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Systemic absorption of gentamicin in the management of active mucosal chronic otitis media.
|
A prospective study was performed on patients with active mucosal chronic otitis media who were being treated with the gentamicin-containing preparation Gentisone HC. In 27 patients plasma gentamicin levels were measured. Detectable levels were found in 7/27 (26%). Pre- and post-treatment audiometry was performed on 16 patients. There was no statistically significant difference in the change of the mean bone conduction thresholds as a result of treatment, between the treatment and control ears (P = 0.07, Wilcoxon signed Ranks Test at 95% C.I.). We conclude that there is evidence of systemic absorption of gentamicin that would ultimately be absorbed into the perilymph. Gentamicin is known to be ototoxic affecting the vestibular system in lower doses and the cochlea in high doses, hence audiometric assessment is not an appropriate screen for ototoxicity when using topical gentamicin-containing drops. Alternative topical preparations should be further investigated.
|
['Absorption', 'Adult', 'Anti-Bacterial Agents', 'Chronic Disease', 'Female', 'Gentamicins', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Otitis Media', 'Perilymph', 'Prospective Studies']
| 10,542,926
|
[['G01.015', 'G02.010', 'G03.015', 'G03.787.024', 'G07.690.725.015'], ['M01.060.116'], ['D27.505.954.122.085'], ['C23.550.291.500'], ['D09.408.051.374'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C09.218.705.663'], ['A12.207.270.517.678'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
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REFERENCE UPDATE and REFERENCE MANAGER: personal computer programs for locating and managing references.
|
REFERENCE UPDATE (a trademark of Research Information Systems, Inc.) is a diskette-based service which provides subscribers with a weekly update on the latest publications in biology and medicine. REFERENCE MANAGER (a registered trademark of Research Information Systems, Inc.) is a microcomputer-based software package developed to manage selected references for quick retrieval and bibliography generation. These two systems allow scientists to build and update a personalized data base of references. The following article gives an overview of REFERENCE UPDATE and REFERENCE MANAGER and provides a description of the various functions each system offers.
|
['Bibliographies as Topic', 'Database Management Systems', 'Software']
| 2,698,652
|
[['L01.178.682.099', 'L01.453.183'], ['L01.224.068', 'L01.224.900.280', 'N04.452.515.110'], ['L01.224.900']]
|
['Information Science [L]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
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|
Long-term survival of a patient with multiple abdominal metastasis from endometrial carcinoma treated with multi-portal conformal re-irradiation and chemotherapy.
|
A patient with recurrent endometrial cancer with multiple abdominal and pelvic tumoral masses was treated with re-irradiation combined with liposomal doxorubicin and oxaliplatin. A multiple field conformal technique was used to deliver a highly accelerated and hypofractionated scheme (15 fractions of 3.5 Gy, within 19 days). Complete response was confirmed four months after therapy. Four years later a lung metastasis appeared and was again treated with a similar course of therapy, once again resulting in a complete response. It is suggested that in the era of modern image-guided radiotherapy patients with endometrial cancer who have relapsed within or outside the loco-regional area, should be carefully assessed for an eventual gross tumor eradication using high-dose localized radiotherapy, leaving as the only target of chemotherapy the microscopic undetectable disease.
|
['Abdominal Neoplasms', 'Combined Modality Therapy', 'Endometrial Neoplasms', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Middle Aged', 'Radiotherapy, Conformal', 'Survival Analysis', 'Time Factors', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed']
| 21,460,607
|
[['C04.588.033'], ['E02.186'], ['C04.588.945.418.948.585', 'C13.351.500.852.762.200', 'C13.351.937.418.875.200'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E02.815.635.700', 'L01.313.500.750.100.710.600.550'], ['E05.318.740.998', 'N05.715.360.750.795', 'N06.850.520.830.998'], ['G01.910.857'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
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[Histocompatibility antigens in multiple sclerosis in children].
|
A phenotyping was done in respect of HLA system in 14 children with documented multiple sclerosis (MS), 20 children with potential MS, and 42 their near relations. HLA-B12 antigen was recordable with high frequency (RR = 6.29; P < 0.025) while HLA-B18 with low one (P < 0.01) as compared to normal subjects both among patients in the general group and in those with proved MS. The latter showed a tendency toward increase in frequency HLA-B7. Children with significant MS where there was an association in the phenotype of HLA-B12 or HLA-B7 with HLA-A3 ran predominantly an aggravating course while their association with HLA-A2 resulted in a more benign course. The results obtained in respect of HLA antigens in MS in children differ from those of other authors on MS in adults.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Female', 'Genetic Predisposition to Disease', 'HLA Antigens', 'Histocompatibility Antigens Class I', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Multiple Sclerosis', 'Phenotype', 'Risk']
| 9,844,877
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['C23.550.291.687.500', 'G05.380.355'], ['D23.050.301.500.450', 'D23.050.705.552.450'], ['D12.776.395.550.489', 'D12.776.543.550.439', 'D23.050.301.500.100', 'D23.050.705.552.100'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C10.114.375.500', 'C10.314.350.500', 'C20.111.258.250.500'], ['G05.695'], ['E05.318.740.600.800', 'G17.680.750', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
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|
Hematologic and bone marrow changes in children with protein-energy malnutrition.
|
BACKGROUND: All systems in an organism are affected by protein-energy malnutrition (PEM), but one of the worst affected is the hematopoietic system. Today PEM remains a very serious problem in developing countries. We examined the relationships between clinical features, hematological, and bone marrow changes with severe PEM from Turkey.METHOD: We evaluated 34 (11 females and 23 males) consecutive cases of severe PEM, with no underlying diseases aged 3-20 months. The clinical nutritional conditions of the patients were determined using the Wellcome-Trust PEM classification. Ten of the patients were in the Marasmic-Kwashiorkor (M-K) group, 10 were in the Kwashiorkor (KW) group, and 14 were in the Marasmic (M) group. Full blood count, protein, albumin, serum iron (SI), iron-binding capacity (TIBC), ferritin, vitamin B12, folic acid, complement-3 (C3), complement-4 (C4), and bone marrow were investigated in all groups.RESULTS: Anemia was detected in 97% of patients. We determined serum iron levels were low in 67.6% of the patients, TS levels were low in 76.4% of the patients and ferritin levels were low in 20.5%. The level of vitamin B12 was normal in all patients. Bone marrow analysis showed erythroid series hypoplasia in 28.5% of patients in the M group, 50% in the KW group, and 30% in the M-K group. Marrow iron was absent in 58.8% of patients.CONCLUSION: The most common hematologic change in the children with PEM was anemia and major cause of anemia was iron deficiency in this study. Patients with severe PEM have normal Vit B12 and serum folate levels. Most of the patients with severe PEM had normal cellularity with megaloblastic and dysplastic changes in bone marrow due to the inadequate and imbalanced intake of protein and energy.
|
['Anemia', 'Blood Proteins', 'Bone Marrow', 'Child Nutrition Disorders', 'Child, Preschool', 'Female', 'Folic Acid', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Infant Nutrition Disorders', 'Iron', 'Male', 'Protein Deficiency', 'Turkey', 'Vitamin B 12']
| 23,987,917
|
[['C15.378.071'], ['D12.776.124'], ['A15.382.216'], ['C18.654.180'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['D03.633.100.733.631.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['C18.654.422'], ['D01.268.556.412', 'D01.268.956.287', 'D01.552.544.412'], ['C18.654.521.500.708'], ['Z01.252.245.500.850'], ['D03.383.129.578.840.437.777', 'D03.633.400.909.437.777', 'D04.345.783.437.777']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
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|
[Geographic patterns and ecological factors correlates of snake species richness in China].
|
Understanding large-scale geographic patterns of species richness as well its underlying mechanisms are among the most significant objectives of macroecology and biogeography. The ecological hypothesis is one of the most accepted explanations of this mechanism. Here, we studied the geographic patterns of snakes and investigated the relationships between species richness and ecological factors in China at a spatial resolution of 100 km?100 km. We obtained the eigenvector-based spatial filters by Principal Coordinates Neighbor Matrices, and then analyzed ecological factors by multiple regression analysis. The results indicated several things: (1) species richness of snakes showed multi-peak patterns along both the latitudinal and longitudinal gradient. The areas of highest richness of snake are tropics and subtropical areas of Oriental realm in China while the areas of lowest richness are Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the grasslands and deserts in northern China, Yangtze-Huai Plain, Two-lake Plain, and the Poyang-lake Plain; (2) results of multiple regression analysis explained a total of 56.5% variance in snake richness. Among ecological factors used to explore the species richness patterns, we found the best factors were the normalized difference vegetation index, precipitation in the coldest quarter and temperature annual range ; (3) our results indicated that the model based on the significant variables that (P<0.05) uses a combination of precipitation of coldest quarter, normalized difference vegetation index and temperature annual range is the most parsimonious model for explaining the mechanism of snake richness in China. This finding demonstrates that different ecological factors work together to affect the geographic distribution of snakes in China. Studying the mechanisms that underlie these geographic patterns are complex, so we must carefully consider the choice of impact-factors and the influence of human activities.
|
['Animals', 'Biodiversity', 'China', 'Ecosystem', 'Environment', 'Population Dynamics', 'Rain', 'Snakes', 'Temperature']
| 22,855,440
|
[['B01.050'], ['G16.500.275.157.049', 'N06.230.124.049'], ['Z01.252.474.164'], ['G16.500.275.157', 'N06.230.124'], ['G16.500.275', 'N06.230'], ['I01.240.600', 'N01.224.625', 'N06.850.505.400.700'], ['G16.500.175.859', 'G16.500.275.063.725.395', 'G16.500.750.775.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.450', 'N06.230.520'], ['B01.050.150.900.833.672'], ['G01.906.595', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710', 'G16.500.750.775.710', 'N06.230.150.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
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Ursolic acid derivative ameliorates streptozotocin-induced diabestic bone deleterious effects in mice.
|
OBJECTIVE: This study was performed to investigate bone deteriorations of diabetic mice in response to the treatment of ursolic acid derivative (UAD).METHODS: The biomarkers in serum and urine were measured, tibias were taken for the measurement on gene and protein expression and histomorphology analysis, and femurs were taken for the measurement on bone Ca and three-dimensional architecture of trabecular bone.RESULTS: UAD showed a greater increase in bone Ca, BMD and significantly increased FGF-23 and OCN, reduced PTH and CTX in diabetic mice. UAD reversed STZ-induced trabecular deleterious effects and stimulated bone remodeling. The treatment of STZ group with UAD significantly elevated the ratio of OPG/RANKL. Moreover, insulin and IGF-1 showed a negative correlation with both FBG and Hb1Ac in STZ group. We attributed down-regulating the level of Hb1Ac in diabetic mice to that ursolic acid derivative could primely control blood sugar levels. After analyzing of two adipocyte markers, PPARã and aP2, increased expression in the tibias of diabetic mice, and UAD could improve STZ-induced adipocyte dysfunction.CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrated that UAD could ameliorate STZ-induced bone deterioration through improving adipocyte dysfunction and enhancing new bone formation and inhibiting absorptive function of osteoclast in the bone of diabetic mice.
|
['Animals', 'Bone Density', 'Calcium', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental', 'Femur', 'Insulin', 'Insulin-Like Growth Factor I', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Osteoprotegerin', 'RANK Ligand', 'Tibia', 'Triterpenes']
| 26,097,549
|
[['B01.050'], ['G11.427.100'], ['D01.268.552.100', 'D01.552.539.288', 'D23.119.100'], ['C18.452.394.750.074', 'C19.246.240', 'E05.598.500.374'], ['A02.835.232.043.150'], ['D06.472.699.587.200.500.625', 'D12.644.548.586.200.500.625'], ['D12.644.276.937.400', 'D12.776.124.862.400', 'D12.776.467.937.400', 'D23.529.937.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.852.760.949.249'], ['D12.644.276.374.750.562', 'D12.776.467.374.750.562', 'D23.529.374.750.562'], ['A02.835.232.043.650.883'], ['D02.455.849.919']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
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[Atypical intradermal smooth-muscle neoplasm].
|
BACKGROUND: We report herein a case of atypical intradermal smooth-muscle neoplasm.PATIENT AND METHODS: A 58-year-old man presented with a painless pinkish-white chest nodule ongoing for two years. Histopathology revealed a proliferation of intradermal smooth-muscle cells. Some atypia and 5 mitoses were seen in the most mitotic fields. The histopathologist suggested a diagnosis of "atypical intradermal smooth-muscle neoplasm".DISCUSSION: Atypical intradermal smooth-muscle neoplasm is part of a spectrum extending from skin leiomyoma to leiomyosarcoma. The prognosis consists chiefly in risk of local recurrence. The terminology is not currently accepted by WHO but nevertheless offers an alternative to inappropriate diagnosis of sarcoma, which carries psychological and social impact.
|
['Biopsy', 'Diagnosis, Differential', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Prognosis', 'Skin Neoplasms', 'Smooth Muscle Tumor', 'Thorax', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 28,242,098
|
[['E01.370.225.500.384.100', 'E01.370.225.998.054', 'E01.370.388.100', 'E04.074', 'E05.200.500.384.100', 'E05.200.998.054', 'E05.242.384.100'], ['E01.171'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.789'], ['C04.588.805', 'C17.800.882'], ['C04.557.450.590.800'], ['A01.923.761'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
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|
17â-Estradiol enhances sulforaphane cardioprotection against oxidative stress.
|
The lower incidence of ischemic heart disease in female with respect to male gender suggests the possibility that female sex hormones could have specific effects in cardiovascular protection. 17â-Estradiol is the predominant premenopausal circulating form of estrogen and has a protective role on the cardiovascular system. Recent evidences suggest that gender can influence the response to cardiovascular medications; therefore, we hypothesized that sex hormones could also modulate the cardioprotective effects of nutraceutical compounds, such as the isothiocyanate sulforaphane, present in Brassica vegetables. This study was designed to explore the protective effects of sulforaphane in the presence of 17â-estradiol against H2O2-induced oxidative stress in primary cultures of rat cardiomyocytes. Interestingly, 17â-estradiol enhanced sulforaphane protective activity against H2O2-induced cell death with respect to sulforaphane or 17â-estradiol alone as measured by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide and lactate dehydrogenase assays. Moreover, 17â-estradiol boosted sulforaphane ability to counteract oxidative stress, reducing intracellular reactive oxygen species and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine levels and increasing the expression of phase II enzymes. Using specific antagonists of estrogen receptor á and â, we observed that these effects are not mediated by estrogen receptors. Otherwise, ERK1/2 and Akt signaling pathways seem to be involved, as the presence of specific inhibitors of these kinases reduced the protective effect of sulforaphane in the presence of 17â-estradiol. Sulforaphane and 17â-estradiol co-treatment counteracted cell morphology alterations induced by H2O2 as evidenced by transmission electron microscopy. Our results demonstrated, for the first time, that estrogens could enhance sulforaphane protective effects, suggesting that nutraceutical efficacy might be modulated by sex hormones.
|
['Animals', 'Antioxidants', 'Cardiotonic Agents', 'Drug Synergism', 'Enzymes', 'Estradiol', 'Estrogen Receptor alpha', 'Estrogen Receptor beta', 'Hydrogen Peroxide', 'Isothiocyanates', 'Microscopy, Electron, Transmission', 'Myocytes, Cardiac', 'Oxidative Stress', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Reactive Oxygen Species']
| 28,110,122
|
[['B01.050'], ['D27.505.519.217', 'D27.505.696.706.125', 'D27.720.799.047'], ['D27.505.954.411.222', 'D27.720.799.080'], ['G07.690.773.968.477'], ['D08.811'], ['D04.210.500.365.415.248', 'D06.472.334.851.437.500'], ['D12.776.826.750.350.174'], ['D12.776.826.750.350.262'], ['D01.248.497.158.685.750.424', 'D01.339.431.374.424', 'D01.650.550.750.400', 'D02.389.338.253'], ['D02.500.375', 'D02.886.250'], ['E01.370.350.515.402.580', 'E05.595.402.580'], ['A07.541.704.570', 'A10.690.552.750.570', 'A11.620.500'], ['G03.673', 'G07.775.750'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.755', 'D12.776.476.565', 'D12.776.624.664.700.168'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['D01.339.431', 'D01.650.775']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
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|
It's only in your head: expectancy of aversive auditory stimulation modulates stimulus-induced auditory cortical alpha desynchronization.
|
Increasing evidence underlines the functional importance of non-phase-locked cortical oscillatory rhythms. Among the different oscillations, alpha (8-12 Hz) has been shown to be modulated by anticipation or attention, suggesting a top-down influence. However, most studies to date have been conducted in the visual modality and the extent to which this notion also applies to the auditory cortex is unclear. It is furthermore often difficult to dissociate bottom-up from top-down contributions in cases of different stimuli (e.g., standards vs. deviants) or stimuli that are preceded by different cues. This study addresses these issues by investigating neuronal responses associated with intrinsically fluctuating perceptions of an invariant sound. Sixteen participants performed a pseudo-frequency-discrimination task in which a "high-pitch" tone was followed by an aversive noise, while the "low-pitch" tone was followed by silence. The participants had to decide which tone was presented even though the stimulus was actually kept constant while pseudo-randomized feedback was given. EEG data show that auditory cortical alpha power decreased by 20% in "high-pitch" trials relative to trials in which a "low pitch" was perceived. This study shows that expectancy of aversive feedback modulates perception of sounds and these fluctuating perceptions become manifest in modulations of sound-related alpha desynchronizations. Our findings extend recent evidence in the visual and somatosensory domain that alpha oscillations represent the excitatory/inhibitory balance of sensory cortical cell assemblies, which can be tuned in a top-down manner.
|
['Acoustic Stimulation', 'Adult', 'Auditory Cortex', 'Auditory Perception', 'Cortical Synchronization', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Young Adult']
| 22,209,810
|
[['E02.037', 'E02.190.888.030', 'E05.723.136'], ['M01.060.116'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.814.249', 'A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.863.297'], ['F02.463.593.071', 'G07.888.125'], ['E01.370.376.300.437.500', 'E01.370.405.245.575.500', 'G07.265.256.249'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
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Regulation of the Sko1 transcriptional repressor by the Hog1 MAP kinase in response to osmotic stress.
|
Exposure of yeast to increases in extracellular osmolarity activates the Hog1 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), which is essential for the induction of gene expression required for cell survival upon osmotic stress. Several genes are regulated in response to osmotic stress by Sko1, a transcriptional repressor of the ATF/CREB family. We show by in vivo coprecipitation and phosphorylation studies that Sko1 and Hog1 interact and that Sko1 is phosphorylated upon osmotic stress in a Hog1-dependent manner. Hog1 phosphorylates Sko1 in vitro at multiple sites within the N-terminal region. Phosphorylation of Sko1 disrupts the Sko1-Ssn6-Tup1 repressor complex, and consistently, a mutant allele of Sko1, unphosphorylatable by Hog1, exhibits less derepression than the wild type. Interestingly, Sko1 repressor activity is further enhanced in strains with high protein kinase A (PKA) activity. PKA phosphorylates Sko1 near the bZIP domain and mutation of these sites eliminates modulation of Sko1 responses to high PKA activity. Thus, Sko1 transcriptional repression is controlled directly by the Hog1 MAPK in response to stress, and this effect is further modulated by an independent signaling mechanism through the PKA pathway.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Basic-Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors', 'Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases', 'DNA-Binding Proteins', 'Fungal Proteins', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal', 'Genes, Reporter', 'Immunoblotting', 'Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Mutation', 'Nuclear Proteins', 'Osmotic Pressure', 'Phosphorylation', 'Precipitin Tests', 'Protein Binding', 'Protein Structure, Tertiary', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Recombinant Fusion Proteins', 'Repressor Proteins', 'Response Elements', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins', 'Yeasts']
| 11,230,135
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['D12.776.260.108', 'D12.776.930.127'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.150.125', 'D12.644.360.200.125', 'D12.776.476.200.125'], ['D12.776.260'], ['D12.776.354'], ['G05.308.330'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.435'], ['E05.478.566.320', 'E05.601.470.320'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.567', 'D12.644.360.450', 'D12.776.476.450'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G05.365.590'], ['D12.776.660'], ['G01.374.715.578', 'G02.640.249', 'G02.723.661'], ['G02.111.665', 'G02.607.780', 'G03.796'], ['E01.370.225.812.735.645', 'E05.196.150.639.500', 'E05.200.812.735.645', 'E05.478.594.760.645', 'E05.478.605.492'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808'], ['G02.111.570.820.709.610'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['D12.776.828.300'], ['D12.776.260.703', 'D12.776.930.780'], ['G02.111.570.080.689.330.700', 'G02.111.570.080.689.675.700', 'G05.360.080.689.330.700', 'G05.360.080.689.675.700', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.750.249.765', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.750.680.765'], ['D12.776.354.750'], ['B01.300.930']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The effect of non-antihypertensive doses of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor on myocardial necrosis and hypertrophy in young rats with renovascular hypertension.
|
In renovascular hypertensive rats, low doses of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors have been found to prevent myocardial hypertrophy independent of blood pressure level. This finding would suggest humoral rather than mechanical control of myocyte growth. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of nonantihypertensive doses of ACE inhibitor on myocardial hypertrophy and necrosis in hypertensive rats. Renovascular hypertension (RHT) was induced in four-week-old Wistar rats. Twenty-eight animals were treated for four weeks with three doses of ramipril (0.01, 0.1 or 1. 0 mg/kg/day, which are unable to lower blood pressure. Fourteen animals were not treated (RHT group). A sham operated, age/sex-matched group was used as control (n = 10). Myocardial histology was analysed in 3 microm thick sections of the ventricle stained with either haematoxylin-eosin, reticulin silver stain or Masson's trichrome. There was a significant correlation between systolic blood pressure and left ventricular to body weight ratio in both sets of animals: untreated plus controls and ramipril-treated rats. ACE inhibition prevented myocyte and perivascular necrosis and fibrosis in a dose-dependent manner. We conclude that myocardial hypertrophy in rats with renovascular hypertension is directly related to arterial pressure, and that this relationship is not affected by nonantihypertensive doses of ACE inhibitor. Myocardial necrosis/fibrosis and coronary artery damage induced by angiotensin II are prevented by ACE inhibitor in a dose-dependent manner, despite the presence of arterial hypertension.
|
['Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors', 'Animals', 'Blood Pressure', 'Cardiomegaly', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Hypertension, Renovascular', 'Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular', 'Male', 'Necrosis', 'Organ Size', 'Ramipril', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar']
| 10,469,264
|
[['D27.505.519.389.745.085'], ['B01.050'], ['E01.370.600.875.249', 'G09.330.380.076'], ['C14.280.195', 'C23.300.775.250'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['C12.777.419.331.490', 'C13.351.968.419.331.490', 'C14.907.489.631.485'], ['C14.280.195.400', 'C23.300.775.250.400'], ['C23.550.717'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.660', 'E05.041.124.715', 'G07.100.100.660', 'G07.345.249.690'], ['D03.633.100.893'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The control of ichthyophthiriasis by a medicated food containing quinine: efficacy tests and ultrastructure investigations.
|
The present report demonstrates that a medicated food containing quinine kills the skin-inhabiting trophozoite stage of Ichthyophthirius multifiliis in ornamental fish. Artificially infected swordtails. (Xiphophorus helleri), black mollies (Poecilia sphenops), and black neons (Hyphessobrycon herbertaxelrodi) were used in the trials. The fish were maintained in groups of 10 or 20 inside aquaria (20 or 60 l) at 25 degrees C. Ultrastructure investigations by means of transmission electron microscopy revealed clear deleterious effects of quinine on the trophozoite stages. Following the initial application the outer limiting membrane of the trophozoite was broken at places. Within the nephridial plasma the plasma bridges were broken in part. After 2 days of treatment the lumen of the alveolar sac became enlarged. The food vacuoles in treated trophozoites were more electron-dense than those in the untreated controls. Numerous lipid droplets were found close to the vacuoles. The degree of damage in the nephridial plasma was intensified. When feeding was prolonged for 3 or more days, all kinds of damage became more extensive as seen in the trophozoites after 1 or 2 days of treatment. In addition food vacuoles in the final stages of digestion were no longer detectable. In long-term feeding tests, when typical ornamental fish species were fed three times daily ad libitum with the medicated food over a 12-week period, the animals showed no adverse clinical symptom. From the toxicological as well as the ecological and economical point of view the feeding of flakes containing quinine has considerable advantages as compared with conventional bath treatment.
|
['Administration, Oral', 'Animals', 'Antiprotozoal Agents', 'Ciliophora Infections', 'Fish Diseases', 'Fishes', 'Hymenostomatida', 'Microscopy, Electron', 'Quinine']
| 8,897,504
|
[['E02.319.267.100'], ['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.122.250.100'], ['C01.610.752.200'], ['C22.362'], ['B01.050.150.900.493'], ['B01.043.185.650.375'], ['E01.370.350.515.402', 'E05.595.402'], ['D03.132.206.719', 'D03.605.687.762', 'D03.633.100.810.762']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
A web-based normative data tool for assessing cognitive performance in healthy older Australians.
|
A decline in cognition greater than expected with ageing and accompanied by subjective cognitive concerns or functional changes may be indicative of a dementing disorder. The capacity to correctly identify cognitive decline relies on comparisons with normative data from a suitably matched healthy reference group with relatively homogeneous demographic features. Formal assessment of cognition is usually performed by specialist neuropsychologists trained in administration and interpretation of psychometric tests. With a scarcity of normative data from large cohorts of older adults, Australian neuropsychologists commonly use representative data from small international studies. Data from 727 healthy older Australians participating in the Australian Imaging, Biomarkers and Lifestyle (AIBL) Flagship Study of Ageing have been used to create a normative dataset. A web-based calculator was developed to simplify the time-consuming process of comparing cognitive performance scores with these representative data.
|
['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Australia', 'Cognition Disorders', 'Databases, Factual', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Internet', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neuropsychological Tests']
| 21,401,481
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['Z01.639.100', 'Z01.678.100.373'], ['F03.615.250'], ['L01.313.500.750.300.188.400', 'L01.470.750.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.224.230.110.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['F04.711.513']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
|
Cefoperazone-sulbactam for treatment of intra-abdominal infections: results from a randomized, parallel group study in India.
|
BACKGROUND: Combinations of a third-generation cephalosporin and metronidazole, with or without an aminoglycoside, often are used for the treatment of intra-abdominal infections in surgical settings. Simpler regimens that preserve an adequate spectrum of coverage, but allow easier administration and have fewer side effects, may be a more desirable option.METHODS: This randomized, open-label, active comparator study evaluated the effectiveness (non-inferiority hypothesis) of the beta-lactam/beta-lactamase inhibitor combination cefoperazone-sulbactam (2-8 g/day), compared with ceftazidime (2-6 g/day)-amikacin (15 mg/kg/day)-metronidazole (500 mg three times daily) in 154 and 152 subjects, respectively, having intra-abdominal infections. The study was conducted at 17 centers in India.RESULTS: Non-inferiority of cefoperazone-sulbactam (91.9%) compared with ceftazidime-amikacin-metronidazole (81.8%) was demonstrated for continued resolution of clinical signs and symptoms at the 30-day follow-up (primary endpoint) with a treatment difference of 10.1% (95% confidence interval 2.1%, 18.1%; pre-defined non-inferiority limit > -12.5%). Superiority of cefoperazone-sulbactam also was demonstrated for this endpoint, with significantly more subjects achieving continued resolution at the 30-day follow-up than in the comparator group (p = 0.015). On microbiologic outcomes, cefoperazone-sulbactam had higher success rates than ceftazidime-amikacin-metronidazole (92.9% vs. 80.0%). The pathogens (202 isolated) isolated most commonly were Escherichia coli (38.6%) and Klebsiella spp. (12.9%). The incidence of treatment-related adverse events was 6.5% and 16.4% in the cefoperazone-sulbactam and ceftazidime-amikacin-metronidazole groups, respectively, with more discontinuations due to treatment-related adverse events in the comparator arm (3.2% vs. 9.9%).CONCLUSION: Empirical cefoperazone-sulbactam monotherapy could be a useful adjunct to surgical intervention for intra-abdominal infections.
|
['Abdominal Abscess', 'Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Amikacin', 'Anti-Bacterial Agents', 'Cefoperazone', 'Ceftazidime', 'Child', 'Drug Therapy, Combination', 'Female', 'Gram-Negative Bacteria', 'Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections', 'Humans', 'India', 'Male', 'Metronidazole', 'Middle Aged', 'Peritonitis', 'Sulbactam', 'Treatment Failure', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 18,570,578
|
[['C01.830.025.020'], ['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D09.408.051.476.060'], ['D27.505.954.122.085'], ['D02.065.589.099.249.150.160', 'D02.886.665.074.150.160', 'D03.633.100.300.249.150.160'], ['D02.065.589.099.249.210.150', 'D02.886.665.074.210.150', 'D03.633.100.300.249.210.150'], ['M01.060.406'], ['E02.319.310'], ['B03.440'], ['C01.150.252.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.252.245.393'], ['D02.640.672.500', 'D03.383.129.308.658.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C01.463.600', 'C06.844.640'], ['D02.065.589.099.750.812', 'D02.886.108.750.812', 'D03.633.100.300.750.812'], ['E01.789.800.760', 'N04.761.559.590.800.760', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800.760'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Mutations in the TAR hairpin affect the equilibrium between alternative conformations of the HIV-1 leader RNA.
|
The HIV-1 untranslated leader RNA can adopt two mutually exclusive conformations that represent alternative secondary structures. This leader RNA can fold either an extended duplex through long-distance base pairing or a branched conformation in which the RNA locally folds into hairpin structures. Both leader RNA conformations have the TAR hairpin in common, which forms the extreme 5' end of all HIV-1 transcripts. We report that truncation of the TAR hairpin shifts the equilibrium between the two RNA conformations away from the thermodynamically favored long-distance interaction. However, the equilibrium is partially restored in response to the cations Na(+) and Mg(2+). The transcripts with mutant TAR structures allowed us to investigate conditions affecting the competition between the alternative conformations of the HIV-1 leader RNA. We also demonstrate that the change in conformation of the leader RNA due to TAR truncations severely affects formation of the HIV-1 RNA dimer.
|
['Base Pairing', 'Base Sequence', 'Dimerization', 'HIV Long Terminal Repeat', 'HIV-1', 'Magnesium', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Mutation', 'Nucleic Acid Conformation', 'Nucleic Acid Denaturation', 'RNA Stability', 'RNA, Messenger', 'RNA, Viral', 'Sodium', 'Temperature', 'Thermodynamics']
| 11,410,668
|
[['G02.111.570.820.486.100', 'G02.111.611.500', 'G05.360.580.100'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['G02.206', 'G03.230'], ['G02.111.570.080.708.850.400', 'G05.360.080.708.850.400'], ['B04.820.650.589.650.350.400'], ['D01.268.552.437', 'D01.268.557.500', 'D01.552.547.500'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G05.365.590'], ['G02.111.570.820.486', 'G05.360.580'], ['E05.393.640', 'G02.111.603', 'G05.627'], ['G02.111.780'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['D13.444.735.828'], ['D01.268.549.750', 'D01.268.557.650', 'D01.552.528.850', 'D01.552.547.725'], ['G01.906.595', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710', 'G16.500.750.775.710', 'N06.230.150.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710'], ['G01.906']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
A model of pulsatile flow in a uniform deformable vessel.
|
Simulations of blood flow in natural and artificial conduits usually require large computers for numerical solution of the Navier-Stokes equations. Often, physical insight into the fluid dynamics is lost when the solution is purely numerical. An alternative to solving the most general form of the Navier-Stokes equations is described here, wherein a functional form of the solution is assumed in order to simplify the required computations. The assumed forms for the axial pressure gradient and velocity profile are chosen such that conservation of mass is satisfied for fully established pulsatile flow in a straight, deformable vessel. The resulting equations are cast in finite-difference form and solved explicitly. Results for the limiting cases of rigid wall and zero applied pressure are found to be in good agreement with analytical solutions. Comparison with the experimental results of Klanchar et al. [Circ. Res. 66, 1624-1635 (1990]) also shows good agreement. Application of the model to realistic physiological parameter values provides insight as to the influence of the pulsatile nature of the flow field on wall shear development in the presence of a moving wall boundary. Specifically, the model illustrates the dependence of flow rate and shear rate on the amplitude of the vessel wall motion and the phase difference between the applied pressure difference and the oscillations of the vessel radius. The present model can serve as a useful tool for experimentalists interested in quantifying the magnitude and character of velocity profiles and shearing forces in natural and artificial biologic conduits.
|
['Animals', 'Blood Circulation', 'Blood Flow Velocity', 'Blood Pressure', 'Blood Vessels', 'Carotid Arteries', 'Dogs', 'Models, Cardiovascular', 'Movement', 'Regional Blood Flow', 'Rheology', 'Stress, Mechanical']
| 1,733,987
|
[['B01.050'], ['G09.330.100'], ['E01.370.370.130', 'G09.330.380.630.080'], ['E01.370.600.875.249', 'G09.330.380.076'], ['A07.015'], ['A07.015.114.186'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.250.216.200'], ['E05.599.395.161'], ['G07.568', 'G11.427.410'], ['G09.330.100.780'], ['E05.830', 'H01.671.808'], ['G01.374.835']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Longitudinal evaluation of liver stiffness in three pediatric patients with veno-occlusive disease.
|
Liver stiffness measurement by transient elastography is a non-invasive ultrasound-based technique used mainly for the evaluation of liver fibrosis in patients with chronic liver diseases. Some authors have suggested that it could be useful in the assessment of hepatic complications during hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT), especially veno-occlusive disease (VOD) or sinusoidal obstructive syndrome (SOS). Here, we present the evaluation of liver stiffness in three patients who developed severe hepatic VOD/SOS after HSCT. Liver stiffness measurement values were normal before transplant and afterward until the diagnosis of VOD/SOS when a dramatic increase was observed. After the VOD/SOS specific treatment, the values of stiffness showed a similar pattern of progressive reduction in all the three patients, with normalization after two weeks. In this report, we discuss the role of LSM in the management of patients after the diagnosis of VOD/SOS.
|
['Adolescent', 'Child', 'Elasticity Imaging Techniques', 'Female', 'Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation', 'Hepatic Veno-Occlusive Disease', 'Humans', 'Liver']
| 31,081,161
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.406'], ['E01.370.350.850.270'], ['E02.095.147.500.500.500', 'E04.936.225.687.500'], ['C06.552.360', 'C14.907.460'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A03.620']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Medullary sponge kidney and urolithiasis.
|
A review of the urographic findings in 200 patients with renal colic due to urolithiasis demonstrated radiological evidence of medullary sponge kidney in 34, an incidence of 17%. In the majority, the diagnosis was readily made and the changes were bilateral and extensive. This relatively high incidence suggests that medullary sponge kidney may be a contributing factor in a population already predisposed to calculus formation because of other factors such as diet and dehydration.
|
['Colic', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Kidney Calculi', 'Kidney Diseases', 'Male', 'Medullary Sponge Kidney', 'Radiography']
| 7,083,742
|
[['C16.614.166'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C12.777.419.600.500', 'C12.777.967.249.500', 'C12.777.967.500.503', 'C13.351.968.419.600.500', 'C13.351.968.967.249.500', 'C13.351.968.967.500.503', 'C23.300.175.850.550'], ['C12.777.419', 'C13.351.968.419'], ['C12.777.419.403.500', 'C13.351.968.419.403.500'], ['E01.370.350.700']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Plasma beta-amyloid (A beta) 40 concentration, lipid status and age in humans.
|
The circulation constitutes a potential source of the beta-amyloid (A beta) protein deposited cerebrally in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Cardiovascular risk factors, including hyperlipidaemia, may be involved in the pathogenesis of AD. Plasma A beta 40 was measured by radioimmunoassay in normal and hyperlipidaemic subjects with the aim of determining if plasma lipid content and/or age correlated with circulating A beta 40 concentration. Plasma A beta 40 levels in hyperlipidaemics were elevated by 20.3% compared to normal subjects. A beta 40 did not correlate with plasma lipids in normal subjects. Age, however, correlated positively with A beta 40 in these individuals and with total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and triglycerides. No correlations were observed in hyperlipidaemic patients or when the data for the two groups were combined. These data are consistent with ageing, the primary risk factor for AD, but not hyperlipidaemia influencing circulating A beta 40 levels.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aging', 'Amyloid beta-Peptides', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hyperlipidemias', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Peptide Fragments', 'Radioimmunoassay', 'Statistics as Topic']
| 15,308,295
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['G07.345.124'], ['D12.644.024', 'D12.776.049.407.249.500', 'D12.776.543.039.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C18.452.584.500.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D12.644.541'], ['E01.370.384.700', 'E05.478.566.639', 'E05.601.470.639'], ['E05.318.740', 'H01.548.832', 'N05.715.360.750', 'N06.850.520.830']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Orbital infection as a complication of sinusitis: are diagnostic and treatment trends changing?
|
Orbital infection has long been the most common complication of sinusitis. In light of our increased knowledge of sinusitis, improved diagnostic tools, and new pharmacologic and surgical treatments, we investigated whether trends in diagnosis and treatment are changing. We reviewed the charts of all 43 patients who had been referred to our institution with orbital complications of sinusitis between Jan. 1, 1985, and Dec. 31, 1999. Nine of the 43 patients had been diagnosed between Jan. 1, 1985, and Dec. 31, 1990 (mean: 1.5 patients/yr) and 34 had been diagnosed between Jan. 1, 1991, and Dec. 31, 1999 (mean: 3.8 patients/yr). Of the 43 patients, 27 had cellulitis and 16 had an abscess (one of the 16 had two abscesses--one subperiosteal and one supraorbital). All 17 abscesses were treated surgically. Five of the 7 abscesses operated on from 1985 through 1990 were treated via an open external approach, whereas 7 of the 10 abscesses that were operated on later were treated via an endoscopic approach. We conclude that orbital complications of sinonasal origin are being recognized more frequently than they were in the past and that endoscopy has supplanted the open external approach as the preferred method of drainage.
|
['Abscess', 'Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Bacterial Infections', 'Cellulitis', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Cohort Studies', 'Endoscopy', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Forecasting', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Male', 'Orbital Diseases', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Risk Assessment', 'Severity of Illness Index', 'Sinusitis', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 12,472,030
|
[['C01.830.025', 'C23.550.470.756.100'], ['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['C01.150.252'], ['C01.800.130', 'C01.830.200', 'C17.300.185', 'C23.550.470.756.200'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['E01.370.388.250', 'E04.502.250'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['I01.320'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['C11.675'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.715', 'N04.452.871.715', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.690', 'N06.850.505.715', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.715'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475.456.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.364.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.364.500'], ['C01.748.749', 'C08.460.692.752', 'C08.730.749', 'C09.603.692.752'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
The structure of the perivascular compartment in the old canine brain: a case study.
|
Dilatation of periarteriolar spaces in MRI of the ageing human brains occurs in white matter (WM), basal ganglia and midbrain but not in cerebral cortex. Perivenous collagenous occurs in periventricular but not in subcortical WM.Here we test the hypotheses that (a) the capacity for dilatation of periarteriolar spaces correlates with the anatomical distribution of leptomeningeal cells coating intracerebral arteries and (b) the regional development of perivenous collagenous in the WM correlates with the population of intramural cells in the walls of veins.The anatomical distribution of leptomeningeal and intramural cells related to cerebral blood vessels is best documented by electron microscopy, requiring perfusion-fixed tissue not available in human material. We therefore analysed perfusion-fixed brain from a 12-year-old Beagle dog as the canine brain represents the anatomical arrangement in the human brain. Results showed regional variation in the arrangement of leptomeningeal cells around blood vessels. Arterioles are enveloped by one complete layer of leptomeninges often with a second incomplete layer in the WM. Venules showed incomplete layers of leptomeningeal cells. Intramural cell expression was higher in the post-capillary venules of the subcortical WM when compared with periventricular WM, suggesting that periventricular collagenosis around venules may be due to a lower resistance in the venular walls. It appears that the regional variation in the capacity for dilatation of arteriolar perivascular spaces in the white WM may be related to the number of perivascular leptomeningeal cells surrounding vessels in different areas of the brain.
|
['Aging', 'Animals', 'Arterioles', 'Brain', 'Dogs', 'White Matter']
| 28,982,724
|
[['G07.345.124'], ['B01.050'], ['A07.015.114.060', 'A07.015.461.080'], ['A08.186.211'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.250.216.200'], ['A08.186.211.204', 'A08.186.854.880']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Laboratory tests for identification or exclusion of heparin induced thrombocytopenia: HIT or miss?
|
Heparin induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is a potentially fatal condition that arises subsequent to formation of antibodies against complexes containing heparin, usually platelet-factor 4-heparin ("anti-PF4-heparin"). Assessment for HIT involves both clinical evaluation and, if indicated, laboratory testing for confirmation or exclusion, typically using an initial immunological assay ("screening"), and only if positive, a secondary functional assay for confirmation. Many different immunological and functional assays have been developed. The most common contemporary immunological assays comprise enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA], chemiluminescence, lateral flow, and particle gel techniques. The most common functional assays measure platelet aggregation or platelet activation events (e.g., serotonin release assay; heparin-induced platelet activation (HIPA); flow cytometry). All assays have some sensitivity and specificity to HIT antibodies, but differ in terms of relative sensitivity and specificity for pathological HIT, as well as false negative and false positive error rate. This brief article overviews the different available laboratory methods, as well as providing a suggested approach to diagnosis or exclusion of HIT.
|
['Antibodies', 'Clinical Laboratory Techniques', 'Diagnostic Errors', 'Heparin', 'Humans', 'Platelet Activation', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Thrombocytopenia']
| 29,164,662
|
[['D12.776.124.486.485.114', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114'], ['E01.370.225', 'E05.200'], ['E01.354', 'N02.421.450.280'], ['D09.698.373.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G09.188.390.600'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['C15.378.140.855']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Production of small nano-sized particles by complex formation between polycations and linearized plasmid DNA at a low pH.
|
We report on the technical advance of linearized pDNA (pDNA(linear)) above the circular one (pDNA(circ)) for preparation of small-sized DNA/polycation complexes (DPC) at a low pH. Also, the resistance of the DPC formed with pDNA(linear) against poly-L-asparagine indicates that effective ion-pairing occurred between the pDNA(linear) and polycations.
|
['DNA', 'DNA, Circular', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Nanostructures', 'Peptides', 'Plasmids', 'Polyamines', 'Polyelectrolytes']
| 23,684,164
|
[['D13.444.308'], ['D13.444.308.283', 'G02.111.570.820.486.212', 'G05.360.580.156'], ['G02.300'], ['J01.637.512'], ['D12.644'], ['G05.360.600'], ['D02.092.782'], ['D01.248.700', 'D05.750.230']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
LINGO-1 antagonist promotes functional recovery and axonal sprouting after spinal cord injury.
|
LINGO-1 is a CNS-specific protein and a functional component of the NgR1/p75/LINGO-1 and NgR1/TAJ(TROY)/LINGO-1 signaling complexes that mediate inhibition of axonal outgrowth. These receptor complexes mediate the axonal growth inhibitory effects of Nogo, myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) and oligodendrocyte-myelin glycoprotein (OMgp) via RhoA activation. Soluble LINGO-1 (LINGO-1-Fc), which acts as an antagonist of these pathways by blocking LINGO-1 binding to NgR1, was administered to rats after dorsal or lateral hemisection of the spinal cord. LINGO-1-Fc treatment significantly improved functional recovery, promoted axonal sprouting and decreased RhoA activation and increased oligodendrocyte and neuronal survival after either rubrospinal or corticospinal tract transection. These experiments demonstrate an important role for LINGO-1 in modulating axonal outgrowth in vivo and that treatment with LINGO-1-Fc can significantly enhance recovery after spinal cord injury.
|
['Analysis of Variance', 'Animals', 'Apoptosis', 'Axons', 'Caspase 3', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Forelimb', 'Humans', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'In Situ Nick-End Labeling', 'MAP Kinase Kinase 4', 'Membrane Proteins', 'Nerve Regeneration', 'Nerve Tissue Proteins', 'Organogenesis', 'Protein Binding', 'RNA-Binding Proteins', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Recombinant Fusion Proteins', 'Recovery of Function', 'Spinal Cord Injuries', 'Time Factors', 'Tubulin', 'rhoA GTP-Binding Protein']
| 17,011,208
|
[['E05.318.740.150', 'N05.715.360.750.125', 'N06.850.520.830.150'], ['B01.050'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['A08.675.542.145', 'A11.284.180.075', 'A11.671.137', 'A11.671.501.145'], ['D08.811.277.656.262.500.126.350.300', 'D08.811.277.656.300.200.126.350.300', 'D12.644.360.075.405.350.300', 'D12.776.476.075.405.350.300'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['A13.395'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['E05.393.475'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.565.400', 'D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.200.400', 'D12.644.360.440.400', 'D12.776.476.440.400'], ['D12.776.543'], ['G11.561.585', 'G16.762.611'], ['D12.776.631'], ['G07.345.500.325.377', 'G08.686.784.170.450'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808'], ['D12.776.157.725', 'D12.776.664.962'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['D12.776.828.300'], ['G16.757'], ['C10.228.854.763', 'C10.900.850', 'C26.819'], ['G01.910.857'], ['D05.750.078.734.800', 'D12.776.220.600.800', 'D12.776.631.920'], ['D08.811.277.040.330.300.400.700.200', 'D12.644.360.525.700.200', 'D12.776.157.325.515.700.200', 'D12.776.476.525.700.200']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Frequency, timing, and course of depressive symptomatology after whiplash.
|
STUDY DESIGN: Population-based incidence cohort.OBJECTIVE: To report the incidence, timing, and course of depressive symptoms after whiplash.SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Evidence is conflicting about the frequency, time of onset, and course of depressive symptoms after whiplash.METHODS: Adults making an insurance claim or seeking health care for traffic-related whiplash were followed by telephone interview at 6 weeks, and 3, 6, 9, and 12 months post-injury. Depressive symptoms were assessed at baseline and at each follow-up.RESULTS: Of the 5,211 subjects reporting no pre-injury mental health problems, 42.3% (95% confidence interval, 40.9-43.6) developed depressive symptoms within 6 weeks of the injury, with subsequent onset in 17.8% (95% confidence interval, 16.5-19.2). Depressive symptoms were recurrent or persistent in 37.6% of those with early post-injury onset. Pre-injury mental health problems increased the risk of later onset depressive symptoms and of a recurrent or persistent course of early onset depressive symptoms.CONCLUSIONS: Depressive symptomatology after whiplash is common, occurs early after the injury, and is often persistent or recurrent. This suggests that, like neck pain and headache, depressed symptomatology is part of the cluster of acute whiplash symptoms. Clinicians should be aware of both physical and psychologic injuries after traffic collisions.
|
['Accidents, Traffic', 'Adult', 'Canada', 'Chronic Disease', 'Cohort Studies', 'Depression', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Insurance, Accident', 'Male', 'Mental Disorders', 'Middle Aged', 'Recurrence', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Time Factors', 'Whiplash Injuries']
| 16,845,342
|
[['N06.850.135.392'], ['M01.060.116'], ['Z01.107.567.176'], ['C23.550.291.500'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['F01.145.126.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N03.219.521.576.343.409'], ['F03'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C23.550.291.937'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['G01.910.857'], ['C26.700.500']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Exploring the experiences of nurses studying professional doctorates.
|
Recently there has been a rapid increase in the number of professional doctorates being undertaken in the UK. Nursing doctorates in particular are relatively new to the UK and therefore little is known about nurses' experiences of them, especially from a qualitative perspective. The aim of this study was to explore the experiences of nurses studying professional doctorates in health care, and in particular to determine what factors influence nurses in undertaking the programme, and to identity any challenges they encounter. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and a purposeful sample of five was selected from a total of 24. Data were analysed using a grounded theory method. The desire to enhance professional and personal identity was the core influential factor, while challenges included the balance between family, social, work and academic responsibilities. Nurses created a system through the use of a range of coping mechanisms to overcome these challenges. Findings from this study could be informative for prospective students, academic staff and practitioners involved with doctorate students. This study could also be used as a preliminary analysis to form the basis for theoretical sampling in a larger scale study.
|
['Adaptation, Psychological', 'Data Collection', 'Education, Nursing, Graduate', 'Humans', 'Leadership', "Nurse's Role", 'Nursing Education Research', 'Nursing Methodology Research', 'Students, Nursing', 'United Kingdom']
| 23,905,230
|
[['F01.058'], ['E05.318.308', 'L01.399.250', 'N05.715.360.300', 'N06.850.520.308'], ['I02.358.337.450', 'I02.358.462.565'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.752.609'], ['F01.829.316.616.625.450', 'N05.300.100.337'], ['H01.770.644.145.390.413', 'H02.478.395.413', 'I02.358.462.612', 'N04.590.233.508.613.413'], ['H01.770.644.145.390.634', 'H02.478.395.634', 'N04.590.233.508.613.634'], ['M01.848.769.685'], ['Z01.542.363']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
â-catenin directly sequesters adipocytic and insulin sensitizing activities but not osteoblastic activity of PPARã2 in marrow mesenchymal stem cells.
|
Lineage allocation of the marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to osteoblasts and adipocytes is dependent on both Wnt signaling and PPARã2 activity. Activation of PPARã2, an essential regulator of energy metabolism and insulin sensitivity, stimulates adipocyte and suppresses osteoblast differentiation and bone formation, and correlates with decreased bone mass and increased fracture rate. In contrast, activation of Wnt signaling promotes osteoblast differentiation, augments bone accrual and reduces total body fat. This study examined the cross-talk between PPARã2 and â-catenin, a key mediator of canonical Wnt signaling, on MSC lineage determination. Rosiglitazone-activated PPARã2 induced rapid proteolytic degradation of â-catenin, which was prevented by either inhibiting glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3â) activity, or blocking pro-adipocytic activity of PPARã2 using selective antagonist GW9662 or mutation within PPARã2 protein. Stabilization of â-catenin suppressed PPARã2 pro-adipocytic but not anti-osteoblastic activity. Moreover, â-catenin stabilization decreased PPARã2-mediated insulin signaling as measured by insulin receptor and FoxO1 gene expression, and protein levels of phosphorylated Akt (pAkt). Cellular knockdown of â-catenin with siRNA increased expression of adipocyte but did not affect osteoblast gene markers. Interestingly, the expression of Wnt10b was suppressed by anti-osteoblastic, but not by pro-adipocytic activity of PPARã2. Moreover, â-catenin stabilization in the presence of activated PPARã2 did not restore Wnt10b expression indicating a dominant role of PPARã2 in negative regulation of pro-osteoblastic activity of Wnt signaling. In conclusion, â-catenin and PPARã2 are in cross-talk which results in sequestration of pro-adipocytic and insulin sensitizing activity. The anti-osteoblastic activity of PPARã2 is independent of this interaction.
|
['Adipocytes', 'Anilides', 'Animals', 'Bone Marrow Cells', 'Cell Differentiation', 'Cell Line', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Gene Silencing', 'Insulin', 'Lithium Chloride', 'Mesenchymal Stem Cells', 'Mice', 'Mutation', 'Osteoblasts', 'PPAR gamma', 'Protein Stability', 'Proteolysis', 'RNA Interference', 'Rosiglitazone', 'Signal Transduction', 'Thiazolidinediones', 'beta Catenin']
| 23,272,157
|
[['A11.329.114'], ['D02.065.199', 'D02.092.146.113'], ['B01.050'], ['A11.148', 'A15.378.316'], ['G04.152'], ['A11.251.210'], ['G05.308'], ['G05.308.203.374'], ['D06.472.699.587.200.500.625', 'D12.644.548.586.200.500.625'], ['D01.210.450.150.450', 'D01.510.500'], ['A11.329.830.500', 'A11.872.590.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['G05.365.590'], ['A11.329.629'], ['D12.776.826.239.588'], ['G02.111.700'], ['G02.111.720', 'G03.812'], ['G05.308.203.374.790'], ['D02.886.675.933.500', 'D03.383.129.708.933.500'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['D02.886.675.933', 'D03.383.129.708.933'], ['D12.776.091.249', 'D12.776.220.145.500', 'D12.776.930.130']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Status of SARS-CoV-2 in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with COVID-19 and stroke.
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BACKGROUND: Emergence of the novel corona virus (severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV-2) in December 2019 has led to the COVID-19 pandemic. The extent of COVID-19 involvement in the central nervous system is not well established, and the presence or the absence of SARS-CoV-2 particles in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a topic of debate.CASE DESCRIPTION: We present two patients with COVID-19 and concurrent neurological symptoms. Our first patient is a 31-year-old man who had flu-like symptoms due to COVID-19 and later developed an acute-onset severe headache and loss of consciousness and was diagnosed with a Hunt and Hess grade 3 subarachnoid haemorrhage from a ruptured aneurysm. Our second patient is a 62-year-old woman who had an ischaemic stroke with massive haemorrhagic conversion requiring a decompressive hemicraniectomy. Both patients' CSF was repeatedly negative on real-time PCR analysis despite concurrent neurological disease.CONCLUSION: Our report shows that patients' CSF may be devoid of viral particles even when they test positive for COVID-19 on a nasal swab. Whether SARS-CoV-2 is present in CSF may depend on the systemic disease severity and the degree of the virus' nervous tissue tropism and should be examined in future studies.
|
['Adult', 'Betacoronavirus', 'COVID-19', 'Coronavirus Infections', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Pandemics', 'Pneumonia, Viral', 'SARS-CoV-2', 'Stroke']
| 32,354,770
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['B04.820.578.500.540.150.113'], ['C01.748.214', 'C01.748.610.763.500', 'C01.925.705.500', 'C01.925.782.600.550.200.163', 'C08.381.677.807.500', 'C08.730.214', 'C08.730.610.763.500'], ['C01.925.782.600.550.200'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['N06.850.290.200.600'], ['C01.748.610.763', 'C01.925.705', 'C08.381.677.807', 'C08.730.610.763'], ['B04.820.578.500.540.150.113.968'], ['C10.228.140.300.775', 'C14.907.253.855']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Assessing fitness to detain in police custody.
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This article outlines the role of the custody nurse in assessing an individual's fitness to be detained. It addresses all aspects of the assessment, including consent, responsibilities and the structure of the clinical examination. It explores ways to ensure that the detainee's rights and welfare are maintained and their healthcare needs are met. It offers guidance on preparing a care plan for detained individuals that the police can implement.
|
['Humans', 'Nursing Staff', 'Police', 'Prisoners', 'Risk Assessment', 'United Kingdom']
| 26,554,997
|
[['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.526.485.680', 'N02.360.680'], ['M01.526.373.750', 'M01.526.760'], ['M01.729'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.715', 'N04.452.871.715', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.690', 'N06.850.505.715', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.715'], ['Z01.542.363']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
The first community-based sexually transmitted disease/HIV intervention trial for female sex workers in China.
|
OBJECTIVES: This study was the first community-based intervention to test feasibility and effectiveness of an intervention targeting sex workers in China.DESIGN: Prospective, community-based, pre/post-intervention trial.METHOD: Thirty establishments in Chengjiang, 34 in Ruili and 23 in Longchuan were selected for the study. The study participants were female sex workers. Out-reach workers visited the establishments to conduct intervention activities over 6 weeks. The activities included lectures, discussion, video and audio cassettes, and distribution of educational folders and condoms. Pre- and post-intervention cross-sectional surveys assessed changes in sexually transmitted disease (STD)/AIDS knowledge and condom use.RESULTS: After the intervention, knowledge of the three HIV transmission routes increased from 25 to 88% (P < 0.01), knowledge that condoms can reduce the risk of STD/HIV infection increased from 56 to 94% (P < 0.01). Condom use at last sex and in the last three sexual encounters increased from 61 to 85% (P < 0.01) and from 41 to 70%, respectively. Multivariate analyses indicated that the intervention was an independent factor (P < 0.01) for these changes.CONCLUSION: The intervention programme was effective at increasing HIV/AIDS knowledge and condom use rates among sex workers in the community and should be expanded.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Audiovisual Aids', 'Cartoons as Topic', 'China', 'Condoms', 'Feasibility Studies', 'Female', 'HIV Infections', 'Health Education', 'Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice', 'Humans', 'Middle Aged', 'Pamphlets', 'Program Evaluation', 'Risk-Taking', 'Sex Work', 'Sexually Transmitted Diseases', 'Socioeconomic Factors', 'Urban Population']
| 18,172,397
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['J01.897.280.500', 'L01.178.820.090'], ['K01.093.206.332'], ['Z01.252.474.164'], ['E07.190.270.150'], ['E05.318.372.550', 'E05.337.675', 'N05.715.360.330.550', 'N06.850.520.450.550'], ['C01.221.250.875', 'C01.221.812.640.400', 'C01.778.640.400', 'C01.925.782.815.616.400', 'C01.925.813.400', 'C20.673.480'], ['I02.233.332', 'N02.421.726.407'], ['F01.100.150.500', 'N05.300.150.410'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['L01.178.682.707'], ['E05.337.820', 'N04.761.685', 'N05.715.360.650'], ['F01.145.722'], ['F01.145.802.790', 'I01.880.735.679'], ['C01.221.812', 'C01.778', 'C12.294.668', 'C13.351.500.711', 'C23.550.291.531.937'], ['I01.880.853.996', 'N01.824'], ['N01.600.900']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Changes in the number of active sweat glands (palmar sweat index, PSI) during a distressing film.
|
Changes of the number of active palmar sweat glands (palmar sweat index, PSI) as assessed by the plastic finger-print method were studied in two groups of female students (n = 21 each). In both samples experiments involved an initial adaptation period, several relaxation phases and an activation period (presentation of a movie). The film was shown 10 min earlier in Group 1, for which in turn follow-up was twice as long. Prints for determination of PSI were taken every 2.5 min from the forefinger and ring finger of the left hand, and recordings of SCL, SF (number of spontaneous fluctuations) and HR were made during the corresponding intervals. Both within- and between-groups comparisons showed an increase of PSI during the activation period and a decrease afterwards. Similar effects were observed for SCL, SF and affective and somatic arousal assessed by a state questionnaire. A decrease of PSI and parameters of electrodermal activity during the first measurements indicated an initial reaction to the assessment procedure itself. Both within-subject and between-subjects correlations between PSI from both fingers showed high parallel test reliabilities, while correlations with electrodermal variables indicated a common physiological basis.
|
['Adult', 'Arousal', 'Fear', 'Female', 'Galvanic Skin Response', 'Heart Rate', 'Humans', 'Motion Pictures', 'Sweat Glands', 'Sweating']
| 8,003,589
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['F02.830.104', 'G11.561.035'], ['F01.470.361'], ['E05.796.332', 'F02.830.702.315', 'F04.669.332', 'G07.265.563', 'G13.750.415'], ['E01.370.600.875.500', 'G09.330.380.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['J01.897.280.500.598', 'K01.093.545', 'L01.178.590.500', 'L01.178.820.090.598'], ['A10.336.899', 'A17.815.830'], ['G07.110.232.693', 'G07.410.421.693', 'G13.750.860', 'G16.012.500.535.693']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Artificial Organelles: Reactions inside Protein-Polymer Supramolecular Assemblies.
|
Reactions inside confined compartments at the nanoscale represent an essential step in the development of complex multifunctional systems to serve as molecular factories. In this respect, the biomimetic approach of combining biomolecules (proteins, enzymes, mimics) with synthetic membranes is an elegant way to create functional nanoreactors, or even simple artificial organelles, that function inside cells after uptake. Functionality is provided by the specificity of the biomolecule(s), whilst the synthetic compartment provides mechanical stability and robustness. The availability of a large variety of biomolecules and synthetic membranes allows the properties and functionality of these reaction spaces to be tailored and adjusted for building complex self-organized systems as the basis for molecular factories.
|
['Nanotechnology', 'Organelles', 'Permeability', 'Polymers', 'Proteins']
| 27,363,371
|
[['H01.603', 'J01.897.520.600'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875'], ['G02.723'], ['D05.750', 'D25.720', 'J01.637.051.720'], ['D12.776']]
|
['Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
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Circadian Activity Rhythms and Sleep in Nurses Working Fixed 8-hr Shifts.
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Shift work is associated with adverse health outcomes. The aim of this study was to explore the effects of shift work on circadian activity rhythms (CARs) and objective and subjective sleep quality in nurses. Female day-shift (n = 16), evening-shift (n = 6), and night-shift (n = 13) nurses wore a wrist actigraph to monitor the activity. We used cosinor analysis and time-frequency analysis to study CARs. Night-shift nurses exhibited the lowest values of circadian rhythm amplitude, acrophase, autocorrelation, and mean of the circadian relative power (CRP), whereas evening-shift workers exhibited the greatest standard deviation of the CRP among the three shift groups. That is, night-shift nurses had less robust CARs and evening-shift nurses had greater variations in CARs compared with nurses who worked other shifts. Our results highlight the importance of assessing CARs to prevent the adverse effects of shift work on nurses' health.
|
['Actigraphy', 'Adult', 'Circadian Rhythm', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Nurses', 'Sleep', 'Work Schedule Tolerance']
| 25,332,463
|
[['E01.370.520.049', 'E05.003.500'], ['M01.060.116'], ['G07.180.562.190'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.526.485.650', 'N02.360.650'], ['F02.830.855', 'G11.561.803'], ['I03.946.225.375', 'N04.452.677.650.375']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, Cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors and paracetamol use in Queensland and in the whole of Australia.
|
BACKGROUND: Cross national drug utilization studies can provide information about different influences on physician prescribing. This is important for medicines with issues around safety and quality of use, like non selective non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (ns-NSAIDs) and cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors. To enable comparison of prescription medicine use across different jurisdictions with a range of population sizes, data first need to be compared within Australia to understand whether use in a smaller sub-population may be considered as representative of the total use within Australia. The aim of this study was to compare the utilization of non selective NSAID, COX-2 inhibitors and paracetamol between Queensland and Australia.METHOD: Dispensing data were obtained for concession beneficiaries for Australia for ns-NSAIDs, COX-2 inhibitors and paracetamol subsidized by the PBS over the period 1997-2003. The same data were purchased for Queensland. Data were converted to Defined Daily Dose (DDD)/1000 beneficiaries/day (World Health Organization anatomical therapeutic chemical classification, 2005).RESULTS: Total NSAID and paracetamol consumption were similar in Australia and Queensland. Ns-NSAID use decreased sharply with the introduction of COX-2 inhibitors (from approximately 80 to 40 DDD/1000 beneficiaries/day). Paracetamol was constant (approximately 45 DDD/1000 beneficiaries/day). COX-2 inhibitors consumption was initially higher in Queensland than in the whole of Australia.CONCLUSION: Despite initial divergence in celecoxib use between Queensland and Australia, the use of ns-NSAIDs, COX-2 inhibitors and paracetamol overall, in concession beneficiaries, was comparable in Australia and Queensland.
|
['Acetaminophen', 'Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal', 'Australia', 'Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors', 'Drug Utilization', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Musculoskeletal Diseases', "Practice Patterns, Physicians'", 'Queensland']
| 18,816,393
|
[['D02.065.199.092.040', 'D02.092.146.113.092.040'], ['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D27.505.696.663.850.014.040.500', 'D27.505.954.158.030', 'D27.505.954.329.030'], ['Z01.639.100', 'Z01.678.100.373'], ['D27.505.519.389.310.500', 'D27.505.696.663.850.014.040.500.500.500', 'D27.505.954.158.030.500.500', 'D27.505.954.329.030.500.500'], ['N04.452.706.477'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C05'], ['N04.590.374.577', 'N05.300.625'], ['Z01.639.100.937', 'Z01.678.100.373.937']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
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Fasting-induced FGF21 signaling activates hepatic autophagy and lipid degradation via JMJD3 histone demethylase.
|
Autophagy is essential for cellular survival and energy homeostasis under nutrient deprivation. Despite the emerging importance of nuclear events in autophagy regulation, epigenetic control of autophagy gene transcription remains unclear. Here, we report fasting-induced Fibroblast Growth Factor-21 (FGF21) signaling activates hepatic autophagy and lipid degradation via Jumonji-D3 (JMJD3/KDM6B) histone demethylase. Upon FGF21 signaling, JMJD3 epigenetically upregulates global autophagy-network genes, including Tfeb, Atg7, Atgl, and Fgf21, through demethylation of histone H3K27-me3, resulting in autophagy-mediated lipid degradation. Mechanistically, phosphorylation of JMJD3 at Thr-1044 by FGF21 signal-activated PKA increases its nuclear localization and interaction with the nuclear receptor PPARá to transcriptionally activate autophagy. Administration of FGF21 in obese mice improves defective autophagy and hepatosteatosis in a JMJD3-dependent manner. Remarkably, in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease patients, hepatic expression of JMJD3, ATG7, LC3, and ULK1 is substantially decreased. These findings demonstrate that FGF21-JMJD3 signaling epigenetically links nutrient deprivation with hepatic autophagy and lipid degradation in mammals.
|
['Animals', 'Autophagy', 'Epigenesis, Genetic', 'Fasting', 'Fatty Liver', 'Fibroblast Growth Factors', 'Hepatocytes', 'Humans', 'Jumonji Domain-Containing Histone Demethylases', 'Lipolysis', 'Liver', 'Male', 'Membrane Proteins', 'Mice', 'Mice, Knockout', 'Mice, Obese', 'PPAR alpha', 'Phosphorylation', 'Protein Binding', 'Signal Transduction', 'Up-Regulation']
| 32,042,044
|
[['B01.050'], ['G04.011'], ['G05.308.203'], ['F01.145.407.400', 'G07.203.650.240.587', 'G07.203.650.353.400'], ['C06.552.241'], ['D12.644.276.624', 'D12.776.467.624', 'D23.529.624'], ['A11.436.348'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D08.811.682.662.582.475.500', 'D08.811.682.690.416.388'], ['G02.111.534', 'G03.458.500'], ['A03.620'], ['D12.776.543'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.136.500.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.455', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.530'], ['D12.776.826.239.500'], ['G02.111.665', 'G02.607.780', 'G03.796'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['G02.111.905', 'G05.308.850', 'G07.690.773.998']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The cost of immunosuppressive therapies currently used in patients with thyroid eye disease.
|
Thyroid eye disease (TED) is an inflammatory condition of the orbit occurring in patients with autoimmune disease. In patients with mild TED, the most important therapeutic measure is reassurance. In severe cases, immunosuppressive therapy is the mainstay of treatment and around 10 immunosuppressive regimens have been suggested and used in such patients so far. The efficacy of these regimens varies according to the number of studies that have addressed these issues. "Response" to the treatment is also variably defined. However, to the best of our knowledge, no study has reported on the cost of immunosuppressive therapy in such patients. The aim of this study was mainly to provide information concerning the cost of different immunosuppressive regimens that patients with active thyroid ophthalmopathy undergo in different European countries. We have shown that the cheapest treatment is oral glucocorticoids (GC) and the most expensive is iv immunoglobulins. Cyclosporine is the second cheapest treatment. Radiotherapy plus oral GC have a cost between 850-3200 Euro; while SS analogues (SS-a) are expensive with a cost between 5000-10000 Euro. However, it is worth noting that the patients studied so far in this group were only few and most of them selected on a basis of a positive octreoscan, the cost of which has to be considered when choosing this type of treatment. Germany is by far the most expensive country as regards the costs of the main remedies, whereas Greece is the cheapest. Denmark is the most expensive country concerning radiotherapy, while Germany is the cheapest.
|
['Drug Costs', 'Europe', 'Graves Disease', 'Humans', 'Immunosuppressive Agents', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 15,762,038
|
[['N03.219.151.400.350', 'N05.300.375.300'], ['Z01.542'], ['C11.675.349.500', 'C19.874.283.605', 'C19.874.397.370', 'C20.111.555'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D27.505.696.477.656'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Phase-contrast MRI volume flow--a comparison of breath held and navigator based acquisitions.
|
BACKGROUND: Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) 2D phase-contrast flow measurement has been regarded as the gold standard in blood flow measurements and can be performed with free breathing or breath held techniques. We hypothesized that the accuracy of flow measurements obtained with segmented phase-contrast during breath holding, and in particular higher number of k-space segments, would be non-inferior compared to navigator phase-contrast. Volumes obtained from anatomic segmentation of cine MRI and Doppler echocardiography were used for additional reference.METHODS: Forty patients, five women and 35 men, mean age 65 years (range 53-80), were randomly selected and consented to the study. All underwent EKG-gated cardiac MRI including breath hold cine, navigator based free-breathing phase-contrast MRI and breath hold phase-contrast MRI using k-space segmentation factors 3 and 5, as well as transthoracic echocardiography within 2 days.RESULTS: In navigator based free-breathing phase-contrast flow, mean stroke volume and cardiac output were 79.7 ± 17.1 ml and 5071 ± 1192 ml/min, respectively. The duration of the acquisition was 50 ± 6 s. With k-space segmentation factor 3, the corresponding values were 77.7 ml ± 17.5 ml and 4979 ± 1211 ml/min (p = 0.15 vs navigator). The duration of the breath hold was 17 ± 2 s. K-space segmentation factor 5 gave mean stroke volume 77.9 ± 16.4 ml, cardiac output 5142 ± 1197 ml/min (p = 0.33 vs navigator), and breath hold time 11 ± 1 s. Anatomical segmentation of cine gave mean stroke volume and cardiac output 91.2 ± 20.8 ml and 5963 ± 1452 ml/min, respectively. Echocardiography was reliable in 20 of the 40 patients. The mean diameter of the left ventricular outflow tract was 20.7 ± 1.5 mm, stroke volume 78.3 ml ± 15.2 ml and cardiac output 5164 ± 1249 ml/min.CONCLUSIONS: In forty consecutive patients with coronary heart disease, breath holding and segmented k-space sampling techniques for phase-contrast flow produced stroke volumes and cardiac outputs similar to those obtained with free-breathing navigator based phase-contrast MRI, using less time. The values obtained agreed fairly well with Doppler echocardiography while there was a larger difference when compared with anatomical volume determinations using SSFP (steady state free precession) cine MRI.
|
['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Cardiac-Gated Imaging Techniques', 'Contrast Media', 'Coronary Disease', 'Echocardiography', 'Electrocardiography', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cine', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Respiratory-Gated Imaging Techniques']
| 27,021,353
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['E01.370.350.130.500'], ['D27.505.259.500', 'D27.720.259'], ['C14.280.647.250', 'C14.907.585.250'], ['E01.370.350.130.750', 'E01.370.350.850.220', 'E01.370.370.380.220'], ['E01.370.370.380.240', 'E01.370.405.240'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.825.500.510'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.370.350.730', 'E01.370.386.730']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Dorsal laminectomy in the adult mouse: a model for nervous system research.
|
Animal strains with specific genetic mutations can serve as powerful tools to study normal and pathologic cellular and molecular processes. The mammalian species with the largest number of known genetic mutations is the mouse. In spinal cord research, mice have not been used as extensively as other species because of the difficulty in accessing and manipulating their spinal cord. We describe the technique of exposing and manipulating the spinal cord of normal mice and of mice with the severe combined immunodeficiency (scid) mutation. Surgical outcome and complications are discussed. We conclude that dorsal laminectomy with subsequent access and manipulation of the spinal cord and its roots can be accomplished consistently with practice.
|
['Animals', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Laminectomy', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, SCID', 'Spinal Cord', 'Spinal Cord Injuries']
| 8,699,828
|
[['B01.050'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['E02.718.563', 'E04.188.400', 'E04.525.450', 'E04.555.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.780'], ['A08.186.854'], ['C10.228.854.763', 'C10.900.850', 'C26.819']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
A critical function for transforming growth factor-beta, interleukin 23 and proinflammatory cytokines in driving and modulating human T(H)-17 responses.
|
Interleukin 17 (IL-17)-producing T helper 17 cells (T(H)-17 cells) have been described as a T helper cell subset distinct from T helper type 1 (T(H)1) and T(H)2 cells, with specific functions in antimicrobial defense and autoimmunity. The factors driving human T(H)-17 differentiation remain controversial. Using a systematic approach combining experimental and computational methods, we show here that transforming growth factor-beta, interleukin 23 (IL-23) and proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1beta and IL-6) were all essential for human T(H)-17 differentiation. However, individual T(H)-17 cell-derived cytokines, such as IL-17, IL-21, IL-22 and IL-6, as well as the global T(H)-17 cytokine profile, were differentially modulated by T(H)-17-promoting cytokines. Transforming growth factor-beta was critical, and its absence induced a shift from a T(H)-17 profile to a T(H)1-like profile. Our results shed new light on the regulation of human T(H)-17 differentiation and provide a framework for the global analysis of T helper responses.
|
['Cell Differentiation', 'Cytokines', 'Humans', 'Interleukin-17', 'Interleukin-23', 'T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer', 'Transforming Growth Factor beta']
| 18,454,150
|
[['G04.152'], ['D12.644.276.374', 'D12.776.467.374', 'D23.529.374'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.517', 'D12.776.467.374.465.517', 'D23.529.374.465.517'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.759', 'D12.776.467.374.465.759', 'D23.529.374.465.550'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.550.500.400', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.200.400', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.500.400', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.550.500.400', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.200.400', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.500.400', 'A15.382.490.555.567.550.500.400', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.200.400', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.500.400'], ['D12.644.276.374.687', 'D12.644.276.954.775', 'D12.776.467.374.687', 'D12.776.467.942.775', 'D23.529.374.687', 'D23.529.942.775']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The descending branch of the lateral circumflex femoral artery as an alternative conduit for coronary artery bypass grafting: Experience from an anatomical, radiological and histological study.
|
The descending branch of the lateral circumflex femoral artery (DBLCFA) has been suggested as an option for use in coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Our aim was to combine radiological examination, surgical and anatomical preparation, and histological assessment of the DBLCFA to map its variability and to assess the benefits of this conduit in cardiac surgery. The pelvic and femoral arteries were examined by CT angiography (CTA) in 100 patients (aged 68.3 ± 9.3 years) to assess the variability of the DBLCFA. Anatomical dissections were performed on 20 cadavers. In 15 patients, an autologous DBLCFA was implanted during CABG. In 35 samples, possible atherosclerotic lesions were examined histologically. The length of the potential DBLCFA conduits measured by CTA was 9.3 ± 2.9 cm, without correlating with the length of the thigh. Anatomical variations that would prevent the DBLCFA from being used in CABG were found in 27 out of 100 patients. Except for focal thickening of the intima, eccentric hypertrophy of the intima was found in three out of 35 samples. No inflammatory infiltration, foam cells, atheroma, or calcifications were found histologically. The DBLCFA is not to be used routinely or in preference to other grafts of choice. However, owing to its moderate variability, sufficient length, caliber, and rare atherosclerosis, it can be used in the absence of other suitable grafts as an alternative conduit implanted as a composite Y-graft end-to-side to the internal thoracic artery in patients without diabetic angiopathy, neuropathy or peripheral artery disease who are undergoing extensive or repeat coronary revascularization. Clin. Anat. 29:779-788, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
|
['Aged', 'Computed Tomography Angiography', 'Coronary Artery Bypass', 'Female', 'Femoral Artery', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Reference Values']
| 27,213,916
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['E01.370.350.350.810.335', 'E01.370.350.567.250', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810.335', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810.335', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810.568', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810.499'], ['E04.100.376.719.332', 'E04.100.814.868.750', 'E04.928.220.520.220'], ['A07.015.114.351'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.978.810']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells downregulate inflammatory responses by shifting the Treg/Th17 profile in experimental colitis.
|
BACKGROUND/AIMS: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect and mechanisms of human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) on immune responses in murine colitis.METHODS: Mice with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis were injected intraperitoneally with hUC-MSCs or human bone marrow-derived MSCs. The cytokine levels from lamina propria mononuclear cells (LPMCs) and colon tissue were measured using ELISA. Treg and Th17 cells were analyzed using flow cytometry. The proliferation of LPMCs was assessed using Cell Counting Kit-8.RESULTS: hUC-MSCs ameliorate DSS-induced colitis via the downregulation of colon inflammatory responses. Furthermore, hUC-MSCs adjusted modulation of Treg/Th17 cells in the spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes. hUC-MSCs also inhibited LPMCs in vitro.CONCLUSION: hUC-MSCs may be an alternative source of stem cells and are worthy of study in long-term clinical trials.
|
['Animals', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Colitis', 'Cytokines', 'Dextran Sulfate', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Down-Regulation', 'Female', 'Flow Cytometry', 'Humans', 'Inflammation', 'Lymph Nodes', 'Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation', 'Mesenchymal Stem Cells', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Mucous Membrane', 'Spleen', 'T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory', 'Th17 Cells', 'Umbilical Cord']
| 24,280,970
|
[['B01.050'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['C06.405.205.265', 'C06.405.469.158.188'], ['D12.644.276.374', 'D12.776.467.374', 'D23.529.374'], ['D09.698.365.272.300'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['G02.111.240', 'G05.308.200', 'G07.690.773.937'], ['E01.370.225.500.363.342', 'E01.370.225.500.386.350', 'E05.196.712.516.600.240.350', 'E05.200.500.363.342', 'E05.200.500.386.350', 'E05.242.363.342', 'E05.242.386.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C23.550.470'], ['A10.549.400', 'A15.382.520.604.412'], ['E02.095.147.500.500.625', 'E04.936.225.687.625'], ['A11.329.830.500', 'A11.872.590.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['A10.615.550'], ['A10.549.700', 'A15.382.520.604.700'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.550.500.700', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.200.700', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.500.700', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.550.500.700', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.200.700', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.500.700', 'A15.382.490.555.567.550.500.700', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.200.700', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.500.700'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.550.500.400.915', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.200.400.915', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.500.400.915', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.550.500.400.770', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.200.400.770', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.500.400.770', 'A15.382.490.555.567.550.500.400.915', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.200.400.915', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.500.400.915'], ['A16.378.693']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Follow-up and counselling after pelvic inflammatory disease: CNGOF and SPILF Pelvic Inflammatory Diseases Guidelines].
|
OBJECTIVES: To determine the procedures for follow-up and counselling of patients after pelvic inflammatory disease (PID).METHODS: A search in the Cochrane database, PubMed, and Google was performed using keywords related to follow-up and PID to identify reports published between 1990 and 2018. All studies published in French and English relevant to the areas of focus were included. A level of evidence (LE) based on the quality of the data available was applied for each area of focus and used for the guidelines.RESULTS: The rate of recurrent PID is 15 to 21%. They are related to a recurrent sexually transmitted infection (STI) in 20 to 34% of cases. Recurrence PID increase the risk of infertility and chronic pelvic pain (LE2). Follow-up is recommended after PID (grade C). The rate of patients lost to follow-up is around 40%. Follow-up is improved by personalized text message reminders (grade B). Vaginal sampling for detection of N. gonorrhoeae, C. trachomatis, (and M. genitalium) by nucleic acid amplification techniques is recommended 3 to 6 months after treatment of PID associated with STI to rule out possible reinfections (grade C). The use of condoms after PID associated with STI is recommended to reduce the risk of recurrences (grade C). The systematic use of contraceptive pills after PID is not recommended to prevent subsequent infertility and chronic pelvic pain. Vaginal sampling for microbiological diagnosis is recommended before the insertion of an intrauterine device (grade B). The risk of ectopic pregnancy is high in these women and must be kept in mind.CONCLUSION: Patient counselling and microbiological testing after PID decrease the risk of STI and thus the recurrence of PID.
|
['Chlamydia trachomatis', 'Condoms', 'Contraception', 'Counseling', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Infertility, Female', 'Mycoplasma genitalium', 'Neisseria gonorrhoeae', 'Pelvic Inflammatory Disease', 'Pelvic Pain', 'Recurrence', 'Risk Factors', 'Sexually Transmitted Diseases', 'Vagina']
| 30,878,686
|
[['B03.440.190.190.190.750'], ['E07.190.270.150'], ['E02.875.194'], ['F02.784.176', 'F04.408.413', 'N02.421.143.303', 'N02.421.461.363'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C13.351.500.365.700'], ['B03.440.860.580.553.553.355'], ['B03.440.400.425.550.550.474', 'B03.660.075.525.520.400'], ['C01.635.500', 'C13.351.500.056.750'], ['C23.888.592.612.944'], ['C23.550.291.937'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['C01.221.812', 'C01.778', 'C12.294.668', 'C13.351.500.711', 'C23.550.291.531.937'], ['A05.360.319.779']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Play therapy and children with disabilities.
|
Play therapy allows children with developmental and health disabilities to discover what physical and emotional strengths they have in relation to their disabilities. Play therapy may be directive or nondirective, emotionally or physically focused. Suggestions for specific activities are presented for providing play therapy for children with disabilities.
|
['Child', 'Disabled Persons', 'Humans', 'Internal-External Control', 'Play Therapy', 'Play and Playthings', 'Self Concept']
| 8,119,836
|
[['M01.060.406'], ['M01.150'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.829.379'], ['E02.190.888.625', 'F04.754.664'], ['I03.450.642.693'], ['F01.752.747.792']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Safe abortions in an illegal context: perceptions from service providers in Belgium.
|
Until April 1990 abortion was illegal in Belgium all circumstances. However, a small group of health professionals had long provided high-quality abortion services in outpatient facilities and in hospitals. This study is a qualitative analysis of perceptions among providers of safe abortion in Belgium before and after it was made legal there. The providers' personal, psychological, and ethical reactions to abortion are investigated, as well as their opinions on how their activities should be organized in order to minimize problems. Standardized questionnaires with closed and open questions were used; 143 questionnaires were completed. Emotional reactions were reported as being the most difficult aspects of practicing abortion. The experience of Belgian practitioners is of value for health professionals working in a legally restricted setting who are willing to assume some judicial risks to facilitate legal change while demonstrating the public health utility of low-cost, safe abortion.
|
['Abortion Applicants', 'Abortion, Criminal', 'Abortion, Induced', 'Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Attitude of Health Personnel', 'Belgium', 'Contraception Behavior', 'Cross-Cultural Comparison', 'Female', 'Gestational Age', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Patient Care Team', 'Pregnancy', 'Pregnancy in Adolescence', 'Religion and Medicine']
| 8,351,696
|
[['M01.050'], ['I01.198.240.089'], ['E04.520.050'], ['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['F01.100.050', 'N05.300.100'], ['Z01.542.115'], ['F01.145.688.500', 'G08.686.784.891.500'], ['I01.076.201.450.281', 'I01.880.853.100.257'], ['G07.345.500.325.235.968', 'G08.686.320'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N04.590.715'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['G08.686.784.769.494'], ['K01.844.619']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Humanities [K]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Effects of repeated social stress on leukocyte distribution in bone marrow, peripheral blood and spleen.
|
Leukocyte trafficking between the various body compartments has an important surveillance function that ensures the detection of antigen and enables the immune system to initiate a rapid and effective response. Repeated social defeat of group-housed male mice induced by daily, acute encounters with an aggressive conspecific substantially altered leukocyte trafficking and led to a gradual redistribution of immune cells in bone marrow, peripheral blood and spleen. Recurrent exposure to the stressor over a period of 2, 4 or 6 consecutive days was associated with cell mobilization and increased myelopoiesis in the bone marrow that was paralleled by an accumulation of neutrophils and monocytes in circulation and spleen. Substantial depletion of B cells in bone marrow and blood was associated with an increase in splenic B cells indicating a redirection of this cell type to the spleen. In contrast, T cells were markedly reduced in these immune compartments. The recruitment of CD11b+ leukocytes (i.e., monocytes/macrophages and neutrophils) from the bone marrow to the spleen might play a critical role in the development of functional glucocorticoid resistance in the murine spleen that was reported in context with repeated social defeat.
|
['Analysis of Variance', 'Animals', 'Behavior, Animal', 'Bone Marrow', 'Erythrocytes', 'Flow Cytometry', 'Leukocytes', 'Lymphocytes', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Monocytes', 'Social Behavior', 'Spleen', 'Stress, Psychological', 'Time Factors']
| 14,975,591
|
[['E05.318.740.150', 'N05.715.360.750.125', 'N06.850.520.830.150'], ['B01.050'], ['F01.145.113'], ['A15.382.216'], ['A11.118.290', 'A11.443.240', 'A15.145.229.334'], ['E01.370.225.500.363.342', 'E01.370.225.500.386.350', 'E05.196.712.516.600.240.350', 'E05.200.500.363.342', 'E05.200.500.386.350', 'E05.242.363.342', 'E05.242.386.350'], ['A11.118.637', 'A15.145.229.637', 'A15.382.490'], ['A11.118.637.555.567', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567', 'A15.382.490.555.567'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['A11.118.637.555.652', 'A11.148.580', 'A11.627.624', 'A11.733.547', 'A15.145.229.637.555.652', 'A15.378.316.580', 'A15.382.490.555.652', 'A15.382.670.547', 'A15.382.680.547'], ['F01.145.813'], ['A10.549.700', 'A15.382.520.604.700'], ['F01.145.126.990', 'F02.830.900'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Rofecoxib, a COX-2 inhibitor, does not inhibit human gastric mucosal prostaglandin production.
|
BACKGROUND & AIMS: Rofecoxib, an inhibitor of the inducible cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 enzyme, appears not to cause acute gastroduodenal injury or chronic ulceration. To attribute this to COX-2 selectivity with sparing of gastric mucosal prostaglandin synthesis requires direct proof.METHODS: Twenty-four healthy, nonsmoking Helicobacter pylori-negative volunteers were randomized to 1 of 2 separate concurrent blinded crossover studies. Sixteen volunteers received rofecoxib, 50 mg once daily, for 5 days in one treatment period and placebo in the other. Eight volunteers similarly received naproxen, 500 mg twice daily, and placebo. On day 5 of each period, antral mucosal prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) synthesis was measured by radioimmunoassay after vortexing for 3 minutes. Whole blood COX-1 activity was measured as serum thromboxane (TXB)2- and COX-2 activity as lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced PGE2.RESULTS: Naproxen decreased gastric mucosal PGE2 synthesis by 65% (90% confidence interval [CI], 53%-74%; P = 0.001 vs. placebo) in contrast to an 18% increase after rofecoxib (90% CI, -11% to 57%; P = 0.313 vs. placebo). Naproxen also significantly inhibited both serum TXB2 by 94% and LPS-induced PGE2 production by 77% (both P < or = 0.002 vs. placebo), but rofecoxib only inhibited COX-2-dependent LPS-induced PGE(2) (by 79%; P < 0.001 vs. placebo).CONCLUSIONS: Rofecoxib (50 mg) lacked naproxen's ability to reduce the availability of gastroprotective prostaglandins.
|
['Adult', 'Cross-Over Studies', 'Cyclooxygenase 1', 'Cyclooxygenase 2', 'Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors', 'Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors', 'Double-Blind Method', 'Female', 'Gastric Mucosa', 'Humans', 'Isoenzymes', 'Lactones', 'Lipopolysaccharides', 'Male', 'Membrane Proteins', 'Naproxen', 'Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases', 'Prostaglandins', 'Sulfones', 'Thromboxane B2']
| 11,231,941
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E05.318.370.150', 'N05.715.360.325.150', 'N06.850.520.445.150'], ['D08.811.600.720.500'], ['D08.811.600.720.750'], ['D27.505.519.389.310.500', 'D27.505.696.663.850.014.040.500.500.500', 'D27.505.954.158.030.500.500', 'D27.505.954.329.030.500.500'], ['D27.505.519.389.310', 'D27.505.696.663.850.014.040.500.500', 'D27.505.954.158.030.500', 'D27.505.954.329.030.500'], ['E05.318.370.300', 'E05.581.500.300', 'N05.715.360.325.320', 'N06.850.520.445.300'], ['A03.556.875.875.440', 'A10.615.550.291'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D08.811.348', 'D12.776.800.300'], ['D02.540'], ['D09.400.500', 'D09.698.718.450', 'D10.494', 'D23.050.161.616.525', 'D23.946.123.329.500'], ['D12.776.543'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.638.472.500', 'D04.615.638.472.450'], ['D08.811.600.720', 'D08.811.682.690.708.715'], ['D10.251.355.255.550', 'D23.469.050.175.725'], ['D02.886.590'], ['D10.251.355.255.100.825.810', 'D10.251.355.310.166.971.810']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
[Memory disorders and deep structures of the brain].
|
Clinical and neuropsychologic examination of 141 patients with arteriovenous malformations (AVM) was examined according to A.R.Lurye method. AVM of caudate nucleus were found in 27 patients, of thalamus in 34 ones, of hippocampal formation in 39 individuals, of gyrus cinguli in 41 cases. 102 patients were operated. Both total impairment of the memory and its peculiarities in damages of different structures were found in patients with AVM. A common peculiarity was the development of the amnestic symptom complex similar to Korsakov's syndrome. Such disorders occur only in combined damages of the deep structures (before the operation in patients with ventricular hemorrhages), excluding patients with AVM of caudate nucleus. The memory impairments were modal-nonspecific; in all the patients an audio-speech delayed memory was altered and reproduction in visual memory. Peculiarities of memory impairments in damage of separate structures were functional asymmetry of the defects of memory in AVM of caudate nucleus and thalamus (if present) as well as permanent inclusions and contaminations in AVM of gyrus cinguli. During process of evolution separate sides of memory function might be doubled in different structures, and each of them might have its own contribution to memory function.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Caudate Nucleus', 'Child', 'Female', 'Gyrus Cinguli', 'Hippocampus', 'Humans', 'Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations', 'Male', 'Memory Disorders', 'Middle Aged', 'Neuropsychological Tests', 'Thalamus']
| 10,533,246
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.249.487.550.184'], ['M01.060.406'], ['A08.186.211.180.590.500', 'A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.382.500'], ['A08.186.211.180.405', 'A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.345'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C10.228.140.300.520', 'C10.500.190.500', 'C14.240.850.750.295', 'C14.240.850.875.500', 'C14.907.150.295', 'C14.907.253.560.400', 'C16.131.240.850.750.295', 'C16.131.240.850.875.500', 'C16.131.666.190.500'], ['C10.597.606.525', 'C23.888.592.604.529', 'F01.700.625'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['F04.711.513'], ['A08.186.211.200.317.826']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Family practitioners' intervention against smoking in Germany and the UK: does remuneration affect preventive activity?
|
The effect of different systems of remuneration on preventive activity of family practitioners (FPs) were studied. Interventions against smoking were compared in FPs' practices in Germany and the UK. Almost 800 consecutively attending patients were included in a cross-sectional survey. Smoking prevalence was remarkably similar among German and British practice attenders. Slightly more than 50% of smokers in both countries remembered an intervention against their smoking by their FP or related staff. Multiple logistic regression analysis also showed that there was no significant difference for remembered interventions between the two countries (adjusted OR 1.15 [95%-Cl 0.6, 2.2]). The structure of interventions employed was similar in both countries. Most British and German ex-smokers denied that their FP had made an important contribution to their giving up smoking. There is evidence that, under capitation, FPs concentrate their activities on patients who are more at risk. Overall, however, the economic structure does not seem to influence the core of preventive behaviour of FPs to any great extent. Smoking cessation efforts in Family Practice need to be improved in both countries.
|
['Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Family Practice', 'Germany', 'Humans', 'Logistic Models', 'Odds Ratio', 'Prevalence', 'Smoking', 'Smoking Cessation', 'Smoking Prevention', 'United Kingdom']
| 8,806,158
|
[['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['H02.403.340.500'], ['Z01.542.315'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.740.500.525', 'E05.318.740.600.800.450', 'E05.318.740.750.450', 'E05.599.835.875', 'N05.715.360.750.530.480', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.450', 'N05.715.360.750.695.470', 'N06.850.520.830.500.525', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.450', 'N06.850.520.830.750.450'], ['E05.318.740.600.600', 'G17.680.500', 'N05.715.360.750.625.590', 'N06.850.520.830.600.600'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['F01.145.805'], ['F01.145.488.732'], ['I02.233.332.812', 'N02.421.726.407.840'], ['Z01.542.363']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
The secondary sex ratio, paternal age, maternal age and birth order in Japan.
|
The simultaneous effects of several variables on the secondary sex ratio have been examined using data from over 3.7 million births which occurred in Japan during 1975--6. A weak and negative association between sex ratio and birth order was observed but it was not significant in the statistical sense. A negative effect of paternal age--birth order interaction was obtained when maternal age was controlled. The quadratic model is much more powerful than the linear model in explaining the sex ratio variability.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Birth Order', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Japan', 'Male', 'Maternal Age', 'Middle Aged', 'Models, Biological', 'Paternal Age', 'Regression Analysis', 'Sex Ratio']
| 475,333
|
[]
|
[]
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Exit from mitosis induced by a calcium transient: the relation to the MPF and InsP3 dynamics.
|
Cells divide only after passing through a control point in late G1. This passage is followed by the accumulation of the mitotic cyclin which binds to p34cdc2, allowing for the subsequent phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of the latter protein. It is the active MPF, i.e. the phosphorylated mitotic cyclin-p34cdc2 kinase complex that triggers entry into mitosis. MPF becomes increasingly active as the cell forwards to anaphase, when a sudden increase in InsP3 takes place. This in turn induces a large Ca2+ release in cytosol from internal calcium stores and a calcium-dependent positive feedback control on InsP3-induced calcium release enhances the effect on InsP3-mediated Ca2+ transient. Meanwhile, empty calcium stores signal to plasma membrane for a constant calcium influx at high InsP3 levels. The cytosolic calcium excess is assumed to activate the CaMKll holloenzyme which involves the production of the ubiquitination complex necessary for cyclin degradation and MPF inactivation. Accordingly, a mathematical model was proposed by means of an eight-dimensional dynamical system that yields the time dependence of the main cellular quantities in a picture of the mitosis specific events.
|
['Animals', 'CDC2 Protein Kinase', 'Calcium', 'Cyclins', 'Cytosol', 'Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate', 'Kinetics', 'Mathematics', 'Mitosis', 'Models, Biological', 'Phosphorylation']
| 7,888,611
|
[['B01.050'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.646.500.500.250', 'D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.646.500.984.500', 'D12.644.360.250.067.249', 'D12.644.360.250.580.500', 'D12.776.167.200.067.249', 'D12.776.167.200.580.500', 'D12.776.476.250.067.249', 'D12.776.476.250.580.500', 'D12.776.744.360'], ['D01.268.552.100', 'D01.552.539.288', 'D23.119.100'], ['D12.644.360.262', 'D12.776.167.218', 'D12.776.476.262'], ['A11.284.430.214.200', 'A11.284.430.429.200', 'A11.284.835.450.200'], ['D02.033.800.519.400.350', 'D09.853.519.400.350', 'D09.894.480.350'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['H01.548'], ['G04.144.220.220.781', 'G05.113.220.781'], ['E05.599.395'], ['G02.111.665', 'G02.607.780', 'G03.796']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Myoepithelial sialadenitis versus low-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the salivary gland in FNAB: is discrimination by means of an image processing system possible?
|
The diagnosis of myoepithelial sialadenitis (MESA) in fine needle aspiration biopsy may be difficult. There is a dense lymphocytic infiltration in the gland and discrimination between a hyperimmune reaction and a low grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) of B-cell origin may be impossible. To get additional diagnostically helpful criteria, texture feature analysis on routinely obtained FNAB's of the salivary gland was applied. In the data set 36/36 cases of low grade B-NHL confirmed by histology and 10/13 histologically confirmed cases of MESA could be classified correctly by means of an image processing system. The chromatin structure of each nucleus was classified by texture features (n = 6), which were determined according to the method of Harms et al. For statistical analysis of the cell types a classification tree based on the commercial program CART was applied. The data set of 49 cases was proved by the crossvalidation test 10 fold. The calculated diagnosis for each case suggests that this method may be helpful in the cytologically doubtful cases.
|
['Biopsy, Needle', 'Decision Trees', 'Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted', 'Diagnosis, Differential', 'Humans', 'Image Processing, Computer-Assisted', 'Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin', 'Myoepithelioma', 'Salivary Gland Neoplasms', 'Sialadenitis']
| 10,757,047
|
[['E01.370.225.500.384.100.119', 'E01.370.225.998.054.119', 'E01.370.388.100.100', 'E04.074.119', 'E04.665.100', 'E05.200.500.384.100.119', 'E05.200.998.054.119', 'E05.242.384.100.119'], ['G17.162.500'], ['E01.158', 'L01.313.500.750.100.158'], ['E01.171'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.224.308'], ['C04.557.386.480', 'C15.604.515.569.480', 'C20.683.515.761.480'], ['C04.557.435.585'], ['C04.588.443.591.824', 'C07.465.530.824', 'C07.465.815.718'], ['C07.465.815.793']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
What is the role of human contamination by environmental chemicals in the development of type 1 diabetes?
|
The increasing incidence of type 1 diabetes (T1D) in children around the world is unexplained. Even though various environmental chemicals have been linked to the development of type 2 diabetes as well as other autoimmune diseases, the possibility that environmental chemicals may contribute to the development of T1D has not been adequately evaluated. There is preliminary epidemiological evidence that exposure to certain chemicals, such as N-nitroso compounds, air pollutants and persistent organic pollutants is associated with T1D. Environmental chemicals that can act as endocrine disruptors may affect the development and function of the immune system in ways that could promote autoimmunity, and thereby contribute to the development of T1D. As such, the potential low-dose effects of chemicals should be considered in both epidemiological and experimental study designs of T1D. If chemicals indeed contribute to the development of T1D, then this disease may be partly preventable.
|
['Autoimmunity', 'California', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1', 'Endocrine Disruptors', 'Environmental Exposure', 'Humans', 'Organic Chemicals', 'Risk Factors']
| 21,502,091
|
[['G12.450.192'], ['Z01.107.567.875.580.200', 'Z01.107.567.875.760.200'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['C18.452.394.750.124', 'C19.246.267', 'C20.111.327'], ['D27.505.696.353', 'D27.888.141'], ['N06.850.460.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D02'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Metastatic neuroblastoma in the mandible. Report of a case.
|
The case reported here is that of a metastatic neuroblastoma of the mandible in a 5-year-old boy. This kind of metastasis in the mandible is very rare. Osteolytic jaw defects and unexplainable looseness of the deciduous molars in children should induce a thorough examination with the possibility of a metastatic malignoma in mind. A summary of the literature and prognosis of these tumors has been given.
|
['Child, Preschool', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Mandibular Neoplasms', 'Neoplasm Metastasis', 'Neuroblastoma']
| 1,061,918
|
[['M01.060.406.448'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.588.149.721.450.583', 'C05.116.231.754.450.583', 'C05.500.499.583', 'C05.500.607.442', 'C07.320.515.583', 'C07.320.610.583'], ['C04.697.650', 'C23.550.727.650'], ['C04.557.465.625.600.590.650.550', 'C04.557.470.670.590.650.550', 'C04.557.580.625.600.590.650.550']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Sine ars scientia nihil est: Leonardo da Vinci and beyond.
|
The aim of this article is to reflect on the relationship between art and science so far as it concerns a symposium on neurosciences. We undertake a historical overview of that relationship, paying particular attention to the sui generis case of Leonardo da Vinci, who very often is regarded as the man who worked on art and science with equal ease. We then explain why his idea of merging these two forms of knowledge failed, considering the clear-cut distinction between art and science in his time. With this clarification, we explore the matter today. We look at Raphael's The Transfiguration, in which the representation of the possessed boy is seen by neuroscientists as indicative of an epileptic seizure. We also look at the ideas of neuroscientists Semir Zeki and Vilayanur Ramachandran, who study particular aspects of brain function and suggest a new merging of art and science.
|
['Art', 'Epilepsy', 'Famous Persons', 'History, 15th Century', 'History, 16th Century', 'History, Ancient', 'History, Medieval', 'Humans', 'Neurosciences']
| 18,840,546
|
[['K01.093'], ['C10.228.140.490'], ['K01.517.211.506', 'M01.228'], ['K01.400.475.500'], ['K01.400.475.750'], ['K01.400.470'], ['K01.400.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['H01.158.610']]
|
['Humanities [K]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
[A case of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia during treatment for miliary tuberculosis].
|
A 30-year old man of Myanmar origin was admitted to our hospital because of productive cough, anorexia, weight loss and fever. Sputum smear was strongly positive for M. tuberculosis (Gaffky 6) and sputum culture proved M. tuberculosis. Caseous necrosis with Langhans giant cells was observed in the biopsied specimens of the liver and bone marrow. He was diagnosed as miliary tuberculosis. Treatment with combined use of isoniazid, rifampicin, ethambutol and streptomycin was started. After one month, his cough resolved, fever subsided and chest X-ray findings improved. Two months later, non-productive cough and fever recurred. Chest radiograph and computed tomographic scan of the chest revealed diffuse ground-glass opacity. Specimens taken by transbronchial biopsy showed pneumocystis carinii in alveoli. Pulsed use of methyprednisolone with Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole was started. The symptoms and chest X-ray findings disappeared and he recovered uneventfully. Tests for HIV infection were negative. Anti-HTLV antibody was negative. There were no other suggestive evidences of immune suppression. CD4+T cell count was low, when Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia occurred. The relation between miliary tuberculosis, Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and CD4-T lymphocytopenia has remained unelucidated.
|
['Adult', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Pneumonia, Pneumocystis', 'Tuberculosis, Miliary']
| 12,607,338
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C01.150.703.534.700', 'C01.150.703.770.700', 'C01.748.435.700', 'C01.748.610.675', 'C08.381.472.700', 'C08.381.677.675', 'C08.730.435.700', 'C08.730.610.675'], ['C01.150.252.410.040.552.846.764']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
The cingulum and cingulate U-fibers in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorders.
|
The cingulum is the major fiber system connecting the cingulate and surrounding medial cortex and medial temporal lobe internally and with other brain areas. It is important for social and emotional functions related to core symptomatology in autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). While the cingulum has been examined in autism, the extensive system of cingulate U-fibers has not been studied. Using probabilistic tractography, we investigated white matter fibers of the cingulate cortex by distinguishing its deep intra-cingulate bundle (cingulum proper) and short rostral anterior, caudal anterior, posterior, and isthmus cingulate U-fibers in 61 ASD and 54 typically developing children and adolescents. Increased mean and radial diffusivity of the left cingulum proper was observed in the ASD group, replicating previous findings on the cingulum. For cingulate U-fibers, an atypical age-related decline in right posterior cingulate U-fiber volume was found in the ASD group, which appeared to be driven by an abnormally large volume in younger children. History of repetitive and restrictive behavior was negatively associated with right caudal anterior cingulate U-fiber volume, linking cingulate motor areas with neighboring gyri. Aberrant development in U-fiber volume of the right posterior cingulate gyrus may underlie functional abnormalities found in this region, such as in the default mode network.
|
['Adolescent', 'Autism Spectrum Disorder', 'Brain Mapping', 'Child', 'Diffusion Tensor Imaging', 'Female', 'Gyrus Cinguli', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Nerve Fibers', 'White Matter']
| 30,941,791
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['F03.625.164.113'], ['E01.370.350.578.875.500', 'E01.370.376.537.625.500', 'E05.629.875.500'], ['M01.060.406'], ['E01.370.350.578.750', 'E01.370.350.825.500.150.500', 'E01.370.376.537.500', 'E05.629.750'], ['A08.186.211.180.590.500', 'A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.382.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A08.675.542', 'A11.671.501'], ['A08.186.211.204', 'A08.186.854.880']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Prevalence of head deformities in preterm infants at term equivalent age.
|
INTRODUCTION: Due to a rising number of head deformities in healthy newborns, there has been an increasing interest in nonsynostotic head deformities in children over recent years. Although preterm infants are more likely to have anomalous head shapes than term newborns, there is limited data available on early prevalence of head deformities in preterm infants.AIMS: The purposes of the present study were to acquire quantitative data on head shape of preterm infants at Term Equivalent Age (TEA), to determine the prevalence of symmetrical and asymmetrical head deformities and to identify possible risk factors.METHODS: In a cross-sectional study design, Cranial Vault Asymmetry Index (CVAI) and Cranial Index (CI) calculated from routine head-scans with a non-invasive laser shape digitizer were recorded and categorized in type and severity of deformation for three different groups of gestational age. Perinatal and postnatal patient data was tested for possible associations.RESULTS: Scans of 195 infants were included in the study. CVAI at TEA was higher in very preterm (4.1%) compared to term and late preterm infants. Prevalence of deformational plagiocephaly was 38% in very preterm infants. CI was lower in very (71.4%) and late (77.2%) preterm infants compared to term infants (80.0%). Compared to term babies (11%), a large number of very (73%) and late (28%) preterm infants exhibited dolichocephaly at TEA.DISCUSSION: Prevalence of symmetrical and asymmetrical head deformities in preterm infants is high at TEA. Interventions are required to prevent head deformities in preterm infants during the initial hospital stay.
|
['Age Factors', 'Cephalometry', 'Cohort Studies', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Germany', 'Humans', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Infant, Premature', 'Odds Ratio', 'Plagiocephaly', 'Prevalence', 'Statistics, Nonparametric']
| 24,016,482
|
[['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['E01.370.600.024.250', 'E05.041.250', 'N06.850.505.200.100.300'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['Z01.542.315'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['M01.060.703.520.520'], ['E05.318.740.600.600', 'G17.680.500', 'N05.715.360.750.625.590', 'N06.850.520.830.600.600'], ['C05.660.207.707', 'C16.131.621.207.707'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['E05.318.740.995', 'N05.715.360.750.760', 'N06.850.520.830.995']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
A Retrospective Study of Cognitive Improvement Following Electroconvulsive Therapy in Schizophrenia Inpatients.
|
OBJECTIVES: Findings on the cognitive effect of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in individuals with schizophrenia have brought mixed results, with few recent studies beginning to report cognitive improvements after treatment. Cognitive change in inpatients with schizophrenia who were referred for an acute course of ECT was examined in the current study. Furthermore, the study aimed to determine the profile of patients who experience cognitive improvement and the potential use of a brief cognitive battery to detect this positive cognitive change, if any.METHODS: Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) was conducted at baseline and posttreatment after 6 sessions of ECT. The Brief ECT Cognitive Screen was also administered to determine its predictive ability on cognitive gain of 2 points or higher in MoCA total scores for the 2 consecutive time points.RESULTS: A total of 81 inpatients were included in the study. Retrospective analysis revealed significant improvements in MoCA total score and domains of visuospatial/executive function and attention. Cognitive improvement was more pronounced among those who had worse pre-MoCA score before ECT.CONCLUSIONS: The study provided support to the existing literature where cognitive improvement has been reported among individuals with schizophrenia after ECT. Future studies should consider the use of randomized controlled trials to examine the possible cognitive benefits of ECT. In a setting where there is a high volume of patients receiving ECT, the monitoring of patients' cognitive status through the course of ECT continues to be warranted and the Brief ECT Cognitive Screen may be useful as a quick measure to detect such ECT-related cognitive change.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Attention', 'Cognition', 'Electroconvulsive Therapy', 'Executive Function', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Inpatients', 'Male', 'Mental Status and Dementia Tests', 'Middle Aged', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Schizophrenia', 'Schizophrenic Psychology', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Young Adult']
| 30,628,992
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['F02.830.104.214'], ['F02.463.188'], ['F04.570.200.583', 'F04.669.224.300'], ['F02.463.217'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.643.470'], ['F04.711.513.603'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.370.800.650', 'N05.715.360.325.700.640', 'N06.850.520.445.800.650'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['F03.700.750'], ['F04.824'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Benign breast disease and cancer.
|
We report the necessity for thoroughly understanding the physiopathology of benign breast lesions in order to treat each type of lesion adequately. Three groups of women are outlined as a practical approach to this problem. Subadipose mastectomy is proposed to treat heteronodular mastopathy. This operation is compared with the subcutaneous mastectomy proposed by plastic surgeons.
|
['Breast', 'Breast Diseases', 'Breast Neoplasms', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Mastectomy']
| 1,205,685
|
[['A01.236'], ['C17.800.090'], ['C04.588.180', 'C17.800.090.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E04.466']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Why is D-serine nephrotoxic and alpha-aminoisobutyric acid protective?
|
D-Serine selectively causes necrosis of S(3) segments of proximal tubules in rats. This leads to aminoaciduria and glucosuria. Coinjection of the nonmetabolizable amino acid alpha-aminoisobutyric acid (AIB) prevents the tubulopathy. D-serine is selectively reabsorbed in S(3), thereby gaining access to peroxisomal D-amino acid oxidase (D-AAO). D-AAO-mediated metabolism produces reactive oxygen species. We determined the fractional excretion of amino acids and glucose in rats after intraperitoneal injection of d-serine alone or together with reduced glutathione (GSH) or AIB. Both compounds prevented the hyperaminoaciduria. We measured GSH concentrations in renal tissue before (control) and after D-serine injection and found that GSH levels decreased to approximately 30% of control. This decrease was prevented when equimolar GSH was coinjected with D-serine. To find out why AIB protected the tubule from D-serine toxicity, we microinfused D-[(14)C]serine or [(14)C]AIB (0.36 mmol/l) together with [(3)H]inulin in late proximal tubules in vivo and measured the radioactivity in the final urine. Fractional reabsorption of D-[(14)C]serine and [(14)C]AIB amounted to 55 and 70%, respectively, and 80 mmol/l of AIB or D-serine mutually prevented reabsorption to a great extent. D-AAO activity measured in vitro (using D-serine as substrate) was not influenced by a 10-fold higher AIB concentration. We conclude from these results that 1) D-AAO-mediated d-serine metabolism lowers renal GSH concentrations and thereby provokes tubular damage because reduction of reactive oxygen species by GSH is diminished and 2) AIB prevents d-serine-induced tubulopathy by inhibition of D-serine uptake in S(3) segments rather than by interfering with intracellular D-AAO-mediated D-serine metabolism.
|
['Amino Acids', 'Aminoisobutyric Acids', 'Animals', 'D-Amino-Acid Oxidase', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Glucose', 'Glutathione', 'Glycosuria', 'Hydrogen Peroxide', 'Injections, Intraperitoneal', 'Insulin', 'Kidney', 'Kidney Diseases', 'Kidney Tubules, Proximal', 'Loop of Henle', 'Male', 'Oxidation-Reduction', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Serine']
| 17,429,029
|
[['D12.125'], ['D02.241.081.114.968.249', 'D12.125.070.075', 'D12.125.190.055'], ['B01.050'], ['D08.811.682.664.500.125'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['D09.947.875.359.448'], ['D12.644.456.448'], ['C12.777.934.363', 'C13.351.968.934.363', 'C18.452.394.937'], ['D01.248.497.158.685.750.424', 'D01.339.431.374.424', 'D01.650.550.750.400', 'D02.389.338.253'], ['E02.319.267.530.490'], ['D06.472.699.587.200.500.625', 'D12.644.548.586.200.500.625'], ['A05.810.453'], ['C12.777.419', 'C13.351.968.419'], ['A05.810.453.736.560.570'], ['A05.810.453.736.560.610'], ['G02.700', 'G03.295.531'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900'], ['D12.125.154.800']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Focal 18F-NaF PET Prostate Activity in the Setting of Prostate Adenocarcinoma.
|
A 72-year-old man with a family history of prostate cancer and initial diagnosis of favorable intermediate risk prostate cancer via biopsy in 2017 elected for active surveillance. Two years later, he underwent prostate biopsy showing intermediate-risk cT1c Nx Mx lesion with Gleason score 3 + 4 = 7 (5 core positive). Transrectal ultrasound showed a prostate volume 28 mL, and the prostate-specific antigen was 8.1. Patient elected to proceed with combination radiation therapy and androgen deprivation therapy.
|
['Adenocarcinoma', 'Aged', 'Androgen Antagonists', 'Biopsy', 'Fluorine Radioisotopes', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Neoplasm Grading', 'Positron-Emission Tomography', 'Prostate-Specific Antigen', 'Prostatic Neoplasms', 'Sodium Fluoride', 'Ultrasonography']
| 32,404,713
|
[['C04.557.470.200.025'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D06.347.065', 'D27.505.696.399.450.065'], ['E01.370.225.500.384.100', 'E01.370.225.998.054', 'E01.370.388.100', 'E04.074', 'E05.200.500.384.100', 'E05.200.998.054', 'E05.242.384.100'], ['D01.496.749.340'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.789.612'], ['E01.370.350.350.800.700', 'E01.370.350.600.350.800.399', 'E01.370.350.710.800.399', 'E01.370.350.825.800.399', 'E01.370.384.730.800.399'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.760.442.750', 'D08.811.277.656.959.350.442.750', 'D12.776.866.249.500', 'D23.050.285.625', 'D23.101.140.625'], ['C04.588.945.440.770', 'C12.294.260.750', 'C12.294.565.625', 'C12.758.409.750'], ['D01.303.350.300.875', 'D01.857.725', 'D25.223.716', 'J01.637.051.223.716'], ['E01.370.350.850']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
In Rhodobacter sphaeroides, chemotactic operon 1 regulates rotation of the flagellar system 2.
|
Rhodobacter sphaeroides is able to assemble two different flagella, the subpolar flagellum (Fla1) and the polar flagella (Fla2). In this work, we report the swimming behavior of R. sphaeroides Fla2(+) cells lacking each of the proteins encoded by chemotactic operon 1. A model proposing how these proteins control Fla2 rotation is presented.
|
['Bacterial Proteins', 'Chemotaxis', 'Flagella', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial', 'Operon', 'Rhodobacter sphaeroides']
| 21,949,068
|
[['D12.776.097'], ['F01.145.113.780.500', 'F01.145.875.439.500.500', 'G04.198.424', 'G07.568.500.590.500', 'G11.427.410.568.850.500'], ['A11.284.180.290'], ['G05.308.300'], ['G05.360.340.024.686', 'G05.360.340.358.207.500'], ['B03.440.623.700', 'B03.660.050.750.700.700']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Life course variation in the relation between maternal marital status and preterm birth.
|
PURPOSE: Maternal marriage is protective against preterm birth (PTB), whereas advanced maternal age is associated with increased PTB risk. Because relations between social factors and health may vary during the life course, we assessed how the relation between marital status and PTB risk may change with maternal age.METHODS: We assessed the interaction between marital status and maternal age as a determinant of PTB among all live singleton births in Michigan between 1995 and 2006. We also fit stratified models by race. We calculated absolute differences in predicted PTB as well as odds ratios of PTB by marital status for each age group.RESULTS: In adjusted models, there was a significant interaction (p(interaction)<.001) between marital status and maternal age. The predicted probability of PTB by marital status was marginally different among mothers ages 20-25 years (absolute difference of 1.5%); this difference was substantially greater (3.9% or greater) after 31 years of age. Odds of PTB followed a similar trajectory. Findings were similar among black and white mothers.CONCLUSIONS: The relationship between marriage and PTB may vary with maternal age suggesting that the influence of social factors on risk for adverse birth outcomes may differ through the maternal life trajectory. We discuss plausible explanations for these findings.
|
['Adult', 'Birth Certificates', 'Educational Status', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Logistic Models', 'Marital Status', 'Maternal Age', 'Michigan', 'Odds Ratio', 'Parity', 'Pregnancy', 'Premature Birth', 'Risk Factors', 'Social Environment', 'Young Adult']
| 22,285,870
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E05.318.308.940.250', 'L01.399.250.900.250', 'N04.452.859.132', 'N05.715.360.300.715.175', 'N06.850.520.308.940.250'], ['N01.824.196'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.740.500.525', 'E05.318.740.600.800.450', 'E05.318.740.750.450', 'E05.599.835.875', 'N05.715.360.750.530.480', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.450', 'N05.715.360.750.695.470', 'N06.850.520.830.500.525', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.450', 'N06.850.520.830.750.450'], ['F01.829.263.315.500', 'I01.240.361.500', 'I01.880.853.150.423.500', 'N01.224.361.500', 'N01.824.308.500'], ['G08.686.560', 'N05.715.350.075.550', 'N06.850.490.250.550'], ['Z01.107.567.875.350.500', 'Z01.107.567.875.510.500'], ['E05.318.740.600.600', 'G17.680.500', 'N05.715.360.750.625.590', 'N06.850.520.830.600.600'], ['G08.686.677', 'G08.686.784.769.472', 'N06.850.490.812.600'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['C13.703.420.491.500'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['I01.880.853.500'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Gene expression abnormalities in histologically normal breast epithelium from patients with luminal type of breast cancer.
|
The gene expression profile of breast cancer has been described as a great breakthrough on the way to comprehend differences in cancer origin, behavior and therapy. However, gene expression profile in histologically normal epithelium (HNEpi) which could harbor genetic abnormalities predisposing breast tissue to develop malignancy was minor scope for scientists in the past. Thus, we aimed to analyze gene expressions in HNEpi and breast cancer tissue (BCTis) in order to establish its value as potential diagnostic marker for cancer development. We evaluated a panel of disease-specific genes in luminal type (A/B) of breast cancer and tumor surrounding HNEpi by qRT-PCR Array in 32 microdissected samples. There was 20.2 and 2.4% deregulation rate in genes with at least 2-fold or 5-fold over-expression between luminal (A/B) type breast carcinomas and tumor surrounding HNEpi, respectively. The high-grade luminal carcinomas showed higher number of deregulated genes compared to low-grade cases (50.6 vs. 23.8% with at least 2-fold deregulation rate). The main overexpressed genes in HNEpi were KLK5, SCGB1D2, GSN, EGFR and NGFR. The significant differences in gene expression between BCTis and HNEpi samples were revealed for BAG1, C3, CCNA2, CD44, FGF1, FOSL1, ID2, IL6R, NGFB, NGFR, PAPPA, PLAU, SERPINB5, THBS1 and TP53 gene (p < 0.05) and BCL2L2, CTSB, ITGB4, JUN, KIT, KLF5, SCGB1D2, SCGB2A1, SERPINE1 (p < 0.01), and EGFR, GABRP, GSN, MAP2K7 and THBS2 (p < 0.001), and GSN, KLK5 (p < 0.0001). The ontological gene analyses revealed high deregulations in gene group directly associated with breast cancer prognosis and origin.
|
['Biomarkers, Tumor', 'Breast', 'Breast Neoplasms', 'Epithelium', 'ErbB Receptors', 'Female', 'Genes, Neoplasm', 'Genetic Predisposition to Disease', 'Humans', 'Kallikreins', 'Nerve Tissue Proteins', 'Prognosis', 'Receptors, Nerve Growth Factor', 'Secretoglobins', 'Transcriptome']
| 25,407,308
|
[['D23.101.140'], ['A01.236'], ['C04.588.180', 'C17.800.090.500'], ['A10.272'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.400.009', 'D12.776.543.750.630.009', 'D12.776.543.750.750.400.074'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.375'], ['C23.550.291.687.500', 'G05.380.355'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.760.442', 'D08.811.277.656.959.350.442', 'D12.776.124.125.597', 'D23.119.597'], ['D12.776.631'], ['E01.789'], ['D12.776.543.750.750.400.550'], ['D12.776.861'], ['G02.111.873.750', 'G05.297.700.750', 'G05.360.920']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Grp1 plays a key role in linking insulin signaling to glut4 recycling.
|
The glucose transporter type 4 (glut4) is critical for metabolic homeostasis. Insulin regulates glut4 by modulating its expression on the cell surface. This regulation is mainly achieved by targeting the endocytic recycling of glut4. We identify general receptor for 3-phosphoinositides 1 (Grp1) as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for ADP-ribosylation factor 6 (ARF6) that promotes glut4 vesicle formation. Grp1 also promotes the later steps of glut4 recycling through ARF6. Insulin signaling regulates Grp1 through phosphorylation by Akt. We also find that mutations that mimic constitutive phosphorylation of Grp1 can bypass upstream insulin signaling to induce glut4 recycling. Thus, we have uncovered a major mechanism by which insulin regulates glut4 recycling. Our findings also reveal the complexity by which a single small GTPase in vesicular transport can coordinate its multiple steps to accomplish a round of transport.
|
['ADP-Ribosylation Factors', 'Animals', 'Glucose Transporter Type 4', 'Hypoglycemic Agents', 'Insulin', 'Mice', 'NIH 3T3 Cells', 'Phosphorylation', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt', 'Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear', 'Signal Transduction']
| 22,609,160
|
[['D08.811.277.040.330.300.400.100', 'D12.644.360.525.100', 'D12.776.157.325.515.100', 'D12.776.476.525.100'], ['B01.050'], ['D12.776.157.530.500.500.937', 'D12.776.157.530.937.563.937', 'D12.776.543.585.500.500.937', 'D12.776.543.585.937.625.937'], ['D27.505.696.422'], ['D06.472.699.587.200.500.625', 'D12.644.548.586.200.500.625'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['A11.251.210.100.550', 'A11.329.228.100.550'], ['G02.111.665', 'G02.607.780', 'G03.796'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.755', 'D12.776.476.565', 'D12.776.624.664.700.168'], ['D12.776.826'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Mucin gene expression and mouse middle ear epithelium.
|
OBJECTIVES: To investigate the expression of recently identified human mucin genes in an in vitro model of cultured mouse middle ear epithelial cells (MMEEC).METHODS: MMEEC were established, RNA was extracted and primers were designed for RT-PCR to assess for expression of mucin genes Muc1, Muc2, Muc3, Muc4, Muc5AC, Muc5B, Muc6, Muc7, Muc8, Muc9, Muc10, Muc11/12, Muc13, Muc15, Muc16, Muc17, Muc18, Muc19 and Muc20 expression.RESULTS: Mucin genes Muc1, Muc2, Muc3, Muc4, Muc5AC, Muc5B, Muc9, Muc10, Muc13, Muc15, Muc16, Muc18, Muc19 and Muc20 were identified and expressed in MMEEC. The genes Muc6, Muc7, Muc8, Muc11/12 and Muc17 were not identified.CONCLUSION: Many of the mucin genes that have been recently identified in human MEE and chinchilla MEE are also expressed in MMEEC. There are differences in expression, however, which may have implications in utilizing various animal models for study of middle ear physiology and pathogenesis; specifically as it relates to mucin gene expression.
|
['Animals', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Ear, Middle', 'Epithelial Cells', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Humans', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Mice', 'Models, Animal', 'Mucins', 'Otitis Media', 'Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Sensitivity and Specificity']
| 20,846,498
|
[['B01.050'], ['A11.251'], ['A09.246.397'], ['A11.436'], ['G05.308'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.481'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['E05.598'], ['D12.776.395.560.631'], ['C09.218.705.663'], ['E05.393.620.500.725'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Worldwide Effects of Coronavirus Disease Pandemic on Tuberculosis Services, January-April 2020.
|
Coronavirus disease has disrupted tuberculosis services globally. Data from 33 centers in 16 countries on 5 continents showed that attendance at tuberculosis centers was lower during the first 4 months of the pandemic in 2020 than for the same period in 2019. Resources are needed to ensure tuberculosis care continuity during the pandemic.
|
['Betacoronavirus', 'COVID-19', 'Continuity of Patient Care', 'Coronavirus Infections', 'Facilities and Services Utilization', 'Global Health', 'Humans', 'Pandemics', 'Pneumonia, Viral', 'SARS-CoV-2', 'Tuberculosis']
| 32,917,293
|
[['B04.820.578.500.540.150.113'], ['C01.748.214', 'C01.748.610.763.500', 'C01.925.705.500', 'C01.925.782.600.550.200.163', 'C08.381.677.807.500', 'C08.730.214', 'C08.730.610.763.500'], ['E02.760.169', 'N02.421.585.169', 'N04.590.233.727.210'], ['C01.925.782.600.550.200'], ['E05.318.740.388', 'H01.548.832.625', 'N04.452.289', 'N05.715.360.750.344', 'N06.850.520.830.375'], ['H02.403.371', 'N01.400.337'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N06.850.290.200.600'], ['C01.748.610.763', 'C01.925.705', 'C08.381.677.807', 'C08.730.610.763'], ['B04.820.578.500.540.150.113.968'], ['C01.150.252.410.040.552.846']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
[Detection of urinary polyamine by a new enzymatic differential assay. (II). Comparison with conventional method].
|
A new method of determining urinary polyamine concentration was compared with other techniques, namely, high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) and a polyamine test-enzyme kit. The values obtained by the new method, HPLC, and polyamine test-enzyme kit correlated well for all the fractions: diamine, spermidine and spermine. The correlation between the new method and the polyamine test-enzyme kit gave r = 0.9702, y = 1.1359x + 5.1266 (n = 48).
|
['Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'Diamines', 'Humans', 'Methods', 'Oxidoreductases Acting on CH-NH Group Donors', 'Polyamines', 'Reagent Kits, Diagnostic', 'Spermidine', 'Spermine']
| 3,728,239
|
[['E05.196.181.400.300'], ['D02.092.782.258'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.581'], ['D08.811.682.662'], ['D02.092.782'], ['D27.505.259.875', 'D27.720.470.410.680', 'E07.720'], ['D02.092.211.415.701.801', 'D02.092.782.677'], ['D02.092.211.415.701.801.821', 'D02.092.782.802']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Outcome of very-low-birth-weight infants who received epinephrine in the delivery room.
|
BACKGROUND: In recent years, there has been an increase in the number of very low birth weight (VLBW) infants and an improvement in their survival. However, there are no specific recommendations regarding the use of resuscitative efforts for VLBW infants, and there is scant data in the literature on morbidity and mortality in relation to epinephrine administration. Due to the vulnerability of VLBW infants, studies that examine the effects and consequences of cardiovascular resuscitation and epinephrine administration are needed.STUDY AIM: The objective of this study is to determine the outcome of VLBW infants, who received epinephrine in the delivery room.METHODS: Medical records of VLBW infants admitted to neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) from 1999 to 2007 were reviewed, and infants who received epinephrine in the delivery room were identified and included in the study.RESULTS: Infants who received epinephrine are smaller in terms of gestational age and birth weight and have decreased survival. After adjusting for gestational age and birth weight, infants who received epinephrine presented lower 1 and 5 min APGAR (Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity, Respiration) scores, more respiratory distress syndrome, lower survival (26% vs. 43%, p<0.01) and lower survival without severe brain injury (17% vs. 32%, p<0.01).CONCLUSIONS: VLBW infants, who require epinephrine in the delivery room, are smaller in terms of gestational age and birth weight. The requirement of epinephrine in the delivery room during resuscitation may be associated to worst outcomes and decreased survival without severe brain injury. These findings lead to more questions on how aggressive resuscitation efforts should be for these infants.
|
['Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation', 'Delivery Rooms', 'Epinephrine', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Heart Arrest', 'Humans', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Infant, Very Low Birth Weight', 'Intensive Care Units, Neonatal', 'Male', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Sympathomimetics', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 21,272,985
|
[['E02.365.647.110'], ['N02.278.388.150'], ['D02.033.100.291.310', 'D02.092.063.291.310', 'D02.092.211.215.454', 'D02.092.311.461', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.175.461'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['C14.280.383'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['M01.060.703.520.460.600'], ['N02.278.388.493.390.380'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['D27.505.696.663.050.870'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Mapping of functional regions in the amino-terminal portion of the herpes simplex virus ICP27 regulatory protein: importance of the leucine-rich nuclear export signal and RGG Box RNA-binding domain.
|
Infected-cell protein 27 (ICP27) is an essential herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) regulatory protein that activates a subset of viral delayed-early and late genes, at least in part through posttranscriptional mechanisms. Previous studies have shown that the amino (N)-terminal half of the protein contains important functional regions, including a leucine-rich nuclear export signal (NES). However, to date, the phenotype of an HSV-1 ICP27 NES mutant has not been reported. In this study, we engineered and characterized dLeu, an HSV-1 deletion mutant that specifically lacks ICP27's NES (amino acids 6 to 19). The phenotype of dLeu was analyzed alongside those of eight other ICP27 N-terminal deletion mutants. We found that in Vero cells, dLeu displays modest defects in viral gene expression and an approximately 100-fold reduction in the production of viral progeny. Unlike wild-type (WT) ICP27, which exhibits a cytoplasmic distribution in addition to its predominant nuclear localization, dLeu ICP27 is highly restricted to the cell nucleus. This strongly suggests that the N-terminal leucine-rich sequence functions as an NES during viral infection. Our analysis of dLeu and the other mutants has enabled us to genetically define the regions in the N-terminal 200 residues of ICP27 which are required for efficient viral growth in Vero cells. Only two regions appear to be important: (i) the leucine-rich NES and (ii) the RGG box RNA-binding domain, encoded by residues 139 to 153. A virus lacking the RGG box-encoding sequence, d4-5, has a phenotype similar to that of dLeu in that it displays modest defects in viral gene expression and grows poorly. Interestingly, deletion of both the NES and RGG box, as well as the sequences in between, is lethal. The resulting virus, d1-5, displays severe defects in viral gene expression and DNA synthesis and is unable to produce significant amounts of infectious progeny. Therefore, the N-terminal portion of ICP27 contains at least two functional domains which collectively are absolutely essential for viral infection.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Animals', 'Base Sequence', 'Binding Sites', 'Cell Nucleus', 'Chlorocebus aethiops', 'DNA Replication', 'DNA, Viral', 'Gene Expression', 'Genes, Viral', 'Immediate-Early Proteins', 'Leucine', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Mutation', 'Peptide Mapping', 'Protein Structure, Tertiary', 'RNA, Viral', 'Sequence Deletion', 'Simplexvirus', 'Vero Cells']
| 12,414,929
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['B01.050'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['G02.111.570.120'], ['A11.284.430.106', 'A11.284.430.214.190.875.117'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.199.120.126.110'], ['G02.111.225', 'G05.226'], ['D13.444.308.568'], ['G05.297'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.364.875', 'G05.360.340.358.024.875', 'G05.360.340.358.840.500'], ['D12.776.460', 'D12.776.964.925.968'], ['D12.125.070.637', 'D12.125.142.441'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G05.365.590'], ['E05.196.181.400.454.720', 'E05.196.401.319.720', 'E05.196.700', 'E05.393.760.705.685'], ['G02.111.570.820.709.610'], ['D13.444.735.828'], ['G05.365.590.762', 'G05.558.800'], ['B04.280.382.100.750'], ['A11.251.210.955', 'A11.436.955']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Functional consequence of a novel Y129C mutation in a patient with two contradictory melanocortin-2-receptor mutations.
|
CONTEXT: Familial glucocorticoid deficiency (FGD) is a rare autosomal recessive disease, characterised by isolated glucocorticoid deficiency in the absence of mineralocorticoid deficiency. Inactivating mutations in the ACTH receptor (melanocortin-2-receptor, MC2R) are well described and account for approximately 25% of cases. By contrast, activating MC2R mutations are extremely rare.PATIENT: We report a child of Saudi Arabian origin who was diagnosed with FGD following hypoglycaemic episodes that resulted in spastic quadriplegia.METHODS AND RESULTS: MC2R gene analysis revealed an unusual combination of two homozygous missense mutations, consisting of the novel mutation Y129C and the previously described F278C activating mutation. Parents were heterozygous at both of these sites. In vitro analysis of the Y129C mutation using a fluorescent cell surface assay showed that this mutant was unable to reach the cell surface in CHO cells stably transfected with MC2R accessory protein (MRAP), despite the demonstration of an interaction with MRAP by co-immunoprecipitation. The double mutant Y129C-F278C also failed to traffic to the cell surface.CONCLUSION: The tyrosine residue at position 129 in the second intracellular loop is critical in MC2R folding and/or trafficking to the cell surface. Furthermore, the absence of cell surface expression of MC2R would account for the lack of activation of the receptor due to the F278C mutation located at the C-terminal tail. We provide a novel molecular explanation for a child with two opposing mutations causing severe FGD.
|
['Adrenocorticotropic Hormone', 'Alleles', 'Animals', 'Blotting, Western', 'CHO Cells', 'Cell Line', 'Cricetinae', 'Cricetulus', 'DNA Mutational Analysis', 'Humans', 'Immunoprecipitation', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Microscopy, Confocal', 'Mutation', 'Protein Folding', 'Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 2', 'Receptors, Cell Surface', 'Receptors, Glucocorticoid']
| 19,151,134
|
[['D06.472.699.327.935.531.500', 'D06.472.699.631.525.600.531.500', 'D12.644.400.400.935.531.500', 'D12.644.548.365.935.531.500', 'D12.644.548.691.525.690.531.500', 'D12.776.631.650.405.935.531.500'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.030'], ['B01.050'], ['E05.196.401.143', 'E05.301.300.096', 'E05.478.566.320.200', 'E05.601.262', 'E05.601.470.320.200'], ['A11.251.210.200', 'A11.436.155'], ['A11.251.210'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.075.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.075.250.250'], ['E05.393.760.700.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.196.150.639', 'E05.478.605'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['E01.370.350.515.395', 'E05.595.395'], ['G05.365.590'], ['G01.154.651', 'G02.111.688'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.430.750', 'D12.776.543.750.720.600.285.500.750', 'D12.776.543.750.750.555.285.500.750', 'D12.776.543.750.750.660.285.500.750'], ['D12.776.543.750'], ['D12.776.826.750.430']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Alterations of interferon production in a mouse model of thermal injury.
|
The effect of thermal injury on the response of interferon (IFN) production in vivo and in vitro after stimulation with eight representative inducers was investigated in a mouse model. The response of mice to immune IFN (IFN-gamma) inducers, staphylococcal enterotoxin A, concanavalin A, and a specific antigen for BCG-sensitized lymphocytes (purified protein derivative) was impaired after a 30% total body surface area third-degree burn. Suppression of IFN-gamma production was observed at day 2 and persisted until day 7 after burn. Decreased IFN-gamma production correlated closely with the percentage of total body surface area burned. When virus type IFN (IFN-alpha/beta) inducers, Newcastle disease virus, polyriboinosinic-polyribocytidylic acid, 10-carboxymethyl-9-acridanone, and E. coli endotoxin, were administered to mice, no change in IFN response was observed after thermal injury. Similar results were obtained when spleen cells obtained from thermally injured mice were stimulated with IFN-gamma inducers in vitro. These studies suggest that although the capacity for IFN-alpha/beta production remains intact in thermally injured mice, IFN-gamma production may be selectively decreased in burned animals and in their spleen cells.
|
['Animals', 'Burns', 'Concanavalin A', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Immune Tolerance', 'Interferon Inducers', 'Interferons', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred BALB C', 'Newcastle disease virus', 'Poly I-C', 'Staphylococcal Protein A', 'Time Factors', 'Tuberculin']
| 6,181,145
|
[['B01.050'], ['C26.200'], ['D12.776.503.499.500', 'D12.776.765.678.500'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['G12.535.425'], ['D27.505.696.477.828'], ['D12.644.276.374.440', 'D12.776.467.374.440', 'D23.529.374.440'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.338', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.338'], ['B04.820.480.937.600.650.070.600'], ['D13.695.578.550.560.600', 'D13.695.578.550.650.600'], ['D12.776.097.820', 'D23.050.161.821'], ['G01.910.857'], ['D23.050.161.845']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Rotator cuff ruptures with predominant involvement of the subscapular tendon].
|
Among the all rotator cuff tears, the subscapularis lesions are quite rare. But a careful analysis leads to recognize them specially in case of antero-medial impingement between the coracoid process and the head of the humerus. This study of 25 observations where the rupture of the subscapularis was the predominant lesion, allows to emphasize some characteristics of them. The patients are often younger than for the other ruptures, a traumatic experience is not rare at the beginning of the history, the pain is usually the first symptom before the functional disability, the alterations of the rotator-interval and of the biceps tendon are very frequent, the arthroscanner is a very good help for the diagnosis and satisfying stitches are possible in case of early diagnoses. Lastly, the prognosis of these limited lesions is quite different than the one of very large cuff tears including the suscapularis tendon.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Rotator Cuff', 'Rotator Cuff Injuries', 'Shoulder Injuries', 'Tendon Injuries']
| 7,805,504
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['A02.633.567.912', 'A02.880.700'], ['C26.761.340', 'C26.803.063', 'C26.874.400'], ['C26.803'], ['C26.874']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Recruitment and retention of GI nurses: hiring, firing, and surviving.
|
Nursing turnover is costly for GI units, both financially and emotionally. The emphasis at Duke University Medical Center is changing from recruitment of GI nurses to searching for methods of retaining staff and building team morale. Recruitment and retention survey results are discussed in this article and retention strategies presented.
|
['Career Mobility', 'Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal', 'Hospital Units', 'Job Satisfaction', 'Nursing Staff, Hospital', 'Personnel Management', 'Personnel Turnover', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Workforce']
| 8,218,449
|
[['N01.824.245.175', 'N01.824.547.330'], ['E01.370.372.250.250', 'E01.370.388.250.250.250', 'E04.210.240.250', 'E04.502.250.250.250'], ['N02.278.388'], ['F02.784.692.425'], ['M01.526.485.680.490', 'M01.526.485.740.523', 'N02.360.680.490', 'N02.360.740.523'], ['N04.452.677'], ['N04.452.677.680'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['N04.452.525']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Liver Transplantation and Abuse of Drugs and Alcohol: A Correlation Between Scales of the MMPI-2.
|
BACKGROUND: Clinical practice requires an accurate psychological assessment of subjects with clinical history of alcohol abuse and/or substance abuse (abuse history [AH]) for therapeutic choice. This study aims to identify significant correlations between the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)-2 scales in patients awaiting liver transplantation.METHODS: We evaluated a personality questionnaire containing MMPI-2 scales in the sample of 308 patients (81.8% males and 18.2% females) awaiting liver transplantation. The AH group composed 44.49% of patients and in the abuse free (AF) group, 55.51%. Scales were compared using Shapiro-Wilk test and Mann-Whitney U test. Interrelationships were examined using Spearman's correlation.RESULTS: This analysis found 27 scales of the MMPI-2 that were statistically different between 2 groups (AF and AH). In the AH group, we found a significant correlation between the following pairs of scales: Schizophrenia Scale (Sc) with the Addictions Potential Scale, Social Introversion scale (Si) with the Psychopathic Deviate scale (Pd), and Social Discomfort scale with Pd; the ES scale was negatively correlated with the Sc and Si scales. This interim study showed that the understanding of these indicators is crucial both for the assessment accuracy and for a prediction of the degree of therapy compliance after the transplantation.CONCLUSIONS: The scales of the MMPI-2 indicated a marked tendency to emotional rigidity, a lack of self-esteem and susceptibility judgment. Social introversion and social discomfort trends lead to impulsive behavior and deviant actions that combine poorly with good compliance with treatment.
|
['Alcoholism', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Liver Transplantation', 'MMPI', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Patient Compliance', 'Personality', 'Substance-Related Disorders', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Waiting Lists']
| 27,109,962
|
[['C25.775.100.250', 'F03.900.100.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.095.147.725.490', 'E04.210.650', 'E04.936.450.490', 'E04.936.580.490'], ['F04.711.647.513.607'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['F01.100.150.750.500.600', 'F01.145.488.887.500.600', 'N05.300.150.800.500.600'], ['F01.752'], ['C25.775', 'F03.900'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['N04.452.095.738']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Yellow fever outbreak affecting Alouatta populations in southern Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul State), 2008-2009.
|
The natural transmission cycle of Yellow Fever (YF) involves tree hole breeding mosquitoes and a wide array of nonhuman primates (NHP), including monkeys and apes. Some Neotropical monkeys (howler monkeys, genus Alouatta) develop fatal YF virus (YFV) infections similar to those reported in humans, even with minimum exposure to the infection. Epizootics in wild primates may be indicating YFV circulation, and the surveillance of such outbreaks in wildlife is an important tool to help prevent human infection. In 2001, surveillance activities successfully identified YF-related death in a black-and-gold howler monkey (Alouatta caraya), Rio Grande do Sul State (RGS) in southern Brazil, and the YFV was isolated from a species of forest-dwelling mosquito (Haemagogus leucocelaenus). These findings led the State Secretariat of Health to initiate a monitoring program for YF and other 18 arboviral infections in Alouatta monkeys. The monitoring program included monkey captures, reporting of monkey casualties by municipalities, and subsequent investigations. If monkey carcasses were found in forests, samples were collected in a standardized manner and this practice resulted in increased reporting of outbreaks. In October 2008, a single howler monkey in a northwestern RGS municipality was confirmed to have died from YF. From October 2008 to June 2009, 2,013 monkey deaths were reported (830 A. caraya and 1,183 A. guariba clamitans). Viruses isolation in blood, viscera, and/or immunohistochemistry led to the detection of YF in 204 of 297 (69%) (154 A. g. clamitans and 50 A. caraya) dead Alouatta monkeys tested. The number of municipalities with confirmed YFV circulation in howlers increased from 2 to 67 and 21 confirmed human cases occurred. This surveillance system was successful in identifying the largest YF outbreak affecting wild NHP ever recorded.
|
['Alouatta', 'Animals', 'Brazil', 'Disease Outbreaks', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Monkey Diseases', 'Yellow Fever']
| 22,020,690
|
[['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.600.075.050.075'], ['B01.050'], ['Z01.107.757.176'], ['N06.850.290'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C22.735.500'], ['C01.920.500.980', 'C01.925.081.980', 'C01.925.782.350.250.980', 'C01.925.782.417.881']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Right heart free-floating thrombus in a pregnant woman with massive pulmonary embolism: a case of 'emboli in transit'.
|
The mainstay of treatment for massive pulmonary embolism in nonpregnant individuals is urgent thrombolytic therapy, but experience with these drugs in pregnancy is limited. We report a case of a 36-year-old woman at 27 weeks' gestation who was admitted with a massive, life-threatening pulmonary embolism. The diagnosis was rapidly accomplished in the coronary care unit by transthoracic echocardiography that showed signs of pulmonary hypertension as well as a large, free-floating thrombus in the right heart. As she was hemodynamically unstable, we started treatment with tissue plasminogen activator resulting in complete resolution of cardiorespiratory symptoms. A live baby was delivered by Caesarean section at 37 weeks of gestation, and no complications were seen during the 1-year follow-up. The present case report emphasizes the pivotal role of repeat echocardiography in clinical decision-making and the life-saving potential of thrombolytic therapy without serious adverse effects.
|
['Adult', 'Cesarean Section', 'Echocardiography', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Pregnancy', 'Pulmonary Embolism', 'Thrombolytic Therapy', 'Thrombosis', 'Tissue Plasminogen Activator', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 21,135,590
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E04.520.252.500'], ['E01.370.350.130.750', 'E01.370.350.850.220', 'E01.370.370.380.220'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['C08.381.746', 'C14.907.355.350.700'], ['E02.319.913'], ['C14.907.355.830'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.760.875', 'D08.811.277.656.959.350.875', 'D12.776.124.125.662.768', 'D23.119.970'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Electrophysiological correlates of voice memory for young and old speakers in young and old listeners.
|
Faces of one's own-age group are easier to recognize than other-age faces. Using behavioral measures and EEG, we studied whether an own-age bias (OAB) also exists in voice memory. Young (19 - 26 years) and old (60-75 years) participants studied young (18-25 years) and old (60-77 years) unfamiliar voices from short sentences. Subsequently, they classified studied and novel voices as "old" (i.e. studied) or "new", from the same sentences. Recognition performance was higher in young compared to old participants, and for old compared to young voices, with no OAB. At the same time, we found evidence for higher distinctiveness of old compared to young voices, both in terms of acoustic measures and subjective ratings (independent of rater age). Analyses of event-related brain potentials (ERPs) indicated more negative-going deflections (400-1000ms) for old compared to young voices in young participants. In old participants, we observed a reversed OLD/NEW memory effect, with overall more positive amplitudes for novel compared to studied old (but not young) voices (400-1000ms). Time-frequency analyses revealed less beta power (16-26Hz) for young compared to old voices at left anterior sites, and also reduced beta power for correctly recognized studied (compared to novel) voices at left posterior sites (300-900ms). These findings could suggest an engagement of cortical areas during stimulus-specific recollection from about 300ms, in a task that emphasized the analysis of individual acoustic features.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aging', 'Auditory Perception', 'Correlation of Data', 'Electroencephalography', 'Evoked Potentials', 'Female', 'Hearing', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Memory', 'Middle Aged', 'Recognition, Psychology', 'Time Factors', 'Voice', 'Young Adult']
| 28,802,769
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['G07.345.124'], ['F02.463.593.071', 'G07.888.125'], ['H01.548.832.500'], ['E01.370.376.300', 'E01.370.405.245'], ['G07.265.216.500', 'G11.561.200.500'], ['F02.830.816.263', 'G07.888.500', 'G11.561.790.263'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F02.463.425.540'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['F02.463.425.540.706'], ['G01.910.857'], ['G09.772.925'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Cognitive abilities and lipomyelomeningocele.
|
Ten children with lipomyelomeningocele were evaluated with the WISC--R, the Wide Range Achievement Test--Revised, the Developmental Test of Visual-motor Integration, and the Child Behavior Checklist. These children were consecutive referrals to a birth defects clinic. Unlike their meningomyelocele counterparts, as a group these children appear to be average in their intellectual, academic, and behavioral characteristics. However, they exhibited low average perceptual motor skills, a feature more commonly seen in meningomyelocele.
|
['Child', 'Cognition Disorders', 'Educational Status', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Intelligence', 'Lipoma', 'Lumbar Vertebrae', 'Male', 'Meningomyelocele', 'Neuropsychological Tests', 'Sacrum', 'Spina Bifida Occulta', 'Spinal Neoplasms']
| 8,234,598
|
[['M01.060.406'], ['F03.615.250'], ['N01.824.196'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.752.543'], ['C04.557.450.550.400'], ['A02.835.232.834.519'], ['C10.500.680.610', 'C16.131.666.680.610'], ['F04.711.513'], ['A02.835.232.834.717'], ['C10.500.680.800.750', 'C16.131.666.680.800.750'], ['C04.588.149.828', 'C05.116.231.828', 'C05.116.900.801']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Candidate gene analysis for determinacy in pigeonpea (Cajanus spp.).
|
KEY MESSAGE: We report a likely candidate gene, CcTFL1, for determinacy in pigeonpea through candidate gene sequencing analysis, mapping, QTL analysis together with comparative genomics and expression profiling. Pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) is the sixth most important legume crop grown on ~5 million hectares globally. Determinacy is an agronomically important trait selected during pigeonpea domestication. In the present study, seven genes related to determinacy/flowering pattern in pigeonpea were isolated through a comparative genomics approach. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis of these candidate genes on 142 pigeonpea lines found a strong association of SNPs with the determinacy trait for three of the genes. Subsequently, QTL analysis highlighted one gene, CcTFL1, as a likely candidate for determinacy in pigeonpea since it explained 45-96 % of phenotypic variation for determinacy, 45 % for flowering time and 77 % for plant height. Comparative genomics analysis of CcTFL1 with the soybean (Glycine max) and common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) genomes at the micro-syntenic level further enhanced our confidence in CcTFL1 as a likely candidate gene. These findings have been validated by expression analysis that showed down regulation of CcTFL1 in a determinate line in comparison to an indeterminate line. Gene-based markers developed in the present study will allow faster manipulation of the determinacy trait in future breeding programs of pigeonpea and will also help in the development of markers for these traits in other related legume species.
|
['Base Sequence', 'Cajanus', 'Chromosome Mapping', 'Comparative Genomic Hybridization', 'Flowers', 'Gene Expression Profiling', 'Genes, Plant', 'Genetic Linkage', 'Genotype', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Phaseolus', 'Phenotype', 'Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide', 'Quantitative Trait Loci', 'Soybeans']
| 25,331,300
|
[['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.401.094'], ['E05.393.183'], ['E05.393.285.240', 'E05.393.520.500', 'E05.393.661.187'], ['A18.024.249.500'], ['E05.393.332'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.393', 'G05.360.340.365.500'], ['G05.348'], ['G05.380'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.401.649'], ['G05.695'], ['G05.365.795.598'], ['G05.360.340.024.380.937'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.401.750']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Assessment of unmet needs and the lack of generalizability in the design of randomized controlled trials for scleroderma treatment.
|
OBJECTIVE: To determine the generalizability of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in the treatment of systemic sclerosis (SSc) using the Canadian Scleroderma Research Group (CSRG) database.METHODS: We identified articles related to SSc published from 1958 to 2006. Key points on trial design were recorded. The inclusion/exclusion criteria were used in conjunction with the CSRG database to determine the proportion of patients with SSc who would theoretically be eligible for these trials. Articles were classified into subcategories according to the target system. The CSRG database contains 438 patients with SSc from 14 Canadian centers. Results were in median (%) and mean (%) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs).RESULTS: In total, 210 articles were evaluated and 73 were selected for inclusion in this study. The mean percentage of eligible patients with SSc associated with other conditions was 35% (95% CI 17-53) for Raynaud's phenomenon, 24% (95% CI 1-47) for digital ulcers, 48% (95% CI 27-68) for gastrointestinal (GI) involvement, 32% (95% CI 20-43) for overall disease modification, 6% (95% CI 4-8) for pulmonary arterial hypertension, 2% (95% CI 0-4) for interstitial lung disease, and 38% (95% CI 12-64) for other categories.CONCLUSION: Except for GI trials, <38% of the identified patients with SSc would have been suitable to enter the RCTs. Although some patients would be ineligible because they lack certain organ involvement, RCTs designed to include appropriate patients with SSc are needed; there are few proven treatments and trials typically do not include the majority of those who could potentially benefit from the intervention.
|
['Data Interpretation, Statistical', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic', 'Research Design', 'Scleroderma, Systemic', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 18,438,906
|
[['E05.245.380', 'E05.318.740.300', 'L01.313.500.750.190.380', 'N05.715.360.750.300', 'N06.850.520.830.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.372.250.250.365.500', 'N05.715.360.330.250.250.365.500', 'N06.850.520.450.250.250.365.500'], ['E05.581.500', 'H01.770.644.728'], ['C17.300.799', 'C17.800.784'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette Gu?rin-mediated up-regulation of the human cathelicidin LL-37 in A549 cells.
|
The human cathelicidin LL-37 is one of the major antimicrobial peptides of the non-specific innate immune system in Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Its expression has been reported in epithelial cells infected with mycobacteria. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms by which Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Gu?rin (BCG) triggers gene transcription of cathelicidin have not been elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the M. bovis BCG-mediated up-regulation of the antimicrobial peptide cathelicidin LL-37 in human epithelial cells. Infection of A549 cells with M. bovis BCG led to a rapid ROS production. Importantly, blockade of ROS by preincubation of cells with the general ROS scavenger N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) or the NADPH oxidase inhibitor DPI significantly reduced M. bovis BCG-induced up-regulation of cathelicidin LL-37 mRNA expression as determined by semi-quantitative RT-PCR or real-time PCR. In contrast, the xanthine oxidase inhibitor allopurinol did not affect M. bovis BCG-mediated up-regulation of cathelicidin LL-37 mRNA. Moreover, M. bovis BCG-mediated cathelicidin LL-37 mRNA expression was significantly blocked by the effect of the mitochondrial electron transfer chain subunit I inhibitor rotenone and H(2)O(2) scavenging enzyme catalase. In addition, M. bovis BCG-induced cathelicidin LL-37 protein secretion was inhibited by the addition of NAC, DPI, and the selective inhibitor of NADPH oxidase apocynin. Our results collectively indicate that M. bovis BCG-mediated up-regulation of cathelicidin is influenced by NADPH/ROS signaling pathways. In conclusion, these findings demonstrate a novel regulatory mechanism for the expression of cathelicidin LL-37 in human epithelial cells stimulated with M. bovis BCG.
|
['Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides', 'Cell Line', 'Epithelial Cells', 'Gene Expression Profiling', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Humans', 'Mycobacterium bovis', 'Reactive Oxygen Species', 'Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Up-Regulation']
| 19,729,059
|
[['D12.644.050', 'D12.776.543.695.054'], ['A11.251.210'], ['A11.436'], ['E05.393.332'], ['G05.308'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['B03.510.024.962.500.402', 'B03.510.460.400.410.552.552.402'], ['D01.339.431', 'D01.650.775'], ['E05.393.620.500.725'], ['G02.111.905', 'G05.308.850', 'G07.690.773.998']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Immunohistochemical molecular gene expression profile of metastatic brain tumor as a potent personalized medicine.
|
Recent progress in molecule-targeting therapy may yield personalized therapeutic strategies for patients with metastatic brain tumors (MBT), the most frequently encountered intracranial tumors. For this purpose, we investigated the molecular expression profile of MBT to establish the pathological basis for personalized diagnosis. We studied 166 MBT specimens including 70 cases of lung cancer and 34 cases of breast cancer, and performed immunostaining for EGFR, COX-2, and O-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT), among others, which could be target molecules for therapeutic agents or enable prediction of drug efficacy. Loss of MGMT expression was observed in approximately 20-40% of MBT derived from lung, breast, and gastrointestinal cancers, indicating the possibility of treatment of MBT patients with temozolomide. In addition, MBT expressed a variety of receptor tyrosine kinases, for example EGFR and HER2, and signal transduction molecules, for example phospho-mTOR and COX-2, irrespective of tumor origin, enabling individualized medication with molecule-targeting drugs. We also identified alteration of molecular expression profile in 4 MBT cases during recurrence. Our results not only reveal the molecular characteristics of MBT but also suggest the possibility of potent personalized medicine for MBT patients.
|
['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating', 'Brain', 'Brain Neoplasms', 'DNA Modification Methylases', 'DNA Repair Enzymes', 'Dacarbazine', 'ErbB Receptors', 'Female', 'Gene Expression Profiling', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic', 'Humans', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Molecular Targeted Therapy', 'Precision Medicine', 'Receptor, ErbB-2', 'Temozolomide', 'Tumor Suppressor Proteins']
| 23,180,004
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['D27.505.519.124.035', 'D27.505.954.248.150', 'D27.888.569.035.035'], ['A08.186.211'], ['C04.588.614.250.195', 'C10.228.140.211', 'C10.551.240.250'], ['D08.811.150.240', 'D08.811.913.555.500.350'], ['D08.811.074'], ['D02.925.200', 'D03.383.129.308.240'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.400.009', 'D12.776.543.750.630.009', 'D12.776.543.750.750.400.074'], ['E05.393.332'], ['G05.308.370'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E02.319.574'], ['E02.782', 'H02.403.200.700'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.400.009.400', 'D12.776.543.750.630.009.400', 'D12.776.543.750.750.400.074.400', 'D12.776.624.664.700.642', 'D23.050.301.500.600.700', 'D23.050.705.552.600.550', 'D23.101.140.642'], ['D02.925.200.500', 'D03.383.129.308.240.500'], ['D12.776.624.776']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Physical activity, symptoms of chest pain and dyspnea in patients with ischemic heart disease in relation to age before and two years after coronary artery bypass grafting.
|
BACKGROUND: To describe limitation of physical activity, cause of limitation of physical activity and symptoms of dyspnea and chest pain in relation to age before and 2 years after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).METHODS: All patients from Western Sweden who underwent CABG without concomitant procedures during 3 years in 1989-1991 answered questionnaires before, and 2 years after the operation. Patients were divided into 3 age groups of equal size i.e. 32-59 years, 60-67 years and > or = 68 years.RESULTS: In total, 2121 patients participated in the evaluation. The overall 2 year mortality in the 3 age groups was 3.8%, 6.8% and 12.2% (p<0.001). Limitation of physical activity was significantly associated with age prior to surgery but not thereafter. Improvement in physical activity, following CABG, was significant in all age groups. The proportion of patients being free of dyspnea increased markedly regardless of age. The number of chest pain attacks was associated with age after CABG, i.e. fewer attacks in the elderly, but such an association was not found prior to surgery. Improvement in number of chest pain attacks was more marked in the elderly.CONCLUSIONS: Physical activity improved similarly in all age groups after CABG. Attacks of chest pain, although significantly reduced in all age groups, seemed more effectively reduced in the elderly.
|
['Adult', 'Age Factors', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Angina Pectoris', 'Coronary Artery Bypass', 'Dyspnea', 'Exercise', 'Exercise Tolerance', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Myocardial Ischemia', 'Prospective Studies', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Time Factors']
| 11,292,928
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['C14.280.647.187', 'C14.907.585.187', 'C23.888.592.612.233.500'], ['E04.100.376.719.332', 'E04.100.814.868.750', 'E04.928.220.520.220'], ['C08.618.326', 'C23.888.852.371'], ['G11.427.410.698.277', 'I03.350'], ['G11.427.680.270'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C14.280.647', 'C14.907.585'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
[Expression and activation of insulin receptor substrate-1 in endometrial carcinoma].
|
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the mRNA, protein expression and tyrosine phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) in endometrial carcinoma.METHODS: Sixty-three endometrial carcinoma (EC) patients, 21 endometrial atypical hyperplasia (AHE) patients and 22 normal control (NE) entered this study. Their clinical information were collected. Fasting serum C-peptide concentration was measured. Expression of IRS-1 in endometrium was examined by RT-PCR and western blot. Immunoprecipitation was used to measure the tyrosine phosphorylation of IRS-1.RESULTS: C-peptide concentration in EC group was higher than that in NE group [(3.2 +/- 1.1) vs (2.5 +/- 0.7) microg/L, P=0.007]. There were no significant differences in IRS-1 mRNA and protein expression among the three groups. Tyrosine phosphorylation of IRS-1 in EC group [(62 +/- 36) %] was higher than that in AHE and NE groups [(53 +/-34)% and (35 +/- 33)%; P=0.048, 0.002]. IRS-1 activation in AHE group was also higher than normal control (P=0.045). IRS-1 activation in endometrioid carcinoma [(69 +/- 33) %] was higher than that in other histological types [(34 +/- 31)%; t=2.300, P=0.025]. IRS-1 tyrosine phosphorylation was significantly higher in patients with advanced stage, high grade, deep myometrial invasion and pelvic lymph node metastasis. IRS-1 activation in endometrium was positively correlated with fasting serum C-peptide concentration (r=0.491, P=0.001).CONCLUSIONS: There is excessive activation of IRS-1 in endometrial carcinoma and atypical hyperplasia. Activation of IRS-1 in endometrial carcinoma is related with poor clinical-pathologic features and may be a prognostic predictor for this tumor. Over-activation of IRS-1 may be an intermediate event linking the hyperinsulinemia and endometrial carcinoma.
|
['Adenocarcinoma', 'C-Peptide', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Endometrial Hyperplasia', 'Endometrial Neoplasms', 'Endometrium', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins', 'Lymphatic Metastasis', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasm Staging', 'Phosphorylation', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Tyrosine']
| 19,035,139
|
[['C04.557.470.200.025'], ['D06.472.699.587.200.500.250', 'D12.644.548.586.200.500.250'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['C13.351.500.852.228'], ['C04.588.945.418.948.585', 'C13.351.500.852.762.200', 'C13.351.937.418.875.200'], ['A05.360.319.679.490'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.644.360.024.301', 'D12.776.157.057.045', 'D12.776.476.024.382'], ['C04.697.650.560', 'C23.550.727.650.560'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.789.625'], ['G02.111.665', 'G02.607.780', 'G03.796'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['E05.393.620.500.725'], ['D12.125.072.050.875']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
FABP2, LEPR223, LEP656, and FTO Polymorphisms: Effect on Weight Loss 2 Years After Bariatric Surgery.
|
PURPOSE: Differences in weight loss outcomes after bariatric surgery may be related to individual preoperative characteristics. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential effect of fatty acid binding protein-2 (rs1799883), leptin receptor (LEP223, rs1137101 and LEP656, rs1805094), and fat mass and obesity-related (rs9939609) genotypes on weight loss 2 years after bariatric surgery in Brazilian patients.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Prospective observational study involving 105 patients (lost to follow-up, 25.7%). In the preoperative period, patients were clinically evaluated and a fasting blood sample for genetic analysis (by real-time DNA amplification technique) was collected. From the patient's medical records, follow-up weight loss (3, 6, 12, 24 months) was obtained. Percentage of excess weight loss (%EWL) was examined by pairwise comparison across the polymorphisms.RESULTS: At baseline, the mean weight was 127.5 (23.3) kg and age 43.1 (10.9) years old. The %EWL was significant over time (p < 0.01). Only the LEP223 genotype showed association (p < 0.01). Up to 6 months after surgery, no differences were observed. At 12 months, a significant difference (p = 0.03) between AA (n = 19) and GG (n = 34) groups was observed, with 76.5% EWL versus 52.0%, respectively. This difference remained at 24 months. Other genotypes did not present any significant association.CONCLUSIONS: There is a different evolution of weight loss in carriers of the LEP223 after bariatric surgery. The AA genotype seems to be associated with a higher weight loss. However, this pattern was evident only at 12 months after surgery.
|
['Adult', 'Alpha-Ketoglutarate-Dependent Dioxygenase FTO', 'Bariatric Surgery', 'Brazil', 'Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins', 'Genotype', 'Humans', 'Middle Aged', 'Obesity, Morbid', 'Prospective Studies', 'Receptors, Leptin', 'Weight Loss']
| 29,744,713
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D08.811.074.062.968', 'D08.811.682.662.582.242', 'D08.811.682.690.416.139.992'], ['E02.650.500.062', 'E04.062'], ['Z01.107.757.176'], ['D12.776.157.170'], ['G05.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C18.654.726.500.700', 'C23.888.144.699.500.500', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120.699.500.500', 'G07.100.100.160.120.699.500.500'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['D12.776.543.750.650.500'], ['C23.888.144.243.963', 'G07.345.249.314.120.200.963']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
[Lipoatrophia semicircularis in the male. Coincidence of arterial variations and micro-traumas as a possible disease cause].
|
Semicircular lipoatrophy is a new entity with horizontal depressions involving half the circumference of thigh, on the antero-lateral aspect. After seven female patients we observed this condition for the first time in the male. Therefore semicircular lipoatrophy is not specific to the female. The cause could not be determined clinically, nor by biochemical, immunological or histological methods. In our opinion semicircular lipoatrophy represents an ischemic atrophy of the fatty tissue, manifested by repeated microtraumata (corners of wash-basins, dressing tables or desks). The perfusion on the antero-lateral aspect of the thighs is tenous, especially when the course of the lateral femoral circumflex artery varies from the normal. In this case semicircular anastomotic areas become ischemic and horizontal bands of lipoatrophy result.
|
['Adipose Tissue', 'Adult', 'Arteries', 'Atrophy', 'Chronic Disease', 'Diagnosis, Differential', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Regional Blood Flow', 'Skin Diseases', 'Thigh']
| 659,107
|
[['A10.165.114'], ['M01.060.116'], ['A07.015.114'], ['C23.300.070'], ['C23.550.291.500'], ['E01.171'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G09.330.100.780'], ['C17.800'], ['A01.378.610.750']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Kinetic Characterization of PA1225 from Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 Reveals a New NADPH:Quinone Reductase.
|
The pa1225 gene of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain PAO1 was cloned, and the resulting enzyme (PA1225) was purified and revealed to be an NADPH:quinone reductase. By using kinetics, fluorescence, and mass spectrometric analyses, PA1225 was shown to utilize FAD to transfer a hydride ion from NADPH to quinones. The enzyme could also use NADH, but with an efficiency that was 40-fold lower than that of NADPH as suggested by the kcat/ Km values at pH 6.0. Similar initial rates of reaction were determined with 1,4-benzoquinone and 2,6-dimethoxy-1,4-benzoquinone in the range between 25 and 200 ìM, suggesting a low Km value for the quinone-oxidizing substrate. The lack of inhibition by NADP+ versus NADPH at saturating concentrations of 1,4-benzoquinone was consistent with a ping-pong bi-bi mechanism. The reductive half-reaction at pH 6.0 had Kd values of 0.07 mM with NADPH and 1.8 mM with NADH; the kred for flavin reduction was independent of pH with values of ?10 s-1 with NADPH and ?5 s-1 with NADH. Thus, the enzyme specificity for the reducing substrate arises primarily from a tighter binding of NADPH than of NADH. At pH 6.0, the kcat value with NADPH and 1,4-benzoquinone was 10.1 s-1, consistent with the hydride transfer from NADPH to FAD being fully rate limiting for the overall turnover of the enzyme. The enzyme showed negligible NADPH oxidase and azoreductase activities. This study enables annotation of the pa1225 gene as NADPH:quinone reductase, elucidates the enzymatic function of PA1225 in P. aeruginosa PAO1, and establishes that PA1225 is not an azoreductase as previously proposed.
|
['Benzoquinones', 'Flavins', 'Kinetics', 'NAD', 'NAD(P)H Dehydrogenase (Quinone)', 'NADP', 'Oxidation-Reduction', 'Oxidoreductases', 'Pseudomonas aeruginosa', 'Quinones']
| 29,715,013
|
[['D02.806.250'], ['D03.633.100.733.315', 'D03.633.300.507', 'D08.211.474', 'D23.767.405'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['D03.633.100.759.646.138.694', 'D08.211.589', 'D13.695.667.138.694', 'D13.695.827.068.694'], ['D08.811.682.608.800.500'], ['D03.633.100.759.646.138.749', 'D08.211.625', 'D13.695.667.138.749', 'D13.695.827.068.749'], ['G02.700', 'G03.295.531'], ['D08.811.682'], ['B03.440.400.425.625.625.100', 'B03.660.250.580.590.050'], ['D02.806']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Fluorescence turn-on detection of glucose via the Ag nanoparticle mediated release of a perylene probe.
|
A novel fluorescence turn-on strategy for glucose sensing is demonstrated. The fluorescence of a perylene probe could be quenched by the silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs). The Ag NPs could be etched by H2O2 generated from the enzymatic oxidation of glucose. And efficient probe fluorescence recovery was detected.
|
['Chemistry Techniques, Analytical', 'Fluorescent Dyes', 'Glucose', 'Hydrogen Peroxide', 'Metal Nanoparticles', 'Oxidation-Reduction', 'Perylene', 'Silver', 'Spectrometry, Fluorescence']
| 25,763,414
|
[['E05.196'], ['D27.720.233.348', 'D27.720.470.410.505.500'], ['D09.947.875.359.448'], ['D01.248.497.158.685.750.424', 'D01.339.431.374.424', 'D01.650.550.750.400', 'D02.389.338.253'], ['J01.637.512.600.500'], ['G02.700', 'G03.295.531'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.149.700', 'D02.455.426.559.847.680.500', 'D04.615.149.700', 'D04.615.680.500'], ['D01.268.556.812', 'D01.268.956.843', 'D01.552.544.812'], ['E05.196.712.516.600.676', 'E05.196.867.726']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Cross-regulation in Vibrio parahaemolyticus: compensatory activation of polar flagellar genes by the lateral flagellar regulator LafK.
|
Gene organization and hierarchical regulation of the polar flagellar genes of Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio cholerae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa appear highly similar, with one puzzling difference. Two sigma(54)-dependent regulators are required to direct different classes of intermediate flagellar gene expression in V. cholerae and P. aeruginosa, whereas the V. parahaemolyticus homolog of one of these regulators, FlaK, appears dispensable. Here we demonstrate that there is compensatory activation of polar flagellar genes by the lateral flagellar regulator LafK.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Bacterial Proteins', 'DNA-Binding Proteins', 'DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases', 'Flagella', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Mutation', 'Pseudomonas aeruginosa', 'RNA Polymerase Sigma 54', 'Sigma Factor', 'Vibrio cholerae', 'Vibrio parahaemolyticus']
| 15,175,315
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['D12.776.097'], ['D12.776.260'], ['D08.811.913.696.445.735.270'], ['A11.284.180.290'], ['G05.308.300'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G05.365.590'], ['B03.440.400.425.625.625.100', 'B03.660.250.580.590.050'], ['D08.811.913.696.445.735.270.887', 'D12.776.097.698'], ['D12.776.930.800'], ['B03.440.450.900.859.225', 'B03.660.250.830.830.100'], ['B03.440.450.900.859.550', 'B03.660.250.830.830.590']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Pallor of the optic papilla--an early sign of glaucoma. A clinical controlled study of optic disk pallor and papillar cupping in glaucoma simplex, ocular hypertension and normal eyes with the optic nerve head analyzer].
|
Double examinations of 99 eyes (34 healthy, 12 with ocular hypertension, 53 with primary open-angle glaucoma) were performed with the Optic Nerve Head Analyzer to evaluate whether an increase in disk pallor or in the cup-disk ratio (CDR) is the earlier sign of glaucoma. In eyes with primary open-angle glaucoma the CDR and the mean optic disk pallor value are significantly higher than in healthy eyes. There is no significant difference in the CDR of patients with ocular hypertension as compared to normals. However, the mean pallor value is significantly higher in eyes with ocular hypertension than in healthy eyes. Therefore, an increase in pallor may precede a significant increase in the CDR or detectable visual field defects.
|
['Glaucoma, Open-Angle', 'Humans', 'Intraocular Pressure', 'Middle Aged', 'Ocular Hypertension', 'Optic Disk']
| 2,761,191
|
[['C11.525.381.407'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G14.440'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C11.525'], ['A08.800.800.120.680.660', 'A09.371.729.690']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Silicon Alleviates Changes in the Source-Sink Relationship of Wheat Plants Infected by Pyricularia oryzae
|
Blast, caused by Pyricularia oryzae, has become a devastating disease on wheat in several countries worldwide. Growers need alternative methods for blast management, and silicon (Si) stands out for its potential to decrease the intensity of important diseases in several crops. This study investigated the effect of Si on improving photoassimilate production on flag leaves of wheat plants and their partitioning to spikes in a scenario where blast symptoms decreased as a result of potentiation of defense mechanisms by Si. Wheat plants (cultivar BRS Guamirim) were grown in hydroponic culture with 0 or 2 mM Si and inoculated with P. oryzae at 10 days after anthesis. The Si concentration on flag leaves and spikes of Si-supplied plants increased and resulted in lower blast symptoms. High concentrations of total soluble phenols and lignin-thioglycolic acid derivatives and greater peroxidase, polyphenoloxidase, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, â-1,3-glucanase, and chitinase activity occurred on flag leaves and spikes of Si-supplied plants and increased their resistance to blast. The concentration of photosynthetic pigments decreased and the photosynthetic performance of infected flag leaves and spikes from plants not supplied with Si was impaired for chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters including maximal photosystem II quantum efficiency, fraction of energy absorbed used in photochemistry, quantum yield of nonregulated energy dissipation, and quantum yield of regulated energy dissipation. The concentration of soluble sugars was lower on infected flag leaves and spikes from plants not supplied with Si, whereas the hexose-to-sucrose ratio increased on infected flag leaves. Sucrose-phosphate synthase activity was lower and acid invertase activity was higher on flag leaves and spikes of plants not supplied with Si, respectively, compared with Si-supplied plants. The starch concentration on spikes of Si-supplied plants increased. In conclusion, Si showed a beneficial effect in improving the source-sink relationship of infected flag leaves and spikes by preserving alterations in assimilate production and partitioning during the grain filling process.
|
['Ascomycota', 'Chlorophyll A', 'Photosynthesis', 'Plant Diseases', 'Plant Leaves', 'Silicon', 'Triticum']
| 30,794,486
|
[['B01.300.107'], ['D03.383.129.578.840.374.140', 'D03.633.400.909.374.140', 'D04.345.783.374.140'], ['G02.111.158.937', 'G02.111.669.700', 'G02.740.921', 'G03.191.937', 'G03.493.700', 'G03.800.700', 'G15.568'], ['G15.610'], ['A18.024.812'], ['D01.268.513.937'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.822.918']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
On the role of the two extracytoplasmic substrate-binding domains in the ABC transporter OpuA.
|
Members of two transporter families of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) superfamily use two or even four extracytoplasmic substrate-binding domains (SBDs) for transport. We report on the role of the two SBDs in the translocation cycle of the ABC transporter OpuA from Lactococcus lactis. Heterooligomeric OpuA complexes with only one SBD or one functional and one non-functional SBD (inactivated by covalent linkage of a substrate mimic) have been constructed, and the substrate binding and transport kinetics of the purified transporters, reconstituted in liposomes, have been determined. The data indicate that the two SBDs of OpuA interact in a cooperative manner in the translocation process by stimulating either the docking of the SBDs onto the translocator or the delivery of glycine betaine to the translocator. It appears that one of these initial steps, but not the later steps in translocation or resetting of the system to the initial state, is rate determining for transport. These new insights on the functional role of the extracytoplasmic SBDs are discussed in the light of the current knowledge of substrate-binding-protein-dependent ABC transporters.
|
['ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters', 'Adenosine Triphosphatases', 'Bacterial Proteins', 'Betaine', 'Lactococcus lactis', 'Protein Structure, Tertiary']
| 14,609,945
|
[['D12.776.157.530.100', 'D12.776.395.550.020', 'D12.776.543.550.192', 'D12.776.543.585.100'], ['D08.811.277.040.025'], ['D12.776.097'], ['D02.092.877.883.077', 'D02.675.276.125'], ['B03.353.750.737.500.400', 'B03.510.400.800.500.400', 'B03.510.550.737.500.400'], ['G02.111.570.820.709.610']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Effects of acetylcholine on time-dependent currents in sheep cardiac Purkinje fibers.
|
Voltage clamp experiments were carried out on sheep Purkinje fibers to determine the effect of Ach on the time-dependent currents. On the pacemaker current (iK2) Ach 10(-6) mol . l(-1) had the following effects: shift of the activation curve by a few mV in the depolarizing direction, without change in the rectifier ratio. The potential dependence of the time constants for activation and deactivation was influenced in a similar way as the activation curve. Ach had no effect on the positive dynamic current (iqr) of the late plateau outward current (ix). The slow inward current (isi) as well as the transient inward current (T.I.) were reduced in amplitude and slowed in time course by Ach. The changes in pacemaker current are important in explaining the increased rate of diastolic depolarization in the presence of Ach. The decrease of slow inward current by Ach cannot be made responsible for the plateau shift or the prolongation of the action potential.
|
['Acetylcholine', 'Animals', 'Electrophysiology', 'Heart Conduction System', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Kinetics', 'Purkinje Fibers', 'Sheep', 'Time Factors']
| 7,191,987
|
[['D02.092.211.111'], ['B01.050'], ['H01.158.344.528', 'H01.158.782.236'], ['A07.541.409'], ['E05.481'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['A07.541.409.683'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.791'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
A 23-year review of the management of acute retention of urine: progressing or regressing?
|
A retrospective review of all patients in Oxford under the care of one consultant urologist (GJF) who presented on alternate years over a 23-year period with acute retention of urine was undertaken. Data were collected on the: (i) number of patients discharged from hospital with an in-dwelling catheter; (ii) duration of catheter drainage prior to surgery; and (iii) duration of postoperative stay. In all, 244 patients underwent prostatectomy. Over the 23-year period, there was a significant increase in the proportion of patients discharged prior to surgery (P < 0.001) as well as their median duration of catheterisation (P < 0.001): more than 50% were catheterised for more than 3 months in 1997. Conversely, post-operative hospital stay has decreased. Prolonged catheter drainage carries considerable morbidity, with 72% experiencing some complication. Most patients feel they lose dignity, 69% consider it uncomfortable and more than 50% complain of burning sensations, bladder spasms and a persistent desire to micturate. We recommend that patients should not be placed on routine waiting lists where they are liable to remain for an unacceptably long time. Targets should be set to admit them within a set period and theatre lists made available. We feel that six weeks is a realistic target.
|
['Acute Disease', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Catheters, Indwelling', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Medical Audit', 'Middle Aged', 'Prostatectomy', 'Prostatic Hyperplasia', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Time Factors', 'Urinary Catheterization', 'Urinary Retention', 'Waiting Lists']
| 11,041,033
|
[['C23.550.291.125'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['E07.132.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N04.761.700.250.500', 'N05.700.175.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E04.950.774.860.625'], ['C12.294.565.500'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['G01.910.857'], ['E01.370.390.820', 'E02.148.947', 'E05.157.500'], ['C12.777.934.880', 'C13.351.968.934.880'], ['N04.452.095.738']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
[Renal transplantation in HIV-infected patients in Spain].
|
HIV infection has experienced dramatic improvement in morbidity and mortality with the highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). This prompted a reevaluation of organ-solid transplantation as a treatment option for HIV-infected patients. Some trials in the United States have shown that one- and 2-year graft and patient survival is comparable to HIV-negative transplant population. In Europe the experience is still scarce. The aim of this study is to analyse the outcome and the clinical characteristics of HIV-infected patients who received kidney transplantation in Spain in the HAART era. Ten patients were transplanted in our country since 2001. Only one patient was black. The main cause of end-stage renal disease reported was glomerulonephritis. Six of the recipients were coinfected by hepatitis C virus. Inclusion criteria included undetectable HIV viral load and CD4 counts greater than 200/pL. Immunosuppression consisted of steroids, tacrolimus and mycophenolate mofetil, with antibody induction in 4 cases. The median and mean follow-up was 11 and 16.3+/-15.6 (3-46) months, respectively. One recipient lost his graft because of early renal venous thrombosis. The remaining patients are functioning graft with mean serum creatinina level of 1.5 +/- 0.5 mg/dl. Biopsy-proven acute rejection was diagnosed in 4 recipients and was reversed in all cases with antirejection treatment. The plasma HIV RNA levels have remained controlled and CD4 counts have been stable in excess of 200 cell/microL. None of patients have developed AIDS complications. Recipients receiving protease inhibitor-based HAART regimens required significant dosing modification to maintain appropriate tacrolimus levels. Our results show that renal transplantation can be a safe and effective treatment in select HIV-infected patients. Like other series, the acute rejection rate was higher than in non-HIV recipients. The reasons of this rejection incidence remain unknown.
|
['Adult', 'Anti-HIV Agents', 'Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active', 'CD4 Lymphocyte Count', 'Drug Interactions', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Graft Rejection', 'HIV Infections', 'HIV Protease Inhibitors', 'Humans', 'Kidney Failure, Chronic', 'Kidney Transplantation', 'Life Expectancy', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Postoperative Complications', 'RNA, Viral', 'Spain', 'Survival Analysis', 'Tacrolimus', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Viral Load']
| 16,649,432
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D27.505.954.122.388.077.088'], ['E02.319.310.075'], ['E01.370.225.500.195.107.595.500.150', 'E01.370.225.625.107.595.500.150', 'E05.200.500.195.107.595.500.150', 'E05.200.625.107.595.500.150', 'E05.242.195.107.595.500.150', 'G04.140.107.595.500.150', 'G09.188.105.595.500.150'], ['G07.690.773.968'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['G12.875.545.328'], ['C01.221.250.875', 'C01.221.812.640.400', 'C01.778.640.400', 'C01.925.782.815.616.400', 'C01.925.813.400', 'C20.673.480'], ['D27.505.519.389.745.900.500', 'D27.505.954.122.388.077.088.420'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C12.777.419.780.750.500', 'C13.351.968.419.780.750.500'], ['E02.870.500', 'E04.936.450.485', 'E04.950.774.400'], ['E05.318.308.985.450', 'N01.224.935.464', 'N06.850.505.400.975.450', 'N06.850.520.308.985.450'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C23.550.767'], ['D13.444.735.828'], ['Z01.542.846'], ['E05.318.740.998', 'N05.715.360.750.795', 'N06.850.520.830.998'], ['D02.540.505.810'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['E01.370.225.875.950', 'E05.200.875.950', 'G06.920.850']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Turbinate-septal suture for middle turbinate medialization: a prospective randomized trial.
|
OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: One of the primary goals of endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) is to create widely patent paranasal sinus ostia, but lateralization of the middle turbinate (MT) after ESS can obstruct otherwise patent ethmoid and maxillary sinuses. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of turbinate-septal suturing in preventing lateralization of the MT.STUDY DESIGN: A prospective, randomized, blinded controlled study.METHODS: The study was performed in 120 patients who had undergone ESS. The patients were randomized to receive nasal (group A) or turbinate-septal suture plus nasal packing (group B). Postoperative lateralization of the MT and synechia formation were assessed as the primary outcome 3 months post-ESS. The Lund-Kennedy Scores at 1 week, 2 week, and 1 month after ESS were assessed as the secondary outcomes.RESULTS: A total of 120 patients were enrolled (60 patients in each group). Group B had a significantly lower rate of MT lateralization compared to group A after 3 months of surgery (6 of 120 sides vs. 19 of 120 sides; P < 0.01). Synechia formation rates in groups B were also significantly lower than those in group A (4 of 120 sides vs. 13 of 120 sides; P = 0.023).CONCLUSION: Middle turbinate-septal suturing medialization during ESS is an effective method for preventing lateralization of the MT.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Bandages', 'Double-Blind Method', 'Endoscopy', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Nasal Septum', 'Paranasal Sinuses', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Prospective Studies', 'Reoperation', 'Rhinitis', 'Sinusitis', 'Suture Techniques', 'Tissue Adhesions', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed', 'Turbinates', 'Young Adult']
| 25,041,807
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['E07.101'], ['E05.318.370.300', 'E05.581.500.300', 'N05.715.360.325.320', 'N06.850.520.445.300'], ['E01.370.388.250', 'E04.502.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['A04.531.591'], ['A04.531.621'], ['C23.550.767'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E04.690'], ['C01.748.674', 'C08.460.799', 'C08.730.674', 'C09.603.799'], ['C01.748.749', 'C08.460.692.752', 'C08.730.749', 'C09.603.692.752'], ['E04.987.775'], ['C23.550.355.274.840'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810'], ['A02.835.232.781.324.948', 'A04.531.898'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
DNA image cytometric measurement as a surrogate end point biomarker in a phase I trial of alpha-difluoromethylornithine for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.
|
Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 (CIN 3) is considered a high-risk precursor of invasive cervical cancer. alpha-Difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) is a promising antiproliferative chemopreventive agent. The purpose of this study was to evaluate image cytometric measurement of nuclear DNA (ICM-DNA) as a surrogate end point biomarker (SEB) in a Phase I trial of DFMO for CIN. Thirty patients with CIN 3 were treated with DFMO at five doses, ranging from 0.0625 to 1.0 g/m2/day, for 1 month. Half of the patients had histological responses. Twenty-five pre- and posttreatment cervical biopsy specimens (from 11 responders and 14 nonresponders) were available for this analysis. ICM-DNA was performed on 4-micron sections cut from formalin-fixed tissue blocks and stained with a thionin-SO2 Feulgen reaction. ICM-DNAs for each case were expressed as normalized measurements (against the nuclear modal absorbance of lymphocytes) of the absorbance of each cell of interest and were presented in bar histograms. The mean normalized summed absorbance (sigma ODn) was obtained as a mean histogram of the cell population of interest. Nineteen (76%) of 25 patients had a significant decrease in sigma ODn after DFMO treatment. Posttreatment values were significantly lower than pretreatment values in a paired analysis, and responders had significantly lower values than nonresponders. Analyses of different ICM-DNA references, including percentile values of sigma ODn distribution, DNA malignancy grade, and 5c exceeding rate, showed a decrease of mean sigma ODn during DFMO treatment. In addition, the summed posttreatment sigma ODn histograms also showed progressively shorter right shoulders compared with pretreatment histograms in both responders and nonresponders. We concluded that the modulation of sigma ODn reflected the chemoprevention effect of DFMO even before morphological changes appeared, and thus, ICM-DNA may be useful as a SEB in chemoprevention trials of DFMO. Additional reasons for using ICM-DNA as a SEB are the relative simplicity of its use, the high accuracy of the results, the low cost of the reagents, the ability to use small tissue samples, and the objectivity and reproducibility of the procedure.
|
['Adult', 'Anticarcinogenic Agents', 'Antineoplastic Agents', 'Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia', 'Clinical Trials, Phase I as Topic', 'DNA, Neoplasm', 'Eflornithine', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Image Cytometry', 'Image Processing, Computer-Assisted', 'Statistics, Nonparametric', 'Uterine Cervical Neoplasms']
| 9,332,769
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D27.505.696.706.018', 'D27.505.954.248.125', 'D27.720.799.018'], ['D27.505.954.248'], ['C04.557.470.200.240.250'], ['E05.318.372.250.250.200', 'N05.715.360.330.250.250.200', 'N06.850.520.450.250.250.200'], ['D13.444.308.425'], ['D12.125.068.665.340', 'D12.125.095.765.340'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.386.400', 'E05.196.712.516.600.240.400', 'E05.200.500.386.400', 'E05.242.386.400'], ['L01.224.308'], ['E05.318.740.995', 'N05.715.360.750.760', 'N06.850.520.830.995'], ['C04.588.945.418.948.850', 'C13.351.500.852.593.131', 'C13.351.500.852.762.850', 'C13.351.937.418.875.850']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
The far side: the meta functions of humanitarianism in a globalised world.
|
This paper explores the meta functions of humanitarianism--that is, the functions that, as an ideology, a movement and a profession, it performs, wittingly or unwittingly, in the early twenty-first century. The term humanitarianism is used as shorthand to encompass a complex set of currents of thought, actions and institutions of which the boundaries are unclear. The focus is on mainstream humanitarianism, the dominant Northern/Western enterprise. The paper first discusses the relationship between humanitarianism and globalised power. It goes on to examine three types of functions that humanitarianism and humanitarian action perform: 'macro' functions--the deep undercurrents, power relations and values that humanitarianism articulates and transmits; 'meso' functions--those that relate to the political economy of humanitarian action and to the mechanics (rather than to the ideology) of globalisation; and 'micro' functions that relate to the motivations of the individuals who devote their energies to humanitarianism.
|
['Altruism', 'Capitalism', 'Colonialism', 'Disaster Planning', 'Humans', 'Internationality', 'Interpersonal Relations', 'Motivation', 'Organizations', 'Philosophy', 'Politics', 'Relief Work', 'Rescue Work']
| 20,132,266
|
[['F01.145.813.090'], ['I01.261.100', 'I01.696.100'], ['I01.696.116'], ['N06.230.100.035'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['I01.615'], ['F01.829.401'], ['F01.658', 'F01.752.543.500.750'], ['N03.540'], ['K01.752'], ['I01.738'], ['I01.880.787.839', 'N06.230.100.300'], ['N06.230.100.350']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Humanities [K]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
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