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Cancer-associated fibroblasts enhance pancreatic cancer cell invasion by remodeling the metabolic conversion mechanism.
|
We investigated the mechanism of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in promoting the invasion and metastasis of pancreatic cancer cells in a non-vascular manner. We verified the original generation of isolated cultured CAFs and normal fibroblasts (NFs) based on the expression of á-SMA and vimentin, and we examined the cell glycolysis level through glucose consumption and lactate production experiments. The mRNA and protein expression of CAF glycolytic enzymes, lactate dehydrogenase and pyruvate kinase m2, were examined by RT-PCR and western blotting, respectively. In vitro culture first-generation pancreatic CAFs were collected and cultured together with pancreas cancer BxPc-3 and Panc-1 cells. Cell invasion and migration were assessed using a Transwell assay and scratch test, respectively. Mitochondrial activity was assessed by experimentally determining oxidative phosphorylation (OP) activity. The aerobic oxidation index of cancer cells was also examined. Succinate dehydrogenase, fumarate hydratase (FH), and monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1) expression were examined using an MCT1-specific inhibitor to remove 'tumor-stromal' metabolic coupling to observe the influence of cell interstices on pancreas cancer progression. First-generation isolated cultured CAFs and NFs both grew well, and showed active proliferation. Glucose absorption and lactate production were significantly enhanced in CAFs compared with that in NFs. PCR and western blotting showed that the lactate dehydrogenase and pyruvate kinase m2 mRNA and protein expression levels were increased in the CAFs. After indirect co-culture, OP was increased in the BxPc-3 and Panc-1 cells; correspondingly, succinate dehydrogenase, FH and MCT expression were increased. After the MCT1-specific inhibitor removed 'tumor-stromal' metabolic coupling, the migration and invasion abilities of the pancreatic cancer cells were decreased. Pancreatic CAFs can alter metabolism as well as communicate with and respond to cancer cell migration and invasion. This may be an important mechanism for promoting tumor progression in a non-vascular manner in the tumor microenvironment. The mechanism by which CAFs reshape metabolic transition requires further analysis.
|
['Actins', 'Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts', 'Cell Adhesion', 'Cell Cycle Proteins', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Cell Movement', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Fumarate Hydratase', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic', 'Humans', 'Neoplasm Invasiveness', 'Oncogene Proteins', 'Oxidative Phosphorylation', 'Pancreatic Neoplasms', 'Succinate Dehydrogenase', 'Tumor Microenvironment', 'Vimentin']
| 28,260,082
|
[['D05.750.078.730.250', 'D12.776.210.500.100', 'D12.776.220.525.255'], ['A11.329.228.105'], ['G04.022'], ['D12.776.167'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['G04.198', 'G07.568.500.180'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['D08.811.520.241.300.300'], ['G05.308.370'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.697.645', 'C23.550.727.645'], ['D12.776.624.664'], ['G02.111.665.550', 'G03.295.631', 'G03.796.550'], ['C04.588.274.761', 'C04.588.322.475', 'C06.301.761', 'C06.689.667', 'C19.344.421'], ['D05.500.562.750.249.500', 'D08.811.600.250.500.750.500', 'D08.811.600.250.875.249.500', 'D08.811.682.660.385.500', 'D08.811.682.830.249.500', 'D12.776.157.427.374.375.909.500', 'D12.776.331.199.750.500', 'D12.776.543.277.500.750.500', 'D12.776.543.277.875.249.500', 'D12.776.556.579.374.375.141.500'], ['G04.366.500'], ['D05.750.078.593.900', 'D12.776.220.475.900']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[A case of idiopathic hypertrophic cranial pachymeningitis presenting as chronic subdural hematoma].
|
A 26-year-old male presented with a 6-day history of paroxysmal headache which was worsen with nausea and vomiting for 1 day. Head CT on admission revealed left chronic subdural hematoma with midline shift. An emergency Burr hole drainage for hematoma was performed. Headache recurred 6 days later. MRI of the brain revealed a diffuse thickening and a gadolinium-enhancement of the falx, cranial dura mater and tentorium cerebelli on the left side with pia mater involved. Lumber puncture showed increased intracranial pressure and elevated IgG level in cerebrospinal fluid. Histological examination of the biopsy specimen showed thickened, fibrotic dura with a sterile chronic inflammation. According to pathological examination, idiopathic hypertrophic cranial pachymeningitis was considered as the final diagnosis. Symptoms were improved with steroid pulse therapy.
|
['Adult', 'Biopsy', 'Brain', 'Drainage', 'Dura Mater', 'Hematoma, Subdural, Chronic', 'Humans', 'Hypertrophy', 'Immunoglobulin G', 'Intracranial Hypertension', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Meningitis', 'Steroids', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed']
| 28,087,916
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E01.370.225.500.384.100', 'E01.370.225.998.054', 'E01.370.388.100', 'E04.074', 'E05.200.500.384.100', 'E05.200.998.054', 'E05.242.384.100'], ['A08.186.211'], ['E02.309', 'E04.237'], ['A08.186.566.395'], ['C10.228.140.300.535.450.400.120', 'C10.900.300.837.600.120', 'C14.907.253.573.400.450.120', 'C23.550.414.838.700.200', 'C23.550.414.913.700.200', 'C26.915.300.490.450.120'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C23.300.775'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.619.393', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.619.393', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.619.393'], ['C10.228.140.631'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['C10.228.614'], ['D04.210.500'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
[Does individual psychotherapy have a place in the treatment of schizophrenia?].
|
Psychotherapy of schizophrenia has caused considerable debate. In 1990 prominent researchers proposed "a moratorium" on such treatment. It is now generally accepted that neuroleptic drugs cannot eliminate the need for comprehensive training in practical and social skills in patients with schizophrenia and that most patients need help to acknowledge, bear and put into perspective actual emotions and life events. Psychotherapy cannot replace treatment with neuroleptics, but neuroleptics alone will remain insufficient. These patients need integrated, comprehensive treatment programmes.
|
['Antipsychotic Agents', 'Humans', 'Patient Care Planning', 'Psychotherapy', 'Schizophrenia']
| 12,426,900
|
[['D27.505.696.277.950.040', 'D27.505.954.427.210.950.040', 'D27.505.954.427.700.872.331'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N04.590.233.624'], ['F04.754'], ['F03.700.750']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Improving detection of intraoperative medical errors (iMEs) and intraoperative adverse events (iAEs) and their contribution to postoperative outcomes.
|
Our knowledge of the types of intraoperative patient safety events, their harm to patients, and relationship to postoperative complications is sparse. This study examined intraoperative medical errors (iMEs) and intraoperative adverse events (iAEs) voluntarily reported by providers using two programs at our hospital: surgical debriefing and incident reporting. Among the 3020 surgical procedures assessed, 142 iMEs and 103 iAEs were reported, yielding an overall rate of 8%. Of these events, 135 (55%) were obtained from incident reporting and 110 (45%) from surgical debriefing. The overall association between intraoperative events (iMEs and iAEs) and 30-day postoperative morbidity was significant (adjusted odds ratio = 1.08 with 95% confidence interval (CI) of (1.03, 1.13). This association was stronger when we included only the iAEs (1.47, 95% CI (1.35, 1.58)). Our findings suggest that hospitals should consider using both programs to obtain a more complete picture of intraoperative patient safety and to reduce postoperative morbidity.
|
['Databases, Factual', 'Humans', 'Intraoperative Complications', 'Medical Errors', 'Morbidity', 'Patient Safety', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Quality Improvement', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Risk Management', 'Surgical Procedures, Operative', 'United States']
| 29,563,021
|
[['L01.313.500.750.300.188.400', 'L01.470.750.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C23.550.505'], ['N02.421.450'], ['E05.318.308.985.525', 'N01.224.935.597', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525'], ['N06.850.135.060.075.399'], ['C23.550.767'], ['J01.293.754', 'N04.761.744'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['N03.219.463.800', 'N04.452.871'], ['E04'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]
|
['Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Use of low-cost video recording device in reflective practice in cataract surgery.
|
Reflective surgical practice is invaluable for surgeons at all levels of experience. For trainees in particular, every surgical opportunity must be optimized for its learning potential. Recording and reviewing cataract surgery is an invaluable tool. We describe a video recording device that has the advantages of ease of use; low cost; portability; and ease of review, editing, and dissemination, all of which encourage regular use and reflective surgical practice.
|
['Cataract Extraction', 'Humans', 'Internship and Residency', 'Ophthalmology', 'Video Recording']
| 20,362,842
|
[['E04.540.825.249'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['I02.358.337.350.500', 'I02.358.399.350.750'], ['H02.403.810.468'], ['L01.280.960']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The uptake and fate of vanadyl ion in ascidian blood cells and a detailed hypothesis for the mechanism and location of biological vanadium reduction. A visible and X-ray absorption spectroscopic study.
|
Vanadium K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) has been used to track the uptake and fate of VO(2+) ion in blood cells from Ascidia ceratodes, following exposure to dithiothreitol (DTT) or to DTT plus VO(2+). The full range of endogenous vanadium was queried by fitting the XAS of blood cells with the XAS spectra of model vanadium complexes. In cells exposed only to DTT, approximately 0.4% of a new V(III) species was found in a site similar to Na[V(edta)(H(2)O)]. With exposure to DTT and VO(2+), average intracellular [VO(aq)](2+) increased from 3% to 5%, and 6% of a new complexed form of vanadyl ion appeared evidencing a ligand array similar to [VO(edta)](2-). At the same time, the relative ratio of blood cell [V(H(2)O)(6)](3+) increased at the expense of [V(H(2)O)(5)(SO(4))](+) in a manner consistent with a significant increase in endogenous acidity. In new UV/Visible experiments, VO(2+) could be reduced to 7-coordinate [V(nta)(H(2)O)(3)] or [V(nta)(ida)](2-) with cysteine methyl ester in pH 6.5 solution. Ascorbate reduced [VO(edta)](2-) to 7-coordinate [V(edta)(H(2)O)](-), while [VO(trdta)](2-) was unreactive. These results corroborate the finding that the reductive EMF of VO(2+) is increased by the availability of a 7-coordinate V(III) product. Finally, a new and complete hypothesis is proposed for an ascidian vanadate reductase. The structure of the enzyme active site, the vanadate-vanadyl-vanadic reduction mechanism, the cellular locale, and elements of the regulatory machinery governing the biological reduction of vanadate and vanadyl ion by ascidians are all predicted. Together these constitute the new field of vanadium redox enzymology.
|
['Animals', 'Spectrum Analysis', 'Urochordata', 'Vanadates', 'X-Rays']
| 18,234,345
|
[['B01.050'], ['E05.196.867'], ['B01.050.150.200.727', 'B01.050.500.272.727'], ['D01.248.497.158.952', 'D01.960.960'], ['G01.358.500.505.970', 'G01.750.250.970', 'G01.750.750.918']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Modifications of small intestine lysosomal enzymes after irradiation at different times of the day.
|
The modification of lysosomal enzyme activities in animals irradiated with the same sublethal dose at 4 different times of the day is reported. The results confirmed the absence of circadian fluctuations in all the lysosomal enzymes and in protein content. A difference in behaviour between acid beta-galactosidase and beta-glucuronidase on the one hand and between acid phosphatase and cathepsin D on the other was evident in irradiated animals. The results showed that acid beta-galactosidase and beta-glucuronidase increase from the early intervals after irradiation and reach the highest activity between 36 and 48 h. At these intervals autolysis phenomena, heavy cellular alterations and numerous phlogosis cells are present in the epithelium. Only beta-glucuronidase and acid beta-galactosidase indicate the level of radiation injury.
|
['Acid Phosphatase', 'Cathepsins', 'Circadian Rhythm', 'Glucuronidase', 'Humans', 'Intestine, Small', 'Lysosomes', 'Radiation Injuries', 'beta-Galactosidase']
| 6,283,798
|
[['D08.811.277.352.650.025'], ['D08.811.277.656.224'], ['G07.180.562.190'], ['D08.811.277.450.426'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A03.556.124.684'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.190.550'], ['C26.733', 'G01.750.748.500', 'N06.850.460.350.850.500', 'N06.850.810.300.360'], ['D08.811.277.450.410.100']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Ambulance 12-lead electrocardiography transmission via cell phone technology to cardiologists.
|
This study demonstrates transmission of 12-lead electrocardiography (ECG) in an ambulance to the cell phone of the attendant emergency medical technician and then to the hospital and to cell phones of off-site cardiologists. The emergency medical technician cell phone receives Extensible Markup Language files generated by a Phillips Extensible Markup Language ECG instrument via Wi-Fi-based wireless network and then sends them to an ECG-processing server at the hospital over the mobile telephone network. After reducing ECG noises and artifacts, the server converts files to Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine-based ECG reports stored in Picture Archiving and Communication System. These reports are sent to the cell phones of off-site cardiologists. Consequently, on-site Emergency Department physicians and off-site cardiologists can discuss ECG reports via Picture Archiving and Communication System on their computers or cell phones to prepare for the most appropriate treatment while the patient is on the way to the hospital. In conclusion, this 12-lead ECG transmission e-technology expands the functions of a 12-lead ECG instrument and facilitates more efficient prehospital cardiac care.
|
['Ambulances', 'Body Surface Potential Mapping', 'Cardiology', 'Cell Phone', 'Emergency Medical Technicians', 'Emergency Service, Hospital', 'Humans', 'Taiwan', 'Telemedicine', 'Wireless Technology']
| 20,925,562
|
[['J01.937.500.050', 'N02.421.297.879.100'], ['E01.370.370.380.240.850.100', 'E01.370.405.240.850.100'], ['H02.403.429.163'], ['L01.178.847.698.300'], ['M01.526.373.250', 'M01.526.485.067.150', 'N02.360.067.150'], ['N02.278.216.500.968.336', 'N02.421.297.195', 'N04.452.442.452.422.336'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.252.474.872', 'Z01.639.850'], ['H02.403.840', 'L01.178.847.652', 'N04.590.374.800'], ['L01.178.847.950']]
|
['Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Proteomic analysis of the acid-soluble nacre matrix of the bivalve Unio pictorum: detection of novel carbonic anhydrase and putative protease inhibitor proteins.
|
The matrix extracted from mollusc shell nacre is a mixture of proteins and glycoproteins that is thought to play a major role in controlling biomineral synthesis and in increasing its mechanical properties. We investigated the nacreous shell of the freshwater mussel Unio pictorum, to which we applied a proteomics approach adapted to mollusc shell proteins. On one hand, the acid-soluble nacre matrix was fractionated by SDS-PAGE and the five main protein bands (P95, P50, P29, P16, and P12) were digested with trypsin and analyzed by nanoLC-MS/MS followed by de novo sequencing. On the other hand, the acid-soluble nacre matrix was analyzed in a similar manner, without any preliminary fractionation. In total, we obtained about 140 peptides, of between 9 and 21 residues, as well as several shorter peptides. Interestingly, it appears that the different protein bands share several identical peptides; this has implications for the underlying genetic machinery that synthesizes nacre proteins. Homology searches against sequences in the Swiss-Prot protein database and the 800,000 mollusc expressed sequence tag database were performed, but surprisingly, only a few obvious homologies were established. Among the peptides that match with known sequences, some from P50 and P16/P12 proteins align with carbonic anhydrase (CA) and with the protease inhibitor, respectively. The evolutionary implications of our findings are discussed.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Animals', 'Carbonic Anhydrases', 'Chromatography, Liquid', 'Databases, Protein', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Protease Inhibitors', 'Proteome', 'Sequence Analysis, Protein', 'Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization', 'Unio']
| 20,815,006
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['B01.050'], ['D08.811.520.241.300.150'], ['E05.196.181.400'], ['L01.313.500.750.300.188.400.300.750', 'L01.313.500.750.300.188.400.325.710', 'L01.470.750.750.300.750', 'L01.470.750.750.325.710'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['D27.505.519.389.745'], ['D12.776.817'], ['E05.393.760.705'], ['E05.196.566.600'], ['B01.050.500.644.080.850.850']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The role of plants and plant/microbial systems in the reduction of exposure.
|
The activities of plants and plant/microbial associations may offer a viable means of accomplishing the in situ remediation of contaminated soils. Two uses of plants for phytoremediation are reported here. In one set of studies, the ability of plants to foster degradative microorganisms was investigated. Results indicated that the degradation of several chlorinated pesticides increased in rhizosphere soil and that this same increase occurred when unplanted soils were given materials released from plant roots. In current investigations, the potential for plants to remove and accumulate metals from their environment is being considered. This work employs a unique testing system, the target-neighbor method, that allows evaluation of how planting density influences metal uptake. Results of these studies could provide the information needed to manipulate plant density for optimization of metal removal (remediation of metal-contaminated soil) or minimization of the amount of toxic metals in important crops (reduction of human exposure).
|
['Biodegradation, Environmental', 'Environmental Exposure', 'Humans', 'Metals', 'Plant Physiological Phenomena', 'Plant Roots', 'Soil Microbiology', 'Soil Pollutants', 'Xenobiotics']
| 8,565,900
|
[['N06.230.080.600.500', 'N06.850.460.375.500'], ['N06.850.460.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D01.552'], ['G15'], ['A18.400'], ['H01.158.273.540.274.555', 'N06.850.425.300'], ['D27.888.284.756'], ['D26.969']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
An aggressive protocol of ESWL and dissolution therapy of gallbladder stones.
|
OBJECTIVES: to assess the overall efficacy and which factors are independent predictors of success of ESWL and oral dissolution therapy of gallbladder stones using an aggressive protocol (high energy shock waves -median 22 Kv- and allowance to up to 6 sessions with an electro-hydraulic lithotripter).PATIENTS AND METHODS: inclusion criteria were 1) biliary pain; 2) 1 to 3 radiolucent stones or with slight calcification; 3) total stone volume under 15 cm3, equivalent to a single stone 3 cm diameter and 4) opacified cholecystography. Data was collected prospectively for 139 consecutive patients undergoing this treatment and the stone-free curves up to 12 months were analyzed as a function of age, sex, body-mass index, total stone volume, number of stones and the presence of slight calcification.RESULTS: patients underwent a mean of 2.6 sessions (range: 1-6) and 2834 shock waves (range: 589-8175). The global stone-free rate at 12 months was 54% (95% confidence interval: 45-64%). Factors that significantly -and adversely- influenced outcome were total stone volume (P < 0.001), number of stones (P = 0.005) and slight calcification (P = 0.038), using Cox's regression. Beyond significance, these three factors showed a marked effect on the stone-free curves.CONCLUSIONS: our data suggest that, even with this aggressive protocol, these factors are clearly detrimental. Thus, the results of our study agree with the current trend to restrict this combination therapy to patients with single, non-calcified stones with a small volume, or up to 2 cm diameter as is usually quoted.
|
['Age Factors', 'Body Mass Index', 'Cholelithiasis', 'Combined Modality Therapy', 'Disease-Free Survival', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Gastrointestinal Agents', 'Humans', 'Lithotripsy', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Proportional Hazards Models', 'Prospective Studies', 'Sex Factors', 'Time Factors', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Ursodeoxycholic Acid']
| 7,590,575
|
[['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.125', 'E05.041.124.125', 'G07.100.100.125', 'N06.850.505.200.100.175'], ['C06.130.409'], ['E02.186'], ['E01.789.800.190', 'E05.318.740.998.300', 'N04.761.559.590.800.190', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800.190', 'N05.715.360.750.795.300', 'N06.850.520.830.998.300'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['D27.505.954.483'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.600', 'E04.943.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.740.500.700', 'E05.318.740.600.700', 'E05.318.740.750.725', 'E05.318.740.998.825', 'E05.599.835.900', 'N05.715.360.750.530.650', 'N05.715.360.750.625.650', 'N05.715.360.750.695.650', 'N05.715.360.750.795.825', 'N06.850.520.830.500.700', 'N06.850.520.830.600.700', 'N06.850.520.830.750.725', 'N06.850.520.830.998.912'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['N05.715.350.675', 'N06.850.490.875'], ['G01.910.857'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['D04.210.500.105.225.272.962', 'D04.210.500.221.430.342.925']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Evolution of an altruistic trait through group selection as studied by the diffusion equation method.
|
A diffusion model is formulated which incorporates the process of group selection (i.e. interdeme competition) in addition to mutation, migration, individual selection, and random genetic drift. A condition is obtained for group selection to prevail over individual selection in the evolution of an altruistic trait. Let DK = c/(v + v' + m) - 4Nes', where v' and v are mutation rates to and from the altruistic allele (A'), m is the migration rate (assuming Wright's island model), s' is the selective disadvantage of A' with respect to individual selection, Ne is the effective population size of each deme (group) and c is a positive constant such that a deme having A' with frequency x has the advantage c(x - means) relative to the average deme. Then, group selection overrides individual selection if DK greater than 0, while individual selection prevails if DK less than 0.
|
['Biometry', 'Gene Frequency', 'Models, Genetic', 'Mutation', 'Selection, Genetic']
| 6,600,088
|
[['E05.318.740.225', 'N06.850.505.200'], ['G05.330'], ['E05.599.395.397'], ['G05.365.590'], ['G05.783']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
[Outcome of various inpatient lymph drainage procedures].
|
Three groups of patients (n: 10 each group) with extensive or massive secondary lymphedema of the arm were treated with different types of manual lymphatic drainage. The decrease of volume based on arm circumference was measured before and four weeks after treatment. The first group received one hour of manual lymph drainage twice a day ("Asdonk-standard"). The second group received a 90 minute and the third group only a single one hour treatment. Our result indicate that the therapeutic efficacy of the "Asdonk-standard" is superior to the other two forms of therapy. The improvement of lymphedema was much superior in this group and the treatment was more cost effective.
|
['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Arm', 'Bandages', 'Drainage', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Lymphedema', 'Middle Aged', 'Physical Therapy Modalities', 'Time Factors', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 8,768,046
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['A01.378.800.075'], ['E07.101'], ['E02.309', 'E04.237'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C15.604.496'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E02.779', 'E02.831.535'], ['G01.910.857'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Intraobserver and interobserver consistency for grading esophagitis with narrow-band imaging.
|
BACKGROUND: Narrow-band imaging (NBI) is a novel, noninvasive optical technique that adjusts reflected light to enhance the contrast between the esophageal mucosa and the gastric mucosa. Whether the use of this optical technique may increase consistency in describing the presence and severity of mucosal breaks remains elusive.OBJECTIVES: We compared the intra- and interobserver variations in the endoscopic scoring of esophagitis by using conventional imaging with and without NBI.DESIGN: Cross-sectional study of consecutive patients with reflux.SETTING: Single center in Taiwan.PATIENTS: Endoscopic photographs of 230 patients with gastroesophageal reflux were obtained with both methods. Images were randomly displayed twice to 7 endoscopists, who independently scored each photograph by using the Los Angeles classification.MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: We calculated intra- and interobserver kappa statistics to measure the consistency in interpretations.RESULTS: With the addition of NBI, intraobserver reproducibility significantly improved with 3 of the 7 endoscopists. Interobserver reproducibility was more consistent with the combined approach than with conventional imaging alone, with an improved overall kappa value of 0.62 versus 0.45 (P < .05). Discordance between these methods was substantial in the grading of class A or B esophagitis.LIMITATIONS: A small sample of class D esophagitis might have produced insufficient statistical power in this category.CONCLUSIONS: Intra- and interobserver reproducibilities in grading esophagitis could be improved when NBI was applied with conventional imaging. The benefit appeared to derive from better depictions of small erosive foci.
|
['Esophagitis', 'Esophagoscopy', 'Esophagus', 'Gastric Mucosa', 'Humans', 'Mucous Membrane', 'Observer Variation', 'Video Recording']
| 17,643,694
|
[['C06.405.117.620', 'C06.405.205.663'], ['E01.370.372.250.250.275', 'E01.370.388.250.250.250.260', 'E04.210.240.250.260', 'E04.502.250.250.250.260'], ['A03.556.875.500'], ['A03.556.875.875.440', 'A10.615.550.291'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A10.615.550'], ['E01.354.753', 'N02.421.450.600', 'N05.715.350.150.675', 'N06.850.490.500.250'], ['L01.280.960']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Hypovitaminosis D in adolescent females--an analytical cohort study in the United Arab Emirates.
|
BACKGROUND: Despite living in a sunny country, hypovitaminosis D is common in women of reproductive age in Al Ain, United Arab Emirates (UAE).AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To establish the prevalence of hypovitaminosis D in adolescent female Emirati nationals and its risk factors.METHODS: This was an analytical prospective cohort study of 350 female Emirati nationals aged 11-18 years attending public schools in Al Ain. Socio-economic status, diet and amount of sun exposure were evaluated by face-to-face interviews. Serum total 25 (OH) vitamin D (D2 + D3) levels were measured by electrochemiluminescence assay. The prevalence of hypovitaminosis D was calculated and the association with risk factors analysed.RESULTS: Data were complete for 293 girls. Only one girl [prevalence 0.3%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.01-1.9] had vitamin D sufficiency (serum vitamin D levels >75 nmol/L). Three girls (1.0%, 95% CI 0.2-2.9) had vitamin D insufficiency (50-75 nmol/L), 58 (19.8%, 95% CI 15.0-25.5) were deficient (27.5-50 nmol/L) and 231 (78.8%, 95% CI 68.9-89.6) had severe deficiency (<27.5 nmol/L). Serum vitamin D levels declined between the ages of 11 and 13 years before progressively rising until the age of 18 years but without regaining the levels they were at the age of 11. There was no statistically significant difference between the vitamin D status groups in age, body mass index, accommodation type, family income, percentage of surface area unexposed to the sun when outdoors, consumption of oily fish or total vitamin D intake.CONCLUSION: The finding of a high prevalence of hypovitaminosis D in adolescent females in UAE is of serious concern for their health and that of their infants during their reproductive lives. Adolescent girls with a similar social and cultural background currently living in less sunny, industrialised countries might also be at risk.
|
['Adolescent', 'Child', 'Cholecalciferol', 'Cohort Studies', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Ergocalciferols', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Luminescent Measurements', 'Prevalence', 'Prospective Studies', 'United Arab Emirates', 'Vitamin D Deficiency']
| 25,547,176
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.406'], ['D04.210.500.247.222.159', 'D04.210.500.247.808.146', 'D04.210.500.812.768.196', 'D10.570.938.146'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['D04.210.500.247.222.474', 'D04.210.500.247.808.412', 'D04.210.500.812.768.462', 'D10.570.938.439'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.196.712.516'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['Z01.252.245.500.900'], ['C18.654.521.500.133.770']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Seasonal changes in liver and serum proteins, serum calcium, inorganic phosphate and magnesium levels in relation to vitellogenesis in a freshwater catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch).
|
Female specimens of Heteropneustes fossilis show marked seasonal changes in liver and serum proteins, serum calcium, inorganic phosphate and magnesium levels in relation to the ovarian cycle. Their levels increase with the ovarian maturation, record the maximum values during the prespawning phase and gradually decline during spawning and postspawning phases. Thus, a positive correlation exists between liver and serum proteins, serum calcium, inorganic phosphate and magnesium levels during the annual ovarian cycle which seems to be related with vitellogenin synthesis.
|
['Analysis of Variance', 'Animals', 'Blood Proteins', 'Calcium', 'Catfishes', 'Female', 'Liver', 'Magnesium', 'Phosphates', 'Proteins', 'Seasons', 'Vitellogenesis']
| 7,857,087
|
[['E05.318.740.150', 'N05.715.360.750.125', 'N06.850.520.830.150'], ['B01.050'], ['D12.776.124'], ['D01.268.552.100', 'D01.552.539.288', 'D23.119.100'], ['B01.050.150.900.493.080'], ['A03.620'], ['D01.268.552.437', 'D01.268.557.500', 'D01.552.547.500'], ['D01.029.260.700.675.374', 'D01.248.497.158.730', 'D01.695.625.675.650'], ['D12.776'], ['G01.910.645.661', 'G16.500.275.071.590', 'N06.230.300.100.250.525'], ['G04.152.650.249.880', 'G08.686.784.310.500.880']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Pathological observation on experimental swine dysentery.
|
Experimental swine dysentery caused by 4 cultured strains (S73/2, DJ183, DJ70 and DK762) of Treponema hyodysenteriae was studied pathologically. The distribution and quantity of treponemes were examined on tissue sections stained by the Warthin-Starry method. Of the organs the colon contained the largest number of treponemes and the cecum and rectum the second largest number. Histopathological lesions were restricted to the large intestine. They ranged from mild catarrhal colitis in the mild case to desquamative, hemorrhagic colitis in the severest case. The severity of lesion was closely associated with the quantity of treponemes present. There was no difference in quality of the lesion between any two of the strains used in this study. Electron microscope revealed a large number of free treponemes present in the intestinal lumen and crypts. Treponemes were seen more frequently in the cytoplasm of goblet cells than in that of intestinal epithelial cells. They were also observed in desquamated degenerative epithelia. A small number of them were found in intact epithelia. Morphologically, the treponeme had a granular protoplasmic cylinder at the center which was surrounded by a thin envelope. Between the cylinder and the envelope there were axial fibrils.
|
['Animals', 'Colon', 'Dysentery', 'Intestinal Mucosa', 'Swine', 'Swine Diseases', 'Treponemal Infections']
| 522,890
|
[]
|
[]
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Significance of positive and negative syndromes in chronic schizophrenia.
|
Positive and negative syndromes were studied in relation to demographic, historical, genealogical, clinical, psychometric, extrapyramidal, and follow-up measures of 101 chronic schizophrenic patients. The criterion scales proved to be reliable, normally distributed, and strongly correlated with general psychopathology, but otherwise inversely related to one another. Multiple regression analysis identified sets of 4-6 independent variables that explained 74%-81% of the scales' variance. A positive syndrome was associated chiefly with productive features, family history of sociopathy, more previous hospital admissions, and longer in-patient stay during the 30-month follow-up period. A negative syndrome correlated with deficits in cognitive, affective, social, and motor spheres, higher incidence of major psychiatric illness but less affective disorder among relatives, lower education, and greater cognitive developmental impairment. The results underscore the importance of genetic and biodevelopmental variables for understanding schizophrenic syndromes.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Chronic Disease', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neuropsychological Tests', 'Psychiatric Status Rating Scales', 'Regression Analysis', 'Schizophrenia', 'Schizophrenic Psychology', 'Syndrome']
| 3,814,927
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C23.550.291.500'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['F04.711.513'], ['F04.711.513.653'], ['E05.318.740.750', 'N05.715.360.750.695', 'N06.850.520.830.750'], ['F03.700.750'], ['F04.824'], ['C23.550.288.500']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Prognostic significance of using solid versus whole tumor size on high-resolution computed tomography for predicting pathologic malignant grade of tumors in clinical stage IA lung adenocarcinoma: a multicenter study.
|
OBJECTIVES: The present multicenter study compared the usefulness of the solid tumor size with that of the whole tumor size on preoperative high-resolution computed tomography for predicting pathologic high-grade malignancy (positive lymphatic, vascular, or pleural invasion) and the prognosis of clinical stage IA lung adenocarcinoma.METHODS: We performed high-resolution computed tomography and F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography/computed tomography before curative surgical resection in 502 patients with clinical stage IA lung adenocarcinoma. The revised maximum standardized uptake values on F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography/computed tomography were used to correct interinstitutional discrepancies. The whole and solid tumor sizes on high-resolution computed tomography were then analyzed in relation to surgical results.RESULTS: The mean whole and solid tumor size was 1.97 ± 0.59 cm and 1.20 ± 0.88 cm, respectively. The receiver operating characteristics area under the curve for the whole and solid tumor sizes used to identify high-grade malignancy were 0.590 and 0.829, respectively. Multiple logistic regression analyses demonstrated solid tumor size (P < .001) and maximum standardized uptake values of the tumor (P < .001) as independent variables for the prediction of high-grade malignancy. Multivariate Cox analysis of disease-free survival demonstrated the former (hazard ratio, 2.30; 95% confidence interval, 1.46-3.63; P < .001) and latter (hazard ratio, 1.08; 95% confidence interval, 1.00-1.17; P = .05) as independent prognostic factors.CONCLUSIONS: The solid tumor size on high-resolution computed tomography and maximum standardized uptake values on positron emission tomography/computed tomography have greater predictive value for high-grade malignancy and prognosis in clinical stage IA lung adenocarcinoma than that of whole tumor size.
|
['Adenocarcinoma', 'Adenocarcinoma of Lung', 'Aged', 'Disease-Free Survival', 'Female', 'Fluorodeoxyglucose F18', 'Humans', 'Japan', 'Kaplan-Meier Estimate', 'Logistic Models', 'Lung Neoplasms', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Multimodal Imaging', 'Neoplasm Grading', 'Neoplasm Staging', 'Positron-Emission Tomography', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Prognosis', 'Proportional Hazards Models', 'Radiopharmaceuticals', 'Risk Assessment', 'Risk Factors', 'Survival Rate', 'Time Factors', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed', 'Tumor Burden']
| 22,104,678
|
[['C04.557.470.200.025'], ['C04.557.470.200.025.022', 'C04.588.894.797.520.055'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E01.789.800.190', 'E05.318.740.998.300', 'N04.761.559.590.800.190', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800.190', 'N05.715.360.750.795.300', 'N06.850.520.830.998.300'], ['D09.254.229.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.252.474.463', 'Z01.639.595'], ['E05.318.740.998.650', 'N05.715.360.750.795.650', 'N06.850.520.830.998.650'], ['E05.318.740.500.525', 'E05.318.740.600.800.450', 'E05.318.740.750.450', 'E05.599.835.875', 'N05.715.360.750.530.480', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.450', 'N05.715.360.750.695.470', 'N06.850.520.830.500.525', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.450', 'N06.850.520.830.750.450'], ['C04.588.894.797.520', 'C08.381.540', 'C08.785.520'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.370.350.567'], ['E01.789.612'], ['E01.789.625'], ['E01.370.350.350.800.700', 'E01.370.350.600.350.800.399', 'E01.370.350.710.800.399', 'E01.370.350.825.800.399', 'E01.370.384.730.800.399'], ['E05.318.370.800.650', 'N05.715.360.325.700.640', 'N06.850.520.445.800.650'], ['E01.789'], ['E05.318.740.500.700', 'E05.318.740.600.700', 'E05.318.740.750.725', 'E05.318.740.998.825', 'E05.599.835.900', 'N05.715.360.750.530.650', 'N05.715.360.750.625.650', 'N05.715.360.750.695.650', 'N05.715.360.750.795.825', 'N06.850.520.830.500.700', 'N06.850.520.830.600.700', 'N06.850.520.830.750.725', 'N06.850.520.830.998.912'], ['D27.505.259.843', 'D27.505.519.871', 'D27.720.470.410.650'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.715', 'N04.452.871.715', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.690', 'N06.850.505.715', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.715'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.900', 'N01.224.935.698.826', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.900', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.900'], ['G01.910.857'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810'], ['E05.041.124.892']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Paneth cell ablation in the presence of Klebsiella pneumoniae induces necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC)-like injury in the small intestine of immature mice.
|
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in premature infants. During NEC pathogenesis, bacteria are able to penetrate innate immune defenses and invade the intestinal epithelial layer, causing subsequent inflammation and tissue necrosis. Normally, Paneth cells appear in the intestinal crypts during the first trimester of human pregnancy. Paneth cells constitute a major component of the innate immune system by producing multiple antimicrobial peptides and proinflammatory mediators. To better understand the possible role of Paneth cell disruption in NEC, we quantified the number of Paneth cells present in infants with NEC and found that they were significantly decreased compared with age-matched controls. We were able to model this loss in the intestine of postnatal day (P)14-P16 (immature) mice by treating them with the zinc chelator dithizone. Intestines from dithizone-treated animals retained approximately half the number of Paneth cells compared with controls. Furthermore, by combining dithizone treatment with exposure to Klebsiella pneumoniae, we were able to induce intestinal injury and inflammatory induction that resembles human NEC. Additionally, this novel Paneth cell ablation model produces NEC-like pathology that is consistent with other currently used animal models, but this technique is simpler to use, can be used in older animals that have been dam fed, and represents a novel line of investigation to study NEC pathogenesis and treatment.
|
['Aging', 'Animals', 'Cell Differentiation', 'Cytoplasmic Granules', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Dithizone', 'Enteral Nutrition', 'Enterocolitis, Necrotizing', 'Humans', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Inflammation', 'Intestine, Small', 'Klebsiella pneumoniae', 'Mice', 'Paneth Cells', 'Zinc']
| 22,328,592
|
[['G07.345.124'], ['B01.050'], ['G04.152'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.500', 'A11.284.430.214.190.875.190.190'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['D02.172.530', 'D02.442.726.200'], ['E02.421.360', 'E02.642.500.360'], ['C06.405.205.596.700', 'C06.405.469.363.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['C23.550.470'], ['A03.556.124.684'], ['B03.440.450.425.425.600', 'B03.660.250.150.400.590'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['A03.556.124.369.700', 'A10.615.550.444.700', 'A11.436.700'], ['D01.268.556.940', 'D01.268.956.906', 'D01.552.544.940']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
The dual-use dilemma for the life sciences: perspectives, conundrums, and global solutions.
|
The term "dual-use" traditionally has been used to describe technologies that could have both civilian and military usage, but this term has at least three different dimensions that pose a dilemma for modern biology and its possible misuse for hostile purposes: (1) ostensibly civilian facilities that are in fact intended for military or terrorist bioweapons development and production; (2) equipment and agents that could be misappropriated and misused for biological weapons development and production; and (3) the generation and dissemination of scientific knowledge that could be misapplied for biological weapons development and production. These three different aspects of the "dual-use dilemma" are frequently confused--each demands a distinct approach within a "web of prevention" in order to reduce the future risk of bioterrorism and biowarfare. This article discusses the nature of the different perspectives and divergent approaches as a contribution to finding a scientifically acceptable global solution to the problem posed by the dual-use dilemma. We propose that: (1) facilities that are intended for bioweapons development and production should be primarily prevented by a strengthened Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention (BTWC) effectively implemented in all nation states, one that includes provisions for adequate transparency to improve confidence and a mechanism for thorough inspections when there is sufficient cause, and enhanced law enforcement activities involving international cooperation and sharing of critical intelligence information; (2) potentially dual-use equipment and agents should be available to legitimate users for peaceful purposes, but strengthened national biosafety and physical and personnel biosecurity controls in all nations together with effective export controls should be implemented to limit the potential for the misappropriation of such equipment and materials; and (3) information should be openly accessible by the global scientific community, but a culture of responsible conduct involving the breadth of the international life sciences communities should be adopted to protect the ongoing revolution in the life sciences from being hijacked for hostile misuse of the knowledge generated and communicated by life scientists.
|
['Access to Information', 'Biological Science Disciplines', 'Biological Warfare', 'Biotechnology', 'Containment of Biohazards', 'Diffusion of Innovation', 'Global Health', 'Humans', 'International Cooperation', 'Military Science', 'Public Health', 'Security Measures', 'Social Responsibility']
| 16,999,588
|
[['I01.880.604.473.352.500.030', 'L01.143.024', 'L01.737.030'], ['H01.158'], ['I01.880.735.950.500.226'], ['H01.158.550', 'J01.897.120'], ['E05.235', 'N06.850.135.060.075.249'], ['L01.143.320'], ['H02.403.371', 'N01.400.337'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['I01.615.500'], ['J01.675'], ['H02.403.720', 'N01.400.550', 'N06.850'], ['N04.452.910'], ['F01.829.500.760', 'K01.752.566.869']]
|
['Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Humanities [K]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Cancer procoagulant in patients with adenocarcinomas.
|
Cancer procoagulant (CP) is a cysteine proteinase that may be produced by malignant and foetal tissue. The possible role of CP in the pathogenesis of cancer-related thrombosis has been suggested recently. The purpose of the study was to evaluate coagulation prothrombotic markers and their relation to CP concentration in the blood of patients with gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas (GIAC). The study group consisted of 45 patients with confirmed diagnosis of adenocarcinoma (stomach, 18 patients; colon, 27 patients) and without evident metastatic disease. In 24 patients further observation showed metastases. The control group for CP was composed of 10 healthy subjects. Blood samples were drawn on the admission day, before any treatment. Among 45 patients with GIAC, deep venous thrombosis was observed in two (4.4%). In all patients the CP activity in the serum was found, and the mean CP activity shortened the coagulation time almost three times compared with the healthy control group. Also, the mean thrombin-antithrombin complex concentration was above the normal range. A significant elevation of the mean prothrombin fragment 1+2 plasma content in this group of patients was noticed. Despite these observations, CP remained within the normal range and did not correlate with thrombin-antithrombin complex or prothrombin fragment 1+2 plasma concentrations. A positive correlation was observed between serum CP and fibrinogen concentration, and a negative correlation between CP and free protein S plasma content (P = 0.04 and P = 0.025, respectively). A negative correlation between activated protein C resistance ratio and protein C activity in the plasma was confirmed. Protein C activity in the plasma showed a correlation with free protein S plasma content. Analysis of factors influencing the activated partial thromboplastin time revealed the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies in seven persons from the study group (in three cases of IgG and in four cases of IgM class). Our data suggest that CP is a minor risk factor for deep venous thrombosis in GIAC patients. To confirm this, however, the number of patients and controls should be larger. After 3 years of observation, the follow-up in 10 living GIAC patients showed nobody with thromboembolic disease.
|
['Adenocarcinoma', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Biomarkers', 'Blood Proteins', 'Colonic Neoplasms', 'Cysteine Endopeptidases', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasm Proteins', 'Partial Thromboplastin Time', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Risk Factors', 'Stomach Neoplasms', 'Venous Thrombosis']
| 16,269,926
|
[['C04.557.470.200.025'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D23.101'], ['D12.776.124'], ['C04.588.274.476.411.307.180', 'C06.301.371.411.307.180', 'C06.405.249.411.307.180', 'C06.405.469.158.356.180', 'C06.405.469.491.307.180'], ['D08.811.277.656.262.500', 'D08.811.277.656.300.200'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D12.776.624'], ['E01.370.225.625.115.600', 'E05.200.625.115.600', 'G09.188.660'], ['E05.318.370.800.650', 'N05.715.360.325.700.640', 'N06.850.520.445.800.650'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['C04.588.274.476.767', 'C06.301.371.767', 'C06.405.249.767', 'C06.405.748.789'], ['C14.907.355.830.925']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Photoactivation of Drosophila melanogaster
|
Cryptochromes are blue-light photoreceptor proteins, which provide input to circadian clocks. The cryptochrome from Drosophila melanogaster (DmCry) modulates the degradation of Timeless and itself. It is unclear how light absorption by the chromophore and the subsequent redox reactions trigger these events. Here, we use nano- to millisecond time-resolved x-ray solution scattering to reveal the light-activated conformational changes in DmCry and the related (6-4) photolyase. DmCry undergoes a series of structural changes, culminating in the release of the carboxyl-terminal tail (CTT). The photolyase has a simpler structural response. We find that the CTT release in DmCry depends on pH. Mutation of a conserved histidine, important for the biochemical activity of DmCry, does not affect transduction of the structural signal to the CTT. Instead, molecular dynamics simulations suggest that it stabilizes the CTT in the resting-state conformation. Our structural photocycle unravels the first molecular events of signal transduction in an animal cryptochrome.
|
['Animals', 'Catalytic Domain', 'Cryptochromes', 'Drosophila melanogaster', 'Hydrogen Bonding', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Light', 'Models, Biological', 'Molecular Dynamics Simulation', 'Protein Conformation', 'Signal Transduction', 'Spectrum Analysis', 'Structure-Activity Relationship']
| 31,328,161
|
[['B01.050'], ['G02.111.570.120.704', 'G02.111.570.820.709.275.750.188'], ['D12.644.360.138.150', 'D12.776.331.180', 'D12.776.476.156.250', 'D12.776.765.593.500'], ['B01.050.500.131.617.720.500.500.750.310.250.500'], ['G02.282'], ['G02.300'], ['G01.358.500.505.650', 'G01.590.540', 'G01.750.250.650', 'G01.750.770.578'], ['E05.599.395'], ['E05.599.595.500', 'G02.111.570.895', 'L01.224.160.500'], ['G02.111.570.820.709'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['E05.196.867'], ['G02.111.830', 'G07.690.773.997']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Synthetic tetrapeptides related to dermorphin: potent long lasting analgesic action following subcutaneous administration.
|
To examine the opioid properties of D-MetO2-dermorphin tetrapeptides, eight new analogues based on the following formula, X-Tyr-D-MetO-Phe-aa-Y, were prepared. All these peptides show dose-related naloxone-reversible opioid effects in vitro and in vivo. Substitution of Sar or Gly-ol for Gly4 were well tolerated by the isolated guinea pig-ileum preparation as well as in the tail-flick test, while alkyl-amidation of the C-terminal proved detrimental. The central activity of H-Tyr-D-MetO-Phe-Gly-NH2, the most potent compound in the series, was higher than that of dermorphin. Following intracerebroventricular or subcutaneous administrations in mice, H-Tyr-D-MetO-Phe-Gly-NH2 was about 1500 and 17 times as analgesic as morphine, respectively.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Analgesics', 'Animals', 'Biological Assay', 'Guinea Pigs', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Injections, Subcutaneous', 'Oligopeptides', 'Opioid Peptides', 'Structure-Activity Relationship']
| 3,831,956
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['D27.505.696.663.850.014', 'D27.505.954.427.040'], ['B01.050'], ['E05.091'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.550'], ['E05.481'], ['E02.319.267.530.620'], ['D12.644.456'], ['D12.644.400.575', 'D12.776.631.650.575'], ['G02.111.830', 'G07.690.773.997']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Gastroparesis and jejunal feeding.
|
A kidney transplant patient with diabetic gastroparesis was effectively treated by jejunal feeding. The patient, a 31-year-old woman, has a complicated medical history, with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Complications include kidney failure followed by transplantation, bilateral knee amputations, and being registered blind. She was admitted with nausea and vomiting for the previous 6 days; the provisional diagnosis was diabetic gastroparesis. Various treatments were tried, including several prokinetic drugs and total parenteral nutrition. The total parenteral nutrition provided most of the patient's nutritional requirements, and, only slight weight loss was observed. Nothing seemed to improve the symptoms of vomiting. An endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, a radiographic examination of the bile and pancreatic ducts, was performed to exclude obstruction. At the same time, having found nothing, a gastrostomy was placed with a jejunal extension. Feeding was established within 3 days. Her weight remained stable after 7 weeks of jejunal feeding. She had started to increase her oral intake of solid foods and fluids. By 8 weeks, she was taking a full oral diet and fluids. Now, 14 weeks after the placement of the gastrostomy tube with the jejunal extension, she is doing well. Her weight remains stable and her oral intake is excellent. Her diabetes is under control. After 22 weeks, the gastrostomy was removed. After this success with jejunal feeding when all other treatments had failed, this treatment could be used to treat future diabetic gastroparesis. Slow introduction of the feed seems to help toleration.
|
['Adult', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1', 'Diabetic Nephropathies', 'Diabetic Retinopathy', 'Enteral Nutrition', 'Female', 'Gastroparesis', 'Gastrostomy', 'Humans', 'Jejunum', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 10,528,053
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['C18.452.394.750.124', 'C19.246.267', 'C20.111.327'], ['C12.777.419.192', 'C13.351.968.419.192', 'C19.246.099.875'], ['C11.768.257', 'C14.907.320.382', 'C19.246.099.500.382'], ['E02.421.360', 'E02.642.500.360'], ['C06.405.748.543', 'C23.888.592.636.263'], ['E04.210.496', 'E04.579.408'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A03.556.124.684.500', 'A03.556.249.750'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Partial complementation of a DNA ligase I deficiency by DNA ligase III and its impact on cell survival and telomere stability in mammalian cells.
|
DNA ligase I (LigI) plays a central role in the joining of strand interruptions during replication and repair. In our current study, we provide evidence that DNA ligase III (LigIII) and XRCC1, which form a complex that functions in single-strand break repair, are required for the proliferation of mammalian LigI-depleted cells. We show from our data that in cells with either dysfunctional LigI activity or depleted of this enzyme, both LigIII and XRCC1 are retained on the chromatin and accumulate at replication foci. We also demonstrate that the LigI and LigIII proteins cooperate to inhibit sister chromatid exchanges but that only LigI prevents telomere sister fusions. Taken together, these results suggest that in cells with dysfunctional LigI, LigIII contributes to the ligation of replication intermediates but not to the prevention of telomeric instability.
|
['Animals', 'Blotting, Western', 'Cell Survival', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Chromatin', 'Colony-Forming Units Assay', 'DNA Damage', 'DNA Ligase ATP', 'DNA Ligases', 'DNA Repair', 'DNA Replication', 'DNA-Binding Proteins', 'Embryo, Mammalian', 'Fibroblasts', 'Fluorescent Antibody Technique', 'Genetic Complementation Test', 'Humans', 'In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence', 'Mice', 'Mice, Knockout', 'Mitosis', 'Poly-ADP-Ribose Binding Proteins', 'RNA, Small Interfering', 'Sister Chromatid Exchange', 'Telomere', 'X-ray Repair Cross Complementing Protein 1', 'Xenopus Proteins']
| 22,460,582
|
[['B01.050'], ['E05.196.401.143', 'E05.301.300.096', 'E05.478.566.320.200', 'E05.601.262', 'E05.601.470.320.200'], ['G04.346'], ['A11.251'], ['A11.284.430.106.279.345.190.160.180', 'D12.776.664.224', 'G05.360.160.180'], ['E01.370.225.500.383', 'E05.200.500.383', 'E05.242.383'], ['G05.200'], ['D08.811.074.500.500', 'D08.811.464.754.600.500'], ['D08.811.074.500', 'D08.811.464.754.600'], ['G02.111.222', 'G05.219'], ['G02.111.225', 'G05.226'], ['D12.776.260'], ['A16.254'], ['A11.329.228'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512.240', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512.240', 'E05.200.500.607.512.240', 'E05.200.750.551.512.240', 'E05.478.583.375'], ['E05.393.281.526'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.670.325.350', 'E01.370.225.750.600.670.325.350', 'E05.200.500.620.670.325.350', 'E05.200.750.600.670.325.350', 'E05.393.285.350', 'E05.393.661.475.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.136.500.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.455', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800.500'], ['G04.144.220.220.781', 'G05.113.220.781'], ['D12.776.157.687', 'D12.776.660.720'], ['D13.150.650.700', 'D13.444.735.150.700', 'D13.444.735.790.552.875'], ['G05.728.615.750'], ['A11.284.430.106.279.345.190.160.845', 'G05.360.160.845'], ['D12.776.157.687.813', 'D12.776.260.963', 'D12.776.660.720.813'], ['D12.776.045.500']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Older adult users of outpatient mental health services.
|
Descriptive demographic, clinical and interview data from clients of an outpatient mental health clinic for older adults are presented. These clients are better educated and have a more frequent history of marital difficulties than older adults in general. Although a significant minority received V code and Adjustment Disorder diagnoses, the majority were depressed and had histories of prior mental health services. Economic factors are a major issue in seeking services.
|
['Aged', 'Community Mental Health Services', 'Educational Status', 'Female', 'Health Services for the Aged', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Marriage', 'Middle Aged']
| 2,019,100
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['F04.408.307', 'N02.421.143.183', 'N02.421.461.232'], ['N01.824.196'], ['N02.421.320'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.829.263.315.500.500', 'I01.240.361.500.500', 'I01.880.853.150.423.500.500', 'N01.224.361.500.500', 'N01.824.308.500.500'], ['M01.060.116.630']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
The lack of transmission of NANB/C hepatitis between acute and chronically infected patients and their heterosexual partners.
|
In order to study the risk of heterosexual transmission of non-A, non-B/C (NANB/C) hepatitis, 34 spouses and/or sexual partners to 34 index patients (13 women, 21 men; median age 39 years) with acute NANB/C hepatitis (anti-HCV positive 13/34) were repeatedly tested for antibodies to hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV) and serum alanine aminotransferase (S-ALAT) values. Spouses and/or sexual partners to 13 patients with chronic NANB/C hepatitis (11/13 anti-HCV positive) were also studied by determining anti-HCV and S-ALAT levels. No conclusive evidence of heterosexual transmission of NANB/C hepatitis was found.
|
['Acute Disease', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Alanine Transaminase', 'Chronic Disease', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Hepatitis Antibodies', 'Hepatitis C', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Probability', 'Risk Factors', 'Sexual Behavior', 'Sexual Partners', 'Sexually Transmitted Diseases', 'Substance Abuse, Intravenous', 'Transfusion Reaction']
| 1,957,126
|
[['C23.550.291.125'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D08.811.913.477.700.100'], ['C23.550.291.500'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.254.450', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.254.450', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.254.450'], ['C01.221.250.750', 'C01.925.440.440', 'C01.925.782.350.350', 'C06.552.380.705.440'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.740.600', 'G17.680', 'N05.715.360.750.625', 'N06.850.520.830.600'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['F01.145.802'], ['M01.778'], ['C01.221.812', 'C01.778', 'C12.294.668', 'C13.351.500.711', 'C23.550.291.531.937'], ['C25.775.793', 'F03.900.793'], ['C15.378.962', 'C20.920']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Can subtypes of contact lens-associated corneal infiltrative events be clinically differentiated?
|
PURPOSE: A schema has recently been described for clinical differentiation among 4 symptomatic subtypes of contact lens-associated corneal infiltrative events (CIEs): microbial keratitis (MK), contact lens-induced peripheral ulcer (CLPU), contact lens-induced acute red eye (CLARE), and infiltrative keratitis (IK). The clinical utility of this schema has been challenged in the literature. The aim of this study is to determine whether it is possible to clinically differentiate among these conditions.METHODS: Criteria for MK, CLPU, CLARE, and IK were applied to a data set of 111 contact lens-associated CIEs, spanning a wide range of clinical severities, presenting consecutively to a hospital clinic. A Venn diagram analysis was used to determine the extent to which these conditions can be clinically differentiated.RESULTS: Of the 111 CIEs, 20% could be classified unambiguously as MK, CLPU, CLARE, or IK, 56% could be classified as 1 of 2 conditions, 13% could be classified as 1 of 3 conditions, and 0% could be classified as 1 of 4 conditions. Eleven percent of CIEs could not be classified as any of the 4 conditions.CONCLUSIONS: Although the etiology of CIEs is multifactorial, the considerable overlap between the clinical presentation of MK, CLPU, CLARE, and IK is such that it is not possible to clinically differentiate between them with any degree of certainty. A preferred approach might be to consider CIEs as part of a disease continuum whereby these events can manifest in various degrees of severity, depending as well on the point at which the condition is observed in the course of the natural history of the disease.
|
['Contact Lenses', 'Cornea', 'Corneal Ulcer', 'Diagnosis, Differential', 'Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological', 'Humans', 'Keratitis', 'Prospective Studies', 'Severity of Illness Index']
| 16,783,142
|
[['E07.632.500.276'], ['A09.371.060.217'], ['C01.375.177', 'C11.204.564.225', 'C11.294.177'], ['E01.171'], ['E01.370.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C11.204.564'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475.456.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.364.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.364.500']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
[Blood oxygenation in patients with arterial occlusive diseases of the lower limbs].
|
The examination of 25 patients after intraarterial infusions of hydrogen peroxide has shown that temporary oxygen supersaturation of blood can improve the oxygenation of tissues.
|
['Adult', 'Arteriosclerosis Obliterans', 'Endarteritis', 'Femoral Artery', 'Humans', 'Hydrogen Peroxide', 'Hypoxia', 'Infusions, Intra-Arterial', 'Ischemia', 'Leg', 'Middle Aged', 'Oxygen']
| 4,090,189
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['C14.907.137.126.114'], ['C14.907.940.090.340'], ['A07.015.114.351'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D01.248.497.158.685.750.424', 'D01.339.431.374.424', 'D01.650.550.750.400', 'D02.389.338.253'], ['C23.888.852.079'], ['E02.319.267.510.520'], ['C23.550.513'], ['A01.378.610.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D01.268.185.550', 'D01.362.670']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Massive endometriosis in two rhesus monkeys.
|
Massive endometriosis was found in two rhesus monkeys during a chronic toxicological experiment. These cases had metastatic lesions in lymph nodes in addition to the foci on the serosal wall of pelvic organs. Invasion to the intestinal mucosal layer was also noted in a case. These observation indicated that endometriosis in the rhesus monkey might behave like a malignant neoplasm.
|
['Animals', 'Endometriosis', 'Intestinal Neoplasms', 'Lymphatic Metastasis', 'Macaca mulatta', 'Monkey Diseases', 'Urinary Bladder Neoplasms']
| 2,792,209
|
[['B01.050'], ['C13.351.500.163'], ['C04.588.274.476.411', 'C06.301.371.411', 'C06.405.249.411', 'C06.405.469.491'], ['C04.697.650.560', 'C23.550.727.650.560'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.199.120.510.550'], ['C22.735.500'], ['C04.588.945.947.960', 'C12.758.820.968', 'C12.777.829.813', 'C13.351.937.820.945', 'C13.351.968.829.707']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Percutaneous mitral valve repair with MitraClip for severe functional mitral regurgitation.
|
A 67-year-old Chinese woman with comorbidities of chronic obstructive lung disease, hypertension and prior coronary artery bypass surgery presented with severe functional mitral regurgitation (MR) and severely depressed left ventricular function. She was in New York Heart Association (NYHA) Class II-III. Due to high surgical risk, she was referred for percutaneous treatment with the MitraClip valve repair system. This procedure is typically performed via the femoral venous system and involves a transseptal puncture. A clip is delivered to grasp the regurgitant mitral valve leaflets and reduce MR. This was performed uneventfully in our patient, with reduction of MR from 4+ to 1+. She was discharged on post-procedure Day 2 and her NYHA class improved to Class I. This was the first successful MitraClip procedure performed in Asia and represents a valuable treatment option in patients with severe MR, especially those with functional MR or those at high surgical risk.
|
['Aged', 'Cardiac Surgical Procedures', 'Cardiology', 'Catheters', 'Echocardiography', 'Equipment and Supplies', 'Female', 'Heart Ventricles', 'Humans', 'Mitral Valve', 'Mitral Valve Insufficiency', 'Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive', 'Risk', 'Ultrasonography, Doppler', 'Ventricular Dysfunction, Left']
| 23,338,929
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['E04.100.376', 'E04.928.220'], ['H02.403.429.163'], ['E07.132'], ['E01.370.350.130.750', 'E01.370.350.850.220', 'E01.370.370.380.220'], ['E07'], ['A07.541.560'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A07.541.510.507'], ['C14.280.484.461'], ['C08.381.495.389'], ['E05.318.740.600.800', 'G17.680.750', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800'], ['E01.370.350.850.850'], ['C14.280.945.900']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Efficacy and tolerability of two different formulations of atorvastatin in Korean patients with hypercholesterolemia: a multicenter, prospective, randomized clinical trial.
|
PURPOSE: This study was designed to compare the efficacy and tolerability of the generic formulation (Atorva®) and the reference formulation (Lipitor®) of atorvastatin, both at a dosage of 20 mg once daily.METHODS: This study was a prospective open-label, randomized controlled study. Hypercholesterolemic patients who had not achieved low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol goals according to the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP-ATP III) guideline were randomized to generic formulation or reference formulation of atorvastatin. The primary end point was the percent change of blood LDL cholesterol at 8 weeks from the baseline. The secondary end points included the percent changes of total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), apolipoprotein B (ApoB), and apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1) levels, the percent changes of ApoB/ApoA1 and total cholesterol/HDL cholesterol ratios, and the change in high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) levels. The LDL cholesterol goal achievement rate according to the NCEP-ATP III guideline was also evaluated.RESULTS: Three hundred and seventy-six patients were randomized, and 346 patients (176 in the generic group and 170 in the reference group) completed the study. After the 8 weeks of treatment, LDL cholesterol level was significantly decreased in both the groups, and the decrement was comparable between the two groups (-43.9%±15.3% in the generic group, -43.3%±17.0% in the reference group, P=0.705). The percent changes of total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, TG, ApoB, ApoA1, ApoB/ApoA1 ratio, total cholesterol/HDL cholesterol ratio, and hsCRP showed insignificant difference between the two groups. However, LDL cholesterol goal achievement rate was significantly higher in the generic group compared to the reference group (90.6% vs 83.0%, P=0.039) in per-protocol analysis. Adverse event rate was comparable between the two groups (12.0% vs 13.7%, P=0.804).CONCLUSION: The generic formulation of atorvastatin 20 mg was not inferior to the reference formulation of atorvastatin 20 mg in the management of hypercholesterolemia.
|
['Atorvastatin', 'Drug Administration Schedule', 'Drug Compounding', 'Drug Tolerance', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hypercholesterolemia', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Molecular Conformation', 'Prospective Studies', 'Republic of Korea']
| 28,814,835
|
[['D03.383.129.578.075', 'D10.251.450.200'], ['E02.319.283'], ['E05.916.270'], ['G07.690.773.992'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C18.452.584.500.500.396'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G02.111.570.820'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['Z01.252.474.557.750']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Hepatitis C genotyping by denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography.
|
Determination of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype for infected patients increasingly has become accepted as the standard of care. Genotype assignment helps in assessing disease prognosis and assists in establishing the appropriate duration of treatment. The great genetic diversity of HCV, with 11 major genotypes and >70 subtypes, contributes to the technical difficulty of genotype testing. While the "gold standard" for testing is nucleic acid sequencing, a variety of hybridization assays, including the line probe assay, have been developed to provide more rapid and accessible forms of testing. The aim of this study was to determine whether denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography (dHPLC) could be used as a clinical method for distinguishing HCV genotypes 1, 2, 3, and 4. A portion of the 5' untranslated region of the HCV genome was amplified by heminested multiplex reverse transcription PCR. The two amplicons then were analyzed by dHPLC analysis and compared to the genotypes determined by sequence analysis. After 115 specimens were analyzed as standards, 200 masked specimens (specimens whose identity was not known before testing) were analyzed to determine the concordance of the assay. The assay had a concordance of 96% at the genotype level and a concordance of 87% at the subtype level. However, the dHPLC method was not as accurate as other reported methods of HCV genotyping. This is the first time that HCV genotyping has been performed by dHPLC.
|
["5' Untranslated Regions", 'Base Sequence', 'Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'Genotype', 'Hepacivirus', 'Molecular Sequence Data']
| 14,715,747
|
[['D13.444.735.544.875.885', 'D13.444.735.790.878.885', 'G05.360.340.024.220.880.885', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.910.885'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['E05.196.181.400.300'], ['G05.380'], ['B04.450.380', 'B04.820.578.344.475'], ['L01.453.245.667']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The 150/30 formulation. Experience in the United Kingdom.
|
Oral contraceptive agents (OCs) containing levonorgestrel, 150 micrograms, and ethinyl estradiol, 30 micrograms, account for almost half the sales of such agents in the United Kingdom. The remarkable success of this formulation has occurred primarily because it provides extremely low doses of both hormonal constituents yet still gives most users a very acceptable bleeding pattern: the incidence of breakthrough bleeding is about 6% and of amenorrhea, less than 3%. Approximately 90% of users have cycle lengths of 28 +/- 3 days. The risk of serious side effects is significantly lower than with formulas containing higher doses of progestogen and/or estrogen. Minor side effects occur in only a small percentage of cycles. Headache is reported in approximately 10% of all cycles and should be regarded as a potential indicator of increased risk. If it presents as focal migraine, use of the combined OC should be discontinued. The contraceptive effectiveness of the 150/30 formulation is similar to that of the 50 micrograms formulations among compliant women; in less compliant women the margin of error is reduced, and the possibility of an increased risk of accidental pregnancy must be considered.
|
['Adult', 'Cardiovascular Diseases', 'Clinical Trials as Topic', 'Contraceptives, Oral', 'Contraceptives, Oral, Combined', 'Contraceptives, Oral, Synthetic', 'Ethinyl Estradiol', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Levonorgestrel', 'Middle Aged', 'Norgestrel', 'Risk', 'Smoking', 'Stereoisomerism', 'United Kingdom']
| 6,403,702
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['C14'], ['E05.318.372.250.250', 'N05.715.360.330.250.250', 'N06.850.520.450.250.250'], ['D27.505.696.875.360.276.210', 'D27.505.954.705.360.276.210'], ['D26.310.360', 'D27.505.696.875.360.276.210.100', 'D27.505.954.705.360.276.210.100'], ['D27.505.696.875.360.276.210.443', 'D27.505.954.705.360.276.210.443'], ['D04.210.500.668.651.568.291', 'D06.472.334.851.437.968.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D04.210.500.668.651.693.762.450'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D04.210.500.668.651.693.762'], ['E05.318.740.600.800', 'G17.680.750', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800'], ['F01.145.805'], ['G02.607.445.682'], ['Z01.542.363']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Aspirin inhibits nuclear factor-kappa B mobilization and monocyte adhesion in stimulated human endothelial cells.
|
BACKGROUND: The induction of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and E-selectin by tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) is mediated by mobilization of the transcription factor nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappa B). Since salicylates have been reported to inhibit NF-kappa B activation by preventing the degradation of its inhibitor I kappa B, we studied a potential inhibition of this pathway by acetylsalicylate (aspirin) in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs).METHODS AND RESULTS: Gel-shift analyses demonstrated dose-dependent inhibition of TNF-induced NF-kappa B mobilization by aspirin at concentrations ranging from 1 to 10 mmol/L. Induction of VCAM-1 and E-selectin surface expression by TNF was dose-dependently reduced by aspirin over the same range, while induction of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) was hardly affected. Aspirin appeared to prevent VCAM-1 transcription, since it dose-dependently inhibited induction of VCAM-1 mRNA by TNF. As a functional consequence, adhesion of U937 monocytes to TNF-stimulated HUVECs was markedly reduced by aspirin due to suppression of VCAM-1 and E-selectin upregulation. These effects of aspirin were not related to the inhibition of cyclooxygenase activity, since indomethacin was ineffective.CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that aspirin inhibits NF-kappa B mobilization, induction of VCAM-1 and E-selectin, and subsequent monocyte adhesion in endothelial cells stimulated by TNF, thereby providing an additional mechanism for therapeutic effects of aspirin.
|
['Aspirin', 'Cell Adhesion', 'Cell Adhesion Molecules', 'Cells, Cultured', 'E-Selectin', 'Endothelium, Vascular', 'Humans', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Monocytes', 'NF-kappa B', 'Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha', 'Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1']
| 7,534,663
|
[['D02.455.426.559.389.657.410.595.176'], ['G04.022'], ['D12.776.395.550.200', 'D12.776.543.550.200', 'D23.050.301.350'], ['A11.251'], ['D12.776.395.550.200.700.300', 'D12.776.503.843.300', 'D12.776.543.550.200.700.300', 'D23.050.301.350.700.300'], ['A07.015.700.500', 'A10.272.491.355'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.481'], ['A11.118.637.555.652', 'A11.148.580', 'A11.627.624', 'A11.733.547', 'A15.145.229.637.555.652', 'A15.378.316.580', 'A15.382.490.555.652', 'A15.382.670.547', 'A15.382.680.547'], ['D05.500.672', 'D12.776.260.600', 'D12.776.660.600', 'D12.776.930.600'], ['D12.644.276.374.500.800', 'D12.644.276.374.750.626', 'D12.776.124.900', 'D12.776.395.930', 'D12.776.467.374.500.800', 'D12.776.467.374.750.626', 'D23.529.374.500.800', 'D23.529.374.750.626'], ['D12.776.395.550.200.920', 'D12.776.543.550.200.920', 'D23.050.301.350.920']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Arch index as a predictor of pes planus: a comparative study of indigenous Kenyans and Tanzanians.
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We determined the arch index of able-bodied indigenous Kenyan and Tanzanian individuals free of foot pain by using their dynamic footprints to classify the foot arch type and determine the prevalence of pes planus according to a previously described method. Males had a significantly higher arch index than females in both groups, and the prevalence of pes planus in Kenyans was 432 per 1,000 population, the highest ever documented and twice as high as that in Tanzanians (203 per 1,000 population). The arch index is useful in determining the prevalence of pes planus and possibly predicting pathologic foot conditions, and it may serve as an early warning sign of structural and functional defects of the foot in a given population.
|
['Adolescent', 'Child', 'Female', 'Flatfoot', 'Foot', 'Humans', 'Kenya', 'Male', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Prevalence', 'Sex Factors', 'Tanzania']
| 15,901,815
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.406'], ['C05.330.488.655.250', 'C05.330.495.681.250', 'C05.660.585.512.380.813.250', 'C16.131.621.585.512.500.681.250'], ['A01.378.610.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.058.290.120.400'], ['E05.318.370.800.650', 'N05.715.360.325.700.640', 'N06.850.520.445.800.650'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['N05.715.350.675', 'N06.850.490.875'], ['Z01.058.290.120.840']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Comparison of camera-based 99mTc-MAG3 and 24-hour creatinine clearances for evaluation of kidney function.
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OBJECTIVE: The 24-hour creatinine clearance is the standard clinical technique for measuring kidney function; however, this measurement is cumbersome and inconvenient for patients. We hypothesized that a camera-based technetium-99m mercaptoacetyltriglycine (MAG3) clearance obtained simultaneously with a standard MAG3 scan would correlate well with the 24-hour creatinine clearance and could serve as a simple marker of kidney function.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data were obtained from a retrospective analysis of 28 patients with varying degrees of kidney dysfunction and 85 subjects evaluated for kidney donation. The MAG3 clearance was calculated using a camera-based technique without blood or urine sampling. The creatinine clearance was measured using the plasma creatinine and a 24-hour urine collection. The MAG3 and creatinine clearances were corrected for body surface area, and clearance values in healthy subjects and patients were compared using the paired Student's t test. The linear association between the MAG3 and creatinine clearances was expressed by Pearson's correlation coefficient.RESULTS: The mean MAG3 clearance in the potential kidney donors was 321 +/- 95 mL/min/1.73 m2 (95% CI, 171-546 mL/min/1.73 m2), significantly higher than the mean creatinine clearance of 152 +/- 51 mL/min/1.73 m2 (79-278 mL/min/1.73 m2, p < 0.001). The mean MAG3 clearance in patients was 153 +/- 70 mL/min/1.73 m2 (32-316 mL/min/1.73 m2) and was also significantly higher than the mean creatinine clearance of 74 +/- 36 mL/min/1.73 m2 (21-138 mL/min/1.73 m2, p < 0.001). The ratio of the mean creatinine clearance to the mean MAG3 clearance was essentially the same for volunteers and patients, 0.47 and 0.48, respectively. The Pearson's correlation between the MAG3 and creatinine clearances was 0.80 (0.72-0.86).CONCLUSION: The camera-based 99mTc-MAG3 clearance correlates well with the 24-hour creatinine clearance and can provide a simple and convenient index of kidney function.
|
['Adult', 'Creatinine', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Kidney', 'Kidney Diseases', 'Kidney Transplantation', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Radionuclide Imaging', 'Radiopharmaceuticals', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Technetium Tc 99m Mertiatide', 'Tissue Donors']
| 16,928,911
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D03.383.129.308.207'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A05.810.453'], ['C12.777.419', 'C13.351.968.419'], ['E02.870.500', 'E04.936.450.485', 'E04.950.774.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.370.350.710', 'E01.370.384.730'], ['D27.505.259.843', 'D27.505.519.871', 'D27.720.470.410.650'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['D02.691.825.775', 'D12.644.456.805'], ['M01.898']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
A novel functional domain of Cdc15 kinase is required for its interaction with Tem1 GTPase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
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Exit from mitosis requires the inactivation of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) activity. In the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a number of gene products have been identified as components of the signal transduction network regulating inactivation of CDK (called the MEN, for the mitotic exit network). Cdc15, one of such components of the MEN, is an essential protein kinase. By the two-hybrid screening, we identified Cdc15 as a binding protein of Tem1 GTPase, another essential regulator of the MEN. Coprecipitation experiments revealed that Tem1 binds to Cdc15 in vivo. By deletion analysis, we found that the Tem1-binding domain resides near the conserved kinase domain of Cdc15. The cdc15-LF mutation, which was introduced into the Tem1-binding domain, reduced the interaction with Cdc15 and Tem1 and caused temperature-sensitive growth. The kinase activity of Cdc15 was not so much affected by the cdc15-LF mutation. However, Cdc15-LF failed to localize to the SPB at the restrictive temperature. Our data show that the interaction with Tem1 is important for the function of Cdc15 and that Cdc15 and Tem1 function in a complex to direct the exit from mitosis.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Binding Sites', 'Cell Cycle Proteins', 'Fungal Proteins', 'GTP-Binding Proteins', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Monomeric GTP-Binding Proteins', 'Mutagenesis', 'Protein Kinases', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins', 'Spindle Apparatus']
| 11,290,702
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['G02.111.570.120'], ['D12.776.167'], ['D12.776.354'], ['D08.811.277.040.330.300', 'D12.776.157.325'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['D08.811.277.040.330.300.400', 'D12.644.360.525', 'D12.776.157.325.515', 'D12.776.476.525'], ['G05.558'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682'], ['B01.300.107.795.785.800', 'B01.300.930.705.655'], ['D12.776.354.750'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.750.820']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Caring for the forensic population: recognizing the educational needs of emergency department nurses and physicians.
|
The Emergency Department (ED) is a point of contact for victims of violence after an act of criminal activity has occurred. Hence, ED clinicians are in a key position to have a significant impact on both the medical and legal outcomes of the forensic patient population. The purpose of this study was to describe and compare forensic knowledge, practice, and experiences of ED nurses and physicians. Specific aims were to (1) describe experiences of nurses and physicians related to forensic practice; (2) compare clinical forensic knowledge and experience between nurses and physicians; and (3) describe forensic learning needs. This descriptive, correlational study utilized a survey questionnaire completed by 134 ED nurses and physicians. Results of the survey revealed no significant differences in the education, knowledge, and confidence with forensic patients between ED nurses and physicians. However, just over half of the sample reported feeling confident in managing forensic patients indicating a need for increased forensic education. Practice implications indicate that forensic education is needed and desired among ED nurses and physicians within the clinical setting. Further studies must be done to gain a more in depth understanding of existing forensic practices and protocols to elevate the level of care received by forensic patients within the ED setting.
|
['Adult', 'Clinical Competence', 'Emergency Medicine', 'Emergency Nursing', 'Emergency Service, Hospital', 'Female', 'Forensic Sciences', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Medical Staff, Hospital', 'Middle Aged', 'Needs Assessment', 'New England', 'Nursing Staff, Hospital', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Young Adult']
| 23,176,357
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['I02.399.630.210', 'N04.761.210', 'N05.715.175'], ['H02.403.250'], ['H02.478.676.200', 'N02.421.533.200'], ['N02.278.216.500.968.336', 'N02.421.297.195', 'N04.452.442.452.422.336'], ['I01.198.780'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.526.485.630.490', 'M01.526.485.740.422', 'N02.360.630.490', 'N02.360.740.422'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['I02.594', 'N03.349.380.565', 'N05.300.537'], ['Z01.107.567.875.550'], ['M01.526.485.680.490', 'M01.526.485.740.523', 'N02.360.680.490', 'N02.360.740.523'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Real-life outcome of anti-tumor necrosis factor á in the ambulatory treatment of ulcerative colitis.
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AIM: To evaluate the outcome of anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha (anti-TNFá) therapy in outpatients with ulcerative colitis at a tertiary referral center.METHODS: All patients with a confirmed diagnosis of ulcerative colitis undergoing therapy with infliximab and/or adalimumab at the outpatient clinic for inflammatory bowel diseases at the University Hospital Heidelberg between January 2011 and February 2014 were retrospectively enrolled. Patients with a follow-up period of less than 6 mo from start of anti-TNFá therapy were excluded. Medical records of all eligible individuals were carefully reviewed. Steroid-free clinical remission of a duration of at least 3 mo, colectomy rate, duration of anti-TNFá therapy, need for anti-TNFá dose escalation, and the occurrence of adverse events were evaluated as the main outcome parameters.RESULTS: Seventy-two patients were included (35 treated with infliximab, 17 with adalimumab, 20 with both consecutively). Median follow-up was 27 mo (range: 6-87 mo). Steroid-free clinical remission was achieved by 22.2% of the patients (median duration: 21 mo until end of follow-up; range: 3-66 mo). Patients attaining steroid-free clinical remission displayed lower hemoglobin and albumin blood levels at the start of treatment than those who did not achieve remission. The overall colectomy rate was 20.8%. Nearly 50% of the patients underwent anti-TNFá dose escalation during the follow-up period. For both the infliximab and the adalimumab treated patients, non-response to anti-TNFá therapy was the major reason for treatment discontinuation. 18.2% of the infliximab-treated patients and 13.5% of the adalimumab-treated patients had to discontinue their therapy due to adverse events.CONCLUSION: Real-life remission rates of ulcerative colitis under anti-TNFá are overall low, but some patients have a clear long-term benefit.
|
['Adalimumab', 'Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Ambulatory Care', 'Anti-Inflammatory Agents', 'Colectomy', 'Colitis, Ulcerative', 'Drug Resistance', 'Drug Substitution', 'Drug Therapy, Combination', 'Female', 'Germany', 'Hospitals, University', 'Humans', 'Infliximab', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Remission Induction', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Steroids', 'Time Factors', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha', 'Young Adult']
| 25,805,935
|
[['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224.060.250', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224.060.250', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224.200.250'], ['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E02.760.106', 'N02.421.585.106'], ['D27.505.954.158'], ['E04.210.219'], ['C06.405.205.265.231', 'C06.405.205.731.249', 'C06.405.469.158.188.231', 'C06.405.469.432.249'], ['G07.690.773.984'], ['E02.319.307.312', 'N02.421.668.778.500.312'], ['E02.319.310'], ['Z01.542.315'], ['N02.278.020.300.310', 'N02.278.421.639.725'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224.608', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224.537', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224.642'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E02.860'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['D04.210.500'], ['G01.910.857'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['D12.644.276.374.500.800', 'D12.644.276.374.750.626', 'D12.776.124.900', 'D12.776.395.930', 'D12.776.467.374.500.800', 'D12.776.467.374.750.626', 'D23.529.374.500.800', 'D23.529.374.750.626'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Elevated marrow inflammatory cells and osteoclasts in subchondral osteosclerosis in human knee osteoarthritis.
|
Subchondral osteosclerosis, characterized by an increase of hypomineralized bone material, is a pathological hallmark of osteoarthritis. The cellular components in the subchondral marrow compartment that participate in this aberrant bone remodeling process remain to be elucidated. This study assessed the presence of marrow inflammatory cells and their relative abundance between nonsclerotic and sclerotic tissues in knee osteoarthritis. Bone samples from osteoarthritic knee tibial plateaus were stratified for histological analyses using computed tomography osteoabsorptiometry. Immunohistological analysis revealed the presence of CD20 (B-lymphocyte) and CD68 (macrophage), but not CD3 (T-lymphocyte) immunoreactive mononuclear cells in subchondral marrow tissues and their relative abundance was significantly increased in sclerotic compared with nonsclerotic bone samples. Multinucleated osteoclasts that stained positive for CD68 and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase, predominantly associated with CD34-positive blood vessels and their abundance was strongly increased in sclerotic samples. Bone-specific alkaline phosphatase activity in outgrowth osteoblasts was induced by conditioned medium from nonsclerotic, but not sclerotic, bone pieces. These results suggest that an interaction between bone-resident cells and marrow inflammatory cells might play a role in aberrant bone remodeling leading to subchondral osteosclerosis. Elevated osteoclast activity in sclerotic bone suggests that bone formation and resorption activities are increased, yet uncoupled, in human knee osteoarthritis.
|
['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Bone Marrow', 'Culture Media, Conditioned', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Osteoarthritis, Knee', 'Osteoblasts', 'Osteoclasts', 'Osteosclerosis', 'Retrospective Studies']
| 26,250,062
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['A15.382.216'], ['D27.720.470.305.250', 'E07.206.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C05.550.114.606.500', 'C05.799.613.500'], ['A11.329.629'], ['A11.329.372.700', 'A11.627.482.700'], ['C05.116.099.708.702'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
IgG subclass responses to Pseudomonas aeruginosa a- and b-type flagellins in patients with cystic fibrosis: a prospective study.
|
Sera from 20 cystic fibrosis patients, whose lungs were colonised by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, were examined in a 3-5-year prospective study for any relationship between IgG subclass antibody levels to P. aeruginosa a- and b-type flagellins and pulmonary function (FEV1 and radiological score). Patients were divided into two groups according to their pulmonary status: group 1 comprised 11 patients with poor pulmonary status; group 2 comprised nine patients with relatively good pulmonary status. High concentrations of IgG1, IgG2 and IgG3 antibodies to flagellins, particularly to the b-type, were found in most patients. IgG4 reactivity was observed in only a few patients. Comparison of the two groups of patients showed that those with poor pulmonary status (group 1) had a significantly higher concentration (p < 0.05) of IgG3 for two of the three periods studied and of IgG2 for the last period studied. Moreover, IgG3 and IgG1 reactivities to b-type flagellin and IgG3 to a-type flagellin were also increased significantly (p < 0.05) in group 1 patients between the first and the last period studied. These patients also showed a significant (p < 0.05) time-dependent increase in IgG3 and IgG1 antibody concentrations. These data demonstrate that cystic fibrosis patients with poorer pulmonary status have higher IgG3 levels to flagellin than other cystic fibrosis patients. High concentrations of strong opsonic IgG3 and, to a lesser degree, of IgG1 antibodies may increase pulmonary inflammation and induce heightened pulmonary deterioration.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Antibodies, Bacterial', 'Antigens, Bacterial', 'Child', 'Cystic Fibrosis', 'Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel', 'Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay', 'Female', 'Flagellin', 'Forced Expiratory Volume', 'Humans', 'Immunoblotting', 'Immunoglobulin G', 'Lung', 'Male', 'Prospective Studies', 'Pseudomonas Infections', 'Pseudomonas aeruginosa', 'Silver Staining']
| 7,562,988
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.107', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.125', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.125'], ['D23.050.161'], ['M01.060.406'], ['C06.689.202', 'C08.381.187', 'C16.320.190', 'C16.614.213'], ['E05.196.401.402', 'E05.301.300.319'], ['E05.478.566.350.170', 'E05.478.566.380.360', 'E05.478.583.400.170', 'E05.601.470.350.170', 'E05.601.470.380.360'], ['D12.776.097.380'], ['E01.370.386.700.660.230', 'G09.772.650.430'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.478.566.320', 'E05.601.470.320'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.619.393', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.619.393', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.619.393'], ['A04.411'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['C01.150.252.400.739'], ['B03.440.400.425.625.625.100', 'B03.660.250.580.590.050'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.670.780', 'E01.370.225.750.600.670.780', 'E05.200.500.620.670.780', 'E05.200.750.600.670.780']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Pattern of connexin 26 (GJB2) mutations causing sensorineural hearing impairment in Ghana.
|
Mutations of the connexin 26 gene (GJB2) were studied in 365 apparently unrelated individuals with profound nonsyndromic, sensorineural hearing impairment from Ghana, West Africa. Among 121 mutated chromosomes found, 110 carried the previously described R143W mutation. A total of 6 novel mutations: L79P, V178A, R184Q, A197S, I203K, and L214P, were identified, whereby I203K was based on a dinucleotide exchange and R184Q appeared to be dominant. The GJB2 variants found in Ghana tend to comprise less nonsense and frameshift mutations and more mutations located in the C-terminal half of the molecule than the variants found in other parts of the world.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Child', 'Connexin 26', 'Connexins', 'Genes, Dominant', 'Genes, Recessive', 'Genetic Testing', 'Genotype', 'Ghana', 'Hearing Loss, Sensorineural', 'Humans', 'Mutation', 'Mutation, Missense']
| 11,439,000
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.406'], ['D12.776.543.585.250.100'], ['D12.776.543.585.250'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.240', 'G05.420.320'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.415', 'G05.420.325'], ['E01.370.225.562', 'E05.200.562', 'E05.393.435', 'N02.421.308.430', 'N02.421.726.233.221'], ['G05.380'], ['Z01.058.290.190.320'], ['C09.218.458.341.887', 'C10.597.751.418.341.887', 'C23.888.592.763.393.341.887'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G05.365.590'], ['G05.365.590.650']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Lactose malabsorption among the Pima indians of Arizona.
|
Lactose loading tests and other means were used to determine the pattern of primary "adult" lactose malabsorption (LM) and milk use among 171 subjects, including 122 children and 49 adults, almost all of them Pima Indians of Arizona. LM develops at quite young ages in full-blooded Pima children: already in the 3- to 4-year age group, 40% had LM. Of 62 full-blooded Indians (greater than or equal to 4 years of age), 59 (95%) had LM. Of 41 Indians (greater than or equal to 4 years) who were of mixed Indian-northern European ancestry, however, only 25 (61%) had LM, and, among them, prevalence of LM correlated with degree of northern European admixture. Whereas only 21% of Pima lactose absorbers reported symptoms after the loading test, 72% of malabsorbers did so, with older malabsorbers more likely to experience symptoms. In their everyday lives, only 23% of malabsorbers recognized symptoms brought on by milk consumption, but the percentage of malabsorbers making such an association increased with age. Nevertheless the Pima, adults as well as children, continue to drink reasonable quantities of milk. Family pedigrees are consistent with the hypothesis that adult lactose absorption is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait. Over-all results of this study, moreover, support the geographic hypothesis advanced to explain ethnic or racial differences in prevalence of LM, rather than the induction hypothesis.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Age Factors', 'Animals', 'Arizona', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Feeding Behavior', 'Female', 'Genes, Dominant', 'Humans', 'Indians, North American', 'Infant', 'Lactose Intolerance', 'Lactose Tolerance Test', 'Male', 'Milk', 'Pedigree']
| 578,795
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['B01.050'], ['Z01.107.567.875.760.100'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['F01.145.113.547', 'F01.145.407', 'G07.203.650.353'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.240', 'G05.420.320'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.686.508.150.600'], ['M01.060.703'], ['C06.405.469.637.506', 'C16.320.565.202.589', 'C18.452.603.506', 'C18.452.648.202.589'], ['E01.370.225.124.100.450', 'E01.370.372.450', 'E05.200.124.100.450'], ['A12.200.455', 'A12.790', 'G07.203.100.700', 'G07.203.300.350.525', 'J02.200.700', 'J02.500.350.525'], ['E05.393.673']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Microbleeds and free active MMP-9 are independent risk factors for neurological deterioration in acute lacunar stroke.
|
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: in this prospective study, we evaluated mutual relationships amongst microbleeds, matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and neurological deterioration in patients with their first acute lacunar stroke.METHODS: based on diffusion-weighted image findings, we recruited 206 patients with their first acute lacunar stroke. Those without a MRI scan were excluded. Small (a maximum lesion diameter of 15 mm) areas of subcortical gray and white matter with increased signals were considered as lacunar infarctions. GRE images were obtained within 24 h of the onset of stroke symptoms. Venous blood was sampled at base line (within 24 h). Clinical, biochemical, rheological and inflammatory parameters, neurological scales and free, active MMP-9 levels were compared between patients with and without microbleeds. Neurological deterioration was defined as an increase in more than two points on the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale Score baseline 14 days after the onset of lacunar stroke.RESULTS: of the patients, 79 (38.3%) had microbleeds and 48 (23.3%) showed neurological deterioration. Free, active MMP-9 and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were significantly increased amongst patients with microbleeds (P < 0.001 and P = 0.047, respectively). Existence of microbleeds (RR = 2.47, 95% CI = 1.25-3.83) and increased free, active MMP-9 (RR = 1.10 per 10 ng/ml, 95% CI = 1.03-1.19) were identified as independent risk factors for neurological deterioration after adjusting for potential confounders.DISCUSSION: ncreased levels of active MMP-9 and the existence of microbleeds might be useful in predicting the deterioration following an initial acute lacunar stroke.
|
['Aged', 'Analysis of Variance', 'Brain', 'Cerebral Hemorrhage', 'Disease Progression', 'Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Matrix Metalloproteinase 9', 'Middle Aged', 'Prognosis', 'Prospective Studies', 'Regression Analysis', 'Risk Factors', 'Severity of Illness Index', 'Statistics, Nonparametric', 'Stroke']
| 20,550,564
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['E05.318.740.150', 'N05.715.360.750.125', 'N06.850.520.830.150'], ['A08.186.211'], ['C10.228.140.300.535.200', 'C14.907.253.573.200', 'C23.550.414.913.100'], ['C23.550.291.656'], ['E05.478.566.350.170', 'E05.478.566.380.360', 'E05.478.583.400.170', 'E05.601.470.350.170', 'E05.601.470.380.360'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.480.205.360', 'D08.811.277.656.300.480.252.445', 'D08.811.277.656.300.480.525.700.350', 'D08.811.277.656.675.374.205.360', 'D08.811.277.656.675.374.252.445', 'D08.811.277.656.675.374.525.700.350', 'D12.644.276.848.350', 'D12.776.467.836.350'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.789'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E05.318.740.750', 'N05.715.360.750.695', 'N06.850.520.830.750'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475.456.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.364.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.364.500'], ['E05.318.740.995', 'N05.715.360.750.760', 'N06.850.520.830.995'], ['C10.228.140.300.775', 'C14.907.253.855']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
A versatile in vivo chamber angiogenesis assay for measuring anti-angiogenic activity in mice.
|
We recently described an in vivo angiogenesis assay for rats--an optimized Matrigel plug assay based on subcutaneously implanted chambers with fixed volume and shape. Here we examine the possibility of switching the host animal from rat to mouse, thereby reducing the requirement for test compound an order of magnitude. The chambers consist of a plexiglas ring with a 0.2 ml volume and two nylon net filters. Chambers containing growth factor-reduced Matrigel supplemented with basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) were subcutaneously implanted in the right flank of three different strains of mice; BALB/c, C57BL/6J, and NMRI-nu. On day 10 post-implantation: i) each chamber was taken out, ii) a picture of the induced angiogenic response was taken, and iii) the redness of the chamber content was quantified by computer image analysis. The level of bFGF-induced angiogenesis in the mouse assay was lower than in the previously published rat assay. Importantly, the background angiogenesis in mice in chambers containing Matrigel alone was correspondingly decreased. Therefore, a more sensitive threshold for the computer image analysis was used. In all three strains of mice, bFGF-induced angiogenesis was significantly increased compared to Matrigel alone. Furthermore, the positive anti-angiogenic control compound TNP-470 (10 mg/kg/d s.c.) completely inhibited the bFGF-induced angiogenesis. The in vivo chamber angiogenesis assay allows quantitative analysis of angiogenic and anti-angiogenic activity in mice. The model is very robust and only little influenced by the choice of mouse strain.
|
['Angiogenesis Inhibitors', 'Animals', 'Female', 'Fibroblast Growth Factor 2', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred BALB C', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Mice, Nude', 'Neovascularization, Pathologic']
| 14,719,059
|
[['D27.505.696.377.077.099', 'D27.505.696.377.450.100', 'D27.505.954.248.025'], ['B01.050'], ['D12.644.276.624.120', 'D12.776.467.624.120', 'D23.529.624.120'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.338', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.338'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.500'], ['C23.550.589.500']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Characterization and plasma measurement of the WE-14 peptide in patients with pheochromocytoma.
|
Granins and their derived peptides are valuable circulating biological markers of neuroendocrine tumors. The aim of the present study was to investigate the tumoral chromogranin A (CgA)-derived peptide WE-14 and the potential advantage to combine plasma WE-14 detection with the EM66 assay and the existing current CgA assay for the diagnosis of pheochromocytoma. Compared to healthy volunteers, plasma WE-14 levels were 5.4-fold higher in patients with pheochromocytoma, but returned to normal values after surgical resection of the tumor. Determination of plasma CgA and EM66 concentrations in the same group of patients revealed that the test assays for these markers had an overall 84% diagnostic sensitivity, which is identical to that determined for WE-14. However, we found that WE-14 measurement improved the diagnostic sensitivity when combined with the results of CgA or EM66 assays. By combining the results of the three assays, the sensitivity for the diagnosis of pheochromocytoma was increased to 95%. In fact, the combination of WE-14 with either CgA or EM66 test assays achieved 100% sensitivity for the diagnosis of paragangliomas and sporadic or malignant pheochromocytomas if taken separately to account for the heterogeneity of the tumor. These data indicate that WE-14 is produced in pheochromocytoma and secreted into the general circulation, and that elevated plasma WE-14 levels are correlated with the occurrence of this chromaffin cell tumor. In addition, in association with other biological markers, such as CgA and/or EM66, WE-14 measurement systematically improves the diagnostic sensitivity for pheochromocytoma. These findings support the notion that granin-processing products may represent complementary tools for the diagnosis of neuroendocrine tumors.
|
['Adrenal Gland Neoplasms', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Biomarkers', 'Chromaffin Cells', 'Chromogranin A', 'Female', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic', 'Healthy Volunteers', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Mutation', 'Neoplasm Proteins', 'Neuroendocrine Tumors', 'Peptides', 'Pheochromocytoma', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Young Adult']
| 24,523,932
|
[['C04.588.322.078', 'C19.053.347', 'C19.344.078'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D23.101'], ['A06.224.161', 'A11.299'], ['D12.776.631.199.249'], ['G05.308.370'], ['M01.774.500', 'M01.955.236'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G05.365.590'], ['D12.776.624'], ['C04.557.465.625.650', 'C04.557.580.625.650'], ['D12.644'], ['C04.557.465.625.650.700.725', 'C04.557.580.625.650.700.725'], ['E05.318.370.800.650', 'N05.715.360.325.700.640', 'N06.850.520.445.800.650'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Efficient removal of endosulfan from aqueous solution by UV-C/peroxides: a comparative study.
|
This study explored the efficiency of UV-C-based advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), i.e., UV/S2O8(2-), UV/HSO5(-), and UV/H2O2 for the degradation of endosulfan, an organochlorine insecticide and an emerging water pollutant. A significant removal, 91%, 86%, and 64%, of endosulfan, at an initial concentration of 2.45 ìM and UV fluence of 480 mJ/cm(2), was achieved by UV/S2O8(2-), UV/HSO5(-), and UV/H2O2 processes, respectively, at a [peroxide]0/[endosulfan]0 molar ratio of 20. The efficiency of these processes was, however, inhibited in the presence of radical scavengers, such as alcohols (e.g., tertiary butyl alcohol and isopropyl alcohol) and natural organic matter (NOM). The inhibition was also influenced by common inorganic anions in the order of nitrite > bicarbonate > chloride > nitrate ? sulfate. The observed pseudo-first-order rate constant decreased while the degradation rate increased with increasing initial concentration of the target contaminant. The degradation mechanism of endosulfan by the AOPs was evaluated revealing the main by-product as endosulfan ether. Results of this study suggest that UV-C-based AOPs are potential methods for the removal of pesticides, such as endosulfan and its by-products, from contaminated water.
|
['Alcohols', 'Anions', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation', 'Endosulfan', 'Free Radical Scavengers', 'Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry', 'Hydrogen Peroxide', 'Hydroxyl Radical', 'Kinetics', 'Models, Chemical', 'Organic Chemicals', 'Oxygen', 'Peroxides', 'Pesticides', 'Photolysis', 'Sulfates', 'Ultraviolet Rays', 'Water Pollutants, Chemical', 'Water Purification']
| 24,231,332
|
[['D02.033'], ['D01.248.497.158'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['E05.799.513.500', 'G01.750.740.500', 'G04.712.500', 'G07.225', 'G07.738.500', 'N06.850.810.250.180'], ['D02.886.092.408', 'D03.633.100.197.408'], ['D27.505.519.217.500'], ['E05.196.181.349.500', 'E05.196.566.500'], ['D01.248.497.158.685.750.424', 'D01.339.431.374.424', 'D01.650.550.750.400', 'D02.389.338.253'], ['D01.045.250.357', 'D01.248.497.158.459.300', 'D01.339.431.249'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['E05.599.495'], ['D02'], ['D01.268.185.550', 'D01.362.670'], ['D01.248.497.158.685.750', 'D01.339.431.374', 'D01.650.550.750', 'D02.389.338'], ['D27.720.031.700', 'D27.888.723'], ['G02.740.685'], ['D01.248.497.158.845', 'D01.875.800.800.850'], ['G01.358.500.505.650.891', 'G01.590.540.891', 'G01.750.250.650.891', 'G01.750.750.659', 'G01.750.770.578.891', 'G16.500.275.063.725.525.600', 'G16.500.750.775.525.600', 'N06.230.300.100.725.525.600'], ['D27.888.284.903.655'], ['N06.850.780.200.800.800.900.900', 'N06.850.860.510.900.900']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
[Experimental study on the splenic factor influencing hepatic regeneration].
|
The splenic factor influencing hepatic regeneration was investigated by using primary cultures of adult rat hepatocytes. The uptake of 3H-thymidine into DNA (DNA synthesis) of primary cultured hepatocytes reached maximum at 48 hours after initiation of incubation both in a splenic-extract added group and in a control-solution added group and the former showed significantly lower level (p less than 0.005) of uptake than did the latter. And the 3H-thymidine uptake was lower in a splenic venous serum added group than in an aortic or an inferior vena cava serum added group. This splenic DNA synthesis inhibiting activity was labile against heat and lost activity by trypsinization. Furthermore, when the splenic extract was subjected to gel filtration on a Sephadex G-75 column, DNA synthesis-inhibiting activity was observed in a certain fraction alone, and its molecular weight was estimated to be 50,000-60,000 daltons. Although extracts from thymus, lymph node and kidney also inhibited the uptake of 3H-thymidine, these DNA synthesis-inhibiting activities showed lower levels than that was shown in the splenic-extract added group. From these results, it is likely that a protein-like substance inhibiting hepatic regeneration is present in the spleen.
|
['Animals', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Chromatography, Gel', 'DNA', 'Liver', 'Liver Regeneration', 'Male', 'Molecular Weight', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Strains', 'Spleen', 'Thymidine', 'Tissue Extracts']
| 3,807,879
|
[['B01.050'], ['A11.251'], ['E05.196.181.400.250'], ['D13.444.308'], ['A03.620'], ['G10.261.475', 'G16.762.468'], ['G02.494'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400'], ['A10.549.700', 'A15.382.520.604.700'], ['D03.383.742.680.705', 'D13.570.230.855', 'D13.570.685.705'], ['D20.777']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Northern Spotted Owl (Strix occidentalis caurina) Genome: Divergence with the Barred Owl (Strix varia) and Characterization of Light-Associated Genes.
|
We report here the assembly of a northern spotted owl (Strix occidentalis caurina) genome. We generated Illumina paired-end sequence data at 90? coverage using nine libraries with insert lengths ranging from ?250 to 9,600 nt and read lengths from 100 to 375 nt. The genome assembly is comprised of 8,108 scaffolds totaling 1.26 ? 109 nt in length with an N50 length of 3.98 ? 106 nt. We calculated the genome-wide fixation index (FST) of S. o. caurina with the closely related barred owl (Strix varia) as 0.819. We examined 19 genes that encode proteins with light-dependent functions in our genome assembly as well as in that of the barn owl (Tyto alba). We present genomic evidence for loss of three of these in S. o. caurina and four in T. alba. We suggest that most light-associated gene functions have been maintained in owls and their loss has not proceeded to the same extent as in other dim-light-adapted vertebrates.
|
['Animals', 'Birds', 'Genome', 'Genome, Mitochondrial', 'Light', 'Molecular Sequence Annotation', 'Strigiformes', 'Vision, Ocular']
| 28,992,302
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.248'], ['G05.360.340'], ['G05.360.340.360'], ['G01.358.500.505.650', 'G01.590.540', 'G01.750.250.650', 'G01.750.770.578'], ['E05.393.760.479', 'L01.453.245.667.580'], ['B01.050.150.900.248.815.550'], ['F02.830.816.964', 'G02.111.820.480.900', 'G04.835.480.900', 'G11.561.790.964', 'G14.935']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Epigenotoxicity of environmental pollutants evaluated by a combination of DNA methylation inhibition and capillary electrophoresis-laser-induced fluorescence immunoassay.
|
A variety of environmental pollutants may cause abnormal DNA methylation, which further disturb gene expression. In this work, we developed a rapid and sensitive method for the characterization and identification of the epigenotoxicity of environmental pollutants in terms of DNA methylation. The method combines in vitro inhibition reactions of a model DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) with rapid and sensitive capillary electrophoresis-laser-induced fluorescence (CE-LIF) immunoassays. This method was first assessed using two known DNMT inhibitors, (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate and RG108, and then applied to epigenotoxic evaluation of four aldehydes and six benzo-1,4-quinones. It was found that all these electrophilic chemicals could inhibit DNMT activity, probably due to their interactions with the active sites of DNMT. Interestingly, benzo-1,4-quinones displayed more inhibitory effects on DNMT activity than aldehydes. Among the tested six benzo-1,4-quinones, halogenated benzo-1,4-quinone showed higher inhibitory activity than non-halogenated p-benzo-1,4-quinone. Owing to its speed and sensitivity, our method will be potentially applicable for fast epigenotoxic screening of environmental pollutants and mechanistic study of environmental epigenetics.
|
['DNA', 'DNA Methylation', 'DNA Modification Methylases', 'Electrophoresis, Capillary', 'Environmental Pollutants', 'Enzyme Inhibitors', 'Immunoassay']
| 23,377,082
|
[['D13.444.308'], ['G02.111.035.538.161', 'G02.111.218', 'G03.059.538.161', 'G05.206'], ['D08.811.150.240', 'D08.811.913.555.500.350'], ['E05.196.401.190', 'E05.301.300.190'], ['D27.888.284'], ['D27.505.519.389'], ['E05.478.566', 'E05.601.470']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Methanol metabolism in the Asian corn borer, Ostrinia furnacalis (Guen?e) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae).
|
Plants produce and release large quantities of methanol, especially when attacked by herbivores. It seems that the herbivores may suffer from methanol intoxication. Here we reported the tolerance to and the metabolism of methanol by Ostrinia furnacalis third-instar larvae. When larvae were exposed to dietary methanol, formaldehyde and formic acid for 72h, the estimated LC(50) value was 28, 40 and 29 mg/g diet, respectively. Toxicity of methanol was enhanced by 4-methylpyrazole, 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole and piperonyl butoxide, and toxicity of formaldehyde was increased by 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole and piperonyl butoxide. However, triphenyl phosphate had little synergistic effects on both methanol and formaldehyde. These data indicate that alcohol dehydrogenase, and probably catalase and cytochrome P450 monooxygenase oxidize methanol to formaldehyde, catalase and cytochrome P450 monooxygenase catalyze formaldehyde to formic acid, water and carbon dioxide, and carboxylesterase may have a minor effect. Several fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) were identified from extracts of the frass of larvae which had been exposed to a methanol-contained diet, in contrast to those on a methanol-free artificial diet. In vitro tests revealed that a crude enzyme solution from the larvae could synthesize FAMEs from corresponding fatty acids and methanol. In addition, dietary methanol induced higher esterase activities in the first-, second- and third-instar larvae. These findings demonstrate that both oxidative metabolism and non-oxidative metabolism are partially responsible for methanol elimination in O. furnacalis larvae.
|
['Alcohol Dehydrogenase', 'Animals', 'Catalase', 'Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System', 'Insect Proteins', 'Larva', 'Methanol', 'Moths']
| 19,883,652
|
[['D08.811.682.047.820.250'], ['B01.050'], ['D08.811.682.732.332'], ['D08.244.453', 'D08.811.682.690.708.170', 'D12.776.422.220.453'], ['D12.776.093.500'], ['B05.500.500', 'G07.345.500.550.500.500'], ['D02.033.623'], ['B01.050.500.131.617.720.500.500.937.650']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Effects of gut-directed hypnotherapy on IBS in different clinical settings-results from two randomized, controlled trials.
|
OBJECTIVES: Gut-directed hypnotherapy has been found to be effective in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). However, randomized, controlled studies are rare and few have been performed outside highly specialized research centers. The objective of this study was to study the effect of gut-directed hypnotherapy in IBS in different clinical settings outside the traditional research units.METHODS: The study population included IBS patients refractory to standard management. In study 1, patients were randomized to receive gut-directed hypnotherapy (12 sessions, 1 h/week) in psychology private practices or supportive therapy, whereas patients were randomized to receive gut-directed hypnotherapy in a small county hospital or to serve as waiting list controls in study 2. Gastrointestinal symptom severity and quality of life were evaluated at baseline, at 3 months follow-up and after 1 year.RESULTS: We randomized 138 IBS patients refractory to standard management, 90 in study 1 and 48 in study 2. In both the studies, IBS-related symptoms were improved at 3 months in the gut-directed hypnotherapy groups (P<0.05), but not in the control groups (ns). In study 1, a significantly greater improvement of IBS-related symptom severity could be detected in the gut-directed hypnotherapy group than in the control group (P<0.05), and a trend in the same direction was seen in study 2 (P=0.17). The results seen at 3 months were sustained up to 1 year.CONCLUSIONS: Gut-directed hypnotherapy is an effective treatment alternative for patients with refractory IBS, but the effectiveness is lower when the therapy is given outside the highly specialized research centers.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hypnosis', 'Irritable Bowel Syndrome', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Quality of Life', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 21,971,535
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.190.525.217', 'F04.754.424'], ['C06.405.469.158.272.608'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['I01.800', 'K01.752.400.750', 'N06.850.505.400.425.837'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Stability and succession of the rhizosphere microbiota depends upon plant type and soil composition.
|
We examined succession of the rhizosphere microbiota of three model plants (Arabidopsis, Medicago and Brachypodium) in compost and sand and three crops (Brassica, Pisum and Triticum) in compost alone. We used serial inoculation of 24 independent replicate microcosms over three plant generations for each plant/soil combination. Stochastic variation between replicates was surprisingly weak and by the third generation, replicate microcosms for each plant had communities that were very similar to each other but different to those of other plants or unplanted soil. Microbiota diversity remained high in compost, but declined drastically in sand, with bacterial opportunists and putative autotrophs becoming dominant. These dramatic differences indicate that many microbes cannot thrive on plant exudates alone and presumably also require carbon sources and/or nutrients from soil. Arabidopsis had the weakest influence on its microbiota and in compost replicate microcosms converged on three alternative community compositions rather than a single distinctive community. Organisms selected in rhizospheres can have positive or negative effects. Two abundant bacteria are shown to promote plant growth, but in Brassica the pathogen Olpidium brassicae came to dominate the fungal community. So plants exert strong selection on the rhizosphere microbiota but soil composition is critical to its stability. microbial succession/ plant-microbe interactions/rhizosphere microbiota/selection.
|
['Arabidopsis', 'Bacteria', 'Brachypodium', 'Brassica', 'Crops, Agricultural', 'Fungi', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Medicago', 'Microbiota', 'Peas', 'Plant Development', 'RNA, Ribosomal, 16S', 'Rhizosphere', 'Soil', 'Soil Microbiology', 'Triticum']
| 25,909,975
|
[['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.157.100'], ['B03'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.822.072'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.157.200'], ['B01.650.160', 'G07.203.300.300', 'J02.500.300'], ['B01.300'], ['G02.300'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.401.590'], ['G06.591', 'G16.500.275.157.049.100.500', 'N06.230.124.049.100.500'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.401.630'], ['G07.345.625', 'G15.589'], ['D13.444.735.686.670'], ['G16.500.275.157.625', 'G16.500.853', 'N06.230.124.437'], ['D20.721', 'G01.311.820', 'G16.500.275.815', 'N06.230.600'], ['H01.158.273.540.274.555', 'N06.850.425.300'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.822.918']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Cholecystectomy and abdominal hysterectomy.
|
Cholelithiasis is a common disease in women and can lead to serious complications. At Wilford Hall USAF Medical Center, we have performed 21 cholecystectomies at the time of abdominal hysterectomy. All patients had been asymptomatic with regard to gallbladder disease, but showed either preoperative or intraoperative evidence of gallbladder disease. The mean surgical time was 3.3 hours, mean blood loss was 474 mL, and only one patient had febrile morbidity (> 38.3 degrees C). Because of the low morbidity, we recommend that this combined surgical approach be considered by both the gynecologist and general surgeon.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Cholecystectomy', 'Cholecystitis', 'Cholelithiasis', 'Diagnostic Techniques, Surgical', 'Female', 'Genital Diseases, Female', 'Humans', 'Hysterectomy', 'Middle Aged', 'Risk']
| 7,431,553
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E04.210.120.172'], ['C06.130.564.263'], ['C06.130.409'], ['E01.370.388'], ['C13.351.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E04.950.300.399'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.740.600.800', 'G17.680.750', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Transition states. Trapping a transition state in a computationally designed protein bottle.
|
The fleeting lifetimes of the transition states (TSs) of chemical reactions make determination of their three-dimensional structures by diffraction methods a challenge. Here, we used packing interactions within the core of a protein to stabilize the planar TS conformation for rotation around the central carbon-carbon bond of biphenyl so that it could be directly observed by x-ray crystallography. The computational protein design software Rosetta was used to design a pocket within threonyl-transfer RNA synthetase from the thermophile Pyrococcus abyssi that forms complementary van der Waals interactions with a planar biphenyl. This latter moiety was introduced biosynthetically as the side chain of the noncanonical amino acid p-biphenylalanine. Through iterative rounds of computational design and structural analysis, we identified a protein in which the side chain of p-biphenylalanine is trapped in the energetically disfavored, coplanar conformation of the TS of the bond rotation reaction.
|
['Alanine', 'Archaeal Proteins', 'Biphenyl Compounds', 'Computer Simulation', 'Computer-Aided Design', 'Crystallography, X-Ray', 'Entropy', 'Models, Chemical', 'Protein Structure, Secondary', 'Pyrococcus abyssi', 'Software', 'Threonine-tRNA Ligase']
| 25,700,516
|
[['D12.125.042'], ['D12.776.090'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.185'], ['L01.224.160'], ['L01.224.108.150', 'L01.296.110.150'], ['E05.196.309.742.225'], ['G01.906.345'], ['E05.599.495'], ['G02.111.570.820.709.600'], ['B02.200.825.800.650.020'], ['L01.224.900'], ['D08.811.464.263.200.800']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Perturbations alter community convergence, divergence, and formation of multiple community states.
|
Environmental perturbations (e.g., disturbance, fertilization) commonly shift communities to a new mean state, but much less is known about their effects on the variability (dispersion) of communities around the mean, particularly when perturbations are combined. Community dispersion may increase or decrease (representing a divergence or convergence among communities) if changing environmental conditions alter species interactions or magnify small initial differences that develop during community assembly. We used data from an experimental study of disturbance and fertilization in a low-productivity grassland to test how these two perturbations affect patterns of species composition and abundance. We found that a one-time biomass reduction decreased community dispersion, which persisted over four growing seasons. Conversely, continuous fertilization increased community dispersion and, when combined with disturbance, led to the formation of three distinct community states. These results illustrate that perturbations can have differing effects on community dispersion. Attention to the variance in community responses to perturbations lends insight into how ecological interactions determine community structure, which may be missed when focusing only on mean responses. Furthermore, multiple perturbations may have complex effects on community dispersion, yielding convergence or divergence patterns that are difficult to predict based on analysis of single factors.
|
['Biological Evolution', 'Biomass', 'Conservation of Natural Resources', 'Demography', 'Ecosystem', 'Fertilizers', 'Models, Biological', 'Plant Development', 'Poaceae', 'Random Allocation', 'Rosaceae', 'Soil']
| 18,724,727
|
[['G05.045', 'G16.075'], ['G16.500.275.157.100', 'N06.230.124.100'], ['J01.256', 'N06.230.080'], ['I01.240', 'N01.224', 'N06.850.505.400'], ['G16.500.275.157', 'N06.230.124'], ['D27.720.031.400'], ['E05.599.395'], ['G07.345.625', 'G15.589'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.822'], ['E05.318.370.700', 'E05.581.500.805', 'N05.715.360.325.675', 'N06.850.520.445.700'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.859.937.500'], ['D20.721', 'G01.311.820', 'G16.500.275.815', 'N06.230.600']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Cell-mediated immunity to hepatitis B virus antigens in mice: correlation of in vivo and in vitro assays.
|
Cell mediated immunity (CMI) to hepatitis B viral antigens was studied in BALB/mice after immunization with purified hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), or core antigen (HBcAg), with adjuvants. The two in vitro assays for cell-mediated immunity (CMI), utilizing lymph node cells, were release of interferon after exposure to antigen, and blast transformation of lymphocytes, and the in vivo assay was ear swelling at 24 h after local injection of antigen. Immunization with HBsAg or HBcAg with adjuvants induced antigen-specific cutaneous reactivity; if no adjuvants were given, immunization with HBcAg, but not HBsAg, induced cutaneous reactivity. CMI could be adoptively transferred by lymph node cells, but for only a limited period after immunization with HbsAg or HBcAg. The ability of lymph node cells from mice immunized with HBV antigens to transfer adoptively CMI correlated well with their production of interferon after challenge with antigen in vitro, but less well with blastogenesis after challenge with antigen in vitro, or with cutaneous reactivity to antigen in the donor mouse. Reliable antigen-specific lymphokine release assays, rather than blast transformation of lymphocytes or cutaneous reactivity after antigen challenge, are required to assess CMI to HBV antigens in the mouse and, by inference, in man.
|
['Adjuvants, Immunologic', 'Animals', 'Female', 'Hepatitis B', 'Hepatitis B Antigens', 'Hepatitis B Core Antigens', 'Hepatitis B Surface Antigens', 'Hypersensitivity, Delayed', 'Immunity, Cellular', 'Immunization, Passive', 'Interferon-gamma', 'Lymphocyte Activation', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred BALB C']
| 3,091,300
|
[['D27.505.696.477.067'], ['B01.050'], ['C01.221.250.500', 'C01.925.256.430.400', 'C01.925.440.435', 'C06.552.380.705.437'], ['D23.050.327.495.500'], ['D23.050.327.495.500.450'], ['D23.050.327.495.500.475'], ['C20.543.418'], ['G12.450.050.400'], ['E02.095.465.425.400.330', 'E05.478.550.520'], ['D12.644.276.374.440.893', 'D12.644.276.374.480.615.350', 'D12.776.467.374.440.893', 'D12.776.467.374.480.615.350', 'D23.529.374.440.893', 'D23.529.374.480.615.350'], ['E01.370.225.812.482', 'E05.200.812.482', 'E05.478.594.530', 'G12.450.050.400.545', 'G12.565'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.338', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.338']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Systematic Comparison of Bacterial Colonization of Endometrial Tissue and Fluid Samples in Recurrent Miscarriage Patients: Implications for Future Endometrial Microbiome Studies.
|
BACKGROUND: A recent study has reported that the microbiota in endometrial fluid of patients receiving in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) may predict implantation and pregnancy rates. However, studies are lacking that simultaneously compare the microbiota between endometrial fluid and tissue samples. Whether the microbiota composition in endometrial fluid reflects that in the endometrial tissue remains unclear.METHODS: We systematically profiled the microbiota in endometrial fluid and tissue samples of IVF-ET patients using massively parallel sequencing. The bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA gene (V4 region) was PCR-amplified. Sequencing reads with >98% nucleotide identity were clustered as a bacterial taxon. To account for the different number of reads per sample, we normalized the read counts of each taxon before comparing its relative abundances across samples.RESULTS: Thirteen taxa, including Verrucomicrobiaceae, Brevundimonas, Achromobacter, Exiguobacterium, and Flavobacterium, were consistently detected only in endometrial tissue samples but not fluid samples. Eight taxa were detected in fluid but not tissue. Twenty-two taxa were differentially abundant between fluid and tissue samples (adjusted P values, 4.1 ? 10-25 to 0.025). The numbers of taxa identified per 1000 sequencing reads, diversity, and evenness in fluid samples were smaller than those in tissue samples.CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that the microbiota composition in endometrial fluid does not fully reflect that in endometrial tissue. Sampling from both endometrial fluid and biopsy allows a more comprehensive view of microbial colonization. Further efforts are needed to identify the preanalytical effects, including sampling sites, methods, and sequencing depth, on profiling endometrial microbiota.
|
['Abortion, Habitual', 'Adult', 'Bacteria', 'Body Fluids', 'Endometrium', 'Female', 'Fertilization in Vitro', 'High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing', 'Humans', 'Microbiota', 'RNA, Ribosomal, 16S']
| 30,237,148
|
[['C13.703.039.089'], ['M01.060.116'], ['B03'], ['A12.207'], ['A05.360.319.679.490'], ['E02.875.800.750', 'E05.820.800.750'], ['E05.393.760.319'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G06.591', 'G16.500.275.157.049.100.500', 'N06.230.124.049.100.500'], ['D13.444.735.686.670']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Recurrent Granulibacter bethesdensis infections and chronic granulomatous disease.
|
Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is characterized by frequent infections, most of which are curable. Granulibacter bethesdensis is an emerging pathogen in patients with CGD that causes fever and necrotizing lymphadenitis. However, unlike typical CGD organisms, this organism can cause relapse after clinical quiescence. To better define whether infections were newly acquired or recrudesced, we use comparative bacterial genomic hybridization to characterize 11 isolates obtained from 5 patients with CGD from North and Central America. Genomic typing showed that 3 patients had recurrent infection months to years after apparent clinical cure. Two patients were infected with the same strain as previously isolated, and 1 was infected with a genetically distinct strain. This organism is multidrug resistant, and therapy required surgery and combination antimicrobial drugs, including long-term ceftriaxone. G. bethesdensis causes necrotizing lymphadenitis in CGD, which may recur or relapse.
|
['Acetobacteraceae', 'Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Base Sequence', 'Communicable Diseases, Emerging', 'DNA Primers', 'Genome, Bacterial', 'Genomic Instability', 'Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections', 'Granulomatous Disease, Chronic', 'Humans', 'Male', 'RNA, Bacterial', 'RNA, Ribosomal, 16S', 'Recurrence']
| 20,735,916
|
[['B03.440.400.425.100', 'B03.660.050.755.050'], ['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['C01.221.500', 'C23.550.291.531.750'], ['D13.695.578.424.450.275', 'D27.720.470.530.600.223.600'], ['G05.360.340.358.207'], ['C23.550.362', 'G05.365.590.335', 'G05.370'], ['C01.150.252.400'], ['C15.378.553.774.535', 'C16.320.322.233', 'C20.673.774.535'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D13.444.735.473'], ['D13.444.735.686.670'], ['C23.550.291.937']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Bladder augmentation with an omental pedicled gastric seromuscular flap without the necessity of gastric resection.
|
Bladder augmentation using gastrointestinal segments requires gastric or intestinal resection. This has several risks. In a rat model, we aimed to test the efficacy of a new procedure in which a gastric seromuscular (GSM) flap is separated from the gastric mucosa without the necessity of gastric resection, and this GSM flap, based on an omentum pedicle, is transferred to the bladder. A GSM flap based on an omental leaf was dissected from the gastric mucosa and rotated 180 degrees counter-clockwise, after ligation of the vessels relating to the omentum, until the mid-duodenum. After urodynamic analysis for control levels of bladder capacity and pressure, the GSM flap was anastomosed to the bladder with a continuous suture. Because four rats died due to bladder calculi, only 21 of 25 rats were killed at 1 month (n = 10) and 4 months (n = 11) for histopathological and urodynamic evaluations of the augmented bladder. Bladder capacity increased significantly in the augmented bladders compared to preaugmentation (P < 0.001). There was no significant difference between end-filling pressures of the augmented bladders and preaugmentation. Histopathological findings demonstrated that the muscular surface of the flap was completely re-epithelialized in all rats. Squamous metaplasia was detected in 30% (3/10) of the 1 month group rats, and in 55% (6/11) of 4 month rats (P > 0.05). Gross calculi formation appeared in 20% (2/10) of the 1 month group rats, and in 34% (4/11) of 4 month rats (P > 0.05). Our data show that the use of the GSM flap in the bladder of a rat resulted in the complete re-epithelialization of the flap and sufficient bladder capacity. Despite significant complications such as death, metaplasia and calculi, this technique may be considered as an alternative experimental model to traditional full-thickness patching, which needs gastric or intestinal resection.
|
['Animals', 'Biopsy, Needle', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Female', 'Gastric Mucosa', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Omentum', 'Probability', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Strains', 'Reconstructive Surgical Procedures', 'Risk Assessment', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Surgical Flaps', 'Survival Rate', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Urinary Bladder', 'Urologic Surgical Procedures', 'Urothelium']
| 15,103,430
|
[['B01.050'], ['E01.370.225.500.384.100.119', 'E01.370.225.998.054.119', 'E01.370.388.100.100', 'E04.074.119', 'E04.665.100', 'E05.200.500.384.100.119', 'E05.200.998.054.119', 'E05.242.384.100.119'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['A03.556.875.875.440', 'A10.615.550.291'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['A01.923.047.025.600.573'], ['E05.318.740.600', 'G17.680', 'N05.715.360.750.625', 'N06.850.520.830.600'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400'], ['E04.680'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.715', 'N04.452.871.715', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.690', 'N06.850.505.715', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.715'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['A10.850.710', 'E07.862.710'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.900', 'N01.224.935.698.826', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.900', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.900'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['A05.810.890'], ['E04.950.774'], ['A10.272.850']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Serum microRNA-21 predicted treatment outcome and survival in HER2-positive breast cancer patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy combined with trastuzumab.
|
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the expression of ser-miRNAs at different periods during treatment and analyze their relationship with therapeutic response and prognosis in HER2-positive breast cancer patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy combined with trastuzumab (NCCT).METHODS: Venous blood was drawn from patients at different periods during NCCT. The expression of ser-miRNAs was assessed by qRT-PCR and their relation to treatment response and survival was analyzed.RESULTS: The results showed the expression of miR-10b, -21, -34a, -125b, -145, -155, and -373 in patients before the start of treatment was significantly higher, ser-miR-210 was lower, and ser-miR-122 was comparable to the levels in healthy controls. Changes in ser-miR-21 levels during NCCT were significantly correlated to clinical response and survival and, however, were not associated with pathology response. The expression levels of ser-miR-21 were decreased from the start of NCCT to the end of the second cycle and from the start to the end of NCCT in clinical responders; however, there was no significant difference in non-responders. The patients with decreased ser-miR-21 expression from the start to the end of the second cycle and from the start to the end of NCCT had better overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) than those with elevated ser-miR-21 expression.CONCLUSION: These results showed that changes in ser-miR-21 levels were significantly related to NCCT clinical response and prognosis. Ser-miR-21 may serve as a non-invasive biomarker to predict NCCT response in HER2-positive breast cancer.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological', 'Breast Neoplasms', 'Disease-Free Survival', 'Female', 'Humans', 'MicroRNAs', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoadjuvant Therapy', 'Prognosis', 'Receptor, ErbB-2', 'Survival Rate', 'Trastuzumab', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 31,482,230
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D27.505.954.248.384'], ['C04.588.180', 'C17.800.090.500'], ['E01.789.800.190', 'E05.318.740.998.300', 'N04.761.559.590.800.190', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800.190', 'N05.715.360.750.795.300', 'N06.850.520.830.998.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D13.150.650.319', 'D13.444.735.150.319', 'D13.444.735.790.552.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E02.186.450'], ['E01.789'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.400.009.400', 'D12.776.543.750.630.009.400', 'D12.776.543.750.750.400.074.400', 'D12.776.624.664.700.642', 'D23.050.301.500.600.700', 'D23.050.705.552.600.550', 'D23.101.140.642'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.900', 'N01.224.935.698.826', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.900', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.900'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224.060.875', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224.060.875', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224.200.875'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
trans-acting mutations in loci other than kdpDE that affect kdp operon regulation in Escherichia coli: effects of cytoplasmic thiol oxidation status and nucleoid protein H-NS on kdp expression.
|
Transcription of the K(+) transport operon kdp in Escherichia coli is induced during K(+)-limited growth by the action of a dual-component phosphorelay regulatory system comprised of a sensor kinase (integral membrane protein), KdpD, and a DNA-binding response regulator (cytoplasmic protein), KdpE. In this study, we screened for new dke (named dke for decreased kdp expression) mutations (in loci other than kdpDE) that led to substantially decreased kdp expression. One dke mutation was shown to be in hns, encoding the nucleoid protein H-NS. Another dke mutation was mapped to trxB (encoding thioredoxin reductase), and an equivalent reduction in kdp expression was demonstrated also for trxA mutants that are deficient in thioredoxin 1. Exogenously provided dithiothreitol rescued the kdp expression defect in trxB but not trxA mutants. Neither trxB nor trxA affected gene regulation mediated by another dual-component system tested, EnvZ-OmpR. Mutations in genes dsbC and dsbD did not affect kdp expression, suggesting that the trx effects on kdp are not mediated by alterations in protein disulfide bond status in the periplasm. Reduced kdp expression was observed even in a trxB strain that harbored a variant KdpD polypeptide bearing no Cys residues. A trxB hns double mutant was even more severely affected for kdp expression than either single mutant. The dke mutations themselves had no effect on strength of the signal controlling kdp expression, and constitutive mutations in kdpDE were epistatic to hns and trxB. These results indicate that perturbations in cytoplasmic thiol oxidation status and in levels of the H-NS protein exert additive effects, direct or indirect, at a step(s) upstream of KdpD in the signal transduction pathway, which significantly influence the magnitude of KdpD kinase activity obtained for a given strength of the inducing signal for kdp transcription.
|
['Bacterial Proteins', 'Cytoplasm', 'DNA-Binding Proteins', 'Escherichia coli', 'Escherichia coli Proteins', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial', 'Ion Transport', 'Mutation', 'Operon', 'Oxidation-Reduction', 'Potassium', 'Protein Kinases', 'Sulfhydryl Compounds', 'Thioredoxin-Disulfide Reductase', 'Thioredoxins', 'Trans-Activators']
| 11,114,904
|
[['D12.776.097'], ['A11.284.430.214'], ['D12.776.260'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['D12.776.097.275'], ['G05.308.300'], ['G03.143.500'], ['G05.365.590'], ['G05.360.340.024.686', 'G05.360.340.358.207.500'], ['G02.700', 'G03.295.531'], ['D01.268.549.550', 'D01.268.557.575', 'D01.552.528.652', 'D01.552.547.650'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682'], ['D02.886.489'], ['D08.811.682.667.750', 'D12.776.331.971'], ['D12.776.915'], ['D12.776.260.755', 'D12.776.930.900', 'D12.776.964.925.984']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Improvement of cisplatin-related renal dysfunction by synthetic ghrelin: a prospective randomised phase II trial.
|
BACKGROUND: Ghrelin, a 28-amino acid peptide predominantly produced by the stomach, exerts powerful renal protective effects by increasing levels of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of ghrelin on the incidence of renal dysfunction in patients receiving cisplatin-based chemotherapy.METHODS: Forty patients with oesophageal cancer receiving cisplatin-based chemotherapy were assigned to either the ghrelin group (n=20), which received ghrelin (0.5 ìg kg(-1) h(-1)) for 5 days, or a placebo group (n=20). The primary endpoint was serum creatinine. Secondary endpoints were serum cystatin C, chemotherapy-related adverse events, changes in serum ghrelin-related hormone levels, correlation between markers of renal injury and hormone concentrations, and effects on the second cycle of chemotherapy.RESULTS: Blood acyl ghrelin, total ghrelin, and IGF-1 concentrations on day 4 were significantly higher in the ghrelin group. The renal dysfunction, serum creatinine and cystatin C levels, dose reduction, and delay in the initiation of the second cycle of chemotherapy were lower in the ghrelin group than in the control group. Serum creatinine levels were significantly correlated with serum IGF-1 levels.CONCLUSION: Continuous synthetic ghrelin administration during cisplatin-based chemotherapy attenuated renal dysfunction and harmful effects on subsequent chemotherapy, possibly by increasing IGF-1 levels.
|
['Aged', 'Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols', 'Carcinoma, Squamous Cell', 'Cisplatin', 'Creatinine', 'Drug Interactions', 'Esophageal Neoplasms', 'Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma', 'Female', 'Ghrelin', 'Humans', 'Insulin-Like Growth Factor I', 'Kidney', 'Kidney Diseases', 'Male', 'Prospective Studies']
| 27,253,174
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['E02.183.750.500', 'E02.319.077.500', 'E02.319.310.037'], ['C04.557.470.200.400', 'C04.557.470.700.400'], ['D01.210.375', 'D01.625.125', 'D01.710.100'], ['D03.383.129.308.207'], ['G07.690.773.968'], ['C04.588.274.476.205', 'C04.588.443.353', 'C06.301.371.205', 'C06.405.117.430', 'C06.405.249.205'], ['C04.557.470.200.400.330', 'C04.557.470.700.400.565', 'C04.588.274.476.205.500', 'C04.588.443.353.500', 'C06.301.371.205.500', 'C06.405.117.430.500', 'C06.405.249.205.500'], ['D06.472.699.301', 'D12.644.548.322'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.644.276.937.400', 'D12.776.124.862.400', 'D12.776.467.937.400', 'D23.529.937.400'], ['A05.810.453'], ['C12.777.419', 'C13.351.968.419'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Measuring the projected public health impact of lung cancer through lifetime and age-conditional risk estimates.
|
PURPOSE: Lifetime and age-conditional probability (risk) estimates of developing lung cancer in the United States are presented by age, race, and gender. Effects on the risk estimates of an aging population and changing tobacco use are identified.METHODS: Risk estimates were derived by applying cross-sectional, population-based incidence rates of malignant lung cancer and mortality rates from other causes to a hypothetical cohort. The cohort was aged through a double-decrement life table to determine the expected proportion of the population that would develop the disease across age intervals. Incidence and mortality data were obtained from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program and the National Centers for Health Statistics, respectively.RESULTS: Among all cancers, risk estimates of developing lung cancer within 10 years, conditioned on being free of the disease at age 50, 60, or 70, ranked second to prostate cancer for men and second to breast cancer for women. For men, despite higher incidence rates of lung cancer for blacks than whites across most age groups, the risk of developing this disease over the life-span becomes similar, because white men are more likely to live to older ages where lung cancer is common. For women, lung cancer incidence rates are similar between Whites and Blacks, but an older age distribution among white women explains their greater lifetime risk of being diagnosed with the disease. Changes in the age distribution between the mid 1970s and the mid 1990s had little impact on the short-term risk estimates of developing lung cancer for younger ages but had a large influence on long-term risk estimates, particularly for the older age groups.CONCLUSIONS: Declining lung cancer among younger age groups may be attributed to declining tobacco use among the cohorts, but several more years may be required before the trends begin to fall in older age groups, particularly in women. In the meantime, an aging population is contributing to more people being diagnosed with lung cancer. Consequently, the projected risk of developing lung cancer will remain high for several years to come.
|
['Adult', 'Age Distribution', 'Age of Onset', 'Aged', 'Cohort Studies', 'Continental Population Groups', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Incidence', 'Life Tables', 'Lung Neoplasms', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Probability', 'Risk Assessment', 'Sex Factors', 'Smoking']
| 10,691,062
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['I01.240.050', 'N01.224.033', 'N06.850.505.400.050'], ['N05.715.350.075.100', 'N06.850.490.250.100'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['M01.686.508'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.375', 'N01.224.935.597.500', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.375', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.375'], ['E05.318.308.985.475', 'E05.318.740.100.500', 'N01.224.935.530', 'N06.850.505.400.975.475', 'N06.850.520.308.985.475'], ['C04.588.894.797.520', 'C08.381.540', 'C08.785.520'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.740.600', 'G17.680', 'N05.715.360.750.625', 'N06.850.520.830.600'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.715', 'N04.452.871.715', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.690', 'N06.850.505.715', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.715'], ['N05.715.350.675', 'N06.850.490.875'], ['F01.145.805']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Development and validation of a liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry method for pharmacokinetic studies of OZ78, a fasciocidal drug candidate.
|
Fascioliasis is a zoonotic disease of considerable public health and great veterinary significance and new drugs are needed. OZ78 is a promising fasciocidal drug candidate. In order to support the development of OZ78, including pharmacokinetic (PK) studies an accurate, precise, and selective liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) method for OZ78 was developed for sheep plasma and validated in accordance with the US Food and Drug Administration Guidance on Bioanalytical Method Validation. Protein precipitation was used for sample clean up. Separation was performed through a Phenomenex C8(2) analytical column (50.0mm?2.0mm, 5ìm) with a mobile phase of acetonitrile (buffer B) and 5mM ammonium formate (buffer A) at a flow-rate of 0.3mL/min and a gradient from 20% to 95% acetonitrile. The mass spectrometer was operated under selected ion monitoring, and orifice voltage set to -4.1kV and ion spray temperature to 400°C. Nitrogen was used as a nebulizer, curtain, and collision gas. OZ78 was monitored at 321.4m/z (deprotonated parent compound, M-). The validated linear dynamic range was between 156.25ng/mL and 5ìg/mL and the achieved correlation coefficient (r(2)) was greater than 0.99. The validation results demonstrated that the developed LC/MS method is precise, accurate, and selective for the determination of OZ78 in sheep plasma. The method was successfully applied to the evaluation of the PK profile of OZ78 in sheep.
|
['Adamantane', 'Animals', 'Antiplatyhelmintic Agents', 'Chromatography, Liquid', 'Drug Stability', 'Fascioliasis', 'Mass Spectrometry', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Sheep']
| 20,829,125
|
[['D02.455.426.100.050', 'D02.455.426.392.368.075'], ['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.122.250.075.100'], ['E05.196.181.400'], ['E05.916.330'], ['C01.610.335.865.354', 'C01.610.518.424', 'C06.552.664.424'], ['E05.196.566'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.791']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
The release of hydrogen reaction of graphene modified NaAlH4.
|
In this experiment, we prepared a better performance graphene, by using butyrolactone and flavanone, promoting the graphite into high quality graphene strip. The obtained graphene were used to catalyze the hydrogen released by NaAlH4. The result proved that 5 wt% doped butyrolactone treated graphite and 2 wt% doped flavanone-treated graphite are good catalyst in NaAlH4's decomposition process.
|
['4-Butyrolactone', 'Aluminum Compounds', 'Flavanones', 'Graphite', 'Hydrogen', 'Sodium Compounds']
| 22,413,337
|
[['D02.540.150', 'D03.383.312.150'], ['D01.056'], ['D03.383.663.283.266.450.252', 'D03.633.100.150.266.450.252'], ['D01.268.150.300', 'D01.578.300'], ['D01.268.406', 'D01.362.340'], ['D01.857']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Cerebral proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of a patient with giant axonal neuropathy.
|
Magnetic resonance imaging of a girl with giant axonal neuropathy revealed a progressive white matter disease. In close agreement with histopathological features reported previously, localized proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy at 9 and 12 years of age indicated a specific damage or loss of axons (reduced N-acetylaspartate and N-acetylaspartylglutamate) accompanied by acute demyelination (elevated choline-containing compounds, myo-inositol, and lactate) in white matter as well as a generalized proliferation of glial cells (elevated choline-containing compounds and myo-inositol) in both gray and white matter.
|
['Axons', 'Brain', 'Child', 'Cytoskeletal Proteins', 'Demyelinating Diseases', 'Disease Progression', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy', 'Metabolism, Inborn Errors', 'Mutation']
| 12,536,033
|
[['A08.675.542.145', 'A11.284.180.075', 'A11.671.137', 'A11.671.501.145'], ['A08.186.211'], ['M01.060.406'], ['D12.776.220'], ['C10.314'], ['C23.550.291.656'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['E05.196.867.519'], ['C16.320.565', 'C18.452.648'], ['G05.365.590']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Molecular determinants of cetuximab efficacy.
|
PURPOSE: To investigate whether mRNA expression levels of cyclin D1 (CCND1), cyclooxygenase 2 (Cox-2), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), interleukin 8 (IL-8), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), all members of the EGFR signaling pathway, are associated with clinical outcome in patients with EGFR-expressing metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) treated with cetuximab.PATIENTS AND METHODS: Thirty-nine patients with metastatic CRC, refractory to both irinotecan and oxaliplatin, were enrolled on IMCL-0144 and treated with single-agent cetuximab. The intratumoral mRNA levels of CCND1, Cox-2, EGFR, IL-8, and VEGF were assessed from paraffin-embedded tissue samples using laser-capture microdissection and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction.RESULTS: There were 21 women and 18 men with a median age of 64 years (range, 35 to 83 years). Higher gene expression levels of VEGF were associated with resistance to cetuximab (P = .038; Kruskal-Wallis test). The combination of low gene expression levels of Cox-2, EGFR, and IL-8 was significantly associated with overall survival (13.5 v 2.3 months; P = .028; log-rank test). Both findings were independent of skin toxicity that was itself significantly correlated to survival. Patients with a lower mRNA amount of EGFR had a longer overall survival compared with patients that had a higher mRNA amount (7.3 v 2.2 months; P = .09; log-rank test). Patients with lower expression of Cox-2 had a significantly higher rate of grade 2 to 3 skin reactions under cetuximab treatment.CONCLUSION: This pilot study suggests that gene expression levels of Cox-2, EGFR, IL-8, and VEGF in patients with metastatic CRC may be useful markers of clinical outcome in single-agent cetuximab treatment.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Antibodies, Monoclonal', 'Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized', 'Cetuximab', 'Colorectal Neoplasms', 'Cyclooxygenase 2', 'ErbB Receptors', 'Female', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic', 'Genetic Markers', 'Humans', 'Interleukin-8', 'Male', 'Membrane Proteins', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasm Staging', 'Pilot Projects', 'Probability', 'Prognosis', 'Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Risk Assessment', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Survival Analysis', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A']
| 15,908,664
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224.060', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224.060', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224.200'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224.060.750', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224.060.750', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224.200.750'], ['C04.588.274.476.411.307', 'C06.301.371.411.307', 'C06.405.249.411.307', 'C06.405.469.158.356', 'C06.405.469.491.307', 'C06.405.469.860.180'], ['D08.811.600.720.750'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.400.009', 'D12.776.543.750.630.009', 'D12.776.543.750.750.400.074'], ['G05.308.370'], ['D23.101.387', 'G05.695.450'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.644.276.374.200.120.800', 'D12.644.276.374.465.312', 'D12.776.467.374.200.120.800', 'D12.776.467.374.465.246', 'D23.125.300.120.800', 'D23.469.200.120.800', 'D23.529.374.200.120.800', 'D23.529.374.465.312'], ['D12.776.543'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.789.625'], ['E05.318.372.750', 'E05.337.737', 'N05.715.360.330.720', 'N06.850.520.450.720'], ['E05.318.740.600', 'G17.680', 'N05.715.360.750.625', 'N06.850.520.830.600'], ['E01.789'], ['D08.811.600.720', 'D08.811.682.690.708.715'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['E05.393.620.500.725'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.715', 'N04.452.871.715', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.690', 'N06.850.505.715', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.715'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['E05.318.740.998', 'N05.715.360.750.795', 'N06.850.520.830.998'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['D12.644.276.100.800.200', 'D12.776.467.100.800.200', 'D23.529.100.800.200']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
The influence of behavioural and psychological factors on medication adherence over time in rheumatoid arthritis patients: a study in the biologics era.
|
OBJECTIVES: To investigate levels of self-reported adherence to biologic treatment and establish the contribution of demographic, physical and psychological factors to biologic medication adherence in an RA cohort.METHODS: Adalimumab-treated patients were recruited through the British Society for Rheumatology Biologics Register for RA between May 2007 and April 2009. Demographic and baseline psychological measures including illness and medication beliefs were collected. Disease activity (28-item DAS), physical function (HAQ) and quality of life (36-item Short Form Health Survey) were also measured at baseline and at 6, 12 and 18 months. Adherence was assessed at each follow-up using the patient self-completed Compliance Questionnaire for Rheumatology (CQR). Multilevel mixed effects modelling analysis was performed to investigate predictors of adherence.RESULTS: Of the 329 Adalimumab-treated patients included, low adherence (CQR score <65) was reported in 23%, with 41% reporting low adherence at at least one time point. After controlling for age and disease duration, factors independently predictive of increased adherence were increased belief in medication necessity, with baseline effect diminishing over time [â coefficient 1.68 (s.e. 0.19), P = 0.0001], lower medication concerns [0.50 (0.15), P = 0.001], with this effect remaining throughout follow-up, increased professional or family member support [0.81 (0.32), P = 0.01], strong views of illness being chronic [0.32 (0.14), P = 0.025] and increased treatment control [0.41 (0.19), P = 0.032].CONCLUSION: Wider recognition of the importance of psychological factors, particularly medication beliefs, in driving medication adherence could have substantial clinical and health economic benefits in RA. The psychological factors we have identified are putative targets for strategies to improve adherence in RA.
|
['Adalimumab', 'Adult', 'Arthritis, Rheumatoid', 'Biological Products', 'Culture', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Longitudinal Studies', 'Male', 'Medication Adherence', 'Middle Aged', 'Patient Compliance', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Self Report', 'Severity of Illness Index', 'Social Support', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Time Factors', 'United Kingdom']
| 25,972,390
|
[['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224.060.250', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224.060.250', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224.200.250'], ['M01.060.116'], ['C05.550.114.154', 'C05.799.114', 'C17.300.775.099', 'C20.111.199'], ['D20.215'], ['I01.076.201.450', 'I01.880.853.100'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.500'], ['F01.100.150.750.500.600.500', 'F01.145.488.887.500.600.500', 'N05.300.150.800.500.600.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['F01.100.150.750.500.600', 'F01.145.488.887.500.600', 'N05.300.150.800.500.600'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.308.980.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.500'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475.456.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.364.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.364.500'], ['I01.880.853.500.600'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['G01.910.857'], ['Z01.542.363']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Is geomagnetic activity a risk factor for sudden unexplained death in epilepsies?
|
OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that sudden unexplained death (SUD) in epilepsy is related to geomagnetic activity.BACKGROUND: Prior studies presume that geomagnetic activity (with average amplitudes above 50 nanotesla [nT]) is associated with SUD in epileptic human patients and in epileptic laboratory rats.METHODS: In a retrospective study, 46 epileptic patients with definite SUD were compared with 108 epileptic patients with known cause of death (KCD) who died between 1981 and 1992. A complete postmortem examination was performed in all cases. The time of the day and date of death, as well as two international geomagnetic indices concerning Bartels' planetary 3-hour signs (Kp) and the mean planetary daily amplitudes (Ap) at time of death, were assessed.RESULTS: Among 45 SUD individuals, the local time (37.8%) and the universal time of death (35.6%) peaked within the critical period between 3 to 9 AM. However, the SUD and KCD group did not substantially differ in regard to the distribution of local or universal time of death (p > 0.2, Fisher test). Neither the Kp signs at death and 2 hours before death nor the Ap values showed considerable differences between the SUD and KCD series (p > 0.2, Mann-Whitney test). Merely 4.3% of SUD patients and 3.7% of KCD patients were associated with Ap indices above 50 nT (p > 0.2, Fisher test).CONCLUSION: The results do not support the hypothesis that geomagnetic activity is related to occurrence of sudden unexplained death in epileptic patients.
|
['Adult', 'Death, Sudden', 'Earth, Planet', 'Electromagnetic Fields', 'Epilepsy', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Risk Factors', 'Time Factors']
| 10,690,984
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['C23.550.260.322'], ['G01.060.075.730.700.200'], ['G01.358.500.260', 'G01.358.750.500'], ['C10.228.140.490'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
CD36 mediates long-chain fatty acid transport in human myocardium: complete myocardial accumulation defect of radiolabeled long-chain fatty acid analog in subjects with CD36 deficiency.
|
Long-chain fatty acids (LCFA) are the major energy substrate for heart and their oxidation is important for achieving maximal cardiac work. However, the mechanism of uptake of LCFA by myocardium has not been clarified. We previously reported that bovine myocardial LCFA transporter has a sequence homology to human CD36. Clinically, total defect of myocardial uptake of radiolabeled long-chain fatty acid analog [123I-BMIPP: Iodine-123 15-(p-iodophenyl)-(R,S)-methylpentadecanoic acid] has been reported in some restricted cases, but the etiology has not been clarified. In the present study, we analyzed CD36 expression and CD36 gene in subjects who showed total lack of myocardial 123I-BMIPP accumulation, and, vice versa, evaluated myocardial 123I-BMIPP uptake in subjects with CD36 deficiency. Four unrelated subjects were evaluated, Two were found to have negative myocardial LCFA accumulation by 123I-BMIPP scintigraphy, after which the expression of CD36 on their platelets and monocytes was analyzed. Remaining two subjects were identified as CD36 deficiency by screening, then 123I-BMIPP scintigraphy was performed. Expression of CD36 on platelets and monocytes was measured by flow cytometric analysis. The molecular defects responsible for CD36 deficiency was detected by allele-specific restriction enzyme analysis. CD36 expression was totally deficient in all 4 subjects on both platelets and monocytes. Two subjects were homozygous for a 478C-->T mutation. One was heterozygous for the dinucleotide deletion of exon V and single nucleotide insertion of exon X, and remaining one was considered to be heterozygous for the dinucleotide deletion of exon V and an unknown gene abnormality. All cases demonstrated a completely negative accumulation of myocardial LCFA despite of normal myocardial perfusion, which was evaluated by thallium scintigraphy. In addition, all cases demonstrated apparently normal hepatic LCFA accumulation Thus, these findings suggested that CD36 acts as a major myocardial specific LCFA transporter in humans.
|
['Aged', 'CD36 Antigens', 'Carrier Proteins', 'Fatty Acids', 'Female', 'Flow Cytometry', 'Heart', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Mutation', 'Myocardium', 'Radionuclide Imaging']
| 10,331,667
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['D12.776.157.530.300.500', 'D12.776.395.550.625.136', 'D12.776.543.550.625.136', 'D12.776.543.585.300.500', 'D12.776.543.750.011', 'D12.776.543.750.705.675.136', 'D12.776.543.750.705.940.625.249', 'D12.776.543.750.710.450.750.625.249'], ['D12.776.157'], ['D10.251'], ['E01.370.225.500.363.342', 'E01.370.225.500.386.350', 'E05.196.712.516.600.240.350', 'E05.200.500.363.342', 'E05.200.500.386.350', 'E05.242.363.342', 'E05.242.386.350'], ['A07.541'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G05.365.590'], ['A02.633.580', 'A07.541.704', 'A10.690.552.750'], ['E01.370.350.710', 'E01.370.384.730']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Cigarette smoking is negatively associated with keratoconus.
|
PURPOSE: To investigate a correlation between cigarette smoking and keratoconus.METHODS: Patients with keratoconus who were treated with corneal collagen cross-linking from June 2006 to November 2007 were asked about their smoking habits. A person smoking a minimum of two cigarettes per day for more than 1 year was classified as a smoker.RESULTS: A total of 180 patients with keratoconus (mean age 28 +/- 9 years [range: 15 to 41 years]) were asked about their smoking habits. One hundred seventy-one (95%) were non-smokers and only 9 (5%) were smokers (95% confidence interval, 2.31 to 9.28). Using the chi-square test, a significant correlation was found between non-smokers and keratoconus (P < .001).CONCLUSIONS: In this group of patients with keratoconus, few were smokers. Cigarette smoke contains toxic substances. Consequently, people are advised not to smoke. However, we speculate that the by-products of cigarette smoke may lead to cross-linking of collagen, which in the cornea, may prevent the development and progression of keratoconus.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Collagen', 'Corneal Stroma', 'Disease Progression', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Keratoconus', 'Male', 'Photochemotherapy', 'Photosensitizing Agents', 'Riboflavin', 'Smoking', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Ultraviolet Rays']
| 18,811,121
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['D05.750.078.280', 'D12.776.860.300.250'], ['A09.371.060.217.228'], ['C23.550.291.656'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C11.204.627'], ['E02.186.500', 'E02.319.685', 'E02.774.722'], ['D27.505.954.444.600', 'D27.505.954.600.710'], ['D03.633.100.733.315.650', 'D03.633.300.507.650', 'D08.211.474.650', 'D23.767.405.650'], ['F01.145.805'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['G01.358.500.505.650.891', 'G01.590.540.891', 'G01.750.250.650.891', 'G01.750.750.659', 'G01.750.770.578.891', 'G16.500.275.063.725.525.600', 'G16.500.750.775.525.600', 'N06.230.300.100.725.525.600']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Anticipatory Behavior in Response to Medicare Part D's Coverage Gap.
|
Under the standard Medicare Part D benefit structure, copayments for medications change discontinuously at certain levels of accumulative drug spending. Beneficiaries pay 25% of the cost of medications in the initial phase, 100% in the coverage gap, and 5% in the catastrophic phase. We examine whether individuals anticipate these copayment changes and adjust their consumption in advance. We use variation in birth-months of beneficiaries who enroll in Part D plans when they first turn 65. Birth-months generate exogenous variation in the end-of-year price because those who enroll earlier in the year are more likely to reach the coverage gap than those who enroll later. We study the impact of variation in end-of-year price on the first three months of medication use immediately following enrollment. We use difference-in-differences to adjust for seasonal trends in use, by comparing our main study group with those who receive low-income subsidies, and therefore do not face a coverage gap. We find strong evidence of anticipatory behavior, with an implied elasticity with respect to future prices ranging from -0.2 to -0.5. In addition, we find that beneficiaries modify their consumption by changing the quantity of prescriptions filled, instead of switching between brand-name and generic drugs. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
|
['Aged', 'Choice Behavior', 'Cost Sharing', 'Drug Utilization', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Insurance Coverage', 'Insurance, Health', 'Male', 'Medicare Part D', 'Medication Adherence', 'Poverty', 'Prescription Drugs', 'United States']
| 26,749,399
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['F02.463.785.373.346'], ['N03.219.151.170', 'N03.219.521.576.090'], ['N04.452.706.477'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N03.219.521.576.265'], ['N03.219.521.576.343'], ['N03.219.521.576.343.575.500', 'N03.219.521.576.343.840.938', 'N03.706.615.752'], ['F01.100.150.750.500.600.500', 'F01.145.488.887.500.600.500', 'N05.300.150.800.500.600.500'], ['I01.880.735.634', 'I01.880.853.996.535', 'N01.824.600'], ['D26.670'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Direct exchange of vitamin B12 is demonstrated by modelling the growth dynamics of algal-bacterial cocultures.
|
The growth dynamics of populations of interacting species in the aquatic environment is of great importance, both for understanding natural ecosystems and in efforts to cultivate these organisms for industrial purposes. Here we consider a simple two-species system wherein the bacterium Mesorhizobium loti supplies vitamin B12 (cobalamin) to the freshwater green alga Lobomonas rostrata, which requires this organic micronutrient for growth. In return, the bacterium receives photosynthate from the alga. Mathematical models are developed that describe minimally the interdependence between the two organisms, and that fit the experimental observations of the consortium. These models enable us to distinguish between different mechanisms of nutrient exchange between the organisms, and provide strong evidence that, rather than undergoing simple lysis and release of nutrients into the medium, M. loti regulates the levels of cobalamin it produces, resulting in a true mutualism with L. rostrata. Over half of all microalgae are dependent on an exogenous source of cobalamin for growth, and this vitamin is synthesised only by bacteria; it is very likely that similar symbiotic interactions underpin algal productivity more generally.
|
['Chlorophyta', 'Coculture Techniques', 'Ecosystem', 'Fresh Water', 'Mesorhizobium', 'Models, Statistical', 'Symbiosis', 'Vitamin B 12']
| 24,522,262
|
[['B01.650.940.150'], ['E05.481.500.374'], ['G16.500.275.157', 'N06.230.124'], ['G16.500.275.280', 'N06.230.232'], ['B03.660.050.600.500'], ['E05.318.740.500', 'E05.599.835', 'N05.715.360.750.530', 'N06.850.520.830.500'], ['G06.550.800', 'G16.840'], ['D03.383.129.578.840.437.777', 'D03.633.400.909.437.777', 'D04.345.783.437.777']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Staged partitioning of single ventricle.
|
Five patients between the ages of 3 and 10 months underwent a two-stage septation for common ventricle. The first stage involved the placement of a small patch in the apex and a second patch between the atrioventricular and semilunar valves. A center section was left open, as if there were ventricular septal defect. A pulmonary band was placed at this time if one had not been previously placed. The second stage of the repair, consisting of closure of the ventricular septal defect, was performed 6 to 18 months after the first procedure. All five patients have survived and have been without rhythm disturbance. One patient subsequently developed pulmonary stenosis, and a right ventricle-pulmonary artery conduit has been placed. The first stage procedure seems to allow the apical and base patches to stiffen and heal to the endocardium, with fewer sutures required because the central area is open and no pressure differential exists across the patch.
|
['Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular', 'Heart Valves', 'Heart Ventricles', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Polytetrafluoroethylene', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Pulmonary Artery']
| 6,503,319
|
[['C14.240.400.560.540', 'C14.280.400.560.540', 'C16.131.240.400.560.540'], ['A07.541.510'], ['A07.541.560'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['D05.750.395.616', 'D25.720.395.616', 'J01.637.051.720.395.616'], ['C23.550.767'], ['A07.015.114.715']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Adhesion of Streptococcus mitis and Actinomyces oris in co-culture to machined and anodized titanium surfaces as affected by atmosphere and pH.
|
BACKGROUND: With the rising demand for osseointegrated titanium implants for replacing missing teeth, often in patients with a history of periodontitis, implant-related infections have become an issue of growing concern. Novel methods for treating and preventing implant-associated infections are urgently needed. The aim of this study was to investigate if different pH, atmosphere and surface properties could restrict bacterial adhesion to titanium surfaces used in dental implants.METHODS: Titanium discs with machined or anodized (TiUnite™) surface were incubated with a co-culture of Streptococcus mitis and Actinomyces oris (early colonizers of oral surfaces) at pH 5.0, 7.0 and 9.0 at aerobic or anaerobic atmosphere. The adhesion was analysed by counting colony forming (CFU) units on agar and by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM).RESULTS: The CFU analysis showed that a pH of 5.0 was found to significantly decrease the adhesion of S. mitis, and an aerobic atmosphere, the adhesion of A. oris. S. mitis was found in significantly less amounts on the anodized surface than the machined surface, while A. oris was found in equal amounts on both surfaces. The CLSM analysis confirmed the results from the CFU count and provided additional information on how the two oral commensal species adhered to the surfaces: mainly in dispersed clusters oriented with the groves of the machined surface and the pores of the anodized surface.CONCLUSIONS: Bacterial adhesion by S. mitis and A. oris can be restricted by acidic pH and aerobic atmosphere. The anodized surface reduced the adhesion of S. mitis compared to the machined surface; while A. oris adhered equally well to the pores of the anodized surface and to the grooves of the machined surface. It is difficult to transfer these results directly into a clinical situation. However, it is worth further investigating these findings from an in vitro perspective, as well as clinically, to gain more knowledge of the effects acid pH and aerobic atmosphere have on initial bacterial adhesion.
|
['Actinomyces', 'Aerobiosis', 'Anaerobiosis', 'Bacterial Adhesion', 'Colony Count, Microbial', 'Dental Implants', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Microscopy, Confocal', 'Streptococcus mitis', 'Surface Properties', 'Titanium']
| 23,298,213
|
[['B03.510.024.049.050.050', 'B03.510.460.400.400.049.049.178'], ['G02.111.017', 'G03.049'], ['G02.111.062', 'G03.078'], ['G06.099.050'], ['E01.370.225.875.220', 'E05.200.875.220'], ['D25.339.312', 'E06.780.346.593', 'E07.695.185', 'J01.637.051.339.312'], ['G02.300'], ['E01.370.350.515.395', 'E05.595.395'], ['B03.353.750.737.872.875.500', 'B03.510.400.800.872.875.500', 'B03.510.550.737.872.875.500'], ['G02.860'], ['D01.268.557.800', 'D01.268.956.878', 'D01.552.547.800']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Notch3 is necessary for neuronal differentiation and maturation in the adult spinal cord.
|
Notch receptors are key regulators of nervous system development and promoters of neural stem cells renewal and proliferation. Defects in the expression of Notch genes result in severe, often lethal developmental abnormalities. Notch3 is generally thought to have a similar proliferative, anti-differentiation and gliogenic role to Notch1. However, in some cases, Notch3 has an opposite, pro-differentiation effect. Here, we show that Notch3 segregates from Notch1 and is transiently expressed in adult rat and mouse spinal cord neuron precursors and immature neurons. This suggests that during the differentiation of adult neural progenitor cells, Notch signalling may follow a modified version of the classical lateral inhibition model, involving the segregation of individual Notch receptors. Notch3 knockout mice, otherwise neurologically normal, are characterized by a reduced number of mature inhibitory interneurons and an increased number of highly excitable immature neurons in spinal cord laminae I-II. As a result, these mice have permanently lower nociceptive thresholds, similar to chronic pain. These results suggest that defective neuronal differentiation, for example as a result of reduced Notch3 expression or activation, may underlie human cases of intractable chronic pain, such as fibromyalgia and neuropathic pain.
|
['Adult', 'Animals', 'Behavior, Animal', 'Blotting, Western', 'Cell Differentiation', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Fluorescent Antibody Technique', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Mice, Knockout', 'Neural Stem Cells', 'Neurons', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Receptor, Notch3', 'Receptors, Notch', 'Signal Transduction', 'Spinal Cord']
| 25,164,209
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['B01.050'], ['F01.145.113'], ['E05.196.401.143', 'E05.301.300.096', 'E05.478.566.320.200', 'E05.601.262', 'E05.601.470.320.200'], ['G04.152'], ['A11.251'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512.240', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512.240', 'E05.200.500.607.512.240', 'E05.200.750.551.512.240', 'E05.478.583.375'], ['G05.308.310'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['B01.050.050.136.500.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.455', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800.500'], ['A11.872.653'], ['A08.675', 'A11.671'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['D12.776.543.750.725.875', 'D12.776.930.770.875'], ['D12.776.543.750.725', 'D12.776.930.770'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['A08.186.854']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Excluded volume in solvation: sensitivity of scaled-particle theory to solvent size and density.
|
Changes in solvent environment greatly affect macromolecular structure and stability. To investigate the role of excluded volume in solvation, scaled-particle theory is often used to calculate delta G(tr)(ev), the excluded-volume portion of the solute transfer free energy, delta G(tr). The inputs to SPT are the solvent radii and molarities. Real molecules are not spheres. Hence, molecular radii are not uniquely defined and vary for any given species. Since delta G(tr)(ev) is extremely sensitive to solvent radii, uncertainty in these radii causes a large uncertainty in delta G(tr)(ev)-several kcal/mol for amino acid solutes transferring from water to aqueous mixtures. This uncertainty is larger than the experimental delta G(tr) values. Also, delta G(tr)(ev) can be either positive or negative. Adding neutral crowding molecules may not necessarily reduce solubility. Lastly, delta G(tr)(ev) is very sensitive to solvent density, rho. A few percent error in rho may even cause qualitative deviations in delta G(tr)(ev). For example, if rho is calculated by assuming the hard-sphere pressure to be constant, then delta G(tr)(ev) values and uncertainties are now only tenths of a kcal/mol and are positive. Because delta G(tr)(ev) values calculated by scaled-particle theory are strongly sensitive to solvent radii and densities, determining the excluded-volume contribution to transfer free energies using SPT may be problematic.
|
['Biophysical Phenomena', 'Biophysics', 'Ethanol', 'Ethylene Glycol', 'Macromolecular Substances', 'Models, Chemical', 'Solvents', 'Sucrose', 'Thermodynamics', 'Urea']
| 11,053,104
|
[['G01.154'], ['H01.158.344', 'H01.671.100'], ['D02.033.375'], ['D02.033.455.250.268'], ['D05'], ['E05.599.495'], ['D27.720.844'], ['D09.698.629.305.770', 'D09.947.750.770'], ['G01.906'], ['D02.065.950']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Integration of filgrastim into chemoradiation for limited small cell lung cancer: a Phase I study.
|
PURPOSE: Recent studies document the value of early combined modality therapy of small cell lung cancer, but also indicate that early thoracic radiation adds to myelosuppression and can complicate further chemotherapy. Other studies indicate that simultaneous use of growth factors with thoracic radiation may be deleterious. However, temporal separation of growth factor use from cytotoxic therapy may allow dose intensity to be maintained/enhanced during combined modality treatment. We sought to integrate filgrastim into a novel chemoradiation regimen for patients with limited small cell lung cancer using an approach that separated growth factor administration from both chemotherapy and thoracic radiation.METHODS AND MATERIALS: Twenty-seven patients with limited disease small cell lung cancer were enrolled in a Phase I trial of cisplatin, ifosfamide/mesna, oral etoposide, and thoracic radiation (1.5 Gy b.i.d. x 30 fractions days 1-19 cycle 1) +/- filgrastim (5 microg/kg/day). Filgrastim was given on days 20-25 of cycle 1 after completion of radiation and following completion of oral etoposide in subsequent cycles. The primary end point was determination of maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of chemotherapy. Serial cohorts were treated with and without filgrastim.RESULTS: Because of dose-limiting thrombocytopenia, primarily, and nonhematologic toxicity, the MTDs with and without filgrastim were identical (cisplatin 20 mg/m2 i.v. and ifosfamide 1200 mg/m2 i.v., both given days 1-3, and etoposide 40 mg/m2 p.o. days 1-14). Filgrastim use shortened the duration of neutropenia at the MTD (median 4 vs. 7 days), but was not associated with a reduction in febrile neutropenia. Although growth factor administration did not allow dose escalation of this regimen, it did allow chemotherapy doses to be maintained at the MTD more frequently through four cycles of therapy. In the 24 evaluable patients, the overall response rate was 100% (71% partial and 29% complete).CONCLUSIONS: Despite careful attention to the timing of growth factor with chemoradiation, the administration of filgrastim with this regimen did not allow dose escalation. As in many other recent studies of hematopoietic growth factors given prophylactically with chemotherapy, the duration of neutropenia at the MTD was shortened and the need for dose reduction throughout treatment was reduced in patients receiving filgrastim at the MTD.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols', 'Carcinoma, Small Cell', 'Cisplatin', 'Cohort Studies', 'Combined Modality Therapy', 'Disease-Free Survival', 'Etoposide', 'Female', 'Fever', 'Filgrastim', 'Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor', 'Humans', 'Ifosfamide', 'Lung Neoplasms', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neutropenia', 'Recombinant Proteins', 'Thrombocytopenia']
| 9,457,817
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E02.183.750.500', 'E02.319.077.500', 'E02.319.310.037'], ['C04.557.470.200.380'], ['D01.210.375', 'D01.625.125', 'D01.710.100'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['E02.186'], ['E01.789.800.190', 'E05.318.740.998.300', 'N04.761.559.590.800.190', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800.190', 'N05.715.360.750.795.300', 'N06.850.520.830.998.300'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.638.960.675.250', 'D04.615.638.960.675.250', 'D09.408.348.275'], ['C23.888.119.344'], ['D12.644.276.374.410.240.350.500', 'D12.776.395.240.200.500', 'D12.776.467.374.410.240.350.500', 'D23.529.374.410.240.350.500'], ['D12.644.276.374.410.240.350', 'D12.776.395.240.200', 'D12.776.467.374.410.240.350', 'D23.529.374.410.240.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D02.455.526.728.650.730.243.250', 'D02.705.672.500.243.250', 'D03.383.533.500'], ['C04.588.894.797.520', 'C08.381.540', 'C08.785.520'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C15.378.553.546.184.564'], ['D12.776.828'], ['C15.378.140.855']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Aroma-active components of Lycii fructus (kukija).
|
The fruit of Lycii fructus has been used as a tonic medicine and a long-term healthy food without side effect in Asia. An increase in the demand for natural healthy food, L. fructus has been thought as a source of healthy foods. For its value adding, its character impact aromas were isolated by using direct solvent extraction with vacuum transfer and identified by using gas chromatography olfactometry (GC-O) and GC-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Thirty-three odor compounds were sniffed at GC-O, each trial equipped with DB-5MS and HP-WAX capillary column. The most contributing odor compounds in L. fructus were (E)-2-heptenal (green, mushroomy), 1-heptanol (planty, oily), hexanal (planty), 3-octanol (mushroomy, planty), 1-octen-3-ol (mushroomy), and 2-methyl-2-butenoic acid (pungent, planty), which might be produced by enzymatic oxidation and/or oxidation of lipids and carotenes, resulting in undesirable aromas.
|
['Aldehydes', 'Butyrates', 'Drugs, Chinese Herbal', 'Fruit', 'Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry', 'Humans', 'Lycium', 'Odorants', 'Plant Extracts', 'Smell', 'Volatilization']
| 19,241,541
|
[['D02.047'], ['D02.241.081.114', 'D10.251.400.143'], ['D20.215.784.500.350', 'D26.335'], ['A18.024.500', 'G07.203.300.562', 'J02.500.562'], ['E05.196.181.349.500', 'E05.196.566.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.908.500.310'], ['G16.500.275.640', 'N06.230.480'], ['D20.215.784.500', 'D26.667'], ['F02.830.816.643', 'G11.561.790.643'], ['G01.645.750', 'G02.734.933']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Caregiver experience in mental illness: a perspective from a rural community in South Africa.
|
After the democratization of South Africa in 1994, the health-care system was reorganized in accordance with the primary health-care philosophy advocated by the World Health Organization. This was accompanied by a process of deinstitutionalization of mental health-care services, which has led families to become the main providers of care to individuals with mental illness. This study explores the experiences of informal family caregivers of persons with mental illness in a rural area in South Africa. Data were collected through eight individual semistructured interviews of informal caregivers who cared for relatives with mental illness and collect medications monthly at a community clinic in the Makhuduthamaga local municipality in Limpopo, South Africa. A qualitative research design was used, which was explorative, descriptive, and contextual. The data analysis revealed four major themes: (i) experiences of providing for physiological/physical needs; (ii) experiences of providing for emotional needs; (iii) experiences of providing for security needs; and (iv) experiences associated with the medical health-care programme. The study revealed that the experiences of family caregivers were conceptualized negatively, although the interview questions were intentionally neutral. This is believed to be due to the cultural explanatory models of mental illness prevalent in this region of South Africa. It is suggested that to increase compliance with medication, reduce relapse, and mitigate stigma associated mental illness, medical professionals need to incorporate aspects of cultural explanatory models into their explanations of the causes of illness.
|
['Adaptation, Psychological', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Attitude to Health', 'Caregivers', 'Cost of Illness', 'Deinstitutionalization', 'Family', 'Female', 'Health Services Needs and Demand', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Medication Adherence', 'Mental Disorders', 'Middle Aged', 'Nursing Methodology Research', 'Qualitative Research', 'Rural Health', 'Safety', 'Social Support', 'South Africa', 'Stereotyping']
| 19,740,145
|
[['F01.058'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['F01.100.150', 'N05.300.150'], ['M01.085', 'M01.526.485.200', 'N02.360.200'], ['N03.219.151.165', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.182', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.046'], ['E02.760.415.280', 'N02.421.585.415.280'], ['F01.829.263', 'I01.880.853.150'], ['N03.349.380.420', 'N05.300.450'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.100.150.750.500.600.500', 'F01.145.488.887.500.600.500', 'N05.300.150.800.500.600.500'], ['F03'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['H01.770.644.145.390.634', 'H02.478.395.634', 'N04.590.233.508.613.634'], ['H01.770.644.241.850'], ['N01.400.548.750'], ['N06.850.135.060.075'], ['I01.880.853.500.600'], ['Z01.058.290.175.735'], ['F01.100.920', 'F01.145.813.854']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Childhood pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis: a comprehensive clinical-histopathological and BRAFV600E
|
Childhood pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis (PLCH) is a rare disease. Its pulmonary histopathology, according to comprehensive clinical-radiological findings and BRAFV600E mutation status, has not yet been thoroughly documented. From the 167 childhood PLCH cases entered in the French National Histiocytosis Registry (1983-2016), we retrieved lung biopsies from a consecutive retrospective series of 17 patients, diagnosed when they were 2 weeks to 16 years old (median, 9.4 years), and report the clinical and histopathological findings herein. Histological analyses of biopsies (16 surgical and 1 postmortem) found the following features, alone or associated: Langerhans cell (LC) nodules with cavitation (9/17), cysts (14/17), fibrotic scars (2/17), peribronchiolar topographic distribution of the lesions (10/17), and accessory changes, like stretch emphysema (7/17). Those characteristics closely resemble those describing adult PLCH. However, unusual findings observed were 2 large nodules and a diffuse interstitial LC infiltrate. BRAFV600E mutation was detected in 4 of 12 samples tested, notably in the 3 with unusual features. In conclusion, childhood PLCH mostly shares the common histology features already described in adult PLCH, regardless of age. Because smoking is considered the major trigger in PLCH pathogenesis, the findings based on this series suggest other inducers of bronchiolar LC recruitment, especially in very young patients.
|
['Adolescent', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Cohort Studies', 'Female', 'France', 'Histiocytosis, Langerhans-Cell', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Lung Diseases', 'Male', 'Mutation', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf', 'Retrospective Studies']
| 31,054,893
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['Z01.542.286'], ['C08.381.483.375', 'C15.604.250.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['C08.381'], ['G05.365.590'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.559.842.374', 'D12.644.360.400.842.374', 'D12.776.476.400.842.437', 'D12.776.624.664.700.204.200'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Allergy to limpet.
|
Allergy to mollusk has rarely been described. The limpet, belonging to Phylum mollusca, is one of the most frequent mollusks in the Canary Islands, as in all warm maritime regions. We report two cases of atopic patients who developed anaphylactic reactions after ingestion of this mollusk. Type I hypersensitivity to limpet antigens was demonstrated by means of immediate skin test reactivity, specific IgE determination by RAST, and histamine release test to cooked limpet extract. The controls did not react to any of these tests. Allergic activity was only found with a cooked limpet extract; this suggests that the offending antigen/s may have been released by cooking this food.
|
['Adult', 'Anaphylaxis', 'Animals', 'Female', 'Food Hypersensitivity', 'Humans', 'Hypersensitivity, Immediate', 'Immunoglobulin E', 'Male', 'Mollusca', 'Shellfish', 'Spain']
| 1,796,776
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['C20.543.480.099'], ['B01.050'], ['C20.543.480.370'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C20.543.480'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.619.312', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.619.312', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.619.312'], ['B01.050.500.644'], ['G07.203.300.600.875.700', 'J02.500.600.875.700'], ['Z01.542.846']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
|
Simplification of rat intubation on inclined metal plate.
|
Small-animal intubation is often necessary during inhalation anesthesia to allow steady-state conditions for large operations and in vivo experiments in all fields of experimental surgery. In rats, placing an orotracheal tube is technically difficult primarily because of the small size of the subject and the lack of equipment specifically designed for this task. We describe a simple rat intubation technique in which the animal is suspended in dorsal recumbency on an inclined metal plate. The animal, anesthetized with ether, is fixed to a 70 degrees-inclined metal plate in a dorsal position by means of a Mersilene ribbon hooked around the upper incisors. This method of positioning the animal is the most important step in the intubation process and further facilitates the technique already described by other authors. A human otoscope was used as a laryngoscope, intubation was performed using the Seldinger technique, and a 14-gauge intravenous catheter served as an endotracheal tube. This inexpensive technique is quickly learned and can be used in any laboratory. Safe and reliable airway management can thus be achieved, permitting in vivo examinations and operations.
|
['Anesthetics, Inhalation', 'Animals', 'Ether', 'Intubation, Intratracheal', 'Otoscopes', 'Physiology', 'Posture', 'Rats']
| 14,973,009
|
[['D27.505.696.277.100.035.060', 'D27.505.954.427.210.100.035.060'], ['B01.050'], ['D02.355.417.332'], ['E02.041.500', 'E02.585.578', 'E05.497.578'], ['E07.230.550'], ['H01.158.782'], ['G11.427.695'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Levels and turnover of the proteinase B inhibitors in yeast.
|
The ratio of the proteinase B inhibitors IB1 and IB2 from baker's yeast was shown to depend on the yeast strain by specific immunoprecipitation from boiled yeast extract and subsequent electrophoresis of the heat-dissociated precipitates on polyacrylamide gels. Bothe IB1 and IB2 were found, IB2 being by far predominant. Saccharomyces carlsbergensis NCYC 74 contained IB1, whereas in Saccharomyces cerevisiae X 2180 only IB2 was present. When cells of the latter strain were labelled with [14C] leucine from the beginning of growth and pulsed with [3H] leucine during the stationary phase, no short-lived IB1 could be detected. However, the peak of IB2 resolved on the gel showed an increased 3H/14C ratio in comparison to the majority of the other cellular proteins. The increased 3H/14C ratio was found to be the result of catabolite repression of inhibitor synthesis during exponential growth: cells growing on glucose as carbon source contain high inhibitor levels only during the stationary phase of growth, whereas during growth on acetate high amounts of inhibitor are present even in exponentially growing cells. During the stationary phase of growth the inhibitor is degraded with the same half-life as the total cellular proteins (about 50 h).
|
['Fungal Proteins', 'Hot Temperature', 'Precipitin Tests', 'Protease Inhibitors', 'Saccharomyces', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae', 'Species Specificity']
| 1,100,120
|
[['D12.776.354'], ['G01.906.595.543', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710.380', 'G16.500.750.775.710.380', 'N06.230.300.100.725.232', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710.380'], ['E01.370.225.812.735.645', 'E05.196.150.639.500', 'E05.200.812.735.645', 'E05.478.594.760.645', 'E05.478.605.492'], ['D27.505.519.389.745'], ['B01.300.107.795.785', 'B01.300.930.705'], ['B01.300.107.795.785.800', 'B01.300.930.705.655'], ['G16.824']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
In vitro studies of liposome-mediated gene transfer into head and neck cancer cell lines.
|
The 5-year survival rate of patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (HNSCC) has remained poor despite innovative surgery and new radiation and chemotherapeutic strategies. In such patients, gene therapy relying on the modification of tumor cells by gene transfer may have great potential as a new treatment modality in the therapy of HNSCC. In the present study we developed an in vitro model to show the efficacy and technical feasibility of cationic liposome-mediated gene transfer into HNSCC. Five adherent squamous cell carcinoma cell lines were transfected with SV40- or CMV-promoter-driven CAT (chloramphenicol-acetyl-transferase)-expression plasmids using DOTAP as the liposome carrier. The level of CAT expression was shown to correlate directly with the amount of transfected DNA and could be measured by a CAT-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The results of gene transfer by liposome-DNA complexes obtained for all cell lines showed a dose-dependent efficacy correlating to the amount of DOTAP employed. The data demonstrate the successful in vitro transfection of epithelial cell lines with DNA, suggesting its usefulness as a new tool for head and neck cancer therapy in vivo.
|
['Carcinoma', 'Carcinoma, Squamous Cell', 'Cell Line', 'Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase', 'Cytomegalovirus', 'DNA, Viral', 'Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay', 'Epithelial Cells', 'Epithelium', 'Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated', 'Feasibility Studies', 'Gene Transfer Techniques', 'Genetic Therapy', 'HeLa Cells', 'Head and Neck Neoplasms', 'Humans', 'Liposomes', 'Plasmids', 'Promoter Regions, Genetic', 'Quaternary Ammonium Compounds', 'Simian virus 40', 'Survival Rate', 'Transfection', 'Tumor Cells, Cultured']
| 9,065,647
|
[['C04.557.470.200'], ['C04.557.470.200.400', 'C04.557.470.700.400'], ['A11.251.210'], ['D08.811.913.050.134.170'], ['B04.280.382.150.150'], ['D13.444.308.568'], ['E05.478.566.350.170', 'E05.478.566.380.360', 'E05.478.583.400.170', 'E05.601.470.350.170', 'E05.601.470.380.360'], ['A11.436'], ['A10.272'], ['D10.251.355.325'], ['E05.318.372.550', 'E05.337.675', 'N05.715.360.330.550', 'N06.850.520.450.550'], ['E05.393.350'], ['E02.095.301', 'E05.393.420.301'], ['A11.251.210.190.400', 'A11.251.860.180.400', 'A11.436.340'], ['C04.588.443'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D25.479.517', 'D26.255.260.517', 'J01.637.051.479.517', 'J01.637.087.500.517'], ['G05.360.600'], ['G02.111.570.080.689.675', 'G05.360.080.689.675', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.750.680'], ['D01.625.062.500', 'D02.092.877', 'D02.675.276'], ['B04.280.210.700.615.700', 'B04.613.204.670.615.700'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.900', 'N01.224.935.698.826', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.900', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.900'], ['E05.393.350.810', 'G05.728.860'], ['A11.251.860']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
A history of cardiology in Jamaica.
|
The history of cardiology in Jamaica is conveniently considered in decades beginning in the 1950s. The decade of the 1950s was characterized by early descriptions of the pattern of cardiac disease in adults and children in Jamaica, the establishment of a cardiac clinic at the University Hospital of the West Indies and early cardiac surgical landmarks. Extensive preparatory experimental work in the canine laboratory with respect to cardiopulmonary bypass in the early to mid-1960s culminated in the successful completion of the first open heart surgical procedure in April, 1968. Cardiac catheterization was also increasingly developed in the decade of the 1960s. A highlight of the decade of the 1970s was the establishment of the Heart Foundation of Jamaica which began contributing greatly to preventive cardiology in Jamaica by providing a variety of programmes of prevention. In the decade of the 1980s, non-invasive cardiac diagnostic facilities in Jamaica were considerably enhanced by the introduction and development of echocardiography, treadmill exercise testing and ambulatory electrocardiography. In addition, the very important National Rheumatic Fever prevention programme was established. The cardiac catheterization laboratory was re-opened in the 1990s, thus allowing the performance of coronary arteriography in Jamaica for the first time, and interventional cardiology procedures soon followed. The Jamaica Foundation for Cardiac disease was also established in this decade. The vision for the new millennium of "A heart healthy Jamaica in the 21st century" is achievable, but will require appropriate emphasis on expanded preventive and curative cardiology programmes.
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['Cardiac Surgical Procedures', 'Cardiology', 'Cardiology Service, Hospital', 'Cardiovascular Diseases', 'History, 20th Century', 'Hospitals, University', 'Humans', 'Jamaica', 'Surgery Department, Hospital', 'Voluntary Health Agencies']
| 15,352,749
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[['E04.100.376', 'E04.928.220'], ['H02.403.429.163'], ['N02.278.216.500.968.215', 'N04.452.442.452.422.215'], ['C14'], ['K01.400.504.968'], ['N02.278.020.300.310', 'N02.278.421.639.725'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.107.084.900.525', 'Z01.639.880.525'], ['N02.278.216.500.968.750', 'N04.452.442.452.422.750'], ['N03.540.630.780']]
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['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
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The influence of informal learning and learning transfer on nurses' clinical performance: A descriptive cross-sectional study.
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BACKGROUND: Workplace learning in hospitals consists mostly of informal learning processes that take place during specific work situations. Informal learning and effective learning transfer are expected to have a positive impact on nurses' clinical performance.OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of informal learning and learning transfer on nurses' clinical performance.DESIGN: A cross-sectional, descriptive survey study.METHODS: The study was conducted by 200 nurses, two tertiary university hospitals in South Korea. Characteristics of the participants, informal learning, learning transfer, and clinical performance of nurses were collected, using self-reported questionnaires, from February to March 2018. Data were analyzed by t-test or analysis of variance, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and hierarchical multiple regression analysis.RESULTS: The factors related to the nurse's clinical performance were clinical career, voluntary participation in clinical performance-related education, and the explanatory power of the model was 22.4%. When informal learning was added to the model, clinical career, informal learning, and voluntary participation in education were significantly related to clinical performance and the explanatory power increased by 4.9%. Finally, when learning transfer was added, learning transfer and clinical career level were determined to be influencing factors on clinical performance, and the explanatory power increased by 10.3%. The total explanatory power of the model was 37.6% (F=11.906, p<.001).CONCLUSIONS: This study found that significant correlations have been confirmed between the variables and learning transfer was an influential factor in clinical performance. Based on these results, the researchers suggest encouraging informal learning and developing learning transfer programs that consider the nurses' careers.
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['Attitude of Health Personnel', 'Clinical Competence', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Humans', 'Nurses', 'Republic of Korea', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Transfer, Psychology', 'Translational Medical Research']
| 31,253,442
|
[['F01.100.050', 'N05.300.100'], ['I02.399.630.210', 'N04.761.210', 'N05.715.175'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.526.485.650', 'N02.360.650'], ['Z01.252.474.557.750'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['F02.463.425.910'], ['H01.770.644.145.675']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
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| 0
| 1
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| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
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| 1
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Hyperforin, a bio-active compound of St. John's Wort, is a new inhibitor of angiogenesis targeting several key steps of the process.
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Hyperforin, a phloroglucinol derivative found in St. John's wort related mainly to its antidepressant effects, has been reported recently to induce apoptosis in tumour cells and to inhibit cancer invasion and metastasis. We show that hyperforin inhibits angiogenesis in vitro in bovine aortic endothelial cells and in vivo in the chorioallantoic membrane assay. In a variety of experimental systems representing the sequential events of the angiogenic process, hyperforin treatment of endothelial cells resulted in strong inhibitory effects. Hyperforin inhibited the growth of endothelial cells in culture. Capillary tube formation on Matrigel was abrogated completely by addition of hypeforin at the low micromolar range. Hyperforin also exhibited a clear inhibitory effect on the invasive capabilities of endothelial cells. Zymographic assays showed that hyperforin treatment produced a complete inhibition of urokinase and a remarkable inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase 2. Our data indicates that hyperforin is a compound that interferes with key events in angiogenesis, confirming the recent and growing evidence about a potential role of this compound in cancer and metastasis inhibition and making it a promising drug for further evaluation in the treatment of angiogenesis-related pathologies.
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['3T3 Cells', 'Angiogenesis Inhibitors', 'Animals', 'Bridged Bicyclo Compounds', 'Cattle', 'Cell Division', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Endothelium, Vascular', 'Extracellular Matrix', 'Humans', 'Hypericum', 'Mice', 'Neovascularization, Physiologic', 'Phloroglucinol', 'Terpenes']
| 15,981,212
|
[['A11.251.210.100', 'A11.329.228.100'], ['D27.505.696.377.077.099', 'D27.505.696.377.450.100', 'D27.505.954.248.025'], ['B01.050'], ['D02.455.426.100.080', 'D04.075.080'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['G04.144.220', 'G04.161.750.500', 'G05.113', 'G07.345.249.410.750.500'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['A11.251'], ['A07.015.700.500', 'A10.272.491.355'], ['A11.284.295.310'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.859.625.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['G09.330.630'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.657.684'], ['D02.455.849']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
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| 0
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Comprehensive analysis of the L-arginine/L-homoarginine/nitric oxide pathway in preterm neonates: potential roles for homoarginine and asymmetric dimethylarginine in foetal growth.
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L-Arginine (Arg) and L-homoarginine (hArg) are precursors of nitric oxide (NO), a signalling molecule with multiple important roles in human organism. In the circulation of adults, high concentrations of asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) and low concentrations of hArg emerged as cardiovascular risk factors. Yet, the importance of the Arg/hArg/NO pathway, especially of hArg and ADMA, in preterm neonates is little understood. We comprehensively investigated the Arg/hArg/NO pathway in 106 healthy preterm infants (51 boys, 55 girls) aged between 23 + 6 and 36 + 1 gestational weeks. Babies were divided into two groups: group I consisted of 31 babies with a gestational age of 23 + 6 - 29 + 6 weeks; group II comprised 75 children with a gestational age of 30 + 0 - 36 + 1 weeks. Plasma and urine concentrations of ADMA, SDMA, hArg, Arg, dimethylamine (DMA) which is the major urinary ADMA metabolite, as well as of nitrite and nitrate, the major NO metabolites, were determined by GC-MS and GC-MS/MS methods. ADMA and hArg plasma levels, but not the hArg/ADMA molar ratio, were significantly higher in group II than in group I: 895 ± 166 nM vs. 774 ± 164 nM (P = 0.001) for ADMA and 0.56 ± 0.04 µM vs. 0.48 ± 0.08 µM (P = 0.010) for hArg. There was no statistical difference between the groups with regard to urinary ADMA (12.2 ± 4.6 vs 12.8 ± 3.6 µmol/mmol creatinine; P = 0.61) and urinary SDMA. Urinary hArg, ADMA, SDMA correlated tightly with each other. Urinary excretion of DMA was slightly higher in group I compared to group II: 282 ± 44 vs. 247 ± 35 µmol/mmol creatinine (P = 0.004). The DMA/ADMA molar ratio in urine was tendentiously higher in neonates of group I compared to group II: 27 ± 13 vs. 20 ± 5 (P = 0.065). There were no differences between the groups with respect to Arg in plasma and to nitrite and nitrate in plasma and urine. In preterm neonates, ADMA and hArg biosynthesis increases with gestational age without remarkable changes in the hArg/ADMA ratio or NO biosynthesis. Our study suggests that ADMA and hArg are involved in foetal growth.
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['Arginine', 'Female', 'Fetal Development', 'Gestational Age', 'Homoarginine', 'Humans', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Infant, Premature', 'Male', 'Metabolic Networks and Pathways', 'Nitric Oxide']
| 28,161,799
|
[['D12.125.068.050', 'D12.125.095.104', 'D12.125.142.087'], ['G07.345.500.325.235', 'G08.686.784.170.157'], ['G07.345.500.325.235.968', 'G08.686.320'], ['D12.125.068.050.400', 'D12.125.095.104.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['M01.060.703.520.520'], ['G03.493'], ['D01.339.387', 'D01.625.550.500', 'D01.625.700.500', 'D01.650.550.587.600']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
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Coculture with intraocular lens material-activated macrophages induces an inflammatory phenotype in lens epithelial cells.
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Cataracts are the leading cause of blindness worldwide, requiring surgical implantation of an intraocular lens. Despite evidence of leukocyte ingress into the postoperative lens, few studies have investigated the leukocyte response to intraocular lens materials. A novel coculture model was developed to examine macrophage activation by hydrophilic acrylic (poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate)) and hydrophobic acrylic (polymethylmethacrylate) commercial intraocular lens. The human monocytic cell line THP-1 was differentiated into macrophages and cocultured with human lens epithelial cell line (HLE-B3) with or without an intraocular lens for one, two, four, or six days. Using flow cytometry and confocal microscopy, expression of the macrophage activation marker CD54 (intercellular adhesion molecule-1) and production of reactive oxygen species via the fluorogenic probe 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate were examined in macrophages. á-Smooth muscle actin, a transdifferentiation marker, was characterized in lens epithelial cells. The poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) intraocular lens prevented adhesion but induced significant macrophage activation (p < 0.03) versus control (no intraocular lens), while the polymethylmethacrylate intraocular lens enabled adhesion and multinucleated fusion, but induced no significant activation. Coculture with either intraocular lens increased reactive oxygen species production in macrophages after one day (p < 0.03) and increased expression of á-smooth muscle actin in HLE B-3 after six days, although only poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) induced a significant difference versus control (p < 0.01). Our results imply that-contrary to prior uveal biocompatibility understanding-macrophage adherence is not necessary for a strong inflammatory response to an intraocular lens, with hydrophilic surfaces inducing higher activation than hydrophobic surfaces. These findings provide a new method of inquiry into uveal biocompatibility, specifically through the quantification of cell-surface markers of leukocyte activation.
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['Actins', 'Biocompatible Materials', 'Capsule Opacification', 'Cell Adhesion', 'Cell Line', 'Coculture Techniques', 'Cytokines', 'Epithelial Cells', 'Humans', 'Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions', 'Inflammation', 'Inflammation Mediators', 'Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1', 'Lens, Crystalline', 'Lenses, Intraocular', 'Macrophage Activation', 'Macrophages', 'Materials Testing', 'Phenotype', 'Polyhydroxyethyl Methacrylate', 'Polymethyl Methacrylate', 'Posterior Capsule of the Lens', 'Reactive Oxygen Species']
| 25,281,645
|
[['D05.750.078.730.250', 'D12.776.210.500.100', 'D12.776.220.525.255'], ['D25.130', 'D27.720.102.130', 'J01.637.051.130'], ['C11.510.245.500'], ['G04.022'], ['A11.251.210'], ['E05.481.500.374'], ['D12.644.276.374', 'D12.776.467.374', 'D23.529.374'], ['A11.436'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G02.409'], ['C23.550.470'], ['D23.469'], ['D12.776.395.550.200.450', 'D12.776.543.550.200.450', 'D23.050.301.350.450'], ['A09.371.060.500'], ['E07.632.500.460', 'E07.695.460'], ['G12.287.500'], ['A11.329.372', 'A11.627.482', 'A11.733.397', 'A15.382.670.522', 'A15.382.680.397'], ['E05.570'], ['G05.695'], ['D02.033.455.250.700.685', 'D02.241.081.069.800.700', 'D05.750.716.822.111.650.750', 'D05.750.741.685', 'D25.720.716.822.111.650.750', 'D25.720.741.685', 'J01.637.051.720.716.822.111.650.750', 'J01.637.051.720.741.685'], ['D02.241.081.069.800.550.500', 'D05.750.716.822.111.650.605.500', 'D25.720.716.822.111.650.605.500', 'J01.637.051.720.716.822.111.650.605.500'], ['A09.371.060.500.155.500'], ['D01.339.431', 'D01.650.775']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
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Development of an immune function assay by measuring intracellular adenosine triphosphate (iATP) levels in mitogen-stimulated CD4+ T lymphocytes.
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We developed an immune function assay for monitoring CD4+ T cells activity based on changes in intracellular adenosine triphosphate (iATP) levels after phytohemagglutinin (PHA) stimulation. Blood samples were obtained from 40 healthy subjects and 30 RTRs and incubated with 5 µg/mL of PHA for 15-18 hr at 37°C and 5% CO2. Afterward, the CD4+ T cells were separated by antibody-coated magnetic beads and lysed. Then, iATP content in unstimulated and stimulated conditions was measured by luciferin-luciferase reaction using a log-log standard curve. The iATP levels showed significant increase in CD4+ T cells in both healthy persons (mean: 550 ± 142 ng/mL vs. 109 ± 54 ng/mL) and RTRs (mean: 394 ± 160 ng/mL vs. 52 ± 37 ng/mL) after PHA stimulation (P < 0.001). However, the iATP production in RTRs was significantly lower than that in healthy individuals; both prior to and after stimulation with PHA (P < 0.001). No gender-specific difference in iATP production was observed between women and men subjects. This rapid and low-cost assay reflects the degree of immune cell function through assessment of CD4+ T cells activation. Thus, it can be used for evaluation of immune system status in immunodeficient individuals as well as in immunosuppressed transplant recipients who needs drug adjustment.
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['Adenosine Triphosphate', 'Adult', 'CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Immunity, Cellular', 'Immunoassay', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Phytohemagglutinins', 'Young Adult']
| 27,089,103
|
[['D03.633.100.759.646.138.236', 'D13.695.667.138.236', 'D13.695.827.068.236'], ['M01.060.116'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.569.200', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.200', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.200'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G12.450.050.400'], ['E05.478.566', 'E05.601.470'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D12.776.395.560.825', 'D12.776.503.499.750', 'D12.776.765.678.750'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
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Effects of human neutrophil granule extracts on macromolecular synthesis in Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
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Neisseria gonorrhoeae were exponentially killed for 120 min (i.e., they were prevented from forming colonies on agar) by extracts of human neutrophil granules; however, macromolecular synthesis, indicated by incorporation of radiolabeled precursors in trichloroacetic acid-precipitable material, continued at or above zero time control values for 45 min. Protein, deoxyribonucleic acid, and ribonucleic acid synthesis appeared to decrease simultaneously after 45 min. Little or no lysis gonococci occurred during the first 60 min of incubation. The ions K+, Na+, Ca2+, Cl1-, SO4(2-) and PO4(3-) at concentrations of less than or equal to 100 mM did not affect granule extract bactericidal activity. On the other hand, 20 mM Mg2+ completely inhibited killing when initially present along with granule extract or when added within 2 to 5 min after granule extract was added to a suspension of gonococci. Gonococci treated with granule extract, washed, and then incubated in gonococci. Gonococci treated with granule extract, washed, and then incubated in the absence of extract died as if extract were still present. The ability of subinhibitory concentrations of actinomycin D or erythromycin to inhibit growth and protein and nucleic acid synthesis was synergistically increased in the presence of granule extract. The above information suggests that a bactericidal component(s) of human neutrophil granules sticks to gonococci, altering their outer membrane permeability and their ability to divide.
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['Anions', 'Bacterial Proteins', 'Cations', 'Cell Membrane Permeability', 'DNA, Bacterial', 'Humans', 'Kinetics', 'Lysosomes', 'Neisseria gonorrhoeae', 'Neutrophils', 'RNA, Bacterial']
| 6,168,589
|
[['D01.248.497.158'], ['D12.776.097'], ['D01.248.497.300'], ['G03.143.335', 'G04.175'], ['D13.444.308.212'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.190.550'], ['B03.440.400.425.550.550.474', 'B03.660.075.525.520.400'], ['A11.118.637.415.583', 'A11.627.340.583', 'A11.733.689', 'A15.145.229.637.415.583', 'A15.382.490.315.583', 'A15.382.680.689'], ['D13.444.735.473']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
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Early evidence of molariform hypsodonty in a Triassic stem-mammal.
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Hypsodonty, the occurrence of high-crowned teeth, is widespread among mammals with diets rich in abrasive material, such as plants or soil, because it increases the durability of dentitions against wear. Hypsodont postcanine teeth evolved independently in multiple mammalian lineages and in the closely related mammaliaforms since the Jurassic period. Here, we report the oldest record, to our knowledge, of hypsodont postcanines in the non-mammaliaform stem-mammal, Menadon besairiei, from the early Late Triassic. The postcanines are long and columnar, with open roots. They were not replaced in older individuals and remained functional after the total wear of the crown enamel. Dental histology suggests that, convergently to hypsodont mammals, wear was compensated by the prolonged growth of each postcanine, resulting in dentine hypsodont teeth most similar to extant xenarthran mammals. These findings highlight the constraints imposed by limited tooth replacement and tooth wear in the evolutionary trajectories of herbivorous mammals and stem-mammals.
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['Animals', 'Dentition', 'Fossils', 'Mammals', 'Phylogeny', 'Tooth', 'Tooth Wear']
| 31,253,810
|
[['B01.050'], ['A03.556.500.379', 'A14.549.167'], ['I01.076.368.584.311'], ['B01.050.150.900.649'], ['G05.697', 'G16.075.605', 'L01.100.697'], ['A14.549.167.860'], ['C07.793.818']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
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Defects of the LDL receptor in WHHL transgenic rabbits lead to a marked accumulation of plasma lipoprotein[a].
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In this study, we created LDL receptor (LDLr) defective (WHHL) transgenic rabbits expressing human apo[a] to examine whether LDLr mediates the Lp[a] clearance from the plasma. By crossbreeding WHHL rabbits with human apo[a] transgenic rabbits, we obtained two groups of human apo[a] transgenic rabbits with defective LDLr functions: apo[a](1/0) WHHL heterozygous (LDLr(+/-) and apo[a](+/0) WHHL homozygous (LDLr(-/-) rabbits. The lipid and lipoprotein levels of human apo[a] WHHL rabbits were compared to those of human apo[a] transgenic rabbits with normal LDLr functions (LDLr(+/+). The apo[a] production rate was evaluated by analyzing apo[a] mRNA expression in the liver, the major site for apo[a] synthesis in transgenic rabbits. We found that pre-beta lipoproteins were markedly increased accompanied by a 2-fold increase in the plasma Lp[a] in apo[a](+/0)/LDLr(+/-) rabbits and a 4.2-fold increase in apo[a](+/0)/LDLr(-/-) rabbits compared with that in apo[a](+/0) rabbits with normal LDLr function. In apo[a](+/0)/LDLr(-/-) rabbits, there was a marked increase in plasma total cholesterol and triglycerides, as was found in their counterpart non-transgenic WHHL rabbits. Northern blot analysis revealed that hepatic apo[a] expression in WHHL transgenic rabbits was similar to that in LDLr(+/+) transgenic rabbits, suggesting the accumulation of plasma Lp[a] in WHHL transgenic rabbits was not due to increased apo[a] synthesis. In conclusion, absence of a functional LDLr leads to a marked accumulation of plasma Lp[a] in human apo[a] transgenic WHHL rabbits and LDLr may participate in the catabolism of Lp[a] in rabbits.
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['Animals', 'Animals, Genetically Modified', 'Humans', 'Lipoprotein(a)', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Rabbits', 'Receptors, LDL']
| 10,828,093
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.050.136', 'B05.620.136'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D10.532.350', 'D12.776.521.400'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.968.700'], ['D12.776.543.750.710.450']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
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Molecular Modelling of Berberine Derivatives as Inhibitors of Human Smoothened Receptor and Hedgehog Signalling Pathway Using a Newly Developed Algorithm on Anti-Cancer Drugs.
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BACKGROUND: Protoberberine isoquinoline alkaloids are found in many plant species. They consist of a diverse class of secondary metabolites with many pharmacologically active members, such as different derivatives of berberine already patented. In the development of approximately 20-25% of all cancers, altered hedgehog (Hh) signalling is involved where the smoothened (Smo) transmembrane receptor triggers Hh signalling pathway towards Gli1 gene expression.OBJECTIVE: The current study aimed to model and verify the anti-Smo activity of berberine and its derivatives using a novel automated script.METHOD: Based on the patented inventions filed on ADMET modelling until 2016, which also predicts ADMET parameters and binding efficiency indices for all molecules, a script was developed to run automated molecular docking for a large number of small molecules.RESULTS: Berberine was found to interact with Lys395 of Smo receptor via hydrogen bonding and cation-ð interactions. In addition, ð-ð interactions between berberine aromatic rings and two aromatic residues in the Smo transmembrane domain, Tyr394 and Phe484, were noted. Binding efficiency indices using an in silico approach to plot the Smo-specific binding potency of each ligand was performed. The mRNA level of Gli1 was studied as the outcome of Hh signalling pathway to show the effect of berberine on hedgehog signalling.CONCLUSION: This study predicted the role of berberine as an inhibitor of Smo receptor, suggesting its effectiveness in hedgehog signalling during cancer treatment.
|
['Algorithms', 'Antineoplastic Agents', 'Berberine', 'Computer Simulation', 'Hedgehog Proteins', 'Humans', 'Hydrogen Bonding', 'Ligands', 'Models, Molecular', 'Molecular Docking Simulation', 'Neoplasms', 'Patents as Topic', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Signal Transduction', 'Smoothened Receptor', 'Zinc Finger Protein GLI1']
| 28,969,581
|
[['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['D27.505.954.248'], ['D03.132.098.057.100', 'D03.633.400.168.100'], ['L01.224.160'], ['D12.644.276.671', 'D12.776.467.671', 'D23.529.671'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G02.282'], ['D27.720.470.480'], ['E05.599.595'], ['E05.599.595.249', 'L01.224.160.249'], ['C04'], ['I01.880.604.583.458.650', 'N03.706.535.518.650'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.017.500', 'D12.776.543.750.850.500.500'], ['D12.776.260.755.850', 'D12.776.624.664.700.989', 'D12.776.930.900.700']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
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Intensive care unit drug use and subsequent quality of life in acute lung injury patients.
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OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship between the use of sedative and neuromuscular blocking agents during a patient's intensive care unit (ICU) stay and subsequent measures of health-related quality of life.DESIGN: Cross-sectional mail survey and retrospective medical record abstraction of a prospectively identified cohort of lung injury patients.SETTING: ICUs in three teaching hospitals in a major metropolitan area.PATIENTS: Patients with acute lung injury (n = 24).INTERVENTIONS: None--observational study.MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Patients' charts were reviewed for those patients returning postdischarge quality-of-life questionnaires. Duration, daily dose, and route of administration for sedatives and neuromuscular blocking agents were abstracted from ICU flow sheets. Relationships among ICU variables (days of sedation, days of neuromuscular blockade, and severity of illness as measured by Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation III score) and outcomes (symptoms of depression and symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder) were assessed. Depressive symptoms at follow-up were correlated with days of sedation (p = .007), but not with days of neuromuscular blockade or initial severity of illness. The composite posttraumatic stress disorder symptom impact score was correlated with days of sedation (p = .006) and days of neuromuscular blockade (p = .035), but not with initial severity of illness. There were no significant differences between the frequency of patients reporting a specific posttraumatic stress disorder symptom in the high sedation group and the low sedation group, and there were no significant differences in specific posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms between the group that had received neuromuscular blockade and those who had not.CONCLUSIONS: The use of sedatives and neuromuscular blocking agents in the ICU is positively associated with subsequent measures of depression and posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms 6-41 months after ICU treatment for acute lung injury.
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['APACHE', 'Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Critical Care', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hypnotics and Sedatives', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neuromuscular Blocking Agents', 'Quality of Life', 'Respiratory Distress Syndrome', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Severity of Illness Index', 'Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic']
| 11,098,964
|
[['E05.318.308.980.438.475.365', 'E05.318.308.980.438.475.456.500.250', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.364.500.250', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.364.500.250'], ['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E02.760.190', 'N02.421.585.190'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D27.505.696.277.350', 'D27.505.954.427.210.350'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D27.505.696.663.700.710'], ['I01.800', 'K01.752.400.750', 'N06.850.505.400.425.837'], ['C08.381.840', 'C08.618.840'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475.456.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.364.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.364.500'], ['F03.950.750.500']]
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['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
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| 1
| 0
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Visualizing long-range movement of the morphogen Xnr2 in the Xenopus embryo.
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One way in which cells acquire positional information during embryonic development is by measuring the local concentration of a signaling factor, or morphogen, that is secreted by an organizing center . The ways in which morphogen gradients are established, particularly in vertebrates, remain obscure, although various suggestions have been made for the mechanisms by which signaling molecules traverse fields of cells. These include simple diffusion, "cytonemes", filopodia, "argosomes", and "transcytosis". In this study, we use a functional EGFP-tagged ligand to visualize long-range signaling in the Xenopus embryo in real time. Our results show that the TGF-beta family member Xnr2 is secreted efficiently from embryonic cells, and a new method of tissue recombination allows us to investigate the way in which the morphogen traverses multiple cell diameters. This reveals that Xnr2 exerts long-range effects by diffusing rapidly through the extracellular milieu of nonexpressing cells. No evidence has been obtained for long-range signaling through cytonemes, filopodia, argosomes, or transcytosis. In demonstrating that long-range signaling in the early Xenopus embryo occurs by diffusion rather than by these alternative routes, our results suggest that different morphogens in different developmental contexts use different means of transport.
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['Activins', 'Animals', 'Blotting, Western', 'DNA Primers', 'Diffusion', 'Fluorescence', 'Green Fluorescent Proteins', 'In Situ Hybridization', 'Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins', 'Microscopy, Confocal', 'Morphogenesis', 'Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Signal Transduction', 'Transforming Growth Factor beta', 'Xenopus', 'Xenopus Proteins']
| 15,530,392
|
[['D06.472.334.500', 'D06.472.699.009', 'D12.644.548.009', 'D12.776.395.022'], ['B01.050'], ['E05.196.401.143', 'E05.301.300.096', 'E05.478.566.320.200', 'E05.601.262', 'E05.601.470.320.200'], ['D13.695.578.424.450.275', 'D27.720.470.530.600.223.600'], ['G01.202', 'G02.196'], ['G01.358.500.505.650.665.500', 'G01.590.540.665.500'], ['D12.776.532.265'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.670.325', 'E01.370.225.750.600.670.325', 'E05.200.500.620.670.325', 'E05.200.750.600.670.325', 'E05.393.661.475'], ['D12.644.276', 'D12.776.467', 'D23.529'], ['E01.370.350.515.395', 'E05.595.395'], ['G07.345.500'], ['E05.393.620.500.725'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['D12.644.276.374.687', 'D12.644.276.954.775', 'D12.776.467.374.687', 'D12.776.467.942.775', 'D23.529.374.687', 'D23.529.942.775'], ['B01.050.150.900.090.180.610.500'], ['D12.776.045.500']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
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