758.409.750'], ['G03.493.750'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.665.500']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Separate pathways for p53 induction by ionizing radiation and N-(phosphonoacetyl)-L-aspartate.
|
The tumor suppressor gene product, p53, appears to be a significant participant in signaling pathways that mediate cellular responses to cytotoxic stresses. In particular, p53 appears to be a critical determinant of whether the cell lives or dies and how it progresses through the cell cycle after the cytotoxic exposure. Many of the molecular details for these signaling pathways remain to be elucidated, and whether all cytotoxic signals utilize the same pathway to increase p53 expression is not clear. Here, we demonstrate the existence of cell types in which the induction of p53 and associated G1 arrest by the antimetabolite, N-(phosphonoacetyl)-L-aspartate (PALA), is defective, whereas p53 induction and G1 arrest induced by ionizing radiation are intact. These observations demonstrate the existence of genetic defects that can alter p53 induction and associated cellular outcomes after some, but not all, cytotoxic insults and suggest distinct pathways of p53 induction by PALA and ionizing radiation.
|
['Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic', 'Aspartic Acid', 'Base Sequence', 'Cell Cycle', 'Cell Line', 'DNA Damage', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Genes, p53', 'Humans', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Phosphonoacetic Acid', 'Tumor Suppressor Protein p53']
| 8,706,003
|
[['D27.505.519.186.144', 'D27.505.954.248.144', 'D27.888.569.042.030'], ['D12.125.067.500', 'D12.125.119.170', 'D12.125.427.040'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['G04.144'], ['A11.251.210'], ['G05.200'], ['G05.308'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.375.249.385', 'G05.360.340.024.340.415.400.385'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['D02.241.081.018.677', 'D02.705.429.875'], ['D12.776.157.687.650', 'D12.776.260.820', 'D12.776.624.776.775', 'D12.776.660.720.650', 'D12.776.744.845']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Safety of 9.3-GHz microwave radiant heating for possible caloric supplement and medical treatment.
|
The hematological and blood-chemistry effects of chronic microwave radiation on unrestrained rhesus monkeys trained to expose their face and eyes to 9.3GHz microwave radiation at an average incident power density of 150 or 300mW/cm2 are reported. Only inconsistent transient effects were found. The lack of significant hematological effects, together with the lack of ocular or behavioral changes reported earlier, support the idea that microwave frequencies in the range of 10GHz may be safe to use for caloric supplement of hypothermic individuals and medical patients.
|
['Animals', 'Blood', 'Heating', 'Macaca mulatta', 'Microwaves']
| 3,847,503
|
[['B01.050'], ['A12.207.152', 'A15.145'], ['N06.230.150.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.199.120.510.550'], ['G01.358.500.505.810.500', 'G01.750.250.810.500', 'G01.750.770.721.500']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Indolent T-lymphoblastic proliferation: report of a case with an 11-year history and association with myasthenia gravis.
|
T-lymphoblastic lymphoma is a high-grade malignant lymphoma with frequent occurrence in young males, mediastinal involvement, and systemic dissemination. Indolent T-lymphoblastic proliferations have rarely been recognized. In the present case, we report on an indolent T-lymphoblastic proliferation involving the oropharynx in a patient with myasthenia gravis with multiple local recurrences over an 11-year period without evidence of systemic dissemination. The T-lymphoblasts were consistently positive for terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT), CD1, CD3, CD4, and CD8, corresponding to an intermediate thymocyte stage of differentiation. No cytokeratin-positive thymic epithelial cells were identified, ruling out an ectopic thymus or thymoma. T-receptor gene rearrangement studies by Southern blot revealed no monoclonal CT-beta rearrangement. Indolent T-lymphoblastic proliferations of undetermined clonality may rarely occur; predilection for involvement of oropharynx and possible association with myasthenia gravis are suggested.
|
['Adult', 'Antigens, CD', 'Antigens, Neoplasm', 'DNA Nucleotidylexotransferase', 'DNA, Neoplasm', 'Humans', 'Immunoenzyme Techniques', 'Immunophenotyping', 'Lymph Nodes', 'Male', 'Myasthenia Gravis', 'Oropharynx', 'Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma']
| 11,224,614
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D23.050.301.264.035', 'D23.101.100.110'], ['D23.050.285'], ['D08.811.913.696.445.308.325'], ['D13.444.308.425'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.478.566.350', 'E05.478.583.400', 'E05.601.470.350'], ['E01.370.225.812.447', 'E05.200.812.447', 'E05.478.594.450'], ['A10.549.400', 'A15.382.520.604.412'], ['C04.588.614.550.500', 'C04.730.856.490', 'C10.114.656', 'C10.574.781.588', 'C10.668.758.725', 'C20.111.258.500'], ['A04.623.603', 'A14.724.603'], ['C04.557.337.428.600', 'C15.604.515.560.600', 'C20.683.515.528.600']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
A comparison of four tests for assessing the pain sensitivity of different subjects and test areas.
|
Four different testing methods were used to estimate the sensitivity of body surfaces to pain-causing stimuli for a group of 24 healthy male subjects. These methods were (a) determination of the heat pain threshold, (b) determination of the pain threshold for pinching of a skin fold, (c) discrimination of a sharp prick from a blunt contact, and (d) estimation of the pain caused by application of an ice-cold cylinder. Three different body regions were tested: the abdomen, the anterior surface of the neck and the lateral surface of the thigh. Of the three body regions, the thigh area required the strongest stimulation for pain in all 4 tests. The neck was the most sensitive for cold pain, and the abdomen had the lowest threshold for heat pain. There was a barely statistically significant tendency for subjects relatively sensitive on one test to be also relatively sensitive on other tests. Correlation coefficients between any two tests on the same subject were always less than 0.6. Possible reasons for the relative lack of agreement among the results of the different pain tests are discussed.
|
['Abdomen', 'Cold Temperature', 'Hot Temperature', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Neck', 'Nociceptors', 'Pain', 'Physical Stimulation', 'Skin', 'Stress, Mechanical', 'Thigh']
| 909,713
|
[['A01.923.047'], ['G01.906.595.272', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710.300', 'G16.500.750.775.710.300', 'N06.230.300.100.725.154', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710.300'], ['G01.906.595.543', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710.380', 'G16.500.750.775.710.380', 'N06.230.300.100.725.232', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A01.598'], ['A08.675.650.915.875', 'A08.800.950.875', 'A11.671.650.915.875'], ['C23.888.592.612', 'F02.830.816.444', 'G11.561.790.444'], ['E05.723'], ['A17.815'], ['G01.374.835'], ['A01.378.610.750']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Lesional infiltration of receptor activator of nuclear factor-êB ligand⁺ cells in experimental autoimmune neuritis rats.
|
Experimental autoimmune neuritis (EAN) is a T cell-mediated autoimmune demyelinating inflammatory disease of the peripheral nervous system. Receptor activator of NF-êB ligand (RANKL), a member of the tumor necrosis factor family, regulates proliferation of mature T cells. Here, we have studied the expression of RANKL in sciatic nerves of EAN rats. EAN was induced in male Lewis rats. The spatiotemporal expression of RANKL in sciatic nerves of EAN rats was investigated using immunohistochemistry. In sciatic nerves of normal rats RANKL(+) cells were rarely seen. EAN induced a significant accumulation of RANKL(+) cells in sciatic nerves and there was a significant positive correlation of the time course of RANKL(+) cell accumulations with neurological scores of EAN rats. The major cellular resources of RANKL in sciatic nerves were T cells and macrophages. The positive association of RANKL(+) cell accumulations with neurological scores of EAN rats together with the known functions of RANKL indicated that RANKL might play a role in pathologic development of EAN and need further investigation.
|
['Analysis of Variance', 'Animals', 'Antigens, CD', 'B-Lymphocytes', 'Cell Count', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental', "Freund's Adjuvant", 'Macrophages', 'Male', 'Microglia', 'Neutrophil Infiltration', 'Oligopeptides', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Lew', 'Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-kappa B', 'Sciatic Nerve', 'Statistics, Nonparametric', 'T-Lymphocytes', 'Time Factors']
| 22,810,119
|
[['E05.318.740.150', 'N05.715.360.750.125', 'N06.850.520.830.150'], ['B01.050'], ['D23.050.301.264.035', 'D23.101.100.110'], ['A11.063.438', 'A11.118.637.555.567.562', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.562', 'A15.382.032.438', 'A15.382.490.555.567.562'], ['E01.370.225.500.195', 'E05.200.500.195', 'E05.242.195', 'G04.140'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['C10.114.703.300', 'C10.228.140.695.562.250', 'C10.314.350.250', 'C20.111.258.625.300', 'E05.598.500.500.500'], ['D20.475'], ['A11.329.372', 'A11.627.482', 'A11.733.397', 'A15.382.670.522', 'A15.382.680.397'], ['A08.637.400', 'A11.650.400'], ['G12.632'], ['D12.644.456'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760.280', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400.280'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.852.760.345'], ['A08.800.800.720.450.760'], ['E05.318.740.995', 'N05.715.360.750.760', 'N06.850.520.830.995'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.569', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Cost-effectiveness analysis of different rescue therapies in patients with lamivudine-resistant chronic hepatitis B in China.
|
BACKGROUND: Several rescue therapies have been used in patients with lamivudine (LAM)-resistant chronic hepatitis B (CHB); however, the economic outcome of these therapies is unclear. The object of the current analysis was to evaluate the lifetime cost-effectiveness of rescue therapies among patients with LAM-resistant CHB.METHODS: A Markov model was developed to simulate the clinical course of patients with LAM-resistant CHB. From the perspective of Chinese health care, a lifetime cost-utility analysis was performedfor 4 rescue strategies: adefovir (ADV), entecavir (ETV) or tenofovir (TDF) monotherapy and combination therapy using LAM and ADV. A hypothetical cohort of 45-year-old patients with genotypic or clinical LAM-resistant CHB entered the model, and the beginning health state was LAM-resistant CHB without other complications. The transition probabilities, efficacy and resistance data for each rescue therapy as well as the costs and utility data were estimated from the literature. The discount rate (3%) utilized for costs and benefits. Sensitivity analyses were used to explore the impact of uncertainty on the results.RESULTS: In LAM-resistant HBeAg-positive and HBeAg-negative CHB cohorts, TDF monotherapy and combination therapy were on the efficiency frontier for both positive and negative populations. Compared with no treatment, the use of combination therapy cost an additional $6,531.7 to gain 1 additional quality-adjusted life year (QALY) for HBeAg-positive patients and $4,571.7 to gain 1 additional QALY for HBeAg-negative patients. TDF monotherapy for HBeAg-positive patients, shows greater increase in QALYs but higher incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) in comparison with combination therapy. In probabilistic sensitivity analyses, combination therapy was the preferred option for health care systems with limited health resources, such as Chinese health care system.CONCLUSION: In Chinese patients with LAM-resistant CHB, combination therapy is a more cost-effective option than the competing rescue therapies.
|
['Adult', 'Antiviral Agents', 'China', 'Cohort Studies', 'Cost-Benefit Analysis', 'Drug Resistance, Viral', 'Drug Therapy, Combination', 'Emergency Treatment', 'Female', 'Hepatitis B e Antigens', 'Hepatitis B virus', 'Hepatitis B, Chronic', 'Humans', 'Lamivudine', 'Male', 'Markov Chains', 'Organophosphonates', 'Patient Simulation', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Quality-Adjusted Life Years', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Viral Load']
| 23,137,013
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D27.505.954.122.388'], ['Z01.252.474.164'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['N03.219.151.125'], ['G06.225.420', 'G06.920.225', 'G07.690.773.984.269.420'], ['E02.319.310'], ['E02.365'], ['D23.050.327.495.500.469'], ['B04.280.375.650.425', 'B04.450.390.650.425'], ['C01.221.250.500.100', 'C01.925.256.430.400.100', 'C01.925.440.435.100', 'C06.552.380.350.100', 'C06.552.380.705.437.100'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D03.383.742.680.245.500.950.500', 'D13.570.230.329.950.500', 'D13.570.230.500.925.500', 'D13.570.685.245.500.950.500'], ['E05.318.740.600.500', 'E05.318.740.996.500', 'G17.830.500', 'N05.715.360.750.625.500', 'N05.715.360.750.770.500', 'N06.850.520.830.600.500', 'N06.850.520.830.996.500'], ['D02.705.429'], ['I02.903.847.500'], ['E05.318.370.800.650', 'N05.715.360.325.700.640', 'N06.850.520.445.800.650'], ['E05.318.740.100.500.700', 'N01.224.935.530.700'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['E01.370.225.875.950', 'E05.200.875.950', 'G06.920.850']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Synthesis and analysis of a fluorinated product analogue as an inhibitor for 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate reductoisomerase.
|
1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate (DXP) reductoisomerase (DXR) is an NADPH-dependent enzyme catalyzing the rearrangement and reduction of DXP to methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate (MEP). Two mechanisms for this enzymatic reaction have been proposed, involving either an alpha-ketol rearrangement or a retroaldol/aldol rearrangement. In this study, a fluorinated product analogue, FCH(2)-MEP, was synthesized as a possible mechanism-based inactivator for DXR if the retroaldol/aldol mechanism is operative. FCH(2)-MEP was found to be a weak competitive inhibitor, and thus was unable to discriminate between the mechanisms. This result is due to the inability of the targeted enzyme, DXR, to oxidize FCH(2)-MEP to the aldehyde intermediate that is common to both mechanisms. While FCH(2)-MEP failed to act as a mechanism-based inactivator, the insight gained from this study will assist in the future design of inhibitors of DXR.
|
['Aldose-Ketose Isomerases', 'Enzyme Inhibitors', 'Erythritol', 'Molecular Structure', 'Multienzyme Complexes', 'Oxidation-Reduction', 'Oxidoreductases']
| 18,078,746
|
[['D08.811.399.475.200'], ['D27.505.519.389'], ['D02.033.800.329', 'D09.853.329'], ['G02.111.570', 'G02.466'], ['D05.500.562', 'D08.811.600'], ['G02.700', 'G03.295.531'], ['D08.811.682']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Fast activated charcoal prepurification of Fusarium solani â-glucosidase for an efficient oleuropein bioconversion.
|
Fungal â-glucosidases were extensively studied regarding their various potential biotechnology applications. Here, we report the selection of Fusarium solani strain producing high yield of â-glucosidase activity. The effect of some factors on â-glucosidase production was studied including: Initial pH, medium composition, concentration of carbon and nitrogen sources, and particle size of raw substrates. The optimal enzyme production was obtained with 4 units of pH. The highest â-glucosidase activity was produced on 4% wheat bran (WB) as raw carbon sources, reaching 5 U/mL. A positive correlation between WB particle size and the â-glucosidase production level was settled. The last one was enhanced to 13.60 U/mL in the presence of 0.5% (w/v) of ammonium sulfate. Interestingly, the activated charcoal was used as an inexpensive reagent enabling a rapid and efficient purification prior step that improved the enzyme-specific activity. Eventually, F. solani â-glucosidase acts efficiently during the bioconversion process of oleuropein. Indeed, 82.5% of oleuropein was deglycosylated after 1 hr at 40°C. Altogether, our data showed that the â-glucosidase of F. solani has a potential application to convert oleuropein to ameliorate food quality.
|
['Charcoal', 'Culture Media', 'Fusarium', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Iridoids', 'beta-Glucosidase']
| 27,340,756
|
[['D01.268.150.150'], ['D27.720.470.305', 'E07.206'], ['B01.300.381.366'], ['G02.300'], ['D02.455.426.392.368.450.675.500', 'D02.455.849.575.188.500', 'D03.383.663.491'], ['D08.811.277.450.420.200.100']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Oxacillin-susceptible methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (OS-MRSA), a hidden resistant mechanism among clinically significant isolates in the Wessex region/UK.
|
PURPOSE: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is defined as S. aureus genetically having the mecA or mecC genes or phenotypically showing minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of oxacillin higher than 2 mg/L. However, recently, cefoxitin/oxacillin-susceptible mecA-positive S. aureus (OS-MRSA) has been reported worldwide. Little is known about the prevalence and virulence of these strains among clinically significant isolates in the UK. The aims were to (1) investigate the prevalence of OS-MRSA in seven major hospitals in the Wessex region/UK from a cohort of 500 clinically significant phenotypically identified MSSA isolates, (2) genetically characterise OS-MRSA strains by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and compare these to common UK epidemic strains; and (3) to determine Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL; lukFS) gene carriage rates among these isolates.RESULTS: OS-MRSA was found in six isolates (1.2 %) of phenotypically identified and reported MSSA isolates by conventional methods. PFGE showed OS-MRSA strains to be genetically diverse and distinct from the common UK epidemic strains EMRSA-15 and EMRSA-16. None of these OS-MRSA stains carried the genes encoding PVL; however, overall positivity rate for PVL was 4.4 %, much higher than the nationally reported rates of 2 % in the UK.CONCLUSION: There are still many unknowns regarding phenotypic and/or genetic characterization of the emerging OS-MRSA isolates in the UK and worldwide. Data regarding their epidemiology and optimal therapy for infection are limited and need further investigation not only in the UK, but also worldwide, as it is likely to have an impact on the empirical treatment of S. aureus infections.
|
['Anti-Bacterial Agents', 'Bacterial Proteins', 'Bacterial Toxins', 'Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial', 'Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field', 'England', 'Exotoxins', 'Humans', 'Leukocidins', 'Methicillin', 'Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus', 'Oxacillin', 'Penicillin-Binding Proteins', 'Prevalence', 'Staphylococcal Infections']
| 24,919,530
|
[['D27.505.954.122.085'], ['D12.776.097'], ['D23.946.123'], ['G06.099.225.812', 'G06.225.347.812', 'G07.690.773.984.269.347.812', 'G07.690.773.984.300.500'], ['E05.196.401.220', 'E05.301.300.220'], ['Z01.542.363.300'], ['D23.946.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.543.695.750'], ['D02.065.589.099.750.500', 'D02.886.108.750.500', 'D03.633.100.300.750.500'], ['B03.300.390.400.800.750.100.500', 'B03.353.500.750.750.100.500', 'B03.510.100.750.750.100.500', 'B03.510.400.790.750.100.500'], ['D02.065.589.099.750.625', 'D02.886.108.750.625', 'D03.633.100.300.750.625'], ['D08.811.710', 'D12.776.097.545'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['C01.150.252.410.868']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Sericin improves heart and liver mitochondrial architecture in hypercholesterolaemic rats and maintains pancreatic and adrenal cell biosynthesis.
|
Hypercholesterolaemia is well known to be associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, subsequently leading to multiple organ failure. Similar to other natural products, sericin is a candidate for adjunctive therapy in hyperlipidaemic conditions. However, the cholesterol-lowering mechanisms of sericin are multifactorial and controversial. Here, a high-cholesterol-fed rat model with or without sericin treatment was established using a dosage of 1000mg/kg/day for 30 days. Blood lipid profiles, oxidative stress markers (superoxide dismutase, SOD; malondialdehyde, MDA; nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor, Nrf-2), dysmorphic mitochondria in relation to fission (dynamin-related protein-1; Drp-1) and fusion (guanosine triphosphatase mutated in dominant optic atrophy; OPA-1) markers and biosynthetic markers (aquaporin, AQP-1; tubulin-4â, Tb4B) in the pancreas and adrenal gland were evaluated. The results showed that sericin reduced blood cholesterol and increased high-density lipoprotein (HDL) by acting against oxidative stress. Hypocholesterolaemic and antioxidant conditions further preserved heart and liver mitochondrial architecture; however, this protection was not exhibited in the kidney, where a high level of renal mitophagy, indicating by LC-3 up-regulation, was presented. The steps of ultrastructural alteration of mitochondria from degenerative changes to necrosis were also demonstrated. Sericin also conserved AQP-1 and Tb4B levels in the exocrine pancreatic acinar cells and zona glomerulosa cells, which were positively correlated with serum lipase, HDL, antioxidative markers and mitochondrial integrity. The present study revealed that sericin not only has antioxidant capacity but also balances pancreatic and adrenal cell biosynthesis, especially lipase activity, which may have played an important role in improving lipid dysregulation in the hypercholesterolaemic rat model, leading to the reduction of dysmorphic mitochondria, particularly in the heart and liver.
|
['Animals', 'Antioxidants', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Cholesterol', 'Heart', 'Hypercholesterolemia', 'Liver', 'Mitochondria', 'Oxidative Stress', 'Pancreas', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Sericins', 'Triglycerides', 'Up-Regulation']
| 28,684,113
|
[['B01.050'], ['D27.505.519.217', 'D27.505.696.706.125', 'D27.720.799.047'], ['A11.251'], ['D04.210.500.247.222.284', 'D04.210.500.247.808.197', 'D10.570.938.208'], ['A07.541'], ['C18.452.584.500.500.396'], ['A03.620'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.564', 'A11.284.835.626'], ['G03.673', 'G07.775.750'], ['A03.734'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['D05.750.078.875.750', 'D12.776.093.750.750'], ['D10.351.801'], ['G02.111.905', 'G05.308.850', 'G07.690.773.998']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Primary signet-ring cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder.
|
Sixty-one cases of adenocarcinoma of the urinary bladder presenting between 1966 and 1981 were reviewed. Among the only seven cases of primary adenocarcinoma of the urinary bladder, three were classified as primary signet-ring cell carcinoma. These 3 cases were reviewed with the 11 previously reported cases in the literature. Primary signet-ring cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder occurs predominantly in men (12 men, 2 women) with age ranging from 38 to 83 years. It usually runs a rapidly fatal course despite therapy. The characteristic clinical, gross, and histomorphologic findings and pathogenesis of this rare bladder malignancy are discussed.
|
['Adenocarcinoma', 'Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Diagnosis, Differential', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Urinary Bladder Neoplasms']
| 6,322,967
|
[['C04.557.470.200.025'], ['C04.557.470.200.025.075', 'C04.557.470.590.075'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E01.171'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04.588.945.947.960', 'C12.758.820.968', 'C12.777.829.813', 'C13.351.937.820.945', 'C13.351.968.829.707']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Virulence factors of uropathogenic Escherichia coli of urinary tract infections and asymptomatic bacteriuria in children.
|
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: The clinical aspects of virulence genes of uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) are not fully understood. This study compared the presence of virulence genes in UPEC isolated from urinary tract infections (UTIs) and asymptomatic bacteriuria (ABU) in children.METHODS: The study included children with UTI (n = 15) or ABU (n = 49) treated at Chung-Ang University Yongsan Hospital between 2010 and 2011. The strains were acquired from each urine sample collected, and 18 major virulence genes were detected by polymerase chain reaction. Antimicrobial susceptibility of all UPEC isolates was determined.RESULTS: Sixty-four E. coli strains were isolated from the urine samples. The most commonly identified virulence gene in both groups was fimH (100.0% in the UTI group and 95.9% in the ABU group). The UTI isolates showed a higher prevalence of papEF and fyuA, and a lower prevalence of feoB than ABU isolates (p < 0.01 for all). The profile of virulence gene, fimH(+)kpsMTII(+)feoB(+) also showed a significant difference between the two groups (p < 0.01). Isolates from ABU were more resistant to most antimicrobials tested. The presence of papEF, feoB, and fyuA also correlated with the antimicrobial susceptibility of UPEC.CONCLUSION: The virulence gene repertoire was different in the UPEC of UTI and ABU. The papEF, feoB, and fyuA genes showed meaningful differences between the two groups and may have an important role in the pathogenesis of overt UTI.
|
['Bacteriuria', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'DNA, Bacterial', 'Escherichia coli Infections', 'Escherichia coli Proteins', 'Female', 'Hospitals', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Male', 'Microbial Sensitivity Tests', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Republic of Korea', 'Urinary Tract Infections', 'Uropathogenic Escherichia coli', 'Virulence Factors']
| 24,064,288
|
[['C01.915.219', 'C12.777.892.219', 'C13.351.968.892.219'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['D13.444.308.212'], ['C01.150.252.400.310.330'], ['D12.776.097.275'], ['N02.278.421'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['E01.370.225.875.595', 'E05.200.875.595', 'E05.337.550.400'], ['E05.393.620.500'], ['Z01.252.474.557.750'], ['C01.915', 'C12.777.892', 'C13.351.968.892'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300.580.500', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100.580.500'], ['D23.946.896']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Influence of certain clinical variables on black preschoolers' nonstandard phonological and grammatical performance.
|
The influence of socioeconomic background, sex, and clinicians' race on the frequency of implementation of nonstandard phonological and grammatical structures was examined in 72 black preschoolers. In order to generalize findings to typical clinical settings, language samples were elicited by 3 black and 3 white clinicians using spontaneous, paragraph completion, and sentence repetition procedures. Results showed that socioeconomic status and sex had a strong effect on black children's usage of nonstandard phonological and grammatical forms. More striking, data suggested that the beginnings of a bidialectal capability were identifiable in the clinical setting in four- and five-year-old black children. Discriminant analysis detailed those nonstandard phonological and grammatical forms which contributed to dialect differences between lower and middle-socioeconomic black children.
|
['African Americans', 'Child, Preschool', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Language Disorders', 'Male', 'Phonetics', 'Sex Factors', 'Socioeconomic Factors', 'Verbal Behavior', 'Verbal Learning']
| 802,978
|
[['M01.686.508.100.100', 'M01.686.754.100'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C10.597.606.150.500', 'C23.888.592.604.150.500'], ['L01.559.598.518'], ['N05.715.350.675', 'N06.850.490.875'], ['I01.880.853.996', 'N01.824'], ['F01.145.209.908'], ['F02.463.425.952']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Characterization of the hydrogen peroxide-enzyme reaction for two cytochrome c peroxidase mutants.
|
The bimolecular reaction between Escherichia coli-produced cytochrome-c peroxidase (CcP(MI)) and hydrogen peroxide is identical to that of native yeast cytochrome-c peroxidase (CcP) and hydrogen peroxide in the neutral pH region. Both enzymes have pH-independent bimolecular rate constants of 46 microM-1.s-1 for the reaction with hydrogen peroxide. A second mutant enzyme, E. coli-produced cytochrome-c peroxidase mutant with phenylalanine at position 191 (CcP(MI, F191)), has a pH-independent bimolecular rate constant for the hydrogen peroxide reaction of 65 microM-1.s-1, 40% larger than for CcP or CcP(MI). The initial peroxide-oxidation product of CcP(MI, F191) is an oxyferryl porphyrin pi-cation radical intermediate in contrast to the oxyferryl amino-acid radical intermediate formed upon oxidation of CcP or CcP(MI) with hydrogen peroxide. The reactions of all three enzymes with hydrogen peroxide are pH-dependent in KNO3-containing buffers. The reactions are influenced by an ionizable group, which has an apparent pKa of 5.4 in all three enzymes. The enzymes react with hydrogen peroxide when the ionizable group is unprotonated. Both CcP(MI) and CcP(MI, F191) have slightly smaller pH stability regions compared to CcP as assessed by the hydrogen peroxide titer and spectral analysis. The alteration in structural stability must be attributed to differences in the primary sequence between CcP and CcP(MI) which occur at positions -2, -1, 53 and 152.
|
['Cytochrome-c Peroxidase', 'Escherichia coli', 'Free Radicals', 'Hydrogen Peroxide', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Kinetics', 'Mutation', 'Peroxidases', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae', 'Spectrum Analysis', 'Structure-Activity Relationship']
| 2,156,573
|
[['D08.811.682.732.380'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['D01.339', 'D02.389'], ['D01.248.497.158.685.750.424', 'D01.339.431.374.424', 'D01.650.550.750.400', 'D02.389.338.253'], ['G02.300'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['G05.365.590'], ['D08.811.682.732'], ['B01.300.107.795.785.800', 'B01.300.930.705.655'], ['E05.196.867'], ['G02.111.830', 'G07.690.773.997']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[The hypophysis and haemoblastoses].
|
In necropsies of 165 patients with malignant haemoblastoses, infiltrates in the pituitary were found in 38 cases (23%). The most frequent occurrence was found in lymphoblastic leucosis (33.3%) and in non-Hodgkin lymphomas (29%). Hypophyseal manifestations were found in 21% for myoblastic leucosis and in 5.5% in case of Hodgkin lymphomas. As regards the location, the capsula showed an affection of 55.2%, the anterior and posterior lobes together one of 21.1%, the neurohypophysis one of 15.8% and the anterior lobe one of 7.9%. There are different opinions with regard to the development: exclusively metastatic processes or local formation of the infiltrates. The latter opinion is favoured by the frequent detection of cells of exemplary haemopoiesis between the Dorsum sellae and the outer layer of the hypophyseal capsule (Stratum periostale) in patients without haemoblastosis as well as by the fact that in half of the patients the clinical picture of meningosis leucotica only developed in the stage of haematological full remission, that is, when there were no longer any blastomatous cells in the blood.
|
['Hodgkin Disease', 'Humans', 'Leukemia, Lymphoid', 'Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute', 'Lymphoma', 'Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse', 'Pituitary Gland', 'Pituitary Neoplasms']
| 384,729
|
[]
|
[]
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Effect of FK 506 and lipo prostaglandin E1 on heart allograft survival in rats.
|
FK 506 (FK) has a strong immunosuppressive effect, but a low-grade, dose-dependent nephrotoxicity and diabetogenicity, which means that reducing the dose of FK is of considerable interest. Lipo-prostaglandin E1 (LPGE1) is a preparation of PGE1 that has potent immunosuppressive properties, and its duration of action is longer than that of ordinary PGE1. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether LPGE1 can enhance the immunosuppressive effect of FK. Heterotopic cardiac transplantations to the neck vessels were performed, and recipient rats were treated with intramuscular injections of FK and LPGE1 once daily for 10 days. All grafts without any treatment were rejected within 14 days. In comparison, the FK doses of 0.07, 0.2 and 1.0 mg/kg/day for 10 days significantly increased the long-term graft survival (>100 days) to 8%, 44% and 100%, respectively. The addition of LPGE1 to the first two dosages caused a further significant increase in the graft survival, to 18% and 80%, respectively, when compared with the control. LPGE1 appears to enhance the immunosuppressive effect of FK.
|
['Alprostadil', 'Animals', 'Delayed-Action Preparations', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Drug Therapy, Combination', 'Female', 'Graft Rejection', 'Graft Survival', 'Heart Transplantation', 'Immunosuppressive Agents', 'Injections, Intramuscular', 'Male', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Strains', 'Tacrolimus', 'Transplantation, Homologous', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 10,622,549
|
[['D10.251.355.255.550.250.100', 'D10.251.355.325.050', 'D23.469.050.175.725.250.100'], ['B01.050'], ['D26.255.210', 'E02.319.300.253'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['E02.319.310'], ['G12.875.545.328'], ['G12.875.545.340'], ['E04.100.376.475', 'E04.928.220.390', 'E04.936.450.475'], ['D27.505.696.477.656'], ['E02.319.267.530.460'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400'], ['D02.540.505.810'], ['E04.936.864'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Laparoscopic wedge resection of gastric leiomyoma.
|
Gastric leiomyoma is a relatively rare gastric neoplasm. Before the routine use of laparoscopy, various methods of treatment for gastric leiomyoma included open celiotomy with gastric wedge resection, partial gastrectomy, enucleation, and extended gastrectomy with en bloc resection of adjacent organs. Below, we describe a case of laparoscopic wedge resection and review the various laparoscopic techniques for the treatment of gastric leiomyoma.
|
['Female', 'Gastrectomy', 'Humans', 'Laparoscopy', 'Leiomyoma', 'Middle Aged', 'Stomach Neoplasms', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 14,974,670
|
[['E04.210.419'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.388.250.520', 'E04.502.250.520'], ['C04.557.450.590.450'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04.588.274.476.767', 'C06.301.371.767', 'C06.405.249.767', 'C06.405.748.789'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Endometrial aspiration studies on Isaacs cell sampler with cytohistologic correlation.
|
Endometrial aspiration material obtained with the Isaacs cell sampler from 220 patients was studied and correlated with tissue biopsy from 172 of these patients. Of 52 endometrial carcinomas, there were two false-negative readings. In addition, five cases thought to be malignancies by cytologic criteria were not confirmed by histology. Therefore, the endometrial cell sampler showed a specificity of 96.85%, sensitivity of 96.15% and predictive value of 90.90%. Only nine cases of unsatisfactory cellular samples were obtained as compared to 13 cases of insufficient material by dilatation and curettage.
|
['Adenocarcinoma', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Biopsy, Needle', 'Cytodiagnosis', 'Diagnosis, Differential', 'Endometrial Hyperplasia', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Middle Aged', 'Uterine Neoplasms']
| 294,773
|
[]
|
[]
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Unique case of gyrate atrophy with a well-preserved electroretinogram (ERG).
|
Gyrate atrophy is a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by a mutation in the ornithine-ä-amino transferase gene. We present an interesting case of a 33-year-old woman who presented with increasing myopia, nyctalopia and failing vision. Examination revealed posterior subscapsular cataracts, narrowed peripheral visual fields and scalloped atrophic peripheral chorioretinal lesions. Blood investigations showed a raised plasma ornithine level at 917 ìmol/L (normal range: 32-88 ìmol/L) confirming the diagnosis of gyrate atrophy. The patient, despite not tolerating dietary treatment, had retained central vision over a follow-up period of 18 years. The electroretinogram, which normally diminishes with disease progression, was still nearly normal when last tested at 16 years follow-up. Genetic testing did not reveal any novel mutation that could account for this variation.
|
['Adult', 'Cataract', 'Cataract Extraction', 'Diet, Protein-Restricted', 'Disease Progression', 'Electroretinography', 'Female', 'Gyrate Atrophy', 'Humans', 'Lens Implantation, Intraocular', 'Ornithine', 'Pyridoxine', 'Retinal Degeneration', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Visual Fields', 'Vitamins']
| 29,437,727
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['C11.510.245'], ['E04.540.825.249'], ['E02.642.249.280', 'G07.203.650.240.280'], ['C23.550.291.656'], ['E01.370.380.225', 'E01.370.405.270'], ['C11.270.468', 'C11.941.160.578', 'C16.320.290.468'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E04.540.825.600'], ['D12.125.068.665', 'D12.125.095.765'], ['D03.383.725.676.925.875'], ['C11.270.612', 'C11.768.585'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['F02.463.593.932.934', 'G14.950'], ['D27.505.696.494.600', 'G07.203.300.681.500.600', 'J02.500.681.500.600']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Clinical economics and sleep disorders.
|
Sleep disorders have been shown to have substantial psychosocial sequelae with large economic impact. Numerous studies have examined the psychosocial aspects of sleep disorders; however, there has been little published on the associated economic implications. With increasing pressure to contain health care expenditures and provide value for the dollar, clinical economics is playing an important role in the decision-making process about alternative strategies within health care organizations. There are several strategies one may pursue to examine the economics of medical interventions. The predominant strategies include: cost identification, cost effectiveness, cost utility, and cost benefit. This review provides a basis for performing clinical economic evaluations in sleep disorders.
|
['Costs and Cost Analysis', 'Health Care Costs', 'Humans', 'Quality of Life', 'Sleep Wake Disorders']
| 9,415,941
|
[['N03.219.151'], ['N03.219.151.400', 'N05.300.375'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['I01.800', 'K01.752.400.750', 'N06.850.505.400.425.837'], ['C10.886', 'C23.888.592.796', 'F03.870']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Spectral analysis highlight developmental EEG changes in preterm infants without overt brain damage.
|
Early markers of neurological outcome in the absence of overt brain damage are scarce in extreme prematurity. The aim of this study was to compare spectral EEG values of infants born near term with those of infants born at extremely low gestational age (ELGA) but having attained near term age. We aimed also to evaluate whether spectral EEG features were related with neurological outcome. The ELGA group consisted of 12 neonates born between 23+2 and 27+6 weeks; the control group consisted of nine infants born 34-35+2 weeks, tested within the first week of life. All neonates underwent multichannel EEG recordings at 35 weeks post-conception. None of the subjects had apparent neurological abnormalities or risk factors at the time of recording. EEG data were transformed into the frequency domain and divided into delta (0.5-4Hz), theta (5-7Hz), alpha (8-13Hz), beta (14-20Hz) frequency bands; relative EEG power values were calculated. ELGA group was compared with the control group using a mixed analysis of variance. Outcome was evaluated at one year of age by Griffiths' scales. A principal effect of frequency and an interaction effect of frequency * group was found. The total relative power of the delta band was significantly higher in ELGA than in control group, whereas in the remaining frequency bands total relative power was lower in ELGA than in control group. Higher values of delta and lower values of alpha and beta spectral power correlated with poor outcome. We provide preliminary results suggesting that, as early as 35 weeks post conception, infants born extremely preterm fail to develop the age specific pattern of EEG spectral activity, in the absence of neurological neonatal risk.
|
['Brain', 'Brain Waves', 'Electroencephalography', 'Female', 'Gestational Age', 'Humans', 'Infant, Extremely Premature', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Male', 'Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted']
| 28,412,532
|
[['A08.186.211'], ['E01.370.376.300.150', 'E01.370.405.245.287', 'G07.265.087', 'G11.561.127'], ['E01.370.376.300', 'E01.370.405.245'], ['G07.345.500.325.235.968', 'G08.686.320'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703.520.520.500'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['L01.224.800']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Anti-arthritic potential of the plant Justicia gendarussa Burm F.
|
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the anti-arthritic potential of the plant Justicia gendarussa using two different rat models.MATERIALS AND METHOD: The anti-arthritic potential of the alcoholic extract of the plant Justicia gendarussa was evaluated using the Freund's adjuvant-induced and collagen-induced arthritic rat models. The rats were treated with the ethanolic extract of Justicia gendarussa and with standard aspirin.RESULTS: The ethanolic extract of Justicia gendarussa showed significant anti-arthritic activity that was statistically similar to that of aspirin. Our results suggest that the alcoholic extract of Justicia gendarussa exhibits significant anti-arthritic potential.
|
['Acanthaceae', 'Adjuvants, Immunologic', 'Animals', 'Arthritis, Experimental', 'Cattle', 'Collagen Type II', 'Drug Evaluation, Preclinical', "Freund's Adjuvant", 'Phytotherapy', 'Plant Extracts', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar']
| 19,488,595
|
[['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.583.040'], ['D27.505.696.477.067'], ['B01.050'], ['C05.550.114.015', 'E05.598.500.249'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['D05.750.078.280.300.200', 'D12.776.860.300.250.300.200'], ['E05.290.750', 'E05.337.550'], ['D20.475'], ['E02.190.755'], ['D20.215.784.500', 'D26.667'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
A geometrical model of speed skating the curves.
|
The centripetal force in speed skating the curves has to be delivered by the push off force which also does the external work to maintain the speed. Based on the geometry of the speed skating oval and the sideward push off characteristics in speed skating, a mathematical model of the power output in skating the curves was deduced. The power required to follow the curve is dependent on the mean speed in the curve, the work per stroke and the radius of the speed skating oval. Measurements (by means of film and video analysis) during the 5000 m races at the European Championships for ladies (n = 16) yielded on the one hand power from the geometrical model and on the other hand power losses due to air- and ice- friction. The difference between power delivered and power lost is used by the skaters to increase their speed. The difference between predicted power and measured power used to increase the kinetic energy of c.g. was only 3% thereby providing strong support for the validity of the model. The analysis suggested that skaters who want to accelerate in the curves should increase their work per stroke. The model can be a useful tool to provide insight into this form of human locomotion and its optimization under competitive conditions.
|
['Acceleration', 'Adult', 'Biomechanical Phenomena', 'Computer Simulation', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Mathematics', 'Microcomputers', 'Skating', 'Sports']
| 3,209,589
|
[['G01.482.107'], ['M01.060.116'], ['G01.154.090', 'G01.374.089'], ['L01.224.160'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['H01.548'], ['L01.224.230.260.550'], ['I03.450.642.845.700'], ['I03.450.642.845']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Simultaneous enzymatic and SERS properties of bifunctional chitosan-modified popcorn-like Au-Ag nanoparticles for high sensitive detection of melamine in milk powder.
|
In this work, we suggest a chitosan-modified popcorn-like Au-Ag nanoparticles (CSPNPs) based assay for high sensitive detection of melamine, in which CSPNPs not only provide with an intrinsic peroxidase-like activity but also act as surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates. CSPNPs can catalyze the oxidation of 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) by H2O2 to the charge transfer complex (CTC), which contributes to a tremendous surface-enhanced resonant Raman scattering (SERRS) signals with 632.8 nm laser excitation. The target molecule melamine can generate an additional compound with H2O2, which means the available amount of H2O2 for the oxidation of TMB reduced. Correspondingly, the SERRS intensity of CTC is decreased. The decreased Raman intensity is proportional to the concentration of melamine over a wide range from 10 nM to 50 ìM (R(2)=0.989), with a limit of detection (LOD) of 8.51 nM. Moreover, the proposed highly selective method is fully capable of rapid, separation-free detection of melamine in milk powder.
|
['Animals', 'Chitosan', 'Food Analysis', 'Gold', 'Limit of Detection', 'Metal Nanoparticles', 'Milk', 'Peroxidase', 'Silver', 'Spectrum Analysis, Raman', 'Triazines']
| 26,048,843
|
[['B01.050'], ['D05.750.078.139.500', 'D09.698.211.500'], ['E05.362', 'J01.576.423.850.100'], ['D01.268.556.322', 'D01.268.956.186', 'D01.552.544.322'], ['E05.318.740.872.374', 'N05.715.360.750.725.500', 'N06.850.520.830.872.500'], ['J01.637.512.600.500'], ['A12.200.455', 'A12.790', 'G07.203.100.700', 'G07.203.300.350.525', 'J02.200.700', 'J02.500.350.525'], ['D08.811.682.732.700'], ['D01.268.556.812', 'D01.268.956.843', 'D01.552.544.812'], ['E05.196.822.860', 'E05.196.867.890'], ['D03.383.931']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Influence of patient age and sex on delivery of guideline-recommended heart failure care in the outpatient cardiology practice setting: findings from IMPROVE HF.
|
BACKGROUND: The influence of patient age and sex on delivery of guideline-recommended heart failure (HF) therapies in contemporary outpatient settings has not been well studied. The Registry to Improve the Use of Evidence-Based Heart Failure Therapies in the Outpatient Setting (IMPROVE HF) is a prospective cohort study designed to characterize current management of outpatients with chronic HF and left ventricular ejection fraction < or =35%.METHODS: Baseline data for eligible patients with systolic HF in a national registry of 167 US outpatient cardiology practices were collected by trained chart abstractors. Data were stratified and analyzed as male/female and by age tertiles with generalized estimating equation models constructed for 7 care measures.RESULTS: A total of 15,381 patients were enrolled, with 8,770 (71.1%) of these male. Median age of female patients was 72.0 and 70.0 for males. Use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, beta-blockers, aldosterone inhibitors, and cardiac resynchronization therapy was not significantly different between male and female patients, but rates for implantable cardioverter defibrillators, anticoagulation therapy for atrial fibrillation, and HF education were significantly lower for females. After adjusting for patient and practice characteristics, 3 of 7 measures significantly differed by patient sex, and 6 of 7 measures by age. Older patients, particularly older women, were significantly less likely to receive guideline-indicated HF therapies.CONCLUSIONS: Patient age and sex were independently associated with reduced rates of some, but not all, HF therapies in outpatient cardiology practices. Older women are especially at risk. Further research is needed to understand the causes and consequences of these age- and sex-related differences in care.
|
['Age Factors', 'Aged', 'Cardiology', 'Delivery of Health Care', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Heart Failure', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Morbidity', 'Outpatients', 'Practice Guidelines as Topic', 'Prospective Studies', 'Registries', 'Sex Factors', 'Survival Rate', 'United States']
| 19,332,206
|
[['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['H02.403.429.163'], ['N04.590.374', 'N05.300'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['C14.280.434'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.308.985.525', 'N01.224.935.597', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525'], ['M01.643.630'], ['N04.761.700.350.650', 'N05.700.350.650'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E05.318.308.970', 'N04.452.859.819', 'N05.715.360.300.715.700', 'N06.850.520.308.970'], ['N05.715.350.675', 'N06.850.490.875'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.900', 'N01.224.935.698.826', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.900', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.900'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Longitudinal in vivo MRI of alterations in perilesional tissue after transient ischemic stroke in rats.
|
Spontaneous restoration of function after stroke is associated with remodelling of functional neuronal networks in and around the ischemic lesion. However, the spatiotemporal profile of structural alterations in (peri)lesional tissue in relation to post-stroke recovery of neuronal function remains largely to be elucidated. We performed neurological testing in combination with in vivo serial T(2)-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to assess functional recovery in relation to longitudinal changes in tissue integrity from 3 h up to 9 weeks after experimental unilateral stroke in rats (n=7). Subsequently, to evaluate perilesional neuronal connectivity, we conducted manganese-enhanced MRI after MnCl(2) injection in cortical tissue at the boundary of the lesion at 10 weeks post-stroke (n=5). All animals showed significant improvement of neurological function over time. Normalization of tissue T(2) and fractional diffusion anisotropy (FA) after significant subacute change was observed in cortical and subcortical lesion borderzones between 3 and 9 weeks post-stroke. Progressive FA increase above baseline levels was detected in perilesional white matter areas (n=4). In these animals particularly, significant manganese enhancement appeared within the neuronal network around the chronic lesion, including areas that were part of the lesion at day 3 post-stroke. This longitudinal multi-parametric MRI study suggests that resolution of early ischemic damage and reorganization of white matter in perilesional tissue is chronically accompanied by preservation or restoration of neuronal connectivity, which may significantly contribute to post-stroke functional recovery.
|
['Animals', 'Brain', 'Brain Infarction', 'Brain Ischemia', 'Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Disease Progression', 'Ischemic Attack, Transient', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Nerve Fibers, Myelinated', 'Neural Pathways', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Reperfusion Injury', 'Time', 'Time Factors']
| 18,501,349
|
[['B01.050'], ['A08.186.211'], ['C10.228.140.300.150.477', 'C10.228.140.300.775.200', 'C14.907.253.092.477', 'C14.907.253.855.200', 'C23.550.513.355.250', 'C23.550.717.489.250'], ['C10.228.140.300.150', 'C14.907.253.092'], ['E01.370.350.825.500.150'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['C23.550.291.656'], ['C10.228.140.300.150.836', 'C14.907.253.092.836'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['A08.675.542.512', 'A11.671.501.512', 'A11.671.514'], ['A08.612'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900'], ['C14.907.725', 'C23.550.767.877'], ['G01.910'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in skin and soft tissue infections in patients presenting to Canadian emergency departments.
|
BACKGROUND: Community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is an increasingly common cause of skin and soft tissue infection (SSTI) worldwide. The prevalence of MRSA in SSTIs across Canada has not been well described. Studies in the United States have shown significant geographic variability in the prevalence of MRSA. This study characterizes the geographic prevalence and microbiology of MRSA in patients presenting to Canadian emergency departments with SSTIs.METHODS: Using a prospective, observational design, we enrolled patients with acute purulent SSTIs presenting to 17 hospital emergency departments and 2 community health centres (spanning 6 Canadian provinces) between July 1, 2008, and April 30, 2009. Eligible patients were those whose wound cultures grew S. aureus. MRSA isolates were characterized by antimicrobial susceptibility testing and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. All patients were subjected to a structured chart audit, and patients whose wound swabs grew MRSA were contacted by telephone to gather detailed information regarding risk factors for MRSA infection, history of illness, and outcomes.RESULTS: Of the 1,353 S. aureus-positive encounters recorded, 431 (32%) grew MRSA and 922 (68%) wounds grew methicillin-susceptible S. aureus. We observed significant variation in both the prevalence of MRSA (11-100%) and the proportion of community-associated strains of MRSA (0-100%) across our study sites, with a significantly higher prevalence of MRSA in western Canada.INTERPRETATION: MRSA continues to emerge across Canada, and the prevalence of MRSA in SSTIs across Canada is variable and higher than previously expected.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Canada', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Male', 'Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus', 'Microbial Sensitivity Tests', 'Middle Aged', 'Prevalence', 'Prospective Studies', 'Soft Tissue Infections', 'Staphylococcal Skin Infections']
| 23,663,462
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['Z01.107.567.176'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['E05.196.401.220', 'E05.301.300.220'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['B03.300.390.400.800.750.100.500', 'B03.353.500.750.750.100.500', 'B03.510.100.750.750.100.500', 'B03.510.400.790.750.100.500'], ['E01.370.225.875.595', 'E05.200.875.595', 'E05.337.550.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['C01.820'], ['C01.150.252.410.868.951', 'C01.150.252.819.770', 'C01.800.720.770', 'C17.800.838.765.770']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Genetic links, family ties, and social bonds: rights and responsibilities in the face of genetic knowledge.
|
Currently, some of the most significant moral issues involving genetic links relate to genetic knowledge. In this paper, instead of looking at the frequently addressed issues of responsibilities professionals or institutions have to individuals, I take up the question of what responsibilities individuals have to one another with respect to genetic knowledge. I address the questions of whether individuals have a moral right to pursue their own goals without contributing to society's knowledge of population genetics, without adding to their family's knowledge of its genetic history, and without discovering genetic information about themselves and their offspring. These questions lead to an examination of the presumed right to genetic ignorance and an exploration of a variety of social bonds. Analyzing cases in light of these considerations leads to a surprising conclusion about a widely accepted precept of genetic counseling, to some ethical insights into typical problems, and to some further unanswered questions about personal responsibility in the face of genetic knowledge.
|
['Beneficence', 'Disclosure', 'Ethics, Medical', 'Family Relations', 'Female', 'Friends', 'Genetic Counseling', 'Genetic Diseases, Inborn', 'Genetic Privacy', 'Genetic Research', 'Genetics, Medical', 'Genetics, Population', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Moral Obligations', 'Patient Advocacy', 'Patient Participation', 'Personal Autonomy', 'Social Responsibility']
| 9,555,632
|
[['K01.752.566.479.830.500', 'N05.350.958.500'], ['F01.829.401.046', 'I01.880.604.583.080.134', 'L01.143.335'], ['K01.752.566.479.171.132.750', 'N05.350.340.162.500'], ['F01.829.263.370', 'I01.880.853.150.439'], ['M01.252'], ['H01.158.273.343.385.500.384', 'N02.421.308.400'], ['C16.320'], ['I01.880.604.473.352.500.320', 'I01.880.604.473.650.500.320', 'I01.880.604.583.080.320', 'N03.706.437.352.500.320', 'N03.706.437.650.124.320', 'N03.706.535.230.320'], ['H01.158.273.343.249', 'H01.770.644.145.350'], ['H01.158.273.343.385.500', 'H02.403.350'], ['H01.158.273.343.335'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.829.500.760.500', 'K01.752.566.869.500'], ['I01.880.604.631', 'N03.706.678'], ['F01.100.150.750.500.620', 'F01.145.488.887.500.620', 'N02.421.143.212.300', 'N03.540.245.360.300', 'N05.300.150.800.500.620'], ['F02.600', 'I01.880.604.473.380.500', 'K01.752.566.479.830.650', 'N03.706.437.380.500', 'N05.350.958.650'], ['F01.829.500.760', 'K01.752.566.869']]
|
['Humanities [K]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Ortho group activation of a bromopyrrole ester in Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reactions: Application to the synthesis of new microtubule depolymerizing agents with potent cytotoxic activities.
|
New microtubule depolymerizing agents with potent cytotoxic activities have been prepared with a 5-cyano or 5-oximino group attached to a pyrrole core. The utilization of ortho activation of a bromopyrrole ester to facilitate successful Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reactions was a key aspect of the synthetic methodology. This strategy allows for control of regiochemistry with the attachment of four completely different groups at the 2, 3, 4 and 5 positions of the pyrrole scaffold. Biological evaluations and molecular modeling studies are reported for these examples.
|
['Animals', 'Antineoplastic Agents', 'Cattle', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Cell Survival', 'Halogenation', 'Humans', 'Microtubules', 'Molecular Docking Simulation', 'Neoplasms', 'Pyrroles', 'Rats']
| 28,433,513
|
[['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.248'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['G04.346'], ['G02.111.323', 'G03.360'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.750.602'], ['E05.599.595.249', 'L01.224.160.249'], ['C04'], ['D03.383.129.578'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
A novel germ line p53 mutation in intron 6 in diverse childhood malignancies.
|
Screening for p53 mutations in exons 5 to 8 in 124 pediatric malignancies identified 18 abnormal shifts using single strand conformation polymorphism: 12 were missense mutations and in 6, no mutation was detected in the exon or in the splice donor acceptor sequences. Sequencing was then performed in the adjacent introns, revealing a G to A base substitution at 39 base pairs upstream to exon 7. This mutation was identified in the germ line of five of the patients, and also in the father of one, whose parents were available. For comparison, of the 184 normal controls similarly screened, only one had this mutation (P=0.036). Positive staining of p53 protein was observed in three of the paraffin embedded tissues that were available: brain tumor, rhabdomyosarcoma, and lymphocytes from a normal lymph node from the rhabdomyosarcoma patient. All tumors with the identified intron mutation were Li-Fraumeni syndrome tumors. Sequencing of all exons including splice sites was performed and revealed no mutation. We suggest that this mutation in intron 6 of the p53 gene stabilizes the wild type p53 protein, resulting in its abnormal accumulation. Mutations in the noncoding region of p53 should be further studied.
|
['Brain Neoplasms', 'Child', 'Exons', 'Female', 'Genes, p53', 'Germ-Line Mutation', 'Humans', 'Introns', 'Li-Fraumeni Syndrome', 'Lymph Nodes', 'Male', 'Point Mutation', 'Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational', 'Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma', 'RNA Splicing', 'Rhabdomyosarcoma', 'Tumor Suppressor Protein p53']
| 9,129,144
|
[['C04.588.614.250.195', 'C10.228.140.211', 'C10.551.240.250'], ['M01.060.406'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.137.232'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.375.249.385', 'G05.360.340.024.340.415.400.385'], ['G05.365.590.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G05.360.340.024.220.400', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.515'], ['C04.700.600', 'C16.320.700.600', 'C18.452.284.520'], ['A10.549.400', 'A15.382.520.604.412'], ['G05.365.590.675'], ['G05.365.795.600'], ['C04.557.337.428.600', 'C15.604.515.560.600', 'C20.683.515.528.600'], ['G02.111.760.700', 'G03.839.700', 'G05.308.700.700'], ['C04.557.450.590.550.660', 'C04.557.450.795.550.660'], ['D12.776.157.687.650', 'D12.776.260.820', 'D12.776.624.776.775', 'D12.776.660.720.650', 'D12.776.744.845']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Simultaneous calcium fluorescence imaging and MR of ex vivo organotypic cortical cultures: a new test bed for functional MRI.
|
Recently, several new functional (f)MRI contrast mechanisms including diffusion, phase imaging, proton density, etc. have been proposed to measure neuronal activity more directly and accurately than blood-oxygen-level dependent (BOLD) fMRI. However, these approaches have proved difficult to reproduce, mainly because of the dearth of reliable and robust test systems to vet and validate them. Here we describe the development and testing of such a test bed for non-BOLD fMRI. Organotypic cortical cultures were used as a stable and reproducible biological model of neuronal activity that shows spontaneous activity similar to that of in vivo brain cortex without any hemodynamic confounds. An open-access, single-sided magnetic resonance (MR) "profiler" consisting of four permanent magnets with magnetic field of 0.32 T was used in this study to perform MR acquisition. A fluorescence microscope with long working distance objective was mounted on the top of a custom-designed chamber that keeps the organotypic culture vital, and the MR system was mounted on the bottom of the chamber to achieve real-time simultaneous calcium fluorescence optical imaging and MR acquisition on the same specimen. In this study, the reliability and performance of the proposed test bed were demonstrated by a conventional CPMG MR sequence acquired simultaneously with calcium imaging, which is a well-characterized measurement of neuronal activity. This experimental design will make it possible to correlate directly the other candidate functional MR signals to the optical indicia of neuronal activity in the future.
|
['Animals', 'Biomimetics', 'Brain Mapping', 'Calcium', 'Calcium Signaling', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Cerebral Cortex', 'Equipment Design', 'Equipment Failure Analysis', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Microscopy, Fluorescence', 'Multimodal Imaging', 'Nerve Net', 'Organ Culture Techniques', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Sensitivity and Specificity']
| 26,510,537
|
[['B01.050'], ['H01.158.550.100', 'J01.897.120.100'], ['E01.370.350.578.875.500', 'E01.370.376.537.625.500', 'E05.629.875.500'], ['D01.268.552.100', 'D01.552.539.288', 'D23.119.100'], ['G02.111.820.800.100', 'G03.143.500.100', 'G04.835.800.100'], ['A11.251'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500'], ['E05.320'], ['E05.325.192'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['E01.370.350.515.458', 'E05.595.458'], ['E01.370.350.567'], ['A08.511'], ['E05.481.500.484'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Surgical management of flash pulmonary edema secondary to renovascular hypertension.
|
BACKGROUND: Flask pulmonary edema (FPE) may be a manifestation of renovascular hypertension (RVHTN) and unresponsive to antihypertensive therapy.METHODS: Response to antihypertensive therapy and perioperative outcomes were determined in 5 consecutive patients with FPE.RESULTS: A mean of 2.3 admissions for the treatment of FPE were observed despite a mean cardiac ejection fraction of 60%. Preoperative treatment was attempted for 12 days and included ventilatory support (n = 3) and hemodialysis (n = 2). Total decreased renal perfusion was demonstrated by arteriography and radionuclide scans, no patient having a functional, contralateral kidney. Renal revascularizations were not associated with mortalities; 1 patient experienced atalectasis requiring bronchoscopy. All patients were extubated within 48 hours of surgery. A significant reduction in blood pressure (BP, 46%) and serum creatinine (Cr, 53%, P < or = 0.05) was observed. A mean of 1 antihypertensive medication was required at discharge compared with 3.4 on admission. At follow-up (mean 57 months) all patients remain cured of FPE.CONCLUSIONS: Medical management was unsuccessful in the treatment of FPE. Renal revascularization was associated with low morbidity and mortality, control of BP, restoration of renal function, and cure of FPE. These data suggest surgical intervention is the optimal mode of treatment of RVHTN associated with FPE.
|
['Aged', 'Analysis of Variance', 'Anastomosis, Surgical', 'Aorta, Abdominal', 'Blood Vessel Prosthesis', 'Humans', 'Hypertension, Renovascular', 'Iliac Artery', 'Middle Aged', 'Pulmonary Edema', 'Renal Artery', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Saphenous Vein', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Vascular Surgical Procedures']
| 9,293,835
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['E05.318.740.150', 'N05.715.360.750.125', 'N06.850.520.830.150'], ['E04.035'], ['A07.015.114.056.205'], ['E07.695.110'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C12.777.419.331.490', 'C13.351.968.419.331.490', 'C14.907.489.631.485'], ['A07.015.114.444'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C08.381.742'], ['A07.015.114.745'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['A07.015.908.819'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['E04.100.814']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
American Society of Clinical Oncology 2006 update of the breast cancer follow-up and management guidelines in the adjuvant setting.
|
PURPOSE: To update the 1999 American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) guideline on breast cancer follow-up and management in the adjuvant setting.METHODS: An ASCO Expert Panel reviewed pertinent information from the literature through March 2006. More weight was given to studies that tested a hypothesis directly relating testing to one of the primary outcomes in a randomized design.RESULTS: The evidence supports regular history, physical examination, and mammography as the cornerstone of appropriate breast cancer follow-up. All patients should have a careful history and physical examination performed by a physician experienced in the surveillance of cancer patients and in breast examination. Examinations should be performed every 3 to 6 months for the first 3 years, every 6 to 12 months for years 4 and 5, and annually thereafter. For those who have undergone breast-conserving surgery, a post-treatment mammogram should be obtained 1 year after the initial mammogram and at least 6 months after completion of radiation therapy. Thereafter, unless otherwise indicated, a yearly mammographic evaluation should be performed. Patients at high risk for familial breast cancer syndromes should be referred for genetic counseling. The use of CBCs, chemistry panels, bone scans, chest radiographs, liver ultrasounds, computed tomography scans, [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography scanning, magnetic resonance imaging, or tumor markers (carcinoembryonic antigen, CA 15-3, and CA 27.29) is not recommended for routine breast cancer follow-up in an otherwise asymptomatic patient with no specific findings on clinical examination.CONCLUSION: Careful history taking, physical examination, and regular mammography are recommended for appropriate detection of breast cancer recurrence.
|
['Breast Neoplasms', 'Chemotherapy, Adjuvant', 'Expert Testimony', 'Female', 'Genetic Counseling', 'Humans', 'Mammography', 'Mass Screening', 'Medical History Taking', 'Medical Oncology', 'Palpation', 'Physical Examination', 'Population Surveillance', 'Radiotherapy, Adjuvant', 'Referral and Consultation', 'Societies, Medical', 'Time Factors']
| 17,033,037
|
[['C04.588.180', 'C17.800.090.500'], ['E02.186.170', 'E02.319.170'], ['I01.880.604.583.232', 'N03.706.535.253'], ['H01.158.273.343.385.500.384', 'N02.421.308.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.700.500'], ['E01.370.500', 'E05.318.308.980.438.580', 'N02.421.726.233.443', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.580', 'N06.850.780.500'], ['E01.370.510'], ['H02.403.429.515'], ['E01.370.600.600'], ['E01.370.600'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.700', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.625', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.700', 'N06.850.780.675'], ['E02.186.775', 'E02.815.600'], ['N04.452.758.849'], ['N03.540.828.589'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Risk and prevention of graft failure in patients with preexisting donor-specific HLA antibodies undergoing unmanipulated haploidentical SCT.
|
A role of donor-specific HLA antibodies (DSA) in graft failure after SCT has been suggested, but the relevance of DSA in unmanipulated haploidentical SCT (haplo-SCT) remains unknown. We prospectively examined HLA antibodies using the Luminex-based single Ag assay for 79 adult patients undergoing unmanipulated haplo-SCT. Among them, 16 (20.2%) were HLA Ab-positive, including five patients with antibodies not corresponding to donor HLA Ags and 11 DSA-positive patients. Of the 11 DSA-positive patients, five received treatments to decrease DSA levels, including two, who received plasma exchange and rituximab, two who received platelet transfusions from healthy-related donors having DSA-corresponding HLA Ags and one who received bortezomib. Platelet transfusion was the most simple and effective treatment option for class I DSA. The cumulative incidence of neutrophil recovery was significantly lower in pretransplant (post-treatment) DSA-positive patients than in DSA-negative patients (61.9 vs 94.4%, P=0.026). Notably, three of five patients with high levels of DSA had graft failure. Donors should be selected on the basis of an evaluation of HLA antibodies. If haplo-SCT from donors with HLA Ags that correspond to high levels of DSA must be performed, then recipients should be treated for DSA to improve the chances of successful donor engraftment.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Donor Selection', 'Female', 'Graft Rejection', 'HLA Antigens', 'Hematologic Neoplasms', 'Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation', 'Humans', 'Isoantibodies', 'Male', 'Risk Factors', 'Tissue Donors', 'Transplantation, Homologous']
| 21,691,261
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['E04.936.537.500', 'N02.421.911.600'], ['G12.875.545.328'], ['D23.050.301.500.450', 'D23.050.705.552.450'], ['C04.588.448', 'C15.378.400'], ['E02.095.147.500.500.500', 'E04.936.225.687.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.664', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.664', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.664'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['M01.898'], ['E04.936.864']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Photoacoustic analysis of the ultrasonic irradiation effect in the photosynthetic activity in aquatic lirium plants.
|
We report, the application of the photoacoustic technique for monitoring the photosynthesis evolution in aquatic lirium (Eichhornia Crassipes), before and after it was exposed to ultrasonic irradiations. We obtained the disappearance of the phototobaric contribution in the PA signal measured for the irradiated samples with ultrasound of 17 kHz, and therefore of a possible damage in the centers producing the photosynthesis, due to the irradiation. These results show the utility of the ultrasonic irradiation, as well as, of the photosynthesis monitoring by means of the photoacoustic technique, for the elaboration and establishment of methodologies in the control of this aquatic plant, whose propagation causes many consequences extremely unfavorable for the environment, as well as for the diverse human activities that are developed in the bodies of water in the tropical and sub-tropical regions of the world.
|
['Acoustics', 'Eichhornia', 'Photochemical Processes', 'Photosynthesis', 'Ultrasonics']
| 23,916,598
|
[['H01.671.031'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.827.500'], ['G02.740'], ['G02.111.158.937', 'G02.111.669.700', 'G02.740.921', 'G03.191.937', 'G03.493.700', 'G03.800.700', 'G15.568'], ['H01.671.031.849']]
|
['Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Effects of growth factors on acid-induced damage to rat gastric epithelial cells.
|
We previously established a model of cell damage induced by an acidified medium in the rat gastric epithelial cell line RGM1. Treatment of the cells with epidermal growth factor (EGF, 1-10 ng/ml) for 4 h prevented acid-induced cell damage in a concentration-dependent manner. In contrast, basic fibroblast growth factor (1-10 ng/ml) and platelet-derived growth factor BB (1-10 ng/ml) had no effect on cell damage. EGF did not affect DNA synthesis by the cells for 4 h. Pretreatment of the cells with cycloheximide (10 micrograms/ml) for 1.5 h before EGF treatment significantly attenuated the cytoprotective effect of EGF by > 50%. Replacement of Na+ with K+ in the acidified medium totally abolished the effect of EGF. Co-incubation with amiloride (1 mM) had no influence on the protective effect of EGF. These results indicate that the cytoprotective effect of EGF appears to involve both the activation of amiloride-resistant Na+/H+ exchangers and the synthesis of a new protein related to Na+/H+ exchangers.
|
['Amiloride', 'Animals', 'Becaplermin', 'Cell Division', 'Cell Line', 'Culture Media', 'Cycloheximide', 'Epidermal Growth Factor', 'Fibroblast Growth Factor 2', 'Gastric Acid', 'Gastric Mucosa', 'Humans', 'Platelet-Derived Growth Factor', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-sis', 'Rats', 'Recombinant Proteins', 'Sodium-Hydrogen Exchangers']
| 9,479,630
|
[['D03.383.679.149'], ['B01.050'], ['D12.644.276.910.650.500', 'D12.776.260.690.500', 'D12.776.467.910.650.500', 'D23.529.910.650.500'], ['G04.144.220', 'G04.161.750.500', 'G05.113', 'G07.345.249.410.750.500'], ['A11.251.210'], ['D27.720.470.305', 'E07.206'], ['D03.383.621.808.240'], ['D06.472.317.350', 'D12.644.276.382.500', 'D12.776.467.382.500', 'D23.529.382.500'], ['D12.644.276.624.120', 'D12.776.467.624.120', 'D23.529.624.120'], ['A12.200.307.603'], ['A03.556.875.875.440', 'A10.615.550.291'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.644.276.910', 'D12.776.124.625', 'D12.776.467.910', 'D23.529.910'], ['D12.644.276.910.650', 'D12.776.124.625.650', 'D12.776.260.690', 'D12.776.467.910.650', 'D12.776.624.664.700.195', 'D23.529.910.650'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['D12.776.828'], ['D12.776.157.530.450.162.775', 'D12.776.157.530.937.703', 'D12.776.543.550.190.775', 'D12.776.543.585.450.162.775', 'D12.776.543.585.937.828']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Multiple brain parenchymal neurocysticercosis with extraocular muscle cysticercosis affecting levator palpebral superioris and superior rectus complex: an unusual association.
|
An 8-year-old girl presented to the neurology department with a complaint of insidious onset of left-sided ptosis and restricted elevation of the left eye. A CT scan orbit and brain revealed a ring-enhancing lesion in the levator palpebral superioris (LPS) and superior rectus (SR) muscle complex of the left eye and left parietal and right temporal region. She was started on steroid, followed by albendazole with improvement. The LPS/SR complex is the least common site of involvement among extraocular muscles in ocular cysticercosis. Specially, with brain neurocysticercosis (NCC), it is extremely rare. We report an unusual association of multiple brain NCC with ocular cysticercosis involving LPS and SR muscle.
|
['Albendazole', 'Anti-Inflammatory Agents', 'Anticestodal Agents', 'Blepharoptosis', 'Brain Diseases', 'Child', 'Cysticercosis', 'Dexamethasone', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Neurocysticercosis', 'Oculomotor Muscles', 'Radiography']
| 23,355,567
|
[['D02.241.081.251.022', 'D03.633.100.103.070'], ['D27.505.954.158'], ['D27.505.954.122.250.075.100.040'], ['C11.338.204'], ['C10.228.140'], ['M01.060.406'], ['C01.610.335.190.902.185'], ['D04.210.500.745.432.769.344', 'D04.210.500.908.238'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C01.207.205.250.550', 'C01.610.105.250.550', 'C01.610.335.190.902.185.550', 'C10.228.228.205.250.550'], ['A02.633.567.700'], ['E01.370.350.700']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
An atypic pattern of the azygos venous system in man.
|
A rare variation of the azygos system, found in an 84 year old man, is described. A "double-columned" azygos system runs in front of the spine, and the azygos major crosses the superior lobe of the right lung and enters the right subclavian vein.
|
['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Azygos Vein', 'Humans', 'Male']
| 3,400,891
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['A07.015.908.106'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Fractionation and characterization of the phosphoenolpyruvate: fructose 1-phosphotransferase system from Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
|
The initial reactions involved in the catabolism of fructose in Pseudomonas aeruginosa include the participation of a phosphoenolpyruvate:fructose 1-phosphotransferase system (F-PTS). Fractionation of crude extracts of fructose-grown cells revealed that both membrane-associated and soluble components were essential for F-PTS activity. Further resolution of the soluble fraction by both size exclusion and ion-exchange chromatography revealed the presence of only one component, functionally analogous to enzyme I. Enzyme I exhibited a relative molecular weight of 72,000, catalyzed the pyruvate-stimulated hydrolysis of phosphoenolpyruvate to pyruvate, and mediated the phosphorylation of fructose when combined with a source of enzyme II (washed membranes). No evidence for the requirement of a phosphate carrier protein, such as HPr, could be demonstrated. Thus, the F-PTS requires a minimum of two components, a soluble enzyme I and a membrane-associated enzyme II complex, and both were shown to be inducible. Reconstituted F-PTS activity was specific for phosphoenolpyruvate as a phosphate donor (Km, approximately -0.6 mM) and fructose as the sugar substrate (Km, approximately 18 microM). Components of the Pseudomonas F-PTS did not restore activity to extracts of deletion mutants of Salmonella typhimurium deficient in individual proteins of the PTS or to fractionated membrane and soluble components of the F-PTS of Escherichia coli. Similarly, membrane and soluble components of E. coli and S. typhimurium would not cross-complement the F-PTS components from P. aeruginosa.
|
['Enzyme Induction', 'Escherichia coli', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Kinetics', 'Magnesium', 'Phosphoenolpyruvate Sugar Phosphotransferase System', 'Pseudomonas aeruginosa', 'Salmonella typhimurium', 'Species Specificity', 'Substrate Specificity']
| 6,799,490
|
[['G05.308.320.200'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['G02.300'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['D01.268.552.437', 'D01.268.557.500', 'D01.552.547.500'], ['D05.500.562.484', 'D08.811.600.700', 'D08.811.913.696.620.650'], ['B03.440.400.425.625.625.100', 'B03.660.250.580.590.050'], ['B03.440.450.425.800.200.825', 'B03.660.250.150.710.160.760'], ['G16.824'], ['G02.111.835']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Physical interaction with monocytes rescues human mature CD4+ T-cell lines from anti-CD3-induced apoptosis.
|
Crosslinking of the TcR-CD3 complex with immobilized anti-CD3 antibodies without sufficient co-stimulation induced cell death in human mature CD4+ T-cell lines. In these T cells, DNA fragmentation and morphological characteristics of apoptosis were seen. The anti-CD3-induced apoptosis was inhibited by co-culture with monocytes. The rescue signal provided by monocytes does not need to be present simultaneously with signals mediated by anti-CD3. When T cells were precultured with monocytes for 24 h before anti-CD3 stimulation and then the monocytes were removed from the culture, anti-CD3-induced T-cell apoptosis was also inhibited. To determine whether the monocyte-derived rescue signals were transduced by soluble factors or by direct cell-to-cell interaction with monocytes, we precultured T cells with monocytes separated by a micropore membrane which prevented T cell-monocyte physical interaction but not the diffusion of secreted molecules. In this system, rescue signals could not reach the T cells. To further assess the importance of physical interaction, we precultured T cells with fixed monocytes. T cells could not be rescued from apoptosis under these experimental conditions, either. The results considered collectively suggest that sufficient physical interaction with viable monocytes is important for the rescue of anti-CD3-induced apoptosis of CD4+ T cells.
|
['Antibodies, Monoclonal', 'Apoptosis', 'CD3 Complex', 'CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes', 'Cell Communication', 'Cell Differentiation', 'Cell Line', 'DNA Replication', 'Humans', 'Immunosuppressive Agents', 'Monocytes']
| 7,590,934
|
[['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['D23.050.301.264.894.095', 'D23.101.100.894.095'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.569.200', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.200', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.200'], ['G04.085'], ['G04.152'], ['A11.251.210'], ['G02.111.225', 'G05.226'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D27.505.696.477.656'], ['A11.118.637.555.652', 'A11.148.580', 'A11.627.624', 'A11.733.547', 'A15.145.229.637.555.652', 'A15.378.316.580', 'A15.382.490.555.652', 'A15.382.670.547', 'A15.382.680.547']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Manufacturing inspection in ensuring sanitary and epidemiological well-being of the population].
|
The paper shows the role and place of manufacturing control over the observance of the sanitary-and-epidemiological well-being of the population. Necessary conditions for the effective functioning of a manufacturing control system are formulated.
|
['Humans', 'Hygiene', 'Occupational Health', 'Quality of Life', 'Russia', 'Sanitation']
| 20,135,866
|
[['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.547', 'N06.850.670'], ['N01.400.525'], ['I01.800', 'K01.752.400.750', 'N06.850.505.400.425.837'], ['Z01.252.122.500', 'Z01.542.248.775'], ['H02.229.782', 'N06.850.780.200.800', 'N06.850.860']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Tests of the sorption and olfactory "fovea" hypotheses in the mouse.
|
The spatial distribution of receptors within sensory epithelia (e.g., retina and skin) is often markedly nonuniform to gain efficiency in information capture and neural processing. By contrast, odors, unlike visual and tactile stimuli, have no obvious spatial dimension. What need then could there be for either nearest-neighbor relationships or nonuniform distributions of receptor cells in the olfactory epithelium (OE)? Adrian (Adrian ED. J Physiol 100: 459-473, 1942; Adrian ED. Br Med Bull 6: 330-332, 1950) provided the only widely debated answer to this question when he posited that the physical properties of odors, such as volatility and water solubility, determine a spatial pattern of stimulation across the OE that could aid odor discrimination. Unfortunately, despite its longevity, few critical tests of the "sorption hypothesis" exist. Here we test the predictions of this hypothesis by mapping mouse OE responses using the electroolfactogram (EOG) and comparing these response "maps" to computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations of airflow and odorant sorption patterns in the nasal cavity. CFD simulations were performed for airflow rates corresponding to quiet breathing and sniffing. Consistent with predictions of the sorption hypothesis, water-soluble odorants tended to evoke larger EOG responses in the central portion of the OE than the peripheral portion. However, sorption simulation patterns along individual nasal turbinates for particular odorants did not correlate with their EOG response gradients. Indeed, the most consistent finding was a rostral-greater to caudal-lesser response gradient for all the odorants tested that is unexplained by sorption patterns. The viability of the sorption and related olfactory "fovea" hypotheses are discussed in light of these findings.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Two classical ideas concerning olfaction's receptor-surface two-dimensional organization-the sorption and olfactory fovea hypotheses-were found wanting in this study that afforded unprecedented comparisons between electrophysiological recordings in the mouse olfactory epithelium and computational fluid dynamic simulations of nasal airflow. Alternatively, it is proposed that the olfactory receptor layouts in macrosmatic mammals may be an evolutionary contingent state devoid of the functional significance found in other sensory epithelia like the cochlea and retina.
|
['Air Movements', 'Analysis of Variance', 'Animals', 'Chemoreceptor Cells', 'Computer Simulation', 'Electrodiagnosis', 'Female', 'Hydrodynamics', 'Mice', 'Models, Neurological', 'Odorants', 'Olfactory Mucosa', 'Physical Stimulation', 'Respiration', 'Smell']
| 28,877,965
|
[['G16.500.175.249', 'G16.500.275.063.725.154', 'N06.230.300.100.150.185'], ['E05.318.740.150', 'N05.715.360.750.125', 'N06.850.520.830.150'], ['B01.050'], ['A08.675.650.915.500', 'A08.800.950.500', 'A11.671.650.915.500'], ['L01.224.160'], ['E01.370.405'], ['G01.342'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['E05.599.395.642'], ['G16.500.275.640', 'N06.230.480'], ['A04.531.520.573', 'A04.760.600.640', 'A09.531.623', 'A10.615.550.760.600.640'], ['E05.723'], ['G09.772.705'], ['F02.830.816.643', 'G11.561.790.643']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Novel guanidinylated bioresponsive poly(amidoamine)s designed for short hairpin RNA delivery.
|
Two different disulfide (SS)-containing poly(amidoamine) (PAA) polymers were constructed using guanidino (Gua)-containing monomers (ie, arginine [Arg] and agmatine [Agm]) and N,N'-cystamine bisacrylamide (CBA) by Michael-addition polymerization. In order to characterize these two Gua-SS-PAA polymers and investigate their potentials as short hairpin RNA (shRNA)-delivery carriers, pSilencer 4.1-CMV FANCF shRNA was chosen as a model plasmid DNA to form complexes with these two polymers. The Gua-SS-PAAs and plasmid DNA complexes were determined with particle sizes less than 90 nm and positive æ-potentials under 20 mV at nucleic acid:polymer weight ratios lower than 1:24. Bioresponsive release of plasmid DNA was observed from both newly constructed complexes. Significantly lower cytotoxicity was observed for both polymer complexes compared with polyethylenimine and Lipofectamine 2000, two widely used transfection reagents as reference carriers. Arg-CBA showed higher transfection efficiency and gene-silencing efficiency in MCF7 cells than Agm-CBA and the reference carriers. In addition, the cellular uptake of Arg-CBA in MCF7 cells was found to be higher and faster than Agm-CBA and the reference carriers. Similarly, plasmid DNA transport into the nucleus mediated by Arg-CBA was more than that by Agm-CBA and the reference carriers. The study suggested that guanidine and carboxyl introduced into Gua-SS-PAAs polymers resulted in a better nuclear localization effect, which played a key role in the observed enhancement of transfection efficiency and low cytotoxicity. Overall, two newly synthesized Gua-SS-PAAs polymers demonstrated great potential to be used as shRNA carriers for gene-therapy applications.
|
['Cell Survival', 'DNA', 'Fanconi Anemia Complementation Group E Protein', 'Humans', 'MCF-7 Cells', 'Microscopy, Atomic Force', 'Particle Size', 'Plasmids', 'Polyamines', 'Polyethyleneimine', 'Polymerization', 'Polymers', 'RNA, Small Interfering', 'Transfection']
| 27,994,462
|
[['G04.346'], ['D13.444.308'], ['D12.776.313.843', 'D12.776.660.289'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A11.251.210.190.630'], ['E01.370.350.515.666.400', 'E05.595.666.400'], ['G02.712'], ['G05.360.600'], ['D02.092.782'], ['D02.455.326.271.665.550.600', 'D02.491.650', 'D05.750.716.507.600', 'D25.720.716.507.600', 'J01.637.051.720.716.507.600'], ['G02.750'], ['D05.750', 'D25.720', 'J01.637.051.720'], ['D13.150.650.700', 'D13.444.735.150.700', 'D13.444.735.790.552.875'], ['E05.393.350.810', 'G05.728.860']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Optical control of protein activity and gene expression by photoactivation of caged cyclofen.
|
The use of light to control the expression of genes and the activity of proteins is a rapidly expanding field. While many of these approaches use a fusion between a light activatable protein and the protein of interest to control the activity of the latter, it is also possible to control the activity of a protein by uncaging a specific ligand. In that context, controlling the activation of a protein fused to the modified estrogen receptor (ERT) by uncaging its ligand cyclofen-OH has emerged as a generic and versatile method to control the activation of proteins quantitatively, quickly and locally in a live organism. Here, we present the experimental details behind this approach.
|
['Animals', 'Gene Expression', 'Light', 'Optogenetics', 'Photochemical Processes', 'Polycyclic Compounds', 'Receptors, Estrogen', 'Transcriptional Activation', 'Zebrafish', 'Zebrafish Proteins']
| 31,370,925
|
[['B01.050'], ['G05.297'], ['G01.358.500.505.650', 'G01.590.540', 'G01.750.250.650', 'G01.750.770.578'], ['E05.393.667'], ['G02.740'], ['D04'], ['D12.776.826.750.350', 'D12.776.930.778.350'], ['G05.308.800'], ['B01.050.150.900.493.200.244.828'], ['D12.776.325.500']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Risk factors for surgical site infections among 1,772 patients operated on for lumbar disc herniation: a multicentre observational registry-based study.
|
BACKGROUND: There are no previous studies evaluating risk factors for surgical site infections (SSIs) and the effectiveness of prophylactic antibiotic treatment (PAT), specifically for patients operated on for lumbar disc herniation.METHOD: This observational multicentre study comprises a cohort of 1,772 consecutive patients operated on for lumbar disc herniation without laminectomy or fusion at 23 different surgical units in Norway. The patients were interviewed about SSIs according to a standardised questionnaire at 3 months' follow-up.RESULTS: Three months after surgery, 2.3% of the patients had an SSI. Only no PAT (OR = 5.3, 95% CI = 2.2-12.7, p< 0.001) and longer duration of surgery than the mean time (68 min) (OR = 2.8, 95% CI = 1.2-6.6, p = 0.02) were identified as independent risk factors for SSI. Numbers needed to have PAT to avoid one SSI was 43.CONCLUSIONS: In summary, this study clearly lends support to the use of PAT in surgery for lumbar disc herniation. Senior surgeons assisting inexperienced colleagues to avoid prolonged duration of surgery could also reduce the occurrence of SSI.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Antibiotic Prophylaxis', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Intervertebral Disc Displacement', 'Laminectomy', 'Lumbar Vertebrae', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Registries', 'Risk Factors', 'Surgical Wound Infection']
| 28,424,918
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E02.319.162.150', 'E02.319.703.150'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C05.116.900.307', 'C23.300.707.952'], ['E02.718.563', 'E04.188.400', 'E04.525.450', 'E04.555.350'], ['A02.835.232.834.519'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.308.970', 'N04.452.859.819', 'N05.715.360.300.715.700', 'N06.850.520.308.970'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['C01.947.692', 'C23.550.767.925']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Cyclic voltammetry modeling, geometries, and electronic properties for metallofullerene complexes with mu3-eta2:eta2:eta2-C60 bonding mode.
|
Reduction potential (E(red)) values have been calculated and compared with available cyclic voltammetry (CV) data for 10 metallofullerene complexes with the mu(3)-eta(2):eta(2):eta(2)-C(60) (M(3)-C(6)[C(60)]) bonding mode. Consideration of bulk solvent effects is essential for the calculation of the E(red) values. Scaling factors for the electrostatic terms of the solvation energies have been introduced to fully describe the experimental cyclic voltammograms with a small mean deviation of 0.07 V. Multiple electron reductions induce movement of the metal cluster moieties on the C(60) surface, which is accompanied with the changes in some M-C[C(60)] bonds from pi-type to sigma-type mode. However, the changes in M(3)-C(60) distances, as well as the geometric changes of M(3) and C(60), are small for the reductions, which is in harmony with the high chemical and electrochemical stability of the metallofullerenes. Our population analyses reveal that the added electrons are not localized at the C(60) moieties, and electron population in the metal clusters is significant, more than 20% (av. 37%), for all the reductions. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the two close one-electron redox waves in CV diagrams are strongly correlated with significant electron delocalization, about 40-80%, to the metal-cluster moieties in these metallofullerene complexes.
|
['Electrochemistry', 'Fullerenes', 'Iridium', 'Metals, Heavy', 'Models, Chemical', 'Molecular Conformation', 'Osmium', 'Oxidation-Reduction', 'Rhenium', 'Rhodium', 'Solubility', 'Static Electricity']
| 17,279,498
|
[['H01.181.529.307'], ['D01.268.150.250', 'J01.637.512.600.612.350'], ['D01.268.556.401', 'D01.268.956.280', 'D01.552.544.401'], ['D01.268.556', 'D01.552.544'], ['E05.599.495'], ['G02.111.570.820'], ['D01.268.556.660', 'D01.268.956.702', 'D01.552.544.660'], ['G02.700', 'G03.295.531'], ['D01.268.556.787', 'D01.268.956.750', 'D01.552.544.787'], ['D01.268.556.793', 'D01.268.956.781', 'D01.552.544.793'], ['G02.805'], ['G01.358.500.249.820']]
|
['Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Prohibitin expression is increased in phorbol ester-treated chronic leukemic B-lymphocytes.
|
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is characterized by the gradual accumulation of immature B-lymphocytes. CLL B-lymphocytes mature to a plasmacytoid phenotype when treated in vitro with phorbol esters. CLL B-cell apparent maturation is associated with altered expression of specific plasma membrane and mitochondrial proteins including heightened expression of a 30-kDa heat shock protein 60 (hsp60) analog. During our efforts to further characterize this hsp60 analog by mass spectrometry, we detected the mitochondrial protein prohibitin in phorbol-ester-matured CLL B-lymphocytes. Prohibitin modulates cell proliferation and inhibits cell cycle traverse in several systems, although few data are available for lymphocytes. A twofold increase in prohibitin concentration was observed in phorbol-ester-matured compared to resting CLL B-cells as determined by quantitative Western immunoblot analysis. A similar increase in prohibitin was observed in phorbol-ester-treated normal human B-lymphocyte populations. An antisense oligonucleotide complementary to the 5' coding region of the prohibitin gene blunted the increase in prohibitin protein in phorbol-ester-treated CLL B-cells by 42%. These data suggest that increased prohibitin expression is associated with and may facilitate B-cell maturation.
|
['Antineoplastic Agents', 'B-Lymphocytes', 'Blotting, Western', 'Cell Division', 'Cell Size', 'Humans', 'Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell', 'Oligonucleotides, Antisense', 'Phorbol Esters', 'Protein Biosynthesis', 'Proteins', 'Repressor Proteins', 'Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate', 'Up-Regulation']
| 11,162,143
|
[['D27.505.954.248'], ['A11.063.438', 'A11.118.637.555.567.562', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.562', 'A15.382.032.438', 'A15.382.490.555.567.562'], ['E05.196.401.143', 'E05.301.300.096', 'E05.478.566.320.200', 'E05.601.262', 'E05.601.470.320.200'], ['G04.144.220', 'G04.161.750.500', 'G05.113', 'G07.345.249.410.750.500'], ['G04.325'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.557.337.428.080.125', 'C15.604.515.560.080.125', 'C20.683.515.528.080.125'], ['D13.150.480', 'D13.444.600.150.640', 'D13.695.578.424.480', 'D27.720.470.530.600.150.640'], ['D02.455.849.291.500.510'], ['G02.111.660.871', 'G03.734.871', 'G05.297.670'], ['D12.776'], ['D12.776.260.703', 'D12.776.930.780'], ['D02.455.849.291.500.510.850'], ['G02.111.905', 'G05.308.850', 'G07.690.773.998']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Stroke and renal artery stenosis from Takayasu's arteritis diagnosed in a 57-year-old male patient.
|
Takayasu arteritis (TA) is a rare chronic granulomatous inflammatory arterial disease of unknown etiology that affects the aorta, its main branches and pulmonary artery. The clinical presentation is nonspecific, with signs and symptoms that vary according to the affected arterial segment. The most commonly affected vessel is the subclavian artery, while renal artery stenosis is relatively uncommon. We report a case of a 57-year-old male patient with late diagnosis of TA and various related complications including stroke in the left middle cerebral artery territory, predominant left renal artery stenosis, and hypertension with discrepancy of blood pressure between two arms due to predominant left subclavian artery stenosis. Thus, physicians should keep in their mind this late presentation after the age of 40 years. The aim is to increase the awareness of this condition because of early diagnosis and the timely introduction of treatment can lead to improved outcomes in this poorly understood clinical enigma.
|
['Cardiovascular Agents', 'Glucocorticoids', 'Humans', 'Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Renal Artery Obstruction', 'Takayasu Arteritis', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 31,249,238
|
[['D27.505.954.411'], ['D06.472.040.543', 'D27.505.696.399.472.488'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C10.228.140.300.150.477.200.450', 'C10.228.140.300.510.200.387', 'C10.228.140.300.775.200.200.450', 'C14.907.253.092.477.200.450', 'C14.907.253.560.200.387', 'C14.907.253.855.200.200.450', 'C23.550.513.355.250.200.450', 'C23.550.717.489.250.200.450'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C12.777.419.775', 'C13.351.968.419.775', 'C14.907.137.727'], ['C14.907.109.239.650', 'C14.907.940.090.800', 'C17.800.862.875'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Sociodemographic characteristics and beverage intake of children who drink tap water.
|
BACKGROUND: Tap water provides a calorie-free, no-cost, environmentally friendly beverage option, yet only some youth drink it.PURPOSE: To examine sociodemographic characteristics, weight status, and beverage intake of those aged 1-19 years who drink tap water.METHODS: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data (2005-2010) were used to examine factors associated with tap water consumption. A comparison was made of beverage intake among tap water consumers and nonconsumers, by age, race/ethnicity, and income.RESULTS: Tap water consumption was more prevalent among school-aged children (OR=1.85, 95% CI=1.47, 2.33, for those aged 6-11 years; OR=1.85, 95% CI=1.32, 2.59, for those aged 12-19 years) as compared to those aged 1-2 years. Tap water intake was less prevalent among girls/women (OR=0.76, 95% CI=0.64, 0.89); Mexican Americans (OR=0.32, 95% CI=0.23, 0.45); non-Hispanic blacks (OR=0.48, 95% CI=0.34, 0.67); and others (OR=0.50, 95% CI=0.36, 0.68) as compared to whites; Spanish speakers (OR=0.72, 95% CI=0.55, 0.95); and among referents with a lower than Grade-9 education (OR=0.52, 95% CI=0.31, 0.88); Grade 9-11 education (OR=0.50, 95% CI=0.32, 0.77); and high school/General Educational Development test completion (OR=0.50, 95% CI=0.33, 0.76), as compared to college graduates. Tap water consumers drank more fluid (52.5 vs 48.0 ounces, p<0.01); more plain water (20.1 vs 15.2 ounces, p<0.01); and less juice (3.6 vs 5.2 ounces, p<0.01) than nonconsumers.CONCLUSIONS: One in six children/adolescents does not drink tap water, and this finding is more pronounced among minorities. Sociodemographic disparities in tap water consumption may contribute to disparities in health outcomes. Improvements in drinking water infrastructure and culturally relevant promotion may help to address these issues.
|
['Adolescent', 'Age Factors', 'Beverages', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Drinking Behavior', 'Drinking Water', 'Educational Status', 'Ethnic Groups', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Male', 'Nutrition Surveys', 'Sex Factors', 'Socioeconomic Factors', 'United States', 'Young Adult']
| 23,790,991
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['G07.203.100', 'J02.200'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['F01.145.317'], ['D01.045.250.875.300', 'D01.248.497.158.459.650.300', 'D01.650.550.925.199', 'G07.203.100.418', 'J02.200.418'], ['N01.824.196'], ['M01.686.754', 'N01.224.317'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['E05.318.308.980.485', 'N05.715.360.300.800.469', 'N06.850.505.616', 'N06.850.520.308.980.469'], ['N05.715.350.675', 'N06.850.490.875'], ['I01.880.853.996', 'N01.824'], ['Z01.107.567.875'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Ectopic expression of germline genes drives malignant brain tumor growth in Drosophila.
|
Model organisms such as the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster can help to elucidate the molecular basis of complex diseases such as cancer. Mutations in the Drosophila gene lethal (3) malignant brain tumor cause malignant growth in the larval brain. Here we show that l(3)mbt tumors exhibited a soma-to-germline transformation through the ectopic expression of genes normally required for germline stemness, fitness, or longevity. Orthologs of some of these genes were also expressed in human somatic tumors. In addition, inactivation of any of the germline genes nanos, vasa, piwi, or aubergine suppressed l(3)mbt malignant growth. Our results demonstrate that germline traits are necessary for tumor growth in this Drosophila model and suggest that inactivation of germline genes might have tumor-suppressing effects in other species.
|
['Animals', 'Argonaute Proteins', 'Brain', 'Brain Neoplasms', 'Cell Transformation, Neoplastic', 'DEAD-box RNA Helicases', 'DNA-Binding Proteins', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Drosophila Proteins', 'Drosophila melanogaster', 'Gene Expression Profiling', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic', 'Genes, Insect', 'Genes, Tumor Suppressor', 'Germ Cells', 'Humans', 'MicroRNAs', 'Models, Animal', 'Neoplasm Transplantation', 'Peptide Initiation Factors', 'RNA, Small Interfering', 'RNA-Binding Proteins', 'RNA-Induced Silencing Complex', 'Transplantation, Homologous', 'Up-Regulation']
| 21,205,669
|
[['B01.050'], ['D08.811.277.352.355.350.810.500', 'D08.811.277.352.700.350.810.500', 'D12.776.157.725.500.906.500', 'D12.776.664.962.500.906.500'], ['A08.186.211'], ['C04.588.614.250.195', 'C10.228.140.211', 'C10.551.240.250'], ['C04.697.098.500', 'C23.550.727.098.500'], ['D08.811.913.696.445.735.720.249'], ['D12.776.260'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['D12.776.093.500.462'], ['B01.050.500.131.617.720.500.500.750.310.250.500'], ['E05.393.332'], ['G05.308.370'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.340', 'G05.360.340.357.500'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.375.249', 'G05.360.340.024.340.415.400'], ['A05.360.490', 'A11.497'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D13.150.650.319', 'D13.444.735.150.319', 'D13.444.735.790.552.500'], ['E05.598'], ['E05.624'], ['D12.776.835.725'], ['D13.150.650.700', 'D13.444.735.150.700', 'D13.444.735.790.552.875'], ['D12.776.157.725', 'D12.776.664.962'], ['D08.811.277.352.355.350.810', 'D08.811.277.352.700.350.810', 'D12.776.157.725.500.906', 'D12.776.664.962.500.906'], ['E04.936.864'], ['G02.111.905', 'G05.308.850', 'G07.690.773.998']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Clinical response to chemotherapy and hormone therapy as first treatment after therapeutic ovariectomy in advanced breast cancer patients.
|
The results of chemotherapy and hormone therapy, administered after relapse of the disease, were evaluated in 106 patients with homogeneous clinical characteristics who were subjected to bilateral ovariectomy for advanced breast cancer, whether the response to castration was favorable or not. In spite of an unfavorable response to the ovariectomy, 40.0% of the patients responded to hormone therapy, whereas 32.5% of the cases did not benefit from the successive hormone therapy, although they had responded to ovariectomy. The contrast, 65%, after favorably responding to ovariectomy, showed regression of the neoplasm after chemotherapy for the relapse. This apparent discordance of the results could be due to the fact that response to castration is not the only valid parameter to identify hormone dependence of a breast cancer and/or that the breast cancer is composed, in various proportions, of hormone-sensitive and chemo-sensitive cells. The predominance of one of these 2 components could determine the response of the neoplasm to therapy. The authors conclude that a more extensive and accurate hormone typing of the patient could give more precise indications for the appropriate therapy.
|
['Adult', 'Antineoplastic Agents', 'Breast Neoplasms', 'Castration', 'Cyclophosphamide', 'Dexamethasone', 'Doxorubicin', 'Female', 'Fluorouracil', 'Hormones', 'Humans', 'Methotrexate', 'Methyltestosterone', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent', 'Progestins', 'Tamoxifen', 'Testosterone', 'Vincristine']
| 6,214,880
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D27.505.954.248'], ['C04.588.180', 'C17.800.090.500'], ['E04.270.282', 'E04.950.165'], ['D02.455.526.728.650.730.243', 'D02.705.672.500.243'], ['D04.210.500.745.432.769.344', 'D04.210.500.908.238'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.562.050.200.175', 'D04.615.562.050.200.175', 'D09.408.051.059.200.175'], ['D03.383.742.698.875.404'], ['D06.472', 'D27.505.696.399.472'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D03.633.100.733.631.192.500'], ['D04.210.500.054.079.429.824.664'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04.626'], ['D27.505.696.399.472.858'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.150.700.900'], ['D04.210.500.054.079.429.824', 'D06.472.334.851.968.984'], ['D03.132.436.681.827.817', 'D03.633.100.473.402.681.827.817', 'D03.633.100.496.500.500.681.827.817']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
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