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An additive/subtractive genotypic score as a determinant of the virological response to didanosine in HIV-1 infected patients.
|
OBJECTIVE: To assess the genotypic determinants of the virological response (VR) to didanosine (ddI) in nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI)-experienced patients.METHODS: Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) genotype was determined at baseline in 74 ddI-naive-patients with baseline viral load >500 copies/ml and receiving ddI as part of a new regimen. VR was defined as a plasma HIV-1 RNA <50 copies/ml after three months on ddI. NRTI resistance mutations associated with higher or lower frequencies of VR with a p-value<0.25 were retained in different sets of mutations, where the mutations associated with a worse VR were added, whereas the mutations associated with a better VR were subtracted. The most significant mutation scores were then studied in a multivariate analysis.RESULTS: Changes at three codons (M41L, L210W, T215Y/F/D/C/E) were associated with a worse VR and three mutations (K70R, M184V, K219Q) with a better VR. The strongest association with the VR was obtained with the score M41L+L210W+T215Y/F/D/C/E-K70R-K219Q. The score was independently associated with the VR in the multivariate analysis.CONCLUSION: Taking into account the mutations associated with a better VR may improve genotypic resistance algorithms. Our results are of interest for the management of antiretroviral therapy in NRTI-experienced patients.
|
['Algorithms', 'Anti-HIV Agents', 'Didanosine', 'Drug Resistance, Viral', 'Genotype', 'HIV Infections', 'HIV-1', 'Humans', 'Multivariate Analysis', 'Mutation', 'RNA, Viral', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors', 'Time Factors', 'Viral Load']
| 16,513,416
|
[['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['D27.505.954.122.388.077.088'], ['D03.633.100.759.590.616.130', 'D13.570.230.500.090', 'D13.570.583.616.130', 'D13.570.800.573.130'], ['G06.225.420', 'G06.920.225', 'G07.690.773.984.269.420'], ['G05.380'], ['C01.221.250.875', 'C01.221.812.640.400', 'C01.778.640.400', 'C01.925.782.815.616.400', 'C01.925.813.400', 'C20.673.480'], ['B04.820.650.589.650.350.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.740.150.500', 'N05.715.360.750.125.500', 'N06.850.520.830.150.500'], ['G05.365.590'], ['D13.444.735.828'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['D27.505.519.389.675.850', 'D27.505.954.122.388.308'], ['G01.910.857'], ['E01.370.225.875.950', 'E05.200.875.950', 'G06.920.850']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Mortality in Glasgow and Edinburgh: a paradigm of inequality in health.
|
STUDY OBJECTIVE: The aim was to describe, predict, and interpret mortality in Glasgow and Edinburgh.DESIGN: The study was an analysis of all cause and cause specific mortality data for quinquennia based on census years between 1931 and 1981, linking age and sex specific mortality rates by year of birth, for people dying between the ages of 25 and 74 years.SETTING: Glasgow and Edinburgh, Scotland.MAIN RESULTS: Age and sex specific mortality rates declined steadily in Edinburgh and Glasgow during the period 1931-1981, with rates always being lower in Edinburgh than in Glasgow. Since 1961 log mortality rates have tended to rise linearly with age in both cities. In 1979-83, the population of Glasgow reached a given all cause mortality rate 3.9 years earlier in men and 3.6 years earlier in women than did the population of Edinburgh. These differences have increased, and are predicted to increase further, especially in men.CONCLUSIONS: The current 40% cross sectional difference in mortality rates between the cities is largely determined by levels of mortality in early adulthood which provide a baseline for the subsequent rise in log mortality. Disease specific epidemiology provides a limited view of inequalities in health, and a partial basis for health promotion. Campaigns to alter disease risk profiles in adults should be complemented by measures operating earlier in life to reduce susceptibility to risk. Maternal and child health require greater priority in public health policy, particularly in areas of socioeconomic disadvantage.
|
['Adult', 'Age Factors', 'Aged', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Disease Susceptibility', 'Female', 'Health Promotion', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Mortality', 'Risk Factors', 'Scotland', 'Sex Factors', 'Socioeconomic Factors']
| 1,479,319
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['C23.550.291.687', 'G07.100.250'], ['I02.233.332.445', 'N02.421.726.407.579'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.308.985.550', 'N01.224.935.698', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['Z01.542.363.766'], ['N05.715.350.675', 'N06.850.490.875'], ['I01.880.853.996', 'N01.824']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
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| 0
| 1
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| 1
|
Keratopathy associated with intracorneal glass.
|
A progressive nonedematous keratopathy developed in a 36-year-old patient after she was struck in the eye by glass fragments. Biopsy material that was examined by electron microscopy and electron beam microanalysis demonstrated the presence of intracorneal glass fragments, which could not be detected clinically. Retained intracorneal glass, generally thought to be completely inert, can be associated with a chronic keratopathy.
|
['Adult', 'Cornea', 'Corneal Diseases', 'Corneal Injuries', 'Electron Probe Microanalysis', 'Eye Foreign Bodies', 'Female', 'Glass', 'Humans', 'Microscopy, Electron']
| 7,236,088
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['A09.371.060.217'], ['C11.204'], ['C10.900.300.284.250.124', 'C11.204.284', 'C11.297.374', 'C26.915.300.425.250.124'], ['E01.370.350.515.402.250', 'E05.196.867.800.360', 'E05.595.402.250', 'E05.799.830.360'], ['C10.900.300.284.250.260', 'C26.392.421', 'C26.915.300.425.250.260'], ['J01.637.437'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.515.402', 'E05.595.402']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
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| 0
| 1
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A case of survival after cardiac arrest and 3½ hours of resuscitation.
|
Although survival rates after cardiac arrest remain low, new techniques are improving patients' outcomes. We present the case of a 40-year-old man who survived a cardiac arrest that lasted approximately 3½ hours. Resuscitation was performed with strict adherence to American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology Advanced Cardiac Life Support guidelines until bedside extracorporeal membrane oxygenation could be placed. A hypothermia protocol was initiated immediately afterwards. The patient had a full neurologic recovery and was bridged from dual ventricular assist devices to a total artificial heart. On hospital day 160, he underwent orthotopic heart and cadaveric kidney transplantation. On day 179, he was discharged from the hospital in ambulatory condition. To our knowledge, this is the only reported case in which a patient survived with good neurologic outcomes after a resuscitation that lasted as long as 3½ hours. Documented cases of resuscitation with good recovery after prolonged arrest give hope for improved overall outcomes in the future.
|
['Adult', 'Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation', 'Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation', 'Heart Arrest', 'Heart Transplantation', 'Heart-Assist Devices', 'Humans', 'Hypothermia, Induced', 'Kidney Transplantation', 'Length of Stay', 'Male', 'Renal Insufficiency', 'Survivors', 'Time Factors', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 24,808,789
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E02.365.647.110'], ['E02.880.301', 'E04.292.451'], ['C14.280.383'], ['E04.100.376.475', 'E04.928.220.390', 'E04.936.450.475'], ['E04.050.430', 'E07.695.300.300', 'E07.858.082.374.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.258.750'], ['E02.870.500', 'E04.936.450.485', 'E04.950.774.400'], ['E02.760.400.480', 'N02.421.585.400.480'], ['C12.777.419.780', 'C13.351.968.419.780'], ['M01.860'], ['G01.910.857'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-specific antibodies in commercial human immunoglobulin preparations: superior antibody content of an IgM-enriched product.
|
The anti-LPS antibody content of commercial intravenous immunoglobulins was examined by quantitative ELISA using LPS preparations from Escherichia coli, Klebsiella and Pseudomonas aeruginosa O serotypes occurring most frequently in gram-negative septicaemia. Three IgG products from different manufacturers and one IgM-enriched product were tested. Mean antibody levels were significantly higher in the IgM fraction of the IgM-enriched product compared with 'pure' IgG products, indicating that natural antibodies against bacterial LPS belong primarily to the IgM class. Immunoblotting studies showed that antibody specificities were directed mainly against O side chain epitopes. Antibodies against rough mutant LPS representing various chemotypes were detected in IgG but not in IgM products. The virtual absence of antibodies against Vibrio cholerae LPS indicated that human anti-LPS antibodies result from continuous environmental exposure to gram-negative pathogens. These data support the further development of IgM-enriched preparations for prophylaxis and treatment of gram-negative nosocomial infections.
|
['Antibodies, Bacterial', 'Drug Contamination', 'Humans', 'Immunoglobulin M', 'Lipopolysaccharides']
| 9,472,665
|
[['D12.776.124.486.485.114.107', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.125', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.125'], ['N06.850.360'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.619.574', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.619.574', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.619.574'], ['D09.400.500', 'D09.698.718.450', 'D10.494', 'D23.050.161.616.525', 'D23.946.123.329.500']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Roll up nanowire battery from silicon chips.
|
Here we report an approach to roll out Li-ion battery components from silicon chips by a continuous and repeatable etch-infiltrate-peel cycle. Vertically aligned silicon nanowires etched from recycled silicon wafers are captured in a polymer matrix that operates as Li(+) gel-electrolyte and electrode separator and peeled off to make multiple battery devices out of a single wafer. Porous, electrically interconnected copper nanoshells are conformally deposited around the silicon nanowires to stabilize the electrodes over extended cycles and provide efficient current collection. Using the above developed process we demonstrate an operational full cell 3.4 V lithium-polymer silicon nanowire (LIPOSIL) battery which is mechanically flexible and scalable to large dimensions.
|
['Copper', 'Electric Power Supplies', 'Electrodes', 'Electronics', 'Equipment Design', 'Lithium', 'Metal Nanoparticles', 'Nanotechnology', 'Nanowires', 'Polymers', 'Refuse Disposal', 'Silicon']
| 22,949,696
|
[['D01.268.556.195', 'D01.268.956.170', 'D01.552.544.195'], ['E07.305.124'], ['E07.305.250'], ['H01.671.293'], ['E05.320'], ['D01.268.549.450', 'D01.268.557.290', 'D01.552.528.480', 'D01.552.547.290'], ['J01.637.512.600.500'], ['H01.603', 'J01.897.520.600'], ['J01.637.512.925'], ['D05.750', 'D25.720', 'J01.637.051.720'], ['N06.850.780.200.800.800.700', 'N06.850.860.510.900.600'], ['D01.268.513.937']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
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| 1
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Pathological evaluation of differentiated thyroid cancer in patients with positive serum thyroglobulin and negative iodine scan.
|
OBJECTIVE: There is no investigation that emphasizes the pathology of DTC (differentiated thyroid cancer) patients with positive Tg and negative iodine scan. The present study was performed to assess the pathology of these patients.MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this retrospective study, the records of 500 patients with differentiated thyroid cancer between June 2005 and November 2011 were assessed, and those patients who had elevated serum thyroglobulin (Tg) with a negative whole body I-131 scan (Tg+/WBS-) were included in the study. Patients were followed for clinical and pathological findings of thyroid cancer, including type, variant, local invasion and cervical lymph node metastasis, and serum Tg, TgAb, and TSH levels.RESULTS: A total of 38 patients, including 31 (81.6%) females and 7 (18.4) males with a mean age of 44.2 ± 15.6 years (range, 14 to 77 yrs) took part in the study. All 38 patients had the papillary type of differentiated thyroid cancer (PCDTC), and none had the follicular type of differentiated thyroid cancer (FCDTC). For the variant type of PTC in 16 patients, it was found that 7 were classic type (43.8%), 7 were follicular type (43.8%), and 2 were tall cell (12.4%) for papillary thyroid cancer. In 22 patients no distinct variant had been reported.CONCLUSIONS: This report demonstrated that all of the 38 patients were PTC (100%), which is different from other previous studies. It may be concluded that the overall pathologic subtypes changes of DTC could mainly be due to the iodine fortification program in various geographic regions. The relationship between DTC pathologic subtypes and frequency of Tg+/WBS- condition was difficult to assess in this work. Therefore, further studies are required to evaluate this issue.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Carcinoma', 'Carcinoma, Papillary', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Iodine Radioisotopes', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Radiopharmaceuticals', 'Thyroglobulin', 'Thyroid Cancer, Papillary', 'Thyroid Neoplasms', 'Thyroidectomy', 'Whole Body Imaging', 'Young Adult']
| 25,010,624
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C04.557.470.200'], ['C04.557.470.200.360', 'C04.557.470.700.360'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D01.268.380.400.500.496', 'D01.496.448.496', 'D01.496.749.474'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D27.505.259.843', 'D27.505.519.871', 'D27.720.470.410.650'], ['D12.776.377.856', 'D12.776.395.768', 'D12.776.486.706'], ['C04.557.470.200.025.085.612', 'C04.588.322.894.400', 'C04.588.443.915.400', 'C19.344.894.400', 'C19.874.788.400'], ['C04.588.322.894', 'C04.588.443.915', 'C19.344.894', 'C19.874.788'], ['E04.270.856'], ['E01.370.350.925', 'E05.979'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
NIK-dependent RelB activation defines a unique signaling pathway for the development of V alpha 14i NKT cells.
|
A defect in RelB, a member of the Rel/nuclear factor (NF)-kappa B family of transcription factors, affects antigen presenting cells and the formation of lymphoid organs, but its role in T lymphocyte differentiation is not well characterized. Here, we show that RelB deficiency in mice leads to a selective decrease of NKT cells. RelB must be expressed in an irradiation-resistant host cell that can be CD1d negative, indicating that the RelB expressing cell does not contribute directly to the positive selection of CD1d-dependent NKT cells. Like RelB-deficient mice, aly/aly mice with a mutation for the NF-kappa B-inducing kinase (NIK), have reduced NKT cell numbers. An analysis of NK1.1 and CD44 expression on NKT cells in the thymus of aly/aly mice reveals a late block in development. In vitro, we show that NIK is necessary for RelB activation upon triggering of surface receptors. This link between NIK and RelB was further demonstrated in vivo by analyzing RelB+/- x aly/+ compound heterozygous mice. After stimulation with alpha-GalCer, an antigen recognized by NKT cells, these compound heterozygotes had reduced responses compared with either RelB+/- or aly/+ mice. These data illustrate the complex interplay between hemopoietic and nonhemopoietic cell types for the development of NKT cells, and they demonstrate the unique requirement of NKT cells for a signaling pathway mediated by NIK activation of RelB in a thymic stromal cell.
|
['Animals', 'Antigens, CD1', 'Antigens, CD1d', 'Cell Differentiation', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Chimera', 'Fibroblasts', 'Hyaluronan Receptors', 'Killer Cells, Natural', 'Lymphotoxin beta Receptor', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Mice, Knockout', 'NF-kappa B', "Peyer's Patches", 'Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins', 'Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta', 'Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor', 'Signal Transduction', 'T-Lymphocyte Subsets', 'Thymus Gland', 'Transcription Factor RelB', 'Transcription Factors', 'beta 2-Microglobulin']
| 12,810,685
|
[['B01.050'], ['D23.050.301.264.035.100', 'D23.050.301.264.894.080', 'D23.101.100.110.100', 'D23.101.100.894.080'], ['D23.050.301.264.035.100.500', 'D23.050.301.264.894.080.500', 'D23.101.100.110.100.500', 'D23.101.100.894.080.500'], ['G04.152'], ['A11.251'], ['B05.200'], ['A11.329.228'], ['D09.698.735.200.625', 'D12.776.395.550.200.625.144', 'D12.776.395.650.750.281', 'D12.776.543.550.200.625.144', 'D12.776.543.750.705.877.144', 'D23.050.301.350.625.144'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.537', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.537', 'A15.382.490.555.567.537'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.852.760.245'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['B01.050.050.136.500.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.455', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800.500'], ['D05.500.672', 'D12.776.260.600', 'D12.776.660.600', 'D12.776.930.600'], ['A10.549.600', 'A15.382.520.604.600'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700'], ['D12.776.624.664.700'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.816.824.825'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.852.760'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.550.500', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.500', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.550.500', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.500', 'A15.382.490.555.567.550.500', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.500'], ['A10.549.750', 'A15.382.520.604.750'], ['D12.776.260.600.500', 'D12.776.660.600.500', 'D12.776.930.600.500'], ['D12.776.930'], ['D12.776.124.790.223.100', 'D12.776.377.715.182.100', 'D12.776.395.550.489.100', 'D12.776.543.550.439.100', 'D23.050.301.500.100.175', 'D23.050.705.552.100.175']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Fabrication of conductive membrane in a polymeric electric field gradient focusing microdevice.
|
A novel approach to integrating a buffer ion-permeable membrane in a poly(glycidyl methacrylate-co-methyl methacrylate) micro electric field gradient focusing (muEFGF) device is described. A weir structure on which the membrane was positioned was fabricated between the separation channel and field gradient-generating channel. Before formation of the membrane, the surface of the polymeric microdevice was treated for covalent bonding of the membrane. Following surface modification, a prepolymer solution containing poly(ethylene glycol) acrylate/methacrylate and Tris-HCl buffer was loaded into the microdevice. Low-pressure nitrogen gas was then purged through the separation and field gradient-generating channels to remove the prepolymer solution from these channels. Residual prepolymer solution was retained on the weir structure due to surface tension. Finally, the premembrane was cured in place on the weir using UV radiation. Using a muEFGF device, green fluorescent protein (GFP) was concentrated 4000-fold. Separation of GFP and R-phycoerythrin, and selective elution of GFP from a protein mixture containing GFP, FITC-labeled casein, and FITC-labeled hemoglobin were also demonstrated. It was found that the membrane conductivity and presence of carboxylic acid impurities in the membrane strongly affected the behavior of the muEFGF device.
|
['Electricity', 'Membranes, Artificial', 'Microwaves', 'Polymers']
| 16,808,478
|
[['G01.358.500.249'], ['D25.479', 'J01.637.051.479', 'J01.637.087.500'], ['G01.358.500.505.810.500', 'G01.750.250.810.500', 'G01.750.770.721.500'], ['D05.750', 'D25.720', 'J01.637.051.720']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Risk of cirrhosis and primary liver cancer in alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency.
|
Previous reports have suggested an association between homozygous alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency, cirrhosis, and primary liver cancer. To assess the risk of these complications we conducted a retrospective study based on 17 autopsied cases of alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency identified during the period 1963 to 1982 in the city of Malm?, Sweden. During the study period, autopsies were performed in 38,250, or 68.2 percent, of all patients in the city who died. From the homozygote frequency in the population, 21 of these were expected to have alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency. The disease had been diagnosed in 20, and autopsies had been performed in 17 (1 child and 16 adults). Each autopsied case was matched with four controls selected from the same autopsy register, and the Mantel-Haenszel odds ratio (ORmh) was calculated. The results indicated a strong relation between alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency and cirrhosis (ORmh = 7.8; 95 percent confidence limits, 2.4 to 24.7) and primary liver cancer (ORmh = 20; 95 percent confidence limits, 3.5 to 114.3). When data were stratified according to sex, these associations were statistically significant only for male patients. We conclude that men with alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency may be at higher risk for cirrhosis and primary liver cancer. The apparent male predominance suggests the additive effects of exogenous factors.
|
['Aged', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Liver Cirrhosis', 'Liver Neoplasms', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Risk', 'Sweden', 'alpha 1-Antitrypsin Deficiency']
| 3,485,248
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C06.552.630', 'C23.550.355.412'], ['C04.588.274.623', 'C06.301.623', 'C06.552.697'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.740.600.800', 'G17.680.750', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800'], ['Z01.542.816.500'], ['C06.552.074', 'C08.381.112', 'C16.320.060', 'C23.550.325.500.500']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Vaginal cervico-isthmic cerclage versus McDonald cerclage in women with a previous failure of prophylactic cerclage: A retrospective study.
|
AIM: Compare preterm births before 30 weeks of gestation in women with a previous failed McDonald cerclage that benefit from another McDonald cerclage (or simplified Shirodkar cerclage) or a vaginal cervico-isthmic cerclage.METHODS: Women with a cerclage performed at the end of the first trimester of a singleton pregnancy with a previous failed prophylactic McDonald cerclage were included in this mutlicenric study involving four teaching hospitals. Comparisons between groups were done using a chi square test and a student t-test.RESULTS: We enrolled130 women, 85 in the vaginal cervico-isthmic cerclage group and 45 in the classic cerclage group. There was no significant difference in the rate of delivery after 30 weeks of gestation (92 versus 93% p=0.75). However in the cervico isthmic cerclage, women were significantly older, presented more late foetal loss and fewer live children in the cervico-isthmic cerclage group. Rate of antenatal hospitalization andantenatal corticotherapy were significantly higher in the classic cerclage group (69% versus 46%, p<0.05 and 56% versus 29%, p<0.05).CONCLUSIONS: Rate of delivery before 30 weeks of gestation was not significantly different between the two groups, but women in the vaginal cervico-isthmic cerclage group seem to be at higher risk for late foetal loss or premature delivery. This procedure generates less threatened premature delivery, thus, less hospitalization and antenatal corticotherapy. These arguments are important for women with previous pregnancy loss.
|
['Adult', 'Cerclage, Cervical', 'Cervix Uteri', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Pregnancy', 'Premature Birth', 'Retreatment', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Uterine Cervical Incompetence', 'Vagina']
| 28,697,395
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E04.520.100'], ['A05.360.319.679.256'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['C13.703.420.491.500'], ['E02.887'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['C13.351.500.852.593.120', 'C13.703.039.089.339'], ['A05.360.319.779']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Gastro-oesophageal reflux in pregnancy. Altered function of the barrier to reflux in asymptomatic women during early pregnancy.
|
The object of this study was to investigate the effect of early pregnancy on the competence of the barrier to gastro-oesophageal reflux (GOR). Oesophageal manometry and prolonged intra-oesophageal pH monitoring were carried out in 12 asymptomatic pregnant women and in 7 non-pregnant women. There was no significant difference in mean intragastric pressure between these two groups. However, both mean lower oesophageal sphincter (LOS) pressure and mean barrier pressure (LOS pressure minus intragastric pressure) were significantly lower in the pregnant subjects (16.9 +/- 0.79 mm Hg; 8.69 +/- 0.73 mm Hg) than in the controls (21.5 +/- 1.93 mm Hg; 14.1 +/- 1.22 mm Hg) (p less than 0.01 and less than 0.001, respectively). No significant difference could be demonstrated between the two groups with regard to degree of GOR, although the pregnant women did exhibit a tendency towards more marked reflux. The results indicate a diminution in the barrier to reflux in early pregnancy due to a reduction in LOS pressure, which may be the basis of symptomatic GOR in pregnancy.
|
['Adult', 'Esophagogastric Junction', 'Female', 'Gastroesophageal Reflux', 'Humans', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Manometry', 'Pregnancy', 'Pregnancy Complications', 'Pregnancy Trimester, First', 'Pressure']
| 6,538,697
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['A03.556.875.500.414', 'A03.556.875.875.330'], ['C06.405.117.119.500.484'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G02.300'], ['E05.559'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['C13.703'], ['G08.686.707.408'], ['G01.374.715']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
An open letter to my daughter.
|
The author writes a poignant "open" letter to her daughter about her experience with breast cancer, the family legacy of breast cancer, and the impact of learning there is a BRCA1 mutation in the family.
|
['Adaptation, Psychological', 'Breast Neoplasms', 'Decision Making', 'Female', 'Genes, BRCA1', 'Genetic Predisposition to Disease', 'Genetic Testing', 'Humans', 'Mastectomy', 'Mother-Child Relations']
| 18,354,837
|
[['F01.058'], ['C04.588.180', 'C17.800.090.500'], ['F02.463.785.373'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.375.249.100', 'G05.360.340.024.340.415.400.100'], ['C23.550.291.687.500', 'G05.380.355'], ['E01.370.225.562', 'E05.200.562', 'E05.393.435', 'N02.421.308.430', 'N02.421.726.233.221'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E04.466'], ['F01.829.263.370.290.170']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Cortical auditory steady-state responses to low modulation rates.
|
This paper describes low-frequency auditory steady-state responses (ASSRs) to speech-weighted noise stimuli. The effect of modulation frequency was evaluated within the frequency range below 40 Hz. Furthermore, objective ASSR measures were related to speech understanding performance in normal-hearing and hearing-impaired listeners. The variability in ASSR recordings over independent test sessions was larger between subjects than within. Trends of increased responses around 10 and/or 20 Hz were found in all subjects. Obtained latency estimates of the responses pointed to primarily cortical sources involved in ASSR generation at low frequencies. Furthermore, significant differences between normal-hearing and hearing-impaired adults were found for ASSRs to stimuli related to the temporal envelope of speech. Comparing these responses with phoneme identification scores over different stimulus levels showed both measures increased with stimulus level in a similar way (rho=0.82). At a fixed stimulus level, ASSRs were significantly correlated with speech reception thresholds for phonemes and sentences in noise (rho from -0.45 to -0.53). These results indicate that objective low-frequency ASSRs are related to behavioral speech understanding, independently of level.
|
['Acoustic Stimulation', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Auditory Perception', 'Brain', 'Electroencephalography', 'Evoked Potentials', 'Hearing Disorders', 'Humans', 'Loudness Perception', 'Middle Aged', 'Pattern Recognition, Physiological', 'Psychoacoustics', 'Signal Detection, Psychological', 'Speech', 'Speech Perception', 'Time Factors', 'Young Adult']
| 19,842,813
|
[['E02.037', 'E02.190.888.030', 'E05.723.136'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['F02.463.593.071', 'G07.888.125'], ['A08.186.211'], ['E01.370.376.300', 'E01.370.405.245'], ['G07.265.216.500', 'G11.561.200.500'], ['C09.218.458', 'C10.597.751.418', 'C23.888.592.763.393'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F02.463.593.071.576', 'G07.888.125.576'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['F02.463.593.524'], ['E01.370.382.375.060.530', 'E01.370.685.628', 'F04.096.753.628'], ['E01.370.685.814', 'E05.796.908', 'F02.463.593.257.800', 'F02.463.593.710.725', 'F04.096.753.814', 'F04.669.908'], ['F01.145.209.908.677', 'G11.561.812', 'L01.559.423.676'], ['F02.463.593.071.875', 'G07.888.125.875'], ['G01.910.857'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
2-Arylindenes and 2-arylindenones: molecular structures and considerations in the binding orientation of unsymmetrical nonsteroidal ligands to the estrogen receptor.
|
We have studied how 2-arylindene systems, unsymmetrical nonsteroidal estrogens, orient themselves within the binding site of the estrogen receptor, relative to estradiol, by making a comprehensive comparison of the binding affinity of 16 analogues. These analogues are representatives of two major classes, those substituted at C-3 with an ethyl or with a phenyl substituent; within each class there are members that have different patterns of hydroxyl group substitution and C-1 oxo or alkyl substitution. Orientational preferences were inferred from the relative binding affinities and were supplemented by computer graphic molecular overlap studies that utilized crystal structures of selected representative compounds and the known tolerance of the estrogen receptor to substituents on the steroidal ligand estradiol. 2-Arylindenes with a 3-aryl substituent appear to orient with the indene system mimicking the A- and B-rings of estradiol (indene/AB mode). This orientation is supported by the fact that hydroxyl substitution at C-6 in the indene markedly elevates binding relative to hydroxyl substitution at the para position of the 2-phenyl substituent. A C-1 oxo substituent increases binding further, but a C-1 alkyl group has little effect. By contrast, the 2-arylindenes with a C-3 ethyl substituent appear to bind with the pendant C-2 ring, mimicking the A-ring of estradiol (pendant/A mode), as hydroxyl substitution in this ring elevates binding relative to the C-6 hydroxy analogues. C-1 alkyl substitution elevates binding affinity in this series; such a substituent in a C-1 S configuration would be projected into the receptor region normally occupied by the high-affinity 7 alpha- or 11 beta-alkyl estradiols. A C-1 oxo substituent produces only a modest binding enhancement in the C-3 ethyl series. A thermodynamic evaluation of receptor fit suggests that the smaller 3-ethyl-2-arylindenes are more efficient than the 2,3-diarylindenes in the use of the molecular bulk to achieve receptor binding. This analysis of the orientational preference of 2-arylindene nonsteroidal estrogens has important implications in the design of donor/acceptor-substituted 2-arylindenes as fluorescent ligands for the estrogen receptor.
|
['Animals', 'Cytosol', 'Estrogens', 'Female', 'Indenes', 'Molecular Structure', 'Rats', 'Receptors, Estrogen', 'Spectrometry, Fluorescence', 'Stereoisomerism', 'Structure-Activity Relationship', 'Thermodynamics', 'Uterus', 'X-Ray Diffraction']
| 2,769,689
|
[['B01.050'], ['A11.284.430.214.200', 'A11.284.430.429.200', 'A11.284.835.450.200'], ['D27.505.696.399.472.277'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.486', 'D04.615.486'], ['G02.111.570', 'G02.466'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['D12.776.826.750.350', 'D12.776.930.778.350'], ['E05.196.712.516.600.676', 'E05.196.867.726'], ['G02.607.445.682'], ['G02.111.830', 'G07.690.773.997'], ['G01.906'], ['A05.360.319.679'], ['E05.196.309.742', 'E05.196.822.950', 'G01.867.950', 'G02.965']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Fumarate is the cause of the apparent ping-pong kinetics of dopamine beta-hydroxylase.
|
The kinetic mechanism of dopamine beta-hydroxylase (dopamine beta-monooxygenase EC 1.14.17.1) was studied either in the absence or the presence of the nonessential activator fumarate. In the absence of fumarate, intersecting initial velocity patterns were obtained, consistent with a sequential mechanism. In the presence of saturating concentrations of fumarate, initial velocity patterns became parallel. Other activating anions, such as acetate and chloride, could replicate the effects of fumarate. Since previous initial rate studies of dopamine beta-hydroxylase have been performed in the presence of saturating concentrations of fumarate, the present results may explain why parallel initial velocity patterns, apparently consistent with a ping-pong mechanism, have been so far observed. As a plausible mechanism of the anion effect it is proposed that activating anions induce saturation of the enzyme with oxygen.
|
['Adrenal Glands', 'Animals', 'Cattle', 'Dopamine beta-Hydroxylase', 'Fumarates', 'Kinetics', 'Tyramine']
| 4,084,318
|
[['A06.300.071'], ['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['D08.811.682.690.708.292'], ['D02.241.081.337.302'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['D02.092.211.215.811']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Mental action simulation synchronizes action-observation circuits across individuals.
|
A frontoparietal action-observation network (AON) has been proposed to support understanding others' actions and goals. We show that the AON "ticks together" in human subjects who are sharing a third person's feelings. During functional magnetic resonance imaging, 20 volunteers watched movies depicting boxing matches passively or while simulating a prespecified boxer's feelings. Instantaneous intersubject phase synchronization (ISPS) was computed to derive multisubject voxelwise similarity of hemodynamic activity and inter-area functional connectivity. During passive viewing, subjects' brain activity was synchronized in sensory projection and posterior temporal cortices. Simulation induced widespread increase of ISPS in the AON (premotor, posterior parietal, and superior temporal cortices), primary and secondary somatosensory cortices, and the dorsal attention circuits (frontal eye fields, intraparietal sulcus). Moreover, interconnectivity of these regions strengthened during simulation. We propose that sharing a third person's feelings synchronizes the observer's own brain mechanisms supporting sensations and motor planning, thereby likely promoting mutual understanding.
|
['Adult', 'Brain', 'Emotions', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Individuality', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Mental Processes', 'Middle Aged', 'Nerve Net', 'Observational Studies as Topic', 'Photic Stimulation', 'Young Adult']
| 24,431,433
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['A08.186.211'], ['F01.470'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.752.488'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['F02.463'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['A08.511'], ['E05.318.372.250.500', 'N05.715.360.330.250.500', 'N06.850.520.450.250.500'], ['E05.723.729'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Role of renal interstitial pressure as a mediator of sodium retention during systemic blockade of nitric oxide.
|
The role of renal interstitial pressure was examined in mediating the sodium retention induced by blockade of nitric oxide synthesis. The effects of intravenous NG-nitro-L-arginine-methyl ester (L-NAME), a synthesis inhibitor, on renal hemodynamics, renal interstitial hydrostatic pressure, and sodium and lithium excretion were determined. L-NAME (50 micrograms/kg per minute) was infused for 75 minutes in Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 7) in which renal perfusion pressure was permitted to rise in parallel with systemic arterial pressure and in rats (n = 8) in which renal perfusion pressure was serocontrolled constant at basal levels. Infusion of L-NAME raised renal perfusion pressure from 122 +/- 6 to 157 +/- 4 mm Hg in the nonservocontrolled group but not in the servocontrolled group (118 +/- 3 mm Hg). L-NAME decreased renal plasma flow and glomerular filtration rate to the same level in both rat groups. L-NAME significantly decreased sodium excretion (1.38 +/- 0.41 to 0.36 +/- 0.14 microEq/min and 1.19 +/- 0.46 to 0.30 +/- 0.05 microEq/min, respectively), fractional excretion of lithium (25.7 +/- 1.7% to 16.7 +/- 2.3% and 25.6 +/- 4.0% to 18.2 +/- 1.7%), and renal interstitial hydrostatic pressure (6.4 +/- 1.4 to 3.2 +/- 0.9 mm Hg and 6.3 +/- 1.8 to 2.7 +/- 0.9 mm Hg) in servocontrolled and nonservocontrolled groups. However, there was no significant difference in the renal hemodynamic and excretory responses to L-NAME between the servocontrolled and nonservocontrolled groups. In summary, reductions in sodium excretion during inhibition of nitric oxide synthesis are associated with significant reductions in renal interstitial hydrostatic pressure.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
|
['Animals', 'Arginine', 'Diuresis', 'Extracellular Space', 'Glomerular Filtration Rate', 'Hemodynamics', 'Hydrostatic Pressure', 'Kidney', 'Lithium', 'Male', 'NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester', 'Natriuresis', 'Nitric Oxide', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Renal Circulation', 'Sodium']
| 8,505,106
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.125.068.050', 'D12.125.095.104', 'D12.125.142.087'], ['G08.852.179'], ['A10.082.500', 'A11.284.295'], ['E01.370.390.400.300', 'G08.852.357'], ['G09.330.380'], ['G01.374.715.352'], ['A05.810.453'], ['D01.268.549.450', 'D01.268.557.290', 'D01.552.528.480', 'D01.552.547.290'], ['D12.125.068.050.525', 'D12.125.095.104.525'], ['G08.852.179.557'], ['D01.339.387', 'D01.625.550.500', 'D01.625.700.500', 'D01.650.550.587.600'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['G08.852.725', 'G09.330.100.812'], ['D01.268.549.750', 'D01.268.557.650', 'D01.552.528.850', 'D01.552.547.725']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency enhances germ cell apoptosis and causes defective embryogenesis in Caenorhabditis elegans.
|
Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency, known as favism, is classically manifested by hemolytic anemia in human. More recently, it has been shown that mild G6PD deficiency moderately affects cardiac function, whereas severe G6PD deficiency leads to embryonic lethality in mice. How G6PD deficiency affects organisms has not been fully elucidated due to the lack of a suitable animal model. In this study, G6PD-deficient Caenorhabditis elegans was established by RNA interference (RNAi) knockdown to delineate the role of G6PD in animal physiology. Upon G6PD RNAi knockdown, G6PD activity was significantly hampered in C. elegans in parallel with increased oxidative stress and DNA oxidative damage. Phenotypically, G6PD-knockdown enhanced germ cell apoptosis (2-fold increase), reduced egg production (65% of mock), and hatching (10% of mock). To determine whether oxidative stress is associated with G6PD knockdown-induced reproduction defects, C. elegans was challenged with a short-term hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The early phase egg production of both mock and G6PD-knockdown C. elegans were significantly affected by H2O2. However, H2O2-induced germ cell apoptosis was more dramatic in mock than that in G6PD-deficient C. elegans. To investigate the signaling pathways involved in defective oogenesis and embryogenesis caused by G6PD knockdown, mutants of p53 and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways were examined. Despite the upregulation of CEP-1 (p53), cep-1 mutation did not affect egg production and hatching in G6PD-deficient C. elegans. Neither pmk-1 nor mek-1 mutation significantly affected egg production, whereas sek-1 mutation further decreased egg production in G6PD-deficient C. elegans. Intriguingly, loss of function of sek-1 or mek-1 dramatically rescued defective hatching (8.3- and 9.6-fold increase, respectively) induced by G6PD knockdown. Taken together, these findings show that G6PD knockdown reduces egg production and hatching in C. elegans, which are possibly associated with enhanced oxidative stress and altered MAPK pathways, respectively.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Animals', 'Apoptosis', 'Caenorhabditis elegans', 'Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins', 'DNA Damage', 'Embryonic Development', 'Germ Cells', 'Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase', 'Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency', 'Humans', 'Hydrogen Peroxide', 'MAP Kinase Kinase 1', 'Mice', 'Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Oxidative Stress', 'RNA Interference', 'RNA, Small Interfering', 'Sequence Alignment', 'Tumor Suppressor Protein p53']
| 23,640,458
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['B01.050'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['B01.050.500.500.294.400.875.660.250.250'], ['D12.776.419.500'], ['G05.200'], ['G07.345.500.325.180', 'G08.686.784.170.104'], ['A05.360.490', 'A11.497'], ['D08.811.682.047.150.300'], ['C15.378.071.141.150.480', 'C16.320.070.480', 'C16.320.565.202.402', 'C18.452.648.202.402'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D01.248.497.158.685.750.424', 'D01.339.431.374.424', 'D01.650.550.750.400', 'D02.389.338.253'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.565.100', 'D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.200.100', 'D12.644.360.440.100', 'D12.776.476.440.100'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.567', 'D12.644.360.450', 'D12.776.476.450'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G03.673', 'G07.775.750'], ['G05.308.203.374.790'], ['D13.150.650.700', 'D13.444.735.150.700', 'D13.444.735.790.552.875'], ['E05.393.751'], ['D12.776.157.687.650', 'D12.776.260.820', 'D12.776.624.776.775', 'D12.776.660.720.650', 'D12.776.744.845']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Label-free and enzyme-free colorimetric detection of microRNA by catalyzed hairpin assembly coupled with hybridization chain reaction.
|
In this study, a simple, label-free, and enzyme-free colorimetric biosensor has been developed for amplified detection of let-7a microRNA (miRNA) on the basis of dual signal amplification strategy. The sensing system mainly consists of four unlabeled hairpin probes termed H1, H2, H3, and H4. Upon sensing of the target miRNA, hairpin H1 is opened. Then hairpin H2 hybridizes with H1 forming H1-H2 duplex and frees the target miRNA that can be recycled to trigger another reaction cycle. In addition, the newly formed H1-H2 duplex hybridizes with hairpin H3, and this triggers the autonomous cross-opening of the two hairpins H3 and H4 through hybridization chain reaction. During this process, numerous split G-quadruplex structures are generated and further associate with cofactor hemin to form massive peroxidase-mimicking DNAzymes. The resulting DNAzymes catalyze the H2O2-mediated oxidation of colorless 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS(2-)) to the green-colored ABTS(•-), inducing a remarkably amplified colorimetric signal. This newly developed sensing system exhibits high sensitivity toward miRNA with a detection limit of 7.4fM and a large dynamic range of 6 orders of magnitude from 10fM to 10nM. Furthermore, it exhibits a good performance to discriminate single-base difference among the miRNA family members and holds a great potential for early diagnosis in gene-related diseases.
|
['Benzothiazoles', 'Biosensing Techniques', 'Colorimetry', 'Coloring Agents', 'DNA, Catalytic', 'G-Quadruplexes', 'Humans', 'Hydrogen Peroxide', 'Limit of Detection', 'Lung', 'MicroRNAs', 'Nucleic Acid Hybridization', 'Sulfonic Acids']
| 26,985,582
|
[['D03.383.129.708.089', 'D03.633.100.185'], ['E05.601.043'], ['E05.196.922.250'], ['D27.720.233'], ['D08.811.165', 'D08.811.913.696.445.735.265', 'D13.444.308.243'], ['G02.111.570.820.486.550', 'G05.360.580.550'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D01.248.497.158.685.750.424', 'D01.339.431.374.424', 'D01.650.550.750.400', 'D02.389.338.253'], ['E05.318.740.872.374', 'N05.715.360.750.725.500', 'N06.850.520.830.872.500'], ['A04.411'], ['D13.150.650.319', 'D13.444.735.150.319', 'D13.444.735.790.552.500'], ['E05.393.661', 'G02.111.611'], ['D01.029.260.877.740', 'D01.875.800.740', 'D02.886.645.600']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Entomological investigation following the resurgence of human visceral leishmaniasis in southern Algeria.
|
Visceral and cutaneous leishmaniasis are the main endemic vector born diseases in Algeria. In the Hoggar region (extreme south of the country) human visceral leishmaniasis (HVL) is known to be sporadic but during the last decade the number of cases has increased significantly. In 2010, a peak of HVL cases was registered mostly among children. Therefore an entomological survey and a retrospective study on HVL cases were carried out in order to explore the transmission of the disease. Among the sand fly caught Phlebotomus bergeroti was the most frequent species (68%) followed by Sergentomyia schwetzi (22%). In this work we describe the presence of Phlebotomus (Paraphlebotomus) kazeruni for the first time in the Hoggar region.
|
['Adolescent', 'Algeria', 'Animals', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Communicable Diseases, Emerging', 'Entomology', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Insect Vectors', 'Insecta', 'Leishmaniasis, Visceral', 'Male', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Young Adult']
| 23,920,502
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['Z01.058.266.104'], ['B01.050'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['C01.221.500', 'C23.550.291.531.750'], ['H01.158.273.943.409'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['N06.850.335.188.100.500', 'N06.850.520.203.375.100.500'], ['B01.050.500.131.617'], ['C01.610.752.300.500.510', 'C01.920.813.510'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Generation of destabilized herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase as transcription reporter for PET reporter systems in molecular genetic imaging.
|
UNLABELLED: Herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase (HSV1-TK) is a widely used reporter for in vivo noninvasive monitoring of therapeutic gene expression, immune cell trafficking, and protein-protein interactions in various animal systems. However, the stability of HSV1-TK limits its application in studies that require rapid turnover of the reporter. The purpose of this study was to create a destabilized HSV1-TK as a transcription reporter that allows for dynamic studies of short-time-scale gene expression events.METHODS: A destabilized HSV1-TK was created by targeting inactivating mutations in the nuclear localization signal of HSV1-TK and fusing the degradation domain of mouse ornithine decarboxylase to the C-terminal end. The protein or enzyme stability was determined by Western blot analysis and HSV1-TK enzyme activity assay, respectively. The proteasome inhibition assay was used to test whether the rapid turnover of the destabilized HSV1-TK was processed in a 26S proteasome-dependent manner. The suitability of destabilized HSV1-TK as a transcription reporter was tested by linking it to a tetracycline-turnoff-expressing system. The dynamic transcriptional events mediating a series of doxycycline inductions were monitored by destabilized HSV1-TK or by native HSV1-TK and were determined by an in vitro HSV1-TK enzyme activity assay and in vivo small-animal PET imaging.RESULTS: The destabilized HSV1-TK, unlike wild-type HSV1-TK, was unstable in the presence of cycloheximide and had a short half-life of protein and enzyme activity. The rapid turnover of the destabilized HSV1-TK was processed in a 26S proteasome-dependent manner. Furthermore, the destabilized HSV1-TK had low cytotoxicity when it was highly expressed in living cells. The results of dynamic gene expression studies in vitro and in vivo showed that the destabilized HSV1-TK is an optimal reporter for monitoring short-time-scale dynamic transcriptional events mediating a series of doxycycline inductions, whereas the wild-type HSV1-TK is not optimal to achieve this purpose.CONCLUSION: The use of destabilized HSV1-TK as a transcription reporter together with a molecular probe, which has a short physical and biologic half-life, allows more direct monitoring of transcription induction and easier monitoring of its coincidence with other biochemical changes.
|
['Animals', 'Cell Line', 'Cycloheximide', 'Doxycycline', 'Enzyme Stability', 'Female', 'Genes, Reporter', 'Herpesvirus 1, Human', 'Humans', 'Mice', 'Mutation', 'Nuclear Localization Signals', 'Ornithine Decarboxylase', 'Positron-Emission Tomography', 'Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex', 'Thymidine Kinase', 'Transcription, Genetic', 'Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays']
| 18,077,523
|
[['B01.050'], ['A11.251.210'], ['D03.383.621.808.240'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.562.900.200', 'D04.615.562.900.200'], ['E05.916.360', 'G02.111.700.500'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.435'], ['B04.280.382.100.750.390'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['G05.365.590'], ['D12.644.770.610', 'G02.111.570.060.670.610'], ['D08.811.520.224.125.425'], ['E01.370.350.350.800.700', 'E01.370.350.600.350.800.399', 'E01.370.350.710.800.399', 'E01.370.350.825.800.399', 'E01.370.384.730.800.399'], ['D05.500.562.500', 'D08.811.277.656.918', 'D08.811.600.730'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.750'], ['G02.111.873', 'G05.297.700'], ['E05.337.550.200.900', 'E05.624.850']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Anti-Respiratory Syncytial Virus Compounds from Two Endophytic Fungi Isolated from Nigerian Medicinal Plants.
|
Background: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is known to cause severe respiratory infections particularly in infants younger than 2 years of age. The only approved drug, ribavirin, is expensive and is not likely to improve therapeutic outcome, thereby necessitating the search for safer and more potent alternatives from natural sources such as endophytic fungi. The present study aimed to investigate the anti-RSV activity of compounds from endophytic fungi. Methods: Two endophytic fungi Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Pestalotiopsis thea were isolated from the fresh leaves of the host Nigerian plants Anthocleista djalonensis and Fagara zanthoxyloides, respectively. After fermentation in solid rice media, C. gloeosporioides afforded 4 known compounds 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (1), vanillic acid (2), ferulic acid (3) and Nb-acetyltryptamine (4) while P. thea afforded 3 known compounds chloroisosulochrin (5), ficipyrone A (6) and pestheic acid (7). The compounds were investigated for their anti-RSV activity using the HEP-2 cell lines and ribavirin as the standard drug. Results: Compound 5 was found to show the strongest inhibition of the RSV with IC50 of 4.22±1.03 µM (ribavirin 4.91±1.85 µM). Other compounds showed moderate inhibition of the virus (IC50 ranging from 45.00±0.98 to 259.23±2.36 µM). Conclusion: The results of the present study have shown that chloroisosulochrin (5), isolated from an endophytic fungus P. thea, possesses strong activity against RSV.
|
['Antiviral Agents', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Colletotrichum', 'Humans', 'Microbial Sensitivity Tests', 'Nigeria', 'Plants, Medicinal', 'Respiratory Syncytial Viruses', 'Xylariales']
| 27,463,031
|
[['D27.505.954.122.388'], ['A11.251'], ['B01.300.381.235'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.875.595', 'E05.200.875.595', 'E05.337.550.400'], ['Z01.058.290.190.565'], ['B01.650.560'], ['B04.820.480.937.600.670.600.750'], ['B01.300.107.950']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
|
KeaA, a Dictyostelium Kelch-domain protein that regulates the response to stress and development.
|
BACKGROUND: The protein kinase YakA is responsible for the growth arrest and induction of developmental processes that occur upon starvation of Dictyostelium cells. yakA- cells are aggregation deficient, have a faster cell cycle and are hypersensitive to oxidative and nitrosoative stress. With the aim of isolating members of the YakA pathway, suppressors of the death induced by nitrosoative stress in the yakA- cells were identified. One of the suppressor mutations occurred in keaA, a gene identical to DG1106 and similar to Keap1 from mice and the Kelch protein from Drosophila, among others that contain Kelch domains.RESULTS: A mutation in keaA suppresses the hypersensitivity to oxidative and nitrosoative stresses but not the faster growth phenotype of yakA- cells. The growth profile of keaA deficient cells indicates that this gene is necessary for growth. keaA deficient cells are more resistant to nitrosoative and oxidative stress and keaA is necessary for the production and detection of cAMP. A morphological analysis of keaA deficient cells during multicellular development indicated that, although the mutant is not absolutely deficient in aggregation, cells do not efficiently participate in the process. Gene expression analysis using cDNA microarrays of wild-type and keaA deficient cells indicated a role for KeaA in the regulation of the cell cycle and pre-starvation responses.CONCLUSIONS: KeaA is required for cAMP signaling following stress. Our studies indicate a role for kelch proteins in the signaling that regulates the cell cycle and development in response to changes in the environmental conditions.
|
['Cell Cycle', 'Cyclic AMP', 'Cytoskeletal Proteins', 'Dictyostelium', 'Protozoan Proteins', 'Signal Transduction', 'Stress, Physiological']
| 20,670,432
|
[['G04.144'], ['D03.633.100.759.646.138.395', 'D13.695.462.200', 'D13.695.667.138.395', 'D13.695.827.068.395'], ['D12.776.220'], ['B01.046.550.200.300'], ['D12.776.820'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['G07.775']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Influence of oral metronidazole on the endocrine milieu and sebum excretion rate.
|
As part of a study of the mechanism of metronidazole's efficacy in the treatment of acne and rosacea, its effects on the endocrine milieu and sebum excretion rate were assessed. Thirteen healthy males received oral metronidazole treatment (500 mg/day) for 4 weeks. Serum sex hormone levels were determined in all 13 subjects and the sebum excretion rate was determined in seven of them, before and after treatment. We measured serum levels of estrone (E1), estradiol (E2), total testosterone (T), free testosterone (FT), dihydrotestosterone (DHT), dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S), and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG). There were no significant changes in E1, T, FT, DHT, or SHBG levels, but E2 and DHEA-S levels decreased significantly after treatment. In all seven subjects in whom the sebum excretion rates were determined, the amount of facial skin surface lipids decreased significantly after treatment. These results suggest that metronidazole exerts its clinical effects through suppressing the sebum excretion by a mechanism other than anti-androgenic action.
|
['Administration, Oral', 'Adult', 'Gonadal Steroid Hormones', 'Humans', 'Lipid Metabolism', 'Male', 'Metronidazole', 'Sebum', 'Skin']
| 1,293,188
|
[['E02.319.267.100'], ['M01.060.116'], ['D06.472.334.851'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G03.458'], ['D02.640.672.500', 'D03.383.129.308.658.500'], ['A12.200.702'], ['A17.815']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
[The problem of aeration of the ear during closed techniques (author's transl)].
|
One of the major problem in otology today is maintaining aerated middle space when there is malfunction of the eustachian tube. The "closed technical" preserved the anatomy of the external and middle ears, but unknown the persistent non function of the eustachian tube. Also, in cholesteatoma a permanent aerating tube is utilised at the time of the initial surgery. The tube is placed through hale drilled in the attical boy canal wall, over the head of the malleus. The "trans attical tube" is found to be a valuable adjuction in intact canal wall tympanoplasty for hearing improvement and to reduce the incidence of a retraction pocket.
|
['Adult', 'Ear', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Ventilation']
| 7,469,279
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['A01.456.313', 'A09.246'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N06.230.150.520']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Activity and polymorphisms of butyrylcholinesterase in a Polish population.
|
Butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) activity assay and inhibitor phenotyping can help to identify individuals at risk of prolonged paralysis following the administration of neuromuscular blocking agents, like succinylcholine, pesticides and nerve agents. In this study, the activity of BChE and its sensitivity to inhibition by dibucaine and fluoride was evaluated in 1200 Polish healthy individuals. In addition, molecular analysis of all exons, exon-intron boundaries and the 3'UTR sequence of the BCHE gene was performed in a group of 72 subjects with abnormal BChE activity (<2000 U/L and >5745 U/L) or with DN (Dibucaine Number) or FN (Fluoride-Number) values outside the reference range (DN < 78 and FN < lower than wild type). In a studied group, BChE activity range was similar to those observed in other populations. BChE activity screening allowed to detect UA and UF phenotypes in 26 (2.2%) and 15 (1.2%) individuals, respectively. Observed UA or UF phenotypes were confirmed by direct sequencing and heterozygous c.293A > G or c.1253G > T substitutions were identified in all cases. Nine out of 18 (50%) individuals with BChE activity below 2000 U/L had a mutation in 5'UTR (32G/A), intron 2 (c.1518-121T/C) or exon 4 (c.1699G/A; the K variant mutation). Majority of the individuals with BChE activity ?6000 U/L were wild type. To summarize, the range of BChE activity in a Polish population is similar to those observed in other countries. We conclude that the BChE phenotyping assay is a reliable method for identification of individuals with the UA and UF genotypes.
|
["3' Untranslated Regions", "5' Untranslated Regions", 'Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Butyrylcholinesterase', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Dibucaine', 'European Continental Ancestry Group', 'Exons', 'Female', 'Fluorides', 'Genotype', 'Humans', 'Introns', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Nucleic Acid Conformation', 'Phenotype', 'Poland', 'Polymorphism, Genetic', 'Protein Binding', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Young Adult']
| 27,109,752
|
[['D13.444.735.544.875.880', 'D13.444.735.790.878.880', 'G05.360.340.024.220.880.880', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.910.880'], ['D13.444.735.544.875.885', 'D13.444.735.790.878.885', 'G05.360.340.024.220.880.885', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.910.885'], ['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['D08.811.277.352.100.170.250'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['D02.065.355', 'D03.633.100.810.125'], ['M01.686.508.400'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.137.232'], ['D01.248.497.158.380', 'D01.303.350.300'], ['G05.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G05.360.340.024.220.400', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.515'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G02.111.570.820.486', 'G05.360.580'], ['G05.695'], ['Z01.542.248.679'], ['G05.365.795'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
|
Clinical and pathological characteristics of extramammary Paget's disease: report of 246 Chinese male patients.
|
Extramammary Paget's disease (EMPD) is a rare cutaneous neoplasm. The aim of this study was to elaborate the clinical and pathological features of Chinese EMPD male patients. The study comprised 246 patients with EMPD at our institute from January 1993 to December 2012. Scrotum was the most common initial site. The average age of onset was 63.9 years but the mean delay in diagnosis was 3.6 years. EPMD spread exclusively to the inguinal lymph nodes and the right inguinal lymph nodes are more likely to suffered Paget cells infiltration. Accompanying malignancies were found in 20 patients. Pathological examination revealed 63 patients defined as invasive EMPD. Immunohistochemical detection showed various expression levels of EMA, CEA, CK7, HER2/neu, Ki67, P53, CK20 and S100 in tumor tissues, but negative expression of VIM, LCA and HMB45. HER2/neu protein exhibited a significant association with invasive EMPD. A novel histological type of EMPD with CK7-/S100+ was identified. Elevated serum PSA level was observed in only 16% patients. Invasive EMPD often had advanced age of onset. Metastatic EMPD showed significantly shorter in the delay in diagnosis and the greater length of skin lesion in contrast to others. This study demonstrates the clinical and pathological features of Chinese male EMPD patients, and may provide implications for the management of Chinese EMPD patients.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Biomarkers, Tumor', 'China', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Paget Disease, Extramammary', 'Prognosis', 'Prostate-Specific Antigen', 'Scrotum', 'Skin Neoplasms']
| 26,722,523
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['D23.101.140'], ['Z01.252.474.164'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04.557.470.200.025.660', 'C04.557.470.615.660'], ['E01.789'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.760.442.750', 'D08.811.277.656.959.350.442.750', 'D12.776.866.249.500', 'D23.050.285.625', 'D23.101.140.625'], ['A05.360.444.661'], ['C04.588.805', 'C17.800.882']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
|
Factors affecting C3 in intestinal schistosomiasis.
|
Complement component C3 was investigated in sera of a group of schistosomal patients free from obvious nephritis. C3 was studied in relation to S. mansoni egg count, presence of HBsAg, and liver functions. C3 level was low in schistosomal patients than normal individuals. Levels were low in both HBsAg --ve and HBsAG +ve schistosomal patients. No significant difference was found between HBsAg --ve and HBsAg +ve in one hand, and between patients with egg counts more than 400 and those with egg counts less than 400 eggs/1 gr as regards level of C3 on the other hand. Presence of ascites did not affect C3 concentration. Positive correlation was found with Serum albumin, but not with prothrombin concentration serum alkaline phosphatase or serum transaminases.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Blood Proteins', 'Child', 'Complement C3', 'Hepatitis B Surface Antigens', 'Humans', 'Middle Aged', 'Schistosomiasis mansoni']
| 8,308,353
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['D12.776.124'], ['M01.060.406'], ['D12.776.124.050.140', 'D12.776.124.486.274.250'], ['D23.050.327.495.500.475'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C01.610.335.865.859.576', 'C01.920.922.576']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Drug-resistant tuberculosis--current dilemmas, unanswered questions, challenges, and priority needs.
|
Tuberculosis was declared a global emergency by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 1993. Following the declaration and the promotion in 1995 of directly observed treatment short course (DOTS), a cost-effective strategy to contain the tuberculosis epidemic, nearly 7 million lives have been saved compared with the pre-DOTS era, high cure rates have been achieved in most countries worldwide, and the global incidence of tuberculosis has been in a slow decline since the early 2000s. However, the emergence and spread of multidrug-resistant (MDR) tuberculosis, extensively drug-resistant (XDR) tuberculosis, and more recently, totally drug-resistant tuberculosis pose a threat to global tuberculosis control. Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis is a man-made problem. Laboratory facilities for drug susceptibility testing are inadequate in most tuberculosis-endemic countries, especially in Africa; thus diagnosis is missed, routine surveillance is not implemented, and the actual numbers of global drug-resistant tuberculosis cases have yet to be estimated. This exposes an ominous situation and reveals an urgent need for commitment by national programs to health system improvement because the response to MDR tuberculosis requires strong health services in general. Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis and XDR tuberculosis greatly complicate patient management within resource-poor national tuberculosis programs, reducing treatment efficacy and increasing the cost of treatment to the extent that it could bankrupt healthcare financing in tuberculosis-endemic areas. Why, despite nearly 20 years of WHO-promoted activity and >12 years of MDR tuberculosis-specific activity, has the country response to the drug-resistant tuberculosis epidemic been so ineffectual? The current dilemmas, unanswered questions, operational issues, challenges, and priority needs for global drug resistance screening and surveillance, improved treatment regimens, and management of outcomes and prevention of DR tuberculosis are discussed.
|
['Adult', 'Africa', 'Antitubercular Agents', 'Child', 'Communicable Disease Control', 'Directly Observed Therapy', 'Drug Administration Schedule', 'Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial', 'Endemic Diseases', 'Global Health', 'Health Policy', 'Humans', 'Mycobacterium tuberculosis', 'Patient Rights', 'Time Factors', 'Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant']
| 22,476,720
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['Z01.058'], ['D27.505.954.122.085.255'], ['M01.060.406'], ['N06.850.780.200'], ['F01.100.150.750.500.600.500.500', 'F01.145.488.887.500.600.500.500', 'N05.300.150.800.500.600.500.500'], ['E02.319.283'], ['G06.099.225.812', 'G06.225.347.812', 'G07.690.773.984.269.347.812', 'G07.690.773.984.300.500'], ['N06.850.392'], ['H02.403.371', 'N01.400.337'], ['I01.655.500.608.400', 'I01.880.604.825.608.400', 'N03.623.500.608.428'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['B03.510.024.962.500.702', 'B03.510.460.400.410.552.552.702'], ['I01.880.604.473.650', 'N03.706.437.650'], ['G01.910.857'], ['C01.150.252.410.040.552.846.775']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Enhanced contraceptive response by co-immunization of DNA and protein vaccines encoding the mouse zona pellucida 3 with minimal oophoritis in mouse ovary.
|
Zona pellucida 3 (ZP3) acts as the primary sperm receptor, induces autoantibody that can prevent oocyte fertilization and has been proposed as a vaccine candidate for contraception in humans. Due to the elicited autoreactive T cell inflammation that causes ovarian destruction, ZP3-based vaccine with removed T epitopes from the ZP3 is considered as a preferred approach. We present here a new strategy to eliminate the T cell inflammation while retaining a high level of antibody by co-immunization of mZP3 DNA and protein vaccines, which resulted in a higher reduction rate of fertility in this group. Histological analysis showed that there were normal follicular developments of infertile mice in the co-immunized group; while other vaccine groups of the most infertile mice lacked mature follicles. There was a significant correlation between normal follicular development and the inhibition of T cell response in co-immunized mice. At the same time, co-immunization reduced the production of inflammatory cytokine, IFN-gamma, and increased the productions of IL-10 and FoxP3 in CD4 T cells, suggesting the anti-inflammation may be via a T regulatory function. The results indicate that co-immunization of mZP3 DNA- and protein-based vaccines can reduce fertility without interfering with the normal follicular development and present a novel strategy to develop a contraceptive vaccine in humans.
|
['Animals', 'Base Sequence', 'Contraception', 'DNA Primers', 'Female', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Ovary', 'Vaccines, DNA', 'Zona Pellucida']
| 17,957,814
|
[['B01.050'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['E02.875.194'], ['D13.695.578.424.450.275', 'D27.720.470.530.600.223.600'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['A05.360.319.114.630', 'A05.360.576.497', 'A06.300.312.497'], ['D12.776.828.868.910', 'D20.215.894.865.910', 'D23.050.865.910'], ['A05.360.490.690.950', 'A11.284.295.310.990', 'A11.497.497.900', 'A16.690.900']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Immunohistochemical localization of glutathione S-transferase alpha and pi in human esophageal squamous epithelium, Barrett's epithelium and carcinoma.
|
High tissue levels of glutathione S-transferases (GSTs), a family of detoxification enzymes, are inversely correlated with cancer risk in the human gastrointestinal tract. Patients with Barrett's esophagus, wherein squamous epithelium is replaced by columnar epithelium, have an increased risk for developing esophageal adenocarcinoma. Biochemical analyses revealed that Barrett's epithelium contains lower levels of GST enzyme activity as well as some GST isoforms, as compared with squamous epithelium. So far, little information on the immunohistochemical distribution of the GST alpha and pi isoforms in normal squamous epithelium, in Barrett's metaplastic epithelium or in adeno- and squamous cell carcinomas of the esophagus is available. Tissues were fixed in formalin and embedded in paraffin. Three 4 microm thick sections were used for hematoxylin and eosin staining and for immunostaining with antibodies against GST alpha and pi. GST alpha and pi were seen in normal squamous epithelium (0% and 75%, respectively), Barrett's epithelium (75% and 100%), adenocarcinoma (25% and 100) and squamous cell carcinoma (27% and 91%). Staining was mainly cytoplasmic, though some nuclear staining with the GST pi antibody was apparent. The varying expression of GST alpha and pi in normal and (pre)neoplastic esophagus may have consequences for the treatment of these diseases and may contribute to an understanding of the development of these esophageal disorders.
|
['Adenocarcinoma', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Barrett Esophagus', 'Carcinoma, Squamous Cell', 'Epithelium', 'Esophageal Neoplasms', 'Female', 'Glutathione S-Transferase pi', 'Glutathione Transferase', 'Humans', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Isoenzymes', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Precancerous Conditions']
| 10,391,093
|
[['C04.557.470.200.025'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C04.834.154', 'C06.405.117.102'], ['C04.557.470.200.400', 'C04.557.470.700.400'], ['A10.272'], ['C04.588.274.476.205', 'C04.588.443.353', 'C06.301.371.205', 'C06.405.117.430', 'C06.405.249.205'], ['D08.811.913.225.500.500'], ['D08.811.913.225.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['D08.811.348', 'D12.776.800.300'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04.834']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Immunofluorescent reactions with microfilariae: 1. Diagnostic evaluation.
|
Microfilariae have been evaluated as antigen for the indirect immunofluorescent test in the diagnosis of filariasis. Sonicated, unlike whole, microfilariae present no problems in handling on a slide. The cytoplasmic antigen that is exposed by sonication, unlike the sheath or cuticular antigen, reacts with filariasis sera irrespective of whether or not there is a detectable microfilaraemia. The cytoplasmic antigen of microfilariae of various species was marginally superior to Dirofilaria adult worm as antigen for diagnostic immunofluorescence in respect of both sensitivity and specificity. The microfilariae extruded from the uterus of an adult D. immitis were a useful source. But the best results were obtained with the sonicated microfilariae of Brugia pahangi, with which it was possible to utilize both cytoplasmic and sheath antigens simultaneously, giving a positivity rate of 95% for filariasis infecions as a group. This test is thought to be the best available at present for the sero-diagnosis of filariasis, in spite of some lack of specificity. For individual filarial infections a homologous microfilarial antigen is probably the deal.
|
['Antigens', 'Brugia', 'Complement Fixation Tests', 'Dirofilaria immitis', 'Filariasis', 'Filarioidea', 'Fluorescent Antibody Technique', 'Humans', 'Microfilariae', 'Species Specificity']
| 339,419
|
[['D23.050'], ['B01.050.500.500.294.400.937.463.088'], ['E01.370.225.812.735.150', 'E05.200.812.735.150', 'E05.478.594.760.150'], ['B01.050.500.500.294.400.937.463.230.300'], ['C01.610.335.508.700.750.361'], ['B01.050.500.500.294.400.937.463'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512.240', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512.240', 'E05.200.500.607.512.240', 'E05.200.750.551.512.240', 'E05.478.583.375'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['B01.050.500.500.294.400.937.463.470', 'B05.525'], ['G16.824']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The learning curve associated with the epidural technique using the Episure™ AutoDetect™ versus conventional glass syringe: an open-label, randomized, controlled, crossover trial of experienced anesthesiologists in obstetric patients.
|
BACKGROUND: The Episure™ AutoDetect™ (spring-loaded) syringe has been observed to successfully identify the epidural space in 2 pilot studies. In this study we evaluated the impact of the spring-loaded syringe on the establishment of successful epidural labor analgesia (primary outcome), elapsed time for catheter placement, and learning curve (cumulative summary analysis, i.e., Cusum) of experienced anesthesiologists.METHODS: Fourteen attending and fellow anesthesiologists were randomized to perform 50 consecutive epidural technique attempts using a spring-loaded or conventional glass syringe. Ten participants completed an additional 50 attempts with the alternate syringe in a crossover design.RESULTS: A total of 1200 epidural placement attempts were performed. Use of the spring-loaded syringe was associated with a nonsignificant difference of estimated success rate in obtaining analgesia success (absolute difference of 1.0% 95% confidence interval, CI: -8.9% to 10.8%), shorter elapsed mean time to epidural catheter placement (ratio of 0.92 95% CI, 0.89-0.96); P = 0.003) and similar Cusum curves when compared with a conventional glass syringe. Analgesia success was more common with attending versus fellow anesthesiologists (absolute difference of 34.6% 95% CI, 14.9% to 54.3%; P < 0.001), and when the initial preferred technique was loss-of-resistance to continuous saline versus intermittent air (absolute difference of 33.8% 95% CI, 12.6% to 55.0%; P < 0.001). Shorter elapsed mean times were also observed in the group exposed to the spring-loaded syringe first (ratio of 0.65 95% CI, 0.62-0.67; P = 0.02).CONCLUSIONS: When used by experienced obstetric anesthesiologists, the spring-loaded syringe was associated with a similar overall rate for establishing successful epidural labor analgesia, a shorter elapsed time to epidural catheter insertion, particularly when the anesthesiologist was randomized to use the novel syringe first, and a similar Cusum curve when compared with a conventional glass syringe. Attending versus fellow anesthesiologists and an initial technique preference for loss-of-resistance to continuous saline were associated with greater analgesia success with the novel syringe.
|
['Adult', 'Anesthesia, Epidural', 'Anesthesiology', 'Catheterization', 'Clinical Competence', 'Confidence Intervals', 'Cross-Over Studies', 'Double-Blind Method', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Learning Curve', 'Pain Measurement', 'Pregnancy', 'Syringes']
| 23,223,103
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E03.155.086.131'], ['H02.403.066'], ['E02.148', 'E05.157'], ['I02.399.630.210', 'N04.761.210', 'N05.715.175'], ['E05.318.740.275', 'N05.715.360.750.220', 'N06.850.520.830.275'], ['E05.318.370.150', 'N05.715.360.325.150', 'N06.850.520.445.150'], ['E05.318.370.300', 'E05.581.500.300', 'N05.715.360.325.320', 'N06.850.520.445.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F02.784.629.529.274'], ['E01.370.600.550.324'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['E07.877']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Comparison of three modes of measuring stress, coping, and humor in school-age children.
|
Computer-assisted administration of surveys is gaining popularity among many researchers, but the equivalence of this method to more traditional approaches such as using paper and pencil has not been determined for many commonly used questionnaires, particularly among school-age children. This study examined systematic differences in the responses of 4th, 5th, and 6th graders to measures of stress, coping, and humor among three modes of assessment: paper-and-pencil questionnaires, computer-assisted self-interviewing (CASI), or a combination of paper-and-pencil and CASI. Participants were 1,245 ethnically diverse children enrolled in public schools in the central region of the United States. Psychometric and score distribution characteristics were examined using item analyses and analyses of mean and covariance structure as a function of mode of assessment. Differences in response patterns, primarily at the scale score level, were documented on some of the key measures. In general, CASI medians and means were higher and correlations among CASI measures tended to be lower than those obtained with paper-and-pencil and mixed mode assessment, and CASI variances were lower. This study suggests the importance of the continued examination of the impact of mode of questionnaire administration when assessing these and other domains of well-being in school-age children.
|
['Adaptation, Psychological', 'Attitude to Health', 'Child', 'Cultural Diversity', 'Data Collection', 'Electronic Data Processing', 'Factor Analysis, Statistical', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Multivariate Analysis', 'Nursing Assessment', 'Nursing Evaluation Research', 'Nursing Methodology Research', 'Psychology, Child', 'Psychometrics', 'Sex Factors', 'Stress, Psychological', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'United States', 'Wit and Humor as Topic']
| 17,086,782
|
[['F01.058'], ['F01.100.150', 'N05.300.150'], ['M01.060.406'], ['I01.076.201.450.350', 'I01.880.853.100.450'], ['E05.318.308', 'L01.399.250', 'N05.715.360.300', 'N06.850.520.308'], ['L01.224.085'], ['E05.318.740.400', 'N05.715.360.750.350', 'N06.850.520.830.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.740.150.500', 'N05.715.360.750.125.500', 'N06.850.520.830.150.500'], ['N04.590.233.508.480'], ['H01.770.644.145.390.432', 'H02.478.395.432', 'N04.590.233.508.613.432'], ['H01.770.644.145.390.634', 'H02.478.395.634', 'N04.590.233.508.613.634'], ['F04.096.628.193'], ['F04.711.780'], ['N05.715.350.675', 'N06.850.490.875'], ['F01.145.126.990', 'F02.830.900'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['Z01.107.567.875'], ['F01.100.960', 'K01.517.946']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Humanities [K]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Treatment of metastatic spinal cord compression: an unsettled issue.
|
Spinal cord compression as an oncological complication is presented. The benefits of radiation therapy, as either an alternative or an addition to surgery, are discussed, as well as the most frequently affected sites of cord compression.
|
['Combined Modality Therapy', 'Humans', 'Spinal Cord Compression', 'Spinal Neoplasms']
| 6,716,506
|
[['E02.186'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C10.228.854.761', 'C26.819.678'], ['C04.588.149.828', 'C05.116.231.828', 'C05.116.900.801']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
A novel eIF4E-interacting protein that forms non-canonical translation initiation complexes.
|
Translation is a fundamental step in gene expression that regulates multiple developmental and stress responses. One key step of translation initiation is the association between eIF4E and eIF4G. This process is regulated in different eukaryotes by proteins that bind to eIF4E; however, evidence of eIF4E-interacting proteins able to regulate translation is missing in plants. Here, we report the discovery of CERES, a plant eIF4E-interacting protein. CERES contains an LRR domain and a canonical eIF4E-binding site. Although the CERES-eIF4E complex does not include eIF4G, CERES forms part of cap-binding complexes, interacts with eIF4A, PABP and eIF3, and co-sediments with translation initiation complexes in vivo. Moreover, CERES promotes translation in vitro and general translation in vivo, while it modulates the translation of specific mRNAs related to light and carbohydrate response. These data suggest that CERES is a non-canonical translation initiation factor that modulates translation in plants.
|
['Arabidopsis', 'Arabidopsis Proteins', 'Binding Sites', 'Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-4E', 'Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-4G', 'Eukaryotic Initiation Factors', 'Protein Binding', 'Protein Biosynthesis', 'Protein Domains', 'RNA, Messenger']
| 31,819,221
|
[['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.157.100'], ['D12.776.765.149'], ['G02.111.570.120'], ['D12.776.157.725.750.374', 'D12.776.835.725.868.500.750'], ['D12.776.835.725.868.500.875'], ['D12.776.835.725.868'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808'], ['G02.111.660.871', 'G03.734.871', 'G05.297.670'], ['G02.111.570.820.709.275.750', 'G02.111.570.820.709.610.500'], ['D13.444.735.544']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Proton accumulation and ATPase activity in Golgi apparatus-enriched vesicles from rat liver.
|
We have studied the mechanism by which liver Golgi apparatus maintains the acidity of its contents, using a subcellular fraction from rat liver highly enriched in Golgi marker enzymes. Proton accumulation (measured by quenching of acridine-orange fluorescence) and anion-dependent ATPase were characterized and compared. Maximal ATPase and proton accumulation required ATP; GTP and other nucleotides gave 10% to 30% of maximal activity. Among anions, Cl- and Br- approximately doubled the activities; others were much less effective. Half-maximal increase of ATPase and H+ uptake required 55 mmol/L and 27 mmol/L Cl-, respectively. In predominantly chloride media, SCN- and NO3- markedly inhibited H+ uptake. Nitrate competitively inhibited both the chloride-dependent ATPase (apparent Ki 6 mmol/L) and proton uptake (apparent Ki 2 mmol/L). Nitrate and SCN- also inhibited uptake of 36Cl. Replacing K+ with Na+ had no effect on the initial rate of proton uptake but somewhat reduced the steady state attained. Replacement of K+ with NH4+ and choline reduced proton uptake without affecting ATPase. The ATPase and H+ uptake were supported equally well by Mg2+ or Mn2+. The ATPase was competitively inhibited by 4-acetamido-4'-isothiocyano-stilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid (apparent Ki 39 mumol/L). Other agents inhibiting both H+ uptake and ATPase were N-ethylmaleimide, N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, chlorpromazine, diethylstilbestrol, Zn2+, Co2+ and Cu2+. In the Cl- medium, accumulated protons were released by ionophores at the relative rates, monensin = nigericin greater than valinomycin greater than carbonyl cyanide mchlorophenylhydrazone; the last of these also reduced ATPase activity. In the absence of Cl-, monensin and valinomycin both stimulated the ATPase. These results show a close association between ATPase activity and acidification of liver Golgi vesicles. They support a role for Cl- that depends on its uptake as a counter ion for H+ and suggest that it may also stimulate proton transport by a more direct effect on a component of the transport system.
|
['Adenosine Triphosphatases', 'Animals', 'Chlorides', 'Golgi Apparatus', 'Ions', 'Liver', 'Male', 'Nitrates', 'Nucleotides', 'Protons', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Strains']
| 1,847,895
|
[['D08.811.277.040.025'], ['B01.050'], ['D01.210.450.150', 'D01.248.497.158.215'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.336'], ['D01.248.497'], ['A03.620'], ['D01.248.497.158.606', 'D01.625.525.550', 'D02.583'], ['D09.408.620', 'D13.695'], ['D01.248.497.300.459.700', 'D01.268.406.750', 'D01.362.340.750', 'G01.249.660.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Blood transfusion and renal allograft survival.
|
Thirty-two first renal transplantations with cadaveric allografts were reviewed to see how many of the recipients had received blood transfusions preoperatively. There was a significant difference in transplant survival between patients who had and patients who had not received blood transfusion before transplantation; this difference was entirely due to acute rejection within three months after transplantation in patients who had not received transfusion. Other factors studied had no effect on survival.
|
['Blood Transfusion', 'Cadaver', 'Female', 'Graft Survival', 'Humans', 'Kidney Transplantation', 'Male', 'Transplantation, Homologous']
| 339,996
|
[['E02.095.135'], ['C23.550.260.224'], ['G12.875.545.340'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.870.500', 'E04.936.450.485', 'E04.950.774.400'], ['E04.936.864']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Cerebrovascular pattern improved by ozone autohemotherapy: an entropy-based study on multiple sclerosis patients.
|
Ozone major autohemotherapy is effective in reducing the symptoms of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients, but its effects on brain are still not clear. In this work, we have monitored the changes in the cerebrovascular pattern of MS patients and normal subjects during major ozone autohemotherapy by using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) as functional and vascular technique. NIRS signals are analyzed using a combination of time, time-frequency analysis and nonlinear analysis of intrinsic mode function signals obtained from empirical mode decomposition technique. Our results show that there is an improvement in the cerebrovascular pattern of all subjects indicated by increasing the entropy of the NIRS signals. Hence, we can conclude that the ozone therapy increases the brain metabolism and helps to recover from the lower activity levels which is predominant in MS patients.
|
['Adult', 'Blood Flow Velocity', 'Brain', 'Brain Mapping', 'Cerebrovascular Circulation', 'Entropy', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Multiple Sclerosis', 'Oxygen Consumption', 'Ozone', 'Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared', 'Thermodynamics', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 27,734,309
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E01.370.370.130', 'G09.330.380.630.080'], ['A08.186.211'], ['E01.370.350.578.875.500', 'E01.370.376.537.625.500', 'E05.629.875.500'], ['G09.330.100.159'], ['G01.906.345'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C10.114.375.500', 'C10.314.350.500', 'C20.111.258.250.500'], ['G03.680'], ['D01.362.670.600'], ['E01.370.350.750', 'E05.196.867.851'], ['G01.906'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Peptide inhibitors of MK2 show promise for inhibition of abdominal adhesions.
|
BACKGROUND: Abdominal adhesions are a common side effect of surgical procedures with complications including infertility, chronic pain, and bowel obstruction, which may lead to the need for surgical lyses of the adhesions. Mitogen-activated protein kinase-activated protein kinase 2 (MK2) has been implicated in several diseases, involving inflammation and fibrosis. Thus, the development of a cell-penetrating peptide (CPP) that modulates MK2 activity may confer therapeutic benefit after abdominal surgery in general and more specifically after bowel anastomosis.METHODS: This study evaluated the function of a CPP inhibitor of MK2 in human mesothelial cells and in a rat bowel anastomosis model. To determine IC50 and basic specificity, kinase inhibition was performed using a radiometric assay. Enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) was used to evaluate interleukin-6 (IL-6) expression in response to IL-1â and tumor necrosis factor-á (TNF-á) stimulation in vitro to validate MK2 kinase inhibition. Following bowel anastomosis (10 rats for each control and treatment at 4 and 10 d), the rats were evaluated for weight loss, normal healing (colonic burst strength and hydroxyproline content at the anastomosis), and number and density of adhesions.RESULTS: The IC50 of the MK2 inhibitor peptide (22 ìM) was similar to that of the nonspecific small molecule rottlerin (IC50 = 5 ìM). The MK2 inhibitor peptide was effective at suppressing IL-1â and TNF-á stimulated IL-6 expression in mesothelial cells. In vivo, the MK2 inhibitor peptide was effective at suppressing both the density and number of adhesions formed as a result of bowel an anastamosis. Importantly, the peptide had no negative effect on normal healing.CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, the peptide inhibitor of MK2, MMI-0100, has the potential to significantly reduce inflammation through suppression of inflammatory cytokine expression and showed promise as a therapeutic for abdominal adhesions.
|
['Abdomen', 'Animals', 'Cell-Penetrating Peptides', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Epithelial Cells', 'Humans', 'Hydroxyproline', 'Inhibitory Concentration 50', 'Interleukin-1beta', 'Interleukin-6', 'Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins', 'Models, Animal', 'Protein Kinase Inhibitors', 'Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases', 'Rats', 'Time Factors', 'Tissue Adhesions', 'Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha']
| 21,492,875
|
[['A01.923.047'], ['B01.050'], ['D12.644.098'], ['A11.251'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['A11.436'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.125.072.401.623.478'], ['E05.940.350', 'G07.690.936.563'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.010.600', 'D12.644.276.374.500.400.600', 'D12.776.467.374.465.010.600', 'D12.776.467.374.500.400.600', 'D23.529.374.465.131.600', 'D23.529.374.500.400.600'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.224', 'D12.776.467.374.465.202', 'D23.529.374.465.224'], ['D12.644.360', 'D12.776.476'], ['E05.598'], ['D27.505.519.389.755'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['G01.910.857'], ['C23.550.355.274.840'], ['D12.644.276.374.500.800', 'D12.644.276.374.750.626', 'D12.776.124.900', 'D12.776.395.930', 'D12.776.467.374.500.800', 'D12.776.467.374.750.626', 'D23.529.374.500.800', 'D23.529.374.750.626']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Maternal depression during pregnancy and offspring depression in adulthood: role of child maltreatment.
|
BACKGROUND: Studies have shown that maternal depression during pregnancy predicts offspring depression in adolescence. Child maltreatment is also a risk factor for depression.AIMS: To investigate (a) whether there is an association between offspring exposure to maternal depression in pregnancy and depression in early adulthood, and (b) whether offspring child maltreatment mediates this association.METHOD: Prospectively collected data on maternal clinical depression in pregnancy, offspring child maltreatment and offspring adulthood (18-25 years) DSM-IV depression were analysed in 103 mother-offspring dyads of the South London Child Development Study.RESULTS: Adult offspring exposed to maternal depression in pregnancy were 3.4 times more likely to have a DSM-IV depressive disorder, and 2.4 times more likely to have experienced child maltreatment, compared with non-exposed offspring. Path analysis revealed that offspring experience of child maltreatment mediated the association between exposure to maternal depression in pregnancy and depression in adulthood.CONCLUSIONS: Maternal depression in pregnancy is a key vulnerability factor for offspring depression in early adulthood.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Adult Survivors of Child Abuse', 'Child', 'Child Abuse', 'Child, Preschool', 'Depression, Postpartum', 'Depressive Disorder', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Longitudinal Studies', 'Pregnancy', 'Pregnancy Complications', 'Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects', 'Prospective Studies', 'Young Adult']
| 26,045,352
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.135.500', 'M01.860.300.500'], ['M01.060.406'], ['I01.198.240.856.350.250', 'I01.880.735.900.350.250'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['C13.703.844.253', 'F03.600.300.350'], ['F03.600.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.500'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['C13.703'], ['C13.703.824.500'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
[Pulmonary emphysema and hepatic involvement by alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency in two adults with a PiZ phenotype (author's transl)].
|
Two unreleated adult males were found to be suffering from an association of pan-lobular severe emphysema and hepatomegally of unknown origin which led to the discovery of a marked deficit in alpha-1 antitrypsin (A1-AT) in relation to a PiZ phenotype. Liver biopsy revealed cirrhosis with portal fibrosis in one case and in both cases fatty infiltration with the accumulation of a glycoprotein antigenically identical to A1-AT. Electron microscopy showed this protein to be situated within the dilated lumina of the endoplasmic reticulum of the hepatocytes. A1-AT deficiency is usually associated with pulmonary involvement only in the adult and liver involvement only in the child. The association of the two remains rare--hence the interest of the two cases reported.
|
['Adult', 'Hepatomegaly', 'Humans', 'Liver', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Pedigree', 'Phenotype', 'Protease Inhibitors', 'Pulmonary Emphysema', 'alpha 1-Antitrypsin Deficiency']
| 307,225
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['C06.552.416', 'C23.300.775.525'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A03.620'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.393.673'], ['G05.695'], ['D27.505.519.389.745'], ['C08.381.495.389.750'], ['C06.552.074', 'C08.381.112', 'C16.320.060', 'C23.550.325.500.500']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
A novel pyrolytic carbon implant for hallux rigidus: a cadaveric study.
|
BACKGROUND: The aim of this cadaveric study was to assess the technical feasibility of inserting a novel interpositional pyrolytic carbon coated implant in the first MTP joint, determine the best surgical procedure for the implantation, and evaluate the dynamic behavior of the joint after surgery.METHODS: The marble implant was inserted in the first metatarsophalangeal joint of five pairs of cadaveric feet using two different surgical approaches, dorsal and medial, for each pair. The stability and mobility of the feet before and after implantation, as well as the relationship between the implant and the sesamoids, were assessed by static and dynamic fluoroscopy.RESULTS: After implantation, the stability was perfect in all positions and the mobility was conserved. There were no conflicts between the sesamoids and the implant during the movement of the first metatarsophalangeal joint. Both the dorsal and the medial surgical approaches led to similar findings.CONCLUSION: To our knowledge, this is the first anatomic evaluation of this type of implant. Whereas the results of the technique obtained on cadaveric feet were satisfactory, caution has to be applied to trying to apply this procedure to the living patient.
|
['Cadaver', 'Carbon', 'Hallux Rigidus', 'Humans', 'Prostheses and Implants', 'Prosthesis Design']
| 21,783,081
|
[['C23.550.260.224'], ['D01.268.150'], ['C05.330.488.310', 'C05.550.450'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E07.695'], ['E05.320.550', 'E07.695.680']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
A Novel Approach for Measuring and Communicating State Health Trends Over Time.
|
OBJECTIVE: To develop a method to assess long-term and recent progress for leading health indicators in Wisconsin.METHODS: Data from state and national sources were compiled. Baseline (10-year) trends for 20 health indicators were measured and compared to the Healthy People 2020 improvement standard of 1% per year. Additionally, current rates were assessed by comparing the most recent year of data to the expected rate had the previous 10-year baseline trend continued. Where available, health indicator trends were reported by gender, race/ethnicity, geography, and socioeconomic status.RESULTS: Wisconsin improved on 10 of the 20 indicators over the past decade, with decreasing mortality rates for all age groups. The largest improvement was a decline of 3.0% per year in deaths among ito 24 year olds. The rates of teen births and adult excessive drinking also improved by 2.5% per year and 1.4% per year, respectively. Other indicators worsened. For example, increasing rates of low birthweight (+ 0.6% per year), adults in fair or poor health (+1.6% per year), and all socioeconomic indicators worsened (high school dropouts [+0.9% per year], unemployment [+5.9% per year], children in poverty [+5.1% per year], and violent crime [+2.3% per year]). Health indicators varied substantially across subgroups within Wisconsin. For example, African Americans were twice as likely to experience low birthweight compared to other racial subgroups, and males experienced death rates higher than females across all ages.CONCLUSION: Reporting current estimates and 10-year trends of leading health indicators helps identify areas of progress and opportunities for improvement. Despite progress in reducing death rates and several other health factors, self-reported health status is worsening in Wisconsin. Worsening socioeconomic conditions and health disparities represent significant public health challenges for Wisconsin's future.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Continental Population Groups', 'Female', 'Health Status Disparities', 'Health Status Indicators', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Socioeconomic Factors', 'Wisconsin']
| 26,854,311
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['M01.686.508'], ['I01.240.425.675', 'N01.224.425.437', 'N06.850.505.400.425.675'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['I01.880.853.996', 'N01.824'], ['Z01.107.567.875.350.900', 'Z01.107.567.875.510.900']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Rotavirus disrupts calcium homeostasis by NSP4 viroporin activity.
|
Many viruses alter intracellular calcium homeostasis. The rotavirus nonstructural protein 4 (NSP4), an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) transmembrane glycoprotein, increases intracellular levels of cytoplasmic Ca(2+) ([Ca(2+)]cyto) through a phospholipase C-independent pathway, which is required for virus replication and morphogenesis. However, the NSP4 domain and mechanism that increases [Ca(2+)]cyto are unknown. We identified an NSP4 domain (amino acids [aa] 47 to 90) that inserts into membranes and has structural characteristics of viroporins, a class of small hydrophobic viral proteins that disrupt membrane integrity and ion homeostasis to facilitate virus entry, assembly, or release. Mutational analysis showed that NSP4 viroporin activity was mediated by an amphipathic á-helical domain downstream of a conserved lysine cluster. The lysine cluster directed integral membrane insertion of the viroporin domain and was critical for viroporin activity. In epithelial cells, expression of wild-type NSP4 increased the levels of free cytoplasmic Ca(2+) by 3.7-fold, but NSP4 viroporin mutants maintained low levels of [Ca(2+)]cyto, were retained in the ER, and failed to form cytoplasmic vesicular structures, called puncta, which surround viral replication and assembly sites in rotavirus-infected cells. When [Ca(2+)]cyto was increased pharmacologically with thapsigargin, viroporin mutants formed puncta, showing that elevation of calcium levels and puncta formation are distinct functions of NSP4 and indicating that NSP4 directly or indirectly responds to elevated cytoplasmic calcium levels. NSP4 viroporin activity establishes the mechanism for NSP4-mediated elevation of [Ca(2+)]cyto, a critical event that regulates rotavirus replication and virion assembly.
|
['Animals', 'Calcium', 'Cell Line', 'Cytoplasm', 'DNA Mutational Analysis', 'Endoplasmic Reticulum', 'Glycoproteins', 'Homeostasis', 'Humans', 'Models, Biological', 'Models, Chemical', 'Porins', 'Protein Structure, Tertiary', 'Rotavirus', 'Toxins, Biological', 'Viral Nonstructural Proteins', 'Virulence Factors']
| 21,151,776
|
[['B01.050'], ['D01.268.552.100', 'D01.552.539.288', 'D23.119.100'], ['A11.251.210'], ['A11.284.430.214'], ['E05.393.760.700.300'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.248'], ['D09.400.430', 'D12.776.395'], ['G07.410'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.599.395'], ['E05.599.495'], ['D12.776.157.530.400.500', 'D12.776.543.550.450.730', 'D12.776.543.585.400.730'], ['G02.111.570.820.709.610'], ['B04.820.223.719.790'], ['D23.946'], ['D12.776.964.900'], ['D23.946.896']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Assessing the Relationship of Mammographic Breast Density and Proliferative Breast Disease.
|
Increased breast density and a history of benign breast biopsy are both considered risk factors for developing breast cancer. Understanding the specifics of these risk factors and their relationship to each other can lead to a better understanding of a patient's propensity for breast cancer development and improved surveillance strategies. We included 245 women who underwent a benign breast biopsy without atypia between October 2011 and June 2013. Biopsies were performed for suspicious calcifications as well as masses and architectural distortion. Lesions biopsied were divided into two groups: calcified and noncalcified lesions. The patient's breast density was assessed on most recent mammogram and was classified using the American College of Radiology BI-RADS density categories. Based on histologic diagnosis, each case was classified as proliferative or nonproliferative breast disease. The median age of the cohort (n = 245) was 55 years (range, 40-84 years). There were 162 (66%) postmenopausal women in the study. A core biopsy was performed for calcifications in 33.5% cases and for noncalcified lesions in 58% cases. In patients with dense breast tissue, an underlying proliferative histology was found significantly more frequently with calcifications (66.7%) as opposed to noncalcified lesions (35.9%) (RR = 2.3 (1.3-4.0); ÷(2) = 8.7; p = 0.003). In nondense breast patients, there was no significant difference (RR = 1.1 (0.7-1.8); ÷(2) = 0.1; p = 0.738). In the postmenopausal group, women with dense breasts had proliferative histology significantly more frequently than women with nondense breasts (55.3% versus 38.3%; p < 0.05), regardless of the underlying lesion type. Postmenopausal women with dense breasts who underwent a breast biopsy with benign histology had a significantly higher likelihood of having proliferative breast disease, regardless of underlying lesion type. Women with dense breasts also showed proliferative histology significantly more often for calcifications as opposed to noncalcified lesions.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Biopsy', 'Breast Density', 'Breast Diseases', 'Calcinosis', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Mammography', 'Middle Aged', 'Postmenopause', 'Premenopause']
| 27,261,096
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['E01.370.225.500.384.100', 'E01.370.225.998.054', 'E01.370.388.100', 'E04.074', 'E05.200.500.384.100', 'E05.200.998.054', 'E05.242.384.100'], ['E01.370.600.115.275', 'G07.100.138'], ['C17.800.090'], ['C18.452.174.130'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.700.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G08.686.157.500.625', 'G08.686.841.249.500.625'], ['G08.686.157.500.812', 'G08.686.841.249.500.812']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Cloning, expression, and localization of a new member of a Paracentrotus lividus cell surface multigene family.
|
We have isolated and characterized a cDNA clone corresponding to a new member of bep (butanol, extracted, proteins) Paracentrotus lividus multigene family coding for cell surface proteins. The cDNA, called bep3, encodes a 370 amino acid protein and shares the same structural organization in the coding region with other members of the same gene family already characterized. Expression of this clone studied by Northern blot and by whole mount hybridization shows that the bep3 messenger is transcribed during oogenesis and utilized till the gastrula stage, whereas at the prism stage, unlike other members of the same gene family, new synthesis of messenger occurs. By whole mount hybridization spatial distribution of bep3 messenger in egg and embryos is established. This messenger appears located in the animal half of the unfertilized egg and moves to the cortical zone after fertilization; it is not present in the structures derived by the vegetal part of the embryo, such as the micromeres of the 16-cell stage, the primary mesenchyme cells of the blastula, and the primary intestine of the gastrula. At the prism stage instead, hybridization of bep3 messenger is restricted to the part of the embryo that will give origin to the oral region as successively confirmed by hybridization at the pluteus stage. The result of whole mount hybridization was confirmed by Northern blot hybridization of separated meso-macromere and micromere RNAs. A Southern blot experiment demonstrates that bep3 is codified by a single copy gene. Conservation of the bep multigene family in several Mediterranean and Japanese sea urchin species has also been analyzed.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Animals', 'Base Sequence', 'Blotting, Southern', 'Cloning, Molecular', 'DNA', 'Gene Expression', 'Membrane Proteins', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Multigene Family', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Sea Urchins']
| 8,722,690
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['B01.050'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['E05.196.401.114', 'E05.301.300.087', 'E05.601.150'], ['E05.393.220'], ['D13.444.308'], ['G05.297'], ['D12.776.543'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.645'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['B01.050.500.408.578']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Fast state-space methods for inferring dendritic synaptic connectivity.
|
We present fast methods for filtering voltage measurements and performing optimal inference of the location and strength of synaptic connections in large dendritic trees. Given noisy, subsampled voltage observations we develop fast l1-penalized regression methods for Kalman state-space models of the neuron voltage dynamics. The value of the l1-penalty parameter is chosen using cross-validation or, for low signal-to-noise ratio, a Mallows' Cp-like criterion. Using low-rank approximations, we reduce the inference runtime from cubic to linear in the number of dendritic compartments. We also present an alternative, fully Bayesian approach to the inference problem using a spike-and-slab prior. We illustrate our results with simulations on toy and real neuronal geometries. We consider observation schemes that either scan the dendritic geometry uniformly or measure linear combinations of voltages across several locations with random coefficients. For the latter, we show how to choose the coefficients to offset the correlation between successive measurements imposed by the neuron dynamics. This results in a "compressed sensing" observation scheme, with an important reduction in the number of measurements required to infer the synaptic weights.
|
['Algorithms', 'Computer Simulation', 'Dendrites', 'Models, Neurological', 'Neurons', 'Synapses']
| 24,077,932
|
[['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['L01.224.160'], ['A08.675.256', 'A11.284.180.225', 'A11.671.240'], ['E05.599.395.642'], ['A08.675', 'A11.671'], ['A08.850', 'A11.284.149.165.420.780']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Induction of ornithine decarboxylase activity in rat glandular stomach mucosa by bile acids.
|
A single oral instillation of 1.5 g/kg body weight of sodium taurocholate resulted in a rapid, transient stimulation of ornithine decarboxylase activity in rat glandular stomach mucosa, reaching a peak (10 times the control value) 4 to 6 hr after sodium taurocholate treatment and returning to the control level within 48 hr. The degree of stimulation was dose-dependent. Sodium taurodeoxycholate and sodium taurochenodeoxycholate stimulated the enzyme activity similarly.
|
['Animals', 'Bile Acids and Salts', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Gastric Mucosa', 'Male', 'Ornithine Decarboxylase', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Strains', 'Time Factors']
| 3,093,422
|
[['B01.050'], ['D04.210.500.105'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['A03.556.875.875.440', 'A10.615.550.291'], ['D08.811.520.224.125.425'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
A review of domestic dogs' (Canis familiaris) human-like behaviors: or why behavior analysts should stop worrying and love their dogs.
|
Dogs likely were the first animals to be domesticated and as such have shared a common environment with humans for over ten thousand years. Only recently, however, has this species' behavior been subject to scientific scrutiny. Most of this work has been inspired by research in human cognitive psychology and suggests that in many ways dogs are more human-like than any other species, including nonhuman primates. Behavior analysts should add their expertise to the study of dog behavior, both to add objective behavioral analyses of experimental data and to effectively integrate this new knowledge into applied work with dogs.
|
['Animals', 'Behavior, Animal', 'Cognition', 'Cues', 'Dogs', 'Human-Animal Bond', 'Humans', 'Love']
| 18,422,021
|
[['B01.050'], ['F01.145.113'], ['F02.463.188'], ['F02.463.425.234'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.250.216.200'], ['F01.145.496.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.470.734']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Mass media messages and reproductive behaviour in Nigeria.
|
This paper examines the effects of exposure to mass media messages promoting family planning on the reproductive behaviour of married women in Nigeria using cross-sectional data. Longitudinal data are also used to ensure that exposure to media messages pre-dates the indicators of reproductive behaviour. Cross-sectional analysis suggests that: (1) contraceptive use and intention are positively associated with exposure to mass media messages, and (2) women who are exposed to media messages are more likely to desire fewer children than those who are not exposed to such messages. Similarly, analysis of the longitudinal data shows that exposure to mass media messages is a significant predictor of contraceptive use. Thus, exposure to mass media messages about family planning may be a powerful tool for influencing reproductive behaviour in Nigeria.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Developing Countries', 'Family Characteristics', 'Family Planning Services', 'Female', 'Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice', 'Humans', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Longitudinal Studies', 'Mass Media', 'Middle Aged', 'Nigeria', 'Pregnancy', 'Socioeconomic Factors']
| 8,935,878
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['I01.615.500.300'], ['F01.829.263.315', 'I01.240.361', 'I01.880.853.150.423', 'N01.224.361', 'N01.824.308', 'N06.850.505.400.400'], ['N02.421.143.401', 'N02.421.800.249'], ['F01.100.150.500', 'N05.300.150.410'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.500'], ['L01.178.590'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['Z01.058.290.190.565'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['I01.880.853.996', 'N01.824']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
I-motif DNA structures are formed in the nuclei of human cells.
|
Human genome function is underpinned by the primary storage of genetic information in canonical B-form DNA, with a second layer of DNA structure providing regulatory control. I-motif structures are thought to form in cytosine-rich regions of the genome and to have regulatory functions; however, in vivo evidence for the existence of such structures has so far remained elusive. Here we report the generation and characterization of an antibody fragment (iMab) that recognizes i-motif structures with high selectivity and affinity, enabling the detection of i-motifs in the nuclei of human cells. We demonstrate that the in vivo formation of such structures is cell-cycle and pH dependent. Furthermore, we provide evidence that i-motif structures are formed in regulatory regions of the human genome, including promoters and telomeric regions. Our results support the notion that i-motif structures provide key regulatory roles in the genome.
|
['Cell Cycle', 'Cell Nucleus', 'DNA', 'Genome, Human', 'HeLa Cells', 'Humans', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Immunoglobulin Fragments', 'MCF-7 Cells', 'Nucleic Acid Conformation', 'Promoter Regions, Genetic', 'Telomere']
| 29,686,376
|
[['G04.144'], ['A11.284.430.106', 'A11.284.430.214.190.875.117'], ['D13.444.308'], ['G05.360.340.350'], ['A11.251.210.190.400', 'A11.251.860.180.400', 'A11.436.340'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G02.300'], ['D12.644.541.500', 'D12.776.124.486.485.680', 'D12.776.124.790.651.680', 'D12.776.377.715.548.680'], ['A11.251.210.190.630'], ['G02.111.570.820.486', 'G05.360.580'], ['G02.111.570.080.689.675', 'G05.360.080.689.675', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.750.680'], ['A11.284.430.106.279.345.190.160.845', 'G05.360.160.845']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
geneAttribution: trait agnostic identification of candidate genes associated with noncoding variation.
|
Motivation: We have developed geneAttribution, an R package that assigns candidate causal gene(s) to a risk variant identified by a genetic association study such as a GWAS. The method combines user-supplied functional annotation such as expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) or Hi-C genome conformation data and reports the most likely candidate genes. In the absence of annotation data, geneAttribution relies on the distances between the genes and the input variant.Availability and Implementation: The package is freely available from http://www.bioconductor.org/ . A quick-start vignette is included with the package.Contact: wustera@gene.com.
|
['Genetic Association Studies', 'Genome, Human', 'Humans', 'Phenotype', 'Polymorphism, Genetic', 'Promoter Regions, Genetic', 'Quantitative Trait Loci', 'Software']
| 28,035,029
|
[['E05.393.385'], ['G05.360.340.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G05.695'], ['G05.365.795'], ['G02.111.570.080.689.675', 'G05.360.080.689.675', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.750.680'], ['G05.360.340.024.380.937'], ['L01.224.900']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Alterations in neuronal survival and glial reactions after axotomy by ceftriaxone and minocycline in the mouse hypoglossal nucleus.
|
Some antibiotics are suggested to exert neuroprotective effects via regulation of glial responses. Attenuation of microglial activation by minocycline prevents neuronal death in a variety of experimental models for neurological diseases, such as cerebral ischemia, Parkinson's and Huntington's disease. Ceftriaxone delays loss of neurons in genetic animal models of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis through upregulation of astrocytic glutamate transporter expression (GLT-1). However, it remains largely unknown whether these antibiotics are able to protect neurons in axotomy models for progressive motor neuron diseases. Recent studies have shown that the axotomized motoneurons of the adult rat can survive, whereas those of the adult mouse undergo neuronal degeneration. We thus examined the possible effects of ceftriaxone and minocycline on neuronal loss and glial reactions in the mouse hypoglossal nucleus after axotomy. The survival rate of lesioned motoneurons at 28 days after axotomy (D28) was significantly improved by ceftriaxone and minocycline treatment. There were no significant differences in the cellular densities of astrocytes between ceftriaxone-treated and saline-treated animals. Ceftriaxone administration increased the expression of GLT-1 in the hypoglossal nucleus, while it suppressed the reactive increase of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression to control level. The cellular densities of microglia at D28 were significantly lower in minocycline-treated mice than in saline-treated mice. The time course analysis showed that immediate increase in microglia at D3 and D7 was not suppressed by minocycline. The present observations show that minocycline and ceftriaxone promote survival of lesioned motoneurons in the mouse hypoglossal nucleus, and also suggest that alterations in glial responses might be involved in neuroprotective actions of antibiotics.
|
['Animals', 'Astrocytes', 'Axotomy', 'Ceftriaxone', 'Cell Survival', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Drug Evaluation, Preclinical', 'Drug Interactions', 'Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein', 'Hypoglossal Nerve Injuries', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Microglia', 'Minocycline', 'Motor Neuron Disease', 'Nerve Tissue Proteins', 'Neurons', 'Neuroprotective Agents']
| 21,970,974
|
[['B01.050'], ['A08.637.200', 'A11.650.200'], ['E04.525.210.158'], ['D02.065.589.099.249.190.190.155', 'D02.886.665.074.190.190.155', 'D03.633.100.300.249.190.190.155'], ['G04.346'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['E05.290.750', 'E05.337.550'], ['G07.690.773.968'], ['D05.750.078.593.400', 'D12.776.220.475.400'], ['C10.292.200.562', 'C10.292.525.500', 'C10.900.300.218.362', 'C26.915.300.400.387'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['A08.637.400', 'A11.650.400'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.562.900.550', 'D04.615.562.900.550'], ['C10.574.562', 'C10.668.467'], ['D12.776.631'], ['A08.675', 'A11.671'], ['D27.505.696.706.548', 'D27.505.954.427.575']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The Pentratricopeptide Repeat Protein Pigment-Defective Mutant2 is Involved in the Regulation of Chloroplast Development and Chloroplast Gene Expression in Arabidopsis.
|
The development of functional chloroplasts, which is assisted by a series of nuclear-encoded auxiliary protein factors, is essential for plant autotrophic growth and development. To understand the molecular mechanisms underlying chloroplast development, we isolated and characterized a pigment-defective mutant, pdm2, and its corresponding variegated RNA interference (RNAi) lines in Arabidopsis. Sequence analysis revealed that PDM2 encodes a pentatricopeptide repeat protein that belongs to the P subgroup. Confocal microscopic analysis and immunoblotting of the chloroplast protein fraction showed that PDM2 was located in the stroma. In RNAi plants, protein-related photosynthesis was severely compromised. Furthermore, analysis of the transcript profile of chloroplast genes revealed that plastid-encoded polymerase-dependent transcript levels were markedly reduced, while nuclear-encoded polymerase-dependent transcript levels were increased, in RNAi plants. In addition, PDM2 affects plastid RNA editing efficiency in most editing sites, apparently by directly interacting with multiple organellar RNA editing factor 2 (MORF2) and MORF9. Thus, our results demonstrate that PDM2 is probably involved in the regulation of plastid gene expression required for normal chloroplast development.
|
['Arabidopsis', 'Arabidopsis Proteins', 'Chloroplasts', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Plant', 'Gene Knockdown Techniques', 'Genes, Chloroplast', 'Mutation', 'Plants, Genetically Modified', 'Plastids', 'RNA Editing', 'Seeds']
| 28,158,776
|
[['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.157.100'], ['D12.776.765.149'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.700.140'], ['G05.308.375'], ['E05.393.335.500'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.225', 'G05.420.275.249'], ['G05.365.590'], ['B01.650.520', 'B05.620.600'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.700'], ['G02.111.760.250', 'G03.839.250', 'G05.308.700.250'], ['A18.024.500.750', 'G07.203.300.775', 'J02.500.775']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Histochemical and biochemical research on the pallial gland of Lithophaga (Lithodomus) lithophaga L.
|
Histomorphological staining demonstrated 2 types of cells in the pallial gland of the mantle of Lithodomus lithophaga: gland cells containing glycolipoprotein and interstitial cells, containing lipid droplets. Biochemical analysis aiming at separate and evaluate lipidic and peptidic components were carried out by lipid extraction, T.L.C. separation and colorimetric assays. Phospho- and sulfolipids were separated from non-polar lipids. Sialo-cerebrosides (gangliosides) are missing. Hydrophobic peptide component was extracted and aminoacid analysis was made. The presence of acid (phosphate) group in the gland secretion is discussed in relation to the function of the secretion (Ca uptake and rock boring). The prominent glycogen storage is considered as an important energy source to be used for osmotic work and to synthesize glycosidic stones for glycolipo-protein secretion.
|
['Amino Acids', 'Animals', 'Bivalvia', 'Carbohydrates', 'Glycogen', 'Glycosaminoglycans', 'Histocytochemistry', 'Lipids', 'Proteins']
| 132,075
|
[['D12.125'], ['B01.050'], ['B01.050.500.644.080'], ['D09'], ['D05.750.078.562.388', 'D09.698.365.388'], ['D09.698.373'], ['E01.370.225.500.607', 'E01.370.225.750.551', 'E05.200.500.607', 'E05.200.750.551', 'H01.158.100.656.234', 'H01.158.201.344', 'H01.181.122.573'], ['D10'], ['D12.776']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Role of angiotensin II receptor type 2 in predicting biochemical recurrence in the treatment of prostate cancer].
|
AIM: To identify markers for predicting aggressive forms of prostate cancer.MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study retrospectively evaluated expression of angiotensin II type 2 receptors (AT2-R) in prostate needle biopsy tissue from patients with and without biochemical recurrence after combined hormone and radiation therapy.RESULTS: The study findings showed that low expression of AT2-R in prostate tissue was associated with a high risk of biochemical recurrence. The data on the nature of AT2-R expression in prostate tissue of prostate cancer patients may be considered as a tool for predicting biochemical recurrence after combined hormone and radiation therapy. The test has a sensitivity of 87.5% and specificity of 85.71%.
|
['Aged', 'Biomarkers, Tumor', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Neoplasm Recurrence, Local', 'Prostate', 'Prostatic Neoplasms', 'Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 2']
| 28,248,050
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['D23.101.140'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.697.655', 'C23.550.727.655'], ['A05.360.444.575', 'A10.336.707'], ['C04.588.945.440.770', 'C12.294.260.750', 'C12.294.565.625', 'C12.758.409.750'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.047.687', 'D12.776.543.750.750.130.875']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Incorporating Group Medical Visits into Primary Healthcare: Are There Benefits?
|
OBJECTIVE: Group medical visits (GMVs) have been touted as an innovation to effectively and efficiently provide primary healthcare (PHC) services. The purpose of this paper is to report whether GMVs have tangible benefits for providers and patients.METHODS: This descriptive study included in-depth interviews with patients attending and providers facilitating GMVs and direct observation. Five primary care practices in rural towns and four First Nations communities participated. This paper reports on an analysis of interviews and observations.RESULTS: Thirty-four providers and 29 patients were interviewed. Patient participants were an average of 62 years old, mostly female and married. The three most common chronic conditions reported by patients were diabetes (n = 9), high blood pressure (n = 8) and arthritis (n = 7). Three themes illustrated how GMVs: (1) can foster access to needed health services; (2) expand opportunities for collaboration and team-based care; and (3) improve patient and provider experiences. A fourth theme captured structural challenges in delivering GMVs.DISCUSSION: There are tangible benefits in delivering GMVs in PHC. While whole patient panels can benefit from the integration of GMVs into practice, those who could gain the most are patients with complex medical and social needs. GMVs provide an opportunity to enhance PHC, strengthening the system particularly for patients with chronic conditions.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Attitude to Health', 'British Columbia', 'Canada', 'Chronic Disease', 'Delivery of Health Care', 'Female', 'Group Processes', 'Health Personnel', 'Health Services, Indigenous', 'Humans', 'Indians, North American', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Patient Satisfaction', 'Patient-Centered Care', 'Primary Health Care', 'Rural Population', 'Surveys and Questionnaires']
| 26,742,114
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['F01.100.150', 'N05.300.150'], ['Z01.107.567.176.160'], ['Z01.107.567.176'], ['C23.550.291.500'], ['N04.590.374', 'N05.300'], ['F01.829.316'], ['M01.526.485', 'N02.360'], ['N02.421.330'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.686.508.150.600'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['F01.100.150.750.625', 'F01.145.488.887.625', 'N04.452.822.700', 'N05.300.150.800.625', 'N05.715.360.600'], ['N04.590.233.727.407'], ['N04.590.233.727'], ['N01.600.725'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
[A distinctive scheme of amino acid replacement was evolved for the generation of diversity, among hypervariable positions (author's transl)].
|
The diversity of amino acid residues, at a same position when comparing several aligned polypeptide sequences, may be translated as follows. The way along which a given amino acid, A, is replaced--in average--by another amino acid, B, is characterized by a coefficient linked with the pair A-B. Thus, one given amino acid is given a "set" of 19 coefficients, and the 20 different such sets may be analyzed. This method applies to the analysis of the diversity, among different sequences VH and VL of the variable regions of immunoglobulin heavy chains and light chains. From an observation of the alterations of those different sets, according to the sample of positions from which they were derived, it is possible to reach to the following conclusions. A) In the first approximation, all the amino acids present the same behaviour, whichever the sample. The frequency of replacement of an amino acid, A, by another amino acid B, is mainly a function of the proportion of B in the sample. B) In the second approximation, a more elaborate scheme of replacement is apparent, and is linked with an equivalent scheme in the genetic code; it is shown that hypervariable positions as well as random positions in VH and VL obey to this scheme. C) In the third approximation, a complementary structure is observed, which only pertains to the sample of hypervariable positions, and which might constitute a peculiar aspect of a selective process: this complementary structure is quite diverging from the genetic code. This analysis brings a strong argument against somatic theories, for the generation of diversity.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Amino Acids', 'Genetic Variation', 'Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains', 'Immunoglobulin Light Chains', 'Statistics as Topic']
| 6,784,660
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['D12.125'], ['G05.365'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.705.500', 'D12.776.124.790.651.705.500', 'D12.776.377.715.548.705.500'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.705.750', 'D12.776.124.790.651.705.750', 'D12.776.377.715.548.705.750'], ['E05.318.740', 'H01.548.832', 'N05.715.360.750', 'N06.850.520.830']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Flight variability in the woodwasp Sirex noctilio (Hymenoptera: Siricidae): an analysis of flight data using wavelets.
|
We describe flight variability in the woodwasp Sirex noctilio Fabricius, 1793 (Hymenoptera: Siricidae) by studying tethered females in a flight mill device and analyzing output data by a time series methodology. Twenty-eight wasps were flown during 24 h-long periods, under controlled temperature and lighting conditions. The maximum distance recorded was 49 km, and mean velocity was 0.37 m s(-1). All wasps lost weight during flight (mean weight loss of 10.0% of initial body mass). By using a wavelets analysis on the flight mill time series output, we identified three distinct flight patterns: regular (long acceleration-deceleration spells), periodic (alternation of acceleration-deceleration spells without resting) and pulsating (resting spells interrupted by bursts of flight activity). The first two flight patterns are indistinguishable using traditional flight mill data analysis. Flight patterns for each individual were significantly dependent on wasp body mass, suggesting a relationship with the resources used in flight and their availability. Large females flew sequentially through a regular-periodic-pulsating sequence but medium sized wasps flew mostly with periodic and pulsating patterns. The smallest wasps flew only in a pulsating pattern, being incapable of long, sustained flight. Variability in size and behavior can have significant consequences on population dynamics by determining local and regional dispersal. An important outcome of our work is the introduction of wavelet analysis to study tethered flight data series for the first time. This methodology allowed us to uncover and statistically test individual variability in insect flight characteristics.
|
['Animals', 'Body Weight', 'Female', 'Flight, Animal', 'Wasps']
| 19,218,525
|
[['B01.050'], ['C23.888.144', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120', 'E05.041.124.160.750', 'G07.100.100.160.120', 'G07.345.249.314.120'], ['G11.427.410.568.304', 'G11.427.410.698.416'], ['B01.050.500.131.617.720.500.500.875.900']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Successful treatment of cryptococcal meningitis with amphotericin B colloidal dispersion: report of four cases.
|
Four patients with cryptococcal meningitis were treated with amphotericin B colloidal dispersion because of nephrotoxicity from prior treatment with conventional amphotericin B. The limited experience presented here suggests that amphotericin B colloidal dispersion is efficacious for the treatment of cryptococcal meningitis, despite being undetectable in cerebrospinal fluid, and offers a potential therapeutic alternative for patients who cannot tolerate conventional amphotericin B.
|
['AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections', 'Amphotericin B', 'Antifungal Agents', 'Colloids', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2', 'Heart Transplantation', 'Humans', 'Liver Diseases', 'Male', 'Meningitis, Cryptococcal', 'Middle Aged', 'Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma', 'Suspensions']
| 8,585,754
|
[['C01.221.250.875.100', 'C01.597.050', 'C01.610.684.050', 'C01.925.597.050', 'C01.925.782.815.616.400.100', 'C20.673.480.100'], ['D02.540.576.500.500'], ['D27.505.954.122.136'], ['D20.280', 'D26.255.165'], ['C18.452.394.750.149', 'C19.246.300'], ['E04.100.376.475', 'E04.928.220.390', 'E04.936.450.475'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C06.552'], ['C01.150.703.181.500.500', 'C01.150.703.248.290', 'C01.207.198.500.500', 'C10.228.228.198.500.500', 'C10.228.614.300.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04.557.337.428.600', 'C15.604.515.560.600', 'C20.683.515.528.600'], ['D20.280.810', 'D26.255.165.810']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
[New method of diminishing cyst cavities].
|
For diminishing the cyst cavity after cystectomia the following method is being suggested: The cyst sack is removed as usual after forming a trapezium-like muco-periostyle soft flat tissue by means of a vestibular bone opening. Foremost and furthest to the opening other openings are bored into the bone. Then "U" like stitches are being made through them and the edges of the muco-periostyle flat tissue, their loose ends being tied over a tampon. The tampon presses over the muco-periostyle tissue at the place of the bone defect thus diminishing it.
|
['Cysts', 'Humans', 'Suture Techniques']
| 2,699,961
|
[['C04.182', 'C23.300.306'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E04.987.775']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Intravaginal culture and embryo transfer. A new method for the fertilization of human oocytes].
|
This technique was developed at the University Clinic of Port-Royal. It corresponds to the intravaginal culture of embryos and their transfer into the uterus. After ovocyte stimulation, most often by Clomid HMG, the follicles are aspirated under laparoscopic or sonographic control 34 to 36 hours after HCG. After being collected, the ovocytes are placed, whatever their stage of maturity, in one or several 3 ml tubes completely filled with culture medium (B2 of pure Menezo). Up to 4 ovocytes per tube are thus fertilized with 10 to 20,000 mobile spermatozoids/ml, prepared in the usual dilution, centrifugation and migration. Then the tube(s) are placed in the posterior vaginal cul-de-sac, kept in place with a diaphragm where they will remain during the 44 to 48 hours of culture time. Following that time, the contents of the tube are examined in order to evaluate the occurrence and the stage of embryonic division. A first series of 100 aspirations has enabled to obtain 15 pregnancies, still evolving, including two births of healthy children. A randomized series is currently in progress to determine a possible difference in the rates of pregnancy between CIVETE and the classic technique. Beside its new psychological contribution, this technique has demonstrated that it was possible to culture human embryos in the absence of CO2; its extreme simplicity should lead to a broader expansion of this technique.
|
['Adult', 'Embryo Transfer', 'Female', 'Fertilization in Vitro', 'Humans', 'Infertility, Female', 'Pregnancy']
| 3,432,897
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E02.875.800.500', 'E05.820.800.500'], ['E02.875.800.750', 'E05.820.800.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C13.351.500.365.700'], ['G08.686.784.769']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Magnitude of sedentary behavior and associated factors among secondary school adolescents in Debre Berhan town, Ethiopia.
|
BACKGROUND: Sedentary life style is becoming increasingly common in this industrial age due to changes on the way people manufacture, transport and communicate. Sedentary lifestyle is associated with chronic diseases (diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer), depression, obesity and premature mortality. The objective of this study was to assess the magnitude and associated factors of sedentary behavior.METHODS: School based cross sectional study was conducted among 580 students from April 20 to May 10, 2019 in secondary schools in Debre Berhan City Administration. Sedentary behavior was measured using time spent on four activities (watching TV/Video, listening to music, surfing internet and playing games). Adolescents are considered sedentary if they spend two or more hours in one or all listed activities per day. Data was entered to Epidata version 4.2.2.1 and exported to SPSS version 20 for analysis.RESULT: A total of 580 (44.3% male and 55.7% female) students participated in this study. The magnitude of sedentary behavior (?2 h per day) was 65.5% (95% CI = 61.32% - 69.08). Family monthly income greater than 8000 birr (AOR: 6.42, 95%CI = 2.18-18.78), maternal education (AOR: 5.12, 95%CI = 1.09-23.83), access to TV (AOR: 4.87, 95%CI = 1.99-11.87), access to mobile internet (AOR: 2.37, 95% CI = 1.14-4.93) and utilization of social media (AOR: 2.98, 95%CI = 1.43-6.17) were positively associated with adolescent sedentary behavior.CONCLUSION: The prevalence of sedentary behavior was high among adolescents of Debre Berhan town. Therefore, schools in the town should work towards creating awareness on the wise use of screen based entertainments.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adolescent Behavior', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Ethiopia', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Risk Factors', 'Schools', 'Sedentary Behavior', 'Socioeconomic Factors', 'Students']
| 31,959,154
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['F01.145.022'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['Z01.058.290.120.310'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['I02.783', 'J03.832'], ['F01.145.749', 'F01.829.458.705'], ['I01.880.853.996', 'N01.824'], ['M01.848']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Anaesthetic management of congenital laryngeal web presenting with acute upper airway obstruction.
|
This is a case of failed intubation in a child of 15 months due to presence of laryngeal web. The airway was maintained by Cole Neonatal tube size 2 mm held at the available orifice of the glottis with maintenance of spontaneous respiration under general anesthesia till emergency tracheostomy was performed.
|
['Acute Disease', 'Airway Obstruction', 'Anesthesia', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Intubation, Intratracheal', 'Larynx']
| 20,803,862
|
[['C23.550.291.125'], ['C08.618.846.185'], ['E03.155'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['E02.041.500', 'E02.585.578', 'E05.497.578'], ['A04.329']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Autopsy findings in 42 consecutive patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
|
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a relentlessly progressive lung disease that commonly results in respiratory failure and death. However, the cause of death in these patients has not previously been fully defined. The current study reviews the clinical records and pathological findings of 42 consecutive patients with IPF who underwent a post mortem at the Mayo Clinic (Rochester, MN, USA) over a 9-yr period, from January 1996 to December 2004. The median (range) age at post mortem for the patients was 74 (46-98 yrs) yrs, which included 25 (60%) males. A total of 31 (74%) patients died in the hospital. The immediate causes of death were reported as: respiratory (64%), cardiovascular (21%), or noncardiopulmonary (14%). Acute exacerbation of IPF was the most common immediate cause of death (29%). Pneumonia, aspiration and drug-induced lung disease were identified as other causes of respiratory death. Evidence of pulmonary hypertension was present in the post mortem of 19 (45%) patients and was the immediate cause of death in two of these patients. The immediate cause of death was clinically unsuspected in five (12%) patients and IPF was diagnosed post mortem in nine (21%) patients. The majority of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis who had undergone a post mortem were found to have died from respiratory causes. Acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis was found to be the most common cause of death whilst death from the gradual progression of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis was found to be less common.
|
['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Autopsy', 'Cause of Death', 'Cohort Studies', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Lung', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Minnesota', 'Pulmonary Fibrosis', 'Retrospective Studies']
| 18,256,070
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['E01.370.060', 'E05.070', 'I01.198.780.937.120'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.250', 'N01.224.935.698.100', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.250', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.250'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A04.411'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['Z01.107.567.875.350.510', 'Z01.107.567.875.510.510'], ['C08.381.765'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
[The antisera avidity].
|
In a LN-equivalence point titration system the modulation of immune complex formation of high avide antisera by specific and unspecific factors is measurable. Protamine-Cl is a potent enhancer of complex formation.
|
['Animals', 'Antibody Affinity', 'Antigen-Antibody Complex', 'Humans', 'Immune Sera', 'Lasers', 'Nephelometry and Turbidimetry', 'Polyethylene Glycols', 'Protamines', 'Rabbits']
| 6,534,843
|
[['B01.050'], ['G12.040', 'G12.122.125'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.257', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.257', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.257', 'D23.050.101'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A12.207.152.846.500', 'D12.776.124.486.485.114.573', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.573', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.573', 'D20.215.401'], ['E07.632.490', 'E07.710.520'], ['E05.196.712.650'], ['D02.033.455.250.700', 'D05.750.741', 'D25.720.741', 'J01.637.051.720.741'], ['D12.776.660.750', 'D12.776.664.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.968.700']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Physiological responses of coccolithophores to abrupt exposure of naturally low pH deep seawater.
|
Upwelling is the process by which deep, cold, relatively high-CO2, nutrient-rich seawater rises to the sunlit surface of the ocean. This seasonal process has fueled geoengineering initiatives to fertilize the surface ocean with deep seawater to enhance productivity and thus promote the drawdown of CO2. Coccolithophores, which inhabit many upwelling regions naturally 'fertilized' by deep seawater, have been investigated in the laboratory in the context of ocean acidification to determine the extent to which nutrients and CO2 impact their physiology, but few data exist in the field except from mesocosms. Here, we used the Porcupine Abyssal Plain (north Atlantic Ocean) Observatory to retrieve seawater from depths with elevated CO2 and nutrients, mimicking geoengineering approaches. We tested the effects of abrupt natural deep seawater fertilization on the physiology and biogeochemistry of two strains of Emiliania huxleyi of known physiology. None of the strains tested underwent cell divisions when incubated in waters obtained from <1,000 m (pH = 7.99-8.08; CO2 = 373-485 p.p.m; 1.5-12 ìM nitrate). However, growth was promoted in both strains when cells were incubated in seawater from ~1,000 m (pH = 7.9; CO2 ~560 p.p.m.; 14-17 ìM nitrate) and ~4,800 m (pH = 7.9; CO2 ~600 p.p.m.; 21 ìM nitrate). Emiliania huxleyi strain CCMP 88E showed no differences in growth rate or in cellular content or production rates of particulate organic (POC) and inorganic (PIC) carbon and cellular particulate organic nitrogen (PON) between treatments using water from 1,000 m and 4,800 m. However, despite the N:P ratio of seawater being comparable in water from ~1,000 and ~4,800 m, the PON production rates were three times lower in one incubation using water from ~1,000 m compared to values observed in water from ~4,800 m. Thus, the POC:PON ratios were threefold higher in cells that were incubated in ~1,000 m seawater. The heavily calcified strain NZEH exhibited lower growth rates and PIC production rates when incubated in water from ~4,800 m compared to ~1,000 m, while cellular PIC, POC and PON were higher in water from 4,800 m. Calcite Sr/Ca ratios increased with depth despite constant seawater Sr/Ca, indicating that upwelling changes coccolith geochemistry. Our study provides the first experimental and field trial of a geoengineering approach to test how deep seawater impacts coccolithophore physiological and biogeochemical properties. Given that coccolithophore growth was only stimulated using waters obtained from >1,000 m, artificial upwelling using shallower waters may not be a suitable approach for promoting carbon sequestration for some locations and assemblages, and should therefore be investigated on a site-by-site basis.
|
['Adaptation, Physiological', 'Carbon Dioxide', 'Haptophyta', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Seawater']
| 28,750,008
|
[['G07.025', 'G16.012.500'], ['D01.200.200', 'D01.362.150', 'D01.650.550.200'], ['B01.400'], ['G02.300'], ['G16.500.275.725.500']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Diversity of bovine rumen methanogens In vitro in the presence of condensed tannins, as determined by sequence analysis of 16S rRNA gene library.
|
Molecular diversity of rumen archaeal populations from bovine rumen fluid incubated with or without condensed tannins was investigated using 16S rRNA gene libraries. The predominant order of rumen archaea in the 16S rRNA gene libraries of the control and condensed tannins treatment was found to belong to a novel group of rumen archaea that is distantly related to the order Thermoplasmatales, with 59.5% (15 phylotypes) and 81.43% (21 phylotypes) of the total clones from the control and treatment clone libraries, respectively. The 16S rRNA gene library of the control was found to have higher proportions of methanogens from the orders Methanomicrobiales (32%) and Methanobacteriales (8.5%) as compared to those found in the condensed tannins treatment clone library in both orders (16.88% and 1.68% respectively). The phylotype distributed in the order Methanosarcinales was only found in the control clone library. The study indicated that condensed tannins could alter the diversity of bovine rumen methanogens.
|
['Animals', 'Archaea', 'Cattle', 'DNA, Archaeal', 'DNA, Ribosomal', 'Gene Library', 'Genes, rRNA', 'Genetic Variation', 'Methane', 'Methanobacteriales', 'Methanomicrobiales', 'Methanosarcinales', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Proanthocyanidins', 'RNA, Ribosomal, 16S', 'Rumen', 'Sequence Analysis, DNA']
| 21,717,338
|
[['B01.050'], ['B02'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['D13.444.308.180'], ['D13.444.308.475'], ['G05.360.325'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.645.750'], ['G05.365'], ['D02.455.326.146.571'], ['B02.200.492'], ['B02.200.705'], ['B02.200.765'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['D03.383.663.283.266.450.700', 'D03.633.100.150.266.450.700', 'D05.750.078.937.429'], ['D13.444.735.686.670'], ['A13.869.804'], ['E05.393.760.700']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Biometric Identification from Human Aesthetic Preferences.
|
In recent years, human-machine interactions encompass many avenues of life, ranging from personal communications to professional activities. This trend has allowed for person identification based on behavior rather than physical traits to emerge as a growing research domain, which spans areas such as online education, e-commerce, e-communication, and biometric security. The expression of opinions is an example of online behavior that is commonly shared through the liking of online images. Visual aesthetic is a behavioral biometric that involves using a person's sense of fondness for images. The identification of individuals using their visual aesthetic values as discriminatory features is an emerging domain of research. This paper introduces a novel method for aesthetic feature dimensionality reduction using gene expression programming. The proposed system is capable of using a tree-based genetic approach for feature recombination. Reducing feature dimensionality improves classifier accuracy, reduces computation runtime, and minimizes required storage. The results obtained on a dataset of 200 Flickr users evaluating 40,000 images demonstrate a 95% accuracy of identity recognition based solely on users' aesthetic preferences.
|
['Biometric Identification', 'Esthetics', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Humans', 'Image Processing, Computer-Assisted', 'Models, Theoretical', 'Support Vector Machine']
| 32,093,028
|
[['E05.318.740.225.500', 'N04.452.910.099'], ['F02.463.785.477', 'K01.752.210'], ['G05.308'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.224.308'], ['E05.599'], ['G17.035.250.500.500.500', 'L01.224.050.375.530.500.500']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Java Web Start based software for automated quantitative nuclear analysis of prostate cancer and benign prostate hyperplasia.
|
BACKGROUND: Androgen acts via androgen receptor (AR) and accurate measurement of the levels of AR protein expression is critical for prostate research. The expression of AR in paired specimens of benign prostate and prostate cancer from 20 African and 20 Caucasian Americans was compared to demonstrate an application of this system.METHODS: A set of 200 immunopositive and 200 immunonegative nuclei were collected from the images using a macro developed in Image Pro Plus. Linear Discriminant and Logistic Regression analyses were performed on the data to generate classification coefficients. Classification coefficients render the automated image analysis software independent of the type of immunostaining or image acquisition system used. The image analysis software performs local segmentation and uses nuclear shape and size to detect prostatic epithelial nuclei. AR expression is described by (a) percentage of immunopositive nuclei; (b) percentage of immunopositive nuclear area; and (c) intensity of AR expression among immunopositive nuclei or areas.RESULTS: The percent positive nuclei and percent nuclear area were similar by race in both benign prostate hyperplasia and prostate cancer. In prostate cancer epithelial nuclei, African Americans exhibited 38% higher levels of AR immunostaining than Caucasian Americans (two sided Student's t-tests; P < 0.05). Intensity of AR immunostaining was similar between races in benign prostate.CONCLUSION: The differences measured in the intensity of AR expression in prostate cancer were consistent with previous studies. Classification coefficients are required due to non-standardized immunostaining and image collection methods across medical institutions and research laboratories and helps customize the software for the specimen under study. The availability of a free, automated system creates new opportunities for testing, evaluation and use of this image analysis system by many research groups who study nuclear protein expression.
|
['Algorithms', 'Artificial Intelligence', 'Biomarkers, Tumor', 'Cell Nucleus', 'Humans', 'Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted', 'Male', 'Programming Languages', 'Prostatic Hyperplasia', 'Prostatic Neoplasms', 'Receptors, Androgen', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Software']
| 15,888,205
|
[['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['G17.035.250', 'L01.224.050.375'], ['D23.101.140'], ['A11.284.430.106', 'A11.284.430.214.190.875.117'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.158.600', 'E01.370.350.350', 'L01.313.500.750.100.158.600'], ['L01.224.900.780'], ['C12.294.565.500'], ['C04.588.945.440.770', 'C12.294.260.750', 'C12.294.565.625', 'C12.758.409.750'], ['D12.776.826.750.150'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['L01.224.900']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
[Reducing dietary salt intake: an important public health strategy in Switzerland].
|
Current dietary salt (sodium chloride) intake largely exceeds physiological needs (about 1.5 g salt per day, or 550 mg sodium per day) in most countries (> 8 g salt per day). The main sources of dietar salt intake are breads, cheeses, products derived from meat and ready-to-eat meals. On average, a high-salt diet is associated with higher blood pressure levels. In Switzerland, one out of three adults suffers from arterial hypertension. Half of cerebrovascular events and ischaemic cardiac events are attributable to elevated blood pressure. The Swiss Federal Office of Public Health is currently running a strategy aiming at reducing dietary salt intake in the Swiss population to less than 5 g per day on the long run (Salz Strategie 2008-2012).
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Cardiovascular Diseases', 'Food', 'Humans', 'Hypertension', 'Middle Aged', 'Preventive Medicine', 'Public Health', 'Social Medicine', 'Sodium Chloride, Dietary', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Switzerland']
| 20,373,695
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C14'], ['G07.203.300', 'J02.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C14.907.489'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['H02.403.720.750'], ['H02.403.720', 'N01.400.550', 'N06.850'], ['H02.403.800'], ['D01.857.650.705', 'D01.857.875.705'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['Z01.542.883']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
A possible relation between pressure loading and thickened leaflets of the aortic valve: a model simulation.
|
A much smaller percentage of thickened leaflets of the aortic valve have been found in the right or left coronary leaflet than in the noncoronary leaflet. This study investigated the pressure loading transferring to the leaflets of the aortic valve and their effects on the valvular thickening. A simple ascending aorta model was established, and a simulation was made. The pressure loading in the coronary and noncoronary leaflets then were estimated. The simulation results showed that 5.8% to 17.% percentage of pressure loading to the coronary leaflet may be decreased by the coronary perfusion in diastole. The coronary arteries play an important role on pressures in the sinuses of Valsalva. The smaller pressure loading transferring to the coronary leaflet than that to the noncoronary leaflet is one reasonable explanation related to the thickened leaflets of the aortic valve.
|
['Aorta', 'Aortic Valve', 'Blood Pressure', 'Coronary Vessels', 'Diastole', 'Humans', 'Hypertrophy', 'Models, Cardiovascular', 'Pulsatile Flow', 'Sinus of Valsalva']
| 7,858,777
|
[['A07.015.114.056'], ['A07.541.510.110'], ['E01.370.600.875.249', 'G09.330.380.076'], ['A07.015.114.269', 'A07.015.908.194'], ['G09.330.580.295', 'G11.427.494.554.250', 'G11.427.494.570.295'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C23.300.775'], ['E05.599.395.161'], ['G01.482.620', 'G09.330.380.630.555'], ['A07.015.114.056.847']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Hydrocephalus.
|
In treating patients with hydrocephalus, cerebral ventricular shunts and their complications are often encountered by the primary care provider. Caring for these patients can provoke anxiety and doubt in those who have had little exposure in dealing with shunts. Becoming familiar with the clinical findings, etiology, and treatment of hydrocephalus, as well as the signs and symptoms of cerebral ventricular shunt complications, will aid the primary care physician in the management, treatment, referral, and continuing care of these patients.
|
['Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunts', 'Humans', 'Hydrocephalus']
| 11,892,883
|
[['E04.035.188', 'E04.525.170'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C10.228.140.602']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The nuclear oestrogen receptor in the female rat. Effects of oestradiol administration during the oestrous cycle on the uterus and contrasting effects of progesterone on the uterus and hypothalamus.
|
Oestradiol administration to immature or ovariectomized rats has been reported to increase the uterine content of long-term nuclear oestrogen receptors. However, in the intact adult female rat, oestradiol administration did not increase the concentration of long-term nuclear oestrogen receptors at all phases of the oestrous cycle. Progesterone administration to rats in late dioestrus did not affect the concentration of uterine nuclear oestrogen receptors 24 h later, although it did prevent the normal cyclic increase at pro-oestrus in the concentration of hypothalamic nuclear oestrogen receptors. Our results therefore show that in the intact adult rat, factors other than the concentration of progesterone or oestradiol determine the nuclear concentration of oestrogen receptors in the uterus. They also demonstrate differences between neural and non-neural tissues in the regulation of oestrogen-receptor interactions.
|
['Animals', 'Castration', 'Cell Nucleus', 'Estradiol', 'Estrus', 'Female', 'Hypothalamus', 'Pregnancy', 'Progesterone', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Strains', 'Receptors, Estrogen', 'Uterus']
| 7,198,913
|
[['B01.050'], ['E04.270.282', 'E04.950.165'], ['A11.284.430.106', 'A11.284.430.214.190.875.117'], ['D04.210.500.365.415.248', 'D06.472.334.851.437.500'], ['G08.686.195.500'], ['A08.186.211.180.497', 'A08.186.211.200.317.357'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['D04.210.500.745.745.654.829', 'D06.472.334.734.623', 'D06.472.334.851.687.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400'], ['D12.776.826.750.350', 'D12.776.930.778.350'], ['A05.360.319.679']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Podoplanin promotes progression of malignant pleural mesothelioma by regulating motility and focus formation.
|
Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is characterized by dissemination and aggressive growth in the thoracic cavity. Podoplanin (PDPN) is an established diagnostic marker for MPM, but the function of PDPN in MPM is not fully understood. The purpose of this study was to determine the pathogenetic function of PDPN in MPM. Forty-seven of 52 tumors (90%) from Japanese patients with MPM and 3/6 (50%) MPM cell lines tested positive for PDPN. Knocking down PDPN in PDPN-high expressing MPM cells resulted in decreased cell motility. In contrast, overexpression of PDPN in PDPN-low expressing MPM cells enhanced cell motility. PDPN stimulated motility was mediated by activation of the RhoA/ROCK pathway. Moreover, knocking down PDPN with short hairpin (sh) RNA in PDPN-high expressing MPM cells resulted in decreased development of a thoracic tumor in mice with severe combined immune deficiency (SCID). In sharp contrast, transfection of PDPN in PDPN-low expressing MPM cells resulted in an increase in the number of Ki-67-positive proliferating tumor cells and it promoted progression of a thoracic tumor in SCID mice. Interestingly, PDPN promoted focus formation in vitro, and a low level of E-cadherin expression and YAP1 activation was observed in PDPN-high MPM tumors. These findings indicate that PDPN is a diagnostic marker as well as a pathogenetic regulator that promotes MPM progression by increasing cell motility and inducing focus formation. Therefore, PDPN might be a pathogenetic determinant of MPM dissemination and aggressive growth and may thus be an ideal therapeutic target.
|
['Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing', 'Animals', 'Blotting, Western', 'Cadherins', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Cell Movement', 'Disease Progression', 'Humans', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Ki-67 Antigen', 'Membrane Glycoproteins', 'Mesothelioma', 'Mice, SCID', 'Phosphoproteins', 'Pleural Neoplasms', 'RNA Interference', 'Signal Transduction', 'Transcription Factors', 'Transplantation, Heterologous', 'rho GTP-Binding Proteins', 'rho-Associated Kinases']
| 28,182,302
|
[['D12.644.360.024', 'D12.776.157.057', 'D12.776.476.024'], ['B01.050'], ['E05.196.401.143', 'E05.301.300.096', 'E05.478.566.320.200', 'E05.601.262', 'E05.601.470.320.200'], ['D12.776.395.550.200.200', 'D12.776.543.550.200.200', 'D23.050.301.350.200'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['G04.198', 'G07.568.500.180'], ['C23.550.291.656'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['D12.776.660.625.500', 'D23.050.290.500', 'D23.101.140.400'], ['D12.776.395.550', 'D12.776.543.550'], ['C04.557.470.035.510', 'C04.557.470.660.510'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.780'], ['D12.776.744'], ['C04.588.894.797.640', 'C08.528.694', 'C08.785.640'], ['G05.308.203.374.790'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['D12.776.930'], ['E04.936.764'], ['D08.811.277.040.330.300.400.700', 'D12.644.360.525.700', 'D12.776.157.325.515.700', 'D12.776.476.525.700'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.814', 'D12.644.360.590', 'D12.776.476.595']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Endoscopic adenoidectomy in a case of Scheie syndrome (MPS I S).
|
The mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) are a heterogeneous group of relatively rare, progressive, inherited lysosomal storage disorders, characterized by a deficiency of lysosomal enzymes which are responsible for the stepwise degradation of glycosaminoglycans. Their deficiency leads to the accumulation of glycosaminoglycans in various organs causing progressive disruption of cellular functions and multiple systemic effects including otolaryngological problems, upper airway obstructive disease being the most common. Scheie syndrome (MPS I S) is due to the deficient activity of alpha-L-iduronidase leading to the intralysosomal accumulation of dermatan sulfate and heparan sulfate. We present our experience in one such case occuring in a 6-year-old girl with ENT manifestations and who underwent a successful endoscopic adenoidectomy for symptomatic adenoid hypertrophy. This procedure was preferred over a conventional adenoidectomy in order to avoid complications associated with abnormal cervical vertebrae.
|
['Adenoidectomy', 'Adenoids', 'Child', 'Endoscopy', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hypertrophy', 'Mucopolysaccharidosis I']
| 9,725,536
|
[['E04.580.068'], ['A04.623.557.500', 'A10.549.100', 'A14.724.557.500', 'A15.382.520.604.100'], ['M01.060.406'], ['E01.370.388.250', 'E04.502.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C23.300.775'], ['C16.320.565.202.715.640', 'C16.320.565.595.600.640', 'C17.300.550.575.640', 'C18.452.648.202.715.640', 'C18.452.648.595.600.640']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Effects of hypocholesterolemia and chronic hormonal stimulation on sterol and steroid metabolism in a Leydig cell tumor.
|
The studies presented herein were done to investigate the effects of drug-induced hypocholesterolemia and chronic hormonal stimulation on cholesterol metabolism and steroid biosynthesis in a functional Leydig cell tumor. It was found that 4-aminopyrazolo(3,4-d)-pyrimidine (4-APP)-induced hypocholesterolemia had no effect on a) the amount of cholesterol present in the tumor, b) cholesterol biosynthesis, and c) steroid production. Chronic stimulation with choriogonadotropin also had no effect on the amount of cholesterol present in the tumor, but it increased steroid production and cholesterol biosynthesis. These results suggest that the Leydig tumor cells primarily use intracellular cholesterol for steroid biosynthesis. Other data show that 4-APP treatment reduces gonadotropin binding in the Leydig tumor cells.
|
['Adenine', 'Animals', 'Cholesterol', 'Chorionic Gonadotropin', 'Dyslipidemias', 'Kinetics', 'Leydig Cell Tumor', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Neoplasms, Experimental', 'Steroids', 'Sterols', 'Testicular Neoplasms']
| 7,320,635
|
[['D03.633.100.759.138'], ['B01.050'], ['D04.210.500.247.222.284', 'D04.210.500.247.808.197', 'D10.570.938.208'], ['D06.472.699.322.326', 'D06.472.699.649.367', 'D12.644.548.726.367', 'D12.776.780.400'], ['C18.452.584.500'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['C04.557.475.750.847.249', 'C04.588.322.762.500.249', 'C04.588.945.440.915.500.249', 'C12.294.260.937.500.249', 'C12.758.409.937.500.249', 'C19.344.762.500.249', 'C19.391.829.782.500.249'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['C04.619', 'E05.598.500.496'], ['D04.210.500'], ['D04.210.500.247.808', 'D10.570.938'], ['C04.588.322.762', 'C04.588.945.440.915', 'C12.294.260.937', 'C12.758.409.937', 'C19.344.762', 'C19.391.829.782']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The spleen plays a central role in primary humoral alloimmunization to transfused mHEL red blood cells.
|
BACKGROUND: Several differences exist between antigens on transfused red blood cells (RBCs) and other immunogens, including anatomical compartmentalization. Whereas antigens from microbial pathogens and solid organ transplants drain into local lymph nodes, circulating RBCs remain segregated in the peripheral circulation, where they are consumed by antigen-presenting cells (APCs) in the spleen and liver. Accordingly, it was hypothesized that the splenic APCs play a central role in primary alloimmunization to transfused RBCs.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Recipient mice were splenectomized and transfused with transgenic RBCs expressing the membrane-bound hen egg lysozyme (mHEL) model RBC antigen. In some experiments, mHEL-specific CD4+ T cells were adoptively transferred into recipient mice to allow investigation of helper T-cell responses. Unmanipulated or sham-splenectomized mice served as controls. Recombinant murine cytomegalovirus expressing mHEL (mHEL-MCMV) was used as a control non-RBC immunogen. Humoral responses were measured by mHEL-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and flow cytometric–based RBC cross-match.RESULTS: Control animals synthesized detectable anti-HEL immunoglobulin (Ig)G after a single mHEL RBC transfusion. mHEL-specific CD4+ T cells underwent robust expansion, and adoptive transfer of CD4+ T cells resulted in a 1000-fold increase in anti-HEL IgG. In contrast, minimal anti-HEL IgG was detectable in splenectomized mice, mHEL-specific CD4+ T cells did not proliferate, and adoptive transfer did not increase anti-HEL IgG. However, anti-HEL IgG response after exposure to mHEL-MCMV was equivalent in control and splenectomized mice.DISCUSSION: Together, these findings illustrate the distinct properties of transfused RBCs as immunologic stimuli, with the spleen playing a critical role in primary RBC alloimmunization at the level of CD4+ T-cell activation.
|
['Animals', 'Antigen-Presenting Cells', 'CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes', 'Chickens', 'Erythrocyte Transfusion', 'Erythrocytes', 'Immunity, Humoral', 'Immunization', 'Lymphocyte Activation', 'Mice', 'Mice, Transgenic', 'Muramidase', 'Spleen']
| 19,413,728
|
[['B01.050'], ['A11.066', 'A15.382.066'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.569.200', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.200', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.200'], ['B01.050.150.900.248.350.150', 'B01.050.150.900.248.690.192'], ['E02.095.135.140.275'], ['A11.118.290', 'A11.443.240', 'A15.145.229.334'], ['G12.450.050.420'], ['E02.095.465.425.400', 'E05.478.550', 'N02.421.726.758.310', 'N06.850.780.200.425', 'N06.850.780.680.310'], ['E01.370.225.812.482', 'E05.200.812.482', 'E05.478.594.530', 'G12.450.050.400.545', 'G12.565'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.136.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800'], ['D08.811.277.450.642'], ['A10.549.700', 'A15.382.520.604.700']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Synthesis, structure and biological evaluation of novel bicyclic nitroimidazole derivatives.
|
A new series of 3-hydroxy-8-nitroimidazo[5,1-b]-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidine systems, being potential tuberculostatic agents, were synthesized. These products are close structural analogs of the basic structure of the known antitubercular bicyclic nitroimidazooxazine PA-824. The structures of the products obtained were confirmed by X-ray methods on the example of 3-hydroxy-8-nitro-1-phenylaminoimidazo[5,1-b]-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidine. Evaluation of these products for their anti-tuberculosis effects revealed interesting structure-activity relationships.
|
['Antitubercular Agents', 'Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic', 'Crystallography, X-Ray', 'Microbial Sensitivity Tests', 'Molecular Structure', 'Mycobacterium tuberculosis', 'Nitroimidazoles', 'Structure-Activity Relationship']
| 22,266,946
|
[['D27.505.954.122.085.255'], ['D03.605.084'], ['E05.196.309.742.225'], ['E01.370.225.875.595', 'E05.200.875.595', 'E05.337.550.400'], ['G02.111.570', 'G02.466'], ['B03.510.024.962.500.702', 'B03.510.460.400.410.552.552.702'], ['D02.640.672', 'D03.383.129.308.658'], ['G02.111.830', 'G07.690.773.997']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha, prostaglandins E2, F2 alpha and thromboxane B2 production by endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts cultured from piglet aorta.
|
After [3H]arachidonic acid labeling, cyclooxygenase products were qualitatively analysed in the media of each cultured vascular cell type by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (rp-HPLC). The prostaglandin E2, prostaglandin F2 alpha, 6-ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha and thromboxane B2 detected in the rp-HPLC radioactive profile were then quantified by radioimmunoassay (RIA) in separate sets of experiments. In preconfluent endothelial cells prostaglandin F2 alpha and 6-ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha were detected in equal amounts (49%), whereas after confluence 6-ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha represented 57% of total secretion (P less than 0.05). Smooth muscle cells secreted mainly prostaglandin F2 alpha (48%) and fibroblasts prostaglandin E2 (44%). Using the bioassay method, antiaggregatory activity was detected only in endothelial cells, though a small percentage of immunoreactive 6-ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha was encountered in smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts (13 and 10%, respectively). Radioimmunological analysis after rp-HPLC separation of the medium of endothelial cells showed that the anti-6-ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha antibody recognized, among other substances, an unidentified compound. Its retention time was similar to that of prostaglandin F2 alpha. This unidentified compound was not detected in the media from smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts.
|
['6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha', 'Animals', 'Aorta', 'Arachidonic Acid', 'Arachidonic Acids', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Dinoprost', 'Dinoprostone', 'Endothelium', 'Fibroblast Growth Factors', 'Fibroblasts', 'Growth Substances', 'Kinetics', 'Muscle, Smooth, Vascular', 'Peptides', 'Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases', 'Prostaglandins E', 'Prostaglandins F', 'Swine', 'Thromboxane B2', 'Thromboxanes']
| 6,214,281
|
[['D10.251.355.255.550.400.350', 'D10.251.355.325.450', 'D23.469.050.175.725.400.350'], ['B01.050'], ['A07.015.114.056'], ['D10.251.355.255.100.100', 'D10.251.355.310.166.100'], ['D10.251.355.255.100', 'D10.251.355.310.166'], ['A11.251'], ['D10.251.355.255.550.400.200', 'D23.469.050.175.725.400.200'], ['D10.251.355.255.550.250.200', 'D23.469.050.175.725.250.200'], ['A10.272.491'], ['D12.644.276.624', 'D12.776.467.624', 'D23.529.624'], ['A11.329.228'], ['D27.505.696.377'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['A02.633.570.491', 'A07.015.733.500', 'A10.690.467.491'], ['D12.644'], ['D08.811.600.720', 'D08.811.682.690.708.715'], ['D10.251.355.255.550.250', 'D23.469.050.175.725.250'], ['D10.251.355.255.550.400', 'D23.469.050.175.725.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.880'], ['D10.251.355.255.100.825.810', 'D10.251.355.310.166.971.810'], ['D10.251.355.255.100.825', 'D10.251.355.310.166.971']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Targeting the cytosolic innate immune receptors RIG-I and MDA5 effectively counteracts cancer cell heterogeneity in glioblastoma.
|
Cellular heterogeneity, for example, the intratumoral coexistence of cancer cells with and without stem cell characteristics, represents a potential root of therapeutic resistance and a significant challenge for modern drug development in glioblastoma (GBM). We propose here that activation of the innate immune system by stimulation of innate immune receptors involved in antiviral and antitumor responses can similarly target different malignant populations of glioma cells. We used short-term expanded patient-specific primary human GBM cells to study the stimulation of the cytosolic nucleic acid receptors melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5) and retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I). Specifically, we analyzed cells from the tumor core versus "residual GBM cells" derived from the tumor resection margin as well as stem cell-enriched primary cultures versus specimens without stem cell properties. A portfolio of human, nontumor neural cells was used as a control for these studies. The expression of RIG-I and MDA5 could be induced in all of these cells. Receptor stimulation with their respective ligands, p(I:C) and 3pRNA, led to in vitro evidence for an effective activation of the innate immune system. Most intriguingly, all investigated cancer cell populations additionally responded with a pronounced induction of apoptotic signaling cascades revealing a second, direct mechanism of antitumor activity. By contrast, p(I:C) and 3pRNA induced only little toxicity in human nonmalignant neural cells. Granted that the challenge of effective central nervous system (CNS) delivery can be overcome, targeting of RIG-I and MDA5 could thus become a quintessential strategy to encounter heterogeneous cancers in the sophisticated environments of the brain.
|
['Antineoplastic Agents', 'Apoptosis', 'Brain Neoplasms', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Cytosol', 'DEAD Box Protein 58', 'DEAD-box RNA Helicases', 'Glioblastoma', 'Humans', 'Immunity, Innate', 'Interferon-Induced Helicase, IFIH1', 'Ligands', 'Signal Transduction', 'Stem Cells']
| 23,390,110
|
[['D27.505.954.248'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['C04.588.614.250.195', 'C10.228.140.211', 'C10.551.240.250'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['A11.284.430.214.200', 'A11.284.430.429.200', 'A11.284.835.450.200'], ['D08.811.913.696.445.735.720.249.750'], ['D08.811.913.696.445.735.720.249'], ['C04.557.465.625.600.380.080.335', 'C04.557.470.670.380.080.335', 'C04.557.580.625.600.380.080.335'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G12.450.564'], ['D08.811.913.696.445.735.720.249.875'], ['D27.720.470.480'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['A11.872']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Analgesics in geriatric patients. Adverse side effects and interactions].
|
Pain is a widespread symptom in clinical practice. Older adults and chronically ill patients are particularly affected. In multimorbid geriatric patients, pharmacological pain treatment is an extension of a previously existing multimedication. Besides the efficacy of pain treatment, drug side effects and drug-drug interactions have to be taken into account to minimize the health risk for these patients. Apart from the number of prescriptions, the age-related pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic changes significantly increase the risk among older adults. The use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) is widespread but NSAIDs have the highest risk of adverse drug reactions and drug interactions. In particular, the gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, renal and coagulation systems are affected. Apart from the known toxic effect on the liver (in high doses), paracetamol (acetaminophen) has similar risks although to a lesser degree. According to current data, metamizol is actually better than its reputation suggests. The risk of potential drug interactions seems to be low. Apart from the risk of sedation in combination with other drugs, tramadol and other opioids can induce the serotonin syndrome. Among older adults, especially in the case of polypharmacy, an individualized approach should be considered instead of sticking to the pain management recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) in order to minimize drug-drug interactions and adverse drug reactions.
|
['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Analgesics', 'Antidepressive Agents', 'Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury', 'Drug Interactions', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Serotonin Syndrome']
| 26,152,872
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['D27.505.696.663.850.014', 'D27.505.954.427.040'], ['D27.505.954.427.700.122'], ['C06.552.100', 'C25.100.562', 'C25.723.260'], ['G07.690.773.968'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C25.100.875']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
A panel data analysis of the relationships of nursing home staffing levels and standards to regulatory deficiencies.
|
OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationships between nursing staffing levels and nursing home deficiencies.METHODS: This panel data analysis employed random-effect models that adjusted for unobserved, nursing home-specific heterogeneity over time. Data were obtained from California's long-term care annual cost report data and the Automated Certification and Licensing Administrative Information and Management Systems data from 1999 to 2003, linked with other secondary data sources.RESULTS: Both total nursing staffing and registered nurse (RN) staffing levels were negatively related to total deficiencies, quality of care deficiencies, and serious deficiencies that may cause harm or jeopardy to nursing home residents. Nursing homes that met the state staffing standard received fewer total deficiencies and quality of care deficiencies than nursing homes that failed to meet the standard. Meeting the state staffing standard was not related to receiving serious deficiencies.CONCLUSIONS: Total nursing staffing and RN staffing levels were predictors of nursing home quality. Further research is needed on the effectiveness of state minimum staffing standards.
|
['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'California', 'Health Care Surveys', 'Homes for the Aged', 'Humans', 'Nursing Homes', 'Nursing Staff', 'Quality Indicators, Health Care', 'Quality of Health Care', 'Reference Standards', 'Safety Management', 'Workforce']
| 19,181,692
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['Z01.107.567.875.580.200', 'Z01.107.567.875.760.200'], ['E05.318.308.980.344', 'N03.349.380.210', 'N05.425.210', 'N05.715.360.300.800.344', 'N06.850.520.308.980.344'], ['J03.775.462', 'N02.278.825.462'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N02.278.825.610'], ['M01.526.485.680', 'N02.360.680'], ['N04.761.789', 'N05.715.760'], ['N04.761', 'N05.715'], ['E05.978.808'], ['N04.452.871.900', 'N06.850.135.060.075.800'], ['N04.452.525']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Differentiating sibling species of Zeugodacus caudatus (Insecta: Tephritidae) by complete mitochondrial genome.
|
Zeugodacus caudatus is a pest of pumpkin flowers. It has a Palearctic and Oriental distribution. We report here the complete mitochondrial genome of the Malaysian and Indonesian samples of Z. caudatus determined by next-generation sequencing of genomic DNA and determine their taxonomic status as sibling species and phylogeny with other taxa of the genus Zeugodacus. The whole mitogenome of both samples possessed 37 genes (13 protein-coding genes-PCGs, 2 rRNA and 22 tRNA genes) and a control region. The mitogenome of the Indonesian sample (15,885 bp) was longer than that of the Malaysian sample (15,866 bp). In both samples, TØC-loop was absent in trnF and DHU-loop was absent in trnS1. Molecular phylogeny based on 13 PCGs was concordant with 15 mitochondrial genes (13 PCGs and 2 rRNA genes), with the two samples of Z. caudatus forming a sister group and the genus Zeugodacus was monophyletic. The Malaysian and Indonesian samples of Z. caudatus have a genetic distance of p = 7.8 % based on 13 PCGs and p = 7.0 % based on 15 mitochondrial genes, indicating status of sibling species. They are proposed to be accorded specific status as members of a species complex.
|
['Animals', 'Genetic Structures', 'Genetic Variation', 'Genome Size', 'Genome, Mitochondrial', 'High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing', 'Indonesia', 'Malaysia', 'Male', 'Open Reading Frames', 'Phylogeny', 'Siblings', 'Tephritidae']
| 27,502,829
|
[['B01.050'], ['G05.360'], ['G05.365'], ['G05.360.340.037'], ['G05.360.340.360'], ['E05.393.760.319'], ['Z01.252.145.380', 'Z01.639.580'], ['Z01.252.145.487'], ['G05.360.335.760.640', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.650'], ['G05.697', 'G16.075.605', 'L01.100.697'], ['F01.829.263.500.490', 'I01.880.853.150.500.505', 'M01.781'], ['B01.050.500.131.617.720.500.500.750.850']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
|
Bioactive phenolic compounds from a medicinal lichen, Usnea longissima.
|
Natural products, longissiminone A (1) and longissiminone B (2), were isolated along with a known compound, glutinol (3), from a medicinal lichen, Usnea longissima. The structures of compounds 1 and 2 were determined with the help of spectroscopic studies. Compound 1 was found to possess potent anti-inflammatory activity in a cell-based contemporary assay. Cytotoxicity activity measured by cell viability assay showed 100% viability in the presence of 200 microg/mL conc. of these compounds.
|
['Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal', 'Benzene Derivatives', 'Cell Survival', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Humans', 'Molecular Structure', 'Neutrophils', 'Triterpenes', 'Usnea']
| 16,102,789
|
[['D27.505.696.663.850.014.040.500', 'D27.505.954.158.030', 'D27.505.954.329.030'], ['D02.455.426.559.389'], ['G04.346'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G02.111.570', 'G02.466'], ['A11.118.637.415.583', 'A11.627.340.583', 'A11.733.689', 'A15.145.229.637.415.583', 'A15.382.490.315.583', 'A15.382.680.689'], ['D02.455.849.919'], ['B01.300.107.685.500', 'B01.300.340.458.500']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[The effect of stimulation of the ocular muscles on the formation of visual responses in the cat lateral geniculate body].
|
It has been shown in acute experiments on anesthetized cats that stimulation of the ocular muscles by single current pulse caused different changes in formation of negative and positive components of the visual response of the lateral geniculate nucleus. It was established that character of those changes depended on the interval between conditioned muscular and tested light stimuli.
|
['Animals', 'Cats', 'Electric Stimulation', 'Evoked Potentials, Visual', 'Geniculate Bodies', 'Oculomotor Muscles', 'Photic Stimulation', 'Reaction Time', 'Saccades', 'Time Factors', 'Visual Perception']
| 1,922,564
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.377.750.250.125'], ['E05.723.402'], ['G07.265.216.500.425', 'G11.561.200.500.425', 'G14.330'], ['A08.186.211.200.317.826.701.444'], ['A02.633.567.700'], ['E05.723.729'], ['E05.796.817', 'F02.830.650', 'F04.669.817', 'G11.561.677'], ['G14.350.500'], ['G01.910.857'], ['F02.463.593.932']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Dynamics of a lipid bilayer induced by electric fields.
|
The dynamics of a lipid bilayer of 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-glycero-3-phospho-ethanolamine, POPE, is investigated under the effect of two electric field intensities. The box of 720 lipids and 13,458 water molecules-plus boundary conditions-undergoes similar re-organizational dynamics in the presence of fields of 0.35 V nm(-1) and 0.5 V nm(-1). Water fingers form followed by some lipid translocation from one layer to the other. The re-organization kinetics is of the second order and is roughly 5 times faster at the higher field. The translocations may occur also upon field switch off, provided that their duration was sufficiently long. Driving few lipid translocations by a macroscopic tool, such as the electric field, appears possible.
|
['Electricity', 'Kinetics', 'Lipid Bilayers', 'Molecular Dynamics Simulation', 'Phosphatidylethanolamines', 'Water']
| 21,468,426
|
[['G01.358.500.249'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['D10.570.510', 'J01.637.087.500.510'], ['E05.599.595.500', 'G02.111.570.895', 'L01.224.160.500'], ['D10.570.755.375.760.400.840'], ['D01.045.250.875', 'D01.248.497.158.459.650', 'D01.650.550.925']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Epidemiology of hypertension associated with diabetes mellitus.
|
The clinical impression of an association between hypertension and diabetes mellitus has not been consistently confirmed by epidemiological studies. The variety of methodological problems in this area of research includes the choice of appropriate patient and control groups, the measurement techniques used, and consideration of many possible confounding variables. Several prospective studies have shown that hypertension may be a potent risk factor for diabetic macrovascular and microvascular disease. This relationship may have important preventive implications, and raises the question of the optimal antihypertensive therapy in diabetic patients.
|
['Adult', 'Antihypertensive Agents', 'Diabetes Complications', 'Diabetes Mellitus', 'Epidemiologic Methods', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hypertension', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Risk']
| 4,077,239
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D27.505.954.411.162'], ['C19.246.099'], ['C18.452.394.750', 'C19.246'], ['E05.318', 'N06.850.520'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C14.907.489'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.740.600.800', 'G17.680.750', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Non-random, individual-specific methylation profiles are present at the sixth CTCF binding site in the human H19/IGF2 imprinting control region.
|
Expression of imprinted genes is classically associated with differential methylation of specific CpG-rich DNA regions (DMRs). The H19/IGF2 locus is considered a paradigm for epigenetic regulation. In mice, as in humans, the essential H19 DMR--target of the CTCF insulator--is located between the two genes. Here, we performed a pyrosequencing-based quantitative analysis of its CpG methylation in normal human tissues. The quantitative analysis of the methylation level in the H19 DMR revealed three unexpected discrete, individual-specific methylation states. This epigenetic polymorphism was confined to the sixth CTCF binding site while a unique median-methylated profile was found at the third CTCF binding site as well as in the H19 promoter. Monoallelic expression of H19 and IGF2 was maintained independently of the methylation status at the sixth CTCF binding site and the IGF2 DMR2 displayed a median-methylated profile in all individuals and tissues analyzed. Interestingly, the methylation profile was genetically transmitted. Transgenerational inheritance of the H19 methylation profile was compatible with a simple model involving one gene with three alleles. The existence of three individual-specific epigenotypes in the H19 DMR in a non-pathological situation means it is important to reconsider the diagnostic value and functional importance of the sixth CTCF binding site.
|
['Binding Sites', 'CCCTC-Binding Factor', 'CpG Islands', 'DNA Methylation', 'DNA-Binding Proteins', 'Female', 'Gene Expression', 'Genomic Imprinting', 'Genotype', 'Humans', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Inheritance Patterns', 'Insulin-Like Growth Factor II', 'Male', 'Models, Genetic', 'Pedigree', 'Placenta', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Proteins', 'RNA, Long Noncoding', 'RNA, Untranslated', 'Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid', 'Repressor Proteins']
| 17,012,269
|
[['G02.111.570.120'], ['D12.776.157.687.157', 'D12.776.260.120', 'D12.776.660.235.050', 'D12.776.660.720.157', 'D12.776.664.235.050', 'D12.776.930.780.563'], ['G02.111.570.080.380.160', 'G05.360.080.380.160', 'G05.360.340.024.159'], ['G02.111.035.538.161', 'G02.111.218', 'G03.059.538.161', 'G05.206'], ['D12.776.260'], ['G05.297'], ['G05.308.203.500'], ['G05.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['G05.420'], ['D12.644.276.937.420', 'D12.776.124.862.425', 'D12.776.467.937.420', 'D23.529.937.420'], ['E05.599.395.397'], ['E05.393.673'], ['A16.710'], ['E05.393.620.500'], ['D12.776'], ['D13.444.735.790.375'], ['D13.444.735.790'], ['G02.111.570.080.689', 'G05.360.080.689'], ['D12.776.260.703', 'D12.776.930.780']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Primaquine metabolism by human liver microsomes: effect of other antimalarial drugs.
|
A number of drugs have been studied for their effect on the metabolism of the antimalarial drug primaquine by human liver microsomes (N = 4) in vitro. The only metabolite generated was identified as carboxyprimaquine by co-chromatography with the authentic standard. Ketoconazole, a known inhibitor of cytochrome P450 isozymes, caused marked inhibition of carboxyprimaquine formation with IC50 and K(i) values of 15 and 6.7 microM, respectively. This finding and the dependency of metabolite formation on NADPH indicates that cytochrome P450 isozyme(s) catalysed metabolite production. Of compounds actually or likely to be coadministered with primaquine to malaria patients, only mefloquine produced any inhibition (K(i) = 52.5 microM). Quinine, artemether, artesunate, halofantrine and chloroquine did not significantly inhibit metabolite formation. It seems unlikely that the concurrent administration of mefloquine, or other antimalarials, with primaquine will lead to appreciably altered disposition.
|
['Antimalarials', 'Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors', 'Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System', 'Drug Interactions', 'Humans', 'Isoenzymes', 'Kinetics', 'Microsomes, Liver', 'NADP', 'Primaquine']
| 1,510,705
|
[['D27.505.954.122.250.100.085'], ['D27.505.389.500', 'D27.505.519.389.335'], ['D08.244.453', 'D08.811.682.690.708.170', 'D12.776.422.220.453'], ['G07.690.773.968'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D08.811.348', 'D12.776.800.300'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['A11.284.835.540.541'], ['D03.633.100.759.646.138.749', 'D08.211.625', 'D13.695.667.138.749', 'D13.695.827.068.749'], ['D03.633.100.810.050.650']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Measurement of azygos venous blood flow by a continuous thermal dilution technique: an index of blood flow through gastroesophageal collaterals in cirrhosis.
|
A method to quantitate blood flow through the gastroesophageal collaterals in portal hypertensive patients was developed. Since gastroesophageal collaterals drain into the azygos system, it is postulated that measurement of blood flow in the azygos vein should provide a quantitative measurement of gastroesophageal collateral blood flow changes in portal hypertensive patients. Azygos blood flow was measured using a double thermodilution catheter directed under fluoroscopy to the azygos vein. Ten patients with alcoholic cirrhosis were studied. Five of these patients had a history of repeated bleeding from gastroesophageal varices (Group I). The azygos blood flow in these patients was 596 +/- 78 ml per min. The other five patients all had decompressive surgery of the portal system (Group II). In these patients the azygos venous blood flow was 305 +/- 29 ml per min (p less than 0.01). The coefficient of variation of repeated baseline measurements was of 4.4 +/- 0.6%. The azygos venous blood flow measurement is a rapid, simple and sensitive method to evaluate blood flow changes in the vessels involved in gastroesophageal bleeding due to portal hypertension.
|
['Azygos Vein', 'Blood Flow Velocity', 'Esophageal and Gastric Varices', 'Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage', 'Humans', 'Hypertension, Portal', 'Liver Cirrhosis, Alcoholic', 'Regional Blood Flow', 'Stomach', 'Thermodilution', 'Valsalva Maneuver', 'Varicose Veins']
| 6,609,870
|
[['A07.015.908.106'], ['E01.370.370.130', 'G09.330.380.630.080'], ['C06.405.117.240', 'C06.552.494.414'], ['C06.405.227', 'C23.550.414.788'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C06.552.494'], ['C06.552.630.380', 'C06.552.645.590', 'C23.550.355.412.380', 'C25.775.100.087.645.550'], ['G09.330.100.780'], ['A03.556.875.875'], ['E05.484.750'], ['E01.370.370.380.950', 'E01.370.386.700.950', 'G09.330.380.875', 'G09.772.910'], ['C14.907.927']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The effect of routine intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography on surgical management.
|
OBJECTIVE: To assess the effects of routine intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) on surgical management of patients undergoing all types of cardiac surgery.DESIGN: Prospective, observational.SETTING: A single-institution, clinical investigation, university-affiliated hospital.PARTICIPANTS: Two hundred eighty-three consecutive patients undergoing cardiac surgery.INTERVENTIONS: A comprehensive TEE examination was performed in every patient after the induction of anesthesia. An appropriate surgical plan was then developed. A focused TEE examination was also performed at the conclusion of surgery. Whether or not TEE findings represented new information and whether or not this new information altered surgical management was documented.MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: There were 106 new TEE findings in 87 patients (31%). Half of the new findings involved the mitral valve, and a quarter involved the tricuspid valve. The new TEE information altered surgical management 77 ways in 71 patients (25%). Half of the altered surgical managements involved the mitral valve, and a third involved the tricuspid valve. In 8 patients (3%), TEE information influenced decisions regarding use/nonuse of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). In 2 patients, TEE examination after the separation from CPB prompted reinitiation of CPB. In 1 patient, TEE examination after the induction of general anesthesia prompted cancellation of surgery.CONCLUSIONS: The routine use of TEE during cardiac surgery revealed new cardiac pathology in 1 of every 3 patients and led to altered surgical management in 1 of every 4 patients. TEE information also influenced decisions regarding use/nonuse of CPB in 3% of patients. Thus, the authors suggest that intraoperative TEE should be used routinely in all patients undergoing cardiac surgery.
|
['Cardiac Surgical Procedures', 'Decision Making', 'Echocardiography, Transesophageal', 'Heart Valve Diseases', 'Humans', 'Intraoperative Care', 'Mitral Valve', 'Prospective Studies', 'Tricuspid Valve']
| 18,068,055
|
[['E04.100.376', 'E04.928.220'], ['F02.463.785.373'], ['E01.370.350.130.750.235', 'E01.370.350.850.220.235', 'E01.370.370.380.220.235'], ['C14.280.484'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.760.731.400', 'E04.604.249', 'N02.421.585.722.400'], ['A07.541.510.507'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['A07.541.510.893']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Beware the rooster: smokeless tobacco companies who claim they want to help.
|
It should not be assumed that smokeless tobacco manufacturers share our public health goals
|
['Advertising', 'Goals', 'Humans', 'Public Health', 'Tobacco Industry', 'Tobacco, Smokeless']
| 14,660,754
|
[['J01.219.687.274', 'L01.143.050'], ['F01.658.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['H02.403.720', 'N01.400.550', 'N06.850'], ['J01.576.655.968'], ['J01.637.767.844.500']]
|
['Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
[The selenium content of food products and the blood of inhabitants of Norilsk].
|
The intake of trace element selenium by Norilsk citizens was assessed by its levels in the serum, food and soil. It was found that soil and food made in the Norilsk region are rich in selenium, its serum concentration in the population is normal (102 micrograms/l). References to such values for the Moscow and Zaporoje (Ukraine) regions are made. Low selenium levels in the serum may be indicative of pulmonary diseases.
|
['Female', 'Food Analysis', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Russia', 'Selenium', 'Soil']
| 1,462,516
|
[['E05.362', 'J01.576.423.850.100'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.252.122.500', 'Z01.542.248.775'], ['D01.268.185.850', 'D01.578.700'], ['D20.721', 'G01.311.820', 'G16.500.275.815', 'N06.230.600']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Role of CFTR expressed by neutrophils in modulating acute lung inflammation and injury in mice.
|
OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN: Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) regulates infection and inflammation. In this study, we investigated whether a lack of functional CFTR in neutrophils would promote lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced lung inflammation and injury.MATERIALS AND METHODS: CFTR-inhibited or F508del-CFTR-mutated neutrophils were stimulated with LPS and cultured to evaluate production of cytokines and NF-êB activation. Wild-type mice were reconstituted with F508del neutrophils or bone marrow and then intratracheally challenged with LPS to observe lung inflammatory response.RESULTS: Pharmacologic inhibition and genetic mutation of CFTR in neutrophils activated NF-êB and facilitated macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2) and tumor necrosis factor-á (TNF-á) production. Wild-type mice reconstituted with F508del neutrophils and bone marrow had more severe lung inflammation and injury after LPS challenge compared to wild-type mice receiving wild-type neutrophils or bone marrow reconstitution.CONCLUSIONS: Lack of functional CFTR in neutrophils can promote LPS-induced acute lung inflammation and injury.
|
['Animals', 'Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator', 'Lipopolysaccharides', 'Lung', 'Mice', 'Mice, Knockout', 'NF-kappa B', 'Neutrophils', 'Pneumonia']
| 21,301,926
|
[['B01.050'], ['E05.927.100.500'], ['A11.251'], ['D12.776.157.530.100.304.500', 'D12.776.157.530.400.175.125', 'D12.776.157.530.450.074.500.500.500.500', 'D12.776.543.550.450.175.125', 'D12.776.543.585.100.304.500', 'D12.776.543.585.400.175.125', 'D12.776.543.585.450.074.500.500.500.500'], ['D09.400.500', 'D09.698.718.450', 'D10.494', 'D23.050.161.616.525', 'D23.946.123.329.500'], ['A04.411'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.136.500.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.455', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800.500'], ['D05.500.672', 'D12.776.260.600', 'D12.776.660.600', 'D12.776.930.600'], ['A11.118.637.415.583', 'A11.627.340.583', 'A11.733.689', 'A15.145.229.637.415.583', 'A15.382.490.315.583', 'A15.382.680.689'], ['C01.748.610', 'C08.381.677', 'C08.730.610']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The effect of carbon source succession on laccase activity in the co-culture process of Ganoderma lucidum and a yeast.
|
In the present paper, the mechanism of overproduction of laccase by microbe interaction was investigated in the co-culture process of Ganoderma lucidum and Candida sp. HSD07A. The results show that nitrogen source, sulfur source, hydrolytic enzymes and inducers do not have the significant influence on laccase activity, and glucose deprivation in the medium is also not the crucial reason why G. lucidum overproduces laccase although it can improve laccase activity at a certain extent. Furthermore, glucose deprivation is made by strain HSD07A, and NMR and GC data reveal that the yeast can convert glucose into glycerol and ethanol. G. lucidum cannot assimilate ethanol; however, glycerol is an efficient carbon source for G. lucidum. In the co-culture process, the appearance of the second carbon source, glycerol produced by the yeast, is the crucial reason why G. lucidum overproduces laccase because glycerol can make G. lucidum cells secrete more laccase by prolonging the secretion time under the condition of glucose deprivation. Thus, it is the carbon source succession in the co-culture process that leads to the overproduction of G. lucidum laccase.
|
['Biotechnology', 'Candida', 'Carbon', 'Coculture Techniques', 'Culture Media', 'Fermentation', 'Glucose', 'Glycerol', 'Laccase', 'Reishi']
| 22,112,763
|
[['H01.158.550', 'J01.897.120'], ['B01.300.107.795.095', 'B01.300.381.147', 'B01.300.930.176'], ['D01.268.150'], ['E05.481.500.374'], ['D27.720.470.305', 'E07.206'], ['G02.111.158.249', 'G03.191.249'], ['D09.947.875.359.448'], ['D02.033.800.875.500', 'D09.853.875.500'], ['D08.811.682.494'], ['B01.300.179.120.760.338.700']]
|
['Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
RREB1-induced upregulation of the lncRNA AGAP2-AS1 regulates the proliferation and migration of pancreatic cancer partly through suppressing ANKRD1 and ANGPTL4.
|
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been reported to be involved in a variety of human diseases, including cancers. However, their mechanisms have not yet been fully elucidated. We investigated lncRNA changes that may be associated with pancreatic cancer (PC) by analyzing published microarray data, and identified AGAP2-AS1 as a relatively overexpressed lncRNA in PC tissues. qRT-PCR assays were performed to examine expression levels of AGAP2-AS1. MTT assays, colony formation assays, and EdU assays were used to determine the proliferative capacity of cells. Flow cytometry and TUNEL assays were used to study the regulation of AGAP2-AS1 in the cell cycle and apoptosis. Transwell experiments were used to study changes in cell invasion and metastasis, and a nude mouse model was established to assess the effects of AGAP2-AS1 on tumorigenesis in vivo. RNA sequencing was performed to probe AGAP2-AS1-related pathways. Subcellular fractionation and FISH assays were used to determine the distribution of AGAP2-AS1 in PC cells, and RIP and ChIP were used to determine the molecular mechanism of AGAP2-AS1-mediated regulation of potential target genes. Increased expression of AGAP2-AS1 was associated with tumor size and pathological stage progression in patients with PC. RREB1 was found to activate transcription of AGAP2-AS1 in PC cells. AGAP2-AS1 affected proliferation, apoptosis, cycle arrest, invasion, and metastasis of PC cells in vitro, and AGAP2-AS1 regulated PC proliferation in vivo. Furthermore, AGAP2-AS1 epigenetically inhibited the expression of ANKRD1 and ANGPTL4 by recruiting zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), thereby promoting PC proliferation and metastasis. In summary, our data show that RREB1-induced upregulation of AGAP2-AS1 regulates cell proliferation and migration in PC partly through suppressing ANKRD1 and ANGPTL4 by recruiting EZH2. AGAP2-AS1 represents a potential target for the diagnosis and treatment of PC in the future.
|
['Angiopoietin-like 4 Protein', 'Animals', 'Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Cell Movement', 'Cell Proliferation', 'DNA-Binding Proteins', 'Female', 'Heterografts', 'Humans', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred BALB C', 'Mice, Nude', 'Middle Aged', 'Muscle Proteins', 'Nuclear Proteins', 'Pancreatic Neoplasms', 'Prognosis', 'RNA, Long Noncoding', 'Repressor Proteins', 'Transcription Factors', 'Up-Regulation']
| 30,814,490
|
[['D12.644.276.100.050.500', 'D12.776.467.100.050.500', 'D23.529.100.050.500'], ['B01.050'], ['C04.557.470.200.025.232.750', 'C04.557.470.615.132.750', 'C04.588.274.761.750', 'C04.588.322.475.750', 'C06.301.761.750', 'C06.689.667.625', 'C19.344.421.750'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['G04.198', 'G07.568.500.180'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['D12.776.260'], ['A01.941.875'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.338', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.338'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D12.776.210.500'], ['D12.776.660'], ['C04.588.274.761', 'C04.588.322.475', 'C06.301.761', 'C06.689.667', 'C19.344.421'], ['E01.789'], ['D13.444.735.790.375'], ['D12.776.260.703', 'D12.776.930.780'], ['D12.776.930'], ['G02.111.905', 'G05.308.850', 'G07.690.773.998']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Identification of different molecular forms of human airway lysozyme.
|
Human airway lysozyme (HAL) was separated into fractions of distinct molecular forms using a Mono S cation-exchange column on a fast-protein liquid chromatography system. This new and rapid (30 min) purification procedure of human lysozyme enabled the preparation of fractions, highly enriched in different isoenzymes of HAL. Purified HAL from pathological purulent airway secretions, nonpurulent airway secretions, and normal tracheobronchial tissue culture medium was characterized by four, three, and only one enzymatically active molecular forms, respectively. All charge forms (separated or combined) recovered from either purulent or nonpurulent airway secretions or tracheobronchial culture medium exhibited the same apparent molecular weight of 15,000.
|
['Chromatography, Ion Exchange', 'Isoenzymes', 'Lung', 'Molecular Weight', 'Muramidase', 'Sputum', 'Trachea']
| 3,565,753
|
[['E05.196.181.400.383'], ['D08.811.348', 'D12.776.800.300'], ['A04.411'], ['G02.494'], ['D08.811.277.450.642'], ['A12.200.808'], ['A04.889']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
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