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A low-dose cytarabine, aclarubicin and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor priming regimen versus a daunorubicin plus cytarabine regimen as induction therapy for older patients with acute myeloid leukemia: A propensity score analysis.
|
This retrospective analysis compared the efficacy of intensive induction therapy consisting of daunorubicin and cytarabine (DNR-AraC) to that of less-intensive therapy including low-dose cytarabine, aclarubicin and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor priming (CAG). Patients aged 60 years or older who were newly diagnosed as acute myeloid leukemia (AML) were analyzed. Sixty-four and 48 patients were treated with DNR-AraC and CAG, respectively. The complete remission rates, 3-year overall survival and event-free survival in the DNR-AraC group were significantly superior to those in the CAG group (65.6% vs. 29.2%, p<0.001, 38.4% vs. 12.3%, p=0.0033, and 20.3% vs. 7.8%, p=0.0030, respectively), although these differences were not statistically significant in multivariate analyses. Next, we calculated a propensity score for selecting the CAG regimen from six factors. The DNR-AraC regimen was associated with better survival than the CAG regimen in a low propensity score group, but there was no difference in survival between regimens in a high propensity score group. Intensive therapy should be performed for patients with sufficient general and comorbid conditions, but less-intensive therapy may be sufficient for patients with higher age, myelodysplasia-related changes, and lower white blood cell counts, which were relevant factors in the propensity score calculation.
|
['Aclarubicin', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols', 'Cytarabine', 'Daunorubicin', 'Female', 'Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor', 'Humans', 'Induction Chemotherapy', 'Kaplan-Meier Estimate', 'Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Propensity Score', 'Proportional Hazards Models', 'Retrospective Studies']
| 26,790,727
|
[['D02.455.426.559.847.562.050.050', 'D04.615.562.050.050', 'D09.408.051.059.050'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['E02.183.750.500', 'E02.319.077.500', 'E02.319.310.037'], ['D03.383.742.680.245.453', 'D13.570.065.300', 'D13.570.685.245.453'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.562.050.200', 'D04.615.562.050.200', 'D09.408.051.059.200'], ['D12.644.276.374.410.240.350', 'D12.776.395.240.200', 'D12.776.467.374.410.240.350', 'D23.529.374.410.240.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.319.499', 'E02.860.500'], ['E05.318.740.998.650', 'N05.715.360.750.795.650', 'N06.850.520.830.998.650'], ['C04.557.337.539.275'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.740.600.675', 'N05.715.360.750.625.620', 'N06.850.520.830.600.650'], ['E05.318.740.500.700', 'E05.318.740.600.700', 'E05.318.740.750.725', 'E05.318.740.998.825', 'E05.599.835.900', 'N05.715.360.750.530.650', 'N05.715.360.750.625.650', 'N05.715.360.750.695.650', 'N05.715.360.750.795.825', 'N06.850.520.830.500.700', 'N06.850.520.830.600.700', 'N06.850.520.830.750.725', 'N06.850.520.830.998.912'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Neopterin plasma levels in burn patients.
|
Burn victims have severely depressed cellular immunity and despite careful hygiene, antibiotics and early surgical therapy the infection rate remains high. The assessment of plasma neopterin levels can be considered as an indirect measurement of macrophage function, because activation of macrophages is accompanied by the release of D-erythro-neopterin. The influence of burn trauma on neopterin levels was investigated to determine whether neopterin estimations might have a prognostic or diagnostic value. Twenty patients with a mean age of 36 +/- 16 years and a TBSA of 45.5 per cent +/- 23 were studied. During the whole hospital treatment daily blood samples were analysed for neopterin levels using radioimmunoassay. Starting from normal levels (9 +/- 1.6 nmol/l), neopterin content increased continuously until day 10 (30-40 nmol/l), then fluctuated around these high levels for several weeks. There were no differences between patients with TBSA less than 35 per cent or greater than 35 per cent, and between survivors and non-survivors. Burn injury caused a constant increase of plasma neopterin indicating an intact reaction by macrophages. It can be used as an additional parameter for the diagnosis of sepsis: high values being a sign of adequate reaction by macrophages, whereas low neopterin values in the presence of bacteraemia and clinical symptoms of sepsis show a deleterious impairment of immune functions.
|
['Adult', 'Bacteremia', 'Biopterin', 'Burns', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Immunity, Cellular', 'Macrophages', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neopterin', 'Prognosis']
| 1,642,764
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['C01.150.252.100', 'C01.757.100', 'C23.550.470.790.500.100'], ['D03.633.100.733.631.202', 'D08.211.090'], ['C26.200'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G12.450.050.400'], ['A11.329.372', 'A11.627.482', 'A11.733.397', 'A15.382.670.522', 'A15.382.680.397'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D03.633.100.733.631.202.500', 'D08.211.090.500'], ['E01.789']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Effects of peroxynitrite on pulmonary edema and the oxidative state.
|
Excess nitric oxide (NO) generation in the presence of superoxide anion (O2-) leads to the formation of peroxynitrite which may result in lung injury. Oxidant-mediated lung injury has a critical role in pulmonary diseases. We therefore determined whether peroxynitrite causes lung fluid accumulation, lipid peroxidation, and formation of nitrotyrosine using an isolated perfused rat lung model. The lung weight gain during bolus peroxynitrite infusion increased in a dose-dependent manner over a range of 3 to 30 mumole. Concomitantly, bronchoalveolar lavage Ficoll also increased, indicative of increased endothelial permeability. Peroxynitrite increased the production of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, an index of lipid peroxidation. Furthermore, nitrotyrosine levels in lung tissue rose with increased concentration of peroxynitrite, as determined by Western blot using antinitrotyrosine antibodies. These results suggest that peroxynitrite, formed from NO and O2-, leads to increased pulmonary fluid accumulation, possibly through lipid peroxidation and/or nitration of cell membrane proteins.
|
['Animals', 'Blotting, Western', 'Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Extravascular Lung Water', 'Lipid Peroxidation', 'Lung', 'Male', 'Nitrates', 'Organ Size', 'Perfusion', 'Pulmonary Edema', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances', 'Tyrosine']
| 10,914,333
|
[['B01.050'], ['E05.196.401.143', 'E05.301.300.096', 'E05.478.566.320.200', 'E05.601.262', 'E05.601.470.320.200'], ['E05.927.100.500'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['A12.207.270.300'], ['G02.111.515', 'G03.295.531.587'], ['A04.411'], ['D01.248.497.158.606', 'D01.625.525.550', 'D02.583'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.660', 'E05.041.124.715', 'G07.100.100.660', 'G07.345.249.690'], ['E05.680'], ['C08.381.742'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['D02.047.700.700', 'D27.720.470.410.750'], ['D12.125.072.050.875']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Stress changes the representational landscape: evidence from word segmentation.
|
Over the past couple of decades, research has established that infants are sensitive to the predominant stress pattern of their native language. However, the degree to which the stress pattern shapes infants' language development has yet to be fully determined. Whether stress is merely a cue to help organize the patterns of speech or whether it is an important part of the representation of speech sound sequences has still to be explored. Building on research in the areas of infant speech perception and segmentation, we asked how several months of exposure to the target language shapes infants' speech processing biases with respect to lexical stress. We hypothesize that infants represent stressed and unstressed syllables differently, and employed analyses of child-directed speech to show how this change to the representational landscape results in better distribution-based word segmentation as well as an advantage for stress-initial syllable sequences. A series of experiments then tested 9- and 7-month-old infants on their ability to use lexical stress without any other cues present to parse sequences from an artificial language. We found that infants adopted a stress-initial syllable strategy and that they appear to encode stress information as part of their proto-lexical representations. Together, the results of these studies suggest that stress information in the ambient language not only shapes how statistics are calculated over the speech input, but that it is also encoded in the representations of parsed speech sequences.
|
['Female', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Male', 'Speech Production Measurement', 'Stress, Psychological', 'Vocabulary']
| 15,996,560
|
[['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['E01.370.760'], ['F01.145.126.990', 'F02.830.900'], ['L01.559.598.901']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Identification of chaperonin particles in mammalian brain cytosol and of T-complex polypeptide 1 as one of their components.
|
An approximately 950-kDa heteromeric particle was purified from guinea-pig and rat brain by sucrose gradient fractionation of post-mitochondrial supernatants. Further purification, by affinity chromatography on ATP-Sepharose and anion exchange FPLC on MonoQ, yielded a particle with typical chaperonin ultrastructure. One of the component polypeptides was recognized by a monoclonal antibody to murine T-complex polypeptide 1. Brain cytosolic chaperonin particles formed a binary complex with unfolded tubulin subunits. The polypeptide compositions of the cytosolic chaperonin particles appeared very similar between brain and testicular tissues of the same animal, but differed subtly between the guinea-pig and rat.
|
['Animals', 'Antibodies, Monoclonal', 'Brain', 'Brain Chemistry', 'Centrifugation, Density Gradient', 'Chaperonin Containing TCP-1', 'Chaperonins', 'Chromatography, Affinity', 'Chromatography, Ion Exchange', 'Cytosol', 'Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional', 'Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel', 'Guinea Pigs', 'Macromolecular Substances', 'Male', 'Molecular Weight', 'Neurofilament Proteins', 'Proteins', 'Rats', 'Testis', 'Tubulin']
| 8,098,357
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224'], ['A08.186.211'], ['G02.111.150', 'G03.185'], ['E05.181.724.336', 'E05.196.941.336'], ['D08.811.277.040.025.142.750.500', 'D12.776.580.216.210.795.500'], ['D08.811.277.040.025.142', 'D12.776.580.216.210'], ['E05.196.181.400.170'], ['E05.196.181.400.383'], ['A11.284.430.214.200', 'A11.284.430.429.200', 'A11.284.835.450.200'], ['E05.196.401.250', 'E05.301.300.230'], ['E05.196.401.402', 'E05.301.300.319'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.550'], ['D05'], ['G02.494'], ['D05.750.078.593.630', 'D12.776.220.475.630', 'D12.776.631.630'], ['D12.776'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['A05.360.444.849', 'A05.360.576.782', 'A06.300.312.782'], ['D05.750.078.734.800', 'D12.776.220.600.800', 'D12.776.631.920']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Self-inflicted hand injuries: diagnostic challenge and treatment.
|
Self-inflicted injuries are probably more common than is generally appreciated. Three patients with self-inflicted hand injuries are described. A delay in making the correct diagnosis resulted in severe hand disability in 2 of the patients. Early diagnosis of this entity, combined with prompt psychotherapy, prevented disability in the third. The pertinent literature is reviewed and the importance of early diagnosis and psychotherapy is stressed.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Factitious Disorders', 'Female', 'Hand Injuries', 'Humans', 'Infections', 'Male', 'Self Mutilation', 'Skin Ulcer']
| 3,364,919
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['F03.875.375'], ['C26.448'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C01'], ['C26.780', 'F01.145.126.980.750'], ['C17.800.893']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Moxifloxacin Improves Treatment Outcomes in Patients with Ofloxacin-Resistant Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis.
|
It is unclear whether the use of moxifloxacin (MFX), a newer synthetic fluoroquinolone, results in better outcomes in patients with ofloxacin (OFX)-resistant multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). During the period from April 2006 to December 2013, a total of 2,511 patients with culture-confirmed tuberculosis (TB) were treated at a TB referral hospital in southern Taiwan. Of the 2,511 patients, 325 (12.9%) had MDR-TB, and of those 325 patients, 81 (24.9%) had OFX-resistant MDR-TB and were included in the study. Among the 81 patients with OFX-resistant MDR-TB, 50 (61.7%) were successfully treated and 31 (38.3%) had unfavorable outcomes, including treatment failure (n = 25; 30.9%), loss to follow-up (n = 2; 2.5%), and death (n = 4; 4.9%). Patients treated with MFX had a significantly higher rate of treatment success (77.3% versus 43.2%; odds ratio [OR] = 4.46, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.710 to 11.646, P = 0.002) than patients not treated with MFX, especially among those infected with MFX-susceptible isolates (40.7%) or isolates with low-level resistance to MFX (28.4%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that treatment with MFX (adjusted odds ratio = 6.54, 95% CI = 1.44 to 29.59, P = 0.015) was the only independent factor associated with treatment success. Mutation at codon 94 in the gyrA gene was the most frequent mutation (68.0%) associated with high-level MFX resistance. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis showed that treatment with MFX was also an independent factor associated with early culture conversion (hazard ratio = 3.12, 95% CI = 1.48 to 6.54, P = 0.003). Our results show that a significant proportion of OFX-resistant MDR-TB isolates were susceptible or had low-level resistance to MFX, indicating that patients with OFX-resistant MDR-TB benefit from treatment with MFX.
|
['Aged', 'Antitubercular Agents', 'DNA Gyrase', 'Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial', 'Female', 'Fluoroquinolones', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Microbial Sensitivity Tests', 'Middle Aged', 'Moxifloxacin', 'Mutation', 'Mycobacterium tuberculosis', 'Ofloxacin', 'Taiwan', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant']
| 27,216,062
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['D27.505.954.122.085.255'], ['D08.811.399.403.741.149', 'D12.776.097.237'], ['G06.099.225.812', 'G06.225.347.812', 'G07.690.773.984.269.347.812', 'G07.690.773.984.300.500'], ['D03.633.100.810.835.322'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.875.595', 'E05.200.875.595', 'E05.337.550.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D03.633.100.810.835.322.327'], ['G05.365.590'], ['B03.510.024.962.500.702', 'B03.510.460.400.410.552.552.702'], ['D03.633.100.810.835.322.500'], ['Z01.252.474.872', 'Z01.639.850'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['C01.150.252.410.040.552.846.775']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Neighborhood-level stroke hot spots within major United States cities.
|
OBJECTIVE: Identifying communities at high risk of stroke is an important step in improving systems of stroke care. Stroke is known to show spatial clustering at the state and county levels, but it is not known if clusters are present within city boundaries.METHODS: We performed a geospatial analysis of the prevalence of stroke within 500 major cities in the United States using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 500 Cities Project. For each city, we calculated the Moran's I statistic, which looks for evidence of spatial clustering, and used Monte Carlo simulation to assess for clustering significance.RESULTS: The mean overall crude prevalence of self-reported history of stroke at the city level was 2.8% (IQR 2.4-3.2%). Monte Carlo simulations of spatial patterns of stroke were successfully performed for 497 cities, of which 136 (27.3%) showed significant spatial clustering at the neighborhood level. All nine cities with more than one million inhabitants in 2010 showed significant spatial clustering.CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study to demonstrate that stroke shows clustering at the neighborhood level within many major cities in the United States and within all of the largest cities. Understanding where stroke clusters exist within cities can form the basis of optimizing emergency medical services deployment and improving systems of stroke care.
|
['Cities', 'Cohort Studies', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Geographic Mapping', 'Humans', 'Monte Carlo Method', 'Prevalence', 'Residence Characteristics', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Risk Factors', 'Socioeconomic Factors', 'Stroke', 'United States']
| 31,272,755
|
[['G16.500.275.069', 'N06.230.069', 'Z01.433'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['E05.318.389', 'E05.318.740.933.249', 'N05.715.360.750.746.249', 'N06.850.520.830.933.249'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.740.525', 'L01.906.394.422', 'N05.715.360.750.540', 'N06.850.520.830.525'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['N01.224.791', 'N06.850.505.400.800'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['I01.880.853.996', 'N01.824'], ['C10.228.140.300.775', 'C14.907.253.855'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Hydrogen bonding to the cysteine ligand of superoxide reductase: acid-base control of the reaction intermediates.
|
Superoxide reductase (SOR) is a non-heme iron metalloenzyme that detoxifies superoxide radical in microorganisms. Its active site consists of an unusual non-heme Fe(2+) center in a [His4Cys1] square pyramidal pentacoordination, with the axial cysteine ligand proposed to be an essential feature in catalysis. Two NH peptide groups from isoleucine 118 and histidine 119 establish hydrogen bonds involving the sulfur ligand (Desulfoarculus baarsii SOR numbering). To investigate the catalytic role of these hydrogen bonds, the isoleucine 118 residue of the SOR from Desulfoarculus baarsii was mutated into alanine, aspartate, or serine residues. Resonance Raman spectroscopy showed that the mutations specifically induced an increase of the strength of the Fe(3+)-S(Cys) and S-Câ(Cys) bonds as well as a change in conformation of the cysteinyl side chain, which was associated with the alteration of the NH hydrogen bonding involving the sulfur ligand. The effects of the isoleucine mutations on the reactivity of SOR with O2 (•-) were investigated by pulse radiolysis. These studies showed that the mutations induced a specific increase of the pK a of the first reaction intermediate, recently proposed to be an Fe(2+)-O2 (•-) species. These data were supported by density functional theory calculations conducted on three models of the Fe(2+)-O2 (•-) intermediate, with one, two, or no hydrogen bonds involving the sulfur ligand. Our results demonstrated that the hydrogen bonds between the NH (peptide) and the cysteine ligand tightly control the rate of protonation of the Fe(2+)-O2 (•-) reaction intermediate to form an Fe(3+)-OOH species.
|
['Catalytic Domain', 'Cysteine', 'Hydrogen Bonding', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Ligands', 'Models, Molecular', 'Mutagenesis, Site-Directed', 'Mutation', 'Oxidation-Reduction', 'Oxidoreductases', 'Proteobacteria', 'Quantum Theory']
| 23,917,995
|
[['G02.111.570.120.704', 'G02.111.570.820.709.275.750.188'], ['D02.886.030.230', 'D02.886.489.155', 'D12.125.154.299', 'D12.125.166.230'], ['G02.282'], ['G02.300'], ['D27.720.470.480'], ['E05.599.595'], ['E05.393.420.601.575'], ['G05.365.590'], ['G02.700', 'G03.295.531'], ['D08.811.682'], ['B03.660'], ['H01.671.579.800']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Validation of an analytical method for the determination of carbadox and olaquindox in feedstuff by liquid chromatography coupled to UV and/or diode array detection.
|
The performance characteristics of an analytical method based on high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for the detection of the banned growth promoters, carbadox and olaquindox, in feedstuff were determined via a collaborative study. The relative standard deviation of repeatability (RSDr) ranged 1.1-5.5% for carbadox and 2.5-6.2% for olaquindox. The relative standard deviation of reproducibility (RSDR) ranged 6.4-10.7% for carbadox and 12.8-20.0% for olaquindox. In all cases, the HORRAT values were equal or below the critical value of 1.5. Moreover, trueness in all cases was between the acceptance limits of 80 and 110%. Consequently, it was concluded that the method is suitable for quantitative evaluation. The method was also qualitatively assessed in terms of correct identification of the target analytes by examination of the UV spectrum when the more specific diode array detector was coupled to HPLC. In all cases, the percentage of correct identifications was >or=94% for olaquindox and carbadox, while the percentage of false negatives was <or=6%, suggesting the extended utilization of the HPLC method from quantitative to confirmatory status with a diode array detector.
|
['Animal Feed', 'Animals', 'Animals, Domestic', 'Carbadox', 'Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'Drug and Narcotic Control', 'Food Analysis', 'Food Contamination', 'Growth Substances', 'Quinoxalines', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet']
| 17,852,387
|
[['G07.203.300.300.100', 'J02.500.300.100'], ['B01.050'], ['B01.050.050.116'], ['D02.241.081.251.140', 'D03.633.100.857.140'], ['E05.196.181.400.300'], ['I01.880.604.605.250', 'N03.706.615.402.250', 'N04.452.706.310'], ['E05.362', 'J01.576.423.850.100'], ['J01.576.423.850.730.500.249', 'N06.850.460.400', 'N06.850.601.500.249'], ['D27.505.696.377'], ['D03.633.100.857'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['E05.196.712.726.802', 'E05.196.867.826.802']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Short communication: intermediate prevalence of HIV type 1 primary antiretroviral resistance in Cear? State, Northeast Brazil.
|
Brazil is a large developing country where almost all FDA-licensed antiretrovirals are made available to more than 200,000 individuals under antiretroviral treatment. General primary HIV-1 resistance in Brazil is assumed to be low, but data are scarce, especially in the Northeast region. To evaluate the prevalence of primary HIV-1 antiretroviral resistance in the state of Cear?, Brazil, a cross-sectional prospective study of antiretroviral-naive HIV-1-infected individuals was performed between May 2008 and May 2009. Genomic sequences of reverse transcriptase and protease regions of the pol gene of HIV-1 using PCR products were obtained. Mutations related to resistance to NRTI, NNRTI, and PI were evaluated according to the WHO mutation list for primary resistance surveillance, which excludes common polymorphisms. Seventy-four individuals were evaluated (50% male) with a median age 30 years; 55.4% were men who have sex with men. Median CD4(+) T lymphocyte counts were 418 and 960 cells/mm(3) and the median viral loads were 4.41 and 4.46 log(10) RNA copies/ml for individuals older and younger that 18 years, respectively. Twenty-seven percent of patients were symptomatic. Five patients (6.8%) were recently infected, as detected by the BED test. The mutations 41L, 67N, 215D, 219Q, 101E, and 103N in the RT and 32I, 46I, 54V, 82T, and 90M, in the PR were identified in 9.5% of samples, more frequently in HIV subtype B (85.1%). A significant level of primary HIV resistance was detected in urban Northeast Brazil, a region geographically distant from the more highly populated and wealthier areas of Southeast Brazil, and this emphasizes the need for monitoring resistance in the studied area.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Brazil', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Drug Resistance, Viral', 'HIV-1', 'Homosexuality, Male', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Mutation', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Prospective Studies']
| 20,929,346
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['Z01.107.757.176'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['G06.225.420', 'G06.920.225', 'G07.690.773.984.269.420'], ['B04.820.650.589.650.350.400'], ['F01.145.802.975.500.600', 'G08.686.867.500.600'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G05.365.590'], ['E05.393.620.500'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
A comparison of MMPI profiles for state and private disability insurance applicants.
|
The use of the MMPI in predicting successful rehabilitation outcomes has met with limited success. Because the motives of a disability insurance applicant may differ greatly from a disability insurance recipient, disability applicants were investigated. The MMPI scores of state disability applicants and private industrial insurance applicants were compared to a control group. Positive outcomes of test taking was possible for all three groups. Significant group differences were found for scales F, Hs, D, Hy, Pd, Pa, Pt, Sc, and Ma. Significant sex differences were found for scales Hs, D, Hy, Mf, Pt, and Sc.
|
['Adult', 'Disabled Persons', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Insurance Benefits', 'MMPI', 'Male', 'Motivation', 'Personality Disorders', 'Prognosis', 'Rehabilitation, Vocational', 'Sick Role', 'Social Security', "Workers' Compensation"]
| 6,233,415
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.150'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N03.219.521.576.130'], ['F04.711.647.513.607'], ['F01.658', 'F01.752.543.500.750'], ['F03.675'], ['E01.789'], ['E02.760.169.063.500.782', 'E02.831.782', 'N02.421.784.644'], ['F01.829.316.616.751'], ['N03.219.521.346.506.849', 'N03.219.521.576.823'], ['N03.219.521.346.866', 'N03.219.521.576.300.900']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Extended Pleurectomy and Decortication for Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma Is an Effective and Safe Cytoreductive Surgery in the Elderly.
|
BACKGROUND: A survival advantage has been observed among patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma undergoing maximal cytoreductive surgery and adjuvant therapy. Elderly patients are considered higher risk for these radical operations and are commonly not offered surgical treatment. We reviewed our experience with extended pleurectomy and decortication among patients 70 years or older and compared them with a cohort of younger patients undergoing extended pleurectomy and decortication for malignant pleural mesothelioma.METHODS: We performed a retrospective review of 117 consecutive patients undergoing extended pleurectomy and decortication at a university hospital from January 2008 to December 2013. Patients 70 years and older were compared with younger patients for postoperative outcome and survival. Survival was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method.RESULTS: Fifty-four patients were 70 years or older; 63 were younger than 70 years. Older patients had more hypertension (71.2% versus 45.2%; p = 0.004) and coronary artery disease (22.6% versus 6.5%; p = 0.006). Major complications occurred in 3 patients (5.5%) in the older group and in 7 patients (11.1%) of the younger group (not significant). There were 2 deaths in each group after surgery (3.7% older versus 3.2% younger; not significant). Median survival was 15.6 months in the older patients and 14.0 months in the younger patients (not significant). Kaplan-Meier survival curves based on age groups were not significantly different with 1- and 2-year survivals of 64% versus 55% and 29% versus 32%, respectively.CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrates that whereas age may be associated with more comorbid conditions in patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma undergoing extended pleurectomy and decortication, this does not necessarily translate into increased operative morbidity or mortality or shorter long-term survival.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Cytoreduction Surgical Procedures', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Lung Neoplasms', 'Male', 'Mesothelioma', 'Mesothelioma, Malignant', 'Middle Aged', 'Pleura', 'Pleural Neoplasms', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Survival Rate', 'Thoracic Surgical Procedures', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 26,319,490
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['E04.166'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.588.894.797.520', 'C08.381.540', 'C08.785.520'], ['C04.557.470.035.510', 'C04.557.470.660.510'], ['C04.557.470.035.510.757', 'C04.557.470.660.510.757', 'C04.588.894.797.520.173', 'C04.588.894.797.640.350', 'C08.381.540.144', 'C08.785.520.124', 'C08.785.640.350'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['A04.716', 'A10.615.789.736'], ['C04.588.894.797.640', 'C08.528.694', 'C08.785.640'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.900', 'N01.224.935.698.826', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.900', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.900'], ['E04.928'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Apoptosis and its pathway in early post-implantation embryos of diabetic rats.
|
It has been reported that diabetes-induced inappropriate apoptosis in embryos during neurulation may be one of the mechanisms leading to neural tube defects. We studied apoptosis and the apoptotic pathway occurring in early post-implantation period embryos of non-diabetic and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. In quantitative RT-PCR, bax mRNA was constantly expressed to similar degree in embryos of non-diabetic and diabetic rats, while the expression of bcl-2 mRNA was significantly decreased in diabetic rat embryos compared to non-diabetic rat embryos. The increased number of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated nick end labeling (TUNEL)-positive cells occurred selectively in the primitive brains of diabetic rat embryos compared to non-diabetic rat embryos. Immunohistochemical studies revealed that, in mirror sections, the staining of Bax and activated caspase-3 were observed in the TUNEL-positive cell area, but the expression of Bcl-2 in these apoptotic cells was generally too low to be detected. These results suggest that a Bax-regulated mitochondrial cytochrome c-mediated caspase-3 activation pathway might be involved in the diabetic embryopathy.
|
['Animals', 'Apoptosis', 'Caspase 3', 'Caspases', 'Cytochromes c', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental', 'Embryo, Mammalian', 'Embryonic Development', 'Female', 'Genes, bcl-2', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'In Situ Nick-End Labeling', 'Pregnancy', 'Pregnancy in Diabetics', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'bcl-2-Associated X Protein']
| 15,649,569
|
[['B01.050'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['D08.811.277.656.262.500.126.350.300', 'D08.811.277.656.300.200.126.350.300', 'D12.644.360.075.405.350.300', 'D12.776.476.075.405.350.300'], ['D08.811.277.656.262.500.126', 'D08.811.277.656.300.200.126', 'D12.644.360.075.405', 'D12.776.476.075.405'], ['D08.244.286.100', 'D12.776.422.220.286.100'], ['C18.452.394.750.074', 'C19.246.240', 'E05.598.500.374'], ['A16.254'], ['G07.345.500.325.180', 'G08.686.784.170.104'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.375.500.791.150'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['E05.393.475'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['C13.703.726'], ['D12.644.360.075.718', 'D12.776.476.075.718', 'D12.776.624.664.700.169'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900'], ['E05.393.620.500.725'], ['D12.644.360.075.718.400', 'D12.776.476.075.718.400']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Two-step biohydrometallurgical technology of copper-zinc concentrate processing as an opportunity to reduce negative impacts on the environment.
|
Polymetallic concentrates obtained during ore beneficiation pose a significant problem for the mining and metallurgy industry due to an increase in load on subsequent comminution steps and a high loss of metals in slag during smelting. Storage of such slag can lead to pollution of groundwater due to weathering. Biohydrometallurgy is an option for the processing of sulfidic raw materials that has a low impact on the environment. Processing of sulfidic concentrates of copper-zinc ore via bioleaching techniques was studied in this paper. Three mixed microbial cultures of acidophilic microorganisms were enriched from industrial mining sites: two autotrophic mesophilic cultures containing Acidithiobacillus ferroxidans and Leptospirillum spp. (grown at 30 and 35 °C), and a mixotrophic moderate thermophilic culture containing Sulfobacillus thermotolerans, Leptospirillum ferriphilum, as well as the archaea Ferroplasma acidiphilum and Acidiplasma spp. (grown at 40 °C). The autotrophic microbial culture growing at 30 °C was used to generate an iron-containing biosolution for ferric leaching of a copper-zinc concentrate. Zinc and iron extracted into solution faster than copper during high-temperature (80 °C) ferric leaching of the concentrate due to galvanic interactions between minerals, redox conditions of the medium, and differences between mineral oxidation mechanisms. Weight loss of the leach residue was 34.0%, with relative copper content increased by 1.0%, zinc content decreased by 6.18%, and iron content decreased by 15.1%. Biooxidation of ferrous iron in the pregnant leach solution by three microbial cultures was also studied. The most effective culture was moderate thermophilic. The results of studies on the bioregeneration of leaching solutions are relevant to the development of a two-step biohydrometallurgical technology for processing of copper-zinc concentrate with a closed cycle of technological flows. The ferrous iron biooxidation rate by the moderate thermophilic culture reached 20 g L-1 day-1. The leach residue obtained can be considered a high-grade copper concentrate able to be processed via smelting. This bioleaching process would make it possible to reduce pollution of groundwater by some toxic metals stored in slags. An environmentally friendly technology flow sheet for copper-zinc sulfidic ore processing using two-step bioleaching treatment was proposed.
|
['Acidithiobacillus', 'Archaea', 'Copper', 'Iron', 'Metallurgy', 'Oxidation-Reduction', 'Zinc']
| 30,121,463
|
[['B03.440.400.425.103', 'B03.660.250.015'], ['B02'], ['D01.268.556.195', 'D01.268.956.170', 'D01.552.544.195'], ['D01.268.556.412', 'D01.268.956.287', 'D01.552.544.412'], ['J01.576.655.875.400'], ['G02.700', 'G03.295.531'], ['D01.268.556.940', 'D01.268.956.906', 'D01.552.544.940']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Stomahesive as a tracheostomy dressing.
|
Seven patients had occlusive stomahesive dressings placed on their tracheostomies. These patients were compared with four patients managed with standard tracheostomy care. Stomahesive was applied using a defined technique and all seven patients were followed until tracheostomy closure. The average duration of stomahesive care was 26 days and the dressings remained occlusive for an average of 4 days. Photographic evidence revealed that skin changes were less in patients treated with stomahesive dressings.
|
['Humans', 'Occlusive Dressings', 'Tissue Adhesives', 'Tracheotomy']
| 6,302,798
|
[['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E07.101.650'], ['D25.919', 'D27.720.102.919', 'E07.858.690.860', 'J01.637.051.919'], ['E04.580.907', 'E04.928.790']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[The prognostic value of dobutamine stress echocardiography. A long-term follow-up study].
|
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The prognostic value of dobutamine stress echocardiography in patients with suspected or known coronary heart disease has not exactly been assessed. Purpose of the study was the assessment of the prognostic value of DSE regarding cardiac events, especially in patients with a normal DSE finding.PATIENTS AND METHODS: 316 patients (168 men, 148 women, mean age 61 +/- 10 years), included in this follow-up study, underwent DSE between January 1994 and December 1996 to evaluate clinically suspected or known coronary heart disease. DSE was classified according to resting and stress echocardiography as either "normal-normal (NN)", "normal-ischemic (NI)", "abnormal-normal (AN)", "abnormal-ischemic (AI)" or "inconclusive (C)". Follow-up by telephone took place between June 1997 and April 1998. "Events" were survived myocardial infarction and death. "Interventions" were revascularisation procedures, either percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) with or without stenting or aortocoronary bypass surgery.RESULTS: In 161 patients, DSE was NN, NI in 27 patients, AN in 55 patients, AI in 54 patients and C in 19 patients. Mean follow-up duration was 28 months. Events occurred in 23 patients: survived myocardial infarction in 10, death in 13 persons. Interventions were carried out in 50 patients: PTCA with or without stenting in 19, aortocoronary bypass surgery in 31 persons. The event rate was significantly lower in patients with DSE classified as NN (P = 0.03 by log-rank) than in other groups. The intervention rate was significantly lower in the NN-group (P = 0.0001 by log-rank) than in the other groups, too.CONCLUSION: Patients with a normal rest echocardiography and DSE had a good prognosis in a long-term follow-up study.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Analysis of Variance', 'Cardiotonic Agents', 'Coronary Disease', 'Disease-Free Survival', 'Dobutamine', 'Echocardiography', 'Exercise Test', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Myocardial Ischemia', 'Prognosis', 'Prospective Studies', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Statistics, Nonparametric', 'Time Factors']
| 10,341,750
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['E05.318.740.150', 'N05.715.360.750.125', 'N06.850.520.830.150'], ['D27.505.954.411.222', 'D27.720.799.080'], ['C14.280.647.250', 'C14.907.585.250'], ['E01.789.800.190', 'E05.318.740.998.300', 'N04.761.559.590.800.190', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800.190', 'N05.715.360.750.795.300', 'N06.850.520.830.998.300'], ['D02.092.311.220', 'D02.092.471.683.410', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.175.220'], ['E01.370.350.130.750', 'E01.370.350.850.220', 'E01.370.370.380.220'], ['E01.370.370.380.250', 'E01.370.386.700.250', 'E05.333.250'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C14.280.647', 'C14.907.585'], ['E01.789'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.740.995', 'N05.715.360.750.760', 'N06.850.520.830.995'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
A B-cell mitogen from a pathogenic trypanosome is a eukaryotic proline racemase.
|
Lymphocyte polyclonal activation is a generalized mechanism of immune evasion among pathogens. In a mouse model of Trypanosoma cruzi infection (American trypanosomiasis), reduced levels of polyclonal lymphocyte responses correlate with resistance to infection and cardiopathy. We report here the characterization of a parasite protein with B-cell mitogenic properties in culture supernatants of infective forms, the cloning of the corresponding gene and the analysis of the biological properties of its product. We characterized the protein as a co-factor-independent proline racemase, and show that its expression as a cytoplasmic and/or membrane-associated protein is life-stage specific. Inhibition studies indicate that availability of the racemase active site is necessary for mitogenic activity. This is the first report to our knowledge of a eukaryotic amino acid racemase gene. Our findings have potential consequences for the development of new immune therapies and drug design against pathogens.
|
['Amino Acid Isomerases', 'Amino Acid Sequence', 'Animals', 'B-Lymphocytes', 'Base Sequence', 'Cloning, Molecular', 'DNA Primers', 'Genes, Protozoan', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Lymphocyte Activation', 'Mice', 'Mitogens', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Molecular Weight', 'Sequence Homology, Amino Acid', 'Trypanosoma cruzi']
| 10,932,226
|
[['D08.811.399.894.200'], ['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['B01.050'], ['A11.063.438', 'A11.118.637.555.567.562', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.562', 'A15.382.032.438', 'A15.382.490.555.567.562'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['E05.393.220'], ['D13.695.578.424.450.275', 'D27.720.470.530.600.223.600'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.396', 'G05.360.340.397.500'], ['E05.481'], ['E01.370.225.812.482', 'E05.200.812.482', 'E05.478.594.530', 'G12.450.050.400.545', 'G12.565'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['D27.505.519.593.624'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G02.494'], ['G02.111.810.200', 'G05.810.200'], ['B01.268.475.868.887.140']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Differentiating malingering balance disorder patients from healthy controls, compensated unilateral vestibular loss, and whiplash patients using stance and gait posturography.
|
Differentiating balance disorder patients who are malingering from those with organic balance disorders is difficult and costly. We used trunk sway measured during several stance and gait tasks in 18 patients suspected of malingering in order to differentiate these from 20 patients who had suffered unilateral vestibular loss 3 months earlier, 20 patients with documented whiplash injuries, and 34 healthy controls. Classification results ranged from 72 to 96% and were equally accurate for task or criteria variables based on 90% sway values. The tasks yielding the best discrimination were: standing with eyes closed on a foam and firm surface; standing with eyes open on a firm surface; standing on 1 leg; and walking tandem steps. The criteria yielding the best discrimination were: standing with eyes open on a firm surface; the difference between standing with eyes closed on foam and firm surfaces; the difference between walking tandem steps and standing on 1 leg with eyes open; and the difference between roll and pitch velocity when walking 8 tandem steps. We conclude that discriminating suspected malingering balance disorder patients is possible using variables or criteria based on objective measures of trunk sway during several stance and gait tasks.
|
['Adult', 'Diagnosis, Differential', 'Disability Evaluation', 'Electronystagmography', 'Expert Testimony', 'Female', 'Gait Disorders, Neurologic', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Malingering', 'Middle Aged', 'Postural Balance', 'Reference Values', 'Saccades', 'Skull Fractures', 'Vertigo', 'Vestibular Diseases', 'Vestibular Function Tests', 'Whiplash Injuries']
| 19,923,814
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E01.171'], ['E01.370.400'], ['E01.370.380.230.280', 'E01.370.382.900.280', 'E01.370.405.245.787.280', 'E01.370.405.260'], ['I01.880.604.583.232', 'N03.706.535.253'], ['C10.597.404', 'C23.888.592.413'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.145.126.925'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['F02.830.816.541.752', 'G07.888.750.500', 'G11.427.690', 'G11.561.790.541.595'], ['E05.978.810'], ['G14.350.500'], ['C10.900.300.918', 'C26.404.750', 'C26.915.300.745'], ['C09.218.568.900.883', 'C10.597.951', 'C23.888.592.958'], ['C09.218.568.900'], ['E01.370.382.900'], ['C26.700.500']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Extracellular vesicles derived from endometrial human mesenchymal stem cells enhance embryo yield and quality in an aged murine model†.
|
Advanced age is a risk factor undermining women's fertility. Hence, the optimization of assisted reproduction techniques is an interdisciplinary challenge that requires the improvement of in vitro culture systems. Here, we hypothesize that supplementation of embryo culture medium with extracellular vesicles from endometrial-derived mesenchymal stem cells (EV-endMSCs) may have a positive impact on the embryo competence of aged oocytes. In this work, 24 weeks old B6D2 female mice were used as egg donors and in vitro fertilization assays were performed using males from the same strain (8-12 weeks); the presumptive zygotes were incubated in the presence of 0, 10, 20, 40, or 80 ìg/ml of EV-endMSCs. The results from the proteomic analysis of EV-endMSCs and the classification by Reactome pathways allowed us to identify proteins closely related with the fertilization process. Moreover, in our aged murine model, the supplementation of the embryo culture medium with EV-endMSCs improved the developmental competence of the embryos as well as the total blastomere count. Finally, gene expression analysis of murine blastocysts showed significant changes on core genes related to cellular response to oxidative stress, metabolism, placentation, and trophectoderm/inner cell mass formation. In summary, we demonstrate that EV-endMSCs increase the quality of the embryos, and according to proteomic and genomic analysis, presumably by modulating the expression of antioxidant enzymes and promoting pluripotent activity. Therefore, EV-endMSCs could be a valuable tool in human assisted reproduction improving the developmental competence of aged oocytes and increasing the odds of implantation and subsequent delivery.
|
['Animals', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Cellular Senescence', 'Coculture Techniques', 'Embryo Culture Techniques', 'Embryo, Mammalian', 'Endometrium', 'Extracellular Vesicles', 'Female', 'Fertilization in Vitro', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Maternal Age', 'Mesenchymal Stem Cells', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Oocyte Retrieval', 'Oocytes', 'Quality Control']
| 30,596,891
|
[['B01.050'], ['A11.251'], ['G04.043'], ['E05.481.500.374'], ['E05.481.500.468'], ['A16.254'], ['A05.360.319.679.490'], ['A11.284.295.588'], ['E02.875.800.750', 'E05.820.800.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G08.686.560', 'N05.715.350.075.550', 'N06.850.490.250.550'], ['A11.329.830.500', 'A11.872.590.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['E02.875.800.976', 'E04.936.537.625', 'E05.820.800.976'], ['A05.360.490.690.680', 'A11.497.497.600'], ['J01.897.608']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
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Clinical significance of programmed death 1/programmed death ligand 1 pathway in gastric neuroendocrine carcinomas.
|
BACKGROUND: Recently, more and more studies have demonstrated the pivotal role of programmed death 1/programmed death ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) pathway in the immune evasion of tumors from the host immune system. However, the role of PD-1/PD-L1 pathway in gastric neuroendocrine carcinomas (G-NECs) remains unknown.AIM: To investigate the expression of PD-1/PD-L1 and role of PD-1/PD-L1 pathway in G-NECs, which occur rarely but are highly malignant and clinically defiant.METHODS: We investigated the expression of PD-L1 on tumor cells and PD-1+, CD8+, and FOXP3+ T cell infiltration by immunohistochemistry in 43 resected G-NEC tissue specimens. The copy number alterations of PD-L1 were assessed by qRT-PCR.RESULTS: Most of the G-NECs tumor cells exhibited a near-uniform expression pattern of PD-L1, while some showed a tumor-stromal interface enhanced pattern. Of the 43 G-NECs, 21 (48.8%) were classified as a high PD-L1 expression group, and the high expression of PD-L1 was associated with poor overall survival (OS). The high expression of PD-L1 was correlated with abundant PD-1+ tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) instead of CD8+ TILs and FOXP3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs). Our analysis also suggested that the infiltration of CD8+ TILs tended to be a favorable factor for OS, although the difference did not reach the statistical significance (P = 0.065). Meanwhile, PD-L1 was significantly overexpressed in cases with copy number gain as compared with those without.CONCLUSION: Our data demonstrated for the first time that high expression of PD-L1 in G-NECs is associated with a poor prognosis, while the high expression may be due to the copy number variation of PD-L1 gene or stimulation of TILs. These results provide a basis for the immunotherapy targeting PD-1/PD-L1 pathway in G-NECs.
|
['Aged', 'Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological', 'B7-H1 Antigen', 'Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine', 'DNA Copy Number Variations', 'Female', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic', 'Humans', 'Immunotherapy', 'Kaplan-Meier Estimate', 'Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor', 'Signal Transduction', 'Stomach', 'Stomach Neoplasms', 'Tumor Escape']
| 31,011,254
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['D27.505.954.248.384'], ['D12.776.465.625', 'D12.776.467.150.300', 'D12.776.543.095.300', 'D23.050.301.285.400', 'D23.529.168.300'], ['C04.557.465.625.650.240', 'C04.557.470.200.025.370', 'C04.557.580.625.650.240'], ['G05.365.795.297.500'], ['G05.308.370'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.095.465.425'], ['E05.318.740.998.650', 'N05.715.360.750.795.650', 'N06.850.520.830.998.650'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.650', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.650', 'A15.382.490.555.567.650'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D12.776.465.844', 'D12.776.543.750.705.222.875', 'D23.050.301.264.894.790', 'D23.101.100.894.790'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['A03.556.875.875'], ['C04.588.274.476.767', 'C06.301.371.767', 'C06.405.249.767', 'C06.405.748.789'], ['G12.900']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
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Differences between blood and liver aromatic DNA adduct formation.
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Aromatic DNA adducts in the livers and blood of grey mullet (Mugil sp.) have been monitored between 1993 and 1996 by the isolation of DNA and the postlabeling of the DNA adducts with 32P. The grey mullet were sampled from three well-characterised harbours, two in the northeastern Mediterranean and one in the northeastern Black Sea near Trabzon close to a site of aquaculture. One of the northeastern Mediterranean harbours was highly polluted with polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and was rich in inorganic nutrients. Larger grey mullet lived in this harbour than the other harbours and their livers possessed approximately 100 aromatic DNA adducts per 10(8) nucleotides. The livers from grey mullet in the other two harbours possessed < or = 25 aromatic DNA adducts per 10(8) nucleotides but these concentrations depended on a variety of factors. Blood cell being regenerated more rapidly than liver cells, it is found that generally the ratio of DNA adduct concentrations in piscine liver and blood will increase with the pollution of the surrounding marine environment. Fishes are acceptable models for the metabolism of xenobiotics and the associated formation of harmful aromatic DNA adducts in organisms.
|
['Animals', 'Carcinogens', 'DNA Adducts', 'Environmental Monitoring', 'Fishes', 'Liver', 'Phosphorus Radioisotopes', 'Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons', 'Seawater', 'Water Pollutants, Chemical']
| 11,341,698
|
[['B01.050'], ['D27.888.569.100'], ['D13.444.308.135', 'G05.200.104'], ['N06.850.460.350.080', 'N06.850.780.375'], ['B01.050.150.900.493'], ['A03.620'], ['D01.268.666.500.604', 'D01.496.669.604', 'D01.496.749.658'], ['D02.455.426.559.847', 'D04.615'], ['G16.500.275.725.500'], ['D27.888.284.903.655']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
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Bovine and ovine gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)-II ligand precursors and type II GnRH receptor genes are functionally inactivated.
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The decapeptide sequence of GnRH-II is conserved in all jawed vertebrate species studied to date. New data for cattle (Bos taurus) indicates a gene encoding GnRH-II decapeptide possessing arginine (codon: CGG) rather than tryptophan (TGG) at position three in the mature peptide. This substitution is unique. We confirmed the DNA sequence after cloning part of the bovine prepro-GnRH-II gene. Bovine GnRH-II peptide was synthesized and pharmacologically characterized. It did not bind to mammalian GnRH receptors expressed in different types of cell nor did it exhibit agonist or antagonist properties on types I or II GnRH receptors expressed in COS-7 cells. Bovine primers facilitated cloning of ovine GnRH-II DNA. A premature stop codon (TGA) replaces the expected tryptophan codon at position seven of GnRH-II in sheep DNA. Thus, both species possess prepro-GnRH-II genes encoding inactive peptides, as previously described for chimpanzee GnRH-II. The updated bovine type II GnRH receptor gene sequence revealed inactivation by frame shifts, premature stop codons, and nucleotide changes specifying nonconservative replacement of amino acid residues, similar to inactivation of sheep type II GnRH receptor. Spliced RNA transcripts from the disrupted receptor gene were not detected in bovine pituitary. In contrast, bovine prepro-GnRH-I and type I GnRH receptor genes are intact, encoding well-conserved protein sequences. These findings, and previous descriptions of inactivation of the human type II GnRH receptor and deletions of prepro-GnRH-II and type II GnRH receptor in laboratory rodents, suggest the GnRH-II system has been replaced by the GnRH-I system or is redundant in certain mammals.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Animals', 'Base Sequence', 'COS Cells', 'Cattle', 'Chlorocebus aethiops', 'Codon, Terminator', 'Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone', 'Humans', 'Inositol Phosphates', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Mutation', 'Protein Precursors', 'Receptors, LHRH', 'Sheep']
| 16,916,952
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['B01.050'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['A11.251.210.172.500', 'A11.329.228.220'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.199.120.126.110'], ['D13.444.735.544.355.250', 'G05.360.335.355.250', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.190.250'], ['D06.472.699.327.740.320', 'D12.644.400.400.740.320', 'D12.644.456.460', 'D12.644.548.365.740.320', 'D12.776.631.650.405.740.320'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D02.033.800.519.400', 'D09.853.519.400', 'D09.894.480'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G05.365.590'], ['D12.776.811'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.410', 'D12.776.543.750.720.600.460', 'D12.776.543.750.750.555.460', 'D12.776.543.750.750.700.460'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.791']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
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Photocleavage of a 2-nitrobenzyl linker bridging a fluorophore to the 5' end of DNA.
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Three single-stranded DNA molecules of different lengths were synthesized and characterized, each containing a fluorescent dye (6-carboxyfluorescein) connected to the 5' end via a photocleavable 2-nitrobenzyl linker and a biotin moiety at the 3' end. UV irradiation (lambda approximately 340 nm) of solutions containing these fluorescent DNA molecules caused the complete cleavage of the nitrobenzyl linker, separating the fluorophore from the DNA. The photocleavage products were characterized by HPLC and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization/time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Our experimental results indicated that the proximity of the chromophore 6-carboxyfluorescein to the 2-nitrobenzyl linker did not hinder the quantitative photocleavage of the linker in the DNA molecules. The biotin moiety allowed immobilization of the fluorescent DNA on streptavidin-coated glass chips. The photocleavage of the immobilized DNA was investigated directly by fluorescence spectroscopy. The results demonstrated that close to 80% of the fluorophore was removed from the immobilized DNA after UV irradiation at 340 nm. These results strongly support the application of the 2-nitrobenzyl moiety as an efficient photocleavable linker, connecting fluorescent probes to DNA molecules for a variety of biological analyses such as DNA sequencing by synthesis.
|
['Biotin', 'Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'Fluorescent Dyes', 'Oligonucleotides', 'Photolysis', 'Sequence Analysis, DNA', 'Ultraviolet Rays']
| 12,515,854
|
[['D03.383.129.308.080', 'D08.211.096'], ['E05.196.181.400.300'], ['D27.720.233.348', 'D27.720.470.410.505.500'], ['D13.695.578.424'], ['G02.740.685'], ['E05.393.760.700'], ['G01.358.500.505.650.891', 'G01.590.540.891', 'G01.750.250.650.891', 'G01.750.750.659', 'G01.750.770.578.891', 'G16.500.275.063.725.525.600', 'G16.500.750.775.525.600', 'N06.230.300.100.725.525.600']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Successful immunotherapy in a murine metastasizing fibrosarcoma model.
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Antigenic differences were demonstrated between the primary murine fibrosarcoma and its metastases. Immunization with irradiated primary tumor cells (TC) protected C57B1/6J mice against subsequent challenge with those cells, but not against challenge with cells from pulmonary metastases (PMC). Mice immunized with irradiated PMC were protected from challenge with those cells, but not against challenge with TC. Mice with fibrosarcomas produced by the injection of 5 X 10(3) cells from the primary tumor were treated by resection of the tumor-bearing limb (Amp), Amp plus cyclophosphamide (Amp + Cy), Amp plus primary TC (Amp + TC), Amp plus primary TC and from its metastatic variant (Amp + TC + PMC), and with combinations of the last two groups with Cy. Although Amp + Cy improved survival, no animal lived 100 days and metastases increased as compared to controls. Immunotherapy significantly improved survival and decreased pulmonary metastases. Antigen combinations from primary and metastatic tumors resulted in significantly better survival than did a single preparation only from TC. Chemotherapy did not enhance the results obtained with immunotherapy and surgery. Immunity conferred in long-term survivors was permanent.
|
['Animals', 'Antigens, Neoplasm', 'Cell Line', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Cyclophosphamide', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Fibrosarcoma', 'Immunotherapy', 'Liver Neoplasms', 'Lung Neoplasms', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL']
| 6,717,025
|
[['B01.050'], ['D23.050.285'], ['A11.251.210'], ['A11.251'], ['D02.455.526.728.650.730.243', 'D02.705.672.500.243'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['C04.557.450.565.590.350', 'C04.557.450.795.350'], ['E02.095.465.425'], ['C04.588.274.623', 'C06.301.623', 'C06.552.697'], ['C04.588.894.797.520', 'C08.381.540', 'C08.785.520'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Treatment failure with 2 g of azithromycin (extended-release formulation) in gonorrhoea in Japan caused by the international multidrug-resistant ST1407 strain of Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
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OBJECTIVES: Antimicrobial resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae is a major public health concern globally. We report the first verified treatment failure of gonorrhoea with 2 g of azithromycin (extended-release formulation) in Japan and characteristics of the corresponding N. gonorrhoeae isolates.METHODS: Pre- and post-treatment isolates (n = 4) were investigated by Etest for antimicrobial susceptibility. The isolates were examined for molecular epidemiology by multilocus sequence typing (MLST), N. gonorrhoeae multi-antigen sequence typing (NG-MAST) and multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA), and for the presence of azithromycin resistance determinants (23S rRNA gene mutations, erm genes and mtrR mutations).RESULTS: All isolates were resistant to azithromycin (MIC 4 mg/L) and ciprofloxacin, but remained susceptible to cefixime, ceftriaxone and spectinomycin. All isolates were assigned to MLST ST1901 and NG-MAST ST1407 and three of four isolates possessed MLVA profile 8-3-21-16-1. All isolates contained the previously described C2599T mutation (N. gonorrhoeae numbering) in all four 23S rRNA alleles and the previously described single-nucleotide (A) deletion in the mtrR promoter region.CONCLUSIONS: This verified treatment failure occurred in a patient infected with an MLST ST1901/NG-MAST ST1407 strain of N. gonorrhoeae. While this international strain commonly shows resistance or decreased susceptibility to multiple antimicrobials, including extended-spectrum cephalosporins, the strain reported here remained fully susceptible to the latter antimicrobials. Hence, two subtypes of azithromycin-resistant gonococcal MLST ST1901/NG-MAST ST1407 appear to have evolved and to be circulating in Japan. Azithromycin should not be recommended as a single antimicrobial for first-line empirical treatment of gonorrhoea.
|
['Adolescent', 'Anti-Bacterial Agents', 'Azithromycin', 'Bacterial Proteins', 'Bacterial Typing Techniques', 'Cefixime', 'Ceftriaxone', 'Ciprofloxacin', 'Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial', 'Female', 'Gonorrhea', 'Humans', 'Japan', 'Microbial Sensitivity Tests', 'Multilocus Sequence Typing', 'Neisseria gonorrhoeae', 'Promoter Regions, Genetic', 'RNA, Ribosomal, 23S', 'Repressor Proteins', 'Spectinomycin', 'Treatment Failure']
| 24,777,907
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['D27.505.954.122.085'], ['D02.540.576.500.992.050'], ['D12.776.097'], ['E01.370.225.875.150.125', 'E05.200.875.150.125'], ['D02.065.589.099.249.190.190.115', 'D02.886.665.074.190.190.115', 'D03.633.100.300.249.190.190.115'], ['D02.065.589.099.249.190.190.155', 'D02.886.665.074.190.190.155', 'D03.633.100.300.249.190.190.155'], ['D03.633.100.810.835.322.186'], ['G06.099.225.812', 'G06.225.347.812', 'G07.690.773.984.269.347.812', 'G07.690.773.984.300.500'], ['C01.150.252.400.625.275', 'C01.150.252.734.401', 'C01.221.812.281.401', 'C01.778.281.401', 'C12.294.668.281.401', 'C13.351.500.711.281.401'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.252.474.463', 'Z01.639.595'], ['E01.370.225.875.595', 'E05.200.875.595', 'E05.337.550.400'], ['E01.370.225.875.150.125.457.500', 'E05.200.875.150.125.457.500', 'E05.393.542.500', 'E05.393.760.700.650'], ['B03.440.400.425.550.550.474', 'B03.660.075.525.520.400'], ['G02.111.570.080.689.675', 'G05.360.080.689.675', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.750.680'], ['D13.444.735.686.680'], ['D12.776.260.703', 'D12.776.930.780'], ['D03.383.188.712', 'D03.633.300.835', 'D09.408.051.836'], ['E01.789.800.760', 'N04.761.559.590.800.760', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800.760']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Clinical outcome in 19 cats with clinical and magnetic resonance imaging diagnosis of ischaemic myelopathy (2000-2011).
|
Previous publications on ischaemic myelopathy in cats are limited to single case reports and small case series. The overall prognosis appears poor, with 42% of cats being euthanased. In this study the clinical outcome of 19 cats with a presumptive diagnosis of ischaemic myelopathy [based on clinical and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings] was evaluated retrospectively. The degree of neurological dysfunction at the time of presentation was similar to previously reported cases, ranging from ambulatory paresis to plegia with intact nociception. The most common lesion localisations (based on MRI) were to the C1-C5 (30%) and C6-T2 (30%) spinal cord segments, with the T3-L3 and L4-S1 spinal cord segments accounting for 25% and 15%, respectively. Potential inciting or predisposing causes for development of spinal infarction were identified in 12 cats, including physical exertion, trauma, general anaesthesia, renal disease, hyperthyroidism, hypertension and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. The median time to recovery of ambulation was 3.5 days (3-19 days). Four cats (21%) were euthanased within 2 months of diagnosis. The remaining 15 (79%) cats had a favourable outcome. Follow-up ranged from 6 months to 10 years and 4 months, with a median of 3 years and 1 month. Even when plegia was present at the time of presentation, all surviving cats with long-term, owner-derived follow-up were reported to return to a normal quality of life, suggesting that the long-term prognosis for recovery from presumed ischaemic myelopathy is favourable in the majority of cats.
|
['Animals', 'Cat Diseases', 'Cats', 'Female', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Spinal Cord Ischemia']
| 23,048,075
|
[['B01.050'], ['C22.180'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.377.750.250.125'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['C10.228.854.785.650', 'C14.907.790.550']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
In their own words: a model of healthy aging.
|
Many previous studies have assessed the aging process by measuring clinical and functional variables. To supplement that quantitative understanding, we asked older people what constitutes their health and contributes to it. Using grounded theory-type methods, we analyzed semi-structured interviews with 22 study subjects, who were randomly selected from among those whose reported perceived health differed from that predicted by a regression model constructed from data from a randomized trial of a primary care intervention. We focused on disparate cases to identify factors that best discriminate between more and less healthy aging. Interview questions targeted perceptions of health; well-being; valued abilities, activities, and relationships; social support; control; sense of coherence; and personal outlook. A model of healthy aging emerged. To these older people health meant going and doing something meaningful, which required four components: something worthwhile to do, balance between abilities and challenges, appropriate external resources, and personal attitudinal characteristics (e.g., positive attitude vs. "poor me"). By reframing healthy aging in older people's own terms, this model encourages interdisciplinary support of their desired goals and outcomes rather than only medical approaches to deficits and challenges.
|
['Adaptation, Psychological', 'Aged', 'Aging', 'Attitude', 'Female', 'Health Services Research', 'Health Status', 'Humans', 'Life Style', 'Male', 'Models, Theoretical']
| 11,522,138
|
[['F01.058'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['G07.345.124'], ['F01.100'], ['H01.770.644.145.360', 'N03.349.380', 'N05.425'], ['I01.240.425', 'N01.224.425', 'N06.850.505.400.425'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.829.458'], ['E05.599']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
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Carotid intimal medial thickness in human immunodeficiency virus-infected women: effects of protease inhibitor use, cardiac risk factors, and the metabolic syndrome.
|
CONTEXT: Little is known regarding carotid intimal medial thickness (IMT) in HIV-infected women and the risk factors for subclinical atherosclerosis in this population, including antiretroviral therapy and the metabolic syndrome.OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to assess carotid IMT in relationship to HIV status and antiretroviral therapy in HIV-infected women in comparison with healthy age- and body mass index (BMI)-matched control subjects.SETTING AND SUBJECTS: The study took place at an academic medical center and included 97 HIV-infected women compared with 86 age- and BMI-matched healthy control subjects.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: We assessed carotid IMT, metabolic syndrome, and risk factors for increased IMT.RESULTS: Carotid IMT was not increased in HIV-infected women [0.62 mm (0.57-0.68); median (IQR)] compared with non-HIV-infected women [0.61 mm (0.55-0.68)] matched for age and BMI (P = 0.07) but was increased significantly among HIV patients receiving a protease inhibitor (PI) [0.65 (0.59-0.71) mm] vs. non-PI-treated patients [0.61 (0.57-0.66) mm] (P < 0.05) and vs. control subjects [0.61 (0.55-0.68) mm] (P < 0.05). The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was significantly increased among the HIV-infected women compared with control subjects and particularly in PI- vs. non-PI-treated HIV patients (45 vs. 19%, P = 0.001). Metabolic syndrome score correlated with IMT among non-HIV patients but not among the HIV group. Individual risk factors most strongly associated with IMT in multivariate regression modeling in the control group were age and waist-to-hip ratio, and among the HIV group age and waist circumference.CONCLUSIONS: These data demonstrate increased carotid IMT in HIV-infected women receiving PI therapy, which may be due to associated metabolic abnormalities related to PI therapy or more direct effects of this medication class on the vasculature. Additional studies of the mechanisms by which PI uses results in subclinical atherosclerosis are needed.
|
['Adult', 'Anti-Retroviral Agents', 'Atherosclerosis', 'Biomarkers', 'Body Composition', 'Carotid Artery, Common', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Female', 'HIV Infections', 'Humans', 'Metabolic Syndrome', 'Middle Aged', 'Multivariate Analysis', 'Protease Inhibitors', 'Radiography', 'Risk Factors', 'Tunica Intima', 'Tunica Media']
| 17,003,092
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D27.505.954.122.388.077'], ['C14.907.137.126.307'], ['D23.101'], ['G02.111.130', 'G03.180', 'G07.100.049'], ['A07.015.114.186.200'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['C01.221.250.875', 'C01.221.812.640.400', 'C01.778.640.400', 'C01.925.782.815.616.400', 'C01.925.813.400', 'C20.673.480'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C18.452.394.968.500.570', 'C18.452.625'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.740.150.500', 'N05.715.360.750.125.500', 'N06.850.520.830.150.500'], ['D27.505.519.389.745'], ['E01.370.350.700'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['A07.015.700'], ['A07.015.733']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Lipidomic Profiling of the Olive (Olea europaea
|
Olives (Olea europaea L.) are classic ingredients in the Mediterranean diet with well-known health benefits, but their lipid composition has not been fully addressed. In this work, we characterised triacylglycerol (TAG) and polar lipid profiles of the olive pulp while using a complementary methodological approach that was based on solid-phase extraction to recover the neutral lipid (NL) and the polar lipid-rich fractions. The TAG profile was analysed in the NL-fraction by C30 reversed-phase liquid chromatography (LC) and the polar lipid profile by normal-phase hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC), with both being coupled to electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and ESI-MS/MS. This approach identified 71 TAG ions that were attributed to more than 350 molecular species, with fatty acyl chain lengths from C11:0 to C26:0, including different polyunsaturated acyl chains. The polar lipids included 107 molecular species that belonged to 11 lipid classes that comprised phospholipids, glyceroglycolipids, glycosphingolipids, and betaine lipids. In addition to polyunsaturated fatty acids, some of the phospholipids, glycolipids, and glycosphingolipids that were identified in the olive pulp have been described as biologically active molecules. Lipidomic phenotyping of the olive pulp has led to the discovery of compounds that will allow for a better assessment of its nutritional value and new applications of bioactive lipid components in this functional food.
|
['Chromatography, Liquid', 'Chromatography, Reverse-Phase', 'Fruit', 'Functional Food', 'Lipid Metabolism', 'Lipidomics', 'Lipids', 'Molecular Structure', 'Olea', 'Portugal', 'Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization', 'Tandem Mass Spectrometry', 'Triglycerides']
| 31,337,054
|
[['E05.196.181.400'], ['E05.196.181.400.495'], ['A18.024.500', 'G07.203.300.562', 'J02.500.562'], ['G07.203.300.572', 'J02.500.572'], ['G03.458'], ['H01.158.201.586.500', 'H01.158.273.180.599.500', 'H01.181.122.638.500'], ['D10'], ['G02.111.570', 'G02.466'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.583.640.666'], ['Z01.542.727'], ['E05.196.566.600'], ['E05.196.566.880'], ['D10.351.801']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
|
A simple and rapid method for the identification of cycling cells in freshly excised tumours.
|
Cytogenetic studies of fresh solid tumours are hampered by the small numbers of poor quality metaphases which are obtained through direct preparations. The proportion of cycling cells in freshly excised tumours have been identified by measuring the incorporation of the nucleoside analogue 5-bromo-2'deoxyuridine (BrUdR) into DNA. We have developed an immunochemical method using a mouse monoclonal antibody directed against BrUdR which stains nuclei of cells which have incorporated this nucleoside. Using this method, optimal culture conditions and harvest times may be identified, to provide greater numbers of high quality metaphases, suitable for karyotyping solid tumours.
|
['Antibodies, Monoclonal', 'Bromodeoxyuridine', 'Carcinoma', 'Cell Cycle', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Culture Media', 'DNA', 'Female', 'Flow Cytometry', 'Humans', 'Immunoenzyme Techniques', 'Ovarian Neoplasms', 'Staining and Labeling', 'Time Factors']
| 2,416,515
|
[['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224'], ['D03.383.742.680.852.300.150', 'D13.570.230.430.196', 'D13.570.685.852.300.150'], ['C04.557.470.200'], ['G04.144'], ['A11.251'], ['D27.720.470.305', 'E07.206'], ['D13.444.308'], ['E01.370.225.500.363.342', 'E01.370.225.500.386.350', 'E05.196.712.516.600.240.350', 'E05.200.500.363.342', 'E05.200.500.386.350', 'E05.242.363.342', 'E05.242.386.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.478.566.350', 'E05.478.583.400', 'E05.601.470.350'], ['C04.588.322.455', 'C13.351.500.056.630.705', 'C13.351.937.418.685', 'C19.344.410', 'C19.391.630.705'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.670', 'E01.370.225.750.600.670', 'E05.200.500.620.670', 'E05.200.750.600.670'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Template specificity of DNA-dependent RNA polymerase I and II for synthetic polynucleotides during development of the cellular slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum.
|
The template specificity of DNA-dependent RNA polymerases I and II (ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate : RNA nucleotidyltransferase [EC 2.7.7.6]) of Dictyostelium discoideum was investigated with several synthetic polynucleotides at three different stages of development. Both the enzymes exhibited several common characteristics for some templates, and distinctly different properties for other ones. Of single-stranded homopolymers, the strands of pyrimidine nucleotides were much transcribed in the order of poly(dC) greater than poly(dT). The double-stranded homopolymers, poly(dA). poly(dT)) and poly(dG).poly(dC) were transcribed asymmetrically, the pyrimidine-containing strand being preferentially read. Transcription of double-stranded alternating copolymers, poly([d(A-T)].poly[d(A-T)] and poly[d(G-C)].poly[d(g-C)] occurred to some extent. Except for poly(rC), all of the single-stranded ribonucleotide homopolymers were extremely poor as templates. The polynucleotides containing thymidine were more efficient templates for polymerase I than polymerase II. The enzyme activities of the two polymerases were more or less variable with some polynucleotides among three stages of development, suggesting the possibility that D. discoideum RNA polymerases tend to change their template specificity during development.
|
['DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases', 'Dictyostelium', 'Polydeoxyribonucleotides', 'RNA Polymerase I', 'RNA Polymerase II', 'Structure-Activity Relationship', 'Substrate Specificity', 'Templates, Genetic']
| 7,390,995
|
[['D08.811.913.696.445.735.270'], ['B01.046.550.200.300'], ['D13.695.578.500'], ['D08.811.913.696.445.735.270.750'], ['D08.811.913.696.445.735.270.762'], ['G02.111.830', 'G07.690.773.997'], ['G02.111.835'], ['G05.360.840']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Efficacy diacetylmorphine (pharmaceutical heroin) for heroin treatment ].
|
Before implementing the TADAM project in Belgium (a heroin-assisted treatment trial), our research team studied the trials in other countries. Since 1994, six randomised controlled trials have been developed using the same treatment model of heroin-assisted treatment (HAT). Each trial concluded that HAT had more efficacy than methadone treatment. We analysed those trials in order to find on which levels patients in a HAT treatment are expected to improve. Improvements appeared after at least six months on the level of street heroin use, (physical and mental) health and criminal behaviour. In the longer term, the continuation of treatment had positive but limited effects on the social level. Due to his higher cost, this treatment should remain a second-line treatment for this special target group: severe heroin addicts, using continuously street heroin in spite of a methadone treatment.
|
['Heroin', 'Heroin Dependence', 'Humans', 'Narcotics', 'Opiate Substitution Treatment', 'Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic']
| 21,287,763
|
[['D03.132.577.249.562.445', 'D03.605.497.607.490', 'D03.633.400.686.607.490', 'D04.615.723.795.576.445'], ['C25.775.643.500.400', 'F03.900.647.500.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D27.505.696.277.600', 'D27.505.696.663.850.014.760', 'D27.505.954.427.040.550', 'D27.505.954.427.210.600'], ['E02.319.620'], ['E05.318.372.250.250.365.500', 'N05.715.360.330.250.250.365.500', 'N06.850.520.450.250.250.365.500']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Imaging of brain and brain tumor specimens by time-resolved multiphoton excitation microscopy ex vivo.
|
Multiphoton excitation fluorescent microscopy is a laser-based technology that allows subcellular resolution of native tissues in situ. We have recently applied this technology to the structural and photochemical imaging of cultured glioma cells and experimental gliomas ex vivo. We demonstrated that high microanatomical definition of the tumor, invasion zone, and normal adjacent brain can be obtained down to single-cell resolution in unprocessed tissue blocks. In this study, we used multiphoton excitation and four-dimensional microscopy to generate fluorescence lifetime maps of the murine brain anatomy, experimental glioma tissue, and biopsy specimens of human glial tumors. In murine brain, cellular and noncellular elements of the normal anatomy were identified. Distinct excitation profiles and lifetimes of endogenous fluorophores were identified for specific brain regions. Intracranial grafts of human glioma cell lines in mouse brain were used to study the excitation profiles and fluorescence lifetimes of tumor cells and adjacent host brain. These studies demonstrated that normal brain and tumor could be distinguished on the basis of fluorescence intensity and fluorescence lifetime profiles. Human brain specimens and brain tumor biopsies were also analyzed by multiphoton microscopy, which demonstrated distinct excitation and lifetime profiles in glioma specimens and tumor-adjacent brain. This study demonstrates that multiphoton excitation of autofluorescence can distinguish tumor tissue and normal brain based on the intensity and lifetime of fluorescence. Further technical developments in this technology may provide a means for in situ tissue analysis, which might be used to detect residual tumor at the resection edge.
|
['Animals', 'Brain', 'Brain Neoplasms', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Glioma', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred Strains', 'Microscopy, Fluorescence, Multiphoton', 'Sensitivity and Specificity']
| 17,325,340
|
[['B01.050'], ['A08.186.211'], ['C04.588.614.250.195', 'C10.228.140.211', 'C10.551.240.250'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['C04.557.465.625.600.380', 'C04.557.470.670.380', 'C04.557.580.625.600.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400'], ['E01.370.350.515.458.500', 'E01.370.350.515.717.250', 'E05.595.458.500', 'E05.595.717.250'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Maladapted Prey Subsidize Predators and Facilitate Range Expansion.
|
Dispersal of prey from predator-free patches frequently supplies a trophic subsidy to predators by providing more prey than are produced locally. Prey arriving from predator-free patches might also have evolved weaker defenses against predators and thus enhance trophic subsidies by providing easily captured prey. Using local models assuming a linear or accelerating trade-off between defense and population growth rate, we demonstrate that immigration of undefended prey increased predator abundances and decreased defended prey through eco-evolutionary apparent competition. In individual-based models with spatial structure, explicit genetics, and gene flow along an environmental gradient, prey became maladapted to predators at the predator's range edge, and greater gene flow enhanced this maladaptation. The predator gained a subsidy from these easily captured prey, which enhanced its abundance, facilitated its persistence in marginal habitats, extended its range extent, and enhanced range shifts during environmental changes, such as climate change. Once the predator expanded, prey adapted to it and the advantage disappeared, resulting in an elastic predator range margin driven by eco-evolutionary dynamics. Overall, the results indicate a need to consider gene flow-induced maladaptation and species interactions as mutual forces that frequently determine ecological and evolutionary dynamics and patterns in nature.
|
['Adaptation, Biological', 'Animal Distribution', 'Animals', 'Biological Evolution', 'Climate Change', 'Computer Simulation', 'Gene Flow', 'Population Dynamics', 'Predatory Behavior']
| 31,490,731
|
[['G16.012'], ['F01.145.113.069', 'G16.049'], ['B01.050'], ['G05.045', 'G16.075'], ['G16.500.175.374'], ['L01.224.160'], ['G05.330.159'], ['I01.240.600', 'N01.224.625', 'N06.850.505.400.700'], ['F01.145.113.111.600', 'F01.145.113.252.520']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Protein expression changed by nicotine in rat vascular smooth muscle cells.
|
In order to observe the effects of nicotine on protein expression in rat vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs), nicotine treated SMCs were studied by proteomic technologies combining two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) and peptide mass fingerprinting (PMF). Real-time RT-PCR was used to validate the differentially expressed proteins. We found that 11 protein spots were significantly up-regulated and one down-regulated by nicotine treatment. The results of PMF showed that these up- and down-regulated proteins could be divided into three groups according to their functions: cytoskeleton proteins, regulatory proteins and enzymes. Simultaneously, we also verified their consistent alteration at the transcriptional level through real-time RT-PCR. The affected proteins turned out to be mainly associated with cell migration, proliferation and energy metabolism, and are responsible for nicotine-related cardiovascular damage.
|
['Animals', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Male', 'Mass Spectrometry', 'Muscle, Smooth, Vascular', 'Nicotine', 'Peptide Mapping', 'Proteins', 'Proteome', 'Proteomics', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Transcription, Genetic', 'Trypsin']
| 17,933,390
|
[['B01.050'], ['A11.251'], ['E05.196.401.250', 'E05.301.300.230'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['E05.196.566'], ['A02.633.570.491', 'A07.015.733.500', 'A10.690.467.491'], ['D03.132.760.570', 'D03.383.725.518'], ['E05.196.181.400.454.720', 'E05.196.401.319.720', 'E05.196.700', 'E05.393.760.705.685'], ['D12.776'], ['D12.776.817'], ['H01.158.201.843', 'H01.158.273.180.350.700', 'H01.158.273.343.350.700', 'H01.181.122.738'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['E05.393.620.500.725'], ['G02.111.873', 'G05.297.700'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.760.895', 'D08.811.277.656.959.350.895']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Human airway epithelial cells express interleukin-2 in vitro.
|
Human airway epithelial cells (AEC) produce the T cell growth factor interleukin (IL)-2 that likely modulates the T cell lung inflammatory response. IL-2 mRNA from cultured AEC and from Jurkat T cells was analyzed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Northern hybridization. IL-2 mRNA is present constitutively in AEC and is enhanced twofold after stimulation with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA; 20 ng/ml) + histamine (2 mM). Normal human AEC secrete IL-2 at rest (7 pg/ml), and IL-2 secretion is increased threefold after stimulation with PMA + histamine; this increase is inhibited by dexamethasone and diphenhydramine. Transcriptional regulation of IL-2 was investigated with a transgenic human AEC line, 16HBE/IL-2 luciferase; there is constitutive IL-2 transcription at rest, and IL-2 transcription is enhanced 8-fold by PMA and 25-fold by PMA + histamine. IL-2 regulation differs fundamentally between AEC and Jurkat T cells. AEC IL-2 likely promotes local proliferation of T cells and may contribute to pathological airway inflammation in asthma.
|
['Adult', 'Biological Assay', 'Bronchi', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay', 'Epithelial Cells', 'Epithelium', 'Female', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Humans', 'Interleukin-2', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'RNA, Messenger', 'T-Lymphocytes', 'Transcription, Genetic']
| 9,124,379
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E05.091'], ['A04.411.125'], ['A11.251'], ['E05.478.566.350.170', 'E05.478.566.380.360', 'E05.478.583.400.170', 'E05.601.470.350.170', 'E05.601.470.380.360'], ['A11.436'], ['A10.272'], ['G05.308'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.021', 'D12.644.276.374.480.372', 'D12.776.467.374.465.021', 'D12.776.467.374.480.372', 'D23.529.374.465.155', 'D23.529.374.480.372'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.569', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569'], ['G02.111.873', 'G05.297.700']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
[Correlation between hemoglobin F levels and single nucleotide polymorphism at BCL11A gene rs11886868 locus in â-thalassemia patients].
|
This study was aimed to analyze hemoglobin F (HbF) level and single nucleotide polymorphisms at rs11886868 locus of BCL11A gene in â-thalassemia patients, and to explore correlation between them. 89 mild â-thalassemia patients with known mutations were registered, and HbF levels were determined by capillary electrophoresis. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral leukocytes, fragment including rs11886868 locus in BCL11A gene was amplified by PCR, and polymorphism was determined by DNA sequencing. The results showed that 2 polymorphisms including C and T were found at rs11886868 locus in BCL11A gene among 89 mild â-thalassemia patients. HbF levels in red blood cells were (4.47 ± 3.42)% and (2.79 ± 2.21)% for â-thalassemia patients carrying C/C and C/T haplotypes, respectively. There was difference between 2 haplotype groups. It is concluded that the C and T polymorphisms are found at rs11886868 locus in the BCL11A gene for â-thalassemia patients. C polymorphism may be related to high HbF expression in red blood cells.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Carrier Proteins', 'Child', 'Female', 'Fetal Hemoglobin', 'Haplotypes', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Nuclear Proteins', 'Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide', 'Repressor Proteins', 'Young Adult', 'beta-Thalassemia']
| 22,739,175
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['D12.776.157'], ['M01.060.406'], ['D12.776.124.400.303', 'D12.776.422.316.762.320'], ['G05.380.360'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D12.776.660'], ['G05.365.795.598'], ['D12.776.260.703', 'D12.776.930.780'], ['M01.060.116.815'], ['C15.378.071.141.150.875.150', 'C15.378.420.826.150', 'C16.320.070.875.150', 'C16.320.365.826.150']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Cardiac output determination.
|
Critical care nurses frequently are involved in obtaining cardiac output measurements and in using these data to assess and to plan therapy. This article reviews the physiologic determinants of cardiac output and the clinical factors that influence these determinants. Principles and techniques of common methods of cardiac output measurement are discussed. A thorough presentation of guidelines for troubleshooting problems with thermodilution cardiac output measurement is provided in a table. Nursing management issues are discussed using relevant nursing research. Future considerations in cardiac output measurement are discussed, and suggestions of an ideal cardiac output system are provided.
|
['Cardiac Output', 'Critical Care', 'Humans', 'Monitoring, Physiologic', 'Nursing Assessment', 'Nursing Process']
| 8,452,746
|
[['E01.370.370.380.150', 'G09.330.380.124'], ['E02.760.190', 'N02.421.585.190'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.520'], ['N04.590.233.508.480'], ['N04.590.233.508']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Solid state grinding as a tool to aid enantiomeric resolution by cocrystallisation.
|
The formation of diastereomeric cocrystals of malic acid and tartaric acid was investigated by liquid-assisted grinding in the solid state. We demonstrate that racemic malic acid can be converted into two distinct diastereomeric cocrystal phases by grinding with a single enantiomer of tartaric acid.
|
['Crystallization', 'Crystallography, X-Ray', 'Malates', 'Molecular Conformation', 'Stereoisomerism', 'Tartrates']
| 23,073,186
|
[['E05.196.300', 'G02.171'], ['E05.196.309.742.225'], ['D02.241.081.337.463', 'D02.241.511.505'], ['G02.111.570.820'], ['G02.607.445.682'], ['D02.241.081.337.864', 'D02.241.081.844.759', 'D02.241.511.902.759', 'D09.811.779']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Methodology of the colorimetric determination of alkylating cytostatics with 4-(4'-nitrobenzyl)pyridine (NBP) in plasma].
|
The sensitivity of the colorimetric determination of alkylating cytostatics with 4-(4'-nitrobenzyl)pyridine (NBP) has been increased by modifying procedures described in the literature. This increase in sensitivity was accomplished as follows: --Precipitation of protein with absolute ethanol at degree C; --reduction of the sample volume by evaporating the ethanol extract in a nitrogen flow; --control of the optimum pH value by means of a micro-glass electrode; --meticulously timed working under cooling in a dimmed room. The total alkylating activity and the part of endogenously activated cyclophosphamide were determined in four patients.
|
['Alkylating Agents', 'Antineoplastic Agents', 'Colorimetry', 'Electrodes', 'Humans', 'Indicators and Reagents', 'Proteins', 'Pyridines']
| 7,163,361
|
[['D27.505.519.124', 'D27.888.569.035'], ['D27.505.954.248'], ['E05.196.922.250'], ['E07.305.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D27.720.470.410'], ['D12.776'], ['D03.383.725']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Incorporation of 14-c-1-glycine into tissue proteins under the influence of insulin and its derivatives].
|
Effect of parenterally injected insulin and its composite sulpho-A- and B-chains on the rate of protein synthesis by the organs of the rat was investigated. It has been shown that insulin accelerates the incorporation of I-C14-glycine into proteins of the liver, kidneys, pancreas, spleen, sceletal muscules, thyroid gland, thymus and adrenal glands but does not influence this process in the cardiac muscle and diaphragm. A- and B-chains also activated protein metabolism in some organs, but despite some specificity of their action its extent was more limited as compared to that of insulin.
|
['Adrenal Glands', 'Animals', 'Glycine', 'Insulin', 'Kidney', 'Liver', 'Male', 'Muscles', 'Organ Specificity', 'Pancreas', 'Protein Biosynthesis', 'Rats', 'Spleen', 'Thymus Gland', 'Thyroid Gland']
| 656,578
|
[['A06.300.071'], ['B01.050'], ['D12.125.481'], ['D06.472.699.587.200.500.625', 'D12.644.548.586.200.500.625'], ['A05.810.453'], ['A03.620'], ['A02.633', 'A10.690'], ['G07.650'], ['A03.734'], ['G02.111.660.871', 'G03.734.871', 'G05.297.670'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['A10.549.700', 'A15.382.520.604.700'], ['A10.549.750', 'A15.382.520.604.750'], ['A06.300.900']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
In vivo confocal microscopy of long-standing mixed-form vernal keratoconjunctivitis.
|
PURPOSE: To report the morphological characteristics of long-term mixed-form vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) using in vivo laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM).DESIGN: Descriptive case report.METHODS: In vivo LSCM was performed on a Chinese patient diagnosed as bilateral mixed-form VKC for 14 years. Central cornea, inferior limbus, bulbar conjunctiva, and upper tarsal conjunctiva of both eyes were examined.RESULTS: Infiltration of numerous dendritic cells and inflammatory cells in both bulbar conjunctiva and tarsal conjunctiva were identified under in vivo LSCM, along with proliferation of fibrous tissue in the conjunctival stroma and damage of Vogt palisades. Apart from abnormal appearance of corneal epithelial cells, the infiltration of dendritic cells was occasionally found in the cornea.CONCLUSIONS: In vivo LSCM is a useful tool to evaluate the morphology of VKC.
|
['Adult', 'Asian Continental Ancestry Group', 'Chronic Disease', 'Conjunctiva', 'Conjunctivitis, Allergic', 'Dendritic Cells', 'Epithelium, Corneal', 'Fibrosis', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Microscopy, Confocal']
| 20,818,997
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.686.508.200'], ['C23.550.291.500'], ['A09.371.060.200', 'A09.371.337.168'], ['C11.187.183.200', 'C20.543.480.200'], ['A11.066.270', 'A11.436.270', 'A15.382.066.270', 'A15.382.670.260'], ['A09.371.060.217.325', 'A10.272.510'], ['C23.550.355'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.515.395', 'E05.595.395']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Photodynamic damage by liposome-bound porphycenes: comparison between in vitro and in vivo models.
|
Photodynamic efficacy of four tetrakis (methoxyethyl) porphycene (TMPn) derivatives encapsulated in liposomes, was studied in vitro and in vivo. Fluorescence and absorption measurements were used to determine aggregation in dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine (DPPC) liposomes; no spectral changes were found when dissolving in an organic solution or in an aqueous dispersion of DPPC liposomes. This indicates that the porphycenes were located in the lipophilic bilayer of the liposomes. Fluorescence quenching experiments with I- showed, specifically, that porphycenes located in the liposome bilayer at various depths, according to the hydrophilicity of the porphycene side chains. Dose-response relations were established: increasing porphycene concentration or light dose enhanced the damage proportionally. In cultured MDCK cells, photodynamic damage was in accordance with location: a porphycene 'buried' inside the bilayer did not cause damage to the cell culture. PDT efficacy was tested also in vivo by the damage to blood vessels of the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of the fertilized chick embryo. Unlike in the in vitro case, the porphycene 'buried' inside the bilayer did cause significant photodynamic damage in vivo. This difference suggests that in vitro photodynamic action follows contact-mediated sensitizer transfer to cell membranes from liposomes, which remain distinct from cells, whereas in vivo the photosensitizer is delivered to tissue via fusion of liposomes with endothelial cell membranes.
|
['Absorption', 'Animals', 'Cell Line', 'Chorion', 'Dogs', 'Drug Carriers', 'Fluorescence', 'Liposomes', 'Molecular Structure', 'Photochemotherapy', 'Photosensitizing Agents', 'Porphyrins']
| 9,491,592
|
[['G01.015', 'G02.010', 'G03.015', 'G03.787.024', 'G07.690.725.015'], ['B01.050'], ['A11.251.210'], ['A10.615.284.473', 'A16.254.750.473'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.250.216.200'], ['D26.255.260', 'E02.319.300.380'], ['G01.358.500.505.650.665.500', 'G01.590.540.665.500'], ['D25.479.517', 'D26.255.260.517', 'J01.637.051.479.517', 'J01.637.087.500.517'], ['G02.111.570', 'G02.466'], ['E02.186.500', 'E02.319.685', 'E02.774.722'], ['D27.505.954.444.600', 'D27.505.954.600.710'], ['D03.383.129.578.840.500', 'D03.633.400.909.500', 'D04.345.783.500', 'D23.767.727']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Immunoproliferative small-intestinal disease: clinical features and outcome in 30 cases.
|
Experience with 30 patients with immunoproliferative small intestinal disease followed prospectively between 1971 and 1986 is described. All presented with malabsorption or growth retardation and had similar clinical, biochemical, and radiological features, irrespective of the presence of lymphoma or immunological abnormality. Alpha-chain disease protein was detected in 4 of the 11 patients who had a non-lymphomatous, predominantly plasmacytic infiltration of the small bowel; and in 5 of the 19 cases with diffuse intestinal lymphoma. The importance of exploratory laparotomy to include full-thickness intestinal biopsy in patients who have a benign infiltrate on peroral biopsy is demonstrated by the finding of lymphoma in operative specimens in 9 of 15 patients with mature, lymphoplasmacytic cells, and 5 of 8 patients with atypical, lymphoplasmacytic cells. The majority of patients with fully established benign disease, even those elaborating alpha-chain disease protein, appeared to have a good prognosis. No patient with immunoproliferative small intestinal disease developed immunologically demonstrated alpha-chain disease or frank lymphoma, when this was not found initially at explorative laparotomy.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Anemia', 'Biopsy', 'Blood Proteins', 'Child', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Immunoglobulins', 'Immunoproliferative Small Intestinal Disease', 'Intestinal Neoplasms', 'Intestine, Small', 'Lymphoma', 'Male']
| 3,683,173
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['C15.378.071'], ['E01.370.225.500.384.100', 'E01.370.225.998.054', 'E01.370.388.100', 'E04.074', 'E05.200.500.384.100', 'E05.200.998.054', 'E05.242.384.100'], ['D12.776.124'], ['M01.060.406'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.124.486.485', 'D12.776.124.790.651', 'D12.776.377.715.548'], ['C04.557.386.390', 'C06.301.371.411.512', 'C06.405.249.411.512', 'C06.405.469.491.505', 'C15.378.147.780.490.512', 'C15.604.515.435.512', 'C20.683.515.512', 'C20.683.780.490.512'], ['C04.588.274.476.411', 'C06.301.371.411', 'C06.405.249.411', 'C06.405.469.491'], ['A03.556.124.684'], ['C04.557.386', 'C15.604.515.569', 'C20.683.515.761']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
DNA-binding properties of gene-5 protein encoded by bacteriophage M 13. 1. The kinetics of the dissociation of gene-5-protein.polynucleotide complexes upon addition of salt.
|
The irreversible dissociation kinetics of complexes of M13-encoded gene-5 protein with the polynucleotides poly(dA) and M13 DNA was studied by means of stopped-flow experiments. A linear decay was found for all gene-5-protein.poly(dA) complexes and for the gene-5-protein.M13 DNA complexes for which the DNA lattice was completely saturated at the beginning of the dissociation experiments. Only at the end of the dissociation curve was a deviation from linearity observed. A single-exponential decay was found for the dissociation of gene-5-protein.M13 DNA complexes when the DNA was not completely saturated initially. These results could be interpreted by assuming that dissociation of bound protein is only possible from isolated binding sites, while during the dissociation, rearrangement of bound protein clusters takes place continuously, including the formation of newly isolated bound protein. This redistribution results from a translocation of the protein along the lattice, which, for the poly(dA) complex, is fast with respect to the dissociation step, but which is slow for the M13 DNA complex. During this process the equilibrium cluster distribution predicted by the theory of McGhee and Von Hippel is not maintained. The binding of gene-5 protein to poly(dA) or poly(dT) does not result in a broadening of the nucleotide resonances in the NMR spectra of these polynucleotides, as had been observed for E. coli DNA-binding protein and interpreted as an indication for a high rate of translocation of the protein on the polynucleotide. The absence of line broadening for gene-5-protein.polynucleotide complexes is caused by the high binding cooperativity. As a consequence the majority of the protein molecules are bound in a cluster which makes the concentration of isolated bound protein very low. This results in a decrease of the signal/noise ratio at higher degrees of binding, but does not lead to line broadening while fast translocation still occurs.
|
['Binding, Competitive', 'DNA, Viral', 'DNA-Binding Proteins', 'Kinetics', 'Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy', 'Mathematics', 'Poly A', 'Polydeoxyribonucleotides', 'Protein Binding', 'Salts', 'Viral Proteins']
| 3,262,510
|
[['E05.196.080', 'G02.111.084', 'G02.111.570.120.309'], ['D13.444.308.568'], ['D12.776.260'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['E05.196.867.519'], ['H01.548'], ['D13.695.578.550.500'], ['D13.695.578.500'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808'], ['D01.786'], ['D12.776.964']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
A retrospective job exposure matrix for estimating exposure to 2,3,7, 8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin.
|
BACKGROUND: A job exposure matrix was developed to estimate the 2,3, 7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin exposure of 3,538 workers who produced 2,4,5-trichlorophenol and its derivatives.METHODS: Daily TCDD exposure scores that were plant, process, and period specific were estimated for each job title as the product of 1) the concentration of TCDD (microg/g); 2) a qualitative factor to account for the extent of worker contact and 3) time exposed to TCDD contamination. Daily scores were summed to compute individual cumulative TCDD exposure scores.RESULTS: Daily TCDD exposure scores ranged from 0.001 to 1,250. Cumulative TCDD scores ranged from 0.002 to 1,559,430. The 393 workers with records of chloracne in the TCDD exposure cohort (11%) had markedly higher cumulative scores than those with no record of chloracne (a median score of 11,546 vs. 77).CONCLUSIONS: The cumulative TCDD exposure scores incorporate both duration and level of exposure, and permit the relative ranking of worker exposures for the evaluation of exposure-response relationships between TCDD exposure and mortality in an updated cohort study analysis.
|
['Algorithms', 'Cohort Studies', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Maximum Allowable Concentration', 'National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, U.S.', 'Occupational Diseases', 'Occupational Exposure', 'Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Risk Assessment', 'United States']
| 10,861,764
|
[['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N06.850.460.350.210', 'N06.850.460.350.600.615'], ['I01.409.418.750.600.650.200.520', 'N03.540.348.500.500.600.650.225.520'], ['C24'], ['N06.850.460.350.600'], ['D02.309.500.450', 'D03.633.300.786'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.715', 'N04.452.871.715', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.690', 'N06.850.505.715', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.715'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Diagnosis of intrahepatic stones: superiority of MR cholangiopancreatography over endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography.
|
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of MR cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) for the diagnosis of intrahepatic stones.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Of the 318 patients who underwent MRCP examinations at our institution during an 18-month period, we identified 49 patients who subsequently underwent surgery or cholangioscopic stone removal with proof of intrahepatic stones. Thirty-four of these patients also underwent ERCP; they made up our study population. All images were interpreted for the presence of bile duct stones: MRCP images were interpreted independently by two reviewers, and ERCP studies were interpreted by one reviewer who was unaware of the MRCP findings.RESULTS: The sensitivity and specificity of MRCP for detecting intrahepatic stones were 97% and 93%, respectively, whereas those of ERCP were 59% and 97%, respectively. MRCP showed a significantly higher sensitivity than ERCP in the diagnosis of intrahepatic stones (p < 0.001). We found no significant difference between MRCP and ERCP in sensitivity or specificity for detecting calculi in the common duct or gallbladder.CONCLUSION: MRCP is a more effective diagnostic method than ERCP for the evaluation of intrahepatic stones.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Bile Duct Diseases', 'Bile Ducts', 'Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic', 'Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde', 'Cholelithiasis', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Pancreas', 'Sensitivity and Specificity']
| 12,130,445
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C06.130.120'], ['A03.159.183'], ['A03.159.183.158', 'A03.620.150'], ['E01.370.350.700.715.200.200', 'E01.370.372.200.200', 'E01.370.372.250.200', 'E01.370.388.250.250.160', 'E04.210.240.160', 'E04.502.250.250.160'], ['C06.130.409'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['A03.734'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Development of the optic nerve of the rat.
|
Development of the rat optic nerve is studied electron microscopically. By marked bionecrosis, many neuroepithelial cells of the fissure portion of the optic stalk are eliminated immediately following optic cup formation. A small number of the surviving neuroepithelial cells forms the tubular optic stalk. The wall cells of the stalk elongate and proliferate to become a cluster of cells at the retrobulbar region. These cells differentiate into glia cells, astrocytes first and oligodendroglia cells second. Axons invade into the intercellular spaces of the elongating stalk cells which are differentiating into astrocytes. The invading axons are found first in the space at the basal portion of the stalk cells, or the peripheral zone of the optic nerve. Myelination occurs in the later stage of development. The fine processes of the oligodendroglia cells which surround groups of axons, eliminate the cytoplasm, and become the first myelin membrane.
|
['Animals', 'Astrocytes', 'Axons', 'Cell Differentiation', 'Endoplasmic Reticulum', 'Female', 'Intercellular Junctions', 'Meninges', 'Mitosis', 'Myelin Sheath', 'Nerve Fibers, Myelinated', 'Oligodendroglia', 'Optic Nerve', 'Pigment Epithelium of Eye', 'Pregnancy', 'Rats']
| 1,184,307
|
[['B01.050'], ['A08.637.200', 'A11.650.200'], ['A08.675.542.145', 'A11.284.180.075', 'A11.671.137', 'A11.671.501.145'], ['G04.152'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.248'], ['A11.284.149.165.420'], ['A08.186.566'], ['G04.144.220.220.781', 'G05.113.220.781'], ['A08.637.600.500', 'A08.637.800.500', 'A08.675.542.512.560', 'A08.800.800.690.500', 'A10.755.503', 'A11.284.149.165.600', 'A11.650.600.500', 'A11.650.800.500', 'A11.671.501.512.560', 'A11.671.514.553'], ['A08.675.542.512', 'A11.671.501.512', 'A11.671.514'], ['A08.637.600', 'A11.650.600'], ['A08.800.800.120.680'], ['A09.371.670', 'A10.272.640'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Acute effects of levosimendan on cerebral and systemic perfusion and oxygenation in newborns: an observational study.
|
BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular drugs play a major role in the pre- and postoperative care in neonates with congenital heart disease. Management strategies aim to optimise contractility, improve diastolic function, maintain adequate preload, and reduce afterload. Levosimendan, a novel inodilator agent, enhances myocardial contractility and causes peripheral and coronary vasodilation.OBJECTIVES: A systematic approach was used to evaluate the acute haemodynamic effects of levosimendan in critically ill infants with low cardiac output syndrome (LCOS).METHODS: Infants received a continuous infusion of levosimendan, at a dose increased stepwise (range 0.1-0.2 ìg/kg/min), during 48 h. Two near-infrared units were used to assess cerebral (frontal-parietal, c) and peripheral (thigh, p) perfusion and oxygenation. The changes in cerebral blood volume (ÄCBV), cerebral (cÄHbD) and peripheral (pÄHbD) intravascular oxygenation and the cerebral (cTOI) and peripheral (pTOI) tissue oxygenation index that followed levosimendan administration were continuously monitored. Blood pressure, heart rate, and temperature were continuously recorded. In addition, baseline and end-of-study pH, blood gases, lactate and haematocrit were determined.RESULTS: Seven doses of levosimendan were investigated. The mean study time was 13.3 (7-19) h. Levosimendan produced an increase in cÄHbD (p < 0.05) and pÄHbD (NS) and a decrease in heart rate (p < 0.001) and lactate (p < 0.05). Trends showed an increase in mean blood pressure (NS). These results were independent of the effect of time. Mixed linear model analysis identified blood pressure changes and levosimendan as factors independently associated with cÄHbD.CONCLUSIONS: Levosimendan improves cerebral and systemic perfusion and oxygenation in critically ill infants suffering from LCOS.
|
['Blood Pressure', 'Cardiac Output, Low', 'Cardiotonic Agents', 'Cerebrovascular Circulation', 'Heart Defects, Congenital', 'Heart Rate', 'Hemoglobins', 'Humans', 'Hydrazones', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Lactic Acid', 'Prospective Studies', 'Pyridazines', 'Respiration', 'Simendan', 'Statistics, Nonparametric']
| 20,881,438
|
[['E01.370.600.875.249', 'G09.330.380.076'], ['C14.280.148', 'C23.888.192'], ['D27.505.954.411.222', 'D27.720.799.080'], ['G09.330.100.159'], ['C14.240.400', 'C14.280.400', 'C16.131.240.400'], ['E01.370.600.875.500', 'G09.330.380.500'], ['D12.776.124.400', 'D12.776.422.316.762'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D02.442.288'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['D02.241.511.459.450'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['D03.383.710'], ['G09.772.705'], ['D02.442.288.610', 'D03.383.710.802'], ['E05.318.740.995', 'N05.715.360.750.760', 'N06.850.520.830.995']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
[Pre-operation evaluation and intra-operation management of cochlear implantation].
|
OBJECTIVE: To summarize pre-operation evaluation experiences in cochlear implantation.METHODS: Performing auditory evaluation and image analysis seriously in 158 severe hearing loss or total deaf cases before cochlear implantation, comparing their performance with the findings during and post operation.RESULTS: Among the total 158 cases, 116 cases with normal structure, 42 cases with the abnormal findings of the inner or middle ear. Stapedial gusher happened in 6 cases, 1 case was not predicted before operation. Except 1 case with serious malformation, the findings of other 157 cases in operation were consistent with the pre-operation evaluation. We helped all patients reconstruct auditory conduction with cochlear implantation, and the average hearing level up to 37.6 dB SPL.CONCLUSIONS: Performing image analysis seriously before operation and planning for operation according to HRCT can do great help to cochlear implantation. The operation under the HRCT instruction has less complications.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Cochlear Implantation', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Image Processing, Computer-Assisted', 'Male', 'Preoperative Period', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed', 'Young Adult']
| 15,696,916
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['E04.580.450.220', 'E04.650.220'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.224.308'], ['E04.614.937', 'N02.421.585.753.937'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Dose-dependent acute clearance of hepatitis C genotype 1 virus with interferon alfa.
|
To determine if the clearance of hepatitis C genotype 1 virus (HCV) is dependent on the dose of interferon alfa-2b (IFN-alpha2b), the acute clearance of HCV after a single dose of either 3, 5, or 10 mIU of IFN-alpha was compared in patients with chronic hepatitis C. HCV-RNA levels following IFN-alpha administration were measured. At 24 hours, mean percentage serum viral reduction was 41.4%, 63.7%, and 85.5% for 3, 5, and 10 mIU, respectively (P < .001). At 48 hours, the mean viral reduction was consistently less than the reduction at 24 hours, averaging 22.9%, 61.9%, and 74.3%, respectively (P < .001), indicating that the drug effect diminishes before 48 hours. Regression analysis showed a positive correlation between dose and percent reduction of HCV-RNA levels (r = .6; P < .001). A mathematical model showed that such dose dependence is expected if IFN-alpha partially blocks viral production. Minimum clearance and production rates of HCV were estimated from measurements of HCV-RNA levels after the 10-mIU dose. HCV decay followed an exponential decline with a minimum estimate of the viral clearance rate constant of 2.8 per day, corresponding to a virion half-life of 0.3 days or less. A minimal estimate of the daily HCV production and clearance is 3.7 x 10(11) virions per day, indicating a high rate of replication and turnover. These results indicate that there is a dose-dependent effect of IFN-alpha in clearance of HCV genotype 1. Because the virion production rate is very rapid and because the current recommended dose of IFN-alpha (3 mIU) is often ineffective, larger doses should be considered to treat genotype 1-infected patients.
|
['Adult', 'Antiviral Agents', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Female', 'Hepatitis C', 'Humans', 'Interferon alpha-2', 'Interferon-alpha', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Recombinant Proteins', 'Time Factors', 'Viral Load']
| 9,214,474
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D27.505.954.122.388'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['C01.221.250.750', 'C01.925.440.440', 'C01.925.782.350.350', 'C06.552.380.705.440'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.644.276.374.440.890.250.500', 'D12.776.467.374.440.890.250.500', 'D23.529.374.440.890.250.500'], ['D12.644.276.374.440.890.250', 'D12.776.467.374.440.890.250', 'D23.529.374.440.890.250'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D12.776.828'], ['G01.910.857'], ['E01.370.225.875.950', 'E05.200.875.950', 'G06.920.850']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Unstirred water layers in rabbit intestine: effects of guar gum.
|
Guar gum has been shown to affect the absorption of several different nutrients in clinical studies; however, the mechanisms for decreased absorption have not been defined. A possibility not studied with regard to guar gum, but previously demonstrated to be important in absorption, is the effect of change in the unstirred water layer. As the unstirred water layer increases in thickness, the rate of absorption decreases for certain nutrients. The effect of guar gum on the unstirred water layer in the lumen of rabbit jejunum was examined by previously described techniques. It was observed that: increases in guar gum concentration resulted in an increased thickness of the unstirred water layer; for any stir rate, the addition of guar gum increased the thickness of the unstirred water layer; and stir rate is inversely related to the thickness of the unstirred water layer. It was concluded from these results that guar gum increases the thickness of the unstirred water layer in rabbit jejunum. This mechanism may explain, in part, the reduction of the rate of absorption of certain nutrients seen following guar gum ingestion.
|
['Animals', 'Body Water', 'Galactans', 'Intestinal Absorption', 'Intestine, Small', 'Jejunum', 'Male', 'Mannans', 'Plant Gums', 'Rabbits']
| 3,820,520
|
[['B01.050'], ['A12.207.200'], ['D09.698.360'], ['G03.015.500.374.500', 'G03.787.024.500.374.500', 'G07.203.650.372.500', 'G07.690.725.015.500.374.500', 'G10.261.353.500'], ['A03.556.124.684'], ['A03.556.124.684.500', 'A03.556.249.750'], ['D09.698.550'], ['D05.750.078.739', 'D09.698.700', 'D20.215.721.249'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.968.700']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Parental employment at time of conception and risk of cancer in offspring.
|
Studies on the possible association between exposures of parents at the time off conception and cancer in their offspring have provided no clear answer. In this large, population-based, record-linkage study, 1747 childhood cancer cases were identified in the Danish Cancer Registry and matched with 8630 population controls. Specific information on the employment held by each parent at the time of conception and during early pregnancy was obtained through record linkages. The most recent job titles of the parents were also supplied. Significantly increased risks for renal cancer (mainly Wilms' tumour) and for osteogenic and soft tissue sarcomas were observed in children in association with mothers' employment in medical and dental care, based on 15 observations and odds ratios (OR) of 2.5-4.0. The risk for cancers at all sites was significantly elevated in children of female nurses (OR = 1.4; n = 75) and of male and female physicians, dentists, dental assistants, veterinarians and pharmacists combined (OR = 1.4; n = 53). Handling of drugs, exposure to anaesthetics and infections during pregnancy are suggested to be potential risk factors. Significantly increased risks were also observed for children of fathers employed in the manufacture of iron and metal structures (OR = 2.2; n = 16), in machine repair workshops (OR = 2.8; n = 6), as machinists (OR = 1.6; n = 47) and as smiths (OR = 1.5; n = 28). The suggestion in earlier studies that exposures to hydrocarbons and lead are risk factors for childhood cancer could not be supported by our analysis. Overall, few associations were observed; it was therefore concluded that parental occupation is not likely to be a major risk factor for childhood cancer.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Denmark', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Kidney Neoplasms', 'Male', 'Medical Record Linkage', 'Neoplasms', 'Occupational Exposure', 'Osteosarcoma', 'Parents', 'Pregnancy', 'Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects', 'Risk Factors']
| 1,832,903
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['Z01.542.816.124'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.588.945.947.535', 'C12.758.820.750', 'C12.777.419.473', 'C13.351.937.820.535', 'C13.351.968.419.473'], ['E05.318.308.940.968.500', 'N04.452.859.564.550', 'N05.715.360.300.715.500.500', 'N06.850.520.308.940.968.500'], ['C04'], ['N06.850.460.350.600'], ['C04.557.450.565.575.650', 'C04.557.450.795.620'], ['F01.829.263.500.320', 'I01.880.853.150.500.340', 'M01.620'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['C13.703.824.500'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Immunohistochemical Detection of ROS1 Fusion.
|
Objectives: Patients whose tumors harbor ROS1 translocation may benefit from targeted therapy. Detection of ROS1 rearrangement can be done by three methods: immunohistochemistry, fluorescence in situ hybridization, and molecular assays. Immunohistochemistry would be a cost-effective means to screen for ROS1 translocation, which is uncommon.Methods: ROS1 immunostain was performed on cases with known ROS1 translocation status detected either by fluorescence in situ hybridization or next-generation sequencing.Results: Fifty-seven cases, 10 lung carcinomas with ROS1 rearrangement and 47 cases without ROS1 rearrangement (25 lung carcinomas, 13 gastrointestinal carcinomas, three brain tumors, and six miscellaneous tumors), were included. ROS1 immunostain exhibited 100% sensitivity and 85% specificity, with staining seen in 10 (100%) of 10 cases with ROS1 rearrangement and in seven (15%) of 47 lung cases without ROS1 rearrangement. Weak or 1+ staining of reactive pneumocytes was seen in eight (14%) of 57 cases, and strong staining of osteoclast giant cells was seen in one case.Conclusions: Since ROS1 rearrangement is an infrequent event, immunohistochemistry is a cost-effective screening method. Confirmation of all positive and equivocal/weak staining with molecular assays would exclude the false-positive cases.
|
['Adenocarcinoma', 'Adenocarcinoma of Lung', 'Female', 'High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing', 'Humans', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence', 'Lung Neoplasms', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Oncogene Proteins, Fusion', 'Protein-Tyrosine Kinases', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins']
| 28,007,702
|
[['C04.557.470.200.025'], ['C04.557.470.200.025.022', 'C04.588.894.797.520.055'], ['E05.393.760.319'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.670.325.350', 'E01.370.225.750.600.670.325.350', 'E05.200.500.620.670.325.350', 'E05.200.750.600.670.325.350', 'E05.393.285.350', 'E05.393.661.475.350'], ['C04.588.894.797.520', 'C08.381.540', 'C08.785.520'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D12.776.602.500.500', 'D12.776.624.664.500'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725'], ['D12.776.624.664.700']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Mutational analysis of p73 and p53 in human cancer cell lines.
|
p73 is a candidate tumor suppressor gene with substantial DNA and protein homology to the p53 tumor suppressor gene. We have investigated two hypotheses: (a) p73 is mutated in diverse types of human cancer, and (b) p73 is functionally redundant with p53 in carcinogenesis so that mutations would be exclusive in these two genes. The entire coding region and intronic splice junctions of p73 were examined in 54 cancer cell lines. Three lung cancer cell lines contained mutations that affected the amino acid sequence. One amino acid substitution was in a region with homology to the specific DNA binding region of p53 and two microdeletions were outside the region of homology. Two of the cell lines with p73 mutations also carried p53 mutations. Although our results are inconsistent with the two hypotheses tested, p73 mutations may contribute infrequently to the molecular pathogenesis of human lung cancer.
|
['DNA Mutational Analysis', 'DNA-Binding Proteins', 'Genes, Tumor Suppressor', 'Humans', 'Introns', 'Lung Neoplasms', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Mutation', 'Neoplasms', 'Nuclear Proteins', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational', 'Sequence Analysis, DNA', 'Tumor Cells, Cultured', 'Tumor Protein p73', 'Tumor Suppressor Protein p53', 'Tumor Suppressor Proteins']
| 10,362,363
|
[['E05.393.760.700.300'], ['D12.776.260'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.375.249', 'G05.360.340.024.340.415.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G05.360.340.024.220.400', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.515'], ['C04.588.894.797.520', 'C08.381.540', 'C08.785.520'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G05.365.590'], ['C04'], ['D12.776.660'], ['E05.393.620.500'], ['G05.365.795.600'], ['E05.393.760.700'], ['A11.251.860'], ['D12.776.260.885', 'D12.776.624.776.820', 'D12.776.660.912', 'D12.776.930.969'], ['D12.776.157.687.650', 'D12.776.260.820', 'D12.776.624.776.775', 'D12.776.660.720.650', 'D12.776.744.845'], ['D12.776.624.776']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Infrared laser ablation sampling coupled with data independent high resolution UPLC-IM-MS/MS for tissue analysis.
|
Infrared laser ablation microsampling was used with data-dependent acquisition (DDA) and ion mobility-enhanced data-independent acquisition (HDMSE) for mass spectrometry based bottom-up proteomics analysis of rat brain tissue. Results from HDMSE and DDA analyses of the 12 laser ablation sampled tissue sections showed that HDMSE consistently identified approximately seven times more peptides and four times more proteins than DDA. To evaluate the impact of ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) peak congestion on HDMSE and DDA analysis, whole tissue digests from rat brain were analyzed at six different UPLC separation times. Analogous to results from laser ablated samples, HDMSE analyses of whole tissue digests yielded about four times more proteins identified than DDA for all six UPLC separation times.
|
['Animals', 'Brain Chemistry', 'Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'Infrared Rays', 'Laser Therapy', 'Rats', 'Tandem Mass Spectrometry', 'Tissue Extracts']
| 30,193,623
|
[['B01.050'], ['G02.111.150', 'G03.185'], ['E05.196.181.400.300'], ['G01.358.500.505.650.552', 'G01.590.540.552', 'G01.750.250.650.552', 'G01.750.770.578.552', 'G16.500.275.063.725.525.400', 'G16.500.750.775.525.400', 'N06.230.300.100.725.525.400'], ['E02.594', 'E04.014.520'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['E05.196.566.880'], ['D20.777']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Home-based multicomponent rehabilitation program for older persons after hip fracture: a randomized trial.
|
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether a home-based systematic multicomponent rehabilitation strategy leads to improved outcomes relative to usual care.DESIGN: A randomized controlled trial with 12 months of follow-up.SETTING: General community; 27 home care agencies.PARTICIPANTS: Three hundred four nondemented persons at least 65 years of age who underwent surgical repair of a hip fracture at two hospitals in New Haven, CT, and returned home within 100 days.INTERVENTION: Systematic multicomponent rehabilitation strategy addressing both modifiable physical impairments (physical therapy) and activities of daily living (ADL) disabilities (functional therapy) versus usual care.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: A battery of self-report and performance-based measures of physical and social function.RESULTS: There was no significant difference in the proportion of participants in the two groups who recovered to prefracture levels in self-care ADL at 6 months (71% vs 75%) or 12 months (74% in both groups) or in home management ADL at 6 months (35% vs 44%) or 12 months (44% vs 48%). There also was no difference between the two groups in social activity levels, two timed mobility tasks, balance, or lower extremity strength at either 6 or 12 months. Compared with participants who received usual care, those in the multicomponent rehabilitation program showed slightly greater upper extremity strength at 6 months (p = .04) and a marginally better gait performance (p = .08).CONCLUSIONS: The systematic multicomponent rehabilitation program was no more effective in promoting recovery than usual home-based rehabilitation. Compared with previous cohorts, however, participants randomized to usual care in our study received more rehabilitative and home care services and experienced a higher rate of recovery. This finding is important given the current pressures to reduce home services. The challenge is to determine the composition and duration of rehabilitation and home services that will ensure optimal functional recovery most efficiently in older persons after hip fracture.
|
['Activities of Daily Living', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Combined Modality Therapy', 'Connecticut', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Hip Fractures', 'Home Care Services', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Patient Selection', 'Time Factors', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 10,453,768
|
[['E02.760.169.063.500.067', 'E02.831.067', 'I03.050', 'N02.421.784.110'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['E02.186'], ['Z01.107.567.875.550.200'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['C26.404.061.425', 'C26.531.750', 'C26.558.276.425'], ['N02.421.143.524', 'N02.421.539.089'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.581.500.653', 'N04.590.731'], ['G01.910.857'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
[Identification and functional analysis of a KCNA5 mutation responsible for idiopathic atrial fibrillation].
|
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the molecular mechanism of idiopathic atrial fibrillation (AF) associated with KCNA5 mutation.METHODS: The clinical data and blood samples from 130 unrelated subjects with idiopathic AF were collected and evaluated in contrast to 200 healthy individuals. The coding exons and the flanking introns of KCNA5 gene were amplified by polymerase chain reaction and sequenced using the di-deoxynucleotide chain termination approach to identify potential mutations. Multiple alignment of the KCNA5 encoded protein sequences across species was performed. The KCNA5 gene was cloned and the corresponding mutant was acquired by site directed mutagenesis. The recombinant plasmid expressing or tracing KCNA5 was constructed and transfected into COS-7 cells with Lipofectamine, respectively. The effects of mutated KCNA5 gene on the electrophysiological characteristics and subcellular location of encoded ion channel were explored by patch-clamp and confocal microscope, respectively.RESULTS: A heterozygous missense KCNA5 mutation, c.1580C > T was identified in 1 of 130 idiopathic AF patients. Namely, the triplet substitution of ATG for ACG at codon 527, predicting the conversion of threonine into methionine at amino acid residue 527 (T527M), was detected. Functional analysis revealed that KCNA5 T527M mutation exerted predominant negative effect on the currents but no effect on the subcellular location of encoded ion channel.CONCLUSION: The heterozygous KCNA5 T527M mutation identified in 1 idiopathic AF patient exerts predominant negative effect on the currents of encoded ion channel, thereby conducting to idiopathic AF.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Atrial Fibrillation', 'Base Sequence', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Kv1.5 Potassium Channel', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Mutation']
| 20,646,426
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C14.280.067.198', 'C23.550.073.198'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.157.530.400.600.900.124.374', 'D12.776.157.530.400.600.900.500.241', 'D12.776.543.550.450.750.900.124.374', 'D12.776.543.550.450.750.900.500.241', 'D12.776.543.585.400.750.900.124.374', 'D12.776.543.585.400.750.900.624.241'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G05.365.590']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Three-dimensional imaging of cardiac mass lesions by transesophageal echocardiographic computed tomography.
|
Three-dimensional echocardiography is a new imaging technique that allows more realistic visualization of cardiac morphology. This study presents data about the diagnostic potentials of this technique concerning cardiac mass lesions, as well as its feasibility in clinical application. After the conventional investigation, multiple cross-sectional images were obtained during automatic forward advancement of a monoplane transducer mounted on a transesophageal probe. Three-dimensional reconstruction and volume determination were performed off line. Twenty-four patients were studied. In 14 cases results of echocardiographic computed tomography (echo-CT) were compared with those of monoplane/biplane transesophageal echocardiography. In 23 patients a conventional transesophageal investigation with the echo-CT probe and in 20 patients tomographic scanning were possible. Data acquisition required 12 +/- 4 minutes and three-dimensional reconstruction required 35 +/- 14 minutes. In 13 patients mass lesions were found; in 11 of 13 patients echo-CT provided diagnostic information about the precise spatial orientation and morphology of cardiac structures that could not be obtained by monoplane/biplane transesophageal echocardiography. The technique revealed accurate distance measurements and volume determination of mass lesions. Echo-CT is a further step toward the application of clinically useful three-dimensional echocardiography.
|
['Echocardiography, Transesophageal', 'Feasibility Studies', 'Female', 'Heart Diseases', 'Humans', 'Image Processing, Computer-Assisted', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Time Factors']
| 7,840,983
|
[['E01.370.350.130.750.235', 'E01.370.350.850.220.235', 'E01.370.370.380.220.235'], ['E05.318.372.550', 'E05.337.675', 'N05.715.360.330.550', 'N06.850.520.450.550'], ['C14.280'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.224.308'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Organization of the nervous tissue (hippocampus and septum) developing in the anterior eye chamber. III. Axonal processes and their synaptic endings.
|
Embryonal tissue of rat's septum and hippocampus developing in the anterior eye chamber for three to four months was investigated. Electron microscopic analysis of axonal processes and synaptic boutons is presented in this paper. Dense neuropil of the grafts includes myelinated and unmyelinated fibers. Some of them have definite structural features of peripheral fibers; there are also some transitory forms, combining the traits of peripheral and central axons. Synapses of presumed monoaminergic nature and other unidentified synaptic contacts with the neurons are formed by peripheral fibers entering the grafts from the iris. The majority of axons belongs to the neuronal elements of the grafts themselves. Distribution of the synapses upon neuronal somata and dendritic trees seems to be quite normal. Synapses of symmetric type are present mainly upon neuronal bodies and dendritic shafts; synapses with dendritic and somatic spines are asymmetric. At the same time some unusual features are observed: the presence of the axonal growth cones, long ribbon-like axonal terminals, forming numerous serial synapses with elements of neuropil or neuronal bodies, pseudo-glomerular synaptic contacts encapsulated by glial processes. Increased pinocytotic and microphagocytotic activity between various elements of neuropil is present within the grafts. Spinular complexes, which are often encountered in interneuronal contacts, possibly also participate in processes of exocytosis-endocytosis. Some ultrastructural characteristics of the grafted tissue indicate to its incomplete maturation which may result from deficit of normal afferentation or from absence of some more general developmental factors in the intraocular grafts.
|
['Animals', 'Anterior Chamber', 'Axons', 'Cell Differentiation', 'Hippocampus', 'Microscopy, Electron', 'Nerve Fibers, Myelinated', 'Nerve Regeneration', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Strains', 'Septum Pellucidum', 'Synapses']
| 3,760,546
|
[['B01.050'], ['A09.371.060.067'], ['A08.675.542.145', 'A11.284.180.075', 'A11.671.137', 'A11.671.501.145'], ['G04.152'], ['A08.186.211.180.405', 'A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.345'], ['E01.370.350.515.402', 'E05.595.402'], ['A08.675.542.512', 'A11.671.501.512', 'A11.671.514'], ['G11.561.585', 'G16.762.611'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400'], ['A08.186.211.140.814', 'A08.186.211.180.750.900', 'A08.186.211.200.885.750.814'], ['A08.850', 'A11.284.149.165.420.780']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Maternal obesity has little effect on the immediate offspring but impacts on the next generation.
|
Maternal obesity during pregnancy has been linked to an increased risk of obesity and cardiometabolic disease in the offspring, a phenomenon attributed to developmental programming. Programming effects may be transmissible across generations through both maternal and paternal inheritance, although the mechanisms remain unclear. Using a mouse model, we explored the effects of moderate maternal diet-induced obesity (DIO) on weight gain and glucose-insulin homeostasis in first-generation (F1) and second-generation offspring. DIO was associated with insulin resistance, hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia before pregnancy. Birth weight was reduced in female offspring of DIO mothers (by 6%, P = .039), and DIO offspring were heavier than controls at weaning (males by 47%, females by 27%), however there were no differences in glucose tolerance, plasma lipids, or hepatic gene expression at 6 months. Despite the relative lack of effects in the F1, we found clear fetal growth restriction and persistent metabolic changes in otherwise unmanipulated second-generation offspring with effects on birth weight, insulin levels, and hepatic gene expression that were transmitted through both maternal and paternal lines. This suggests that the consequences of the current dietary obesity epidemic may also have an impact on the descendants of obese individuals, even when the phenotype of the F1 appears largely unaffected.
|
['Animals', 'Birth Weight', 'Blood Glucose', 'Female', 'Glucose Tolerance Test', 'Hyperglycemia', 'Insulin Resistance', 'Male', 'Maternal Exposure', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Obesity', 'Pregnancy', 'Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects', 'Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Triglycerides', 'Weight Gain']
| 23,696,566
|
[['B01.050'], ['C23.888.144.186', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120.186', 'E05.041.124.160.750.149', 'G07.100.100.160.120.186', 'G07.345.249.314.120.186'], ['D09.947.875.359.448.500'], ['E01.370.225.124.100.355', 'E01.370.374.355', 'E05.200.124.100.355'], ['C18.452.394.952'], ['C18.452.394.968.500', 'G07.690.773.984.617'], ['N06.850.460.350.145'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['C18.654.726.500', 'C23.888.144.699.500', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120.699.500', 'G07.100.100.160.120.699.500'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['C13.703.824.500'], ['E05.393.620.500.706'], ['D10.351.801'], ['C23.888.144.243.926', 'G07.345.249.314.120.200.926']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Relation between crust development and heterocyclic aromatic amine formation when air-roasting a meat cylinder.
|
The meat crust that develops during cooking is desired by consumers for its organoleptic properties, but it is also where heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAs) are formed. Here we measured HAs formation during the development of a colored crust on the surface of a beef meat piece. HAs formation was lower in the crust than previously measured in meat slices subjected to the same air jet conditions. This difference is explained by a lower average temperature in the colored crust than in the meat slices. Temperature effects can also explain why colored crust failed to reproduce the plateauing and decrease in HAs content observed in meat slices. We observed a decrease in creatine content from the center of the meat piece to the crust area. In terms of the implications for practice, specific heating conditions can be found to maintain a roast beef meat aspect while dramatically reducing HAs content.
|
['Amines', 'Animals', 'Cattle', 'Cooking', 'Creatine', 'Heterocyclic Compounds', 'Hot Temperature', 'Meat']
| 27,451,229
|
[['D02.092'], ['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['J01.576.423.200.200'], ['D02.078.370.280', 'D12.125.373'], ['D03'], ['G01.906.595.543', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710.380', 'G16.500.750.775.710.380', 'N06.230.300.100.725.232', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710.380'], ['G07.203.300.600', 'J02.500.600']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Taxonomic revision of the cleptoparasitic bee genus Epiclopus Spinola, 1851 (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Ericrocidini).
|
A taxonomic revision of the cleptoparasitic bee genus Epiclopus Spinola is presented. The following species are recognized: Epiclopus gayi Spinola, E. lendlianus (Friese), E. wagenknechti (Ruiz) and E. ecphorus new species from northern Chile. Floral associations, hosts, distribution records and diagnoses of both sexes based on type specimens, are given. An identification key, illustrations and an updated catalogue of the species are provided. In addition, a neotype for Mesonychium wagenknechti and lectotypes for Melissa (Epiclopus) gayi albescens Friese and M. lendliana are also designated.
|
['Animal Distribution', 'Animal Structures', 'Animals', 'Bees', 'Body Size', 'Chile', 'Female', 'Male', 'Organ Size']
| 25,283,096
|
[['F01.145.113.069', 'G16.049'], ['A13'], ['B01.050'], ['B01.050.500.131.617.720.500.500.875.387'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.160', 'E05.041.124.160', 'G07.100.100.160', 'G07.345.249.314'], ['Z01.107.757.235'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.660', 'E05.041.124.715', 'G07.100.100.660', 'G07.345.249.690']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
|
Assessment of deep venous thrombosis in the lower limbs and pelvis: MR venography versus duplex Doppler sonography.
|
OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to compare the diagnostic value of MR venography and color Doppler sonography in the assessment of deep venous thrombosis.SUBJECTS AND METHODS: MR venograms and color Doppler examinations were obtained in 37 patients either with suspected deep venous thrombosis of the lower limbs or pelvis or with pulmonary embolism. Two-dimensional time-of-flight venography was used for all studies. MR and color Doppler data were collected prospectively and analyzed in a blinded manner. In a subset of 21 patients, MR venography and color Doppler sonography were prospectively compared with contrast-enhanced venography.RESULTS: When compared with contrast-enhanced venography, MR venography was 100% sensitive and 100% specific in the diagnosis of deep venous thrombosis above the knee. Color Doppler imaging depicted 13 of 15 cases of deep venous thrombosis and 5 of 6 venous examinations that had normal results, yielding a sensitivity and a specificity of 87% and 83%, respectively. The differences in sensitivity and specificity between MR venography and color Doppler sonography were not statistically significant. MR venography was 95% sensitive and 99% specific in detecting the extension of deep venous thrombosis, compared with the 46% sensitivity and 100% specificity of color Doppler sonography (differences in sensitivity, p < .01). MR images showed 29 collateral vessels, whereas only 21 were detected by contrast-enhanced venography (p < .04).CONCLUSION: MR venography seems to be more accurate than color Doppler sonography in detecting the extension of deep venous thrombosis. The positive diagnosis and extent of deep venous thrombosis can be easily detected and monitored by a noninvasive technique such as MR venography.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Leg', 'Magnetic Resonance Angiography', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Pelvis', 'Phlebography', 'Prospective Studies', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Thrombophlebitis', 'Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color', 'Veins']
| 8,819,396
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A01.378.610.500'], ['E01.370.350.825.500.500', 'E01.370.370.050.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['A01.923.600'], ['E01.370.350.700.060.600', 'E01.370.370.050.600'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['C14.907.355.830.925.770', 'C14.907.617.718.788', 'C14.907.940.740.910'], ['E01.370.350.850.850.850.850'], ['A07.015.908']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Adsorption and structural studies on activated carbons.
|
The porous structure of activated carbon is examined from the point of view of gas adsorption, and in relation to classical methods such as X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy. It is suggested that the different approaches to the problem of microporosity should provide complementary information, which can be useful for a better understanding of static and dynamic adsorption processes in activated carbons.
|
['Adsorption', 'Carbon', 'Microscopy, Electron', 'Models, Chemical', 'Surface Properties', 'X-Ray Diffraction']
| 596,323
|
[['G01.030', 'G02.020'], ['D01.268.150'], ['E01.370.350.515.402', 'E05.595.402'], ['E05.599.495'], ['G02.860'], ['E05.196.309.742', 'E05.196.822.950', 'G01.867.950', 'G02.965']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
High MMP-21 expression in metastatic lymph nodes predicts unfavorable overall survival for oral squamous cell carcinoma patients with lymphatic metastasis.
|
The aim of the present study was to examine the clinical significance of lymph node metastatic (LNM) foci in predicting the overall survival of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients with LNM. MMP-21 was screened based on the LNM animal model of OSCC. Then four proteins, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-21, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-C and VEGF receptor (VEGFR)-3 were examined by immunohistochemistry in 63 OSCC specimens, including the primary tumors (PTs) and the corresponding LNM foci. The expression levels between the PTs and LNM foci were compared by Wilcoxon paired test. Relationships between expression of the four proteins and patient overall survival were assessed by Kaplan-Meier based on the median of the labeling index. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to assess the relative hazard factors. MMP-21 and VEGF-C expression levels were higher in the LNM foci than levels in the PTs. Results showed that MMP-2 and VEGF-C expression levels in the PTs and MMP-2, MMP-21 and VEGF-C expression in the LNM foci correlated with the overall survival of the OSCC patients with lymphatic metastasis. MMP-21 expression level in the LNM foci was the most reliable predictor among all the tested factors. These results suggest that high MMP-21 expression in LNM foci can be used to predict survival in OSCC patients with LNM. Characteristics of LNM foci may be more reliable than PT characteristics in predicting the overall survival of OSCC patients with lymphatic metastasis.
|
['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Animals', 'Carcinoma, Squamous Cell', 'Female', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic', 'Humans', 'Kaplan-Meier Estimate', 'Lymphatic Metastasis', 'Male', 'Matrix Metalloproteinase 2', 'Matrix Metalloproteinases, Secreted', 'Middle Aged', 'Mouth Neoplasms', 'Prognosis', 'Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor C', 'Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-3']
| 24,700,287
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['B01.050'], ['C04.557.470.200.400', 'C04.557.470.700.400'], ['G05.308.370'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.740.998.650', 'N05.715.360.750.795.650', 'N06.850.520.830.998.650'], ['C04.697.650.560', 'C23.550.727.650.560'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.480.205.352', 'D08.811.277.656.300.480.252.420', 'D08.811.277.656.300.480.525.700.150', 'D08.811.277.656.675.374.205.352', 'D08.811.277.656.675.374.252.420', 'D08.811.277.656.675.374.525.700.150', 'D12.644.276.848.150', 'D12.776.467.836.150'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.480.525.700', 'D08.811.277.656.675.374.525.700', 'D12.644.276.848', 'D12.776.467.836'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04.588.443.591', 'C07.465.530'], ['E01.789'], ['D12.644.276.100.800.400', 'D12.776.467.100.800.400', 'D23.529.100.800.400'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.400.950.300', 'D12.776.543.750.630.750.300', 'D12.776.543.750.750.400.910.300']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Prevailing oxic environments in the Pacific Ocean during the mid-Cretaceous Oceanic anoxic event 2.
|
The occurrence of Oceanic Anoxic Event 2 (OAE2) 94 million years ago is considered to be one of the largest carbon cycle perturbations in the Earth's history. The marked increase in the spatial extent of the anoxic conditions in the world's oceans associated with OAE2 resulted in the mass accumulation of organic-rich sediments. Although extensive oceanographic studies of OAE2 have been undertaken in the Atlantic Ocean, the Tethys Sea, and the epicontinental seas of Europe and America, little is known about OAE2 in the Pacific Ocean. Here, we present high-resolution carbon-isotope and degree of pyritization (DOP) data from marine sequences that formed along the continental margins of North America and Asia below the northeastern and northwestern Pacific Ocean. The predominance of low DOP values in these areas revealed that the continental margins of the Pacific Ocean were oxic for most of the OAE2 interval.
|
['Anaerobiosis', 'Asia', 'Atlantic Ocean', 'Carbon Cycle', 'Carbon Isotopes', 'Europe', 'Fossils', 'Geologic Sediments', 'Geological Phenomena', 'North America', 'Oxidation-Reduction', 'Oxygen', 'Pacific Ocean']
| 21,407,200
|
[['G02.111.062', 'G03.078'], ['Z01.252'], ['Z01.756.092'], ['G02.607.125', 'G16.500.150'], ['D01.268.150.075', 'D01.496.123'], ['Z01.542'], ['I01.076.368.584.311'], ['G01.311.330', 'G16.500.320'], ['G01.311'], ['Z01.107.567'], ['G02.700', 'G03.295.531'], ['D01.268.185.550', 'D01.362.670'], ['Z01.756.700']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
|
Diversities within genotypes, bioactivity and biosynthetic genes of endophytic actinomycetes isolated from three pharmaceutical plants.
|
One hundred and fifty endophytic actinomycetes were isolated from three pharmaceutical plants, Annonaceae squamosal, Camptotheca acuminate and Taxus chinensis. Bioactivity test showed that 72.4% of the endophytic actinomycetes displayed inhibition against more than one indicator microorganism. In total, 9.3 and 10.7% showed the cytotoxicity and antioxidant activity, respectively. 3-Amino-5-hydroxybenzoic acid synthase (AHBA), ketosynthase (KS), cytochrome P450 hydroxylases (CYPs) and epoxidase (ES) encoding genes were found in 8.8, 23.8, 2.8 and 11.7% isolates, respectively, by genes screening. The identification based on traditional and molecular methods indicated that diverse genotypes of Streptomyces were distributed in the three pharmaceutical plants, and a few strains of Amycolatopsis were also found in the root of T. chinensis. These results indicated that endophytic actinomycetes associated with pharmaceutical plants could be a promising source of drug leads.
|
['Actinobacteria', 'Annonaceae', 'Anti-Bacterial Agents', 'Antioxidants', 'Bacterial Proteins', 'Bacterial Typing Techniques', 'Camptotheca', 'Cluster Analysis', 'DNA, Bacterial', 'DNA, Ribosomal', 'Genetic Variation', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Phylogeny', 'RNA, Ribosomal, 16S', 'Sequence Analysis, DNA', 'Taxus']
| 19,657,693
|
[['B03.510.024', 'B03.510.460.400.400.049'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.065'], ['D27.505.954.122.085'], ['D27.505.519.217', 'D27.505.696.706.125', 'D27.720.799.047'], ['D12.776.097'], ['E01.370.225.875.150.125', 'E05.200.875.150.125'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.778.188'], ['E05.318.740.250', 'N05.715.360.750.200', 'N06.850.520.830.250'], ['D13.444.308.212'], ['D13.444.308.475'], ['G05.365'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G05.697', 'G16.075.605', 'L01.100.697'], ['D13.444.735.686.670'], ['E05.393.760.700'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.625.937.500']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
[A pilot study on establishment of human/pig hematopoietic chimera model in fetal and neonatal pigs].
|
This study was aimed to explore the feasibility of transplanting human cord blood stem cells (HSC) into pre-immune fetal and neonatal pigs, and to investigate the self-renewal of HSC in the recipient pigs. The fetus and neonate were manipulated in sterile separated room and human donor cells were injected into fetus via fetus muscle or umbilical vein (dissectted womb) or into neonate via umbilical vein before cutting it. Human CD45(+) cells s were detected by labeling with human anti-CD45 antibody and analyzed by fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS). The results showed that tested pigs developed as well as control and a definite proportion of human cells existed in peripheral blood of chimeric pig on day 60 after transplantation. In conclusion, the fetus and neonate pigs can tolerate a definite proportion of human antigens, and to establish the human/pig model of hematopoietic chimerism is possible.
|
['Animals', 'Animals, Newborn', 'Cord Blood Stem Cell Transplantation', 'Fetus', 'Flow Cytometry', 'Humans', 'Leukocyte Common Antigens', 'Models, Animal', 'Pilot Projects', 'Swine', 'Transplantation Chimera', 'Transplantation, Heterologous']
| 16,129,058
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.050.282'], ['E02.095.147.500.500.312', 'E04.936.225.687.312'], ['A16.378'], ['E01.370.225.500.363.342', 'E01.370.225.500.386.350', 'E05.196.712.516.600.240.350', 'E05.200.500.363.342', 'E05.200.500.386.350', 'E05.242.363.342', 'E05.242.386.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D08.811.277.352.650.775.400.100.500', 'D12.644.360.587.100.500', 'D12.776.476.592.100.500', 'D12.776.543.733.937.500'], ['E05.598'], ['E05.318.372.750', 'E05.337.737', 'N05.715.360.330.720', 'N06.850.520.450.720'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.880'], ['B05.200.750'], ['E04.936.764']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Cost effectiveness of a systematic guidelines-based approach to the prevention and management of vascular disease in a primary care setting.
|
BACKGROUND: In Ontario, Canada, the Comprehensive Vascular Disease Prevention and Management Initiative (CVDPMI) was undertaken to improve the vascular health in communities. The CVDPMI significantly improved cardiovascular (CV) risk factor profiles from baseline to follow-up visits including the 10 year Framingham Risk Score (FRS). Although the CVDPMI improved CV risk, the economic value of this program had not been evaluated.METHODS: We examined the cost effectiveness of the CVDPMI program compared to no CVDPMI program in adult patients identified at risk for an initial or subsequent vascular event in a primary care setting. A one year and a ten year cost effectiveness analyses were conducted. To determine the uncertainty around the cost per life year gained ratio, a non-parametric bootstrap analysis was conducted.RESULTS: The overall population base case analysis at one year resulted in a cost per CV event avoided of $70,423. FRS subgroup analyses showed the high risk cohort (FRS >20%) had an incremental cost effectiveness ratio (ICER) that was dominant. In the moderate risk subgroup (FRS 10%-20%) the ICER was $47,439 per CV event avoided and the low risk subgroup (FRS <10%) showed a highly cost ineffective result of greater than $5 million per CV event avoided. The ten year analysis resulted in a dominant ICER.CONCLUSIONS: At one year, the CVDPMI program is economically acceptable for patients at moderate to high risk for CV events. The CVDPMI results in increased life expectancy at an incremental cost saving to the healthcare system over a ten year period.
|
['Cost-Benefit Analysis', 'Disease Management', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Models, Economic', 'Morbidity', 'Ontario', 'Practice Guidelines as Topic', 'Primary Health Care', 'Prognosis', 'Vascular Diseases']
| 26,613,572
|
[['N03.219.151.125'], ['N04.590.607'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.740.500.600', 'E05.599.835.890', 'N05.715.360.750.530.500', 'N06.850.520.830.500.600'], ['E05.318.308.985.525', 'N01.224.935.597', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525'], ['Z01.107.567.176.639'], ['N04.761.700.350.650', 'N05.700.350.650'], ['N04.590.233.727'], ['E01.789'], ['C14.907']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
@Home eTherapy Service for People with Common Mental Health Problems: an Evaluation.
|
BACKGROUND: Ensuring rapid access to psychological interventions is a priority of mental health services. The involvement of peer workers to support the delivery of more accessible treatment options such as computerized cognitive behaviour therapy (CCBT) is recognized.AIMS: To evaluate the implementation of a third sector remote CCBT @Home eTherapy service for people experiencing common mental health problems supported by individuals with lived experience.METHOD: Supported CCBT packages with telephone support were delivered over a 30-month period. Self-complete measures identifying levels of depression, anxiety and functioning were administered at each treatment appointment.RESULTS: Over 2000 people were referred to the @Home eTherapy service; two-thirds attended an initial assessment and 53.4% of referrals assigned to CCBT completed treatment. Statistically significant improvements in anxiety, depression and functioning were found, with 61.6% of treated clients meeting recovery criteria.CONCLUSIONS: The service meets Improving Access to Psychological Therapies (IAPT) key performance targets, and is comparable to other IAPT services using CCBT. Evidence for the successful implementation of such a service by a third sector organization is provided.
|
['Adult', 'Anxiety', 'Anxiety Disorders', 'Cognitive Behavioral Therapy', 'Depression', 'Depressive Disorder', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Mental Health', 'Mental Health Services', 'Middle Aged', 'Referral and Consultation', 'Self Report', 'Telemedicine', 'Telephone', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 28,506,333
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['F01.470.132'], ['F03.080'], ['F04.754.137.350'], ['F01.145.126.350'], ['F03.600.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F02.418', 'N01.400.500'], ['F04.408', 'N02.421.461'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['N04.452.758.849'], ['E05.318.308.980.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.500'], ['H02.403.840', 'L01.178.847.652', 'N04.590.374.800'], ['L01.178.847.698'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Purification, primary structure, and antimicrobial activities of bovine apolipoprotein A-II.
|
We purified an antimicrobial protein of 76 residues, denoted bovine antimicrobial protein-1 (BAMP-1), from fetal calf serum using hydrophobic chromatography, gel filtration, and reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. The amino acid sequence of BAMP-1 was similar to that of human apolipoprotein A-II (apo A-II), a major component of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and the amino acid composition was almost identical to that of a previously reported candidate for bovine apo A-II. BAMP-1 was recovered from the post-HDL fraction, but not from the HDL fraction of the serum and was associated with a small amount of triglycerides (5%, w/w). These results suggest that BAMP-1 is the bovine homologue of apo A-II and is present in almost free form in serum. BAMP-1 showed a weak growth-inhibitory activity against Escherichia coli and yeasts tested in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS).
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Animals', 'Anti-Bacterial Agents', 'Apolipoprotein A-II', 'Cattle', 'Chromatography, Gel', 'Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel', 'Escherichia coli', 'Humans', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Sequence Homology, Amino Acid']
| 9,538,260
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.122.085'], ['D10.532.091.200.150', 'D12.776.070.400.200.150', 'D12.776.521.120.200.150'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['E05.196.181.400.250'], ['E05.196.181.400.300'], ['E05.196.401.402', 'E05.301.300.319'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G02.111.810.200', 'G05.810.200']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Ribosome-lamella complexes in neoplastic hematopoietic cells.
|
The ultrastructural cellular inclusions referred to as ribosome-lamella complexes were observed in the neoplastic cell population of 4 patients with three types of hematopoietic malignancy, monoblastic leukemia. Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia, and chronic lymphatic leukemia. The ultrastructural characteristics of the inclusions were similar in the 4 cases. The percentage of cells affected ranged from approximately 90% in 1 patient with monoblastic leukemia to approximately 10% in a patient with Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia. The complexes appeared to originate from the rough endoplasmic reticulum. Observations suggested a developmental sequence beginning with aggregate strands of rough endoplasmic reticulum, subsequent alignment of the strands of rough endoplasmic reticulum in a concentric configuration, followed by maturation to fully developed ribosome-lamella complexes. Although the ribosome-lamella complex has been found in the neoplastic cells of several patients with leukemic reticuloendotheliosis ("hairy cell leukemia"), its occurrence in these three different hematopoietic disorders indicates a lack of diagnostic specificity of this structure.
|
['Acute Disease', 'Cytoplasm', 'Endoplasmic Reticulum', 'Hematopoietic Stem Cells', 'Humans', 'Inclusion Bodies', 'Leukemia, Lymphoid', 'Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute', 'Ribosomes', 'Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia']
| 166,565
|
[['C23.550.291.125'], ['A11.284.430.214'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.248'], ['A11.148.378', 'A11.872.378', 'A15.378.316.378'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A11.284.420'], ['C04.557.337.428', 'C15.604.515.560', 'C20.683.515.528'], ['C04.557.337.539.275.484'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.811'], ['C04.557.595.925', 'C14.907.454.960', 'C15.378.147.780.925', 'C15.378.463.515.960', 'C15.604.515.925', 'C20.683.780.925']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
A rapid detection method for apoptosis and necrosis measurement using the Cellometer imaging cytometry.
|
Apoptosis and necrosis play an important role in various aspects of preclinical pharmaceutical drug discovery and validation. The ability to quickly determine the cytotoxic effect of chemical compounds on cancer cells allows researchers to efficiently identify potential drug candidates for further development in the pharmaceutical discovery pipeline. Recently, a new imaging cytometry system has been developed by Nexcelom Bioscience LLC (Lawrence, MA, USA) for fluorescence-based cell population analysis. Currently, fluorescence-based cell death assays have not been demonstrated by the Cellometer system, which can potentially provide a quick, simple, and inexpensive alternative method for smaller biomedical research laboratories. In this study, we demonstrate for the first time the use of Cellometer imaging cytometry for necrosis/apoptosis detection by studying the dose-response effect of heat and drug-induced cell death in Jurkat cells labeled with annexin V-FITC (apoptotic) and propidium iodide (necrotic). The experimental results were evaluated to validate the imaging cytometric capabilities of the Cellometer system as compared to the conventional flow cytometry. Similar cell population results were obtained from the two methods. The ability of Cellometer to rapidly and cost-effectively perform fluorescent cell-based assays has the potential of improving research efficiency, especially where a flow or laser scanning cytometer is not available or in situations where a rapid analysis of data is desired.
|
['Apoptosis', 'Humans', 'Image Cytometry', 'Jurkat Cells', 'Necrosis', 'Neoplasms']
| 21,910,006
|
[['G04.146.954.035'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.386.400', 'E05.196.712.516.600.240.400', 'E05.200.500.386.400', 'E05.242.386.400'], ['A11.251.210.190.495', 'A11.251.860.180.495', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.440'], ['C23.550.717'], ['C04']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Structural studies on some dityrosine-cross-linked globular proteins: stability is weakened, but activity is not abolished.
|
We have carried out conformational and stability studies on three proteins that have previously been shown to undergo dityrosine (DT) cross-linking. They include the monomers and dimers of DT-cross-linked calmodulin and the dimers of bovine pancreatic ribonuclease A and bovine eye lens gammaB-Crystallin. In each of these cases, we find the secondary and tertiary structure of the parent protein to be largely maintained. The DT dimer is, however, weaker than the parent. In this sense, the properties of these DT dimers are somewhat similar to those of glutaraldehyde-cross-linked protein crystals. In contrast, the intramolecularly DT-linked monomeric protein that we studied (DT monomer of calmodulin) is seen to have suffered greater changes in its conformation and stability. These results gain significance in light of the growing identification of DT formation as a marker of oxidative stress, aging, and disease.
|
['Calmodulin', 'Crystallins', 'Dimerization', 'Protein Conformation', 'Ribonuclease, Pancreatic', 'Tyrosine']
| 11,101,314
|
[['D12.644.360.372.249', 'D12.776.157.125.412.249', 'D12.776.476.387.249'], ['D12.776.306.366'], ['G02.206', 'G03.230'], ['G02.111.570.820.709'], ['D08.811.277.352.355.350.715', 'D08.811.277.352.700.350.715'], ['D12.125.072.050.875']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Synthesis and characterization of tri(ethylene oxide)-attached poly(amidoamine) dendrimer layers on gold.
|
This paper describes the synthesis of a tri(ethylene oxide)-attached fourth-generation poly(amidoamine) dendrimer (EO3-dendrimer) and the characterization of its layers on gold. NMR analysis and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry revealed that about 61 amine groups of a G4 PAMAM dendrimer were covalently conjugated with tri(ethylene oxide) units, accounting for a 95% modification level. Layers of the EO3-dendrimer were formed on gold, and the resulting surface was characterized by infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy, ellipsometry, and contact angle goniometry. The EO3-dendrimer resulted in more hydrophilic and less compact layers with no substantial deformation of the molecule during layer formation by virtue of the EO3 units, compared to a PAMAM dendrimer. Interestingly, the specific binding of avidin to the biotinylated layers of the EO3-dendrimer approached a surface density of 5.2 +/- 0.2 ngmm-2, showing about 92% of full surface coverage. The layers of the EO3-dendrimer were found to be more resistant to nonspecific adsorption of proteins than PAMAM dendrimer layers when bovine serum albumin and serum proteins were tested.
|
['Adsorption', 'Animals', 'Avidin', 'Biotin', 'Blood Proteins', 'Cattle', 'Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate', 'Gold', 'Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy', 'Polymers', 'Serum Albumin, Bovine', 'Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization']
| 15,120,276
|
[['G01.030', 'G02.020'], ['B01.050'], ['D12.776.034.614.300', 'D12.776.256.159.157.663.300', 'D12.776.290.663.100', 'D12.776.395.175'], ['D03.383.129.308.080', 'D08.211.096'], ['D12.776.124'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['D02.455.426.779.347.400', 'D02.500.375.250', 'D02.886.250.250', 'D03.633.300.953.275.400', 'D04.711.347.400'], ['D01.268.556.322', 'D01.268.956.186', 'D01.552.544.322'], ['E05.196.867.519'], ['D05.750', 'D25.720', 'J01.637.051.720'], ['D12.776.034.841.540', 'D12.776.124.727.875'], ['E05.196.566.755']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Does depression decrease the moderating effect of self-efficacy in the relationship between illness perception and fear of progression in breast cancer?
|
OBJECTIVE: Fear of progression (FOP) is a prevalent concern among breast cancer patients that affect their adjustment to disease. This study examined whether self-efficacy moderates the effect of illness perception (IP) on FOP and whether the moderating effect of self-efficacy depends on the level of depressive symptoms.METHODS: A cross-sectional survey including brief illness perception questionnaire (BIPQ), FOP short form, general self-efficacy scale, and the center for epidemiologic studies depression scale were administered to 245 patients with breast cancer in Korea.RESULTS: Self-efficacy moderated the negative impact of the patients' perception of chronic timeline and a greater emotional impact of the illness on FOP. However, the moderating effect of self-efficacy of the BIPQ timeline and emotions on FOP depended on level of depressive symptoms.CONCLUSIONS: The findings underscore the importance of considering the IP as determinants of FOP, as well as of self-efficacy and depression as the moderating factors in the relationship between IP and FOP, suggesting the need to enhance self-efficacy and depressive symptoms in order to compensate the negative impact of IP on FOP in breast cancer patients.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Breast Neoplasms', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Depression', 'Disease Progression', 'Fear', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasm Recurrence, Local', 'Quality of Life', 'Republic of Korea', 'Self Efficacy', 'Social Support', 'Surveys and Questionnaires']
| 28,816,370
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C04.588.180', 'C17.800.090.500'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['F01.145.126.350'], ['C23.550.291.656'], ['F01.470.361'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04.697.655', 'C23.550.727.655'], ['I01.800', 'K01.752.400.750', 'N06.850.505.400.425.837'], ['Z01.252.474.557.750'], ['F01.752.747.792.700'], ['I01.880.853.500.600'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Severe phimosis as a notable sequela of allogeneic stem cell transplantation in boys.
|
Hematopoietic SCT has improved the survival rates of patients with hematologic and metabolic disorders, as well as those with malignancy or immunodeficiency. Although various complications have been reported following allogeneic SCT, phimosis has rarely been reported, and the predisposing risk factors for phimosis have not been determined. In this study, the occurrence of severe phimosis following allogeneic SCT in boys was analyzed, and its risk factors were determined. The patients were under 15 years of age. Phimosis was observed in 32.6% of 46 patients after allogeneic SCT; 13.0% of cases required surgery. On univariate analysis, risk factors for severe phimosis included chronic GVHD and the use of a conditioning regimen including anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG). Multivariate analysis showed that chronic GVHD was an independent risk factor for severe phimosis. Thus, severe phimosis is an important complication of SCT in boys, especially in patients with chronic GVHD.
|
['Adolescent', 'Antilymphocyte Serum', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Graft vs Host Disease', 'Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Japan', 'Male', 'Phimosis', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Risk Factors', 'Transplantation, Homologous']
| 17,572,709
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['A12.207.152.846.500.203', 'D12.776.124.486.485.114.573.203', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.573.203', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.573.203', 'D20.215.401.203'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['C20.452'], ['E02.095.147.500.500.500', 'E04.936.225.687.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['Z01.252.474.463', 'Z01.639.595'], ['C12.294.494.684'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['E04.936.864']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
The prognostic significant of percentage drop in serum CEA post curative resection for colon cancer.
|
OBJECTIVE/BACKGROUND: This study aimed to analyze the hypothesis that increased percentage drop in serum CEA post curative resection for colon cancer is associated with improved survival.METHODS: Five hundred thirty three patients who underwent colon resection with a curative intent were retrospectively analyzed for their pre- and postoperative CEA levels. The disease-free and overall survival curves were calculated using Kaplan Meier analysis to evaluate cancer related outcomes. For multivariate analysis, the Cox regression model was used.RESULTS: The estimated 5-year overall survival for the preoperative serum CEA > 5 ng/mL group with respect to a postoperative CEA level drop rate of 40%, 50% and 60% were 72.9%, 80.9% and 81.8%, respectively. The estimated 5-year overall survival for the preoperative serum CEA ? 5 ng/mL group with respect to each postoperative CEA level drop rate were 86.6%, 97.1% and 97.7%, respectively (P = 0.257, P = 0.092 and P = 0.073, respectively). The prognostic factors for poor survival were the depth of invasion (p = 0.042, hazard ratio: 2.617, 95% CI = 1.021-3.012) and lymph node metastasis (p = 0.008, hazard ratio: 2.249, 95% CI = 1.231-4.111). A 60% drop of the CEA level was an independent prognostic factor for survival (p = 0.001, hazard ratio: 2.954, 95% CI = 1.686-5.176) for patients with a preoperative CEA level > 5 ng/mL.CONCLUSION: Determining the preoperative CEA level and the early postoperative percent drop of the serum CEA level may be a helpful factor for the prognosis of colon cancer patients. However, the percent drop from the pre to postoperative CEA level from the normal range was not associated with survival difference.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Carcinoembryonic Antigen', 'Colonic Neoplasms', 'Epidemiologic Methods', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Lymphatic Metastasis', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Postoperative Care', 'Preoperative Care', 'Prognosis', 'Young Adult']
| 21,094,039
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['D12.776.395.550.200.210', 'D12.776.543.550.200.210', 'D23.050.285.329', 'D23.050.301.350.210', 'D23.101.140.300'], ['C04.588.274.476.411.307.180', 'C06.301.371.411.307.180', 'C06.405.249.411.307.180', 'C06.405.469.158.356.180', 'C06.405.469.491.307.180'], ['E05.318', 'N06.850.520'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.697.650.560', 'C23.550.727.650.560'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E02.760.731.700', 'E04.604.500', 'N02.421.585.722.700'], ['E02.760.795', 'E04.604.750', 'N02.421.585.795'], ['E01.789'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
DNA Barcodes Identify the Larvae and Unassociated Male of Three Onycholyda Sawflies (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae) from China.
|
A molecular analysis based on mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI) gene sequences has indicated that larvae collected in Sichuan and Zhejiang Provinces, China, belong to Onycholyda xanthogaster Shinohara, 1999, and O. fulvicornis Shinohara, in Shinohara Wei, 2016 (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae), and that a male Onycholyda specimen from Mt. Tianmushan, Zhejiang Province is the hitherto unknown male of O. tianmushana Shinohara Xiao, 2006. The first host plant records are Rubus inopertus (Focke) Focke (Rosaceae) for O. xanthogaster and Rubus hirsutus Thunb. for O. fulvicornis. The larvae of O. xanthogaster and O. fulvicornis are briefly described and O. xanthogaster is newly recorded from Sichuan Province. The male of O. tianmushana is described for the first time.
|
['Animals', 'China', 'DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic', 'Hymenoptera', 'Larva', 'Male', 'Rosaceae']
| 29,690,248
|
[['B01.050'], ['Z01.252.474.164'], ['E05.393.542.249', 'E05.393.760.700.149'], ['B01.050.500.131.617.720.500.500.875'], ['B05.500.500', 'G07.345.500.550.500.500'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.859.937.500']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
|
Cholesterol granuloma involving the temporal bone.
|
The cholesterol granuloma does not represent an independent clinical or pathological entity, rather it is a term used for the description of a tissue response of the temporal bone, to the presence of a particular foreign body, i.e., cholesterol crystals. Three factors are considered to play an important role in its development: 1) interference with drainage, 2) hemorrhage, and 3) obstruction of ventilation. The cause of the initial hemorrhage may be a hemorrhagic inflammation or diathesis, a trauma or some other form of vascular disorder. Interference with air exchange and clearance can be caused by: tubal blockage, persistent mesenchyme, polypoid changes, scar formations, tympanosclerosis, cholesteatoma, etc. The cholesterol granuloma may develop in any portion of the pneumatic system of the temporal bone and it can be associated with a variety of middle ear disorders. Its principal precursor is the chronic middle ear effusion or serous otitis media. Its clinical expression and hallmark is the "idiopathic hemototympanum," the dark bluish discoloration of the tympanic membrane. Osteitis and bone erosion are manifestations of an unusual, more advanced stage. Resorption of bone, in a rare instance, may lead to extensive destruction of the temporal bone.
|
['Adult', 'Cholesterol', 'Ear Diseases', 'Foreign-Body Reaction', 'Granuloma', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Otitis Media', 'Radiography', 'Temporal Bone']
| 773,243
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D04.210.500.247.222.284', 'D04.210.500.247.808.197', 'D10.570.938.208'], ['C09.218'], ['C23.550.470.251', 'C26.392.560'], ['C15.604.515.292', 'C23.550.382'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C09.218.705.663'], ['E01.370.350.700'], ['A02.835.232.781.885']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Activating transcription factor 3 confers protection against ventilator-induced lung injury.
|
RATIONALE: Ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI) significantly contributes to mortality in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome, the most severe form of acute lung injury. Understanding the molecular basis for response to cyclic stretch (CS) and its derangement during high-volume ventilation is of high priority.OBJECTIVES: To identify specific molecular regulators involved in the development of VILI.METHODS: We undertook a comparative examination of cis-regulatory sequences involved in the coordinated expression of CS-responsive genes using microarray analysis. Analysis of stretched versus nonstretched cells identified significant enrichment for genes containing putative binding sites for the transcription factor activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3). To determine the role of ATF3 in vivo, we compared the response of ATF3 gene-deficient mice to wild-type mice in an in vivo model of VILI.MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: ATF3 protein expression and nuclear translocation is increased in the lung after mechanical ventilation in wild-type mice. ATF3-deficient mice have greater sensitivity to mechanical ventilation alone or in conjunction with inhaled endotoxin, as demonstrated by increased cell infiltration and proinflammatory cytokines in the lung and bronchoalveolar lavage, and increased pulmonary edema and indices of tissue injury. The expression of stretch-responsive genes containing putative ATF3 cis-regulatory regions was significantly altered in ATF3-deficient mice.CONCLUSIONS: ATF3 deficiency confers increased sensitivity to mechanical ventilation alone or in combination with inhaled endotoxin. We propose ATF3 acts to counterbalance CS and high volume-induced inflammation, dampening its ability to cause injury and consequently protecting animals from injurious CS.
|
['Activating Transcription Factor 3', 'Animals', 'Blotting, Western', 'Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Cytokines', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Gene Expression', 'Gene Expression Profiling', 'Humans', 'Lung', 'Mice', 'Mice, Knockout', 'Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis', 'Random Allocation', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Respiration, Artificial', 'Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Ventilator-Induced Lung Injury']
| 20,413,626
|
[['D12.776.260.108.061.875', 'D12.776.930.127.061.875'], ['B01.050'], ['E05.196.401.143', 'E05.301.300.096', 'E05.478.566.320.200', 'E05.601.262', 'E05.601.470.320.200'], ['E05.927.100.500'], ['A11.251'], ['D12.644.276.374', 'D12.776.467.374', 'D23.529.374'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['G05.297'], ['E05.393.332'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A04.411'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.136.500.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.455', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800.500'], ['E05.393.661.640', 'E05.393.760.640', 'E05.588.570.660', 'E05.601.640'], ['E05.318.370.700', 'E05.581.500.805', 'N05.715.360.325.675', 'N06.850.520.445.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['E02.041.625', 'E02.365.647.729', 'E02.880.820'], ['E05.393.620.500.725'], ['C08.381.520.750']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Ni(II)-catalyzed enantioselective Nazarov cyclizations.
|
Nazarov cyclizations are catalyzed by a dicationic Ni(II) complex containing the chiral tridentate phosphine Pigiphos; the catalyst exerts a high degree of torquoselectivity and affords the products in up to 88% ee.
|
['Catalysis', 'Crystallography, X-Ray', 'Cyclization', 'Ketones', 'Ligands', 'Models, Molecular', 'Molecular Structure', 'Nickel', 'Stereoisomerism']
| 18,802,555
|
[['G02.130'], ['E05.196.309.742.225'], ['G02.111.180', 'G02.607.133', 'G03.208'], ['D02.522'], ['D27.720.470.480'], ['E05.599.595'], ['G02.111.570', 'G02.466'], ['D01.268.556.607', 'D01.268.956.625', 'D01.552.544.607'], ['G02.607.445.682']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Behavioral modification of estuarine fish exposed to sulfur dioxide.
|
This study was designed to determine the avoidance responses of juvenile striped bass (Morone saxatilis) and Atlantic menhaden (Brevoortia tyrannus) exposed to sulfur dioxide (sulfite) at acclimation temperatures of 15, 20, 25, and 30 degrees C. Predictive models were developed and compared for each species at each acclimation temperature. Striped bass avoided 2.2, 2.3, 3.0, and 3.5 mg sulfite/l at 15, 20, 25, and 30 degrees C, respectively. Atlantic menhaden avoided 3.2, 3.6, 2.9, and 3.0 mg sulfite/l at acclimation temperatures of 15, 20, 25, and 30 degrees C, respectively. Acclimation temperature was an important factor influencing the avoidance response of each species exposed to sulfur dioxide. Striped bass avoided lower concentrations of sulfite than Atlantic menhaden at 15 and 20 degrees C. Both species avoided approximately the same concentration of sulfite at 25 degrees C. Atlantic menhaden avoided lower concentrations of sulfur dioxide than striped bass at 30 degrees C.
|
['Acclimatization', 'Animals', 'Avoidance Learning', 'Behavior, Animal', 'Chlorine', 'Fishes', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Sulfur Dioxide', 'Temperature']
| 6,492,212
|
[['G07.025.133', 'G16.012.500.133'], ['B01.050'], ['F02.463.425.097', 'F02.463.785.373.173'], ['F01.145.113'], ['D01.268.380.150', 'D01.362.225'], ['B01.050.150.900.493'], ['G02.300'], ['D01.362.810', 'D01.650.550.850.925', 'D01.875.825.925'], ['G01.906.595', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710', 'G16.500.750.775.710', 'N06.230.150.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Testing the connection. While numerous medical tests are available, some are questioning how often they are necessary--and who will pay for them.
|
With an ever-widening array of medical tests and screenings available for patients, the debate over what tests are necessary, and who should get them, has taken on new intensity. "What we want is targeted screening. You can use things like family history and lifestyle to determine whether it's needed", says David Mongillo, left, of the American Clinical Laboratory Association.
|
['Diagnostic Tests, Routine', 'Humans', 'Insurance, Health, Reimbursement', 'United States', 'Unnecessary Procedures']
| 20,196,371
|
[['E01.370.395'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N03.219.521.576.343.480', 'N03.219.521.710'], ['Z01.107.567.875'], ['N02.421.380.450.500', 'N05.300.150.395.450.500']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Mesangial cell regeneration from exogenous stromal progenitor by utilizing embryonic kidney.
|
Kidney regenerative medicine is expected to be the solution to the shortage of organs for transplantation. In a previous report, we transplanted exogenous renal progenitor cells (RPCs) including nephron progenitor cells (NPCs), stromal progenitor cells (SPCs), and the ureteric bud (UB) into the nephrogenic zone of animal embryos and succeeded in regenerating new nephrons from exogenous NPCs through a fetal developmental program. However, it was unknown whether the renal stromal lineage cells were regenerated from SPCs. The present study aimed to verify the differentiation of SPCs into mesangial cells and renal stromal lineage cells. Here, we found that simply transplanting RPCs, including SPCs, into the nephrogenic zone of wild-type fetal mice was insufficient for differentiation of SPCs. Therefore, to enrich the purity of SPCs, we sorted cells from RPCs by targeting platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRa) which is a cell surface marker for immature stromal cells and transplanted the PDGFRa-positive sorted cells. As a result, we succeeded in regenerating a large number of mesangial cells and other renal stromal lineage cells including interstitial fibroblasts, vascular pericytes, and juxtaglomerular cells. We have established the method for regeneration of stromal cells from exogenous SPCs that may contribute to various fields, such as regenerative medicine and kidney embryology, and the creation of disease models for renal stromal disorders.
|
['Animals', 'Cell Differentiation', 'Cell Lineage', 'Female', 'Green Fluorescent Proteins', 'Humans', 'Kidney', 'Male', 'Mesangial Cells', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Mice, Transgenic', 'Models, Animal', 'Pregnancy', 'Regeneration', 'Regenerative Medicine', 'Stem Cell Transplantation', 'Stromal Cells']
| 31,623,827
|
[['B01.050'], ['G04.152'], ['G04.172', 'G07.345.500.325.180.500', 'G08.686.155', 'G08.686.784.170.104.249'], ['D12.776.532.265'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A05.810.453'], ['A05.810.453.324.359.620', 'A05.810.453.736.520.620', 'A11.329.228.950'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['B01.050.050.136.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800'], ['E05.598'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['G16.762'], ['H02.403.750'], ['E02.095.147.500.500', 'E04.936.225.687'], ['A11.329.830']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Derivation of a rigorous equation for the calculation of the F-value in isothermal sterilization processes.
|
The use of simplified equations utilizing the Z- and F-values to calculate the level of sterilization achieved in isothermal processes is very common in industry. This method assumes that the Z-value is independent of temperature. This is a simplifying assumption that is not based on a physically realistic microbial inactivation model. In the present work the appropriate equations for the Z- and F-values were derived with kinetic theory and utilized to predict the level of sterility obtained during isothermal sterilization. The F-value obtained with the proposed equation was always higher than the F-value obtained when the simplifying assumption was made. Therefore, the use of the equation proposed here for the F-value results in more realistic and generous estimates of the lethal effect on microorganisms produced by isothermal sterilization processes. Tables of the F-values so obtained are provided.
|
['Biotechnology', 'Chemistry, Pharmaceutical', 'Kinetics', 'Mathematical Computing', 'Sterilization', 'Temperature']
| 8,071,818
|
[['H01.158.550', 'J01.897.120'], ['H01.158.703.007', 'H01.181.466'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['L01.224.680'], ['N06.850.780.200.450.850'], ['G01.906.595', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710', 'G16.500.750.775.710', 'N06.230.150.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710']]
|
['Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Gatekeeping--clinical and administrative issues.
|
Most gatekeeper-based models of health care delivery utilize primary care physicians for authorizing services, screening referrals, managing cases and monitoring costs. Issues in four major areas related to gatekeeping have arisen in such systems: those affecting patients primarily, those affecting physicians primarily, those related to administering the gatekeeping function and, finally, those issues related to the health care system as a whole.
|
['Adult', 'Female', 'Health Maintenance Organizations', 'Humans', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Male', 'Primary Health Care', 'Referral and Consultation', 'Washington']
| 3,765,611
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['N03.219.521.576.343.800.400', 'N03.219.521.576.343.925.400', 'N04.452.758.244.425', 'N04.590.374.410.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['N04.590.233.727'], ['N04.452.758.849'], ['Z01.107.567.875.560.900', 'Z01.107.567.875.580.900']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
SII-projecting neurons in the rat thalamus: a single- and double-retrograde-tracing study.
|
Experiments were performed on adult albino rats, using single-labeling (free horseradish peroxidase [HRP] or wheatgerm agglutinin conjugated to HRP [WGA:HRP]) and double-labeling (fluorescent dyes) techniques to investigate the thalamic projections to the secondary somatosensory cortex (SII) and to demonstrate the presence and location of thalamic neurons projecting to both the primary somatosensory cortex (SI) and SII by way of branching axons. In single-labeling experiments, the tracer was injected in SI or SII with or without electrophysiological control; in double-labeling experiments, fast blue and diamidino yellow were injected into the electrophysiologically identified forelimb areas of SI and SII. Single-tracer experiments showed that after injections in SI, focused in the forelimb representation area, retrogradely labeled neurons were present mainly in the ventral third of the nucleus ventralis posterolateralis (VPL) and in the anterior part of the posterior nuclear complex (PO); labeled neurons were also present consistently in the caudal portion of PO. Injection of tracers in the forelimb or forelimb and hindlimb representation areas of SII resulted in labeling of neurons in the posterior part of PO and in the caudal part of VPL. Double-labeling experiments confirmed the distribution of neurons projecting to SI or to SII, as observed in single-labeling experiments. Some neurons labeled with both tracers were also present. These neurons are interpreted as projecting to both SI and SII by means of axon collaterals and were observed in areas of overlap of the two single-labeled population of neurons--that is, at the border between PO and the ventroposterior complex, and in the medial part of caudal PO. Comparison of these data with those obtained after injections of tracers in SI and SII of cats (Spreafico et al., 1981b) suggests that in both species thalamic neurons projecting to these two areas are largely segregated, though partially overlapping; and that thalamic neurons projecting simultaneously to SI and SII, modest in number in cats, are even sparser in rats.
|
['Afferent Pathways', 'Animals', 'Axons', 'Brain Mapping', 'Forelimb', 'Horseradish Peroxidase', 'Neurons', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Strains', 'Somatosensory Cortex', 'Thalamic Nuclei', 'Wheat Germ Agglutinins']
| 3,589,289
|
[['A08.612.220'], ['B01.050'], ['A08.675.542.145', 'A11.284.180.075', 'A11.671.137', 'A11.671.501.145'], ['E01.370.350.578.875.500', 'E01.370.376.537.625.500', 'E05.629.875.500'], ['A13.395'], ['D08.811.682.732.512'], ['A08.675', 'A11.671'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.670.675', 'A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.814.906'], ['A08.186.211.200.317.826.701'], ['D12.776.503.499.968', 'D12.776.765.678.968']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Effects of pre-fermentation and pulsed-electric-field treatment of primary sludge in microbial electrochemical cells.
|
The aim of this study was to investigate the combination of two technologies - pulsed electric field (PEF) pre-treatment and semi-continuous pre-fermentation of primary sludge (PS) - to produce volatile fatty acids (VFAs) as the electron donor for microbial electrolysis cells (MECs). Pre-fermentation with a 3-day solids retention time (SRT) led to the maximum generation of VFAs, with or without pretreatment of the PS through pulsed-electric-fields (PEF). PEF treatment before fermentation enhanced the accumulation of the preferred VFA, acetate, by 2.6-fold. Correspondingly, MEC anodes fed with centrate from 3-day pre-fermentation of PEF-treated PS had a maximum current density ?3.1 A/m(2), which was 2.4-fold greater than the control pre-fermented centrate. Over the full duration of batch MEC experiments, using pre-fermented centrate led to successful performance in terms of Coulombic efficiency (95%), Coulombic recovery (80%), and COD-removal efficiency (85%).
|
['Bioelectric Energy Sources', 'Biological Oxygen Demand Analysis', 'Bioreactors', 'Electricity', 'Electrochemical Techniques', 'Fatty Acids, Volatile', 'Fermentation', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Methane', 'Sewage']
| 26,159,378
|
[['E07.305.124.150'], ['N06.850.460.350.080.500', 'N06.850.780.375.349'], ['E07.115', 'J01.897.120.115'], ['G01.358.500.249'], ['E05.301'], ['D10.251.400'], ['G02.111.158.249', 'G03.191.249'], ['G02.300'], ['D02.455.326.146.571'], ['D20.944.932.500']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Analysis of the derangement of the pancreatic microcirculation in a rat caerulein pancreatitis model using an intravital microscope system.
|
In order to clarify the derangement of the pancreatic microcirculation in acute pancreatitis, the pancreatic microcirculation in caerulein pancreatitis was monitored intravitally and the roles of bradykinin and nitric oxide were examined using bradkykinin B2 receptor antagonist, HOE140. Under an intravital microscope, the pancreatic microcirculation was observed 2 or 6 hr after the induction of acute pancreatitis. HOE140 was administered 30 min before the induction of acute pancreatitis. The videoimages were taken into the computer, and the value of grayscale was measured with imaging software to quantify the degree of extravasation. Extravasation in the postcapillary venules was remarkable and the velocity in pancreatic terminal arterioles decreased significantly. However, the adherence of leukocytes was not observed until 6 hr after the induction. Both the extension of extravasation and the decrease of velocity were prevented by HOE140. The levels of nitric oxides in the pancreatic tissue declined and this decline was not influenced by HOE140. Bradykinin participates mainly in the regulation of vascular permeability in the early stage of caerulein pancreatitis. Further, the impairment of pancreatic microcirculation may play a key role in the onset and development of acute pancreatitis.
|
['Acute Disease', 'Animals', 'Arterioles', 'Body Water', 'Ceruletide', 'Leukocytes', 'Male', 'Microcirculation', 'Microscopy, Fluorescence', 'Microscopy, Video', 'Nitrates', 'Nitrites', 'Pancreas', 'Pancreatitis', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar']
| 9,111,766
|
[['C23.550.291.125'], ['B01.050'], ['A07.015.114.060', 'A07.015.461.080'], ['A12.207.200'], ['D12.644.456.241'], ['A11.118.637', 'A15.145.229.637', 'A15.382.490'], ['G09.330.100.645'], ['E01.370.350.515.458', 'E05.595.458'], ['E01.370.350.515.690', 'E05.595.690', 'J01.897.280.500.898.475', 'L01.178.820.090.898.475', 'L01.178.847.823.475'], ['D01.248.497.158.606', 'D01.625.525.550', 'D02.583'], ['D01.248.497.158.635', 'D01.625.600.600', 'D02.633'], ['A03.734'], ['C06.689.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Use of the dynamic gastro-intestinal model TIM to explore the survival of the yogurt bacterium Streptococcus thermophilus and the metabolic activities induced in the simulated human gut.
|
Streptococcus thermophilus, a lactic acid bacterium used to produce yogurts and cheeses is more and more considered for its potential probiotic properties. This implies that additional information should be obtained regarding its survival and metabolic activity in the human Gastro-Intestinal Tract (GIT). In this study, we screened 30 S. thermophilus strains for urease, small heat shock protein, and amino-acid decarboxylase functions which may play a role in survival in the upper part of the GIT. The survival kinetics of 4 strains was investigated using the TIM, a physiologically relevant in vitro dynamic gastric and small intestinal model. The three strains LMD9, PB18O and EBLST20 showed significantly higher survival than CNRZ21 in all digestive compartments of the TIM, which may be related to the presence of urease and heat shock protein functions. When LMD9 bacterial cells were delivered in a fermented milk formula, a significant improvement of survival in the TIM was observed compared to non-fermented milk. With the RIVET (Recombinase In Vivo Expression Technology) method applied to the LMD9 strain, a promoter located upstream of hisS, responsible for the histidyl-transfer RNA synthesis, was found to be specifically activated in the artificial stomach. The data generated on S. thermophilus survival and its adaptation capacities to the digestive tract are essential to establish a list of biomarkers useful for the selection of probiotic strains.
|
['Adaptation, Physiological', 'Animals', 'Digestion', 'Gastric Acid', 'Genes, Bacterial', 'Humans', 'Microbial Viability', 'Milk', 'Models, Anatomic', 'Probiotics', 'Streptococcus thermophilus', 'Upper Gastrointestinal Tract', 'Urease', 'Yogurt']
| 26,611,166
|
[['G07.025', 'G16.012.500'], ['B01.050'], ['G07.203.650.250', 'G10.261.190'], ['A12.200.307.603'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.364.249', 'G05.360.340.358.024.249', 'G05.360.340.358.207.249'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G06.580'], ['A12.200.455', 'A12.790', 'G07.203.100.700', 'G07.203.300.350.525', 'J02.200.700', 'J02.500.350.525'], ['J01.897.280.500.545.129', 'L01.178.820.090.545.129'], ['G07.203.300.456.500', 'J02.500.456.500'], ['B03.353.750.737.872.800', 'B03.510.400.800.872.800', 'B03.510.550.737.872.800'], ['A03.556.875'], ['D08.811.277.087.902'], ['G07.203.200.500.888', 'G07.203.300.350.300.888', 'J02.350.500.888', 'J02.500.350.300.888']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Effect of a simple information booklet on pain persistence after an acute episode of low back pain: a non-randomized trial in a primary care setting.
|
OBJECTIVE: Mass-media campaigns have been known to modify the outcome of low back pain (LBP). We assessed the impact on outcome of standardized written information on LBP given to patients with acute LBP.DESIGN: A 3-month pragmatic, multicenter controlled trial with geographic stratification.SETTING: Primary care practice in France.PARTICIPANTS: 2752 patients with acute LBP.INTERVENTION: An advice book on LBP (the "back book").MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The main outcome measure was persistence of LBP three months after baseline evaluation.RESULTS: 2337 (85%) patients were assessed at follow-up and 12.4% of participants reported persistent LBP. The absolute risk reduction of reporting persistent back pain in the intervention group was 3.6% lower than in the control group (10.5% vs. 14.1%; 95% confidence interval [-6.3% ; -1.0%]; p value adjusted for cluster effect = 0.01). Patients in the intervention group were more satisfied than those in the control group with the information they received about physical activities, when to consult their physician, and how to prevent a new episode of LBP. However, the number of patients who had taken sick leave was similar, as was the mean sick-leave duration, in both arms, and, among patients with persistent pain at follow-up, the intervention and control groups did not differ in disability or fear-avoidance beliefs.CONCLUSIONS: The level of improvement of an information booklet is modest, but the cost and complexity of the intervention is minimal. Therefore, the implications and generalizability of this intervention are substantial.TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00343057.
|
['Adult', 'Fear', 'France', 'Humans', 'Low Back Pain', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Outcome Assessment, Health Care', 'Pain Measurement', 'Pamphlets', 'Patient Education as Topic', 'Primary Health Care', 'Prospective Studies', 'Sick Leave', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 17,684,553
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['F01.470.361'], ['Z01.542.286'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C23.888.592.612.107.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['H01.770.644.145.431', 'N04.761.559.590', 'N05.715.360.575.575'], ['E01.370.600.550.324'], ['L01.178.682.707'], ['I02.233.332.500', 'N02.421.726.407.680'], ['N04.590.233.727'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['N01.824.417.700.662', 'N04.452.677.800.662'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Exogenous cortisol shifts a motivated bias from fear to anger in spatial working memory for facial expressions.
|
Studies assessing processing of facial expressions have established that cortisol levels, emotional traits, and affective disorders predict selective responding to these motivationally relevant stimuli in expression specific manners. For instance, increased attentional processing of fearful faces (attentional bias for fearful faces) is associated with fear and anxiety and diminishes after administration of the anxiolytic hormone testosterone. Conversely, attentional bias for angry faces has been associated with higher levels of approach motivation (e.g. anger) and testosterone, but lower levels of cortisol. This negative relation between cortisol levels and bias for angry faces was also seen in a test of biased working memory performance. However, previous research suggests that exogenous glucocorticoids acutely decrease fearful and inhibited behavior and increase aggressiveness. Hypothesizing from these findings, the present study tested this spatial working memory for faces of various emotional expressions (neutral, happy, fearful, and angry) after double-blind, placebo-controlled administration of 40 mg cortisol in 18 healthy young men. It was predicted that cortisol would acutely attenuate memory bias for fearful expressions while increasing memory bias for angry expressions, in effect creating a shift in biased motivated memory from fear to anger. Results largely confirmed the hypotheses. This is the first causal evidence that cortisol differentially regulates spatial working memory for different facial expressions. Possible biological mechanisms are discussed.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Anger', 'Anxiety', 'Discrimination Learning', 'Double-Blind Method', 'Facial Expression', 'Fear', 'Humans', 'Hydrocortisone', 'Male', 'Memory', 'Pattern Recognition, Visual', 'Placebos', 'Recognition, Psychology', 'Self-Assessment']
| 17,088,024
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['F01.470.093'], ['F01.470.132'], ['F02.463.425.280'], ['E05.318.370.300', 'E05.581.500.300', 'N05.715.360.325.320', 'N06.850.520.445.300'], ['E01.370.600.225', 'F01.145.209.530.385'], ['F01.470.361'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D04.210.500.745.745.654.600', 'D06.472.040.585.353.476', 'D06.472.040.585.478.392'], ['F02.463.425.540'], ['F02.463.593.524.500', 'F02.463.593.932.622'], ['D26.660', 'E02.785'], ['F02.463.425.540.706'], ['F01.752.747.792.537']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Measurement of adsorption constants of laccase on gold nanoparticles to evaluate the enhancement in enzyme activity of adsorbed laccase.
|
Adsorption of enzymes to nanoparticles and the mechanisms responsible for enzyme activity modulation of adsorbed enzymes are not well understood. In this work, gold nanoparticles were used for electrostatic adsorption of a plant-derived laccase. Adsorption constants were determined by four independent techniques: dynamic light scattering, electrophoretic light scattering, agarose gel electrophoresis and fluorescence quenching. Stable bionanoconjugates were formed with log K in the range 6.8-8.9. An increase in enzyme activity was detected, in particular at acidic and close to neutral pH values, a feature that expands the useful pH range of the enzyme. A model for the adsorption was developed, based on geometrical considerations and volume increase data from dynamic light scattering. This indicates that enzymes adsorbed to gold nanoparticles are ca. 9 times more active than the free enzyme.
|
['Adsorption', 'Gold', 'Hydrazones', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Kinetics', 'Laccase', 'Metal Nanoparticles', 'Toxicodendron']
| 29,882,945
|
[['G01.030', 'G02.020'], ['D01.268.556.322', 'D01.268.956.186', 'D01.552.544.322'], ['D02.442.288'], ['G02.300'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['D08.811.682.494'], ['J01.637.512.600.500'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.044.744']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Impact of frequent testing on the transmission of HIV and N. gonorrhoeae
|
OBJECTIVES: To investigate the impact and efficiency of combined testing for HIV and other STIs on HIV and STI transmission among men who have sex with men (MSM) and to assess what subgroups of MSM should be targeted for frequent testing.METHODS: We developed an agent-based transmission model that simulates infection with HIV or Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) among MSM. We examined scenarios with increased percentages of MSM getting tested six monthly, among all MSM or only specific subgroups of MSM (defined according to recent gonorrhoea, number of partners and engagement in condomless anal intercourse (CAI)) and scenarios with reduced intervals between HIV/STI tests.RESULTS: The most efficient strategies were those with increased percentage of MSM getting tested every 6 months among MSM with a recent gonorrhoea diagnosis; or among MSM who had CAI and ?10 partners; or MSM who had ?10 partners. Over 10 years, these strategies resulted in 387-718 averted HIV infections and required 29-164 additional HIV tests per averted HIV infection or one to seven additional gonorrhoea tests per averted NG infection. The most effective strategy in reducing HIV transmission was the one where the intervals between tests were reduced by half, followed by the strategy with increased percentage of MSM getting tested every 6 months among all MSM. Over 10 years, these strategies resulted in 1362 and 1319 averted HIV infections, but required 663 and 584 additional HIV tests per averted HIV infection, respectively.CONCLUSIONS: Targeting MSM with recent gonorrhoea diagnosis or MSM with many partners is efficient in terms of HIV/STI tests needed to prevent new HIV or NG infections. Major reductions in HIV incidence can be achieved with consistent HIV/STI testing every 6 months among larger groups, including low-risk MSM. To impede HIV transmission, frequent testing should be combined with other prevention measures.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Condoms', 'Gonorrhea', 'HIV Infections', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Mass Screening', 'Middle Aged', 'Models, Theoretical', 'Sexual Behavior', 'Sexual and Gender Minorities', 'Young Adult']
| 31,801,895
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['E07.190.270.150'], ['C01.150.252.400.625.275', 'C01.150.252.734.401', 'C01.221.812.281.401', 'C01.778.281.401', 'C12.294.668.281.401', 'C13.351.500.711.281.401'], ['C01.221.250.875', 'C01.221.812.640.400', 'C01.778.640.400', 'C01.925.782.815.616.400', 'C01.925.813.400', 'C20.673.480'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.500', 'E05.318.308.980.438.580', 'N02.421.726.233.443', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.580', 'N06.850.780.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.599'], ['F01.145.802'], ['M01.777'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Application of infrared light for in vivo neural stimulation.
|
A novel method for damage-free, artifact-free stimulation of neural tissue using pulsed, low-energy infrared laser light is presented. Optical stimulation elicits compound nerve and muscle potentials similar to responses obtained with conventional electrical neural stimulation in a rat sciatic nerve model. Stimulation and damage thresholds were determined as a function of wavelength using a tunable free electron laser source (lambda = 2 to 10 microm) and a solid state holmium:YAG laser (lambda = 2.12 microm). Threshold radiant exposure required for stimulation varies with wavelength from 0.312 Jcm2 (lambda = 3 microm) to 1.22 Jcm2 (lambda = 2.1 microm). Histological analysis indicates no discernable thermal damage with suprathreshold stimulation. The largest damage/stimulation threshold ratios (>6) were at wavelengths corresponding to valleys in the IR spectrum of soft tissue absorption (4 and 2.1 microm). Furthermore, optical stimulation can be used to generate a spatially selective response in small fascicles of the sciatic nerve that has significant advantages (e.g., noncontact, spatial resolution, lack of stimulation artifact) over conventional electrical methods in diagnostic and therapeutic procedures in neuroscience, neurology, and neurosurgery.
|
['Action Potentials', 'Animals', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation', 'Infrared Rays', 'Muscle Contraction', 'Radiation Dosage', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Sciatic Nerve']
| 16,409,069
|
[['G04.580.100', 'G07.265.675.100', 'G11.561.570.100'], ['B01.050'], ['E05.799.513.500', 'G01.750.740.500', 'G04.712.500', 'G07.225', 'G07.738.500', 'N06.850.810.250.180'], ['G01.358.500.505.650.552', 'G01.590.540.552', 'G01.750.250.650.552', 'G01.750.770.578.552', 'G16.500.275.063.725.525.400', 'G16.500.750.775.525.400', 'N06.230.300.100.725.525.400'], ['G11.427.494'], ['E05.799.513', 'G01.750.740', 'N06.850.810.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['A08.800.800.720.450.760']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Ultrasound-guided supraclavicular brachial plexus block in upper limb surgery: outcomes and patient satisfaction.
|
We examined the outcomes and levels of patient satisfaction in 202 consecutive cases of ultrasound-guided supraclavicular brachial plexus block (SBPB) in upper limb surgery performed between September 2007 and March 2010. All blocks were performed by orthopaedic surgeons using ultrasound visualisation with a high-frequency linear probe. The probe was placed in the coronal-oblique plane in the supraclavicular fossa, and the puncture was 'in-plane' from lateral to medial. Most of the blocks were performed with 0.75% ropivacaine/1% lidocaine (1:1), with or without adrenaline in 1:200 000 dilution. In 201 patients (99.5%) the brachial plexus block permitted surgery without conversion to general anaesthesia. The mean procedure time for block was 3.9 min (2 to 12), the mean waiting time for surgery was 34.1 min (10 to 64), the mean surgical time was 75.2 min (6 to 232), and the mean duration of post-anaesthetic analgesia was 437 min (171 to 992). A total of 20 patients (10%) developed a transient Horner's syndrome. No nerve injury, pneumothorax, arterial puncture or systemic anaesthetic toxicity were recorded. Most patients (96.7%) were satisfied with ultrasound-guided SBPB. This study demonstrates the efficacy and safety of ultrasound-guided SBPB for orthopaedic surgery on the upper limb.
|
['Adult', 'Anesthetics, Local', 'Brachial Plexus', 'Clavicle', 'Cohort Studies', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Middle Aged', 'Nerve Block', 'Pain Measurement', 'Patient Satisfaction', 'Prognosis', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Risk Assessment', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Ultrasonography, Interventional', 'Upper Extremity']
| 24,891,581
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D27.505.696.277.100.200', 'D27.505.696.663.850.025', 'D27.505.954.427.210.100.200'], ['A08.800.800.720.050'], ['A02.835.232.087.227'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E03.155.086.711', 'E04.525.210.550'], ['E01.370.600.550.324'], ['F01.100.150.750.625', 'F01.145.488.887.625', 'N04.452.822.700', 'N05.300.150.800.625', 'N05.715.360.600'], ['E01.789'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.715', 'N04.452.871.715', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.690', 'N06.850.505.715', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.715'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['E01.370.350.850.855', 'E04.502.890'], ['A01.378.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Methods for adjusting for bias due to crossover in oncology trials.
|
Trials of new oncology treatments often involve a crossover element in their design that allows patients receiving the control treatment to crossover to receive the experimental treatment at disease progression or when sufficient evidence about the efficacy of the new treatment is achieved. Crossover leads to contamination of the initial randomized groups due to a mixing of the effects of the control and experimental treatments in the reference group. This is further complicated by the fact that crossover is often a very selective process whereby patients who switch treatment have a different prognosis than those who do not. Standard statistical techniques, including those that attempt to account for the treatment switch, cannot fully adjust for the bias introduced by crossover. Specialized methods such as rank-preserving structural failure time (RPSFT) models and inverse probability of censoring weighted (IPCW) analyses are designed to deal with selective treatment switching and have been increasingly applied to adjust for crossover. We provide an overview of the crossover problem and highlight circumstances under which it is likely to cause bias. We then describe the RPSFT and IPCW methods and explain how these methods adjust for the bias, highlighting the assumptions invoked in the process. Our aim is to facilitate understanding of these complex methods using a case study to support explanations. We also discuss the implications of crossover adjustment on cost-effectiveness results.
|
['Antineoplastic Agents', 'Bias', 'Cost-Benefit Analysis', 'Cross-Over Studies', 'Humans', 'Indoles', 'Kaplan-Meier Estimate', 'Models, Statistical', 'Neoplasms', 'Neuroendocrine Tumors', 'Pancreatic Neoplasms', 'Pyrroles', 'Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic', 'Sunitinib']
| 24,595,585
|
[['D27.505.954.248'], ['N05.715.350.150', 'N06.850.490.500'], ['N03.219.151.125'], ['E05.318.370.150', 'N05.715.360.325.150', 'N06.850.520.445.150'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D03.633.100.473'], ['E05.318.740.998.650', 'N05.715.360.750.795.650', 'N06.850.520.830.998.650'], ['E05.318.740.500', 'E05.599.835', 'N05.715.360.750.530', 'N06.850.520.830.500'], ['C04'], ['C04.557.465.625.650', 'C04.557.580.625.650'], ['C04.588.274.761', 'C04.588.322.475', 'C06.301.761', 'C06.689.667', 'C19.344.421'], ['D03.383.129.578'], ['E05.318.372.250.250.365.500', 'N05.715.360.330.250.250.365.500', 'N06.850.520.450.250.250.365.500'], ['D03.383.129.578.823', 'D03.633.100.473.877']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
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