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Food Protein Based Core-Shell Nanocarriers for Oral Drug Delivery: Effect of Shell Composition on in Vitro and in Vivo Functional Performance of Zein Nanocarriers.
|
The study was aimed at systematically investigating the influence of shell composition on the particle size, stability, release, cell uptake, permeability, and in vivo gastrointestinal distribution of food protein based nanocarriers for oral delivery applications. Three different core-shell nanocarriers were prepared using food-grade biopolymers including zein-casein (ZC) nanoparticles, zein-lactoferrin (ZLF), nanoparticles and zein-PEG (ZPEG) micelles. Nile red was used as a model hydrophobic dye for in vitro studies. The nanocarriers had negative, positive, and neutral charge, respectively. All three nanocarriers had a particle size of less than 200 nm and a low polydispersity index. The nanoparticles were stable at gastrointestinal pH (2-9) and ionic strength (10-200 mM). The nanocarriers sustained the release of Nile red in simulated gastric and intestinal fluids. ZC nanoparticles showed the slowest release followed by ZLF nanoparticles and ZPEG micelles. The nanocarriers were taken up by endocytosis in Caco-2 cells. ZPEG micelles showed the highest cell uptake and transepithelial permeability followed by ZLF and ZC nanoparticles. ZPEG micelles also showed P-gp inhibitory activity. All three nanocarriers showed bioadhesive properties. Cy 5.5, a near IR dye, was used to study the in vivo biodistribution of the nanocarriers. The nanocarriers showed longer retention in the rat gastrointestinal tract compared to the free dye. Among the three formulations, ZC nanoparticles was retained the longest in the rat gastrointestinal tract (?24 h). Overall, the outcomes from this study demonstrate the structure-function relationship of core-shell protein nanocarriers. The findings from this study can be used to develop food protein based oral drug delivery systems with specific functional attributes.
|
['Animals', 'Caco-2 Cells', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Chemistry, Pharmaceutical', 'Drug Carriers', 'Drug Delivery Systems', 'Female', 'Food', 'Humans', 'Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions', 'Male', 'Mice, Inbred BALB C', 'Micelles', 'Nanoparticles', 'Particle Size', 'Polyethylene Glycols', 'Proteins', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Tissue Distribution', 'Zein']
| 28,103,046
|
[['B01.050'], ['A11.251.210.190.160', 'A11.251.860.180.160', 'A11.436.140'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['H01.158.703.007', 'H01.181.466'], ['D26.255.260', 'E02.319.300.380'], ['E02.319.300'], ['G07.203.300', 'J02.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G02.409'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.338', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.338'], ['D05.374', 'D26.255.560'], ['J01.637.512.600'], ['G02.712'], ['D02.033.455.250.700', 'D05.750.741', 'D25.720.741', 'J01.637.051.720.741'], ['D12.776'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['G03.787.917', 'G07.690.725.949'], ['D12.776.765.433.500.750', 'D12.776.765.725.500.750']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
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| 0
|
Simian rotavirus SA11 replication in cell cultures.
|
Understanding the basic virology of rotavirus infections has been hampered by the fastidiousness of most isolates and by the lack of a rapid quantitative assay method. The growth characteristics of the simian rotavirus SA11 were studied because it grows to high titers in tissue culture and infectivity can be quantitated by plaque assay. SA11 replication was analyzed in a variety of primary cell cultures or continuous cell lines derived from both homologous and heterologous hosts. Viral replication was observed in each of the cell cultured examined. The individual cell cultures demonstrated marked variability in their susceptibility to rotavirus infection. The highest titers were obtained with MA104, BSC-1, CV-1, and BGM cells. Observable cytopathic effect was found to correlate with the percentage of infected cells in the culture. This study presents growth curves of the simian rotavirus in a variety of cell cultures.
|
['Animals', 'Cell Line', 'Culture Media', 'Cytopathogenic Effect, Viral', 'Haplorhini', 'Kidney', 'Macaca mulatta', 'RNA Viruses', 'Rotavirus', 'Temperature', 'Virus Cultivation', 'Virus Replication']
| 229,253
|
[]
|
[]
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Influence of the preconception maternal nutritional status on fetal growth and development in rats].
|
A study was carried out in Wistar female rats to determine the influence of maternal preconceptional undernutrition on fetal growth and maternal-fetal exchange of energy and nitrogen retained by pregnant rats, with and without supplementary feeding, in comparison to a control group. Experimental malnourished female rats and controls of similar weight, were mated for a single period of 24 hours. From the first day of gestation one group of malnourished and one group of the control rats were fed for 20 days a casein diet with NDpCal% 12, and the other group of malnourished and control pregnant rats were fed NDpCal% 4 during 20 days. At the end of the trials rats were sacrificed: nitrogen, fat and energy values of samples of extracted fat and portions of dried fat-free in the maternal carcass and uterine contents were determined. Both malnourished groups fed during pregnancy with NDpCal% 12 or 4, utilized nitrogen and energy more efficiently, but failed to reach the body weight of the pregnant control rats fed with NDpCAl% 12 or 4, respectively. Food supplementation of the malnourished group during gestation allowed the maternal carcass to catch up growth. The litter size, however, remained diminished, fetal growth improved poorly and the uterine content weight attained only 45% of the maximum of the controls fed on NDpCal% 12. These results showed that when supplementation was imposed only during pregnancy, the recovery of maternal tissue was prioritary, while nutrition of the fetus was secondary.
|
['Animals', 'Dietary Proteins', 'Energy Metabolism', 'Female', 'Fetus', 'Food, Fortified', 'Gestational Age', 'Maternal-Fetal Exchange', 'Pregnancy', 'Protein-Energy Malnutrition', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Strains']
| 6,800,319
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.776.256', 'G07.203.300.428', 'J02.500.428'], ['G03.295'], ['A16.378'], ['G07.203.300.515', 'J02.500.515'], ['G07.345.500.325.235.968', 'G08.686.320'], ['G08.686.784.769.455'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['C18.654.521.500.708.626'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) cell adhesion on E- and P-selectin under physiological flow conditions.
|
Hematogenous metastasis is still a poorly understood phenomenon. The rate-limiting step within the metastatic cascade is not yet clear although it may be estimated that the extravasation of circulating tumor cells is a step of crucial importance, as most tumor cells that are shed into circulation undergo apoptosis. The process of extravasation includes a cascade of consecutive steps, starting with adhesion of tumor cells circulating in the bloodstream to endothelial cells, mimicking leukocyte adhesion and transmigration. Endothelial cell selectin-leukocyte glycan interaction occurs when leukocytes adhere to endothelial cells under conditions of shear stress. As there are parallels between cancer cell endothelial interactions with leukocyte endothelial cell systems an experimental setup has been developed in which adhesion of small cell lung carcinoma adhesive properties can be analyzed under physiological shear stress conditions during their attachment to E- and P-selection.
|
['Animals', 'Cattle', 'Cell Adhesion', 'Cell Culture Techniques', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'E-Selectin', 'Humans', 'Lung Neoplasms', 'P-Selectin', 'Rheology', 'Serum Albumin, Bovine', 'Small Cell Lung Carcinoma']
| 24,092,431
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['G04.022'], ['E01.370.225.500.223', 'E05.200.500.265', 'E05.242.223', 'E05.481.500.249'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['D12.776.395.550.200.700.300', 'D12.776.503.843.300', 'D12.776.543.550.200.700.300', 'D23.050.301.350.700.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.588.894.797.520', 'C08.381.540', 'C08.785.520'], ['D12.776.395.550.200.700.775', 'D12.776.395.550.625.905', 'D12.776.503.843.775', 'D12.776.543.550.200.700.775', 'D12.776.543.550.625.905', 'D23.050.301.350.700.775'], ['E05.830', 'H01.671.808'], ['D12.776.034.841.540', 'D12.776.124.727.875'], ['C04.588.894.797.520.109.220.624', 'C08.381.540.140.750', 'C08.785.520.100.220.750']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Proximal and distal regulatory elements that influence in vivo expression of a cell cycle-dependent human H4 histone gene.
|
We have examined the sequences required in vivo to promote transcription of a cell cycle-regulated human H4 histone gene. Deletion mutants of the 5' flanking region were assayed in mouse cells or fused with the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) gene for assay in HeLa cells. The functional limits of the regulatory sequences were shown to extend at least 6.5 kilobases (kb) upstream. Sequences sufficient for correctly initiated transcription were found in the 70 base pairs (bp) immediately 5' to the cap site. A proximal element located 200-400 bp upstream increased the level of transcription several times above the basal level, although not to maximal levels. Maximal levels of expression were achieved with 6.5 kb of 5' flanking sequence adjacent to the proximal promoter sequences or when a distal enhancer element with both position- and orientation-independent function was moved proximal to the promoter. Our results indicate that a series of 5' cis-acting sequences are functionally related to the fidelity and level of expression of this human H4 histone gene.
|
['Animals', 'Cell Cycle', 'Cell Line', 'Chromosome Deletion', 'Cloning, Molecular', 'Genes', 'Genes, Regulator', 'HeLa Cells', 'Histones', 'Humans', 'L Cells', 'Mice', 'Mutation', 'Plasmids', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Thymidine Kinase', 'Transcription, Genetic']
| 3,473,491
|
[['B01.050'], ['G04.144'], ['A11.251.210'], ['C23.550.210.050.500.500', 'G05.365.590.029.530.175', 'G05.365.590.175.050.500.500', 'G05.365.590.762.180', 'G05.558.800.180', 'G05.700.131.500.500'], ['E05.393.220'], ['G05.360.340.024.340'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.425'], ['A11.251.210.190.400', 'A11.251.860.180.400', 'A11.436.340'], ['D12.776.157.687.485', 'D12.776.660.720.485', 'D12.776.664.469'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A11.251.210.505', 'A11.329.228.505'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['G05.365.590'], ['G05.360.600'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.750'], ['G02.111.873', 'G05.297.700']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis associated with low-grade B cell lymphoma presenting in the kidney.
|
Low-grade B cell lymphoma of mucosa-associated tissue type (MALToma) rarely may involve the kidney. Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) is an uncommon complication of B cell lymphoma and may be related to cryoglobulin and/or immunoglobulin synthesis by a secretory B cell clone. We report 2 patients with the novel renal biopsy findings of coexistent MALToma and MPGN. Both subjects presented with nephrotic proteinuria and renal insufficiency. One patient had a serum M protein (IgG K) but neither individual had any other clinical or serologic evidence of systemic disease, including hematolymphoid malignancy, autoimmune disease, cryoglobulinemia, or hepatitis C viral infection. Both renal biopsies demonstrated MPGN type I with immunoglobulin deposits that in 1 case showed light chain restriction (IgM K). Electron microscopy disclosed corresponding glomerular electron dense deposits in subendothelial locations. Both biopsies also contained atypical interstitial lymphoid infiltrates comprising marginal zone (centro-cyte-like) cells that infiltrated tubules and showed extra-capsular extension. Immunostains demonstrated a predominantly B cell population that lacked expression of CD5 and cycline D1, and gene rearrangement studies confirmed the presence of a monoclonal B cell population in both cases. These findings indicate that low-grade B cell lymphoma in the kidney may be an unexpected finding in patients with nephrotic syndrome related to MPGN. Immunophenotypic and gene rearrangement studies are important ancillary tools for the evaluation of atypical lymphoid infiltrates in kidney biopsies.
|
['Aged', 'Biopsy', 'Diagnosis, Differential', 'Female', 'Glomerulonephritis, Membranoproliferative', 'Humans', 'Kidney', 'Kidney Neoplasms', 'Lymphoma, B-Cell', 'Male', 'Severity of Illness Index']
| 12,005,247
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['E01.370.225.500.384.100', 'E01.370.225.998.054', 'E01.370.388.100', 'E04.074', 'E05.200.500.384.100', 'E05.200.998.054', 'E05.242.384.100'], ['E01.171'], ['C12.777.419.570.363.615', 'C13.351.968.419.570.363.615', 'C20.425'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A05.810.453'], ['C04.588.945.947.535', 'C12.758.820.750', 'C12.777.419.473', 'C13.351.937.820.535', 'C13.351.968.419.473'], ['C04.557.386.480.150', 'C15.604.515.569.480.150', 'C20.683.515.761.480.150'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475.456.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.364.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.364.500']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
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| 1
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|
Why can patients with baker's asthma tolerate wheat flour ingestion? Is wheat pollen allergy relevant?
|
Diagnosis in patients sensitised to multiple pollens is difficult due to the relationship between pollen and food allergens. Misdiagnosis is often a cause for unsuccessful specific immunotherapy. Wheat is a potent allergen source and is one of the causes of baker's asthma, food and pollen allergy. Recently, we have performed a study on pollen sensitisation in our area, where cereal crops are very important. The clinical data from 19718 patients reviewed showed that grass pollen was the main source of clinical symptoms (6369 patients, 32.30% of asthmatics). However, wheat and cereal crop pollen showed very low prevalence. On the other hand, patients with wheat flour allergy after ingestion and/or with baker's asthma were not sensitised to wheat pollen, despite it containing some common allergens. In the same way, all our asthmatic bakers (135 patients) tolerated the ingestion of bread. Here we try to explain the reason for these surprising observations.
|
['Allergens', 'Asthma', 'Eating', 'Flour', 'Humans', 'Pollen', 'Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal', 'Triticum', 'Wheat Hypersensitivity']
| 19,775,798
|
[['D23.050.063'], ['C08.127.108', 'C08.381.495.108', 'C08.674.095', 'C20.543.480.680.095'], ['G07.203.650.283', 'G10.261.330'], ['G07.203.300.484', 'J02.500.484'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A18.024.249.500.249.500'], ['C08.460.799.315.750', 'C08.674.453.750', 'C09.603.799.315.750', 'C20.543.480.680.443.750'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.822.918'], ['C20.543.480.370.850']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Relationships among alcohol consumption, facial flushing response, and metabolic syndrome in healthy men.
|
PURPOSE: It is believed that alcohol has an intimate connection with metabolic syndrome (MS). However, the role of facial flushing after alcohol consumption in this relationship has not yet been well known. We explored the relationship between weekly alcohol consumption, risk of MS, and the flushing response.METHODS: The subjects were 1823 Korean adult males (305 nondrinkers, 540 flushers, 978 nonflushers) who had undergone a comprehensive medical check-up at Chungnam National University Hospital. We excluded the cases with the history of hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, or who had taken medication in the previous month. After controlling for age, body mass index, exercise status, and smoking history, we used a logistic regression analysis to calculate the risk of MS with drinks per week in flushers and nonflushers as compared with nondrinkers.RESULTS: The risk of MS in flushers was significantly increased with alcohol consumption >4 drinks (4-16 drinks: odds ratio [OR] 1.93; >16 drinks: OR 2.20). However, in nonflushers, the risk of MS was increased in those consuming >16 drinks (OR 2.02).CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that the threshold for MS from alcohol consumption is lower in flushers than in nonflushers.
|
['Adult', 'Alcohol Drinking', 'Asian Continental Ancestry Group', 'Blood Glucose', 'Blood Pressure', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Flushing', 'Humans', 'Logistic Models', 'Male', 'Metabolic Syndrome', 'Middle Aged', 'Regression Analysis', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Risk']
| 22,575,812
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['F01.145.317.269'], ['M01.686.508.200'], ['D09.947.875.359.448.500'], ['E01.370.600.875.249', 'G09.330.380.076'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['C23.888.885.344'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.740.500.525', 'E05.318.740.600.800.450', 'E05.318.740.750.450', 'E05.599.835.875', 'N05.715.360.750.530.480', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.450', 'N05.715.360.750.695.470', 'N06.850.520.830.500.525', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.450', 'N06.850.520.830.750.450'], ['C18.452.394.968.500.570', 'C18.452.625'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.740.750', 'N05.715.360.750.695', 'N06.850.520.830.750'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.740.600.800', 'G17.680.750', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Autophagy contributes to therapy-induced degradation of the PML/RARA oncoprotein.
|
Treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) with all-trans retinoic acid and/or arsenic trioxide represents a paradigm in targeted cancer therapy because these drugs cause clinical remission by affecting the stability of the fusion oncoprotein promyelocytic leukemia (PML)/retinoic acid receptor alpha (RARA). The authors of previous studies have implicated the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway as the main mechanism involved in therapy-induced PML/RARA degradation. Here we have investigated a role of autophagy, a protein degradation pathway that involves proteolysis of intracellular material within lysosomes. We found that both all-trans retinoic acid and arsenic trioxide induce autophagy via the mammalian target of rapamycin pathway in APL cells and that autophagic degradation contributes significantly both to the basal turnover as well as the therapy-induced proteolysis of PML/RARA. In addition, we observed a correlation between autophagy and therapy-induced differentiation of APL cells. Given the central role of the PML/RARA oncoprotein in APL pathogenesis, this study highlights an important role of autophagy in the development and treatment of this disease.
|
['Arsenic Trioxide', 'Arsenicals', 'Autophagy', 'Cell Differentiation', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'HeLa Cells', 'Humans', 'Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins', 'Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute', 'Nuclear Proteins', 'Oncogene Proteins, Fusion', 'Oxides', 'Promyelocytic Leukemia Protein', 'Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases', 'RNA, Small Interfering', 'Receptors, Retinoic Acid', 'Retinoic Acid Receptor alpha', 'Solubility', 'TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases', 'Transcription Factors', 'Tretinoin', 'Tumor Suppressor Proteins']
| 20,574,048
|
[['D01.075.038', 'D01.650.550.125'], ['D01.075', 'D02.129'], ['G04.011'], ['G04.152'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['A11.251.210.190.400', 'A11.251.860.180.400', 'A11.436.340'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.644.360', 'D12.776.476'], ['C04.557.337.539.275.700'], ['D12.776.660'], ['D12.776.602.500.500', 'D12.776.624.664.500'], ['D01.248.497.158.685', 'D01.650.550'], ['D12.776.624.776.654', 'D12.776.660.745', 'D12.776.930.713', 'D12.776.934.500'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700'], ['D13.150.650.700', 'D13.444.735.150.700', 'D13.444.735.790.552.875'], ['D12.776.826.701', 'D12.776.930.775'], ['D12.776.826.701.250', 'D12.776.930.775.250'], ['G02.805'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.931', 'D12.776.476.925'], ['D12.776.930'], ['D02.455.326.271.665.202.495.818.500', 'D02.455.426.392.368.367.379.249.700.860.500', 'D02.455.849.131.495.818.800', 'D02.455.849.291.925.500', 'D23.767.261.700.780'], ['D12.776.624.776']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Extraosseous Extension of Aggressive Vertebral Hemangioma as a Potential Pitfall on 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT.
|
A 74-year-old man with newly diagnosed prostate cancer underwent Ga-PSMA PET/CT, which demonstrated intense uptake in and adjacent the L2 vertebral body. Subsequent MRI of the lumbar spine showed an aggressive L2 hemangioma with adjacent soft tissue extension. There was congruence of the intraosseous and extraosseous components of the hemangioma and the PSMA PET uptake. This is a rare but important potential pitfall in Ga-PSMA PET/CT-a soft tissue lesion with intense tracer uptake related not to a nodal metastasis of prostate cancer but to extraosseous extension of an aggressive vertebral body hemangioma.
|
['Aged', 'Edetic Acid', 'Hemangioma', 'Humans', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Oligopeptides', 'Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography', 'Prostatic Neoplasms', 'Spine']
| 28,632,693
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['D02.092.782.258.368.250', 'D02.241.081.018.253'], ['C04.557.645.375'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['D12.644.456'], ['E01.370.350.350.800.700.500', 'E01.370.350.350.810.645', 'E01.370.350.567.500', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810.490', 'E01.370.350.600.350.800.399.500', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810.645', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810.723', 'E01.370.350.710.800.399.500', 'E01.370.350.825.800.399.500', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810.700', 'E01.370.384.730.800.399.500'], ['C04.588.945.440.770', 'C12.294.260.750', 'C12.294.565.625', 'C12.758.409.750'], ['A02.835.232.834']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Chemotaxis of granulocytes across bovine pulmonary artery intimal explants without endothelial cell injury.
|
Emigration of granulocytes from vessel lumen to a site of injury is a hallmark of acute inflammation but whether this migration is necessarily associated with vascular damage is not clear. To follow the structural changes associated with granulocyte migration across an intact endothelial cell layer and to assess changes in vascular permeability, an in vitro technique was developed in which intimal explants were stripped from bovine pulmonary artery and mounted in chemotaxis chambers. All explants studied had granulocytes and trace amounts of 3H-water, 14C-sucrose and 125I-albumin in the upper well of the chambers. Experimental explants had zymosan-activated plasma in the lower well and control explants had either serum in the lower well or zymosan-activated plasma in the upper well. Explants were incubated at 37 degrees C for periods from 15 min to 3 hr. When the chemoattractant was added to the lower well, granulocytes migrated into the explants. Transmission and scanning electron microscopy showed an orderly sequence of granulocyte--endothelial interactions throughout which the two cell types maintained close opposition--granulocyte adherence to and exploration of the endothelial surface; penetration and migration through the interendothelial cell junction; reapposition and reformation of the luminal 'tight' junctions and finally passage of granulocytes through the endothelial basal lamina. After 60 min incubation, the majority of granulocytes seen in each section was through the endothelial cell layer and after 2 hr, they were through the basal lamina. Structural evidence of granulocyte or endothelial cell damage was not found at any of the times examined, neither was there any demonstrable increase in intimal permeability. In control explants, granulocyte migration was strikingly less frequent at 2 hr (approximately 10% of that seen towards the chemoattractant). Thus, granulocyte migration across an endothelial cell layer towards a chemoattractant is not necessarily associated with structural evidence of endothelial cell injury or increased vascular permeability.
|
['Animals', 'Capillary Permeability', 'Cattle', 'Chemotaxis, Leukocyte', 'Diffusion', 'Endothelium', 'Granulocytes', 'Leukocyte Count', 'Microscopy, Electron, Scanning', 'Pulmonary Artery', 'Zymosan']
| 6,701,890
|
[['B01.050'], ['G03.143.330', 'G09.330.165'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['G04.198.424.233'], ['G01.202', 'G02.196'], ['A10.272.491'], ['A11.118.637.415', 'A11.148.350', 'A11.627.340', 'A15.145.229.637.415', 'A15.378.316.340', 'A15.382.490.315'], ['E01.370.225.500.195.107.595', 'E01.370.225.625.107.595', 'E05.200.500.195.107.595', 'E05.200.625.107.595', 'E05.242.195.107.595', 'G04.140.107.595', 'G09.188.105.595'], ['E01.370.350.515.402.541', 'E05.595.402.541'], ['A07.015.114.715'], ['D09.698.365.089.750']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Three-dimensional Evaluation of Nasal Surgery in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea.
|
BACKGROUND: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common sleep disorder and is characterized by airway collapse at multiple levels of upper airway. The effectiveness of nasal surgery has been discussed in several studies and shows a promising growing interest. In this study, we intended to evaluate the effects of nasal surgery on the upper airway dimensions in patients with OSA using three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of cone-beam computed tomography (CT).METHODS: Twelve patients with moderate to severe OSA who underwent nasal surgery were included in this study. All patients were diagnosed with OSA using polysomnography (PSG) in multi sleep health centers associated with Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary and the Partners Health Care from May 31, 2011 to December 14, 2013. The effect of nasal surgery was evaluated by the examination of PSG, subjective complains, and 3D reconstructed CT scan. Cross-sectional area was measured in eleven coronal levels, and nasal cavity volume was evaluated from anterior nasal spine to posterior nasal spine. The thickness of soft tissue in oral pharynx region was also measured.RESULTS: Five out of the 12 patients were successfully treated by nasal surgery, with more than 50% drop of apnea-hypopnea index. All the 12 patients showed significant increase of cross-sectional area and volume postoperatively. The thickness of soft tissue in oral pharynx region revealed significant decrease postoperatively, which decreased from 19.14 ± 2.40 cm 2 and 6.11 ± 1.76 cm 2 to 17.13 ± 1.91 cm 2 and 5.22 ± 1.20 cm 2 .CONCLUSIONS: Nasal surgery improved OSA severity as measured by PSG, subjective complaints, and 3D reconstructed CT scan. 3D assessment of upper airway can play an important role in the evaluation of treatment outcome.
|
['Adult', 'Cone-Beam Computed Tomography', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Imaging, Three-Dimensional', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Nasal Surgical Procedures', 'Quality of Life', 'Sleep Apnea, Obstructive']
| 26,960,367
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E01.370.350.700.810.810.490', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810.399'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.400', 'L01.224.308.410'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E04.580.392'], ['I01.800', 'K01.752.400.750', 'N06.850.505.400.425.837'], ['C08.618.085.852.850', 'C10.886.425.800.750.850']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Interleukin-37 Inhibits the Imbalance Between T Helper 17 Cells and Regulatory T Cells in Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease.
|
The aim of this study was to explore the role of interleukin-37 (IL-37) in imbalance of T helper (Th)17/regulatory T cells (Tregs) in hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD). The proportions of CD4+ IL-17A+ Th17 cells and CD4+ CD25+Foxp3+ Tregs in peripheral blood or peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from HFMD patients and healthy controls were measured by fluorescence activated cell sorter. The level of IL-37, IL-10, IL-17A, IL-23, and transforming growth factor â1 (TGF-â1) in serum or PBMCs of HFMD patients and control subjects were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results showed that Th17 cells proportion and IL-17A and IL-23 levels were highly increased, whereas Tregs proportion and IL-10 and TGF-â1 levels were significantly decreased in HFMD patients. Moreover, IL-37 stimulation elevated Tregs proportion but reduced Th17 cell proportion in subjects with HFMD. On the contrary, we found methylprednisolone pulse therapy/methylprednisolone combinated with intravenous gamma globulin inhibits Th17/Treg imbalance through upregulation of IL-37 in HFMD. In conclusion, IL-37 inhibits the imbalance of Th17/Tregs in HFMD.
|
['Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'China', 'Female', 'Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease', 'Humans', 'Interleukin-1', 'Male', 'T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory', 'Th17 Cells']
| 31,090,483
|
[['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['Z01.252.474.164'], ['C01.925.782.687.359.213.331'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.010', 'D12.644.276.374.500.400', 'D12.776.467.374.465.010', 'D12.776.467.374.500.400', 'D23.529.374.465.131', 'D23.529.374.500.400'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.550.500.700', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.200.700', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.500.700', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.550.500.700', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.200.700', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.500.700', 'A15.382.490.555.567.550.500.700', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.200.700', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.500.700'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.550.500.400.915', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.200.400.915', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.500.400.915', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.550.500.400.770', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.200.400.770', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.500.400.770', 'A15.382.490.555.567.550.500.400.915', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.200.400.915', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.500.400.915']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
|
Effect of chronic dietary nitrate and different iodine supply on porcine thyroid function, somatomedin-C-level and growth.
|
Due to the lately increased oral nitrate intake of humans and animals the influence of 3% KNO3 in the diet on growth and the thyroid hormone and somatomedin-C-concentration in the serum was to be tested in an experiment with growing pigs in case of different iodine supply. The investigations were undertaken in 3 groups with 9 piglets each. The animals were 6 weeks old: 1. nitrate-exposed, 2. pair-fed to group 1 (without nitrate), 3. ad libitum without nitrate. The mean daily weight gains amounted to 242, 274 and 393 g respectively, after a five-week test period. Compared to the ad libitum control group, the T4-, T3-, rT3- and Sm-C-level of nitrate-exposed animals was significantly lower after 5 weeks. There were no statistically relevant differences between nitrate-exposed and pair-fed animals with regard to the T3- and Sm-C-level. After the 5-week test period with an iodine supply covering the requirement the rations of all 3 groups were supplemented with further 0.8 mg iodine/kg. The T4-, T3- and rT3-levels of the animals of group 1 normalized within one week. The Sm-C-levels of the nitrate-exposed and pair-fed group were still decreased. The investigations show that an increased nitrate intake via food and drinking water influences the thyroid hormone metabolism. It should be taken into consideration in the etiology of endemic struma. Furthermore, excessive nitrate intakes influence the Sm-C-concentration and thus growth due to food intake depression.
|
['Animals', 'Diet', 'Growth', 'Insulin-Like Growth Factor I', 'Iodine', 'Nitrates', 'Somatomedins', 'Swine', 'Thyroid Gland', 'Thyroid Hormones']
| 3,556,413
|
[['B01.050'], ['G07.203.650.240'], ['G07.345.249'], ['D12.644.276.937.400', 'D12.776.124.862.400', 'D12.776.467.937.400', 'D23.529.937.400'], ['D01.268.380.400'], ['D01.248.497.158.606', 'D01.625.525.550', 'D02.583'], ['D12.644.276.937', 'D12.776.124.862', 'D12.776.467.937', 'D23.529.937'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.880'], ['A06.300.900'], ['D06.472.931']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The relationship between hypotonically-induced taurine and K fluxes in trout red blood cells.
|
Hypotonic swelling of teleost erythrocytes activates multiple transport systems leading to the regulatory decrease of cell volume. We have examined using pharmacological manipulation the swelling-induced taurine flux pathway in red blood cells of the rainbow trout and its relationship to swelling-induced K flux pathways. We show that the activation and deactivation of taurine flux is rapid and that the flux is a sigmoidal function of cell volume. N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) and the non-specific protein kinase inhibitor, staurosporine, both inactivated the hypotonically-induced taurine flux with concentrations eliciting half-maximal inhibition (IC50s) of 212 and 17 micromol(-1), respectively. The low taurine fluxes under isotonic conditions were unaffected. By contrast, the tyrosine kinase inhibitor, genistein, partially inhibited taurine flux under both isotonic and hypotonic conditions. The specific phosphatase inhibitor, calyculin A, had no inhibitory or stimulatory effect under either condition whilst the less-specific phosphatase inhibitor, ortho-vanadate, reduced taurine flux only under hypotonic conditions. In these respects the regulatory control of the taurine pathway differs from the Cl-dependent K flux. However, NEM and staurosporine also inhibited the Cl-independent K flux, both with similar IC50s to those observed for taurine fluxes. This supports the idea of the hypotonically-induced taurine flux and the Cl-independent K flux sharing the same transport pathway.
|
['Animals', 'Biological Transport', 'Cell Size', 'Chlorides', 'Enzyme Inhibitors', 'Erythrocytes', 'Ethylmaleimide', 'Hypotonic Solutions', 'Marine Toxins', 'Oncorhynchus mykiss', 'Osmolar Concentration', 'Oxazoles', 'Potassium', 'Sodium', 'Staurosporine', 'Taurine']
| 10,954,334
|
[['B01.050'], ['G03.143'], ['G04.325'], ['D01.210.450.150', 'D01.248.497.158.215'], ['D27.505.519.389'], ['A11.118.290', 'A11.443.240', 'A15.145.229.334'], ['D02.241.081.337.502.524.418', 'D02.478.440.418', 'D03.383.129.578.399.418'], ['D26.776.399'], ['D23.946.580'], ['B01.050.150.900.493.817.750.825.580.600'], ['G02.640'], ['D03.383.129.462'], ['D01.268.549.550', 'D01.268.557.575', 'D01.552.528.652', 'D01.552.547.650'], ['D01.268.549.750', 'D01.268.557.650', 'D01.552.528.850', 'D01.552.547.725'], ['D03.132.436.750', 'D03.633.100.473.144.750', 'D03.633.100.473.402.750', 'D03.633.100.496.500.500.750', 'D03.633.300.148.750'], ['D02.455.326.146.100.850', 'D02.886.645.600.055.850']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Cutaneous side-effects of treatment with lithium (author's transl)].
|
This paper describes the cutaneous side-effects which appeared in 5 patients under Lithium medication for manic-depressive disease: 2 cases with facial and dorsal acne, 1 case with generalized pruritus with burning sensations on the tongue and tumefaction of the lips, 1 case with endogenous generalized psoriasis and 1 case with palmo-plantar hyperkeratosis, ichthyosis and associated with euthyroid goitre. The lithium content of the tissues was assayed by flame spectrophotometry of calcinated biopsy material taken from the epidermis, the dermis and the subcutaneous adipose tissue from 4 of our 5 cases. An experimental investigation was carried out in guinea pigs fed with lithium salts during 6 months. The cation was assayed in samples of epidermis, dermis and perirenal adipose tissue. A study of the accumulation of lithium in epidermal, dermal and adipose tissue is thus added to the studies already published regarding the accumulation of this ion in other tissues.
|
['Acne Vulgaris', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Animals', 'Bipolar Disorder', 'Drug Eruptions', 'Female', 'Guinea Pigs', 'Humans', 'Ichthyosis', 'Keratoderma, Palmoplantar', 'Lithium', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Pruritus', 'Psoriasis', 'Thyroid Diseases']
| 142,668
|
[['C17.800.030.150', 'C17.800.794.111'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['B01.050'], ['F03.084.500'], ['C17.800.174.600', 'C20.543.206.380', 'C25.100.468.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.550'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C16.131.831.512', 'C16.614.492', 'C17.800.428.333', 'C17.800.804.512'], ['C16.320.850.475', 'C17.800.428.435', 'C17.800.827.475'], ['D01.268.549.450', 'D01.268.557.290', 'D01.552.528.480', 'D01.552.547.290'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C17.800.685', 'C23.888.885.625'], ['C17.800.859.675'], ['C19.874']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Peritonitis during the first year after commencement of peritoneal dialysis has an impact on technique survival and patient morbidity.
|
The timing of the first episode of peritonitis in peritoneal dialysis (PD) might have some special characteristics and may depend on many factors such as a patient's attitudes, age, comorbidity, or training capacity. It may also have a significant impact on further peritonitis episodes and technique failure. We retrospectively analyzed data for 168 PD patients who were undergoing continuous ambulatory PD by a twin-bag system, automated PD, or in-center intermittent PD over 12 years. There were 121 cases of peritonitis recorded in 60 patients, with an overall peritonitis rate of 1 episode per 45.75 patient-months. The mean time to the first episode of peritonitis after commencement of PD was 26.4 +/- 22 months (range: 1-110 months). In 20 patients, a first peritonitis episode presented rather early--during the first 12 months on PD (group A)--and in 27 patients, a first episode presented rather late-after at least 24 months on PD (group B). Group A had lower technique survival (30.4 +/- 26.5 months), were more prone to further episodes of peritonitis during follow-up, and had a total peritonitis rate of 1 episode per 14.85 patient-months. In group B, technique survival was longer (69.3 +/- 33.8 months), and the total peritonitis rate was 1 episode per 45.68 patient-months. We observed no differences between the two groups in comorbidity, age, or PD modality. These results indicate that patients with early-onset peritonitis are prone to making mistakes during connection, resulting usually in infection with gram-positive pathogens. These patients may present repeated peritonitis episodes and experience decreased technique survival.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Humans', 'Middle Aged', 'Peritoneal Dialysis', 'Peritonitis', 'Survival Analysis', 'Time Factors']
| 16,983,939
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E02.870.300.650', 'E02.912.800.650'], ['C01.463.600', 'C06.844.640'], ['E05.318.740.998', 'N05.715.360.750.795', 'N06.850.520.830.998'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
A symplectic integration method for elastic filaments.
|
A new method is proposed for integrating the equations of motion of an elastic filament. In the standard finite-difference and finite-element formulations the continuum equations of motion are discretized in space and time, but it is then difficult to ensure that the Hamiltonian structure of the exact equations is preserved. Here we discretize the Hamiltonian itself, expressed as a line integral over the contour of the filament. This discrete representation of the continuum filament can then be integrated by one of the explicit symplectic integrators frequently used in molecular dynamics. The model systematically approximates the continuum partial differential equations, but has the same level of computational complexity as molecular dynamics and is constraint-free. Numerical tests show that the algorithm is much more stable than a finite-difference formulation and can be used for high aspect ratio filaments, such as actin.
|
['Algorithms', 'Elasticity', 'Kinetics', 'Models, Molecular', 'Movement']
| 19,334,891
|
[['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['G01.374.590'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['E05.599.595'], ['G07.568', 'G11.427.410']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Colonization by fragments of the submerged macrophyte Myriophyllum spicatum under different sediment type and density conditions.
|
In this paper, the effect of plant density, sediment type, and macrophyte fragment size on the fragment colonization ability of Myriophyllum spicatum was evaluated in an outdoor experiment. The relative growth rate (RGR) was higher in the mud and low-density treatments than in the sand and high-density treatments. The relative elongation rate (RER) decreased with increasing density and fragment size, with RER values being much higher in the mud than the sand treatments. Both branching number and shoot diameter increased with decreasing density and increasing fragment size, and were significantly higher in the mud than the sand treatments. The shoot : root ratio was higher in the mud treatments than in the sand treatments. Total N content in both the shoot and root was significantly higher in the mud and low-density treatments than in the sand and high-density treatments. Shoot P content only decreased with increasing density, while root P content was higher in the mud and low-density treatments than in the sand and high-density treatments. These data indicate that fragment colonization by M. spicatum is improved by large fragments, low density, and nutrient-rich sediments, and that these conditions contribute to the rapid population expansion of this species.
|
['Aquatic Organisms', 'Introduced Species', 'Magnoliopsida', 'Plant Shoots', 'Reproduction', 'Rhizome', 'Seeds']
| 26,134,529
|
[['B05.080', 'G16.500.275.725.500.650.075'], ['B01.050.050.580', 'G16.500.275.157.049.400', 'N06.230.124.049.400'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250'], ['A18.024.875'], ['G08.686.784'], ['A18.024.937.750', 'A18.400.750'], ['A18.024.500.750', 'G07.203.300.775', 'J02.500.775']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
The nasopalatine duct cyst: an analysis of the relation between clinical symptoms, cyst dimensions, and involvement of neighboring anatomical structures using cone beam computed tomography.
|
PURPOSE: This study evaluates the dimensions of nasopalatine duct cysts (NPDCs) and the involvement of neighboring anatomical structures using standardized limited cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and a possible correlation to the patient's age, gender, preoperative symptoms, and postsurgical complications.MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 25 patients with a confirmed histopathologic diagnosis of NPDC. Standardized measurements of NPDC dimensions were performed on sagittal, coronal, and axial CBCT sections. Maximas, minimas, mean, standard error of mean, and confidence intervals (95%) of all measurements were performed. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to analyze group differences and to assess any association between measurements and preoperative symptoms or postoperative complications.RESULTS: The patients' mean age was 49.5 years, and a male-to-female ratio of 2.1:1 was assessed. Mean cyst dimensions for men and for patients less than 50 years old tended to be higher, without statistical significance. The cyst dimensions had no statistically significant correlation to preoperative symptoms. Initial symptoms were present in all cases with a nasal defect, however. Most of the standardized cyst dimensions exhibited a statistically significant correlation to postoperative complications.CONCLUSIONS: The presence or the absence of symptoms does not correlate with the dimensions of an NPDC. With progressive size of the cyst, the risk for minor postsurgical complications increases.
|
['Adolescent', 'Age Factors', 'Aged', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Cone-Beam Computed Tomography', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Maxillary Diseases', 'Middle Aged', 'Nonodontogenic Cysts', 'Nose Diseases', 'Palate, Hard', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Risk Factors', 'Sex Factors', 'Statistics, Nonparametric']
| 21,398,010
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['E01.370.350.700.810.810.490', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810.399'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C05.500.693', 'C07.320.660'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04.182.089.530.660', 'C05.500.470.660', 'C07.320.450.640'], ['C08.460', 'C09.603'], ['A02.835.232.781.324.502.660', 'A14.521.658.660', 'A14.549.617.660'], ['C23.550.767'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['N05.715.350.675', 'N06.850.490.875'], ['E05.318.740.995', 'N05.715.360.750.760', 'N06.850.520.830.995']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Simple and novel method for measuring conduction velocity of A delta fibers in humans.
|
We report a simple new method for measuring the conduction velocity (CV) of A delta fibers in normal subjects. A large positive component of somatosensory evoked potential (SEP) whose peak latency was approximately 250 ms was clearly recorded only when strong electrical stimulation causing a definite painful feeling was applied to the skin. The CV of the peripheral nerve was calculated by measuring the latency difference of this component between the distal-stimulated SEP and proximal-stimulated SEP and the distance between two stimulus sites. The CV was approximately 11.4 m/s, (range 8.8-15.9 m/s), in the range of A delta fibers. The sleep effect on pain-related SEP was also observed in 3 subjects. The amplitude of pain-related SEP decreased with the progress of sleep stage. This simple and novel method is available in most clinics and should be very useful in investigating the physiologic functions of peripheral nerves in patients as well as normal subjects.
|
['Adult', 'Electric Stimulation', 'Evoked Potentials, Somatosensory', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Leg', 'Male', 'Nerve Fibers', 'Neural Conduction', 'Neurophysiology', 'Pain', 'Peripheral Nerves', 'Reaction Time', 'Sleep', 'Time Factors']
| 9,563,582
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E05.723.402'], ['G07.265.216.500.400', 'G11.561.200.500.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A01.378.610.500'], ['A08.675.542', 'A11.671.501'], ['G07.265.753', 'G11.561.601'], ['H01.158.610.268', 'H01.158.782.562'], ['C23.888.592.612', 'F02.830.816.444', 'G11.561.790.444'], ['A08.800.800'], ['E05.796.817', 'F02.830.650', 'F04.669.817', 'G11.561.677'], ['F02.830.855', 'G11.561.803'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Risk of attempted suicide among adolescents and young adults with traumatic brain injury: A nationwide longitudinal study.
|
BACKGROUND: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) and suicidal behavior lead to serious morbidity and premature mortality. TBI in adulthood is associated with a higher incidence of suicide, but the risk in adolescents and young adults is not clear.METHODS: Longitudinal follow-up data were extracted from a National Health Insurance Research Database. Adolescents and young adults (12-29 years old) with and without TBI (1:4) were included, and the incidences of following attempted suicide were analyzed. The association of TBI severity, repeated TBI, and comorbid psychiatric disorders with attempted suicide were also investigated.RESULTS: Overall, 31,599 and 126,396 subjects were enrolled in the TBI and control cohorts, respectively. The overall incidence of attempted suicide was significantly higher in the TBI cohort than in the control cohort (4.6% versus 1.0%, P < 0.001). The age at first suicide attempt was also lower in the TBI cohort (25.71 ± 5.25 versus 28.99 ± 5.26 years, P < 0.001). After adjusting for confounding factors, severe TBI, repeated TBI, female, younger age at TBI, and comorbid psychiatric conditions (unipolar depression, bipolar disorder, alcohol and substance use disorders) were associated with higher risks of attempted suicide. Long-term cumulative risks of attempted suicide were significantly elevated in the TBI cohort (P < 0.001).LIMITATION: Access to individual's detailed medical record was not available.CONCLUSION: TBI is associated with an elevated risk of attempted suicide in adolescents and young adults. TBI severity, repetitive injury, female, younger age at injury, and certain psychiatric comorbidities are independent risk factors.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Age Factors', 'Bipolar Disorder', 'Brain Injuries, Traumatic', 'Child', 'Cohort Studies', 'Comorbidity', 'Depressive Disorder', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Incidence', 'Longitudinal Studies', 'Male', 'Risk Factors', 'Sex Factors', 'Substance-Related Disorders', 'Suicide, Attempted', 'Young Adult']
| 30,826,490
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['F03.084.500'], ['C10.228.140.199.444', 'C10.900.300.087.235', 'C26.915.300.200.194'], ['M01.060.406'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['N05.715.350.225', 'N06.850.490.687'], ['F03.600.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.375', 'N01.224.935.597.500', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.375', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.375'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.500'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['N05.715.350.675', 'N06.850.490.875'], ['C25.775', 'F03.900'], ['F01.145.126.980.875.600', 'I01.880.735.856.600'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Profiling the RNA editomes of wild-type C. elegans and ADAR mutants.
|
RNA editing increases transcriptome diversity through post-transcriptional modifications of RNA. Adenosine deaminases that act on RNA (ADARs) catalyze the adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) conversion, the most common type of RNA editing in higher eukaryotes. Caenorhabditis elegans has two ADARs, ADR-1 and ADR-2, but their functions remain unclear. Here, we profiled the RNA editomes of C. elegans at different developmental stages of wild-type and ADAR mutants. We developed a new computational pipeline with a "bisulfite-seq-mapping-like" step and achieved a threefold increase in identification sensitivity. A total of 99.5% of the 47,660 A-to-I editing sites were found in clusters. Of the 3080 editing clusters, 65.7% overlapped with DNA transposons in noncoding regions and 73.7% could form hairpin structures. The numbers of editing sites and clusters were highest at the L1 and embryonic stages. The editing frequency of a cluster positively correlated with the number of editing sites within it. Intriguingly, for 80% of the clusters with 10 or more editing sites, almost all expressed transcripts were edited. Deletion of adr-1 reduced the editing frequency but not the number of editing clusters, whereas deletion of adr-2 nearly abolished RNA editing, indicating a modulating role of ADR-1 and an essential role of ADR-2 in A-to-I editing. Quantitative proteomics analysis showed that adr-2 mutant worms altered the abundance of proteins involved in aging and lifespan regulation. Consistent with this finding, we observed that worms lacking RNA editing were short-lived. Taken together, our results reveal a sophisticated landscape of RNA editing and distinct modes of action of different ADARs.
|
['Adenosine', 'Adenosine Deaminase', 'Animals', 'Base Sequence', 'Caenorhabditis elegans', 'Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins', 'Chromosome Mapping', 'Computational Biology', 'DNA Transposable Elements', 'Evaluation Studies as Topic', 'Gene Deletion', 'Genetic Association Studies', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Multigene Family', 'Nucleic Acid Conformation', 'Polynucleotide Adenylyltransferase', 'Proteomics', 'RNA Editing', 'RNA, Helminth', 'Sequence Analysis, RNA', 'Transcriptome']
| 25,373,143
|
[['D03.633.100.759.590.138', 'D13.570.583.138', 'D13.570.800.096'], ['D08.811.277.151.486.075'], ['B01.050'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['B01.050.500.500.294.400.875.660.250.250'], ['D12.776.419.500'], ['E05.393.183'], ['H01.158.273.180', 'L01.313.124'], ['D13.444.308.520', 'G02.111.570.080.708.330.200', 'G05.360.080.708.330.200', 'G05.360.340.024.425.200'], ['E05.337', 'N05.715.360.335'], ['G05.365.590.762.320', 'G05.558.800.320'], ['E05.393.385'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.645'], ['G02.111.570.820.486', 'G05.360.580'], ['D08.811.913.696.445.650'], ['H01.158.201.843', 'H01.158.273.180.350.700', 'H01.158.273.343.350.700', 'H01.181.122.738'], ['G02.111.760.250', 'G03.839.250', 'G05.308.700.250'], ['D13.444.735.520'], ['E05.393.760.710'], ['G02.111.873.750', 'G05.297.700.750', 'G05.360.920']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
[Adenomatous tissue in colorectal carcinomas: clinical significance and probable histogenetic implications of morphological differences].
|
In this study we tested the hypothesis that colorectal cancers containing adenoma (CCA) could be a different entity from colon cancers without adenoma (CSA). Clinical data, histologic preparations of operative specimens and survival of 210 patients who underwent resective surgery for colorectal cancer were studied. Adenomatous tissue within the cancer was found in 62 of 210 carcinomas (CCA), the other 148 cancers were lacking adenomatous features (CSA). CCA occurred more frequently in female patients (p = 0.003). Synchronous adenomas were detected in the resected colon of 19 out 62 CCA and of 24 out 148 CSA (p = 0.04). CCA showed the extent of intraparietal spread (p = 0.001), grade (p = 0.007) and stage (p = 0.004) lower than CSA. These characteristics also appeared statistically related to size of the cancers. The adenomatous tissue within CCA was tubular in 4 cases, tubulo-villous in 34 and villous in 24 cases. The villous histotype was statistically related to the older age of patients (p < 0.0001), larger cancer size (p = 0.01), presence of synchronous adenomas in the resected colon (p = 0.02) and higher histologic grade of the cancer (p < 0.05). Patients with CCA evidenced a higher 5-year survival rate (p = 0.02). Our results evidence epidemiologic, clinical and pathologic differences between CCA and CSA and suggest a possible double histogenesis of colon cancer.
|
['Adenoma', 'Adenoma, Villous', 'Age Factors', 'Colorectal Neoplasms', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Time Factors']
| 9,148,207
|
[['C04.557.470.035'], ['C04.557.470.035.185'], ['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['C04.588.274.476.411.307', 'C06.301.371.411.307', 'C06.405.249.411.307', 'C06.405.469.158.356', 'C06.405.469.491.307', 'C06.405.469.860.180'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Root angle modifications by the DRO1
|
The root system architecture (RSA) of crops can affect their production, particularly in abiotic stress conditions, such as with drought, waterlogging, and salinity. Salinity is a growing problem worldwide that negatively impacts on crop productivity, and it is believed that yields could be improved if RSAs that enabled plants to avoid saline conditions were identified. Here, we have demonstrated, through the cloning and characterization of qSOR1 (quantitative trait locus for SOIL SURFACE ROOTING 1), that a shallower root growth angle (RGA) could enhance rice yields in saline paddies. qSOR1 is negatively regulated by auxin, predominantly expressed in root columella cells, and involved in the gravitropic responses of roots. qSOR1 was found to be a homolog of DRO1 (DEEPER ROOTING 1), which is known to control RGA. CRISPR-Cas9 assays revealed that other DRO1 homologs were also involved in RGA. Introgression lines with combinations of gain-of-function and loss-of-function alleles in qSOR1 and DRO1 demonstrated four different RSAs (ultra-shallow, shallow, intermediate, and deep rooting), suggesting that natural alleles of the DRO1 homologs could be utilized to control RSA variations in rice. In saline paddies, near-isogenic lines carrying the qSOR1 loss-of-function allele had soil-surface roots (SOR) that enabled rice to avoid the reducing stresses of saline soils, resulting in increased yields compared to the parental cultivars without SOR. Our findings suggest that DRO1 homologs are valuable targets for RSA breeding and could lead to improved rice production in environments characterized by abiotic stress.
|
['Alleles', 'Arabidopsis Proteins', 'Droughts', 'Indoleacetic Acids', 'Nuclear Proteins', 'Oryza', 'Phenotype', 'Plant Roots', 'Quantitative Trait Loci']
| 32,817,523
|
[['G05.360.340.024.340.030'], ['D12.776.765.149'], ['G16.500.175.781', 'G16.500.750.775.154', 'N06.230.100.230.150'], ['D03.066.288', 'D03.633.100.473.404'], ['D12.776.660'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.822.616'], ['G05.695'], ['A18.400'], ['G05.360.340.024.380.937']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Serine protease inhibitor kunitz-type 2 is downregulated in myelodysplastic syndromes and modulates cell-cell adhesion.
|
Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are clonal disorders involving hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) characterized by ineffective hematopoiesis. In addition to HSC defects, a defective hematopoiesis supporting capacity of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) in the microenvironment niche has been implicated in MDS pathophysiology. The interaction between the dysfunctional MSCs MDS and HSC regulates diverse adhesion-related processes, such as progenitor cell survival, proliferation, differentiation, and self-renewal. As previously reported, a microarray analysis identified serine protease inhibitor kunitz-type 2 (SPINT2), an inhibitor of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) activation, to be downregulated in MSCs from MDS patients. To define the role of SPINT2 in MDS hematopoietic microenvironment, an analysis of the effect of SPINT2 silencing in MSCs was carried out. We herein reported significantly lower levels of SPINT2 whereas HGF was expressed at higher levels in MSCs from MDS patients compared with healthy controls. SPINT2 underexpression results in an increased expression, production, and secretion of HGF and stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1) by MSCs. An increased adhesion of normal HSC or malignant cells onto MSCs silenced for SPINT2 was also observed. The altered MSCs adhesion in SPINT2-knockdown cells was correlated with increased CD49b and CD49d expression and with a decrease in CD49e expression. Our results suggest that the SPINT2 underexpression in the MSC from MDS patients is probably involved in the adhesion of progenitors to the bone marrow niche, through an increased HGF and SDF-1 signaling pathway.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Cell Adhesion', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Cell Survival', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Chemokine CXCL12', 'Down-Regulation', 'Female', 'Gene Knockdown Techniques', 'Hematopoietic Stem Cells', 'Hepatocyte Growth Factor', 'Humans', 'Integrin alpha5', 'Male', 'Membrane Glycoproteins', 'Mesenchymal Stem Cells', 'Middle Aged', 'Myelodysplastic Syndromes']
| 24,410,667
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['G04.022'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['G04.346'], ['A11.251'], ['D12.644.276.374.200.120.600', 'D12.776.467.374.200.120.600', 'D23.125.300.120.600', 'D23.469.200.120.600', 'D23.529.374.200.120.600'], ['G02.111.240', 'G05.308.200', 'G07.690.773.937'], ['E05.393.335.500'], ['A11.148.378', 'A11.872.378', 'A15.378.316.378'], ['D12.644.276.374.420', 'D12.776.467.374.420', 'D23.529.374.420'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.408.100.500'], ['D12.776.395.550', 'D12.776.543.550'], ['A11.329.830.500', 'A11.872.590.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C15.378.190.625']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
A complex interaction of imprinted and maternal-effect genes modifies sex determination in Odd Sex (Ods) mice.
|
The transgenic insertional mouse mutation Odd Sex (Ods) represents a model for the long-range regulation of Sox9. The mutation causes complete female-to-male sex reversal by inducing a male-specific expression pattern of Sox9 in XX Ods/+ embryonic gonads. We previously described an A/J strain-specific suppressor of Ods termed Odsm1(A). Here we show that phenotypic sex depends on a complex interaction between the suppressor and the transgene. Suppression can be achieved only if the transgene is transmitted paternally. In addition, the suppressor itself exhibits a maternal effect, suggesting that it may act on chromatin in the early embryo.
|
['Animals', 'Crosses, Genetic', 'Female', 'Genomic Imprinting', 'Inbreeding', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Pedigree', 'Sex Determination Processes']
| 15,579,706
|
[['B01.050'], ['E05.393.281'], ['G05.308.203.500'], ['E05.820.150.520', 'G05.090.403'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['E05.393.673'], ['G05.813', 'G07.345.500.325.377.812', 'G07.345.750.437', 'G08.686.841.437']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Phenol concentrations in the air from disinfection solutions.
|
Phenol concentrations in the air near phenol disinfectant solutions were measured. The concentration of phenol was not excessive, except for hot solutions with which exposure would normally be for a very short time. Adverse physiological reactions may occur at air levels below the threshold limit values which may be especially hazardous to those persons exposed to organisms causing respiratory diseases.
|
['Air Pollution', 'Antipyrine', 'Disinfectants', 'Environmental Exposure', 'Indicators and Reagents', 'Occupational Diseases', 'Phenols', 'Pyrazoles', 'Sterilization', 'Temperature']
| 5,137,587
|
[['N06.850.460.100'], ['D03.383.129.539.850.088'], ['D27.505.954.122.425', 'D27.720.274'], ['N06.850.460.350'], ['D27.720.470.410'], ['C24'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.657'], ['D03.383.129.539'], ['N06.850.780.200.450.850'], ['G01.906.595', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710', 'G16.500.750.775.710', 'N06.230.150.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
A microPET comparison of the effects of etifoxine and diazepam on [(11)C]flumazenil uptake in rat brains.
|
Using positron emission tomography (PET), the present study assessed the binding of [(11)C]flumazenil to GABA-A receptors in anesthetized rats following a single intravenous injection of an active dose of either etifoxine (25mg/kg) or diazepam (1mg/kg), which are both anxiolytic drugs. [(11)C]flumazenil binding was measured in five discrete brain structures, namely the caudate putamen, hippocampus, cerebellum, occipital cortex and parietal cortex. As expected, diazepam injection produced a significant decrease in [(11)C]flumazenil binding, which was interpreted as benzodiazepine GABA-A receptor occupancy, whereas etifoxine increased the binding of [(11)C]flumazenil. This first use of in vivo imaging after etifoxine administration revealed the activated binding pattern of [(11)C]flumazenil and highlighted the pharmacological differences between etifoxine and benzodiazepines. Using the same [(11)C]flumazenil radiotracer, PET neuroimaging could be applied to larger animals and, ultimately, to human subjects, thus providing new perspectives for better defining the molecular pharmacology of etifoxine.
|
['Animals', 'Anti-Anxiety Agents', 'Brain', 'Carbon Isotopes', 'Diazepam', 'Flumazenil', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Oxazines', 'Positron-Emission Tomography', 'Protein Binding', 'Radiopharmaceuticals', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Receptors, GABA-A']
| 26,644,334
|
[['B01.050'], ['D27.505.696.277.950.015', 'D27.505.954.427.210.950.015', 'D27.505.954.427.700.872.015'], ['A08.186.211'], ['D01.268.150.075', 'D01.496.123'], ['D03.633.100.079.080.070.216'], ['D03.633.100.079.080.070.305'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['D03.383.533'], ['E01.370.350.350.800.700', 'E01.370.350.600.350.800.399', 'E01.370.350.710.800.399', 'E01.370.350.825.800.399', 'E01.370.384.730.800.399'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808'], ['D27.505.259.843', 'D27.505.519.871', 'D27.720.470.410.650'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900'], ['D12.776.157.530.400.175.562', 'D12.776.157.530.400.400.100.100', 'D12.776.543.550.450.175.562', 'D12.776.543.550.450.500.100.100', 'D12.776.543.585.400.175.562', 'D12.776.543.585.400.500.100.100', 'D12.776.543.750.130.500', 'D12.776.543.750.720.200.300.300']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The role of age in treatment-related adverse events in patients with head and neck cancer: A systematic review.
|
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is often diagnosed in advanced stage and therefore requires aggressive, multimodal treatment. Elderly patients are often excluded from standard therapy regimens purely based on age. This clinical review aims to collect all published data in the literature on treatment modality selection in elderly patients and on age-related adverse events following treatment of HNSCC. We performed a literature search for articles on the treatment of HNSCC in elderly patients. Most of the articles were retrospective studies with the consequent limitations. It can be concluded that age is not an absolute contraindication for intensive treatment and comorbidity is an important predictor of outcome, but not the only one. Despite the existence of multiple tools for pretreatment evaluation, there are not consistent data on their use.
|
['Age Factors', 'Aged', 'Carcinoma, Squamous Cell', 'Combined Modality Therapy', 'Comorbidity', 'Enhanced Recovery After Surgery', 'Frailty', 'Geriatric Assessment', 'Head and Neck Neoplasms', 'Humans', 'Neoplasm Metastasis', 'Neoplasm Recurrence, Local', 'Operative Time', 'Patient Selection', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Prognosis', 'Social Support']
| 30,737,976
|
[['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C04.557.470.200.400', 'C04.557.470.700.400'], ['E02.186'], ['N05.715.350.225', 'N06.850.490.687'], ['E04.604.125'], ['C23.550.359'], ['E05.318.308.225', 'I01.240.425.350', 'N01.224.425.350', 'N05.715.360.300.360', 'N06.850.505.400.425.350', 'N06.850.520.308.225'], ['C04.588.443'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.697.650', 'C23.550.727.650'], ['C04.697.655', 'C23.550.727.655'], ['E04.614.374.500', 'N02.421.585.753.374.500'], ['E05.581.500.653', 'N04.590.731'], ['C23.550.767'], ['E01.789'], ['I01.880.853.500.600']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
The Wnt1 ligand/Frizzled 3 receptor system plays a regulatory role in the achievement of the 'in vitro' capacitation and subsequent 'in vitro' acrosome exocytosis of porcine spermatozoa.
|
The aim of this work was to determine the existence of a functional Wnt/â-catenin signaling pathway in boar spermatozoa, which would be linked with the already well-known GSK-3 signaling pathway. This was first confirmed by detecting the presence of the specific Frizzled 3 receptor in these cells. Furthermore, this signaling pathway was activated in boar spermatozoa subjected to 'in vitro' capacitation (IVC) and subsequent progesterone-induced 'in vitro' acrosome exocytosis (IVAE) by incubating cells with separate concentrations of Wnt1 ligand, the Wnt/â-catenin signaling pathway-specific effector. Incubation with the Wnt1 ligand increased the rhythm of the time-dependent reduction in sperm viability during the achievement of both IVC and IVAE. This finding was concomitant with an increase in the percentage of spermatozoa with altered membrane fluidity and permeability determined through both merocyanine-540 and YO-PRO-1 stains. While the Wnt1 ligand did not affect total sperm motility during the achievement of the IVC, it induced a fast and transient increase in the overall motility patterns in spermatozoa subjected to IVAE. This IVAE-linked action was related to a decrease in the percentage of cells with high mitochondrial membrane potential and an increase in the percentage of cells with high intracellular Fluo-3-marked Ca(2+) content. In conclusion, our results suggest that the Wnt1 ligand-modulated Wnt/â-catenin signaling pathway plays a relevant role in the modulation of both IVC and subsequent, progesterone-induced IVAE. Furthermore, our data indicate that the transduction pathways by which the Wnt1 ligand acts on IVC and IVAE are different, and that the Wnt/â-catenin pathway is independent from GSK-3 activity in the achievement of IVC.
|
['Animals', 'Exocytosis', 'Frizzled Receptors', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Male', 'Sperm Capacitation', 'Swine', 'Wnt1 Protein']
| 25,656,424
|
[['B01.050'], ['G04.468'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.017', 'D12.776.543.750.850.500'], ['E05.481'], ['G08.686.784.277.760'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.880'], ['D12.776.467.984.100', 'D12.776.624.664.700.967', 'D23.529.984.100']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Efficacy of the application of a coating composed of chitosan and Origanum vulgare L. essential oil to control Rhizopus stolonifer and Aspergillus niger in grapes (Vitis labrusca L.).
|
This study evaluated the efficacy of the combined application of chitosan (CHI) and Origanum vulgare L. essential oil (OV) in the inhibition of Rhizopus stolonifer URM 3728 and Aspergillus niger URM 5842 on laboratory media and on grapes (Vitis labrusca L.) and its influence on the physical, physicochemical and sensory characteristics of the fruits during storage (25 °C, 12 days and 12 °C, 24 days). The application of mixtures of different CHI and OV concentrations (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration - MIC, 1/2 MIC and 1/4 MIC) inhibited the mycelial growth of the test fungi. The application of CHI and OV at sub-inhibitory concentrations (CHI 1/2 MIC + OV 1/4 MIC; CHI 1/2 MIC + OV 1/2 MIC) inhibited spore germination and caused morphological changes in fungal spores and mycelia, in addition to inhibiting the growth of the assayed fungi strains in artificially infected grapes as well as the autochthonous mycoflora of grapes stored at both room and cold temperature. In general, the application of a coating composed of CHI and OV at sub-inhibitory concentrations preserved the quality of grapes as measured by their physical and physicochemical attributes, while some of their sensory attributes improved throughout the assessed storage time. These results demonstrate the potential of the combination of CHI and OV at sub-inhibitory concentrations to control post-harvest pathogenic fungi in fruits, in particular, R. stolonifer and A. niger in grapes.
|
['Aspergillus niger', 'Chitosan', 'Food Preservation', 'Food Storage', 'Fruit', 'Microbial Sensitivity Tests', 'Mycelium', 'Oils, Volatile', 'Origanum', 'Plant Extracts', 'Rhizopus', 'Spores, Fungal', 'Vitis']
| 22,986,200
|
[['B01.300.381.081.450'], ['D05.750.078.139.500', 'D09.698.211.500'], ['J01.576.423.850.700'], ['J01.576.423.200.387'], ['A18.024.500', 'G07.203.300.562', 'J02.500.562'], ['E01.370.225.875.595', 'E05.200.875.595', 'E05.337.550.400'], ['A19.687'], ['D10.627.675'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.583.520.702'], ['D20.215.784.500', 'D26.667'], ['B01.300.300.500.800'], ['A11.870.710', 'A19.374.500', 'B05.775.710'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.965.500']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Suicide attempts in Brittany (France). Distribution at the regional level].
|
UNLABELLED: A prospective study on para-suicide has been conducted in all 4 "d?partements" of a french region, Brittany. This paper analyses the distribution of the sociodemographic data collected in one of the "d?partement" of the region, Ille-et-Vilaine. The comparison between urban and rural areas is presented.INCLUSION CRITERIA: Parasuicide was defined as any autoaggressive act which required to be taken in charge either medically or surgically, independently of the nature and seriousness of the somatic consequences. Patients included in the study were over ten years of age.ANALYSIS: Three types of ratios have been calculated: the crude incidence ratios obtained by dividing the total number of events of parasuicide (including repeated admissions for the same individual) by the number of individuals in the catchment area; the age-specific ratios, for which the denominator consists of all the persons of particular age-group in the area and the standardized ratios, for which the total number of parasuicide events in each "d?partement" has been reported to the french population (general population census 1990) taken as a reference, in order to eliminate the influence of the age structure. Comparisons between the general population and the one of parasuicidal patients in the area, were done using a chi-square test. GEOGRAPHICAL COMPARISON: Crude incidence rates of parasuicides calculated for each "d?partement" in Brittany are compared with recent figures published for other parts of France.RESULTS: 2,040 persons domiciled in the "d?partement" were admitted in one of the emergency wards of Ille-et-Vilaine during the year 1990. The crude incidence rates of parasuicides in Ille-et-Villaine was of 2.4/1,000 for men and 3.8/1,000 for women, 3.7/1,000 for men and 5.4/1,000 for women residing in the town of Rennes. The sex ratio is 1.8 female/male in the "d?partement" and 1.7 in town. DEMOGRAPHIC DATA: In the male group, the incidence ratio was maximum for the 25-34 years old (4.2/1,000). In the female group, there was no significant difference between the ratio for the 15-24 and the 25-34 years old (5.9/1,000). For each age group, the ratios are higher for the women. The specific rates of parasuicide calculated in the breton towns of more than 50,000 inhabitants are twice as high as those calculated for the whole region. MARITAL STATUS: The marital status is correlated to the incidence rates of parasuicide events for both sexes (p < 0.001). The incidence of parasuicide is higher for married, single and/or divorced women than for men. One notes the high impact of divorce on parasuicide events for men (10.1/1/1,000) and women (11.8/1,000). The correlation is significative (p < 0.001). In contrast, rates of parasuicides are higher for widows than for widowers. OCCUPATION: The incidence rate of parasuicide is 8 times higher for unemployed men and twice as high for unemployed women than for those having an occupation (regular or temporary). Unemployment is significatively linked with the occurrence of parasuicides (p < 0.001). PLACE OF ABODE: Comparative rates in towns (calculated for both sexes together) and twice as high as those observed in rural districts. GEOGRAPHICAL COMPARISON: The crude incidence rates in various french "d?partement" vary from 0.8 to 2.4/1,000 for men and from 1.7 to 3.8/1,000 for women. The highest rates are observed for both sexes in Ille-et-Vilaine. In Rennes, the standardized ratios of parasuicide among men are maximum for the 35-44 years old (7.68/1,000) and decrease drastically after the age of 45. Among the women, the ratios are nearly identical for the 25-34 and the 35-44 years old (9.90 and 9.87/1,000).CONCLUSION: The survey conducted in 1990 confirms the overall conclusions drawn in previous surveys on parasuicide in France or in other countries. The distribution of the incidence rates of parasuicide among single and unemployed and the percentages of single or unemployed persons is weak but not at random. An increase of the incidence rates among single women and unemployed men is concomitant with higher percentages of single women and unemployed men in the general population. One cannot infer the existence of a cause effect relationship, and these indicators may only be confounding factors.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Catchment Area, Health', 'Child', 'Female', 'France', 'Humans', 'Incidence', 'Male', 'Marital Status', 'Middle Aged', 'Occupations', 'Prevalence', 'Prospective Studies', 'Rural Population', 'Sex Distribution', 'Suicide, Attempted', 'Urban Population']
| 12,404,781
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['N01.224.791.200', 'N03.349.650.095', 'N06.850.505.400.800.200'], ['M01.060.406'], ['Z01.542.286'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.375', 'N01.224.935.597.500', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.375', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.375'], ['F01.829.263.315.500', 'I01.240.361.500', 'I01.880.853.150.423.500', 'N01.224.361.500', 'N01.824.308.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['N01.824.547'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['N01.600.725'], ['I01.240.800', 'N01.224.803', 'N06.850.505.400.850'], ['F01.145.126.980.875.600', 'I01.880.735.856.600'], ['N01.600.900']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Depopulation of dense á-synuclein aggregates is associated with rescue of dopamine neuron dysfunction and death in a new Parkinson's disease model.
|
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by the presence of á-synuclein aggregates known as Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites, whose formation is linked to disease development. The causal relation between á-synuclein aggregates and PD is not well understood. We generated a new transgenic mouse line (MI2) expressing human, aggregation-prone truncated 1-120 á-synuclein under the control of the tyrosine hydroxylase promoter. MI2 mice exhibit progressive aggregation of á-synuclein in dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta and their striatal terminals. This is associated with a progressive reduction of striatal dopamine release, reduced striatal innervation and significant nigral dopaminergic nerve cell death starting from 6 and 12 months of age, respectively. In the MI2 mice, alterations in gait impairment can be detected by the DigiGait test from 9 months of age, while gross motor deficit was detected by rotarod test at 20 months of age when 50% of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta are lost. These changes were associated with an increase in the number and density of 20-500 nm á-synuclein species as shown by dSTORM. Treatment with the oligomer modulator anle138b, from 9 to 12 months of age, restored striatal dopamine release, prevented dopaminergic cell death and gait impairment. These effects were associated with a reduction of the inner density of large á-synuclein aggregates and an increase in dispersed small á-synuclein species as revealed by dSTORM. The MI2 mouse model recapitulates the progressive dopaminergic deficit observed in PD, showing that early synaptic dysfunction is associated to fine behavioral motor alterations, precedes dopaminergic axonal loss and neuronal death that become associated with a more consistent motor deficit upon reaching a certain threshold. Our data also provide new mechanistic insight for the effect of anle138b's function in vivo supporting that targeting á-synuclein aggregation is a promising therapeutic approach for PD.
|
['Animals', 'Cell Death', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Dopaminergic Neurons', 'Gait', 'Mice', 'Mice, Transgenic', 'Motor Activity', 'Parkinson Disease', 'Protein Aggregation, Pathological', 'Substantia Nigra', 'Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase', 'alpha-Synuclein']
| 31,165,254
|
[['B01.050'], ['G04.146'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['A08.675.278', 'A11.671.270'], ['E01.370.600.250', 'G11.427.410.568.900.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.136.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800'], ['F01.145.632', 'G11.427.410.698'], ['C10.228.140.079.862.500', 'C10.228.662.600.400', 'C10.574.928.750'], ['C23.550.770', 'G02.111.675'], ['A08.186.211.132.659.413.656'], ['D08.811.682.690.708.923', 'D12.776.556.579.374.925'], ['D12.776.631.860.500', 'D12.776.637.500']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
LcrF is the temperature-regulated activator of the yadA gene of Yersinia enterocolitica and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis.
|
The virulence plasmid of human pathogenic Yersinia species, pYV, encodes secreted proteins, Yop proteins, and an outer membrane protein, YadA. YadA has been associated with binding to a variety of substrates and with interference with host defense. YadA is regulated by temperature and is expressed only at 37 degrees C. Unlike the yop regulon, the yadA gene is not under Ca2+ regulation. Here, we show that LcrF (VirF), the temperature-regulated activator of the yop regulon, also acts as an activator for yadA.
|
['Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins', 'Base Sequence', 'Cloning, Molecular', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial', 'Genes, Bacterial', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Oligodeoxyribonucleotides', 'Plasmids', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Temperature', 'Yersinia enterocolitica', 'Yersinia pseudotuberculosis']
| 1,548,243
|
[['D12.776.097.120', 'D12.776.543.100'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['E05.393.220'], ['G05.308.300'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.364.249', 'G05.360.340.358.024.249', 'G05.360.340.358.207.249'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['D13.695.578.424.450'], ['G05.360.600'], ['E05.393.620.500'], ['G01.906.595', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710', 'G16.500.750.775.710', 'N06.230.150.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710'], ['B03.440.450.425.900.300', 'B03.660.250.150.950.160'], ['B03.440.450.425.900.615', 'B03.660.250.150.950.590']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Noncompliance and drug toxicity in black, poor, and aged patients.
|
Drug toxicity is a common medical problem. Continued increases in drug toxicity are related to the extensive, indiscriminate use of drugs. This is a national health problem which is caused partly by gaps in pharmacology as a basic and clinical science and partly by the rapid proliferation of drugs (the drug explosion) in the past 30 years. Socioeconomically disadvantaged (black, poor, and aged) patients are particularly vulnerable to compliance problems and drug toxicity. In this presentation we discuss the basis for this increased vulnerability and suggest strategies that practicing physicians can use to minimize both compliance problems and drug toxicity.
|
['African Americans', 'Aged', 'Humans', 'Patient Compliance', 'Poverty', 'Socioeconomic Factors', 'Toxicology', 'United States']
| 712,862
|
[['M01.686.508.100.100', 'M01.686.754.100'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.100.150.750.500.600', 'F01.145.488.887.500.600', 'N05.300.150.800.500.600'], ['I01.880.735.634', 'I01.880.853.996.535', 'N01.824.600'], ['I01.880.853.996', 'N01.824'], ['H01.158.891', 'H02.884'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Preclinical safety evaluation of cerivastatin, a novel HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor.
|
Cerivastatin is a new but structurally distinct 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitor ("statin"). It effectively decreases low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol at 1% of the doses of other currently available statins. The toxicology of cerivastatin was evaluated in a comprehensive program of studies including: (1) single- and multiple-dose toxicity studies in rats, mice, minipigs, dogs, and monkeys; (2) reproductive toxicity studies in rats and rabbits; (3) in vitro and in vivo mutagenicity assays in rats and mice; and (4) carcinogenicity studies in rats and mice. In addition, studies were undertaken to investigate the effects of cerivastatin on lens opacity, testicular tissue, and hemorrhage in dogs. Oral administration of single and multiple doses of cerivastatin over periods ranging from 4 weeks to 24 months was generally well tolerated. Adverse effects were similar to those observed with other statins and primarily involved the liver and muscle tissue. At the high doses used in the toxicologic studies, cerivastatin caused elevations in serum transaminases and creatine phosphokinase levels as well as some degeneration of muscle fibers in rats, mice, dogs, and minipigs. In dogs, the species most sensitive to statins, cerivastatin caused erosions and hemorrhages in the gastrointestinal tract, bleeding in the brain stem with fibroid degeneration of vessel walls in the choroid plexus, and lens opacity. Apart from minor morphologic changes in the testicular tissue of dogs--the only organ for which a comparably low margin of safety was observed--cerivastatin had no significant effects on the male or female reproductive system. Cerivastatin also caused no primary embryotoxic or teratogenic effects. With the exception of cerivastatin-induced effects on the eyes and testicles, administration of mevalonic acid reversed the toxicologic effects of cerivastatin, indicating that the toxic effects were related to its mode of action and not to any intrinsic toxicity of the molecule itself. There was no evidence that cerivastatin had any mutagenic effects and, in contrast to other statins, high doses of cerivastatin did not induce tumors in rats. The main metabolite of cerivastatin was well tolerated systemically in all animals, including dogs. Overall, cerivastatin has a similar toxicologic profile to other statins and is a well-tolerated HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor.
|
['Administration, Oral', 'Animals', 'Central Nervous System', 'Digestive System', 'Dogs', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Drug Evaluation, Preclinical', 'Eye', 'Female', 'Gonads', 'Haplorhini', 'Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors', 'Kidney', 'Liver', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Muscle, Skeletal', 'Pyridines', 'Rabbits', 'Rats', 'Safety', 'Swine', 'Swine, Miniature', 'Toxicity Tests']
| 9,737,641
|
[['E02.319.267.100'], ['B01.050'], ['A08.186'], ['A03'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.250.216.200'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['E05.290.750', 'E05.337.550'], ['A01.456.505.420', 'A09.371'], ['A05.360.576', 'A06.300.312'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400'], ['D27.505.519.186.071.202.370', 'D27.505.519.389.370', 'D27.505.954.557.500.202.370'], ['A05.810.453'], ['A03.620'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['A02.633.567', 'A10.690.552.500'], ['D03.383.725'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.968.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['N06.850.135.060.075'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.880'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.880.399.800'], ['E05.940']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Flight mechanics and control of escape manoeuvres in hummingbirds. II. Aerodynamic force production, flight control and performance limitations.
|
The superior manoeuvrability of hummingbirds emerges from complex interactions of specialized neural and physiological processes with the unique flight dynamics of flapping wings. Escape manoeuvring is an ecologically relevant, natural behaviour of hummingbirds, from which we can gain understanding into the functional limits of vertebrate locomotor capacity. Here, we extend our kinematic analysis of escape manoeuvres from a companion paper to assess two potential limiting factors of the manoeuvring performance of hummingbirds: (1) muscle mechanical power output and (2) delays in the neural sensing and control system. We focused on the magnificent hummingbird (Eugenes fulgens, 7.8 g) and the black-chinned hummingbird (Archilochus alexandri, 3.1 g), which represent large and small species, respectively. We first estimated the aerodynamic forces, moments and the mechanical power of escape manoeuvres using measured wing kinematics. Comparing active-manoeuvring and passive-damping aerodynamic moments, we found that pitch dynamics were lightly damped and dominated by the effect of inertia, while roll dynamics were highly damped. To achieve observed closed-loop performance, pitch manoeuvres required faster sensorimotor transduction, as hummingbirds can only tolerate half the delay allowed in roll manoeuvres. Accordingly, our results suggested that pitch control may require a more sophisticated control strategy, such as those based on prediction. For the magnificent hummingbird, we estimated that escape manoeuvres required muscle mass-specific power 4.5 times that during hovering. Therefore, in addition to the limitation imposed by sensorimotor delays, muscle power could also limit the performance of escape manoeuvres.
|
['Acceleration', 'Animals', 'Biomechanical Phenomena', 'Birds', 'Escape Reaction', 'Flight, Animal', 'Models, Biological', 'Muscles', 'Organ Size', 'Rotation', 'Time Factors', 'Uncertainty']
| 27,595,849
|
[['G01.482.107'], ['B01.050'], ['G01.154.090', 'G01.374.089'], ['B01.050.150.900.248'], ['F01.145.113.780.688', 'F01.145.367', 'F01.145.875.439.500.688', 'G07.568.500.590.688', 'G11.427.410.568.850.688'], ['G11.427.410.568.304', 'G11.427.410.698.416'], ['E05.599.395'], ['A02.633', 'A10.690'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.660', 'E05.041.124.715', 'G07.100.100.660', 'G07.345.249.690'], ['G01.482.703'], ['G01.910.857'], ['E05.318.740.600.900', 'F02.463.785.373.820', 'G17.680.875', 'N05.715.360.750.625.850', 'N06.850.520.830.600.900']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Survival from spinal cord injury.
|
Mean survival of 110.5 months (9 yr. 2.5 months) for spinal cord-injured persons who died between 1963 to 1976 compared favorable with the figure of 52.8 months (4 yr, 4.8 months) calculated in 1955 by Dietrick and Russi [1]. If suicides were not considered, then mean longevity for the deceased patients would be 126 months (10 yr, 6 months). The leading causes of death were related to the cardiovascular system, respiratory system, suicide and the urinary tract.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Cardiovascular Diseases', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Life Expectancy', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Paraplegia', 'Quadriplegia', 'Respiratory Tract Diseases', 'Spinal Cord Injuries', 'Suicide', 'Urologic Diseases']
| 7,076,789
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C14'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.985.450', 'N01.224.935.464', 'N06.850.505.400.975.450', 'N06.850.520.308.985.450'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C10.597.622.669', 'C23.888.592.636.637'], ['C10.597.622.760', 'C23.888.592.636.786'], ['C08'], ['C10.228.854.763', 'C10.900.850', 'C26.819'], ['F01.145.126.980.875', 'I01.880.735.856'], ['C12.777', 'C13.351.968']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
[Electrophysiological properties of the cells in intermediolateral nucleus of neonatal rat spinal cord slices in vitro].
|
Intracellular recordings were made from the cells in the interm ediolateral nucleus (IML) of neonatal rat spinal cord slices in vitro. Both resting and active electrophysiological properties of the cellular membrane were investigated. Resting membrane potential ranged from -46 to -70 mV. The means of input resistance, time constant and membrane capacitance were 108.3 +/- 67.9 M omega (mean +/- SD), 9.9 +/- 5.6 ms and 138.6 +/- 124.2 pF, respectively. Repetitive firing at high frequency (up to 150 Hz) could be produced in thirty five cells (85.4%) in response to intracellular injection of depolarizing current, while single spike firing produced in the remaining cells (15.6%). The amplitude and duration of action potentials evoked by intracellular stimulation were 63.4 +/- 9.0 mV and 2.4 +/- 0.6 ms, respectively. The threshold at the level of 18.7 +/- 6.2 mV was more depolarized than the resting potential. In most of cells, spikes induced by intracellular stimulation were followed by afterhyperpolarization, whose peak amplitude and duration were 5.1 +/- 2.7 mV and 90 +/- 31.8 ms, respectively. EPSP, orthodromic action potentials and, rarely, IPSP could be evoked by dorsal root stimulation, and antidromic action potentials were obtained by ventral root stimulation. Identification of sympathetic preganglionic neuron and functional significance of electrophysiological properties were discussed.
|
['Animals', 'Animals, Newborn', 'Autonomic Fibers, Preganglionic', 'Electrophysiology', 'Ganglia, Sympathetic', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Neurons', 'Rats', 'Spinal Cord']
| 2,762,832
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.050.282'], ['A08.675.127.500.060', 'A08.675.542.234.060', 'A08.800.050.050.060', 'A08.800.800.060.060', 'A11.671.188.500.060', 'A11.671.501.234.060'], ['H01.158.344.528', 'H01.158.782.236'], ['A08.340.315.350', 'A08.800.050.300.300', 'A08.800.050.800.300'], ['E05.481'], ['A08.675', 'A11.671'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['A08.186.854']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Prevalence of Dirofilaria immitis infection in dogs from a humane shelter in Ohio.
|
Hearts of 500 dogs more than 1 year old from a humane shelter in Columbus, Oh, were examined for Dirofilaria immitis infection. Peripheral blood from dogs with worms in the heart was examined for microfilariae. Dirofilaria immitis adults were found in 24 (4.8%) hearts. The number of worms in infected hearts were: 19 (1 dog), 6 (2 dogs), 5 (1 dog), 4 (2 dogs), 3 (1 dog), 2 (9 dogs), and 1 (8 dogs). Of the 24 infected dogs, 4 had only male worms, 8 had only female worms, and 12 had worms of both sexes. Microfilariae were found in 12 dogs--11 dogs having D immitis microfilariae, and 1 having only Dipetalonema reconditum microfilariae. The dog with D reconditum microfilariae had only 1 male D immitis adult in its heart.
|
['Animals', 'Dirofilaria immitis', 'Dirofilariasis', 'Dog Diseases', 'Dogs', 'Female', 'Male', 'Ohio']
| 870,466
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.500.500.294.400.937.463.230.300'], ['C01.610.335.349.320', 'C01.610.335.508.700.750.361.290', 'C01.610.701.377.320', 'C22.674.377.320'], ['C22.268'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.250.216.200'], ['Z01.107.567.875.075.512', 'Z01.107.567.875.350.540', 'Z01.107.567.875.510.540']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
|
Multi-parametric MRI Diagnoses Cerebellar Hemangioblastoma: A Case Report.
|
We performed contrast-enhanced T2 fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (T2-FLAIR) and dynamic contrast enhanced MRI to illustrate the imaging characteristics of one case of hemangioblastoma. T2-FLAIR showed a large cyst located in the right cerebellum with mural nodule. The intensely enhancing cyst wall was observed on enhanced T2-FLAIR images acquired from 5.6 to 23 minutes after contrast administration, and quantitative dynamic contrast enhanced-MRI demonstrated that both the cyst wall and mural nodule presented high Ktrans, Kep and Ve values compared with the contralateral normal cerebellar tissues. The cyst showed gradual enhancement and reached the highest signal intensity at 67 minutes after contrast administration on enhanced T2-FLAIR images. In conclusion, early enhancement of cyst wall on T2-FLAIR might be the characteristic imaging findings for cystic hemangioblastoma, which may assist in the diagnosis of hemangioblastoma preoperatively.
|
['Cerebellar Neoplasms', 'Contrast Media', 'Female', 'Hemangioblastoma', 'Humans', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Middle Aged', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed']
| 30,266,110
|
[['C04.588.614.250.195.411.211', 'C10.228.140.211.500.200', 'C10.228.140.252.200', 'C10.551.240.250.400.300'], ['D27.505.259.500', 'D27.720.259'], ['C04.557.645.375.380.370'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Increasing risk behaviour and high levels of undiagnosed HIV infection in a community sample of homosexual men.
|
OBJECTIVES: To estimate changes in sexual behaviour over time. To examine the proportion of undiagnosed HIV infection in a community sample of homosexual men. To explore the relation between HIV status, diagnosis, and sexual behaviour.METHODS: Five cross sectional surveys of men attending selected gay community venues in London between 1996 and 2000 (n = 8052). Men were recruited in 45 to 58 social venues (including bars, clubs, and saunas) across London. Participants self completed an anonymous behavioural questionnaire. In 2000, participants in community venues provided anonymous saliva samples for testing for anti-HIV antibody.RESULTS: The proportion of men having unprotected anal intercourse (UAI) increased significantly each year from 30% in 1996 to 42% in 2000 (p<<0.001). In 2000, 132 of 1206 (10.9%) saliva samples were HIV antibody positive. Of the HIV saliva antibody positive samples, 43/132 (32.5%) were undiagnosed. Around half of both diagnosed and undiagnosed HIV saliva positive men reported UAI in the past year. Of the 83% of men who reported their current perceived HIV status, 4.1% reported an incorrect status. HIV antibody positivity was associated with increasing numbers of UAI partners, and having a sexually transmitted infection (STI) in the past year (OR 2.15).CONCLUSIONS: Homosexual men continue to report increasing levels of UAI. HIV prevalence is high in this group, with many infections remaining undiagnosed. The high level of risky behaviour in HIV positive men, regardless of whether they are diagnosed, is of public health concern, in an era when HIV prevalence, antiretroviral resistance, and STI incidence are increasing.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'HIV Infections', 'Homosexuality, Male', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Risk-Taking', 'Safe Sex', 'Saliva', 'Sexual Partners']
| 15,170,012
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['C01.221.250.875', 'C01.221.812.640.400', 'C01.778.640.400', 'C01.925.782.815.616.400', 'C01.925.813.400', 'C20.673.480'], ['F01.145.802.975.500.600', 'G08.686.867.500.600'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['F01.145.722'], ['F01.145.802.845'], ['A12.200.666'], ['M01.778']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Kit preparation of technetium-99m-mercaptoacetyltriglycine: analysis, biodistribution and comparison with technetium-99m-DTPA in patients with impaired renal function.
|
Technetium-99m-mercaptoacetyltriglycine (99mTc-MAG3) was prepared by a frozen solution method, enabling the preparation of kits yielding a product substantially free of lipophilic impurities (96% 99mTc-MAG3). However, biliary activity was not completely eliminated as HPLC-purified 99mTc-MAG3 was also excreted by that route. Sequential 99mTc-DTPA and 99mTc-MAG3 renal scans were performed in 15 patients with renal dysfunction, including renal transplant recipients. In all cases, the 99mTc-MAG3 kit preparation provided superior images to 99mTc-DTPA at all levels of renal function due to a higher target-to-background ratio and a plasma clearance twice as fast as 99mTc-DTPA. Interpretation of delayed 99mTc-MAG3 images, however, was complicated by biliary excretion which will limit quantitative estimates of renal clearance. A 99mTc-MAG3 kit is likely to be of value in renal transplant assessment and in cases of significant renal impairment but would not appear to offer major advantages over 99mTc-DTPA in routine renal imaging.
|
['Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'Humans', 'Kidney', 'Kidney Diseases', 'Oligopeptides', 'Organotechnetium Compounds', 'Pentetic Acid', 'Radionuclide Imaging', 'Reagent Kits, Diagnostic', 'Technetium Tc 99m Mertiatide', 'Technetium Tc 99m Pentetate', 'Tissue Distribution']
| 2,144,317
|
[['E05.196.181.400.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A05.810.453'], ['C12.777.419', 'C13.351.968.419'], ['D12.644.456'], ['D02.691.825'], ['D02.092.782.590', 'D02.241.081.018.639'], ['E01.370.350.710', 'E01.370.384.730'], ['D27.505.259.875', 'D27.720.470.410.680', 'E07.720'], ['D02.691.825.775', 'D12.644.456.805'], ['D02.092.782.590.883', 'D02.241.081.018.639.883', 'D02.691.825.875'], ['G03.787.917', 'G07.690.725.949']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Drift in Neural Population Activity Causes Working Memory to Deteriorate Over Time.
|
Short-term memories are thought to be maintained in the form of sustained spiking activity in neural populations. Decreases in recall precision observed with increasing number of memorized items can be accounted for by a limit on total spiking activity, resulting in fewer spikes contributing to the representation of each individual item. Longer retention intervals likewise reduce recall precision, but it is unknown what changes in population activity produce this effect. One possibility is that spiking activity becomes attenuated over time, such that the same mechanism accounts for both effects of set size and retention duration. Alternatively, reduced performance may be caused by drift in the encoded value over time, without a decrease in overall spiking activity. Human participants of either sex performed a variable-delay cued recall task with a saccadic response, providing a precise measure of recall latency. Based on a spike integration model of decision making, if the effects of set size and retention duration are both caused by decreased spiking activity, we would predict a fixed relationship between recall precision and response latency across conditions. In contrast, the drift hypothesis predicts no systematic changes in latency with increasing delays. Our results show both an increase in latency with set size, and a decrease in response precision with longer delays within each set size, but no systematic increase in latency for increasing delay durations. These results were quantitatively reproduced by a model based on a limited neural resource in which working memories drift rather than decay with time.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Rapid deterioration over seconds is a defining feature of short-term memory, but what mechanism drives this degradation of internal representations? Here, we extend a successful population coding model of working memory by introducing possible mechanisms of delay effects. We show that a decay in neural signal over time predicts that the time required for memory retrieval will increase with delay, whereas a random drift in the stored value predicts no effect of delay on retrieval time. Testing these predictions in a multi-item memory task with an eye movement response, we identified drift as a key mechanism of memory decline. These results provide evidence for a dynamic spiking basis for working memory, in contrast to recent proposals of activity-silent storage.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Algorithms', 'Computer Simulation', 'Cues', 'Electrophysiological Phenomena', 'Eye Movements', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Memory Disorders', 'Memory, Short-Term', 'Mental Recall', 'Middle Aged', 'Neurons', 'Psychomotor Performance', 'Saccades', 'Young Adult']
| 29,703,786
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['L01.224.160'], ['F02.463.425.234'], ['G07.265'], ['G11.427.410.140', 'G14.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C10.597.606.525', 'C23.888.592.604.529', 'F01.700.625'], ['F02.463.425.540.407'], ['F02.463.425.540.641'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['A08.675', 'A11.671'], ['F02.808', 'G11.427.700', 'G11.561.660'], ['G14.350.500'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Bacterial sugar utilization gives rise to distinct single-cell behaviours.
|
Inducible utilization pathways reflect widespread microbial strategies to uptake and consume sugars from the environment. Despite their broad importance and extensive characterization, little is known how these pathways naturally respond to their inducing sugar in individual cells. Here, we performed single-cell analyses to probe the behaviour of representative pathways in the model bacterium Escherichia coli. We observed diverse single-cell behaviours, including uniform responses (d-lactose, d-galactose, N-acetylglucosamine, N-acetylneuraminic acid), 'all-or-none' responses (d-xylose, l-rhamnose) and complex combinations thereof (l-arabinose, d-gluconate). Mathematical modelling and probing of genetically modified pathways revealed that the simple framework underlying these pathways - inducible transport and inducible catabolism - could give rise to most of these behaviours. Sugar catabolism was also an important feature, as disruption of catabolism eliminated tunable induction as well as enhanced memory of previous conditions. For instance, disruption of catabolism in pathways that respond to endogenously synthesized sugars led to full pathway induction even in the absence of exogenous sugar. Our findings demonstrate the remarkable flexibility of this simple biological framework, with direct implications for environmental adaptation and the engineering of synthetic utilization pathways as titratable expression systems and for metabolic engineering.
|
['Carbohydrate Metabolism', 'Escherichia coli', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial', 'Metabolic Networks and Pathways', 'Models, Biological', 'Single-Cell Analysis']
| 24,976,172
|
[['G02.111.158', 'G03.191'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['G05.308.300'], ['G03.493'], ['E05.599.395'], ['E05.242.900']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The pharmacokinetics of cotrimoxazole sulphonamide in malnourished (marasmic) infants.
|
The pharmacokinetics of trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole was examined in seven malnourished (marasmic) infants receiving cotrimoxazole (CMZ) for treatment of urinary tract infection. Comparisons were made with the SMZ level of ten nutritionally normal infants, hospitalized for first and second degree burns, receiving CMZ for treatment of bronchitis. CMZ was administered as an oral suspension (20 mg TMP and 100 mg SMZ, 5 ml), patients receiving 22 mg SMZ/kg body weight. Capillary blood samples, 0.05 ml were taken at prescribed intervals. Elimination half-life of SMZ in the marasmic infants was prolonged, 9.6 vs 4.9 hr, in their eutrophic counterparts. In addition, greater area under the curve (AUC), 573 vs 328 micrograms/ml/h, was noted in the malnourished group. This disparity may be due to differences in body fluid distribution between the two groups.
|
['Drug Combinations', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Kinetics', 'Male', 'Protein-Energy Malnutrition', 'Sulfamethoxazole', 'Trimethoprim', 'Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination']
| 6,436,778
|
[['D26.310'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['C18.654.521.500.708.626'], ['D02.065.884.725.867', 'D02.092.146.807.867', 'D02.886.590.700.725.867'], ['D03.383.742.906'], ['D02.065.884.725.867.500', 'D02.092.146.807.867.500', 'D02.886.590.700.725.867.500', 'D03.383.742.906.500', 'D26.310.875']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Variable phenotype in a P102L Gerstmann-Str?ussler-Scheinker Italian family.
|
BACKGROUND: Gerstmann-Str?ussler-Scheinker disease is an autosomal dominant prion disease. The clinical features include ataxia, dementia, spastic paraparesis and extrapyramidal signs.METHODS: We report a new large Italian family affected by Gerstmann-Str?ussler-Scheinker disease.RESULTS: The four generation pedigree includes 11 patients. The mean age at onset +/- SD was 41.4 +/- 16.2 years. Mean disease duration to death in four patients was 5.5 +/- 1.7 years. Two clinical patterns were evident: cognitive impairment with scarce neurological features or ataxia followed by cognitive impairment. Molecular analysis showed P102L mutation in PRNP gene.CONCLUSION: Three Italian families have been reported to date. The variable phenotype has already been reported, and does not appear related to the codon 129 polymorphism.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Amyloid', 'Ataxia', 'Cerebellum', 'Cognition Disorders', 'Female', 'Gerstmann-Straussler-Scheinker Disease', 'Humans', 'Italy', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Mutation', 'Pedigree', 'Phenotype', 'Prion Proteins', 'Prions', 'Protein Precursors']
| 12,945,948
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D05.500.049', 'D12.776.049'], ['C10.597.350.090', 'C23.888.592.350.090'], ['A08.186.211.132.810.428.200'], ['F03.615.250'], ['C01.207.800.350', 'C10.228.228.800.350', 'C10.574.500.425', 'C10.574.843.400', 'C16.320.400.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.542.489'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['G05.365.590'], ['E05.393.673'], ['G05.695'], ['D12.776.395.550.448.600', 'D12.776.543.484.500.625', 'D12.776.543.550.418.600', 'D12.776.785.340'], ['D12.776.785'], ['D12.776.811']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
|
Prevalence of anti-nuclear autoantibodies in subjects exposed to natural asbestiform fibers: a cross-sectional study.
|
Fluoro-edenite (FE) is an asbestiform mineral fiber spotted in the lava rocks excavated from a stone quarry in Biancavilla (Italy). The derived material had been employed locally for building purposes. Previous studies found evidence that exposure to asbestos may induce autoimmunity, with frequency of anti-nuclear autoantibodies (ANA). The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between FE exposure and autoimmune responses in an exposed population. For the study, 60 subjects living in the area of Biancavilla and 60 subjects as control group were randomly invited to participate. A free medical check, including spirometry and a high-resolution computer tomography chest scan, was given to all participants. ANA were determined by indirect immunofluorescence. On medical check, no subject showed any sign and/or symptoms of illness. Prevalence for samples positive to ANA were 70% (n = 42) and 25% (n = 15), respectively, for exposed and non-exposed subjects (p < 0.05). The presence of pleural plaques (PP) was found in 21 (30%) of the exposed subjects and in 2 (3%) of the non-exposed participants. PP subjects were always ANAs positive. In conclusion, as already it was observed with exposure to asbestos fibers, levels of ANA seemed to significantly increase in subjects who had been exposed to FE. Furthermore, all subjects showing PP were also ANA-positive. This first finding in subjects exposed to FE should encourage researchers to further investigate associations between autoimmune unbalance and environmental exposure to asbestiform fibers.
|
['Adult', 'Antibodies, Antinuclear', 'Asbestos, Amphibole', 'Autoimmune Diseases', 'Construction Materials', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Environmental Exposure', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Italy', 'Lung', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Mineral Fibers', 'Pleural Diseases', 'Prevalence', 'Spirometry']
| 29,241,379
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.323.204', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.323.204', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.323.204'], ['D01.578.725.050.050', 'D01.837.725.700.760.070.050'], ['C20.111'], ['J01.637.241'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['N06.850.460.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.542.489'], ['A04.411'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D01.578.500'], ['C08.528'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['E01.370.386.700.750']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Evidence for the existence of a family of biologically active angiotensin I-like peptides in the dog central nervous system.
|
A family of angiotensin I-like peptides has been derived from endogenous precursors present in dog cerebrospinal fluid after incubation with species homologous renin. These peptides are immunologically and pharmacologically similar to [Ile5]angiotensin I, and have molecular weights ranging between 1300 and 2200 daltons. The presence of precursors in the cerebrospinal fluid able to generate various biologically active angiotensin I-like peptides dissimilar to plasma angiotensin I supports the concept of a local angiotensin I-forming system in the brain.
|
['Angiotensin I', 'Angiotensins', 'Animals', 'Brain', 'Central Nervous System', 'Cerebrospinal Fluid', 'Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'Chromatography, Ion Exchange', 'Dogs', 'Molecular Weight', 'Peptides', 'Renin']
| 6,339,108
|
[['D06.472.699.094.075', 'D12.644.400.070.075', 'D12.644.456.073.021', 'D12.644.548.058.075', 'D12.776.631.650.070.075', 'D23.469.050.050.025'], ['D06.472.699.094', 'D12.644.400.070', 'D12.644.456.073', 'D12.644.548.058', 'D12.776.631.650.070', 'D23.469.050.050'], ['B01.050'], ['A08.186.211'], ['A08.186'], ['A12.207.270.210'], ['E05.196.181.400.300'], ['E05.196.181.400.383'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.250.216.200'], ['G02.494'], ['D12.644'], ['D08.811.277.656.074.500.780', 'D08.811.277.656.300.048.780', 'D08.811.277.656.837.750']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Regulation of G protein-coupled receptor-adenylyl cyclase responsiveness in human airway smooth muscle by exogenous and autocrine adenosine.
|
Adenosine is a mediator of bronchoconstriction in asthmatics and is believed to mediate its effects through adenosine receptor activation in inflammatory cells. In this study, we identify human airway smooth muscle (ASM) as a direct target of adenosine. Acute exposure of human ASM cultures to adenosine receptor (AR) agonists resulted in rapid accumulation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) with a pharmacologic profile consistent with A(2b)AR activation. Little or no evidence of A1AR or A3AR expression was suggested on acute addition of various AR ligands, although a low level of A1ARs was identified in radioligand binding studies. Treatment with adenosine deaminase suggested that human ASM cultures secrete adenosine that feeds back on A(2b)ARs and regulates basal cAMP levels as well as a small degree of A(2b)AR, beta(2)AR, and prostaglandin E(2) receptor desensitization. When subjected to chronic treatment with AR agonists or agents that enhance accumulation of endogenous, extracellular adenosine, a dual effect of A(2b)AR desensitization and adenylyl cyclase (AC) sensitization was observed. This AC sensitization was eliminated by pertussis toxin and partially reversed by the A1AR antagonist 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine, suggesting a contributory role for the A1AR. Overexpression of A1ARs and A(2b)ARs in human ASM cultures resulted in differential effects on basal, agonist-, and AC-mediated cAMP production. These data demonstrate that human ASM is a direct target of exogenous and autocrine adenosine, with effects determined by differential contributions of A(2b) and A1 adenosine receptors that are time-dependent. Accordingly, the relative distribution and activation of AR subtypes in ASM in vivo may influence airway function in diseases such as asthma and warrant consideration in therapeutic strategies that target ARs or alter nucleotide/ nucleoside levels in the airway.
|
['Adenosine', "Adenosine-5'-(N-ethylcarboxamide)", 'Adenylyl Cyclases', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Cyclic AMP', 'DNA Primers', 'Fluorescence', 'GTP-Binding Protein Regulators', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic', 'Green Fluorescent Proteins', 'Humans', 'Isoenzymes', 'Luminescent Proteins', 'Muscle, Smooth', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Purinergic P1 Receptor Antagonists', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Receptor, Adenosine A2B', 'Respiratory System', 'Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Transfection']
| 11,159,049
|
[['D03.633.100.759.590.138', 'D13.570.583.138', 'D13.570.800.096'], ['D03.633.100.759.590.138.025', 'D13.570.583.138.025', 'D13.570.800.096.250'], ['D08.811.520.650.200', 'D12.644.360.050', 'D12.776.476.050'], ['A11.251'], ['D03.633.100.759.646.138.395', 'D13.695.462.200', 'D13.695.667.138.395', 'D13.695.827.068.395'], ['D13.695.578.424.450.275', 'D27.720.470.530.600.223.600'], ['G01.358.500.505.650.665.500', 'G01.590.540.665.500'], ['D12.644.360.325', 'D12.776.476.325'], ['G05.308.320'], ['D12.776.532.265'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D08.811.348', 'D12.776.800.300'], ['D12.776.532'], ['A02.633.570', 'A10.690.467'], ['E05.393.620.500'], ['D27.505.519.625.725.400.100', 'D27.505.696.577.725.400.100'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.700.700.200.200', 'D12.776.543.750.720.700.700.200.200'], ['A04'], ['E05.393.620.500.725'], ['E05.393.350.810', 'G05.728.860']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Malaria parasite clag3 genes determine channel-mediated nutrient uptake by infected red blood cells.
|
Development of malaria parasites within vertebrate erythrocytes requires nutrient uptake at the host cell membrane. The plasmodial surface anion channel (PSAC) mediates this transport and is an antimalarial target, but its molecular basis is unknown. We report a parasite gene family responsible for PSAC activity. We used high-throughput screening for nutrient uptake inhibitors to identify a compound highly specific for channels from the Dd2 line of the human pathogen P. falciparum. Inheritance of this compound's affinity in a Dd2 ? HB3 genetic cross maps to a single parasite locus on chromosome 3. DNA transfection and in vitro selections indicate that PSAC-inhibitor interactions are encoded by two clag3 genes previously assumed to function in cytoadherence. These genes are conserved in plasmodia, exhibit expression switching, and encode an integral protein on the host membrane, as predicted by functional studies. This protein increases host cell permeability to diverse solutes.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Crosses, Genetic', 'Erythrocytes', 'High-Throughput Screening Assays', 'Humans', 'Ion Channels', 'Leupeptins', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Mutation', 'Permeability', 'Plasmodium falciparum', 'Protozoan Proteins', 'Sequence Alignment']
| 21,620,134
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['E05.393.281'], ['A11.118.290', 'A11.443.240', 'A15.145.229.334'], ['E05.916.680'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.157.530.400', 'D12.776.543.550.450', 'D12.776.543.585.400'], ['D12.644.456.580'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G05.365.590'], ['G02.723'], ['B01.043.075.380.611.561'], ['D12.776.820'], ['E05.393.751']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Beta-carotene uptake and changes in ovarian steroids and uterine proteins during the estrous cycle in the canine.
|
The uptake of beta-carotene by reproductive tissues and the effects of beta-carotene on reproductive function in the dog are unknown. We studied the uptake of beta-carotene by blood, corpus luteum, and uterine endometrium and the role of dietary beta-carotene in influencing ovarian steroid and uterine protein production during the estrous cycle in the dog. Mature female Beagle dogs (n = 56) were fed diets containing 0, 2, 20, or 50 mg of beta-carotene daily for approximately 6 wk before estrus detection. Blood was sampled at regular intervals from estrus through d 45 after ovulation (d 0 = ovulation), when laparotomy was performed. The ovaries were obtained for the isolation of corpus luteum. The uterus was flushed with phosphate-buffered saline and the endometrium obtained by scraping. Beta-carotene was not detectable in plasma, corpus luteum, or endometrium of unsupplemented dogs. However, beta-carotene and alpha-carotene in plasma, corpus luteum, and uterine endometrium increased in a dose-dependent manner. Alpha-carotene made up a high percentage of total carotenoids even though the alpha-carotene content in the dietary source was very low. Dogs fed 50 mg of beta-carotene had significantly higher concentrations of plasma progesterone between d 12 and 26 compared with unsupplemented dogs. Dietary beta-carotene did not influence plasma estradiol-17beta and total uterine proteins. Therefore, beta-carotene is absorbed into plasma, corpus luteum, and uterine endometrium of dogs. Furthermore, dietary beta-carotene increased plasma progesterone concentrations during the estrous cycle. It is possible that dietary beta-carotene may improve reproductive function in the canine.
|
['Animals', 'Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'Corpus Luteum', 'Dogs', 'Endometrium', 'Estradiol', 'Estrus', 'Female', 'Ovary', 'Proteins', 'Radioimmunoassay', 'Steroids', 'Uterus', 'beta Carotene']
| 10,834,584
|
[['B01.050'], ['E05.196.181.400.300'], ['A05.360.319.114.630.278', 'A06.300.312.497.278'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.250.216.200'], ['A05.360.319.679.490'], ['D04.210.500.365.415.248', 'D06.472.334.851.437.500'], ['G08.686.195.500'], ['A05.360.319.114.630', 'A05.360.576.497', 'A06.300.312.497'], ['D12.776'], ['E01.370.384.700', 'E05.478.566.639', 'E05.601.470.639'], ['D04.210.500'], ['A05.360.319.679'], ['D02.455.326.271.665.202.123', 'D02.455.426.392.368.367.379.249.050', 'D02.455.849.131.123', 'D23.767.261.050']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Mild, short-term stress alters dendritic morphology in rat medial prefrontal cortex.
|
Prefrontal cortex is a target for glucocorticoids, shows neurochemical changes in response to stress and mediates many of the behaviors that are altered by chronic corticosterone administration. Three weeks of either daily corticosterone injections or 3 h daily restraint stress result in dendritic changes in pyramidal neurons in medial prefrontal cortex. Interestingly, vehicle injection results in similar but less pronounced changes. Thus, the mild stress of daily injections alone may alter morphology of medial prefrontal cortex, suggesting an exquisite sensitivity to chronic stress. To further examine this morphological sensitivity, we assessed the effect of 1 week of daily brief restraint stress on dendritic morphology in medial prefrontal cortex. Male rats were restrained 10 min per day for one week, handled daily or left unhandled. Rats were then overdosed and brains were stained using a Golgi-Cox procedure. Layer II-III pyramidal neurons in medial prefrontal cortex were drawn and dendritic morphology was quantified. One week of daily brief restraint resulted in selective remodeling of apical dendrites, with atrophy of up to 22-35% in distal branches and sparing of proximal branches. This pattern of reorganization is similar to that seen after either corticosterone injections or 3 weeks of daily 3 h restraint stress. Thus, the stress-induced dendritic changes in medial prefrontal cortex occur rapidly, and in response to a mild stressor.
|
['Adaptation, Physiological', 'Animals', 'Corticosterone', 'Dendrites', 'Male', 'Neuronal Plasticity', 'Prefrontal Cortex', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Restraint, Physical', 'Stress, Physiological']
| 15,703,248
|
[['G07.025', 'G16.012.500'], ['B01.050'], ['D04.210.500.745.745.654.237', 'D06.472.040.585.353.237'], ['A08.675.256', 'A11.284.180.225', 'A11.671.240'], ['G11.561.638'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.270.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['E02.085.700', 'E05.472.760'], ['G07.775']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Second-look arthroscopic findings of 208 patients after ACL reconstruction.
|
The aim of this study is to report the arthroscopic subjective findings of reconstructed anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) with good clinical outcome. Graft used for reconstruction was either patella bone-tendon-bone (PBTB) autograft or hamstring tendon [quadrupled semitendinous and gracilis tendon (QSGT)] autograft. From March 1997 to September 2003, among 716 ACL reconstructions 209 knees (208 patients) were available for second-look arthroscopy at a mean 21.2-month (range, 14-70 months) postoperative period. The second-look arthroscopy focused on the evaluation of (1) continuity of the reconstructed ACL graft, (2) subjective graft tension using a probe, (3) the extent of synovial coverage, (4) the prevalence of cyclops or cyclops-like lesion, and (5) bony change after notchplasty. Patellar tendon autograft was used in 80 knees, hamstring tendon autograft in 129 knees. Just prior to second-look arthroscopy two objective clinical evaluations, KT-2000 arthrometer and Lysholm knee score, were performed to verify good clinical outcomes. A comparison between the hamstring tendon group and the patella tendon group, hamstring group showed slightly better results in Lysholm knee scores and KT-2000 arthrometer but there were no statistically significant differences (p>0.05). Undetected partial graft tear was seen in 21 knees (10%). With regard to graft tension, a total of 181 grafts (87%) showed normal tension and 28 (13%) showed slight lax tension. The overall synovial coverage was poor in nine (4%) knees. The synovial coverage was slightly better in the hamstring tendon group. A total of 45 knees (21.5%) showed cyclops-like lesion in variable sizes and locations. Reformation of the notch was seen in 85 knees (40%). In conclusion, the findings of second-look arthroscopy of reconstructed ACL in good clinical outcome patients showed approximately 10% partial graft tear, 5% poor synovial coverage, 20% cyclops-like lesion, and 40% some notch reformation.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Anterior Cruciate Ligament', 'Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries', 'Arthrometry, Articular', 'Arthroscopy', 'Bone-Patellar Tendon-Bone Grafting', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Outcome Assessment, Health Care', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Second-Look Surgery', 'Tendons', 'Transplantation, Autologous']
| 17,028,869
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['A02.513.514.100', 'A02.835.583.512.100', 'A10.165.669.514.100'], ['C26.558.554.213'], ['E01.370.600.700.500', 'G11.427.760.500'], ['E01.370.388.250.070', 'E04.502.250.070', 'E04.555.113'], ['E02.095.147.725.065', 'E04.555.110.026.500', 'E04.680.101.026.500', 'E04.936.580.065'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['H01.770.644.145.431', 'N04.761.559.590', 'N05.715.360.575.575'], ['C23.550.767'], ['E04.708'], ['A02.880'], ['E04.936.664']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Scavenging of cytosolic octanoic acid by mutant LplA lipoate ligases allows growth of Escherichia coli strains lacking the LipB octanoyltransferase of lipoic acid synthesis.
|
The LipB octanoyltransferase catalyzes the first step of lipoic acid synthesis in Escherichia coli, transfer of the octanoyl moiety from octanoyl-acyl carrier protein to the lipoyl domains of the E2 subunits of the 2-oxoacid dehydrogenases of aerobic metabolism. Strains containing null mutations in lipB are auxotrophic for either lipoic acid or octanoic acid. We report the isolation of two spontaneously arising mutant strains that allow growth of lipB strains on glucose minimal medium; we determined that suppression was caused by single missense mutations within the coding sequence of the gene (lplA) that encodes lipoate-protein ligase. The LplA proteins encoded by the mutant genes have reduced K(m) values for free octanoic acid and thus are able to scavenge cytosolic octanoic acid for octanoylation of lipoyl domains.
|
['Acyltransferases', 'Blotting, Western', 'Caprylates', 'Cytosol', 'Escherichia coli', 'Escherichia coli Proteins', 'Kinetics', 'Ligases', 'Models, Biological', 'Mutagenesis', 'Mutation', 'Mutation, Missense', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Thioctic Acid']
| 19,684,135
|
[['D08.811.913.050'], ['E05.196.401.143', 'E05.301.300.096', 'E05.478.566.320.200', 'E05.601.262', 'E05.601.470.320.200'], ['D02.241.081.222', 'D10.251.122'], ['A11.284.430.214.200', 'A11.284.430.429.200', 'A11.284.835.450.200'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['D12.776.097.275'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['D08.811.464'], ['E05.599.395'], ['G05.558'], ['G05.365.590'], ['G05.365.590.650'], ['E05.393.620.500'], ['D02.241.803', 'D02.886.778.827', 'D08.211.906', 'D10.251.941']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Experimental vertical transmission of West Nile virus by Culex pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae).
|
Despite the detection of West Nile (WN) virus in overwintering Culex pipiens L. in New York in February 2000, the mechanism by which this virus persists throughout the winter to initiate infections in vertebrate hosts and vectors the following spring remains unknown. After a blood meal, parous mosquitoes generally do not survive until spring and gonotrophic dissociation occurs in only a small percentage of the population. To investigate vertical transmission as a means of viral survival during interepizootics, we intrathoracically inoculated Cx. pipiens and Aedes albopictus (Skuse) with WN virus and subsequently tested their F1 progeny for the presence of virus. Among the Cx. pipiens, we recovered virus from two of 1,417 adult progeny that had been reared at 18 degrees C for a minimal filial infection rate (MFIR) of approximately 1.4/1,000 and four of 1,873 adult progeny reared at 26 degrees C (MFIR = 2.1/1,000). The mean titer of the positive pools was 10(5.6) plaque-forming units (PFU)/ml (=10(5.9) PFU/mosquito for positive mosquitoes) of virus. Overall, the MFIR was approximately 1.8/1,000 for Cx. pipiens. Although reports indicate that Ae. albopictus vertically transmit various viruses in the Japanese encephalitis virus complex, we did not detect WN virus in any of > 13,000 F1 progeny of WN virus-inoculated specimens. Female Cx. pipiens that are vertically infected during the late summer season and then survive the winter could serve as a source of WN virus to initiate an infection cycle the following spring.
|
['Aedes', 'Animals', 'Chlorocebus aethiops', 'Culex', 'Female', 'Male', 'Vero Cells', 'West Nile virus']
| 12,144,296
|
[['B01.050.500.131.617.720.500.500.750.712.500.875.100'], ['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.199.120.126.110'], ['B01.050.500.131.617.720.500.500.750.712.500.875.225'], ['A11.251.210.955', 'A11.436.955'], ['B04.820.230.475.950', 'B04.820.578.344.350.300.950']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Phytoextraction of rare earth elements in herbaceous plant species growing close to roads.
|
The aim of study was to determine the phytoextraction of rare earth elements (REEs) to roots, stems and leaves of five herbaceous plant species (Achillea millefolium L., Artemisia vulgaris L., Papaver rhoeas L., Taraxacum officinale AND Tripleurospermum inodorum), growing in four areas located in close proximity to a road with varied traffic intensity. Additionally, the relationship between road traffic intensity, REE concentration in soil and the content of these elements in plant organs was estimated. A. vulgaris and P. rhoeas were able to effectively transport REEs in their leaves, independently of area collection. The highest content of REEs was observed in P. rhoeas leaves and T. inodorum roots. Generally, HREEs were accumulated in P. rhoeas roots and leaves and also in the stems of T. inodorum and T. officinale, whereas LREEs were accumulated in T. inodorum roots and T. officinale stems. It is worth underlining that there was a clear relationship between road traffic intensity and REE, HREE and LREE concentration in soil. No positive correlation was found between the concentration of these elements in soil and their content in plants, with the exception of T. officinale. An effective transport of REEs from the root system to leaves was observed, what points to the possible ability of some of the tested plant species to remove REEs from soils near roads.
|
['Metals, Rare Earth', 'Plant Leaves', 'Plant Roots', 'Plants', 'Soil', 'Soil Pollutants', 'Vehicle Emissions']
| 28,411,316
|
[['D01.268.558', 'D01.552.550'], ['A18.024.812'], ['A18.400'], ['B01.650'], ['D20.721', 'G01.311.820', 'G16.500.275.815', 'N06.230.600'], ['D27.888.284.756'], ['D20.832']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Group II intron ribozymes that cleave DNA and RNA linkages with similar efficiency, and lack contacts with substrate 2'-hydroxyl groups.
|
BACKGROUND: Group II introns are self-splicing RNAs that have mechanistic similarity to the spliceosome complex involved in messenger RNA splicing in eukaryotes. These autocatalytic molecules can be reconfigured into highly specific, multiple-turnover ribozymes that cleave oligonucleotides in trans. We set out to use a simplified system of this kind to study the mechanism of cleavage.RESULTS: Unlike other catalytic RNA molecules, the group II ribozymes cleave DNA linkages almost as readily as RNA linkages. One ribozyme variant cleaves DNA linkages with an efficiency comparable to that of restriction endonuclease EcoRI. Single deoxynucleotide substitutions in the substrate showed that the ribozymes bind substrate without engaging 2'-hydroxyl groups.CONCLUSIONS: The ribose 2'-hydroxyl group at the cleavage site has little role in transition-state stabilization by group II ribozymes. Substrate 2'-hydroxyl groups are not involved in substrate binding, suggesting that only base-pairing is required for substrate recognition.
|
['Animals', 'DNA', 'Hydroxylation', 'Introns', 'Kinetics', 'Nucleotide Mapping', 'Plasmids', 'RNA', 'RNA Splicing', 'RNA, Bacterial', 'RNA, Catalytic', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Tetrahymena']
| 9,383,483
|
[['B01.050'], ['D13.444.308'], ['G02.111.385', 'G02.607.348', 'G03.425'], ['G05.360.340.024.220.400', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.515'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['E05.196.181.400.454.655', 'E05.196.401.319.670', 'E05.196.680'], ['G05.360.600'], ['D13.444.735'], ['G02.111.760.700', 'G03.839.700', 'G05.308.700.700'], ['D13.444.735.473'], ['D08.811.797', 'D13.444.735.790.199'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['B01.043.185.650.375.750.850']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
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Direct screening of malonylginsenosides from nine Ginseng extracts by an untargeted profiling strategy incorporating in-source collision-induced dissociation, mass tag, and neutral loss scan on a hybrid linear ion-trap/Orbitrap mass spectrometer coupled to ultra-high performance liquid chromatography.
|
Specific analytical approaches that enable untargeted profiling of modified metabolites are in great need. An untargeted profiling strategy, by integrating in-source collision-induced dissociation (ISCID)-MS1, mass tag-MS2, and neutral loss scan-MS3, is established on a linear ion-trap/Orbitrap mass spectrometer coupled to ultra-high performance liquid chromatography. This strategy is applied to screen malonylginsenosides from three reputable Panax species (P. ginseng, P. quinquefolius, and P. notoginseng). In light of the preferred neutral elimination of CO2 and entire malonyl substituent (C3H2O3) in the negative electrospray ionization mode, a pseudo-neutral loss scan (PNL) method was established by applying ISCID energy 40 V in MS1, mass tag 43.9898 Da oriented CID-MS2 at normalized collision energy (NCE) 30%, and neutral loss 43.9898 Da-triggered high-energy C-trap dissociation-MS3 at NCE 70%. The PNL approach achieved a high coverage of targeted malonylginsenosides but introduced less false positives. It displayed comparable performance to a precursor ions list-driven targeted approach we have reported in the profiling and characterization of malonylginsenosides, but could avoid complex data processing. Totally 178 malonylginsenosides were characterized from the roots, leaves, and flower buds of P. ginseng, P. quinquefolius, and P. notoginseng, and most of them possess potentially new structures. The compositions of malonylginsenosides identified from these three Panax species are similar, and only malonylginsenoside Rb2 and some minor may have potential chemotaxonomic significance. In conclusion, we provide a potent analytical strategy for the direct and efficient screening of modified metabolites, which may have broad applications in the fields of metabolomics, drug metabolism, and natural product research.
|
['Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'Flowers', 'Ginsenosides', 'Panax', 'Plant Leaves', 'Plant Roots', 'Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization']
| 30,146,372
|
[['E05.196.181.400.300'], ['A18.024.249.500'], ['D02.455.849.919.277', 'D09.408.782.300'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.087.500'], ['A18.024.812'], ['A18.400'], ['E05.196.566.600']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Sequential change in action potential of rabbit epicardium during and following radiofrequency ablation.
|
INTRODUCTION: Although radiofrequency (RF) catheter ablation is used to treat certain cardiac arrhythmias, little is known regarding transient changes in cellular electrophysiology during and following RF delivery. Optical recordings of action potential (OAP) with voltage-sensitive dyes allow immunity from electrical noise during RF delivery. The purpose of this study was to clarify the possible synergistic effects of both the thermal and electrotonic components of RF ablation.METHODS AND RESULTS: In this study, OAPs were recorded on the epicardium of 16 isolated Langendorff-perfused rabbit hearts within or adjacent to lesions made by RF catheters. Hearts were perfused at room temperature with Tyrode's solution containing 2,3-butanedione monoxime and stained by the voltage-sensitive dye di-4-ANEPPS. OAPs were recorded before, during, and after RF pulses. Within the lesion, the action potential duration at 80% repolarization (APD80) of OAP decreased rapidly during the RF pulse, without recovery following the pulse. In the border zone surrounding the lesion, the RF energy resulted in a rapid decrease in APD80, which recovered promptly after the pulse (recovery time constant: 82 +/- 37 sec). APD80 was nonlinearly related to temperature during the RF ablation and responded faster to RF ablation than to purely thermal injury.CONCLUSION: The application of RF energy results in significant changes in myocardial cellular electrophysiologic properties. The RF energy has a combination of thermal and electrotonic effects on the myocardial tissue. The results of this in vitro study may illustrate the cellular basis for commonly observed phenomena in clinical practice.
|
['Action Potentials', 'Animals', 'Arrhythmias, Cardiac', 'Catheter Ablation', 'Electrophysiology', 'Pericardium', 'Rabbits']
| 10,517,659
|
[['G04.580.100', 'G07.265.675.100', 'G11.561.570.100'], ['B01.050'], ['C14.280.067', 'C23.550.073'], ['E02.808.750.500', 'E04.014.760.500'], ['H01.158.344.528', 'H01.158.782.236'], ['A07.541.795', 'A10.615.789.470'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.968.700']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Protection against pressure overload-induced right heart failure by uncoupling protein 2 silencing.
|
AIMS: The role of uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) in cardiac adaptation to pressure overload remains unclear. In a classical model of left ventricular pressure overload genetic deletion of UCP2 (UCP2-/-) protected against cardiac hypertrophy and failure. However, in UCP2-/- mice increased proliferation of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells induces mild pulmonary hypertension, right ventricular (RV) hypertrophy, and reduced cardiac output. This suggests a different role for UCP2 in RV and left ventricular adaptation to pressure overload. To clarify this situation in more detail UCP2-/- and wild-type mice were exposed to pulmonary arterial banding (PAB).METHODS AND RESULTS: Mice were analysed (haemodynamics, morphometry, and echocardiography) 3 weeks after PAB or sham surgery. Myocytes and non-myocytes were isolated and analysed separately. Cell shortening of myocytes and fura-2 loading of cardiomyocytes were used to characterize their function. Brd assay was performed to study fibroblast proliferation. Isolated mitochondria were analysed to investigate the role of UCP2 for reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. UCP2 mRNA was 2.7-fold stronger expressed in RV myocytes than in left ventricular myocytes and stronger expressed in non-myocytes compared with myocytes. Three weeks after PAB, cardiac output was reduced in wild type but preserved in UCP2-/- mice. UCP2-/- had increased RV wall thickness, but lower RV internal diameters and displayed a significant stronger fibrosis. Cardiac fibroblasts from UCP2-/- had reduced proliferation rates but higher collagen-1 expression. Myocytes isolated from mice after PAB banding showed preserved function that was further improved by UCP2-/-. Mitochondrial ROS production and respiration was similar between UCP2-/- or wild-type hearts.CONCLUSION: Despite a mild pulmonary hypertension in UCP2-/- mice, hearts from these mice are well preserved against additional pressure overload (severe pulmonary hypertension). This-at least in part-depends on different behaviour of non-myocytes (fibroblasts).
|
['Animals', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Collagen Type I', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Fibroblasts', 'Fibrosis', 'Gene Silencing', 'Heart Failure', 'Hypertension, Pulmonary', 'Hypertrophy, Right Ventricular', 'Male', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Mice, Knockout', 'Mitochondria, Heart', 'Myocytes, Cardiac', 'Reactive Oxygen Species', 'Uncoupling Protein 2', 'Ventricular Function, Left', 'Ventricular Function, Right', 'Ventricular Remodeling']
| 30,850,841
|
[['B01.050'], ['A11.251'], ['D05.750.078.280.300.100', 'D12.776.860.300.250.300.100'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['A11.329.228'], ['C23.550.355'], ['G05.308.203.374'], ['C14.280.434'], ['C08.381.423', 'C14.907.489.556'], ['C14.280.195.410', 'C23.300.775.250.401'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['B01.050.050.136.500.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.455', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800.500'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.564.627.603', 'A11.284.835.626.627.603'], ['A07.541.704.570', 'A10.690.552.750.570', 'A11.620.500'], ['D01.339.431', 'D01.650.775'], ['D12.776.157.530.937.598.750', 'D12.776.543.585.475.688.750', 'D12.776.543.585.937.696.750', 'D12.776.575.750.688.750'], ['G09.330.955.800'], ['G09.330.955.900'], ['C23.300.985', 'G09.330.955.975']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Recombinant gamma interferon is a potent adjuvant for a malaria vaccine in mice.
|
Mice were protected against lethal Plasmodium yoelii malaria by vaccination with a Triton X-100 lysate of whole parasitized erythrocytes. For full effectiveness this vaccine required an adjuvant, and we have found that recombinant gamma-interferon has strong adjuvanticity in this model when given either intraperitoneally or subcutaneously. Specific immune responses that were enhanced included antibody, T cell help, and delayed hypersensitivity.
|
['Adjuvants, Immunologic', 'Animals', 'Antigens', 'Antigens, Protozoan', 'Female', 'Histocompatibility Antigens Class II', 'Hypersensitivity, Delayed', 'Interferon-gamma', 'Malaria', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Recombinant Proteins', 'Vaccines, Synthetic']
| 3,113,784
|
[['D27.505.696.477.067'], ['B01.050'], ['D23.050'], ['D23.050.293'], ['D12.776.395.550.509', 'D12.776.543.550.440', 'D23.050.301.500.400', 'D23.050.705.552.410'], ['C20.543.418'], ['D12.644.276.374.440.893', 'D12.644.276.374.480.615.350', 'D12.776.467.374.440.893', 'D12.776.467.374.480.615.350', 'D23.529.374.440.893', 'D23.529.374.480.615.350'], ['C01.610.752.530', 'C01.920.875'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['D12.776.828'], ['D12.776.828.868', 'D20.215.894.865', 'D23.050.865']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
DNA detection using functionalized conducting polymers.
|
A well-defined DNA bioconjugated surface is a key component in the development of efficient biosensor platforms for diseases, ranging from point-of-care detection of pathogens and viruses to personalized diagnostics and medication, as well as for drug discovery, forensics, and food technology. We herein describe a universal and rapid methodology to construct such surfaces based on functionalized conducting polymer thin films. The conducting polymers combine sensing properties with the ability to act as signal transducers for the biorecognition event. We have shown that biosensor designs based on conducting polymers display a number of advantageous features, such as a long-term stability, label-free sensing, fast analysis, and the capability to apply both electrochemical and fluorescent protocols for DNA detection.
|
['Biosensing Techniques', 'Biotin', 'Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic', 'Carboxylic Acids', 'DNA', 'Electric Conductivity', 'Electrochemistry', 'Oligodeoxyribonucleotides', 'Optical Phenomena', 'Polymers', 'Pyrroles', 'Silanes', 'Spectrometry, Fluorescence', 'Thiophenes']
| 21,674,347
|
[['E05.601.043'], ['D03.383.129.308.080', 'D08.211.096'], ['D03.605.084'], ['D02.241'], ['D13.444.308'], ['G01.358.500.249.277'], ['H01.181.529.307'], ['D13.695.578.424.450'], ['G01.590'], ['D05.750', 'D25.720', 'J01.637.051.720'], ['D03.383.129.578'], ['D01.837.700'], ['E05.196.712.516.600.676', 'E05.196.867.726'], ['D02.886.778', 'D03.383.903']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Isotopic method in the demonstration of diaphragmatic defects in a case of pleural effusion associated with cirrhosis: apropos of a case].
|
A 62-year-old woman presented with massive right-sided hydrothorax associated with cirrhosis of the liver. Chest scintigraphy after intraperitoneal injection of labelled tracer showed movement of the tracer from the peritoneal to the pleural cavity. Medical therapy and thoracocentesis were successful in this case.
|
['Female', 'Humans', 'Hydrothorax', 'Liver Cirrhosis, Alcoholic', 'Middle Aged', 'Pleural Effusion', 'Radionuclide Imaging', 'Technetium Tc 99m Aggregated Albumin']
| 1,755,275
|
[['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C08.528.476'], ['C06.552.630.380', 'C06.552.645.590', 'C23.550.355.412.380', 'C25.775.100.087.645.550'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C08.528.652'], ['E01.370.350.710', 'E01.370.384.730'], ['D02.691.825.375', 'D12.776.034.900']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Overexpression of the CD155 gene in human colorectal carcinoma.
|
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The Tage4 gene (tumour associated glycoprotein E4) is overexpressed in rat colon tumours and Min mouse intestinal adenomas. The rat Tage4 protein has approximately 40% identity with human CD155, a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily coding for a transmembrane protein capable of serving as an entry receptor for poliovirus, porcine pseudorabies virus, and bovine herpesvirus 1. Analysis of the rat Tage4 gene has revealed structural and functional similarities with the human CD155 gene. We therefore investigated expression of the CD155 gene in human colorectal carcinomas.METHODS: Overall CD155 expression was assessed by semiquantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemical analysis using tissue specimens from patients with colorectal adenomas and adenocarcinomas. We also used a qualitative RT-PCR assay to determine relative expression of different splicing variants in each sample.RESULTS: mRNA levels of CD155 were increased in six of six colorectal cancer tissues compared with the tumour free colon mucosa. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed an increased level of CD155 protein in 12 of 12 samples. The qualitative RT-PCR assay revealed that relative expression of the different CD155 variant transcripts was similar in the different normal and cancer samples tested, indicating that this overexpression is not associated with a particular mRNA variant generated by alternative splicing of the CD155 gene.CONCLUSION: We have shown for the first time that the CD155 gene is overexpressed in colorectal carcinoma and that this overexpression begins at an early stage in tumorigenesis and continues to late stages.
|
['Adenocarcinoma', 'Adenoma', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Alternative Splicing', 'Antibodies, Monoclonal', 'Blotting, Western', 'Colorectal Neoplasms', 'Electrophoresis, Agar Gel', 'Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel', 'Female', 'Flow Cytometry', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Membrane Proteins', 'Middle Aged', 'Oligonucleotide Probes', 'Protein Isoforms', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Receptors, Virus', 'Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction']
| 11,454,801
|
[['C04.557.470.200.025'], ['C04.557.470.035'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['G02.111.760.700.100', 'G03.839.700.100', 'G05.308.700.700.100'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224'], ['E05.196.401.143', 'E05.301.300.096', 'E05.478.566.320.200', 'E05.601.262', 'E05.601.470.320.200'], ['C04.588.274.476.411.307', 'C06.301.371.411.307', 'C06.405.249.411.307', 'C06.405.469.158.356', 'C06.405.469.491.307', 'C06.405.469.860.180'], ['E05.196.401.153', 'E05.301.300.100'], ['E05.196.401.402', 'E05.301.300.319'], ['E01.370.225.500.363.342', 'E01.370.225.500.386.350', 'E05.196.712.516.600.240.350', 'E05.200.500.363.342', 'E05.200.500.386.350', 'E05.242.363.342', 'E05.242.386.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.543'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D13.444.600.601', 'D27.505.259.750.600.650', 'D27.720.470.530.600.650'], ['D12.776.800'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['D12.776.543.750.830'], ['E05.393.620.500.725']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Molecular neuroimaging in primary progressive aphasia with predominant agraphia.
|
A 62-year-old male presented with progressive isolated writing and spelling difficulties. Neurological, neuropsychological, speech, and language evaluations identified only minimal additional abnormalities. The presenting characteristics did not meet criteria for any particular variant of primary progressive aphasia; his clinical presentation is best described as primary progressive aphasia, with a predominant, almost pure agraphia. Brain MRI showed asymmetric, bilateral parenchymal volume loss, with left hippocampal atrophy. Fluorodeoxyglucose-F18 positron emission tomography showed hypometabolism in the lateral left frontal lobe, including Exner's area. Beta-amyloid and tau-positron emission tomography scans were negative, indicating the etiology was not Alzheimer's disease. The underlying neurodegenerative process is most likely related to TDP-43, although a 4-repeat tauopathy cannot be excluded. Following his clinical evolution, and ultimately identifying the underlying pathology from autopsy, will elucidate the etiology of this interesting clinical presentation.
|
['Agraphia', 'Aphasia, Primary Progressive', 'Brain', 'Humans', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Positron-Emission Tomography']
| 29,569,990
|
[['C10.597.606.150.500.050', 'C23.888.592.604.150.500.050'], ['C10.228.140.380.132', 'C10.597.606.150.500.800.100.155', 'C23.888.592.604.150.500.800.100.155', 'F03.615.400.125'], ['A08.186.211'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.370.350.350.800.700', 'E01.370.350.600.350.800.399', 'E01.370.350.710.800.399', 'E01.370.350.825.800.399', 'E01.370.384.730.800.399']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Beta2-adrenoceptor-mediated prejunctional facilitation and postjunctional inhibition of sympathetic neuroeffector transmission in the guinea pig vas deferens.
|
This study examines the role of prejunctional and postjunctional beta-adrenoceptors in the modulation of sympathetic cotransmission in the guinea pig vas deferens. The prejunctional involvement of beta-adrenoceptors was evaluated by testing the effects of several agonists and antagonists on the nerve stimulation-evoked overflow of ATP and norepinephrine (NE) from the "in vitro" vas deferens. The nonsubtype-selective beta-adrenoceptor agonist isoproterenol and the beta2-subtype-selective agonist clenbuterol increased, to a similar degree, the overflow of ATP and NE, while the beta1-subtype-selective agonist xamoterol and the beta3-subtype-selective agonist BRL 37 344 had no effect. Pretreatment with ICI 118, 551, a beta2-subtype-selective antagonist, abolished the facilitation of cotransmitter release by isoproterenol and clenbuterol, while the beta1-subtype-selective antagonist atenolol had no effect. Activation of beta-adrenoceptors by either isoproterenol or clenbuterol, but not by xamoterol and BRL 37 344, reduced the amplitude of contractions evoked by exogenously applied ATP. Pretreatment with propranolol or ICI 118, 551, but not atenolol, prevented these inhibitory effects. Isoproterenol in lower concentrations produced dose-dependent reduction of the purinergic but not the adrenergic phase of nerve stimulation-induced contraction of the guinea pig vas deferens. When applied in concentrations greater than 1 microM, isoproterenol, but not clenbuterol, actually produced a concentration-dependent facilitation of contractions evoked by both nerve stimulation and exogenously applied ATP. Antagonists of alpha-adrenoceptors blocked these facilitatory effects. Together, these results demonstrate that beta2-adrenoceptors can influence sympathetic neuroeffector transmission both prejunctionally, where they facilitate equally well the release of sympathetic cotransmitters and postjunctionally, where they inhibit smooth muscle contractions evoked by ATP.
|
['Adenosine Triphosphate', 'Adrenergic alpha-Agonists', 'Adrenergic beta-Agonists', 'Animals', 'Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'Electric Stimulation', 'Guinea Pigs', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Male', 'Muscle Contraction', 'Neuroeffector Junction', 'Norepinephrine', 'Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2', 'Receptors, Presynaptic', 'Sympathetic Nervous System', 'Synaptic Transmission', 'Vas Deferens']
| 11,454,924
|
[['D03.633.100.759.646.138.236', 'D13.695.667.138.236', 'D13.695.827.068.236'], ['D27.505.519.625.050.100.100', 'D27.505.696.577.050.100.100'], ['D27.505.519.625.050.100.200', 'D27.505.696.577.050.100.200'], ['B01.050'], ['E05.196.181.400.300'], ['E05.723.402'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.550'], ['E05.481'], ['G11.427.494'], ['A08.800.550.550', 'A08.850.550', 'A11.284.149.165.420.780.550'], ['D02.033.100.291.502', 'D02.092.063.480', 'D02.092.211.215.746', 'D02.092.311.830', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.175.830'], ['D12.776.543.750.670.300.300.340.200', 'D12.776.543.750.695.150.300.340.725', 'D12.776.543.750.720.330.300.340.200'], ['D12.776.543.750.720.670'], ['A08.800.050.800'], ['G02.111.820.850', 'G04.835.850', 'G07.265.880', 'G11.561.830'], ['A05.360.444.930']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Evaluation of a dimeric inhibin-A assay for assessing fetal Down syndrome: establishment, comparison, and monitoring of median concentrations for normal pregnancies.
|
CONTEXT: Several studies report the role of dimeric inhibin-A in assessing risk for fetal Down syndrome. The majority, however, use the Serotec inhibin-A assay and not the newer Diagnostic Systems Laboratories inhibin-A enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).OBJECTIVES: To establish normal gestational age day-specific medians, to compare our results against previous studies pertaining to the inhibin-A ELISA, and to evaluate long-term assay performance.DESIGN: Using the inhibin-A ELISA, 100 specimens were assayed for each completed week of gestation for weeks 15 to 20, 50 specimens for 14 weeks, and 54 specimens for 21 weeks or older. Regressed inhibin-A medians were calculated employing a second-degree polynomial fit of the arithmetic medians. Thereafter, inhibin-A ELISA lot comparisons were performed to evaluate consistency.RESULTS: Regressed values of 182, 174, 175, 184, 201, and 226 pg/mL resulted for weeks 15 to 20, respectively [pg/mL inhibin-A = 4.1528(gestational age)2 - 136.49(gestational age) + 1294.9]. A comparison with 2 other studies shows our values to be lower overall by 15 +/- 11.4% and 16 +/- 2.6%. However, variability between kit lots was as high as 30%.CONCLUSIONS: The equation derived provides for the calculation of gestational age day-specific inhibin-A medians for integration into maternal serum screening programs with a subsequent decrease in false-positives expected and observed. Our medians differ considerably from those of other studies, with limited data, using the Diagnostic Systems assay. However, lot changes since the initial analysis have exhibited similar inconsistencies. Therefore, we recommend that others incorporating the assay into their screening programs carefully establish, monitor, and adjust their medians accordingly as a result of potential variations.
|
['Biomarkers', 'Chorionic Gonadotropin', 'Dimerization', 'Down Syndrome', 'Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay', 'Estriol', 'Female', 'Fetal Diseases', 'Gestational Age', 'Humans', 'Inhibins', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Pregnancy', 'Pregnancy Trimester, Second', 'Prenatal Diagnosis', 'Reagent Kits, Diagnostic', 'Reference Values', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'alpha-Fetoproteins']
| 15,043,467
|
[['D23.101'], ['D06.472.699.322.326', 'D06.472.699.649.367', 'D12.644.548.726.367', 'D12.776.780.400'], ['G02.206', 'G03.230'], ['C10.597.606.360.220', 'C16.131.077.327', 'C16.131.260.260', 'C16.320.180.260'], ['E05.478.566.350.170', 'E05.478.566.380.360', 'E05.478.583.400.170', 'E05.601.470.350.170', 'E05.601.470.380.360'], ['D04.210.500.365.415.331', 'D06.472.334.851.437.750'], ['C13.703.277', 'C16.300'], ['G07.345.500.325.235.968', 'G08.686.320'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D06.472.334.968', 'D06.472.699.337', 'D12.644.548.387', 'D12.776.395.439'], ['E05.318.370.800.650', 'N05.715.360.325.700.640', 'N06.850.520.445.800.650'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['G08.686.707.490'], ['E01.370.378.630'], ['D27.505.259.875', 'D27.720.470.410.680', 'E07.720'], ['E05.978.810'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['D12.776.124.790.106.092', 'D12.776.320.525.500', 'D12.776.377.228.500', 'D12.776.377.715.085.092', 'D23.101.140.050']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Improved Nonenzymatic Glucose Sensing Properties of Pd/MnO2
|
The electrocatalytic properties of manganese oxide (MnO2) can be improved significantly by making hybrids/composites with noble metals (Au, Pd). Here, efforts have been made to synthesize the MnO2/Au and MnO2/Pd nanocomposites by a facile, rapid microwave irradiation method. The products characterized by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy exhibited their tetragonal phase and nanosheet morphology. The efficiency of the prepared composite materials as glucose sensor was tested by cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry measurements, and the results are discussed. The study revealed that successful modification of MnO2 by Pd led to excellent sensing performance by the reduction of size and the synergistic effect between MnO2 and PdO, which expedites the electron transfer. Besides, the wide detection range, good selectivity, and stability demonstrate its robustness in the design of electrochemical sensor platform. To get theoretical insight into the excellent sensing performance of MnO2/Pd, we have performed detailed density functional theory simulations to explore the charge transfer and bonding mechanism of glucose on MnO2 and Pd/Au-doped MnO2 surface. Pd is bonded strongly on MnO2 and makes MnO2/Pd more conducting due to the enhancement of density of states near Fermi level. The higher binding energy of glucose and enhanced charge transfer from glucose to Pd-doped MnO2 compared to bare MnO2 infer that Pd-doped MnO2 possess superior charge-transfer kinetics, resulting in higher glucose sensing performance, which supports our experimental observations.
|
['Biosensing Techniques', 'Catalysis', 'Electrochemical Techniques', 'Electrodes', 'Glucose', 'Gold', 'Lead', 'Manganese Compounds', 'Nanocomposites', 'Oxidation-Reduction', 'Oxides']
| 29,985,615
|
[['E05.601.043'], ['G02.130'], ['E05.301'], ['E07.305.250'], ['D09.947.875.359.448'], ['D01.268.556.322', 'D01.268.956.186', 'D01.552.544.322'], ['D01.268.556.435', 'D01.552.544.435'], ['D01.530'], ['J01.637.512.150'], ['G02.700', 'G03.295.531'], ['D01.248.497.158.685', 'D01.650.550']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Cell culture on microfabricated one-dimensional polymeric structures for bio-actuator and bio-bot applications.
|
Here, we present the development, characterization and quantification of a novel 1D/2D like polymeric platform for cell culture. The platform consists of a 2D surface anchoring a long (few millimeters) narrow filament (1D) with a single cell scale (micro scale) cross section. We plate C2C12 cells on the platform and characterize their migration, proliferation, and differentiation patterns in contrast to 2D culture. We find that the cells land on the 2D surface, and then migrate to the filament only when the 2D surface has become nearly confluent. Individual and isolated cells randomly approaching the filament always retract away towards the 2D surface. Once on the filament, their differentiation to myotubes is expedited compared to that on 2D substrate. The myotubes generate periodic twitching forces that deform the filament producing more than 17 ìm displacement at the tip. Such flagellar motion can be used to develop autonomous micro scale bio-bots.
|
['Actins', 'Animals', 'Biomimetics', 'Cell Culture Techniques', 'Cell Differentiation', 'Cell Movement', 'Cell Nucleus', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Dimethylpolysiloxanes', 'Mice', 'Microtechnology', 'Mitosis', 'Muscle Fibers, Skeletal']
| 25,712,193
|
[['D05.750.078.730.250', 'D12.776.210.500.100', 'D12.776.220.525.255'], ['B01.050'], ['H01.158.550.100', 'J01.897.120.100'], ['E01.370.225.500.223', 'E05.200.500.265', 'E05.242.223', 'E05.481.500.249'], ['G04.152'], ['G04.198', 'G07.568.500.180'], ['A11.284.430.106', 'A11.284.430.214.190.875.117'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['D02.756.650.700.150', 'D05.750.900.850.150', 'D25.720.900.850.150', 'J01.637.051.720.900.850.150'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['H01.570', 'J01.897.520.500'], ['G04.144.220.220.781', 'G05.113.220.781'], ['A10.690.552.500.500', 'A11.620.249']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Exploring the cytoskeleton during intracytoplasmic sperm injection in humans.
|
Understanding the cellular events during fertilization in mammals is a major challenge that can contribute to the improvement of future infertility treatments in humans and reproductive performance in farm animals. Of special interest is the role of the oocyte and sperm cytoskeleton during the initial interaction between gametes. The aim of this chapter is to describe methods for studying cytoskeletal features during in vitro fertilization after intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) in humans. The following protocols will provide a detailed description of how to perform immunodetection and imaging of human eggs, zygotes, and sperm by fluorescence (confocal and epifluorescence) and electron microscopy.
|
['Cytoskeleton', 'DNA', 'Fertilization', 'Humans', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Male', 'Microscopy, Fluorescence', 'Oocytes', 'Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic', 'Sperm Tail', 'Tissue Fixation', 'Zygote']
| 19,085,137
|
[['A11.284.430.214.190.750'], ['D13.444.308'], ['G08.686.784.277'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['E01.370.350.515.458', 'E05.595.458'], ['A05.360.490.690.680', 'A11.497.497.600'], ['E02.875.800.750.700', 'E05.820.800.750.700'], ['A05.360.490.890.840', 'A11.284.180.290.835', 'A11.497.760.500'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.760.720', 'E01.370.225.750.600.760.720', 'E05.200.500.620.760.720', 'E05.200.750.600.760.720'], ['A05.360.490.690.970', 'A11.497.497.950', 'A16.950']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Evaluation of genotoxicity of Yukmijihwang-tang, a herbal formula.
|
Yukmijihwang-tang (Liu wei di huang tang, Rokumigan; YMJ) has been used for body enrichment; however, little toxicological evaluation of YMJ has been performed to assure its safety for clinical treatment. To increase the safety information for YMJ, its genotoxicity was evaluated. There was no increase in the number of revertant colonies in four strains of Salmonella typhimurium or one strain of Escherichia coli at any concentration of YMJ studied, regardless of the including when dosed with YMJ metabolized with and S-9 microsomal fraction. YMJ significantly increased structural aberrations in Chinese hamster lung (CHL) cells at the high concentrations (2500 and 5000 ìg/ml) in the presence or absence of metabolic activation by the S-9 microsomal fraction. Oral administration of YMJ at doses up to 2000 mg/kg did not increase the incidence of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes in bone marrow. These results suggest that YMJ is not genotoxic at the proper dose.
|
['Animals', 'Cell Line', 'Cricetinae', 'Cricetulus', 'Drug Evaluation, Preclinical', 'Drugs, Chinese Herbal', 'Erythrocytes', 'Female', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred ICR', 'Micronucleus Tests', 'Mutagenicity Tests', 'Plant Preparations']
| 21,241,764
|
[['B01.050'], ['A11.251.210'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.075.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.075.250.250'], ['E05.290.750', 'E05.337.550'], ['D20.215.784.500.350', 'D26.335'], ['A11.118.290', 'A11.443.240', 'A15.145.229.334'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.510', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.510'], ['E05.393.560.598'], ['E05.393.560', 'E05.940.560'], ['D20.215.784']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Acute kidney injury after transcatheter aortic valve implantation and mortality risk-long-term follow-up.
|
BACKGROUND: Acute kidney injury (AKI) complicating transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is relatively frequent and associated with significant morbidity. Previous studies have shown a higher 30-day and 1-year mortality risk in patients with periprocedural AKI. Our aim was to identify the prognostic impact of periprocedural AKI on long-term follow-up.METHODS: This is a single-center prospective study evaluating patients undergoing TAVI for severe aortic stenosis. AKI was defined according to the Valve Academic Research Consortium 2 definition, as an absolute increase in serum creatinine ?0.3 mg/dL or an increase >50% within the first week following TAVI. Mortality data were compared between patients who developed AKI and those who did not. Logistic and Cox regressions were used for survival analysis.RESULTS: The final analysis included 1086 consecutive TAVI patients. AKI occurred in 201 patients (18.5%). During the follow-up period, 289 patients died. AKI was associated with an increased risk of 30-day mortality {4.5 versus 1.9% in the non-AKI group; hazard ratio [HR] 3.70 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.35-10.13]}. Although 1-year mortality was higher in the AKI group in univariate analysis, it was not significant after a multivariate regression. AKI was a strong predictor of longer-term mortality [42.3 versus 22.7% for 7-year mortality; HR 1.71 (95% CI 1.30-2.25)]. In 189 of 201 patients we had data regarding recovery from AKI up to 30 days after discharge. In patients with recovery from AKI, the mortality rate was lower (38.2 versus 56.6% in the nonrecovery group; P = 0.022).CONCLUSIONS: Periprocedural AKI following TAVI is a strong risk factor for short-term as well as long-term mortality (up to 7 years). Therefore more effort is needed to reduce this complication.
|
['Acute Kidney Injury', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Aortic Valve Stenosis', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Prognosis', 'Prospective Studies', 'Risk Factors', 'Survival Rate', 'Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement']
| 30,169,857
|
[['C12.777.419.780.050', 'C13.351.968.419.780.050'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['C14.280.484.048.750', 'C14.280.955.249'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.789'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.900', 'N01.224.935.698.826', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.900', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.900'], ['E04.100.376.485.500', 'E04.650.410.500', 'E04.928.220.410.500']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Retrospective analysis of clinical information in Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever patients: 2014-2015, India.
|
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES: Differential diagnosis of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) from other acute febrile illnesses with haemorrhagic manifestation is challenging in India. Nosocomial infection is a significant mode of transmission due to exposure of healthcare workers to blood and body fluids of infected patients. Being a risk group 4 virus, laboratory confirmation of infection is not widely available. In such a situation, early identification of potential CCHF patients would be useful in limiting the spread of the disease. The objective of this study was to retrospectively analyse clinical and laboratory findings of CCHF patients that might be useful in early detection of a CCHF case in limited resource settings.METHODS: Retrospective analysis of clinical and laboratory data of patients suspected to have CCHF referred for diagnosis from Gujarat and Rajasthan States of India (2014-2015) was done. Samples were tested using CCHF-specific real time reverse transcription (RT)-PCR and IgM ELISA.RESULTS: Among the 69 patients referred, 21 were laboratory confirmed CCHF cases of whom nine had a history of occupational exposure. No clustering of cases was noted. Platelet count cut-off for detection of positive cases by receiver operating characteristic curve was 21.5?10[9]/l with sensitivity 82.4 per cent and specificity 82.1 per cent. Melaena was a significant clinical presentation in confirmed positive CCHF patients.INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSIONS: The study findings suggest that in endemic areas thrombocytopenia and melaena may be early indicators of CCHF. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Antibodies, Viral', 'Cross Infection', 'Diagnosis, Differential', 'Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay', 'Female', 'Health Personnel', 'Hemorrhagic Fever Virus, Crimean-Congo', 'Hemorrhagic Fever, Crimean', 'Humans', 'India', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Young Adult']
| 28,948,959
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.254', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.254', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.254'], ['C01.248', 'C23.550.291.875.500'], ['E01.171'], ['E05.478.566.350.170', 'E05.478.566.380.360', 'E05.478.583.400.170', 'E05.601.470.350.170', 'E05.601.470.380.360'], ['M01.526.485', 'N02.360'], ['B04.820.480.750.565.400'], ['C01.920.500.528', 'C01.920.930.430', 'C01.925.081.522', 'C01.925.782.147.444', 'C01.925.782.417.412'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.252.245.393'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Control of singlet oxygen generation photosensitized by meso-anthrylporphyrin through interaction with DNA.
|
To control the activity of photosensitized singlet oxygen ((1)O(2)) generation, the electron donor-connecting porphyrin, 5-(9'-anthryl)-10,15,20-tris(p-pyridyl)porphyrin (AnTPyP), was designed and synthesized. AnTPyP became water-soluble by the protonation of the pyridyl moieties in the presence of 5 mM trifluoroacetic acid (pH 2.3). The photoexcited state of the porphyrin ring in an AnTPyP molecule was effectively deactivated by intramolecular electron transfer from the anthracene moiety within 0.04 ns in an aqueous solution. The deactivation was suppressed by the interaction with a DNA strand, resulting in the elongation of the lifetime of the porphyrin excited state and the enhancement of the fluorescence intensity. Furthermore, it was confirmed that the interaction enabled the photoexcited AnTPyP to generate (1)O(2). Selective (1)O(2) generation by forming a complex with DNA should be the initial step to realize the target selective photodynamic therapy.
|
['Anthracenes', 'Antineoplastic Agents', 'DNA', 'Electron Transport', 'Fluorescence', 'Humans', 'Light', 'Models, Molecular', 'Neoplasms', 'Oligonucleotides', 'Oxidation-Reduction', 'Photochemistry', 'Photochemotherapy', 'Photosensitizing Agents', 'Porphyrins', 'Singlet Oxygen', 'Spectrometry, Fluorescence', 'Trifluoroacetic Acid']
| 21,466,558
|
[['D02.455.426.559.847.117', 'D04.615.117'], ['D27.505.954.248'], ['D13.444.308'], ['G02.111.248', 'G03.295.531.403', 'G03.493.350'], ['G01.358.500.505.650.665.500', 'G01.590.540.665.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G01.358.500.505.650', 'G01.590.540', 'G01.750.250.650', 'G01.750.770.578'], ['E05.599.595'], ['C04'], ['D13.695.578.424'], ['G02.700', 'G03.295.531'], ['H01.181.529.711'], ['E02.186.500', 'E02.319.685', 'E02.774.722'], ['D27.505.954.444.600', 'D27.505.954.600.710'], ['D03.383.129.578.840.500', 'D03.633.400.909.500', 'D04.345.783.500', 'D23.767.727'], ['D01.339.431.500'], ['E05.196.712.516.600.676', 'E05.196.867.726'], ['D02.241.081.018.285.500', 'D02.455.526.510.286.500']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Organization of the albumin and alpha-fetoprotein genes in fetal and adult rat tissues, and rat hepatomas.
|
We compared the organization of the albumin and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) genes in chromosomal DNA from different fetal and adult rat tissues as well as from two rat hepatomas. These two genes are expressed at widely different levels in the tissues and hepatomas analysed. Southern blots of DNAs digested with the restriction endonucleases EcoRI, HindIII or MspI were hybridized to albumin and AFP complementary DNA (cDNA) and genomic probes. No significant difference was observed in the hybridization patterns obtained for the DNAs from the different tissues, except for some interstrain variation between the chromosomal DNAs isolated from Sprague-Dawley and Buffalo rats, which was due to allelic polymorphism. We cannot rule out the possibility of changes in chromosomal gene organization which would result either in small alterations of restriction fragment size or in translocations of large blocks of DNA containing whole sets of restriction enzyme fragments within the chromosome; however, our results indicate that the gross organization of the albumin and AFP genes remains constant throughout the regulatory processes involved in the tissue- and time-specific transcription of these genes.
|
['Albumins', 'Animals', 'Cell Line', 'Chromosomes', 'DNA', 'DNA Restriction Enzymes', 'Electrophoresis, Agar Gel', 'Fetus', 'Liver Neoplasms', 'Liver Neoplasms, Experimental', 'Male', 'Nucleic Acid Hybridization', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred BUF', 'Rats, Inbred Strains', 'alpha-Fetoproteins']
| 2,416,621
|
[['D12.776.034'], ['B01.050'], ['A11.251.210'], ['A11.284.187', 'A11.284.430.106.279.345.190', 'G05.360.162'], ['D13.444.308'], ['D08.811.150.280', 'D08.811.277.352.335.350.300', 'D08.811.277.352.355.325.300'], ['E05.196.401.153', 'E05.301.300.100'], ['A16.378'], ['C04.588.274.623', 'C06.301.623', 'C06.552.697'], ['C04.588.274.623.460', 'C04.619.540', 'C06.301.623.460', 'C06.552.697.580', 'E05.598.500.496.750'], ['E05.393.661', 'G02.111.611'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760.130', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400.130'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400'], ['D12.776.124.790.106.092', 'D12.776.320.525.500', 'D12.776.377.228.500', 'D12.776.377.715.085.092', 'D23.101.140.050']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Association between quantitative MRI and ICRS arthroscopic grading of articular cartilage.
|
PURPOSE: To investigate the association of quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (qMRI) parameters with arthroscopic grading of cartilage degeneration. Arthroscopy of the knee is considered to be the gold standard of osteoarthritis diagnostics; however, it is operator-dependent and limited to the evaluation of the articular surface. qMRI provides information on the quality of articular cartilage and its changes even at early stages of a disease.METHODS: qMRI techniques included T 1 relaxation time, T 2 relaxation time, and delayed gadolinium-enhanced MRI of cartilage mapping at 3 T in ten patients. Due to a lack of generally accepted semiquantitative scoring systems for evaluating severity of cartilage degeneration during arthroscopy, the International Cartilage Repair Society (ICRS) classification system was used to grade the severity of cartilage lesions. qMRI parameters were statistically compared to arthroscopic grading conducted with the ICRS classification system.RESULTS: qMRI parameters were not linearly related to arthroscopic grading. Spearman's correlation coefficients between qMRI and arthroscopic grading were not significant. The relative differences in qMRI parameters of superficial and deep cartilage varied with degeneration, suggesting different macromolecular alterations in different cartilage zones.CONCLUSIONS: Results suggest that loss of cartilage and the quality of remaining tissue in the lesion site may not be directly associated with each other. The severity of cartilage degeneration may not be revealed solely by diagnostic arthroscopy, and thus, qMRI can have a role in the investigation of cartilage degeneration.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Arthroscopy', 'Cartilage, Articular', 'Contrast Media', 'Female', 'Gadolinium DTPA', 'Humans', 'Knee Joint', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Middle Aged']
| 25,209,205
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E01.370.388.250.070', 'E04.502.250.070', 'E04.555.113'], ['A02.165.407.150', 'A02.835.583.192'], ['D27.505.259.500', 'D27.720.259'], ['D02.092.782.590.401', 'D02.241.081.018.639.400', 'D02.257.141'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A02.835.583.475'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['M01.060.116.630']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Comparative dopamine-acetylcholine interactions in the ventral and dorsal striatum of rabbit and rat brain.
|
The dopamine (DA)-acetylcholine (ACh) interactions were investigated in dorsal (nucleus caudate, NC) and ventral (olfactory tubercle, OT) striatal regions, of rats and rabbits. Both regions receive a dense dopaminergic innervation and have high ACh concentrations. Brain slices of NC and OT from both animal species were prelabeled with [3H]choline and superfused. In rat and rabbit OT and NC, higher ACh release per pulse was elicited by lower than higher stimulation frequencies; in addition, rabbit tissues released a greater fraction of tissue [3H]transmitter than rat tissues. Blockade of D2 DA-receptors with sulpiride (1 microM), did not modify ACh release in OT and NC of rats and rabbits; suggesting that the lower ACh release observed in rat tissues is not due to an inhibitory dopaminergic tone on cholinergic neurons. Apomorphine (APO), a D2 DA-receptor agonist, inhibited in a concentration-dependent manner the evoked release of ACh from rat and rabbit NC (maximal inhibition = 90%). In rabbit OT, maximal inhibition induced by APO was 49 +/- 2% and in the rat OT, it was 23 +/- 1%. Sulpiride antagonized APO-induced inhibition of ACh release from rat and rabbit NC; however, it failed to prevent APO-induced inhibition in rat OT, and in the rabbit OT reduced it from 47% to 20 +/- 5%. These results indicate differences in the wiring of DA and cholinergic neurons and terminals in dorsal and ventral striatal structures, as well as between rat and rabbit tissues. Cholinergic ventral striatal structures may not receive a direct DA input, and afferent cholinergic nerve terminals (rather than interneurons) predominate in the ventral striatum.
|
['Acetylcholine', 'Analysis of Variance', 'Animals', 'Apomorphine', 'Caudate Nucleus', 'Dopamine', 'Dopamine Agonists', 'Male', 'Olfactory Pathways', 'Rabbits', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Receptors, Dopamine D2', 'Sulpiride', 'Tritium']
| 8,891,253
|
[['D02.092.211.111'], ['E05.318.740.150', 'N05.715.360.750.125', 'N06.850.520.830.150'], ['B01.050'], ['D03.132.098.038.290', 'D03.633.100.531.085.030.290', 'D03.633.400.095.290'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.249.487.550.184'], ['D02.092.211.215.406', 'D02.092.311.342', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.175.342'], ['D27.505.519.625.150.151', 'D27.505.696.577.150.151'], ['A08.186.211.180.699', 'A08.612.220.640'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.968.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['D12.776.543.750.670.300.400.500', 'D12.776.543.750.695.150.400.500', 'D12.776.543.750.720.330.400.500'], ['D02.065.277.866', 'D02.241.223.100.100.866', 'D02.455.426.559.389.127.085.866'], ['D01.268.406.875', 'D01.362.340.875', 'D01.496.749.925']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Clinical features of neurotoxic snake bite and response to antivenom in 47 children.
|
Among 47 children admitted to the Chulalongkorn Medical School Hospital for neurotoxic snake bite, the attackers were identified in 15; the cobra (Naja naja) was the snake involved in all cases. Clinical manifestations in all 47 children appeared to follow a similar pattern. Drowsiness heralded the systemic effects in most of the patients. The characteristic systemic signs were those resulting from the neuromuscular effects of the venom and included ptosis, frothy saliva, slurred speech, respiratory failure, and paralysis of the skeletal muscles. These episodes occurred within 8 hours in 94% of the cases, and at the latest 19 hours following the bite. In some cases unconsciousness accompanied respiratory failure. Necrosis in the region of the bite, the prominent local sign, developed in 40% of the cases at the end of the 1st week after the bite. Infusion of specific antivenom was an effective therapeutic measure for the neuromuscular changes. Respiratory assistance was mandatory in cases of respiratory failure. Edrophonium chloride demonstrated a supportive role as a countermeasure against the neuromuscular effects.
|
['Antivenins', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Elapid Venoms', 'Hemoglobins', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Leukocyte Count', 'Male', 'Neuromuscular Diseases', 'Respiration Disorders', 'Seasons', 'Snake Bites', 'Snake Venoms', 'Thailand']
| 6,507,733
|
[['D12.776.124.486.485.114.573.601.138', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.573.601.138', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.573.601.138', 'D20.215.401.601.163'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['D20.888.850.325', 'D23.946.833.850.325'], ['D12.776.124.400', 'D12.776.422.316.762'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['E01.370.225.500.195.107.595', 'E01.370.225.625.107.595', 'E05.200.500.195.107.595', 'E05.200.625.107.595', 'E05.242.195.107.595', 'G04.140.107.595', 'G09.188.105.595'], ['C10.668'], ['C08.618'], ['G01.910.645.661', 'G16.500.275.071.590', 'N06.230.300.100.250.525'], ['C25.723.127.442', 'C26.176.724'], ['D20.888.850', 'D23.946.833.850'], ['Z01.252.145.841']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Integrating systems approaches into pharmaceutical sciences.
|
During the first week of December 2007, the European Federation for Pharmaceutical Sciences (EUFEPS) and BioSim, the major European Network of Excellence on Systems Biology, held a challenging conference on the use of mathematical models in the drug development process. More precisely, the purpose of the conference was to promote the 'Integration of Systems Approaches into Pharmaceutical Sciences' in view of optimising the development of new effective drugs. And a challenge this is, considering both the high attrition rates in the pharmaceutical industry and the failure of finding definitive drug solutions for many of the diseases that plague mankind today. The conference was co-sponsored by the American College of Clinical Pharmacology, the European Center for Pharmaceutical Medicine, and the Swiss Society of Pharmaceutical Sciences and, besides representatives from the European Regulatory Agencies and FDA, the meeting was attended by 75 industrial and some 45 academic participants.
|
['Chemistry, Pharmaceutical', 'Computer Simulation', 'Drug Industry', 'Europe', 'Genomics', 'Models, Statistical', 'Pharmacology, Clinical', 'Systems Biology']
| 18,602,464
|
[['H01.158.703.007', 'H01.181.466'], ['L01.224.160'], ['J01.576.655.750'], ['Z01.542'], ['H01.158.273.180.350', 'H01.158.273.343.350'], ['E05.318.740.500', 'E05.599.835', 'N05.715.360.750.530', 'N06.850.520.830.500'], ['H01.158.703.152', 'H02.628.512'], ['H01.158.273.180.800']]
|
['Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Genetic variability of German hepatitis C virus isolates.
|
Heterogeneity of hepatitis C viral (HCV) genomes of several isolates from different countries has been reported, but there is little information on HCV isolates for the Federal Republic of Germany. Therefore, the nucleotide (nt) and deduced amino acid (aa) sequences of interesting parts of the viral genome derived from different human isolates in Germany were compared with each other and with the nt and predicted aa sequences of recently published isolates. HCV sequences were obtained by reverse transcription of viral RNA extracted from serum followed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification. Within the 5' nontranslated region we found only 3 single nucleotide exchanges among 2 of our isolates, and in comparison to sequences of Japanese isolates 2 to 3 exchanges, and to U.S. isolates 1 to 5 exchanges (homologies 98% to > 99%). Determination of a 249-bp core sequence from two German isolates exhibited 3% sequence divergence. The sequence of the core region (nt 342-911) showed a homology of about 88-91% on nt level and 96-97% on aa level as compared to U.S. isolates and other German isolates, and a homology of 95-96% (nt) and 96-98% (aa), respectively, to Japanese isolates. Less homologies were noticed for the E1 and E2/NS1 genes, especially in the N-terminal E2/NS1 hypervariable domain. Our isolates HD1 and HD2 showed nt sequence homologies of about 72-81% and aa homologies of 76-88% to U.S., German, and French isolates, and 89-91% (nt) and 88-96% (aa), respectively, to Japanese isolates. These results indicate that various German isolates are more closely related to Japanese isolates and differ from other European isolates as reported so far. Because of a nucleotide sequence heterogeneity of up to 10% among the tested isolates, we conclude that more than one closely related but distinct viral genotype of HCV exists in Germany. Furthermore, heterogeneous sequences of HCV can be detected in a single patient suggesting multiple infection with different genomic variants or, alternatively, a genetic drift forced by mutational events as a consequence of host immune selection.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Base Sequence', 'Cloning, Molecular', 'Female', 'France', 'Genes, Viral', 'Genes, env', 'Genetic Variation', 'Germany', 'Hepacivirus', 'Humans', 'Japan', 'Male', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Sequence Homology', 'United States', 'Viral Proteins']
| 8,228,920
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['E05.393.220'], ['Z01.542.286'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.364.875', 'G05.360.340.358.024.875', 'G05.360.340.358.840.500'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.364.875.172', 'G05.360.340.358.024.875.172', 'G05.360.340.358.840.500.172'], ['G05.365'], ['Z01.542.315'], ['B04.450.380', 'B04.820.578.344.475'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.252.474.463', 'Z01.639.595'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['E05.393.620.500'], ['G02.111.810', 'G05.810'], ['Z01.107.567.875'], ['D12.776.964']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
|
Performance of the 2013 American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism Classification Criteria for Systemic Sclerosis (SSc) in large, well-defined cohorts of SSc and mixed connective tissue disease.
|
OBJECTIVE: To assess the 2013 American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism (ACR/EULAR) Classification Criteria for Systemic Sclerosis (SSc) on defined subgroups of SSc and in mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD) as an SSc-related disease.METHODS: The 2013 ACR/EULAR criteria were assessed in 425 consecutive patients suspected to have SSc and seen at Oslo University Hospital, and in the nationwide Norwegian MCTD cohort (n = 178). In the SSc group, 239/425 patients had disease duration < 3 years (in 82 of these, duration was < 1 yr). Patients were subgrouped as limited SSc (n = 294), diffuse SSc (n = 97), SSc sine scleroderma (n = 10), and early SSc (prescleroderma; n = 24). Item data were complete, except nailfold capillaroscopy and telangiectasia results, missing in the MCTD cohort.RESULTS: The 2013 ACR/EULAR SSc criteria were met by 409/425 patients (96%) in the SSc group. For comparison, only 75% (293/391) met the 1980 ACR SSc classification criteria. All the novel items in the 2013 ACR/EULAR criteria were frequent in the SSc cohort. Considering that there were missing data on 2 items, 10% (18/178) of the MCTD cohort met the 2013 ACR/EULAR criteria, giving an estimated specificity of 90% toward this SSc-like disorder.CONCLUSION: In our large and representative group of consecutive patients with SSc, the 2013 ACR/EULAR SSc criteria were more sensitive than the ACR 1980 criteria. However, the new criteria did not completely segregate SSc from MCTD, making specificity a potential issue.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Longitudinal Studies', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Mixed Connective Tissue Disease', 'Rheumatology', 'Scleroderma, Systemic', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Young Adult']
| 25,274,890
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C17.300.540'], ['H02.403.429.730'], ['C17.300.799', 'C17.800.784'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Do suffering patients turn to God?
|
Interpretative data from 300 Catholic hospitals and 48 interviews with Catholic health professionals suggest that patients who have always had faith will turn to God when in distress; patients who did not have faith may still not turn to God; and some patients may reject God entirely through pain and disablement.
|
['Attitude of Health Personnel', 'Attitude to Death', 'Catholicism', 'Humans', 'Pain', 'Pastoral Care', 'Patients', 'Personnel, Hospital', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'United States']
| 10,245,427
|
[['F01.100.050', 'N05.300.100'], ['F01.100.125', 'N05.300.125'], ['K01.844.188.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C23.888.592.612', 'F02.830.816.444', 'G11.561.790.444'], ['F02.784.176.560', 'F02.880.410'], ['M01.643'], ['M01.526.485.740', 'N02.360.740'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Evidence for excitatory 5-HT2-receptors on rat brainstem neurones.
|
1. The technique of microiontophoresis was used to investigate the identity of the receptor mediating the excitatory effects of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) upon neurones in the midline of the medullary brainstem of the rat in vivo. 2. The 5-HT1-like receptor agonists 5-carboxamidotryptamine (5-CT) and 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino) tetralin (8-OH-DPAT) failed to excite the majority of neurones excited by 5-HT. The mobilities of 5-CT and 8-OH-DPAT when tested in vitro were found not to differ significantly from that of 5-HT, suggesting that the lack of effect of these agonists was not due to a lower rate of release from the microelectrodes. 3. The excitatory responses to 5-HT were attenuated by the 5-HT 2-receptor antagonists ketanserin and methysergide when applied microiontophoretically or administered intravenously (0.3 and 1 mg kg-1 respectively). Excitatory responses to glutamate and noradrenaline were not reduced. 4. The 5-HT3-receptor antagonist MDL 72222 failed to attenuate selectively the excitatory response to 5-HT when applied either by microiontophoresis or administered intravenously (1 mg kg-1). 5. Microiontophoretic application of the alpha 1-adrenoceptor antagonist prazosin did not attenuate excitatory responses to either 5-HT or noradrenaline. Intravenously administered prazosin (0.8 mg kg-1) also failed to attenuate excitatory responses to 5-HT, but did block excitatory responses to noradrenaline. 6. These results suggest that 5-HT2-receptors, but not 5-HT1-like receptors, 5-HT3-receptors or alpha 1-adrenoceptors, are involved in the excitatory response of midline medullary neurones to 5-HT.
|
['Action Potentials', 'Animals', 'Brain Stem', 'Ketanserin', 'Male', 'Neurons', 'Norepinephrine', 'Prazosin', 'Rats', 'Receptors, Serotonin', 'Serotonin']
| 3,395,786
|
[['G04.580.100', 'G07.265.675.100', 'G11.561.570.100'], ['B01.050'], ['A08.186.211.132'], ['D03.383.621.365', 'D03.633.100.786.830.333'], ['A08.675', 'A11.671'], ['D02.033.100.291.502', 'D02.092.063.480', 'D02.092.211.215.746', 'D02.092.311.830', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.175.830'], ['D03.633.100.786.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['D12.776.543.750.670.800', 'D12.776.543.750.695.800', 'D12.776.543.750.720.850'], ['D02.092.211.215.801.852', 'D03.633.100.473.914.814', 'D23.469.050.650']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Effects of maternal separation, early handling, and standard facility rearing on orienting and impulsive behavior of adolescent rats.
|
Effects of maternal separation in rats have been extensively investigated, but no studies have examined its effects in rat adolescence. We examined the effects of neonatal infant-mother separation (MS) for 6h/day and early handling (EH) for 10 days during the first 2 weeks of life by comparing MS and EH groups to standard facility reared (SFR) controls. At adolescence, the animals were evaluated in a novel and familiar open-field, the light-dark box, and the sucrose consumption test. Behavioral indices included orienting behavior (rearing frequency and duration), impulsive behavior (movement velocity and risk taking by entering the center of the open field or the light compartment of the light-dark box), hyperactivity (ambulatory distance and stereotypic movement), and reward-seeking behavior (sucrose drinking time). The prolonged MS during the first 2 weeks of life resulted in decreased orienting behavior and increased impulsive behavior in adolescence. Measures of ambulatory and stereotypic movements showed that MS rats were hyperactive in the novel environment whereas EH rats were less active overall. The impulsive/hyperactive phenotype produced by this MS protocol may provide a useful animal model to investigate the neurological basis for the similar behavioral phenotype found in attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
|
['Age Factors', 'Animals', 'Animals, Newborn', 'Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity', 'Behavior, Animal', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Female', 'Impulsive Behavior', 'Maternal Behavior', 'Maternal Deprivation', 'Orientation', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Space Perception']
| 16,242,858
|
[['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['B01.050'], ['B01.050.050.282'], ['F03.625.094.150'], ['F01.145.113'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['F01.145.527'], ['F01.829.263.370.215'], ['F01.829.263.370.240'], ['F01.058.577', 'F02.830.606'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['F02.463.593.778']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Functional human T cell-B cell hybridomas established from fusion of normal T cells and an EBV-transformed B cell line.
|
Human T cell-B cell hybridomas containing 92 chromosomes were derived by fusing normal stimulated CD-depleted T cells with the EBV-transformed human B cell line 729-HF. These hybridomas coexpressed the T cell surface markers CD3, CD8, and CD2 and the B cell surface antigens CD19, CD20, CD23, DR, and DQ. They weakly and variably expressed surface IgM and TCR. Genomic analysis revealed the presence of rearranged Ig genes as well as beta-T cell receptor genes that could be ascribed to the B and T cell parent, respectively. Analysis of TCR rearrangement suggests that the T-B hybridomas are, in fact, subclones of a single dominant clone. Although the hybrids expressed CD8 and not CD4, following preincubation with PWM, some the of clones induced IgG synthesis from normal B cells while the parent B cell line failed to demonstrate this activity. Stimulation of the hybridomas with PMA down-regulated the T cell lineage-specific antigen display (CD3, CD8, and TCR) and increased IgM production from the hybrids without changing B cell surface antigen display. These hybridomas may be useful to dissect the steps involved in the ultimate commitment of a cell to the B or T cell lineages and will be made available to interested investigators.
|
['Antigens, CD', 'B-Lymphocytes', 'Cell Fusion', 'Cell Line', 'Gene Rearrangement, T-Lymphocyte', 'Genes, Immunoglobulin', 'Herpesvirus 4, Human', 'Humans', 'Hybridomas', 'Immunoglobulins', 'Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell', 'T-Lymphocytes', 'Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate']
| 2,152,857
|
[['D23.050.301.264.035', 'D23.101.100.110'], ['A11.063.438', 'A11.118.637.555.567.562', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.562', 'A15.382.032.438', 'A15.382.490.555.567.562'], ['E05.242.307', 'G04.155'], ['A11.251.210'], ['G05.344.801', 'G12.500.287'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.335', 'G12.500.299'], ['B04.280.210.400.500.450', 'B04.280.382.400.500.400', 'B04.613.204.500.500.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A11.251.353.485', 'A11.251.600.485'], ['D12.776.124.486.485', 'D12.776.124.790.651', 'D12.776.377.715.548'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.816.824'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.569', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569'], ['D02.455.849.291.500.510.850']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Implantation of deep brain stimulation electrodes in unshaved patients. Technical note.
|
Although hair removal prior to neurosurgery may increase the risk of infection, the practice of shaving the patient's entire head is still common, particularly in implant surgery. The authors describe a technique for implanting a deep brain stimulation electrode without shaving the patient's hair and present a retrospective analysis of 261 implantations in 221 cases.
|
['Electric Stimulation Therapy', 'Electrodes', 'Female', 'Hair Removal', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Neurosurgery', 'Preoperative Care', 'Scalp', 'Surgical Wound Infection']
| 12,507,152
|
[['E02.331', 'E02.779.468', 'E02.831.535.468'], ['E07.305.250'], ['E02.218.372'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['H02.403.810.425'], ['E02.760.795', 'E04.604.750', 'N02.421.585.795'], ['A01.456.810'], ['C01.947.692', 'C23.550.767.925']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
[The complex grafting of the internal thoracic artery to the coronary arteries].
|
Among the 34 complex internal thoracic artery (ITA) to coronary artery grafts, there were bilateral (in 20 patients), bifurcated (in 8), sequential (in 4), "free" (in 1), left ITA and right radial artery (in 1). It was performed with the "no-touch" technique to the ascending and transverse aorta, cardiopulmonary bypass with an arterial inflow cannulation to the left common femoral artery, with a beating, warm, and vented heart and severe bradycardia induced by a short acting beta 1-blocker. Two latter factors were used to decrease myocardial oxygen consumption and facilitate construction of the ITA to coronary artery anastomoses. There were no operative mortality.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Coronary Disease', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Internal Mammary-Coronary Artery Anastomosis', 'Male', 'Middle Aged']
| 9,173,126
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C14.280.647.250', 'C14.907.585.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E04.100.376.719.332.400', 'E04.100.814.868.750.400', 'E04.928.220.520.220.380'], ['M01.060.116.630']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Ca binding to the human red cell membrane: characterization of membrane preparations and binding sites.
|
Inside out and right side out vesicles were used to study the sidedness of Ca binding to the human red cell membrane. It was shown that these vesicles exhibited only a limited permeability to Ca, enabling the independent characterization of Ca binding to the extracellular and cytoplasmic membrane surfaces...
|
['Adenosine Triphosphate', 'Binding Sites', 'Binding, Competitive', 'Calcium', 'Computers', 'Erythrocyte Membrane', 'Erythrocytes', 'Humans', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Kinetics', 'Potassium', 'Spectrin']
| 11,349
|
[['D03.633.100.759.646.138.236', 'D13.695.667.138.236', 'D13.695.827.068.236'], ['G02.111.570.120'], ['E05.196.080', 'G02.111.084', 'G02.111.570.120.309'], ['D01.268.552.100', 'D01.552.539.288', 'D23.119.100'], ['L01.224.230.260'], ['A11.118.290.270', 'A11.284.149.356', 'A15.145.229.334.270'], ['A11.118.290', 'A11.443.240', 'A15.145.229.334'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G02.300'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['D01.268.549.550', 'D01.268.557.575', 'D01.552.528.652', 'D01.552.547.650'], ['D12.776.220.980', 'D12.776.543.850']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The 2003 outbreak of Dengue fever in Delhi, India.
|
Dengue fever (DF) and Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) are widespread in Southeast Asia. An outbreak of DF/DHF in Delhi in 2003 started during September, reached its peak in October-November, and lasted until early December. This study describes the clinical and laboratory data of the 185 cases of DF/DHF admitted to Lok Nayak Hospital, New Delhi. The mean age of the patients was 26 +/- 10 years. Fever was present in all the cases with an average duration of fever being 4.5 +/- 1.2 days with headache (61.6%), backache, (57.8%), vomiting (50.8%) and abdominal pain (21%) being the other presenting complaints. Hemorrhagic manifestations in the form of a positive tourniquet test (21%), gum bleeding and epistaxis (40%), hematemesis (22%), skin rashes (20%) and melena (14%) were also observed. Hepatomegaly and splenomegaly were observed in 10% and 5% of cases, respectively. Laboratory investigations revealed thrombocytopenia (with a platelet count of < 100,000/microl) in about 61.39% of cases, Leukopenia (WBC <3,000/mm2) and hemoconcentration (Hct >20% of expected for age and sex) were found in 68% and 52% of the cases, respectively. The mortality rate was 2.7%. Despite widespread measures taken to control outbreaks of DF, it caused major outbreaks. More stringent measures in the form of vector control, improved sanitation and health education are needed to decrease morbidity, mortality and health care costs caused by a preventable disease.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Child', 'Dengue', 'Disease Outbreaks', 'Female', 'Humans', 'India', 'Male', 'Medical Audit', 'Middle Aged']
| 16,438,142
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.406'], ['C01.920.500.270', 'C01.925.081.270', 'C01.925.782.350.250.214', 'C01.925.782.417.214'], ['N06.850.290'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.252.245.393'], ['N04.761.700.250.500', 'N05.700.175.500'], ['M01.060.116.630']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
GRP94 promotes muscle differentiation by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.
|
The glucose-regulated endoplasmic reticulum chaperone protein 94 (GRP94) is required for many biological processes, such as secretion of immune factors and mesoderm induction. Here, we demonstrated that GRP94 promotes muscle differentiation in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, GRP94 inhibited the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Using both in vitro and in vivo approaches, in myoblasts, we found that this inhibition resulted in reduced proliferation and increased differentiation. To further investigate the mechanism of GRP94-induced muscle differentiation, we used co-immunoprecipitation and proximity ligation assays and found that GRP94 interacted with PI3K-interacting protein 1 (Pik3ip1). The latter protein promoted muscle differentiation by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Furthermore, GRP94 was found to regulate Pik3ip1 expression. Finally, when Pik3ip1 expression was inhibited, GRP94-induced promotion of muscle differentiation was diminished. Taken together, our data demonstrated that GRP94 promoted muscle differentiation, mediated by Pik3ip1-dependent inhibition of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.
|
['Animals', 'Cell Differentiation', 'Membrane Glycoproteins', 'Mice', 'Muscle Cells', 'Muscle, Skeletal', 'Myoblasts', 'Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt', 'Signal Transduction', 'TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases']
| 31,025,379
|
[['B01.050'], ['G04.152'], ['D12.776.395.550', 'D12.776.543.550'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['A11.620'], ['A02.633.567', 'A10.690.552.500'], ['A11.872.620'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.500'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.755', 'D12.776.476.565', 'D12.776.624.664.700.168'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.931', 'D12.776.476.925']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
A multi-stage shuttle run as a predictor of running performance and maximal oxygen uptake in adults.
|
The aim of this study was to assess the validity of a 20 metre multi-stage shuttle run (20-MST) as both a field test of cardiorespiratory endurance and as a predictor of competitive performance in a 10 kilometre (10 km) race. Nine male subjects (age 35.4 +/- 5.8 years) (mean +/- SD) underwent a laboratory test of maximum oxygen uptake on a treadmill (VO2 max 59.0 +/- 9.9 ml.kg.-1min-1), completed the 20-MST (score 105 +/- 23.7 laps/11.4 +/- 2.7 paliers) and competed in a 10 km race (finishing time 41.8 +/- 7.3 minutes). Analysis using Pearson's Product Moment Coefficient revealed high correlations between these variables (20-MST vs. VO2 max, r = 0.93; 20-MST vs. 10 km, r = -0.93; VO2 max vs. 10 km, r = -0.95). These results confirm that the 20-MST is a valid field test of cardio-respiratory endurance and suggest that it can additionally be used to predict relative running performance over 10 km.
|
['Adult', 'Exercise Test', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Oxygen Consumption', 'Physical Endurance', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Running']
| 3,435,818
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E01.370.370.380.250', 'E01.370.386.700.250', 'E05.333.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G03.680'], ['G11.427.680', 'I03.450.642.845.054.600'], ['E05.318.370.800.650', 'N05.715.360.325.700.640', 'N06.850.520.445.800.650'], ['G11.427.410.568.610', 'G11.427.410.698.277.750', 'I03.350.750', 'I03.450.642.845.610']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
5'-NUCLEOTIDASES OF NAJA NAJA KARACHIENSIS SNAKE VENOM: THEIR DETERMINATION, TOXICITIES AND REMEDIAL APPROACH BY NATURAL INHIBITORS (MEDICINAL PLANTS).
|
Present study was carried out regarding enzymatic assay for 5'-nucleotidase enzymes present in snake venom Naja naja karachiensis and to evaluate twenty eight medicinal plants as their antidotes. Elevated enzymatic activities i.e., 119, 183, 262 and 335 U/mL were observed in 10, 20, 30 and 40 µg of crude venom, respectively, in dose dependent manner. Among various plant extracts only two (Bauhinia vaiiegate L. and Citms linion (L.) Burm. f.) were found 94% effective at 160 µg to neutralize 112 U/mL activities (p 0.5) while reference standard was proved 93.2% useful at 80 pg to halt 111 U/mL activities. Cedrus deodara G. Don, Enicostemna hyssopifolium (Willd.) Verdoom, Terminalia arjuma Wight & Am. and Zingiber officinalis Rosc. (at 160 µg) were found ?90% effective (0.5 ? p ? 0.1) while Citrulus colocynthis, Fogonia cretica L., Rhazya stticta Dcne and Stenolobiun stans (L.) D. Don (at 320 µg) were proved 90% effective (0.05 ? p ? 0.02). The remaining plant extracts were observed abortive (p ? 0.001) in neutralization of 5'-nucleotidases enzymatic actions. This study emphasizes further characterization of active plant extracts to further explore the antivenom influences of these herbal remedies against deleterious effects produced by 5'-nucleotidase enzymes after snake bite envenomation.
|
["5'-Nucleotidase", 'Animals', 'Antivenins', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Elapid Venoms', 'Elapidae', 'Enzyme Inhibitors', 'Plant Extracts', 'Plants, Medicinal', 'Snake Bites']
| 27,476,285
|
[['D08.811.277.352.650.600.600'], ['B01.050'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.573.601.138', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.573.601.138', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.573.601.138', 'D20.215.401.601.163'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['D20.888.850.325', 'D23.946.833.850.325'], ['B01.050.150.900.833.672.125.875'], ['D27.505.519.389'], ['D20.215.784.500', 'D26.667'], ['B01.650.560'], ['C25.723.127.442', 'C26.176.724']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Hyaline membrane disease, birth weight, and gestational age. Effects on development in the first two years.
|
Mean mental and motor developmental test scores (Bayley scales) at 4, 12, and 24 months of age were determined for 161 graduates of a neonatal intensive care unit during the period 1977 through 1979. Analysis of variance for our data showed significant effects of hyaline membrane disease (HMD) on mental and motor development at 4 months, but disappearance of these effects at 12 and 24 months of age. Conversely, birth weight was not significantly related to developmental performance at 4 months, but was strongly related to both mental and motor performance at 12 and 24 months of age. Gestational age was significantly related to mental performance at 24 months of age. No relationship was found between HMD and major CNS handicapping conditions; both birth weight and gestational age were highly related to the occurrence of neurologic handicaps. Of the three variables assessed, birth weight was the best predictor of neurodevelopmental outcome.
|
['Birth Weight', 'Central Nervous System Diseases', 'Child, Preschool', 'Developmental Disabilities', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Gestational Age', 'Humans', 'Hyaline Membrane Disease', 'Infant', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Motor Skills', 'Prospective Studies']
| 6,181,674
|
[['C23.888.144.186', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120.186', 'E05.041.124.160.750.149', 'G07.100.100.160.120.186', 'G07.345.249.314.120.186'], ['C10.228'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['F03.625.421'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['G07.345.500.325.235.968', 'G08.686.320'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C08.381.840.500.475', 'C08.618.840.500.475', 'C16.614.521.563.475'], ['M01.060.703'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['F02.808.260'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Mercury induces regional and cell-specific stress protein expression in rat kidney.
|
Cells respond to physiologic stress by enhancing the expression of specific stress proteins. Heat-shock proteins (hsps) and glucose-regulated proteins (grps) are members of a large superfamily of proteins collectively referred to as stress proteins. This particular stress-protein response has evolved as a cellular strategy to protect, repair, and chaperone other essential cellular proteins. The objective of this study was to evaluate the differential expression of four hsps in the renal cortex and medulla during experimental nephrotoxic injury using HgCl2. Male Sprague-Dawley rats received single injections of HgCl2 (0.25, 0.5, or 1 mg Hg/kg, i.v.). At 4, 8, 16, or 24 h after exposure, kidneys were removed and processed for histopathologic, immunoblot, and immunohistochemical analyses. Nephrosis was characterized as minimal or mild (cytoplasmic condensation, tubular epithelial degeneration, single cell necrosis) at the lower exposures, and progressed to moderate or severe (nuclear pyknosis, necrotic foci, sloughing of the epithelial casts into tubular lumens) at the highest exposures. Western blots of renal proteins were probed with monoclonal antibodies specific for 4 hsps. In whole kidney, Hg(II) induced a time- and dose-related accumulation of hsp72 and grp94. Accumulation of hsp72 was predominantly localized in the cortex and not medulla, while grp94 accumulated primarily in the medulla but not cortex. The high, constitutive expression of hsp73 did not change as a result of Hg(II) exposure, and it was equally localized in cortex and medulla. Hsp90 was not detected in kidneys of control or Hg-treated rats. Since hsp72 has been shown involved in cellular repair and recovery, and since Hg(II) damage occurs primarily in cortex, we investigated the cell-specific expression of this hsp. Hsp72 accumulated primarily in undamaged distal convoluted tubule epithelia, with less accumulation in undamaged proximal convoluted-tubule epithelia. These results demonstrate that expression of specific stress proteins in rat kidney exhibits regional heterogeneity in response to Hg(II) exposure, and a positive correlation exists between accumulation of some stress proteins and acute renal cell injury. While the role of accumulation of hsps and other stress proteins in vivo prior to or concurrent with nephrotoxicity remains to be completely understood, these stress proteins may be part of a cellular defense response to nephrotoxicants. Conversely, renal tubular epithelial cells that do not or are unable to express stress proteins, such as hsp72, may be more susceptible to nephrotoxicity.
|
['Animals', 'Antibody Specificity', 'Carrier Proteins', 'Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel', 'Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect', 'HSC70 Heat-Shock Proteins', 'HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins', 'HSP72 Heat-Shock Proteins', 'HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins', 'Heat-Shock Proteins', 'Kidney Cortex', 'Kidney Medulla', 'Male', 'Membrane Proteins', 'Mercuric Chloride', 'Nephrosis', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley']
| 10,696,793
|
[['B01.050'], ['G12.100'], ['D12.776.157'], ['E05.196.401.402', 'E05.301.300.319'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512.240.310', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512.240.310', 'E05.200.500.607.512.240.310', 'E05.200.750.551.512.240.310', 'E05.478.583.375.310'], ['D12.776.580.216.375.200'], ['D12.776.580.216.375'], ['D12.776.580.216.375.202'], ['D12.776.580.216.380'], ['D12.776.580.216'], ['A05.810.453.324'], ['A05.810.453.466'], ['D12.776.543'], ['D01.210.450.150.525', 'D01.538.500'], ['C12.777.419.630', 'C13.351.968.419.630'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Reduced thermogenesis in muscle and disturbed lipoprotein metabolism in relation to thyroid function in haemodialysis patients.
|
Muscle thermogenesis, measured by direct calorimetry on resting biopsy samples, was studied in 28 haemodialysis patients and related to thyroid function variables, plasma lipoprotein concentrations and post-heparin lipase activities. The heat production was decreased in about 40% of the patients and significantly correlated with total thyroxine and free thyroxine index. In addition to a slight to moderate hypercholesterolaemia comparable to that found in subclinical hypothyroidism, the patients had also hypertriglyceridaemia in combination with low lipoprotein lipase activity and impaired fat tolerance. The latter abnormalities were related to the lowered muscle heat production values. The pattern of changes may represent a biological adaptation to the systemic illness for conservation of energy.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Body Temperature Regulation', 'Calorimetry', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Lipase', 'Lipoprotein Lipase', 'Lipoproteins', 'Liver', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Muscles', 'Renal Dialysis', 'Thyroid Gland']
| 3,576,114
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['G07.110.232', 'G07.410.421', 'G16.012.500.535'], ['E05.196.131'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D08.811.277.352.100.400'], ['D08.811.277.352.100.430'], ['D10.532', 'D12.776.521'], ['A03.620'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['A02.633', 'A10.690'], ['E02.870.300', 'E02.912.800'], ['A06.300.900']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
The mechanism by which adenosine and cholinergic agents reduce contractility in rat myocardium. Correlation with cyclic adenosine monophosphate and receptor densities.
|
The adenosine analogue phenylisopropyladenosine decreased the basal and isoproterenol-stimulated contractile state of isolated rat left atria. The ED50 levels for both responses were similar, suggesting that direct and antiadrenergic effects may be mediated by the same receptor. Phenylisopropyladenosine decreased the cyclic adenosine monophosphate content of isolated atria and inhibited isoproterenol-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity in membranes prepared from atria and ventricles, but not as much as did methacholine. A maximally effective concentration of phenylisopropyladenosine or methacholine greatly reduced atrial contractility measured in the presence of either isoproterenol (1 microM) or Ro7-2956 (a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, 1 mM); however, in the presence of isoproterenol plus Ro7-2956, the contractile effects of phenylisopropyladenosine and methacholine were greatly attenuated. From the contractile data and cyclic adenosine monophosphate analyses, we conclude that direct and antiadrenergic contractile effects of both phenylisopropyladenosine and methacholine result primarily from their effects on cyclic adenosine monophosphate metabolism. The densities of adenosine, muscarinic, and beta-adrenergic receptors in rat atrial membranes were found to be 30, 551, and 24 fmol/mg protein, respectively, based on equilibrium-binding assays conducted with 125I-aminobenzyl-adenosine, [3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate, and 125I-labeled pindolol. The greater effectiveness of methacholine than phenylisopropyladenosine as a negative inotropic agent and an inhibitor of adenylate cyclase in atria may be related to the relative densities of muscarinic and adenosine receptors.
|
['1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine', 'Adenosine', 'Adenylyl Cyclases', 'Animals', 'Cyclic AMP', 'Heart Atria', 'Heart Ventricles', 'Male', 'Methacholine Chloride', 'Methacholine Compounds', 'Myocardial Contraction', 'Parasympathomimetics', 'Phenylisopropyladenosine', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Strains', 'Receptors, Adrenergic, beta', 'Receptors, Cell Surface', 'Receptors, Muscarinic', 'Receptors, Purinergic']
| 2,581,720
|
[['D03.633.100.759.758.824.751.500'], ['D03.633.100.759.590.138', 'D13.570.583.138', 'D13.570.800.096'], ['D08.811.520.650.200', 'D12.644.360.050', 'D12.776.476.050'], ['B01.050'], ['D03.633.100.759.646.138.395', 'D13.695.462.200', 'D13.695.667.138.395', 'D13.695.827.068.395'], ['A07.541.358'], ['A07.541.560'], ['D02.092.877.883.555.500', 'D02.675.276.534.500'], ['D02.092.877.883.555', 'D02.675.276.534'], ['G09.330.580', 'G11.427.494.570'], ['D27.505.696.663.050.675'], ['D03.633.100.759.590.138.630', 'D13.570.583.138.630', 'D13.570.800.096.630'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400'], ['D12.776.543.750.670.300.300.340', 'D12.776.543.750.695.150.300.340', 'D12.776.543.750.720.330.300.340'], ['D12.776.543.750'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.475', 'D12.776.543.750.720.360.500'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.700', 'D12.776.543.750.720.700']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[The use of lithium hydroxide for carbon dioxide absorption prevents formation of compound A during sevoflurane anesthesia].
|
UNLABELLED: Aim of the study was the clinical investigation of sevoflurane degradation when using water-free lithiumhydroxide versus moist Dr?gersorb 800 for carbon dioxide absorption.METHODS: Concentrations of Compound A in the inspiratory gas mix and serum fluoride levels were measured in two groups of 8 patients each.RESULTS: When water-free lithiumhydroxide was used for carbon dioxide absorption, concentration of Compound A in the inspiratory gas mix was ca. 1 ppm (near minimal level of detection) as compared to ca. 20 ppm for moist Dr?gersorb 800. The concentration of fluoride increased during sevoflurane anesthesia (15.0 +/- 4.8 mumol/l with lithiumhydroxide versus 21.9 +/- 4.0 mumol/l with Dr?gersorb 800 after 60 mins).CONCLUSIONS: When lithiumhydroxide is used, there is only minimal formation of compound A from sevoflurane degradation. Since serum fluoride levels increased in both patient groups, we conclude that this is caused mainly by metabolism of sevoflurane. Capacity of lithiumhydroxide for carbon dioxide absorption is similar to that of Dr?gersorb 800. Therefore, the use of lithiumhydroxide increases patient safety.
|
['Absorption', 'Anesthesia, Inhalation', 'Anesthetics, Inhalation', 'Carbon Dioxide', 'Ethers', 'Female', 'Fluorides', 'Humans', 'Hydrocarbons, Fluorinated', 'Indicators and Reagents', 'Lithium Compounds', 'Male', 'Methyl Ethers', 'Middle Aged', 'Sevoflurane', 'Temperature']
| 10,756,964
|
[['G01.015', 'G02.010', 'G03.015', 'G03.787.024', 'G07.690.725.015'], ['E03.155.197.197'], ['D27.505.696.277.100.035.060', 'D27.505.954.427.210.100.035.060'], ['D01.200.200', 'D01.362.150', 'D01.650.550.200'], ['D02.355'], ['D01.248.497.158.380', 'D01.303.350.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D02.455.526.510'], ['D27.720.470.410'], ['D01.510'], ['D02.355.601'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D02.355.601.810', 'D02.455.526.510.717'], ['G01.906.595', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710', 'G16.500.750.775.710', 'N06.230.150.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Human case of gastric infection by a fourth larval stage of Pseudoterranova decipiens (Nematoda, Anisakidae).
|
Only three cases of human infection by anisakid nematodes have been reported in Chile since 1976. In the present case, an anisakid worm, identified as a fourth-stage Pseudoterranova decipiens larva, was removed with a gastroendoscopic biopsy clipper from the stomach of a 45 year-old man from southern Chile. The patient, who presented acute epigastric pain and a continuous sensation of having an empty stomach, reported having eaten smoked fish. The worm was fixed in 70% ethanol and cleaned in lactophenol for morphological study. The morphometric characteristics of the worm are described and drawn. Anisakid larvae in fish flesh can be killed by freezing or cooking.
|
['Animals', 'Anisakiasis', 'Anisakis', 'Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Stomach Diseases']
| 9,497,566
|
[['B01.050'], ['C01.610.335.508.700.100.060', 'C01.610.432.060', 'C06.405.469.452.060'], ['B01.050.500.500.294.400.500.100.075'], ['E01.370.372.250.250', 'E01.370.388.250.250.250', 'E04.210.240.250', 'E04.502.250.250.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C06.405.748']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
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