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A non-invasive computerized measurement of motor neurone refractory period and subnormal conduction in man.
|
A computer-assisted method is described which allows the non-invasive measurement of excitability and conduction velocity during the relative refractory period of alpha motor fibres in peripheral nerves. The method is based on a collision technique combined with a correlation analysis of the compound muscle potential. Using this procedure, the recovery in excitability and conduction velocity succeeding the absolute refractory period was measured in 13 normal subjects. In all subjects a period of subnormal conduction followed by a period of supernormal conduction was observed. The first fibres recovered at a mean of 0.75 +/- 0.07 msec; the last fibres recovered 1.3 +/- 0.3 msec. The period of subnormal conduction for a 100 mm conditioned conduction path length had a mean of 1.87 msec. When the period of subnormal conduction was plotted as a function of the conditioned nerve section, a linear section was observed. Stimulus intensity influenced the recovery in excitability but not the subnormal period. Temperature was found to affect both the excitability and subnormal period.
|
['Action Potentials', 'Computers', 'Electrodiagnosis', 'Humans', 'Muscles', 'Neural Conduction', 'Refractory Period, Electrophysiological', 'Skin Temperature']
| 6,165,554
|
[['G04.580.100', 'G07.265.675.100', 'G11.561.570.100'], ['L01.224.230.260'], ['E01.370.405'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A02.633', 'A10.690'], ['G07.265.753', 'G11.561.601'], ['G07.265.753.770', 'G07.265.760', 'G11.561.601.770', 'G11.561.785'], ['G07.110.753', 'G13.750.844']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
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Phenol photonitration upon UV irradiation of nitrite in aqueous solution I: effects of oxygen and 2-propanol.
|
Nitrophenols are formed in aqueous solution upon UV irradiation of phenol and nitrite. The formation of nitrophenols is enhanced by dissolved oxygen and inhibited by the addition of 2-propanol. The mechanism of phenol photonitration involves both .NO2 (or N2O4, reacting with phenol, and 4-nitrosophenol, which is oxidised to 4-nitrophenol. A reaction scheme is proposed based on experimental results.
|
['2-Propanol', 'Nitrites', 'Nitrophenols', 'Oxidation-Reduction', 'Oxygen', 'Photolysis', 'Solubility', 'Ultraviolet Rays', 'Water Pollutants, Chemical']
| 11,695,611
|
[['D02.033.755.615'], ['D01.248.497.158.635', 'D01.625.600.600', 'D02.633'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.657.566', 'D02.640.743'], ['G02.700', 'G03.295.531'], ['D01.268.185.550', 'D01.362.670'], ['G02.740.685'], ['G02.805'], ['G01.358.500.505.650.891', 'G01.590.540.891', 'G01.750.250.650.891', 'G01.750.750.659', 'G01.750.770.578.891', 'G16.500.275.063.725.525.600', 'G16.500.750.775.525.600', 'N06.230.300.100.725.525.600'], ['D27.888.284.903.655']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Motor recovery patterns in arm muscles: coupled bilateral training and neuromuscular stimulation.
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BACKGROUND: Neuromuscular stimulation coupled with bilateral movements facilitates functional motor recovery of the upper extremities post stroke. This study investigated electromyography activation patterns during training. The leading question asked: Do EMG activation patterns show rehabilitative effects of coupled bilateral movement training on wrist and fingers extension, elbow extension, and shoulder abduction?METHODS: Twelve stroke volunteers completed nine hours of coupled bilateral movement training on three sets of joints in their arms. Neuromuscular stimulation on the impaired limb assisted wrist and fingers extension, elbow extension, and shoulder abduction. Mean activation level data were analyzed in a three-way completely within-subjects ANOVA (Training Day ? Movement Type ? Trial Block: 3 ? 3 ? 3).RESULTS: The analysis revealed three important findings: (a) activation levels in Days 5 and 6 were significantly higher than Days 1 and 2, (b) muscle activation patterns increased across trial blocks, and (c) movements for the shoulder joint/girdle as well as wrist and fingers demonstrated higher activation than the elbow joint. Further analysis indicated that the muscle activation patterns for shoulder abduction were positively associated with force stabilization (ratio of good variability relative to bad variability) during bilateral force production.CONCLUSIONS: The findings indicate that capability to increase muscle activity during the three joint movements was improved after training. There appears to be higher muscle activation in the primary proximal and distal muscles necessary for motor control improvement.
|
['Aged', 'Arm', 'Electric Stimulation Therapy', 'Electromyography', 'Exercise Therapy', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Muscle, Skeletal', 'Recovery of Function', 'Stroke', 'Stroke Rehabilitation']
| 24,725,731
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['A01.378.800.075'], ['E02.331', 'E02.779.468', 'E02.831.535.468'], ['E01.370.405.255', 'E01.370.530.255'], ['E02.760.169.063.500.387', 'E02.779.483', 'E02.831.535.483'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A02.633.567', 'A10.690.552.500'], ['G16.757'], ['C10.228.140.300.775', 'C14.907.253.855'], ['E02.760.169.063.500.477.500', 'E02.831.477.500', 'H02.403.680.600.750.500', 'N02.421.784.511.500']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
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Development, survivorship and reproduction of Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) under fluctuating temperatures.
|
Laboratory studies were conducted to assess the effect of temperature on the survival, development, longevity and fecundity of Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) at eight different fluctuating temperatures with an amplitude ±9 °C under constant photoperiodic conditions of 16:8 h (L:D). H. armigera achieved complete development from egg to adult emergence between mean 17.5 and 32.5 °C. At mean 35 °C, all newly hatched larvae died and at mean 15 °C entered diapause at pupal stage. The lower developmental thresholds of the immature stages were estimated by a linear model and ranged from 4.63 °C (pupal stage) to 7.69 °C (egg stage). The developmental thresholds estimated by a nonlinear model were slightly higher than those estimated by the linear model. Adult longevity and fecundity were reduced at mean fluctuating temperatures 17.5 and 32.5 °C, but tended to be independent of the pattern of temperature change at moderate temperatures. The maximum reproductive performance, 1130 eggs per female, was observed at mean 25 °C. The intrinsic rates of increase were positive, meaning that H. armigera could be expected to persist or increase in number between mean 17.5 and 32.5 °C, with the maximum value at mean 27.5 °C. H. armigera survives, develops and reproduces within a wide range of fluctuating temperatures, while it completes the above functions with different levels of success at different mean temperatures of diurnal variation. Comparison of our results with similar data from the literature involving constant conditions is discussed. This information will provide a better understanding of H. armigera phenology and population dynamics under natural conditions and is essential to understanding the ecological and evolutionary consequences of climate change on this important species.
|
['Animals', 'Climate Change', 'Female', 'Larva', 'Longevity', 'Male', 'Moths', 'Ovum', 'Pupa', 'Reproduction', 'Temperature']
| 25,208,831
|
[['B01.050'], ['G16.500.175.374'], ['B05.500.500', 'G07.345.500.550.500.500'], ['G07.345.124.519', 'G07.540'], ['B01.050.500.131.617.720.500.500.937.650'], ['A05.360.490.690', 'A11.497.497', 'A16.690'], ['B05.500.700', 'G07.345.500.550.500.700'], ['G08.686.784'], ['G01.906.595', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710', 'G16.500.750.775.710', 'N06.230.150.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Striated fibers in trichomonads: costa proteins represent a new class of proteins forming striated roots.
|
The production of monoclonal antibodies and the use of biochemical techniques revealed that B-type costa proteins in trichomonads are composed of several major polypeptides with molecular weight detected between 100 and 135 kDa similar to those found in the A-type costae. Although differences were observed between the two types in their fine structure, we tested whether proteins composing the two costa types belong to the same protein family. A polyclonal antibody produced against the 118 kDa costa protein of Trichomonas vaginalis also recognized a 118 kDa costa protein in all other trichomonad genera studied so far whether they have A- or B-type costae. Moreover biochemical characteristics of costa proteins indicated that these proteins might represent a novel class of striated root-forming proteins in addition to centrin, giardin, and assemblin.
|
['Animals', 'Antibodies, Monoclonal', 'Antibodies, Protozoan', 'Cross Reactions', 'Cytoskeleton', 'Fluorescent Antibody Technique', 'Immunoblotting', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Organelles', 'Protozoan Proteins', 'Species Specificity', 'Trichomonadida']
| 7,820,860
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.252', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.252', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.252'], ['G12.122.281'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.750'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512.240', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512.240', 'E05.200.500.607.512.240', 'E05.200.750.551.512.240', 'E05.478.583.375'], ['E05.478.566.320', 'E05.601.470.320'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875'], ['D12.776.820'], ['G16.824'], ['B01.630.800']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Olfactory receptors in human airway epithelia.
|
Olfactory receptors (OR) represent one of the largest gene families in the human genome. In spite of a significant progress in deciphering the physiological functions of olfactory receptors, how the majority of these G-protein-coupled receptors are activated is still mostly a mystery. Consequently, for the majority of OR genes there are currently no assigned physiological or behavioral functions. Deciphering ligand specificities and physiological significance of human ORs is important for understanding how the human olfactory genome encodes odors, and how such odors drive human behavior in health and disease. Although OR genes were originally thought to be restricted to the olfactory epithelium, several recent studies indicated that some members of the OR family might be acting outside the canonical chemosensory system. In a recent study, we have shown that the human airway epithelial cells can also act as chemosensory cells by directly sensing the inhalation of noxious bitter compounds, which can lead to increased mucociliary clearance, and hence may serve as a protective mechanism against inhaled toxins and microorganisms. Whether the airway epithelium can detect chemicals via other sensory pathways has not been reported to date. As a step in this direction, we describe methods for studying the cellular and subcellular localization of olfactory receptor proteins and mRNAs in human airways in both primary in vitro cultures and tissue sections.
|
['Cell Culture Techniques', 'Epithelium', 'Fluorescent Antibody Technique', 'Humans', 'In Situ Hybridization', 'Intracellular Space', 'Microscopy, Confocal', 'Paraffin', 'Protein Transport', 'Receptors, Odorant', 'Respiratory System', 'Staining and Labeling']
| 23,585,041
|
[['E01.370.225.500.223', 'E05.200.500.265', 'E05.242.223', 'E05.481.500.249'], ['A10.272'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512.240', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512.240', 'E05.200.500.607.512.240', 'E05.200.750.551.512.240', 'E05.478.583.375'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.670.325', 'E01.370.225.750.600.670.325', 'E05.200.500.620.670.325', 'E05.200.750.600.670.325', 'E05.393.661.475'], ['A10.082.750', 'A11.284.430'], ['E01.370.350.515.395', 'E05.595.395'], ['D02.455.612'], ['G03.143.700'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.600'], ['A04'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.670', 'E01.370.225.750.600.670', 'E05.200.500.620.670', 'E05.200.750.600.670']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Nutrient release, recovery and removal from waste sludge of a biological nutrient removal system.
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The uncontrolled release of nutrients from waste sludge results in nitrogen and phosphorus overloading in wastewater treatment plants when supernatant is returned to the inlet. A controlled release, recovery and removal of nutrient from the waste sludge of a Biological Nutrient Removal system (BNR) are investigated. Results showed that the supernatant was of high mineral salt, high electrical conductivity and poor biodegradability, in addition to high nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations after the waste sludge was hydrolysed through sodium dodecyl sulphate addition. Subsequently, over 91.8% of phosphorus and 10.5% of nitrogen in the supernatants were extracted by the crystallization method under the conditions of 9.5 pH and 400 rpm. The precipitate was mainly struvite according to X-ray diffraction and morphological examination. A multistage anoxic-oxic Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR) was then adopted to remove the residual carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus in the supernatant. The MBBR exhibited good performance in simultaneously removing carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus under a short aeration time, which accounted for 31.25% of a cycle. Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis demonstrated that nitrifiers presented mainly in floc, although higher extracellular polymeric substance content, especially DNA, appeared in the biofilm. Thus, a combination of hydrolysis and precipitation, followed by the MBBR, can complete the nutrient release from the waste sludge of a BNR system, recovers nutrients from the hydrolysed liquor and removes nutrients from leftovers effectively.
|
['Bacteria', 'Biological Oxygen Demand Analysis', 'Biopolymers', 'Bioreactors', 'Carbon', 'Chemical Precipitation', 'Crystallization', 'DNA, Bacterial', 'Hydrolysis', 'In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence', 'Magnesium Compounds', 'Nitrogen', 'Phosphates', 'Phosphorus', 'Sewage', 'Struvite', 'Waste Disposal, Fluid', 'Water Pollutants, Chemical']
| 25,176,308
|
[['B03'], ['N06.850.460.350.080.500', 'N06.850.780.375.349'], ['D05.750.078', 'D25.720.099', 'J01.637.051.720.099'], ['E07.115', 'J01.897.120.115'], ['D01.268.150'], ['E05.196.150', 'G02.159'], ['E05.196.300', 'G02.171'], ['D13.444.308.212'], ['G02.380'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.670.325.350', 'E01.370.225.750.600.670.325.350', 'E05.200.500.620.670.325.350', 'E05.200.750.600.670.325.350', 'E05.393.285.350', 'E05.393.661.475.350'], ['D01.524'], ['D01.268.604', 'D01.362.625'], ['D01.029.260.700.675.374', 'D01.248.497.158.730', 'D01.695.625.675.650'], ['D01.268.666'], ['D20.944.932.500'], ['D01.029.260.700.675.374.887', 'D01.524.775', 'D01.695.625.675.650.887'], ['N06.850.780.200.800.800.890', 'N06.850.860.510.900.600.900'], ['D27.888.284.903.655']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Regional cerebral glucose metabolism of patients with malignant diseases in different clinical phases.
|
BACKGROUND: Psychological and psychiatric aspects of cancer patients have not been studied well in terms of functional neuroimaging. The aim of this pilot study was to investigate the relationship between regional cerebral metabolism and different clinical phases.MATERIAL AND METHODS: Relative cerebral glucose metabolism of 77 Japanese patients with various types of malignant diseases was studied by positron emission tomography with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose. They were subgrouped into the 1) pre-treatment, 2) post-treatment, 3) recurrence and 4) terminal patient groups. These subgroups were compared to the control group of 17 in-patients with benign diseases, using voxel-based Statistic Parametrical Mapping software (SPM).RESULTS: Relative reduction in the regional cerebral metabolism was detected in the prefrontal and basolateral (inferolateral) prefrontal cortex, orbitofrontal cortex, anterior and posterior cingulate gyrus, insula, basal ganglia, hippocampus and thalamus in the pre-treatment group. The anterior and posterior cingulate gyri were hypometabolic only in the pre-treatment group. Hypometabolic areas were detected only in the basolateral prefrontal cortex, orbitofrontal cortex, ventral part of cingulate gyrus and insula in the post-treatment group. In the terminal group, the hypometabolic pattern seemed very close to that in the pre-treatment group. The results seemed to suggest that hypometabolic findings before treatments could reverse after treatments but became prominent again in terminal stages. These results do not contradict with previous epidemiological findings that high incidence of adjustment disorders was seen in earlier stages and more brain organic syndromes were seen in terminal stages.CONCLUSION: It could be speculated that decreased metabolism in early stages reflects state-dependent changes and that decreased metabolism in the terminal stages reflects organic brain damages. brain of cancer patients show a fluctuation in the regional metabolism. This finding might give a suggestion that functional imaging could be used as a supplementary method for psychological evaluation of patients with severe diseases.
|
['Brain', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Disease Progression', 'Glucose', 'Humans', 'Neoplasms', 'Tomography, Emission-Computed']
| 11,257,726
|
[['A08.186.211'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['C23.550.291.656'], ['D09.947.875.359.448'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04'], ['E01.370.350.350.800', 'E01.370.350.600.350.800', 'E01.370.350.710.800', 'E01.370.350.825.800', 'E01.370.384.730.800']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Fine structure of cartilage elastic system fibers, in particular those of the mandibular condyle.
|
Light microscopy of the mandibular joint tissues from fetal mice show a distribution of fibrillar structures in the articular fibrous capsule covering the condylar head. Further SEM and TEM studies were conducted on autoclaved xiphoid and mandibular condylar processes of the fetuses for observation of the elastic system fibers in these cartilaginous tissues. SEM showed that non-collaginous fibers branched and united to form a complicated network in the cartilage. A fine structure study on diameter distribution of the fibers indicated elastogenesis in the differentiating cell layer and fiber maturation in the articular surfaces and calcification layer, thus suggesting a sequential development, growth, and degeneration of the cellular and fibrillar components in the cartilage, as well as bidirectional cell differentiation in the growing mandibular joint. A further TEM study on these autoclaved connective tissues showed the elastic system fibers in the network to be composed of fine microfibrils and amorphous elastin. The elastic fibers in the condylar cartilage were a loose network having many tortuous main and oblique elastic fibers, and coiling oxytalan fibers.
|
['Animals', 'Cartilage', 'Collagen', 'Elastic Tissue', 'Elastin', 'Embryonic and Fetal Development', 'Mandibular Condyle', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred Strains', 'Microscopy, Electron', 'Temporomandibular Joint', 'Xiphoid Bone']
| 2,640,943
|
[['B01.050'], ['A02.165', 'A10.165.382'], ['D05.750.078.280', 'D12.776.860.300.250'], ['A10.165.400'], ['D05.750.078.421', 'D12.776.860.300.350'], ['G07.345.500.325', 'G08.686.784.170'], ['A02.835.232.781.324.502.632.600', 'A14.521.632.600'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400'], ['E01.370.350.515.402', 'E05.595.402'], ['A02.835.583.861', 'A14.907'], ['A02.835.232.570.750.825']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Vitamin D3 poisoning and irreversible sequela].
|
Twenty-four children with vitamin D intoxication and a follow-up of one to thirteen years old (means: four years and seven months) are reviewed. Over-dosage was prescribed by medical order in 66.6% of patients and by the mother herself in 16.6%. Intensity of clinical symptoms (renal, neurologic, digestive) were related with daily dose administered whilst final secuelae depends on duration of overdosage. Hipercalcemia was easily corrected by association of low calcium diet, corticoesteroids and/or furosemide in least than a month in 81% of cases. Two patients died during the acute fase and 22.7% remain with permanent damage (five in chronic renal failure, one in haemodialysis and three with low IC).
|
['Bone Diseases, Metabolic', 'Calcinosis', 'Calcium', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Cholecalciferol', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hypertension', 'Infant', 'Male', 'Nephrocalcinosis']
| 2,984,970
|
[['C05.116.198', 'C18.452.104'], ['C18.452.174.130'], ['D01.268.552.100', 'D01.552.539.288', 'D23.119.100'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['D04.210.500.247.222.159', 'D04.210.500.247.808.146', 'D04.210.500.812.768.196', 'D10.570.938.146'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C14.907.489'], ['M01.060.703'], ['C12.777.419.590', 'C13.351.968.419.590', 'C18.452.174.130.560']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
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Protein Chemical Synthesis Combined with Mirror-Image Phage Display Yields d-Peptide EGF Ligands that Block the EGF-EGFR Interaction.
|
The epidermal growth factor (EGF) pathway, being overactive in a number of cancers, is a good target for clinical therapy. Although several drugs targeting the EGF receptor (EGFR) are on the market, tumours acquire resistance very rapidly. As an alternative, small molecules and peptides targeting EGF have been developed, although with moderate success. Herein, we report the use of mirror-image phage display technology to discover protease-resistant peptides with the capacity to inhibit the EGF-EGFR interaction. After the chemical synthesis of the enantiomeric protein d-EGF, two phage-display peptide libraries were used to select binding sequences. The d versions of these peptides bound to natural EGF, as confirmed by surface acoustic waves (SAWs). High-field NMR spectroscopy showed that the best EGF binder, d-PI_4, interacts preferentially with an EGF region that partially overlaps with the receptor binding interface. Importantly, we also show that d-PI_4 efficiently disrupts the EGF-EGFR interaction. This methodology represents a straightforward approach to find new protease-resistant peptides with potential applications in cancer therapy.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Epidermal Growth Factor', 'ErbB Receptors', 'Humans', 'Ligands', 'Models, Molecular', 'Molecular Structure', 'Peptide Library', 'Peptides']
| 31,268,623
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['D06.472.317.350', 'D12.644.276.382.500', 'D12.776.467.382.500', 'D23.529.382.500'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.400.009', 'D12.776.543.750.630.009', 'D12.776.543.750.750.400.074'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D27.720.470.480'], ['E05.599.595'], ['G02.111.570', 'G02.466'], ['D12.644.555', 'G02.111.570.060.620', 'G05.360.325.640'], ['D12.644']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Human adipocytes express alpha 2-adrenergic receptor of the alpha 2A-subtype only: pharmacological and genetic evidence.
|
In the present study we have reinvestigated the subtype of alpha 2-adrenoceptors expressed in human adipocytes (from subcutaneous and internal fat deposits) by means of radioligand binding using subtype-selective antagonists, and RNase mapping using a set of specific probes prepared from human alpha 2-adrenoceptors genes (alpha 2C2, alpha 2C4 and alpha 2C10). Comparison of the pharmacological properties of the human adipocyte alpha 2-adrenoceptors with those of the different human adrenoceptors expressed in COS-7 cells demonstrated that: i) human adipocyte alpha 2-adrenoceptors displays a KD for [3H]RX821002 and [3H]MK912 identical to that found in COS-7 cells transfected with the alpha 2C10 gene; ii) yohimbine and oxymetazoline is 1,000-fold more potent than prazosin to inhibit [3H]antagonist binding. RNase protection assays on cellular RNA prepared from the three fat deposits showed the presence of substantial amounts of alpha 2C10 transcripts: in contrast, mRNAs from alpha 2C2 and alpha 2C4 genes were undetectable. Altogether these results definitively establish that human adipocytes express only one alpha 2-adrenoceptor which is of the alpha 2A-subtype and encoded by the alpha 2C10 gene.
|
['Adipocytes', 'Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists', 'Adult', 'Cell Line', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Idazoxan', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Membranes', 'Middle Aged', 'Quinolizines', 'RNA', 'RNA Probes', 'Radioligand Assay', 'Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-2', 'Ribonucleases']
| 8,808,178
|
[['A11.329.114'], ['D27.505.519.625.050.200.100', 'D27.505.696.577.050.200.100'], ['M01.060.116'], ['A11.251.210'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D03.383.129.308.428', 'D03.383.188.425', 'D03.633.100.355'], ['E05.481'], ['A10.615'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D03.633.100.834'], ['D13.444.735'], ['D13.444.600.723', 'D27.505.259.750.600.825', 'D27.720.470.530.600.825'], ['E01.370.225.985', 'E01.370.374.650', 'E01.370.384.720', 'E05.200.985'], ['D12.776.543.750.670.300.300.300.200', 'D12.776.543.750.695.150.300.300.725', 'D12.776.543.750.720.330.300.300.200'], ['D08.811.277.352.700']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Cholesterol pathways affected by small molecules that decrease sterol levels in Niemann-Pick type C mutant cells.
|
BACKGROUND: Niemann-Pick type C (NPC) disease is a genetically inherited multi-lipid storage disorder with impaired efflux of cholesterol from lysosomal storage organelles.METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: The effect of screen-selected cholesterol lowering compounds on the major sterol pathways was studied in CT60 mutant CHO cells lacking NPC1 protein. Each of the selected chemicals decreases cholesterol in the lysosomal storage organelles of NPC1 mutant cells through one or more of the following mechanisms: increased cholesterol efflux from the cell, decreased uptake of low-density lipoproteins, and/or increased levels of cholesteryl esters. Several chemicals promote efflux of cholesterol to extracellular acceptors in both non-NPC and NPC1 mutant cells. The uptake of low-density lipoprotein-derived cholesterol is inhibited by some of the studied compounds.CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Results herein provide the information for prioritized further studies in identifying molecular targets of the chemicals. This approach proved successful in the identification of seven chemicals as novel inhibitors of lysosomal acid lipase (Rosenbaum et al, Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 2009, 1791:1155-1165).
|
['Animals', 'Anticholesteremic Agents', 'CHO Cells', 'Carrier Proteins', 'Cholesterol', 'Cricetinae', 'Cricetulus', 'Drug Evaluation, Preclinical', 'Humans', 'Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins', 'Lipoproteins', 'Lysosomes', 'Membrane Glycoproteins', 'Mutation', 'Niemann-Pick Diseases', 'Small Molecule Libraries', 'Sterols']
| 20,877,719
|
[['B01.050'], ['D27.505.519.186.071.202', 'D27.505.954.557.500.202'], ['A11.251.210.200', 'A11.436.155'], ['D12.776.157'], ['D04.210.500.247.222.284', 'D04.210.500.247.808.197', 'D10.570.938.208'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.075.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.075.250.250'], ['E05.290.750', 'E05.337.550'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.644.360', 'D12.776.476'], ['D10.532', 'D12.776.521'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.190.550'], ['D12.776.395.550', 'D12.776.543.550'], ['G05.365.590'], ['C10.228.140.163.100.435.825.700', 'C15.604.250.410.625', 'C16.320.565.189.435.825.700', 'C16.320.565.398.641.803.730', 'C16.320.565.595.554.825.700', 'C18.452.132.100.435.825.700', 'C18.452.584.687.803.730', 'C18.452.648.189.435.825.700', 'C18.452.648.398.641.803.730', 'C18.452.648.595.554.825.700'], ['D27.720.470.765'], ['D04.210.500.247.808', 'D10.570.938']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The effect of octylglucoside and sodium cholate in Staphylococcus epidermidis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa adhesion to soft contact lenses.
|
PURPOSE: In this study, the effect of the natural surfactants octylglucoside and sodium cholate in inhibiting Staphylococcus epidermidis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa adhesion to conventional and silicone-hydrogel contact lenses (CL) was assessed. Hydrophobicity was also evaluated to conditioned and nonconditioned CL.METHODS: The inhibiting effect of the tested surfactants was determined through "in vitro" adhesion studies to conditioned and nonconditioned CL followed by image acquisition and cell enumeration. Hydrophobicity was evaluated through contact angle measurements using the advancing type technique on air.RESULTS: Sodium cholate exhibits a very low capability to inhibit microbial adhesion. Conversely, octylglucoside effectively inhibited microbial adhesion in both types of lenses. This surfactant exhibited an even greater performance than a multipurpose lens care solution used as control. Octylglucoside was the only tested surfactant able to lower the hydrophobicity of all CL, which can explain its high performance.CONCLUSIONS: The results obtained in this study point out the potential of octylglucoside as a conditioning agent to prevent microbial colonization.
|
['Bacterial Adhesion', 'Contact Lens Solutions', 'Contact Lenses, Hydrophilic', 'Glucosides', 'Humans', 'Hydrogel, Polyethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate', 'Pseudomonas aeruginosa', 'Silicones', 'Sodium Cholate', 'Staphylococcus epidermidis', 'Surface-Active Agents']
| 17,502,827
|
[['G06.099.050'], ['D26.776.210', 'D27.505.954.122.425.150', 'D27.720.274.150'], ['E07.632.500.276.360'], ['D09.408.348'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D02.033.455.250.700.485', 'D05.750.219.500', 'D05.750.741.485', 'D20.280.320.609.500', 'D25.720.532.500', 'D25.720.741.485', 'D26.255.165.320.375.375', 'J01.637.051.720.584.500', 'J01.637.051.720.741.485'], ['B03.440.400.425.625.625.100', 'B03.660.250.580.590.050'], ['D02.756.650.700', 'D05.750.900.850', 'D25.720.900.850', 'J01.637.051.720.900.850'], ['D04.210.500.105.225.130.330.850', 'D04.210.500.221.430.130.330.850'], ['B03.300.390.400.800.750.343', 'B03.353.500.750.750.343', 'B03.510.100.750.750.343', 'B03.510.400.790.750.343'], ['D27.720.877']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Direct determination of vibrational density of states change on ligand binding to a protein.
|
The change in the vibrational density of states of a protein (dihydrofolate reductase) on binding a ligand (methotrexate) is determined using inelastic neutron scattering. The vibrations of the complex soften significantly relative to the unbound protein. The resulting free-energy change, which is directly determined by the density of states change, is found to contribute significantly to the binding equilibrium.
|
['Deuterium Oxide', 'Escherichia coli', 'Kinetics', 'Ligands', 'Methotrexate', 'Models, Statistical', 'NADP', 'Neutrons', 'Protein Binding', 'Proteins', 'Scattering, Radiation', 'Tetrahydrofolate Dehydrogenase', 'Thermodynamics']
| 15,323,955
|
[['D01.045.250.875.200', 'D01.248.497.158.459.650.200', 'D01.268.406.500.250', 'D01.362.340.500.250'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['D27.720.470.480'], ['D03.633.100.733.631.192.500'], ['E05.318.740.500', 'E05.599.835', 'N05.715.360.750.530', 'N06.850.520.830.500'], ['D03.633.100.759.646.138.749', 'D08.211.625', 'D13.695.667.138.749', 'D13.695.827.068.749'], ['G01.249.660.250'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808'], ['D12.776'], ['E05.196.822', 'G01.867'], ['D08.811.682.662.825'], ['G01.906']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Factitious disorder: a rare cause of haematemesis.
|
Acute upper gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding is a common condition in the UK with 50-70,000 admissions per year. In 20% of cases no cause can be found on endoscopy. Here, we present the case of a young female patient who was admitted on three occasions with large volume haematemesis and bleeding from other sites. She was extensively investigated and underwent multiple endoscopic procedures. She was eventually diagnosed with factitious disorder after concerns were raised about the inconsistent nature of her presentations. She was found to be venesecting herself from her intravenous cannula, and ingesting the blood to simulate upper GI bleeding. This is a rare cause of 'haematemesis' but perhaps not as rare as is thought.
|
['Catheterization, Peripheral', 'Factitious Disorders', 'Female', 'Hematemesis', 'Humans', 'Young Adult']
| 28,828,588
|
[['E02.148.224', 'E04.100.814.529.937', 'E04.502.382.937', 'E05.157.375'], ['F03.875.375'], ['C06.405.227.400', 'C23.550.414.788.400', 'C23.888.821.937.019'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
A hospital out-patient study of timolol/bendrofluazide combination ('Prestim') in essential hypertension.
|
A study was carried out in 44 patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension attending a hypertension clinic in a general hospital. Treatment was administered using fixed-dose combination tablets of timolol maleate (10 mg) and bendrofluazide (2.5 mg) taken twice daily for 16 weeks, in order to assess the efficacy and side-effects of this combination and to monitor changes in serum electrolytes and other biochemical indices. Blood pressure control (supine diastolic blood pressure less than or equal to 95 mmHg) was achieved in 38 (86%) patients on a mean dose of 2.6 tablets daily (range 1 to 4 tablets). Adverse effects were uncommon, 3 (6%) patients being withdrawn at an early stage. In a complementary investigation, 14 patients who completed the 16-weeks' treatment were changed onto a regimen in which the drug dosage remained unchanged but was taken on a once-daily basis for a further 16 weeks to assess the efficacy of once-daily dosing and to monitor any further long-term changes in biochemistry. The trend of changes in biochemical indices which were observed in the 16-week study tended to reverse during the second 16 weeks so that, overall, changes in biochemistry were minimal. The combination of timolol maleate and bendrofluazide was effective in controlling blood pressure in most mild to moderate hypertensives and the dose range allowed accurate titration of dosing for each patient. The effect was equal on a once-daily or a twice-daily dosage.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Bendroflumethiazide', 'Drug Combinations', 'Female', 'Heart Rate', 'Humans', 'Hypertension', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Propanolamines', 'Timolol']
| 7,428,413
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D02.886.590.700.135.138', 'D02.886.655.500.138', 'D03.633.100.174.138'], ['D26.310'], ['E01.370.600.875.500', 'G09.330.380.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C14.907.489'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D02.033.100.624', 'D02.033.755.624', 'D02.092.063.624'], ['D02.033.100.624.915', 'D02.033.755.624.915', 'D02.092.063.624.915', 'D02.886.675.867.768', 'D03.383.129.708.867.768', 'D03.383.533.640.775']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Using clopidogrel in non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome patients: a cost-utility analysis in Spain.
|
OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to estimate the cost-effectiveness of clopidogrel, administered for 1 year after hospital admission for non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome in the Spanish public health network.METHODS: A cost-utility analysis was conducted from the societal perspective. A Markov decision tree was constructed for modeling the long-term cardiovascular events according to the probabilities of the CURE study, the Framingham study, and the Spanish age-sex-specific mortality rates. The costs of the therapy were calculated mainly using the cost per diagnosis-related group in the Spanish National Health System. The utilities of the various states were estimated using data from published studies. A 3% discount rate was used for both the costs and the utilities. An expected value sensitivity analysis and a Monte Carlo microsimulation probabilistic analysis were performed.RESULTS: The cost per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) saved owing to clopidogrel in the base case was about Euros 12000. This expected cost-effectiveness ratio was very sensitive to the age of the patient, the base risk of cardiovascular events, and the precision of the estimated effectiveness of clopidogrel. The cost per QALY ranged between some Euros 5000 for a high-risk, 40-year-old patient and Euros 30000 for a low-risk, 80-year-old patient. According to the accepted threshold for Spanish society, the probability that clopidogrel was cost-effective in the base analysis case was 85.3%.CONCLUSIONS: By Spanish standards, the use of clopidogrel in patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome is cost-effective, at least when used for patients at high risk of presenting cardiovascular events.
|
['Acute Disease', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Clopidogrel', 'Coronary Disease', 'Cost-Benefit Analysis', 'Decision Trees', 'Drug Costs', 'Humans', 'Markov Chains', 'Middle Aged', 'Monte Carlo Method', 'Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors', 'Quality-Adjusted Life Years', 'Spain', 'Ticlopidine']
| 14,720,130
|
[['C23.550.291.125'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['D02.886.778.823.500.500', 'D03.383.725.849.500.500', 'D03.383.903.830.500.500', 'D03.633.100.928.500.500'], ['C14.280.647.250', 'C14.907.585.250'], ['N03.219.151.125'], ['G17.162.500'], ['N03.219.151.400.350', 'N05.300.375.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.740.600.500', 'E05.318.740.996.500', 'G17.830.500', 'N05.715.360.750.625.500', 'N05.715.360.750.770.500', 'N06.850.520.830.600.500', 'N06.850.520.830.996.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.740.525', 'L01.906.394.422', 'N05.715.360.750.540', 'N06.850.520.830.525'], ['D27.505.954.502.780'], ['E05.318.740.100.500.700', 'N01.224.935.530.700'], ['Z01.542.846'], ['D02.886.778.823.500', 'D03.383.725.849.500', 'D03.383.903.830.500', 'D03.633.100.928.500']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Generation of macrophages from early T progenitors in vitro.
|
Early T progenitors in the thymus have been reported to have the capacity to develop into B cells, thymic dendritic cells, and NK cells. Here we describe conditions that induce early T progenitors to develop into macrophages. Initially, we observed that early T progenitors could be induced to develop into macrophages by cytokines produced from a thymic stromal cell line, TFGD, and later we found that the cytokine mixture of M-CSF plus IL-6 plus IL-7 also induced macrophage differentiation from pro-T cells. M-CSF by itself was unable to induce macrophage differentiation from early T progenitors. To correlate this observation with the developmental potential of early T progenitors, mouse embryonic thymocytes were sorted into four populations, pro-T1 to pro-T4, based on the expression of CD44 and CD25, and then cultured with TFGD culture supernatant. We found that pro-T1 and pro-T2 cells, but not pro-T3 and pro-T4 cells, generate macrophages. Limiting dilution analysis of the differentiation capability of sorted pro-T2 cells also confirmed that pro-T2 cells could generate macrophages. These results suggest that T cells and thymic macrophages could originate from a common intrathymic precursor.
|
['Animals', 'Cell Culture Techniques', 'Cell Cycle', 'Cell Differentiation', 'Cell Separation', 'Cell-Free System', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Culture Media, Conditioned', 'Drug Combinations', 'Fetus', 'Immunophenotyping', 'Interleukin-6', 'Interleukin-7', 'Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor', 'Macrophages', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Stem Cells', 'T-Lymphocyte Subsets', 'Thymus Gland', 'Tumor Cells, Cultured']
| 11,342,611
|
[['B01.050'], ['E01.370.225.500.223', 'E05.200.500.265', 'E05.242.223', 'E05.481.500.249'], ['G04.144'], ['G04.152'], ['E01.370.225.500.363', 'E05.200.500.363', 'E05.242.363'], ['A11.284.835.168'], ['A11.251'], ['D27.720.470.305.250', 'E07.206.250'], ['D26.310'], ['A16.378'], ['E01.370.225.812.447', 'E05.200.812.447', 'E05.478.594.450'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.224', 'D12.776.467.374.465.202', 'D23.529.374.465.224'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.246', 'D12.776.467.374.465.224', 'D23.529.374.465.246'], ['D12.644.276.374.410.240.500', 'D12.776.395.240.500', 'D12.776.467.374.410.240.500', 'D23.529.374.410.240.500'], ['A11.329.372', 'A11.627.482', 'A11.733.397', 'A15.382.670.522', 'A15.382.680.397'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['A11.872'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.550.500', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.500', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.550.500', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.500', 'A15.382.490.555.567.550.500', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.500'], ['A10.549.750', 'A15.382.520.604.750'], ['A11.251.860']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Simultaneous multitarget radiotherapy using helical tomotherapy and its combination with sorafenib for pulmonary metastases from hepatocellular carcinoma.
|
We evaluated radiotherapy using helical tomotherapy (HT) combined with sorafenib for treatment of pulmonary metastases from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We also analyzed potential prognostic factors and further validated the combination treatment. The objective response rate in the total cohort of 45 patients treated with HT (with or without sorafenib) was 66.7% (complete response, n = 1; partial response, n = 29), with no adverse events > grade 2 in severity. Median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were 7.50 ± 0.53 and 26.40 ± 2.66 months, respectively. The addition of sorafenib was associated with increased PFS (11.80 ± 1.55 vs 5.80 ± 0.52 months, p = 0.006) and increased OS (29.60 ± 5.23 vs 21.90 ± 5.17 months, p = 0.007). After multivariate adjustment, the risk of disease progression associated with combination treatment was significantly lower (p = 0.022) compared with HT only, and survival was significantly longer (p = 0.014). Further validation confirmed the benefit of combination treatment. Prognostic factors were number of pulmonary metastases for PFS (19.00 ± 7.15 months for ?3 lesions vs 5.80 ± 0.26 months for >3 lesions, p < 0.001) and intrahepatic tumor status for OS (28.50 ± 2.76 months for well-controlled tumors vs 15.60 ± 6.38 months for uncontrolled tumors, p = 0.011). In conclusion, radiotherapy with HT for pulmonary metastases is feasible without major complications, and its combination with sorafenib may be a promising approach in a subgroup of patients.
|
['Antineoplastic Agents', 'Biomarkers, Tumor', 'Carcinoma, Hepatocellular', 'Cohort Studies', 'Combined Modality Therapy', 'Disease-Free Survival', 'Feasibility Studies', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Kaplan-Meier Estimate', 'Liver Neoplasms', 'Lung Neoplasms', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Niacinamide', 'Phenylurea Compounds', 'Prognosis', 'Protein Kinase Inhibitors', 'Radiotherapy, Intensity-Modulated', 'Sorafenib', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 27,191,894
|
[['D27.505.954.248'], ['D23.101.140'], ['C04.557.470.200.025.255', 'C04.588.274.623.160', 'C06.301.623.160', 'C06.552.697.160'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['E02.186'], ['E01.789.800.190', 'E05.318.740.998.300', 'N04.761.559.590.800.190', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800.190', 'N05.715.360.750.795.300', 'N06.850.520.830.998.300'], ['E05.318.372.550', 'E05.337.675', 'N05.715.360.330.550', 'N06.850.520.450.550'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.740.998.650', 'N05.715.360.750.795.650', 'N06.850.520.830.998.650'], ['C04.588.274.623', 'C06.301.623', 'C06.552.697'], ['C04.588.894.797.520', 'C08.381.540', 'C08.785.520'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D03.066.515.530', 'D03.383.725.547.530'], ['D02.065.950.681', 'D02.455.426.559.389.703'], ['E01.789'], ['D27.505.519.389.755'], ['E02.815.635.700.700', 'L01.313.500.750.100.710.600.550.700'], ['D02.065.950.681.757', 'D02.455.426.559.389.703.757', 'D03.066.515.530.750', 'D03.383.725.547.530.750'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Could the high consumption of high glycaemic index carbohydrates and sugars, associated with the nutritional transition to the Western type of diet, be the common cause of the obesity epidemic and the worldwide increasing incidences of Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes?
|
The globally increasing incidences of Type 1 diabetes (T1DM) and Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) can have a common background. If challenged by the contemporary high level of nutritional glucose stimulation, the â-cells in genetically predisposed individuals are at risk for damage which can lead to the diseases. The fat to carbohydrate dietary shift can also contribute to the associated obesity epidemic.
|
['Animals', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2', 'Diet', 'Diet, Western', 'Dietary Carbohydrates', 'Energy Intake', 'Genetic Predisposition to Disease', 'Global Health', 'Glycemic Index', 'Humans', 'Hyperglycemia', 'Incidence', 'Infant Food', 'Models, Biological', 'Obesity', 'Oxidative Stress', 'Sucrose', 'Sugars', 'Sweetening Agents', 'Weight Gain']
| 30,902,150
|
[['B01.050'], ['C18.452.394.750.124', 'C19.246.267', 'C20.111.327'], ['C18.452.394.750.149', 'C19.246.300'], ['G07.203.650.240'], ['G07.203.650.240.310'], ['D09.301', 'G07.203.300.362', 'J02.500.362'], ['G07.203.650.240.340'], ['C23.550.291.687.500', 'G05.380.355'], ['H02.403.371', 'N01.400.337'], ['G07.203.650.660.500', 'J01.576.423.850.730.750.500', 'N06.850.601.750.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C18.452.394.952'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.375', 'N01.224.935.597.500', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.375', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.375'], ['G07.203.300.525.500', 'J02.500.525.500'], ['E05.599.395'], ['C18.654.726.500', 'C23.888.144.699.500', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120.699.500', 'G07.100.100.160.120.699.500'], ['G03.673', 'G07.775.750'], ['D09.698.629.305.770', 'D09.947.750.770'], ['D09.947'], ['D27.720.372.300.353.609', 'G07.203.300.514.500.400.700', 'J02.500.514.500.400.700'], ['C23.888.144.243.926', 'G07.345.249.314.120.200.926']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Upper limb amputees: a clinic profile.
|
A clinic population of upper limb amputees was located to document their management and functional restoration. Of the 38 people contacted, 26 agreed to participate. Data were collected by questionnaires, and by physical and prosthetic examination. Prostheses were worn by 81% all or part of the day, 77% using active terminal devices. A change in occupation was noted by nine, and one was unemployed. Comfort and cosmesis were satisfactory. Prostheses were reported least useful for leisure activities. Long-term attention to fit and maintenance, updated training, and recent information might result in improved prosthetic function and satisfaction for upper limb amputees.
|
['Adult', 'Amputees', 'Arm', 'Artificial Limbs', 'Consumer Behavior', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Occupations', 'Ontario', 'Surveys and Questionnaires']
| 3,403,501
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.150.100'], ['A01.378.800.075'], ['E07.695.050', 'E07.858.082.050', 'E07.858.442.050'], ['F01.145.236'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N01.824.547'], ['Z01.107.567.176.639'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Delayed healing of rhytidectomy flap resurfaced with CO2 laser.
|
Combining facial rhytidectomy with laser resurfacing, theoretically, provides the best opportunity for achieving an optimal facial rejuvenation result. Previous studies have demonstrated the pernicious effect of a deep peel on a skin flap, but the safety of treating the rhytidectomy flap with laser has not been investigated. This study was conducted to investigate the safety of using these techniques concomitantly. Sixty sites were selected on three Yucatan minipigs, a species of swine chosen because of its hairless nature and opportunity to raise a true skin flap (without the panniculus carnosus). The healing time of 20 laser-treated sites without flap elevation was compared with that of 20 areas treated with laser following flap elevation, shortening (to emulate a more realistic rhytidectomy process), and repair. Twenty flaps were elevated and shortened without laser treatment to serve as a control. The CO2 laser parameters were set at 500 mJ, 50 watts, and a density of 5. Two passes were made to penetrate the upper dermis. The mean healing time for areas treated with laser alone was 12.05 days, ranging from 11 to 14 days. In comparison, the healing time for the laser-treated areas subsequent to flap elevation averaged 17.95 days, with a range of 14 to 24 days (p < 0.05). Two flaps treated with laser (10 percent) failed to heal completely in 24 days. At the time that all 20 of the areas treated solely with laser had re-epithelialized completely, only one of the flaps treated with laser had re-epithelialized completely (p < 0.001). A delay in healing, as well as return of pigment, was demonstrated in the distal portions of all flaps receiving laser treatment. The control flaps all healed normally except for a 5-percent superficial loss on a single flap. It was concluded from this study, and from clinical observation of delayed healing on six of seven patients who underwent concomitant rhytidectomy and laser resurfacing at a conservative laser setting, that laser resurfacing of the rhytidectomy flap is unsafe and results in delayed re-epithelialization. This combination should be avoided altogether or performed with extreme prudence on patients undergoing a deeper plane facial rhytidectomy or by using very low laser settings.
|
['Animals', 'Carbon Dioxide', 'Chi-Square Distribution', 'Epithelium', 'Humans', 'Laser Therapy', 'Rhytidoplasty', 'Safety', 'Skin Pigmentation', 'Surgical Flaps', 'Swine', 'Swine, Miniature', 'Time Factors', 'Wound Healing']
| 9,500,404
|
[['B01.050'], ['D01.200.200', 'D01.362.150', 'D01.650.550.200'], ['E05.318.740.994.300', 'G17.820.300', 'N05.715.360.750.750.200', 'N06.850.520.830.994.300'], ['A10.272'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.594', 'E04.014.520'], ['E02.218.765', 'E04.680.275.700'], ['N06.850.135.060.075'], ['E01.370.600.115.450.500', 'E01.370.600.620.750', 'G07.100.175.500', 'G13.750.837', 'G16.690.890'], ['A10.850.710', 'E07.862.710'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.880'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.880.399.800'], ['G01.910.857'], ['G16.762.891']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Fluorescence-Activated Nucleolus Sorting in Arabidopsis.
|
Nucleolar isolation allows exhaustive characterization of the nucleolar content. Centrifugation-based protocols are not adapted to isolation of nucleoli directly from a plant tissue because of copurification of cellular debris. We describe here a method that allows the purification of nucleoli using fluorescent-activated cell sorting from Arabidopsis thaliana leaves. This approach requires the expression of a specific nucleolar protein such as fibrillarin fused to green fluorescent protein in planta.
|
['Arabidopsis', 'Cell Nucleolus', 'Chloroplasts', 'Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone', 'Flow Cytometry', 'Green Fluorescent Proteins', 'Microscopy, Fluorescence', 'Recombinant Fusion Proteins']
| 27,576,720
|
[['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.157.100'], ['A11.284.430.106.279.345.175'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.700.140'], ['D12.776.660.235', 'D12.776.664.235'], ['E01.370.225.500.363.342', 'E01.370.225.500.386.350', 'E05.196.712.516.600.240.350', 'E05.200.500.363.342', 'E05.200.500.386.350', 'E05.242.363.342', 'E05.242.386.350'], ['D12.776.532.265'], ['E01.370.350.515.458', 'E05.595.458'], ['D12.776.828.300']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Effectiveness of in-room air filtration and dilution ventilation for tuberculosis infection control.
|
Tuberculosis (TB) is a public health problem that may pose substantial risks to health care workers and others. TB infection occurs by inhalation of airborne bacteria emitted by persons with active disease. We experimentally evaluated the effectiveness of in-room air filtration systems, specifically portable air filters (PAFs) and ceiling-mounted air filters (CMAFs), in conjunction with dilution ventilation, for controlling TB exposure in high-risk settings. For each experiment, a test aerosol was continuously generated and released into a full-sized room. With the in-room air filter and room ventilation system operating, time-averaged airborne particle concentrations were measured at several points. The effectiveness of in-room air filtration plus ventilation was determined by comparing particle concentrations with and without device operation. The four PAFs and three CMAFs we evaluated reduced room-average particle concentrations, typically by 30% to 90%, relative to a baseline scenario with two air-changes per hour of ventilation (outside air) only. Increasing the rate of air flow recirculating through the filter and/or air flow from the ventilation did not always increase effectiveness. Concentrations were generally higher near the emission source than elsewhere in the room. Both the air flow configuration of the filter and its placement within the room were important, influencing room air flow patterns and the spatial distribution of concentrations. Air filters containing efficient, but non-high efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filter media were as effective as air filters containing HEPA filter media.
|
['Filtration', 'Humans', 'Infectious Disease Transmission, Patient-to-Professional', 'Tuberculosis', 'Ventilation']
| 8,806,221
|
[['E05.196.454', 'G01.280', 'G02.263'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N06.850.335.500'], ['C01.150.252.410.040.552.846'], ['N06.230.150.520']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
[Comparative study of rheumatoid polyarthritis with and without the Gougerot-Sj?gren syndrome. 54 cases].
|
Clinical, biological and evolutive profiles of rheumatoid polyarthritis (RP) associated or not with a Gougerot-Sj?gren syndrome (GSS) were compared in two series of 27 patients matched according sex and age, and recruited among 158 patients examined during a period of 36 months. The GSS was defined by the presence, in addition to RP, of xerophthalmia (Schirmer and Rose Bengal tests were positive) and/or salivary glands disorders (histological abnormalities at stages III or IV of Chisholm classification). The evolution of RP and the importance of articular or extra-articular involvement of the disease are identical in both groups. Biologically, the prevalence of agglutinating rheumatoid factors, antinuclear antibodies and specific organ antibodies, is not different from one group to the other. Only the serum levels of gammaglobulins and circulating immune complexes are higher in the presence of a GSS. Finally, it was not necessary to resort more often to steroid therapy and/or immunosuppressors for RP with GSS than for isolated RP. In summary, in the same age group and same sex, RP associated to a GSS do not appear to have a fundamentally different profile, contrary to what might have been suggested by previous studies.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Arthritis, Rheumatoid', 'Female', 'HLA Antigens', 'Humans', 'Immunoglobulins', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Prognosis', 'Rheumatoid Factor', "Sjogren's Syndrome"]
| 3,823,777
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['C05.550.114.154', 'C05.799.114', 'C17.300.775.099', 'C20.111.199'], ['D23.050.301.500.450', 'D23.050.705.552.450'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.124.486.485', 'D12.776.124.790.651', 'D12.776.377.715.548'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.789'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.323.732', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.323.732', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.323.732'], ['C05.550.114.154.774', 'C05.799.114.774', 'C07.465.815.929.669', 'C11.496.260.719', 'C17.300.775.099.774', 'C20.111.199.774']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
The comparison of percutaneous ethanol and polidocanol sclerotherapy in the management of simple renal cysts.
|
OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy and safety of percutaneous ethanol and polidocanol sclerotherapy in the management of simple renal cysts.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between 2008 and 2013, symptomatic Bosniak type I renal cysts with a diameter larger than 5 cm in ultrasonography (US) or computed tomography were included in the study and divided into two groups. Group 1 patients were treated by US-guided percutaneous polidocanol sclerotherapy, and group 2 patients were treated by US-guided percutaneous ethanol sclerotherapy. The pre-operative and postoperative US findings were documented to compare the cyst recurrence and the reduction in cyst size. Success was defined as complete or partial: as >90% reduction or 50-90% reduction in cyst size, respectively. Failure was defined as <50% reduction in cyst size. The success rates of two groups were compared. Intraoperative pain was assessed using a visual analog scale (VAS) just after the operation.RESULTS: The median follow-up period was 36 months (range 12-76) in group 1 and 39 months (range 10-78) in group 2. Group 1 consists of 86 patients with 89 simple renal cysts, and group 2 consists of 57 patients with 57 simple renal cysts. Anatomical success was documented in 49 (55.1%) and 48 (84.2%) cysts in groups 1 and 2, respectively (p < 0.001). Clinical success was seen in 56 (65.1%) and 43 (75.4%) patients in groups 1 and 2, respectively. Major complication was detected in only one patient in group 2 (aseptic psoas abscess), and there was not any major complication in group 1. Minor complications had occurred in ten patients in group 2 (microscopic hematuria in six patients and fever and nausea in four patients) and in eight patients in group 1 (microscopic hematuria in six patients and fever and nausea in two patients). The mean VAS scores were 21 ± 1.04 and 4.26 ± 1.99 in ethanol and polidocanol groups, respectively (p < 0.001). Ethanol was found to be significantly painful, compared to polidocanol in the sclerotherapy of simple renal cysts.CONCLUSIONS: Although the complication rates and VAS scores of ethanol sclerotherapy are higher than those of polidocanol sclerotherapy, its success rates appear to be also higher. The decision of which sclerosing agent will be used should be based on patients' comorbidities, cyst location and the surgeon's experience.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Anti-Infective Agents, Local', 'Ethanol', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Kidney Diseases, Cystic', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Polidocanol', 'Polyethylene Glycols', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Sclerosing Solutions', 'Sclerotherapy', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Ultrasonography']
| 25,778,818
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['D27.505.954.122.187'], ['D02.033.375'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C12.777.419.403', 'C13.351.968.419.403'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D02.033.455.250.700.670', 'D05.750.741.630', 'D25.720.741.630', 'J01.637.051.720.741.630'], ['D02.033.455.250.700', 'D05.750.741', 'D25.720.741', 'J01.637.051.720.741'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['D26.776.708.822', 'D27.505.954.411.700', 'D27.505.954.578.822', 'D27.720.752.822'], ['E02.319.805'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['E01.370.350.850']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
The use of intravenous fluorescein in the repair of large myelomeningoceles. Technical note.
|
Intravenous fluorescein has been found a valuable guide in the identification of necrotic skin, which can then be debrided before wound closure. Fluorescein was used in four infants undergoing repair of large myelomeningoceles with no deleterious effects.
|
['Fluoresceins', 'Humans', 'Injections, Intravenous', 'Meningomyelocele', 'Necrosis', 'Skin', 'Spinal Dysraphism']
| 325,183
|
[['D02.455.426.779.347', 'D03.633.300.953.275', 'D04.711.347'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.319.267.082.750', 'E02.319.267.530.540'], ['C10.500.680.610', 'C16.131.666.680.610'], ['C23.550.717'], ['A17.815'], ['C10.500.680.800', 'C16.131.666.680.800']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Improved Overall Survival of Mice by Reducing Lung Side Effects After High-Precision Heart Irradiation Using a Small Animal Radiation Research Platform.
|
PURPOSE: The aim was to reduce radiation exposure of the lung in experimental models to increase overall survival of mice to study late radiation-induced heart disease.METHODS AND MATERIALS: A new irradiation plan was established on the Small Animal Radiation Research Platform machine for local heart irradiation of mice with single doses of 8 and 16 Gy. Lung damage was analyzed 20, 30, 40, and 50 weeks after irradiation by computed tomography scans and histology and compared with a sham-irradiated, age-matched, control group.RESULTS: The use of an 8 ? 6-mm2 collimator enabled local heart irradiation whereby only 18% of the lung received any irradiation. The V10 and V16 of the lung were 14% and 7%, respectively. After a mean heart dose of 8 and 16 Gy, mice survived for at least 50 weeks after irradiation. Computed tomography images demonstrated increased cell densities in the irradiated lung volume 50 weeks after irradiation. Concomitantly, histologic examination revealed fibrotic and inflammatory changes in the irradiated lung volume. In the heart, amyloid depositions and left ventricle hypertrophy were observed.CONCLUSIONS: High-precision heart irradiation with 8 and 16 Gy using an 8 ? 6-mm2 beam induced cardiac amyloidosis and hypertrophy, which did not lead to myocardial dysfunction despite the presence of radiation pneumopathy in the small V16 of the exposed lung. By using the improved irradiation plan (V16: 7%), long-term survival of the mice after heart irradiation can be achieved that allows clinically relevant experimental investigation of late radiation-induced heart disease effects.
|
['Animals', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation', 'Female', 'Heart', 'Lung', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Organs at Risk', 'Radiation Injuries, Experimental', 'Safety', 'Survival Analysis', 'Time Factors', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed']
| 29,680,258
|
[['B01.050'], ['E05.799.513.500', 'G01.750.740.500', 'G04.712.500', 'G07.225', 'G07.738.500', 'N06.850.810.250.180'], ['A07.541'], ['A04.411'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['A01.635'], ['C26.733.720', 'E05.598.500.750', 'G01.750.748.500.720', 'N06.850.460.350.850.500.285', 'N06.850.810.300.360.285'], ['N06.850.135.060.075'], ['E05.318.740.998', 'N05.715.360.750.795', 'N06.850.520.830.998'], ['G01.910.857'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein-Related Protein 1 Inhibit Retinal Neovascularization in the Mouse Model of Oxygen-Induced Retinopathy.
|
PURPOSE: To explore the inhibitory effect of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-related protein 1 (IGFBP-rP1) on retinal angiogenesis and its underlying molecular mechanisms in the mouse model of oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR).METHODS: C57BL/6J mice were classified into three groups as control group, OIR nonintervention group, and OIR intervention group. Postnatal day 12 (P12) mice in OIR intervention group were received recombinant mouse IGFBP-rP1 (50, 100, and 200 ng/mL) intravitreal injection. Five days later, the proliferative neovascular responses were estimated by quantifying the new vessel areas in flattening retinal tissues stained by high molecular fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran and counting the numbers of neovascular cell nuclei breaking through the internal limiting membrane in cross sections. Expressions of phospho-extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (p-ERK1/2), ERK1/2, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) proteins in retinal tissues were assessed by western blot analysis.RESULTS: Irregular neovascularization, nonperfusion region, and fluorescence leakage were observed in OIR models. The expression of retinal p-ERK1/2 and VEGF proteins were significantly upregulated in OIR nonintervention group compared with control group. The area ratio of retinal new vessels and the number of neovascular cell nuclei in OIR intervention group both decreased significantly, following the downregulation of retinal p-ERK1/2 protein expression and VEGF protein expression in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, there was no significant difference in retinal ERK1/2 protein expression.CONCLUSIONS: IGFBP-rP1 inhibits retinal angiogenesis by blocking ERK signaling pathway and downregulating VEGF expression in the mouse model of OIR. It highlights the potential importance of IGFBP-rP1 serving as a target of gene therapy for retinal neovascularization in the future.
|
['Animals', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Proteins', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Oxygen', 'Retinal Neovascularization', 'Retinal Vessels']
| 28,402,720
|
[['B01.050'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['D12.776.157.420'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['D01.268.185.550', 'D01.362.670'], ['C11.768.725', 'C23.550.589.500.725'], ['A07.015.611']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Progression of Type 2 Helper T Cell-Type Inflammation and Airway Remodeling in a Rodent Model of Naturally Acquired Subclinical Primary Pneumocystis Infection.
|
Subclinical primary Pneumocystis infection is the most common pulmonary infection in early infancy, making it important to determine whether it damages the lung. Pneumocystis peaks at 2 to 5 months of age, when respiratory morbidity coincidently increases. We have documented that Pneumocystis increases mucus production in infant lungs, and animal models reveal lung lesions that warrant characterization. Herein, immunocompetent rats infected at birth with Pneumocystis by cohabitation, to resemble community-acquired infection, underwent lung assessments at 45, 60, and 75 days of age. Lungs fixed by vascular perfusion to prevent collapse during necropsy were used for morphometry evaluations of mucus production, airway epithelial thickening, perivascular and peribronchiolar inflammation, and structural airway remodeling. Changes in these histologic features indicate lung disease. Selected immune markers were assessed in parallel using fresh-frozen lung tissue from sibling rats of the same cages. Sequential activation of NF-êB and an increased Gata3/T-bet mRNA level ratio, consistent with a type 2 helper T-cell-type inflammatory response, and subacute fibrosis were recognized. Therefore, documenting subclinical Pneumocystis infection induces lung disease in the immunocompetent host. Taken together with the peak age of primary Pneumocystis infection, results warrant investigating the clinical impact of this often subclinical infection on the severity of respiratory diseases in early infancy. This model can also be used to assess the effects of airway insults, including coinfections by recognized respiratory pathogens.
|
['Animals', 'Bronchioles', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Disease Progression', 'Extracellular Matrix', 'Female', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Immunocompetence', 'Inflammation Mediators', 'Mucus', 'NF-kappa B', 'Pneumonia, Pneumocystis', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Respiratory Mucosa', 'Signal Transduction', 'Th2 Cells']
| 29,169,991
|
[['B01.050'], ['A04.411.125.500'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['C23.550.291.656'], ['A11.284.295.310'], ['G05.308'], ['G12.460'], ['D23.469'], ['A12.200.503'], ['D05.500.672', 'D12.776.260.600', 'D12.776.660.600', 'D12.776.930.600'], ['C01.150.703.534.700', 'C01.150.703.770.700', 'C01.748.435.700', 'C01.748.610.675', 'C08.381.472.700', 'C08.381.677.675', 'C08.730.435.700', 'C08.730.610.675'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['A04.760', 'A10.615.550.760'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.550.500.400.905', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.200.400.905', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.500.400.905', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.550.500.400.750', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.200.400.750', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.500.400.750', 'A15.382.490.555.567.550.500.400.905', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.200.400.905', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.500.400.905']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Mentally represented motor actions in normal aging. I. Age effects on the temporal features of overt and covert execution of actions.
|
The present study examines the temporal features of overt and covert actions as a function of normal aging. In the first experiment, we tested three motor tasks (walking, sit-stand-sit, arm pointing) that did not imply any particular spatiotemporal constraints, and we compared the duration of their overt and covert execution in three different groups of age (mean ages: 22.5, 66.2 and 73.4 years). We found that the ability of generating motor images did not differentiate elderly subjects from young subjects. Precisely, regarding overt and covert durations, subjects presented similarities for the walking and pointing tasks and dissimilarities for the stand-sit-stand task. Furthermore, the timing variability of imagined movements was always greater compared to actual movements and was of the same amount in the three groups of age. In the second experiment, we investigated the effect of age (three groups with mean ages: 22, 64.8 and 73.2 years) upon temporal characteristics of covert and overt movements involving strong spatiotemporal constraints (speed/accuracy trade-off paradigm). During overt execution young and elderly subjects respected Fitts's law despite the fact that movement speed progressively decreased with age. Thus, while execution is deteriorated, the motor preparation process is still intact in old age, and follows well-known laws of biological motions. For covert execution, movement speed progressively decreased with age but elderly subjects did not respect Fitts's law. This suggests that the generation and control of motor intentions that consciously do not come to execution, particularly those concerning complex motor actions are progressively perturbed in the aging brain.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aging', 'Analysis of Variance', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Imagination', 'Intention', 'Male', 'Motor Skills', 'Task Performance and Analysis', 'Time Factors']
| 16,165,229
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['G07.345.124'], ['E05.318.740.150', 'N05.715.360.750.125', 'N06.850.520.830.150'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F02.463.188.634'], ['F01.658.650', 'F02.463.306'], ['F02.808.260'], ['F02.784.412.846', 'F02.784.692.746', 'F02.808.600'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Prognostic value of six minute walk test in cystic fibrosis adults.
|
BACKGROUND: The 6 min walk test (6MWT) provides prognostic information in various respiratory diseases, but limited data exist in cystic fibrosis (CF) adults.METHODS: Consecutive CF adults who performed 6MWT at Cochin Hospital (Paris, France) over 12 years were analyzed. The cut-off 6 min walking distance (6MWD) value that best predicted a combined endpoint (death without transplant or lung transplant) was established using a receiver operating curve. Determinants of low 6MWD or of desaturation (SpO2 ? 90%) during 6MWT were examined using multivariate logistic regressions. Prognostic value of these variables was assessed using Kaplan-Meier and Cox analyses.RESULTS: 6MWT was performed in 286 CF adults (median: age, 28 yr; FEV1, 45% predicted) of whom 14% (n = 40) had lung transplant and 6% (n = 18) died without transplant. 6MWD correlated with FEV1% predicted (r = 0.43; P < 0.001), but markedly differed in subjects within the same range of FEV1. A 6MWD ? 475 m predicted death or transplant and was mostly found in patients with FEV1 ? 60% predicted. Desaturation during the 6MWT occurred in 29% of patients, exclusively in subjects with FEV1 ? 60% predicted. Both 6MWD ? 475 m and desaturation during the 6MWT were independent predictors of death or transplant.CONCLUSION: The 6MWT provides prognostic information in CF adults, especially in subjects with FEV1 ? 60% predicted.
|
['Adult', 'Cystic Fibrosis', 'Exercise Test', 'Female', 'Forced Expiratory Volume', 'Humans', 'Kaplan-Meier Estimate', 'Male', 'Oxygen', 'Prognosis', 'ROC Curve', 'Walking']
| 24,157,200
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['C06.689.202', 'C08.381.187', 'C16.320.190', 'C16.614.213'], ['E01.370.370.380.250', 'E01.370.386.700.250', 'E05.333.250'], ['E01.370.386.700.660.230', 'G09.772.650.430'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.740.998.650', 'N05.715.360.750.795.650', 'N06.850.520.830.998.650'], ['D01.268.185.550', 'D01.362.670'], ['E01.789'], ['E05.318.370.800.750', 'E05.318.740.872.750', 'N05.715.360.325.700.680', 'N06.850.520.445.800.750'], ['G11.427.410.568.900', 'G11.427.410.698.277.937', 'I03.350.937', 'I03.450.642.845.940']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Mutant presenilin 2 causes abnormality in the brain lipid profile in the development of Alzheimer's disease.
|
Mutation in the presenilin 2 (PS2mt) is known to be one of factors involved in the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). It was recently revealed that an abnormality of lipid metabolism is a phenomenon occurring in AD. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the potential relationship between the mutation of PS2 and alterations of the lipid profile within the brain. The results showed there increases in the levels of cholesterol, low density lipoprotein and triglyceride, but a decrease in the level of high density lipoprotein in brain tissues expressing mutant PS2. These findings indicated that PS2mt is involved in the abnormalities of the lipid profile, which could cause or result in the development of AD.
|
['Age Factors', 'Alzheimer Disease', 'Animals', 'Brain', 'Cholesterol', 'Cholesterol, HDL', 'Cholesterol, LDL', 'Colorimetry', 'Lipid Metabolism', 'Lipoproteins', 'Mice', 'Mice, Transgenic', 'Mutation', 'Presenilin-2', 'Triglycerides']
| 17,121,184
|
[['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['C10.228.140.380.100', 'C10.574.945.249', 'F03.615.400.100'], ['B01.050'], ['A08.186.211'], ['D04.210.500.247.222.284', 'D04.210.500.247.808.197', 'D10.570.938.208'], ['D04.210.500.247.808.197.238', 'D10.532.432.400', 'D10.570.938.208.270', 'D12.776.521.479.470'], ['D04.210.500.247.808.197.244', 'D10.532.515.500', 'D10.570.938.208.275', 'D12.776.521.550.500'], ['E05.196.922.250'], ['G03.458'], ['D10.532', 'D12.776.521'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.136.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800'], ['G05.365.590'], ['D12.776.543.696.750'], ['D10.351.801']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Mucosal expression of nerve growth factor and brain-derived neurotrophic factor in chronic rhinosinusitis.
|
BACKGROUND: Allergic rhinitis (AR) is characterized in part by hyperresponsiveness to nonspecific stimuli, a phenomenon that reflects the fundamental role of nasal neural pathways in chronic airway inflammation. Neurotrophins may serve pivotal roles in mediating hyperresponsiveness in allergic airway disease, although the role of such neurogenic mediators in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is not well understood. This study was designed to examine the expression of two potent neurotrophins, nerve growth factor (NGF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), in CRS.METHODS: Inferior turbinate and sinus mucosa were obtained from CRS patients with and without nasal polyps (NPs) and from nonallergic controls. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used for quantitative determination of tissue concentrations of NGF and BDNF.RESULTS: Ninety-four tissue samples from 48 patients were included. Mean concentration of NGF in sinus mucosa was significantly higher in CRS than controls. CRS without NPs was associated with a 60% increase in sinus NGF over controls (p < 0.05), and CRS with NPs was associated with a 140% increase (p < 0.05). Mean sinus NGF concentration was significantly elevated in allergic subjects compared with controls (p < 0.01). A similar trend was noted in subjects with nonallergic CRS, although this did not reach significance. Mean BDNF concentration was decreased in CRS compared with controls, with the most significant decrease in patients with polyps (p < 0.05). Mean turbinate concentration of both NGF and BDNF were similar in controls and CRS.CONCLUSION: Increased expression of NGF may contribute to neural hyperresponsiveness in CRS sinus mucosa, particularly those patients with NP and/or allergies. BDNF expression is decreased in CRS sinus mucosa. Alterations in neurogenic inflammation may contribute to the pathophysiology of CRS and provide alternative therapeutic targets.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Chronic Disease', 'Female', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Mucous Membrane', 'Nasal Polyps', 'Nerve Growth Factor', 'Neuroimmunomodulation', 'Paranasal Sinuses', 'Rhinitis', 'Sinusitis', 'Tissue Extracts']
| 19,958,603
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D12.644.276.860.100', 'D12.776.467.860.100', 'D12.776.631.600.100', 'D23.529.850.100'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['C23.550.291.500'], ['G05.308'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['A10.615.550'], ['C08.460.572', 'C09.603.557', 'C23.300.825.557'], ['D12.644.276.860.437', 'D12.776.467.860.437', 'D12.776.631.600.437', 'D23.529.850.437'], ['G07.265.758', 'G11.561.630', 'G12.535.575'], ['A04.531.621'], ['C01.748.674', 'C08.460.799', 'C08.730.674', 'C09.603.799'], ['C01.748.749', 'C08.460.692.752', 'C08.730.749', 'C09.603.692.752'], ['D20.777']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Clinicopathological analysis of 114 cases of typical Kaposi's sarcoma in Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region, China.
|
The present study aimed to investigate the clinicopathological features of cases of classic Kaposi's sarcoma (CKS) in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China, and analyze its etiology and treatment. A total of 114 patients, who were clinicopathologically diagnosed with CKS at the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University (Urumqi, China) between 1980 and 2015 were retrospectively analyzed. The clinicopathological features of CKS were summarized, and its demographic distribution, pathogenesis, etiology and treatment were examined. The results revealed that, among the 114 patients with CKS, 100 patients were men and 14 patients were women, with a respective ratio of 7:1. The average age of these patients was 57.5 years old, and 97 of the patients were from the Uygur Autonomous Region (85.1%). Among the 114 patients, 60 patients (52.6%) were from Southern Xinjiang, 50 patients (43.9%) were from Northern Xinjiang and four patients (3.5%) were from Eastern Xinjiang. It was found that CKS in the Uygur ethnic group of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region had unique clinicopathological features. The occurrence of CKS in Xinjiang may be associated with human herpes virus 8 infection, ethnicity‑based susceptibility and lifestyle.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Age of Onset', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Biopsy', 'China', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasm Staging', 'Sarcoma, Kaposi', 'Skin', 'Young Adult']
| 28,849,228
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['N05.715.350.075.100', 'N06.850.490.250.100'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['E01.370.225.500.384.100', 'E01.370.225.998.054', 'E01.370.388.100', 'E04.074', 'E05.200.500.384.100', 'E05.200.998.054', 'E05.242.384.100'], ['Z01.252.474.164'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.789.625'], ['C01.925.256.466.860', 'C04.557.450.795.850', 'C04.557.645.750'], ['A17.815'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Conformational analysis in a multidimensional energy landscape: study of an arginylglutamate repeat.
|
The identification of the distinct conformation classes of a molecule is a common and often crucial step in establishing structure-function relationships. Many different methods have been suggested for that purpose which differ in their choice of a (dis)similarity measure and clustering algorithm. The present study discusses and analyzes these issues, proposing a method based on principal component analysis (PCA), which is applied to conformations obtained from molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of an arginylglutamate repeat. Simulations are done at different pH values, using both standard MD and constant-pH MD methods, with the peptide displaying a very high conformational variety. The conformational analysis starts with a comprehensive comparison of different sets of conformational coordinates and of their ability to preserve structural similarity between conformations. The selected set of conformational coordinates is then used to investigate the preservation of structural similarity after PCA transformation, concluding the need of using a multidimensional conformation space. This conformation space is then used to derive a multidimensional probability density and the corresponding energy landscape. The application of a simple cutoff algorithm to the resulting multidimensional landscape is then shown to produce a consistent set of distinct and homogeneous conformation classes. Overall, this methodology provides an efficient way to identify the major conformation classes of a molecule in a way that directly reflects the density of states in the multidimensional conformation space, contrasting with the more heuristic nature of standard clustering methods.
|
['Dipeptides', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Molecular Dynamics Simulation', 'Oligopeptides', 'Principal Component Analysis', 'Protein Conformation', 'Repetitive Sequences, Amino Acid', 'Thermodynamics']
| 19,778,072
|
[['D12.644.456.345'], ['G02.300'], ['E05.599.595.500', 'G02.111.570.895', 'L01.224.160.500'], ['D12.644.456'], ['E05.318.740.562'], ['G02.111.570.820.709'], ['G02.111.570.060.720', 'G02.111.570.820.709.275.875'], ['G01.906']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The effects of itraconazole on the immune responses in ICR mice.
|
Effects of itraconazole (ICZ) on the immune responses were studied in ICR mice. Mice were divided into 5 groups (10 mice/group), and ICZ at doses of 10, 20, 40 and 80 mg/kg were orally administered to mice once a day for 21 days. Mice were immunized and challenged with sheep red blood cells (SRBC). The body weight gains and the relative weights of spleen and thymus were dose-dependently increased following ICZ treatment. However, Plaque forming cells (PFC) and hemagglutination (HA) titers to SRBC were significantly suppressed in mice doses at 80 mg/kg ICZ, as compared with those in controls. Delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reaction to SRBC, phagocyte activity and circulating leukocytes also were significantly decreased in mice dosed at 40 and 80 mg/kg ICZ. These studies demonstrate that ICZ treatment results in a marked suppression in both humoral and cell-mediated immune responses to SRBC at concentrations producing embryotoxicity.
|
['Animals', 'Antibody-Producing Cells', 'Body Weight', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Erythrocytes', 'Hemagglutination Tests', 'Hypersensitivity, Delayed', 'Immunity', 'Immunization', 'Itraconazole', 'Leukocyte Count', 'Lymphoid Tissue', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred ICR', 'Organ Size', 'Phagocytes', 'Sheep']
| 8,207,763
|
[['B01.050'], ['A11.063', 'A15.382.032'], ['C23.888.144', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120', 'E05.041.124.160.750', 'G07.100.100.160.120', 'G07.345.249.314.120'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['A11.118.290', 'A11.443.240', 'A15.145.229.334'], ['E01.370.225.812.735.050.375', 'E05.200.812.735.050.375', 'E05.478.594.760.050.375'], ['C20.543.418'], ['G12.450'], ['E02.095.465.425.400', 'E05.478.550', 'N02.421.726.758.310', 'N06.850.780.200.425', 'N06.850.780.680.310'], ['D03.383.129.799.550', 'D03.383.606.530'], ['E01.370.225.500.195.107.595', 'E01.370.225.625.107.595', 'E05.200.500.195.107.595', 'E05.200.625.107.595', 'E05.242.195.107.595', 'G04.140.107.595', 'G09.188.105.595'], ['A10.549', 'A15.382.520.604'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.510', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.510'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.660', 'E05.041.124.715', 'G07.100.100.660', 'G07.345.249.690'], ['A11.733', 'A15.382.680'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.791']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Linkage of multiequilibria in DNA recognition by the D53H Escherichia coli cAMP receptor protein.
|
The transcription factor cyclic AMP receptor protein, CRP, regulates the operons that encode proteins involved in translocation and metabolism of carbohydrates in Escherichia coli. The structure of the CRP-cAMP complex reveals the presence of two sets of cAMP binding sites. Solution biophysical studies show that there are two high-affinity and two low-affinity binding sites, to which the binding of cAMP is characterized by varying degrees of cooperativity. A stoichiometry of four implies that potentially CRP can exist in five conformers with different numbers of bound cAMP. These conformers may exhibit differential affinities for specific DNA sequences. In this study, the affinity between DNA and each conformer of D53H CRP was defined through a dissection of the thermodynamic linkage scheme that included all the conformers. Loading of the high- and low-affinity sites with cAMP leads to high and low affinity for DNA, respectively. The specific magnitude of the binding constants of these conformers is DNA sequence dependent. The various association constants defined by the present study provide a solution to address an enigma of the CRP system, namely, the 3 orders of magnitude difference between the cAMP binding constants determined by in vitro studies and the cAMP concentration regime to which the bacteria respond. Under physiological conditions, the apo-CRP-DNA complex is the dominant species. As a consequence of the 1000-fold stronger affinity of cAMP to the apo-CRP-DNA complex than that to CRP, the relevant reaction is the binding of cAMP to this DNA-protein complex. The binding constant is of the order of 10(7) M(-)(1), the same concentration regime as that of cellular concentration of cAMP. In addition, under physiological conditions the species that binds to the lac and gal operons is predicted to be CRP-(cAMP)(1). A comparison of parameters between the wild type and the mutant CRP shows that the mutation apparently shifts the various thermodynamically linked equilibria without a change in the basic mechanism that governs CRP activities. Thus, the conclusions derived from a study of the mutant are relevant to wild-type CRP. A dissection of the individual binding constants in this multiequilibria reaction scheme leads to a definition of the mechanism of action of this transcription factor.
|
['Amino Acid Substitution', 'Aspartic Acid', 'Binding Sites', 'Cyclic AMP', 'Cyclic AMP Receptor Protein', 'Cyclic GMP', 'DNA, Bacterial', 'DNA-Binding Proteins', 'Escherichia coli Proteins', 'Galactose', 'Histidine', 'Kinetics', 'Lactose', 'Point Mutation', 'Protein Binding', 'Protein Conformation', 'Thermodynamics']
| 12,475,242
|
[['E05.393.420.601.035', 'G05.558.109'], ['D12.125.067.500', 'D12.125.119.170', 'D12.125.427.040'], ['G02.111.570.120'], ['D03.633.100.759.646.138.395', 'D13.695.462.200', 'D13.695.667.138.395', 'D13.695.827.068.395'], ['D12.776.930.165'], ['D03.633.100.759.646.454.160', 'D13.695.462.275', 'D13.695.667.454.160', 'D13.695.827.426.160'], ['D13.444.308.212'], ['D12.776.260'], ['D12.776.097.275'], ['D09.947.875.359.377'], ['D12.125.072.329', 'D12.125.142.308'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['D09.698.629.305.340', 'D09.947.750.340'], ['G05.365.590.675'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808'], ['G02.111.570.820.709'], ['G01.906']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Increased gene transfer in acute myeloid leukemic cells by an adenovirus vector containing a modified fiber protein.
|
Applications of gene transfer in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) blast cells have still not been developed, mostly due to the lack of an efficient vector. Adenoviruses have many advantages as vectors, but remain poorly efficient in cells lacking fiber receptors. A promising strategy is the retargeting of adenoviruses to other cellular receptors. We report the dramatic enhancement of gene transfer efficiency in AML blasts using AdZ.F(pK7), a modified adenovirus containing a heparin/heparan sulfate binding domain incorporated into the fiber protein of the adenovirus. We transduced 25 AML blast samples with efficiency reaching 100% of the cells in most samples. Optimal results were obtained at 8400 physical particles per cell, corresponding to a multiplicity of infection of 100 plaque forming units per cell. Control AdZ.F adenovirus efficiently transduced leukemic cell lines but gave poor results in AML samples. Both addition of soluble heparin and cell treatment with heparinase inhibited AdZ.F(pK7) gene transfer, showing that heparan sulfates are the major receptors mediating AdZ.F(pK7) transduction of AML blasts. Although adenoviruses can infect nondividing cells, we observed that a combination of growth factors (GM-CSF, IL-3, stem cell factor) was required for efficient transduction in order to maintain AML blast cell viability. This study demonstrates that retargeting the adenovirus fiber protein to heparan sulfates can overcome the low efficiency of adenovirus in AML blast cells and may provide a useful tool for gene therapy approaches in AML.
|
['Acute Disease', 'Adenoviridae', 'Capsid', 'Capsid Proteins', 'Cell Line', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Genetic Therapy', 'Genetic Vectors', 'Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor', 'Heparin', 'Heparitin Sulfate', 'Humans', 'Interleukin-3', 'Leukemia, Myeloid', 'Stem Cell Factor', 'Transfection', 'beta-Galactosidase']
| 10,435,081
|
[['C23.550.291.125'], ['B04.280.030'], ['A21.249.500.250'], ['D12.776.964.970.600.550'], ['A11.251.210'], ['A11.251'], ['E02.095.301', 'E05.393.420.301'], ['G05.360.337'], ['D12.644.276.374.410.240.375', 'D12.776.395.240.300', 'D12.776.467.374.410.240.375', 'D23.529.374.410.240.375'], ['D09.698.373.400'], ['D09.698.373.425'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.644.276.374.410.240.400', 'D12.644.276.374.465.032', 'D12.776.395.240.400', 'D12.776.467.374.410.240.400', 'D12.776.467.374.465.032', 'D23.529.374.410.240.400', 'D23.529.374.465.169'], ['C04.557.337.539'], ['D12.644.276.374.410.800', 'D12.776.467.374.410.800', 'D23.529.374.410.800'], ['E05.393.350.810', 'G05.728.860'], ['D08.811.277.450.410.100']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Idealizing parenthood to rationalize parental investments.
|
Although raising children has largely negative effects on parents' emotional well-being, parenthood is often idealized as a uniquely emotionally rewarding role. We tested the hypothesis that belief in myths idealizing parenthood helps parents cope with the dissonance aroused by the high financial cost of raising children. In Study 1, parents endorsed the idealization of parenthood more when only the costs of parenting were made salient than when both the costs of parenting and the long-term benefits of having children were made salient. When dissonant feelings were measured before idealization of parenthood, these feelings mediated the influence of the salient information on idealization of parenthood. In Study 2, participants reported greater enjoyment of the time they spent with their children and intended to spend more leisure time with their children when only parenting costs were made salient than when the long-term benefits of having children were also made salient (or when no costs or benefits of having children were made salient). We discuss the implications of our results for parental-investment theory and for the propagation of myths idealizing parenthood.
|
['Adaptation, Psychological', 'Adult', 'Child', 'Economics', 'Emotions', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Parent-Child Relations', 'Parenting', 'Parents', 'Personal Satisfaction', 'Rationalization', 'Stress, Psychological']
| 21,245,495
|
[['F01.058'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.406'], ['I01.261', 'N03.219'], ['F01.470'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.829.263.370.290'], ['F01.829.263.370.310'], ['F01.829.263.500.320', 'I01.880.853.150.500.340', 'M01.620'], ['F01.145.677'], ['F01.393.746'], ['F01.145.126.990', 'F02.830.900']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
How should we implement collaborative care for older people with depression? A qualitative study using normalisation process theory within the CASPER plus trial.
|
BACKGROUND: Depression in older people may have a prevalence as high as 20%, and is associated with physical co-morbidities, loss, and loneliness. It is associated with poorer health outcomes and reduced quality of life, and is under-diagnosed and under-treated. Older people may find it difficult to speak to their GPs about low mood, and GPs may avoid identifying depression due to limited consultation time and referral options for older patients.METHODS: A qualitative study nested within a randomised controlled trial for older people with moderate to severe depression: the CASPER plus Trial (Care for Screen Positive Elders). We interviewed patient participants, GPs, and case managers (CM) to explore patients' and professionals' views on collaborative care developed for older people, and how this model could be implemented at scale. Transcripts were analysed thematically using normalization process theory.RESULTS: Thirty-three interviews were conducted. Across the three data-sets, four main themes were identified based on the main principles of the Normalization Process Theory: understanding of collaborative care, interaction between patients and professionals, liaison between GPs and case managers, and the potential for implementation.CONCLUSIONS: A telephone-delivered intervention, incorporating behavioural activation, is acceptable to older people with depression, and is deliverable by case managers. The collaborative care framework makes sense to case managers and has the potential to optimize patient outcomes, but implementation requires integration in day to day general practice. Increasing GPs' understanding of collaborative care might improve liaison and collaboration with case managers, and facilitate the intervention through better support of patients. The CASPER plus model, delivering therapy to older adults with depression by telephone, offers the potential for implementation in a resource-poor health service.
|
['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Attitude of Health Personnel', 'Attitude to Health', 'Case Managers', 'Cooperative Behavior', 'Depressive Disorder, Major', 'Female', 'General Practice', 'General Practitioners', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Mental Health Services', 'Patient Acceptance of Health Care', 'Patient Health Questionnaire', 'Psychotherapy', 'Qualitative Research', 'Telephone']
| 30,021,506
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['F01.100.050', 'N05.300.100'], ['F01.100.150', 'N05.300.150'], ['M01.526.070.245', 'M01.526.485.215', 'N02.360.215'], ['F01.145.813.115'], ['F03.600.300.375'], ['H02.403.340'], ['M01.526.485.810.485', 'N02.360.810.485'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F04.408', 'N02.421.461'], ['F01.100.150.750.500', 'F01.145.488.887.500', 'N05.300.150.800.500'], ['E05.318.308.980.493', 'F04.711.580', 'N05.715.360.300.800.485', 'N06.850.520.308.980.485'], ['F04.754'], ['H01.770.644.241.850'], ['L01.178.847.698']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
New crosstalk between probiotics Lactobacillus plantarum and Bacillus subtilis.
|
It was reported that oral administration of Bacillus favored the growth of Lactobacillus in the intestinal tract. Here, this phenomenon was confirmed by co-cultivation of Bacillus subtilis 168 and Lactobacillus plantarum SDMCC050204-pL157 in vitro. To explain the possible molecular mechanisms, B. subtilis 168 cells were incubated in simulated intestinal fluid at 37 °C for 24 h, and up to 90% of cells autolysed in the presence of bile salts. Addition of the autolysate to medium inoculated with Lb. plantarum SDMCC050204 decreased the concentration of H2O2 in the culture, alleviated DNA damage and increased the survival of Lb. plantarum, as like the results of exogenous heme addition. These results suggested that the autolysate provided heme, which activated the heme-dependent catalase KatA in Lb. plantarum SDMCC050204. HPLC confirmed the presence of heme in the autolysate. Disruption of the Lb. plantarum SDMCC050204 katA gene abolished the protective effect of the B. subtilis 168 autolysate against H2O2 stress. We thus hypothesized that the beneficial effect of Bacillus toward Lactobacillus was established through activation of the heme-dependent catalase and remission of the damage of reactive oxygen species against Lactobacillus. This study raised new crosstalk between the two frequently-used probiotics, highlighting heme-dependent catalase as the key mediator.
|
['Bacillus subtilis', 'Catalase', 'Heme', 'Hydrogen Peroxide', 'Intestines', 'Lactobacillus plantarum', 'Microbial Interactions', 'Probiotics', 'Reactive Oxygen Species']
| 31,511,589
|
[['B03.300.390.400.158.218.725', 'B03.353.500.100.218.725', 'B03.510.100.100.218.725', 'B03.510.415.400.158.218.725', 'B03.510.460.410.158.218.725'], ['D08.811.682.732.332'], ['D03.383.129.578.840.500.640.587', 'D03.633.400.909.500.640.587', 'D04.345.783.500.640.587', 'D23.767.727.640.587'], ['D01.248.497.158.685.750.424', 'D01.339.431.374.424', 'D01.650.550.750.400', 'D02.389.338.253'], ['A03.556.124'], ['B03.353.750.450.475.612', 'B03.510.460.400.410.475.475.612', 'B03.510.550.450.475.612'], ['G06.550'], ['G07.203.300.456.500', 'J02.500.456.500'], ['D01.339.431', 'D01.650.775']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Survey of tick infestation in small ruminants of Miesso district, West Harergie, Oromia Region, Ethiopia.
|
A survey was conducted to identify tick species and determine the prevalence of tick infestation in small ruminants of Miesso District, West Harergie Zone. Collection and identification of the ticks were undertaken from November 2007 to April 2008. All visible individual adult ticks were collected from the body of 328 goats and 40 sheep. The prevalence of tick infestation in goats and sheep was found to be 89.9% and 87.5%, respectively. In this study, ten species of ticks which grouped under four genera were identified. The most abundant species found in this study were Boophilus decoloratus (60%), Rhipicephalus pulchellus (25.1%), and Amblyomma gemma (11%). Hyalomma dromedarii was the minor species observed on goats. The difference in the prevalence of tick infestation between sheep and goats was not statistically significant (Chi( 2 ) = 0.22, p = 0.63) but found to be statistically significant between male and females (Chi( 2 ) = 9.8, p = 0.003). Attention should be given to the control and prevention of ticks, since they cause sever damage to the skins of small ruminants and thereby reduce the foreign exchange of the country; they also transmit some diseases which can cause sever loss to the productivity of these animals.
|
['Animals', 'Ethiopia', 'Goat Diseases', 'Goats', 'Prevalence', 'Sheep', 'Sheep Diseases', 'Tick Infestations']
| 19,082,757
|
[['B01.050'], ['Z01.058.290.120.310'], ['C22.405'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.513'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.791'], ['C22.836'], ['C01.610.858.211.857']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Development of phyllanthin-loaded self-microemulsifying drug delivery system for oral bioavailability enhancement.
|
Phyllanthin, a poorly water-soluble herbal active component from Phyllanthus amarus, exhibited a low oral bioavailability. This study aims at formulating self-microemulsifying drug delivery systems (SMEDDS) containing phyllanthin and evaluating their in-vitro and in-vivo performances. Excipient screening was carried out to select oil, surfactant and co-surfactant. Formulation development was based on pseudo-ternary phase diagrams and characteristics of resultant microemulsions. Influences of dilution, pH of media and phyllanthin content on droplet size of the resultant emulsions were studied. The optimized phyllanthin-loaded SMEDDS formulation (phy-SMEDDS) and the resultant microemulsions were characterized by viscosity, self-emulsification performance, stability, morphology, droplet size, polydispersity index and zeta potential. In-vitro dissolution and oral bioavailability in rats of phy-SMEDDS were studied and compared with those of plain phyllanthin. Phy-SMEDDS consisted of phyllanthin/Capryol 90/Cremophor RH 40/Transcutol P (1.38:39.45:44.38:14.79) in % w/w. Phy-SMEDDS could be emulsified completely within 6 min and formed fine microemulsions, with average droplet range of 27-42 nm. Phy-SMEDDS was robust to dilution and pH of dilution media while the resultant emulsion showed no phase separation or drug precipitation after 8 h dilution. The release of phyllanthin from phy-SMEDDS capsule was significantly faster than that of plain phyllanthin capsule irrespective of pH of dissolution media. Phy-SMEDDS was found to be stable for at least 6 months under accelerated condition. Oral absorption of phyllanthin in rats was significantly enhanced by SMEDDS as compared with plain phyllanthin. Our study indicated that SMEDDS for oral delivery of phyllanthin could be an option to enhance its bioavailability.
|
['Administration, Oral', 'Animals', 'Biological Availability', 'Chemistry, Pharmaceutical', 'Drug Delivery Systems', 'Drug Stability', 'Emulsions', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Lignans', 'Male', 'Microscopy, Electron, Scanning', 'Phyllanthus', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Solubility', 'Viscosity']
| 24,237,327
|
[['E02.319.267.100'], ['B01.050'], ['G03.787.151', 'G07.690.725.129'], ['H01.158.703.007', 'H01.181.466'], ['E02.319.300'], ['E05.916.330'], ['D20.280.260', 'D26.255.165.260'], ['G02.300'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.140.450'], ['E01.370.350.515.402.541', 'E05.595.402.541'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.859.797.438.622'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['G02.805'], ['G02.930']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Construction of multi-purpose vectors, pCNS and pCNS-D2, are suitable for collection and functional study of large-scale cDNAs.
|
To efficiently perform collection and functional studies of large-scale cDNAs, we constructed multi-functional cDNA vectors for efficient full-length cDNA cloning, direct sequencing, easy screening, and the expression of cDNA in vitro and in vivo without subcloning the cDNA into other vectors. The constructed vectors, pCNS and pCNS-D2, contain a multi-cloning site for uni-directional full-length cDNA cloning, T7 and Sp6 RNA polymerase promoters for in vitro transcription and translation, and hCMV immediate early promoter and BGH poly(A) to allow expression in mammalian cells. Using these vectors, we constructed full-length enriched cDNA libraries containing 60-75% of the full-length cDNAs using two different oligo-capping methods. The subtracted cDNA libraries could also be constructed by removing of EF1-alpha cDNA, a highly expressed cDNA. In addition, we confirmed the translation of EF1-alpha cDNA in vitro and the expression of luciferase cDNA in mammalian cells. The expression efficiency of luciferase cDNA in different cell lines, such as HeLa, Hep3B, SNU638, and SNU668, showed that pCNS vectors can highly express target genes in different cell types. These results indicated that our multi-purpose vectors, pCNS and pCNS-D2, are useful tools for the construction of full-length cDNA libraries and high-throughput based functional study of cDNAs.
|
['Animals', 'Base Sequence', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'DNA Primers', 'DNA, Complementary', 'Gene Expression', 'Gene Library', 'Genetic Vectors', 'Humans', 'Luciferases', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Peptide Elongation Factor 1', 'Sequence Analysis, DNA']
| 15,109,828
|
[['B01.050'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['D13.695.578.424.450.275', 'D27.720.470.530.600.223.600'], ['D13.444.308.497.220', 'D13.444.600.223.500', 'D27.720.470.530.600.223.260'], ['G05.297'], ['G05.360.325'], ['G05.360.337'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D08.811.682.517', 'D12.776.532.510'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['D08.811.277.040.330.300.100.101', 'D12.776.157.325.150.101', 'D12.776.835.700.350.101'], ['E05.393.760.700']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Gene for alpha 2(I) collagen is on mouse chromosome 6 not 16.
|
Collagen is the most abundant protein in the animal world and a principal component, of the extracellular matrix of tissues. Type I collagen is composed of two alpha 1 chains and one alpha 2 chain. The human alpha 2(I) locus (COL1A2) has been assigned to human chromosome 7q21.3-q22.1. Here, we report the mapping of its murine counterpart Colla-2 to mouse chromosome 6 (MMU6) by Southern blotting using somatic cell hybrids. This result disagrees with the previously reported mapping of Colla-2 to MMU16 by immunochemical techniques. Our results are supported by comparative mapping data showing conserved homology between regions of human chromosome 7 and mouse chromosome 6.
|
['Animals', 'Blotting, Southern', 'Chromosome Mapping', 'Collagen', 'Genes', 'Hybrid Cells', 'Mice']
| 2,781,418
|
[['B01.050'], ['E05.196.401.114', 'E05.301.300.087', 'E05.601.150'], ['E05.393.183'], ['D05.750.078.280', 'D12.776.860.300.250'], ['G05.360.340.024.340'], ['A11.251.600'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma in a young German shepherd dog.
|
An 18-month-old, entire male German shepherd dog was presented with signs indicative of a caudal abdominal space-occupying mass. A needle-core biopsy of this mass failed to establish a definitive diagnosis, but identified a prominent round-cell component. The dog's condition worsened and euthanasia was performed on humane grounds. Histopathology of the mass revealed a mesenchymal chondrosarcoma.
|
['Animals', 'Biopsy, Needle', 'Bone Neoplasms', 'Chondrosarcoma, Mesenchymal', 'Dog Diseases', 'Dogs', 'Male']
| 10,516,952
|
[['B01.050'], ['E01.370.225.500.384.100.119', 'E01.370.225.998.054.119', 'E01.370.388.100.100', 'E04.074.119', 'E04.665.100', 'E05.200.500.384.100.119', 'E05.200.998.054.119', 'E05.242.384.100.119'], ['C04.588.149', 'C05.116.231'], ['C04.557.450.565.280.280', 'C04.557.450.795.300.280'], ['C22.268'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.250.216.200']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Mutations and polymorphisms in hemoglobin genes and the risk of pulmonary hypertension and death in sickle cell disease.
|
Pulmonary hypertension is a common complication of sickle cell disease (SCD) and a risk factor for early death. Hemolysis may participate in its pathogenesis by limiting nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability and producing vasculopathy. We hypothesized that hemoglobin mutations that diminish hemolysis in SCD would influence pulmonary hypertension susceptibility. Surprisingly, coincident alpha-thalassemia (Odds Ratio [OR]=0.95, 95% CI=0.46-1.94, P=NS) was not associated with pulmonary hypertension susceptibility in homozygous SCD. However, pulmonary hypertension cases were less likely to have hemoglobin SC (OR=0.18, 95% confidence interval [CI]=0.06-0.51, P=0.0005) or Sbeta(+) thalassemia (OR=0.25, 95% CI=0.06-1.16, P=0.10). These compound heterozygotes may be protected from pulmonary hypertension because of reduced levels of intravascular hemolysis, but develop this complication at a lower rate possibly due to the presence of non-hemolytic risk factors such as renal dysfunction, iron overload and advancing age. Despite this protective association, patients with SC who did develop pulmonary hypertension remained at significant risk for death during 49 months of follow-up (Hazard Ratio=8.20, P=0.0057).
|
['Adult', 'Age Distribution', 'Alleles', 'Anemia, Sickle Cell', 'Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11', 'Cohort Studies', 'False Positive Reactions', 'Female', 'Genetic Markers', 'Genetic Predisposition to Disease', 'Haplotypes', 'Hemoglobins', 'Humans', 'Hypertension, Pulmonary', 'Male', 'Mutation', 'Phenotype', 'Polymorphism, Genetic', 'Risk Factors', 'Survival Rate', 'alpha-Thalassemia']
| 17,724,704
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['I01.240.050', 'N01.224.033', 'N06.850.505.400.050'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.030'], ['C15.378.071.141.150.150', 'C15.378.420.155', 'C16.320.070.150', 'C16.320.365.155'], ['E05.196.181.400.300'], ['A11.284.187.520.300.325.355', 'G05.360.162.520.300.325.355'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['E01.354.506'], ['D23.101.387', 'G05.695.450'], ['C23.550.291.687.500', 'G05.380.355'], ['G05.380.360'], ['D12.776.124.400', 'D12.776.422.316.762'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C08.381.423', 'C14.907.489.556'], ['G05.365.590'], ['G05.695'], ['G05.365.795'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.900', 'N01.224.935.698.826', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.900', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.900'], ['C15.378.071.141.150.875.100', 'C15.378.420.826.100', 'C16.320.070.875.100', 'C16.320.365.826.100']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
The relation between frontal EEG asymmetry and the risk for anxiety and depression.
|
Frontal asymmetry of EEG alpha power (FA) may index the risk for anxiety and depression. Evidence linking FA to the underlying biological mechanisms is scarce. This is unfortunate because FA has potential as a biological marker to support gene finding in anxiety and depression. We examined the heritability of FA in 732 twins and their singleton siblings, and established the genetic and environmental contribution to the relation between FA and the risk for anxiety and depression. Multivariate models showed that FA is heritable only in young adults (males 32% and females 37%) but not in middle-aged adults. A significant relation between FA and the risk for anxiety and depression was only found in young adult females. This relation was explained by shared genes influencing both EEG and disease risk. Future studies on asymmetry of left and right frontal brain activation should carefully consider the effects of sex and age.
|
['Adult', 'Anxiety Disorders', 'Depressive Disorder', 'Electroencephalography', 'Female', 'Frontal Lobe', 'Functional Laterality', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Personality Inventory', 'Phenotype', 'Risk Factors', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Twins']
| 16,875,773
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['F03.080'], ['F03.600.300'], ['E01.370.376.300', 'E01.370.405.245'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.270'], ['F02.830.297.425', 'G11.561.225.425'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['F04.711.647.513'], ['G05.695'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['M01.438.873']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Laparoscopy for suspected appendicitis in children: May a macroscopically normal appendix be left in situ?
|
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: An appendix which appears macroscopically normal is found in 10%-20% of laparoscopic explorations for suspected appendicitis. The appropriate surgical strategy for these cases is a matter of debate. We analysed a consecutive series of children in whom an inconspicuous appendix was left in situ.MATERIAL AND METHODS: Laparoscopic exploration was performed in 188 consecutive children with suspected appendicitis and an expected need for immediate operation from 2002 to 2006. Our concept included laparoscopic appendectomy in patients with macroscopic signs of inflammation. Normal appearing appendices were left in situ. All patients with a remaining appendix underwent follow-up. Major endpoints were defined as postoperative complications, re-operations for abdominal symptoms, hospital admissions and consultations with medical doctors during the follow-up period. In addition, other symptoms and well-being were assessed.RESULTS: The appendix appeared macroscopically normal in 21 (11%) of the 188 patients (mean age 11.7 years (+/-4.2); 11 f, 10 m), and was therefore left in situ. The immediate postoperative course was uneventful in all patients with a mean hospital stay of 2.7 (+/-1.2) days. During the follow-up period (mean of 25 (+/-17) months), 18 patients (86%) did not or only rarely (< or = 2 times) consult a medical doctor for abdominal symptoms. Three patients (14%) reported more than 2 consultations. No patient was readmitted to hospital or operated for acute appendicitis. At the last follow-up, 20 patients (95%) were entirely symptom-free. One patient complained about persisting right lower quadrant pain, but refused further diagnostic procedures or interventions.CONCLUSION: According to our results, a macroscopically inconspicuous appendix may be left in situ in patients undergoing laparoscopy for suspected appendicitis. However, this conclusion is based on a small number of patients and larger series are mandatory.
|
['Adolescent', 'Appendicitis', 'Appendix', 'Child', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Laparoscopy', 'Male', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 19,347,808
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['C01.463.099', 'C06.405.205.099', 'C06.405.469.110.207'], ['A03.556.124.526.209.290', 'A03.556.249.249.209.290'], ['M01.060.406'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.388.250.520', 'E04.502.250.520'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Metallothionein gene regulation in the preimplantation rabbit blastocyst.
|
Expression of metallothionein (MT) genes in the preimplantation rabbit blastocyst was analysed by determination of the levels of MT mRNA and relative rates of MT synthesis. MT was found to be constitutively expressed at low levels in the blastocyst. Exposure of the day-6 blastocyst to zinc ions in vitro rapidly increased the level of MT gene expression in a dose-dependent manner, with a ten-fold induction in the relative rate of synthesis at 400 microM-Zn2+. Ion-exchange chromatography of pulse-labelled blastocyst protein showed that the relative rates of synthesis of both MT-I and MT-II were markedly increased following zinc treatment, with MT-I being the predominant isometallothionein. Zinc induction of MT synthesis in the blastocyst was also detected on day 4 of gestation just after the morula-to-blastocyst transition. In contrast to the zinc effects on MT, in vitro exposure to 10 microM-Cd2+ resulted in a large induction of MT mRNA but only a modest increase in the relative rate of MT synthesis. Cadmium was found to be toxic to the day-6 blastocyst, and 10 microM-Cd2+ induced an acute stress response as indicated by a dramatic induction of heat-shock protein (HSP-70) gene expression.
|
['Animals', 'Blastocyst', 'Cadmium', 'Chromatography, Ion Exchange', 'Embryonic Development', 'Female', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Metallothionein', 'Pregnancy', 'Rabbits', 'Zinc']
| 3,652,981
|
[['B01.050'], ['A16.254.500'], ['D01.268.556.137', 'D01.268.956.061', 'D01.552.544.137'], ['E05.196.181.400.383'], ['G07.345.500.325.180', 'G08.686.784.170.104'], ['G05.308'], ['D12.776.556.670'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.968.700'], ['D01.268.556.940', 'D01.268.956.906', 'D01.552.544.940']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Giardia intestinalis in patients with nonulcer dyspepsia.
|
BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: Giardiasis may present with dyspeptic symptoms that may mimic other gastrointestinal and/or biliary disorders. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of giardiasis in stool and duodenal aspirate of patients with NUD, assess symptomatic benefit of therapy, and compare the diagnostic tools for giardiasis utilizing stool and duodenal aspirates microscopic evaluation versus ELISA testing.PATIENTS AND METHODS: 109 Patients with endoscopic diagnosis of NUD out of 278 consecutive patients with dyspepsia were included. The severity of dyspepsia and the quality of life were assessed utilizing Rome II criteria and SF-36 for Quality of Life and concomitant stool and/or duodenal aspirate samples were submitted for ELISA antigen test for Giardia intestinalis. Those who tested positive for giardiasis (Group 1) were assigned to receive Tinidazole 2.0g. single dose plus omeprazole for 4weeks and the remaining patients (Group 2) omeprazole alone for 4weeks. One month after therapy, both groups were reassessed and Stool ELISA antigen test for G. intestinalis for Group 1, was performed.RESULTS: ELISA testing of stool (19%) and duodenal aspirates (19%) had significantly better results than microscopic ones in stool (11%) or duodenal aspirates (7%). The two groups were well matched with respect to age, sex, initial results on the Glasgow Dyspepsia Severity Score, prevalence of previously prescribed antisecretory-drug therapy, prevalence of smoking, predominant symptom at presentation, and quality of life. The outcome of patients at 1month, on an intention-to-treat basis, showed that the symptoms were resolved (defined as a score of 0 or 1) in 17 of 21 patients (81%) in Group 1 as compared with 31 of 88 patients (35%) in Group 2 P<0.001. The scores in both groups were lower than those at base line and there was a highly statistically significant difference between both groups.CONCLUSION: G. intestinalis as a cause of dyspepsia should be considered in patients with negative endoscopy and in those who remain symptomatic in spite of adequate treatment for known upper G.I. disorders. NUD associated with the presence of Giardia, had better symptomatic benefit (81%) with specific treatment than controls (35%). ELISA testing of stool (19%) and duodenal aspirates (19%) had significantly better results than microscopic ones in stool (11%) or duodenal aspirates (7%).
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Antiprotozoal Agents', 'Drug Therapy, Combination', 'Duodenum', 'Dyspepsia', 'Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay', 'Feces', 'Female', 'Giardia lamblia', 'Giardiasis', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Microscopy', 'Middle Aged', 'Omeprazole', 'Proton Pump Inhibitors', 'Quality of Life', 'Severity of Illness Index', 'Tinidazole', 'Young Adult']
| 24,206,742
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['D27.505.954.122.250.100'], ['E02.319.310'], ['A03.556.124.684.124', 'A03.556.875.249'], ['C23.888.821.236'], ['E05.478.566.350.170', 'E05.478.566.380.360', 'E05.478.583.400.170', 'E05.601.470.350.170', 'E05.601.470.380.360'], ['A12.459'], ['B01.237.385.400'], ['C01.610.432.481', 'C01.610.752.400', 'C06.405.469.452.481'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.515', 'E05.595', 'H01.671.617.562'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D02.886.640.074.500', 'D03.383.725.024.500', 'D03.633.100.103.034.500'], ['D27.505.519.389.848'], ['I01.800', 'K01.752.400.750', 'N06.850.505.400.425.837'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475.456.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.364.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.364.500'], ['D02.640.672.900', 'D03.383.129.308.658.900'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Is sex of fetus associated with duration of labor in nulliparas?
|
In a post facto study to examine whether sex of fetus was related to duration of nulliparas' labor 30 nulliparous (had not given birth previously) women who delivered boys and 30 others who delivered girls were matched according to the criteria that they were nulliparous, received an epidural for analgesia during labor, and their labors were either induced or augmented. All delivered vaginally. Duration of labor was not statistically significantly related to sex of the fetus.
|
['Female', 'Humans', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Labor, Obstetric', 'Male', 'Pregnancy', 'Sex Characteristics', 'Time Factors']
| 9,400,076
|
[['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['G08.686.784.769.326'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['G08.686.815'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Reach distance and safety standards.
|
The reach of British males of 99th percentile stature over different height barriers was determined to establish reach distances for a proposed Comit? Europeen de Normalisation (CEN) standard. The distances recorded are considerably in excess of those given in the draft West German standard DIN 31001 1984, and those given in the recently published British standard code of practice for safety of machinery BS.5304. Data are included from earlier experiments which show that the safety distances would also be inadequate for the 95th percentile stature British male. It is suggested that reasons for the discrepancies arise mainly from the differences in the way that the reach measurements were obtained.
|
['Adult', 'Body Height', 'Equipment Design', 'Equipment Safety', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Reference Standards', 'United Kingdom']
| 2,806,230
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.160.100', 'E05.041.124.160.500', 'G07.100.100.160.100', 'G07.345.249.314.100'], ['E05.320'], ['E05.330'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.978.808'], ['Z01.542.363']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
|
5-HT3 receptor antagonists. 2. 4-Hydroxy-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid derivatives.
|
A series of 4-hydroxy-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid derivatives (6) and 4-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid derivatives (7) were designed and synthesized as 5-HT3 receptor antagonists. Molecular modeling studies suggested that the 3-carbonyl moiety in 6 was almost coplanar to the plane of an aromatic ring, but in 7 there was a 30 degrees deviation. 4-Hydroxy substitution in quinoline derivatives enhanced affinity for the 5-HT3 receptors, and endo-N-(8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-yl)-4-hydroxy-3- quinolinecarboxamide (6f) exhibited the most potent activity in the Bezold-Jarisch (B-J) reflex test (ED50 = 0.1 micrograms/kg, iv) among quinoline derivatives 6. Although 4-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-3-quinolinecarboxamide derivatives (7a) exhibited higher affinity (e.g., 7d: Ki = 0.48 nM) for the 5-HT3 receptors than ondansetron (Ki = 7.6 nM) or granisetron (Ki = 2.1 nM), these amides showed less potent activity in the B-J reflex test than the reference compounds. Interestingly, the ester derivatives 7c, 7f, and 7h eliminated affinity for the 5-HT3 receptors. These unusual structure-activity relationships and the deviation of the 3-carbonyl moiety from the plane of an aromatic ring suggest that the active conformation of 7a might be different from the proposed one for the preceding 5-HT3 antagonists. Thus, 6f was chosen for further studies. No receptor binding for a variety of ligands was significantly antagonized by 6f. Comparing the ratios of the ED50 value in the B-J reflex test (rat, iv) with the LD50 value in acute lethal toxicity (mouse, iv), 6f was proved to have a 600-fold wider margin of safety than ondansetron. Compound 6f dose-dependently attenuated both the incidence and frequency of emetic episodes induced by cisplatin in the dog (ED50 = 14 micrograms/kg, iv) more potently than ondansetron (ED50 = 210 micrograms/kg, iv). Compound 6f (KF-20170) is now under further investigation as a drug for treating gastrointestinal disorder.
|
['Animals', 'Antiemetics', 'Bridged Bicyclo Compounds', 'Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic', 'Cisplatin', 'Dogs', 'Guinea Pigs', 'Heart Rate', 'Hydrogen Bonding', 'Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Models, Molecular', 'Molecular Structure', 'Ondansetron', 'Quinolines', 'Quipazine', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Receptors, Serotonin', 'Serotonin', 'Serotonin Antagonists', 'Structure-Activity Relationship', 'Vomiting']
| 8,496,941
|
[['B01.050'], ['D27.505.696.663.050.030', 'D27.505.954.427.095', 'D27.505.954.483.200'], ['D02.455.426.100.080', 'D04.075.080'], ['D03.605.084'], ['D01.210.375', 'D01.625.125', 'D01.710.100'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.250.216.200'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.550'], ['E01.370.600.875.500', 'G09.330.380.500'], ['G02.282'], ['E05.196.867.519'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['E05.599.595'], ['G02.111.570', 'G02.466'], ['D03.383.129.308.690', 'D03.633.100.473.144.500', 'D03.633.300.148.500'], ['D03.633.100.810'], ['D03.383.606.827', 'D03.633.100.810.850'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900'], ['D12.776.543.750.670.800', 'D12.776.543.750.695.800', 'D12.776.543.750.720.850'], ['D02.092.211.215.801.852', 'D03.633.100.473.914.814', 'D23.469.050.650'], ['D27.505.519.625.850.850', 'D27.505.696.577.850.850'], ['G02.111.830', 'G07.690.773.997'], ['C23.888.821.937']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Identification of large cryptic plasmids in Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile.
|
Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile is a major bacterial pathogen of both humans and animals. Several species of pathogenic clostridia are known to harbour large plasmids with combinations of virulence, antibiotic resistance and metabolism determinants. Small cryptic plasmids have been previously identified in C. difficile, but there is a lack of recent work examining the prevalence and heterogeneity of plasmids in this diverse bacterial species. A survey of clinical and historical isolates of C. difficile showed that several strains carry large plasmids. Following whole-genome sequencing of these diverse strains, 42-47 kb plasmids with high nucleotide identity were found to be carried in 4.9% (n = 451) of isolates, with no firm connection to the strain backgrounds. These plasmids appear to have arisen as a result of recombination with a bacteriophage, but contain key plasmid features, such as a putative plasmid replication and partitioning locus. As no virulence factors or antibiotic resistance determinants were identified, further work is required to identify the selective advantage that must exist for the host isolates to maintain these large plasmids.
|
['Bacterial Typing Techniques', 'Bacteriophages', 'Clostridioides difficile', 'DNA Replication', 'Genetic Variation', 'Open Reading Frames', 'Phylogeny', 'Plasmids', 'Recombination, Genetic', 'Sequence Analysis, DNA', 'Virulence', 'Virulence Factors']
| 29,702,124
|
[['E01.370.225.875.150.125', 'E05.200.875.150.125'], ['B04.123'], ['B03.353.625.657.500'], ['G02.111.225', 'G05.226'], ['G05.365'], ['G05.360.335.760.640', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.650'], ['G05.697', 'G16.075.605', 'L01.100.697'], ['G05.360.600'], ['G05.728'], ['E05.393.760.700'], ['G06.930'], ['D23.946.896']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Distraction of eye-hand coordination varies with working memory capacity.
|
The authors present a study of the relationship between individual variation in working memory capacity (WMC) and visually guided hand control in the face of visual distraction. WMC was assessed with the automated operation span task. Hand control was measured by requesting participants to track a visual target with a hand-held touch screen pen. Tracking error increased when nontarget visual objects (distractors) appeared, especially in individuals with low WMC. High-WMC individuals are less impaired by distractors than their low-WMC counterpart, because they resume target tracking more quickly after distractor onset. The results suggest that visual distractors cause a momentary interruption to tracking movements and that high WMC attenuates this interruption by facilitating visual search.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Attention', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Individuality', 'Male', 'Memory, Short-Term', 'Photic Stimulation', 'Psychomotor Performance']
| 23,406,167
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['F02.830.104.214'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.752.488'], ['F02.463.425.540.407'], ['E05.723.729'], ['F02.808', 'G11.427.700', 'G11.561.660']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Implicit alcohol cognitions in risky drinking nicotine users with and without co-morbid major depressive disorder.
|
OBJECTIVE: Alcohol consumption, nicotine use, and major depressive disorder (MDD) are highly co-morbid. The negative reinforcement model of addiction would suggest that smokers may consume alcohol to relieve negative affective symptoms, such as those associated with MDD and withdrawal from nicotine. Over time, these behaviors may become so strongly paired together that they automatically activate a desire to use alcohol, even in the absence of conscious or deliberate intention. This study examined implicit alcohol cognitions in 146 risky drinking nicotine users (n=83) and non-users (n=63), to help uncover cognitive mechanisms that link drinking, nicotine use, and depression together. We proposed that nicotine users with a history of MDD would have stronger implicit motivations to drink than non-nicotine users without MDD.METHOD: Participants were assessed on lifetime MDD (n=84) or no MDD (n=62), and then completed an Implicit Association Task designed to test the strength of associations between alcohol pictures and "approach" words.RESULTS: Regression analyses showed that implicit alcohol-approach attitudes were stronger among risky drinking nicotine users than non-users. Alcohol-approach motivations were also stronger among risky drinking nicotine users compared to non-users with a history of MDD; nicotine use was unrelated to implicit alcohol cognitions for risky drinkers without MDD.CONCLUSIONS: Implicit cognitive processes may be targeted in behavioral and pharmacological treatments in risky drinking nicotine users, particularly those with depression comorbidity.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Alcohol Drinking', 'Analysis of Variance', 'Association', 'Comorbidity', 'Depressive Disorder, Major', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Linear Models', 'Male', 'Motivation', 'Neuropsychological Tests', 'Nicotine', 'Risk-Taking', 'Set, Psychology', 'Substance Withdrawal Syndrome', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Tobacco Use']
| 24,531,633
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['F01.145.317.269'], ['E05.318.740.150', 'N05.715.360.750.125', 'N06.850.520.830.150'], ['F02.463.425.069', 'F04.754.720.346'], ['N05.715.350.225', 'N06.850.490.687'], ['F03.600.300.375'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.740.500.500', 'E05.318.740.750.425', 'E05.599.835.750', 'N05.715.360.750.530.460', 'N05.715.360.750.695.460', 'N06.850.520.830.500.500', 'N06.850.520.830.750.425'], ['F01.658', 'F01.752.543.500.750'], ['F04.711.513'], ['D03.132.760.570', 'D03.383.725.518'], ['F01.145.722'], ['F02.463.425.838'], ['C25.775.835', 'F03.900.825'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['F01.145.958']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Knee Society Award Papers Are Highly Cited Works.
|
BACKGROUND: Since 1993, The Knee Society has presented three annual awards recognizing the best research papers presented at the annual meetings. To date, no quantitative evaluation has determined whether the selection process identifies the most meritorious papers based on subsequent citations. In the absence of validation of this process, it is unclear whether the journal readership should view the award-winning papers as those with potentially greater impact for the specialty.QUESTIONS/PURPOSES: (1) Are award papers cited both more than nonaward papers published in the same Knee Society proceedings issue of CORR(®) and more than all other knee research papers published in all issues of CORR(®) during any given year? (2) Does the award selection process identify potentially highly influential knee research?METHODS: Subsequent citations for each award and nonaward paper published in The Knee Society proceedings issue for 2002 to 2008 were determined using the SCOPUS citation index. The citations for all papers on knee surgery published in CORR(®) during the same years were also determined.RESULTS: Mean citations for an award paper were statistically greater than for a nonaward paper: 86 (SD 95; median 55; 95% confidence interval [CI] of the mean, 44-128) versus 33 (SD 30; median 24; 95% CI of the mean, 28-37; p < 0.001). Mean number of citations for award papers was also higher than for all other knee research papers published in nonproceedings issues of CORR(®): 86 (SD 95; median 55; 95% CI of the mean, 44-128) versus 30 (SD 31; median 20; 95% CI for the mean, 25-35; p < 0.001). Twelve of the 22 (54.6%) award papers were in the top five cited papers from the proceedings issue for the respective year versus 24 of the 190 (12.6%) of the nonaward papers (difference in the percentages is 41.9% and the 95% CI for the risk difference is 20.6%-63.3%; p < 0.001). In 3 of 7 years, an award paper was the most cited knee paper published in CORR(®).CONCLUSIONS: The selection process for The Knee Society scientific awards identifies potentially influential papers that are likely to be highly cited in future research articles about the knee.CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The selection process for Knee Society Award Papers appears to identify papers that are potentially influential in the field of knee surgery and are likely to be highly cited in future published articles. As such, these award papers deserve special attention from the readership.
|
['Awards and Prizes', 'Bibliometrics', 'Biomedical Research', 'Humans', 'Orthopedic Procedures', 'Orthopedics', 'Periodicals as Topic', 'Societies, Medical', 'Time Factors']
| 26,013,147
|
[['K01.150'], ['L01.178.682.099.325', 'L01.453.183.291'], ['H01.770.644.145'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.718', 'E04.555'], ['H02.403.810.494'], ['L01.178.682.829.678'], ['N03.540.828.589'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Humanities [K]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Deanol and methylphenidate in minimal brain dysfunction.
|
Deanol, a putative acetylcholine precursor, has been used as a treatment for childhood hyperactivity for years. Efficacy has not been satisfactorily established, however. Seventy-four children referred for problems with learning, including many with hyperactivity, were screened for neurological or psychiatric illness, then given deanol, methylphenidate, or placebo in a double-blind fashion for 3 months. Maintenance dose for methylphenidate was 40 mg daily; for deanol, 500 mg. Behavior rating forms, reaction time, and a series of standard psychometric tests were given before and after treatment. Both drugs showed significant improvement on a number of tests; the pattern and degree of change differed slightly for the two. In this paradigm, deanol thus appeared to improve performance in children with learning and behavior disorders. The mechanism of action remains speculative; proof that deanol increases acetylcholine is scanty, and there is a theoretical basis for actually assuming an anticholinergic effect. Further clinical studies on deanol are indicated.
|
['Analysis of Variance', 'Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity', 'Child', 'Clinical Trials as Topic', 'Deanol', 'Electroencephalography', 'Ethanolamines', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Learning Disabilities', 'Male', 'Methylphenidate', 'Placebos', 'Psychological Tests', 'Psychometrics', 'Reaction Time']
| 1,092,513
|
[['E05.318.740.150', 'N05.715.360.750.125', 'N06.850.520.830.150'], ['F03.625.094.150'], ['M01.060.406'], ['E05.318.372.250.250', 'N05.715.360.330.250.250', 'N06.850.520.450.250.250'], ['D02.033.100.291.274', 'D02.092.063.291.274'], ['E01.370.376.300', 'E01.370.405.245'], ['D02.033.100.291', 'D02.033.375.291', 'D02.092.063.291'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C10.597.606.150.550', 'C23.888.592.604.150.550', 'F03.625.562'], ['D02.241.223.601.600', 'D03.383.621.460'], ['D26.660', 'E02.785'], ['F04.711'], ['F04.711.780'], ['E05.796.817', 'F02.830.650', 'F04.669.817', 'G11.561.677']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
A MADS box protein interacts with a mating-type protein and is required for fruiting body development in the homothallic ascomycete Sordaria macrospora.
|
MADS box transcription factors control diverse developmental processes in plants, metazoans, and fungi. To analyze the involvement of MADS box proteins in fruiting body development of filamentous ascomycetes, we isolated the mcm1 gene from the homothallic ascomycete Sordaria macrospora, which encodes a putative homologue of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae MADS box protein Mcm1p. Deletion of the S. macrospora mcm1 gene resulted in reduced biomass, increased hyphal branching, and reduced hyphal compartment length during vegetative growth. Furthermore, the S. macrospora Deltamcm1 strain was unable to produce fruiting bodies or ascospores during sexual development. A yeast two-hybrid analysis in conjugation with in vitro analyses demonstrated that the S. macrospora MCM1 protein can interact with the putative transcription factor SMTA-1, encoded by the S. macrospora mating-type locus. These results suggest that the S. macrospora MCM1 protein is involved in the transcriptional regulation of mating-type-specific genes as well as in fruiting body development.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Base Sequence', 'Cell Nucleus', 'Cloning, Molecular', 'Fruiting Bodies, Fungal', 'Genes, Mating Type, Fungal', 'MADS Domain Proteins', 'Minichromosome Maintenance 1 Protein', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Mutation', 'Phenotype', 'Sequence Deletion', 'Sequence Homology, Amino Acid', 'Sordariales', 'Tissue Distribution', 'Transcription Factors']
| 16,835,449
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['A11.284.430.106', 'A11.284.430.214.190.875.117'], ['E05.393.220'], ['A19.374'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.364.500.089', 'G05.360.340.358.024.500.089', 'G05.360.340.358.365.500.089'], ['D12.776.260.400.249', 'D12.776.930.397'], ['D12.776.167.409.100', 'D12.776.260.538', 'D12.776.354.562', 'D12.776.660.235.500.100', 'D12.776.664.235.750.100', 'D12.776.930.397.750'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G05.365.590'], ['G05.695'], ['G05.365.590.762', 'G05.558.800'], ['G02.111.810.200', 'G05.810.200'], ['B01.300.107.800'], ['G03.787.917', 'G07.690.725.949'], ['D12.776.930']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Preliminary crystallographic study of an acidic phospholipase A2 from Ophiophagus hannah (king cobra).
|
An acidic phospholipase A(2) (OH APLA(2)-II) with an isoelectric point (pI) of 4.0 was recently isolated from Ophiophagus hannah (king cobra) from Guangxi province, China. Comparison of this enzyme to a previously reported homologous phospholipase A(2) from the same venom shows that it lacks toxicity and exhibits a greater phospholipase activity. OH APLA(2)-II has been crystallized by the hanging-drop vapour-diffusion method using 1,6-hexanediol and magnesium chloride as precipitants. The crystal belongs to space group P6(3), with unit-cell parameters a = b = 98.06, c = 132.39 A. The diffraction data were collected under cryoconditions (100 K) and reduced to 2.1 A resolution. A molecular-replacement solution has been determined and shows that there are six molecules in one asymmetric unit.
|
['Animals', 'China', 'Crystallography, X-Ray', 'Elapid Venoms', 'Elapidae', 'Kinetics', 'Phospholipases A', 'Phospholipases A2']
| 12,351,830
|
[['B01.050'], ['Z01.252.474.164'], ['E05.196.309.742.225'], ['D20.888.850.325', 'D23.946.833.850.325'], ['B01.050.150.900.833.672.125.875'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['D08.811.277.352.100.680.750'], ['D08.811.277.352.100.680.750.937']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
|
NAD(+)-independent aldehyde oxidase catalyzes cofactor balanced 3-hydroxypropionic acid production in Klebsiella pneumoniae.
|
The limiting step for biosynthesis of 3-hydroxypropionic acid (3-HP) in Klebsiella pneumoniae is the conversion of 3-hydroxypropionaldehyde (3-HPA) to 3-HP. This reaction is catalyzed by aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) with NAD(+) as a cofactor. Although NAD(+)-dependent ALDH overexpression facilitates 3-HP biosynthesis, ALDH activity decreases and 3-HP stops accumulation when NAD(+) is exhausted. Here, we show that an NAD(+)-independent aldehyde oxidase (AOX) from Pseudomonas sp. AIU 362 holds promise for cofactor-balanced 3-HP production in K. pneumoniae. The AOX coding gene, alod, was heterologously expressed in E. coli and K. pneumoniae, and their respective crude cell extracts showed 38.1 U/mg and 16.6 U/mg activities toward propionaldehyde. The recombinant K. pneumoniae expressing alod showed 13.7 U/mg activity toward 3-HPA; K m and V max were 6.7 mM and 42 ìM/min/mg, respectively. In shake-flask cultures, the recombinant K. pneumoniae strain produced 0.89 g 3-HP/l, twice that of the control. Moreover, it produced 3 g 3-HP/l during 24 h fed-batch cultivation in a 5 l bioreactor. The results indicate that AOX can efficiently convert 3-HPA into 3-HP.
|
['Aldehyde Dehydrogenase', 'Aldehyde Oxidase', 'Biomass', 'Bioreactors', 'Biotechnology', 'Klebsiella pneumoniae', 'Lactic Acid', 'NAD', 'Pseudomonas', 'Recombinant Proteins']
| 24,980,850
|
[['D08.811.682.657.163.249'], ['D08.811.682.657.163.311'], ['G16.500.275.157.100', 'N06.230.124.100'], ['E07.115', 'J01.897.120.115'], ['H01.158.550', 'J01.897.120'], ['B03.440.450.425.425.600', 'B03.660.250.150.400.590'], ['D02.241.511.459.450'], ['D03.633.100.759.646.138.694', 'D08.211.589', 'D13.695.667.138.694', 'D13.695.827.068.694'], ['B03.440.400.425.625.625', 'B03.660.250.580.590'], ['D12.776.828']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Montelukast inhibits caspase-3 activity and ameliorates oxidative damage in the spinal cord and urinary bladder of rats with spinal cord injury.
|
Spinal cord injury (SCI) leads to an inflammatory response that generates substantial secondary damage within the tissue besides the primary damage. Leukotrienes are biologically active 5-lipoxygenase products of arachidonic acid metabolism that are involved in the mediation of various inflammatory disorders including SCI. In this study, we investigated the possible protective effects of montelukast, a leukotriene receptor blocker, on SCI-induced oxidative damage. Wistar albino rats (n=24) were divided randomly as control, vehicle- or montelukast (10mg/kg, ip)-treated SCI groups. To induce SCI, a standard weight-drop method that induced a moderately severe injury at T10 was used. Vehicle or montelukast were administered to the injured animals 15 min after injury. At seven days post-injury, neurological examination was performed and rats were decapitated. Blood samples were taken to evaluate leukotriene B4 levels, and pro-inflmamatory cytokines (TNF-á, IL-1â) while in spinal cord and urinary bladder samples malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), luminol chemiluminescence (CL) levels and myeloperoxidase (MPO) and caspase-3 activities were determined. Tissues were also evaluated histologically. SCI caused significant decreases in tissue GSH, which were accompanied with significant increases in luminol CL and MDA levels and MPO and caspase-3 activities, while pro-inflammatory cytokines in the plasma were elevated. On the other hand, montelukast treatment reversed these parameters and improved histological findings. In conclusion, SCI caused oxidative tissue injury through the activation of pro-inflammatory mediators and by neutrophil infiltration into tissues, and the neuroprotective and antiapoptotic effects of montelukast are mediated by the inhibition of lipid peroxidation, neutrophil accumulation and pro-inflammatory cytokine release. Moreover, montelukast does not only exert antioxidant and antiapoptotic effects on the spinal cord, but it has a significant impact on the bladder tissue damage secondary to SCI.
|
['Acetates', 'Animals', 'Behavior, Animal', 'Caspase 3', 'Down-Regulation', 'Glutathione', 'Interleukin-1beta', 'Leukotriene Antagonists', 'Leukotriene B4', 'Lipid Peroxidation', 'Luminescent Measurements', 'Luminol', 'Malondialdehyde', 'Neutrophil Infiltration', 'Neutrophils', 'Oxidative Stress', 'Peroxidase', 'Quinolines', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Spinal Cord', 'Spinal Cord Injuries', 'Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha', 'Urinary Bladder']
| 22,986,158
|
[['D02.241.081.018', 'D10.251.400.045'], ['B01.050'], ['F01.145.113'], ['D08.811.277.656.262.500.126.350.300', 'D08.811.277.656.300.200.126.350.300', 'D12.644.360.075.405.350.300', 'D12.776.476.075.405.350.300'], ['G02.111.240', 'G05.308.200', 'G07.690.773.937'], ['D12.644.456.448'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.010.600', 'D12.644.276.374.500.400.600', 'D12.776.467.374.465.010.600', 'D12.776.467.374.500.400.600', 'D23.529.374.465.131.600', 'D23.529.374.500.400.600'], ['D06.347.565', 'D27.505.696.399.450.565'], ['D10.251.355.255.100.450.411', 'D10.251.355.310.166.887.411', 'D23.469.050.175.450.415'], ['G02.111.515', 'G03.295.531.587'], ['E05.196.712.516'], ['D03.383.710.350'], ['D02.047.700'], ['G12.632'], ['A11.118.637.415.583', 'A11.627.340.583', 'A11.733.689', 'A15.145.229.637.415.583', 'A15.382.490.315.583', 'A15.382.680.689'], ['G03.673', 'G07.775.750'], ['D08.811.682.732.700'], ['D03.633.100.810'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900'], ['A08.186.854'], ['C10.228.854.763', 'C10.900.850', 'C26.819'], ['D12.644.276.374.500.800', 'D12.644.276.374.750.626', 'D12.776.124.900', 'D12.776.395.930', 'D12.776.467.374.500.800', 'D12.776.467.374.750.626', 'D23.529.374.500.800', 'D23.529.374.750.626'], ['A05.810.890']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Wnt5a secretion stimulated by the extracellular calcium-sensing receptor inhibits defective Wnt signaling in colon cancer cells.
|
To understand the role of the colonic extracellular calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) in calcium chemoprotection against colon cancer, we activated the CaSR with 5 mM Ca(2+) on HT-29 cells, an adenocarcinoma cell line. High Ca(2+) stimulated the upregulation (as assessed by RT-PCR) and the secretion of Wnt5a (assessed by Western blot), a noncanonical Wnt family member. Inhibiting CaSR activity with a short interfering RNA (siRNA) duplex against the CaSR reduced CaSR protein and prevented the secretion of Wnt5a. Dominant negative CaSR (R185Q) or siRNA blocked the high Ca(2+)-mediated inhibition of the beta-catenin reporter TOPflash. The CaSR/Wnt5a inhibition of beta-catenin reporter was prevented by dominant negative ubiquitin ligase seven in absentia homolog 2 (Siah2). In low-calcium medium, overexpressing Wnt5a increased Siah2 amplicons and protein. Inducing the expression of full-length adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) prevented CaSRmediated increases of Siah2 and Wnt5a. Overexpressing the receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 2 (Ror2) increased Wnt5a and CaSR-mediated inhibition of TOPflash. Conditioned medium from Wnt5a-transfected cells added to HT-29 cells in low-Ca(2+) medium inhibited the beta-catenin reporter. This inhibition was blocked dose responsively by Frizzled-8/Fc chimeric antibody. Overexpression of Ror2 in HT-29 cells in low-Ca(2+) medium increased the inhibition of beta-catenin reporter caused by recombinant Wnt5a protein compared with addition of Wnt5a protein alone. Our findings demonstrate that APC status plays a key role as a determinant of Wnt5a secretion and suggest that CaSR-mediated secretion of Wnt5a will inhibit defective Wnt signaling in APC-truncated cells in an autocrine manner.
|
['Adenocarcinoma', 'Adenomatous Polyposis Coli Protein', 'Calcium', 'Calcium Signaling', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Colonic Neoplasms', 'Humans', 'Nuclear Proteins', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins', 'Receptor Tyrosine Kinase-like Orphan Receptors', 'Receptors, Calcium-Sensing', 'Receptors, Cell Surface', 'Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases', 'Wnt Proteins', 'Wnt-5a Protein', 'beta Catenin']
| 17,463,182
|
[['C04.557.470.200.025'], ['D05.500.117.249', 'D12.776.220.040', 'D12.776.476.081.249', 'D12.776.624.776.010'], ['D01.268.552.100', 'D01.552.539.288', 'D23.119.100'], ['G02.111.820.800.100', 'G03.143.500.100', 'G04.835.800.100'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['A11.251'], ['C04.588.274.476.411.307.180', 'C06.301.371.411.307.180', 'C06.405.249.411.307.180', 'C06.405.469.158.356.180', 'C06.405.469.491.307.180'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.660'], ['D12.776.624.664.700'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.400.093', 'D12.776.543.750.630.233'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.115'], ['D12.776.543.750'], ['D08.811.464.938.750'], ['D12.776.467.984', 'D23.529.984'], ['D12.776.467.984.050', 'D12.776.624.664.700.962', 'D23.529.984.050'], ['D12.776.091.249', 'D12.776.220.145.500', 'D12.776.930.130']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Older adults with acquired brain injury: outcomes after inpatient rehabilitation.
|
This study examined a population-based profile of older adults with acquired brain injury, and their functional outcomes, in in-patient rehabilitation. Older adults aged 65 and older admitted to in-patient rehabilitation from acute care with traumatic brain injury (TBI) (n = 1214) or non-traumatic brain injury (nTBI) (n = 1,530) from 2003/04 to 2009/10 in Ontario were identified. Demographic and clinical characteristics and the total function score from the FIM(™) Instrument were examined. The Discharge Abstract Database and National Rehabilitation Reporting System were used. Results indicated that older adults with TBI had significantly higher total function scores than those with nTBI at admission and at discharge (p < .001). However, both groups made significant (p < .001) and similar gains (p > .05) in total function scores. We conclude that older adults with TBI and nTBI make similar in-patient rehabilitation gains. Lower initial functional ability of nTBI patients on admission and patients' different clinical profiles have implications for clinical care and resources.
|
['Activities of Daily Living', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Brain Diseases', 'Brain Injuries', 'Brain Neoplasms', 'Canada', 'Cohort Studies', 'Female', 'Hospitalization', 'Humans', 'Hypoxia, Brain', 'Length of Stay', 'Male', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 23,915,910
|
[['E02.760.169.063.500.067', 'E02.831.067', 'I03.050', 'N02.421.784.110'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['C10.228.140'], ['C10.228.140.199', 'C10.900.300.087', 'C26.915.300.200'], ['C04.588.614.250.195', 'C10.228.140.211', 'C10.551.240.250'], ['Z01.107.567.176'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['E02.760.400', 'N02.421.585.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C10.228.140.624', 'C23.888.852.079.797'], ['E02.760.400.480', 'N02.421.585.400.480'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Defining a therapeutic window for laser irradiation (810 nm) applied to the inguinal region to ameliorate diabetes in diabetic mice.
|
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine a therapeutic window of antidiabetic effect by laser irradiating the left inguinal region of diabetic mice (810 nm 20.4 and 40.8 J/cm(2)) for 7 days.BACKGROUND DATA: Irradiation of 810 nm 10.2 J/cm(2) to the left inguinal region of diabetic mice for 7 days significantly decreased blood plasma fructosamine compared with nonirradiated controls.METHODS: Forty-seven diabetic mice were used. Body weight and water intake of the mice were measured daily for 7 days prior to start of treatment (day 0). Mice were irradiated on the left inguinal region with 810 nm laser 20.4 J/cm(2) (n=15) or 40.8 J/cm(2) (n=15) for 7 days, or were not irradiated (control, n=17). Body weight and water intake were measured to day 7. On day 7, mice were fasted for 5 h, anesthetized with sodium pentobarbitone (i.p.), and blood plasma was collected. The blood plasma was assayed for glucose and fructosamine.RESULTS: Water intake was significantly increased on day 7 compared with day 0 for diabetic mice receiving laser treatment. Blood plasma glucose levels on day 7 for diabetic mice irradiated 20.4 and 40.8 J/cm(2) were not significantly different than for nonirradiated controls. The blood plasma fructosamine level of diabetic mice irradiated with 20.4 J/cm(2) was significantly lower than for nonirradiated controls, whereas that for diabetic mice irradiated with 40.8 J/cm(2) was not significantly different than for nonirradiated controls.CONCLUSIONS: Irradiation (810 nm laser 10.2-20.4 J/cm(2)) to the left inguinal region of diabetic mice for 7 days has the potential to ameliorate diabetes, as is shown by decreased blood plasma fructosamine.
|
['Animals', 'Blood Glucose', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental', 'Drinking', 'Fructosamine', 'Inguinal Canal', 'Low-Level Light Therapy', 'Mice']
| 25,102,241
|
[['B01.050'], ['D09.947.875.359.448.500'], ['C18.452.394.750.074', 'C19.246.240', 'E05.598.500.374'], ['G07.203.650.283.249', 'G10.261.330.249'], ['D09.067.342.300'], ['A01.923.047.412'], ['E02.594.540', 'E02.774.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Using perceptual illusions for redirected walking.
|
Redirected walking (RDW) gives users the ability to explore a virtual world by walking in a confined physical space. It inconspicuously guides them on a physical path that might differ from the path they perceive in the virtual world. Exploiting three motion illusions-the change-blindness illusion, the four-stroke motion illusion, and the motion-without-movement illusion-can increase RDW's effectiveness.
|
['Computer Graphics', 'Humans', 'Motion', 'Space Perception', 'User-Computer Interface', 'Walking']
| 24,807,877
|
[['L01.224.108', 'L01.296.110'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G01.482'], ['F02.463.593.778'], ['L01.224.900.910'], ['G11.427.410.568.900', 'G11.427.410.698.277.937', 'I03.350.937', 'I03.450.642.845.940']]
|
['Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The heart's exposure to radiation increases the risk of cardiac toxicity after chemoradiotherapy for superficial esophageal cancer: a retrospective cohort study.
|
BACKGROUND: Chemoradiotherapy effectively treats superficial esophageal cancer and is optimal to preserve organs. However, late toxicity, particularly in cardiac diseases, obstructs clinical outcomes. We revealed the risk factors for cardiac event development post-chemoradiotherapy.METHODS: Data from 80 patients who were diagnosed with submucosal invasive esophageal cancer without metastasis (confirmed using multiple modalities) and who underwent chemoradiotherapy between 2006 and 2014 were analyzed. Patients were 11% (9/80) female, and the median age and follow-up were 66.5 y and 73 mo, respectively. We calculated the individual radiation dose to the heart and analyzed relationships between the cardiac event occurrence rate and each clinical factor.RESULTS: The 5-y overall and recurrence-free survival rates were 74.6 and 62.4%, respectively. Among the total number of deaths, 34.6% was caused by esophageal cancer. During the follow-up, 13 patients developed severe cardiac events (ischemic heart diseases, n = 7; pericardial effusion, n = 3, atrial fibrillation, n = 1; and sudden death, n = 2). The significant risk factor for cardiac events post-chemoradiotherapy was the level of the heart's exposure to radiation, with higher exposure associated with greater occurrence. History of smoking, obesity, comorbidity, and history of cardiac disease were unrelated to cardiac event occurrence post-chemoradiotherapy.CONCLUSIONS: Chemoradiotherapy is a favorable intervention for superficial esophageal cancer. Reducing the radiation dose to the heart likely contributes to preventing cardiac toxicity post-chemoradiotherapy.
|
['Aged', 'Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols', 'Atrial Fibrillation', 'Cardiotoxicity', 'Chemoradiotherapy', 'Cisplatin', 'Cohort Studies', 'Death, Sudden, Cardiac', 'Disease-Free Survival', 'Esophageal Neoplasms', 'Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma', 'Female', 'Fluorouracil', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Myocardial Ischemia', 'Organs at Risk', 'Pericardial Effusion', 'Radiation Dosage', 'Radiation Exposure', 'Radiation Injuries', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Risk Factors']
| 30,832,605
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['E02.183.750.500', 'E02.319.077.500', 'E02.319.310.037'], ['C14.280.067.198', 'C23.550.073.198'], ['C14.280.260', 'C23.550.161', 'C25.100.389', 'C26.733.266', 'G01.750.748.500.266'], ['E02.186.079', 'E02.319.164', 'E02.815.160'], ['D01.210.375', 'D01.625.125', 'D01.710.100'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['C14.280.383.220', 'C23.550.260.322.250'], ['E01.789.800.190', 'E05.318.740.998.300', 'N04.761.559.590.800.190', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800.190', 'N05.715.360.750.795.300', 'N06.850.520.830.998.300'], ['C04.588.274.476.205', 'C04.588.443.353', 'C06.301.371.205', 'C06.405.117.430', 'C06.405.249.205'], ['C04.557.470.200.400.330', 'C04.557.470.700.400.565', 'C04.588.274.476.205.500', 'C04.588.443.353.500', 'C06.301.371.205.500', 'C06.405.117.430.500', 'C06.405.249.205.500'], ['D03.383.742.698.875.404'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C14.280.647', 'C14.907.585'], ['A01.635'], ['C14.280.695'], ['E05.799.513', 'G01.750.740', 'N06.850.810.250'], ['G01.750.748', 'N06.850.460.350.850'], ['C26.733', 'G01.750.748.500', 'N06.850.460.350.850.500', 'N06.850.810.300.360'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
A Circadian Output Circuit Controls Sleep-Wake Arousal in Drosophila.
|
The Drosophila core circadian circuit contains distinct groups of interacting neurons that give rise to diurnal sleep-wake patterns. Previous work showed that a subset of dorsal neurons 1 (DN1s) are sleep-promoting through their inhibition of activity-promoting circadian pacemakers. Here we show that these anterior-projecting DNs (APDNs) also "exit" the circadian circuitry and communicate with the homeostatic sleep center in higher brain regions to regulate sleep and sleep-wake arousal. These APDNs connect to a small, discrete subset of tubercular-bulbar neurons, which are connected in turn to specific sleep-centric ellipsoid body (EB)-ring neurons of the central complex. Remarkably, activation of the APDNs produces sleep-like oscillations in the EB and affects arousal. The data indicate that this APDN-TuBusup-EB circuit temporally regulates sleep-wake arousal in addition to the previously defined role of the TuBu-EB circuit in vision, navigation, and attention.
|
['Animals', 'Arousal', 'Brain', 'Brain Chemistry', 'Circadian Rhythm', 'Drosophila melanogaster', 'Locomotion', 'Male', 'Nerve Net', 'Optogenetics', 'Sleep', 'Wakefulness']
| 30,269,992
|
[['B01.050'], ['F02.830.104', 'G11.561.035'], ['A08.186.211'], ['G02.111.150', 'G03.185'], ['G07.180.562.190'], ['B01.050.500.131.617.720.500.500.750.310.250.500'], ['G07.568.500', 'G11.427.410.568'], ['A08.511'], ['E05.393.667'], ['F02.830.855', 'G11.561.803'], ['F02.830.104.821', 'G11.561.035.738']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Negative regulation of CD4 gene expression by a HES-1-c-Myb complex.
|
Expression of the CD4 gene is tightly controlled throughout thymopoiesis. The downregulation of CD4 gene expression in CD4(-) CD8(-) and CD4(-) CD8(+) T lymphocytes is controlled by a transcriptional silencer located in the first intron of the CD4 locus. Here, we determine that the c-Myb transcription factor binds to a functional site in the CD4 silencer. As c-Myb is also required for CD4 promoter function, these data indicate that depending on the context, c-Myb plays both positive and negative roles in the control of CD4 gene expression. Interestingly, a second CD4 silencer-binding factor, HES-1, binds to c-Myb in vivo and induces it to become a transcriptional repressor. We propose that the recruitment of HES-1 and c-Myb to the silencer leads to the formation of a multifactor complex that induces silencer function and repression of CD4 gene expression.
|
['Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors', 'Binding Sites', 'CD4 Antigens', 'Cell Line', 'Epitopes, B-Lymphocyte', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Gene Silencing', 'Helix-Loop-Helix Motifs', 'Homeodomain Proteins', 'Humans', 'Mutagenesis', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myb', 'Repressor Proteins', 'Transcription Factor HES-1']
| 11,287,612
|
[['D12.776.260.103', 'D12.776.930.125'], ['G02.111.570.120'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.852.420.810.500', 'D12.776.543.750.830.700.025', 'D23.050.301.264.894.100', 'D23.101.100.894.100'], ['A11.251.210'], ['D23.050.550.395'], ['G05.308'], ['G05.308.203.374'], ['G02.111.570.820.709.275.500.360'], ['D12.776.260.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G05.558'], ['D12.776.260.675', 'D12.776.624.664.700.188', 'D12.776.930.725'], ['D12.776.260.703', 'D12.776.930.780'], ['D12.776.260.103.844', 'D12.776.930.125.844']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
First report of molecular diagnosis of Tunisian hemophiliacs A: identification of 8 novel causative mutations.
|
INTRODUCTION: Hemophilia A is an X linked recessive hemorrhagic disorder caused by mutations in the F8 gene that lead to qualitative and/or quantitative deficiencies of coagulation factor VIII (FVIII). Molecular diagnosis of hemophilia A is challenging because of the high number of different causative mutations that are distributed throughout the large F8 gene. Molecular studies of these mutations are essential in order to reinforce our understanding of their pathogenic effect responsible for the disorder.AIM: In this study we have performed molecular analysis of 28 Tunisian hemophilia A patients and analyzed the F8 mutation spectrum.METHODS: We screened the presence of intron 22 and intron 1 inversion in severe hemophilia A patients by southern blotting and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Detection of point mutations was performed by dHPLC/sequencing of the coding F8 gene region. We predict the potential functional consequences of novel missense mutations with bioinformatics approaches and mapping of their spatial positions on the available FVIII 3D structure.RESULTS: We identified 23 different mutations in 28 Tunisian hemophilia A patients belonging to 22 unrelated families. The identified mutations included 5 intron 22 inversions, 7 insertions, 4 deletions and 7 substitutions. In total 18 point mutations were identified, of which 9 are located in exon 14, the most mutated exonic sequence in the F8 gene. Among the 23 mutations, 8 are novel and not deposited in the HAMSTeRS database nor described in recently published articles.CONCLUSION: The mutation spectrum of Tunisian hemophilia A patients is heterogeneous with the presence of some characteristic features.VIRTUAL SLIDES: The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here:http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/1693269827490715.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Blotting, Southern', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Computational Biology', 'DNA Mutational Analysis', 'Databases, Genetic', 'Exons', 'Factor VIII', 'Genetic Predisposition to Disease', 'Hemophilia A', 'Humans', 'Introns', 'Models, Molecular', 'Mutagenesis, Insertional', 'Mutation', 'Mutation, Missense', 'Phenotype', 'Point Mutation', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Protein Conformation', 'Sequence Deletion', 'Sequence Inversion', 'Severity of Illness Index', 'Structure-Activity Relationship', 'Tunisia', 'Young Adult']
| 22,883,072
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['E05.196.401.114', 'E05.301.300.087', 'E05.601.150'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['H01.158.273.180', 'L01.313.124'], ['E05.393.760.700.300'], ['L01.313.500.750.300.188.400.325', 'L01.470.750.750.325'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.137.232'], ['D12.776.124.125.350', 'D12.776.811.286', 'D23.119.350'], ['C23.550.291.687.500', 'G05.380.355'], ['C15.378.100.100.500', 'C15.378.100.141.500', 'C15.378.463.500', 'C16.320.099.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G05.360.340.024.220.400', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.515'], ['E05.599.595'], ['E05.393.420.601.550', 'G05.365.590.575', 'G05.558.550'], ['G05.365.590'], ['G05.365.590.650'], ['G05.695'], ['G05.365.590.675'], ['E05.393.620.500'], ['G02.111.570.820.709'], ['G05.365.590.762', 'G05.558.800'], ['G05.365.590.770', 'G05.558.805'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475.456.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.364.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.364.500'], ['G02.111.830', 'G07.690.773.997'], ['Z01.058.266.887'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Self-Acceptance and Interdependence Promote Longevity: Evidence From a 20-year Prospective Cohort Study.
|
We explored psychosocial pathways to longevity, specifically, the association between psychological well-being and mortality in a 20-year prospective cohort study of 7626 participants. As hypothesized, high self-acceptance and interdependence were associated with decreased mortality risk, controlling for other psychological components (purpose, positive relations, growth, mastery) and potential confounders: personality, depression, self-rated health, smoking status, body mass index (BMI), illness, and demographics. Self-acceptance decreased mortality risk by 19% and added three years of life. Longevity expectation fully mediated the relationship between self-acceptance and mortality. Interdependence decreased mortality risk by 17% and added two years of life. Serenity towards death fully mediated the relationship between interdependence and mortality. This is the first known study to investigate self-acceptance, interdependence, and serenity toward death as promoters of longevity, and distilled the relative contributions of these factors, controlling for covariates-all of which were measured over multiple time points. Theoretically, this study suggests that components of well-being may make meaningful contributions to longevity, and practically recommend that self-acceptance and interdependence could be added to interventions to promote aging health.
|
['Aging', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Longevity', 'Male', 'Personality', 'Prospective Studies']
| 32,824,658
|
[['G07.345.124'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G07.345.124.519', 'G07.540'], ['F01.752'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Endobiliary stents for palliation in patients with malignant obstructive jaundice.
|
BACKGROUND: Endobiliary drainage for malignant obstructive jaundice presents a viable palliative alternative. Its role and efficacy depend on factors related to the stent, procedure, and patient.GOALS: To review the evidence in the literature in which settings plastic or metal stents are cost-effective, and whether adjuvant measures or patient-related factors affect duration of stent patency.STUDY: Using databases a literature search was performed for papers published from 1979 to April 2004. All retrieved papers reporting experimental or clinical observations were rated according to strength of evidence, and carefully analyzed.RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Metal stents (Wallstent) stay patent longer than plastic stents (large-bore polyethylene with side-holes), overall median 250 and 110 days, respectively, and seem cost-effective in patients with longer than about 6 months survival, which cannot be accurately predicted. Antibiotics or choleretic agents do not prolong stent patency in clinical settings. In case of stent occlusion, indicated stent exchanges and insertion of a plastic stent, respectively, seem cost-effective in patients initially treated with plastic and metal stents.
|
['Bile Ducts', 'Cost-Benefit Analysis', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Jaundice, Obstructive', 'Male', 'Palliative Care', 'Prosthesis Implantation', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Review Literature as Topic', 'Risk Factors', 'Sex Factors', 'Stents', 'Survival Rate', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 15,815,210
|
[['A03.159.183'], ['N03.219.151.125'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C23.550.429.500.755', 'C23.888.885.375.500'], ['E02.760.666', 'N02.421.585.666'], ['E04.650'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['L01.178.682.759'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['N05.715.350.675', 'N06.850.490.875'], ['E07.695.750'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.900', 'N01.224.935.698.826', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.900', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.900'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Restriction of dietary glycotoxins reduces excessive advanced glycation end products in renal failure patients.
|
Advanced glycation endproduct (AGE) levels are elevated in renal failure patients and may contribute to the excessive cardiovascular disease in this population. Diet-derived AGE are major contributors to the total body AGE pool. It was postulated that a reduction in dietary AGE intake might impact on the high circulating AGE levels in renal failure patients. Twenty-six nondiabetic renal failure patients on maintenance peritoneal dialysis were randomized to either a high or a low AGE diet for 4 wk. Three-day dietary records, fasting blood, 24-h urine, and dialysis fluid collections were obtained at baseline and end of study. AGE levels were determined by ELISA for N(epsilon)-carboxymethyl-lysine (CML) and methylglyoxal-derivatives (MG). Eighteen patients completed the study. Low dietary AGE intake decreased serum CML (34%; P < 0.002), serum MG (35%; P < 0.008), CML-LDL (28%; P < 0.011), CML-apoB (25%; P < 0.028), dialysate CML (39%; P < 0.03), and dialysate MG output (40%; P < 0.04). High dietary AGE intake increased serum CML (29%; P < 0.028), serum MG (26%; P < 0.09), CML-LDL (50%; P < 0.011), CML-apoB (67%; P < 0.028), and dialysate CML output (27%; P < 0.01). Serum AGE correlated with BUN (r = 0.6, P < 0.002 for CML; r = 0.4, P < 0.05 for MG), serum creatinine (r = 0.76, P < 0.05 for CML; r = 0.55, P < 0.004 for MG), total protein (r = 0.4, P < 0.05 for CML; r = 0.4, P < 0.05 for MG), albumin (r = 0.4, P < 0.02 for CML; r = 0.4, P < 0.05 for MG), and phosphorus (r = 0.5, P < 0.006 for CML; r = 0.5, P < 0.01 for MG). It is concluded that dietary glycotoxins contribute significantly to the elevated AGE levels in renal failure patients. Moreover, dietary restriction of AGE is an effective and feasible method to reduce excess toxic AGE and possibly cardiovascular associated mortality.
|
['Adult', 'Diet', 'Glycation End Products, Advanced', 'Humans', 'Kidney Failure, Chronic', 'Peritoneal Dialysis', 'Regression Analysis']
| 12,595,509
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['G07.203.650.240'], ['D12.776.643.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C12.777.419.780.750.500', 'C13.351.968.419.780.750.500'], ['E02.870.300.650', 'E02.912.800.650'], ['E05.318.740.750', 'N05.715.360.750.695', 'N06.850.520.830.750']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
A retrospective analysis of alcohol in medico-legal autopsied deaths in Pretoria over a 1 year period.
|
The misuse of alcohol has a particularly detrimental effect and is one of the most significant public health problems in South Africa and it also has an impact on the criminal justice system with evidence of association between high levels of alcohol and risk-taking behaviour, committing crimes, or being a victim of crime. A global trend has been set worldwide with alcohol being one of the most common drugs found in post mortem specimens and especially with regard to cases admitted for medico-legal autopsies. The influence of alcohol on the cause of death is either a contributory or an underlying factor in a substantial number of violent deaths. We retrospectively reviewed 1455 cases, in which alcohol was taken, of 2344 medico-legal autopsies done in 2009. We found that 47% of the cases tested positive for alcohol, with the reported blood alcohol concentrations varying from 0.01 to 0.95g per 100ml (mean=0.16±0.11g per 100ml) with the highest proportion being in the 0.10-0.19g per 100ml range. A breakdown of the results showed that road traffic accidents, assaults and firearm-related deaths predominated the alcohol-positive cases. The results showed that there was a definite correlation between alcohol consumption and the incidence of other that natural deaths.
|
['Accidents', 'Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Age Distribution', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Alcohol Drinking', 'Blood Alcohol Content', 'Cause of Death', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Continental Population Groups', 'Driving Under the Influence', 'Female', 'Homicide', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Sex Distribution', 'South Africa', 'Suicide', 'Young Adult']
| 25,447,167
|
[['N06.850.135'], ['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['I01.240.050', 'N01.224.033', 'N06.850.505.400.050'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['F01.145.317.269'], ['D02.033.375.135'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.250', 'N01.224.935.698.100', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.250', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.250'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['M01.686.508'], ['F01.145.250.250', 'F01.145.263.500', 'I01.880.735.223.250', 'I03.125.649'], ['I01.198.240.470', 'I01.880.735.344'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['I01.240.800', 'N01.224.803', 'N06.850.505.400.850'], ['Z01.058.290.175.735'], ['F01.145.126.980.875', 'I01.880.735.856'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Evaluation of a real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay for detection and quantitation of virulent Rhodococcus equi.
|
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate a real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (QPCR) assay in the detection and quantitation of virulent Rhodococcus equi.SAMPLE POPULATION: 1 virulent, 2 intermediately virulent, and 2 avirulent strains of R. equi and 16 isolates of bacteria genetically related to R. equi.PROCEDURE: The QPCR assay was evaluated for detection and quantitation of the virulence-associated gene (vapA) of R. equi in pure culture and in samples of tracheobronchial fluid, which were inoculated with known numbers of virulent R. equi. Results were compared with those derived via quantitative microbial culture and standard polymerase chain reaction methods.RESULTS: The QPCR assay detected the vapA gene in pure culture of R. equi and in tracheobronchial fluid samples that contained as few as 20 CFUs of virulent R. equi/mL and accurately quantitated virulent R. equi to 10(3) CFUs/mL of fluid. The assay was highly specific for detection of the vapA gene of virulent R. equi and was more sensitive than standard polymerase chain reaction for detection of R. equi in tracheobronchial fluid.CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The QPCR assay appears to be a rapid and reliable method for detecting and quantitating virulent R. equi. The accuracy of the QPCR assay is comparable to that of quantitative microbial culture. The increased sensitivity of the QPCR method in detection of virulent R. equi should facilitate rapid and accurate diagnosis of R. equi pneumonia in foals.
|
['Actinomycetales Infections', 'Animals', 'Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid', 'DNA, Bacterial', 'Horse Diseases', 'Horses', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Rhodococcus equi', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Virulence']
| 15,940,818
|
[['C01.150.252.410.040'], ['B01.050'], ['E05.927.100.500'], ['D13.444.308.212'], ['C22.488'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.984.235.472'], ['E05.393.620.500'], ['B03.510.024.981.775.700'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['G06.930']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Effects of chromium histidinate on renal function, oxidative stress, and heat-shock proteins in fat-fed and streptozotocin-treated rats.
|
OBJECTIVE: Chromium is an essential element for carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism. The therapeutic potential of chromium histidinate (CrHis) in the treatment of diabetes has been elucidated. The present study investigated the effects of CrHis on serum parameters of renal function, on oxidative stress markers (malondialdehyde [MDA] and 8-isoprostane), and on the expression of heat-shock proteins (HSPs) in rats.METHODS: Male Wistar rats (n=60, 8 weeks old) were divided into four groups. Group 1 received a standard diet (12% of calories as fat). Group 2 received a standard diet, plus CrHis. Group 3 received a high-fat diet (40% of calories as fat) for 2 weeks, and was then injected with streptozotocin (STZ) on day 14 (STZ, 40 mg/kg intraperitoneally). Group 4 was treated in the same way as group 3 (HFD/STZ), but was supplemented with 110 microg CrHis/kg/body weight/day. Oxidative stress in the kidneys of diabetic rats was evidenced by an elevation in levels of MDA and 8-isoprostane. Protein concentrations of HSP60 and HSP70 in renal tissue were determined by Western blot analyses.RESULTS: Chromium histidinate supplementation lowered kidney concentrations of MDA, 8-isoprostane levels, serum urea-N, and creatinine, and reduced the severity of renal damage in the STZ-treated group (i.e., the diabetes-induced group). The expression of HSP60 and HSP70 was lower in the STZ group that received CrHis than in the group that did not. No significant effect of CrHis supplementation was detected in regard to the overall measured parameters in the control group.CONCLUSIONS: Chromium histidinate significantly decreased lipid peroxidation levels and HSP expression in the kidneys of experimentally induced diabetic rats. This study supported the efficacy of CrHis in reducing renal risk factors and impairment because of diabetes.
|
['Animals', 'Chaperonin 60', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2', 'Diabetic Nephropathies', 'Dietary Fats', 'Dinoprost', 'HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins', 'Heat-Shock Proteins', 'Histidine', 'Kidney', 'Lipid Peroxidation', 'Male', 'Malondialdehyde', 'Organometallic Compounds', 'Oxidative Stress', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar']
| 19,616,452
|
[['B01.050'], ['D08.811.277.040.025.142.500.500', 'D12.776.580.216.210.590.750'], ['C18.452.394.750.074', 'C19.246.240', 'E05.598.500.374'], ['C18.452.394.750.149', 'C19.246.300'], ['C12.777.419.192', 'C13.351.968.419.192', 'C19.246.099.875'], ['D10.212.302', 'G07.203.300.375', 'J02.500.375'], ['D10.251.355.255.550.400.200', 'D23.469.050.175.725.400.200'], ['D12.776.580.216.375'], ['D12.776.580.216'], ['D12.125.072.329', 'D12.125.142.308'], ['A05.810.453'], ['G02.111.515', 'G03.295.531.587'], ['D02.047.700'], ['D02.691'], ['G03.673', 'G07.775.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Agenesis of the pulmonary artery: an unusual cause of dyspnea in pregnancy.
|
A pregnancy complicated by dyspnea was associated with agenesis of the right pulmonary artery. The clinical characteristics of the agenesis of the pulmonary artery along with the differential diagnosis from pulmonary embolus are discussed.
|
['Adult', 'Diagnosis, Differential', 'Dyspnea', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Pregnancy', 'Pregnancy Complications, Cardiovascular', 'Pulmonary Artery', 'Pulmonary Embolism', 'Radiography']
| 3,337,167
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E01.171'], ['C08.618.326', 'C23.888.852.371'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['C13.703.634', 'C14.583'], ['A07.015.114.715'], ['C08.381.746', 'C14.907.355.350.700'], ['E01.370.350.700']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Regulation and role of PDGF receptor alpha-subunit expression during embryogenesis.
|
The platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha-subunit (PDGFR alpha) is the form of the PDGF receptor that is required for binding of PDGF A-chain. Expression of PDGFR alpha within the early embryo is first detected as the mesoderm forms, and remains characteristic of many mesodermal derivatives during later development. By 9.5 days of development, embryos homozygous for the Patch mutation (a deletion of the PDGFR alpha) display obvious growth retardation and deficiencies in mesodermal structures, resulting in the death of more than half of these embryos. Mutant embryos that survive this first critical period are viable until a new set of defects become apparent in most connective tissues. For example, the skin is missing the dermis and connective tissue components are reduced in many organs. By this stage, expression of PDGFR alpha mRNA is also found in neural crest-derived mesenchyme, and late embryonic defects are associated with both mesodermal and neural crest derivatives. Except for the neural crest, the lens and choroid plexus, PDGFR alpha mRNA is not detected in ectodermal derivatives until late in development in the central nervous system. Expression is not detected in any embryonic endodermal derivative at any stage of development. These results demonstrate that PDGFR alpha is differentially expressed during development and that this expression is necessary for the development of specific tissues.
|
['Animals', 'Blotting, Northern', 'Central Nervous System', 'Gene Expression', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Mesoderm', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred Strains', 'Microscopy, Fluorescence', 'Molecular Probe Techniques', 'Mutation', 'Nucleic Acid Hybridization', 'Receptors, Cell Surface', 'Receptors, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor']
| 1,322,269
|
[['B01.050'], ['E05.196.401.095', 'E05.301.300.074', 'E05.601.100'], ['A08.186'], ['G05.297'], ['G05.308'], ['A16.504.660'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400'], ['E01.370.350.515.458', 'E05.595.458'], ['E05.601'], ['G05.365.590'], ['E05.393.661', 'G02.111.611'], ['D12.776.543.750'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.400.900', 'D12.776.543.750.630.625', 'D12.776.543.750.750.400.630']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Differences in surface expression of NspA among Neisseria meningitidis group B strains.
|
NspA is a highly conserved membrane protein that is reported to elicit protective antibody responses against Neisseria meningitidis serogroups A, B and C in mice (D. Martin, N. Cadieux, J. Hanel, and B. R. Brodeur, J. Exp. Med. 185:1173-1183, 1997). To investigate the vaccine potential of NspA, we produced mouse anti-recombinant NspA (rNspA) antisera, which were used to evaluate the accessibility of NspA epitopes on the surface of different serogroup B strains by an immunofluorescence flow cytometric assay and by susceptibility to antibody-dependent, complement-mediated bacteriolysis. Among 17 genetically diverse strains tested, 11 (65%) were positive for NspA cell surface epitopes and 6 (35%) were negative. All six negative strains also were resistant to bactericidal activity induced by the anti-rNspA antiserum. In contrast, of the 11 NspA surface-positive strains, 8 (73%; P < 0.05) were killed by the antiserum and complement. In infant rats challenged with one of these eight strains, the anti-rNspA antiserum conferred protection against bacteremia, whereas the antiserum failed to protect rats challenged by one of the six NspA cell surface-negative strains. Neither NspA expression nor protein sequence accounted for differences in NspA surface accessibility, since all six negative strains expressed NspA in outer membrane preparations and since their predicted NspA amino acid sequences were 99 to 100% identical to those of three representative positive strains. However, the six NspA cell surface-negative strains produced, on average, larger amounts of group B polysaccharide than did the 11 positive strains (reciprocal geometric mean titers, 676 and 224, respectively; P < 0.05), which suggests that the capsule may limit the accessibility of NspA surface epitopes. Given these strain differences in NspA surface accessibility, an rNspA-based meningococcal B vaccine may have to be supplemented by additional antigens.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Animals', 'Antibodies, Monoclonal', 'Antigens, Bacterial', 'Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins', 'Bacterial Vaccines', 'Female', 'Immune Sera', 'Mice', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Neisseria meningitidis', 'Polysaccharides, Bacterial', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar']
| 10,531,214
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['B01.050'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224'], ['D23.050.161'], ['D12.776.097.120', 'D12.776.543.100'], ['D20.215.894.135'], ['A12.207.152.846.500', 'D12.776.124.486.485.114.573', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.573', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.573', 'D20.215.401'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['B03.440.400.425.550.550.641', 'B03.660.075.525.520.500'], ['D09.698.718', 'D23.050.161.616'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Age-related changes in the function of the pituitary-gonadal axis in a sterile male rat mutant (hd/hd).
|
Testicular growth is depressed in the genetically sterile male rat (hd/hd) relative to its LE phenotype littermates (by 50% and 73% at 27 and 90 days of age, respectively). Within the hd/hd testis, both the tubular and seminiferous tubule tissues are affected by the mutation. In addition, there is significantly less germ cell production from the primary spermatocyte stage of spermatogenesis onwards and the total number of Sertoli cells observed is less. In the intertubular tissue, the total volume and the total number of Leydig cells per testis is significantly less, but the mean volume of an average Leydig cell is not modified. The serum gonadotropin levels are higher in the hd/hd rat, whereas from 40 days of age onwards the level of testosterone is lower. The FSH and LH binding affinity constants are unchanged by the mutation; however, the total number of FSH binding sites per 10(6) Sertoli cells is lower while that of LH per 10(6) Leydig cells is greater. Indeed, it is likely that the lesser concentration of serum testosterone in the hd/hd rat is a result of a smaller number of Leydig cells since their individual function is not modified. The testicular androgen binding protein (ABP) content and the ABP output towards the epididymis are lower as a consequence of both a lesser number and an altered function of the Sertoli cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
|
['Aging', 'Androgen-Binding Protein', 'Animals', 'Cell Division', 'Chorionic Gonadotropin', 'Follicle Stimulating Hormone', 'Gonadotropins', 'Infertility, Male', 'Leydig Cells', 'Luteinizing Hormone', 'Male', 'Organ Size', 'Pituitary Gland', 'Rats', 'Rats, Mutant Strains', 'Seminiferous Tubules', 'Sertoli Cells', 'Sperm Count', 'Testis', 'Testosterone']
| 1,908,710
|
[['G07.345.124'], ['D12.776.157.065'], ['B01.050'], ['G04.144.220', 'G04.161.750.500', 'G05.113', 'G07.345.249.410.750.500'], ['D06.472.699.322.326', 'D06.472.699.649.367', 'D12.644.548.726.367', 'D12.776.780.400'], ['D06.472.699.322.576.288', 'D06.472.699.631.525.343.288', 'D12.644.548.691.525.343.288'], ['D06.472.699.322'], ['C12.294.365.700'], ['A05.360.444.849.513', 'A06.300.312.782.513', 'A11.382.906', 'A11.436.513'], ['D06.472.699.322.576.463', 'D06.472.699.631.525.343.463', 'D12.644.548.691.525.343.463'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.660', 'E05.041.124.715', 'G07.100.100.660', 'G07.345.249.690'], ['A06.300.747', 'A06.688.357.750', 'A08.186.211.180.497.352.435.500', 'A08.186.211.200.317.357.352.435.500', 'A08.713.357.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.550'], ['A05.360.444.849.700'], ['A05.360.444.849.789', 'A11.382.952', 'A11.436.837'], ['E01.370.225.500.195.870', 'E01.370.225.992.624', 'E05.200.500.195.870', 'E05.200.992.624', 'E05.242.195.870', 'G04.140.870'], ['A05.360.444.849', 'A05.360.576.782', 'A06.300.312.782'], ['D04.210.500.054.079.429.824', 'D06.472.334.851.968.984']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Stability assessment of gadolinium complexes by P-31 and H-1 relaxometry.
|
Longitudinal P-31 relaxation rate enhancements of phosphate groups have been measured at pH 7-7.2 and 310 degrees K on aqueous solutions containing adenosine triphosphate (ATP), phosphocreatine (PCr), inorganic phosphate (Pi) and some lanthanide complexes (Gd-DOTA, Gd-HPDO3A, Gd-DO3A, Gd-DTPA, Gd-DTPA-BMA). The macrocyclic complexes induce linear enhancements of the relaxation rates of all phosphorus nuclei. For Gd-DOTA and Gd-HPDO3A, the mechanism of the interaction with the P-31 nuclei seems to be of the outer sphere type and a better efficiency is noted for the "neutral" Gd-HPDO3A. A short-lived ternary complex between Gd-DO3A and the phosphorylated metabolites appears to be formed enabling an inner sphere interaction. In solutions containing the open chain complexes, Gd-DTPA and Gd-DTPA-BMA, P-31 relaxation rates of ATP exhibit significant and nonlinear enhancements that are much larger than those observed for PCr and Pi. A ternary complex involving the lanthanide ion, its original chelator, and the ATP molecule is precluded by various experiments which confirm that the lanthanide ion shifts from the original complexes to the ATP phosphate groups.
|
['Contrast Media', 'Drug Stability', 'Gadolinium', 'Gadolinium DTPA', 'Heterocyclic Compounds', 'Organometallic Compounds', 'Pentetic Acid']
| 8,208,120
|
[['D27.505.259.500', 'D27.720.259'], ['E05.916.330'], ['D01.268.558.362.484', 'D01.552.550.399.484'], ['D02.092.782.590.401', 'D02.241.081.018.639.400', 'D02.257.141'], ['D03'], ['D02.691'], ['D02.092.782.590', 'D02.241.081.018.639']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Template matching techniques for electrophysiologic signals: a practical, real-time system for detection of ventricular tachycardia.
|
Time domain template matching morphology techniques have been proposed for inclusion in implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) for the detection of ventricular arrhythmias from intraventricular electrograms (IVEGs). However, ICDs have limited battery capacity which necessitate the use of low current drain algorithms. Although more computationally efficient template matching algorithms have been developed, none have incorporated the limitations inherent in current ICDs. An external ICD sensing prototype system was developed which filters, digitizes, and analyzes IVEGs during electrophysiology studies. Two template matching IVEG metrics, amplitude normalized area of difference and signature analysis, are calculated. These metrics are being tested clinically for their accuracy in differentiating ventricular tachycardia and sinus rhythm IVEGs.
|
['Algorithms', 'Electric Countershock', 'Electrophysiology', 'Humans', 'Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted', 'Tachycardia']
| 1,643,228
|
[['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['E02.331.350'], ['H01.158.344.528', 'H01.158.782.236'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.224.800'], ['C14.280.067.845', 'C14.280.123.875', 'C23.550.073.845']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
FTIR study of glyphosate-copper complexes.
|
Complexes of the herbicide glyphosate (GPS) and the heavy metal Cu were studied by infrared spectroscopy under controlled pH, in order to know the mechanisms involved in the formation of these complexes. In CuGPS(-), the IR spectrum shows participation of the carboxylate and phosphonic moieties of the GPS molecule. The formation of the complex produces a lower symmetry in the phosphonate group because of loss of the resonance situation of PO(3)(2)(-) groups, with a subsequent split of their absorption bands. Carboxylate groups are participating by forming unidentate complexes. No conclusion is reached about the involvement of the amino group, but previous EPR findings indicate coordination of GPS to Cu via nitrogen. Consequently, glyphosate in this complex functions with a tridentate character by forming two chelate rings. A study of the CuGPSH species was not possible due to overlapping of its absorption bands with those of free GPS species.
|
['Copper', 'Freeze Drying', 'Glycine', 'Herbicides', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Spectrophotometry, Infrared', 'Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared']
| 11,902,933
|
[['D01.268.556.195', 'D01.268.956.170', 'D01.552.544.195'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.760.160.260', 'E01.370.225.750.600.760.160.260', 'E02.792.156.260', 'E05.200.500.620.760.160.260', 'E05.200.750.600.760.160.260', 'E05.760.156.260'], ['D12.125.481'], ['D27.720.031.700.366', 'D27.888.723.366'], ['G02.300'], ['E05.196.712.726.676', 'E05.196.867.826.676'], ['E05.196.712.726.676.700', 'E05.196.867.826.676.700']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Multilocus sequence analysis provides basis for fast and reliable identification of Vibrio harveyi-related species and reveals previous misidentification of important marine pathogens.
|
Vibrio harveyi and related bacteria are important pathogens responsible for severe economic losses in the aquaculture industry worldwide. Phenotypic tests and 16S rRNA gene analysis fail to discriminate species within the V. harveyi group because these are phenotypically and genetically nearly identical. This study used multilocus sequence analysis to identify 36 V. harveyi-like isolates obtained from a wide range of sources in Australia and to re-evaluate the identity of important pathogens. Phylogenies inferred from the 16S rRNA gene and five concatenated protein-coding genes (rpoA-pyrH-topA-ftsZ-mreB) revealed four well-supported clusters identified as V. harveyi, V. campbellii, V. rotiferianus and V. owensii. Results revealed that important V. campbellii and V. owensii prawn pathogens were previously misidentified as V. harveyi and also that the recently described V. communis sp. nov. is likely a junior synonym of V. owensii. Although the MLSA topologies corroborated the 16S rRNA gene phylogeny, the latter was less informative than each of the protein-coding genes taken singularly or the concatenated dataset. A two-locus phylogeny based on topA-mreB concatenated sequences was consistent with the five-locus MLSA phylogeny. Global Bayesian phylogenies inferred from topA-mreB suggested that this gene combination provides a practical yet still accurate approach for routine identification of V. harveyi-related species.
|
['Animals', 'Aquaculture', 'Australia', 'Bacterial Proteins', 'Bacterial Typing Techniques', 'DNA, Bacterial', 'Diagnostic Errors', 'Fish Diseases', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Multilocus Sequence Typing', 'Penaeidae', 'Phylogeny', 'RNA, Ribosomal, 16S', 'Sequence Analysis, DNA', 'Species Specificity', 'Vibrio', 'Vibrio Infections']
| 22,055,753
|
[['B01.050'], ['J01.040.168'], ['Z01.639.100', 'Z01.678.100.373'], ['D12.776.097'], ['E01.370.225.875.150.125', 'E05.200.875.150.125'], ['D13.444.308.212'], ['E01.354', 'N02.421.450.280'], ['C22.362'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['E01.370.225.875.150.125.457.500', 'E05.200.875.150.125.457.500', 'E05.393.542.500', 'E05.393.760.700.650'], ['B01.050.500.131.365.190.660'], ['G05.697', 'G16.075.605', 'L01.100.697'], ['D13.444.735.686.670'], ['E05.393.760.700'], ['G16.824'], ['B03.440.450.900.859', 'B03.660.250.830.830'], ['C01.150.252.400.959']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Primary synovial sarcoma of the parapharyngeal space: a clinicopathologic study of five cases.
|
We report five cases of primary synovial sarcomas arising in the parapharyngeal space. The patients were all men with a median age of 35 years (range 22 to 41 years). The tumors were non-encapsulated solid masses ranging from 2.0 to 6.6 cm in size. Histologically, three cases were biphasic subtype, and the other two cases were monophasic subtype. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells were strongly positive for bcl-2 and CD99, partly positive for CK and EMA, and negative for CD117, CD34, SMA and desmin in all five cases. S-100 protein was detected in one case. The presence of an SYT-SSX1 and/or SYT-SSX2 gene fusion resulting from t(X;18) was demonstrated from paraffin blocks by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction in five cases. All five patients received tumor radical excision and postoperative radiotherapy, and two patients with pulmonary metastasis received additional chemotherapy. Follow-up data revealed that two patients with tumor size <5 cm were alive without disease for 54 and 57 months, one patient with tumor size <5 cm was alive with pulmonary metastasis for 78 months, and two patients with tumor size >5 cm died of disease 26 and 37 months after the diagnosis, respectively. Primary parapharyngeal synovial sarcoma is a rare variant that occurs more frequently in males than females. Accurate diagnosis depends on morphologic and immunohistochemical examination and proper molecular analysis. The prognosis is relatively good in those patients whose tumor size is less than 5 cm.
|
['Adult', 'Diagnosis, Differential', 'Fatal Outcome', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Neoplasm Staging', 'Pharyngeal Neoplasms', 'Sarcoma, Synovial', 'Young Adult']
| 22,862,905
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E01.171'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.325', 'N01.224.935.698.201', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.325', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.325'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.789.625'], ['C04.588.443.665.710', 'C07.550.745', 'C09.647.710', 'C09.775.549'], ['C04.557.450.565.835', 'C04.557.450.795.875'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Distal biceps brachii tendon anatomy revisited from a surgical perspective.
|
The distal biceps brachii tendon is commonly susceptible to traumatic injury. This study aimed to describe the morphology of the distal biceps brachii tendon in relation to the commonly used endobutton repair of tendon rupture. The results suggested that the distal tendon is a series of distinct bands of variable number. These bands are obscured surgically by the tendon sheath. Upon opening this sheath, blunt dissection of the tendon released fibrous connections between the tendon bands. Adjacent bands were variably connected via small oblique bands. The separations between bands were continuous onto the radius. They were therefore considered as separate force-conducting units. This notion is of high relevance to endobutton repairs, as the sutures are typically only passed through the margins of the tendon. Where few connections exist between tendinous bands, this represents a potential weakness, as central bands are therefore free to be pulled proximally. This is of primary concern in the early rehabilitative stages of postoperative care. It may be suggested that sutures that cross the width of the tendon will eliminate the give of central bands, improving postoperative results, reducing revision numbers, and potentially reducing rehabilitation time.
|
['Aged', 'Arm', 'Arm Injuries', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Muscle, Skeletal', 'Rupture', 'Tendon Injuries', 'Tendons']
| 19,280,656
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['A01.378.800.075'], ['C26.088'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A02.633.567', 'A10.690.552.500'], ['C26.761'], ['C26.874'], ['A02.880']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Apical junction complex protein expression in the canine colon: differential expression of claudin-2 in the colonic mucosa in dogs with idiopathic colitis.
|
Canine idiopathic lymphocytic-plasmacytic colitis (LPC) is a well-recognized clinical and pathological entity in the dog, associated with altered immune cell populations and cytokine expression profiles. Clinical and experimental data indicate that alterations in the permeability of the intestinal epithelium contribute to the pathogenesis of a range of related conditions. The apical junction complex plays a significant role in regulating epithelial paracellular permeability, and we have characterized the distribution of a number of its component tight junction (ZO-1, occludin, claudin-2) and adherens junction (E-cadherin and beta-catenin) proteins in normal colon and colon from dogs with idiopathic LPC. ZO-1, occludin, E-cadherin, and beta-catenin exhibited a distribution in normal canine colon similar to that described previously in humans and rodents. In contrast to the situation in humans, claudin-2-specific labeling was observed in the normal canine colonic crypt epithelium, decreasing in intensity from the distal to the proximal crypt and becoming barely detectable at the luminal surface of the colon. There was little evidence for significant changes in ZO-1, occludin, E-cadherin, or beta-catenin expression in dogs affected by idiopathic LPC. However, claudin-2 expression markedly increased in the proximal crypt and luminal colonic epithelium in affected dogs, suggesting a role in the pathogenesis of canine LPC.
|
['Adherens Junctions', 'Animals', 'Cadherins', 'Colitis', 'Colon', 'Dog Diseases', 'Dogs', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Intestinal Mucosa', 'Membrane Proteins', 'Occludin', 'Phosphoproteins', 'Tight Junctions', 'Zonula Occludens-1 Protein', 'beta Catenin']
| 17,595,339
|
[['A11.284.149.165.420.020'], ['B01.050'], ['D12.776.395.550.200.200', 'D12.776.543.550.200.200', 'D23.050.301.350.200'], ['C06.405.205.265', 'C06.405.469.158.188'], ['A03.556.124.526.356', 'A03.556.249.249.356'], ['C22.268'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.250.216.200'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['A03.556.124.369', 'A10.615.550.444'], ['D12.776.543'], ['D12.776.543.488.500', 'D12.776.543.940.750'], ['D12.776.744'], ['A11.284.149.165.420.820'], ['D12.776.543.940.900.500'], ['D12.776.091.249', 'D12.776.220.145.500', 'D12.776.930.130']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Progesterone regulation of activating protein-1 transcriptional activity: a possible mechanism of progesterone inhibition of endometrial cancer cell growth.
|
The uterine endometrium and cancers derived from it are classic models of hormone action: estrogen promotes growth and progesterone inhibits proliferation and results in differentiation. We have now identified a major pathway through which progesterone causes these growth-limiting effects. Ligand-bound progesterone receptors modulate the composition and transcriptional activity of members of the activating protein-1 (AP-1) family, and in particular, c-Jun. First, a dominant negative form of c-Jun inhibits the constitutive growth of Hec50co cells in a manner similar to the effects of progesterone through progesterone B receptors. Second, progesterone inhibits the transcriptional activity of the AP-1 complex in reporter gene assays. Third, the DNA binding of AP-1 and the composition of the individual AP-1 factors on DNA is regulated by progesterone on electrophoretic mobility shift assays. Fourth, progesterone strongly inhibits total AP-1 as well as c-Jun recruitment to the cyclin D1 promoter, but enhances AP-1 occupancy on the p53 and p21 promoters, as shown by chromatin immunoprecipitation assays. The effects of progesterone on AP-1 DNA binding are confirmed to result in altered transcription of these AP-1 target genes by RT-PCR. These studies establish that modulation of AP-1 activity is a potential pathway of progesterone-induced growth inhibition in endometrial cancer cells.
|
['Cell Division', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Cyclin D1', 'DNA', 'Endometrial Neoplasms', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Progesterone', 'Promoter Regions, Genetic', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Receptors, Progesterone', 'Transcription Factor AP-1', 'Transcription, Genetic', 'Tumor Suppressor Protein p53', 'rho GTP-Binding Proteins']
| 14,672,732
|
[['G04.144.220', 'G04.161.750.500', 'G05.113', 'G07.345.249.410.750.500'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['D12.644.360.262.150.100', 'D12.776.167.218.150.100', 'D12.776.476.262.150.100', 'D12.776.624.664.700.100'], ['D13.444.308'], ['C04.588.945.418.948.585', 'C13.351.500.852.762.200', 'C13.351.937.418.875.200'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D04.210.500.745.745.654.829', 'D06.472.334.734.623', 'D06.472.334.851.687.750'], ['G02.111.570.080.689.675', 'G05.360.080.689.675', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.750.680'], ['D12.776.260.108.820', 'D12.776.624.664.700.182', 'D12.776.660.763', 'D12.776.930.127.820'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['D12.776.826.750.765'], ['D12.776.260.108.875', 'D12.776.930.127.875'], ['G02.111.873', 'G05.297.700'], ['D12.776.157.687.650', 'D12.776.260.820', 'D12.776.624.776.775', 'D12.776.660.720.650', 'D12.776.744.845'], ['D08.811.277.040.330.300.400.700', 'D12.644.360.525.700', 'D12.776.157.325.515.700', 'D12.776.476.525.700']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Autoregulation of capillary pressure and filtration in cat skeletal muscle in states of normal and reduced vascular tone.
|
The controversial hypothesis that capillary pressure (Pc) is autoregulated in response to arterial pressure (PA) alterations was tested in sympathectomized cat skeletal muscle by studying the relation between Pc and PA under conditions of well preserved vascular tone and reactivity, during papaverine-induced maximal vasodilatation (passive vascular bed), and during impaired vascular reactivity caused by preparatory surgery, or by low dose isoproterenol administration. The latter states resembled such under which Pc autoregulation unintentionally seems to have been studied previously. Capillary pressure was assessed with the Pcvenule method for continuous direct pressure recordings from capillaries/postcapillary venules (Mellander et al. 1987) and simultaneously derived from observed net transvascular fluid flux divided by CFC. Resistances in the whole vascular bed and in its pre- and postcapillary segments (Ra and Rv) were determined from recordings of blood flow, PA, Pc, and PV. During preserved vascular reactivity, Pc was found to be virtually constant, that is, almost perfectly autoregulated, over the PA range from 50 to 180 mmHg, whereas in the passive vascular bed there was a direct linear relation between Pc and PA (y = 0.137x + 11.69; r = 0.97). The delta Pc/delta PA ratio was about 1/70 in the normal reactive, and 1/7 in the passive, vascular bed, implying an increase in Pc by 1 mmHg for every 70 mmHg and every 7 mmHg increase in PA, respectively. Capillary pressure autoregulation was explained by precise adjustments of Ra/Rv in relation to PA elicited by myogenic and metabolic regulatory mechanisms. This protective reaction against plasma loss during increased PA was abolished during maximal vasodilation, and was much impaired by surgical trauma, partly via a beta-adrenergic inhibitory effect, and by isoproterenol, in turn causing gross transcapillary fluid fluxes. The latter findings might explain failing Pc autoregulation in some previous studies undertaken under seemingly similar conditions.
|
['Adrenergic beta-Agonists', 'Adrenergic beta-Antagonists', 'Animals', 'Blood Pressure', 'Capillary Permeability', 'Capillary Resistance', 'Cats', 'Homeostasis', 'Hydrostatic Pressure', 'Isoproterenol', 'Muscles', 'Papaverine', 'Vascular Resistance', 'Vasodilation']
| 2,883,809
|
[['D27.505.519.625.050.100.200', 'D27.505.696.577.050.100.200'], ['D27.505.519.625.050.200.200', 'D27.505.696.577.050.200.200'], ['B01.050'], ['E01.370.600.875.249', 'G09.330.380.076'], ['G03.143.330', 'G09.330.165'], ['G09.330.380.921.327'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.377.750.250.125'], ['G07.410'], ['G01.374.715.352'], ['D02.033.100.291.439', 'D02.092.063.291.439', 'D02.092.311.649', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.175.649'], ['A02.633', 'A10.690'], ['D03.132.098.666', 'D03.132.577.750', 'D03.633.100.531.085.666'], ['G09.330.380.921'], ['G09.330.380.928']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Hydration structure of poly(2-methoxyethyl acrylate): comparison with a 2-methoxyethyl acetate model monomer.
|
We have previously reported the hydration structure of a poly(2-methoxyethyl acrylate) (PMEA) antithrombogenic material. In the present study, the hydration structure of a 2-methoxyethyl acetate (MEAc) model monomer for PMEA was explored by means of attenuated total reflection infrared (ATR-IR) spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Water in MEAc does not show an evidence for cold crystallization by DSC, while it was found by ATR-IR spectroscopy that MEAc has a hydration structure similar to that of PMEA at a functional group level. Three different types of hydrated water, tightly bound water, loosely bound water and scarcely bound water, were identified in MEAc, as well as PMEA. It was suggested from the present study that the localized and concentrated water cluster having the three types of hydration structure on the surface of PMEA plays an important role in the biocompatibility.
|
['Acetates', 'Acrylates', 'Biocompatible Materials', 'Calorimetry, Differential Scanning', 'Freezing', 'Polymers', 'Spectrophotometry, Infrared', 'Water']
| 20,566,058
|
[['D02.241.081.018', 'D10.251.400.045'], ['D02.241.081.069'], ['D25.130', 'D27.720.102.130', 'J01.637.051.130'], ['E05.196.131.310', 'E05.196.370.310'], ['G01.645.500', 'G01.906.595.272.437', 'G02.734.466'], ['D05.750', 'D25.720', 'J01.637.051.720'], ['E05.196.712.726.676', 'E05.196.867.826.676'], ['D01.045.250.875', 'D01.248.497.158.459.650', 'D01.650.550.925']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Prediction of Visual Field Progression in Patients with Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma, Mainly Including Normal Tension Glaucoma.
|
An objective method to predict individual visual field progression will contribute to realise personalised medication. The purpose of this study was to establish a predictive formula for glaucomatous visual field progression in patients with Primary open-angle glaucoma, mainly including normal tension glaucoma. This study was a large-scale, longitudinal and retrospective study including 498 eyes of 312 patients visiting from June 2009 to May 2015. In this analysis, 191 eyes of 191 patients meeting all eligible criteria were used. A predictive formula to calculate the rate of glaucomatous visual field progression (mean deviation slope) was obtained through multivariate linear regression analysis by adopting "Angle of Retinal Nerve Fibre Layer Defect" at the baseline, "Vertical Cup-Disc ratio" at the baseline, "Presence or absence of Disc Haemorrhage" during the follow-up period, and "Mean IOP change (%)" during the follow-up period as predictors. Coefficient of determination of the formula was 0.20. The discriminative ability of the formula was evaluated as moderate performance using receiver operating characteristic analysis, and the area under the curve was approximately 0.75 at all cut-off values. Internal validity was confirmed by bootstrapping. The predictive formula established by this type of approach might be useful for personalised medication.
|
['Aged', 'Disease Progression', 'Female', 'Glaucoma, Open-Angle', 'Humans', 'Intraocular Pressure', 'Longitudinal Studies', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Optic Disk', 'Prognosis', 'ROC Curve', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Visual Field Tests', 'Visual Fields']
| 29,118,453
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['C23.550.291.656'], ['C11.525.381.407'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G14.440'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['A08.800.800.120.680.660', 'A09.371.729.690'], ['E01.789'], ['E05.318.370.800.750', 'E05.318.740.872.750', 'N05.715.360.325.700.680', 'N06.850.520.445.800.750'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E01.370.380.850.962'], ['F02.463.593.932.934', 'G14.950']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Performance analysis of different rice-based cropping systems in tropical region of Nepal.
|
Energy inputs, environmental impacts and economic outputs are the main concerns in today's agricultural production systems. The current study investigated the energy, environmental and financial performances of different rice-based cropping systems (CSs). The CSs studied were: Rice-Wheat-Fallow (R-W-F), Rice-Wheat-Maize (R-W-M), Rice-Wheat-Mungbean (R-W-Mu), Rice-Lentil-Maize (R-L-M), Rice-Lentil-Mungbean (R-L-Mu), Rice-Garlic (R-G) and Rice-Onion (R-O). Primary data were collected from 210 randomly selected farms by using structured questionnaire. In this study, Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) was used to analyze the technical efficiencies of the farms in order to estimate their energy inputs saving potential, under different CSs. Among the studied systems, R-W-M, R-L-M and R-W-Mu were found energy efficient, R-L-Mu, R-W-F and R-W-Mu were efficient considering their greenhouse gas emissions, and R-G, R-O and R-L-M were more profitable systems. Based on the combined energy, environmental and economic criteria, we conclude that R-L-M, R-L-Mu and R-W-M are the most energy, environmentally and economically efficient CSs as compared to other systems in the study. The mean technical efficiency scores of farms indicated a considerable potential of reducing energy inputs (18-34%), without compromising the economic return of the majority farms under different CSs. The results of this study support eco-efficient CSs with modern production technologies.
|
['Agriculture', 'Nepal', 'Nitrous Oxide', 'Oryza', 'Seasons']
| 28,329,732
|
[['J01.040'], ['Z01.252.245.674'], ['D01.362.635.625', 'D01.625.550.550', 'D01.650.550.587.650'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.822.616'], ['G01.910.645.661', 'G16.500.275.071.590', 'N06.230.300.100.250.525']]
|
['Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Novel synthesis of 5-amino-3-bromo-1-(tert-butyl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carbonitrile: a versatile intermediate for the preparation of 5-amino-3-aryl-1-(tert-butyl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamides.
|
A simple, novel, and efficient route for the synthesis of 5-amino-3-aryl-1-(tert-butyl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamides 1 has been devised. Preparation of pyrazole bromide 3 from potassium tricyanomethanide can be accomplished in only two steps in good yield and features a selective Sandmeyer reaction on the corresponding diaminopyrazole. This allows for a more versatile synthesis of 5-amino-3-aryl-1-(tert-butyl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamides 1 than was previously possible.
|
['Amides', 'Combinatorial Chemistry Techniques', 'Hydrocarbons, Brominated', 'Molecular Structure', 'Pyrazoles', 'Stereoisomerism']
| 22,809,236
|
[['D02.065'], ['E05.197.312', 'J01.897.836.249.249'], ['D02.455.526.368'], ['G02.111.570', 'G02.466'], ['D03.383.129.539'], ['G02.607.445.682']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Identifying intestinal metaplasia at the squamocolumnar junction by using optical coherence tomography.
|
BACKGROUND: Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is an optical imaging method that produces high-resolution cross-sectional images of the esophagus. The accuracy of OCT for differentiating tissue types at the squamocolumnar junction (SCJ) has not been established.OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to identify and validate OCT image criteria for distinguishing metaplastic from nonmetaplastic tissue at the SCJ.DESIGN: A total of 196 biopsy-correlated OCT images of the SCJ were acquired from 113 patients undergoing upper endoscopy. A pathologist blinded to the OCT results reviewed each pathology specimen and determined the presence of the following histopathology: gastric cardia, squamous mucosa, pancreatic metaplasia, and intestinal metaplasia. An algorithm for diagnosing specialized intestinal metaplasia (SIM) was created by reviewing a training set of 40 biopsy-correlated OCT images. Two blinded investigators prospectively tested the algorithm on a validation set of 123 images.RESULTS: OCT images of squamous mucosa were characterized by a layered appearance without epithelial glands; gastric cardia, by vertical pit and gland structure, a well-defined epithelial surface reflectivity, and relatively poor image penetration; and SIM by an irregular architecture and good image penetration. The OCT criteria were 85% sensitive and 95% specific for SIM when applied retrospectively to the training set. When applied to the validation set, the algorithm was 81% sensitive for both OCT readers and 66% and 57% specific for diagnosing SIM. The interobserver agreement was good (kappa = 0.53).CONCLUSIONS: OCT imaging can identify SIM at the SCJ with an accuracy similar to that of endoscopy.
|
['Algorithms', 'Barrett Esophagus', 'Cardia', 'Epithelium', 'Gastroesophageal Reflux', 'Goblet Cells', 'Humans', 'Image Processing, Computer-Assisted', 'Intestinal Mucosa', 'Metaplasia', 'Observer Variation', 'Pancreas', 'Prospective Studies', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Tomography, Optical Coherence']
| 17,137,858
|
[['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['C04.834.154', 'C06.405.117.102'], ['A03.556.875.875.163'], ['A10.272'], ['C06.405.117.119.500.484'], ['A03.556.124.369.320', 'A04.329.597.320', 'A04.531.520.320', 'A04.760.259', 'A10.615.550.444.321', 'A10.615.550.760.520.320', 'A10.615.550.760.600.320', 'A11.436.298'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.224.308'], ['A03.556.124.369', 'A10.615.550.444'], ['C23.550.589'], ['E01.354.753', 'N02.421.450.600', 'N05.715.350.150.675', 'N06.850.490.500.250'], ['A03.734'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['E01.370.350.589.249.500', 'E01.370.350.825.805.500', 'E05.642.249.500']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
The David and Goliath principle: cultural, ideological, and attitudinal underpinnings of the normative protection of low-status groups from criticism.
|
Two studies documented the "David and Goliath" rule--the tendency for people to perceive criticism of "David" groups (groups with low power and status) as less normatively permissible than criticism of "Goliath" groups (groups with high power and status). The authors confirmed the existence of the David and Goliath rule across Western and Chinese cultures (Study 1). However, the rule was endorsed more strongly in Western than in Chinese cultures, an effect mediated by cultural differences in power distance. Study 2 identified the psychological underpinnings of this rule in an Australian sample. Lower social dominance orientation (SDO) was associated with greater endorsement of the rule, an effect mediated through the differential attribution of stereotypes. Specifically, those low in SDO were more likely to attribute traits of warmth and incompetence to David versus Goliath groups, a pattern of stereotypes that was related to the protection of David groups from criticism.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Asian Continental Ancestry Group', 'Attitude', 'Australia', 'Cross-Cultural Comparison', 'Cultural Diversity', 'Culture', 'Factor Analysis, Statistical', 'Female', 'Group Processes', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Prejudice', 'Psychological Tests', 'Psychological Theory', 'Social Class', 'Social Dominance', 'Social Perception', 'Socioeconomic Factors', 'Stereotyping', 'Young Adult']
| 22,539,216
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['M01.686.508.200'], ['F01.100'], ['Z01.639.100', 'Z01.678.100.373'], ['I01.076.201.450.281', 'I01.880.853.100.257'], ['I01.076.201.450.350', 'I01.880.853.100.450'], ['I01.076.201.450', 'I01.880.853.100'], ['E05.318.740.400', 'N05.715.360.750.350', 'N06.850.520.830.400'], ['F01.829.316'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['F01.145.813.550', 'F01.829.595'], ['F04.711'], ['F02.739'], ['I01.880.853.996.755', 'N01.824.782'], ['F01.145.813.650'], ['F02.463.593.752'], ['I01.880.853.996', 'N01.824'], ['F01.100.920', 'F01.145.813.854'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Design of smart EEG cap.
|
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Brain machine interface (BMI) is a system which communicates the brain with the external machines. In general, an electroencephalograph (EEG) machine has to be used to monitor multi-channel brain responses to improve the BMI performance. However, the bulky size of the EEG machine and applying conductive gels in EEG electrodes also cause the inconvenience of daily life applications. How to select the relevant EEG channel and remove irrelevant channels is important and useful for the development of BMIs.METHODS: In this research, a smart EEG cap was proposed to improve the above issues. Different from the conventional EEG machine, the proposed smart EEG cap contain a spatial filtering circuit to enhance EEG features in local area, and it could also select the relevant EEG channel automatically. Moreover, the novel dry active electrodes were also designed to acquire EEG without conductive gels in the hairy skin of the head, to improve the convenience in use.RESULTS: Finally, the proposed smart EEG cap was applied in motion imagery-based BMI and several experiments were tested to valid the system performance. The proposed smart EEG cap could effectively enhance EEG features and select relevant EEG channel, and the information transfer rate of BMI was about 6.06 bits/min.CONCLUSIONS: The proposed smart EEG cap has advantages of measuring EEG without conductive gels and wireless transmission to effectively improve the convenience of use, and reduce the limitation of activity in daily life. In the future, it might be widely applied in other BMI applications.
|
['Algorithms', 'Brain', 'Brain-Computer Interfaces', 'Electric Conductivity', 'Electrodes', 'Electroencephalography', 'Equipment Design', 'Head', 'Humans', 'Motion', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted', 'Skin', 'Wireless Technology']
| 31,416,561
|
[['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['A08.186.211'], ['E07.305.076'], ['G01.358.500.249.277'], ['E07.305.250'], ['E01.370.376.300', 'E01.370.405.245'], ['E05.320'], ['A01.456'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G01.482'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['L01.224.800'], ['A17.815'], ['L01.178.847.950']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
The effect of tubocurarine and suxamethonium on directly and indirectly elicited contractions of skeletal muscle in unanaesthetized man using single and train of four impulses.
|
1 Contractions of adductor pollicis in unanaesthetized man were elicited by direct and indirect stimulation. Single twitch responses as well as those by a train of four impulses at 2 Hz for 2 s were elicited for indirect stimulation. 2 After a suitable control period, tubocurarine (0.05 mg/kg) or suxamethonium (0.08 mg/kg) was administered intravenously. 3 A stepwise diminution in the train of four impulses was noticed after tubocurarine. Indirectly elicited contractions due to single stimulus and direct muscle stimulation remained unaltered. 4 Partial blockade of transient duration occured after suxamethonium for single as well as train of four stimuli. Directly elicited contractions remained unchanged. The intensity of blockade depended on the rate of injection of suxamethonium. 5 Indirectly elicited contractions by train of four impulses is a reliable and sensitive method for testing neuromuscular blocking drugs in unanaesthetized man.
|
['Adult', 'Electric Stimulation', 'Humans', 'Muscle Contraction', 'Succinylcholine', 'Tubocurarine']
| 619,946
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E05.723.402'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G11.427.494'], ['D02.092.877.883.333.780', 'D02.241.081.337.759.875', 'D02.675.276.232.780'], ['D02.092.877.922', 'D02.675.276.922', 'D03.132.098.916', 'D03.633.100.531.085.944', 'D03.633.100.531.820.875']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
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