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Intergenerational Patterns of Smoking and Nicotine Dependence Among US Adolescents.
|
OBJECTIVES: We examined associations between parental and adolescent smoking and nicotine dependence in the United States.METHODS: We used data from the 2004 to 2012 National Survey on Drug Use and Health, which ascertained smoking behaviors of 1 parent and 1 adolescent aged 12 to 17 years in 35 000 dyads. We estimated associations between parental and adolescent smoking behaviors, adjusted for covariates.RESULTS: Parental current dependence was strongly associated with adolescents' lifetime smoking (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 2.96; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.47, 3.55), whereas parental current nondependent smoking (AOR = 2.26; 95% CI = 1.92, 2.67) and former smoking (AOR = 1.51; 95% CI = 1.31, 1.75) were less strongly associated. Only parental nicotine dependence was associated with adolescent nicotine dependence (AOR = 1.66; 95% CI = 1.00, 2.74). Associations between parental and adolescent smoking did not differ by race/ethnicity. Parents' education, marital status, and parenting and adolescents' mental health, beliefs about smoking, perception of schoolmates' smoking, and other substance use predicted adolescent smoking and dependence.CONCLUSIONS: Reducing parental smoking would reduce adolescent smoking. Prevention efforts should encourage parental smoking cessation, improve parenting, address adolescent mental health, and reinforce adolescents' negative beliefs about smoking.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adolescent Behavior', 'Adult', 'Child', 'Female', 'Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Mental Health', 'Middle Aged', 'Odds Ratio', 'Parents', 'Smoking', 'Socioeconomic Factors', 'Tobacco Use Disorder', 'United States']
| 26,378,847
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['F01.145.022'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.406'], ['F01.100.150.500', 'N05.300.150.410'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F02.418', 'N01.400.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.740.600.600', 'G17.680.500', 'N05.715.360.750.625.590', 'N06.850.520.830.600.600'], ['F01.829.263.500.320', 'I01.880.853.150.500.340', 'M01.620'], ['F01.145.805'], ['I01.880.853.996', 'N01.824'], ['C25.775.912', 'F03.900.912'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
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First clinical tests using a liquid-filled electronic portal imaging device and a convolution model for the verification of the midplane dose.
|
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Recently, algorithms have been developed to derive the patient dose from portal dose measurements using a liquid-filled electronic portal imaging device. These algorithms have already been validated for several phantom geometries irradiated under clinical conditions. It is the aim of the present study to investigate the applicability of a liquid-filled electronic portal imaging device in combination with these algorithms for two-dimensional midplane dose verification in clinical practice.MEASUREMENTS AND METHODS: Portal dose images were obtained during several patient treatments under routine clinical conditions. Measurements were performed to verify the midplane dose during radiotherapy of larynx cancer with 4 MV beams, breast and lung cancer with 8 MV beams and prostate cancer with both 8 and 18 MV beams. Midplane doses, determined from portal dose measurements and analyzed with our algorithms, were compared with midplane doses calculated with our three-dimensional (3D) treatment planning system (TPS).RESULTS: For the larynx treatment the measured 2D midplane dose agreed within 2.0% with TPS calculations in most parts of the field. Larger differences were found in a small region below the skin due to the absence of electron equilibrium, which is not taken into account in our portal dose analysis. For breast irradiations the measured midplane dose showed a homogeneous distribution in the AP direction in the axial plane, while high dose regions were observed in the cranial and caudal part of the breast. Portal dose measurements and TPS calculations agreed within 2.5% for most of the prostate and lung irradiations. For a few of the prostate and lung treatments larger local differences were found due to differences between the actual patient anatomy and the planning CT data, e.g. as a result of variable gas filling in the rectum and anatomical changes in the lung.CONCLUSIONS: Portal dose measurements with a liquid-filled electronic portal imaging device can be used to determine the 2D midplane dose for various treatment sites in clinical practice. Portal in vivo dosimetry has proven to be important in detecting changes in the patient's anatomy and its influence on the dose delivery. It is concluded that portal dosimetry is an excellent tool for accurate and independent verification of the dose in the entire (2D) midplane during patient treatment. However, a limited number of patients were involved in this study and the results are therefore preliminary. More research is needed to fully assess the clinical value of portal dose measurements.
|
['Algorithms', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Neoplasms', 'Phantoms, Imaging', 'Radiation Oncology', 'Radiography', 'Radiotherapy Dosage', 'Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Scattering, Radiation']
| 9,681,895
|
[['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04'], ['E07.671'], ['H02.403.429.515.500', 'H02.403.740.650'], ['E01.370.350.700'], ['E02.815.639'], ['E02.950.825', 'L01.313.500.750.100.710.600.608'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['E05.196.822', 'G01.867']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
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Lymphocyte cell lines from vitamin D-dependent rickets type II show functional defects in the 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 receptor.
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Lymphocyte cell lines were established from five patients with vitamin D-dependent rickets, type II (VDDR-II). These lines were established by infection with human T-lymphotrophic virus type I (HTLV-I). Binding of [3H]1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) to its receptor in these cell lines was compared to binding studies using a T-lymphocyte cell line (S-LB1) from a normal individual. The 1,25(OH)2D3 receptor of S-LB1 was comparable to the well-characterized chick intestinal 1,25(OH)2D3 receptor in terms of its ligand binding affinity and capacity, its mobility on 5-20% sucrose gradients, and its adsorption to and elution properties from DNA-cellulose. Three cell lines established from patients with VDDR-II (Rh-VDR, Sh-VDR, and Ab-VDR) showed no specific binding of 1,25(OH)2D3 to a receptor and treatment of the cultured cells with 1,25(OH)2D3 did not stimulate production of 24,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D3 (24,25(OH)2D3), a response which is diagnostic of the presence of a functional 1,25(OH)2D3 receptor. In a fourth cell line, A1-VDR, the receptor for 1,25(OH)2D3 had a low binding capacity and 25(OH)D3-24-hydroxylase activity was not detectable. Induction of 24,25-(OH)2D3 synthesis by 1,25(OH)2D3 was observed in the fifth cell line, designated Ro-VDR, although the sensitivity to hormone treatment was lower than in the control cell line from a normal donor. The capacity of the receptor for 1,25(OH)2D3 was low in Ro-VDR. In all cell lines where 1,25(OH)2D3 binding to a receptor was detectable, the receptor had the typical sedimentation coefficient of 3.7 S on sucrose density gradient analysis. Binding and elution properties to DNA-cellulose, however, differed from normal in both Ro-VDR and A1-VDR cells where elution from DNA-cellulose occurred at a lower salt concentration than is typical of the 1,25(OH)2D3 receptor. While Ro-VDR cells showed typical nuclear localization of the unoccupied 1,25(OH)2D3 receptor, neither the unoccupied nor the occupied receptor from A1-VDR cells was completely localized in the nucleus. In a series of functional studies we found that modulation of the level of the mRNAs coding for both the c-myc oncogene and the growth factor known as granulocyte-monocyte colony stimulating activity by 1,25(OH)2D3 correlated with the 1,25(OH)2D3 receptor status of these cells. Use of these cell lines will facilitate further study of the molecular defect(s) in the receptor for 1,25(OH)2D3 in vitamin D-dependent rickets type II and will allow a correlation with impairment of cellular functions.
|
['24,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D 3', 'Calcitriol', 'Cell Line', 'Centrifugation, Density Gradient', 'Child, Preschool', 'Chromatography, DEAE-Cellulose', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Lymphocytes', 'Male', 'Proto-Oncogenes', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Receptors, Calcitriol', 'Receptors, Steroid', 'Rickets', 'T-Lymphocytes']
| 2,160,380
|
[['D04.210.500.247.222.159.478.387.400', 'D04.210.500.247.808.146.478.387.400', 'D04.210.500.812.768.196.478.387.400', 'D10.570.938.146.478.387.400'], ['D04.210.500.247.222.159.478.387.300', 'D04.210.500.247.808.146.478.387.300', 'D04.210.500.812.768.196.478.387.300', 'D10.570.938.146.478.387.300'], ['A11.251.210'], ['E05.181.724.336', 'E05.196.941.336'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['E05.196.181.400.383.349'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['A11.118.637.555.567', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567', 'A15.382.490.555.567'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.375.500.791'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['D12.776.826.535'], ['D12.776.826.750', 'D12.776.930.778'], ['C05.116.198.816', 'C18.452.104.816', 'C18.452.174.845', 'C18.654.521.500.133.770.734'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.569', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
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| 0
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The determination of the partial 18 S ribosomal DNA sequences of Cordyceps species.
|
Cordyceps species, which are used in Chinese traditional medicines, are fungal parasites of insects. In this study the partial nucleotide sequences of 18 S ribosomal DNA from four Cordyceps species were determined and compared with the sequences of published ascomycetes. The sequence data support the concept that Cordyceps species belong to the pyrenomycetes. Based on sequence data the phylogenetic tree was constructed using the neighbor-joining (NJ) method. Diversity in the phylogenetic tree was found for Cordyceps species. A new classification of Cordyceps species can be constructed based on the phylogenetic information obtained from such rDNA sequences.
|
['Animals', 'Ascomycota', 'Base Sequence', 'DNA Primers', 'DNA, Fungal', 'DNA, Ribosomal', 'Hypocreales', 'Insecta', 'Medicine, Chinese Traditional', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Phylogeny', 'RNA, Ribosomal, 18S', 'Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid', 'Species Specificity']
| 9,351,269
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.300.107'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['D13.695.578.424.450.275', 'D27.720.470.530.600.223.600'], ['D13.444.308.300'], ['D13.444.308.475'], ['B01.300.107.501'], ['B01.050.500.131.617'], ['E02.190.488.585.520', 'I01.076.201.450.654.558.520'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G05.697', 'G16.075.605', 'L01.100.697'], ['D13.444.735.686.675'], ['G02.111.810.550', 'G05.810.550'], ['G16.824']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
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| 0
| 1
| 0
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Murine remote ischemic preconditioning suppresses diabetic ketoacidosis by enhancing glycolysis and entry into tricarboxylic acid cycle in the liver.
|
AIMS: Hindlimb ischemia-reperfusion (IR) was previously demonstrated by our group to decrease blood sugar levels by suppressing hepatic gluconeogenesis and enhancing glucose uptake using activation of the parasympathetic nervous system. While IR attenuated hyperglycemia in diabetic mice, it was unclear whether IR regulated energy metabolism in the liver. We investigated the mechanisms by which IR regulates energy metabolism in the liver from type1 diabetic mice.MAIN METHODS: Streptozotocin-induced diabetic male C57BL/6J mice were used to determine the effect of IR on the factors involved in energy metabolism in the liver (i.e., activation levels of AMP-activated protein kinase, aconitase and pyruvate dehydrogenase; adenosine triphosphate and fumarate concentrations; sirtuin (Sirt) 1 expression). These various signaling pathways and key enzyme activities were examined using western blot analysis and a biochemical technique including a colorimetric assay.KEY FINDINGS: Under feeding conditions (free access to normal murine chow and water), blood glucose levels and serum ketone body levels were significantly suppressed by IR, whereas phospho-AMP-activated protein kinase and its activity, pyruvate dehydrogenase, aconitase activity, and Sirt 1expression were upregulated. In contrast, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ã coactivator-1, which accelerated fatty acid use, was suppressed by IR.SIGNIFICANCE: These results indicated that in the IR-treated diabetic liver, energy production was promoted through acceleration of the tricarboxylic acid cycle linked with increased glucose preference rather than fatty acid under feeding conditions. Therefore, IR may be beneficial against diabetic hyperglycemia, but also ketoacidosis.
|
['Animals', 'Blood Glucose', 'Citric Acid Cycle', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental', 'Diabetic Ketoacidosis', 'Energy Metabolism', 'Fatty Acids', 'Glycolysis', 'Ischemic Preconditioning', 'Ketone Bodies', 'Liver', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Streptozocin']
| 32,387,415
|
[['B01.050'], ['D09.947.875.359.448.500'], ['G02.111.165', 'G03.295.342', 'G03.493.170'], ['C18.452.394.750.074', 'C19.246.240', 'E05.598.500.374'], ['C18.452.076.176.652.500', 'C18.452.394.750.535', 'C19.246.099.812'], ['G03.295'], ['D10.251'], ['G02.111.158.750', 'G03.191.750', 'G03.295.436', 'G03.493.360'], ['E02.592', 'E05.516'], ['D02.522.585'], ['A03.620'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['D02.065.950.594.768', 'D02.654.692.768', 'D09.408.051.900']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
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Serum amyloid P component binds to histones and activates the classical complement pathway.
|
Two members of the pentraxin family of proteins, C-reactive protein (CRP) and serum amyloid P component (SAP), bind to chromatin and may be involved in the solubilization and clearance of nuclear material. Previous studies demonstrated that CRP binding to chromatin is mediated by histones. SAP differs from CRP in being able to bind to DNA, but SAP binding to histones has not been reported. CRP is an activator of the classical C pathway, and C-dependent cleavage of chromatin in the presence of CRP and serum has been shown. Oligomers of SAP have recently been found to bind to C1q and consume total C and C4, indicating that SAP can activate C as well. The present study examined CRP and SAP binding to histones H1 and H2A and C activation after binding. SAP binding to histones H1 and H2A was observed as well as SAP binding to chromatin. In contrast to CRP, SAP binding to chromatin did not require H1. SAP partially inhibited CRP binding to chromatin and to H1. However, neither pentraxin inhibited binding of the other to H2A. Binding of either CRP or SAP to H2A activated C in SAP-depleted serum leading to the deposition of C4 and C3. C activation required C1q and produced C4d indicating that it occurred through the classical pathway. These findings demonstrate that CRP and SAP share histone as well as chromatin binding, and that both pentraxins can activate the classical C pathway after ligand binding.
|
['Animals', 'Binding, Competitive', 'C-Reactive Protein', 'Complement C1q', 'Complement C4', 'Complement Pathway, Classical', 'Histones', 'Humans', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Protein Binding', 'Serum Amyloid P-Component']
| 1,431,140
|
[['B01.050'], ['E05.196.080', 'G02.111.084', 'G02.111.570.120.309'], ['D12.776.034.145', 'D12.776.124.050.120', 'D12.776.124.486.157'], ['D12.776.124.486.274.050.270'], ['D12.776.124.486.274.350'], ['G12.274.698'], ['D12.776.157.687.485', 'D12.776.660.720.485', 'D12.776.664.469'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.481'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808'], ['D12.776.049.407.875', 'D12.776.124.050.730', 'D12.776.395.690']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Monkeys represent others' knowledge but not their beliefs.
|
The capacity to reason about the false beliefs of others is classically considered the benchmark for a fully fledged understanding of the mental lives of others. Although much is known about the developmental origins of our understanding of others' beliefs, we still know much less about the evolutionary origins of this capacity. Here, we examine whether non-human primates - specifically, rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) - share this developmental achievement. We presented macaques with a looking-time measure of false belief understanding, one that had recently been developed for use with 15-month-old human infants. Like human infants, monkeys look longer when a human experimenter fails to search in the correct location when she has accurate knowledge. In contrast to infants, however, monkeys appear to make no prediction about how a human experimenter will act when she has a false belief. Across three studies, macaques' pattern of results is consistent with the view that monkeys can represent the knowledge and ignorance of others, but not their beliefs. The capacity to represent beliefs may therefore be a unique hallmark of human cognition.
|
['Animals', 'Attention', 'Biological Evolution', 'Cognition', 'Humans', 'Macaca mulatta', 'Theory of Mind', 'Time Factors', 'Video Recording']
| 22,010,899
|
[['B01.050'], ['F02.830.104.214'], ['G05.045', 'G16.075'], ['F02.463.188'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.199.120.510.550'], ['F02.463.689', 'F02.739.897'], ['G01.910.857'], ['L01.280.960']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Implementation and Operational Research: Programmatic Feasibility of Dried Blood Spots for the Virological Follow-up of Patients on Antiretroviral Treatment in Nord Kivu, Democratic Republic of the Congo.
|
BACKGROUND: As part of its policy to shift monitoring of antiretroviral therapy (ART) to primary health care (PHC) workers, the Ministry of Health of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) tested the feasibility of using dried blood spots (DBS) for viral load (VL) quantification and genotypic drug resistance testing in off-site high-throughput laboratories.METHODS: DBS samples from adults on ART were collected in 13 decentralized PHC facilities in the Nord-Kivu province and shipped during program quarterly supervision to a reference laboratory 2000 km away, where VL was quantified with a commercial assay (m2000rt, Abbott). A second DBS was sent to a World Health Organization (WHO)-accredited laboratory for repeat VL quantification on a subset of samples with a generic assay (Biocentric) and genotypic drug resistance testing when VL >1000 copies per milliliter.FINDINGS: Constraints arose because of an interruption in national laboratory funding rather than to technical or logistic problems. All samples were assessed by both VL assays to allow ART adjustment. Median DBS turnaround time was 37 days (interquartile range: 9-59). Assays performed unequally with DBS, impacting clinical decisions, quality assurance, and overall cost-effectiveness. Based on m2000rt or generic assay, 31.3% of patients were on virological failure (VF) and 14.8% presented resistance mutations versus 50.3% and 15.4%, respectively.CONCLUSION: This study confirms that current technologies involving DBS make virological monitoring of ART possible at PHC level, including in challenging environments, provided organizational issues are addressed. Adequate core funding of HIV laboratories and adapted choice of VL assays require urgent attention to control resistance to ART as coverage expands.
|
['Adult', 'Anti-Retroviral Agents', 'Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active', 'Blood', 'Democratic Republic of the Congo', 'Dried Blood Spot Testing', 'Drug Resistance, Viral', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'HIV Infections', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Operations Research', 'Viral Load']
| 26,413,848
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D27.505.954.122.388.077'], ['E02.319.310.075'], ['A12.207.152', 'A15.145'], ['Z01.058.290.100.220'], ['E01.370.225.124.100.232', 'E05.200.124.100.232'], ['G06.225.420', 'G06.920.225', 'G07.690.773.984.269.420'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['C01.221.250.875', 'C01.221.812.640.400', 'C01.778.640.400', 'C01.925.782.815.616.400', 'C01.925.813.400', 'C20.673.480'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['H01.770.644.333', 'L01.906.394'], ['E01.370.225.875.950', 'E05.200.875.950', 'G06.920.850']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
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| 1
| 0
| 0
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| 1
| 1
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Presence of NK2 binding sites in the rat brain.
|
Attempts were made to label tachykinin NK2 binding sites in the adult rat brain using [125I]neurokinin A (NKA) as ligand in the presence of NK1 and NK3 agonist or antagonist to avoid labelling of NK1 and NK3 binding sites, respectively. A high-affinity, specifically NK2-sensitive, [125I]NKA-binding, temperature-dependent, reversible, sensitive to GTPgammaS and correspondence to a single population of binding sites (K(D) and B(max) values: 2.2 nM and 7.3 fmol/mg protein) was demonstrated on hippocampal membranes. Competition studies performed with tachykinins and tachykinin-related compounds indicated that the pharmacological properties of these NK2-sensitive [125I]NKA binding sites were identical to those identified in the rat urinary bladder and duodenum. NKA, neuropeptide K, and neuropeptide gamma, as well as the potent and selective NK2 antagonists SR 144190, SR 48968 and MEN 10627, presented a nanomolar affinity for these sites. The regional distribution of these NK2-sensitive [125I]NKA binding sites differs markedly from those of NK1 and NK3 binding sites, with the largest labeling being found in the hippocampus, the thalamus and the septum. Binding in other brain structures was low or negligible. A preliminary autoradiographic analysis confirmed [125I]NKA selective binding in hippocampal CA1 and CA3 areas, particularly, and in several thalamic nuclei.
|
['Animals', 'Autoradiography', 'Binding Sites', 'Brain Chemistry', 'Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', "Guanosine 5'-O-(3-Thiotriphosphate)", 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Ligands', 'Male', 'Membranes', 'Neurokinin A', 'Peripheral Nervous System', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Receptors, Neurokinin-2', 'Receptors, Neurokinin-3', 'Tachykinins']
| 11,739,610
|
[['B01.050'], ['E01.370.225.750.132', 'E05.200.750.132', 'E05.799.256'], ['G02.111.570.120'], ['G02.111.150', 'G03.185'], ['E05.196.181.400.300'], ['D02.886.765.380', 'D13.695.667.454.504.380', 'D13.695.827.426.504.380', 'D13.695.900.380'], ['E05.481'], ['D27.720.470.480'], ['A10.615'], ['D12.644.276.812.900.500', 'D12.644.400.800.500', 'D12.644.456.800.500', 'D12.776.467.812.900.500', 'D12.776.631.650.800.500', 'D23.469.050.375.850.550', 'D23.529.812.900.500'], ['A08.800'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.862.540', 'D12.776.543.750.720.600.830.540', 'D12.776.543.750.750.555.830.540'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.862.580', 'D12.776.543.750.720.600.830.580', 'D12.776.543.750.750.555.830.580'], ['D12.644.276.812.900', 'D12.644.400.800', 'D12.644.456.800', 'D12.776.467.812.900', 'D12.776.631.650.800', 'D23.469.050.375.850', 'D23.529.812.900']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Phenolic acids from beer are absorbed and extensively metabolized in humans.
|
In spite of the wide literature describing the biological effects of phenolic compounds, scarce data are available on their absorption from diet. In the present work, we studied the absorption in humans of phenolic acids from beer, a common beverage rich in different phenolic acids with related chemical structures. Beer was analyzed for free and total (free+bound) phenolic acids. Ferulic, caffeic and sinapic acids were present in beer mainly as bound forms, while 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid and p-coumaric acid were present mainly as free forms. Vanillic acid was present equally in the free and bound forms. Plasma samples were collected before and 30 and 60 min after beer administration and analyzed for free and conjugated phenolic acid content. A significant two- to fourfold increase in plasma levels of phenolic acids was detected with peak concentrations at 30 min after beer ingestion. 4-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid was present in plasma mainly as nonconjugated forms while p-coumaric acid was present equally as nonconjugated and conjugated forms. Ferulic, vanillic and caffeic acids were present in plasma predominantly as conjugated forms, with a slight prevalence of sulfates with respect to glucuronates. Our results indicate that phenolic acids from beer are absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and are present in blood after being largely metabolized to the form of glucuronide and sulfate conjugates. The extent of conjugation is related to the chemical structure of phenolic acids: the monohydroxy derivatives showing the lowest conjugation degree and the dihydroxy derivatives showing the highest one.
|
['Absorption', 'Adult', 'Beer', 'Caffeic Acids', 'Coumaric Acids', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hydroxybenzoates', 'Male']
| 16,242,314
|
[['G01.015', 'G02.010', 'G03.015', 'G03.787.024', 'G07.690.725.015'], ['M01.060.116'], ['G07.203.100.100.200', 'G07.203.200.250', 'J02.200.100.200', 'J02.350.250'], ['D02.241.223.200.054'], ['D02.241.223.200.210'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D02.241.223.100.300', 'D02.241.511.390', 'D02.455.426.559.389.127.281', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.410']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Beta-blocker therapy for heart failure: should the therapeutic target be dose or heart rate reduction?
|
Therapeutic target with beta blockers in heart failure, i.e., target heart rate reduction or beta-blocker dose, is controversial. To resolve this controversy, the authors studied 152 heart failure patients on beta blockers who were divided into four groups based on median peak exercise heart rate reduction as compared with predicted and prescription of at least 50% recommended beta-blocker dose. Event-free survival (vs. death or assist device placement or urgent transplantation) was compared. Baseline and peak exercise heart rates were 74 +/- 14 and 116 +/- 21 bpm, respectively. Median heart rate reduction at peak exercise was 35%. When median or higher peak heart rate reduction was achieved, there were no significant survival differences noted between patients on different beta-blocker doses. With below-median peak heart rate reduction, there was a strong trend toward better event-free survival with higher beta-blocker doses. In conclusion, the results suggest that higher heart rate reduction is associated with better outcomes for heart failure patients overall and, for patients with persistently elevated heart rates, higher beta-blocker doses provided additional benefit.
|
['Adrenergic beta-Antagonists', 'Carbazoles', 'Carvedilol', 'Female', 'Heart Failure', 'Heart Rate', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Metoprolol', 'Middle Aged', 'Propanolamines', 'Survival Rate', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 16,894,279
|
[['D27.505.519.625.050.200.200', 'D27.505.696.577.050.200.200'], ['D03.633.100.473.144', 'D03.633.300.148'], ['D02.033.100.624.151', 'D02.033.755.624.151', 'D02.092.063.624.151', 'D03.633.100.473.144.125', 'D03.633.300.148.125'], ['C14.280.434'], ['E01.370.600.875.500', 'G09.330.380.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D02.033.100.624.698.573', 'D02.033.755.624.698.573', 'D02.092.063.624.698.573'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D02.033.100.624', 'D02.033.755.624', 'D02.092.063.624'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.900', 'N01.224.935.698.826', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.900', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.900'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Impact of extended prostate biopsy including apical anterior region for cancer detection and prediction of surgical margin status for radical prostatectomy.
|
Objectives: We investigated diagnostic yield of initial biopsy and repeated biopsy including apical cores.Methods: We investigated 573 consecutive men with PSA of ?20 ng/ml who underwent prostate biopsy between 2004 and 2013. The initial 14-core biopsy consisted of the sextant type, lateral sites at the base and middle, lateral apices (la) at anterior horn sites, and apical anterior sites (aa). The repeated 18-core biopsy consisted of the initial 14-core biopsy with four transition zone (TZ) sites at the base (tzb) and middle (tzm).Results: Prostate cancer was diagnosed in 178 (38.9%) of 458 men with the initial 14-core biopsy, and 44 (38.3%) of 115 men with the repeated 18-core biopsy. In the initial biopsy setting, the unique cancer detection rate was high in apical sites (apex, la, and aa: 6.2%, 6.2% and 5.1%, respectively). In the repeated setting, it was high in the TZ site in addition to the apical site (apex, la, aa, tzm, and tzb: 6.8%, 6.8%, 11.4%, 9.1% and 11.4%, respectively). The positive SM rate at the apex was higher in patients whose cancer was detected only in sites other than the sextant region than for those in the sextant region (36.4% vs. 14.8%, P = 0.037).Conclusions: The initial 14-core and the repeated 18-core biopsy scheme including apical anterior cores are feasible for prostate cancer detection. We propose that apical biopsy cores can be used to predict not only the existence of cancer but also surgical margin status at the apex.
|
['Aged', 'Biopsy', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Margins of Excision', 'Middle Aged', 'Prostate', 'Prostatectomy', 'Prostatic Neoplasms']
| 28,369,498
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['E01.370.225.500.384.100', 'E01.370.225.998.054', 'E01.370.388.100', 'E04.074', 'E05.200.500.384.100', 'E05.200.998.054', 'E05.242.384.100'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A10.830', 'C23.149.625'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['A05.360.444.575', 'A10.336.707'], ['E04.950.774.860.625'], ['C04.588.945.440.770', 'C12.294.260.750', 'C12.294.565.625', 'C12.758.409.750']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Place of culdocentesis in the diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy.
|
In developing countries the high incidence of anaemia and pelvic infection often makes the diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy difficult. Culdocentesis has been used in 100 doubtful cases out of 144 consecutive cases of ectopic pregnancy. The preoperative diagnosis was correct in 93 out of the 100 cases. There were three false-negative and four false-positive results; only two unnecessary laparotomies were performed. It is suggested that culdocentesis has an essential place in the early diagnosis of doubtful or atypical ectopic pregnancy. It was simple, safe, and reliable. Owing to earlier diagnosis maternal mortality and morbidity and the duration of stay in hospital have all been reduced.
|
['Adult', 'Blood Transfusion', 'Drainage', 'Female', 'Hemorrhage', 'Humans', 'Maternal Mortality', 'Methods', 'Pregnancy', 'Pregnancy, Ectopic', 'Shock, Hemorrhagic', 'Vagina']
| 5,412,946
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E02.095.135'], ['E02.309', 'E04.237'], ['C23.550.414'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.500', 'N01.224.935.698.653', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.500', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.500'], ['E05.581'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['C13.703.733'], ['C23.550.414.980', 'C23.550.835.650'], ['A05.360.319.779']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Invariant NKT cells suppress CD8(+) T-cell-mediated allergic contact dermatitis independently of regulatory CD4(+) T cells.
|
Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells expressing a CD1d-restricted invariant áâTCR have key regulatory roles in autoimmunity, pathogen immunity, and tumor surveillance, but their function in the control of allergic skin diseases remains poorly documented. Using a model of contact hypersensitivity (CHS) to the hapten DNFB, we show here that iNKT cell deficiency results in enhanced skin inflammation due to augmented hapten-specific IFN-ã-producing CD8(+) effectors in skin draining lymph nodes (dLNs) and their massive recruitment into the allergen-exposed skin. Adoptive transfer and antibody depletion experiments as well as in vitro studies revealed that iNKT cells (1) reduce the severity of CHS, even in presensitized mice, (2) require hapten presentation by CD1d(+) dendritic cells (DCs) to dampen skin inflammation, and (3) produce IL-4 and IL-13 after CD1d-dependent in vitro stimulation by hapten-loaded DCs only in the presence of IFN-ã released from activated CD8(+) effector T cells. In corollary, mice double deficient in IL-4 and IL-13 exhibit an exacerbated CHS. Finally, iNKT-suppressive function is independent of Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells (Tregs). These data highlight that, besides Foxp3(+) Tregs, iNKT cells are potent downregulators of CD8(+) T cell-mediated CHS, and underscore that both cell types are important for the regulation of allergic skin inflammation.
|
['Animals', 'Antigens, CD1d', 'CD4 Antigens', 'CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes', 'Cell Communication', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Coculture Techniques', 'Dermatitis, Allergic Contact', 'Down-Regulation', 'Female', 'Flow Cytometry', 'Forkhead Transcription Factors', 'Interferon-gamma', 'Interleukin-13', 'Interleukin-4', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Mice, Knockout', 'Natural Killer T-Cells', 'T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory']
| 23,190,881
|
[['B01.050'], ['D23.050.301.264.035.100.500', 'D23.050.301.264.894.080.500', 'D23.101.100.110.100.500', 'D23.101.100.894.080.500'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.852.420.810.500', 'D12.776.543.750.830.700.025', 'D23.050.301.264.894.100', 'D23.101.100.894.100'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.569.220', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.220', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.220'], ['G04.085'], ['A11.251'], ['E05.481.500.374'], ['C17.800.174.255.100', 'C17.800.815.255.100', 'C20.543.418.150'], ['G02.111.240', 'G05.308.200', 'G07.690.773.937'], ['E01.370.225.500.363.342', 'E01.370.225.500.386.350', 'E05.196.712.516.600.240.350', 'E05.200.500.363.342', 'E05.200.500.386.350', 'E05.242.363.342', 'E05.242.386.350'], ['D12.776.260.950.249', 'D12.776.930.977.249'], ['D12.644.276.374.440.893', 'D12.644.276.374.480.615.350', 'D12.776.467.374.440.893', 'D12.776.467.374.480.615.350', 'D23.529.374.440.893', 'D23.529.374.480.615.350'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.513', 'D12.776.467.374.465.513', 'D23.529.374.465.513'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.186', 'D12.776.467.374.465.178', 'D23.529.374.465.186'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['B01.050.050.136.500.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.455', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800.500'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.569.290', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.360', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.470'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.550.500.700', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.200.700', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.500.700', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.550.500.700', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.200.700', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.500.700', 'A15.382.490.555.567.550.500.700', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.200.700', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.500.700']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Genomic analysis of HAdV-B14 isolate from the outbreak of febrile respiratory infection in China.
|
Human adenovirus type 14 (HAdV-B14) was first reported in 1955 from the Netherlands and since then had been associated with outbreaks of febrile respiratory illness (FRI). In China, sporadic HAdV-B14 infections were first identified in 2010, in Guangzhou and Beijing. In 2012, an outbreak of FRI occurred in Beijing and the etiological agent was determined to be HAdV-B14. We present a complete HAdV-B14 genome sequence isolated from this recent FRI outbreak. Virus in 30 throat swab samples was detected using polymerase chain reaction assays, and confirmed by sequencing of the fiber, hexon and penton genes. Comparative genomics and phylogenetic analysis showed that the newly isolated HAdV-B14 (HAdV-B14 CHN) shared highest sequence homology with a 2006 isolate from the United States and clustered closely with other HAdV-B14 strains. It is expected that data from the present study will help in devising better protocols for virus surveillance, and in developing preventative measures.
|
['Adenovirus Infections, Human', 'Adenoviruses, Human', 'China', 'Disease Outbreaks', 'Fever', 'Genes, Viral', 'Genome, Viral', 'Humans', 'Phylogeny', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Respiratory Tract Infections', 'Sequence Analysis, DNA', 'Sequence Homology', 'United States']
| 24,055,951
|
[['C01.925.256.076.045'], ['B04.280.030.500.350'], ['Z01.252.474.164'], ['N06.850.290'], ['C23.888.119.344'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.364.875', 'G05.360.340.358.024.875', 'G05.360.340.358.840.500'], ['G05.360.340.358.840'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G05.697', 'G16.075.605', 'L01.100.697'], ['E05.393.620.500'], ['C01.748', 'C08.730'], ['E05.393.760.700'], ['G02.111.810', 'G05.810'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Clinical aspects of the SR-IV Programmed Subjective Refractor.
|
Five studies were performed on 682 eyes of currently working and retired factory workers and some of their children. The magnitude of the refractive error and the visual acuity obtained were essentially equivalent for the two methods (SR-IV, Phoroptor). SR-IV testing required less time than conventional techniques. Patients reported the SR-IV easy to use and they expressed confidence in the results. In a separate study, the amplitude of accommodation was measured. This measurement may prove useful in estimating the near addition.
|
['Accommodation, Ocular', 'Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Child', 'Humans', 'Middle Aged', 'Ophthalmology', 'Optometry', 'Refraction, Ocular', 'Refractive Errors']
| 7,148,974
|
[['G14.010'], ['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.406'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['H02.403.810.468'], ['H02.553'], ['E01.370.380.850.700', 'G01.590.775', 'G14.760'], ['C11.744']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 population bottleneck during indinavir therapy causes a genetic drift in the env quasispecies.
|
The impact of emergence of genetic resistance, soon after the beginning of antiretroviral therapy, on the genotype of other viral loci not implicated in the development of resistance was studied in four human immunodeficiency type 1 (HIV-1)-infected patients subjected to indinavir monotherapy. Two patients were chosen because they showed no decrease in virus load during the study period and two were selected because they showed a rapid decline in plasma viraemia after the initiation of therapy and a virus rebound after 12 weeks of treatment. The evolution of virus sequences was analysed within the four infected patients by examining virus sequences spanning the protease and C2-V3 env genes by RT-PCR of plasma samples obtained at the beginning and after 12 weeks of therapy. PCR products from the two genomic regions from the two sample points per patient were cloned and 10-15 clones from each sample were sequenced. Genotypic indinavir resistance was present in the four patients after 12 weeks of therapy. The overall protease and C2-V3 env regions quasispecies diversity at time zero was higher than that after 12 weeks of therapy, but this difference was more significant in the two patients who showed a reduction in virus load soon after the initiation of treatment. C2-V3 env sequences indicated that changes during emergence of resistance to indinavir were only detected in the two patients who showed a drastic reduction in virus load. Thus, a temporal relationship was observed between the start of therapy, a drastic reduction in virus load and a drift in the HIV-1 env quasispecies.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Cloning, Molecular', 'Drug Resistance, Microbial', 'Evolution, Molecular', 'Gene Frequency', 'Genes, env', 'HIV Envelope Protein gp120', 'HIV Infections', 'HIV Protease', 'HIV Protease Inhibitors', 'HIV-1', 'Humans', 'Indinavir', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Peptide Fragments', 'Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Sequence Alignment', 'Sequence Analysis, DNA', 'Viral Load']
| 10,640,545
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['E05.393.220'], ['G06.225', 'G07.690.773.984.269'], ['G05.045.250', 'G16.075.250'], ['G05.330'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.364.875.172', 'G05.360.340.358.024.875.172', 'G05.360.340.358.840.500.172'], ['D12.776.964.775.325.164.249', 'D12.776.964.775.562.500.500', 'D12.776.964.970.880.325.164.249', 'D23.050.327.520.350'], ['C01.221.250.875', 'C01.221.812.640.400', 'C01.778.640.400', 'C01.925.782.815.616.400', 'C01.925.813.400', 'C20.673.480'], ['D08.811.277.656.074.500.340', 'D08.811.277.656.300.048.340', 'D08.811.277.656.979.500', 'D12.776.964.775.375.545.750', 'D12.776.964.900.500.625'], ['D27.505.519.389.745.900.500', 'D27.505.954.122.388.077.088.420'], ['B04.820.650.589.650.350.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D03.383.725.385'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['D12.644.541'], ['E05.393.620.500.725'], ['E05.393.751'], ['E05.393.760.700'], ['E01.370.225.875.950', 'E05.200.875.950', 'G06.920.850']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Medicaid program: payment for long-term care facility services and inpatient hospital services--Health Care Financing Administration. Interim final rule with comment period.
|
We are revising the regulations on Medicaid payment for long-term care (LTC) facility and inpatient hospital services. Revised regulations are needed to implement recent amendments to the Medicaid law (section 962 of the Omnibus Reconciliation Act of 1980 and section 2173 of the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1981) that: (1) Removed the requirements, in the previous law, that State agencies pay for LTC facility services on a reasonable cost-related basis and for inpatient hospital services on a reasonable cost basis, in accordance with methods and standards developed by the State and approved by the Secretary; (2) Added the requirement that State agencies pay for both types of services through the use of rates that the State finds, and makes assurances satisfactory to the Secretary, are reasonable and adequate to meet the costs that efficiently and economically operated facilities must incur to provide care in conformity with applicable State and Federal laws, regulations, and quality and safety standards; and (3) Specified that payments for inpatient hospital services must take into account certain other factors, as explained in the preamble to these regulations. The purpose of the revised regulations is to set forth the procedures HCFA will use in obtaining and accepting States' assurances that their payment rates meet the requirements of the Medicaid law. These procedures are intended to increase States' discretion in setting rates, minimize the administrative requirements States, facilities, and hospitals must comply with, and ensure that facilities and hospitals receive the reasonable and adequate payments intended by law.
|
['Fees and Charges', 'Medicaid', 'Reimbursement Mechanisms', 'United States']
| 10,298,296
|
[['N03.219.442'], ['N03.219.521.346.506.564.655', 'N03.706.615.693'], ['N03.219.521.710.305'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Corpus albicans-like structures in the gonads in androgen insensitivity syndrome.
|
The complete androgen insensitivity syndrome is the most common form of male pseudohermaphroditism and is due to end-organ unresponsiveness to androgens. The patients are phenotypically female, but the genotype is 46, XY, and the gonads are testicles. However, the common presence of Sertoli cell adenomalike nodules of immature seminiferous tubules and the frequent presence of stroma resembling ovarian stroma may cause confusion about the nature of the gonad. Herein, we report the occurrence in such a gonad of corpus albicans-like structures, which resulted from progressive hyalinization and aggregation of immature tubules. These structures, which to our knowledge have not been previously described, must be recognized for what they represent to avoid misinterpretation in the pathologic evaluation of this disorder.
|
['Adult', 'Androgen-Insensitivity Syndrome', 'Androgens', 'Disorders of Sex Development', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Phenotype', 'Seminiferous Tubules', 'Testis']
| 8,786,209
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['C12.706.316.096.500', 'C13.351.875.253.096.500', 'C16.131.939.316.096.500', 'C16.320.322.061', 'C19.391.119.096.500'], ['D27.505.696.399.472.161'], ['C12.706.316', 'C13.351.875.253', 'C16.131.939.316', 'C19.391.119'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G05.695'], ['A05.360.444.849.700'], ['A05.360.444.849', 'A05.360.576.782', 'A06.300.312.782']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
[Moderate supplementation of potassium in essential hypertension].
|
23 unselected patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension, whose average supine blood pressure after two months' observation on no treatment was 154/99 mm Hg, were entered into an eight week double blind randomised crossover study of one month's treatment with slow release potassium tablets (60 mmol/day) versus placebo without alteration of dietary sodium or potassium intake. By the fourth week mean supine blood pressure had fallen by 4% on potassium supplementation compared with placebo. Urinary potassium excretion increased from 62 +/- 4.7 mmol/24 h on placebo to 118 +/- 7.4 mmol/24 h on potassium. The fall in blood pressure was not related to urinary sodium excretion before entry to the trial or while on placebo. Moderate potassium supplementation caused a small but significant fall in blood pressure in patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension and could be additive to the effects of moderate sodium restriction. This increase in potassium intake could be achieved with a potassium-based salt substitute and a moderate increase in vegetable and fruit consumption. Moderate dietary sodium restriction with dietary potassium supplementation may obviate or reduce the need for drug treatment in some patients with mild to moderate hypertension.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Clinical Trials as Topic', 'Delayed-Action Preparations', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hypertension', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Potassium', 'Tablets']
| 6,428,368
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E05.318.372.250.250', 'N05.715.360.330.250.250', 'N06.850.520.450.250.250'], ['D26.255.210', 'E02.319.300.253'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C14.907.489'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D01.268.549.550', 'D01.268.557.575', 'D01.552.528.652', 'D01.552.547.650'], ['D26.255.830']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Fetal expression of muscle-specific isoactins in multiple organs of the Wistar-Kyoto rat.
|
Actin, a cytoskeletal and contractile protein, is expressed in six different isoforms that exhibit striking specificity. No studies have considered the muscle-specific actin expression in multiple organ systems in the intact fetus. Using a monoclonal antibody (B4) which reacts specifically with the isoactins of the smooth and skeletal muscle our immunohistochemical study examined whole fetal body sections to follow the development of actin expression throughout the last third of gestation in the Wistar-Kyoto rat. B4 staining was exclusively localized to muscle, confirming its high specificity and its usefulness for studying the ontogeny of muscle-specific isoactins. At 15 days of gestation, B4 staining was detected in the heart, the thoracic aorta and the skeletal muscle of the chest wall. The distribution and intensity of staining in the heart were initially higher than in the aorta or skeletal muscle and remained unchanged throughout the remainder of gestation, suggesting that the maturation of cardiac actin expression is well developed, although not fully completed before birth. Expression of muscle-specific actins in skeletal muscle was age-dependent and correlated with the maturational changes of muscle cell precursors. B4 staining in the fetal kidney was not apparent until day 20 of gestation and was localized to the inner cortical vessels. in association with the most mature nephrons, suggesting a centrifugal maturation of the intrarenal vasculature. The intensity of B4 staining in most tissues including bronchi, bowel, diaphragm, chest wall muscle and peripheral and pulmonary arteries increased by the end of gestation.
|
['Actins', 'Animals', 'Digestive System', 'Fetus', 'Gestational Age', 'Heart', 'Kidney', 'Lung', 'Muscle, Smooth, Vascular', 'Muscles', 'Organ Specificity', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred WKY']
| 3,652,167
|
[['D05.750.078.730.250', 'D12.776.210.500.100', 'D12.776.220.525.255'], ['B01.050'], ['A03'], ['A16.378'], ['G07.345.500.325.235.968', 'G08.686.320'], ['A07.541'], ['A05.810.453'], ['A04.411'], ['A02.633.570.491', 'A07.015.733.500', 'A10.690.467.491'], ['A02.633', 'A10.690'], ['G07.650'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760.390', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400.390']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[The hygienic toxicological evaluation of the viral preparation Mamestrin].
|
The preparation "Mamestrine" developed in Bulgaria on the basis of NPV virus is meant for control of the Heliothis zea. Experiments are carried out on the toxic effect of the preparation, according to the requirements of FAO/WHO for assessment of the virus preparations and the acting in this country Bulgarian State Standards. On experimental animals (white rats of both sexes, white guinea pigs and white rabbits) are studied acute oral, dermal and inhalatory toxicity, subacute oral toxicity, dermal-irritation, eye-stimulation and skin-sensitizing activity, cytotoxicity and activity of the preparation in soils and waters. Toxicometric, integral, clinical and laboratory, biochemical and histological methods are used. Unrepeated oral application of dose 2.10(9) pol.kg-1, unrepeated dermal application of dose 1.10(9) pol.kg-1, in white rats and 0,4.10(7) pol.kg-1 in guinea pigs and 4 hrs inhalation unrepeated exposure of white rats to concentration 1.10(7) pol.m-3 provoke no signs of intoxication and lethal issue and are accepted as inoperative. During a 3-month oral application of the preparation in doses 1.10(7) and 1.10(9) pol.kg-1 are established no data for toxic effect on the organism of experimental white rats of both sexes. The preparation "Mamestrine" has no skin-irritative, eye-irritative, eye-stimulative and skin-sensitizing activity. There is no cytotoxic effect on animal (kidney of monkey) and human (carcinoma of the gullet) cellular cultures.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
|
['Animals', 'Baculoviridae', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Female', 'Guinea Pigs', 'Haplorhini', 'Humans', 'Insecticides', 'Male', 'Rabbits', 'Rats', 'Tumor Cells, Cultured']
| 1,796,114
|
[['B01.050'], ['B04.280.065', 'B04.525.100'], ['A11.251'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.550'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D27.720.031.700.491', 'D27.888.723.491'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.968.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['A11.251.860']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
A plant growth promoting rhizobacterium, Paenibacillus polymyxa strain GBR-1, suppresses root-knot nematode.
|
Exposure of root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita to various concentrations (5-100%) of culture filtrate of Paenibacillus polymyxa GBR-1 under in vitro conditions significantly reduced egg hatch and caused substantial mortality of its juveniles. The increase in the exposure durations of juveniles to culture filtrate and its concentrations increased the mortality rate. Similarly, higher concentrations increased its inhibitory effect on egg hatch. In higher concentrations (25-100%) egg hatch was inhibited by 84-91% after 2 days of exposures as compared to control in sterile distilled water. Application of various concentrations of culture filtrate extract or bacterial suspension of P. polymyxa GBR-1 into potting soil infested with 2000 J2 of M. incognita, reduced the root galling and nematode populations and increased tomato plant growth and root-mass production compared with untreated control (P< or = 0.05). The beneficial effect of P. polymyxa GBR-1 into potted soil increased exponentially with the increase in dose concentrations. Root gall index was reduced from 4.8 to 1.4 and 1.8 when potting soil was treated with 10% concentrations of culture filtrate extract and bacterial suspension, respectively, compared with untreated control. Application of bacterial suspension of P. polymyxa GBR-1 into potted soil at 3 day pre-inoculation of nematode was the most effective followed by simultaneously and at 2 days post-inoculation; as root galling was reduced by 62.5%, 58.3% and 50.0%, respectively, compared with untreated control.
|
['Animals', 'Panax', 'Plant Diseases', 'Plant Growth Regulators', 'Plant Roots', 'Rhizobium', 'Tylenchoidea']
| 17,706,411
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.087.500'], ['G15.610'], ['D27.505.696.377.760'], ['A18.400'], ['B03.440.400.425.700.800', 'B03.585.900', 'B03.660.050.662.670'], ['B01.050.500.500.294.400.984.825']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Two-phase thermophilic anaerobic digestion process for biohythane production treating biowaste: preliminary results.
|
This paper deals with the optimization of a two-phase anaerobic process treating biowaste for hydrogen and methane production. Neither physical nor chemical pre-treatments were used to optimize the process. The work was carried out at pilot scale, using two CSTRs (200 and 380 L working volume respectively) both maintained at thermophilic temperature (55 C) and fed semi-continuously with biowaste. The experiment was divided into three periods; during the first two periods the organic loading rate was maintained at 20 kg TVS/m3 d and the hydraulic retention time was changed from 6.6 to 3.3 days, while in the last period the digestate of the second reactor was recirculated to the first reactor in order to buffer the system and control pH at levels around 5. The HRT was maintained at 3.3 days and the OLR was decreased at 16.5 kg TVS/m3 d. The best yield was obtained in the last period where a specific hydrogen production of 50.9 L/kg VSfed was reached, with a H2 content in biogas from the first reactor of 36%. The methanogenic stage after the hydrogen conversion reached a specific biogas production of 0.62 m3/kg VSfed and an overall organic removal above 70%, without any stability problem. The overall biogas production was some 1.5 m3 per day with a gas composition of 10% H2 and 50% CH4.
|
['Anaerobiosis', 'Biofuels', 'Medical Waste Disposal', 'Sewage', 'Temperature']
| 22,097,052
|
[['G02.111.062', 'G03.078'], ['D20.147', 'N06.230.132.644.124'], ['D20.944.460.300', 'N06.850.460.710.460.300', 'N06.850.860.510.900.600.600'], ['D20.944.932.500'], ['G01.906.595', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710', 'G16.500.750.775.710', 'N06.230.150.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Circulating tumor cells and "suspicious objects" evaluated through CellSearch® in metastatic renal cell carcinoma.
|
BACKGROUND: Recent evidence supports the hypothesis that the CellSearch assay, used in the enumeration of circulating tumor cells (CTCs), may underestimate the number of CTCs, especially in tumors, such as renal cell carcinoma, frequently lacking cytokeratin expression. According to the CellSearch guidelines, all objects with no clear cytokeratin staining are defined as "suspicious objects", and are not counted as CTCs. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of CTCs and "suspicious objects" in 25 patients affected by metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC).PATIENTS AND METHODS: Twenty-five patients were enrolled in the study, all with a diagnosis of metastatic clear cell RCC. The CellSearch™ system was used to count the CTC in 7.5 mL of whole blood. A further 10 ml blood obtained from each patient was used to isolate CTCs through CELLection™ Dynabeads®. The expression of cytokeratin (CK) 8, 18, 19 and CD44 were evaluated by RT-PCR.RESULTS: Standard CTCs and suspicious objects were found in 16% and 60% of the patients, respectively. CK-8/18/19 transcripts were found in 15% and CD44 in 68% of the 19 patients with evidence of classical CTC or "suspicious objects" as assessed by Cellsearch.CONCLUSION: The low number of CTCs detected through CellSearch in renal cell carcinoma may be due to the presence of a CTC population with atypical characteristics and a peculiar gene expression profile, characterized by lack of cytokeratin expression and gain of CD44.
|
['Aged', 'Carcinoma, Renal Cell', 'Cytological Techniques', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic', 'Humans', 'Hyaluronan Receptors', 'Keratin-18', 'Keratin-19', 'Keratin-8', 'Kidney Neoplasms', 'Medical Oncology', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasm Metastasis', 'Neoplastic Cells, Circulating', 'Reproducibility of Results']
| 22,199,284
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['C04.557.470.200.025.390', 'C04.588.945.947.535.160', 'C12.758.820.750.160', 'C12.777.419.473.160', 'C13.351.937.820.535.160', 'C13.351.968.419.473.160'], ['E01.370.225.500', 'E05.200.500', 'E05.242'], ['G05.308.370'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D09.698.735.200.625', 'D12.776.395.550.200.625.144', 'D12.776.395.650.750.281', 'D12.776.543.550.200.625.144', 'D12.776.543.750.705.877.144', 'D23.050.301.350.625.144'], ['D05.750.078.593.450.300.800', 'D12.776.220.475.450.300.800', 'D12.776.860.607.300.800'], ['D05.750.078.593.450.300.900', 'D12.776.220.475.450.300.900', 'D12.776.860.607.300.900'], ['D05.750.078.593.450.600.800', 'D12.776.220.475.450.600.800', 'D12.776.860.607.650.800'], ['C04.588.945.947.535', 'C12.758.820.750', 'C12.777.419.473', 'C13.351.937.820.535', 'C13.351.968.419.473'], ['H02.403.429.515'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04.697.650', 'C23.550.727.650'], ['A11.642', 'C04.697.650.900', 'C23.550.727.650.900'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Retention of configuration in the action of human plasma 3'-exonuclease on oligo(deoxynucleoside phosphorothioate). A new method for assignment of absolute configuration at phosphorus in isotopomeric deoxyadenosine 5'-O-[(18)O]phosphorothioate.
|
A new method of analysis has allowed the exonucleolytic cleavage by human 3'-exonuclease to be determined. Hydrolysis by human plasma 3'-exonuclease proceeds with retention of configuration at phosphorus. The new method determines the sense of chirality at phosphorus in isotopomeric adenosine 5'-O-[(18)O]phosphorothioates. This is based on stereospecific two-step conversion of the mono-thionucleotide into the corresponding deoxyadenosine 5'-O-alpha-[(18)O]thiotriphosphate, followed by the use of terminal deoxyribonucleotidyl transferase and MALDI TOF mass spectrometry of the resulting elongated primer. Retention of configuration in the reaction of plasma 3'-exonuclease implies a two-step mechanism with two displacements on phosphorus. Inversion at each step leads to overall retention.
|
['Deoxyadenosines', 'Exonucleases', 'Humans', 'Molecular Conformation', 'Phosphorus', 'Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization', 'Thionucleotides']
| 11,971,710
|
[['D03.633.100.759.590.138.325', 'D13.570.230.229', 'D13.570.583.138.325'], ['D08.811.277.352.365'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G02.111.570.820'], ['D01.268.666'], ['E05.196.566.755'], ['D02.886.765', 'D13.695.900']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
New evidence on controlling alcohol use through price.
|
A problem in earlier studies of the demand for beer, wine and distilled spirits was determining the effect on one category of alcoholic beverage of price changes in other categories. The present study estimates the demand for all alcoholic beverages, finding a stable relationship over a 40-year period. Policy implications are also discussed.
|
['Alcohol Drinking', 'Alcoholic Beverages', 'Alcoholism', 'Costs and Cost Analysis', 'Financing, Personal', 'Humans', 'Public Policy', 'United States']
| 6,664,090
|
[['F01.145.317.269'], ['G07.203.100.100', 'J02.200.100'], ['C25.775.100.250', 'F03.900.100.350'], ['N03.219.151'], ['N03.219.559'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['I01.655.500.608', 'I01.880.604.825.608', 'N03.623.500.608'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-DNA adducts and survival among women with breast cancer.
|
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are mammary carcinogens in animal studies, and a few epidemiologic studies have suggested a link between elevated levels of PAH-DNA adducts and breast cancer incidence. An association between PAH-DNA adducts and survival among breast cancer cases has not been previously reported. We conducted a survival analysis among women with newly diagnosed invasive breast cancer between 1996 and 1997, enrolled in the Long Island Breast Cancer Study Project. DNA was isolated from blood samples that were obtained from cases shortly after diagnosis and assayed for PAH-DNA adducts using ELISA. Among the 722 cases with PAH-DNA adduct measurements, 97 deaths (13.4%) from all causes and 54 deaths (7.5%) due to breast cancer were reported to the National Death Index (NDI) by December 31, 2002. Using Cox proportional hazards models and controlling for age at diagnosis, we did not find evidence that all-cause mortality (hazard ratio (HR)=0.88; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.57-1.37), or breast cancer mortality (HR=1.20; 95% CI: 0.63-2.28) was strongly associated with detectable PAH-DNA adduct levels compared with non-detectable adducts; additionally, no dose-response association was observed. Among a subgroup with treatment data (n=520), adducts were associated with over a two-fold higher mortality among those receiving radiation, but mortality for adducts was reduced among hormone therapy users. Results from this large population-based study do not provide strong support for an association between detectable PAH-DNA adducts and survival among women with breast cancer, except perhaps among those receiving radiation treatment.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Breast Neoplasms', 'Carcinogens, Environmental', 'Case-Control Studies', 'DNA Adducts', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Incidence', 'Middle Aged', 'Outcome Assessment, Health Care', 'Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Proportional Hazards Models', 'Survival Analysis', 'Young Adult']
| 19,181,313
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['C04.588.180', 'C17.800.090.500'], ['D27.888.569.100.125'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['D13.444.308.135', 'G05.200.104'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.375', 'N01.224.935.597.500', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.375', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.375'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['H01.770.644.145.431', 'N04.761.559.590', 'N05.715.360.575.575'], ['D02.455.426.559.847', 'D04.615'], ['E05.318.370.800.650', 'N05.715.360.325.700.640', 'N06.850.520.445.800.650'], ['E05.318.740.500.700', 'E05.318.740.600.700', 'E05.318.740.750.725', 'E05.318.740.998.825', 'E05.599.835.900', 'N05.715.360.750.530.650', 'N05.715.360.750.625.650', 'N05.715.360.750.695.650', 'N05.715.360.750.795.825', 'N06.850.520.830.500.700', 'N06.850.520.830.600.700', 'N06.850.520.830.750.725', 'N06.850.520.830.998.912'], ['E05.318.740.998', 'N05.715.360.750.795', 'N06.850.520.830.998'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
The case against 'pot'.
|
There has been much ill-informed debate about cannabis and the fallacy has come to be accepted that little or nothing of scientific value is known about the effects of the drug. This paper presents definitive evidence concerning the hazards of cannabis use, particularly in terms of intoxication effects, driving hazards, progression to other drug use and interaction with other commonly taken drugs.
|
['Aggression', 'Animals', 'Australia', 'Automobile Driving', 'Cannabis', 'Dronabinol', 'Humans', 'Legislation, Drug', 'Risk', 'Substance-Related Disorders']
| 588,151
|
[['F01.145.126.125', 'F01.145.813.045'], ['B01.050'], ['Z01.639.100', 'Z01.678.100.373'], ['I03.125'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.859.937.055.500'], ['D02.455.849.090.810'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['I01.880.604.605', 'N03.706.615.402'], ['E05.318.740.600.800', 'G17.680.750', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800'], ['C25.775', 'F03.900']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Variable responses of regional renal oxygenation and perfusion to vasoactive agents in awake sheep.
|
Vasoactive agents are used in critical care to optimize circulatory function, but their effects on renal tissue oxygenation in the absence of anesthesia remain largely unknown. Therefore, we assessed the effects of multiple vasoactive agents on regional kidney oxygenation in awake sheep. Sheep were surgically instrumented with pulmonary and renal artery flow probes, and combination fiber-optic probes, in the renal cortex and medulla, comprising a fluorescence optode to measure tissue Po2 and a laser-Doppler probe to assess tissue perfusion. Carotid arterial and renal venous cannulas enabled measurement of arterial pressure and total renal oxygen delivery and consumption. Norepinephrine (0.1 or 0.8 ìg·kg(-1)·min(-1)) dose-dependently reduced cortical and medullary laser Doppler flux (LDF) and Po2 without significantly altering renal blood flow (RBF), or renal oxygen delivery or consumption. Angiotensin II (9.8 ± 2.1 ìg/h) reduced RBF by 21%, renal oxygen delivery by 28%, oxygen consumption by 18%, and medullary Po2 by 38%, but did not significantly alter cortical Po2 or cortical or medullary LDF. Arginine vasopressin (3.3 ± 0.5 ìg/h) caused similar decreases in RBF and renal oxygen delivery, but did not significantly alter renal oxygen consumption or cortical or medullary LDF or Po2. Captopril had no observable effects on cortical or medullary LDF or Po2, at a dose that increased renal oxygen delivery by 24%, but did not significantly alter renal oxygen consumption. We conclude that vasoactive agents have diverse effects on regional kidney oxygenation in awake sheep that are not predictable from their effects on LDF, RBF, or total renal oxygen delivery and consumption.
|
['Angiotensin II', 'Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors', 'Animals', 'Arginine Vasopressin', 'Captopril', 'Female', 'Kidney', 'Norepinephrine', 'Oxygen Consumption', 'Sheep', 'Vasoconstrictor Agents']
| 26,354,843
|
[['D06.472.699.094.078', 'D12.644.400.070.078', 'D12.644.456.073.041', 'D12.644.548.058.078', 'D12.776.631.650.070.078', 'D23.469.050.050.050'], ['D27.505.519.389.745.085'], ['B01.050'], ['D06.472.699.631.692.781.100', 'D12.644.400.900.100', 'D12.644.456.925.100', 'D12.644.548.691.692.781.100', 'D12.776.631.650.937.100'], ['D12.125.072.401.623.270'], ['A05.810.453'], ['D02.033.100.291.502', 'D02.092.063.480', 'D02.092.211.215.746', 'D02.092.311.830', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.175.830'], ['G03.680'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.791'], ['D27.505.954.411.793']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Immunohistochemical studies of stellate cells in experimental cholestasis in newborn and adult rats.
|
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Although there is much known about liver diseases, some aspects remain unclear, such as the nature of the differences between the diseases observed in newborn infants and those in adults. For example, how do newborns respond to duct epithelial cell injury? Do the stellate cells in newborns respond similarly to those in adults during biliary obstruction?METHODS: Ninety newborn Wistar rats aged six days, weighing 8.0 - 13.9 g each, and 90 adult rats weighing 199.7 - 357.0 g each, were submitted to bile duct ligation. After surgery, they were randomly divided and sacrificed on the 3rd, 5th, 7th, 14th, 21st or 28th day post-bile duct ligation. Hepatic biopsies were obtained and immunohistochemical semi-quantification of desmin and alpha-SMA expression was performed in hepatic stellate cells and in myofibroblasts in the portal space, and between the portal space and the liver lobule.RESULTS: Desmin expression in the myofibroblast cells post-bile duct ligation was higher in young rats, reaching its peak level in a shorter time when compared to the adult animals. The differences between the groups for alpha-SMA expression were less significant than for desmin.CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that there is an increase in the number of collagen-producing myofibroblast cells in young animals, suggesting that there is more intense fibrosis in this population. This finding may explain why young animals with bile duct obstruction experience more intense portal fibrosis that is similar to the pathology observed in the livers of newborns with biliary atresia.
|
['Actins', 'Age Factors', 'Animals', 'Animals, Newborn', 'Biliary Atresia', 'Biomarkers', 'Cholestasis', 'Desmin', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Extracellular Matrix Proteins', 'Female', 'Fibroblasts', 'Hepatic Stellate Cells', 'Ligation', 'Male', 'Portal System', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar']
| 18,925,331
|
[['D05.750.078.730.250', 'D12.776.210.500.100', 'D12.776.220.525.255'], ['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['B01.050'], ['B01.050.050.282'], ['C06.130.120.123', 'C06.198.125', 'C16.131.314.125'], ['D23.101'], ['C06.130.120.135'], ['D05.750.078.593.200', 'D12.776.220.475.200'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['D12.776.860.300'], ['A11.329.228'], ['A11.561'], ['E04.426'], ['A07.015.908.670'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Comparison of the specificity and sensitivity of PCR, nested PCR, and real-time PCR for the diagnosis of histomoniasis.
|
Blackhead, also known as enterohepatitis, is caused by a protozoan parasite called Histomonas meleagridis. Clinical symptoms are nonspecific. Until now, diagnosis has been mainly based on postmortem lesions and microscopical and histopathological examination. In many cases, especially in layer flocks, these conventional methods are not sufficient, as the lesions are sometimes not clear. The technique for isolation of histomonads in vitro offers many advantages, but the confirmation of histomonads growing in culture may require a time-consuming procedure of rectal inoculation of culture material into chickens or turkeys. The aim of our investigation was to establish a conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR), a nested PCR, and a real-time PCR, and to examine their specificity as well as sensitivity in the diagnosis of histomoniasis. The obtained results have shown that the conventional PCR is more sensitive than the real-time PCR. Furthermore, the sensitivity of the PCR can be increased by adding the nested PCR. However, the real-time PCR is more specific.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Animals', 'Eukaryota', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Poultry Diseases', 'Protozoan Infections', 'Protozoan Infections, Animal', 'Protozoan Proteins', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Sequence Homology, Amino Acid']
| 16,252,489
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['B01.050'], ['B01'], ['E05.393.620.500'], ['C22.131.728'], ['C01.610.752'], ['C01.610.701.688', 'C01.610.752.625', 'C22.674.710'], ['D12.776.820'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['G02.111.810.200', 'G05.810.200']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Approach of pharmacists and herbalists while offering guidance on potentially malignant oral lesions: a cross-sectional survey.
|
OBJECTIVES: To investigate the approach of both pharmacies and herbalists' shops while offering a proper advice for patients seeking guidance on a potentially malignant oral lesion.MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional, descriptive study was undertaken using the standardized patient approach on a representative sample of pharmacies and herbalists' shops in Bhopal city. The study sample was selected by stratified random sampling technique and was contacted by telephone. Our patient's introductory statement was, "I have a painful ulceration on the tongue since 3 months. What would you advise?" To avoid the hypothetical bias in telephone answers, another study was designed for two regions of the city, of which pharmacies were visited in one and herbal shops in the other one.RESULTS: A total of 497 establishments were contacted. Out of these, 368 were pharmacies (74.1%) and 129 were herbalists' shops (25.9%). Patients with potentially malignant lesions were more frequently referred to a dentist (16.03%) or a physician (23.36%) by the pharmacies compared to the herbalists' shops. In contrast, most of the herbalists' shops prescribed over-the counter (OTC) remedies (66.66%) and showed no interest in referring the patient to a dentist or a physician.CONCLUSION: Apart from pharmacists, the new probable off-clinical counselors (herbalists and pharmacy assistants) have been identified as potential factors of patient diagnostic delay in oral cancer. Educational strategies to improve advice and referral for these identified groups should be designed.
|
['Consultants', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Health Care Surveys', 'Humans', 'India', 'Mouth Neoplasms', 'Pharmacists', 'Surveys and Questionnaires']
| 25,313,749
|
[['M01.120'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['E05.318.308.980.344', 'N03.349.380.210', 'N05.425.210', 'N05.715.360.300.800.344', 'N06.850.520.308.980.344'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.252.245.393'], ['C04.588.443.591', 'C07.465.530'], ['M01.526.485.780', 'N02.360.780'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Diagnosing autism spectrum disorders in pre-school children using two standardised assessment instruments: the ADI-R and the ADOS.
|
The reliable diagnosis of Autism/Autism Spectrum Disorder in pre-school children is important for access to early intervention and for accurate ascertainment for research. This paper explores the combined use of two standardised assessment instruments--the Autism Diagnostic Interview Revised (ADI-R) and the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS)--in a large sample of pre-school children. The children were recruited to research studies, and a 'best estimate' clinical diagnosis reached. The findings show good agreement between the instruments especially for children with core Autism. The instruments appear to have a complementary effect in aiding diagnosis and confirm the importance of a multidisciplinary assessment process with access to information from different sources and settings. The presence of repetitive behaviours during the ADOS appeared of diagnostic significance.
|
['Algorithms', 'Autistic Disorder', 'Child, Preschool', 'Communication', 'Diagnosis, Differential', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Language Development Disorders', 'Male', 'Patient Care Team', 'Personality Assessment', 'Psychometrics', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Social Behavior', 'Stereotyped Behavior']
| 17,605,097
|
[['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['F03.625.164.113.500'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['F01.145.209', 'L01.143'], ['E01.171'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C10.597.606.150.500.550', 'C23.888.592.604.150.500.550'], ['N04.590.715'], ['F04.513'], ['F04.711.780'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['F01.145.813'], ['F01.145.896']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
An analysis of patient safety incidents associated with medications reported from critical care units in the North West of England between 2009 and 2012.
|
Incident reporting is promoted as a key tool for improving patient safety in healthcare. We analysed 2238 patient safety incidents involving medications submitted from up to 29 critical care units each year in the North West of England between 2009 and 2012; 452 (20%) of these incidents led to harm to patients. Although 1461 (65%) incidents were judged to have been preventable, there was no reduction in the rate of incidents per 1000 days between 2009 and 2012 (5.9 in 2009, 6.6 in 2012). Furthermore, in the 2012 data, there were wide variations in the incident rates between units, the median (IQR [range]) rate per 1000 patient days for individual units being 6.8 (3.8-11.0 [1.3-37.1]). The variation in the percentage that could have been avoided was narrower, with a median (IQR [range]) of 70% (61-80% [38-100%]). The most commonly reported drugs were noradrenaline (161 incidents, 92 with harm), heparins (153 incidents, 29 with harm), morphine (131 incidents, 14 with harm) and insulin (111 incidents, 54 with harm). The administration of drugs was the stage in the process where incidents were most commonly reported; it was also the stage most likely to harm patients. We conclude that the wide range in reported rates between units, and the scope for preventing many incidents, suggest that quality improvement initiatives could improve medication safety in the units studied.
|
['Critical Care', 'England', 'Health Care Surveys', 'Humans', 'Intensive Care Units', 'Medication Errors', 'Patient Safety', 'Safety Management']
| 24,810,765
|
[['E02.760.190', 'N02.421.585.190'], ['Z01.542.363.300'], ['E05.318.308.980.344', 'N03.349.380.210', 'N05.425.210', 'N05.715.360.300.800.344', 'N06.850.520.308.980.344'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N02.278.388.493'], ['E02.319.529', 'N02.421.450.500'], ['N06.850.135.060.075.399'], ['N04.452.871.900', 'N06.850.135.060.075.800']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
The influence of diethylmaleate on the biliary excretion of infused sulphobromophthalein sodium and its glutathione conjugate in guinea-pigs.
|
1. Hepatic sulphobromophthalein (BSP) transport was studied in guinea-pigs pretreated intraperitoneally with 0.7 ml of diethyl maleate to depress hepatic glutathione levels. 2. Diethyl maleate depressed the hepatic transport of infused conjugated BSP from hepatocytes into bile without influencing hepatic uptake. 3. Unconjugated BSP transport was also depressed markedly as a result of (a) a reduction in the intrahepatic conjugation of BSP with glutathione and (b) suppression of conjugated BSP excretion.
|
['Animals', 'Bile', 'Female', 'Glutathione', 'Guinea Pigs', 'Liver', 'Maleates', 'Sulfobromophthalein']
| 7,249,400
|
[['B01.050'], ['A12.200.087'], ['D12.644.456.448'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.550'], ['A03.620'], ['D02.241.081.337.502'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.657.625.617']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
PKG II inhibits EGF/EGFR-induced migration of gastric cancer cells.
|
BACKGROUND: Our previous research results showed that Type II cGMP dependent protein kinase (PKG II) could block the activation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and consequently inhibit the proliferation and the related MAPK/ERK-mediated signal transduction of gastric cancer cell line BGC-823, suggesting that PKG II might inhibit other EGFR-triggered signal transduction pathways and related biological activities of gastric cancer cells. This paper was designed to investigate the potential inhibition of PKG II on EGF/EGFR-induced migration activity and the related signal transduction pathways.METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: In gastric cancer cell line AGS, expression and activity of PKG II were increased by infecting the cells with adenoviral construct encoding PKG II cDNA (Ad-PKG II) and treating the cells with cGMP analogue 8-pCPT-cGMP. Phosphorylation of proteins was detected by Western Blotting and active small G protein Ras and Rac1 was measured by "Pull-down" method. Cell migration activity was detected with trans-well equipment. Binding between PKG II and EGFR was detected with Co-IP. The results showed EGF stimulated migration of AGS cell and the effect was related to PLCã1 and ERK-mediated signal transduction pathways. PKG II inhibited EGF-induced migration activity and blocked EGF-initiated signal transduction of PLCã1 and MAPK/ERK-mediated pathways through preventing EGF-induced Tyr 992 and Tyr 1068 phosphorylation of EGFR. PKG II bound with EGFR and caused threonine phosphorylation of it.CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE: Our results systemically confirms the inhibition of PKG II on EGF-induced migration and related signal transduction of PLCã1 and MAPK/ERK-mediated pathways, indicating that PKG II has a fargoing inhibition on EGF/EGFR related signal transduction and biological activities of gastric cancer cells through phosphorylating EGFR and blocking the activation of it.
|
['Cell Line', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Cell Movement', 'Cyclic GMP', 'Cyclic GMP-Dependent Protein Kinase Type II', 'Epidermal Growth Factor', 'ErbB Receptors', 'Humans', 'Phosphorylation', 'Signal Transduction', 'Stomach Neoplasms', 'Thionucleotides']
| 23,613,900
|
[['A11.251.210'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['G04.198', 'G07.568.500.180'], ['D03.633.100.759.646.454.160', 'D13.695.462.275', 'D13.695.667.454.160', 'D13.695.827.426.160'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.150.150.750', 'D12.644.360.200.150.750', 'D12.776.476.200.150.750'], ['D06.472.317.350', 'D12.644.276.382.500', 'D12.776.467.382.500', 'D23.529.382.500'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.400.009', 'D12.776.543.750.630.009', 'D12.776.543.750.750.400.074'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G02.111.665', 'G02.607.780', 'G03.796'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['C04.588.274.476.767', 'C06.301.371.767', 'C06.405.249.767', 'C06.405.748.789'], ['D02.886.765', 'D13.695.900']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Frequency selectivity of the normal guinea pig cochlea and in experimental hearing loss].
|
The frequency selectivity of the cochlea was measured in pigmented guinea pigs with implanted electrodes using simultaneous masking paradigm. In animals with experimentally induced deafness, AP tuning curves are broadened by a factor of 2-3 as compared with normal animals. The deterioration of frequency selectivity is thought to correlate with extent of the outer hair cells loss. The deterioration of threshold and tuning properties of the cochlea seem to be induced by the loss of the functional integrity of the outer hair cells.
|
['Acoustic Stimulation', 'Action Potentials', 'Animals', 'Auditory Threshold', 'Cochlea', 'Evoked Potentials, Auditory', 'Guinea Pigs', 'Hair Cells, Auditory', 'Hearing Loss, Sensorineural', 'Kanamycin', 'Vestibulocochlear Nerve']
| 3,996,676
|
[['E02.037', 'E02.190.888.030', 'E05.723.136'], ['G04.580.100', 'G07.265.675.100', 'G11.561.570.100'], ['B01.050'], ['F02.463.593.071.173', 'F02.463.593.710.190', 'G07.888.125.173'], ['A09.246.300.246'], ['G07.265.216.500.370', 'G07.888.250', 'G11.561.200.500.370'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.550'], ['A08.675.650.250', 'A08.675.650.915.750.600.350', 'A08.800.950.750.600.350', 'A09.246.300.246.577.325', 'A11.671.650.250', 'A11.671.650.915.750.600.350'], ['C09.218.458.341.887', 'C10.597.751.418.341.887', 'C23.888.592.763.393.341.887'], ['D09.408.051.476'], ['A08.800.800.120.910']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The N2N instrument to evaluate healthy work environments: an Italian validation.
|
OBJECTIVES: The aims of the study were to (a) validate N2N Healthy Work Environment tool, (b) assess the healthiness of work environments as perceived by nurses themselves and (c) identify the factors associated with Italian nurses' perception of work environment healthiness.METHODS: The linguistic and cultural adaptation of USA-N2N Healthy Work Environments was achieved through a process of forward/backward translation. Content validity was assessed by three expert nurses. The stability of the instrument was checked with a test/retest evaluation. The instrument psychometric properties, the confirmatory factor analysis as well the healthiness of the work environment and its determinant factors were evaluated with a sample of 294 nurses.RESULTS: The content and face validity of the N2N Healthy Work Environment instrument was confirmed. The instrument demonstrated good internal consistency (á of 0.82), excellent stability values (ñ > 0.70) and high levels of acceptability (response rate: 96.4 %). The confirmatory factor analysis has corroborated the existence of two factors as documented in the original instrument (Mays et al. in J Nurs Manag 19:18-26, 2011). Eighty-seven (29.6 %) nurses perceived the work environment where they work as "healthy". Working under a functional model of care delivery (÷(2) 24.856, p 0.000) and being responsible for one project or more (÷(2) 5.256, p 0.021) were associated with healthy environments.CONCLUSIONS: The instrument--valid and reliable, short in the number of items, easy to understand and based on international standards--allows a systematic assessment of the healthiness of the environment and might provide not only the opportunity to evaluate the effects of new organizational models and interventions, but also the possibility to activate a process of self-analysis and a process of ongoing review. The instrument can be used to systematically check the healthiness of Italian working environments, allowing for organizational diagnosis, targeted interventions and international comparisons.
|
['Adult', 'Factor Analysis, Statistical', 'Female', 'Hospitals', 'Humans', 'Italy', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Nurses', 'Occupational Health', 'Perception', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Translating', 'Workplace', 'Young Adult']
| 23,423,280
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E05.318.740.400', 'N05.715.360.750.350', 'N06.850.520.830.400'], ['N02.278.421'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.542.489'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['M01.526.485.650', 'N02.360.650'], ['N01.400.525'], ['F02.463.593'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['L01.559.423.796'], ['N01.824.245.925', 'N04.452.677.975'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Results of intensive chemotherapy in 998 patients age 65 years or older with acute myeloid leukemia or high-risk myelodysplastic syndrome: predictive prognostic models for outcome.
|
BACKGROUND: Elderly patients (age > or = 65 years) with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) generally have a poor prognosis. AML-type therapy results are often derived from studies in younger patients and may not apply to elderly AML. Many investigators and oncologists advocate, at times, only supportive care or frontline single agents, Phase I-II studies, low-intensity regimens, or 'targeted' therapies. However, baseline expectations for outcomes of elderly AML with 'standard' AML-type therapy are not well defined. The aim was to develop prognostic models for complete response (CR), induction (8-week) mortality, and survival rates in elderly AML, which would be used to advise oncologists and patients of expectations with standard AML type therapy, and to establish baseline therapy results against which novel strategies would be evaluated.METHODS: A total of 998 patients age > or = 65 years with AML or high-risk myelodysplastic syndrome (> 10% blasts) treated with intensive chemotherapy between 1980 and 2004 were analyzed. Univariate and multivariate analyses of prognostic factors associated with CR, induction (8-week) mortality, and survival used standard methods.RESULTS: The overall CR rate was 45% and induction mortality 29%. Multivariate analysis of prognostic factors identified consistent independent poor prognostic factors for CR, 8-week mortality, and survival. These included age > or = 75 years, unfavorable karyotypes (often complex), poor performance (3-4 ECOG [Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group]), longer duration of antecedent hematologic disorder, treatment outside the laminar airflow room, and abnormal organ functions. Patients could be divided into: 1) a favorable group (about 20% of patients) with expected CR rates above 60%, induction mortality rates of 10%, and 1-year survival rates above 50%; 2) an intermediate group (about 50-55% of patients) with expected CR rates of 50%, induction mortality rates of 30%, and 1-year survival rates of 30%; and 3) an unfavorable risk group (about 25-30% of patients) with expected CR rates of less than 20%, induction mortality rates above 50%, and 1-year survival rates of less than 10%.CONCLUSIONS: Prognostic models, based on standard readily available baseline characteristics, were developed for elderly patients with AML, which may assist in therapeutic and investigational decisions. These predictive models, based on a retrospective analysis, will require validation in independent study groups.
|
['Age Factors', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Leukemia, Myeloid', 'Male', 'Models, Theoretical', 'Myelodysplastic Syndromes', 'Prognosis', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Risk Factors']
| 16,435,386
|
[['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['E02.183.750.500', 'E02.319.077.500', 'E02.319.310.037'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.557.337.539'], ['E05.599'], ['C15.378.190.625'], ['E01.789'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
[Lead and cadmium toxicity in established mammalian cell lines].
|
Lead and cadmium toxicity was evaluated in three mammalian cell lines (tumour : HeLa, transformed : XC and normal : NRK) by means of the modifications of the 3H-TdR incorporation rate in the nucleus of the treated cells. The three cell lines showed different degrees of sensitivity. Sensitivity depended on the line, metal, its concentration and duration of incubation. Cadmium was found to be at least five times more toxic than lead except at low concentration. The normal cell line was more sensitive to cadmium and less sensitive to lead than other lines.
|
['Cadmium', 'Cell Line', 'DNA', 'DNA Replication', 'HeLa Cells', 'Kinetics', 'Lead', 'Thymidine']
| 153,166
|
[['D01.268.556.137', 'D01.268.956.061', 'D01.552.544.137'], ['A11.251.210'], ['D13.444.308'], ['G02.111.225', 'G05.226'], ['A11.251.210.190.400', 'A11.251.860.180.400', 'A11.436.340'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['D01.268.556.435', 'D01.552.544.435'], ['D03.383.742.680.705', 'D13.570.230.855', 'D13.570.685.705']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Some dynamic aspects of hematopoietic stem cells.
|
Hematopoiesis is the process responsible for maintaining the number of circulating blood cells that are undergoing continuous turnover. At the root of this process are the hematopoietic stem cells (HSC). In the following we discuss various dynamic aspects of HSC behavior ranging from the number of active stem cells, their expansion during ontogeny and the importance of stochastic effects on their behavior. We show how mathematical modeling of HSC behavior can provide important insights on these cells and clarify the implications of these dynamical aspects on healthy and sick individuals, as such providing rational explanations for relevant clinical observations on disorders that originate in this group of cells.
|
['Animals', 'Cell Differentiation', 'Cell Lineage', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Hematologic Neoplasms', 'Hematopoiesis', 'Hematopoietic Stem Cells', 'Humans', 'Models, Biological']
| 18,176,847
|
[['B01.050'], ['G04.152'], ['G04.172', 'G07.345.500.325.180.500', 'G08.686.155', 'G08.686.784.170.104.249'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['C04.588.448', 'C15.378.400'], ['G04.152.825', 'G09.188.343'], ['A11.148.378', 'A11.872.378', 'A15.378.316.378'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.599.395']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Systemwide effects of Medicaid retrospective drug utilization review programs.
|
Aggregate pooled cross-sectional and time-series annual state data for 1985 to 1992 were used to estimate the systemwide effects of retrospective drug utilization review programs (Retro-DUR) on Medicaid drug and nondrug outcomes. The results provide evidence that these programs produce significant cost savings in the drug budget without spillover effects (positive or negative) in other nondrug budgets within the Medicaid system. We also examine the influence of restricted formularies in this post-Retro-DUR era on drug and nondrug budgets in the Medicaid system; we find significant cost savings in the former but positive spillover effects in the latter.
|
['California', 'Cost Savings', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Drug Utilization Review', 'Health Expenditures', 'Health Services Needs and Demand', 'Humans', 'Medicaid', 'Models, Econometric', 'Outcome Assessment, Health Care', 'Program Evaluation', 'Retrospective Studies', 'State Health Plans', 'United States']
| 10,979,516
|
[['Z01.107.567.875.580.200', 'Z01.107.567.875.760.200'], ['N03.219.151.160.200'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['N04.452.706.477.400', 'N04.761.879.300', 'N05.700.900.300'], ['N03.219.151.450', 'N05.300.385'], ['N03.349.380.420', 'N05.300.450'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N03.219.521.346.506.564.655', 'N03.706.615.693'], ['E05.318.740.500.600.500', 'E05.599.835.890.500', 'N05.715.360.750.530.500.500', 'N06.850.520.830.500.600.500'], ['H01.770.644.145.431', 'N04.761.559.590', 'N05.715.360.575.575'], ['E05.337.820', 'N04.761.685', 'N05.715.360.650'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['N03.349.650.480'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]
|
['Geographicals [Z]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Age-related increase in a cathepsin D like protease that degrades brain microtubule-associated proteins.
|
In microtubules isolated from brains of very old rats, two of the major microtubule-associated proteins, MAP1 and MAP2, are found only in degraded form. MAP1 is present as a piece whose molecular weight on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis is circa 50,000 smaller than the native protein, and MAP2 is extensively fragmented. The native forms of both proteins are present in tissue homogenates but are rapidly degraded during microtubule isolation. The proteolytic activity responsible for this degradation is cathepsin D like, being more active at acid pH than neutral and being completely blocked by pepstatin at 10(-7) M. Fractionation of aged brain supernatant by gel permeation chromatography showed that the MAP1 and MAP2 degrading activity elutes with a single peak of cathepsin D like activity. MAP1 and MAP2 are known to promote microtubule assembly, and their degradation by a protease whose levels increase with age could be related to defective microtubule assembly which is known to occur in age-related degenerative conditions such as Alzheimer's disease.
|
['Aging', 'Animals', 'Brain', 'Cathepsin D', 'Microtubule-Associated Proteins', 'Microtubules', 'Peptide Hydrolases', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Strains', 'Substrate Specificity']
| 3,327,517
|
[['G07.345.124'], ['B01.050'], ['A08.186.211'], ['D08.811.277.656.074.500.180', 'D08.811.277.656.224.187', 'D08.811.277.656.300.048.180'], ['D12.776.220.600.450', 'D12.776.631.560'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.750.602'], ['D08.811.277.656'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400'], ['G02.111.835']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Observations on the influence of water and soil pH on the persistence of insecticides.
|
The pH-disappearance rate profiles were determined at ca. 25 degrees C for 24 insecticides at 4 or 5 pH values over the range 4.5 to 8.0 in sterile phosphate buffers prepared in water-ethanol (99:1 v/v). Half-lives measured at pH 8 were generally smaller than at lower pH values. Changes in half lives between pH 8.0 and 4.5 were largest (greater than 1000x) for the aryl carbamates, carbofuran and carbaryl, the oxime carbamate, oxamyl, and the organophosphorus insecticide, trichlorfon. In contrast, half lives of phorate, terbufos, heptachlor, fensulfothion and aldicarb were affected only slightly by pH changes. Under the experimental conditions described half lives at pH8 varied from 1-2 days for trichlorfon and oxamyl to greater than 1 year for fensulfothion and cypermethrin. Insecticide persistence on alumina (acid, neutral and basic), mineral soils amended with aluminum sulfate or calcium hydroxide to different pH values and four natural soils of different pH was examined. No correlation was observed between the measured pH of these solids and the rate of disappearance of selected insecticides applied to them. These observations demonstrate the difficulty of extrapolating the pH dependent disappearance behaviour observed in homogeneous solution to partially solid heterogeneous systems such as soil.
|
['Half-Life', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Hydrolysis', 'Insecticides', 'Pesticide Residues', 'Soil', 'Water']
| 7,175,098
|
[['G01.910.405'], ['G02.300'], ['G02.380'], ['D27.720.031.700.491', 'D27.888.723.491'], ['D27.720.031.700.672', 'D27.888.723.697', 'N06.850.460.200.700'], ['D20.721', 'G01.311.820', 'G16.500.275.815', 'N06.230.600'], ['D01.045.250.875', 'D01.248.497.158.459.650', 'D01.650.550.925']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
[The role of the micrographic surgery in the management of basal cell carcinoma: experience in the Department of Dermatology, at the Hassan II University Hospital, Fes, Morocco].
|
Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) is a technique allowing for intraoperative histologic assessment of surgical margin of malignant tumors. This study aims to highlight the role of MMS in the achievement of radical healing of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) in our patients. We conducted a study of 29 patients with basal cell carcinoma of the face over a period of 5 years. The median age of patients was 45.8 years (12-80). The sex-ratio M/F was 1.23. One-stage surgical procedure was sufficient to obtain complete resection in 51% of cases. Three-stage surgical procedure was needed in 14% of the cases. The mean duration of one-stage surgical procedure was 1 hour. No complications were reported in the postoperative period and sequelae were simple. The aesthetic and functional result was satisfactory. No recurrence was noted. BCC accounts for approximately 80% of all skin cancers. The decision to use MMS to treat BCC is based on three variables: the seat and the size of the tumor, its histological appearance with the identification of resection margin and its recurrent nature. MMS is currently the most effective method in the treatment of BCC and allows maximum healthy tissue preservation. It is a safe and repeatable surgical procedure based on team work and adapted to the treatment of patients with BCC who are at high risk of recidivism. The aesthetic and functional results are satisfactory. Recurrence rate at 5 years is 10 times lower than with the other methods.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Carcinoma, Basal Cell', 'Child', 'Facial Neoplasms', 'Female', 'Hospitals, University', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Margins of Excision', 'Middle Aged', 'Mohs Surgery', 'Morocco', 'Prospective Studies', 'Skin Neoplasms', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Young Adult']
| 31,692,779
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['C04.557.470.200.165', 'C04.557.470.565.165'], ['M01.060.406'], ['C04.588.443.392'], ['N02.278.020.300.310', 'N02.278.421.639.725'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A10.830', 'C23.149.625'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E04.494.575', 'E04.680.275.580'], ['Z01.058.266.629'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['C04.588.805', 'C17.800.882'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Relationships between strategy switching and strategy switch costs in young and older adults: a study in arithmetic problem solving.
|
UNLABELLED: BACKGROUND/STUDY CONTEXT: This study investigated age-related differences in within-item strategy switching (i.e., revising initial strategy choices to select a better strategy while solving a given problem) and in strategy switch costs (i.e., longer latencies when participants switch strategies than when they do not switch strategy during strategy execution).METHODS: In a computational estimation task, participants had to give approximate products to two-digit multiplication problems (e.g., 41?67) while rounding up (i.e., do 50?70 for 41?67) or rounding down (i.e., do 40?60 for 41?67) operands to their nearest decades. After executing a cued strategy during 1000 ms, participants had the possibility to switch to another strategy (or repeat the same strategy) in a selection condition. In an execution condition, participants were forced to repeat the same strategy or to switch to another strategy.RESULTS: It was found that (1) older adults were less able than young adults to switch strategy after starting to execute a cued strategy (36.1% vs. 45.8%); (2) older adults showed larger switch costs than young adults (422 vs. 223 ms); and (3) strategy switches and strategy switch costs correlated in older adults but not in young adults.CONCLUSION: These findings have important implications for our understanding of the mechanisms underlying within-item strategy switching and aging effects on these mechanisms as well as, more generally, of strategic variations during cognitive aging.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Aging', 'Executive Function', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Mathematics', 'Middle Aged', 'Problem Solving', 'Young Adult']
| 25,724,013
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['G07.345.124'], ['F02.463.217'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['H01.548'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['F02.463.425.725', 'F02.463.785.810'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
How Accurately Do Consecutive Cohort Audits Predict Phase III Multisite Clinical Trial Recruitment in Palliative Care?
|
CONTEXT: Audits have been proposed for estimating possible recruitment rates to randomized controlled trials (RCTs), but few studies have compared audit data with subsequent recruitment rates.OBJECTIVES: To compare the accuracy of estimates of potential recruitment from a retrospective consecutive cohort audit of actual participating sites and recruitment to four Phase III multisite clinical RCTs.METHODS: The proportion of potentially eligible study participants estimated from an inpatient chart review of people with life-limiting illnesses referred to six Australian specialist palliative care services was compared with recruitment data extracted from study prescreening information from three sites that participated fully in four Palliative Care Clinical Studies Collaborative RCTs. The predominant reasons for ineligibility in the audit and RCTs were analyzed.RESULTS: The audit overestimated the proportion of people referred to the palliative care services who could participate in the RCTs (pain 17.7% vs. 1.2%, delirium 5.8% vs. 0.6%, anorexia 5.1% vs. 0.8%, and bowel obstruction 2.8% vs. 0.5%). Approximately 2% of the referral base was potentially eligible for these effectiveness studies. Ineligibility for general criteria (language, cognition, and geographic proximity) varied between studies, whereas the reasons for exclusion were similar between the audit and pain and anorexia studies but not for delirium or bowel obstruction.CONCLUSION: The retrospective consecutive case note audit in participating sites did not predict realistic recruitment rates, mostly underestimating the impact of study-specific inclusion criteria. These findings have implications for the applicability of the results of RCTs. Prospective pilot studies are more likely to predict actual recruitment.
|
['Anorexia', 'Australia', 'Clinical Audit', 'Delirium', 'Humans', 'Intestinal Diseases', 'Pain', 'Pain Management', 'Palliative Care', 'Patient Selection']
| 26,732,730
|
[['C23.888.821.108'], ['Z01.639.100', 'Z01.678.100.373'], ['N04.761.700.250', 'N05.700.175'], ['C10.597.606.337.500', 'C23.888.592.604.339.500', 'F01.700.250.500', 'F03.615.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C06.405.469'], ['C23.888.592.612', 'F02.830.816.444', 'G11.561.790.444'], ['E02.745', 'N04.590.607.500'], ['E02.760.666', 'N02.421.585.666'], ['E05.581.500.653', 'N04.590.731']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
EBNA2 interferes with the germinal center phenotype by downregulating BCL6 and TCL1 in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma cells.
|
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-negative diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and Burkitt lymphoma-derived cell lines infected in vitro with a recombinant EBV expressed type II/III latency. High expression of EBNA2 inversely correlated with expression of germinal center (GC)-associated genes, BCL6 and TCL1. The decreased expression of BCL6 appeared to be dose dependent, with almost complete abrogation in highly EBNA2-expressing clones. The role of EBNA2 in negative regulation of these genes was confirmed by transfection and in a hormone-inducible EBNA2 cell system. LMP1 transfection reduced expression of TCL1, but not of BCL6, in DLBCLs. The GC-associated gene repression was at the transcriptional level and CBF1 independent. A decrease in HLA-DR, surface immunoglobulin M, and class II transactivator expression and an increase in CCL3, a BCL6 repression target, was observed in EBNA2-expressing clones. Since BCL6 is indispensable for GC formation and somatic hypermutations (SHM), we suggest that the previously reported lack of SHM seen in EBNA2-expressing GC cells from infectious mononucleosis tonsils could be due to negative regulation of BCL6 by EBNA2. These findings suggest that EBNA2 interferes with the GC phenotype.
|
['Base Sequence', 'Burkitt Lymphoma', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'DNA, Neoplasm', 'DNA-Binding Proteins', 'Down-Regulation', 'Epstein-Barr Virus Nuclear Antigens', 'Gene Expression', 'Genes, Viral', 'Germinal Center', 'HLA-DR Antigens', 'Herpesvirus 4, Human', 'Humans', 'Immunoglobulin M', 'Lymphoma, B-Cell', 'Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse', 'Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin', 'Models, Biological', 'Phenotype', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-6', 'Transfection', 'Viral Matrix Proteins']
| 17,151,114
|
[['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['C01.925.256.466.313.165', 'C01.925.928.313.165', 'C04.557.386.480.150.165', 'C15.604.515.569.480.150.165', 'C20.683.515.761.480.150.165'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['D13.444.308.425'], ['D12.776.260'], ['G02.111.240', 'G05.308.200', 'G07.690.773.937'], ['D23.050.290.249', 'D23.050.327.300'], ['G05.297'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.364.875', 'G05.360.340.358.024.875', 'G05.360.340.358.840.500'], ['A10.549.400.500', 'A15.382.520.604.412.500'], ['D12.776.395.550.509.400.440', 'D12.776.543.550.440.400.440', 'D23.050.301.500.400.400.440', 'D23.050.301.500.450.400.440', 'D23.050.705.552.410.400.440', 'D23.050.705.552.450.400.440'], ['B04.280.210.400.500.450', 'B04.280.382.400.500.400', 'B04.613.204.500.500.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.619.574', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.619.574', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.619.574'], ['C04.557.386.480.150', 'C15.604.515.569.480.150', 'C20.683.515.761.480.150'], ['C04.557.386.480.150.585', 'C15.604.515.569.480.150.585', 'C20.683.515.761.480.150.585'], ['C04.557.386.480', 'C15.604.515.569.480', 'C20.683.515.761.480'], ['E05.599.395'], ['G05.695'], ['D12.776.624.664.700'], ['D12.776.260.660', 'D12.776.624.664.700.170', 'D12.776.930.715'], ['E05.393.350.810', 'G05.728.860'], ['D12.776.964.970.880.940']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Reaction of optically active alpha-aminoallenylstannanes with aldehydes formed in situ from the Lewis-acid-catalyzed rearrangement of epoxides.
|
Reaction of optically active alpha-oxazolidinonylallenylstannanes with oxiranes in the presence of BF3.OEt2 produced beta-hydroxypropargylamines with high syn diastereoselectivity and high enantioselectivity through an initial Lewis-acid-catalyzed rearrangement of the oxirane to the corresponding aldehyde via an alkyl, aryl, or hydride shift. This permits the use of readily available oxiranes as alternatives to aldehydes that are difficult to prepare and/or unstable.
|
['Acids', 'Aldehydes', 'Amination', 'Catalysis', 'Epoxy Compounds', 'Ethylene Oxide', 'Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy', 'Molecular Structure', 'Optical Rotation', 'Stereoisomerism', 'Tin Compounds']
| 16,050,728
|
[['D01.029'], ['D02.047'], ['G02.111.053', 'G02.607.110', 'G03.068'], ['G02.130'], ['D02.355.291.411'], ['D02.355.291.411.417'], ['E05.196.867.519'], ['G02.111.570', 'G02.466'], ['G01.590.773'], ['G02.607.445.682'], ['D01.935']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Identification of human trophoblast membrane antigens in maternal blood during pregnancy.
|
The development of an immunoradiometric assay for the detection of human trophoblast-specific membrane antigens is described. The test revealed for the first time circulating trophoblast-specific cell membrane antigens in the peripheral blood of pregnant women, but none in non-pregnant female or male controls. Comparison of the circulating levels of these trophoblast-specific proteins between normal and pre-eclamptic blood samples showed no significant differences, thus casting doubt on the role of differential trophoblast antigen deportation in the etiology of toxaemic pregnancy. Matched retroplacental cord blood from several normal and pre-eclamptic pregnancies were examined and found either negative or near the lower sensitivity limit of the assay, suggesting that deportation of trophoblast membrane antigens during gestation is limited to the maternal aspect of the placenta.
|
['Antigens, Surface', 'Epitopes', 'Female', 'Fetal Blood', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Maternal-Fetal Exchange', 'Pre-Eclampsia', 'Pregnancy', 'Radioimmunoassay', 'Trophoblasts']
| 6,177,463
|
[['D23.050.301'], ['D23.050.550'], ['A12.207.152.200', 'A15.145.300', 'A16.378.200'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G08.686.784.769.455'], ['C13.703.395.249'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['E01.370.384.700', 'E05.478.566.639', 'E05.601.470.639'], ['A11.382.992', 'A16.254.500.766', 'A16.710.802']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The survival of silage inoculant lactic acid bacteria in rumen fluid.
|
AIMS: To determine whether lactic acid bacteria (LAB) used in inoculants for silage can survive in rumen fluid (RF), and to identify those that survive best.METHODS AND RESULTS: Twelve commercial silage inoculants were added at 107 CFU ml-1 to strained RF (SRF) taken from dairy cows, with and without 5 g l-1 glucose and incubated in vitro at 39 degrees C. Changes in pH, LAB numbers and fermentation products were monitored for 72 h. In the inoculated RF with glucose, the pH decreased and numbers of LAB increased. The inoculants varied with regard to their effect on pH change and growth. In the SRF, both with and without glucose, the pH values of the inoculated samples were generally higher than those of the uninoculated controls throughout most of the incubation period. This may suggest a positive effect on the rumen environment.CONCLUSIONS: LAB used in silage inoculants can survive in RF in vitro.SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: This is the first step in studying the probiotic potential of silage LAB inoculants for dairy cattle. The survival of these LAB in RF may enable them to interact with rumen microorganisms and to affect rumen functionality.
|
['Animals', 'Bacteriological Techniques', 'Cattle', 'Fermentation', 'Lactobacillus', 'Probiotics', 'Rumen', 'Silage']
| 12,752,816
|
[['B01.050'], ['E01.370.225.875.150', 'E05.200.875.150'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['G02.111.158.249', 'G03.191.249'], ['B03.353.750.450.475', 'B03.510.460.400.410.475.475', 'B03.510.550.450.475'], ['G07.203.300.456.500', 'J02.500.456.500'], ['A13.869.804'], ['G07.203.200.750', 'G07.203.300.300.100.800', 'J02.350.750', 'J02.500.300.100.800']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Pigmented neuroectodermal tumour of infancy: an immunohistochemical study.
|
The pigmented neuroectodermal tumour of infancy is a rare neoplasm of uncertain histogenesis which, in the majority of cases, arises in the maxilla and pursues a benign course. Currently, it would be classified in the group of peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumours. Histologically it is composed of two principal cell types: neuroblast-like and melanocyte-like. Three typical cases are presented herein, which appear to be the first examined with a panel of antibodies. The neuroblast-like cells labelled positively for neurone-specific enolase but were negative for S-100, neurofilaments, glial fibrillary acidic protein, vimentin, cytokeratin, epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). The melanocyte-like cells stained positively for neurone-specific enolase, vimentin and cytokeratin but were negative for S-100, neurofilaments, glial fibrillary acidic protein, EMA and CEA. The significance of these findings is discussed in the light of previous suggestions about the differentiation that these tumours show.
|
['Cell Differentiation', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Infant', 'Keratins', 'Male', 'Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal', 'Phosphopyruvate Hydratase', 'S100 Proteins', 'Vimentin']
| 2,453,438
|
[['G04.152'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['M01.060.703'], ['D05.750.078.593.450', 'D12.776.220.475.450', 'D12.776.860.607'], ['C04.557.465'], ['D08.811.520.241.300.500'], ['D12.776.157.125.750', 'D12.776.631.655'], ['D05.750.078.593.900', 'D12.776.220.475.900']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Hyponatraemia secondary to cerebral salt wasting syndrome following routine pituitary surgery.
|
A female aged 53 years was found to have a suprasellar lesion, which was shown to be a Rathke's cyst after removal by transsphenoidal surgery. She presented 16 days postoperatively, and following two grand mal seizures was found to be profoundly hyponatraemic (sodium 101 nmol/l). She was initially thought to have the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone and was treated accordingly, but central venous pressure measurement revealed the hypovolaemia of cerebral salt wasting syndrome. The patient subsequently developed severe neurological sequelae after the correction of her hyponatraemia, following the development of extrapontine myelinolysis. Cerebral salt wasting syndrome is a rare cause of hyponatraemia following pituitary transsphenoidal surgery, which may mimic the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion. This case emphasizes the poor prognosis that may result from the rapid correction of profound hyponatraemia.
|
['Brain', 'Brain Diseases, Metabolic', 'Craniopharyngioma', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hyponatremia', 'Middle Aged', 'Pituitary Gland', 'Pituitary Neoplasms', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Sodium Chloride', 'Syndrome']
| 8,810,741
|
[['A08.186.211'], ['C10.228.140.163', 'C18.452.132'], ['C04.557.465.625.200', 'C04.557.580.625.200'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C18.452.950.620'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['A06.300.747', 'A06.688.357.750', 'A08.186.211.180.497.352.435.500', 'A08.186.211.200.317.357.352.435.500', 'A08.713.357.750'], ['C04.588.322.609', 'C04.588.614.250.195.885.500.600', 'C10.228.140.211.885.500.600', 'C10.228.140.617.477.600', 'C10.228.140.617.738.675', 'C10.551.240.250.700.500.500', 'C19.344.609', 'C19.700.734'], ['C23.550.767'], ['D01.210.450.150.875', 'D01.857.650'], ['C23.550.288.500']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Surgical resection of giant left ventricular fibromas in children.
|
Primary cardiac tumors in infancy and childhood are rare and usually benign. We report two children with giant left ventricular fibromas and discuss their surgical management.
|
['Cardiac Surgical Procedures', 'Child', 'Female', 'Fibroma', 'Heart Neoplasms', 'Heart Ventricles', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 28,929,583
|
[['E04.100.376', 'E04.928.220'], ['M01.060.406'], ['C04.557.450.565.590.340'], ['C04.588.894.309', 'C14.280.459'], ['A07.541.560'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Locally-delivered T-cell-derived cellular vehicles efficiently track and deliver adenovirus delta24-RGD to infiltrating glioma.
|
Oncolytic adenoviral vectors are a promising alternative for the treatment of glioblastoma. Recent publications have demonstrated the advantages of shielding viral particles within cellular vehicles (CVs), which can be targeted towards the tumor microenvironment. Here, we studied T-cells, often having a natural capacity to target tumors, for their feasibility as a CV to deliver the oncolytic adenovirus, Delta24-RGD, to glioblastoma. The Jurkat T-cell line was assessed in co-culture with the glioblastoma stem cell (GSC) line, MGG8, for the optimal transfer conditions of Delta24-RGD in vitro. The effect of intraparenchymal and tail vein injections on intratumoral virus distribution and overall survival was addressed in an orthotopic glioma stem cell (GSC)-based xenograft model. Jurkat T-cells were demonstrated to facilitate the amplification and transfer of Delta24-RGD onto GSCs. Delta24-RGD dosing and incubation time were found to influence the migratory ability of T-cells towards GSCs. Injection of Delta24-RGD-loaded T-cells into the brains of GSC-bearing mice led to migration towards the tumor and dispersion of the virus within the tumor core and infiltrative zones. This occurred after injection into the ipsilateral hemisphere, as well as into the non-tumor-bearing hemisphere. We found that T-cell-mediated delivery of Delta24-RGD led to the inhibition of tumor growth compared to non-treated controls, resulting in prolonged survival (p = 0.007). Systemic administration of virus-loaded T-cells resulted in intratumoral viral delivery, albeit at low levels. Based on these findings, we conclude that T-cell-based CVs are a feasible approach to local Delta24-RGD delivery in glioblastoma, although efficient systemic targeting requires further improvement.
|
['Adenoviridae', 'Animals', 'Biological Therapy', 'Cell Line', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Drug Delivery Systems', 'Female', 'Glioma', 'Humans', 'Mice', 'Oncolytic Viruses', 'Survival Analysis', 'T-Lymphocytes', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 25,118,638
|
[['B04.280.030'], ['B01.050'], ['E02.095'], ['A11.251.210'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['E02.319.300'], ['C04.557.465.625.600.380', 'C04.557.470.670.380', 'C04.557.580.625.600.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B04.700'], ['E05.318.740.998', 'N05.715.360.750.795', 'N06.850.520.830.998'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.569', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Autistic behavior in young boys with fragile X syndrome.
|
A sample of 57 boys with fragile X syndrome (fraX) between the ages of 24 and 133 months was rated using the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) to assess the extent to which autism and autistic features were evident in a young population. Fourteen subjects (approximately 25% of the sample) scored above the cutoff for autism, suggesting a relatively high incidence of autistic behavior. All but 2 of these 14 were in the mildly or moderately autistic range, however, and only a few items received severe ratings, suggesting that severe autism is relatively rare in fraX, at least during the early years. The CARS resulted in a continuum of autistic ratings in the fraX population, but no particular items on the CARS contributed disproportionately to autism ratings. A visual comparison of ratings on an autistic, non-fraX sample revealed similar profiles of ratings, suggesting that differentiating fraX and autism on the basis of CARS ratings is not likely. Within the fraX group, chronological age and socioeconomic status did not correlate with CARS ratings, but severity of delay was strongly related, such that more severely delayed children scored higher (more autistic) on the CARS.
|
['Autistic Disorder', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Fragile X Syndrome', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Male', 'Neuropsychological Tests', 'Psychometrics', 'Reproducibility of Results']
| 9,932,236
|
[['F03.625.164.113.500'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['C10.597.606.360.455.500', 'C16.131.260.830.300', 'C16.320.180.830.300', 'C16.320.322.500.500', 'C16.320.400.525.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['F04.711.513'], ['F04.711.780'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Disability in two health care systems: access, quality, satisfaction, and physician contacts among working-age Canadians and Americans with disabilities.
|
BACKGROUND: An overarching question in health policy concerns whether the current mix of public and private health coverage in the United States can be, in one way or another, expanded to include all persons as it does in Canada. As typically high-end consumers of health care services, people with disabilities are key stakeholders to consider in this debate. The risk is that ways to cover more persons may be found only by sacrificing the quantity or quality of care on which people with disabilities so frequently depend. Yet, despite the many comparisons made of Canadian and U.S. health care, few focus directly on the needs of people with disabilities or the uninsured among them in the United States. This research is intended to address these gaps. Given this background, we compare the health care experiences of working-age uninsured and insured Americans with Canadian individuals (all of whom, insured) with a special focus on disability. Two questions for research guide our inquiry: (1) On the basis of disability severity level and health insurance status, are there differences in self-reported measures of access, utilization, satisfaction with, or quality of health care services within or between the United States and Canada? (2) After controlling covariates, when examining each level of disability severity, are there any significant differences in these measures of access, utilization, satisfaction, or quality between U.S. insured and Canadian persons?METHODS: Cross-sectional data from the Joint Canada/United States Survey of Health (JCUSH) are analyzed with particular attention to disability severity level (none, nonsevere, or severe) among three analytic groups of working age residents (insured Americans, uninsured Americans, and Canadians). Differences in three measures of access, one measure of satisfaction with care, one quality of care measure, and two varieties of physician contacts are compared. Multivariate methods are then used to compare the healthcare experiences of insured U.S. and Canadian persons on the basis of disability level while controlling covariates.RESULTS: In covariate-controlled comparisons of insured Americans and Canadians, we find that people with disabilities report higher levels of unmet need than do their counterparts without disabilities, with no difference in this result between the nations. Our findings on access to medications and satisfaction with care among people with disabilities are similar, suggesting worse outcomes for people with disabilities, but few differences between insured U.S. and Canadian individuals. Generally, we find higher percentages who report having a regular physician, and higher contact rates with physicians among people with disabilities than among people without them in both countries. We find no evidence that total physician contacts are restricted in Canada relative to insured Americans at any of the disability levels. Yet we do find that quality ratings are lower among Canadian respondents than among insured Americans. However, bivariate estimates on access, satisfaction, quality, and physician contacts reveal particularly poor outcomes for uninsured persons with severe disabilities in the United States. For example, almost 40% do not report having a regular physician, 65% report that they need at least one medication that they cannot afford, 45% are not satisfied with the way their care is provided, 40% rate the overall quality of their care as fair or poor, and significant reductions in contacts with two types of physicians are evident within this group as well.CONCLUSION: Based on these results, we find evidence of disparities in health care on the basis of disability in both Canada and the United States. However, despite the fact that Canada makes health insurance coverage available to all residents, we find few significant reductions in access, satisfaction or physician contacts among Canadians with disabilities relative to their insured American counterparts. These results place a spotlight on the experiences of uninsured persons with disabilities in America and suggest further avenues for research.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Age Factors', 'Canada', 'Chi-Square Distribution', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Developmental Disabilities', 'Disabled Persons', 'Global Health', 'Health Policy', 'Health Services Accessibility', 'Health Status Disparities', 'Health Surveys', 'Humans', 'Logistic Models', 'Male', 'Medically Uninsured', 'Middle Aged', 'Multivariate Analysis', 'Patient Satisfaction', 'Physician-Patient Relations', 'Quality of Health Care', 'Statistics as Topic', 'United States', 'Young Adult']
| 21,122,730
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['Z01.107.567.176'], ['E05.318.740.994.300', 'G17.820.300', 'N05.715.360.750.750.200', 'N06.850.520.830.994.300'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['F03.625.421'], ['M01.150'], ['H02.403.371', 'N01.400.337'], ['I01.655.500.608.400', 'I01.880.604.825.608.400', 'N03.623.500.608.428'], ['N04.590.374.350', 'N05.300.430'], ['I01.240.425.675', 'N01.224.425.437', 'N06.850.505.400.425.675'], ['E05.318.308.980.438', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.740.500.525', 'E05.318.740.600.800.450', 'E05.318.740.750.450', 'E05.599.835.875', 'N05.715.360.750.530.480', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.450', 'N05.715.360.750.695.470', 'N06.850.520.830.500.525', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.450', 'N06.850.520.830.750.450'], ['M01.385'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.740.150.500', 'N05.715.360.750.125.500', 'N06.850.520.830.150.500'], ['F01.100.150.750.625', 'F01.145.488.887.625', 'N04.452.822.700', 'N05.300.150.800.625', 'N05.715.360.600'], ['F01.829.401.650.675', 'N05.300.660.625'], ['N04.761', 'N05.715'], ['E05.318.740', 'H01.548.832', 'N05.715.360.750', 'N06.850.520.830'], ['Z01.107.567.875'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Monosomy of 1p13.3-22.3 in twins.
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Twin girls with deletion 1p13.3----22.3 are reported. They are characterised by psychomotor retardation, short stature, narrowing of the external auditory meati and abnormalities of the digits. A high resolution analysis revealed the karyotype to be: 46,XX,-1,-4,-9,-18, +der(1)t(1:9) (p22.3;q13)inv(1)(p13.2:q25) del (1)(p13.3----22.3)t(4:18)(4qter----4q32::18q22----1 8qter; 18qter----18q22::4q32----4qter). A phenotype-karyotype correlation study of this case and three others did not support the delineation of a distinct syndrome.
|
['Adult', 'Chromosome Aberrations', 'Chromosome Disorders', 'Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1', 'Female', 'Gene Rearrangement', 'Humans', 'Karyotyping', 'Monosomy', 'Phenotype', 'Translocation, Genetic', 'Twins']
| 2,036,744
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['C23.550.210', 'G05.365.590.175'], ['C16.131.260', 'C16.320.180'], ['A11.284.187.520.300.235.240', 'G05.360.162.520.300.235.240'], ['G05.344'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.385.315', 'E05.200.500.385.315', 'E05.242.385.315', 'E05.393.285.475'], ['C23.550.210.050.500', 'G05.365.590.175.050.500', 'G05.700.131.500'], ['G05.695'], ['C23.550.210.870', 'G05.365.590.175.870', 'G05.558.860'], ['M01.438.873']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
The function of the milk-clotting enzymes bovine and camel chymosin studied by a fluorescence resonance energy transfer assay.
|
Enzymatic coagulation of bovine milk can be divided in 2 steps: an enzymatic step, in which the Phe105-Met106 bond of the milk protein bovine ê-casein is cleaved, and an aggregation step. The aspartic peptidases bovine and camel chymosin (EC 3.4.23.4) are typically used to catalyze the enzymatic step. The most commonly used method to study chymosin activity is the relative milk-clotting activity test that measures the end point of the enzymatic and aggregation step. This method showed that camel chymosin has a 2-fold higher milk-clotting activity toward bovine milk than bovine chymosin. To enable a study of the enzymatic step independent of the aggregation step, a fluorescence resonance energy transfer assay has been developed using a peptide substrate derived from the 98-108 sequence of bovine ê-casein. This assay and Michaelis-Menten kinetics were employed to determine the enzymatic activity of camel and bovine chymosin under milk clotting-like conditions (pH 6.65, ionic strength 80 mM). The results obtained show that the catalytic efficiency of camel chymosin is 3-fold higher than bovine chymosin. The substrate affinity and catalytic activity of bovine and camel chymosin increase at lower pH (6.00 and 5.50). The glycosylation of bovine and camel chymosin did not affect binding of the fluorescence resonance energy transfer substrate, but doubly glycosylated camel chymosin seems to have slightly higher catalytic efficiency. In the characterization of the enzymes, the developed assay is easier and faster to use than the traditionally used relative milk-clotting activity test method.
|
['Animals', 'Camelus', 'Caseins', 'Cattle', 'Chymosin', 'Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer', 'Glycosylation', 'Kinetics', 'Milk']
| 25,726,113
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.190.180'], ['D12.776.256.159.750.207', 'D12.776.744.150'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['D08.811.277.656.074.500.200', 'D08.811.277.656.300.048.200'], ['E05.196.712.516.600.676.500', 'G01.154.240.280', 'G02.111.255.280'], ['G02.111.158.812', 'G02.607.299', 'G03.191.812'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['A12.200.455', 'A12.790', 'G07.203.100.700', 'G07.203.300.350.525', 'J02.200.700', 'J02.500.350.525']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Addressing health inequities through indigenous involvement in health-policy discourses.
|
Although the health of Indigenous peoples is affected by structural inequities, interventions to address health inequities are often focused locally rather than at a structural level where they could play a transformative role. Addressing structural health inequities by involving Indigenous peoples in health-policy discourses can serve to address power imbalances that are implicit in policymaking processes. Using an analytical framework based on interdisciplinary perspectives rooted in critical and decolonizing approaches, the author presents a discussion of theoretical considerations for including Indigenous peoples in policy discourses as a means of addressing health inequities. She argues that the involvement of Indigenous peoples in health-policy discourses has the potential to mitigate epistemological colonialism, push forward an agenda of decolonization, and address health inequities caused by inequitable systems of power. The article concludes with suggestions for future research and implications for nursing and health professionals of addressing structural inequities through attention to policy discourses.
|
['Canada', 'Health Policy', 'Health Services, Indigenous', 'Humans', 'Indians, North American', 'Medically Underserved Area', 'Transcultural Nursing']
| 22,894,009
|
[['Z01.107.567.176'], ['I01.655.500.608.400', 'I01.880.604.825.608.400', 'N03.623.500.608.428'], ['N02.421.330'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.686.508.150.600'], ['N03.349.650.340', 'N05.300.450.520'], ['H02.478.676.920']]
|
['Geographicals [Z]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Rapid differentiation of nucleotide phosphoramidate diastereomers by electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry.
|
RATIONALE: Nucleotide phosphoramidates are prodrugs which effectively deliver the active nucleotide to target tissues. It was shown that the individual phosphoramidate diastereomers have different antiviral activity, although the active nucleotide is the same. Therefore, a fast and simple analytical method is needed to characterize the individual diastereomeric phosphoramidate prodrugs.METHODS: Stock solutions of diastereomeric nucleotide phosphoramidate prodrugs, i.e., 5'-phosphate derivatives of the â-D-2'-deoxy-2'-á-fluoro-2'-â-C-methyluridine nucleotide, were made in 25% acetonitrile to achieve a final concentration of 10 µg/mL. The samples were studied using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS).RESULTS: The MS/MS spectra of diastereomeric pairs showed substantial differences in the relative abundances of a characteristic ion in negative mode, which is proposed to be a cyclic phosphoramidate ion. Results were confirmed by the MS/MS spectrum of an analog without the NH proton and deuterium exchange experiment. Furthermore, the diastereomer-specific fragmentation behavior in negative ESI-MS was used to characterize a series of nucleotide phosphoramidates with different amino acid and aromatic substituents.CONCLUSIONS: An HPLC/MS/MS method was developed for the differentiation of the diastereomers of phosphoramidate prodrugs. In negative mode MS/MS spectra, the cyclic phosphoramidate ions yielded unambiguous distinction. This method presented a rapid and simple way for the characterization of nucleotide phosphoramidates.
|
['Amides', 'Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'Nucleotides', 'Phosphoric Acids', 'Prodrugs', 'Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization', 'Stereoisomerism', 'Tandem Mass Spectrometry']
| 22,777,791
|
[['D02.065'], ['E05.196.181.400.300'], ['D09.408.620', 'D13.695'], ['D01.029.260.700.675', 'D01.695.625.675'], ['D26.675'], ['E05.196.566.600'], ['G02.607.445.682'], ['E05.196.566.880']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Human Bitter Taste Receptors Are Activated by Different Classes of Polyphenols.
|
Polyphenols may contribute directly to plant-based foodstuffs flavor, in particular to astringency and bitterness. In this work, the bitterness of a small library of polyphenols from different classes [procyanidin dimers type B, ellagitannins (punicalagin, castalagin, and vescalagin) and phenolic acid ethyl esters (protocatechuic, ferulic, and vanillic acid ethyl esters] was studied by a cell-based assay. The bitter taste receptors (TAS2Rs) activated by these polyphenols and the half-maximum effective concentrations (EC50) of each agonist-TAS2Rs pair were determined. Computational methodologies were used to understand the polyphenol molecular region responsible for receptor activation and to get insights into the type of bonds established in the agonist-TAS2Rs pairs. The results show the combinatorial pattern of TAS2Rs activation. TAS2R5 seems to be the only receptor exhibiting a bias toward the activation by condensed tannins, while TAS2R7 seems more tuned for hydrolyzable (ellagi)tannins. Additionally, at the concentrations usually found for these compounds in foodstuffs, they can actively contribute to bitter taste, especially ellagitannins.
|
['Biflavonoids', 'Catechin', 'Cell Line', 'Flavoring Agents', 'Humans', 'Hydrolyzable Tannins', 'Polyphenols', 'Proanthocyanidins', 'Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled', 'Taste']
| 30,056,706
|
[['D03.383.663.283.266.450.190', 'D03.633.100.150.266.450.190'], ['D03.383.663.283.240.190', 'D03.383.663.283.266.450.206', 'D03.633.100.150.240.190', 'D03.633.100.150.266.450.206'], ['A11.251.210'], ['D26.650.294', 'D27.720.372.300.353', 'D27.720.744.294', 'G07.203.300.514.500.400', 'J02.500.514.500.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D02.241.223.100.300.200.299', 'D02.241.511.390.200.299', 'D02.455.426.559.389.127.281.200.299', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.410.200.299', 'D05.750.078.937.214'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.657.715', 'D03.633.100.150.266.450.260.777'], ['D03.383.663.283.266.450.700', 'D03.633.100.150.266.450.700', 'D05.750.078.937.429'], ['D12.776.543.750.695'], ['F02.830.816.724', 'G11.561.790.724']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
DNA repair in the variable platyfish (Xiphophorus variatus) irradiated in vivo with ultraviolet B light.
|
Dark- and light-dependent DNA repair processes were studied in vivo in the variable platyfish, Xiphophorus variatus. Excision (dark) repair of the (6-4) photoproduct was more efficient than that of the cyclobutane dimer with approximately 70% of the (6-4) photoproducts removed by 24 h post-UVB radiation compared to approximately 30% of the cyclobutane dimers. Exposure to photoreactivating light resulted in rapid loss of most (> 90%) of the cyclobutane dimers and increased excision repair of the (6-4) photoproduct. Preexposure to photoreactivating light 8 h prior to UVB radiation increased the rate of photoreactivation two-fold.
|
['Animals', 'Cyprinodontiformes', 'DNA Repair', 'Pyrimidine Dimers', 'Ultraviolet Rays']
| 8,234,482
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.493.850.280'], ['G02.111.222', 'G05.219'], ['D03.383.742.686.600', 'D13.695.578.424.600', 'D13.695.740.600'], ['G01.358.500.505.650.891', 'G01.590.540.891', 'G01.750.250.650.891', 'G01.750.750.659', 'G01.750.770.578.891', 'G16.500.275.063.725.525.600', 'G16.500.750.775.525.600', 'N06.230.300.100.725.525.600']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Effects of foot orthotics on running economy: methodological considerations.
|
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the study was to collect preliminary data to address methodological considerations that may impact subject-specific reactions to foot orthotics during running.METHODS: Six endurance-trained recreational runners recruited from a chiropractic college campus wore their preferred running shoes and then inserted either their custom-made orthotics during 1 testing session or their shoe-fitted insoles during the other testing session. Comfort perception was measured for each footwear condition. Measurements of oxygen consumption (VO2) at several moderate exercise intensities, to mimic recreational running, generated an individual's economy-of-running line. Predicted running velocity at VO(2max) (vVO2max) was calculated as an index of endurance performance. Lower extremity muscle activity was recorded. Descriptive statistics, a repeated-measures analysis of variance model, and a paired t test were used to document any systematic changes in running economy, lower extremity muscle activities, and vVO2max within and across subjects as a function of footwear conditions.RESULTS: Decreases in VO2 at several moderate exercise intensities (F((1,5)footwear) = 10.37, P = .023) and increases in vVO2max (t(5) = 4.20, P = .008) occurred in all 6 subjects while wearing their orthotic intervention vs their shoe-fitted insoles. There were no consistent changes in lower extremity muscle activity.CONCLUSIONS: Methodological decisions to use a sustained incremental exercise protocol at several moderate exercise intensities and to measure comfort perception of a custom-molded foot orthosis were effective at documenting systematic improvements in running economy among the 6 recreational runners tested. The development of a less physically demanding sustained exercise protocol is necessary to determine underlying neuromuscular mechanisms and/or clinical effectiveness of orthotic interventions.
|
['Adult', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Orthotic Devices', 'Physical Endurance', 'Running', 'Shoes', 'Young Adult']
| 22,632,593
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E07.858.442.743'], ['G11.427.680', 'I03.450.642.845.054.600'], ['G11.427.410.568.610', 'G11.427.410.698.277.750', 'I03.350.750', 'I03.450.642.845.610'], ['J01.637.215.800'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Reversible cortical atrophy and cognitive decline induced by valproic acid.
|
An 18-year-old male suffered from familial progressive myoclonic epilepsy from the age of 7 years. In addition to seizures, there was a marked decline in school performance. At the age of 14 years, sodium valproate was started as add-on therapy; 2 weeks later he was hospitalized in a stuporous state. The serum level of valproate was within the therapeutic range. Cognitive evaluation disclosed moderate mental retardation. No metabolic abnormalities were detected. Valproate was discontinued and during the 4 following months, a slow but significant improvement was documented in cognitive functions. Repeated assessment was within the range of mild mental retardation. Initially, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed mild cortical atrophy. A subsequent MRI study performed 2 years later was normal.
|
['Adolescent', 'Anticonvulsants', 'Atrophy', 'Cerebral Cortex', 'Cognition Disorders', 'Electroencephalography', 'Epilepsies, Myoclonic', 'Humans', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Recovery of Function', 'Severity of Illness Index', 'Valproic Acid']
| 10,726,594
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['D27.505.954.427.080'], ['C23.300.070'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500'], ['F03.615.250'], ['E01.370.376.300', 'E01.370.405.245'], ['C10.228.140.490.375.130', 'C10.228.140.490.493.063'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['G16.757'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475.456.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.364.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.364.500'], ['D02.241.081.944.509.900', 'D10.251.400.895.593.900']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
C-reactive protein (CRP) but not the related pentraxins serum amyloid P and PTX3 inhibits the proliferation and induces apoptosis of the leukemia cell line Mono Mac 6.
|
BACKGROUND: Pentraxins are a family of highly conserved secreted proteins that regulate the innate immune system, including monocytes and macrophages. C-reactive protein (CRP) is a plasma protein whose levels can rise to 1000 ìg/ml from the normal <3 ìg/ ml during inflammation.RESULTS: We find that CRP inhibits proliferation of the human myeloid leukemia cell line Mono Mac 6 with an IC50 of 75 ìg/ ml by inducing apoptosis of these cells. The related proteins serum amyloid P (SAP) and pentraxin 3 (PTX3) do not inhibit Mono Mac 6 proliferation. CRP has no significant effect on the proliferation of other leukemia cell lines such as HL-60, Mono Mac 1, K562, U937, or THP-1, or the survival of normal peripheral blood cells. The effect of CRP appears to be dependent on the CRP receptor FcãRI, and is negatively regulated by a phosphatidylinositol -3-kinase pathway.CONCLUSION: These data reveal differential signaling by pentraxins on immune cells, and suggest that CRP can regulate the proliferation of some myeloid leukemia cells.
|
['Antigens, CD', 'Apoptosis', 'C-Reactive Protein', 'Cell Cycle', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Cell Survival', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Humans', 'Inhibitory Concentration 50', 'Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute', 'Leukocytes, Mononuclear', 'Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase', 'Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors', 'Receptors, Fc', 'Receptors, IgG', 'Receptors, Immunologic', 'Serum Amyloid P-Component', 'Signal Transduction']
| 29,202,702
|
[['D23.050.301.264.035', 'D23.101.100.110'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['D12.776.034.145', 'D12.776.124.050.120', 'D12.776.124.486.157'], ['G04.144'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['G04.346'], ['A11.251'], ['G05.308'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.940.350', 'G07.690.936.563'], ['C04.557.337.539.275'], ['A11.118.637.555', 'A15.145.229.637.555', 'A15.382.490.555'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.500.100'], ['D27.505.519.389.736'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.871'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.871.300'], ['D12.776.543.750.705'], ['D12.776.049.407.875', 'D12.776.124.050.730', 'D12.776.395.690'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
In vivo testing of an experimental endosseous implant design.
|
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to test a new implant system with apically expanding, double-hinged wing stabilizers in dogs before human testing.METHODS: Twenty-seven HA-coated endosseous implants were placed in five dog mandibles. The implants were placed into function for 12-weeks after a 12-week healing period. At the end of this period, the implants were evaluated clinically and radiographically. The animals then were killed, allowing for the implants to be evaluated mechanically and histologically.RESULTS: After the initial healing period, 24 of 27 implants demonstrated osseointegration. Seven of eight implants restored with acrylic resin-fixed partial dentures were stable after the 12-week period of function. However, 17 of 27 implants failed to satisfactorily deploy the apical wing stabilizer system.CONCLUSION: This new implant system has a number of design flaws that must be addressed before testing in humans.
|
['Animals', 'Dental Implants', 'Dental Prosthesis Design', 'Dental Stress Analysis', 'Dogs', 'Durapatite', 'Female', 'Mandible', 'Prosthesis Failure', 'Titanium']
| 8,859,240
|
[['B01.050'], ['D25.339.312', 'E06.780.346.593', 'E07.695.185', 'J01.637.051.339.312'], ['E06.780.346.625', 'E06.912.145'], ['E06.308'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.250.216.200'], ['D01.029.260.700.675.374.075.025.300.150', 'D01.146.360.050.300.200', 'D01.578.122.477.300', 'D01.695.625.675.650.075.025.300.150'], ['A02.835.232.781.324.502.632', 'A14.521.632'], ['C23.550.767.865', 'E05.325.771'], ['D01.268.557.800', 'D01.268.956.878', 'D01.552.547.800']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Copy number increase of oncoprotein CIP2A is associated with poor patient survival in human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.
|
BACKGROUND: CIP2A, an inhibitor of PP2A tumour suppressor function, is a widely overexpressed biomarker of aggressive disease and poor therapy response in multiple human cancer types.METHODS: CIP2A and DPPA4 copy number alterations and expression were analysed by fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) in different cell lines and a tissue microarray of 52 HNSCC patients. Results were correlated with patient survival and other clinicopathological data.RESULTS: CIP2A and DPPA4 copy number increase occurred at a relatively high frequency in human HNSCC patient samples. CIP2A but not DPPA4 FISH status was significantly associated with patient survival. CIP2A detection by combining IHC with FISH yielded superior resolution in the prognostication of HNSCC.CONCLUSIONS: CIP2A copy number increase is associated with poor patient survival in human HNSCC. We suggest that the reliability and prognostic value of CIP2A detection can be improved by performing FISH analysis to CIP2A IHC positive tumours.
|
['Autoantigens', 'Biomarkers, Tumor', 'Carcinoma, Squamous Cell', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Disease-Free Survival', 'Female', 'Gene Dosage', 'HeLa Cells', 'Head and Neck Neoplasms', 'Humans', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence', 'Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins', 'Male', 'Membrane Proteins', 'Middle Aged', 'Nuclear Proteins', 'Prognosis', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck', 'Tissue Array Analysis']
| 26,436,875
|
[['D23.050.422'], ['D23.101.140'], ['C04.557.470.200.400', 'C04.557.470.700.400'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['E01.789.800.190', 'E05.318.740.998.300', 'N04.761.559.590.800.190', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800.190', 'N05.715.360.750.795.300', 'N06.850.520.830.998.300'], ['G05.380.350'], ['A11.251.210.190.400', 'A11.251.860.180.400', 'A11.436.340'], ['C04.588.443'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.670.325.350', 'E01.370.225.750.600.670.325.350', 'E05.200.500.620.670.325.350', 'E05.200.750.600.670.325.350', 'E05.393.285.350', 'E05.393.661.475.350'], ['D12.644.360', 'D12.776.476'], ['D12.776.543'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D12.776.660'], ['E01.789'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['C04.557.470.200.400.565', 'C04.588.443.177'], ['E05.588.570.850']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Oxygen switching of the epitaxial graphene-metal interaction.
|
Using photoemission spectroscopy techniques, we show that oxygen intercalation is achieved on an extended layer of epitaxial graphene on Ir(111), which results in the "lifting" of the graphene layer and in its decoupling from the metal substrate. The oxygen adsorption below graphene proceeds as on clean Ir(111), giving only a slightly higher oxygen coverage. Upon lifting, the C 1s signal shows a downshift in binding energy, due to the charge transfer to graphene from the oxygen-covered metal surface. Moreover, the characteristic spectral signatures of the graphene-substrate interaction in the valence band are removed, and the spectrum of strongly hole-doped, quasi free-standing graphene with a single Dirac cone around the K point is observed. The oxygen can be deintercalated by annealing, and this process takes place at around T = 600 K, in a rather abrupt way. A small amount of carbon atoms is lost, implying that graphene has been etched. After deintercalation graphene restores its interaction with the Ir(111) substrate. Additional intercalation/deintercalation cycles readily occur at lower oxygen doses and temperatures, consistently with an increasingly defective lattice. Our findings demonstrate that oxygen intercalation is an efficient method for fully decoupling an extended layer of graphene from a metal substrate, such as Ir(111). They pave the way for the fundamental research on graphene, where extended, ordered layers of free-standing graphene are important and, due to the stability of the intercalated system in a wide temperature range, also for the advancement of next-generation graphene-based electronics.
|
['Crystallization', 'Graphite', 'Materials Testing', 'Metal Nanoparticles', 'Nanostructures', 'Oxygen', 'Particle Size']
| 23,051,045
|
[['E05.196.300', 'G02.171'], ['D01.268.150.300', 'D01.578.300'], ['E05.570'], ['J01.637.512.600.500'], ['J01.637.512'], ['D01.268.185.550', 'D01.362.670'], ['G02.712']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Screening for refractive errors in preschool children with the vision screener.
|
BACKGROUND: The Vision Screener is a new, commercial version of the Power Refractor, an off-axis, hand-held video refractor to screen for amblyogenic refractive errors. The aim of our study was to determine the reproducibility of the measurements, compare them to cycloplegic refraction, and evaluate the sensitivity and specificity for the detection of amblyogenic refractive errors.PATIENTS AND METHODS: Included in the study were 161 preschool children, age 0.5-7.2 years without manifest strabismus > 10 degrees , who attended the outpatient clinic. After three measurements with the Vision Screener (version 4.3.15) and one measurement with +3 dpt glasses, the child underwent cycloplegic refraction.RESULTS: The reproducibility of the three non-cycloplegic measurements was +/- 0.5 dpt in 85% and +/- 1 dpt in more than 95% of the children. Accommodation reduced the manifest hyperopia that could be measured with the Vision Screener by up to 3 dpt in some children. Compliance with the +3 dpt glasses increased from 20% in those under one year of age to > 75 % in those over three. The glasses did increase the sensitivity from 70% to 80% but decreased the specificity from 80% to 65%.CONCLUSION: The Vision Screener is easy to handle and gives reproducible results. The sensitivity and specificity are between 70 and 80%. The +3 dpt glasses are only helpful in a few patients. The latest software version with a new algorithm is now under evaluation.
|
['Age Distribution', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'False Positive Reactions', 'Germany', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Patient Compliance', 'Prevalence', 'Refraction, Ocular', 'Refractive Errors', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Vision Screening']
| 17,523,041
|
[['I01.240.050', 'N01.224.033', 'N06.850.505.400.050'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['E01.354.506'], ['Z01.542.315'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['F01.100.150.750.500.600', 'F01.145.488.887.500.600', 'N05.300.150.800.500.600'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['E01.370.380.850.700', 'G01.590.775', 'G14.760'], ['C11.744'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E01.370.380.850.900', 'E05.318.308.980.438.580.925', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.500.825', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.580.925', 'N06.850.780.500.950']]
|
['Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Anterior Intrapelvic Approaches: Fracture Patterns You May Want to Reconsider.
|
The anterior intrapelvic approach with a lateral window is gaining popularity for the surgical treatment of anterior fracture patterns of the acetabulum. Certain fracture patterns and characteristics present challenges when using anterior approaches. This article aims to describe some of the fracture patterns that may be particularly difficult to address using the anterior intrapelvic approach with or without the lateral window.
|
['Acetabulum', 'Fracture Fixation, Internal', 'Fractures, Bone', 'Humans', 'Pelvis']
| 30,688,855
|
[['A02.835.232.043.825.108'], ['E04.555.300.300'], ['C26.404'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A01.923.600']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Dissolution Trapping of Carbon Dioxide in Heterogeneous Aquifers.
|
The geologic architecture in sedimentary reservoirs affects the behavior of density-driven flow and the dispersion of CO2-rich brine. The spatial organization and connectivity of facies types play an important role. Low-permeability facies may suppress fingering and reduce vertical spreading, but may also increase transverse mixing. This is more pronounced when geologic structures create preferential flow pathways through connected facies types. We perform high-resolution simulations of three-dimensional (3D) heterogeneous formations whose connectivity cannot be represented in two-dimensional models consistent with percolation theory. This work focuses on the importance of 3D facies-based heterogeneity and connectivity on advection-diffusion transport of dissolved CO2. Because the dissolution of CO2 and the subsequent density increase of brine are the driving force for gravitational instabilities, we model the phase behavior with the accurate cubic-plus-association equation-of-state, which accounts for the self-association of polar water molecules and the cross-association between CO2 and water. Our results elucidate how the spatial organization of facies affects the dynamics of CO2 convective mixing. Scaling relations for the evolution of a global dispersion-width provide insights that can be universally applied. The results suggest that the long-term evolution and scaling of dispersion are surprisingly similar for homogeneous and (binary and multiscale) heterogeneous porous media.
|
['Carbon Dioxide', 'Groundwater', 'Models, Theoretical', 'Solubility', 'Water Movements']
| 28,598,155
|
[['D01.200.200', 'D01.362.150', 'D01.650.550.200'], ['G01.311.355'], ['E05.599'], ['G02.805'], ['G16.500.971', 'N06.230.132.644.750', 'N06.230.850']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Insulin reversibility of the isoproterenol resistance of diabetic rat myocardium.
|
1. Efficiency of preventive and reversive insulin therapy was compared on rat myocardium following streptozotocin treatment to study the reversibility of diabetic catecholamine resistance. 2. When insulin substitution was initiated immediately after streptozotocin treatment, insulin successfully prevented the development of diabetic catecholamine resistance of the myocardium. 3. When insulin substitution was initiated following the development of isoproterenol resistance, insulin failed to restore physiological catecholamine sensitivity. 4. These results indicate that once diabetic alterations have already developed, recovery of biological functions to normal by exogenous insulin substitution might be ineffective.
|
['Animals', 'Cardiotonic Agents', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Drug Resistance', 'Female', 'Hypoglycemic Agents', 'Insulin', 'Isoproterenol', 'Male', 'Myocardial Contraction', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar']
| 8,981,071
|
[['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.411.222', 'D27.720.799.080'], ['C18.452.394.750.074', 'C19.246.240', 'E05.598.500.374'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['G07.690.773.984'], ['D27.505.696.422'], ['D06.472.699.587.200.500.625', 'D12.644.548.586.200.500.625'], ['D02.033.100.291.439', 'D02.092.063.291.439', 'D02.092.311.649', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.175.649'], ['G09.330.580', 'G11.427.494.570'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Clinical significance of antibodies to soluble extractable nuclear antigens (anti-ENA).
|
Clinical and biological manifestations have been studied in 134 patients whose serum had antibodies to soluble extractable nuclear antigens (ENA). 85 of the patients had anti-RNP antibodies, 18 had anti-Sm antibodies, and 31 had antibodies to one or more soluble nuclear antigen. In all groups, the predominant clinical manifestations were polyarthritis, Raynaud's phenomenon, fever, and skin involvement. Renal disease was less common in those patients with anti-RNP antibodies than in the other patients. Most patients with definite renal disease (13 out of 15) also had circulating anti-DNA antibodies. The final diagnoses in these 134 patients were well defined connective tissue disease in 59; overlap syndromes in 34; a limited clinical syndrome made up of polyarthritis Raynaud's phenomenon--often with swollen fingers--and/or hypergammaglobulin-aemia in 31, and various other clinical conditions in 10.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Antibodies, Antinuclear', 'Antibody Specificity', 'Child', 'Collagen Diseases', 'DNA', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Kidney Diseases', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Raynaud Disease']
| 308,354
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.323.204', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.323.204', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.323.204'], ['G12.100'], ['M01.060.406'], ['C17.300.200'], ['D13.444.308'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C12.777.419', 'C13.351.968.419'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C14.907.617.812']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Expression of Kindlin-1 in human hepatocellular carcinoma and its prognostic significance.
|
Kindlin-1 is a member of the Kindlin family of focal adhesion proteins and is implicated in cell adhesion, proliferation, polarity, and motility. Although expression of Kindlin-1 has recently been reported in a variety of human cancers, studies on its expression in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are currently lacking. This study aimed to determine the clinicopathological parameters and prognostic value of Kindlin-1 in HCC patients after surgical resection. The messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein levels of Kindlin-1 in 22 matched HCC specimens were assessed by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blotting assays. The clinical and prognostic significance of Kindlin-1 in 68 cases of HCC was determined by immunohistochemistry. Kindlin-1 expression was higher in HCC tumor tissues relative to that in adjacent normal tissue at the both mRNA and protein levels (p < 0.05). Immunohistochemical results revealed that overexpression of Kindlin-1 was detected in 37 of 68 (54.4 %) tumor tissues and in seven of 68 (10.3 %) adjacent non-tumor tissues (p < 0.05). Positive Kindlin-1 expression was significantly correlated with tumor size, tumor capsula, status of metastasis, and tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage. Additionally, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that positive Kindlin-1 expression was associated with unfavorable overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). Multivariate analysis identified Kindlin-1 as an independent prognostic predictor for OS and DFS in HCC patients (p = 0.041 and 0.027, respectively). Taken together, our data suggest that Kindlin-1 could play an important role in HCC and might serve as a promising prognostic marker and potential target for HCC therapy.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Biomarkers, Tumor', 'Carcinoma, Hepatocellular', 'Disease-Free Survival', 'Female', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic', 'Hepatectomy', 'Humans', 'Kaplan-Meier Estimate', 'Liver Neoplasms', 'Male', 'Membrane Proteins', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasm Proteins', 'Prognosis']
| 25,592,379
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D23.101.140'], ['C04.557.470.200.025.255', 'C04.588.274.623.160', 'C06.301.623.160', 'C06.552.697.160'], ['E01.789.800.190', 'E05.318.740.998.300', 'N04.761.559.590.800.190', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800.190', 'N05.715.360.750.795.300', 'N06.850.520.830.998.300'], ['G05.308.370'], ['E04.210.556'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.740.998.650', 'N05.715.360.750.795.650', 'N06.850.520.830.998.650'], ['C04.588.274.623', 'C06.301.623', 'C06.552.697'], ['D12.776.543'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D12.776.624'], ['E01.789']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Hydrogen peroxide and coffee induce G:C-->T:A transversions in the lacI gene of catalase-defective Escherichia coli.
|
The mutagenicity of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was compared with that of coffee, a complex mixture which generates H2O2. An Escherichia coli strain defective in catalase activity (katG katE double mutant) and carrying a single copy mucAB (pRW144) plasmid was constructed to enhance the mutagenic response to oxidants. The ability of the mucAB genes to influence the type, frequency and distribution of H2O2-induced mutations was also investigated in isogenic bacteria lacking pRW144. Induced mutational spectra were characterized and compared with that of spontaneous mutagenesis. A total of 444 independent forward mutations affecting the first 210 bp of the lacI gene were identified by DNA sequence analysis. The spontaneous mutation spectrum showed no bias (P = 0.52) for substitutions at G:C base pairs. In contrast, in the H2O2-induced spectrum substitutions occurred preferentially at G:C base pairs (P < 0.0001) with a preponderance of G:C-->T:A transversions (43.4% of H2O2-induced mutants versus 17.3% of spontaneous mutants). These data support the view that 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine is the main premutagenic lesion induced by H2O2 and that catalase-defective bacteria have elevated levels of 8-oxoguanine in chromosome DNA after H2O2 exposure. Coffee produced a similar distribution of mutational events as H2O2 (P > 0.05), suggesting that this compound may be the main cause of the coffee-induced mutagenesis. The presence of plasmid pRW144 did not affect the frequency of H2O2-induced G:C-->T:A transversions, but caused an increase in A:T-->T:A transversions and a decrease in -1 base frameshifts. Although the frequencies of G:C-->T:A transversions were similar in all three induced spectra (H2O2 and coffee +/- pRW144), differences were observed in location of mutations throughout the target gene.
|
['Acatalasia', 'Bacterial Proteins', 'Base Sequence', 'Coffee', 'DNA Mutational Analysis', 'Escherichia coli', 'Escherichia coli Proteins', 'Hydrogen Peroxide', 'Lac Operon', 'Lac Repressors', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Mutagens', 'Mutation', 'Point Mutation', 'Repressor Proteins']
| 10,474,829
|
[['C16.320.565.663.050', 'C18.452.648.663.050'], ['D12.776.097'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['D20.215.784.249', 'G07.203.100.325', 'J02.200.325'], ['E05.393.760.700.300'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['D12.776.097.275'], ['D01.248.497.158.685.750.424', 'D01.339.431.374.424', 'D01.650.550.750.400', 'D02.389.338.253'], ['G05.360.340.024.686.545', 'G05.360.340.358.207.500.545'], ['D12.776.097.521', 'D12.776.260.703.600', 'D12.776.930.780.781'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['D27.888.569.468'], ['G05.365.590'], ['G05.365.590.675'], ['D12.776.260.703', 'D12.776.930.780']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Identification and isolation of Lewis blood group antigens from human saliva using monoclonal antibodies.
|
Solid-phase radioimmunoassay, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and thin-layer chromatography were used to compare, identify, and characterize the Lewis antigens from human salivas, using monoclonal antibodies directed to the Lea and Leb determinants. Sialylated Lea glycolipid was detected in saliva from individuals with Le(a+ b+) and Le(a+ b-) phenotypes. Immunoaffinity chromatography of the saliva from individuals with different phenotypes revealed a glycoprotein of molecular weight greater than 200 kD bearing the Lewis antigenic determinants.
|
['Antibodies, Monoclonal', 'Glycolipids', 'Glycoproteins', 'Humans', 'Lewis Blood Group Antigens', 'Molecular Weight', 'Phenotype', 'Saliva']
| 6,469,267
|
[['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224'], ['D09.400.410', 'D10.390'], ['D09.400.430', 'D12.776.395'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D23.050.301.290.544', 'D23.050.705.230.544'], ['G02.494'], ['G05.695'], ['A12.200.666']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Pharmacokinetics and tolerance of roentgen contrast media].
|
The improved tolerance of nonionic contrast media compared with conventional contrast media is mainly due to their lower osmolality and reduced allergoid potential. Tolerance advantages that have been definitely proven are, for example, low-pain contrast medium injection and superior systemic tolerance; side effects of an allergic pattern occur less often. Animals experiments have established that nonionic contrast media exercise a comparatively lower influence on the cardiovascular system. The haemodynamics of pulmonary circulation are less adversely affected on intravenous bolus injection. Reduced potential risk is to be expected especially in cardiac and bronchopulmonary high-risk patients. The reduced nephrotoxicity of nonionic contrast media was definitely established by clinical studies. Further systematic studies will however be required to provide an answer to the question whether this also entails a reduction in the incidence of renal failures induced by contrast media.
|
['Angiography', 'Contrast Media', 'Drug Hypersensitivity', 'Hemodynamics', 'Humans', 'Kidney', 'Pulmonary Circulation', 'Risk', 'Subtraction Technique', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed', 'Urography']
| 3,547,606
|
[['E01.370.350.700.060', 'E01.370.370.050'], ['D27.505.259.500', 'D27.720.259'], ['C20.543.206', 'C25.100.468'], ['G09.330.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A05.810.453'], ['G09.330.100.770', 'G09.772.593'], ['E05.318.740.600.800', 'G17.680.750', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800'], ['E01.370.350.760'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810'], ['E01.370.350.700.830', 'E01.370.390.830']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Excitation-contraction coupling in the smooth muscle cells of the rabbit main pulmonary artery.
|
1. Increasing the external K concentration depolarizes the smooth muscle cells of the main pulmonary artery, and this depolarization reaches a maximal slope of 58 mV for a tenfold change of [K](o). The threshold depolarization for inducing contraction is at 4 mV and the maximal contraction is reached at a [K](o) of 58 mM.2. Noradrenaline concentrations between 2 x 10(-8)M and 10(-7)M induce tension without depolarizing the cells, but at higher concentrations noradrenaline not only elicits a large tension response but also depolarizes the cells in a dose-dependent way.3. The effect of noradrenaline on the pulmonary artery is appreciably modified by substituting sucrose for NaCl: the cells are slightly hyperpolarized and the tension response is very much reduced.4. By studying the tension response to noradrenaline in other experimental conditions which cause a small hyperpolarization of the cells, such as 5 mM-[Ca](o), 2.9 mM-[K](o) or a small depolarization, such as 11.9 mM-[K](o), it was found that a slight modification of the membrane potential can exert an important effect on the noradrenaline response.5. A simultaneous decrease of [Ca](o) and [Na](o) reduces the tension response to all noradrenaline concentrations. It was found that a reduction of [Na](o) exerts a more depressing effect than a reduction of [Ca](o). In interpreting these results we have to take into account changes of the membrane potential, of availability of Ca, and some competition between external Ca and Na.6. A study of the effect of different concentrations of noradrenaline in Krebs solutions and Ca-free solution has shown that concentrations up to 2.5 x 10(-7)M elicit contraction by increasing the Ca influx, while higher concentrations also induce a release of cellular Ca.7. Caffeine depolarizes the cells and reduces the membrane resistance. It modifies the K, Cl and Ca fluxes in the same way as noradrenaline, but it suppresses the mechanical response induced by noradrenaline.
|
['Animals', 'Caffeine', 'Calcium', 'Female', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Male', 'Membrane Potentials', 'Muscle Contraction', 'Muscle, Smooth', 'Norepinephrine', 'Potassium', 'Pulmonary Artery', 'Rabbits']
| 915,834
|
[['B01.050'], ['D03.132.960.175', 'D03.633.100.759.758.824.175'], ['D01.268.552.100', 'D01.552.539.288', 'D23.119.100'], ['E05.481'], ['G01.154.535', 'G04.580', 'G07.265.675', 'G11.561.570'], ['G11.427.494'], ['A02.633.570', 'A10.690.467'], ['D02.033.100.291.502', 'D02.092.063.480', 'D02.092.211.215.746', 'D02.092.311.830', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.175.830'], ['D01.268.549.550', 'D01.268.557.575', 'D01.552.528.652', 'D01.552.547.650'], ['A07.015.114.715'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.968.700']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Preliminary surface analysis of etched, bleached, and normal bovine enamel.
|
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic (XPS) and secondary ion-mass spectroscopic (SIMS) analyses were performed on unground un-pumiced, unground pumiced, and ground labial enamel surfaces of young bovine incisors exposed to four different treatments: (1) immersion in 35% H2O2 for 60 min; (2) immersion in 37% H3PO4 for 60 s; (3) immersion in 35% H2O2 for 60 min, in distilled water for two min, and in 37% H3PO4 for 60 s; (4) immersion in 37% H3PO4 for 60 s, in distilled water for two min, and in 35% H2O2 for 60 min. Untreated unground un-pumiced, unground pumiced, and ground enamel surfaces, as well as synthetic hydroxyapatite surfaces, served as controls for intra-tooth evaluations of the effects of different treatments. The analyses indicated that exposure to 35% H2O2 alone, besides increasing the nitrogen content, produced no other significant change in the elemental composition of any of the enamel surfaces investigated. Exposure to 37% H3PO4, however, produced a marked decrease in calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) concentrations and an increase in carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) concentrations in unground un-pumiced specimens only, and a decrease in C concentration in ground specimens. These results suggest that the reported decrease in the adhesive bond strength of resin to 35% H2O2-treated enamel is not caused by a change in the elemental composition of treated enamel surfaces. They also suggest that an organic-rich layer, unaffected by acid-etching, may be present on the unground un-pumiced surface of young bovine incisors. This layer can be removed by thorough pumicing or by grinding. An awareness of its presence is important when young bovine teeth are used in a model system for evaluation of resin adhesiveness.
|
['Acid Etching, Dental', 'Adhesiveness', 'Animals', 'Cattle', 'Dental Bonding', 'Dental Enamel', 'Dental Stress Analysis', 'Electron Probe Microanalysis', 'Hydrogen Peroxide', 'Resins, Synthetic', 'Surface Properties', 'Tensile Strength', 'Tooth Bleaching']
| 2,204,642
|
[['E06.931.475.111'], ['G02.860.139'], ['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['E06.095'], ['A14.549.167.900.255'], ['E06.308'], ['E01.370.350.515.402.250', 'E05.196.867.800.360', 'E05.595.402.250', 'E05.799.830.360'], ['D01.248.497.158.685.750.424', 'D01.339.431.374.424', 'D01.650.550.750.400', 'D02.389.338.253'], ['D05.750.716.822', 'D25.339.816', 'D25.720.716.822', 'J01.637.051.339.816', 'J01.637.051.720.716.822'], ['G02.860'], ['G01.374.850'], ['E06.420.750']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Relation of the effect of psychostimulants on learning ability to internal and external factors].
|
It has been shown in rat experiments that the action of psychostimulants on the learning ability of rats in a T-shape maze and Dombrovskaya's maze depends to a greater degree on the problem complexity rather than on its type. The learning ability was enhanced in animals which responded to stress by the manifestations of the avoidance conditioned reflex. Sydnocarb and amphetamine were capable to abolish "passive" responding to stress and to enhance the learning ability. Individual level of the animals' investigative effort affected insignificantly the changes in the learning ability induced by psychostimulants (sydnocarb, amphetamine, caffeine, acephen, piracetam, euclidan).
|
['Amphetamine', 'Animals', 'Antidepressive Agents', 'Caffeine', 'Central Nervous System Stimulants', 'Humans', 'Learning', 'Meclofenoxate', 'Nicotinic Acids', 'Piracetam', 'Rats', 'Stress, Psychological', 'Sydnones']
| 6,140,969
|
[['D02.092.471.683.152.110'], ['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.427.700.122'], ['D03.132.960.175', 'D03.633.100.759.758.824.175'], ['D27.505.696.282', 'D27.505.954.427.220'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F02.463.425', 'F02.784.629.529'], ['D02.241.081.018.386.682.875', 'D02.241.511.316.495'], ['D03.066.515', 'D03.383.725.547'], ['D02.065.064.650', 'D02.241.081.018.110.650', 'D03.383.773.812.555'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['F01.145.126.990', 'F02.830.900'], ['D03.383.129.462.580.693']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Analysis of effectiveness of a surgical treatment algorithm for basal cell carcinoma.
|
BACKGROUND:: Surgical excision is the treatment of choice for basal cell carcinoma and micrographic surgery considered the gold standard, however not yet used routinely worldwide available, as in Brazil. Considering this, a previously developed treatment guideline, which the majority of tumors were treated by conventional technique (not micrographic) was tested.OBJECTIVE:: To establish the recurrence rate of basal cell carcinomas treated according to this guideline.METHOD:: Between May 2001 and July 2012, 919 basal cell carcinoma lesions in 410 patients were treated according to the proposed guideline. Patients were followed-up and reviewed between September 2013 and February 2014 for clinical, dermatoscopic and histopathologic detection of possible recurrences.RESULTS:: After application of exclusion criteria, 520 lesions were studied, with 88.3% primary and 11.7% recurrent tumors. Histological pattern was indolent in 85.5%, 48.6% were located in high risk areas and 70% small tumors. Only 7.3% were treated by Mohs micrographic surgery. The recurrence rate, in an average follow-up period of 4.37 years, was 1.3% for primary and 1.63% for recurrent tumors. Study limitations: unicenter study, with all patients operated on by the same surgeon.CONCLUSION:: The treatment guideline utilized seems a helpful guide for surgical treatment of basal cell carcinoma, especially if micrographic surgery is not available.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Algorithms', 'Carcinoma, Basal Cell', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Mohs Surgery', 'Neoplasm Recurrence, Local', 'Practice Guidelines as Topic', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Risk Assessment', 'Skin Neoplasms', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Tumor Burden']
| 28,099,591
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['C04.557.470.200.165', 'C04.557.470.565.165'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E04.494.575', 'E04.680.275.580'], ['C04.697.655', 'C23.550.727.655'], ['N04.761.700.350.650', 'N05.700.350.650'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.715', 'N04.452.871.715', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.690', 'N06.850.505.715', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.715'], ['C04.588.805', 'C17.800.882'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['E05.041.124.892']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Prognostic significance of the genetic and the immunohistochemical expression of epithelial-mesenchymal-related markers in colon cancer.
|
BACKGROUND: Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is one of the main events in colorectal cancer (CRC) spread. Snail-1 is a zinc transcription factor that mediates EMT in tumor cells probably by down-regulation of E-cadherin and claudin-1.OBJECTIVES: To detect the expression of epithelial markers (claudin-1 and E-cadherin) and mesenchymal markers (snail-1 and vimentin) in primary cancer colon. Also, to select stage II cancer patients of a high risk that can benefit from postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy.METHODS: Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemical analysis were performed to investigate snail-1, claudin-1, E-cadherin and vimentin expressions at mRNA and protein levels in fresh tissues of cancer colon and normal colonic mucosa. The correlations between the expression of these markers and clinicopathological parameters were performed.RESULTS: Normal colonic mucosa revealed complete membranous expression of claudin-1, preserved E-cadherin and negative snail-1 and vimentin expressions. Compared to control, the expression of snail-1 and vimentin mRNA in cancer colon was significantly up-regulated while the expression of claudin-1 and E-cadherin mRNA was significantly down-regulated. These changes were significantly associated with stage and lymph node involvement at both mRNA and protein levels (p< 0.05). There were significant negative correlations between vimentin and each of E-cadherin and claudin-1 gene expression and between snail-1 and each of E-cadherin and claudin-1 gene expression. Moreover, these changes were independent predictors of recurrence of stage II cancer colon cases.CONCLUSION: There is a clinical significance of snail-1, claudin-1, E-cadherin and vimentin as possible markers for recognizing patients with lymph node involvement, advanced stage and high incidence of tumor recurrence in cancer colon.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Biomarkers, Tumor', 'Cadherins', 'Claudin-1', 'Colorectal Neoplasms', 'Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition', 'Female', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasm Recurrence, Local', 'Prognosis', 'Snail Family Transcription Factors', 'Vimentin', 'Young Adult']
| 28,759,954
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D23.101.140'], ['D12.776.395.550.200.200', 'D12.776.543.550.200.200', 'D23.050.301.350.200'], ['D12.776.543.940.200.100'], ['C04.588.274.476.411.307', 'C06.301.371.411.307', 'C06.405.249.411.307', 'C06.405.469.158.356', 'C06.405.469.491.307', 'C06.405.469.860.180'], ['G04.356.500'], ['G05.308.370'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04.697.655', 'C23.550.727.655'], ['E01.789'], ['D12.776.930.815'], ['D05.750.078.593.900', 'D12.776.220.475.900'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
A comparison of the health status and health care utilization patterns between foreigners and the national population in Spain: new evidence from the Spanish National Health Survey.
|
The increasing proportion of immigrants in Spanish society is placing pressure on the National Health Care System to accommodate the needs of this population group while keeping costs under control. In the year 2000, a law was approved in Spain according to which all people, regardless of their nationality, are entitled to use health care services under the same conditions as Spanish citizens, provided that they are registered in the local population census. However, empirical evidence about differences in health status and health care utilization between the immigrant and the Spanish population is insufficient. This paper uses the 2003 and 2006 Spanish National Health Surveys to explore the existence of inequalities in health and in the access to health services for the immigrant population living in Spain, relative to that of Spaniards. Our results show that there are different patterns in the level of health and the medical care use between the national and the foreign population in Spain: while immigrants' self-reported health relative to that of the Spanish population depends upon individual nationality, all immigrants, regardless of their nationality, seem to face barriers of entry to specialized care. Further research is needed to understand the nature of these barriers in order to design more effective health policies.
|
['Emigration and Immigration', 'Health Services', 'Health Status Disparities', 'Health Surveys', 'Humans', 'Models, Economic', 'Prejudice', 'Regression Analysis', 'Risk Assessment', 'Self-Assessment', 'Socioeconomic Factors', 'Spain', 'Statistics as Topic']
| 19,523,727
|
[['I01.240.600.525.500', 'N01.224.625.525.500', 'N06.850.505.400.700.525.500'], ['N02.421'], ['I01.240.425.675', 'N01.224.425.437', 'N06.850.505.400.425.675'], ['E05.318.308.980.438', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.740.500.600', 'E05.599.835.890', 'N05.715.360.750.530.500', 'N06.850.520.830.500.600'], ['F01.145.813.550', 'F01.829.595'], ['E05.318.740.750', 'N05.715.360.750.695', 'N06.850.520.830.750'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.715', 'N04.452.871.715', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.690', 'N06.850.505.715', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.715'], ['F01.752.747.792.537'], ['I01.880.853.996', 'N01.824'], ['Z01.542.846'], ['E05.318.740', 'H01.548.832', 'N05.715.360.750', 'N06.850.520.830']]
|
['Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Identification and characterization of a salivary-pellicle-binding peptide by phage display.
|
OBJECTIVE: Dental biofilms are associated with oral diseases, making their control necessary. One way to control them is to prevent initial bacterial adherence to the salivary pellicle and thereby eventually decrease binding of late colonizing potential pathogens. The goal of this study was to generate a salivary-pellicle-binding peptide (SPBP) with antifouling activity towards primary colonizing bacteria. In order to achieve this goal we aimed to: (i) identify novel SPBPs by phage display; (ii) characterize the binding and antifouling properties of the selected SPBPs.METHODS: A library of 2?10(9) phages displaying a random sequence of 12-mer peptides was used to identify peptides that bound selectively to the in vitro salivary pellicle. Three rounds of panning resulted in the selection of 10 pellicle-binding phages, each displaying a novel peptide sequence. The peptides were synthesized and their binding to the in vitro salivary pellicle was characterized in the presence and absence of calcium ions and Tween-20. The antifouling property of hydroxyapatite (HA) and saliva-coated HA discs treated with and without SPBPs were evaluated against Streptococcus gordonii.RESULTS: Ten unique SPBPs were identified using the phage display. One of these peptides, SPBP 10 (NSAAVRAYSPPS), exhibited significant binding to the in vitro salivary pellicle which was neither influenced by calcium ions, nor affected by up to 0.5% Tween-20. Its antifouling property against S. gordonii was significantly higher on the treated surfaces than on untreated surfaces.CONCLUSIONS: Use of the phage display library enabled us to find a specific SPBP with antifouling property towards S. gordonii.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Bacterial Adhesion', 'Bacterial Proteins', 'Bacteriophages', 'Biofilms', 'Dental Pellicle', 'Durapatite', 'Humans', 'Saliva', 'Salivary Proteins and Peptides', 'Streptococcus gordonii']
| 24,607,635
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['G06.099.050'], ['D12.776.097'], ['B04.123'], ['A20.593', 'G06.120'], ['A14.549.167.900.255.500'], ['D01.029.260.700.675.374.075.025.300.150', 'D01.146.360.050.300.200', 'D01.578.122.477.300', 'D01.695.625.675.650.075.025.300.150'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A12.200.666'], ['D12.644.848', 'D12.776.850'], ['B03.353.750.737.872.260', 'B03.510.400.800.872.260', 'B03.510.550.737.872.260']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Ideal cardiovascular health metrics and its association with 20-year cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in a Chinese population.
|
BACKGROUND: The American Heart Association (AHA) developed a simplified assessment tool based on seven ideal cardiovascular health (CVH) metrics, but the relationship between the AHA defined ideal CVH metrics and cardiovascular risk in Chinese population has not been well estimated.METHODS: The baseline survey were conducted among 938 Chinese men and women from four urban and rural population samples in China, aged 35-59 years in 1983-1984. The cohort was followed up for multiple cardiovascular endpoints up to 2005. Cox proportional hazard models were used to test the associations accounting for multiple covariates. Outcomes were collected in 1987-2005 and data analysed in 2017.RESULTS: During a median of 20.3 years follow-up, 68 non-fatal CVD events and 139 deaths (29 CVD deaths) occurred. The multivariable adjusted HRs and 95% CIs for all CVD in the groups with three and 4-7 ideal CVH metrics were 0.59 (95% CI 0.33 to 1.04) and 0.24 (95% CI 0.12 to 0.47), when the group with 0-2 ideal CVH metrics as the reference. Results also showed that participants with 4-7 ideal CVH metrics had a 54% (95% CI 24% to 72%) lower risk of all-cause mortality in comparison with those with 0-2 ideal metrics.CONCLUSIONS: The number of ideal CVH metrics was inversely associated with the risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in this Chinese general population.
|
['Adult', 'Cardiovascular Diseases', 'China', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Health Surveys', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Proportional Hazards Models', 'Prospective Studies', 'Risk Assessment']
| 29,653,994
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['C14'], ['Z01.252.474.164'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['E05.318.308.980.438', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.740.500.700', 'E05.318.740.600.700', 'E05.318.740.750.725', 'E05.318.740.998.825', 'E05.599.835.900', 'N05.715.360.750.530.650', 'N05.715.360.750.625.650', 'N05.715.360.750.695.650', 'N05.715.360.750.795.825', 'N06.850.520.830.500.700', 'N06.850.520.830.600.700', 'N06.850.520.830.750.725', 'N06.850.520.830.998.912'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.715', 'N04.452.871.715', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.690', 'N06.850.505.715', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.715']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Exploration of the Effect and Mechanism of ShenQi Compound in a Spontaneous Diabetic Rat Model.
|
BACKGROUND: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a world-wide metabolic disease with no cure from drugs and treatment. In China, The Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) herbal formulations have been used to treat T2DM for centuries.METHODS: In this study, we proposed a formula called ShenQi Compound (SQC), which has been used in clinical therapeutics in China for several years. We evaluated the effect of SQC in a spontaneous diabetic rat model (GK rats) by detecting a series of blood indicators and performing histological observations. Meanwhile, the gene microarray and RT-qPCR experiments were used to explore the molecular mechanism of SQC treatment. In addition, western medicine, sitagliptin was employed as a comparison.RESULTS: The results indicated that SQC and sitagliptin could effectively improve the serum lipid (blood Total Cholesterol (TC) and blood Triglycerides (TG)), hormone levels (serum insulin (INS), Glucagon (GC) and Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 (GLP-1)), alleviated the inflammatory response (hypersensitive C-Reactive Protein (hsCRP)), blood glucose fluctuation (Mean Blood Glucose (MBG), standard deviation of blood glucose (SDBG) and Largest Amplitude of plasma Glucose Excursions (LAGE)), pancreatic tissue damage and vascular injury for T2DM. Compared with sitagliptin, SQC achieved a better effect on blood glucose fluctuation (p<0.01). Meanwhile, the gene microarray and RT-qPCR experiments indicated that SQC and sitagliptin may improve the T2DM through affecting the biological functions related to apoptosis and circadian rhythm. Moreover, SQC might be able to influence the mTOR signaling pathway by regulating Pik3r1, Ddit4 expression.CONCLUSION: All these results indicate that SQC is an effective therapeutic drug on T2DM. Notably, SQC presents an obvious blood glucose fluctuation-preventing ability, which might be derived from the regulation of the mTOR signaling pathway.
|
['Animals', 'Blood Glucose', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2', 'Diabetic Nephropathies', 'Drugs, Chinese Herbal', 'Gene Expression Profiling', 'Male', 'Medicine, Chinese Traditional', 'Microarray Analysis', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Sitagliptin Phosphate']
| 30,799,801
|
[['B01.050'], ['D09.947.875.359.448.500'], ['C18.452.394.750.074', 'C19.246.240', 'E05.598.500.374'], ['C18.452.394.750.149', 'C19.246.300'], ['C12.777.419.192', 'C13.351.968.419.192', 'C19.246.099.875'], ['D20.215.784.500.350', 'D26.335'], ['E05.393.332'], ['E02.190.488.585.520', 'I01.076.201.450.654.558.520'], ['E05.588.570'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900'], ['D03.383.129.799.725', 'D03.383.679.875']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Human urinary bladder carcinoma cell line (T24) in long-term culture: chromosomal studies on a wild population and derived sublines.
|
Karyotype changes of human urinary bladder carcinoma T24 cell line were studied in the course of 5-year in vitro cultivation. It has been found that the modal number of chromosomes gradually shifted from hypotetraploidy to triploidy during long-term cultivation. The number of endoreduplications was decreasing simultaneously and minute chromosomes occurring in a number of 4--5 in early passages appeared only rarely in later passages. Using conventional Giemsa staining, persistent marker chromosomes were detected in the wild population as well as in the eight sublines derived from T24 cells by cloning. The marker chromosomes were: metacentrics, subtelocentrics, telocentrics and long acrocentrics. Occasionally, there were found dicentrics, double-minutes, breaks and pulverization. The most characteristic marker was the metacentric chromosome the length of which corresponded approximately to the arm length of the chromosome No. 1. The metacentric chromosome in a number of 1--3 was present in 100% of T24 cells of the wild population and derived sublines at all passage levels examined.
|
['Cell Line', 'Chromosome Aberrations', 'Chromosomes', 'Clone Cells', 'Culture Techniques', 'Humans', 'Karyotyping', 'Urinary Bladder Neoplasms']
| 895,941
|
[['A11.251.210'], ['C23.550.210', 'G05.365.590.175'], ['A11.284.187', 'A11.284.430.106.279.345.190', 'G05.360.162'], ['A11.251.353'], ['E05.481.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.385.315', 'E05.200.500.385.315', 'E05.242.385.315', 'E05.393.285.475'], ['C04.588.945.947.960', 'C12.758.820.968', 'C12.777.829.813', 'C13.351.937.820.945', 'C13.351.968.829.707']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Protection against Staphylococcus aureus Colonization and Infection by B- and T-Cell-Mediated Mechanisms.
|
Staphylococcus aureus is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. S. aureus colonizes 20 to 80% of humans at any one time and causes a variety of illnesses. Strains that are resistant to common antibiotics further complicate management. S. aureus vaccine development has been unsuccessful so far, largely due to the incomplete understanding of the mechanisms of protection against this pathogen. Here, we studied the role of different aspects of adaptive immunity induced by an S. aureus vaccine in protection against S. aureus bacteremia, dermonecrosis, skin abscess, and gastrointestinal (GI) colonization. We show that, depending on the challenge model, the contributions of vaccine-induced S. aureus-specific antibody and Th1 and Th17 responses to protection are different: antibodies play a major role in reducing mortality during S. aureus bacteremia, whereas Th1 or Th17 responses are essential for prevention of S. aureus skin abscesses and the clearance of bacteria from the GI tract. Both antibody- and T-cell-mediated mechanisms contribute to prevention of S. aureus dermonecrosis. Engagement of all three immune pathways results in the most robust protection under each pathological condition. Therefore, our results suggest that eliciting multipronged humoral and cellular responses to S. aureus antigens may be critical to achieve effective and comprehensive immune defense against this pathogen.IMPORTANCE S. aureus is a leading cause of healthcare- and community-associated bacterial infections. S. aureus causes various illnesses, including bacteremia, meningitis, endocarditis, pneumonia, osteomyelitis, sepsis, and skin and soft tissue infections. S. aureus colonizes between 20 and 80% of humans; carriers are at increased risk for infection and transmission to others. The spread of multidrug-resistant strains limits antibiotic treatment options. Vaccine development against S. aureus has been unsuccessful to date, likely due to an inadequate understanding about the mechanisms of immune defense against this pathogen. The significance of our work is in illustrating the necessity of generating multipronged B-cell, Th1-, and Th17-mediated responses to S. aureus antigens in conferring enhanced and broad protection against S. aureus invasive infection, skin and soft tissue infection, and mucosal colonization. Our work thus, provides important insights for future vaccine development against this pathogen.
|
['Adaptive Immunity', 'Animals', 'Antibodies, Bacterial', 'Bacteremia', 'Female', 'Gastrointestinal Tract', 'Immunity, Humoral', 'Immunization, Passive', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Necrosis', 'Skin', 'Soft Tissue Infections', 'Staphylococcal Infections', 'Staphylococcal Vaccines', 'Staphylococcus aureus', 'Th1 Cells', 'Th17 Cells']
| 30,327,437
|
[['G12.450.050'], ['B01.050'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.107', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.125', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.125'], ['C01.150.252.100', 'C01.757.100', 'C23.550.470.790.500.100'], ['A03.556'], ['G12.450.050.420'], ['E02.095.465.425.400.330', 'E05.478.550.520'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['C23.550.717'], ['A17.815'], ['C01.820'], ['C01.150.252.410.868'], ['D20.215.894.135.744'], ['B03.300.390.400.800.750.100', 'B03.353.500.750.750.100', 'B03.510.100.750.750.100', 'B03.510.400.790.750.100'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.550.500.400.900', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.200.400.900', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.500.400.900', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.550.500.400.500', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.200.400.500', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.500.400.500', 'A15.382.490.555.567.550.500.400.900', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.200.400.900', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.500.400.900'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.550.500.400.915', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.200.400.915', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.500.400.915', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.550.500.400.770', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.200.400.770', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.500.400.770', 'A15.382.490.555.567.550.500.400.915', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.200.400.915', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.500.400.915']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Effects of antepartal stress on health status during early motherhood.
|
A group of high-risk women who were hospitalized for a pregnancy-risk complication, and a group of low-risk women experiencing normal pregnancy were compared for differences in health status and the effects of antepartal stress on their health status from pregnancy through early motherhood. High-risk women reported a statistically significant poorer health status during pregnancy, early postpartal hospitalization, and at eight months following birth. High-risk women reported greater stress from negative life events in addition to their greater pregnancy risk. Among both groups of women, negative life events' stress had indirect effects on health status over time through either self-esteem, family functioning, mate relationships or perceived support. The effects of a high-risk pregnancy on health status were evident at eight months following birth; high-risk women's feelings about their pregnancy and the extent of stress from hospitalization had direct effects on their health status, while negative life events had indirect effects.
|
['Adult', 'Female', 'Health Status', 'Humans', 'Models, Psychological', 'Mothers', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Pregnancy', 'Pregnancy Complications', 'Risk Factors', 'Stress, Psychological']
| 2,237,000
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['I01.240.425', 'N01.224.425', 'N06.850.505.400.425'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.599.695'], ['F01.829.263.500.320.200', 'I01.880.853.150.500.340.270', 'M01.620.630'], ['E05.318.370.800.650', 'N05.715.360.325.700.640', 'N06.850.520.445.800.650'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['C13.703'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['F01.145.126.990', 'F02.830.900']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Magnetic Polyurea Nano-Capsules Synthesized via Interfacial Polymerization in Inverse Nano-Emulsion.
|
Polyurea (PU) nano-capsules have received voluminous interest in various fields due to their biocompatibility, high mechanical properties, and surface functionality. By incorporating magnetic nanoparticle (MNPs) into the polyurea system, the attributes of both PU and MNPs can be combined. In this work, we describe a facile and quick method for preparing magnetic polyurea nano-capsules. Encapsulation of ionic liquid-modified magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs), with polyurea nano-capsules (PU NCs) having an average size of 5-20 nm was carried out through interfacial polycondensation between amine and isocyanate monomers in inverse nano-emulsion (water-in-oil). The desired magnetic PU NCs were obtained utilizing toluene and triple-distilled water as continuous and dispersed phases respectively, polymeric non-ionic surfactant cetyl polyethyleneglycol/polypropyleneglycol-10/1 dimethicone (ABIL EM 90), diethylenetriamine, ethylenediamine diphenylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate, and various percentages of the ionic liquid-modified MNPs. High loading of the ionic liquid-modified MNPs up to 11 wt% with respect to the dispersed aqueous phase was encapsulated. The magnetic PU NCs were probed using various analytical instruments including electron microscopy, infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and nuclear magnetic spectroscopy. This unequivocally manifested the successful synthesis of core-shell polyurea nano-capsules even without utilizing osmotic pressure agents, and confirmed the presence of high loading of MNPs in the core.
|
['DEET', 'Drug Compounding', 'Emulsions', 'Isocyanates', 'Magnetite Nanoparticles', 'Nanocapsules', 'Particle Size', 'Polyamines', 'Polymerization', 'Polymers', 'Toluene', 'Trimethylsilyl Compounds']
| 31,340,486
|
[['D02.065.277.194', 'D02.241.223.100.100.230', 'D02.455.426.559.389.127.085.230'], ['E05.916.270'], ['D20.280.260', 'D26.255.165.260'], ['D02.500'], ['J01.637.512.600.500.144.500'], ['D26.255.260.575', 'E02.319.300.380.575', 'J01.637.512.600.575'], ['G02.712'], ['D02.092.782'], ['G02.750'], ['D05.750', 'D25.720', 'J01.637.051.720'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.832'], ['D02.756.715']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Direct Comparison of Amino Acid and Salt Interactions with Double-Stranded and Single-Stranded DNA from Explicit-Solvent Molecular Dynamics Simulations.
|
Given the ubiquitous nature of protein-DNA interactions, it is important to understand the interaction thermodynamics of individual amino acid side chains for DNA. One way to assess these preferences is to perform molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Here we report MD simulations of 20 amino acid side chain analogs interacting simultaneously with both a 70-base-pair double-stranded DNA and with a 70-nucleotide single-stranded DNA. The relative preferences of the amino acid side chains for dsDNA and ssDNA match well with values deduced from crystallographic analyses of protein-DNA complexes. The estimated apparent free energies of interaction for ssDNA, on the other hand, correlate well with previous simulation values reported for interactions with isolated nucleobases, and with experimental values reported for interactions with guanosine. Comparisons of the interactions with dsDNA and ssDNA indicate that, with the exception of the positively charged side chains, all types of amino acid side chain interact more favorably with ssDNA, with intercalation of aromatic and aliphatic side chains being especially notable. Analysis of the data on a base-by-base basis indicates that positively charged side chains, as well as sodium ions, preferentially bind to cytosine in ssDNA, and that negatively charged side chains, and chloride ions, preferentially bind to guanine in ssDNA. These latter observations provide a novel explanation for the lower salt dependence of DNA duplex stability in GC-rich sequences relative to AT-rich sequences.
|
['Amino Acids', 'DNA', 'Molecular Dynamics Simulation', 'Salts', 'Solvents', 'Thermodynamics']
| 28,288,277
|
[['D12.125'], ['D13.444.308'], ['E05.599.595.500', 'G02.111.570.895', 'L01.224.160.500'], ['D01.786'], ['D27.720.844'], ['G01.906']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The silk moth Bombyx mori U1 and U2 snRNA variants are differentially expressed.
|
Five U1 and eight U2 isoforms of the silk moth Bombyx mori exhibiting internal nucleotide differences have been previously identified and characterized in various tissues and developmental stages. In this investigation, it is demonstrated that the levels of some snRNA variants differ in egg and silk gland tissue and change during development. Qualitative and quantitative differences in the U1 and U2 variant populations were observed at three developmental points (early, middle and late) of the silk gland (SG) during the fifth instar larval stage of the silk moth. Statistical analyses of the various isoform populations across the fifth instar larval and egg stages show significant differences for some of the U1 and U2 variants. The representation of variant sequences in expressed U1 and U2 sequences (RT-PCR libraries) and in a whole-genome shotgun (WGS) assembly database was confirmed. In addition, conserved elements in the promoter 5'-flanking region of the U1 and U2 variants were identified in the WGS.
|
['Animals', 'Base Sequence', 'Bombyx', 'Chi-Square Distribution', 'DNA', 'DNA, Complementary', 'Databases, Nucleic Acid', 'Gene Expression Profiling', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental', 'Gene Library', 'Genetic Variation', 'Genome', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Promoter Regions, Genetic', 'RNA, Small Nuclear', 'Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Sequence Alignment', 'Sequence Analysis, DNA', 'Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid']
| 15,894,437
|
[['B01.050'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['B01.050.500.131.617.720.500.500.937.650.100'], ['E05.318.740.994.300', 'G17.820.300', 'N05.715.360.750.750.200', 'N06.850.520.830.994.300'], ['D13.444.308'], ['D13.444.308.497.220', 'D13.444.600.223.500', 'D27.720.470.530.600.223.260'], ['L01.313.500.750.300.188.400.300.500', 'L01.313.500.750.300.188.400.325.630', 'L01.470.750.750.300.500', 'L01.470.750.750.325.630'], ['E05.393.332'], ['G05.308.310'], ['G05.360.325'], ['G05.365'], ['G05.360.340'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G02.111.570.080.689.675', 'G05.360.080.689.675', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.750.680'], ['D13.444.735.628.818', 'D13.444.735.790.552.937'], ['E05.393.620.500.725'], ['E05.393.751'], ['E05.393.760.700'], ['G02.111.810.550', 'G05.810.550']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Task difficulty modulates electrophysiological correlates of perceptual learning.
|
To investigate the influence of task difficulty on the neural mechanisms of visual perceptual learning, we recorded event-related potentials (ERPs) from human adults while they were trained with either an easy or a difficult orientation discrimination task. The discrimination thresholds of participants trained with the difficult task decreased after training, but thresholds of participants with the easy task did not. More importantly, although posterior N1 reduction and anterior P2 decrement were obtained in both conditions, only the difficult task training showed an enhancement in posterior P1, an increase in N2 and P3, and a broader scalp distribution of posterior N1 attenuation. These differences indicated that the difficult task training affected the early visual processing stage, the later ERP components, and the broader visual cortical regions, respectively. The results in the present study provide direct electrophysiological evidence for task difficulty modulation of perceptual learning-related neuroplasticity.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Analysis of Variance', 'Brain Mapping', 'Discrimination, Psychological', 'Electroencephalography', 'Evoked Potentials', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Learning', 'Male', 'Neuropsychological Tests', 'Orientation', 'Pattern Recognition, Visual', 'Photic Stimulation', 'Psychophysics', 'Reaction Time', 'Visual Perception', 'Young Adult']
| 19,969,030
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['E05.318.740.150', 'N05.715.360.750.125', 'N06.850.520.830.150'], ['E01.370.350.578.875.500', 'E01.370.376.537.625.500', 'E05.629.875.500'], ['F02.463.593.257'], ['E01.370.376.300', 'E01.370.405.245'], ['G07.265.216.500', 'G11.561.200.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F02.463.425', 'F02.784.629.529'], ['F04.711.513'], ['F01.058.577', 'F02.830.606'], ['F02.463.593.524.500', 'F02.463.593.932.622'], ['E05.723.729'], ['E01.370.685', 'F04.096.753'], ['E05.796.817', 'F02.830.650', 'F04.669.817', 'G11.561.677'], ['F02.463.593.932'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Controlled aggregates of magnetite nanoparticles for highly sensitive MR contrast agent.
|
We have prepared a magnetite encapsulated polymer nanocomposite (MEPN) by an emulsification-diffusion technique and found that the encapsulation efficiency could be precisely controlled according to the portion of magnetite and the capping ligand that covers the surface of the magnetite nanoparticles. The field-dependence and temperature dependence on magnetization, measured by a superconducting quantum interference device, demonstrate that there was no size effect of the magnetite nanoparticles on the encapsulation behavior. The size distribution and T2 relaxivity of prepared MEPNs were measured using magnetic resonance imaging for analysis of the effect of aggregation and it was verified that aggregates of the magnetite nanoparticles provide enhanced relaxation ability.
|
['Contrast Media', 'Crystallization', 'Ferrosoferric Oxide', 'Image Enhancement', 'Macromolecular Substances', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Materials Testing', 'Molecular Conformation', 'Nanoparticles', 'Nanotechnology', 'Particle Size', 'Surface Properties']
| 19,908,740
|
[['D27.505.259.500', 'D27.720.259'], ['E05.196.300', 'G02.171'], ['D01.490.100.375', 'D01.490.200.350', 'D01.578.285'], ['E01.370.350.600.350', 'L01.224.308.380'], ['D05'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['E05.570'], ['G02.111.570.820'], ['J01.637.512.600'], ['H01.603', 'J01.897.520.600'], ['G02.712'], ['G02.860']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Evaluating the use of ABBA-BABA statistics to locate introgressed loci.
|
Several methods have been proposed to test for introgression across genomes. One method tests for a genome-wide excess of shared derived alleles between taxa using Patterson's D statistic, but does not establish which loci show such an excess or whether the excess is due to introgression or ancestral population structure. Several recent studies have extended the use of D by applying the statistic to small genomic regions, rather than genome-wide. Here, we use simulations and whole-genome data from Heliconius butterflies to investigate the behavior of D in small genomic regions. We find that D is unreliable in this situation as it gives inflated values when effective population size is low, causing D outliers to cluster in genomic regions of reduced diversity. As an alternative, we propose a related statistic ƒ(d), a modified version of a statistic originally developed to estimate the genome-wide fraction of admixture. ƒ(d) is not subject to the same biases as D, and is better at identifying introgressed loci. Finally, we show that both D and ƒ(d) outliers tend to cluster in regions of low absolute divergence (d(XY)), which can confound a recently proposed test for differentiating introgression from shared ancestral variation at individual loci.
|
['Algorithms', 'Animals', 'Butterflies', 'Computer Simulation', 'Evolution, Molecular', 'Gene Flow', 'Genome, Insect', 'Models, Statistical']
| 25,246,699
|
[['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['B01.050'], ['B01.050.500.131.617.720.500.500.937.200'], ['L01.224.160'], ['G05.045.250', 'G16.075.250'], ['G05.330.159'], ['G05.360.340.357'], ['E05.318.740.500', 'E05.599.835', 'N05.715.360.750.530', 'N06.850.520.830.500']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
A novel class of small repetitive DNA sequences in Enterococcus faecalis.
|
The structural organization of Enterococcus faecalis repeats (EFAR) is described, palindromic DNA sequences identified in the genome of the Enterococcus faecalis V583 strain by in silico analyses. EFAR are a novel type of miniature insertion sequences, which vary in size from 42 to 650 bp. Length heterogeneity results from the variable assembly of 16 different sequence types. Most elements measure 170 bp, and can fold into peculiar L-shaped structures resulting from the folding of two independent stem-loop structures (SLSs). Homologous chromosomal regions lacking or containing EFAR sequences were identified by PCR among 20 E. faecalis clinical isolates of different genotypes. Sequencing of a representative set of 'empty' sites revealed that 24-37 bp-long sequences, unrelated to each other but all able to fold into SLSs, functioned as targets for the integration of EFAR. In the process, most of the SLS had been deleted, but part of the targeted stems had been retained at EFAR termini.
|
['Base Sequence', 'DNA, Bacterial', 'Enterococcus faecalis', 'Genome, Bacterial', 'Models, Genetic', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid', 'Sequence Analysis, DNA', 'Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid']
| 17,425,667
|
[['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['D13.444.308.212'], ['B03.353.750.250.250.280', 'B03.510.550.250.250.280'], ['G05.360.340.358.207'], ['E05.599.395.397'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G02.111.570.080.708', 'G05.360.080.708'], ['E05.393.760.700'], ['G02.111.810.550', 'G05.810.550']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Effect of indomethacin on fetal lung liquid formation.
|
Experiments were performed on seven anesthetized fetal sheep to evaluate involvement of metabolites of the cyclooxygenase system in lung liquid production. Rates of lung liquid production were determined by dye dilution technique using blue dextran. The control rate of formation of lung liquid in these preparations was 4.6 +/- 0.55 mL X kg-1 X h-1. Administration of indomethacin (1.85 mg/kg) intraarterially to fetuses resulted in a 60% decrease in the rate of formation of lung liquid. The present studies suggest an involvement of products of the cyclooxygenase system in controlling the rate of secretion of lung liquid in fetal animals.
|
['Animals', 'Body Water', 'Female', 'Fetus', 'Indomethacin', 'Lung', 'Pregnancy', 'Sheep']
| 6,713,279
|
[['B01.050'], ['A12.207.200'], ['A16.378'], ['D03.633.100.473.420'], ['A04.411'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.791']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The VGF-derived peptide TLQP62 produces antidepressant-like effects in mice via the BDNF/TrkB/CREB signaling pathway.
|
Recent studies demonstrate that the neuropeptide VGF (nonacronymic)-derived peptide is regulated in the hippocampus by antidepressant therapies. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), tropomyosin-related kinase B (TrkB), cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) signaling, and monoamine transmitter pathways mediate the behavioral effects of antidepressants, but it is not known if these pathways also contribute to the antidepressant-like effects of VGF-derived peptide TLQP62. Here the antidepressant-like effects of TLQP62 were evaluated by measuring immobility time in the forced swimming and tail suspension tests (FST and TST) following acute microinjection of the TLQP62 (0.25, 0.5 and 1 nmol/side) into the hippocampal CA1 regions. This treatment dose-dependently reduced immobility in the FST and TST compared to phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) infusion without affecting locomotor activity in the open field test (OFT). In addition, daily intrahippocampal microinfusion of TLQP62 (1 nmol/side/day; 21 days) also upregulated the expression of BDNF and the phosphorylation of CREB (pCREB) and TrkB (pTrkB) without altering CREB or TrkB. Blocking tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) by microinfusion of tPASTOP or TrkB activation by microinfusion of K252a 60 min prior to TLQP62 infusion almost completely abolished TLQP62-induced antidepressant-like effects, BDNF upregulation, and CREB/TrkB phosphorylation. In contrast, none of these effects were diminished by pretreatment with the non-specific 5-HT receptor antagonist metergoline, the selective 5-HT1A receptor antagonist NAN-190, the 5-HT synthase inhibitor parachlorophenylalanine, the selective á1-adrenoceptor antagonist prazosin, the â receptor antagonist propranolol, or the D2 receptor antagonist raclopride. Moreover, our study was also to investigate the antidepressant-like effects of TLQP62 (50, 250 and 500 nmol/kg; i.p.) on depression-related behaviors in comparison with fluoxetine (10mg/kg; i.p.). While TLQP62 and fluoxetine showed similar antidepressant-like behavioral effects in the FST of mice. Our present results strongly suggest that activation of BDNF/TrkB/CREB signaling may be involved in the antidepressant-like effects of TLQP62.
|
['Animals', 'Antidepressive Agents', 'Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor', 'Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein', 'Depressive Disorder', 'Hindlimb Suspension', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred ICR', 'Motor Activity', 'Neuropeptides', 'Peptides', 'Receptor, trkB', 'Signal Transduction', 'Stress, Psychological', 'Swimming']
| 24,631,486
|
[['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.427.700.122'], ['D12.644.276.860.100', 'D12.776.467.860.100', 'D12.776.631.600.100', 'D23.529.850.100'], ['D12.776.260.108.184', 'D12.776.930.127.184'], ['F03.600.300'], ['E05.472.760.370', 'E05.977.400', 'N06.230.150.440.950.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.510', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.510'], ['F01.145.632', 'G11.427.410.698'], ['D12.644.400', 'D12.776.631.650'], ['D12.644'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.400.700', 'D12.776.543.750.630.498', 'D12.776.543.750.750.400.550.600'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['F01.145.126.990', 'F02.830.900'], ['G11.427.410.568.800', 'G11.427.410.698.277.875', 'I03.350.875', 'I03.450.642.845.945.500']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
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