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Regeneration of aged DMF for use in solid-phase peptide synthesis.
|
Dimethylformamide (DMF), which is still the most commonly used solvent for Fmoc-SPPS, has the potential for degradation over time on exposure to air (and water vapour) and storage, to give dimethylamine and formic acid impurities. In particular, dimethylamine can lead to unwanted deprotection of the fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl (Fmoc) group during, for example, the initial loading of Fmoc amino acids in SPPS, which leads reduced calculated loading values. We have found that treatment of such aged DMF by simple sparging with an inert gas (N2 ), or vacuum sonication, can regenerate the DMF in order to restore loading levels back to those found for newer, fresh, DMF samples.
|
['Dimethylamines', 'Dimethylformamide', 'Drug Stability', 'Equipment Reuse', 'Fluorenes', 'Formates', 'Kinetics', 'Nitrogen', 'Oxidation-Reduction', 'Resins, Synthetic', 'Solid-Phase Synthesis Techniques', 'Solvents', 'Sonication']
| 30,585,396
|
[['D02.092.668.387'], ['D02.065.463.387', 'D02.241.081.420.500.387'], ['E05.916.330'], ['E05.328', 'N06.850.585'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.389', 'D04.615.389'], ['D02.241.081.420'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['D01.268.604', 'D01.362.625'], ['G02.700', 'G03.295.531'], ['D05.750.716.822', 'D25.339.816', 'D25.720.716.822', 'J01.637.051.339.816', 'J01.637.051.720.716.822'], ['E05.197.500', 'J01.897.836.249.500'], ['D27.720.844'], ['E05.848']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
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Optimisation of a double-centrifugation method for preparation of canine platelet-rich plasma.
|
BACKGROUND: Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has been expected for regenerative medicine because of its growth factors. However, there is considerable variability in the recovery and yield of platelets and the concentration of growth factors in PRP preparations. The aim of this study was to identify optimal relative centrifugal force and spin time for the preparation of PRP from canine blood using a double-centrifugation tube method.METHODS: Whole blood samples were collected in citrate blood collection tubes from 12 healthy beagles. For the first centrifugation step, 10 different run conditions were compared to determine which condition produced optimal recovery of platelets. Once the optimal condition was identified, platelet-containing plasma prepared using that condition was subjected to a second centrifugation to pellet platelets. For the second centrifugation, 12 different run conditions were compared to identify the centrifugal force and spin time to produce maximal pellet recovery and concentration increase. Growth factor levels were estimated by using ELISA to measure platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) concentrations in optimised CaCl2-activated platelet fractions.RESULTS: The highest platelet recovery rate and yield were obtained by first centrifuging whole blood at 1000 g for 5 min and then centrifuging the recovered platelet-enriched plasma at 1500 g for 15 min. This protocol recovered 80% of platelets from whole blood and increased platelet concentration six-fold and produced the highest concentration of PDGF-BB in activated fractions.CONCLUSIONS: We have described an optimised double-centrifugation tube method for the preparation of PRP from canine blood. This optimised method does not require particularly expensive equipment or high technical ability and can readily be carried out in a veterinary clinical setting.
|
['Animals', 'Becaplermin', 'Cell Separation', 'Centrifugation', 'Dogs', 'Male', 'Platelet-Rich Plasma', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-sis']
| 28,651,609
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.644.276.910.650.500', 'D12.776.260.690.500', 'D12.776.467.910.650.500', 'D23.529.910.650.500'], ['E01.370.225.500.363', 'E05.200.500.363', 'E05.242.363'], ['E05.181'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.250.216.200'], ['A12.207.152.693.600', 'A12.207.270.695.600', 'A15.145.693.600'], ['D12.644.276.910.650', 'D12.776.124.625.650', 'D12.776.260.690', 'D12.776.467.910.650', 'D12.776.624.664.700.195', 'D23.529.910.650']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
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Warm white light from Y4MgSi3O13:Bi3+, Eu3+ nanophosphor for white light-emitting diodes.
|
Y(4)MgSi(3)O(13):Bi(3+), Eu(3+) nanophosphors have been prepared by a facile sol-gel method. The products have been characterized by X-ray diffraction, field-emission scanning electron microscopy and fluorescence measurements. The results show that the nanophosphors are of single phase hexagonal Y(4)MgSi(3)O(13) with size-distribution of 50-90 nm in diameter. White-light emission has been obtained from Bi(3+) and Eu(3+) co-doped Y(4)MgSi(3)O(13) nanophosphors upon excitation of 350 nm ultraviolet light. It is noted that Bi(3+) ions can occupy two different Y(3+) sites and generate different emissions from the (3)p(1) --> (1)s(0) transition. Warm white light has been obtained from Y(4)MgSi(3)O(13):Bi(3+), Eu(3+) nanophosphors according to Commission International de I'Eclairage (CIE) chromaticity coordinates and color temperature (T(c)) with appropriately adjusted contents of Bi(3+) and Eu(3+). The results indicate that Y(4)MgSi(3)O(13):0.08Bi(3+), 0.04Eu(3+) (x = 0.31, y = 0.31, T(c) = 6907 K) are potential nanophosphors for white light-emitting diodes (LEDs) applications.
|
['Bismuth', 'Europium', 'Fluorescence', 'Light', 'Lighting', 'Microscopy, Electron, Scanning', 'Nanostructures', 'Phase Transition', 'Silicates', 'X-Ray Diffraction']
| 19,615,932
|
[['D01.268.271.245', 'D01.268.556.100', 'D01.496.749.305.245', 'D01.552.544.100'], ['D01.268.558.362.468', 'D01.552.550.399.468'], ['G01.358.500.505.650.665.500', 'G01.590.540.665.500'], ['G01.358.500.505.650', 'G01.590.540', 'G01.750.250.650', 'G01.750.770.578'], ['N06.230.150.410'], ['E01.370.350.515.402.541', 'E05.595.402.541'], ['J01.637.512'], ['G01.645', 'G02.734'], ['D01.578.725', 'D01.837.725.700.760'], ['E05.196.309.742', 'E05.196.822.950', 'G01.867.950', 'G02.965']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
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Aflatoxin levels in sunflower seeds and cakes collected from micro- and small-scale sunflower oil processors in Tanzania.
|
Aflatoxin, a mycotoxin found commonly in maize and peanuts worldwide, is associated with liver cancer, acute toxicosis, and growth impairment in humans and animals. In Tanzania, sunflower seeds are a source of snacks, cooking oil, and animal feed. These seeds are a potential source of aflatoxin contamination. However, reports on aflatoxin contamination in sunflower seeds and cakes are scarce. The objective of the current study was to determine total aflatoxin concentrations in sunflower seeds and cakes from small-scale oil processors across Tanzania. Samples of sunflower seeds (n = 90) and cakes (n = 92) were collected across two years, and analyzed for total aflatoxin concentrations using a direct competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). For seed samples collected June-August 2014, the highest aflatoxin concentrations were from Dodoma (1.7-280.6 ng/g), Singida (1.4-261.8 ng/g), and Babati-Manyara (1.8-162.0 ng/g). The highest concentrations for cakes were from Mbeya (2.8-97.7 ng/g), Dodoma (1.9-88.2 ng/g), and Singida (2.0-34.3 ng/g). For seed samples collected August-October 2015, the highest concentrations were from Morogoro (2.8-662.7 ng/g), Singida (1.6-217.6 ng/g) and Mbeya (1.4-174.2 ng/g). The highest concentrations for cakes were from Morogoro (2.7-536.0 ng/g), Dodoma (1.4-598.4 ng/g) and Singida (3.2-52.8 ng/g). In summary, humans and animals are potentially at high risk of exposure to aflatoxins through sunflower seeds and cakes from micro-scale millers in Tanzania; and location influences risk.
|
['Aflatoxins', 'Food Contamination', 'Food Microbiology', 'Helianthus', 'Plant Oils', 'Seeds', 'Sunflower Oil', 'Tanzania']
| 28,419,131
|
[['D03.383.663.283.119', 'D03.633.100.150.119', 'D23.946.587.142'], ['J01.576.423.850.730.500.249', 'N06.850.460.400', 'N06.850.601.500.249'], ['H01.158.273.540.274.332', 'J01.576.423.850.730.500.249.300', 'N06.850.425.200', 'N06.850.460.400.300', 'N06.850.601.500.249.300'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.100.400'], ['D10.627.700', 'D20.215.784.750'], ['A18.024.500.750', 'G07.203.300.775', 'J02.500.775'], ['D20.215.784.750.910'], ['Z01.058.290.120.840']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Repair of burns of the scrotum using a gracilis myocutaneous flap.
|
An unusual case of isolated burns of the scrotum reconstructed by a unilateral gracilis myocutaneous flap is reported because of its clinical rarity.
|
['Adult', 'Burns', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Scrotum', 'Surgical Flaps']
| 2,757,768
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['C26.200'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A05.360.444.661'], ['A10.850.710', 'E07.862.710']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
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Enhancing generalized teaching strategy use in daily routines by parents of children with autism.
|
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of facilitating generalized use of teaching strategies by parents of children with autism within daily routines.METHOD: Five preschool children with autism participated in intervention with a parent within daily routines in the family's home. Parents learned to include 2 teaching strategies in target routines to address their child's communication objectives. Parent-child interactions in routines were videotaped for data coding and analysis. Proactive programming of generalization occurred by systematic selection of intervention routines and by embedding intervention in multiple routines. Generalization data were collected by measuring strategy use in untrained routines. A multiple baseline design across teaching strategies was used to assess experimental effects.RESULTS: All parents demonstrated proficient use of teaching strategies and generalized their use across routines. The intervention had positive effects on child communication outcomes. All parents perceived the intervention to be beneficial.CONCLUSION: Results from this study add to the limited body of evidence supporting parent-implemented interventions in natural environments with young children with autism spectrum disorder. Additional research that replicates this approach with children of varying ages and disabilities and families with diverse characteristics is needed to support the generality of these findings.
|
['Activities of Daily Living', 'Autistic Disorder', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Language Therapy', 'Male', 'Parents', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Speech Production Measurement', 'Teaching', 'Videotape Recording']
| 16,787,891
|
[['E02.760.169.063.500.067', 'E02.831.067', 'I03.050', 'N02.421.784.110'], ['F03.625.164.113.500'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.760.169.063.500.727.344', 'E02.831.727.344'], ['F01.829.263.500.320', 'I01.880.853.150.500.340', 'M01.620'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['E01.370.760'], ['I02.903'], ['J01.897.280.500.846.734', 'J01.897.280.500.898.840', 'L01.178.590.875.840', 'L01.178.820.090.846.734', 'L01.178.820.090.898.840', 'L01.280.940.840', 'L01.280.960.880']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Detoxication disturbances and uncoupling effects in vitro of some chlorinated guaiacols, catechols and benzoquinones.
|
The effects of chlorinated guaiacols, catechols and benzoquinones - earlier identified in discharges from pulp and paper mills -- on oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria and on detoxication mechanisms in microsomes have been investigated. The same biological systems have been used in testing outgoing water from a sulphite plant. Trichlorocatechol and tetrachlorocatechol and the corresponding guaiacols increase N oxygenation of N,N-dimethylaniline, while C-oxygenation decreases, indicating disturbances in microsomal detoxication. The substances tested have in general an uncoupling effect on mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. However, tetrachloroguaiacol seems to differ in having a specific effect on the succinate dehydrogenase part of the respiratory chain. Extracts from waste water from a sulphite plant have a considerable effect on the mitochondrial system such as to produce an increase in basal respiration and a loss of respiratory control. N- and C-oxygenation and phosphorylation have been extensively used in this and other laboratories for evaluating the toxicity of chemicals. The application on water extract described here is rapid and easily handled and thus provides a valuable complement to other water quality tests.
|
['Animals', 'Catechols', 'Chloranil', 'Glutamates', 'Guaiacol', 'Inactivation, Metabolic', 'Malates', 'Male', 'Microsomes, Liver', 'Mitochondria, Liver', 'Oxygen Consumption', 'Quinones', 'Rats', 'Uncoupling Agents', 'Water Pollutants', 'Water Pollutants, Chemical']
| 7,428,119
|
[['B01.050'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.657.166'], ['D02.806.250.210'], ['D12.125.067.625', 'D12.125.119.409'], ['D02.355.601.536', 'D02.355.726.453', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.453', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.654.453'], ['G03.171.450', 'G03.787.225.450', 'G07.690.725.225.450'], ['D02.241.081.337.463', 'D02.241.511.505'], ['A11.284.835.540.541'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.564.461', 'A11.284.835.626.461'], ['G03.680'], ['D02.806'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['D27.505.519.389.936'], ['D27.888.284.903'], ['D27.888.284.903.655']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
An analysis of current source density profiles activated by local stimulation in the mouse auditory cortex in vitro.
|
To examine local network properties of the mouse auditory cortex in vitro, we recorded extracellular spatiotemporal laminar profiles driven by short electric local stimulation on a planar multielectrode array substrate. The recorded local field potentials were subsequently evaluated using current source density (CSD) analysis to identify sources and sinks. Current sinks are thought to be an indicator of net synaptic current in the small volume of cortex surrounding the recording site. Thus, CSD analysis combined with multielectrode arrays enabled us to compare mean synaptic activity in response to small current stimuli on a layer-by-layer basis. We also used senescence-accelerated mice (SAM), some strains of which show earlier onset of age-related hearing loss, to examine the characteristic spatiotemporal CSD profiles stimulated by electrodes in specific cortical layers. Thus, the CSD patterns were classified into several clusters based on stimulation sites in the cortical layers. We also found some differences in CSD patterns between the two SAM strains in terms of aging according to principle component analysis with dimension reduction. For simultaneous two-site stimulation, we modeled the obtained CSD profiles as a linear superposition of the CSD profiles to individual single-site stimulation. The model analysis indicated the nonlinearity of spatiotemporal integration over stimulus-driven activity in a layer-specific manner. Finally, on the basis of these results, we discuss the auditory cortex local network properties and the effects of aging on these mouse strains.
|
['Aging', 'Animals', 'Auditory Cortex', 'Cluster Analysis', 'Electric Stimulation', 'Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem', 'Linear Models', 'Male', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Mice, Mutant Strains', 'Microelectrodes', 'Principal Component Analysis', 'Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted', 'Tissue Culture Techniques']
| 28,119,054
|
[['G07.345.124'], ['B01.050'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.814.249', 'A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.863.297'], ['E05.318.740.250', 'N05.715.360.750.200', 'N06.850.520.830.250'], ['E05.723.402'], ['G07.265.216.500.370.300', 'G07.888.250.300', 'G11.561.200.500.370.300'], ['E05.318.740.500.500', 'E05.318.740.750.425', 'E05.599.835.750', 'N05.715.360.750.530.460', 'N05.715.360.750.695.460', 'N06.850.520.830.500.500', 'N06.850.520.830.750.425'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550'], ['E07.305.250.500'], ['E05.318.740.562'], ['L01.224.800'], ['E05.481.500.617']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Berchemiosides A-C, 2-Acetoxy-ù-phenylpentaene Fatty Acid Triglycosides from the Unripe Fruits of Berchemia berchemiifolia.
|
Three compounds in a new class of 2-acetoxy-ù-phenylpentaene fatty acid triglycosides, berchemiosides A-C (1-3), and a biosynthetically related phenolic glycoside (4) were isolated from the unripe fruits of Berchemia berchemiifolia, along with three flavonoid 5-O-diglycosides (5-7) and three known flavonoids (8-10). Their chemical structures including absolute configurations were determined by spectroscopic analysis in combination with chemical derivatization. The pentaene group of 1 was found to have (6E,8E,10Z,12Z,14E)-geometry, whereas those of 2 and 3 exhibited all-E geometries. The isolated compounds were examined for their cytotoxicity and xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitory activity; only compound 7 showed weak XO inhibitory activity.
|
['Fatty Acids, Unsaturated', 'Flavonoids', 'Fruit', 'Glycosides', 'Molecular Structure', 'Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular', 'Rhamnaceae', 'Stereoisomerism', 'Structure-Activity Relationship', 'Xanthine Oxidase']
| 28,972,762
|
[['D10.251.355'], ['D03.383.663.283.266.450', 'D03.633.100.150.266.450'], ['A18.024.500', 'G07.203.300.562', 'J02.500.562'], ['D09.408'], ['G02.111.570', 'G02.466'], ['E05.196.867.519.550'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.859.937.437'], ['G02.607.445.682'], ['G02.111.830', 'G07.690.773.997'], ['D08.811.682.047.928']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Endocardial irregularities of the left atrial roof as seen on coronary CT angiography.
|
OBJECTIVE: To describe and characterize morphological characteristics of endocardial irregularities in the roof of the left atrium as seen on coronary CT angiography.METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated the left atrium in 50 consecutive coronary CT patients with multiplanar reformatting, volume rendering, and virtual endoscopy.RESULTS: Twenty-one of the 50 patients had an endocardial irregularity at the roof of the left atrium. The most common finding (n = 14) was a smooth diverticulum, arising near the venoatrial junction of the right superior pulmonary vein.CONCLUSION: Endocardial irregularities of the left atrium can be identified on coronary CT and may be more common than previously considered. The findings probably represent remnants of the cardinal venous system during embryological development. Further work should focus on the true prevalence and potential clinical significance.
|
['Coronary Angiography', 'Diverticulum', 'Female', 'Heart Atria', 'Humans', 'Image Processing, Computer-Assisted', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed']
| 18,463,987
|
[['E01.370.350.130.625', 'E01.370.350.700.060.200', 'E01.370.370.050.200', 'E01.370.370.380.200'], ['C06.405.205.282.750', 'C23.300.415'], ['A07.541.358'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.224.308'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Human tissue factor pathway inhibitor-2 is internalized by cells and translocated to the nucleus by the importin system.
|
Tissue factor pathway inhibitor-2 (TFPI-2) is a serine proteinase inhibitor that induces caspase-mediated apoptosis when offered to a variety of tumor cells. In order to investigate the mechanism of TFPI-2-induced apoptosis, we initially studied the uptake and trafficking of TFPI-2 by HT-1080 cells. Exogenously offered TFPI-2 was rapidly internalized and distributed in both the cytosolic and nuclear fractions. Nuclear localization of TFPI-2 was also detected in a variety of endothelial cells constitutively expressing TFPI-2. Nuclear localization of TFPI-2 required a NLS sequence located in its Lys/Arg-rich C-terminal tail comprising residues 191-211, as a TFPI-2 construct lacking the C-terminal tail failed to localize to the nucleus. Complexes of TFPI-2 and importin-alpha were co-immunoprecipitated from cell lysates of HT-1080 cells either offered or overexpressing this protein, providing evidence that TFPI-2 was shuttled to the nucleus by the importin system. Our results provide the initial description of TFPI-2 internalization and translocation to the nucleus in a number of cells.
|
['Aorta', 'Apoptosis', 'Capillaries', 'Cell Line', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Cell Nucleus', 'Endothelium, Vascular', 'Fibrosarcoma', 'Glycoproteins', 'Humans', 'Karyopherins', 'Kidney', 'Kinetics', 'Microscopy, Confocal', 'Plasmids', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Recombinant Proteins', 'Skin', 'Transfection']
| 19,103,149
|
[['A07.015.114.056'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['A07.015.461.165'], ['A11.251.210'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['A11.284.430.106', 'A11.284.430.214.190.875.117'], ['A07.015.700.500', 'A10.272.491.355'], ['C04.557.450.565.590.350', 'C04.557.450.795.350'], ['D09.400.430', 'D12.776.395'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.157.530.750.500', 'D12.776.543.585.750.500', 'D12.776.660.502'], ['A05.810.453'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['E01.370.350.515.395', 'E05.595.395'], ['G05.360.600'], ['E05.393.620.500'], ['D12.776.828'], ['A17.815'], ['E05.393.350.810', 'G05.728.860']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
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| 0
| 1
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| 0
|
Auditory evoked potentials in postconcussive syndrome.
|
The neuropsychiatric sequelae of minor head trauma have been the source of controversy. Most clinical and imaging studies have shown no alteration after concussion, but neuropsychological and neuropathological abnormalities have been reported. Some changes in neurophysiologic diagnostic tests have been described in postconcussive syndrome. We recorded middle latency auditory evoked potentials (MLR) and slow vertex responses (SVR) in 20 individuals with prolonged cognitive difficulties, behavior changes, dizziness, and headache after concussion. MLR is utilized alternating polarity clicks presented monaurally at 70 dB SL at 4 per second, with 40 dB contralateral masking. Five hundred responses were recorded and replicated from Cz-A1 and Cz-A2, with 50 ms. analysis time and 20-1000 Hz filter band pass. SVRs were recorded with the same montage, but used rarefaction clicks, 0.5 Hz stimulus rate, 500 ms. analysis time, and 1-50 Hz filter band pass. Na and Pa MLR components were reduced in amplitude in postconcussion patients. Pa latency was significantly longer in patients than in controls. SVR amplitudes were longer in concussed individuals, but differences in latency and amplitude were not significant. These changes may reflect posttraumatic disturbance in presumed subcortical MLR generators, or in frontal or temporal cortical structures that modulate them. Middle and long-latency auditory evoked potentials may be helpful in the evaluation of postconcussive neuropsychiatric symptoms.
|
['Adult', 'Brain Concussion', 'Evoked Potentials, Auditory', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Reaction Time']
| 8,985,672
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['C10.228.140.199.444.250', 'C10.900.300.087.235.250', 'C10.900.300.350.300', 'C26.915.300.200.194.250', 'C26.915.300.450.500', 'C26.974.382.200'], ['G07.265.216.500.370', 'G07.888.250', 'G11.561.200.500.370'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.796.817', 'F02.830.650', 'F04.669.817', 'G11.561.677']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Student coping strategies and perceptions of fieldwork.
|
A questionnaire, the revised Ways of Coping Checklist, was sent to all professional (entry-level) graduate students in the United States in one academic year during their second fieldwork level II experience to determine what coping strategies they used during their fieldwork experience. Information was also gathered regarding their perceptions of this clinical experience. Responses from 101 students showed that they used Problem-Focused and Seeks Social Support strategies more than Wishful Thinking, Blamed Self, or Avoidance strategies. More than half of the students found the experience to be stressful, and almost all agreed that it was important. Most agreed that they had control over their present circumstances in the fieldwork experience.
|
['Adaptation, Psychological', 'Adult', 'Education, Graduate', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Internship, Nonmedical', 'Male', 'Occupational Therapy', 'Problem Solving', 'Social Support', 'Speech Therapy', 'Students']
| 8,506,935
|
[['F01.058'], ['M01.060.116'], ['I02.358.337'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['I02.358.750'], ['E02.760.169.063.500.489', 'E02.831.489', 'H02.010.500'], ['F02.463.425.725', 'F02.463.785.810'], ['I01.880.853.500.600'], ['E02.760.169.063.500.727.552', 'E02.831.727.552'], ['M01.848']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Interactive effects of water limitation and elevated temperature on the physiology, development and fitness of diverse accessions of Brachypodium distachyon.
|
An enduring question in plant physiology and evolution is how single genotypes of plants optimize performance in diverse, often highly variable, environments. We grew 35 natural accessions of the grass Brachypodium distachyon in four environments in the glasshouse, contrasting soil water deficit, elevated temperature and their interaction. We modeled treatment, genotype and interactive effects on leaf-level and whole-plant traits, including fecundity. We also assessed the relationship between glasshouse-measured traits and parameters related to climate at the place of origin. We found abundant genetic variation in both constitutive and induced traits related to plant-water relations. Most traits showed strong interaction between temperature and water availability, and we observed genotype-by-environment interaction for several traits. Notably, leaf free proline abundance showed a strong effect of genotype ? temperature ? water. We found strong associations between phenology, biomass and water use efficiency (WUE) with parameters describing climate of origin. Plants respond to multiple stressors in ways not directly predictable from single stressors, underscoring the complex and trait-specific mechanisms of environmental response. Climate-trait correlations support a role for WUE and phenology in local adaptation to climate in B. distachyon.
|
['Biodiversity', 'Brachypodium', 'Climate', 'Genotype', 'Inheritance Patterns', 'Models, Biological', 'Quantitative Trait, Heritable', 'Soil', 'Temperature', 'Water']
| 27,864,966
|
[['G16.500.275.157.049', 'N06.230.124.049'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.822.072'], ['G16.500.275.071', 'N06.230.300.100.250'], ['G05.380'], ['G05.420'], ['E05.599.395'], ['G05.420.720'], ['D20.721', 'G01.311.820', 'G16.500.275.815', 'N06.230.600'], ['G01.906.595', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710', 'G16.500.750.775.710', 'N06.230.150.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710'], ['D01.045.250.875', 'D01.248.497.158.459.650', 'D01.650.550.925']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Perceptions of the value of hospital residency and clinical medicine in dental education.
|
A survey of the outlook of 81 participating dental undergraduates concerning the value of a general hospital residency programme has been compared with the perceptions of 240 graduate health professionals (dental and medical practitioners, registered nurses and others). There is convincing statistical evidence of pan-professional support for such a general hospital residency. Better medical preparation of the dental student prior to residency is strongly favoured. Closer links between medicine and dentistry are inevitable as well as being essential for both professions and the community.
|
['Curriculum', 'Education, Dental', 'Education, Medical', 'Humans', 'Internship and Residency', 'Interprofessional Relations', 'New South Wales', 'Surveys and Questionnaires']
| 2,775,022
|
[['I02.158'], ['I02.358.274'], ['I02.358.399'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['I02.358.337.350.500', 'I02.358.399.350.750'], ['F01.829.401.205'], ['Z01.639.100.750', 'Z01.678.100.373.750'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980']]
|
['Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Radiographic analysis of deep cervical abscesses.
|
Correlation of the radiographic examination and the clinical evaluation of deep cervical abscesses contributes to the surgical program for exposure and drainage. The deep cervical spaces are analyzed with reference to local anatomy, sources of infection, potential for lateral and vertical extension, and identification of regional expansion by standard and computed tomography. Guidelines and recommendations are proposed for clinical application and supported by illustrative cases.
|
['Abscess', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Child', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neck', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed']
| 1,416,641
|
[['C01.830.025', 'C23.550.470.756.100'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['M01.060.406'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['A01.598'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Notes on a nodular disease of the intestine of the open-billed stork--(Anastomus oscitans) caused by Chaunouephalus ferox.
|
An account is given of the pathology of open-billed storks, Anastomus oscitans, suggested that the parasitic trematodes host. of nodular lesions in the small intestine caused by Chaunocephalus ferox. It is lead an entirely histiozoic life in this
|
['Animals', 'Animals, Zoo', 'Bird Diseases', 'Birds', 'Female', 'Intestines', 'Male', 'Trematoda', 'Trematode Infections']
| 16,509,132
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.050.448'], ['C22.131'], ['B01.050.150.900.248'], ['A03.556.124'], ['B01.050.500.500.736.715'], ['C01.610.335.865']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Restorative considerations in the dental treatment of the older patient.
|
The older person and his or her dentition will have a clinical presentation and a reaction to treatment that is influenced by his or her unique blend of aging and disease processes. Changes seen in enamel, dentin, pulp, and cementum of the older patient are described in terms of their causes and the impacts of the changes on clinical presentation and treatment choices.
|
['Acid Etching, Dental', 'Aged', 'Aging', 'Chronic Disease', 'Dental Bonding', 'Dental Care for Aged', 'Dental Cementum', 'Dental Enamel', 'Dental Pulp', 'Dental Restoration, Permanent', 'Dentin', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Patient Care Planning', 'Stress, Physiological', 'Tooth Diseases']
| 11,199,635
|
[['E06.931.475.111'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['G07.345.124'], ['C23.550.291.500'], ['E06.095'], ['E06.170.100', 'N02.421.240.190.210'], ['A14.549.167.646.267', 'A14.549.167.900.250'], ['A14.549.167.900.255'], ['A14.549.167.900.260'], ['E06.323.428', 'E06.780.346.737', 'E07.695.190.190'], ['A14.549.167.900.280'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N04.590.233.624'], ['G07.775'], ['C07.793']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Steroid regulation of somatostatin mRNA in the rat hypothalamus.
|
The participation of gonadal steroid hormones in the regulation of the expression of the somatostatin gene in the hypothalamus and cerebral cortex was studied by using a quantitative densitometric hybridization assay which allows the direct measurement of specific somatostatin mRNA levels. The levels of somatostatin mRNA in hypothalamus were found to be significantly decreased following gonadectomy in both male and female rats (67% in males and 75% in females). Moreover, with in situ hybridization histochemistry somatostatin mRNA was similarly reduced following gonadectomy in the dorsal portion of the periventricular region and in the ventromedial nucleus. Estradiol dibenzoate treatment reversed the decrease in somatostatin mRNA in females within 24 h and testosterone treatment reversed the decrease in castrated males. In contrast, there was no significant change in cerebral cortex somatostatin mRNA levels after gonadectomy. These results suggest that sex steroids are involved in the regulation of the somatostatin gene in the hypothalamus, possibly at the transcriptional level.
|
['Animals', 'Female', 'Gonadal Steroid Hormones', 'Hypothalamus', 'Male', 'Nucleic Acid Hybridization', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Strains', 'Somatostatin']
| 2,897,361
|
[['B01.050'], ['D06.472.334.851'], ['A08.186.211.180.497', 'A08.186.211.200.317.357'], ['E05.393.661', 'G02.111.611'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400'], ['D06.472.699.327.700.875', 'D06.472.699.587.780', 'D12.644.400.400.700.875', 'D12.644.548.365.700.875', 'D12.644.548.586.780', 'D12.776.631.650.405.700.875']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Is tensegrity a unifying concept of protein folds?
|
We suggest that the three-dimensional architecture of globular proteins can be described in terms of tensegrets, i.e. structural elements that are held together through attractive and repulsive forces. Hard elements of tensegrets are represented by secondary structure elements, i.e. alpha-helices and beta-strands, while the role of elastic elements is played by attractive and repulsive atomic forces. Characteristics of tensegrets is that they can auto-assemble and that they respond to changes of tension in some part of the entire object through a deformation in another part, thus partially preserving their structure, despite their deformation. This latter property well explains both the folding process and the behavior of globular proteins under mild denaturing conditions, as revealed by the molten globule state.
|
['Fullerenes', 'Models, Molecular', 'Myoglobin', 'Protein Folding']
| 12,527,354
|
[['D01.268.150.250', 'J01.637.512.600.612.350'], ['E05.599.595'], ['D12.776.210.500.588', 'D12.776.422.316.940'], ['G01.154.651', 'G02.111.688']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Inhibition of DNA polymerase alpha by gossypol.
|
Our earlier studies have shown that gossypol is a specific inhibitor of DNA synthesis in cultured cells at low doses. In an attempt to determine the mechanism for the inhibition of DNA synthesis by gossypol we observed that gossypol does not interact with DNA per se but may affect some of the enzymes involved in DNA replication. These studies indicated that gossypol inhibits both in vivo and in vitro the activity of DNA polymerase alpha (EC 2.7.7.7), a major enzyme involved in DNA replication, in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Kinetic analysis revealed that gossypol acts as a noncompetitive inhibitor of DNA polymerase alpha with respect to all four deoxynucleotide triphosphates and to the activated DNA template. Inhibition of DNA polymerase alpha does not appear to be due to either metal chelation or reduction of sulfhydryl groups on the enzyme. Gossypol also inhibited HeLa DNA polymerase beta in a dose-dependent manner, but had no effect on DNA polymerase gamma. These results suggest that inhibition of DNA polymerase alpha may account in part for the inhibition of DNA synthesis and the S-phase block caused by gossypol. The data also raise the possibility that gossypol may interfere with DNA repair processes as well.
|
['DNA Polymerase I', 'DNA Polymerase II', 'DNA Polymerase III', 'Dithiothreitol', 'Ferrous Compounds', 'Free Radicals', 'Gossypol', 'Humans', 'Kinetics', 'Thymidine', 'Tritium']
| 3,697,356
|
[['D08.811.913.696.445.308.300.225'], ['D08.811.913.696.445.308.300.230'], ['D08.811.913.696.445.308.300.235'], ['D02.033.800.196', 'D02.886.740.224', 'D09.853.196'], ['D01.490.200'], ['D01.339', 'D02.389'], ['D02.455.849.765.444'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['D03.383.742.680.705', 'D13.570.230.855', 'D13.570.685.705'], ['D01.268.406.875', 'D01.362.340.875', 'D01.496.749.925']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Induction of hepatic microsomal drug-metabolizing enzymes by inhibitors of 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO): studies in rats and 5-LO knockout mice.
|
The effect of 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) inhibitors on the hepatic microsomal mixed-function oxidase (MFO) system of rodents was investigated. After establishing the relative in vitro and in vivo potencies of the 3 test compounds, male Crl:CD (SD) BR rats received CJ-11,802 (0, 10, 50, or 200 mg/kg/day), zileuton (0, 10, 60, or 300 mg/kg/day) or ZD2138 (0 or 200 mg/kg/day) once daily by oral gavage for 14 (zileuton and ZD2138) or 30 (CJ-11,802) consecutive days. Controls were given an equivalent volume of 0.5% methylcellulose vehicle. At necropsy, all livers were weighed, and sections from representative animals (control and highest dose for each compound) were utilized to prepare hepatic microsomal fractions, which were assayed for cytochrome P-450 (CYP) content and the activities of cytochrome c reductase (CRed), para-nitroanisole O-demethylase (p-NOD), ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD), and pentoxyresorufin O-dealkylase (PROD). A dose-related increase in liver weight occurred in rats given CJ-11,802 and zileuton, while animals administered ZD2138 were unaffected. Rats given CJ-11,802 (200 mg/kg/day) and zileuton (300 mg/kg/day) had increases in CYP, EROD, PROD, CRed and p-NOD compared to corresponding controls, while only the latter two activities were elevated in animals administered ZD2138. To determine if induction of the hepatic microsomal MFO system was related to 5-LO inhibition, male DBA wild-type and 5-LO knockout mice were administered either CJ-11,802 (200 mg/kg/day) or vehicle by oral gavage for 14 consecutive days. At necropsy, liver weight, CYP content, and CRed activity were measured and all were increased similarly in the treated wild-type and knockout mice compared to corresponding controls, indicating that induction was not related to inhibiting 5-LO.
|
['Animals', 'Arachidonate 5-Lipoxygenase', 'Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Enzyme Induction', 'Hydroxyurea', 'Lipoxygenase Inhibitors', 'Liver', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred DBA', 'Mice, Knockout', 'Microsomes, Liver', 'NADH Dehydrogenase', 'Organ Size', 'Pyrans', 'Quinolones', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley']
| 11,509,739
|
[['B01.050'], ['D08.811.682.690.416.583.500.055', 'D12.776.556.579.374.568.500.020'], ['D08.244.453', 'D08.811.682.690.708.170', 'D12.776.422.220.453'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['G05.308.320.200'], ['D02.065.950.395'], ['D27.505.519.389.480'], ['A03.620'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.500'], ['B01.050.050.136.500.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.455', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800.500'], ['A11.284.835.540.541'], ['D08.811.682.608.504.500', 'D12.776.157.427.374.375.863.500', 'D12.776.331.887', 'D12.776.556.579.374.375.140.500'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.660', 'E05.041.124.715', 'G07.100.100.660', 'G07.345.249.690'], ['D03.383.663'], ['D03.633.100.810.835'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Is a two-week trial of oral prednisolone predictive of target lung function in pediatric asthma?
|
We used a 2-week trial of prednisolone to determine "target" lung function for subsequent asthma therapy. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether some children exceed their "target" forced expired volume in 1 sec (FEV1) on subsequent visits in the following year, and whether this is associated with particular clinical or pathological features. Children (aged 6-16 years) with difficult asthma underwent spirometry and exhaled nitric oxide (FE(NO)) measurements before and after 2 weeks of prednisolone 40 mg/day. At the end of the course, subepithelial eosinophils and reticular basement membrane thickness were assessed. The highest FEV1 obtained in a 1-year follow-up was compared with the poststeroid postbronchodilator ("target") FEV1. Four of 22 children (18%) demonstrated an increase of > 9% above their "target" FEV1 during follow-up. None of these children had been prescribed additional asthma medications. Three of 7 children with persistent airflow limitation (PAL; poststeroid postbronchodilator FEV1 < 80% predicted) recorded an FEV1 > 80% predicted during follow-up. The median (interquartile range) number of subepithelial eosinophils was significantly higher in children who exceeded their target FEV1 than in children who did not (12.4 (8.5-39.9) vs. 1.4 (0.0-4.8) cells/mm2, P = 0.018). In conclusion, a 2-week course of prednisolone is not necessarily predictive of "target" lung function. Definitions such as PAL should be regularly reviewed on individual basis.
|
['Adolescent', 'Anti-Inflammatory Agents', 'Asthma', 'Basement Membrane', 'Child', 'Drug Administration Schedule', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Lung', 'Male', 'Prednisolone', 'Respiratory Function Tests', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 15,765,544
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['D27.505.954.158'], ['C08.127.108', 'C08.381.495.108', 'C08.674.095', 'C20.543.480.680.095'], ['A10.272.220', 'A10.615.179'], ['M01.060.406'], ['E02.319.283'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A04.411'], ['D04.210.500.745.432.769.795'], ['E01.370.386.700'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
A simple and defined method to study calcification by isolated matrix vesicles. Effect of ATP and vesicle phosphatase.
|
A simplified and defined system was developed to study in vitro calcium phosphate deposition by isolated matrix vesicles from rabbit growth plate cartilage, and to examine the relationship between vesicle phosphatase and calcium deposition. Samples of suspended vesicles containing 25 microgram of protein, were incubated for 2 h in a 45Ca-labelled solution with 2.2 mM Ca2+, 1.6 mM PO 3/4-and 1 mM ATP at pH 7.6. Calcium deposition was related to the amount of PO4 hydrolysed by matrix vesicle phosphatases from ATP and other phosphate esters. Ca2+ or Mg2+ was found to stimulate matrix vesicle ATPase, but the hydrolysis of phosphoenolpyruvate, glucose 1-phosphate, beta-glycerol phosphate and AMP was independent of either cation. All of the above substrates supported calcium deposition. 1 mM ATP was more effective than 5 mM in supporting calcium deposition, indicating inhibition of mineralization at higher ATP concentrations. Our results suggest that, in addition to concentrating calcium, vesicles provide phosphate from ATP for mineral formation and at the same time remove the inhibitory effect of ATP upon mineral deposition.
|
['Adenine Nucleotides', 'Adenosine Triphosphatases', 'Adenosine Triphosphate', 'Animals', 'Bone Matrix', 'Calcification, Physiologic', 'Calcium', 'Hot Temperature', 'Magnesium', 'Phosphates', 'Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases', 'Potassium', 'Rabbits', 'Sodium']
| 200,279
|
[['D03.633.100.759.646.138', 'D13.695.667.138', 'D13.695.827.068'], ['D08.811.277.040.025'], ['D03.633.100.759.646.138.236', 'D13.695.667.138.236', 'D13.695.827.068.236'], ['B01.050'], ['A10.165.265.166'], ['G07.345.155.500', 'G07.345.500.325.377.625.050.500.175', 'G11.427.578.050.500.175'], ['D01.268.552.100', 'D01.552.539.288', 'D23.119.100'], ['G01.906.595.543', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710.380', 'G16.500.750.775.710.380', 'N06.230.300.100.725.232', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710.380'], ['D01.268.552.437', 'D01.268.557.500', 'D01.552.547.500'], ['D01.029.260.700.675.374', 'D01.248.497.158.730', 'D01.695.625.675.650'], ['D08.811.277.352.650'], ['D01.268.549.550', 'D01.268.557.575', 'D01.552.528.652', 'D01.552.547.650'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.968.700'], ['D01.268.549.750', 'D01.268.557.650', 'D01.552.528.850', 'D01.552.547.725']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Pancreatic transplantation using the duct occlusion technique.
|
Since 1979, the Munich Group has gathered experience with 100 consecutive pancreas transplants using the duct occlusion technique. At the present time, 40 of the pancreas grafts (44%) and 56 of the renal grafts (65%) of 90 patients who received both a pancreas and a kidney are still functioning. The mortality rate of 18% in the early period was relatively high. In the period from 1984 until 1988--using the simple transplantation technique--only one patient died. During this period, our overall results improved with the use of a modified surgical technique and different immunosuppressive and anticoagulative measures along with better patient selection. Normalization of the glucose metabolism seems to improve the rate of late diabetic complications. The duct occlusion technique in isolated pancreas transplants might have been a disadvantage in accounting for the poor results. With regard to metabolic studies, there is now ample evidence to suggest that successful pancreatic transplantation leads to complete normalization of glucose metabolism including normoglycemia in more than 70% of all patients. In addition, clinical data are accumulating that suggest successful pancreatic transplantation has a beneficial effect on the late secondary syndrome of Type I diabetes mellitus.
|
['Cyclosporins', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1', 'Diabetic Neuropathies', 'Diabetic Retinopathy', 'Germany, West', 'Graft Survival', 'Humans', 'Insulin', 'Insulin Secretion', 'Kidney Transplantation', 'Pancreas', 'Pancreas Transplantation', 'Pancreatic Ducts', 'Phenylpropanolamine']
| 3,154,496
|
[['D04.345.566.235', 'D12.644.641.235'], ['C18.452.394.750.124', 'C19.246.267', 'C20.111.327'], ['C10.668.829.300', 'C19.246.099.937'], ['C11.768.257', 'C14.907.320.382', 'C19.246.099.500.382'], ['Z01.586.350'], ['G12.875.545.340'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D06.472.699.587.200.500.625', 'D12.644.548.586.200.500.625'], ['G03.442', 'G07.475'], ['E02.870.500', 'E04.936.450.485', 'E04.950.774.400'], ['A03.734'], ['E04.210.725', 'E04.936.450.650'], ['A03.734.667'], ['D02.033.100.624.706', 'D02.033.755.624.706', 'D02.092.063.624.706']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
|
The N-terminal portion of domain E of retinoic acid receptors alpha and beta is essential for the recognition of retinoic acid and various analogs.
|
Utilizing a strategy involving domain exchange between retinoic acid receptors alpha and beta (RAR alpha and RAR beta) and monitoring the transcriptional activity of the resulting chimeric receptors with receptor-selective retinoids, we identified a 70-aa region within the N-terminal portion of the RAR alpha and -beta domain E which is important for an RAR alpha- or RAR beta-specific response. Two amino acid residues within this region, serine-232 (S232) and threonine-239 (T239) in RAR alpha and the corresponding alanine-225 (A225) and isoleucine-232 (I232) in RAR beta, were found to be essential for this effect. In addition, binding studies using the chimeric receptors expressed in Escherichia coli showed that the N-terminal portion of domain E was also important for the characteristic binding profile of t-RA and various retinoids with RAR alpha or RAR beta. Structural predictions of the primary amino acid sequence in this region indicate the presence of an amphipathic helix-turn-helix structure with five hydrophobic amino acids that resemble a leucine zipper motif. The amino acid residues identified by domain swapping, S232 and T239 in RAR alpha and A225 and I232 in RAR beta, were found within the hydrophobic face of an alpha-helix in close proximity to this zipper motif, suggesting that the ligand may interact with the receptor in the region adjacent to a surface involved in protein-protein interactions. This finding may link ligand binding to other processes important for transcriptional activation.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Binding Sites', 'Cloning, Molecular', 'Consensus Sequence', 'Escherichia coli', 'HeLa Cells', 'Humans', 'Kinetics', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Protein Structure, Secondary', 'Receptors, Retinoic Acid', 'Recombinant Fusion Proteins', 'Retinoic Acid Receptor alpha', 'Sequence Homology, Amino Acid', 'Transcriptional Activation', 'Transfection', 'Tretinoin']
| 7,892,182
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['G02.111.570.120'], ['E05.393.220'], ['G02.111.570.580.175'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['A11.251.210.190.400', 'A11.251.860.180.400', 'A11.436.340'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['E05.393.620.500'], ['G02.111.570.820.709.600'], ['D12.776.826.701', 'D12.776.930.775'], ['D12.776.828.300'], ['D12.776.826.701.250', 'D12.776.930.775.250'], ['G02.111.810.200', 'G05.810.200'], ['G05.308.800'], ['E05.393.350.810', 'G05.728.860'], ['D02.455.326.271.665.202.495.818.500', 'D02.455.426.392.368.367.379.249.700.860.500', 'D02.455.849.131.495.818.800', 'D02.455.849.291.925.500', 'D23.767.261.700.780']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Promoter polymorphism MMP-1 (-1607 2G/1G) and MMP-3 (-1612 5A/6A) in development of HAND and modulation of pathogenesis of HAND.
|
The pathogenesis of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) is modulated by host genetic susceptibility factors such as Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Promoter polymorphism of MMP-1 and MMP-3 may modify the expression of the gene. Hence, we evaluated the association of MMP-1-16072G/1G and MMP-3-1612 5A/6A polymorphisms with development of HAND and the modulation of pathogenesis of HAND. We enrolled a total of 180 individuals, 50 HIVinfected individuals with HAND, 130 without HAND, and 150 healthy controls. Polymorphism of MMP-1 and MMP-3 were genotyped by PCR-RFLP. MMP-1-1607 2G1G, -16071G/2G-1G/1G genotypes and -1607 1G allele were associated with the development of HAND (OR = 1.64, P = 0.05; OR = 1.45, P = 0.04; OR = 1.69, P = 0.05). MMP-1- 16071G1G, MMP-3-16125A5A genotypes increased the risk for the development of HAND (OR = 1.78, P = 0.25; OR = 2.39, P = 0.13). MMP-3-1612 5A5A, -1612 6A/5A-5A/5A genotypes and -1612 5A allele were associated with the reduced risk of HAND (OR = 0.40, P = 0.05; OR = 0.53, P = 0.04; OR = 0.40, P = 0.01). Haplotype 5A1G increased the risk of development of HAND (OR = 1.93, P = 0.05). As observed in advanced HIV disease stage, MMP-1-1607 1G1G genotype enhance the risk for advancement of HIV disease (OR = 1.69, P = 0.89). MMP-3-1612 6A5A genotype showed higher risk for development of HAND in alcohol users (0R = 1.65, P = 0.44). MMP-1 genotype may have an influence on development of HAND whereas MMP3-1612 5A5A genotype may reduce risk for pathogenesis of HAND.
|
['AIDS Dementia Complex', 'Adult', 'Alleles', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Disease Progression', 'Female', 'Gene Expression', 'Gene Frequency', 'Genetic Predisposition to Disease', 'Haplotypes', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Matrix Metalloproteinase 1', 'Matrix Metalloproteinase 3', 'Middle Aged', 'Odds Ratio', 'Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide', 'Promoter Regions, Genetic', 'Risk']
| 29,358,561
|
[['C01.221.250.875.049', 'C01.221.812.640.400.070', 'C01.778.640.400.070', 'C01.925.782.815.616.400.049', 'C01.925.813.400.070', 'C10.228.140.380.070', 'C20.673.480.070', 'F03.615.400.050'], ['M01.060.116'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.030'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['C23.550.291.656'], ['G05.297'], ['G05.330'], ['C23.550.291.687.500', 'G05.380.355'], ['G05.380.360'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.480.205.351', 'D08.811.277.656.300.480.525.700.100', 'D08.811.277.656.675.374.205.351', 'D08.811.277.656.675.374.525.700.100', 'D12.644.276.848.100', 'D12.776.467.836.100'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.480.525.700.200', 'D08.811.277.656.675.374.525.700.200', 'D12.644.276.848.200', 'D12.776.467.836.200'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.740.600.600', 'G17.680.500', 'N05.715.360.750.625.590', 'N06.850.520.830.600.600'], ['G05.365.795.598'], ['G02.111.570.080.689.675', 'G05.360.080.689.675', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.750.680'], ['E05.318.740.600.800', 'G17.680.750', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
[Adjuvant regional arterial port chemotherapy after resection of colorectal liver metastases].
|
Between 1986 and 1995 we performed radical hepatic resections (R0 resections) in 109 patients with hepatic metastases following colorectal carcinoma. In 50 patients a hepatic arterial port device was implanted for adjuvant regional chemotherapy (HAI). Mitomycin C, 5-fluorouracil, and since 1993 folinic acid have been administered during 6 monthly repeated courses. In 9 patients, the treatment had to be withdrawn because of complications. The remaining 59 patients were not treated. In 73% of the patients after port implantation mostly minor complications occurred during chemotherapy. Our results confirmed a markedly increased survival rate during the first 3 postoperative years, followed by a prolongation of median survival time of treated patients compared to untreated patients. Nevertheless, the observed differences of median survival were not statistically different. In contrast, the 5-year survival rates of both groups were not different. The frequency, localization, and resectability of recurrences were not influenced by adjuvant chemotherapy. However, the lengthening of mean survival time in the treated group might reflect a delay in the occurrence of early recurrences. In conclusion, adjuvant hepatic arterial chemotherapy following resection of colorectal hepatic metastases might be able to prolong the time until recurrence, but does not help to avoiding it. Therefore, it did not increase the rate of cure following R0 resections of colorectal hepatic metastases in our series. Taking into account the high rate of local complications of the port systems in our series, angiographic controls are strongly recommended prior to each chemotherapeutic cycle.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols', 'Catheters, Indwelling', 'Chemotherapy, Adjuvant', 'Colorectal Neoplasms', 'Combined Modality Therapy', 'Female', 'Fluorouracil', 'Humans', 'Infusions, Intra-Arterial', 'Leucovorin', 'Liver Neoplasms', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Mitomycin', 'Survival Rate', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 9,738,219
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['E02.183.750.500', 'E02.319.077.500', 'E02.319.310.037'], ['E07.132.500'], ['E02.186.170', 'E02.319.170'], ['C04.588.274.476.411.307', 'C06.301.371.411.307', 'C06.405.249.411.307', 'C06.405.469.158.356', 'C06.405.469.491.307', 'C06.405.469.860.180'], ['E02.186'], ['D03.383.742.698.875.404'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.319.267.510.520'], ['D03.633.100.733.631.400.800.350.450', 'D08.211.840.300.500'], ['C04.588.274.623', 'C06.301.623', 'C06.552.697'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D02.806.400.249.350', 'D03.383.097.500.350', 'D03.633.100.473.412.249.350'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.900', 'N01.224.935.698.826', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.900', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.900'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Bacterial consortium proteomics under 4-chlorosalicylate carbon-limiting conditions.
|
In this study, the stable consortium composed by Pseudomonas reinekei strain MT1 and Achromobacter xylosoxidans strain MT3 (cell numbers in proportion 9:1) was under investigation to reveal bacterial interactions that take place under severe nutrient-limiting conditions. The analysis of steady states in continuous cultures was carried out at the proteome, metabolic profile, and population dynamic levels. Carbon-limiting studies showed a higher metabolic versatility in the community through upregulation of parallel catabolic enzymes (salicylate 5-hydroxylase and 17-fold on 2-keto-4-pentenoate hydratase) indicating a possible alternative carbon routing in the upper degradation pathway highlighting the effect of minor proportions of strain MT3 over the major consortia component strain MT1 with a significant change in the expression levels of the enzymes of the mainly induced biodegradation pathway such as salicylate 1-hydroxylase and catechol 1,2-dioxygenase together with important changes in the outer membrane composition of P. reinekei MT1 under different culture conditions. The study has demonstrated the importance of the outer membrane as a sensing/response protective barrier caused by interspecies interactions highlighting the role of the major outer membrane proteins OprF and porin D in P. reinekei sp. MT1 under the culture conditions tested.
|
['Achromobacter denitrificans', 'Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins', 'Bacterial Proteins', 'Catechol 1,2-Dioxygenase', 'Hydrolases', 'Ketol-Acid Reductoisomerase', 'Metabolic Networks and Pathways', 'Metabolome', 'Mixed Function Oxygenases', 'Oxidative Stress', 'Peptide Elongation Factors', 'Proteome', 'Pseudomonas', 'Salicylates', 'Species Specificity', 'Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization']
| 19,382,143
|
[['B03.440.400.425.115.030.120', 'B03.660.075.090.344.030.120'], ['D12.776.097.120', 'D12.776.543.100'], ['D12.776.097'], ['D08.811.682.690.416.277'], ['D08.811.277'], ['D08.811.682.047.820.487'], ['G03.493'], ['G03.500'], ['D08.811.682.690.708'], ['G03.673', 'G07.775.750'], ['D12.776.835.700'], ['D12.776.817'], ['B03.440.400.425.625.625', 'B03.660.250.580.590'], ['D02.241.223.100.300.595', 'D02.241.511.390.595', 'D02.455.426.559.389.127.281.595', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.410.595'], ['G16.824'], ['E05.196.566.755']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Chromium and atherosclerosis].
|
The authors report numerous experimental and clinical studies relating deficiency of chromium in the organism and atherosclerosis. They hope new researches to compute the pool of chromium in the organism and the validity and possibility to utilize this oligoelement in prevention of atherosclerosis.
|
['Animals', 'Arteriosclerosis', 'Chromium', 'Humans', 'Insulin', 'Lipids']
| 3,537,981
|
[['B01.050'], ['C14.907.137.126'], ['D01.268.556.175', 'D01.268.956.124', 'D01.552.544.175'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D06.472.699.587.200.500.625', 'D12.644.548.586.200.500.625'], ['D10']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Results of facial nerve decompression.
|
To evaluate the benefit of facial nerve decompression for Bell's palsy and Hunt's syndrome, prognoses of patients who underwent surgery were compared with those of patients treated conservatively. Facial nerve decompression was slightly effective only in the Bell's palsy patients having 95-100% maximal nerve degeneration, when it was performed at a very early stage of the palsy. No significant difference in the incidence of sequelae was observed between surgically and conservatively treated groups. In Hunt's syndrome, the prognosis for the surgical group was poorer than that of the conservatively treated group.
|
['Electrodiagnosis', 'Facial Muscles', 'Facial Nerve', 'Facial Paralysis', 'Humans', 'Movement', 'Myoclonic Cerebellar Dyssynergia', 'Nerve Degeneration', 'Prognosis']
| 3,166,576
|
[['E01.370.405'], ['A02.633.567.400', 'A14.363'], ['A08.800.050.050.275', 'A08.800.050.600.149', 'A08.800.800.060.275', 'A08.800.800.120.250'], ['C07.465.327', 'C10.597.622.214', 'C23.888.592.636.214'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G07.568', 'G11.427.410'], ['C10.228.140.252.700.250', 'C10.228.854.787.500', 'C10.574.500.825.250', 'C16.320.400.780.500'], ['C23.550.737'], ['E01.789']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Health symptoms in relation to temperature, humidity, and self-reported perceptions of climate in New York City residential environments.
|
Little monitoring has been conducted of temperature and humidity inside homes despite the fact that these conditions may be relevant to health outcomes. Previous studies have observed associations between self-reported perceptions of the indoor environment and health. Here, we investigate associations between measured temperature and humidity, perceptions of indoor environmental conditions, and health symptoms in a sample of New York City apartments. We measured temperature and humidity in 40 New York City apartments during summer and winter seasons and collected survey data from the households' residents. Health outcomes of interest were (1) sleep quality, (2) symptoms of heat illness (summer season), and (3) symptoms of respiratory viral infection (winter season). Using mixed-effects logistic regression models, we investigated associations between the perceptions, symptoms, and measured conditions in each season. Perceptions of indoor temperature were significantly associated with measured temperature in both the summer and the winter, with a stronger association in the summer season. Sleep quality was inversely related to measured and perceived indoor temperature in the summer season only. Heat illness symptoms were associated with perceived, but not measured, temperature in the summer season. We did not find an association between any measured or perceived condition and cases of respiratory infection in the winter season. Although limited in size, the results of this study reveal that indoor temperature may impact sleep quality, and that thermal perceptions of the indoor environment may indicate vulnerability to heat illness. These are both important avenues for further investigation.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Health Status', 'Heat Stress Disorders', 'Housing', 'Humans', 'Humidity', 'Microclimate', 'Middle Aged', 'New York City', 'Perception', 'Respiratory Tract Infections', 'Seasons', 'Self Report', 'Sleep', 'Symptom Assessment', 'Temperature', 'Thermosensing', 'Young Adult']
| 28,108,783
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['I01.240.425', 'N01.224.425', 'N06.850.505.400.425'], ['C26.522'], ['J03.340', 'N01.224.791.400', 'N06.230.150.360', 'N06.850.505.400.800.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G16.500.275.063.725.310', 'G16.500.750.775.310', 'N06.230.150.372', 'N06.230.300.100.725.310'], ['G16.500.275.071.450', 'N06.230.300.100.250.450'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['Z01.107.567.875.350.530.530', 'Z01.107.567.875.500.530.530', 'Z01.433.741'], ['F02.463.593'], ['C01.748', 'C08.730'], ['G01.910.645.661', 'G16.500.275.071.590', 'N06.230.300.100.250.525'], ['E05.318.308.980.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.500'], ['F02.830.855', 'G11.561.803'], ['E01.370.872'], ['G01.906.595', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710', 'G16.500.750.775.710', 'N06.230.150.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710'], ['F02.830.816.781', 'G07.850', 'G11.561.790.781'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Effects of sodium intake on lactation and Na levels in body fluids of Blackface ewes.
|
1. A low-sodium diet was given to Blackface ewes over two reproductive seasons; the diet provided 3-7 mmol Na daily, except for the period of lactation, when Na intake was increased to around 11 mmol/d. The diet of the control ewes was supplemented with sodium chloride to provide the recommended allowance of about ten times the level in the experimental low-Na diet. 2. Milk production was assessed during the first 2 months of lactation from incremental changes in the live weight of lambs during controlled sucking periods. Na and potassium were determined in milk and also in plasma, saliva and urine. 3. Neither yield nor concentration of Na and K in milk was affected by the level of Na in the diet. These results were supported by the similarity in live-weight gain of lambs in both years regardless of diet. 4. Plasma Na and K concentrations were not affected by the level of dietary Na. Na concentration in saliva and urine was significantly lower in the treated than in the control ewes, and K concentration in saliva was significantly higher.
|
['Animals', 'Body Fluids', 'Female', 'Lactation', 'Milk', 'Osmolar Concentration', 'Potassium', 'Pregnancy', 'Sheep', 'Sodium', 'Sodium, Dietary']
| 3,676,195
|
[['B01.050'], ['A12.207'], ['G08.686.523', 'G08.686.702.500'], ['A12.200.455', 'A12.790', 'G07.203.100.700', 'G07.203.300.350.525', 'J02.200.700', 'J02.500.350.525'], ['G02.640'], ['D01.268.549.550', 'D01.268.557.575', 'D01.552.528.652', 'D01.552.547.650'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.791'], ['D01.268.549.750', 'D01.268.557.650', 'D01.552.528.850', 'D01.552.547.725'], ['D01.857.875']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Therapeutic response of rosacea to dobesilate.
|
Despite an incomplete understanding of the pathogenesis of rosacea, therapeutic modalities continue to expand. The principal subtype of rosacea includes erythematotelangiestatic rosacea, which is characterized by uncontrolled angiogenesis. Angiogenic growth factors such as fibroblast growth factors (FGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) are currently targets of intense effort to inhibit deregulated blood vessel formation in diseases such as cancer. Here we report a 33-years-old woman with erythematotelangestatic rosacea who responds to a daily treatment of topically applied dobesilate, an inhibitor of FGF, with an improvement in erythema and telangectasia after two weeks. Thus, dobesilate might be useful in the treatment of rosacea and other diseases that depend on pathologic angiogenesis.
|
['Administration, Topical', 'Adult', 'Angiogenesis Inhibitors', 'Calcium Dobesilate', 'Female', 'Fibroblast Growth Factors', 'Humans', 'Ointments', 'Rosacea']
| 16,287,608
|
[['E02.319.267.120'], ['M01.060.116'], ['D27.505.696.377.077.099', 'D27.505.696.377.450.100', 'D27.505.954.248.025'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.097.120', 'D02.886.645.600.080.050.100.075'], ['D12.644.276.624', 'D12.776.467.624', 'D23.529.624'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D26.255.640'], ['C17.800.716']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Folate and vitamin B6 rapidly normalize endothelial dysfunction in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus.
|
BACKGROUND: Endothelial dysfunction, a precursor of vascular disease, begins early in type 1 diabetes mellitus and is associated with folate status.METHODS: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of folate (5 mg daily) and vitamin B6 (100 mg daily) in 124 children with type 1 diabetes determined the immediate and 8-week effects of these vitamins, alone and in combination, on endothelial function. Endothelial function, assessed as flow-mediated dilation and glyceryltrinitrate-induced dilation with high-resolution ultrasound of the brachial artery, was measured at baseline, at 2 and 4 hours after the first dose (n = 35), and at 4 and 8 weeks of treatment (n = 122).RESULTS: Flow-mediated dilation normalized in all treatment groups. From baseline to 8 weeks, flow-mediated dilation improved with folate from 2.6% +/- 4.3% (mean +/- SD) to 9.7% +/- 6.0%, with vitamin B6 from 3.5% +/- 4.0% to 8.3% +/- 4.2%, and with folate/vitamin B6 from 2.8% +/- 3.5% to 10.5% +/- 4.4%. This improvement in flow-mediated dilation occurred within 2 hours and was maintained at 8 weeks for each treatment. Flow-mediated dilation in the placebo group, and glyceryltrinitrate-induced dilation in all groups, did not change. Increases in serum folate, red cell folate, and serum vitamin B6 levels related to increases in flow-mediated dilation. Improvement in flow-mediated dilation was independent of changes in total plasma homocyst(e)ine, glucose, hemoglobin A1c, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels. Baseline red cell folate levels and baseline diastolic blood pressure were related inversely to improvement in flow-mediated dilation. Serum triglyceride and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol inversely related to baseline flow-mediated dilation.CONCLUSIONS: High-dose folate and vitamin B6 normalized endothelial dysfunction in children with type 1 diabetes. This effect was maintained over 8 weeks, with no additional benefit from combination treatment.
|
['Adolescent', 'Brachial Artery', 'Child', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1', 'Double-Blind Method', 'Endothelium, Vascular', 'Female', 'Folic Acid', 'Hematinics', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Multivariate Analysis', 'Regional Blood Flow', 'Research Design', 'Ultrasonography', 'Vitamin B 6', 'Vitamin B Complex']
| 16,818,571
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['A07.015.114.139'], ['M01.060.406'], ['C18.452.394.750.124', 'C19.246.267', 'C20.111.327'], ['E05.318.370.300', 'E05.581.500.300', 'N05.715.360.325.320', 'N06.850.520.445.300'], ['A07.015.700.500', 'A10.272.491.355'], ['D03.633.100.733.631.400'], ['D27.505.954.502.543'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.740.150.500', 'N05.715.360.750.125.500', 'N06.850.520.830.150.500'], ['G09.330.100.780'], ['E05.581.500', 'H01.770.644.728'], ['E01.370.350.850'], ['D03.383.725.676.925'], ['D27.505.696.494.600.708']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
[Accuracy of three-step diagnosis in discriminating subtypes of acute ischemic stroke].
|
The aim of this study is to evaluate the accuracy of three-step diagnosis in discriminating subtypes of acute ischemic stroke. A total of 120 consecutive patients with first-ever ischemic stroke, admitted to one general hospital, were prospectively studied. In the first step (within 24 hours of clinical onset), the first diagnosis was made according to clinical symptoms and signs, and patients were subdivided into four groups according to the classification of Oxfordshire Community Stroke Project: lacunar infarcts (LACI), total anterior circulation infarcts (TACI), partial anterior circulation infarcts (PACI), and posterior circulation infarcts (POCI). In the second step (24 hours to 72 hours from the onset), neuroimaging diagnosis was performed by CT and/or MRI. Four lesion sites were classified: 1) small subcortical infarction < or = 1.5 cm in diameter in the perforating artery territory (SSI), 2) supratentorial cortical or striatocapsular infarction (CI), 3) low-flow infarction (LFI) which includes centrum semiovale infarct and internal junctional infarct, and 4) posterior circulation infarction other than SSI (PI). In the third step, etiological diagnosis was made by examination including trans-thoracic echocardiography and MRA (3-D, PC). In accordance with the TOAST Study, the presumed stroke mechanism was categorized as either small-vessel occlusion (lacune), cardioembolism (CE), large-artery atherosclerosis (LAA), or others. The majority of patients with TACI, PACI or POCI showed the corresponding lesions on CT or MRI, while only 69% of LACI patients demonstrated SSI. Seventy-five percent of patients with TACI were categorized as CE in the third diagnosis, while the etiology of the patients with PACI was either CE or LAA in equal numbers. Only 60% of LACI patients were classified as lacune and 21% of them as LAA. Patients with LACI but classified as LAA usually had atypical clinical symptoms (e.g. monoparesis) and lesions other than SSI. The positive predictive value (PPV) of lacune in the combination of LACI and SSI was 0.75. Eighty-two percent of patients with CE had atrial fibrillation (af), which was the most frequent cardioembolic source. When patients with TACI or PACI had af, the PPV of CE was 0.93, but when they did not, the PPV of LAA was only 0.68. The etiology of POCI was variable. In conclusion, the agreement of the three-step diagnosis is considerable, but more rigorous clinical examination is needed for some clinical groups (POCI and LACI) and the etiological diagnosis of LAA.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Brain Ischemia', 'Cerebral Infarction', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged']
| 9,146,068
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['C10.228.140.300.150', 'C14.907.253.092'], ['C10.228.140.300.150.477.200', 'C10.228.140.300.775.200.200', 'C14.907.253.092.477.200', 'C14.907.253.855.200.200', 'C23.550.513.355.250.200', 'C23.550.717.489.250.200'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Alkaloid analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography-solid phase extraction-nuclear magnetic resonance: new strategies going beyond the standard.
|
The hyphenated technique HPLC-SPE-NMR is an important tool for rapid dereplication of complex mixtures of in particular small molecules and has been successfully employed in natural product research. However, positively charged alkaloids at low pH are often poorly trapped on the generally used SPE cartridge limiting the general application of the procedure. In this work, two new approaches for efficient SPE trapping of alkaloids and elution efficiencies were evaluated using 24 model alkaloids. Use of a 0.1 M NaOH solution as the post-column dilution greatly enhanced trapping of alkaloids on the commonly used cartridge containing divinylbenzene polymer (GP resin). This procedure, however, was unsuitable for trapping phenolic alkaloids. Severe line broadening and immiscibility with water made chloroform-d(1) unsuited as eluent. None of these problems occurred when methanol-d(4) was used as eluent. Previously, mixed mode cation exchange sorbents have not been used in HPLC-SPE-NMR analysis of natural products. In contrast to GP resin this material showed good retention and elution characteristics for retention and elution of alkaloids. As well the use of methanol-d(4) containing 1% aqueous NaOD (40%) as methanol-d(4) containing 5% aqueous NH(4)OH (30%) as eluents were successful, even though elution of alkaloids with pK(a) of the corresponding acid above 10 proved difficult. Alkaloid extracts of Huperzia selago containing complex aliphatic alkaloids and Triclisia patens containing bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloids were used for validation of the protocols for analysis of a diverse collection of alkaloids. Mixed mode cation exchange sorbent was efficient for trapping and elution of both types of alkaloids as evidenced by acquisition of 2D NMR data for all trapped compounds. In contrast, GP resin proved only viable for all the H. selago alkaloids whereas trapping and elution of bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloids were dubious.
|
['Alkaloids', 'Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'Huperzia', 'Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy', 'Menispermaceae', 'Plant Extracts', 'Solid Phase Extraction']
| 23,195,707
|
[['D03.132'], ['E05.196.181.400.300'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.525.333'], ['E05.196.867.519'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.725'], ['D20.215.784.500', 'D26.667'], ['E05.196.155.800']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Rapid determination of trans-resveratrol in red wine by solid-phase microextraction with on-fiber derivatization and multidimensional gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
|
There has been considerable public interest and a growing number of scientific studies linking certain phenolic compounds in grapes and wines, particularly trans-resveratrol (trans-3,5,4'-trihydroxystilbene, TRA), to human health benefits. Typical TRA concentrations in wine are very low. It is a polar compound with very low volatility, which makes it difficult to extract and to separate on a gas chromatography (GC) column without derivatization. In this study, a new method for trace analysis of TRA was developed using solid-phase microextraction (SPME) with on-fiber silylation derivatization. Multidimensional GC equipped with a heartcut valve and cryogenic focusing was coupled with a mass-selective detector and used for improved separations and analysis. The effects of SPME fiber selection, extraction time, temperature, and desorption time were investigated. The derivatization conditions, time/temperature and the volume of derivatization reagent were also optimized. The calibration curve was linear over the concentration range from 10 ng L(-1) to 5 mg L(-1), with a correlation coefficient of 0.9996. The average recovery of TRA in red wine was 83.6+/-5.6%. The method detection limit (MDL) for TRA in ethanol:water (12.5:87.5, v/v) solution in this study was 7.08 ng L(-1) whereas the MDL for TRA in pure water was 2.85 ng L(-1). The new method was used to test the TRA content in six selected Iowa red wine samples. Measured concentrations varied from 12.72 to 851.9 microg L(-1).
|
['Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry', 'Linear Models', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Resveratrol', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Solid Phase Microextraction', 'Stereoisomerism', 'Stilbenes', 'Temperature', 'Time Factors', 'Wine']
| 19,081,100
|
[['E05.196.181.349.500', 'E05.196.566.500'], ['E05.318.740.500.500', 'E05.318.740.750.425', 'E05.599.835.750', 'N05.715.360.750.530.460', 'N05.715.360.750.695.460', 'N06.850.520.830.500.500', 'N06.850.520.830.750.425'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.150.700.725.875', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.715.500'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['E05.196.155.800.500'], ['G02.607.445.682'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.150.700'], ['G01.906.595', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710', 'G16.500.750.775.710', 'N06.230.150.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710'], ['G01.910.857'], ['G07.203.100.100.900', 'G07.203.200.887', 'J02.200.100.900', 'J02.350.887']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Directed evolution of an extremely stable fluorescent protein.
|
In this paper we describe the evolution of eCGP123, an extremely stable green fluorescent protein based on a previously described fluorescent protein created by consensus engineering (CGP: consensus green protein). eCGP123 could not be denatured by a standard thermal melt, preserved almost full fluorescence after overnight incubation at 80 degrees C and possessed a free energy of denaturation of 12.4 kcal/mol. It was created from CGP by a recursive process involving the sequential introduction of three destabilizing heterologous inserts, evolution to overcome the destabilization and finally 'removal' of the destabilizing insert by gene synthesis. We believe that this approach may be generally applicable to the stabilization of other proteins.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Base Sequence', 'Evolution, Molecular', 'Green Fluorescent Proteins', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Mutation', 'Protein Engineering', 'Sequence Analysis, DNA', 'Temperature']
| 19,364,809
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['G05.045.250', 'G16.075.250'], ['D12.776.532.265'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G05.365.590'], ['E05.393.420.601'], ['E05.393.760.700'], ['G01.906.595', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710', 'G16.500.750.775.710', 'N06.230.150.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
DNA analysis cervical and vaginal cancer cells during radiotherapy by rapid high-resolution cytometry.
|
The DNA content of the nuclei of cancer cells of 12 cases of cervical cancer and 2 cases of vaginal cancer, treated with radiotherapy, were studied in 50 specimens. Specimens were taken from each case before radiotherapy and at the totals of 1,000 rad, 2,000 rad, 3,000 rad and 4,500 rad (or 5,000 rad). All specimens were stained by the Papanicolaou method and were analyzed by rapid high-resolution cytometry. Total optical density, mean nuclear area and the 5N-exceeding rate (5NER) increased gradually following irradiation. Cancer cells disappeared in good response cases before 3,000 rad. Eight smears with a 5NER under 100 at the dose of 3,000 rad or more seemed to be poor response cases. Low 5NER and low mean nuclear areas were observed in both patients who died with persistent disease after radiotherapy, as well as in one case treated with chemotherapy for persistent disease after radiotherapy.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Carcinoma, Squamous Cell', 'DNA, Neoplasm', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation', 'Female', 'Flow Cytometry', 'Humans', 'Middle Aged', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Radiotherapy Dosage', 'Uterine Cervical Neoplasms', 'Vaginal Neoplasms']
| 3,385,280
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['C04.557.470.200.400', 'C04.557.470.700.400'], ['D13.444.308.425'], ['E05.799.513.500', 'G01.750.740.500', 'G04.712.500', 'G07.225', 'G07.738.500', 'N06.850.810.250.180'], ['E01.370.225.500.363.342', 'E01.370.225.500.386.350', 'E05.196.712.516.600.240.350', 'E05.200.500.363.342', 'E05.200.500.386.350', 'E05.242.363.342', 'E05.242.386.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.370.800.650', 'N05.715.360.325.700.640', 'N06.850.520.445.800.650'], ['E02.815.639'], ['C04.588.945.418.948.850', 'C13.351.500.852.593.131', 'C13.351.500.852.762.850', 'C13.351.937.418.875.850'], ['C04.588.945.418.955', 'C13.351.500.894.834', 'C13.351.937.418.937']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Clonal analysis of CD4+ T helper cell subsets that induce the monocyte procoagulant response.
|
Monocyte procoagulant inducing factor (MPIF) is a T helper cell-derived cytokine that may play a collaborative role in the expression of cell-mediated immune responses. We have attempted to elucidate whether there is a relationship between MPIF-producing T cell clones and currently proposed subsets of murine T helper cells. A large collection of murine CD4+ T cell clones, both Con A-induced and long-term alloreactive clones, was generated for this study. Four subsets were identified among these T cell clones according to their cytokine secreting profiles: Th0 producing IL-2 and IL-4, Th1 producing IL-2, Th2 producing IL-4, and Tnull, a subset producing neither cytokine. The ability to produce MPIF was found to residue within the Th0 and Th1 subsets regardless of whether the clone was Con A-induced or alloreactive. Neither Th2 clones nor Tnull exhibited significant MPIF activity. In addition, a few instances of transition from Th0 to Th2 were associated with a concomitant loss of MPIF expression. The ability to secrete MPIF after stimulation was heterogeneous among Th0 and Th1 clones and did not correlate with IL-2 production by these clones. Our results that the Th1 subset produces MPIF are consistent with findings that the Th1 subset as well as the cytokine MPIF mediates DTH. Additionally, these results suggest that MPIF-producing Th0 clones may also play a role in cell-mediated immune responses.
|
['Animals', 'Biological Factors', 'Blood Coagulation Factors', 'CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Clone Cells', 'Concanavalin A', 'Cytokines', 'Immunity, Cellular', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Interleukin-2', 'Interleukin-4', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred Strains', 'T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer', 'Time Factors']
| 1,971,532
|
[['B01.050'], ['D23'], ['D12.776.124.125', 'D23.119'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.569.200', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.200', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.200'], ['A11.251'], ['A11.251.353'], ['D12.776.503.499.500', 'D12.776.765.678.500'], ['D12.644.276.374', 'D12.776.467.374', 'D23.529.374'], ['G12.450.050.400'], ['E05.481'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.021', 'D12.644.276.374.480.372', 'D12.776.467.374.465.021', 'D12.776.467.374.480.372', 'D23.529.374.465.155', 'D23.529.374.480.372'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.186', 'D12.776.467.374.465.178', 'D23.529.374.465.186'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.550.500.400', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.200.400', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.500.400', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.550.500.400', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.200.400', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.500.400', 'A15.382.490.555.567.550.500.400', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.200.400', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.500.400'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The role of geriatric assessment units in caring for the elderly: an analytic review.
|
Specialized geriatric assessment units (GAUs) have been established across North America in response to the growing recognition of the many unmet needs of the frail elderly and the conviction that GAUs can have major beneficial impacts. Although their structures and objectives vary considerably, GAUs are generally designed to comprehensively assess elderly patients' medical and psychosocial problems, to determine optimal placement, and often to provide therapy and rehabilitation. We offer a framework for examining structural and outcome studies indicates that GAUs can provide important positive impacts on health care for the elderly, including more thorough diagnoses, improved levels of physical and psychological functioning, and better placement decisions.
|
['Aged', 'Geriatrics', 'Health Facilities', 'Health Status', 'Hospital Units', 'Humans', 'North America', 'Patient Care Team']
| 7,096,923
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['H02.403.355'], ['N02.278'], ['I01.240.425', 'N01.224.425', 'N06.850.505.400.425'], ['N02.278.388'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.107.567'], ['N04.590.715']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Adherence of staphylococcus aureus to influenza A virus-infected Madin-Darby canine kidney cell cultures.
|
Madin-Darby canine kidney cells infected with influenza A virus (strains PR8, FM1, Jap 305, and Tex 1) were tested with nine strains of Staphylococcus aureus and group B Streptococcus type Ic to determine whether mammalian cells become susceptible to bacterial adherence as a result of virus infection. Bacterial adherence to virus-infected cells varied depending on the virus strain and on the strain of bacteria tested. A quantitative radioassay was developed to study the parameters of adherence. Attachment of 3H-labeled S. aureus grown in chemically defined or biologically complex medium to FM1 virus-infected cells was significantly increased (P less than 0.0005) compared with attachment to control cells. Adherence coincided with the appearance of hemadsorption, which is a marker of the presence of virus-induced glycoproteins on the cell surface. Adherence was temperature dependent, increased with a decrease in hydrogen ion concentration, and was not affected by the presence of K+, Mg2+, or Ca2+. Adherence was blocked when 3H-labeled S. aureus was pretreated with trypsin but not when cells were pretreated with neuraminidase.
|
['Adhesiveness', 'Animals', 'Binding Sites', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Dogs', 'Influenza A virus', 'Kidney', 'Orthomyxoviridae Infections', 'Radioimmunoassay', 'Staphylococcus aureus', 'Temperature', 'Time Factors', 'Trypsin']
| 7,216,481
|
[['G02.860.139'], ['B01.050'], ['G02.111.570.120'], ['A11.251'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.250.216.200'], ['B04.820.480.968.405.400'], ['A05.810.453'], ['C01.925.782.620'], ['E01.370.384.700', 'E05.478.566.639', 'E05.601.470.639'], ['B03.300.390.400.800.750.100', 'B03.353.500.750.750.100', 'B03.510.100.750.750.100', 'B03.510.400.790.750.100'], ['G01.906.595', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710', 'G16.500.750.775.710', 'N06.230.150.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710'], ['G01.910.857'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.760.895', 'D08.811.277.656.959.350.895']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Statistical models and time series forecasting of sulfur dioxide: a case study Tehran.
|
This study performed a time-series analysis, frequency distribution and prediction of SO(2) levels for five stations (Pardisan, Vila, Azadi, Gholhak and Bahman) in Tehran for the period of 2000-2005. Most sites show a quite similar characteristic with highest pollution in autumn-winter time and least pollution in spring-summer. The frequency distributions show higher peaks at two residential sites. The potential for SO(2) problems is high because of high emissions and the close geographical proximity of the major industrial and urban centers. The ACF and PACF are nonzero for several lags, indicating a mixed (ARMA) model, then at Bahman station an ARMA model was used for forecasting SO(2). The partial autocorrelations become close to 0 after about 5 lags while the autocorrelations remain strong through all the lags shown. The results proved that ARMA (2,2) model can provides reliable, satisfactory predictions for time series.
|
['Air Pollutants', 'Environmental Monitoring', 'Forecasting', 'Iran', 'Models, Statistical', 'Sulfur Dioxide']
| 18,612,833
|
[['D27.888.284.101'], ['N06.850.460.350.080', 'N06.850.780.375'], ['I01.320'], ['Z01.252.245.500.350'], ['E05.318.740.500', 'E05.599.835', 'N05.715.360.750.530', 'N06.850.520.830.500'], ['D01.362.810', 'D01.650.550.850.925', 'D01.875.825.925']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Kinetics of P-glycoprotein-mediated efflux of paclitaxel.
|
Paclitaxel is a substrate of the mdr1 P-glycoprotein (Pgp). The objective of the present study was to determine the kinetics of the Pgp-mediated efflux and its contribution to the overall efflux of paclitaxel at the clinically achievable concentration range of 1 to 1500 nM. Human breast carcinoma BC19 cells that were derived from MCF7 cells by mdr1 transfection and show a >10-fold higher level of the Pgp protein were used to measure the uptake and efflux of [(3)H]paclitaxel. A computational model of intracellular paclitaxel pharmacokinetics was developed to analyze for the Pgp efflux parameters. The results show a saturable Pgp-mediated efflux in BC19 cells; the dissociation constant was 14 nM, and the maximal efflux rate was 2.8 x 10(-4) pmol/h/cell. The contribution of Pgp-mediated efflux to the total efflux decreased with increasing extracellular drug concentrations; the Pgp efflux accounted for 86 and 34% of total efflux at 1 and 1500 nM, respectively. The validity of the model was confirmed by the close agreement between the model-predicted data and the experimentally obtained data (approximately 6% deviation) describing the effect of cell density and intracellular-to-extracellular concentration gradient on the kinetics of drug accumulation and efflux. In conclusion, our results indicate that the Pgp-mediated efflux represents a major efflux mechanism of paclitaxel at the low end of the clinically observed drug concentration range, but accounts for only a minor part of the efflux at higher concentrations in BC19 cells.
|
['ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1', 'Algorithms', 'Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic', 'Breast Neoplasms', 'Female', 'Genes, MDR', 'Humans', 'Models, Biological', 'Paclitaxel', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Transfection', 'Tumor Cells, Cultured']
| 11,504,826
|
[['D12.776.157.530.100.075.063', 'D12.776.157.530.450.074.500.500.250.125', 'D12.776.395.550.020.400.153', 'D12.776.543.550.192.400.153', 'D12.776.543.585.100.200.125', 'D12.776.543.585.450.074.500.500.250.125'], ['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['D27.505.954.248.179'], ['C04.588.180', 'C17.800.090.500'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.361', 'G05.360.340.024.340.645.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.599.395'], ['D02.455.426.392.368.242.888.777', 'D02.455.849.291.850.777'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['E05.393.350.810', 'G05.728.860'], ['A11.251.860']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Age differences in hostility among middle-aged and older adults.
|
Multiple measures of hostility were administered to middle-aged and older volunteers. There was a positive association between age and self-report measures reflecting hostile beliefs about others, including cynicism and suspiciousness. There was a weak inverse relationship between age and self-report measures of the overt expression of anger and aggression, but no association between age and measures of covert hostility was found. There was a positive relationship between age and an assessment of hostile behavior that was based on the respondent's interaction style during an interview. The magnitude of these age trends did not differ between men (n = 50) and women (n = 75). These findings illustrate the multidimensional nature of hostility. They also have practical implications for older people because hostility is associated with psychological well-being and has been shown to have consequences for health and longevity.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aging', 'Anger', 'Female', 'Gender Identity', 'Hostility', 'Humans', 'Interpersonal Relations', 'Irritable Mood', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Personality Assessment']
| 8,461,112
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['G07.345.124'], ['F01.470.093'], ['F01.393.446.250', 'F01.752.747.385.200', 'F01.752.747.722.200', 'F02.739.794.793.200'], ['F01.470.596'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.829.401'], ['F01.470.047.110'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['F04.513']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Infectious clone construction of dengue virus type 2, strain Jamaican 1409, and characterization of a conditional E6 mutation.
|
A full-length infectious cDNA clone (ic) was constructed from the genome of the dengue virus type 2 (DENV-2) Jamaica83 1409 strain, pBAC1409ic, by using a bacterial artifical chromosome plasmid system. Infectious virus was generated and characterized for growth in cell culture and for infection in Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. During construction, an isoleucine to methionine (Ile-->Met) change was found at position 6 in the envelope glycoprotein sequence between low- and high-passage DENV-2 1409 strains. In vitro-transcribed genomic RNA of 1409ic with E6-Ile produced infectious virions following electroporation in mosquito cells, but not mammalian cells, while 1409ic RNA with an E6-Met mutation produced virus in both cell types. Moreover, DENV-2 1409 with the E6-Ile residue produced syncytia in C6/36 cell culture, whereas viruses with E6-Met did not. However, in vitro cell culture-derived growth-curve data and in vivo mosquito-infection rates revealed that none of the analysed DENV-2 strains differed from each other.
|
['Aedes', 'Amino Acid Substitution', 'Animals', 'Cell Line', 'Chromosomes, Artificial, Bacterial', 'Cloning, Molecular', 'DNA, Complementary', 'DNA, Viral', 'Dengue Virus', 'Genome, Viral', 'Giant Cells', 'Macaca mulatta', 'Mutation', 'RNA, Viral', 'Sequence Analysis, DNA', 'Transfection', 'Viral Envelope Proteins']
| 16,847,122
|
[['B01.050.500.131.617.720.500.500.750.712.500.875.100'], ['E05.393.420.601.035', 'G05.558.109'], ['B01.050'], ['A11.251.210'], ['A11.284.187.178.170', 'A11.284.187.190.170', 'A20.812.170', 'G05.360.162.178.170', 'G05.360.162.190.170', 'G05.360.337.249.170'], ['E05.393.220'], ['D13.444.308.497.220', 'D13.444.600.223.500', 'D27.720.470.530.600.223.260'], ['D13.444.308.568'], ['B04.820.578.344.350.270'], ['G05.360.340.358.840'], ['A11.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.199.120.510.550'], ['G05.365.590'], ['D13.444.735.828'], ['E05.393.760.700'], ['E05.393.350.810', 'G05.728.860'], ['D09.400.430.968', 'D12.776.395.550.993', 'D12.776.543.550.993', 'D12.776.964.970.880']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Long noncoding RNA Gm6135 functions as a competitive endogenous RNA to regulate toll-like receptor 4 expression by sponging miR-203-3p in diabetic nephropathy.
|
We aim to explore the relationship between Gm6135 and diabetic nephropathy. We detected the relative expression levels of Gm6135 and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in diabetic nephropathy mice and high-glucose-cultured mouse mesangial cells SV40-MES-13 by the quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blot detection. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were detected after small interfering RNA (siRNA) interference or plasmid overexpression of Gm6135/TLR4, and bioinformatics method was used to predict and screen miR-203 as an intermediate factor. Through dual-luciferase reporter gene, RNA pull-down, qRT-PCR, and western blot, the binding relationship between Gm6135, miR-203-3p, and TLR4 was confirmed. The possibility of the competing endogenous RNA mechanism was demonstrated by cell localization assays and rip assays. Finally, the proliferation of mouse mesangial cells SV40-MES-13 was detected after mimics and inhibitor of microRNA, which were reversed with TLR4 overexpression and siRNA. The results showed that the relative expression levels of Gm6135 and TLR4 in the kidney and high-glucose-cultured mouse mesangial cells of diabetic nephropathy mice increased significantly. Overexpression or downregulation of Gm6135/TLR4 significantly affected the proliferation and apoptosis of mouse mesangial cells. Gm6135 upregulates TLR4 by competitively binding to miR-203-3p.
|
['Animals', 'Apoptosis', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Diabetic Nephropathies', 'Down-Regulation', 'Kidney', 'Mesangial Cells', 'Mice', 'MicroRNAs', 'RNA, Long Noncoding', 'RNA, Small Interfering', 'Toll-Like Receptor 4']
| 30,295,314
|
[['B01.050'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['C12.777.419.192', 'C13.351.968.419.192', 'C19.246.099.875'], ['G02.111.240', 'G05.308.200', 'G07.690.773.937'], ['A05.810.453'], ['A05.810.453.324.359.620', 'A05.810.453.736.520.620', 'A11.329.228.950'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['D13.150.650.319', 'D13.444.735.150.319', 'D13.444.735.790.552.500'], ['D13.444.735.790.375'], ['D13.150.650.700', 'D13.444.735.150.700', 'D13.444.735.790.552.875'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.910.500.400']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Chronic administration of amiodarone and thyroid function: a follow-up study.
|
In order to evaluate the effects of amiodarone on thyroid function in chronically treated patients, 43 consecutive patients, who had been taking a mean weekly dose of 1420 +/- 488 mg for more than 9 months (mean 16.5 months), were studied. In a first evaluation, three patients with hypothyroidism and two with hyperthyroidism were discovered. In the remaining 38 patients, mean T4 (131 +/- 38 nmol/L) and rT3 (0.85 +/- 0.3 nmol/L) levels were significantly higher than reference values (p less than 0.05 and p less than 0.001, respectively), and mean T3 levels (1.89 +/- 0.73 nmol/L) were significantly lower (p less than 0.001). Thirteen patients showed hyperresponsiveness to thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) stimulation testing. In a second evaluation, performed 12 to 18 months later, two new cases of hypothyroidism were discovered. T3 levels showed significantly lower values (p less than 0.02) than in the first evaluation, whereas basal thyroid-stimulating hormone levels and levels 30 and 60 minutes after TRH stimulation were significantly higher than those in the first evaluation (p less than 0.001). Five new hyperresponders to TRH were found. In the present series, the progressive appearance of clinical thyroid dysfunction with an elevated total incidence (16%) is demonstrated. Moreover, a progressively high prevalence of hyperresponsiveness to TRH stimulation is shown. These findings indicate that chronic amiodarone administration may carry a high risk of thyroid dysfunction.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Amiodarone', 'Benzofurans', 'Chronic Disease', 'Coronary Disease', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Goiter', 'Heart Failure', 'Heart Valve Diseases', 'Humans', 'Hyperthyroidism', 'Hypothyroidism', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Thyroid Function Tests', 'Thyroid Gland']
| 6,496,285
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D03.633.100.127.075'], ['D03.633.100.127'], ['C23.550.291.500'], ['C14.280.647.250', 'C14.907.585.250'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['C19.874.283'], ['C14.280.434'], ['C14.280.484'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C19.874.397'], ['C19.874.482'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.370.374.750'], ['A06.300.900']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Glutamine synthetase regulation, adenylylation state, and strain specificity analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.
|
We used polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to examine the regulation and adenylylation states of glutamine synthetases (GSs) from Escherichia coli (GS(E)) and Klebsiella aerogenes (GS(K)). In gels containing sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), we found that GS(K) had a mobility which differed significantly from that of GS(E). In addition, for both GS(K) and GS(E), adenylylated subunits (GS(K)-adenosine 5'-monophosphate [AMP] and GS(E)-AMP) had lesser mobilities in SDS gels than did the corresponding non-adenylylated subunits. The order of mobilities was GS(K)-AMP < GS(K) < GS(E)-AMP < GS(E). We were able to detect these mobility differences with purified and partially purified preparations of GS, crude cell extracts, and whole cell lysates. SDS gel electrophoresis thus provided a means of estimating the adenylylation state and the quantity of GS present independent of enzymatic activity measurements and of determining the strain origin. Using SDS gels, we showed that: (i) the constitutively produced GS in strains carrying the glnA4 allele was mostly adenylylated, (ii) the GS-like polypeptide produced by strains carrying the glnA51 allele was indistinguishable from wild-type GS(K), and (iii) strains carrying the glnA10 allele contained no polypeptide having the mobility of GS(K) or GS(K)-AMP. Using native polyacrylamide gels, we detected the increased amount of dodecameric GS present in cells grown under nitrogen limitation compared with cells grown under conditions of nitrogen excess. In native gels there was neither a significant difference in the mobilities of adenylylated and non-adenylylated GSs nor a GS-like protein in cells carrying the glnA10 allele.
|
['Adenosine Monophosphate', 'Alleles', 'Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel', 'Escherichia coli', 'Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase', 'Klebsiella pneumoniae', 'Mutation', 'Species Specificity']
| 33,958
|
[]
|
[]
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Non-invasive urodynamic approach to the diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of voiding disorders in pediatric patients].
|
The authors reports their experience on 248 patients affected by minctional disorders isolated or related to UTI (upper tract infections) and VUR (vesico-ureteral reflux). All the patients were assessed throught a predominantly non invasive diagnostic approach which included: pediatric urologic examination with aimed anamnestic and clinical freaming, functional examination of the lower urinary tract using uroflowmetry + EMG of the perineal plane muscles (UR + EMG), kidney and bladder ultrasound. This methodology has permitted a widening of the indications in the study of vesical function as well as limiting the selected cases (hight UTI, uncertain diagnosis) of mini-invasive examination, such as flow pressure study, minctional cystourethrogram (MC) and or renal scintigraphy. An MNR of the lumbo-sacral medulla (cord) and a neurological and/or neurosurgery evaluation were only carried out were there was a suspected occult neurological pathology. The clinical sintomatogy was as follows: approximately 70% of the patients suffered from partial diurnal incontinence, 42% were affected by secondary nocturnal enuresis while 58.6% suffered from recurrent UTI. In those patients with UTI, 11% (16 patients, 24 ureteral units) suffered from associated VUR while 3.5% suffered from either congenital or acquired urethral stenosis. From the urodynamic examination, we determined the presence of detrusorial instability in 158 patients (64%) and lazy bladder or vescical hypotonia in 84 patients (34%). The suggested therapy foresees the use of: hospital home-based uroriabilitation (minctional biofeedback), endoscopic therapy (sub-ureteral bulking, urethral dilatation) and corrective VUR surgery (only in those cases that did not respond to medical treatment). The percentage of total recovery in patients with detrusorial instability was 80%, the minctional biofeedback both associated and unassociated with drug therapy lead to complete recovery in 66% of patients with lazy and uncordinated bladder, wile 26% showed improvement and 7 patients (8.4%) did not respond. All the patients with VUR (24 reflux units) recovered; and endoscopic therapy and or surgery (12 reflux units) was carried out in some of this patients.
|
['Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Urinary Retention', 'Urinary Tract Infections', 'Urodynamics', 'Vesico-Ureteral Reflux']
| 12,916,438
|
[['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C12.777.934.880', 'C13.351.968.934.880'], ['C01.915', 'C12.777.892', 'C13.351.968.892'], ['G08.852.898'], ['C12.777.829.920', 'C13.351.968.829.920']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
[Pharmacological evaluation of Mongolian medicine Syringa pinnatifolia fraction I against acute myocardial ischemia in mice].
|
Syringa pinnatifolia Hemsl.( SP) is a representative Mongolian folk medicine with the effects of inhibiting Heyi related diseases,clearing heat and relieving pain. It has been used for the treatment of Heyi-induced heart tingling,heart palpitations,upset,insomnia and other symptoms. Total ethanol extract( T) and major fraction( M) of SP have been evaluated its anti-ischemic effects,and the mechanism was related to the regulation of cyclooxygenase( COX)-mediated inflammatory pathway and p53-mediated apoptosis pathway in our previous studies. This study reports the chemical fractionation on M by which to obtain subfractions( I and M_3),and the pharmacological evaluation of M,I,and M_3 against myocardial ischemia in mice. The result showed that I and M reduced the values of LVEDd and LVEDs,significantly increased EF and FS values,increased serum CK-MB and LDH levels in mice,and reduced in inflammatory cells infiltration and collagen deposition in the infarcted myocardial tissue,suggesting that M and I possess the same degree anti-myocardial is chemia equally whereas M_3 has no this effect. Related mechanism studies suggested that I can reduce the expression of COX-1,COX-2 and p53 protein in myocardial tissue in a dose-dependent manner. This study lays the foundation for further chemical segmentation and clarification of pharmacological substance groups,paving the way for the full use and benefits to be use of systematic biological methods to analyze the pharmacological basis of SP against myocardial ischemia.
|
['Animals', 'Cyclooxygenase 1', 'Cyclooxygenase 2', 'Heart', 'Medicine, Mongolian Traditional', 'Membrane Proteins', 'Mice', 'Myocardial Ischemia', 'Myocardium', 'Plant Extracts', 'Syringa', 'Tumor Suppressor Protein p53']
| 32,237,363
|
[['B01.050'], ['D08.811.600.720.500'], ['D08.811.600.720.750'], ['A07.541'], ['E02.190.488.585.850', 'I01.076.201.450.654.558.750'], ['D12.776.543'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['C14.280.647', 'C14.907.585'], ['A02.633.580', 'A07.541.704', 'A10.690.552.750'], ['D20.215.784.500', 'D26.667'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.583.640.833'], ['D12.776.157.687.650', 'D12.776.260.820', 'D12.776.624.776.775', 'D12.776.660.720.650', 'D12.776.744.845']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The neural basis of motivational influences on cognitive control.
|
Cognitive control mechanisms support the deliberate regulation of thought and behavior based on current goals. Recent work suggests that motivational incentives improve cognitive control and has begun to elucidate critical neural substrates. We conducted a quantitative meta-analysis of neuroimaging studies of motivated cognitive control using activation likelihood estimation (ALE) and Neurosynth to delineate the brain regions that are consistently activated across studies. The analysis included studies that investigated changes in brain activation during cognitive control tasks when reward incentives were present versus absent. The ALE analysis revealed consistent recruitment in regions associated with the frontoparietal control network including the inferior frontal sulcus and intraparietal sulcus, as well as regions associated with the salience network including the anterior insula and anterior mid-cingulate cortex. As a complementary analysis, we performed a large-scale exploratory meta-analysis using Neurosynth to identify regions that are recruited in studies using of the terms cognitive control and incentive. This analysis replicated the ALE results and also identified the rostrolateral prefrontal cortex, caudate nucleus, nucleus accumbens, medial thalamus, inferior frontal junction, premotor cortex, and hippocampus. Finally, we separately compared recruitment during cue and target periods, which tap into proactive engagement of rule-outcome associations, and the mobilization of appropriate viscero-motor states to execute a response, respectively. We found that largely distinct sets of brain regions are recruited during cue and target periods. Altogether, these findings suggest that flexible interactions between frontoparietal, salience, and dopaminergic midbrain-striatal networks may allow control demands to be precisely tailored based on expected value.
|
['Brain', 'Executive Function', 'Functional Neuroimaging', 'Humans', 'Motivation', 'Nerve Net', 'Reward']
| 30,120,846
|
[['A08.186.211'], ['F02.463.217'], ['E01.370.350.578.875', 'E01.370.376.537.625', 'E05.629.875'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.658', 'F01.752.543.500.750'], ['A08.511'], ['F02.463.425.770.836']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Hydroxychloroquine in Nonhospitalized Adults With Early COVID-19 : A Randomized Trial.
|
BACKGROUND: No effective oral therapy exists for early coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether hydroxychloroquine could reduce COVID-19 severity in adult outpatients.DESIGN: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial conducted from 22 March through 20 May 2020. (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04308668).SETTING: Internet-based trial across the United States and Canada (40 states and 3 provinces).PARTICIPANTS: Symptomatic, nonhospitalized adults with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 or probable COVID-19 and high-risk exposure within 4 days of symptom onset.INTERVENTION: Oral hydroxychloroquine (800 mg once, followed by 600 mg in 6 to 8 hours, then 600 mg daily for 4 more days) or masked placebo.MEASUREMENTS: Symptoms and severity at baseline and then at days 3, 5, 10, and 14 using a 10-point visual analogue scale. The primary end point was change in overall symptom severity over 14 days.RESULTS: Of 491 patients randomly assigned to a group, 423 contributed primary end point data. Of these, 341 (81%) had laboratory-confirmed infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) or epidemiologically linked exposure to a person with laboratory-confirmed infection; 56% (236 of 423) were enrolled within 1 day of symptoms starting. Change in symptom severity over 14 days did not differ between the hydroxychloroquine and placebo groups (difference in symptom severity: relative, 12%; absolute, -0.27 point [95% CI, -0.61 to 0.07 point]; P = 0.117). At 14 days, 24% (49 of 201) of participants receiving hydroxychloroquine had ongoing symptoms compared with 30% (59 of 194) receiving placebo (P = 0.21). Medication adverse effects occurred in 43% (92 of 212) of participants receiving hydroxychloroquine versus 22% (46 of 211) receiving placebo (P < 0.001). With placebo, 10 hospitalizations occurred (2 non-COVID-19-related), including 1 hospitalized death. With hydroxychloroquine, 4 hospitalizations occurred plus 1 nonhospitalized death (P = 0.29).LIMITATION: Only 58% of participants received SARS-CoV-2 testing because of severe U.S. testing shortages.CONCLUSION: Hydroxychloroquine did not substantially reduce symptom severity in outpatients with early, mild COVID-19.PRIMARY FUNDING SOURCE: Private donors.
|
['Adult', 'Antimalarials', 'Betacoronavirus', 'COVID-19', 'Coronavirus Infections', 'Double-Blind Method', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Hydroxychloroquine', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Outpatients', 'Pandemics', 'Pneumonia, Viral', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Risk Factors', 'SARS-CoV-2', 'Time Factors']
| 32,673,060
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D27.505.954.122.250.100.085'], ['B04.820.578.500.540.150.113'], ['C01.748.214', 'C01.748.610.763.500', 'C01.925.705.500', 'C01.925.782.600.550.200.163', 'C08.381.677.807.500', 'C08.730.214', 'C08.730.610.763.500'], ['C01.925.782.600.550.200'], ['E05.318.370.300', 'E05.581.500.300', 'N05.715.360.325.320', 'N06.850.520.445.300'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D03.633.100.810.050.180.350'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['M01.643.630'], ['N06.850.290.200.600'], ['C01.748.610.763', 'C01.925.705', 'C08.381.677.807', 'C08.730.610.763'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['B04.820.578.500.540.150.113.968'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Progesterone and caspase-3 activation in equine cyclic corpora lutea.
|
Soon after ovulation, the newly formed corpus luteum (CL) starts secreting progesterone (P(4)), necessary for implantation. The CL, an ovarian transient endocrine organ, undergoes growth and regression throughout its life span. The objective of this study was to evaluate if caspase-3 mediates cell death in the equine cyclic luteal structures and relate it to luteal endocrine function. Blood and luteal tissue were collected during the breeding season after slaughter from 38 randomly assigned cycling mares. Luteal tissues were classified as corpora haemorrhagica (CH; n = 7); mid luteal phase corpora lutea (Mid-CL; n = 17); late or regressing corpora lutea (Late-CL; n = 9) and corpora albicans (CA; n = 5). Plasma P(4) concentration, determined by radioimmunoassay, showed a significant increase from CH to Mid-CL (p < 0.001), followed by a decrease to Late-CL (p < 0.001) and CA (p < 0.001). Caspase-3 processing and poly (ADP) ribose polymerase (PARP) degradation were assessed by western blotting. Active caspase-3 was twofold increased in Mid-CL, Late-CL and CA as compared with CH (p < 0.05). Immunocytochemistry also showed a significant increase in caspase-3 expression in large luteal cells in all structures when compared with CH (p < 0.05). Consistently, the endogenous caspase-3 substrate, PARP, was markedly degraded from CH to CA (p < 0.05). In fact, the ratio of full-length to degraded PARP showed a significant decrease from CH to Mid-CL, Late-CL and CA (p < 0.05). Finally, the decrease in P(4) from Mid- to Late-CL coincided with no further increases in apoptosis. In conclusion, these results suggest that the effector caspase-3 of apoptosis, might play an important role during luteal tissue involution in the mare, even though its relationship with P(4) remains to be elucidated.
|
['Animals', 'Caspase 3', 'Corpus Luteum', 'Estrous Cycle', 'Female', 'Horses', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Progesterone']
| 17,635,775
|
[['B01.050'], ['D08.811.277.656.262.500.126.350.300', 'D08.811.277.656.300.200.126.350.300', 'D12.644.360.075.405.350.300', 'D12.776.476.075.405.350.300'], ['A05.360.319.114.630.278', 'A06.300.312.497.278'], ['G08.686.195'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.984.235.472'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['D04.210.500.745.745.654.829', 'D06.472.334.734.623', 'D06.472.334.851.687.750']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
A European survey on public health policies for managing cases of meningococcal disease and their contacts.
|
In 2007, a European survey was conducted to compare national policies on public health management of cases of meningococcal disease and their contacts. The results revealed differences in definitions of close contacts and prophylactic regimens between countries. These differences can be attributed to a lack of evidence on optimal prevention and treatment strategies. The development of guidance for best practice in priority areas, based on evidence or consensus, is therefore recommended.
|
['Contact Tracing', 'Disease Notification', 'Disease Outbreaks', 'Europe', 'Health Care Surveys', 'Health Policy', 'Humans', 'Meningococcal Infections', 'Population Surveillance']
| 18,445,439
|
[['E05.318.270', 'N06.850.520.270', 'N06.850.780.200.225'], ['E05.318.362', 'N06.850.520.373', 'N06.850.780.200.262'], ['N06.850.290'], ['Z01.542'], ['E05.318.308.980.344', 'N03.349.380.210', 'N05.425.210', 'N05.715.360.300.800.344', 'N06.850.520.308.980.344'], ['I01.655.500.608.400', 'I01.880.604.825.608.400', 'N03.623.500.608.428'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C01.150.252.400.625.549'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.700', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.625', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.700', 'N06.850.780.675']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Evidence for a downward secular trend in age of menarche in a rural Gambian population.
|
Menarcheal age is a key indicator of female maturity and development. Studies in many countries have reported a downward secular trend in age of menarche over the past century. This study presents data gained using the 'status quo' method and interval regression to estimate median menarcheal age of girls in a rural Gambian community. Cross-sectional studies carried out in 1989, 2000 and 2008 revealed a median menarcheal age of 16.06 (95% CI 15.67-16.45), 15.03 (95% CI 14.76-15.30) and 14.90 (95% CI 14.52-15.28), respectively. The average rate of decline of median age of menarche was amongst the most rapid yet reported, at 0.65 years of age per decade (p < 0.00001). There was no evidence for a change in the rate of decline over the two decades studied. These results probably reflect ongoing socio-economic development within the region.
|
['Adolescent', 'African Continental Ancestry Group', 'Age Distribution', 'Child', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Female', 'Gambia', 'Humans', 'Menarche', 'Reproductive History', 'Rural Population', 'Socioeconomic Factors', 'Young Adult']
| 20,465,526
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.686.508.100'], ['I01.240.050', 'N01.224.033', 'N06.850.505.400.050'], ['M01.060.406'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['Z01.058.290.190.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G08.686.760.410', 'G08.686.841.374.410'], ['E01.370.510.700', 'N05.715.350.575', 'N06.850.490.812'], ['N01.600.725'], ['I01.880.853.996', 'N01.824'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Clinical features of sporadic Campylobacter infections in Norway.
|
To assess risk factors and clinical impact of campylobacteriosis in Norway, a case-control study of sporadic cases of infection with thermotolerant Campylobacter spp. was conducted. This report describes: (1) the frequency and duration of signs and symptoms, antimicrobial treatment, hospitalization, and faecal carriage among the study patients; (2) diarrhoeal illness and campylobacter carriage among their household members; and (3) antimicrobial susceptibility pattern among bacterial isolates. A total of 135 patients with bacteriologically confirmed campylobacter infection were enrolled in the study. Of these, 58 (43%) were domestically acquired while 77 (57%) were acquired abroad. If the study enrollees are representative of the cases reported to the national surveillance system, the reported infections led to an estimated annual average of at least 8590 days of illness, 78 admissions to hospital, 329 days of hospital stay, 2236 days lost at work or at school, 1000 physician consultations, and 96 antimicrobial prescriptions among the 4.2 million Norwegians. Convalescent carriage of campylobacter was detected in 16% of the patients who submitted follow-up stool specimens; the organism was carried for a mean of 37.6 days (median 31, range 15-69) after the onset of illness. Antimicrobial treatment appeared to have reduced the likelihood of carriage once symptoms had resolved. Diarrhoeal illness was more commonly reported in members of case households than control households (OR = 5.44, p < 0.0001). Cases were more likely than controls to report antecedent recurrent diarrhoea (OR = 6.00, p = 0.034). Two cases of neonatal infection, probably acquired from the mother at the time of delivery, were detected.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
|
['Abdominal Pain', 'Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Anti-Infective Agents', 'Campylobacter Infections', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Diarrhea', 'Feces', 'Female', 'Fever', 'Hospitalization', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Norway', 'Travel']
| 1,287,808
|
[['C23.888.592.612.054', 'C23.888.821.030'], ['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D27.505.954.122'], ['C01.150.252.400.177'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['C23.888.821.214'], ['A12.459'], ['C23.888.119.344'], ['E02.760.400', 'N02.421.585.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['Z01.542.816.374'], ['I03.883']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Plasmin-mediated activation of pandemic H1N1 influenza virus hemagglutinin is independent of the viral neuraminidase.
|
Influenza virus is well recognized to modulate host tropism and pathogenesis based on mutations in the proteolytic cleavage site of the viral hemagglutinin (HA), which activates HA and exposes the fusion peptide for membrane fusion. Instead of the conventional trypsin-mediated cleavage event, modification of the cleavage site allows extended use of host cell proteases and enhanced spread in vivo. For H1N1 influenza viruses, the mouse-adapted A/WSN/33 strain is known to replicate in the brain based on recruitment of plasminogen by the viral neuraminidase (NA), as well as a Ser-Tyr substitution at the P2 position of the HA cleavage site. Here, we show that an equivalent Ser-Tyr substitution has occurred in the HA of naturally occurring human H1N1 influenza viruses. We characterize one of these viruses (A/Beijing/718/2009), as well as the prototype A/California/04/2009 with a Ser-Tyr substitution in the cleavage site, and show that these HAs are preferentially cleaved by plasmin. Importantly, cleavage activation by plasmin/plasminogen was independent of the viral NA, suggesting a novel mechanism for HA cleavage activation. We show that the viral HA itself can recruit plasminogen for HA cleavage. We further show that cellular factors, as well as streptokinase from bacteria commonly coinfecting the respiratory tract of influenza patients, can be a source of activated plasminogen for plasmin-mediated cleavage of influenza virus HAs that contain a Ser-Tyr substitution in the cleavage site.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Animals', 'Fibrinolysin', 'Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus', 'Humans', 'Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype', 'Influenza, Human', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred BALB C', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Neuraminidase', 'Pandemics', 'Protein Processing, Post-Translational', 'Sequence Alignment', 'Viral Proteins', 'Virulence']
| 23,449,787
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['B01.050'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.760.330', 'D08.811.277.656.959.350.330'], ['D12.776.964.970.880.345.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['B04.820.480.968.405.400.214'], ['C01.748.310', 'C01.925.782.620.365', 'C08.730.310'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.338', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.338'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['D08.811.277.450.692'], ['N06.850.290.200.600'], ['G02.111.660.871.790.600', 'G02.111.691.600', 'G03.734.871.790.600', 'G05.308.670.600'], ['E05.393.751'], ['D12.776.964'], ['G06.930']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Evaluating distance functions for clustering tandem repeats.
|
Tandem repeats are an important class of DNA repeats and much research has focused on their efficient identification, their use in DNA typing and fingerprinting, and their causative role in trinucleotide repeat diseases such as Huntington Disease, myotonic dystrophy, and Fragile-X mental retardation. We are interested in clustering tandem repeats into groups or families based on sequence similarity so that their biological importance may be further explored. To cluster tandem repeats we need a notion of pairwise distance which we obtain by alignment. In this paper we evaluate five distance functions used to produce those alignments--Consensus, Euclidean, Jensen-Shannon Divergence, Entropy-Surface, and Entropy-weighted. It is important to analyze and compare these functions because the choice of distance metric forms the core of any clustering algorithm. We employ a novel method to compare alignments and thereby compare the distance functions themselves. We rank the distance functions based on the cluster validation techniques--Average Cluster Density and Average Silhouette Width. Finally, we propose a multi-phase clustering method which produces good-quality clusters. In this study, we analyze clusters of tandem repeats from five sequences: Human Chromosomes 3, 5, 10 and X and C. elegans Chromosome III.
|
['Algorithms', 'Base Sequence', 'Chromosome Mapping', 'Cluster Analysis', 'Computational Biology', 'Consensus Sequence', 'Entropy', 'Humans', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid', 'Tandem Repeat Sequences']
| 16,362,901
|
[['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['E05.393.183'], ['E05.318.740.250', 'N05.715.360.750.200', 'N06.850.520.830.250'], ['H01.158.273.180', 'L01.313.124'], ['G02.111.570.580.175'], ['G01.906.345'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['G02.111.810.550', 'G05.810.550'], ['G02.111.570.080.708.800', 'G05.360.080.708.800', 'G05.360.340.024.850']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Polycationic peptide guided spherical ordered self-assembly of biomacromolecules.
|
Achieving effective controllable delivery of therapeutic biomacromolecules for long action without new molecular entities generation or carriers employed offers a promising alternative and significant clinical benefit. We show here that recombinant human interferon-alpha (rhIFN) can form a three dimensional ordered structure that is featured by spherical semi-crystalline through molecular self-assembly directed by a polycationic short peptide. The phase diagrams for self-assembly were constructed to identify the optimal regions for nucleation and ordered growth, and which were followed by the physico-chemical characterization of the ordered self-assemblies, including morphology, particle size, X-ray diffraction, circular dichroism and biological potency evaluations. With varied molar ratio of the two composed biomacromolecules, the dissolution behaviors of the self-assemblies could be manipulated in vitro and in vivo. The plasma pharmacokinetics suggested that s.c. administration of self-assemblies at the specified relative proportion of rhIFN to polycationic peptide offered a significant prolonged duration time of rhIFN blood levels up to seven days. Moreover, molecular simulation was performed to better understand their binding site and mode. The work described here demonstrates the possibility of spherical ordered self-assembly of biomacromolecules for controllable delivery application of therapeutic proteins.
|
['Circular Dichroism', 'Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay', 'Humans', 'Interferon-alpha', 'Peptides', 'Polyamines', 'Polyelectrolytes', 'Recombinant Proteins', 'X-Ray Diffraction']
| 22,958,981
|
[['E05.196.867.151'], ['E05.478.566.350.170', 'E05.478.566.380.360', 'E05.478.583.400.170', 'E05.601.470.350.170', 'E05.601.470.380.360'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.644.276.374.440.890.250', 'D12.776.467.374.440.890.250', 'D23.529.374.440.890.250'], ['D12.644'], ['D02.092.782'], ['D01.248.700', 'D05.750.230'], ['D12.776.828'], ['E05.196.309.742', 'E05.196.822.950', 'G01.867.950', 'G02.965']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Predictive Factor of Conversion to Laparotomy in Minimally Invasive Surgical Staging for Endometrial Cancer.
|
OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to identify risk factors associated with laparotomy conversion during total laparoscopic hysterectomy for endometrial cancer.METHODS: This is a retrospective study examining endometrial cancer cases that underwent hysterectomy-based surgical staging initiated via conventional laparoscopic approach. Factors related to patient, tumor, and surgeon were examined to establish risk of laparotomy conversion using a multivariate logistic regression model.RESULTS: There were 251 cases identified including 30 cases (12.0%) of laparotomy conversion. The most common indication for laparotomy conversion was a large uterus (27.0%), followed by extensive adhesions (24.3%) and surgical complications (18.9%). Outcomes of cases resulting in laparotomy conversion include longer surgical time (333 vs 224 minutes, P < 0.001), larger blood loss (350 vs 100 mL, P < 0.001), longer hospital stay (4 vs 2 days, P < 0.001), and increased risk of hospital readmission (10% vs 1.4%, P = 0.024). In multivariate analysis, morbid obesity (odds ratio [OR], 4.51; P = 0.011), suboptimal pelvic examination or enlarged uterus during preoperative evaluation (OR, 3.55; P = 0.034), para-aortic lymphadenectomy (OR, 10.5; P = 0.001), uterine size 250 g or greater (OR, 3.49; P = 0.026), and extrauterine disease (OR, 4.68; P = 0.012) remained the independent predictors for laparotomy conversion. The following numbers of risk factors were significantly correlated with laparotomy-conversion rate: none, 1.1%; single risk factor, 5.3% (OR, 5.00; P = 0.15); double risk factors, 21.7% (OR, 24.9; P = 0.002); and triple or more risk factors, 50% (OR, 90.0; P < 0.001). Ultrasonographic 3-dimensional volumes of 496 cm in preoperative uterine size correlate with actual uterine weight of 250 g (Y = 61.5 + 0.38X, P < 0.001).CONCLUSIONS: Laparotomy conversion significantly impacts outcomes of patients with endometrial cancer. In this setting, our predictive model for laparotomy conversion will be useful to guide the surgical management of endometrial cancer.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Conversion to Open Surgery', 'Endometrial Neoplasms', 'Endometrium', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Laparotomy', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasm Staging', 'Retrospective Studies']
| 26,569,058
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E04.502.250.155'], ['C04.588.945.418.948.585', 'C13.351.500.852.762.200', 'C13.351.937.418.875.200'], ['A05.360.319.679.490'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E04.406'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.789.625'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
West Nile virus infection in a sun conure (Aratinga solstitialis).
|
A 2-year-old sun conure (Aratinga solstitialis) was examined because of acute lethargy and depression. Physical examination revealed severe weakness with ventroflexion of the head and neck and seizure episodes precipitated by handling. Empirical and supportive care was instituted, and serial diagnostic testing revealed no specific diagnosis or etiology. Antemortem test results for West Nile virus were negative. After 2 weeks of a deteriorating clinical condition, euthanasia was elected and necropsy was performed. Gross examination revealed no significant lesions; however, histologic examination of brain tissue revealed perivascular cuffing of mononuclear inflammatory cells in the cerebrum and mild perivascular, lymphocytic, and plasmacytic infiltrates scattered in the grey matter of the cervical spinal cord. Viral isolation of brain tissue was positive for West Nile virus.
|
['Animals', 'Bird Diseases', 'Cerebrum', 'Psittaciformes', 'West Nile Fever', 'West Nile virus']
| 19,014,098
|
[['B01.050'], ['C22.131'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287'], ['B01.050.150.900.248.710'], ['C01.207.245.340.300.887', 'C01.207.399.750.300.887', 'C01.920.500.343.950', 'C01.925.081.343.950', 'C01.925.182.525.300.850', 'C01.925.782.310.950', 'C01.925.782.350.250.900', 'C10.228.140.430.520.750.300.887', 'C10.228.228.245.340.300.887', 'C10.228.228.399.750.300.887'], ['B04.820.230.475.950', 'B04.820.578.344.350.300.950']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Abnormalities of growth in 7- to 18-year-old psychiatric patients.
|
The growth curves of all nonimmigrant school-age children living in one district of Malm?, Sweden and treated at the Department of Child and Youth Psychiatry during 1983 were investigated. The study group consisted of 40 children. Twenty-five of these children (63%) showed abnormal growth compared to 6 children (15%) with abnormal growth in an age-and sex-matched nonpsychiatric control population (p less than 0.001). A majority of the children with abnormal growth exhibited deviant growth within the first 4 years of life, usually several years before showing any psychiatric symptoms. These results, if borne out by additional studies, may have important clinical applications in the fields of developmental medicine and child psychiatry.
|
['Adolescent', 'Child', 'Female', 'Food', 'Growth Disorders', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Mental Disorders', 'Psychotic Disorders']
| 2,925,582
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.406'], ['G07.203.300', 'J02.500'], ['C23.550.393'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F03'], ['F03.700.675']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Minute lesions of esophageal cancer.
|
Fifty-four cases of minute esophageal cancer (1 cm or less in the greatest dimension) were collected and analyzed. Of these 67% were mucosal cancer and 28% were submucosal cancer. Prognosis was anticipated to be good as there was only one case of lymph node metastasis and three of vascular invasion. A lesion of 1 cm can be regarded as curable regardless of its depth of invasion. The endoscopic approach with use of a dye staining technique is useful for detection of or screening for minute esophageal cancer.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Carcinoma, Squamous Cell', 'Esophageal Neoplasms', 'Esophagoscopy', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged']
| 3,451,335
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['C04.557.470.200.400', 'C04.557.470.700.400'], ['C04.588.274.476.205', 'C04.588.443.353', 'C06.301.371.205', 'C06.405.117.430', 'C06.405.249.205'], ['E01.370.372.250.250.275', 'E01.370.388.250.250.250.260', 'E04.210.240.250.260', 'E04.502.250.250.250.260'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
A mechanistic individual-based model of the feeding processes for Oikopleura dioica.
|
A mechanistic physiological model of the appendicularian Oikopleura dioica has been built to represent its three feeding processes (filtration, ingestion and assimilation). The mathematical formulation of these processes is based on laboratory observations from the literature, and tests different hypotheses. This model accounts for house formation dynamics, the food storage capacity of the house and the gut throughput dynamics. The half-saturation coefficient for ingestion resulting from model simulations is approximately 28 [Formula: see text] and is independent of the weight of the organism. The maximum food intake for ingestion is also a property of the model and depends on the weight of the organism. Both are in accordance with data from the literature. The model also provides a realistic representation of carbon accumulation within the house. The modelled half-saturation coefficient for assimilation is approximately 15 [Formula: see text] and is also independent of the weight of the organism. Modelled gut throughput dynamics are based on faecal pellet formation by gut compaction. Model outputs showed that below a food concentration of 30 [Formula: see text], the faecal pellet weight should represent a lower proportion of the body weight of the organism, meaning that the faecal pellet formation is not driven by gut filling. Simulations using fluctuating environmental food availability show that food depletion is not immediately experienced by the organism but that it occurs after a lag time because of house and gut buffering abilities. This lag time duration lasts at least 30 minutes and can reach more than 2 hours, depending on when the food depletion occurs during the house lifespan.
|
['Animals', 'Computer Simulation', 'Eating', 'Feces', 'Feeding Behavior', 'Food', 'Intestinal Absorption', 'Models, Biological', 'Urochordata']
| 24,223,782
|
[['B01.050'], ['L01.224.160'], ['G07.203.650.283', 'G10.261.330'], ['A12.459'], ['F01.145.113.547', 'F01.145.407', 'G07.203.650.353'], ['G07.203.300', 'J02.500'], ['G03.015.500.374.500', 'G03.787.024.500.374.500', 'G07.203.650.372.500', 'G07.690.725.015.500.374.500', 'G10.261.353.500'], ['E05.599.395'], ['B01.050.150.200.727', 'B01.050.500.272.727']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Lasy-Seq: a high-throughput library preparation method for RNA-Seq and its application in the analysis of plant responses to fluctuating temperatures.
|
RNA-Seq is a whole-transcriptome analysis method used to research biological mechanisms and functions but its use in large-scale experiments is limited by its high cost and labour requirements. In this study, we have established a high-throughput and cost-effective RNA-Seq library preparation method that does not require mRNA enrichment. The method adds unique index sequences to samples during reverse transcription (RT) that is conducted at a higher temperature (?62 °C) to suppress RT of A-rich sequences in rRNA, and then pools all samples into a single tube. Both single-read and paired-end sequencing of libraries is enabled. We found that the pooled RT products contained large amounts of RNA, mainly rRNA, causing over-estimations of the quantity of DNA and unstable tagmentation results. Degradation of RNA before tagmentation was found to be necessary for the stable preparation of libraries. We named this protocol low-cost and easy RNA-Seq (Lasy-Seq) and used it to investigate temperature responses in Arabidopsis thaliana. We analysed how sub-ambient temperatures (10-30 °C) affected the plant transcriptomes using time-courses of RNA-Seq from plants grown in randomly fluctuating temperature conditions. Our results suggest that there are diverse mechanisms behind plant temperature responses at different time scales.
|
['Adaptation, Physiological', 'Arabidopsis', 'DNA, Plant', 'Gene Library', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'RNA, Messenger', 'RNA, Plant', 'RNA, Ribosomal', 'RNA-Seq', 'Reverse Transcription', 'Temperature', 'Transcriptome']
| 31,068,632
|
[['G07.025', 'G16.012.500'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.157.100'], ['D13.444.308.435'], ['G05.360.325'], ['E05.393.620.500'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['D13.444.735.635'], ['D13.444.735.686'], ['E05.393.332.250', 'E05.393.760.319.500', 'E05.393.760.710.500'], ['G02.111.873.500', 'G05.297.700.500'], ['G01.906.595', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710', 'G16.500.750.775.710', 'N06.230.150.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710'], ['G02.111.873.750', 'G05.297.700.750', 'G05.360.920']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
The state of infant oral healthcare knowledge and awareness: disparity among parents and healthcare professionals.
|
Provision of infant oral health (IOH) care is a challenging issue in the rural areas of our country due to lack of pedodontists and other dental workforces. To overcome these barriers it is essential to call the medical and other healthcare professionals to provide IOH care in joint collaboration with dental professionals. However, it is unclear to what extent these medical professionals are really aware of preventive strategies and to what extent they impart them. Thus, the present study was designed to begin from the grass-root levels, that is, assessing the baseline knowledge and awareness regarding IOH care among students (dental/medical) and parents (urban/rural). Variation of opinions with inconsistencies were obtained from both medical and/dental students and as well as from both the parental groups. This study calls for further research to evaluate the role of various factors involved in IOH care and to effectively educate all healthcare providers in this area.
|
['Attitude of Health Personnel', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Dental Care for Children', 'Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice', 'Humans', 'India', 'Infant', 'Minority Groups', 'Parents', 'Pediatric Dentistry', 'Preventive Dentistry', 'Rural Population', 'Students, Dental', 'Students, Medical', 'Surveys and Questionnaires']
| 19,414,973
|
[['F01.100.050', 'N05.300.100'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['E06.170.152', 'N02.421.240.190.215'], ['F01.100.150.500', 'N05.300.150.410'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.252.245.393'], ['M01.060.703'], ['I01.880.853.300'], ['F01.829.263.500.320', 'I01.880.853.150.500.340', 'M01.620'], ['H02.163.876.600'], ['E06.761', 'H02.163.721'], ['N01.600.725'], ['M01.848.769.519'], ['M01.848.769.602'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Prevalence of crowded optic discs in adult Chinese. The Beijing Eye Study.
|
BACKGROUND: To determine the prevalence of crowded optic discs and their associations with ocular and general parameters.METHODS: The Beijing Eye Study included 4,439 subjects out of 5,324 subjects invited to participate (response rate 83.4%) with an age of 40+ years. The present investigation consisted of 8,594 eyes (96.8%) of 4,324 subjects (97.4%) for whom readable fundus photographs of at least one eye were available. The main outcome parameter was the presence of crowded optic discs, defined as small discs with an unsharp and slightly prominent disc border without signs of pathology.RESULTS: Crowded optic discs were detected in 265 (3.1 +/- 0.2%) eyes of 168 subjects (84 women). The prevalence rate was 3.8% +/- 0.3% (95% confidence interval: 3.2%, 4.4%) per subject. Crowded optic discs were significantly associated with age (P < 0.05%) and disc size (P < 0.001). They were statistically not associated with gender (P = 0.08), intraocular pressure (P = 0.06), refractive error (P = 0.17), visual field defects (P = 0.53), and best corrected visual acuity (P = 0.57).CONCLUSIONS: Crowded optic discs are present in about 38 out of 1,000 adult Chinese in Northern China, with small optic discs as the main associated factor. These data may be helpful for the assessment of a risk for nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy.
|
['Adult', 'Age Factors', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Asian Continental Ancestry Group', 'China', 'Eye Abnormalities', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Intraocular Pressure', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Optic Disk', 'Prevalence', 'Visual Acuity', 'Visual Fields']
| 18,389,273
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['M01.686.508.200'], ['Z01.252.474.164'], ['C11.250', 'C16.131.384'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G14.440'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['A08.800.800.120.680.660', 'A09.371.729.690'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['E01.370.380.850.950', 'F02.463.593.932.901', 'G14.940'], ['F02.463.593.932.934', 'G14.950']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Retrieval of intraperitoneal Penrose drain under transvaginal endoscopic guidance.
|
BACKGROUND: One of the unfortunate complications associated with the use of Penrose drains is slipping down of the drain into the peritoneal cavity because of incomplete placement of skin sutures to secure the drain.CASE: A 49-year-old woman with the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage IIIc ovarian cancer underwent bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, total hysterectomy, partial omentectomy, and pelvic and para-aortic lymph nodes removal. On the third postoperative day, one of the Penrose drains slipped down, leaving it inside the patient. The intraperitoneal Penrose drain was successfully retrieved under endoscopic guidance through vaginal cut stump. She went home on the 9th day after the initial operation and started to receive postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy on the 17th day.CONCLUSION: The endoscopic-guided retrieval through vaginal cut stump of an intraperitoneal retained Penrose drain is an excellent option.
|
['Drainage', 'Endoscopy', 'Female', 'Foreign Bodies', 'Humans', 'Hysterectomy', 'Middle Aged', 'Ovarian Neoplasms', 'Ovariectomy']
| 16,542,713
|
[['E02.309', 'E04.237'], ['E01.370.388.250', 'E04.502.250'], ['C26.392'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E04.950.300.399'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04.588.322.455', 'C13.351.500.056.630.705', 'C13.351.937.418.685', 'C19.344.410', 'C19.391.630.705'], ['E04.270.282.685', 'E04.950.165.685', 'E04.950.300.680']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
A mechanistic investigation of the EDWARDS INTUITY Elite valve's hemodynamic performance.
|
OBJECTIVE: Rapid deployment surgical aortic valve replacement has emerged as an alternative to the contemporary sutured valve technique. A difference in transvalvular pressure has been observed clinically between RD-SAVR and contemporary SAVR. A mechanistic inquiry into the impact of the rapid deployment valve inflow frame design on the left ventricular outflow tract and valve hemodynamics is needed.METHODS: A 23 mm EDWARDS INTUITY Elite rapid deployment valve and a control contemporary, sutured valve, a 23 mm Magna Ease valve, were implanted in an explanted human heart by an experienced cardiac surgeon. Per convention, the rapid deployment valve was implanted with three non-pledgeted, simple guiding sutures, while fifteen pledgeted, mattress sutures were used to implant the contemporary surgical valve. In vitro flow models were created from micro-computed tomography scans of the implanted valves and surrounding cardiac anatomy. Particle image velocimetry and hydrodynamic characterization experiments were conducted in the vicinity of the valves in a validated pulsatile flow loop system.RESULTS: The rapid deployment and control valves were found to have mean transvalvular pressure gradients of 7.92 ± 0.37 and 10.13 ± 0.48 mmHg, respectively. The inflow frame of the rapid deployment valve formed a larger, more circular, left ventricular outflow tract compared to the control valve. Furthermore, it was found that the presence of the control valve's sub-annular pledgets compromised its velocity distribution and consequently its pressure gradient.CONCLUSIONS: The rapid deployment valve's intra-annular inflow frame provides for a larger, left ventricular outflow tract, thus reducing the transvalvular pressure gradient and improving overall hemodynamic performance.
|
['Aortic Valve', 'Aortic Valve Stenosis', 'Bioprosthesis', 'Heart Valve Prosthesis', 'Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation', 'Hemodynamics', 'Humans', 'Prosthesis Design', 'X-Ray Microtomography']
| 31,250,203
|
[['A07.541.510.110'], ['C14.280.484.048.750', 'C14.280.955.249'], ['E07.695.100'], ['E07.695.310'], ['E04.100.376.485', 'E04.650.410', 'E04.928.220.410'], ['G09.330.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.320.550', 'E07.695.680'], ['E01.370.350.700.810.810.900', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810.900']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The coated vesicle vacuolar (H+)-ATPase associates with and is phosphorylated by the 50-kDa polypeptide of the clathrin assembly protein AP-2.
|
We have previously noted a 50-kDa polypeptide (p50) co-purifying with preparations of the bovine brain clathrin-coated vesicle vacuolar (H+)-ATPase (V-ATPase) (Zhang, J., Myers, M., and Forgac, M. (1992) J. Biol. Chem. 267, 9773-9778). We show that p50 is also immunoprecipitated with the V-ATPase, further suggesting its specific association with the proton pump. To determine the identity of this 50-kDa polypeptide and the stoichiometry of its association with the V-ATPase, we performed N-terminal amino acid sequencing and quantitative amino acid analysis of the gel-purified protein. These results revealed the unknown polypeptide to be the 50-kDa subunit of the clathrin assembly protein AP-2 (AP50); we estimate the stoichiometry of association is one AP50 per V-ATPase complex. AP50 is an N-ethylmaleimide (NEM)-inhibitable autokinase and incubation of purified V-ATPase with [gamma-32P]ATP resulted in the NEM-sensitive phosphorylation of AP50 and the B subunit of the V-ATPase. The same phosphorylation pattern is seen if the labeling reaction is done with intact clathrin-coated vesicles and the V-ATPase subsequently immunoprecipitated from the solubilized vesicles. This represents the first report of phosphorylation of one of the V-ATPase subunits. The functional significance of this phosphorylation for regulation or targeting of the V-ATPase in vivo remains to be determined.
|
['Adaptor Protein Complex 2', 'Adaptor Protein Complex mu Subunits', 'Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport', 'Adenosine Triphosphate', 'Amino Acid Sequence', 'Animals', 'Brain', 'Cattle', 'Chromatography, Affinity', 'Coated Pits, Cell-Membrane', 'Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel', 'Ethylmaleimide', 'Macromolecular Substances', 'Molecular Weight', 'Phosphoproteins', 'Phosphorylation', 'Proton-Translocating ATPases', 'Vacuoles']
| 8,486,617
|
[['D12.776.543.990.150.200'], ['D12.776.543.990.150.500.500'], ['D12.776.543.990.150'], ['D03.633.100.759.646.138.236', 'D13.695.667.138.236', 'D13.695.827.068.236'], ['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['B01.050'], ['A08.186.211'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['E05.196.181.400.170'], ['A11.284.149.165.175'], ['E05.196.401.402', 'E05.301.300.319'], ['D02.241.081.337.502.524.418', 'D02.478.440.418', 'D03.383.129.578.399.418'], ['D05'], ['G02.494'], ['D12.776.744'], ['G02.111.665', 'G02.607.780', 'G03.796'], ['D08.811.277.040.025.325', 'D08.811.913.696.650.150.500', 'D12.776.157.530.450.250.875.500', 'D12.776.543.585.450.250.875.500'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.190.920']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Evidence for spinal conditioning in intact rats.
|
Prior work suggests that spinal systems are sensitive to the stimulus relationships that underlie Pavlovian conditioning. We studied this phenomenon in Sprague-Dawley rats by pairing a vibrotactile conditioned stimulus (CS) with a tailshock unconditioned stimulus (US). Experiment 1 showed that spinal rats exhibit differential conditioning, having longer tail-flick latencies on the tail-flick test during a CS that was paired with the US (conditioned antinociception). Experiment 2 showed that rats trained with the cord intact still exhibit differential conditioning after the cord is cut. This suggests that spinal learning contributes to behavioral plasticity in intact subjects.
|
['Animals', 'Association Learning', 'Behavior, Animal', 'Conditioning, Classical', 'Male', 'Random Allocation', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Spinal Cord', 'Stereotaxic Techniques', 'Touch', 'Vibration']
| 9,013,502
|
[['B01.050'], ['F02.463.425.069.296'], ['F01.145.113'], ['F02.463.425.179.308'], ['E05.318.370.700', 'E05.581.500.805', 'N05.715.360.325.675', 'N06.850.520.445.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['A08.186.854'], ['E04.525.800', 'E05.873'], ['F02.830.816.850', 'G11.561.790.850'], ['G01.374.930']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
An assessment of stigma and human right violations among men who have sex with men in Abuja, Nigeria.
|
BACKGROUND: There have been several barriers in effectively engaging men who have sex with men for STI/HIV prevention and treatment programming in Nigeria including social stigma, policies, and laws criminalizing same-sex practices. The objective of this study was to describe the human rights context for MSM in Abuja and characterize factors associated with having had a genital ulcer disease in the previous 12 months, a health outcome associated with increased risk of HIV acquisition and transmission.METHODS: A convenience sample of 297 men reporting ever having had anal intercourse with another man participated in the study in 2008. A structured survey instrument including sexual risk behaviour for STI/HIV, disclosure of sexual orientation, perceived and enacted human rights violations were performed. Descriptive and inferential data analyses were conducted using Stata11 software.RESULTS: 36% reported having been discriminated due to sexual orientation and 17% reported being afraid to walk the streets of their community. Enacted rights violations included 41% having been blackmailed, 36% been beaten, 13% been denied housing, and 11% been jailed due to sexual orientation. Having been blackmailed due to sexual orientation (aOR 3.40, 95%CI: 1.35-8.56) was significantly associated with reporting having had a genital ulcer in the last 12 months. Having been beaten due to sexual orientation (aOR 2.36, 95%CI:0.96-5.82) was moderately significantly associated with reporting having had a genital ulcer in the last 12 months.CONCLUSIONS: High levels of experienced stigma, discrimination and human rights violations among MSM in Abuja was reported, constituting structural risks that are linked to sexual risk behaviour for STI/HIV. Given data on the high prevalence and incidence of HIV among MSM in Abuja, these findings reinforce the need for structural interventions to mediate access to STI/HIV prevention and treatment services.
|
['Adult', 'Disclosure', 'HIV Infections', 'Homosexuality, Male', 'Human Rights', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Nigeria', 'Prevalence', 'Risk-Taking', 'Sexual Behavior', 'Sexually Transmitted Diseases', 'Social Stigma', 'Surveys and Questionnaires']
| 30,832,654
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['F01.829.401.046', 'I01.880.604.583.080.134', 'L01.143.335'], ['C01.221.250.875', 'C01.221.812.640.400', 'C01.778.640.400', 'C01.925.782.815.616.400', 'C01.925.813.400', 'C20.673.480'], ['F01.145.802.975.500.600', 'G08.686.867.500.600'], ['I01.880.604.473', 'N03.706.437'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.058.290.190.565'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['F01.145.722'], ['F01.145.802'], ['C01.221.812', 'C01.778', 'C12.294.668', 'C13.351.500.711', 'C23.550.291.531.937'], ['F01.145.813.840'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Quantitative analysis of Doppler waveform of hepatic veins for assessment of hepatic functional reserve.
|
BACKGROUND/AIMS: The Doppler waveform of hepatic veins in healthy humans is a triphasic waveform (two negative waves and one positive). Recent studies emphasize the role of Doppler ultrasonography in the evaluation of liver cirrhosis. The analysis of the Doppler waveform of hepatic veins might be a useful and non-invasive method to assess hepatic functional reserve and the amount of the liver to be excised.METHODOLOGY: In 30 patients scheduled for hepatectomy, we performed quantitative analysis of the Doppler waveform of hepatic veins and correlated the Pulsatility Index (PI) and Resistance Index (RI) with ICG clearance values and histologic findings of resected liver specimens in order to ascertain the clinical utility of this method.RESULTS: The mean (+/-SE) values of PI and RI were 1.31 +/- 0.10 and 0.82 +/- 0.03, respectively, and both values are diminished according to the severity of cirrhosis and very closely correlated with fibrosis of the liver-reflected hepatic consistency (PI: r = -0.611, p = 0.0010; RI: r = -0.647, p = 0.0005). They were also correlated with ICG clearance values to some extent, but several discrepant cases were observed. In four of the discrepant cases (ICGR15 < or = 10%, but PI and RI <mean values), less invasive resections were performed than preoperatively proposed.CONCLUSIONS: These results suggested the usefulness of the analysis of the Doppler waveform of hepatic veins as an easy, non-invasive and reliable method for determining hepatic functional reserve and the amount of the liver to be excised.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Carcinoma, Hepatocellular', 'Female', 'Fibrosis', 'Hepatectomy', 'Hepatic Veins', 'Humans', 'Liver', 'Liver Function Tests', 'Liver Neoplasms', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Necrosis', 'Prospective Studies', 'Pulsatile Flow', 'Ultrasonography, Doppler, Pulsed']
| 17,419,256
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C04.557.470.200.025.255', 'C04.588.274.623.160', 'C06.301.623.160', 'C06.552.697.160'], ['C23.550.355'], ['E04.210.556'], ['A07.015.908.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A03.620'], ['E01.370.372.460'], ['C04.588.274.623', 'C06.301.623', 'C06.552.697'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C23.550.717'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['G01.482.620', 'G09.330.380.630.555'], ['E01.370.350.850.850.860']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Distal radius osteotomy with intramedullary fixation for the treatment of Kienbock disease.
|
Symptomatic Kienbock disease with ulnar-negative variance is commonly treated with a distal radius shortening osteotomy. Traditionally, the osteotomy is stabilized using dorsal or volar plating. Use of an intramedullary implant to stabilize the osteotomy in the treatment of this condition is demonstrated in this article. In addition to changing the mechanical loading through the lunate, the technique also allows for core decompression the distal radial metaphyseal bone that may further help in restoring the vascularity to the lunate. The authors believe that this technique is a valuable method that demonstrates both clinical and technical improvements in the treatment of Kienbock disease.
|
['Adult', 'Bone Plates', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary', 'Humans', 'Internal Fixators', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Osteonecrosis', 'Osteotomy', 'Pain Measurement', 'Radiography', 'Radius', 'Range of Motion, Articular', 'Recovery of Function', 'Risk Assessment', 'Sampling Studies', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Wrist Joint']
| 22,913,997
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E07.695.370.374', 'E07.858.442.660.460.374', 'E07.858.690.725.460.374'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['E04.555.300.300.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E07.695.370', 'E07.858.442.660.460', 'E07.858.690.725.460'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C05.116.852', 'C23.550.717.732'], ['E04.555.580'], ['E01.370.600.550.324'], ['E01.370.350.700'], ['A02.835.232.087.090.700'], ['E01.370.600.700', 'G11.427.760'], ['G16.757'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.715', 'N04.452.871.715', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.690', 'N06.850.505.715', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.715'], ['E05.318.372.875', 'N05.715.360.330.875', 'N06.850.520.450.875'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['A02.835.583.405.930']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Sex Differences in Long-Term Mortality After Stroke in the INSTRUCT (INternational STRoke oUtComes sTudy): A Meta-Analysis of Individual Participant Data.
|
BACKGROUND: Women are reported to have greater mortality after stroke than men, but the reasons are uncertain. We examined sex differences in mortality at 1 and 5 years after stroke and identified factors contributing to these differences.METHODS AND RESULTS: Individual participant data for incident strokes were obtained from 13 population-based incidence studies conducted in Europe, Australasia, South America, and the Caribbean between 1987 and 2013. Data on sociodemographics, stroke-related factors, prestroke health, and 1- and 5-year survival were obtained. Poisson modeling was used to estimate the mortality rate ratio (MRR) for women compared with men at 1 year (13 studies) and 5 years (8 studies) after stroke. Study-specific adjusted MRRs were pooled to create a summary estimate using random-effects meta-analysis. Overall, 16 957 participants with first-ever stroke followed up at 1 year and 13 216 followed up to 5 years were included. Crude pooled mortality was greater for women than men at 1 year (MRR 1.35; 95% confidence interval, 1.24-1.47) and 5 years (MRR 1.24; 95% confidence interval, 1.12-1.38). However, these pooled sex differences were reversed after adjustment for confounding factors (1 year MRR, 0.81; 95% confidence interval, 0.72-0.92 and 5-year MRR, 0.76; 95% confidence interval, 0.65-0.89). Confounding factors included age, prestroke functional limitations, stroke severity, and history of atrial fibrillation.CONCLUSIONS: Greater mortality in women is mostly because of age but also stroke severity, atrial fibrillation, and prestroke functional limitations. Lower survival after stroke among the elderly is inevitable, but there may be opportunities for intervention, including better access to evidence-based care for cardiovascular and general health.
|
['Age Factors', 'Aged', 'Australasia', 'Caribbean Region', 'Europe', 'Female', 'Health Status Disparities', 'Humans', 'Incidence', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Odds Ratio', 'Prognosis', 'Risk Assessment', 'Risk Factors', 'Severity of Illness Index', 'Sex Factors', 'South America', 'Stroke', 'Time Factors']
| 28,228,454
|
[['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['Z01.678.100'], ['Z01.107.084'], ['Z01.542'], ['I01.240.425.675', 'N01.224.425.437', 'N06.850.505.400.425.675'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.375', 'N01.224.935.597.500', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.375', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.375'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.740.600.600', 'G17.680.500', 'N05.715.360.750.625.590', 'N06.850.520.830.600.600'], ['E01.789'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.715', 'N04.452.871.715', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.690', 'N06.850.505.715', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.715'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475.456.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.364.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.364.500'], ['N05.715.350.675', 'N06.850.490.875'], ['Z01.107.757'], ['C10.228.140.300.775', 'C14.907.253.855'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Beauty is in the belief of the beholder: cognitive influences on the neural response to facial attractiveness.
|
Judgments of facial attractiveness are central to decision-making in various domains, but little is known about the extent to which they are malleable. In this study, we used EEG/ERP methods to examine two novel influences on neural and subjective responses to facial attractiveness: an observer's expectation and repetition. In each trial of our task, participants viewed either an ordinary or attractive face. To alter expectations, the faces were preceded by a peer-rating that ostensibly reflected the overall attractiveness value assigned to that face by other individuals. To examine the impact of repetition, trials were presented twice throughout the experimental session. Results showed that participants' expectations about a person's attractiveness level powerfully altered both the neural response (i.e. the late positive potential; LPP) and self-reported attractiveness ratings. Intriguingly, repetition enhanced both the LPP and self-reported attractiveness as well. Exploratory analyses further suggested that both observer expectation and repetition modulated early neural responses (i.e. the early posterior negativity; EPN) elicited by facial attractiveness. Collectively, these results highlight novel influences on a core social judgment that underlies individuals' affective lives.
|
['Adolescent', 'Beauty', 'Brain', 'Cognition', 'Decision Making', 'Electroencephalography', 'Evoked Potentials', 'Face', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Judgment', 'Male', 'Self Report', 'Young Adult']
| 27,522,090
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['F02.463.785.477.304', 'K01.752.210.304'], ['A08.186.211'], ['F02.463.188'], ['F02.463.785.373'], ['E01.370.376.300', 'E01.370.405.245'], ['G07.265.216.500', 'G11.561.200.500'], ['A01.456.505'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F02.463.785.626'], ['E05.318.308.980.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.500'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Enhanced tolerance to drought and salt stresses in transgenic faba bean (Vicia faba L.) plants by heterologous expression of the PR10a gene from potato.
|
KEY MESSAGE: We report for the first time that expression of potato PR10a gene in faba bean causes enhanced tolerance to drought and salinity. Grain legumes such as soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill), pea (Pisum sativum L.) and faba bean (Vicia faba L.) are staple sources of protein for human and animal nutrition. Among grain legumes, faba bean is particularly sensitive to abiotic stress (in particular osmotic stress due to lack of water or enhanced soil salinity) and often suffers from severe yield losses. Many stress responsive genes have been reported with an effect on improving stress tolerance in model plants. Pathogenesis-related proteins are expressed by all plants in response to pathogen infection and, in many cases, in response to abiotic stresses as well. The PR10a gene isolated from the potato cultivar Desiree was selected for this study due to its role in enhancing salt and/or drought tolerance in potato, and transferred into faba bean cultivar Tattoo by Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation system based upon direct shoot regeneration after transformation of meristematic cells derived from embryo axes. The transgene was under the control of the constitutive mannopine synthase promoter (p-MAS) in a dicistronic binary vector, which also contained luciferase (Luc) gene as scorable marker linked by internal ribosome entry site elements. Fertile transgenic faba bean plants were recovered. Inheritance and expression of the foreign genes were demonstrated by PCR, RT-PCR, Southern blot and monitoring of Luciferase activity. Under drought condition, after withholding water for 3 weeks, the leaves of transgenic plants were still green, while non-transgenic plants (WT) wilted and turned brown. Twenty-four hours after re-watering, the leaves of transgenic plants remained green, while WT plants did not recover. Moreover, the transgenic lines displayed higher tolerance to NaCl stress. Our results suggested that introducing a novel PR10a gene into faba bean could be a promising approach to improve its drought and salt tolerance ability, and that MAS promoter is not only constitutive, but also wound-, auxin/cytokinin- as well as stress-inducible.
|
['Agrobacterium tumefaciens', 'Droughts', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Plant', 'Hydro-Lyases', 'Plant Proteins', 'Plants, Genetically Modified', 'Promoter Regions, Genetic', 'Salt Tolerance', 'Solanum tuberosum', 'Stress, Physiological', 'Vicia faba']
| 23,455,709
|
[['B03.440.400.425.700.024.050', 'B03.660.050.662.024.500'], ['G16.500.175.781', 'G16.500.750.775.154', 'N06.230.100.230.150'], ['G05.308.375'], ['D08.811.520.241.300'], ['D12.776.765'], ['B01.650.520', 'B05.620.600'], ['G02.111.570.080.689.675', 'G05.360.080.689.675', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.750.680'], ['G07.025.133.250', 'G07.775.813.500', 'G16.012.500.133.250'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.908.500.725.777'], ['G07.775'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.401.968.500']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Characterization the role of a UFC homolog, AtAuxRP3, in the regulation of Arabidopsis seedling growth and stress response.
|
Auxin is a well-known, crucial regulator of the entire plant lifecycle, not only orchestrating many aspects of plant growth and development, but also playing various roles in biotic and abiotic stress. This study reports the isolation and functional characterization of a DUF-966 domain-containing gene, At3g46110, re-named AtAuxRP3. AtAuxRP3 overexpression in Arabidopsis increased the levels of endogenous indole-3-acetic acid, enhanced expression of the auxin-responsive reporter DR5:GUS near the vegetative shoot apex, and led to ectopic activation of auxin signaling, including dysmorphic (narrow, asymmetric) rosette leaves, abnormal emergence of inflorescence, inhibition of primary root elongation and arrest of dark-grown hypocotyls. AtAuxRP3-OX lines also showed decreased tolerance to NaCl and osmotic stress during Arabidopsis seeds germination and young seedling growth. Genome-wide transcriptomic analysis showed AtAuxRP3-OX seedlings displayed increases in the expression of genes that group in a variety of developmental categories, while other downregulated genes were associated with stress responses. Our results provide evidence for a regulatory role of AtAuxRP3 in endogenous auxin levels, leaf development, and initiation of inflorescence stems early in reproductive development during Arabidopsis seedling growth.
|
['Arabidopsis', 'Arabidopsis Proteins', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Plant', 'Indoleacetic Acids', 'Membrane Proteins', 'Plant Growth Regulators', 'Plants, Genetically Modified', 'Seedlings', 'Signal Transduction']
| 31,207,460
|
[['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.157.100'], ['D12.776.765.149'], ['G05.308.375'], ['D03.066.288', 'D03.633.100.473.404'], ['D12.776.543'], ['D27.505.696.377.760'], ['B01.650.520', 'B05.620.600'], ['A18.550', 'B01.650.819'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Intermediate fibrosis staging in hepatitis C: a problem not overcome by optimal samples or pathologists' expertise.
|
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The prediction of intermediate stage of fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C represents a prognostic factor for disease progression. Studies evaluating biopsy performance in intermediate stage considering current patterns of liver samples and pathologists' variability are scarce. We aimed to evaluate the effect of optimal liver specimens (? 20 mm and/or ? 11 portal tracts) and pathologists' expertise on agreement for intermediate stage of fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C.MATERIAL AND METHODS: Guided biopsies with large TruCut needle were initially scored by four pathologists with different expertise in liver disease and posteriorly reviewed by a reference hepatopathologist to evaluate fibrosis agreement.RESULTS: Of the 255 biopsies initially selected, 240 met the criteria of an optimal fragment (mean length 24 ± 5 mm; 16 ± 6 portal tracts) and were considered for analysis. The overall agreement among all fibrosis stages was 77% (ê = 0.66); intraobserver and interobserver agreement was, respectively, 97% (k = 0.96) and 73% (ê = 0.60). Excluded samples (< 20 mm and < 11 portal tracts) presented a lower agreement (40%; ê = 0.24). Stratifying fibrosis stages, an interobserver agreement of 42% was found in intermediate stage (F2), ranging from 0 to 56% according to pathologists' expertise, compared to 97% in mild (F0-F1) and 72% in advanced fibrosis (? F3) (p < 0.001). Of the 23% misclassified cases, fibrosis understaging occurred in 82% of specimens, predominantly in F2, even when evaluated by a hepatopathologist.CONCLUSIONS: Liver biopsy presents intrinsic limitations to assess intermediate stage of fibrosis not overcome by optimal samples and experienced pathologists' analysis, and should not be considered the gold standard method to evaluate intermediate fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C.
|
['Biopsy, Needle', 'Clinical Competence', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Diagnostic Errors', 'Hepatitis C, Chronic', 'Humans', 'Liver', 'Liver Cirrhosis', 'Observer Variation', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Severity of Illness Index']
| 26,256,893
|
[['E01.370.225.500.384.100.119', 'E01.370.225.998.054.119', 'E01.370.388.100.100', 'E04.074.119', 'E04.665.100', 'E05.200.500.384.100.119', 'E05.200.998.054.119', 'E05.242.384.100.119'], ['I02.399.630.210', 'N04.761.210', 'N05.715.175'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['E01.354', 'N02.421.450.280'], ['C01.221.250.750.120', 'C01.925.440.440.120', 'C01.925.782.350.350.120', 'C06.552.380.350.120', 'C06.552.380.705.440.120'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A03.620'], ['C06.552.630', 'C23.550.355.412'], ['E01.354.753', 'N02.421.450.600', 'N05.715.350.150.675', 'N06.850.490.500.250'], ['E05.318.370.800.650', 'N05.715.360.325.700.640', 'N06.850.520.445.800.650'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475.456.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.364.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.364.500']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
TESE: generating specific protein structure test set ensembles.
|
UNLABELLED: TESE is a web server for the generation of test sets of protein sequences and structures fulfilling a number of different criteria. At least three different use cases can be envisaged: (i) benchmarking of novel methods; (ii) test sets tailored for special needs and (iii) extending available datasets. The CATH structure classification is used to control structural/sequence redundancy and a variety of structural quality parameters can be used to interactively select protein subsets with specific characteristics, e.g. all X-ray structures of alpha-helical repeat proteins with more than 120 residues and resolution <2.0 A. The output includes FASTA-formatted sequences, PDB files and a clickable HTML index file containing images of the selected proteins. Multiple subsets for cross-validation are also supported.AVAILABILITY: The TESE server is available for non-commercial use at URL: http://protein.bio.unipd.it/tese/.
|
['Computational Biology', 'Databases, Protein', 'Internet', 'Models, Molecular', 'Protein Conformation', 'Proteins']
| 18,796,478
|
[['H01.158.273.180', 'L01.313.124'], ['L01.313.500.750.300.188.400.300.750', 'L01.313.500.750.300.188.400.325.710', 'L01.470.750.750.300.750', 'L01.470.750.750.325.710'], ['L01.224.230.110.500'], ['E05.599.595'], ['G02.111.570.820.709'], ['D12.776']]
|
['Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Epidemiology of canine babesiosis in relation to the activity of Dermacentor reticulatus in southern Jura (France).
|
Dates of onset of canine babesiosis within a hyperendemic focus in France (Rhone Valley, south of Jura and north of the Alps) were compared to the seasonal population level of the adult stage of Dermacentor reticulatus over a 12-month period (December 1982-November 1983). Cases of babesiosis occurred in spring and fall when adult D. reticulatus were active. The fluctuations of the vector tick population and the onsets of canine babesiosis were also correlated with climatic changes: no tick activity or clinical cases of disease were detected in winter (low temperature) or in summer. The slight disparities observed between both distributions might be explained by various factors such as the development of immunity against the parasites, the intervals between tick bites and appearance of symptoms of the disease, or the asynchrony between different biotopes.
|
['Animals', 'Arachnid Vectors', 'Babesiosis', 'Dermacentor', 'Dog Diseases', 'Dogs', 'France', 'Seasons']
| 1,893,798
|
[['B01.050'], ['N06.850.335.188.100.100', 'N06.850.520.203.375.100.100'], ['C01.610.701.688.122', 'C01.610.752.075', 'C01.610.752.625.122', 'C01.920.930.182', 'C22.674.710.122'], ['B01.050.500.131.166.132.832.400.200'], ['C22.268'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.250.216.200'], ['Z01.542.286'], ['G01.910.645.661', 'G16.500.275.071.590', 'N06.230.300.100.250.525']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Stochastic simulations of mixed-lipid compartments: from self-assembling vesicles to self-producing protocells.
|
The computational platform ENVIRONMENT, developed to simulate stochastically reaction systems in varying compartmentalized conditions [Mavelli and Ruiz-Mirazo: Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 362:1789-1802, 2007; Physical Biology 7(3): 036002, 2010], is here applied to study the dynamic properties and stability of model protocells that start producing their own lipid molecules (e.g., phospholipids), which get inserted in previously self-assembled vesicles, made of precursor amphiphiles (e.g., fatty acids). Attention is mainly focused on the changes that this may provoke in the permeability of the compartment, as well as in its eventual osmotic robustness.
|
['Algorithms', 'Artificial Cells', 'Computational Biology', 'Computer Simulation', 'Cytoplasmic Vesicles', 'Kinetics', 'Lipids', 'Membrane Lipids', 'Models, Biological', 'Monte Carlo Method', 'Osmosis', 'Permeability', 'Phospholipids', 'Stochastic Processes']
| 21,431,610
|
[['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['J01.637.051.479.258', 'J01.637.087.500.254'], ['H01.158.273.180', 'L01.313.124'], ['L01.224.160'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.190'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['D10'], ['D10.570'], ['E05.599.395'], ['E05.318.740.525', 'L01.906.394.422', 'N05.715.360.750.540', 'N06.850.520.830.525'], ['G01.154.090.750', 'G02.111.655', 'G02.691', 'G02.723.495'], ['G02.723'], ['D10.570.755'], ['E05.318.740.996', 'G17.830', 'N05.715.360.750.770', 'N06.850.520.830.996']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Medical cost impact of intrathecal baclofen therapy for severe spasticity.
|
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the economic effects of intrathecal baclofen (ITB) for patients with severe spasticity based on costs of care before and after implantation of an intrathecal drug delivery system.MATERIALS AND METHODS: An actuarial projection of post-implant experience in the absence of ITB intervention was used to simulate a continued conventional medical management protocol (ITB-free) by assuming a reasonable trend rate based on health-care industry standards. Cost projections were developed over a 30-year time horizon at various reimplantation rates. The model was informed by retrospective analysis of commercial administrative claims data from 409 pediatric and adult spasticity patients who received a pump implant (ITB-experienced) within a 3-year service period (January 2006 to January 2009). Common indications associated with pump implant included multiple sclerosis (N = 124), cerebral palsy (N = 131), and spinal cord injury (N = 40).RESULTS: ITB was less costly than the conventional protocol over our baseline implantation cycle. Costs in the month of implant and in the year following were cumulatively $26,375 more than with the conventional protocol. However, ITB financial break-even occurs between the second and third years post-implant. The lifetime analysis indicates that savings for ITB are $8009 per patient per year compared with conventional therapy. Most of the savings are derived from reductions in inpatient admissions, physician office visits, and outpatient physiotherapy.CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that spasticity patients receiving ITB would expect to experience a reduction in cumulative future medical costs relative to anticipated costs in the absence of a pump implant. This finding complements the existing literature on the cost-effectiveness of ITB.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Age Distribution', 'Aged', 'Baclofen', 'Cost-Benefit Analysis', 'Databases, Factual', 'Drug Delivery Systems', 'Female', 'Health Care Costs', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Muscle Relaxants, Central', 'Muscle Spasticity', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Time Factors', 'Young Adult']
| 25,145,312
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['I01.240.050', 'N01.224.033', 'N06.850.505.400.050'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D02.241.081.114.500.350.100'], ['N03.219.151.125'], ['L01.313.500.750.300.188.400', 'L01.470.750.750'], ['E02.319.300'], ['N03.219.151.400', 'N05.300.375'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D27.505.696.510', 'D27.505.696.663.700.600', 'D27.505.954.427.525'], ['C05.651.512', 'C10.597.613.550.550', 'C23.888.592.608.550.550'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['G01.910.857'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Autism spectrum disorder, flea and tick medication, and adjustments for exposure misclassification: the CHARGE (CHildhood Autism Risks from Genetics and Environment) case-control study.
|
BACKGROUND: The environmental contribution to autism spectrum disorders (ASD) is largely unknown, but household pesticides are receiving increased attention. We examined associations between ASD and maternally-reported use of imidacloprid, a common flea and tick treatment for pets.METHODS: Bayesian logistic models were used to estimate the association between ASD and imidacloprid and to correct for potential differential exposure misclassification due to recall in a case control study of ASD.RESULTS: Our analytic dataset included complete information for 262 typically developing controls and 407 children with ASD. Compared with exposure among controls, the odds of prenatal imidacloprid exposure among children with ASD were slightly higher, with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.3 (95% Credible Interval [CrI] 0.78, 2.2). A susceptibility window analysis yielded higher ORs for exposures during pregnancy than for early life exposures, whereas limiting to frequent users of imidacloprid, the OR increased to 2.0 (95% CI 1.0, 3.9).CONCLUSIONS: Within plausible estimates of sensitivity and specificity, the association could result from exposure misclassification alone. The association between imidacloprid exposure and ASD warrants further investigation, and this work highlights the need for validation studies regarding prenatal exposures in ASD.
|
['Animals', 'Bayes Theorem', 'Bias', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Child Development Disorders, Pervasive', 'Child, Preschool', 'Environmental Exposure', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Imidazoles', 'Logistic Models', 'Male', 'Neonicotinoids', 'Nitro Compounds', 'Odds Ratio', 'Pesticides', 'Pregnancy', 'Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects', 'Research Design', 'Siphonaptera', 'Ticks', 'United States']
| 24,456,651
|
[['B01.050'], ['E05.318.740.600.200', 'N05.715.360.750.625.150', 'N06.850.520.830.600.200'], ['N05.715.350.150', 'N06.850.490.500'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['F03.625.164'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['N06.850.460.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D03.383.129.308'], ['E05.318.740.500.525', 'E05.318.740.600.800.450', 'E05.318.740.750.450', 'E05.599.835.875', 'N05.715.360.750.530.480', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.450', 'N05.715.360.750.695.470', 'N06.850.520.830.500.525', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.450', 'N06.850.520.830.750.450'], ['D03.383.464'], ['D02.640'], ['E05.318.740.600.600', 'G17.680.500', 'N05.715.360.750.625.590', 'N06.850.520.830.600.600'], ['D27.720.031.700', 'D27.888.723'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['C13.703.824.500'], ['E05.581.500', 'H01.770.644.728'], ['B01.050.500.131.617.720.500.500.968'], ['B01.050.500.131.166.132.832'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Multidimensional on-line screening for ligands to the alpha3beta4 neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor using an immobilized nicotinic receptor liquid chromatographic stationary phase.
|
The alpha3beta4 subtype of the neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subtype was immobilized on a liquid chromatographic support and the resulting column used for the rapid and direct on-line screening for nAChR ligands. A multidimensional chromatographic system was developed consisting of the immobilized receptor column (NR column) connected via a switching valve to a C(18) column that was, in turn, connected to a single quadrupole mass spectrometer. A mixture of 18 compounds, containing alpha3beta4 nAChR (7) and compounds that are not alpha3beta4 nAChR ligands (11), was injected onto the NR column. The mobile phase consisted of ammonium acetate (10 mM, pH 7.4)-methanol (95:5, v/v) and the flow-rate was 0.2 ml/min. For the first 8 min the eluent was directed to waste. At t=8 min, the switching valve was rotated and the NR column connected to the C(18) column. The eluent from the NR column was directed to the C(18) column for 12 min. At t=20 min, the switching valve was rotated and the NR column was disconnected from the C(18) column. The compounds trapped on the C(18) column were separated and eluted onto the mass spectrometer using a mobile phase of ammonium acetate (10 mM, pH 7.4)-methanol (40:60, v/v) at a flow-rate of 1.0 ml/min. Detection was accomplished using total ion monitoring. The multidimensional system correctly isolated six of the seven alpha3beta4 nAChR ligands and only one of the 11 non-ligands was found with the alpha3beta4 nAChR ligands. The results indicate that the multidimensional liquid chromatographic system can be used for the on-line screening of chemical mixtures for alpha3beta4 nAChR ligands.
|
['Chromatography, Liquid', 'Ligands', 'Mass Spectrometry', 'Receptors, Nicotinic']
| 12,016,027
|
[['E05.196.181.400'], ['D27.720.470.480'], ['E05.196.566'], ['D12.776.157.530.400.400.100.500', 'D12.776.543.550.450.500.100.500', 'D12.776.543.585.400.500.100.500', 'D12.776.543.750.130.687', 'D12.776.543.750.720.360.550']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Small choroidal melanoma with massive extraocular extension: invasion through posterior scleral emissary channels.
|
Massive orbital extension arising from a small posterior pole uveal melanoma is rare. A 75-year-old male followed for an asymptomatic choroidal nevus developed a two and a half month history of mild decrease in visual acuity. Upon clinical examination minimal enlargement of the tumor with surrounding serous retinal detachment was observed. Pre-operative magnetic resonance imaging disclosed massive extrascleral extension. Histopathology revealed that the tumor was composed of spindle B malignant melanoma cells. Multiple serial sections of the entire tumor area failed to demonstrate permeation through scleral lamellae. Instead, peripapillary perivascular short posterior ciliary vessel invasion was observed. This route of dissemination may explain the rapid growth and clinically undocumented behavior of small malignant melanomas at this location.
|
['Aged', 'Choroid Neoplasms', 'Eye Enucleation', 'Humans', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Melanoma', 'Neoplasm Invasiveness', 'Orbit', 'Orbital Neoplasms', 'Radiography', 'Radiotherapy, Adjuvant', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 12,678,398
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['C04.588.364.978.223', 'C11.319.494.198', 'C11.941.160.238', 'C11.941.855.198'], ['E04.540.429'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['C04.557.465.625.650.510', 'C04.557.580.625.650.510', 'C04.557.665.510'], ['C04.697.645', 'C23.550.727.645'], ['A02.835.232.781.324.690'], ['C04.588.149.721.656', 'C04.588.364.659', 'C05.116.231.754.659', 'C11.319.457', 'C11.675.659'], ['E01.370.350.700'], ['E02.186.775', 'E02.815.600'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome and Outcomes in Intracerebral Hemorrhage.
|
BACKGROUND: To identify the patients at greatest odds for systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and examine the association between SIRS and outcomes in patients presenting with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH).METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed consecutive patients presenting to a tertiary care center from 2008 to 2013 with ICH. SIRS was defined according to standard criteria as 2 or more of the following: (1) body temperature <36 or >38 °C, (2) heart rate >90 beats per minute, (3) respiratory rate >20, or (4) white blood cell count <4000/mm(3) or >12,000/mm(3) or >10 % polymorphonuclear leukocytes for >24 h in the absence of infection. The outcomes of interest, discharge modified Rankin Scale (mRS 4-6), death, and poor discharge disposition (discharge anywhere but home or inpatient rehab) were assessed using logistic regression.RESULTS: A total of 249 ICH patients met inclusion criteria and 53 (21.3 %) developed SIRS during their hospital stay. A score was developed (ranging from 0 to 3) to identify patients at greatest risk for developing SIRS. Adjusting for stroke severity, SIRS was associated with mRS 4-6 (OR 5.25, 95 %CI 2.09-13.2) and poor discharge disposition (OR 3.74, 95 %CI 1.58-4.83) but was not significantly associated with death (OR 1.75, 95 %CI 0.58-5.32). We found that 33 % of the effect of ICH score on poor functional outcome at discharge was explained by the development of SIRS in the hospital (Sobel 2.11, p = 0.03).CONCLUSION: We observed that approximately 20 % of patients with ICH develop SIRS, and that patients with SIRS were at increased risk of having poor functional outcome at discharge.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Cerebral Hemorrhage', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Outcome Assessment, Health Care', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome', 'Young Adult']
| 26,920,909
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['C10.228.140.300.535.200', 'C14.907.253.573.200', 'C23.550.414.913.100'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['H01.770.644.145.431', 'N04.761.559.590', 'N05.715.360.575.575'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['C23.550.470.790', 'C23.550.835.900'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Bt crops: predicting effects of escaped transgenes on the fitness of wild plants and their herbivores.
|
One prominent concern about genetically modified crops is the possibility of environmental impacts from the movement of fitness-enhancing traits to wild plant populations. Decisions to deregulate Bt crops in the USA have relied strongly on arguments that these crops will not interbreed with wild relatives in the permitted growing regions. Limited attention therefore has been directed to analyses of the consequences of gene flow. To provide a transparent evaluation process for risks associated with insecticidal transgene escape, we crafted a series of questions designed to guide this aspect of the risk assessment. We then explored the current knowledge base available for answering such risk-related questions for three Bt crops (cotton, rapeseed, and rice). First, we generated a list of wild relatives of these crops. A definitive list of potential transgene recipients is not yet possible for some crops. Sufficient data are not available for some crops to eliminate certain related plant species from consideration of fertile hybrid formation, thus making lists for these crops subject to speculation. Second, we queried the HOSTS database (UK) to obtain a worldwide listing of lepidopteran species that feed on these crops and their wild relatives, and to determine the host range of the larvae. To our knowledge, this list of 502 lepidopteran species is the first such list published for these crops and wild crop relatives. Third, we used a data set maintained by the Canadian Forest Service to assess Bt toxin susceptibility for these lepidopterans. Only 3% of those species have been tested for susceptibility; and the literature suggests that generalizations about susceptibility among taxa are difficult due to the variability within families. Fourth, we consulted the literature to interpret what is known about the ability of lepidopterans to regulate plant fitness or invasiveness. We could not eliminate the possibility of ecological release due to plant resistance against lepidopterans. In fact, there is strong experimental evidence that lepidopteran herbivores do limit the distribution and/or abundances of at least some wild plant species. Neither could we eliminate the possibility that non-target lepidopterans might have important functions in the ecosystem as pollinators or alternate hosts to natural enemies of pest species. This study suggests that crucial data are lacking for the development of a credible scientific basis to confirm or deny environmental risks associated with the escape of Bt transgene constructs to wild relatives. Given the absence of information on the identity, level of susceptibility, and ecological roles of lepidopterans exploiting specific wild relatives of Bt crops, we suggest that new efforts be directed to assessing possible consequences of lepidopteran mortality on resistant wild relatives.
|
['Animals', 'Bacillus thuringiensis', 'Bacterial Toxins', 'Biological Evolution', 'Databases, Factual', 'Ecology', 'Forecasting', 'Insect Control', 'Lepidoptera', 'Models, Theoretical', 'Plants, Edible', 'Plants, Genetically Modified', 'Risk Assessment', 'Safety']
| 15,612,280
|
[['B01.050'], ['B03.300.390.400.158.218.800', 'B03.353.500.100.218.800', 'B03.510.100.100.218.800', 'B03.510.415.400.158.218.800', 'B03.510.460.410.158.218.800'], ['D23.946.123'], ['G05.045', 'G16.075'], ['L01.313.500.750.300.188.400', 'L01.470.750.750'], ['H01.158.273.248', 'H01.277.249'], ['I01.320'], ['N06.850.780.200.650.425'], ['B01.050.500.131.617.720.500.500.937'], ['E05.599'], ['B01.650.510'], ['B01.650.520', 'B05.620.600'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.715', 'N04.452.871.715', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.690', 'N06.850.505.715', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.715'], ['N06.850.135.060.075']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Factors shaping the confocal image of the calcium spark in cardiac muscle cells.
|
The interpretation of confocal line-scan images of local [Ca2+]i transients (such as Ca2+ sparks in cardiac muscle) is complicated by uncertainties in the position of the origin of the Ca2+ spark (relative to the scan line) and by the dynamics of Ca(2+)-dye interactions. An investigation of the effects of these complications modeled the release, diffusion, binding, and uptake of Ca2+ in cardiac cells (producing a theoretical Ca2+ spark) and image formation in a confocal microscope (after measurement of its point-spread function) and simulated line-scan images of a theoretical Ca2+ spark (when it was viewed from all possible positions relative to the scan line). In line-scan images, Ca2+ sparks that arose in a different optical section or with the site of origin displaced laterally from the scan line appeared attenuated, whereas their rise times slowed down only slightly. These results indicate that even if all Ca2+ sparks are perfectly identical events, except for their site of origin, there will be an apparent variation in the amplitude and other characteristics of Ca2+ sparks as measured from confocal line-scan images. The frequency distributions of the kinetic parameters (i.e., peak amplitude, rise time, fall time) of Ca2+ sparks were calculated for repetitive registration of stereotyped Ca2+ sparks in two experimental situations: 1) random position of the scan line relative to possible SR Ca(2+)-release sites and 2) fixed position of the scan line going through a set of possible SR Ca(2+)-release sites. The effects of noise were incorporated into the model, and a visibility function was proposed to account for the subjective factors that may be involved in the evaluation of Ca(2+)-spark image parameters from noisy experimental recordings. The mean value of the resulting amplitude distributions underestimates the brightness of in-focus Ca2+ sparks because large numbers of out-of-focus Ca2+ sparks are detected (as small Ca2+ sparks). The distribution of peak amplitudes may split into more than one subpopulation even when one is viewing stereotyped Ca2+ sparks because of the discrete locations of possible SR Ca(2+)-release sites in mammalian ventricular heart cells.
|
['Animals', 'Calcium', 'Computer Simulation', 'Heart Ventricles', 'Kinetics', 'Mammals', 'Microscopy, Confocal', 'Models, Cardiovascular', 'Models, Theoretical', 'Myocardium', 'Sarcoplasmic Reticulum', 'Time Factors']
| 8,968,567
|
[['B01.050'], ['D01.268.552.100', 'D01.552.539.288', 'D23.119.100'], ['L01.224.160'], ['A07.541.560'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['B01.050.150.900.649'], ['E01.370.350.515.395', 'E05.595.395'], ['E05.599.395.161'], ['E05.599'], ['A02.633.580', 'A07.541.704', 'A10.690.552.750'], ['A10.690.552.500.500.850', 'A11.284.430.214.190.875.248.310.800'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Wild-type p53 gene transfer inhibits neointima formation in human saphenous vein by modulation of smooth muscle cell migration and induction of apoptosis.
|
Patency of autologous human saphenous vein coronary artery bypass grafts (CABG) is compromised by intimal thickening and superimposed atherosclerosis, caused by migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (SMC) to the intima where they proliferate. Here, using adenoviral transfer, we have targeted SMCs using wild-type p53 (wt p53) overexpression. Initial in vitro analyses demonstrated that wt p53 overexpression had no effect on SMC proliferation but promoted apoptosis, which was inhibited by co-expression of bcl2 or crmA. Wt p53 inhibited SMC invasion through reconstituted matrices, a phenotype not affected by bcl2 or crmA. Overexpression of wt p53 in human saphenous vein before organ culture significantly induced apoptosis (P < 0.01, Student's t test) without affecting proliferation rates either in the media or in the intima. SMC migration was, however, significantly reduced by wt p53 (P < 0.01, Student's t test). Intimal thickening and the number of neointimal cells were reduced by 89% and 73%, respectively, after 14 days (P < 0.01 and P < 0.001, respectively, Student's t test). This study demonstrates that overexpression of wt p53 promotes apoptosis and inhibits migration of SMC leading to reduced intimal thickening. This maybe a useful approach for increasing patency rates in CABG procedures in the clinic.
|
['Adenoviridae', 'Apoptosis', 'Cell Division', 'Cell Movement', 'Coronary Artery Bypass', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Gene Transfer Techniques', 'Genes, p53', 'Genetic Therapy', 'Genetic Vectors', 'Humans', 'Muscle, Smooth, Vascular', 'Organ Culture Techniques', 'Saphenous Vein', 'Tumor Suppressor Protein p53', 'Tunica Intima', 'Vascular Patency']
| 11,406,761
|
[['B04.280.030'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['G04.144.220', 'G04.161.750.500', 'G05.113', 'G07.345.249.410.750.500'], ['G04.198', 'G07.568.500.180'], ['E04.100.376.719.332', 'E04.100.814.868.750', 'E04.928.220.520.220'], ['G05.308'], ['E05.393.350'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.375.249.385', 'G05.360.340.024.340.415.400.385'], ['E02.095.301', 'E05.393.420.301'], ['G05.360.337'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A02.633.570.491', 'A07.015.733.500', 'A10.690.467.491'], ['E05.481.500.484'], ['A07.015.908.819'], ['D12.776.157.687.650', 'D12.776.260.820', 'D12.776.624.776.775', 'D12.776.660.720.650', 'D12.776.744.845'], ['A07.015.700'], ['G09.330.920']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Reduced E-Cadherin and Aberrant â-Catenin Expression are Associated With Advanced Disease in Signet-Ring Cell Carcinomas.
|
Signet-ring cell carcinomas (SRCCs) tend to present at higher stages and thus are generally associated with a worse prognosis. It has been postulated that a deficiency of E-cadherin may be causal in the pathogenesis of SRCC in animal models. In this study, we systemically analyzed the expression of E-cadherin and â-catenin, a key component of the cadherin complex, in 137 consecutive SRCCs of various organ systems to explore the significance of these molecules in the pathogenesis and progression of SRCCs. Seventy-six percent of SRCCs showed loss or reduced E-cadherin expression. Aberrant â-catenin expression, defined as loss of membranous expression and nuclear/cytoplasmic subcellular localization, was observed in 60% of these cases, with the altered â-catenin expression observed most commonly in the breast (93%) and least in the lung (38%) primaries. Further, the aberrant â-catenin was significantly associated with pathologic nodal stage (P=0.002) and clinical stage (P=0.02). Our findings demonstrated that reduced membranous E-cadherin and aberrant â-catenin expression were frequent events in SRCCs of various organs, and that the altered â-catenin expression was significantly associated with advanced disease. The observations further support the importance of these molecules in the pathogenesis of SRCCs, and indicate the fundamental role of the Wnt/â-catenin signaling pathway in the progression of these tumors. Further investigations of the downstream molecules in this cascade may provide potential novel therapeutic targets for this aggressive tumor type.
|
['Cadherins', 'Carcinoma, Signet Ring Cell', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'beta Catenin']
| 26,808,130
|
[['D12.776.395.550.200.200', 'D12.776.543.550.200.200', 'D23.050.301.350.200'], ['C04.557.470.200.025.415', 'C04.557.470.590.415'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D12.776.091.249', 'D12.776.220.145.500', 'D12.776.930.130']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Isoflurane alone versus small dose propofol with isoflurane for removal of laryngeal mask airway in children-a randomized controlled trial.
|
OBJECTIVE: To compare the safety of laryngeal mask airway removal using two different deep anaesthesia techniques in paediatric patients.METHODS: The Randomized Control Trial was conducted at Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, from April 2012 to November 2013, and comprised patients aged 2-10 years scheduled for infraumbilical surgeries. Anaesthesia was induced with sevoflurane and later it was maintained by is oflurane, oxygen and nitrous oxide. The laryngeal mask airway was removed in the intervention group-I at 0.4 minimum alveolar concentration of isoflurane with propofol 1mg/kg. In the control group-II, it was removed at 1.2 minimum alveolar concentration of isoflurane alone. SPSS 19 was used for data analysis.RESULTS: Of the 50 patients, there were 25(50%) in each of the two groups. Overall, there were 46(92%) males and 4(8%) females. Incidence of airway obstruction and teeth clenching was significantly higher in group-II (p<0.05 each). Emergence duration was also significantly increased in group-II compared to group-I (p=0.001). The Post-Anaesthesia Care Unit stay timing was not significantly different between the groups (p=0.74).CONCLUSIONS: Laryngeal mask airway removal under deep anaesthetic technique of low-dose propofol with isoflurane was found to be associated with minimal adverse airway events than isoflurane alone in paediatric patients.
|
['Airway Extubation', 'Anesthesia, General', 'Anesthetics, General', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Isoflurane', 'Laryngeal Masks', 'Male', 'Pakistan', 'Propofol']
| 31,740,862
|
[['E02.041.249', 'E05.008'], ['E03.155.197'], ['D27.505.696.277.100.035', 'D27.505.954.427.210.100.035'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D02.355.601.570'], ['E02.041.500.475', 'E02.585.578.475', 'E05.497.578.475', 'E07.700.500.450', 'J01.637.708.560.782.450'], ['Z01.252.245.723'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.657.773']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
|
CD49d and CD26 are independent prognostic markers for disease progression in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia.
|
CLL is characterized by extremely variable clinical course. Several prognostic factors can predict disease progression and therapeutic outcomes in those patients. The aim was to evaluate the use of CD49d and CD26 as independent prognostic markers in CLL patients. The present study measured surface expression of CD49d and CD26 by three-color flow cytometry in a series of 103 untreated CLL patients. We evaluated the prognostic role of CD49d and CD26 to predict the risk of lymphocyte doubling, disease progression and overall survival. We confirmed that CD49d and CD26 were significant predictors of lymphocyte doubling(P<0.001 for both markers) and disease progression (P<0.001 for both markers) but insignificant for overall survival(P=0.303 and 0.519 respectively. Multivariate analysis between clinical parameters and flow cytometry markers revealed that CD49d and CD26 are independent prognostic markers for lymphocyte doubling (HR=1.487 P=007 and HR=2.248, P=0.014 respectively) and progression to a more advanced stage (HR=3.191, P=0.049 and HR=7.887, P=0.003). Also, concordant expression of both markers was found to improve their predictive power. Many studies reported that CD49d and CD26 combined analysis was found to improve their power to predict the risk of lymphocyte doubling and disease progression. CD49d and CD26 have independent prognostic value and we suggest its use as a part of routine panel for prognostic stratification of CLL.
|
['ADP-ribosyl Cyclase 1', 'Aged', 'Biomarkers, Tumor', 'Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4', 'Disease Progression', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Immunophenotyping', 'Integrin alpha4', 'Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasm Staging', 'Patient Outcome Assessment', 'Prognosis', 'ZAP-70 Protein-Tyrosine Kinase']
| 26,142,332
|
[['D08.811.277.450.430.400.060.500', 'D12.776.543.550.045'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D23.101.140'], ['D08.811.277.656.350.350.126', 'D08.811.277.656.959.250', 'D23.050.301.264.894.160', 'D23.101.100.894.160'], ['C23.550.291.656'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.812.447', 'E05.200.812.447', 'E05.478.594.450'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.408.100.450'], ['C04.557.337.428.080.125', 'C15.604.515.560.080.125', 'C20.683.515.528.080.125'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.789.625'], ['N04.761.559.590.399', 'N05.715.360.575.575.399'], ['E01.789'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.900', 'D12.776.476.950']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Pyrone glycosides from Acosmium panamense (Benth.) Yacovlev.
|
Besides caffeic acid three pyrones have been isolated from aquous bark extracts from Acosmium panamense and their structures were determined using spectroscopical methods. Besides the already described desmethylyangonine its O4'-mono as well as the di(1-6)glucoside are found the first time.
|
['Fabaceae', 'Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry', 'Glycosides', 'Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy', 'Molecular Conformation', 'Molecular Structure', 'Plant Stems', 'Pyrones']
| 14,577,622
|
[['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.401'], ['E05.196.181.349.500', 'E05.196.566.500'], ['D09.408'], ['E05.196.867.519'], ['G02.111.570.820'], ['G02.111.570', 'G02.466'], ['A18.024.937'], ['D03.383.663.718']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[A new sedation technique with propofol during spinal anesthesia].
|
We compared our new sedation technique with propofol during spinal anesthesia (Group B, n = 50) with a previously described method by Mackenzie et al. (Group A, n = 20). In Group A, propofol was started at a rate of 6 mg.kg-1.h-1 for 10 minutes, followed by continuous infusion at a rate of 4 mg.kg-1.h-1 till the end of surgery. In Group B, propofol 0.4 mg.kg-1 was administered by a bolus injection at the beginning. One-hundred and fifty minutes after the first injection, propofol 0.2 mg.kg-1 was added. The third dose of 0.1 mg.kg-1 of propofol was given 150 seconds after the second dose, followed by continuous infusion at a rate of 4 mg.kg-1.h-1 till the end of surgery. When adequate sedation was not obtained in Group B, propofol 0.1 mg.kg-1 was added by bolus fashion occasionally. In Group A, it took 9 min. 29 sec. to complete adequate sedation assessed by Mackenzie and Grant's sedation score. On the other hand, in Group B, it was 7 min. 27 sec. (P < 0.05 compared with Group A). There was neither excitation nor movement during sedation in Group B, while 5 patients experienced such events in Group A. The blood concentrations of propofol in Group B was 0.946 +/- 0.076 microgram.ml-1 and 0.693 +/- 0.136 microgram.ml-1 at 5 minutes and 10 minutes after the beginning of propofol, respectively. These values were significantly lower than those reported by Kugimiya. Our newly developed method for sedation with propofol during spinal anesthesia would be safer and more effective than that previously described by Mackenzie et al.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Anesthesia, Spinal', 'Conscious Sedation', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hypnotics and Sedatives', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Propofol', 'Time Factors']
| 10,933,024
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['E03.155.086.331'], ['E03.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D27.505.696.277.350', 'D27.505.954.427.210.350'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.657.773'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Preoperative management for tricuspid regurgitation in hypoplastic left heart syndrome.
|
BACKGROUND: Tricuspid regurgitation (TR) is an important finding in hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS). The aim of the present study was to investigate changes in the degree of TR after the preoperative management of HLHS with mechanical ventilation, and whether the improvement of TR under preoperative management would affect the short-term prognosis of Norwood operation.METHODS: Clinical and echocardiographic data of 55 patients with HLHS who underwent preoperative echocardiography and management at Department of Pediatrics, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine and Dentistry, were retrospectively reviewed. Preoperative management with mechanical ventilation was performed in 31 of these patients. Based on echocardiography the 55 patients were divided into a trivial-mild TR group (group A) and a moderate-severe TR group (group B).RESULTS: After preoperative management, TR improved in six of the 31 patients and was unchanged in 25; in five of the nine group B patients, TR before management improved to the level of group A after management. In-hospital deaths after surgery included 17 of the 48 patients in group A and five of the six in group B, but there was only one death in the five patients for whom TR improved from group B to group A level.CONCLUSION: Preoperative management of HLHS resulted in an improvement in the degree of TR. The short-term prognosis was better for the patients in group A than those in group B, and so preoperative management is useful for HLHS patients, especially those with moderate or severe TR at admission, with the exception of severe dysplasia of tricuspid valve.
|
['Cardiac Surgical Procedures', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome', 'Infant', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Male', 'Prognosis', 'Respiration, Artificial', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Tricuspid Valve Insufficiency', 'Ultrasonography']
| 19,419,498
|
[['E04.100.376', 'E04.928.220'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C14.240.400.625', 'C14.280.400.625', 'C16.131.240.400.625'], ['M01.060.703'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['E01.789'], ['E02.041.625', 'E02.365.647.729', 'E02.880.820'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['C14.280.484.856'], ['E01.370.350.850']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Bone marrow adipocytes promote tumor growth in bone via FABP4-dependent mechanisms.
|
Incidence of skeletal metastases and death from prostate cancer greatly increases with age and obesity, conditions which increase marrow adiposity. Bone marrow adipocytes are metabolically active components of bone metastatic niche that modulate the function of neighboring cells; yet the mechanisms of their involvement in tumor behavior in bone have not been explored. In this study, using experimental models of intraosseous tumor growth and diet-induced obesity, we demonstrate the promoting effects of marrow fat on growth and progression of skeletal prostate tumors. We reveal that exposure to lipids supplied by marrow adipocytes induces expression of lipid chaperone FABP4, pro-inflammatory interleukin IL-1â, and oxidative stress protein HMOX-1 in metastatic tumor cells and stimulates their growth and invasiveness. We show that FABP4 is highly overexpressed in prostate skeletal tumors from obese mice and in bone metastasis samples from prostate cancer patients. In addition, we provide results suggestive of bi-directional interaction between FABP4 and PPARã pathways that may be driving aggressive tumor cell behavior in bone. Together, our data provide evidence for functional relationship between bone marrow adiposity and metastatic prostate cancers and unravel the FABP4/IL-1â axis as a potential therapeutic target for this presently incurable disease.
|
['Adipocytes', 'Animals', 'Bone Marrow', 'Bone Neoplasms', 'Cell Growth Processes', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins', 'Humans', 'Interleukin-1beta', 'Male', 'Mice', 'PPAR gamma', 'Prostatic Neoplasms', 'Transfection', 'Tumor Cells, Cultured', 'Up-Regulation']
| 24,240,026
|
[['A11.329.114'], ['B01.050'], ['A15.382.216'], ['C04.588.149', 'C05.116.231'], ['G04.161', 'G07.345.249.410'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['D12.776.157.170'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.010.600', 'D12.644.276.374.500.400.600', 'D12.776.467.374.465.010.600', 'D12.776.467.374.500.400.600', 'D23.529.374.465.131.600', 'D23.529.374.500.400.600'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['D12.776.826.239.588'], ['C04.588.945.440.770', 'C12.294.260.750', 'C12.294.565.625', 'C12.758.409.750'], ['E05.393.350.810', 'G05.728.860'], ['A11.251.860'], ['G02.111.905', 'G05.308.850', 'G07.690.773.998']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Cell stimulation with optically manipulated microsources.
|
Molecular gradients are important for various biological processes including the polarization of tissues and cells during embryogenesis and chemotaxis. Investigations of these phenomena require control over the chemical microenvironment of cells. We present a technique to set up molecular concentration patterns that are chemically, spatially and temporally flexible. Our strategy uses optically manipulated microsources, which steadily release molecules. Our technique enables the control of molecular concentrations over length scales down to about 1 microm and timescales from fractions of a second to an hour. We demonstrate this technique by manipulating the motility of single human neutrophils. We induced directed cell polarization and migration with microsources loaded with the chemoattractant formyl-methionine-leucine-phenylalanine. Furthermore, we triggered highly localized retraction of lamellipodia and redirection of polarization and migration with microsources releasing cytochalasin D, an inhibitor of actin polymerization.
|
['Cell Movement', 'Cell Polarity', 'Humans', 'N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine', 'Neutrophils', 'Optics and Photonics']
| 19,915,561
|
[['G04.198', 'G07.568.500.180'], ['G04.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D02.886.030.676.450.440', 'D12.125.072.050.685.445', 'D12.125.142.666.500', 'D12.125.166.676.450.440', 'D12.644.456.400', 'D23.125.685'], ['A11.118.637.415.583', 'A11.627.340.583', 'A11.733.689', 'A15.145.229.637.415.583', 'A15.382.490.315.583', 'A15.382.680.689'], ['H01.671.617', 'J01.293.688']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
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