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[Characterization of sediment of water extract of Guizhi decoction and its effect on relevant compound (fractions) in decoction].
|
In order to study the effect of sediment of water extract of Guizhi decoction on the stability, clarity and peaks area, and characterize the chemical composition of the sediments, HPLC and MS methods were established. Through comparison of the common peak areas and the turbidity value of water extract and filtrate, the sediments could greatly change the common peak areas of the decoction (for more than 5 times of the study standard); at the same time, the turbidity value of the decoction could increase by ?38.66±1.57?% in 48 h [particularly by ?24.54±1.68?% in 6 h]. The test indicated that the sediments had an effect on the stability and clarity under the test conditions in Guizhi decoction. The study confirmed that the sediments were mainly derived from Cassia twig, Paeonia lactiflora and Glycyrrhiza uralensis. On the basis of the reference information, the accurate molecular weight and fragment ion information provided by LC-MS were analyzed, the molecular formula of sediments components A-F were determined, and the possible structural information of components B, C, D and F were deduced. It was suggested that the multi-index, multi-target and multi-angle analysis could ensure the quality of traditional Chinese medicine and the effect of clinical medication. The study also suggested the effect of the sediments on clinical application and the preparation of traditional Chinese medicine.
|
['Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'Drugs, Chinese Herbal', 'Glycyrrhiza uralensis', 'Paeonia', 'Water']
| 29,751,710
|
[['E05.196.181.400.300'], ['D20.215.784.500.350', 'D26.335'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.401.300.500'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.791'], ['D01.045.250.875', 'D01.248.497.158.459.650', 'D01.650.550.925']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
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|
The ontogeny and organization of the lymphoid system.
|
The organization of the lymphoid system reflects 2 phases in the development and function of its component lymphocytes; a primary continuous genesis of 2 lineages of lymphocytes, B and T cells, is followed by a secondary wave of cell production and differentiation dependent on antigenic stimulation. Primary B cell genesis occurs multifocally before birth and in the bone marrow thereafter. Early progenitor cells give rise to proliferating pre-B cells containing free cytoplasmic mu chains, and thus to small lymphocytes expressing surface immunoglobulins, IgM, and IgD. Somatic rearrangement of genes in precursor cells produces clones of B cells, each member having an identical antigen-binding specificity. Primary T cell genesis occurs in the thymus, where an epithelial cell environment induces stem cells entering from embryonic mesoderm and postnatal bone marrow to proliferate extensively and to differentiate in discrete anatomical locations into 2 main sublineages, distinguishable by surface membrane markers. Primary B and T cells migrate rapidly to the spleen, lymph nodes, and mucosal lymphoid tissues where they may either die or be activated by antigens presented on macrophages and dendritic cells. Proliferation of activated B cells produces expanded clones of antigen-specific B memory cells in transient germinal centers. The secondary wave of B and T cells enters a pool of long-lived lymphocytes, which recirculate repeatedly between the blood and lymphoid organs, showing characteristic kinetics, migratory routes, and tissue localization. The entry of antigens accelerates local lymphocyte traffic and the retention of antigen-specific cells to promote an effective immune response. Despite important advances, many challenges remain in understanding the early differentiation, microenvironmental organization, and regulation of lymphoid cell populations in vivo.
|
['Animals', 'B-Lymphocytes', 'Cell Differentiation', 'Cell Division', 'Cell Movement', 'Humans', 'Lymphatic System', 'Lymphoid Tissue', 'Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell', 'T-Lymphocytes']
| 3,874,246
|
[['B01.050'], ['A11.063.438', 'A11.118.637.555.567.562', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.562', 'A15.382.032.438', 'A15.382.490.555.567.562'], ['G04.152'], ['G04.144.220', 'G04.161.750.500', 'G05.113', 'G07.345.249.410.750.500'], ['G04.198', 'G07.568.500.180'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A15.382.520'], ['A10.549', 'A15.382.520.604'], ['D12.776.124.790.651.950', 'D12.776.377.715.548.950', 'D12.776.543.750.705.816.821'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.569', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
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| 0
| 0
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| 0
|
Surprising alteration of antibacterial activity of 5"-modified neomycin against resistant bacteria.
|
A facile synthetic protocol for the production of neomycin B derivatives with various modifications at the 5'' position has been developed. The structural activity relationship (SAR) against aminoglycoside resistant bacteria equipped with various aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes (AMEs) was investigated. Enzymatic and molecular modeling studies reveal that the superb substrate promiscuity of AMEs allows the resistant bacteria to cope with diverse structural modifications despite the observation that several derivatives show enhanced antibacterial activity compared to the parent neomycin. Surprisingly, when testing synthetic neomycin derivatives against other human pathogens, two leads exhibit prominent activity against both methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) that are known to exert a high level of resistance against clinically used aminoglycosides. These findings can be extremely useful in developing new aminoglycoside antibiotics against resistant bacteria. Our result also suggests that new biological and antimicrobial activities can be obtained by chemical modifications of old drugs.
|
['Anti-Bacterial Agents', 'Binding Sites', 'Crystallography, X-Ray', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Drug Design', 'Enterococcus', 'Enzyme Inhibitors', 'Framycetin', 'Kanamycin Kinase', 'Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus', 'Microbial Sensitivity Tests', 'Models, Molecular', 'Molecular Structure', 'Stereoisomerism', 'Structure-Activity Relationship', 'Vancomycin Resistance']
| 19,012,394
|
[['D27.505.954.122.085'], ['G02.111.570.120'], ['E05.196.309.742.225'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['E05.290.500', 'H01.158.703.007.338.500', 'H01.181.466.338.500'], ['B03.353.750.250.250', 'B03.510.550.250.250'], ['D27.505.519.389'], ['D09.408.051.623.300'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.475'], ['B03.300.390.400.800.750.100.500', 'B03.353.500.750.750.100.500', 'B03.510.100.750.750.100.500', 'B03.510.400.790.750.100.500'], ['E01.370.225.875.595', 'E05.200.875.595', 'E05.337.550.400'], ['E05.599.595'], ['G02.111.570', 'G02.466'], ['G02.607.445.682'], ['G02.111.830', 'G07.690.773.997'], ['G06.099.225.984', 'G06.225.347.984', 'G07.690.773.984.269.347.984']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
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|
Defective function of GABA-containing synaptic vesicles in mice lacking the AP-3B clathrin adaptor.
|
AP-3 is a member of the adaptor protein (AP) complex family that regulates the vesicular transport of cargo proteins in the secretory and endocytic pathways. There are two isoforms of AP-3: the ubiquitously expressed AP-3A and the neuron-specific AP-3B. Although the physiological role of AP-3A has recently been elucidated, that of AP-3B remains unsolved. To address this question, we generated mice lacking mu3B, a subunit of AP-3B. mu3B-/- mice suffered from spontaneous epileptic seizures. Morphological abnormalities were observed at synapses in these mice. Biochemical studies demonstrated the impairment of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) release because of, at least in part, the reduction of vesicular GABA transporter in mu3B-/- mice. This facilitated the induction of long-term potentiation in the hippocampus and the abnormal propagation of neuronal excitability via the temporoammonic pathway. Thus, AP-3B plays a critical role in the normal formation and function of a subset of synaptic vesicles. This work adds a new aspect to the pathogenesis of epilepsy.
|
['Adaptor Protein Complex 3', 'Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport', 'Animals', 'Clathrin', 'DNA-Binding Proteins', 'Electrophysiology', 'GABA Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins', 'Genotype', 'Glutamates', 'Hippocampus', 'Immunoblotting', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Membrane Transport Proteins', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Mice, Transgenic', 'Microscopy, Electron', 'Models, Biological', 'Models, Genetic', 'Neurotransmitter Agents', 'Protein Isoforms', 'Recombination, Genetic', 'Seizures', 'Synapses', 'Synaptic Vesicles', 'Time Factors', 'Transcription Factors']
| 15,492,041
|
[['D12.776.543.990.150.300'], ['D12.776.543.990.150'], ['B01.050'], ['D12.776.543.990.200'], ['D12.776.260'], ['H01.158.344.528', 'H01.158.782.236'], ['D12.776.157.530.450.625.139', 'D12.776.157.530.562.374.750', 'D12.776.543.585.450.625.139', 'D12.776.543.585.562.374.750'], ['G05.380'], ['D12.125.067.625', 'D12.125.119.409'], ['A08.186.211.180.405', 'A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.345'], ['E05.478.566.320', 'E05.601.470.320'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['D12.776.157.530', 'D12.776.543.585'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['B01.050.050.136.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800'], ['E01.370.350.515.402', 'E05.595.402'], ['E05.599.395'], ['E05.599.395.397'], ['D27.505.519.625', 'D27.505.696.577'], ['D12.776.800'], ['G05.728'], ['C10.597.742', 'C23.888.592.742'], ['A08.850', 'A11.284.149.165.420.780'], ['A08.850.840', 'A11.284.430.214.190.875.190.880.830'], ['G01.910.857'], ['D12.776.930']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
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|
Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging of breast lesions: first experiences at 3 T.
|
PURPOSE: Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been established as a valuable tool for the detection of breast cancer. There is evidence suggesting that diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) may be useful to distinguish between malignant and benign breast lesions. We seek to evaluate the ability of DWI to differentiate between malignant and benign breast lesions at 3 T.METHODS: Dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI and DWI of the breasts were performed in 31 female patients (age: mean, 46 years; range, 34-69 years) with suspected breast lesions on mammography and ultrasound using a 3-T scanner (MAGNETOM Tim Trio; Siemens Medical Solutions, Erlangen, Germany). Each lesion was assigned as either malignant or benign, blinded to the results of mammography and ultrasound, according to their imaging characteristics on contrast-enhanced MRI, DWI, and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) measurements. Tissue samples were obtained from all lesions by either needle or excision biopsy. Using histological results as the gold standard, the diagnostic accuracies of the dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI, DWI, and ADC were calculated and compared.RESULTS: All breast lesions (n = 31) were identified on both the dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI and DWI scans. The threshold ADC value was determined to be 0.00121 mm2/s, below which a lesion was considered malignant. The sensitivities/specificities of the dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI, qualitative DWI, and quantitative ADC were 95%/91%, 95%/63.6%, and 90%/91%, respectively. The differences in sensitivities, specificities, positive and negative predictive values, and diagnostic accuracies between the 3 examinations were statistically insignificant.CONCLUSIONS: Diffusion-weighted imaging at 3 T is highly sensitive in the detection of malignant breast lesions even with qualitative assessment alone, whereas ADC measurement offers quantitative assessment and increases the specificity to more than 90%. Further studies involving a larger cohort size and a wider spectrum of breast lesions are indicated.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Breast Neoplasms', 'Contrast Media', 'Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Female', 'Gadolinium DTPA', 'Humans', 'Middle Aged', 'Observer Variation', 'Pilot Projects', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Sensitivity and Specificity']
| 19,188,787
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C04.588.180', 'C17.800.090.500'], ['D27.505.259.500', 'D27.720.259'], ['E01.370.350.825.500.150'], ['D02.092.782.590.401', 'D02.241.081.018.639.400', 'D02.257.141'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.354.753', 'N02.421.450.600', 'N05.715.350.150.675', 'N06.850.490.500.250'], ['E05.318.372.750', 'E05.337.737', 'N05.715.360.330.720', 'N06.850.520.450.720'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
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Mutational signatures of DNA mismatch repair deficiency in C. elegans
|
Throughout their lifetime, cells are subject to extrinsic and intrinsic mutational processes leaving behind characteristic signatures in the genome. DNA mismatch repair (MMR) deficiency leads to hypermutation and is found in different cancer types. Although it is possible to associate mutational signatures extracted from human cancers with possible mutational processes, the exact causation is often unknown. Here, we use C. elegans genome sequencing of pms-2 and mlh-1 knockouts to reveal the mutational patterns linked to C. elegans MMR deficiency and their dependency on endogenous replication errors and errors caused by deletion of the polymerase å subunit pole-4 Signature extraction from 215 human colorectal and 289 gastric adenocarcinomas revealed three MMR-associated signatures, one of which closely resembles the C. elegans MMR spectrum and strongly discriminates microsatellite stable and unstable tumors (AUC = 98%). A characteristic difference between human and C. elegans MMR deficiency is the lack of elevated levels of NCG > NTG mutations in C. elegans, likely caused by the absence of cytosine (CpG) methylation in worms. The other two human MMR signatures may reflect the interaction between MMR deficiency and other mutagenic processes, but their exact cause remains unknown. In summary, combining information from genetically defined models and cancer samples allows for better aligning mutational signatures to causal mutagenic processes.
|
['Adenocarcinoma', 'Animals', 'Base Sequence', 'Caenorhabditis elegans', 'Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins', 'Colorectal Neoplasms', 'DNA Mismatch Repair', 'DNA Mutational Analysis', 'DNA Polymerase II', 'Humans', 'Mismatch Repair Endonuclease PMS2', 'MutL Protein Homolog 1', 'Mutation', 'Poly-ADP-Ribose Binding Proteins', 'Stomach Neoplasms']
| 29,636,374
|
[['C04.557.470.200.025'], ['B01.050'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['B01.050.500.500.294.400.875.660.250.250'], ['D12.776.419.500'], ['C04.588.274.476.411.307', 'C06.301.371.411.307', 'C06.405.249.411.307', 'C06.405.469.158.356', 'C06.405.469.491.307', 'C06.405.469.860.180'], ['G02.111.222.220', 'G05.219.220'], ['E05.393.760.700.300'], ['D08.811.913.696.445.308.300.230'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D08.811.074.766.250', 'D08.811.277.040.025.215.250', 'D08.811.277.352.335.350.600', 'D12.776.260.540.250'], ['D08.811.074.766.500', 'D08.811.277.040.025.215.500', 'D12.776.260.540.500'], ['G05.365.590'], ['D12.776.157.687', 'D12.776.660.720'], ['C04.588.274.476.767', 'C06.301.371.767', 'C06.405.249.767', 'C06.405.748.789']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Propofol Does Not Reduce Pyroptosis of Enterocytes and Intestinal Epithelial Injury After Lipopolysaccharide Challenge.
|
BACKGROUND: To date, mechanisms of sepsis-induced intestinal epithelial injury are not well known. P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) regulates pyroptosis of lymphocytes, and propofol is usually used for sedation in septic patients.AIMS: We aimed to determine the occurrence of enterocyte pyroptosis mediated by P2X7R and to explore the effects of propofol on pyroptosis and intestinal epithelial injury after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge.METHODS: A novel regimen of LPS challenge was applied in vitro and in vivo. Inhibitors of P2X7R (A438079) and NLRP3 inflammasome (MCC950), and different doses of propofol were administered. The caspase-1 expression, caspase-3 expression, caspase-11 expression, P2X7R expression and NLRP3 expression, extracellular ATP concentration and YO-PRO-1 uptake, and cytotoxicity and HMGB1 concentration were detected to evaluate enterocyte pyroptosis in cultured cells and intestinal epithelial tissues. Chiu's score, diamine oxidase and villus length were used to evaluate intestinal epithelial injury. Moreover, survival analysis was performed.RESULTS: LPS challenge activated caspase-11 expression and P2X7R expression, enhanced ATP concentration and YO-PRO-1 uptake, and led to increased cytotoxicity and HMGB1 concentration. Subsequently, LPS resulted in intestinal epithelial damage, as evidenced by increased levels of Chiu's score and diamine oxidase, and shorter villus length and high mortality of animals. A438079, but not MCC950, significantly relieved LPS-induced enterocyte pyroptosis and intestinal epithelial injury. Importantly, propofol did not confer the protective effects on enterocyte pyroptosis and intestinal epithelia although it markedly decreased P2X7R expression.CONCLUSION: LPS attack leads to activation of caspase-11/P2X7R and pyroptosis of enterocytes. Propofol does not reduce LPS-induced pyroptosis and intestinal epithelial injury, although it inhibits P2X7R upregulation.
|
['Animals', 'Cell Line', 'Enterocytes', 'Hypnotics and Sedatives', 'Intestinal Mucosa', 'Lipopolysaccharides', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Propofol', 'Pyroptosis', 'Rats', 'Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms']
| 29,063,417
|
[['B01.050'], ['A11.251.210'], ['A03.556.124.369.290', 'A10.615.550.444.290', 'A11.436.290'], ['D27.505.696.277.350', 'D27.505.954.427.210.350'], ['A03.556.124.369', 'A10.615.550.444'], ['D09.400.500', 'D09.698.718.450', 'D10.494', 'D23.050.161.616.525', 'D23.946.123.329.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.657.773'], ['G04.146.954.035.530'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['G06.320.676']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Neural Correlates of Error Processing in Young People With a History of Severe Childhood Abuse: An fMRI Study.
|
OBJECTIVE: Childhood maltreatment is associated with various cognitive deficits, including inhibitory deficits and hypersensitivity to negative feedback. The authors used a stop-signal task to investigate the association between severe childhood abuse and inhibitory and error processing brain activation in medication-naive, drug-free young people with and without severe childhood abuse, controlling for psychiatric comorbidities by including a psychiatric control group.METHOD: Using functional MRI, the authors compared brain activation in 22 age- and gender-matched young people exposed to severe childhood abuse, 17 psychiatric comparison subjects matched for psychiatric diagnoses with the abused group, and 27 healthy comparison subjects during an individually adjusted tracking stop-signal task designed to elicit 50% inhibition failures.RESULTS: During failed inhibition, the childhood abuse group showed increased brain activation relative to the healthy comparison group in typical error processing regions of the dorsomedial frontal cortex, including the left and right presupplementary and supplementary motor area and anterior cingulate cortex. The increased activation in a smaller cluster in the supplementary motor area survived comparison with the psychiatric comparison group. No group differences in activation were observed for successful inhibition.CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that severe childhood abuse is associated with abnormally increased activation in classical dorsomedial frontal error-processing regions; furthermore, the increased activation in the supplementary motor area was abuse specific. However, childhood abuse was not associated with inhibitory dysfunction. Increased sensitivity of error-detection networks in participants in the childhood abuse group may be due to the constant need to monitor their own actions in order to avoid painful mistakes, which are often associated with harsh punishment in abusive settings.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult Survivors of Child Abuse', 'Brain', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Child Abuse', 'Female', 'Functional Neuroimaging', 'Humans', 'Inhibition, Psychological', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Psychomotor Performance', 'Reaction Time', 'Young Adult']
| 25,882,324
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.135.500', 'M01.860.300.500'], ['A08.186.211'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['I01.198.240.856.350.250', 'I01.880.735.900.350.250'], ['E01.370.350.578.875', 'E01.370.376.537.625', 'E05.629.875'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.145.544', 'F02.463.425.475', 'F02.739.794.405'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['F02.808', 'G11.427.700', 'G11.561.660'], ['E05.796.817', 'F02.830.650', 'F04.669.817', 'G11.561.677'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Effect of a tele-training programme on radiographers in the interpretation of CT colonography.
|
OBJECTIVE: To assess the performance of radiographers in CT colonography (CTC) after a tele-training programme, supervised by 2 experienced radiologists.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Five radiographers underwent training in CTC using a tele-training programme mainly based on the interpretation of 75 training cases performed in the novice department. To evaluate the educational performance, each radiographer was tested on 20 test cases with 27 lesions >6mm (12: 6-9 mm; 15: >10mm). Sensitivity, specificity and PPV for polyps ? 6 mm and ? 10 mm were calculated with point estimates and 95% confidence interval (95% CI). The results were compared by comparing 95% CI with a 5% significance level.RESULTS: In the training cases overall per-polyp sensitivity was 57% (95% CI 46.1-67.9) and 69.1% (95% CI 50.6-87.5) for lesions ? 6 mm and ? 10 mm, respectively. Overall per patient sensitivity, specificity and PPV were 86.4% (95% CI 76.7-96.1), 85.4% (95% CI 77-93.9) and 78.3% (95% CI 64.9-91.7), respectively. In the test cases overall per-polyp sensitivity was 80.7% (95% CI 69.5-92) and 94.7% (95% CI 85.6-100 ?) for lesions ? 6 mm and ? 10 mm, respectively. Overall per patient sensitivity, specificity and PPV were 92.9% (95% CI 83.1-100 ?), 64% (95% CI 13.1-100 ?) and 87.8% (95% CI 71.7-100 ?), respectively. There was a statistically significant improvement in per-polyp sensitivity for lesions ? 6 mm in the test cases. No statistically significant differences were found in per patient sensitivity, specificity and PPV, but there was an improvement.CONCLUSION: This training programme based on tele-training obtained good performance of radiographers in detecting tumoral lesions in CTC.
|
['Colonography, Computed Tomographic', 'Computer-Assisted Instruction', 'Denmark', 'Education, Continuing', 'Education, Distance', 'Educational Measurement', 'Professional Competence', 'Radiology', 'Telemedicine']
| 21,397,422
|
[['E01.370.350.350.810.180', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810.180', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810.180', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810.180', 'E01.370.372.230'], ['I02.903.771.500.208'], ['Z01.542.816.124'], ['I02.358.212'], ['I02.195'], ['I02.399'], ['I02.399.630'], ['H02.403.740'], ['H02.403.840', 'L01.178.847.652', 'N04.590.374.800']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Contribution of subcortical motor pathways to the execution of ballistic movements.
|
Preparation for a voluntary ballistic movement in the context of a simple reaction time task (SRT) involves enhancement of excitability in subcortical motor tracts. However, little is known about the characteristics of that preparation, how long the excitability enhancement takes place, and whether it is present not only in SRT but also in more attention requiring tasks as those involved in choice reaction time (CRT) paradigms. In the study presented here, we used the effects induced by a startling auditory stimulus (SAS) on reaction time (the StartReact effect) as a probe for assessing motor preparation of subcortical tracts. Subjects were requested to make a ballistic wrist extension movement to the presentation of a visual imperative signal. A SAS was randomly introduced in 25% of trials at 0, -50, -100, -200, -300, -400, and -500 ms. We measured reaction time at the onset of the first burst of EMG activity in the agonist muscle, the configuration of the EMG activity in agonist and antagonist muscles, and whether the responses were congruent with the side of the stimulus. At the interval of 0 ms, the SAS induced a shortening of the reaction time similarly in CRT and SRT. The duration of the preparation time was significantly longer for SRT (421 +/- 71 ms) than for CRT (138 +/- 63 ms). Some degree of co-activation was present in all subjects in CRT trials without SAS, and increased considerably in trials with SAS. Isolated or significantly predominant preparation of the wrong hand was observed in 32% of the trials at an interval of 0 ms, and in 44% of trials in the remaining intervals. Preparation errors consisting of the presence of a well defined triphasic pattern were very variable, although more frequently seen in the dominant hand (64%) than in the non-dominant hand (36%). Our results indicate that preparation of subcortical motor pathways occurs before the execution of ballistic movements in the context of a CRT paradigm, but its duration is shorter than in SRT tasks. Preparation for CRT may be biased towards the dominant hand but factors other than laterality have also to be taken into account.
|
['Acoustic Stimulation', 'Choice Behavior', 'Efferent Pathways', 'Electromyography', 'Functional Laterality', 'Hand', 'Humans', 'Motor Cortex', 'Movement', 'Psychomotor Performance', 'Reaction Time', 'Reflex, Startle', 'Time Factors']
| 16,106,656
|
[['E02.037', 'E02.190.888.030', 'E05.723.136'], ['F02.463.785.373.346'], ['A08.612.380'], ['E01.370.405.255', 'E01.370.530.255'], ['F02.830.297.425', 'G11.561.225.425'], ['A01.378.800.667'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.270.548', 'A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.814.624'], ['G07.568', 'G11.427.410'], ['F02.808', 'G11.427.700', 'G11.561.660'], ['E05.796.817', 'F02.830.650', 'F04.669.817', 'G11.561.677'], ['E01.370.376.550.650.800', 'E01.370.600.550.650.800', 'F02.830.702.807', 'G11.561.731.869'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
A multicenter, open-label study of repeat courses of intramuscular alefacept in combination with other psoriasis therapies in patients with chronic plaque psoriasis.
|
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of multiple courses of alefacept in combination with traditional psoriasis therapy for the treatment of chronic plaque psoriasis (CPP).METHODS: Patients with CPP requiring systemic therapy were eligible for this study. Patients received up to three courses of intramuscular alefacept 15 mg once weekly for 12 weeks. One concomitant psoriasis therapy (topical agents, methotrexate, cyclosporine, systemic retinoids, or ultraviolet B [UVB]) per course was allowed. The extent of disease was determined using the 7-point Physician Global Assessment (PGA; scale ranging from 0 = clear to 6 = severe).RESULTS: More than 73% of patients improved by > or = one PGA category and > or = 44% of patients improved by > or = two PGA categories across all concomitant treatments. Clinical responses tended to be greatest in patients who received alefacept plus UVB. The incidences of serious infections (< or =1%) and malignancies (< or =2%) were low across all courses and all combinations.CONCLUSION: Multiple courses of alefacept appear to be well tolerated and demonstrate efficacy in patients with CPP when administered with other psoriasis therapies.
|
['Adult', 'Alefacept', 'CD4 Lymphocyte Count', 'Cyclosporine', 'Dermatologic Agents', 'Drug Administration Routes', 'Drug Administration Schedule', 'Drug Therapy, Combination', 'Female', 'Glucocorticoids', 'Humans', 'Immunologic Factors', 'Immunosuppressive Agents', 'Infections', 'Lymphopenia', 'Male', 'Methotrexate', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasms', 'Psoriasis', 'Recombinant Fusion Proteins', 'Retinoids', 'Retreatment', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Ultraviolet Therapy']
| 18,569,270
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.619.393.131', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.619.393.131', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.619.393.131', 'D12.776.395.550.034.500', 'D12.776.543.550.158.500', 'D12.776.828.300.100'], ['E01.370.225.500.195.107.595.500.150', 'E01.370.225.625.107.595.500.150', 'E05.200.500.195.107.595.500.150', 'E05.200.625.107.595.500.150', 'E05.242.195.107.595.500.150', 'G04.140.107.595.500.150', 'G09.188.105.595.500.150'], ['D04.345.566.235.300', 'D12.644.641.235.300'], ['D27.505.954.444'], ['E02.319.267'], ['E02.319.283'], ['E02.319.310'], ['D06.472.040.543', 'D27.505.696.399.472.488'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D27.505.696.477'], ['D27.505.696.477.656'], ['C01'], ['C15.378.553.546.605', 'C20.673.627'], ['D03.633.100.733.631.192.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04'], ['C17.800.859.675'], ['D12.776.828.300'], ['D02.455.326.271.665.202.495', 'D02.455.426.392.368.367.379.249.700', 'D02.455.849.131.495', 'D23.767.261.700'], ['E02.887'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['E02.774.945']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Development and Performance of an Algorithm to Estimate the Child-Turcotte-Pugh Score From a National Electronic Healthcare Database.
|
BACKGROUND & METHODS: The Child-Turcotte-Pugh (CTP) score is a widely used and validated predictor of long-term survival in cirrhosis. The CTP score is a composite of 5 subscores, 3 based on objective clinical laboratory values and 2 subjective variables quantifying the severity of ascites and hepatic encephalopathy. To date, no system to quantify CTP score from administrative databases has been validated. The Veterans Outcomes and Costs Associated with Liver Disease study is a multicenter collaborative study to evaluate the outcomes and costs of hepatocellular carcinoma in the U.S. Veterans Health Administration. We developed and validated an algorithm to calculate electronic CTP (eCTP) scores by using data from the Veterans Health Administration Corporate Data Warehouse.METHODS: Multiple algorithms for determining each CTP subscore from International Classification of Diseases version 9, Common Procedural Terminology, pharmacy, and laboratory data were devised and tested in 2 patient cohorts. For each cohort, 6 site investigators (Boston, Bronx, Brooklyn, Philadelphia, Minneapolis, and West Haven VA Medical Centers) were provided cases from which to determine validity of diagnosis, laboratory data, and clinical assessment of ascites and encephalopathy. The optimal algorithm (designated eCTP) was then applied to 30,840 cirrhotic patients alive in the first quarter of 2008 for whom 5-year overall and transplant-free survival data were available. The ability of the eCTP score and other disease severity scores (Charlson-Deyo index, Veterans Aging Cohort Study index, Model for End-Stage Liver Disease score, and Cirrhosis Comorbidity) to predict survival was then assessed by Cox proportional hazards regression.RESULTS: Spearman correlations for administrative and investigator validated laboratory data in the HCC and cirrhotic cohorts, respectively, were 0.85 and 0.92 for bilirubin, 0.92 and 0.87 for albumin, and 0.84 and 0.86 for international normalized ratio. In the HCC cohort, the overall eCTP score matched 96% of patients to within 1 point of the chart-validated CTP score (Spearman correlation, 0.81). In the cirrhosis cohort, 98% were matched to within 1 point of their actual CTP score (Spearman, 0.85). When applied to a cohort of 30,840 patients with cirrhosis, each unit change in eCTP was associated with 39% increase in the relative risk of death or transplantation. The Harrell C statistic for the eCTP (0.678) was numerically higher than those for other disease severity indices for predicting 5-year transplant-free survival. Adding other predictive models to the eCTP resulted in minimal differences in its predictive performance.CONCLUSION: We developed and validated an algorithm to extrapolate an eCTP score from data in a large administrative database with excellent correlation to actual CTP score on chart review. When applied to an administrative database, this algorithm is a highly useful predictor of survival when compared with multiple other published liver disease severity indices.
|
['Algorithms', 'Ascites', 'Cohort Studies', 'Databases, Factual', 'Electronic Health Records', 'Female', 'Hepatic Encephalopathy', 'Humans', 'Liver Cirrhosis', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Prognosis', 'Severity of Illness Index', 'Survival', 'United States']
| 26,188,137
|
[['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['C23.550.081'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['L01.313.500.750.300.188.400', 'L01.470.750.750'], ['E05.318.308.940.968.625.500', 'N04.452.859.564.650.125', 'N05.715.360.300.715.500.530.250', 'N06.850.520.308.940.968.625.250'], ['C06.552.308.500.356', 'C10.228.140.163.360', 'C18.452.132.360'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C06.552.630', 'C23.550.355.412'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.789'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475.456.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.364.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.364.500'], ['I03.784'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
[Clinical outcomes of trimetazidine in patients with acute ST segment elevation myocardial infarction without ST segment resolution after primary percutaneous coronary intervention].
|
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate prospectively the clinical outcomes of trimetazidine (TMZ) in patients with acute ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) without ST segment resolution (STR) after primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI).METHODS: From August 2005 to October 2007, 138 acute STEMI patients without STR after PPCI were randomly assigned to either with TMZ therapy (TMZ group, n = 70) or without TMZ (control group, n = 68). Baseline characteristics, PCI features and clinical outcomes during hospitalization were compared between the two groups. Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and major adverse cardiac events (MACE, including death, re-infarction and target vessel revascularization) at Days 30 and 180 after discharge were also compared.RESULTS: The baseline clinical characteristics were comparable between the two groups. There was no significant difference in MACE rates at Days 30 and 180 between the two groups (10/70 vs 11/68, P > 0.05; 15/70 vs 13/68, P > 0.05, respectively). The LVEFs of TMZ group at Days 30 and 180 were significantly superior to the control group (51 +/- 8)% vs (45 +/- 7)%, P < 0.05; (56 +/- 7)% vs (49 +/- 8)%, P < 0.05, respectively).CONCLUSION: Use of TMZ for patients with acute STEMI without STR after primary PCI can improve the left ventricular function at Days 30 and 180.
|
['Aged', 'Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary', 'Electrocardiography', 'Humans', 'Middle Aged', 'Myocardial Infarction', 'Prospective Studies', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Trimetazidine', 'Vasodilator Agents']
| 19,671,333
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['E02.148.050.060.100', 'E04.100.376.719.100', 'E04.100.814.529.124.060.100', 'E04.100.814.529.968.050', 'E04.502.382.124.060.100', 'E04.502.382.968.050', 'E04.928.220.520.100', 'E05.157.016.060.100'], ['E01.370.370.380.240', 'E01.370.405.240'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C14.280.647.500', 'C14.907.585.500', 'C23.550.513.355.750', 'C23.550.717.489.750'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['D03.383.606.920'], ['D27.505.954.411.918']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Effects of thyrotropin on thyroid chromatin. Enhanced sensitivity to micrococcal nuclease and increased nuclear protein phosphorylation.
|
Thyroid slices were incubated with or without TSH for 2 or 5 h. Nuclei were then prepared, subjected to mild digestion with micrococcal nuclease, and centrifuged at 1200 X g. The amount of DNA in 1200 X g supernatants was increased by TSH at 5 h, but not at 2 h. In parallel studies, thyroid slices were incubated with 32Pi and labeling of acid-soluble nuclear proteins was examined. TSH-dependent increases in labeling of histones H1 and H3, and of the high mobility group protein HMG 14, were observed at 2 h; however, there were no apparent changes in TSH-dependent labeling between 2 and 5 h, in nuclease-sensitive or in bulk chromatin. These results suggest that the observed TSH-dependent changes in the micrococcal nuclease-sensitivity of thyroid nuclear chromatin were not induced directly by changes in the phosphorylation of the histones or HMG 14.
|
['Animals', 'Cattle', 'Chromatin', 'DNA', 'Micrococcal Nuclease', 'Nucleoproteins', 'Phosphoproteins', 'Phosphorylation', 'Thyroid Gland', 'Thyrotropin']
| 6,860,668
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['A11.284.430.106.279.345.190.160.180', 'D12.776.664.224', 'G05.360.160.180'], ['D13.444.308'], ['D08.811.277.352.335.350.500', 'D08.811.277.352.355.325.500', 'D08.811.277.352.355.350.500', 'D08.811.277.352.700.350.500'], ['D12.776.664'], ['D12.776.744'], ['G02.111.665', 'G02.607.780', 'G03.796'], ['A06.300.900'], ['D06.472.699.631.525.883', 'D12.644.548.691.525.883']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Diffuse recidivant alveolar hemorrhage in a patient with hepatitis C virus-related mixed cryoglobulinemia.
|
A case of diffuse and recidivant alveolar hemorrhage is presented in a patient with hepatitis C virus-related type II mixed cryoglobulinemia with membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis. The patient was a 48-year-old white woman who suffered several outbreaks of pulmonary hemorrhage refractory to treatment with steroids, cyclophosphamide, azathioprine, plasmapheresis and interferon-alpha. The patient also presented persistent increased titers of immune complexes and rheumatoid factor with no histological hepatic alterations. Some considerations about evolution and treatment are given according to the updated physiopathology of this disease.
|
['Cryoglobulinemia', 'Fatal Outcome', 'Female', 'Glomerulonephritis, Membranoproliferative', 'Hemorrhage', 'Hepatitis C', 'Humans', 'Lung Diseases', 'Middle Aged', 'Pulmonary Alveoli']
| 10,229,169
|
[['C14.907.454.140', 'C15.378.147.780.243', 'C15.378.463.515.140', 'C20.683.780.250'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.325', 'N01.224.935.698.201', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.325', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.325'], ['C12.777.419.570.363.615', 'C13.351.968.419.570.363.615', 'C20.425'], ['C23.550.414'], ['C01.221.250.750', 'C01.925.440.440', 'C01.925.782.350.350', 'C06.552.380.705.440'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C08.381'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['A04.411.715']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Socio-economic and school factors of psychological and physical health in Siberian schoolchildren.
|
Cultural influences on psychological and physical health were examined in a sample of Russian schoolchildren in Novosibirsk. To evaluate the children's behaviour the translated short form of the Child Behaviour Checklist was given out to mothers. A School Adjustment Scale and the Rutter Teacher Questionnaire were completed by teachers and one total score was derived from the Rutter Health Questionnaire for children. Children from disturbed families had worse school adjustment and more behavioural problems. Acute respiratory diseases were more frequent in children from large families, while the mother's education level was a protective factor. Academic attainment was positively related to parents' education, CBCL Somatic Complaints and the occurrence of psychosomatic and inflammatory diseases, and negatively related to Externalising Problems. The CBCL Somatic complaints score was the key variable in the prediction of most physical health variables. Overall, the findings show the significance of academic attainment for a child's physical and psychological health. Low academic attainment tends to be connected with Externalising Problems, while higher attainment could be connected with somatisation and physical illness.
|
['Adolescent', 'Child', 'Child Behavior', 'Female', 'Health Status Indicators', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Mental Health', 'Siberia', 'Social Class']
| 11,507,981
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.406'], ['F01.145.179'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F02.418', 'N01.400.500'], ['Z01.252.122.500.500'], ['I01.880.853.996.755', 'N01.824.782']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
A Carbon Nanotube Optical Reporter Maps Endolysosomal Lipid Flux.
|
Lipid accumulation within the lumen of endolysosomal vesicles is observed in various pathologies including atherosclerosis, liver disease, neurological disorders, lysosomal storage disorders, and cancer. Current methods cannot measure lipid flux specifically within the lysosomal lumen of live cells. We developed an optical reporter, composed of a photoluminescent carbon nanotube of a single chirality, that responds to lipid accumulation via modulation of the nanotube's optical band gap. The engineered nanomaterial, composed of short, single-stranded DNA and a single nanotube chirality, localizes exclusively to the lumen of endolysosomal organelles without adversely affecting cell viability or proliferation or organelle morphology, integrity, or function. The emission wavelength of the reporter can be spatially resolved from within the endolysosomal lumen to generate quantitative maps of lipid content in live cells. Endolysosomal lipid accumulation in cell lines, an example of drug-induced phospholipidosis, was observed for multiple drugs in macrophages, and measurements of patient-derived Niemann-Pick type C fibroblasts identified lipid accumulation and phenotypic reversal of this lysosomal storage disease. Single-cell measurements using the reporter discerned subcellular differences in equilibrium lipid content, illuminating significant intracellular heterogeneity among endolysosomal organelles of differentiating bone-marrow-derived monocytes. Single-cell kinetics of lipoprotein-derived cholesterol accumulation within macrophages revealed rates that differed among cells by an order of magnitude. This carbon nanotube optical reporter of endolysosomal lipid content in live cells confers additional capabilities for drug development processes and the investigation of lipid-linked diseases.
|
['Atherosclerosis', 'DNA, Single-Stranded', 'Endosomes', 'Humans', 'Lipids', 'Luminescent Measurements', 'Lysosomes', 'Macrophages', 'Monocytes', 'Nanotubes, Carbon', 'Niemann-Pick Disease, Type C', 'Optics and Photonics', 'Single-Cell Analysis', 'Transport Vesicles']
| 28,898,055
|
[['C14.907.137.126.307'], ['D13.444.308.497', 'G02.111.570.820.486.437', 'G05.360.580.437'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.190.880.337'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D10'], ['E05.196.712.516'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.190.550'], ['A11.329.372', 'A11.627.482', 'A11.733.397', 'A15.382.670.522', 'A15.382.680.397'], ['A11.118.637.555.652', 'A11.148.580', 'A11.627.624', 'A11.733.547', 'A15.145.229.637.555.652', 'A15.378.316.580', 'A15.382.490.555.652', 'A15.382.670.547', 'A15.382.680.547'], ['D01.268.150.250.500', 'J01.637.512.850.500'], ['C10.228.140.163.100.435.825.700.875', 'C15.604.250.410.625.875', 'C16.320.565.189.435.825.700.875', 'C16.320.565.398.641.803.730.875', 'C16.320.565.595.554.825.700.875', 'C18.452.132.100.435.825.700.875', 'C18.452.584.687.803.730.875', 'C18.452.648.189.435.825.700.875', 'C18.452.648.398.641.803.730.875', 'C18.452.648.595.554.825.700.875'], ['H01.671.617', 'J01.293.688'], ['E05.242.900'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.190.880']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
An attempt at topical DNCB immunomodulation in advanced malignant melanoma.
|
Nineteen patients with malignant melanoma metastatic to the skin, subcutaneous tissue or lymph nodes were treated with DNCB applied to the lesion. None of the patients was amenable to any other form of treatment. During the 20-month follow-up, complete remission occurred in 3 patients and partial remission in 3 patients, 1 patient showed stabilization of the disease, and in the remaining 12 not even transient improvement was observed.
|
['Administration, Topical', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Dinitrochlorobenzene', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Lymphatic Metastasis', 'Melanoma', 'Middle Aged', 'Skin Neoplasms']
| 3,217,986
|
[['E02.319.267.120'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.261.250', 'D02.455.426.559.389.565.250', 'D02.455.526.439.202.200', 'D02.640.529.240.250', 'D23.050.550.480.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.697.650.560', 'C23.550.727.650.560'], ['C04.557.465.625.650.510', 'C04.557.580.625.650.510', 'C04.557.665.510'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04.588.805', 'C17.800.882']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Risk assessment of premature drug release during wet granulation of ordered mesoporous silica loaded with poorly soluble compounds itraconazole, fenofibrate, naproxen, and ibuprofen.
|
In this study, the potential of wet granulation of ordered mesoporous silica (OMS) material was evaluated to assess the risk of premature drug release during processing and to improve the bulk powder flow properties and compactibility for the development of an immediate release oral dosage form. The poorly water soluble model compounds, itraconazole, fenofibrate, naproxen, and ibuprofen were loaded into the model OMS, COK-12, and granulated using a polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) binder solution. Preliminary assessments were made with itraconazole loaded COK-12 to study the effects of the initial drug load, binder concentration, binder addition rate, and granulation temperature on premature drug release. Comparison to pure COK-12 revealed particle size enlargement and enhanced powder flow based on Carr Index and Hausner Ratio results. Following compression to 120 MPa, the compactibility of the granulated material also improved when compared to the untreated COK-12. In vitro release of itraconazole from the compressed granulated material was assessed with and without the disintegrant, croscarmellose sodium. Incorporation of 2.4 wt. croscarmellose sodium prior to compression successfully recovered the slight release loss following compression. To assess premature drug release, developments made with itraconazole loaded COK-12 were applied to loaded fenofibrate, naproxen, and ibuprofen. Results from modulated differential scanning calorimetry (MDSC) indicated that the risk of premature drug release during wet granulation was primarily compound dependent. These findings highlight challenges in preparation for a successful manufacturing process of OMS based formulations.
|
['Calorimetry, Differential Scanning', 'Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium', 'Excipients', 'Fenofibrate', 'Ibuprofen', 'Itraconazole', 'Naproxen', 'Particle Size', 'Porosity', 'Powders', 'Risk Assessment', 'Silicon Dioxide', 'Solubility', 'Temperature']
| 22,306,694
|
[['E05.196.131.310', 'E05.196.370.310'], ['D09.698.365.180.663.329'], ['D26.650.700.419', 'D27.720.744.770.419'], ['D02.241.081.114.968.500.625', 'D02.355.726.305.625', 'D02.455.426.559.389.134.750', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.654.305.625', 'D02.522.223.750'], ['D02.241.223.701.430'], ['D03.383.129.799.550', 'D03.383.606.530'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.638.472.500', 'D04.615.638.472.450'], ['G02.712'], ['G01.374.710'], ['D26.255.779'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.715', 'N04.452.871.715', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.690', 'N06.850.505.715', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.715'], ['D01.578.750', 'D01.650.550.825', 'D01.837.725'], ['G02.805'], ['G01.906.595', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710', 'G16.500.750.775.710', 'N06.230.150.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Transactivation of lifeguard (LFG) by Akt-/LEF-1 pathway in MCF-7 and MDA-MB 231 human breast cancer cells.
|
Lifeguard (LFG) has been identified as a molecule that uniquely inhibits death mediated by Fas. The molecular function of human LFG and its regulation in carcinogenesis is uncertain. In our study, we investigated the potential regulation of LFG expression by Akt/LEF-1 pathway. The Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3) can be regulated by different signaling pathways including those mediated by protein kinase Akt. Inhibition of GSK3beta subunits activity results in the stabilisation of the beta-catenin protein and its accumulation in the nucleus, where it associates with members of the TCF/LEF-1 family of transcription factors to mediate gene transcription. In Western blots, RT-PCR and by small interfering RNA directed against LEF-1, we demonstrated that LFG expression correlates with GSK3beta and LEF-1 activation. Moreover, we showed that LFG mRNA was down-regulated after transfection with siRNA against LEF-1 in MDA-MB-231 cells. Our results therefore identify LFG as a target of the Akt/LEF-1 pathway in MDA-MB-231 breast tumour cells, a regulation which could play a key role in breast tumour progression.
|
['Apoptosis', 'Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins', 'Breast Neoplasms', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Female', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic', 'Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3', 'Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta', 'Humans', 'Lymphoid Enhancer-Binding Factor 1', 'Membrane Proteins', 'Promoter Regions, Genetic', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt', 'RNA Interference', 'Signal Transduction', 'Transcriptional Activation']
| 20,336,373
|
[['G04.146.954.035'], ['D12.644.360.075', 'D12.776.476.075'], ['C04.588.180', 'C17.800.090.500'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['G05.308.370'], ['D05.500.117.875', 'D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.429.500', 'D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.646.625', 'D12.644.360.300.500', 'D12.776.476.081.875', 'D12.776.476.300.500'], ['D05.500.117.875.500', 'D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.429.500.500', 'D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.646.625.500', 'D12.644.360.300.500.500', 'D12.776.476.081.875.500', 'D12.776.476.300.500.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.260.730.500', 'D12.776.660.235.400.800.500', 'D12.776.664.235.400.800.500', 'D12.776.930.875.500'], ['D12.776.543'], ['G02.111.570.080.689.675', 'G05.360.080.689.675', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.750.680'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.755', 'D12.776.476.565', 'D12.776.624.664.700.168'], ['G05.308.203.374.790'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['G05.308.800']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Crosstalk between pathways enhances the controllability of signalling networks.
|
The control of complex networks is one of the most challenging problems in the fields of biology and engineering. In this study, the authors explored the controllability and control energy of several signalling networks, which consisted of many interconnected pathways, including networks with a bow-tie architecture. On the basis of the theory of structure controllability, they revealed that biological mechanisms, such as cross-pathway interactions, compartmentalisation and so on make the networks easier to fully control. Furthermore, using numerical simulations for two realistic examples, they demonstrated that the control energy of normal networks with crosstalk is lower than in networks without crosstalk. These results indicate that the biological networks are optimally designed to achieve their normal functions from the viewpoint of the control theory. The authors' work provides a comprehensive understanding of the impact of network structures and properties on controllability.
|
['Algorithms', 'Models, Biological', 'Signal Transduction', 'Systems Biology']
| 26,816,393
|
[['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['E05.599.395'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['H01.158.273.180.800']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Is there an increased risk for renal tumors during long-term treatment with lithium?].
|
Lithium salts are the recommended first-line treatment (gold standard) in national and international treatment guidelines for acute and maintenance treatment of affective disorders, such as bipolar disorders. Lithium has also been shown to have a unique protective effect against suicide in patients suffering from affective disorders. Despite the well-known acute and long-term adverse effects lithium therapy can be safely administered if patients are properly educated and carefully monitored. A recent study from France now shows that patients with severely impaired renal function who had been treated with lithium salts for more than 10 years could have an increased risk for kidney tumors (benign and malignant). This resulted in an adjustment concerning information within the package leaflet by European authorities. The authors of this article reflect the currently available data in order to better understand and handle this new finding and to warn about uncritical reactions including withdrawal of lithium in successfully treated patients. This article provides clinical recommendations to provide further insight relating to the risk of kidney cancer in long-term lithium therapy.
|
['Bipolar Disorder', 'Comorbidity', 'Europe', 'Evidence-Based Medicine', 'Humans', 'Kidney Neoplasms', 'Lithium Compounds', 'Risk Factors', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 26,341,836
|
[['F03.084.500'], ['N05.715.350.225', 'N06.850.490.687'], ['Z01.542'], ['H02.249.750', 'H02.403.200.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.588.945.947.535', 'C12.758.820.750', 'C12.777.419.473', 'C13.351.937.820.535', 'C13.351.968.419.473'], ['D01.510'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Characterization of human immune responses to the cytosolic superoxide dismutase and glutathione S-transferase from Onchocerca volvulus.
|
In onchocerciasis patients and in O. volvulus-exposed individuals without signs of onchocericiasis, T- and B-cell responses to two recombinantly expressed O. volvulus enzymes were analysed and compared to responses to total protein extract of adult parasites. The cytosolic enzymes Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase 1 (OvSOD1) and glutathione S-transferase 2 (OvGST2) represent 2 detoxifying molecules which may play an important role in parasite defense against host-induced oxidative stress. The T-cell response to the two recombinant proteins was analysed by investigating the cytokine responses of peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Induction of IL-5 at the mRNA level and IL-5 and IL-10 at the protein level was demonstrated in patients with the generalized form of onchocerciasis and endemic normals without clinical manifestations. IFN-gamma was not found to be induced by either antigen. This pattern of lymphokine expression is indicative of a Th2-type response. Compared to patients with the generalized form, a higher level of cytokine induction was observed in the group of endemic normals. Low but significant IgG levels were observed against OvSOD1 in patients with onchocerciasis; higher antibody levels were found against OvGST2 in patients and endemic normals. The highest IgG levels were detected against the crude O. volvulus extract. These results indicate that the two recombinant O. volvulus proteins induce moderate T and B cell responses.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Animals', 'Antibodies, Helminth', 'Antigens, Helminth', 'B-Lymphocytes', 'Child', 'Cytosol', 'Female', 'Glutathione Transferase', 'Humans', 'Immunoglobulin G', 'Interferon-gamma', 'Interleukin-10', 'Interleukin-5', 'Leukocytes, Mononuclear', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Onchocerca volvulus', 'Onchocerciasis', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Recombinant Proteins', 'Superoxide Dismutase', 'T-Lymphocytes']
| 9,294,549
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['B01.050'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.185', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.185', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.185'], ['D23.050.223'], ['A11.063.438', 'A11.118.637.555.567.562', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.562', 'A15.382.032.438', 'A15.382.490.555.567.562'], ['M01.060.406'], ['A11.284.430.214.200', 'A11.284.430.429.200', 'A11.284.835.450.200'], ['D08.811.913.225.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.619.393', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.619.393', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.619.393'], ['D12.644.276.374.440.893', 'D12.644.276.374.480.615.350', 'D12.776.467.374.440.893', 'D12.776.467.374.480.615.350', 'D23.529.374.440.893', 'D23.529.374.480.615.350'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.510', 'D12.776.467.374.465.510', 'D23.529.374.465.510'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.202', 'D12.776.467.374.465.186', 'D23.529.374.465.202'], ['A11.118.637.555', 'A15.145.229.637.555', 'A15.382.490.555'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['B01.050.500.500.294.400.937.463.510.850'], ['C01.610.335.508.700.750.361.699', 'C01.610.858.650', 'C17.800.838.775.690'], ['E05.393.620.500'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['D12.776.828'], ['D08.811.682.881'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.569', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Phage-Antibiotic Synergy (PAS): beta-lactam and quinolone antibiotics stimulate virulent phage growth.
|
Although the multiplication of bacteriophages (phages) has a substantial impact on the biosphere, comparatively little is known about how the external environment affects phage production. Here we report that sub-lethal concentrations of certain antibiotics can substantially stimulate the host bacterial cell's production of some virulent phage. For example, a low dosage of cefotaxime, a cephalosporin, increased an uropathogenic Escherichia coli strain's production of the phage PhiMFP by more than 7-fold. We name this phenomenon Phage-Antibiotic Synergy (PAS). A related effect was observed in diverse host-phage systems, including the T4-like phages, with beta-lactam and quinolone antibiotics, as well as mitomycin C. A common characteristic of these antibiotics is that they inhibit bacterial cell division and trigger the SOS system. We therefore examined the PAS effect within the context of the bacterial SOS and filamentation responses. We found that the PAS effect appears SOS-independent and is primarily a consequence of cellular filamentation; it is mimicked by cells that constitutively filament. The fact that completely unrelated phages manifest this phenomenon suggests that it confers an important and general advantage to the phages.
|
['Anti-Bacterial Agents', 'Bacteriophages', 'DNA, Bacterial', 'Escherichia coli', 'Quinolones', 'Viral Proteins', 'beta-Lactams']
| 17,726,529
|
[['D27.505.954.122.085'], ['B04.123'], ['D13.444.308.212'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['D03.633.100.810.835'], ['D12.776.964'], ['D02.065.589.099', 'D02.886.108', 'D03.633.100.300']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
EpiFloripa Health Survey: the methodological and operational aspects behind the scenes.
|
The present study aims at describing the sampling plan, operational aspects and strategies used to optimize the field work of a cross-sectional, population-based study conducted in a southern capital of Brazil. For this purpose, the sample design, data collection instrument, selection of interviewers, pilot study, data collection, field logistics, quality control, consistency control, costs, and divulgation of results are herein described. The study's response rate was 85.3%. We found that the comparison of frequency measurements with and without self-assessment had no significant impact on the estimates, and that the design effect, estimated at 2, was sufficient for most calculations. The reproducibility of the questionnaire was satisfactory, with Kappa values and intraclass correlation coefficients ranging from 0.6 to 0.9. The strategies used to overcome operational problems, such as counting of households, use of maps, questionnaire structuring, rigorous organization of the field work and monitoring of the estimates were fundamental in conducting the study.
|
['Adult', 'Brazil', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Female', 'Health Surveys', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Pilot Projects', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Young Adult']
| 24,896,789
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['Z01.107.757.176'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['E05.318.308.980.438', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.372.750', 'E05.337.737', 'N05.715.360.330.720', 'N06.850.520.450.720'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Effects of etanercept versus sulfasalazine in early axial spondyloarthritis on active inflammatory lesions as detected by whole-body MRI (ESTHER): a 48-week randomised controlled trial.
|
PURPOSE: To evaluate the potential of etanercept versus sulfasalazine to reduce active inflammatory lesions on whole-body MRI in active axial spondyloarthritis with a symptom duration of less than 5 years.METHODS: Patients were randomly assigned to etanercept (n=40) or sulfasalazine (n=36) treatment over 48 weeks. All patients showed active inflammatory lesions (bone marrow oedema) on MRI in either the sacroiliac joints or the spine. MRI was performed at weeks 0, 24 and 48 and was scored for active inflammatory lesions in sacroiliac joints and the spine including posterior segments and peripheral enthesitis by two radiologists, blinded for treatment arm and MRI time point.RESULTS: In the etanercept group, the reduction of the sacroiliac joint score from 7.7 at baseline to 2.0 at week 48 was significantly (p=0.02) larger compared with the sulfasalazine group from 5.4 at baseline to 3.5 at week 48. A similar difference in the reduction of inflammation was found in the spine from 2.2 to 1.0 in the etanercept group versus from 1.4 to 1.3 in the sulfasalazine group between baseline and week 48, respectively (p=0.01). The number of enthesitic sites also improved significantly from 26 to 11 in the etanercept group versus 24 to 26 in the sulfasalazine group (p=0.04 for difference). 50% of patients reached clinical remission in the etanercept group versus 19% in the sulfasalazine group at week 48.CONCLUSION: In patients with early axial spondyloarthritis active inflammatory lesions detected by whole-body MRI improved significantly more in etanercept versus sulfasalazine-treated patients. This effect correlated with a good clinical response in the etanercept group.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Antirheumatic Agents', 'Epidemiologic Methods', 'Etanercept', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Immunoglobulin G', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor', 'Sacroiliac Joint', 'Spine', 'Spondylarthritis', 'Sulfasalazine', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha', 'Young Adult']
| 21,372,193
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['D27.505.954.329'], ['E05.318', 'N06.850.520'], ['D12.644.541.500.697.624', 'D12.776.124.486.485.538.500.624', 'D12.776.124.486.485.680.697.624', 'D12.776.124.790.651.538.500.624', 'D12.776.124.790.651.680.660.624', 'D12.776.377.715.548.538.500.624', 'D12.776.377.715.548.680.660.624', 'D12.776.543.750.705.852.760.232'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.619.393', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.619.393', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.619.393'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.852.760'], ['A02.835.583.707'], ['A02.835.232.834'], ['C05.116.900.853.625', 'C05.550.114.865'], ['D02.065.884.730', 'D02.886.590.700.730'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['D12.644.276.374.500.800', 'D12.644.276.374.750.626', 'D12.776.124.900', 'D12.776.395.930', 'D12.776.467.374.500.800', 'D12.776.467.374.750.626', 'D23.529.374.500.800', 'D23.529.374.750.626'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Anterior encephalocele.
|
Eighteen cases of anterior encephalocele treated at the University of Malaya Hospital between 1970 and 1980 are discussed, and the literature concerning this defect is reviewed. A detailed analysis of the microscopic abnormalities present in the surgical specimens is included, along with the relevant radiographic and demographic data. Anterior encephalocele is more common in Southeast Asia than elsewhere. The possible ethnographic and geographic implications are presented, as well as a discussion of the relevant embryology, in attempting to define possible etiologies for this malformation. The author's surgical approach to the repair of this defect and reasons for preferring a transcranial, intradural approach are described. Potential complications are enumerated.
|
['Adult', 'Encephalocele', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Malaysia', 'Male', 'Methods']
| 7,452,336
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['C10.500.680.488', 'C16.131.666.680.488', 'C23.300.707.186'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['Z01.252.145.487'], ['E05.581']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
|
Multiple myeloma in central Norway 1981-1982: a randomized clinical trial of 5-drug combination therapy versus standard therapy.
|
67 previously untreated patients with multiple myeloma were entered on a randomized clinical trial to determine whether the use of combination chemotherapy including vincristine, carmustine, alkylating agents, and prednisone was more effective than conventional therapy with melphalan and prednisone. The treatment groups did not show significant differences with respect to major prognostic factors. With the 2-drug combination therapy and 5-drug combination therapy, 67 and 74% of the patients achieved remission, respectively. Moreover, no significant difference was found between the two treatment schedules in terms of median survival (30+ months). The survival curves for stage III patients treated with the two regimens did not differ significantly. After 12 months, patients who had achieved remission were randomized to have treatment discontinued or to have maintenance treatment. 7 of 15 patients on maintenance therapy relapsed, whereas 9 of 14 patients who had their therapy discontinued relapsed, and the survival of the two groups was similar.
|
['Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols', 'Carmustine', 'Clinical Trials as Topic', 'Cyclophosphamide', 'Humans', 'Melphalan', 'Multiple Myeloma', 'Prednisone', 'Random Allocation', 'Vincristine']
| 3,538,367
|
[['E02.183.750.500', 'E02.319.077.500', 'E02.319.310.037'], ['D02.065.950.594.247', 'D02.654.692.247'], ['E05.318.372.250.250', 'N05.715.360.330.250.250', 'N06.850.520.450.250.250'], ['D02.455.526.728.650.730.243', 'D02.705.672.500.243'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D02.455.526.728.650.594', 'D12.125.072.050.685.500'], ['C04.557.595.500', 'C14.907.454.460', 'C15.378.147.780.650', 'C15.378.463.515.460', 'C20.683.515.845', 'C20.683.780.650'], ['D04.210.500.745.432.719.702'], ['E05.318.370.700', 'E05.581.500.805', 'N05.715.360.325.675', 'N06.850.520.445.700'], ['D03.132.436.681.827.817', 'D03.633.100.473.402.681.827.817', 'D03.633.100.496.500.500.681.827.817']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Cellular retinoic acid-binding protein type II is expressed in adult human osteoblasts and in adult liver.
|
In this study we have used a reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to demonstrate that adult primary human osteoblasts and SaOS-2, a human osteosarcoma-derived cell line with osteoblastic properties, express cellular retinol-binding protein I (CRBP I), cellular retinoic acid-binding protein II (CRABP II), and very low levels of CRABP I. We also show that CRABP II is expressed in the adult liver, which does not express CRABP I. The results suggest that CRABP II is the important isoform in the adult bone as well as in the adult liver. Since the 9-cis retinoic acid receptor (RXR) alpha previously has been shown to be expressed predominantly in the liver, CRABP II might be involved in the transport of 9-cis retinoic acid to its nuclear receptor.
|
['Adult', 'Base Sequence', 'Carrier Proteins', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Humans', 'Liver', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Oligodeoxyribonucleotides', 'Osteoblasts', 'Osteosarcoma', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'RNA', 'Receptors, Retinoic Acid', 'Tretinoin', 'Tumor Cells, Cultured']
| 1,282,801
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['D12.776.157'], ['A11.251'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A03.620'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['D13.695.578.424.450'], ['A11.329.629'], ['C04.557.450.565.575.650', 'C04.557.450.795.620'], ['E05.393.620.500'], ['D13.444.735'], ['D12.776.826.701', 'D12.776.930.775'], ['D02.455.326.271.665.202.495.818.500', 'D02.455.426.392.368.367.379.249.700.860.500', 'D02.455.849.131.495.818.800', 'D02.455.849.291.925.500', 'D23.767.261.700.780'], ['A11.251.860']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
The influence of film processing temperature and time on mammographic image quality.
|
High image quality and low radiation levels are essential in mammography. This study investigates the effect of changes in processor temperatures and developing times on sensitometric findings. These findings were matched with the changes in the image quality during similar changes in the developing parameters. Temperatures ranging between 35 degrees C and 40 degrees C and developing times from 20 s and 50 s were investigated. Higher developing temperatures and increased developing times resulted in an increase in film speed and film contrast. A definite pattern of change could be demonstrated in film speed and film contrast during sensitometry. The same pattern of change could, however, not be demonstrated in the quality of phantom images under similar circumstances. The base plus fog level was not adversely affected. Sensitometric findings of film speed can be effectively used as an indicator of radiation exposure to the patient, but cannot be used to establish the developing parameters that will give the best image quality. Both these methods should be used to determine which processing variables should be used to obtain a combination of the best image with radiation as low as possible. Recommendations for optimum processing parameters are made for the films and processing chemistry investigated.
|
['Female', 'Humans', 'Mammography', 'Models, Structural', 'Technology, Radiologic', 'Temperature', 'Time Factors', 'X-Ray Film']
| 7,719,681
|
[['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.700.500'], ['J01.897.280.500.545', 'L01.178.820.090.545'], ['E05.920', 'H02.010.850', 'J01.897.891'], ['G01.906.595', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710', 'G16.500.750.775.710', 'N06.230.150.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710'], ['G01.910.857'], ['E07.960']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Effect of Scrophularia buergeriana extract on the degranulation of mast cells and ear swelling induced by dinitrofluorobenzene in mice.
|
Scrophularia buergeriana Miquel (Scrophulariaceae, SB) is a biennial plant native to Korea, northern China, and Japan that plays an important role in traditional medicine. The dried root of SB has long been used in oriental medicine for treatment of fever, swelling, constipation, pharyngitis, neuritis, and laryngitis. In the present study, we evaluated the ethanol extract of SB (SBE) to determine if it exerted any anti-allergic effects that had not previously been demonstrated. SBE markedly inhibited â-hexosaminidase and histamine release and suppressed the expression of tumor necrosis factor-á and interleukin-4 cytokines by RBL-2H3 mast cells. In addition, topical treatment with SBE effectively reduced allergic inflammation in a dinitrofluorobenzene-induced contact hypersensitivity mouse model. These results strongly suggest that SBE is a promising source of anti-allergic agents.
|
['Animals', 'Anti-Allergic Agents', 'Cell Degranulation', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Dermatitis, Contact', 'Dinitrofluorobenzene', 'Ear', 'Edema', 'Histamine Release', 'Inflammation', 'Interleukin-4', 'Mast Cells', 'Medicine, East Asian Traditional', 'Mice', 'Plant Extracts', 'Scrophularia', 'Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha', 'beta-N-Acetylhexosaminidases']
| 21,318,391
|
[['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.016'], ['G04.468.160'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['C17.800.174.255', 'C17.800.815.255'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.565.280', 'D02.640.529.240.280'], ['A01.456.313', 'A09.246'], ['C23.888.277'], ['G12.350'], ['C23.550.470'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.186', 'D12.776.467.374.465.178', 'D23.529.374.465.186'], ['A11.329.427', 'A15.382.652'], ['E02.190.488.585', 'I01.076.201.450.654.558'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['D20.215.784.500', 'D26.667'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.583.800.855'], ['D12.644.276.374.500.800', 'D12.644.276.374.750.626', 'D12.776.124.900', 'D12.776.395.930', 'D12.776.467.374.500.800', 'D12.776.467.374.750.626', 'D23.529.374.500.800', 'D23.529.374.750.626'], ['D08.811.277.450.483.180']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Occurrence of argyrophilic grains in multiple system atrophy: histopathological examination of 26 autopsy cases].
|
Argyrophilic grain disease (AGD) is a progressive disorder producing dementia in elderly individuals characterized by the presence of numerous AGs in the limbic system. However, the occurrence of AGs has been reported in other neurodegenerative conditions including Alzheimer's disease, Pick's disease, progressive supranuclear palsy and corticobasal degeneration, all of which show tau-positive cytoskeletal abnormalities. We examined the brains of 26 patients with multiple system atrophy (MSA), a neurodegenerative disorder fundamentally lacking tau pathology, histologically and immunocytochemically. Numerous AGs were found in the limbic system in 5 patients, of whom two had shown mild dementia. Immunocytochemically, these AGs were labeled with antibodies against phosphorylation-dependent and -independent tau protein, but not alpha-synuclein, whereas oligodendroglial cytoplasmic inclusions found exclusively in MSA were immunoreactive for alpha-synuclein and, less consistently, for phosphorylation-independent tau but not for phosphorylation-dependent tau protein. Furthermore, many phosphorylation-dependent tau-positive neurons and significant numbers of ballooned neurons (BNs) were found in the limbic system in all of the 5 patients with AGs. These findings suggest that AGs can occur with relatively high frequency in the limbic system of MSA patients, and that as in AGD, they may be accompanied by tau-positive neurons and BNs.
|
['Aged', 'Brain', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Multiple System Atrophy', 'Phosphorylation', 'tau Proteins']
| 10,396,750
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['A08.186.211'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C10.177.575.550', 'C10.228.140.079.612', 'C10.228.662.550', 'C10.574.928.625'], ['G02.111.665', 'G02.607.780', 'G03.796'], ['D12.776.220.600.450.510', 'D12.776.631.560.510']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
A re-assessment of the effects of intracortical delivery of inosine on transmidline growth of corticospinal tract axons after unilateral lesions of the medullary pyramid.
|
This study was undertaken as part of the NIH "Facilities of Research Excellence-Spinal Cord Injury", which supports independent replication of published studies. Here, we repeat an experiment reporting that intracortical delivery of inosine promoted trans-midline growth of corticospinal tract (CST) axons in the spinal cord after unilateral injury to the medullary pyramid. Rats received unilateral transections of the medullary pyramid and 1 day later, a cannula assembly was implanted into the sensorimotor cortex contralateral to the pyramidotomy to deliver either inosine or vehicle. The cannula assembly was attached to an osmotic minipump that was implanted sub-cutaneously. Seventeen or 18 days post-injury, the CST was traced by making multiple injections of miniruby-BDA into the sensorimotor cortex. Rats were killed for tract tracing 14 days after the BDA injections. Sections through the cervical spinal cord were stained for BDA and immunostained for GAP43 and GFAP. Our results revealed no evidence for enhanced growth of CST axons across the midline of the dorsal column in rats that received intracortical infusion of inosine. Possible reasons for the failure to replicate are discussed.
|
['Animals', 'Axons', 'Cerebral Cortex', 'Drug Delivery Systems', 'Drug Evaluation, Preclinical', 'Inosine', 'Male', 'Medulla Oblongata', 'Nerve Regeneration', 'Pyramidal Tracts', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley']
| 21,946,267
|
[['B01.050'], ['A08.675.542.145', 'A11.284.180.075', 'A11.671.137', 'A11.671.501.145'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500'], ['E02.319.300'], ['E05.290.750', 'E05.337.550'], ['D03.633.100.759.590.616', 'D13.570.583.616', 'D13.570.800.573'], ['A08.186.211.132.810.591.500'], ['G11.561.585', 'G16.762.611'], ['A08.186.854.300', 'A08.612.380.730'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Occupation and suicide among males in the US Armed Forces.
|
During the period 1980 to 1992, 95% of the 3178 military suicide victims were men and 92% enlisted; of the men, 71% were aged 20 to 34, 82% were white, and 61% used a firearm. Information extracted from the Report of Casualty of the Worldwide Casualty System maintained by the Department of Defense was used to describe the occupational risk among military men. Occupations related to the use of or access to firearms were associated with a significant risk of suicide when compared to other military occupations. Collectively, military security and law enforcement specialists had a significant occupational rate ratio (1.25; 95% confidence interval: 1.02, 1.53; P < 0.05). This corresponds to findings from national civilian labor force fatality data where police and detectives are also at an elevated risk of suicide. Because the scope and work of these military high-risk groups may differ from service to service, additional occupational information should be examined to facilitate a better understanding of the complex etiology of suicide and to develop appropriate prevention strategies.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Cause of Death', 'Firearms', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Military Personnel', 'Occupations', 'Risk Factors', 'Social Control, Formal', 'Suicide', 'United States']
| 8,680,630
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.250', 'N01.224.935.698.100', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.250', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.250'], ['J01.637.870.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['M01.526.625'], ['N01.824.547'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['I01.880.604', 'N03.706'], ['F01.145.126.980.875', 'I01.880.735.856'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Vasopressin deficiency and pressor hypersensitivity in hemodynamically unstable organ donors.
|
BACKGROUND: Solid organ donors often develop hypotension due to vasodilation, and recently we observed that a variety of vasodilatory states are characterized by vasopressin deficiency and hypersensitivity. Thus, we investigated the prevalence of vasopressin deficiency in hypotensive solid organ donors without clinical evidence of diabetes insipidus; we also investigated the vasopressor effect of vasopressin replacement in hypotensive donors.METHODS AND RESULTS: Fifty organ donors were evaluated for hemodynamic instability, (mean arterial pressure [MAP]</= 70 mm Hg despite the use of catecholamine vasopressors), and in those unstable donors who were not already receiving exogenous vasopressin, low-dose vasopressin was administered as a continuous infusion (0. 04 to 0.1 U/min). MAP, catecholamine requirements, serum vasopressin, and serum osmolality were obtained before and after vasopressin administration. Ten patients meeting the enrollment criteria received vasopressin and MAP increased from 72.2+/-3.5 to 89.8+/-4.2 mm Hg, (P<0.05), allowing for complete discontinuation of catecholamine pressors in 4 (40%) patients and a decrement in pressor dose in 4 (40%). Plasma vasopressin levels (2.9+/-0.8 pg/mL) were low for the degree of hypotension.CONCLUSIONS: Hemodynamically unstable organ donors without clinically apparent diabetes insipidus display a defect in the baroreflex-mediated secretion of vasopressin. In these patients, low-dose vasopressin significantly increases blood pressure with a pressor response sufficient to reduce catecholamine administration.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Baroreflex', 'Blood Pressure', 'Female', 'Hemodynamics', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Osmolar Concentration', 'Tissue Donors', 'Vasopressins']
| 10,567,311
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['G09.330.380.057', 'G11.561.731.063'], ['E01.370.600.875.249', 'G09.330.380.076'], ['G09.330.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G02.640'], ['M01.898'], ['D06.472.699.631.692.781', 'D12.644.400.900', 'D12.644.456.925', 'D12.644.548.691.692.781', 'D12.776.631.650.937']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Conformational study of eight-membered diazocine turn mimics by two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy.
|
The eight-membered ring conformations of two diazocine turn mimics, methyl-[2,5-dioxo-3-(S)-(3-omega-tosyl-guanidino-propyl)-4-methyl-octahy dro- 1,4-diazocin-1-yl]acetate (I) and methyl-[2,5-dioxo-3-(S)-(3-omega-tosyl-guanidino-propyl)-octahydro-1,4- diazocin-1-yl]acetate (II), were determined using torsion angle constraints derived from 3J(C,H) coupling constants extracted from 13C-filtered TOCSY spectra with 13C in natural abundance. For I, the torsion angle constraints derived from 3J(C,H) coupling constants were in agreement with torsion angle constraints derived from 3J(H,H) coupling constants extracted from a P.E. COSY spectrum. Similar 3J(C,H) coupling constants were found for I and II, and they shared an identical eight-membered ring conformation characterized by two cis-amide bonds and a staggered conformation of the trimethylene group in which the H3 proton is proximal to both the H6 and H8 protons.
|
['Azocines', 'Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy', 'Models, Molecular', 'Molecular Structure', 'Oligopeptides', 'Protein Conformation']
| 7,957,914
|
[['D03.383.113'], ['E05.196.867.519'], ['E05.599.595'], ['G02.111.570', 'G02.466'], ['D12.644.456'], ['G02.111.570.820.709']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
THM, HAA and CNCl formation from UV irradiation and chlor(am)ination of selected organic waters.
|
The formation of disinfection by-products (DBPs), including chloroform, dichloroacetic acid (DCAA), trichloroacetic acid (TCAA), and cyanogen chloride (CNCl) after sequential exposure of four organic waters to UV irradiation via either low- or medium-pressure lamps and free chlorine (or preformed monochloramine) under practical conditions was simulated. Statistically significant changes in the DBP formation from chlorination due to the additional UV irradiation are commonly observed under testing conditions, although some of these changes are not practically significant. The impacts from UV exposure were found to be most significant in chloroform formation (up to 40 microg/L) among the four tested DBPs. Organics from rivers were more sensitive to UV alteration than was the organic drawn from soil. This difference could not be explained by the specific UV absorbance (SUVA) values. In most cases, irradiation with the medium-pressure UV lamp gave similar or slightly larger changes in DBP yields, compared with the corresponding trials using the low-pressure lamp. Different application sequences could significantly change the relative quantities of DBPs but no general trend was identified. Case-specific evaluation of the formation of chloroform and CNCl is necessary.
|
['Acetates', 'Chlorine', 'Cyanides', 'Environmental Monitoring', 'Hong Kong', 'Humic Substances', 'Rivers', 'Trihalomethanes', 'Ultraviolet Rays', 'Water Pollutants, Chemical']
| 16,678,880
|
[['D02.241.081.018', 'D10.251.400.045'], ['D01.268.380.150', 'D01.362.225'], ['D01.248.497.158.291', 'D01.625.400.100'], ['N06.850.460.350.080', 'N06.850.780.375'], ['Z01.252.474.164.450'], ['D02.241.444', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.377', 'D20.721.500'], ['G01.311.750', 'G16.500.275.280.650', 'N06.230.232.650'], ['D02.455.526.913'], ['G01.358.500.505.650.891', 'G01.590.540.891', 'G01.750.250.650.891', 'G01.750.750.659', 'G01.750.770.578.891', 'G16.500.275.063.725.525.600', 'G16.500.750.775.525.600', 'N06.230.300.100.725.525.600'], ['D27.888.284.903.655']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Drug screening in newborns and mothers using meconium samples, paired urine samples, and interviews.
|
We evaluated the prevalence of illicit substance abuse by comparing drug screening results derived from meconium, urine pairs, and maternal interview. Mother/infant pairs (580) were entered into this blinded, prospective study. Prevalence of illicit substance abuse was 3.4%. The lack of prenatal care correlated with the use of cocaine (p < 0.001). Neonates born to cocaine-using mothers were more likely to be premature, to have a lower birth weight, decreased length, and smaller head circumference using unpaired t test (overall p < 0.05 using Bonferroni method for simultaneous inference). For mother/infant pairs who had positive drug screening for cocaine, the interview, maternal urine sample, and meconium sample showed equal sensitivity, although the newborn urine showed poor correlation. We suggest that the newborn urine sample could be deleted from newborn drug screening, and lack of perinatal care may serve as a marker of substance abuse.
|
['Cocaine', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Interviews as Topic', 'Male', 'Marijuana Abuse', 'Meconium', 'Neonatal Screening', 'Pregnancy', 'Pregnancy Outcome', 'Prevalence', 'Prospective Studies', 'Substance Abuse Detection', 'Substance-Related Disorders', 'Urinalysis']
| 7,666,268
|
[['D02.145.074.722.388', 'D03.132.889.354', 'D03.605.084.500.722.388', 'D03.605.869.388'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['E05.318.308.420', 'L01.399.250.520', 'N05.715.360.300.400', 'N06.850.520.308.420'], ['C25.775.635', 'F03.900.635'], ['A12.459.529', 'A16.378.529'], ['E01.370.225.910', 'E01.370.500.580', 'E05.200.910', 'E05.318.308.980.438.580.580', 'N02.421.726.233.443.816', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.500.575', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.580.580', 'N06.850.780.500.580'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['E01.789.700', 'G08.686.784.769.496'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E05.885', 'N06.850.780.500.765'], ['C25.775', 'F03.900'], ['E01.370.225.124.810', 'E01.370.390.810', 'E05.200.124.810']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Regulation of B lymphocytes in health and disease. Meeting review.
|
Signal transduction by the B cell receptor (BCR) is an absolute requirement for the selection and development of B lymphocytes at multiple checkpoints. Binding to antigen via the BCR is complemented by a co-stimulus delivered through accessory and co-stimulatory cell surface molecules that regulate the signalling threshold. In addition, identification of genes associated with immunodeficiency syndromes has highlighted the importance of genetic regulation, particularly in immunoglobulin class-switching and somatic hypermutation. A 1-day symposium organised by the Biochemical Society considered some of the recent advances in our understanding of the molecules and regulatory pathways involved in B lymphocyte activation, differentiation and survival and the health consequences when threshold settings malfunction.
|
['Animals', 'Antibody Affinity', 'B-Lymphocytes', 'Cell Differentiation', 'Immune System', 'Mice', 'Mutation', 'Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell', 'Receptors, IgG', 'Signal Transduction']
| 12,493,640
|
[['B01.050'], ['G12.040', 'G12.122.125'], ['A11.063.438', 'A11.118.637.555.567.562', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.562', 'A15.382.032.438', 'A15.382.490.555.567.562'], ['G04.152'], ['A15.382'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['G05.365.590'], ['D12.776.124.790.651.950', 'D12.776.377.715.548.950', 'D12.776.543.750.705.816.821'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.871.300'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
A survey of first-responder firefighters' attitudes, opinions, and concerns about their automated external defibrillator program.
|
OBJECTIVE: To identify barriers to first-responder automated external defibrillator (AED) use by determining firefighter attitudes, opinions, and concerns about their AED program.METHODS: An anonymous survey was mailed to all firefighters in a municipal department that had had first-responder defibrillation for more than two years. A follow-up survey was mailed to all nonrespondents. The survey requested firefighter demographics, comfort and experience with AED, definition of DOA (dead on arrival), and opinion of the program.RESULTS: Of 749 firefighters surveyed, 686 responded (92%). The respondents had an average of 12 +/- 8 years of experience; 66% felt very comfortable using the AED and 3% felt very uncomfortable. The respondents had applied an AED to a patient a median of 2 times (range 0-30); 24% had never applied an AED. Eighty-three percent reported they had been on the scene of an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest when their AED was not used for at least one patient. Predominant reasons for not applying an AED included the ambulance arrived "soon enough" (72%), the ambulance arrived first (63%), the patient was DOA (61%), and the patient had a do-not-resuscitate (DNR) order (32%). Eighty-one percent of the respondents correctly listed at least one clinical finding that defines DOA. Ninety-nine percent felt they should continue the AED program. The respondents gave numerous suggestions for improving the program, including being able to visualize the rhythm, increasing their level of care, and improved AED training.CONCLUSIONS: Municipal first response firefighters view their AED program favorably despite infrequently applying an AED. The appropriateness of withholding defibrillation because a secondary response unit will arrive "soon enough" should be reviewed. The definition of DOA should be reviewed to ensure that viable patients are not denied defibrillation.
|
['Attitude of Health Personnel', 'Defibrillators', 'Emergency Medical Technicians', 'Heart Arrest', 'Humans', 'New York', 'Surveys and Questionnaires']
| 12,540,155
|
[['F01.100.050', 'N05.300.100'], ['E07.305.250.159'], ['M01.526.373.250', 'M01.526.485.067.150', 'N02.360.067.150'], ['C14.280.383'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.107.567.875.075.437', 'Z01.107.567.875.350.530', 'Z01.107.567.875.500.530'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Enrolled nurse skill extension: metropolitan myth or rural reality?
|
OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to examine whether the position of 'after hours clinical support enrolled nurse' is embracing clinical skill extension in the acute surgical area.DESIGN: Experienced enrolled nurses employed in a supernumerary capacity documented all activities with which they were engaged over a six-month period.SETTING: Six surgical wards within a tertiary referral hospital, Sydney, Australia.SUBJECTS: Enrolled nurses working after hours in an extended support role in a supernumerary capacity.RESULTS: Data demonstrated that, in this study, the 'after hours clinical support enrolled nurse' was primarily performing routine nursing activities. Although the number of extended skills (n=13) performed could be considered diverse for an enrolled nurse, many were seldom performed. The most frequently performed extended skills were patient escorts and undertaking bladder ultrasounds with a mobile scanner. Medication administration was rarely performed.CONCLUSION: The role primarily incorporates basic nursing care with minimal scope for extended skills. The paper recommends that basic nursing practices be delegated to assistants in nursing to enable the 'after hours clinical support enrolled nurse' to effectively support registered nurses and extend their own practice.
|
['Adult', 'Australia', 'Clinical Competence', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Nurses', 'Rural Health Services', 'Urban Health Services', 'Workforce']
| 17,518,164
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['Z01.639.100', 'Z01.678.100.373'], ['I02.399.630.210', 'N04.761.210', 'N05.715.175'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.526.485.650', 'N02.360.650'], ['N02.421.816'], ['N02.421.914'], ['N04.452.525']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Molecular movement in the Arabidopsis thaliana female gametophyte.
|
KEY MESSAGE: Size limits on molecular movement among female gametes. Cellular decisions can be influenced by information communicated from neighboring cells. Communication can occur via signaling or through the direct transfer of molecules. Movement of RNAs and proteins has frequently been observed among symplastically connected plant cells. In flowering plants, the female gametes, the egg cell and central cell, are closely apposed within the female gametophyte. Here we investigated the ability of fluorescently labeled dyes and small RNAs to move from the Arabidopsis thaliana central cell to the egg apparatus following microinjection. These results define a size limit of at least 20 kDa for symplastic movement between the two gametes, somewhat larger than that previously observed in Torenia fournieri. Our results indicate that symplastic connectivity in Arabidopsis thaliana changes after fertilization and suggest that prior to fertilization mechanisms are in place to facilitate small RNA movement from the central cell to the egg cell and synergids.
|
['Arabidopsis', 'Cell Communication', 'Endosperm', 'Fluorescent Dyes', 'Microinjections', 'Ovule', 'Particle Size', 'Pollination', 'RNA', 'Seeds']
| 28,695,277
|
[['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.157.100'], ['G04.085'], ['A18.024.500.750.666'], ['D27.720.233.348', 'D27.720.470.410.505.500'], ['E02.319.267.530.690', 'E05.591.570'], ['A18.024.249.500.249.249'], ['G02.712'], ['G08.686.784.743', 'G15.776'], ['D13.444.735'], ['A18.024.500.750', 'G07.203.300.775', 'J02.500.775']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
A carrier state is established in Pseudomonas aeruginosa by phage LeviOr01, a newly isolated ssRNA levivirus.
|
ssRNA bacteriophages are very abundant but poorly studied, particularly in relation to their effect on bacterial evolution. We isolated a new Pseudomonas aeruginosa levivirus, vB_PaeL_PcyII-10_LeviOr01, from hospital waste water. Its genome comprises 3669 nucleotides and encodes four putative proteins. Following bacterial infection, a carrier state is established in a fraction of the cells, conferring superinfection immunity. Such cells also resist other phages that use type IV pili as a receptor. The carrier population is composed of a mixture of cells producing phage, and susceptible cells that are non-carriers. Carrier cells accumulate phage until they burst, releasing large quantities of virions. The continuous presence of phage favours the emergence of host variants bearing mutations in genes involved in type IV pilus biogenesis, but also in genes affecting lipopolysaccharide (LPS) synthesis. The establishment of a carrier state in which phage particles are continuously released was previously reported for some dsRNA phages, but has not previously been described for a levivirus. The present results highlight the importance of the carrier state, an association that benefits both phages and bacteria and plays a role in bacterial evolution.
|
['Genome, Viral', 'Host-Parasite Interactions', 'Levivirus', 'Pseudomonas Phages', 'Pseudomonas aeruginosa', 'RNA, Viral', 'Sequence Analysis, DNA', 'Virus Release', 'Virus Replication']
| 28,771,128
|
[['G05.360.340.358.840'], ['G16.527.200.400'], ['B04.123.205.600.500', 'B04.123.691.600.500', 'B04.820.578.438.500'], ['B04.123.660'], ['B03.440.400.425.625.625.100', 'B03.660.250.580.590.050'], ['D13.444.735.828'], ['E05.393.760.700'], ['G06.920.913'], ['G06.920.925']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Vermiform Appendix During the Repackaging Process from Umbilical Herniation to Fixation onto the Right Posterior Abdomen: A Study of Human Fetal Horizontal Sections.
|
The anatomical position of the vermiform appendix varies among adults, and these variations are responsible for differences in the symptoms of appendicitis. However, to date no study has examined how and when these variations occur during fetal development. The present study examined horizontal sections of 27 midterm fetuses (crown rump length [CRL] 38-97 mm, gestational age approximately 8-15 weeks). There were 10 fetuses (CRL 56 mm or more) in which the cecum and appendix were in a posterosuperior site near the right kidney (postmigration phase), and 12 fetuses (CRL 39-72 mm) in which the ileocecal junction and appendix remained on the visceral surface of the liver in the anterior or anterolateral abdominal cavity (migration phase, after physiological umbilical herniation). Analysis of the 12 fetuses in the migration phase indicated that the appendix extended inferiorly in eight fetuses and superiorly in four fetuses. Likewise, a "preileal" appendix (a morphology in which the distal part of the appendix was in front of the terminal ileum) was present in eight of these fetuses. Extension of the appendix superiorly or inferiorly during the migration phase seems unrelated to the topographical relationship of the appendix with the terminal ileum at the postmigration phase in fetuses and in adults. Conversely, it seems likely that a retroileal appendix leads to a coiled appendix behind the ileocecal junction. "Guidance" by the liver surface seemed to be important for posterior migration, which ended with the ascent of the liver. Clin. Anat., 33:667-677, 2020. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
|
['Abdomen', 'Appendix', 'Cadaver', 'Fetal Development', 'Hernia, Umbilical', 'Humans', 'Intestines']
| 31,576,606
|
[['A01.923.047'], ['A03.556.124.526.209.290', 'A03.556.249.249.209.290'], ['C23.550.260.224'], ['G07.345.500.325.235', 'G08.686.784.170.157'], ['C16.614.378', 'C23.300.707.374.937.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A03.556.124']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
An orthogeriatric collaborative intervention program for fragility fractures: a retrospective cohort study.
|
BACKGROUND: This retrospective cohort study aims to investigate the impact of regular pre- and postoperative geriatric input into the management of geriatric patients with hip fracture, with specific interests in morbidity and mortality.METHODS: Patients with hip fracture (n = 548) older than 60 years were identified within a 2-year period. In the first year, the patients (n = 270) were managed mainly by orthopedics and this group constituted the control group. In the second year, this group of patients (orthogeriatric group, n = 278) had reviews by orthopedic surgeons and geriatricians (physicians specializing in medicine for the elderly), within 48 hours of admission and regularly thereafter. The main outcomes measured included demographics, length of hospital stay, postoperative complications, mortality, and functional outcomes. Data were collected from records of acute and rehabilitation admissions, and outpatient consultations.RESULTS: The admission to operation time for those in the orthogeriatric group was shorter by 17% (p = 0.02). The percentage of patients deceased at 12 months postoperative was 11.5% for the orthogeriatric group and 20.4% for the conventional group (p = 0.02). A higher percentage of patients in the orthogeriatric group remained independent for daily living activities (24.5%) when compared with the conventional group (23.7%; p = 0.02).CONCLUSION: In addition to existing evidence that postoperative orthogeriatric collaboration improves mortality and functional outcomes in older patients with hip fractures, this study suggests that allowing preoperative geriatric input in this model of care can produce even more superior results.
|
['Activities of Daily Living', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Chi-Square Distribution', 'Female', 'Frail Elderly', 'Geriatric Assessment', 'Hip Fractures', 'Humans', 'Length of Stay', 'Male', 'Patient Care Team', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Recovery of Function', 'Retrospective Studies']
| 22,002,614
|
[['E02.760.169.063.500.067', 'E02.831.067', 'I03.050', 'N02.421.784.110'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['E05.318.740.994.300', 'G17.820.300', 'N05.715.360.750.750.200', 'N06.850.520.830.994.300'], ['M01.060.116.100.540'], ['E05.318.308.225', 'I01.240.425.350', 'N01.224.425.350', 'N05.715.360.300.360', 'N06.850.505.400.425.350', 'N06.850.520.308.225'], ['C26.404.061.425', 'C26.531.750', 'C26.558.276.425'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.760.400.480', 'N02.421.585.400.480'], ['N04.590.715'], ['C23.550.767'], ['G16.757'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Genetic variation among the Mapuche Indians from the Patagonian region of Argentina: mitochondrial DNA sequence variation and allele frequencies of several nuclear genes.
|
DNA samples from 60 Mapuche Indians, representing 39 maternal lineages, were genetically characterized for (1) nucleotide sequences of the mtDNA control region; (2) presence or absence of a nine base duplication in mtDNA region V; (3) HLA loci DRB1 and DQA1; (4) variation at three nuclear genes with short tandem repeats; and (5) variation at the polymorphic marker D2S44. The genetic profile of the Mapuche population was compared to other Amerinds and to worldwide populations. Two highly polymorphic portions of the mtDNA control region, comprising 650 nucleotides, were amplified by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and directly sequenced. The 39 maternal lineages were defined by two or three generation families identified by the Mapuches. These 39 lineages included 19 different mtDNA sequences that could be grouped into four classes. The same classes of sequences appear in other Amerinds from North, Central, and South American populations separated by thousands of miles, suggesting that the origin of the mtDNA patterns predates the migration to the Americas. The mtDNA sequence similarity between Amerind populations suggests that the migration throughout the Americas occurred rapidly relative to the mtDNA mutation rate. HLA DRB1 alleles 1602 and 1402 were frequent among the Mapuches. These alleles also occur at high frequency among other Amerinds in North and South America, but not among Spanish, Chinese or African-American populations. The high frequency of these alleles throughout the Americas, and their specificity to the Americas, supports the hypothesis that Mapuches and other Amerind groups are closely related.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
|
['Alleles', 'Argentina', 'Base Sequence', 'DNA Fingerprinting', 'DNA, Mitochondrial', 'Female', 'Gene Frequency', 'Genetic Markers', 'Genetic Variation', 'HLA-DQ Antigens', 'HLA-DQ alpha-Chains', 'HLA-DR Antigens', 'HLA-DRB1 Chains', 'Histocompatibility Antigens Class II', 'Humans', 'Indians, South American', 'Male', 'Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid']
| 8,400,690
|
[['G05.360.340.024.340.030'], ['Z01.107.757.077'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['E05.318.740.225.500.500', 'E05.393.290', 'I01.198.780.937.375', 'N04.452.910.099.750'], ['D13.444.308.283.225'], ['G05.330'], ['D23.101.387', 'G05.695.450'], ['G05.365'], ['D12.776.395.550.509.400.430', 'D12.776.543.550.440.400.430', 'D23.050.301.500.400.400.430', 'D23.050.301.500.450.400.430', 'D23.050.705.552.410.400.430', 'D23.050.705.552.450.400.430'], ['D12.776.395.550.509.400.430.500', 'D12.776.543.550.440.400.430.500', 'D23.050.301.500.400.400.430.500', 'D23.050.301.500.450.400.430.500', 'D23.050.705.552.410.400.430.500', 'D23.050.705.552.450.400.430.500'], ['D12.776.395.550.509.400.440', 'D12.776.543.550.440.400.440', 'D23.050.301.500.400.400.440', 'D23.050.301.500.450.400.440', 'D23.050.705.552.410.400.440', 'D23.050.705.552.450.400.440'], ['D12.776.395.550.509.400.440.200.010', 'D12.776.543.550.440.400.440.200.010', 'D23.050.301.500.400.400.440.200.010', 'D23.050.301.500.450.400.440.333.500', 'D23.050.705.552.410.400.440.200.010', 'D23.050.705.552.450.400.440.333.500'], ['D12.776.395.550.509', 'D12.776.543.550.440', 'D23.050.301.500.400', 'D23.050.705.552.410'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.686.508.150.625'], ['G02.111.570.080.708', 'G05.360.080.708']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Effect of ethanol on carbohydrate metabolism. II. Influence on glucose tolerance in diabetic rats.
|
A single moderate dose (0.4 g per kg of body weight) of ethanol given orally with a glucose load resulted in exaggerated glucose intolerance and inhibition of glucose mediated-insulin response in mildly diabetic rats.
|
['Animals', 'Blood Glucose', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental', 'Ethanol', 'Glucose', 'Glucose Tolerance Test', 'Insulin', 'Insulin Secretion', 'Male', 'Rats', 'Time Factors']
| 703,320
|
[['B01.050'], ['D09.947.875.359.448.500'], ['C18.452.394.750.074', 'C19.246.240', 'E05.598.500.374'], ['D02.033.375'], ['D09.947.875.359.448'], ['E01.370.225.124.100.355', 'E01.370.374.355', 'E05.200.124.100.355'], ['D06.472.699.587.200.500.625', 'D12.644.548.586.200.500.625'], ['G03.442', 'G07.475'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The uncovering and characterization of a CCKoma syndrome in enteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumor patients.
|
OBJECTIVE: Neuroendocrine tumors in the pancreas and the gastrointestinal tract may secrete hormones which cause specific syndromes. Well-known examples are gastrinomas, glucagonomas, and insulinomas. Cholecystokinin-producing tumors (CCKomas) have been induced experimentally in rats, but a CCKoma syndrome in man has remained unknown until now.MATERIAL AND METHODS: Using a panel of immunoassays for CCK peptides and proCCK as well as for chromogranin A, we have examined plasma samples from 284 fasting patients with gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. In hyperCCKemic samples, plasma CCK was further characterized by chromatography.RESULTS: One of the patients displayed gross hyperCCKemia. She was a 58-year old woman with a pancreatic endocrine tumor, liver metastases, 500-1000-fold elevated basal CCK concentration in plasma, diarrhea, severe weight loss, recurrent peptic ulcer and bilestone attacks from a contracted gallbladder. The CCK concentrations in plasma were not affected by resection of the pancreatic tumor, but decreased to normal after hemihepatectomy with removal of the metastases.CONCLUSION: A CCKoma syndrome with severe hypersecretion of CCK exists in man. The duodenal ulcer disease and diarrhea with permanently low gastrin in plasma suggest that CCKomas may mimic gastrinoma-like symptoms, because CCK peptides are full agonists of the gastrin/CCK-B receptor.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Animals', 'Child', 'Cholecystokinin', 'Denmark', 'Female', 'Gastrinoma', 'Gastrins', 'Humans', 'Intestinal Neoplasms', 'Liver Neoplasms', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neuroendocrine Tumors', 'Pancreas', 'Pancreatic Neoplasms', 'Rats', 'Stomach Neoplasms', 'Young Adult']
| 27,191,542
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['B01.050'], ['M01.060.406'], ['D06.472.317.152', 'D12.644.120'], ['Z01.542.816.124'], ['C04.557.470.200.025.290.500', 'C04.588.274.761.500.124', 'C04.588.322.475.500.124', 'C06.301.761.500.124', 'C06.689.667.500.124', 'C19.344.421.500.124'], ['D06.472.317.413', 'D06.472.699.280', 'D12.644.400.320', 'D12.644.548.280', 'D12.776.631.650.320'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.588.274.476.411', 'C06.301.371.411', 'C06.405.249.411', 'C06.405.469.491'], ['C04.588.274.623', 'C06.301.623', 'C06.552.697'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04.557.465.625.650', 'C04.557.580.625.650'], ['A03.734'], ['C04.588.274.761', 'C04.588.322.475', 'C06.301.761', 'C06.689.667', 'C19.344.421'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['C04.588.274.476.767', 'C06.301.371.767', 'C06.405.249.767', 'C06.405.748.789'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
|
Waist circumference and abdominal adipose tissue distribution: influence of age and sex.
|
BACKGROUND: The influence of age and sex on the distribution of abdominal adipose tissue for a given waist circumference (WC) is unclear.OBJECTIVE: The objective was to investigate the influence of age and sex on total (TAAT), visceral (VAT), and abdominal subcutaneous (ASAT) adipose tissue for a given WC.DESIGN: Body composition was assessed by whole-body magnetic resonance imaging in 147 younger men (< 50 y), 83 older men, 171 younger (premenopausal) women, and 80 older (postmenopausal) women with a wide range (16-40; in kg/m(2)) of body mass indexes.RESULTS: Within each sex, the regression lines between WC and TAAT were not significantly different (P > 0.1) between younger and older groups. Collapsed across age groups, women had more TAAT for a given WC than did men; however, this difference was significantly reduced with increasing WC (P < 0.05). Within each sex, regression lines derived for WC and ASAT were not significantly different between younger and older groups (P > 0.1). Collapsed across age groups, women had 1.8 kg more ASAT for a given WC (P < 0.05) than did men across the range of WCs. Within each sex, older men and women had a significantly greater increase in VAT for a given WC (P < 0.05) than did younger men and women. Furthermore, independent of age group, the slopes for WC and VAT were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in men than in women.CONCLUSIONS: There are significant sex differences in TAAT, VAT, and ASAT for a given WC. Furthermore, the relation between WC and VAT is substantially influenced by age.
|
['Abdomen', 'Adipose Tissue', 'Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Age Factors', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Aging', 'Body Composition', 'Body Constitution', 'Body Mass Index', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Sex Characteristics', 'Sex Factors', 'Viscera', 'Waist-Hip Ratio']
| 15,941,883
|
[['A01.923.047'], ['A10.165.114'], ['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['G07.345.124'], ['G02.111.130', 'G03.180', 'G07.100.049'], ['E01.370.600.115', 'G07.100'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.125', 'E05.041.124.125', 'G07.100.100.125', 'N06.850.505.200.100.175'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G08.686.815'], ['N05.715.350.675', 'N06.850.490.875'], ['A01.960'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.960', 'E05.041.124.946', 'G07.100.100.960']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
The management of perforated gastric ulcers.
|
INTRODUCTION: Perforated gastric ulcers are potentially complicated surgical emergencies and appropriate early management is essential in order to avoid subsequent problems including unnecessary gastrectomy. The aim of this study was to examine the management and outcome of patients with gastric ulcer perforation undergoing emergency laparotomy for peritonitis.METHODS: Patients undergoing laparotomy at the Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh for perforated gastric ulcers were identified from the prospectively maintained Lothian Surgical Audit (LSA) database over the five-year period 2007-2011. Additional data were obtained by review of electronic records and review of case notes.RESULTS: Forty-four patients (25 male, 19 female) were identified. Procedures performed were: 41 omental patch repairs (91%), 2 simple closures (4.5%) and 2 distal gastrectomies (4.5%; both for large perforations). Four perforated gastric tumours were identified (8.8%), 2 of which were suspected intra-operatively and confirmed histologically, 1 had unexpected positive histology and 1 had negative intra-operative histology, but follow-up endoscopy confirmed the presence of carcinoma (1 positive biopsy in 21 follow-up endoscopies); all 4 were managed without initial resection. Median length of stay was 10 days (range 4-68). Overall 7 patients died in hospital (15.9%) and there were 21 morbidities (54.5%). Registrars performed the majority of the procedures (16 alone, 21 supervised) with no significant difference in post-operative morbidity (P = 0.098) or mortality (P = 0.855), compared to consultants.CONCLUSION: Almost all perforated gastric ulcers can be effectively managed by laparotomy and omental patch repair. Initial biopsy and follow-up endoscopy with repeat biopsy is essential to avoid missing an underlying malignancy.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Digestive System Surgical Procedures', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Peptic Ulcer Perforation', 'Prospective Studies', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Stomach Ulcer']
| 23,454,244
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['E04.210'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C06.405.469.275.800.698', 'C06.405.748.586.698'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['C06.405.469.275.800.849', 'C06.405.748.586.849']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Synthesis of a pentasaccharide corresponding to the repeating unit of the exopolysaccharide from Cryptococcus neoformans serovar D.
|
The assembly of the pentasaccharide repeating unit of the exopolysaccharide from Cryptococcus neoformans serovar D (i.e. 1) is described. The glucuronic acid residue in 1 is introduced as a glucopyranoside and oxidized in a later stage of the synthesis. Thus, iodonium ion-assisted glycosylation of the partially protected methyl mannopyranoside 11 with ethylthio donor 14 gave, after selective deprotection, disaccharide 18. Elongation of the latter with D-glucopyranoside 35 gave trisaccharide 36. Subsequent protective group manipulations yielded the acceptor 37. Condensation of disaccharide donor 31 with trisaccharide acceptor 37 yielded pentasaccharide 38. Protective group manipulations of 38 afforded 42, the glucoside of which was oxidized to yield the corresponding glucuronide 44. Hydrogenolysis of 44 gave the target pentasaccharide 1.
|
['Carbohydrate Sequence', 'Cryptococcus neoformans', 'Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Oligosaccharides', 'Polysaccharides']
| 9,007,267
|
[['G02.111.570.160', 'L01.453.245.667.160'], ['B01.300.381.258.366', 'B01.300.930.316.366'], ['E05.196.867.519'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['D09.698.629'], ['D09.698']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
On the determination of evolutionary outcomes directly from the population dynamics of the resident.
|
In order to determine the possible evolutionary behaviour of an ecological system using adaptive dynamics, it is necessary in an ab initio calculation to find the fitness and its derivatives at a singular point. It has been suggested that the possible evolutionary behaviour can be predicted directly from the resident population dynamics, without the need for calculation, by applying three criteria-one based on the form of the density dependent rates and two on the role played by the evolving parameters. The existing arguments for these criteria are rather limited: they apply to systems in which individuals enter an initial class and can then move through any number of other population classes sequentially. (Extensions are included but only apply for systems of two and three classes.) Additionally, many of the arguments depend on the use of a phenomenologically motivated fitness (shown equivalent to the standard form but in a rather long and indirect manner). The present paper removes all these flaws-the criteria are established directly from the standard definition of fitness and individuals can enter any class and move through the classes non-sequentially without restriction on their number. The criteria thus established underlie a geometric description of the singular behaviour in adaptive dynamics which allows direct inferences to be made from population dynamics to the possible singular behaviour depending on which of the criteria apply and on the nature of the trade-off between evolving parameters. The method has the great advantage of leaving the trade-off explicit but unspecified.
|
['Animals', 'Biological Evolution', 'Ecosystem', 'Models, Biological', 'Population Dynamics']
| 20,676,890
|
[['B01.050'], ['G05.045', 'G16.075'], ['G16.500.275.157', 'N06.230.124'], ['E05.599.395'], ['I01.240.600', 'N01.224.625', 'N06.850.505.400.700']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Prediction of the ripening times of ewe's milk cheese by multivariate regression analysis of capillary electrophoresis casein fractions.
|
The effect of the ripening time on the proteolytic process in cheeses made from ewe's milk during a 139-day ripening period was monitored by the use of capillary electrophoresis of pH 4.6 insoluble fraction. Totals of 18 and 21 peaks were recognized and matched in the electropherograms obtained with a fused-silica capillary and a neutral capillary (hydrophilically coated), respectively. These peaks correspond to intact ovine caseins and their hydrolysis products (alpha(s1)-casein I, alpha(s1)-casein II, alpha(s1)-casein III, alpha(s2)-casein, beta(1)-casein, beta(2)-casein, p-kappa-casein, alpha(s1)-I-casein, gamma(1)-casein, gamma(2)-casein, and gamma(3)-casein). The alpha(s)-caseins (alpha(s1)- and alpha(s2)-casein) displayed similar degradation pattern to one another, but different from those of beta-caseins (beta(1)- and beta(2)-casein). beta-Caseins were very much undergoing lesser degradation during the ripening time than alpha(s)-casein. Finally, partial least-squares regression and principal components regression were used to predict the ripening time in cheeses. The models obtained yielded good results since the root-mean-square error in prediction by cross validation was <8.6 days in all cases.
|
['Analysis of Variance', 'Animals', 'Caseins', 'Cheese', 'Electrophoresis, Capillary', 'Female', 'Food Handling', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Peptide Hydrolases', 'Regression Analysis', 'Sheep', 'Time Factors']
| 17,032,040
|
[['E05.318.740.150', 'N05.715.360.750.125', 'N06.850.520.830.150'], ['B01.050'], ['D12.776.256.159.750.207', 'D12.776.744.150'], ['G07.203.200.500.444', 'G07.203.300.350.300.444', 'J02.350.500.444', 'J02.500.350.300.444'], ['E05.196.401.190', 'E05.301.300.190'], ['J01.576.423.200'], ['G02.300'], ['D08.811.277.656'], ['E05.318.740.750', 'N05.715.360.750.695', 'N06.850.520.830.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.791'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Creatinine assays: time for action?
|
BACKGROUND: Major differences in creatinine results between different laboratories and apparent inaccuracies when using commercial lyophilized standards were noted. In order to assess the variation and accuracy of the different methods we conducted a local audit.METHODS: To establish the variation between methods, plasma creatinine was measured on 47 human plasma samples by nine different laboratories using four different methods (Roche, Ortho, Olympus, modified Olympus). To establish the accuracy of the different methods, plasma creatinine was also determined on 16 of the plasma samples by tandem mass spectrometry (MS). In addition, all the laboratories measured the creatinine concentration on a commercial authenticated sample.RESULTS: All four methods gave significantly different (P<0.0001) plasma creatinine results when compared with each other. Generally, creatinine results produced by the Ortho method were considerably higher than those of the other methods, especially at higher creatinine concentrations (differences across methods between the lowest and highest result for the same sample ranged between 8% and 33%). All four methods generally gave higher results than those determined by tandem MS for samples with creatinine concentrations of < 250 micromol/L. Above this concentration the Olympus and Roche methods produced creatinine results that were lower then the tandem MS results, whereas results from the Ortho method were higher. Major matrix problems were found when a commercial lyophilized standard was used for creatnine estimation.CONCLUSION: No method gave good agreement with the tandem MS results, and there were major differences in measured plasma creatinine concentrations (up to 30% difference) between the various methods. We suggest that efforts should be made to standardize plasma creatinine measurement across all laboratories to minimize these problems.
|
['Autoanalysis', 'Blood Chemical Analysis', 'Creatinine', 'Humans', 'Mass Spectrometry', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Sensitivity and Specificity']
| 12,564,843
|
[['E05.059'], ['E01.370.225.124.100', 'E05.200.124.100'], ['D03.383.129.308.207'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.196.566'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Rifaximin Redux: treatment of recurrent Clostridium difficile infections with rifaximin immediately post-vancomycin treatment.
|
We report our continued experience with rifaximin as a post-vancomycin treatment strategy in six patients with multiple recurrences of C. difficile infection (CDI). Four of the six patients (67%) had no further diarrhea episodes, but two patients failed shortly after or during the rifaximin treatment. C. difficile isolates from one of the two patients who failed treatment had an MIC of >256 microg/ml to rifampin. Serial therapy with vancomycin, followed by rifaximin remains an option for some patients with multiple CDI recurrences.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Anti-Bacterial Agents', 'Clostridioides difficile', 'Clostridium Infections', 'Drug Therapy, Combination', 'Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous', 'Female', 'Gastrointestinal Agents', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Microbial Sensitivity Tests', 'Rifamycins', 'Rifaximin', 'Secondary Prevention', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Vancomycin']
| 19,698,797
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['D27.505.954.122.085'], ['B03.353.625.657.500'], ['C01.150.252.410.222'], ['E02.319.310'], ['C01.150.252.410.222.310', 'C06.405.205.596.800', 'C06.405.469.363.800'], ['D27.505.954.483'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.875.595', 'E05.200.875.595', 'E05.337.550.400'], ['D03.633.400.811', 'D04.345.295.750'], ['D03.633.400.811.850', 'D04.345.295.750.850'], ['E02.897', 'N02.421.726.825', 'N06.850.780.750'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['D09.400.420.925', 'D12.644.233.925']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Behavioral consequences of radiation exposure to simulated space radiation in the C57BL/6 mouse: open field, rotorod, and acoustic startle.
|
Two experiments were carried out to investigate the consequences of exposure to proton radiation, such as might occur for astronauts during space flight. C57BL/6 mice were exposed, either with or without 15-g/cm2 aluminum shielding, to 0-, 3-, or 4-Gy proton irradiation mimicking features of a solar particle event. Irradiation produced transient direct deficits in open-field exploratory behavior and acoustic startle habituation. Rotorod performance at 18 rpm was impaired by exposure to proton radiation and was impaired at 26 rpm, but only for mice irradiated with shielding and at the 4-Gy dose. Long-term (>2 weeks) indirect deficits in open-field activity appeared as a result of impaired experiential encoding immediately following exposure. A 2-week recovery prior to testing decreased most of the direct effects of exposure, with only rotorod performance at 26 rpm being impaired. These results suggest that the performance deficits may have been mediated by radiation damage to hippocampal, cerebellar, and possibly, forebrain dopaminergic function.
|
['Animals', 'Auditory Pathways', 'Behavior, Animal', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation', 'Exploratory Behavior', 'Female', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Models, Biological', 'Motor Skills', 'Protons', 'Psychomotor Performance', 'Random Allocation', 'Reflex, Startle', 'Space Flight', 'Time Factors']
| 12,641,177
|
[['B01.050'], ['A08.612.220.110'], ['F01.145.113'], ['E05.799.513.500', 'G01.750.740.500', 'G04.712.500', 'G07.225', 'G07.738.500', 'N06.850.810.250.180'], ['F01.145.387', 'F01.658.370'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['E05.599.395'], ['F02.808.260'], ['D01.248.497.300.459.700', 'D01.268.406.750', 'D01.362.340.750', 'G01.249.660.500'], ['F02.808', 'G11.427.700', 'G11.561.660'], ['E05.318.370.700', 'E05.581.500.805', 'N05.715.360.325.675', 'N06.850.520.445.700'], ['E01.370.376.550.650.800', 'E01.370.600.550.650.800', 'F02.830.702.807', 'G11.561.731.869'], ['J01.937.285.850'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Characterization and favorable in vivo properties of heterodimeric soluble IL-15·IL-15Rá cytokine compared to IL-15 monomer.
|
Interleukin-15 (IL-15), a 114-amino acid cytokine related to IL-2, regulates immune homeostasis and the fate of many lymphocyte subsets. We reported that, in the blood of mice and humans, IL-15 is present as a heterodimer associated with soluble IL-15 receptor á (sIL-15Rá). Here, we show efficient production of this noncovalently linked but stable heterodimer in clonal human HEK293 cells and release of the processed IL-15·sIL-15Rá heterodimer in the medium. Purification of the IL-15 and sIL-15Rá polypeptides allowed identification of the proteolytic cleavage site of IL-15Rá and characterization of multiple glycosylation sites. Administration of the IL-15·sIL-15Rá heterodimer reconstituted from purified subunits resulted in sustained plasma IL-15 levels and in robust expansion of NK and T cells in mice, demonstrating pharmacokinetics and in vivo bioactivity superior to single chain IL-15. These identified properties of heterodimeric IL-15 provide a strong rationale for the evaluation of this molecule for clinical applications.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Animals', 'Binding Sites', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'Female', 'Glycosylation', 'HEK293 Cells', 'Humans', 'Immunoblotting', 'Interleukin-15', 'Interleukin-15 Receptor alpha Subunit', 'Killer Cells, Natural', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Multiprotein Complexes', 'Protein Binding', 'Protein Multimerization', 'Proteolysis', 'Solubility', 'Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization', 'T-Lymphocytes']
| 23,649,624
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['B01.050'], ['G02.111.570.120'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['E05.196.181.400.300'], ['G02.111.158.812', 'G02.607.299', 'G03.191.812'], ['A11.251.210.172.750', 'A11.436.334'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.478.566.320', 'E05.601.470.320'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.515', 'D12.776.467.374.465.515', 'D23.529.374.465.515'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.852.420.800.550'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.537', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.537', 'A15.382.490.555.567.537'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['D05.500'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808'], ['G02.111.694'], ['G02.111.720', 'G03.812'], ['G02.805'], ['E05.196.566.755'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.569', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Evaluation of preoperative ProstaScint scans in the prediction of nodal disease.
|
Diagnostic methods are limited for detecting microscopic soft tissue metastases in patients with prostate cancer. Previous studies using (111)Indium Capromab Pendetide (ProstaScint scan) analyzed patients with extensive localized tumor (prostate specific antigen (PSA) >20 ng/ml) not optimal for surgical therapy. We evaluated the role of the ProstaScint trade mark scan in a preoperative population to provide histological documentation and to assess its utility in a surgical population. A total of 22 preoperative patients, underwent a ProstaScint scan. The mean preoperative PSA was 16.0 ng/ml (range 3.9-33 ng/ml). The mean Gleason score at biopsy was 6.9 (range 6-9). Each patient underwent a radical retropubic prostatectomy and bilateral pelvic lymph node dissection, which included resection of both obturator and common iliac lymph nodes. Histologic analysis of the resected lymph nodes provided the standard of comparison with the ProstaScint scan. The results of the scan and pathology for all 22 patients were compared with the bilateral obturator and iliac nodes, creating 88 data points. Nine areas (10%) were positive on the scan. One of these (11%) was a true positive while the other eight (89%) were false positives. Seventy-nine areas (90%) were negative on scan results. Of these, five areas (6%) were false negatives and 74 areas (94%) were true negatives. The scan yielded a sensitivity of 17%, specificity of 90%, negative predictive value (NPV) of 94% and a positive predictive value (PPV) of 11%. The high false positive rate and low PPV of ProstaScint scans overestimates metastatic lymph nodes disease, and is not useful when used preoperatively.
|
['Adenocarcinoma', 'Antibodies, Monoclonal', 'False Positive Reactions', 'Humans', 'Indium Radioisotopes', 'Lymphatic Metastasis', 'Male', 'Neoplasm Staging', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Preoperative Care', 'Prostate-Specific Antigen', 'Prostatic Neoplasms', 'Radionuclide Imaging', 'Sensitivity and Specificity']
| 12,497,003
|
[['C04.557.470.200.025'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224'], ['E01.354.506'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D01.496.749.460'], ['C04.697.650.560', 'C23.550.727.650.560'], ['E01.789.625'], ['E05.318.370.800.650', 'N05.715.360.325.700.640', 'N06.850.520.445.800.650'], ['E02.760.795', 'E04.604.750', 'N02.421.585.795'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.760.442.750', 'D08.811.277.656.959.350.442.750', 'D12.776.866.249.500', 'D23.050.285.625', 'D23.101.140.625'], ['C04.588.945.440.770', 'C12.294.260.750', 'C12.294.565.625', 'C12.758.409.750'], ['E01.370.350.710', 'E01.370.384.730'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Genetic basis of antimicrobial drug resistance in clinical isolates of Salmonella enterica serotype Hadar from a Spanish region.
|
The genetic bases of antimicrobial drug resistance (R) of 79 Salmonella enterica serotype Hadar clinical isolates (recovered during 1995-2001 in a Spanish region) was investigated. The isolates showed a limited genomic variation, as demonstrated by PFGE analysis using XbaI (three profiles, S>or=0.77) and BlnI (seven profiles, S>or=0.49; with 95% of the isolates falling into two clusters, S>or=0.75). Thirteen R-profiles, ranging from susceptible to multidrug resistant, were recognized. All susceptible isolates (14%) were recovered before or during 1998, when multidrug resistance (MDR) was still uncommon (20% from 1995-1998). In later years, the percentage of MDR increased considerably (92% in 2001). Resistance to nalidixic acid, tetracycline, streptomycin and ampicillin-cefalotin, encoded by gyrA-Asp87/Asn, tet(A), strA/B, and bla (TEM) genes, respectively, were the most common, appearing together in 38% of the isolates. In all tetracycline- and streptomycin-resistant isolates, strA/B and tet(A) were chromosomally located, whereas bla (TEM) was plasmid-born. Five different bla (TEM) plasmids (pUO-ShR1 to pUO-ShR5, of about 9.4, 23, 30, 45, and 95 kb, respectively) were identified. pUO-ShR3 and pUO-ShR5 harbored additional R-genes: [dfrA1] and [acc(3)IV-strA/B], respectively. pUO-Sh2, pUO-Sh3, pUO-ShR4, and pUO-Sh5 were self-transferable, and the latter could also mobilize pUOShR1. The reported data constitute a useful background for further epidemiological studies of MDR in S. Hadar.
|
['Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial', 'Humans', 'Integrons', 'Microbial Sensitivity Tests', 'Plasmids', 'Salmonella enterica']
| 15,910,235
|
[['G06.099.225.812', 'G06.225.347.812', 'G07.690.773.984.269.347.812', 'G07.690.773.984.300.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G02.111.570.080.708.330.200.500'], ['E01.370.225.875.595', 'E05.200.875.595', 'E05.337.550.400'], ['G05.360.600'], ['B03.440.450.425.800.200', 'B03.660.250.150.710.160']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Activity-dependent cleavage of the K-Cl cotransporter KCC2 mediated by calcium-activated protease calpain.
|
The K-Cl cotransporter KCC2 plays a crucial role in neuronal chloride regulation. In mature central neurons, KCC2 is responsible for the low intracellular Cl(-) concentration ([Cl(-)](i)) that forms the basis for hyperpolarizing GABA(A) receptor-mediated responses. Fast changes in KCC2 function and expression have been observed under various physiological and pathophysiological conditions. Here, we show that the application of protein synthesis inhibitors cycloheximide and emetine to acute rat hippocampal slices have no effect on total KCC2 protein level and K-Cl cotransporter function. Furthermore, blocking constitutive lysosomal degradation with leupeptin did not induce significant changes in KCC2 protein levels. These findings indicate a low basal turnover rate of the total KCC2 protein pool. In the presence of the glutamate receptor agonist NMDA, the total KCC2 protein level decreased to about 30% within 4 h, and this effect was blocked by calpeptin and MDL-28170, inhibitors of the calcium-activated protease calpain. Interictal-like activity induced by incubation of hippocampal slices in an Mg(2+)-free solution led to a fast reduction in KCC2-mediated Cl(-) transport efficacy in CA1 pyramidal neurons, which was paralleled by a decrease in both total and plasmalemmal KCC2 protein. These effects were blocked by the calpain inhibitor MDL-28170. Taken together, these findings show that calpain activation leads to cleavage of KCC2, thereby modulating GABAergic signaling.
|
['Action Potentials', 'Analysis of Variance', 'Animals', 'Animals, Newborn', 'Calcium', 'Calcium Ionophores', 'Calpain', 'Cycloheximide', 'Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors', 'Dipeptides', 'Dizocilpine Maleate', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Emetine', 'Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Hippocampus', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Ionomycin', 'Leupeptins', 'Magnesium', 'Male', 'Membrane Potentials', 'N-Methylaspartate', 'Patch-Clamp Techniques', 'Protein Synthesis Inhibitors', 'Pyramidal Cells', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Statistics, Nonparametric', 'Symporters', 'Valine']
| 22,895,718
|
[['G04.580.100', 'G07.265.675.100', 'G11.561.570.100'], ['E05.318.740.150', 'N05.715.360.750.125', 'N06.850.520.830.150'], ['B01.050'], ['B01.050.050.282'], ['D01.268.552.100', 'D01.552.539.288', 'D23.119.100'], ['D27.505.519.562.374.100', 'D27.720.395.100'], ['D08.811.277.656.262.500.120', 'D08.811.277.656.300.200.120'], ['D03.383.621.808.240'], ['D27.505.519.389.745.325'], ['D12.644.456.345'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.181.384.380', 'D04.615.181.384.380'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['D03.132.316', 'D03.633.100.531.321'], ['D27.505.519.625.190.300', 'D27.505.696.577.190.300'], ['G05.308'], ['A08.186.211.180.405', 'A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.345'], ['E05.481'], ['D10.251.355.391'], ['D12.644.456.580'], ['D01.268.552.437', 'D01.268.557.500', 'D01.552.547.500'], ['G01.154.535', 'G04.580', 'G07.265.675', 'G11.561.570'], ['D12.125.067.500.400', 'D12.125.119.170.400'], ['E05.200.500.905', 'E05.242.800'], ['D27.505.519.389.760'], ['A08.675.790', 'A11.671.790'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900'], ['E05.318.740.995', 'N05.715.360.750.760', 'N06.850.520.830.995'], ['D12.776.157.530.450.625', 'D12.776.543.585.450.625'], ['D12.125.070.950', 'D12.125.142.930']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Loss of DAB2IP in RCC cells enhances their growth and resistance to mTOR-targeted therapies.
|
Targeted therapies using small-molecule inhibitors (SMIs) are commonly used in metastatic renal cell cancer (mRCC) patients; patients often develop drug resistance and eventually succumb to disease. Currently, understanding of mechanisms leading to SMIs resistance and any identifiable predictive marker(s) are still lacking. We discovered that DAB2IP, a novel Ras-GTPase-activating protein, was frequently epigenetically silenced in RCC, and DAB2IP loss was correlated with the overall survival of RCC patients. Loss of DAB2IP in RCC cells enhances their sensitivities to growth factor stimulation and resistances to SMI (such as mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors). Mechanistically, loss of DAB2IP results in the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase/RSK1 and phosphoinositide-3 kinase/mTOR pathway, which synergizes the induction of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-2á expression. Consequently, elevated HIF-2á suppresses p21/WAF1 expression that is associated with resistance to mTOR inhibitors. Thus combinatorial targeting both pathways resulted in a synergistic tumor inhibition. DAB2IP appears to be a new prognostic/predictive marker for mRCC patients, and its function provides a new insight into the molecular mechanisms of drug resistance to mTOR inhibitors, which also can be used to develop new strategies to overcome drug-resistant mRCC.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Animals', 'Carcinoma, Renal Cell', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Drug Resistance, Neoplasm', 'Female', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Molecular Targeted Therapy', 'Protein Kinase Inhibitors', 'Signal Transduction', 'Sirolimus', 'TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases', 'ras GTPase-Activating Proteins']
| 26,876,207
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['B01.050'], ['C04.557.470.200.025.390', 'C04.588.945.947.535.160', 'C12.758.820.750.160', 'C12.777.419.473.160', 'C13.351.937.820.535.160', 'C13.351.968.419.473.160'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['G07.690.773.984.395'], ['G05.308.370'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E02.319.574'], ['D27.505.519.389.755'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['D02.540.505.760'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.931', 'D12.776.476.925'], ['D12.644.360.325.150.500', 'D12.776.476.325.150.500']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Cloning and expression of an A1 adenosine receptor from rat brain.
|
We have used the polymerase chain reaction technique to selectively amplify guanine nucleotide-binding regulatory protein (G protein)-coupled receptor cDNA sequences from rat striatal mRNA, using sets of highly degenerate primers derived from transmembrane sequences of previously cloned G protein-coupled receptors. A novel cDNA fragment was identified, which exhibits considerable homology to various members of the G protein-coupled receptor family. This fragment was used to isolate a full-length cDNA from a rat striatal library. A 2.2-kilobase clone was obtained that encodes a protein of 326 amino acids with seven transmembrane domains, as predicted by hydropathy analysis. Stably transfected mouse A9-L cells and Chinese hamster ovary cells that expressed mRNA for this clone were screened with putative receptor ligands. Saturable and specific binding sites for the A1 adenosine antagonist [3H]-1,3-dipropyl-8-cyclopentylxanthine were identified on membranes from transfected cells. The rank order of potency and affinities of various adenosine agonist and antagonist ligands confirmed the identity of this cDNA clone as an A1 adenosine receptor. The high affinity binding of A1 adenosine agonists was shown to be sensitive to the nonhydrolyzable GTP analog guanylyl-5'-imidodiphosphate. In adenylyl cyclase assays, adenosine agonists inhibited forskolin-stimulated cAMP production by greater than 50%, in a pharmacologically specific fashion. Northern blot and in situ hybridization analyses of receptor mRNA in brain tissues revealed two transcripts of 5.6 and 3.1 kilobases, both of which were abundant in cortex, cerebellum, hippocampus, and thalamus, with lower levels in olfactory bulb, striatum, mesencephalon, and retina. These regional distribution data are in good agreement with previous receptor autoradiographic studies involving the A1 adenosine receptor. We conclude that we have cloned a cDNA encoding an A1 adenosine receptor linked to the inhibition of adenylyl cyclase activity.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Animals', 'Base Sequence', 'Brain', 'Cloning, Molecular', 'Corpus Striatum', 'DNA', 'Gene Library', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Protein Conformation', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Radioligand Assay', 'Rats', 'Receptors, Purinergic', 'Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid', 'Transfection', 'Tritium', 'Xanthines']
| 1,857,334
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['B01.050'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['A08.186.211'], ['E05.393.220'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.249.487'], ['D13.444.308'], ['G05.360.325'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['E05.393.620.500'], ['G02.111.570.820.709'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['E01.370.225.985', 'E01.370.374.650', 'E01.370.384.720', 'E05.200.985'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.700', 'D12.776.543.750.720.700'], ['G02.111.810.550', 'G05.810.550'], ['E05.393.350.810', 'G05.728.860'], ['D01.268.406.875', 'D01.362.340.875', 'D01.496.749.925'], ['D03.132.960', 'D03.633.100.759.758.824']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Preliminary research on Zhang Song's Jiu yuan fang
|
Written by Zhang Song, a physician in the Southern Song Dynasty, Jiu yuan fang (Formulary of Exploring Cause) was a lost clinical experienced formulary book. Totally 124 items of its original texts were quoted and remained in some other ancient Chinese medical books, such as Fu zai wan an fang (Formulary for Absolute Safety), Bao qing ben cao zhe zhong (Compromised Materia Medica of Baoqing Reign), Bencaogangmu (Compendium of Materia Medica) and Puji Fang (Prescriptions for Universal Relief) etc. After compiling and editing these scattered records, it was found that Jiu yuan fang was the earliest book carrying the Yupingfeng Powder, with rather high value of literature research and significance of clinical application.
|
['Books', 'History, Medieval', 'Humans', 'Medicine, Chinese Traditional', 'Physicians']
| 30,032,584
|
[['L01.178.682.192'], ['K01.400.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.190.488.585.520', 'I01.076.201.450.654.558.520'], ['M01.526.485.810', 'N02.360.810']]
|
['Information Science [L]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Observing others: multiple action representation in the frontal lobe.
|
Observation of actions performed by others activates monkey ventral premotor cortex, where action meaning, but not object identity, is coded. In a functional MRI (fMRI) study, we investigated whether other monkey frontal areas respond to actions performed by others. Observation of a hand grasping objects activated four frontal areas: rostral F5 and areas 45B, 45A, and 46. Observation of an individual grasping an object also activated caudal F5, which indicates different degrees of action abstraction in F5. Observation of shapes activated area 45, but not premotor F5. Convergence of object and action information in area 45 may be important for full comprehension of actions.
|
['Animals', 'Frontal Lobe', 'Humans', 'Interpersonal Relations', 'Macaca mulatta', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Motion Perception', 'Motor Activity', 'Neurons', 'Videotape Recording']
| 16,224,029
|
[['B01.050'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.270'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.829.401'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.199.120.510.550'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['F02.463.593.932.567'], ['F01.145.632', 'G11.427.410.698'], ['A08.675', 'A11.671'], ['J01.897.280.500.846.734', 'J01.897.280.500.898.840', 'L01.178.590.875.840', 'L01.178.820.090.846.734', 'L01.178.820.090.898.840', 'L01.280.940.840', 'L01.280.960.880']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Phosphorylated Rasal2 facilitates breast cancer progression.
|
BACKGROUND: Rasal2 has diametric effects on progression of oestrogen receptor-positive (ER+) and -negative (ER-) breast cancers. The relevant causes are unknown. It is also unknown whether the effects of Rasal2 are mediated by an exosome-transport process.METHODS: Exosomes were purified from breast cancer cells and identified by transmission electron microscopy and flow cytometry analysis. In vivo and in vitro experiments were conducted to investigate the role of Rasal2 in exosome-mediated breast cancer progression. Western blot analysis was performed to detect Rasal2 and p-Rasal2 (phosphorylated Rasal2) expression in ER+/ER- breast cancer cells and in exosomes, cancer tissues and blood of patients with ER+ or ER- breast cancer.FINDINGS: Phosphorylation of Rasal2 at Serine 237 promoted tumour growth in both ER+ and ER- tumour cells and tissues. The functions of both p-Rasal2 and non-p-Rasal2 (non-phosphorylated-Rasal2) in the modulation of breast cancer progression are exosome-mediated. p-Rasal2 expression in ER+ breast cancer cells and exosomes, cancer tissues and blood was significantly lower than in ER- tumour cells and patients.INTERPRETATION: p-Rasal2 facilitates tumour progression in both ER+ and ER- breast cancers. The ratio of p-Rasal2/non-p-Rasal2 in ER+ and ER- breast cancers is one of the factors deciding the role of Rasal2 (or total Rasal2) as a suppressor in ER+ breast cancers or as a promoter in ER- breast cancers. Targeting the phosphorylation of Rasal2 machinery may therefore be useful as a therapy to restrain breast cancer progression by reducing p-Rasal2/non-p-Rasal2 ratio, especially in ER- breast cancers. FUND: NSFC and Hong Kong Research Grants Council.
|
['Animals', 'Biomarkers, Tumor', 'Breast Neoplasms', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Exosomes', 'Extracellular Vesicles', 'Female', 'GTPase-Activating Proteins', 'Gene Expression', 'Gene Knockdown Techniques', 'Gene Targeting', 'Humans', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Mice', 'Models, Biological', 'Phosphorylation', 'Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays']
| 31,759,919
|
[['B01.050'], ['D23.101.140'], ['C04.588.180', 'C17.800.090.500'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['A11.284.295.588.750', 'A11.284.430.214.190.875.190.880.495'], ['A11.284.295.588'], ['D12.644.360.325.150', 'D12.776.476.325.150'], ['G05.297'], ['E05.393.335.500'], ['E05.393.335'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['E05.599.395'], ['G02.111.665', 'G02.607.780', 'G03.796'], ['E05.337.550.200.900', 'E05.624.850']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
F response and H reflex for monitoring nerve block during epidural analgesia with ropivacaine.
|
The effect of a single epidural injection of ropivacaine on the motor and sensory function controlled from the L5/S1 level was investigated in 28 male volunteers. Concentrations of 1%, 0.75%, or 0.5% ropivacaine, 20 mL, administered at the L2/3 level were studied. Motor function was assessed quantitatively (measurement of muscle force by mechano-transducers), and sensory function by the pinprick method. In addition, F response and H reflex, tests which measure the conduction velocity in the central parts of peripheral nerves, were used. Epidural ropivacaine caused dose-dependent prolongation of the latencies of both these variables. F response latency recovered significantly later than motor function measured by mechano-transducers in the two lower concentration groups. H reflex latency recovered significantly later than sensory function assessed by the pinprick method in all three concentration groups. The time needed for recovery of F and H latencies was not significantly longer than the time from epidural injection to mobilization. At the time when the subjects could go through the mobilization procedure, 12 of 28 subjects were not completely recovered. In 5 of these 12 subjects, the H reflex latency was persistently prolonged at the end of the investigation, long after the subjects felt "normal" again. On follow-up recordings 5 mo later, the baseline latency had been regained in all five subjects. We conclude that F response and H reflex latencies are good indicators of the inhibition of nerve impulse conduction induced by epidural analgesia.
|
['Adult', 'Amides', 'Analgesia, Epidural', 'Anesthetics, Local', 'H-Reflex', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Monitoring, Physiologic', 'Motor Neurons', 'Nerve Block', 'Reference Values', 'Ropivacaine']
| 8,109,767
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D02.065'], ['E03.091.080'], ['D27.505.696.277.100.200', 'D27.505.696.663.850.025', 'D27.505.954.427.210.100.200'], ['G11.561.731.643.474'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.520'], ['A08.675.655.500', 'A11.671.655.500'], ['E03.155.086.711', 'E04.525.210.550'], ['E05.978.810'], ['D02.065.199.825', 'D02.092.146.113.825']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Effect of ghrelin on angiotensin II induced human umbilicus vein endothelial cell oxidative stress and endothelial cell injury.
|
OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of ghrelin on protecting the human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) from injury by angiotensin II (Ang II) in vitro.METHODS: (1) HUVEC was incubated for 24 h with AngII whose final concentration in the medium varied from 10⁻⁹ to 10⁻⁶ mol/L or pretreated with 10⁻⁹ to 10⁻⁶ mol/L ghrelin for 2 h before incubation for 24 h with Ang II whose final concentration in the medium was 10⁻⁶ mol/L. HUVECs were harvested to measure the cell vitality and cell apoptosis. The cell vitality was determined by MTT and cell apoptosis rates were measured by Annexin V-FITC apoptosis detection kit. (2) HUVECs were incubated for 3, 6, 12, or 24 h with 10⁻⁹, 10⁻⁸, 10⁻⁷, or 10⁻⁶ mol/L Ang II, respectively. Before HUVECs were incubated with 10⁻⁶ mol/L Ang II for 24 h, ghrelin (10⁻⁹, 10⁻⁸, 10⁻⁷, and 10⁻⁶ mol/L) was used to pretreat the cells for 2 h. Growth hormone secregogue receptor 1a blocker [D-Lys³]GHRP-6 was added to the cells which were incubated for 24 h with 10⁻⁶ mol/L Ang II and pretreated with 10⁻⁶ mol/L ghrelin for 2 h. Cell reactive oxygen species were measured by dichlorofluorescin (DCF) fluorescence probe method. (3) HUVECs were incubated for 24 h with 10⁻⁹, 10⁻⁸, 10⁻⁷, or 10⁻⁶ mol/L Ang II and ghrelin, respectively,and then were incubated with 10⁻⁶ mol/L of Ang II for 3, 6, 12, or 24 h. Furthermore, HUVECs were pretreated with 10⁻⁹, 10⁻⁸, 10⁻⁷, or 10⁻⁶ mol/L ghrelin for 30 min,1 h, or 2 h, and then were incubated with the inhibitor of mitogen-activated protein kinase /extracellular regulated kinase (MAPK/ERK1/2),PD98059, the inhibitor of phosphoinositide-3-kinase/serine threonine kinase( PI3K/Akt)wortmannin, and [D-Lys³]GHRP-6 for 24 h. NO production was compared among groups. HUVECs were pretreated with ghrelin, PD98059, wortmannin, and [D-Lys³]GHRP-6 for 2 h and co-cultured with 10⁻⁶ mol/L Ang II for 24 h, or pretreated with ghrelin plus PD98059, wortmannin, and [D-Lys³]GHRP-6 before incubation with Ang II for 24 h. NO was measured in the endothelial cell supernatants by Griess method. (4) HUVECs were cultivated with blank or Ang II with or without pretreatment with ghrelin or both ghrelin and wortmannin. The protein expression of eNOS and phospho-protein expression of Akt were measured by Western blot analysis.RESULTS: Ang II injuried the endothelial cell vitality,increased the cell apoptosis rates in HUVECs, and decreased NO production in HUVEC supernatants,whereas ghrelin protected HUVECs from Ang II injury. Ghrelin decreased the reactive oxygen species in HUVECs induced by Ang II. The effect could be attenuated by [D-Lys³]GHRP-6 pretreatment; PD98059 alleviated Ang II inhibition of NO production in HUVEC supernatants. Wortmannin and [D-Lys³]GHRP-6 could abolish protection of ghrelin from reducing NO production in HUVEC supernatants. Ang II reduced the expression of eNOS,but ghrelin increased eNOS expression. Wortmannin could cancel this effect of ghrelin. Ghrelin increased p-Akt expression and reached the peak in 10 and 20 min.CONCLUSION: Ghrelin may protect HUVECs from Ang II induced injury, which is related to decreasing oxidative stress, increasing the protein expression of eNOS, and activating PI3K/Akt signal pathway through GHSR1a receptor.
|
['Angiotensin II', 'Apoptosis', 'Cell Survival', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Ghrelin', 'Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells', 'Humans', 'Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III', 'Oxidative Stress', 'Reactive Oxygen Species']
| 21,051,828
|
[['D06.472.699.094.078', 'D12.644.400.070.078', 'D12.644.456.073.041', 'D12.644.548.058.078', 'D12.776.631.650.070.078', 'D23.469.050.050.050'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['G04.346'], ['A11.251'], ['D06.472.699.301', 'D12.644.548.322'], ['A11.436.275.682'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D08.811.682.664.500.772.750'], ['G03.673', 'G07.775.750'], ['D01.339.431', 'D01.650.775']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Nucleolytic processing of aberrant replication intermediates by an Exo1-Dna2-Sae2 axis counteracts fork collapse-driven chromosome instability.
|
Problems during DNA replication underlie genomic instability and drive malignant transformation. The DNA damage checkpoint stabilizes stalled replication forks thus counteracting aberrant fork transitions, DNA breaks and chromosomal rearrangements. We analyzed fork processing in checkpoint deficient cells by coupling psoralen crosslinking with replication intermediate two-dimensional gel analysis. This revealed a novel role for Exo1 nuclease in resecting reversed replication fork structures and counteracting the accumulation of aberrant intermediates resembling fork cleavage products. Genetic analyses demonstrated a functional interplay of Exo1 with Mus81, Dna2 and Sae2 nucleases in promoting cell survival following replication stress, suggestive of concerted nucleolytic processing of stalled forks. While Mus81 and other Structure Specific Endonucleases do not contribute to obvious collapsed fork transitions, Dna2 promotes reversed fork resection likely by facilitating Exo1 access to nascent strands. Instead, Sae2 cooperates with Exo1 in counteracting putative fork cleavage events linked to double strand breaks formation and increased gross chromosomal rearrangement rates. Our data indicate that in checkpoint deficient cells diverse nuclease activities interface to eliminate aberrant replication intermediates and prevent chromosome instability.
|
['Cell Cycle Proteins', 'Checkpoint Kinase 2', 'Chromosomal Instability', 'Chromosomes, Fungal', 'DNA Helicases', 'DNA Repair', 'DNA Replication', 'DNA, Fungal', 'Endonucleases', 'Exodeoxyribonucleases', 'G1 Phase Cell Cycle Checkpoints', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins']
| 27,672,038
|
[['D12.776.167'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.145'], ['C23.550.210.110', 'C23.550.362.180', 'G05.365.590.175.165', 'G05.370.180'], ['A11.284.187.360', 'A19.311', 'G05.360.162.360'], ['D08.811.277.040.025.159', 'D08.811.399.340'], ['G02.111.222', 'G05.219'], ['G02.111.225', 'G05.226'], ['D13.444.308.300'], ['D08.811.277.352.355'], ['D08.811.277.352.335.375', 'D08.811.277.352.365.290'], ['G04.144.109.249', 'G04.144.500.320.500'], ['B01.300.107.795.785.800', 'B01.300.930.705.655'], ['D12.776.354.750']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Distribution of the streptomycin-resistance transposon Tn5393 among phylloplane and soil bacteria from managed agricultural habitats.
|
The distribution of the strA-strB streptomycin-resistance (Smr) genes associated with Tn5393 was examined in bacteria isolated from the phylloplane and soil of ornamental pear and tomato. Two ornamental pear nurseries received previous foliar applications of streptomycin, whereas the tomato fields had no prior exposure to streptomycin bactericides. Although the recovery of culturable Smr bacteria was generally higher from soil, the highest occurrence of Smr was observed in phylloplane bacteria of an ornamental pear nursery that received 15 annual applications of streptomycin during the previous 2 years. Twenty-two and 12% of 143 Gram-negative phylloplane and 163 Gram-negative soil isolates, respectively, contained sequences that hybridized to probes specific for the strA-strB Smr genes and for the transposase and resolvase genes of Tn5393. These sequences were located on large plasmids (> 60 kb) in 74% of the isolates. The 77 Smr Gram-positive bacteria isolated in the present study showed no homology to the Tn5393-derived probes. Although the repeated use of a single antibiotic in clinical situations is known to favor the development of strains with resistance to other antibiotics, we found no evidence that intensive streptomycin usage in agricultural habitats favors the development of resistance to tetracycline, an antibiotic also registered for disease control on plants. The detection of Tn5393 in bacteria with no prior exposure to streptomycin suggests that this transposon is indigenous to both phylloplane and soil microbial communities.
|
['Bacteria', 'Crops, Agricultural', 'DNA Probes', 'DNA Transposable Elements', 'Drug Resistance, Microbial', 'Drug Resistance, Multiple', 'Fruit', 'Lycopersicon esculentum', 'Nucleic Acid Hybridization', 'Phenotype', 'Plant Leaves', 'Soil Microbiology', 'Streptomycin', 'Tetracycline Resistance']
| 7,585,356
|
[['B03'], ['B01.650.160', 'G07.203.300.300', 'J02.500.300'], ['D13.444.600.223', 'D27.505.259.750.600.223', 'D27.720.470.530.600.223'], ['D13.444.308.520', 'G02.111.570.080.708.330.200', 'G05.360.080.708.330.200', 'G05.360.340.024.425.200'], ['G06.225', 'G07.690.773.984.269'], ['G07.690.773.984.300'], ['A18.024.500', 'G07.203.300.562', 'J02.500.562'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.908.500.322'], ['E05.393.661', 'G02.111.611'], ['G05.695'], ['A18.024.812'], ['H01.158.273.540.274.555', 'N06.850.425.300'], ['D09.408.051.885'], ['G06.099.225.937', 'G06.225.347.937', 'G07.690.773.984.269.347.937']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
A hypothesis to explain childhood cancers near nuclear power plants.
|
Over 60 epidemiological studies world-wide have examined cancer incidences in children near nuclear power plants (NPPs): most of them indicate leukemia increases. These include the 2008 KiKK study commissioned by the German Government which found relative risks (RR) of 1.6 in total cancers and 2.2 in leukemias among infants living within 5 km of all German NPPs. The KiKK study has retriggered the debate as to the cause(s) of these increased cancers. A suggested hypothesis is that the increased cancers arise from radiation exposures to pregnant women near NPPs. However any theory has to account for the >10,000 fold discrepancy between official dose estimates from NPP emissions and observed increased risks. An explanation may be that doses from spikes in NPP radionuclide emissions are significantly larger than those estimated by official models which are diluted through the use of annual averages. In addition, risks to embryos/fetuses are greater than those to adults and haematopoietic tissues appear more radiosensitive in embryos/fetuses than in newborn babies. The product of possible increased doses and possible increased risks per dose may provide an explanation.
|
['Female', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Neoplasms', 'Nuclear Power Plants', 'Pregnancy']
| 24,054,083
|
[['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['C04'], ['E07.710.600.500', 'J01.780.600', 'J03.540.680.600'], ['G08.686.784.769']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Activated protein C mediates a healing phenotype in cultured tenocytes.
|
Tendon injuries cause considerable morbidity in the general adult population. The tenocytes within the tendon have the full capacity to heal the tendon intrinsically. Activated protein C (APC) plays an important role in coagulation and inflammation and more recently has been shown to promote cutaneous wound healing. In this study we examined whether APC can induce a wound healing phenotype in tenocytes. Sheep tenocytes were treated with APC, endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR) blocking antibody (RCR252) and/or EPCR small interfering (si)RNA. Cell proliferation and migration were measured by crystal violet assay and a scratch wounding assay, respectively. The expression of EPCR, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, type I collagen and MAP kinase activity were detected by real time PCR, zymography, immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. APC stimulated proliferation, MMP-2 activity and type I collagen deposition in a dose-dependent manner and promoted migration of cultured tenocytes. APC dose-dependently stimulated phosphorylated (P)-ERK2 and inhibited P-p38. Interestingly, tenocytes expressed EPCR protein, which was up-regulated by APC. When tenocytes were pre-treated with RCR252 or EPCR siRNA the effect of APC on proliferation, MMP-2 and type 1 collagen synthesis and MAP kinases was blocked. APC promotes the growth, MMP-2 activity, type I collagen deposition and migration of tenocytes. Furthermore, EPCR is expressed by tenocytes and mediates the actions of APC, at least partly by signalling through selective MAP kinases. These data implicate APC as a potential healing agent for injured tendons.
|
['Animals', 'Antigens, CD', 'Cell Movement', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Collagen Type I', 'Endothelial Protein C Receptor', 'Enzyme Activation', 'Humans', 'Matrix Metalloproteinase 2', 'Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases', 'Phenotype', 'Protein C', 'Receptors, Cell Surface', 'Sheep', 'Tendons', 'Wound Healing']
| 18,466,356
|
[['B01.050'], ['D23.050.301.264.035', 'D23.101.100.110'], ['G04.198', 'G07.568.500.180'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['A11.251'], ['D05.750.078.280.300.100', 'D12.776.860.300.250.300.100'], ['D12.776.395.550.294', 'D12.776.543.550.294', 'D12.776.543.750.045'], ['G02.111.263', 'G03.328'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.480.205.352', 'D08.811.277.656.300.480.252.420', 'D08.811.277.656.300.480.525.700.150', 'D08.811.277.656.675.374.205.352', 'D08.811.277.656.675.374.252.420', 'D08.811.277.656.675.374.525.700.150', 'D12.644.276.848.150', 'D12.776.467.836.150'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.567', 'D12.644.360.450', 'D12.776.476.450'], ['G05.695'], ['D08.622.705', 'D12.776.124.650', 'D12.776.395.635', 'D12.776.811.243.705', 'D23.113.700'], ['D12.776.543.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.791'], ['A02.880'], ['G16.762.891']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Photophysics of Calix[4]biscrown-based ditopic receptors of caesium containing one or two dioxocoumarin fluorophores.
|
The ditopic receptors Calix-COU1 and Calix-COU2 consist of a calix[4]biscrown containing one or two dioxycoumarin fluorophores, respectively, inserted into the crown. They can form 1:1 and 2:1 (metal:ligand) complexes with caesium ions. The photophysical properties of the 1:1 complexes can be explained by (i) cation tunneling through the tube-shaped cavity (composed of the four phenyl rings) of the calix[4]biscrown, (ii) photodisruption of the interaction between the bound cation and the oxygen atoms belonging to both the coumarin moiety and the crown, (iii) photoinduced motions of the cation.
|
['Algorithms', 'Calixarenes', 'Cesium', 'Chelating Agents', 'Coumarins', 'Crown Ethers', 'Models, Chemical', 'Phenols', 'Spectrometry, Fluorescence', 'Spectrophotometry']
| 15,617,387
|
[['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['D04.345.025'], ['D01.268.549.125', 'D01.268.556.165', 'D01.552.528.160', 'D01.552.544.165'], ['D27.505.519.914.500', 'D27.720.832.500'], ['D03.383.663.283.446', 'D03.633.100.150.446'], ['D02.355.291.308', 'D04.345.051.500', 'D04.345.241.308'], ['E05.599.495'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.657'], ['E05.196.712.516.600.676', 'E05.196.867.726'], ['E05.196.712.726', 'E05.196.867.826']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Effects of chronic estrogen treatment on dopamine concentrations and turnover in discrete brain nuclei of ovariectomized rats.
|
We investigated the effects of chronic estrogen treatment in ovariectomized rats on the concentration of dopamine in 33 discrete brain nuclei. In order to assess estrogen's influence on dopamine turnover, some of the rats were administered alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine. Estrogen treatment reduced the concentrations of dopamine in the nucleus accumbens septi, striatum, median eminence, nucleus anterior hypothalami, nucleus suprachiasmaticus, nucleus arcuate IV-V, area ventralis tegmenti, interpeduncular nucleus and nucleus interstitialis striae terminalis. Treatment was without effect on dopamine turnover in all areas studied.
|
['Animals', 'Brain', 'Castration', 'Dopamine', 'Estradiol', 'Estrogens', 'Female', 'Methyltyrosines', 'Rats']
| 7,219,894
|
[['B01.050'], ['A08.186.211'], ['E04.270.282', 'E04.950.165'], ['D02.092.211.215.406', 'D02.092.311.342', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.175.342'], ['D04.210.500.365.415.248', 'D06.472.334.851.437.500'], ['D27.505.696.399.472.277'], ['D12.125.072.050.875.485'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The effects on lipid serum levels of a 2-year adjuvant treatment with exemestane after tamoxifen in postmenopausal women with early breast cancer.
|
BACKGROUND: The third-generation aromatase inhibitor exemestane represents a new development in the treatment of estrogen-positive breast cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects on lipid profile and body composition of the shift from tamoxifen to exemestane.METHODS: After 2-3 years of tamoxifen adjuvant treatment, 68 postmenopausal women were randomly assigned to either continue tamoxifen 20 mg/day (n = 35) or to switch to exemestane 25 mg/day (n = 33).RESULTS: No significant changes in lipid profile were found in patients continuing on tamoxifen. In the exemestane group, serum HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) and triglycerides (TG) decreased significantly (p < 0.01) and serum LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) increased significantly (p < 0.05) with respect to baseline. The difference between the two groups was significant. Moreover, in the exemestane group, fat mass (FM) and fat-free mass (FFM) showed an opposite trend, which determined a progressive and significant increase in the FFM/FM ratio.CONCLUSION: This study shows that the choice of first-line treatment or adjuvant therapy for breast cancer should also take the individual lipid and body composition profile into account.
|
['Aged', 'Androstadienes', 'Antineoplastic Agents', 'Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal', 'Aromatase Inhibitors', 'Biomarkers', 'Body Composition', 'Breast Neoplasms', 'Chemotherapy, Adjuvant', 'Cholesterol, HDL', 'Cholesterol, LDL', 'Cohort Studies', 'Estrogen Receptor Modulators', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Lipids', 'Middle Aged', 'Postmenopause', 'Single-Blind Method', 'Tamoxifen', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Triglycerides']
| 19,046,724
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['D04.210.500.054.079.129'], ['D27.505.954.248'], ['D27.505.954.248.169'], ['D27.505.519.389.870.300', 'D27.505.696.399.450.327.149', 'D27.505.696.399.450.855.300'], ['D23.101'], ['G02.111.130', 'G03.180', 'G07.100.049'], ['C04.588.180', 'C17.800.090.500'], ['E02.186.170', 'E02.319.170'], ['D04.210.500.247.808.197.238', 'D10.532.432.400', 'D10.570.938.208.270', 'D12.776.521.479.470'], ['D04.210.500.247.808.197.244', 'D10.532.515.500', 'D10.570.938.208.275', 'D12.776.521.550.500'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['D06.347.360', 'D27.505.696.399.450.360'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D10'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G08.686.157.500.625', 'G08.686.841.249.500.625'], ['E05.318.370.850', 'N05.715.360.325.730', 'N06.850.520.445.850'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.150.700.900'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['D10.351.801']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Selection of monoclonal antibodies for the identification of lymphocyte surface antigens in the New World primate Saguinus oedipus oedipus (cotton top tamarin).
|
32 monoclonal antibodies reactive with human CD antigens were tested against tamarin peripheral blood lymphocytes, ConA blasts and lymphoblastoid B cell lines derived from tamarin cells. Reagents that cross-react with MHC class I and II, B cells (CD20, -21 and -23), monocytes (CD14) and NK cells (CD16, -56) have been identified. In addition monoclonals that cross-react with T cells (CD2, CD3), the CD4/CD8 subsets of T cells and the IL-2 receptor (CD25) are reported. A monoclonal against the beta chain of LFA-1 (CD18) cross-reacted strongly, but there was only a very poor cross-reaction with a monoclonal against the alpha chain of CD11a. Two monoclonals tested against ICAM-1(CD54) were negative.
|
['Animals', 'Antibodies, Monoclonal', 'Antigens, CD', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Concanavalin A', 'Cross Reactions', 'Flow Cytometry', 'Humans', 'Lymphocyte Activation', 'Lymphocytes', 'Saguinus']
| 7,836,781
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224'], ['D23.050.301.264.035', 'D23.101.100.110'], ['A11.251'], ['D12.776.503.499.500', 'D12.776.765.678.500'], ['G12.122.281'], ['E01.370.225.500.363.342', 'E01.370.225.500.386.350', 'E05.196.712.516.600.240.350', 'E05.200.500.363.342', 'E05.200.500.386.350', 'E05.242.363.342', 'E05.242.386.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.812.482', 'E05.200.812.482', 'E05.478.594.530', 'G12.450.050.400.545', 'G12.565'], ['A11.118.637.555.567', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567', 'A15.382.490.555.567'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.600.150.150.710']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Uric acid is a main electron donor to peroxidases in human blood plasma.
|
BACKGROUND: Peroxidases are widely distributed and have been isolated from many higher-order plants, animal tissues, yeast and microorganisms. During measurements of peroxidase activities in samples of human plasma, we noticed the presence of a compound in the plasma which was interfering with the peroxidase assay. In this paper we describe the purification and characterization of this factor, which was identified as uric acid.MATERIAL/METHODS: The procedure used to purify uric acid from plasma involved ultra-filtration of the plasma, heat denaturation, DEAE-cellulose chromatography, and high performance liquid chromatography. The lyophilized powder was tested for homogeneity using an HPLC apparatus and capillary electrophoresis. Genuine uric acid samples were used for comparison.RESULTS: The compound obtained by the above-reported purification procedure was identified as uric acid by spectrophotometric analysis through comparison with genuine uric acid samples. Spectrophotometric measurements indicated that uric acid was degraded by HRP in the presence of H2O2.CONCLUSIONS: The experimental procedures described above allowed us to isolate and identify uric acid as the component in human plasma that acts as a true substrate for peroxidases.
|
['Cellulose', 'Chromatography', 'Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'Electrophoresis, Capillary', 'Ethanolamines', 'Humans', 'Hydrogen', 'Hydrogen Peroxide', 'Models, Chemical', 'Peroxidases', 'Spectrophotometry', 'Time Factors', 'Ultrafiltration', 'Uric Acid']
| 12,444,370
|
[['D05.750.078.562.180', 'D09.698.365.180', 'D25.720.099.500', 'J01.637.051.720.099.500'], ['E05.196.181'], ['E05.196.181.400.300'], ['E05.196.401.190', 'E05.301.300.190'], ['D02.033.100.291', 'D02.033.375.291', 'D02.092.063.291'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D01.268.406', 'D01.362.340'], ['D01.248.497.158.685.750.424', 'D01.339.431.374.424', 'D01.650.550.750.400', 'D02.389.338.253'], ['E05.599.495'], ['D08.811.682.732'], ['E05.196.712.726', 'E05.196.867.826'], ['G01.910.857'], ['E04.292.975', 'E05.196.454.807', 'G01.280.807', 'G02.263.807'], ['D03.132.960.877', 'D03.633.100.759.758.824.877']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Serum cystatin C levels in Nigerian children: reference intervals and relationship to demographic and anthropometric variables.
|
BACKGROUND: Cystatin C has been recognized as a good marker of kidney function but reference ranges have not been determined in Nigerian children.OBJECTIVE: To determine the reference range of serum cystatin C in Nigerian children with no overt signs of kidney disease and to determine and compare the relationship of serum cystatin C and serum creatinine with demographic and anthropometric variables.METHODS: Fifty-nine children aged two years to 16 years with no evidence of overt kidney disease were recruited from the Paediatric Clinics of the Lagos University Teaching Hospital. Serum cystatin C levels were measured using ELISA method while serum creatinine was measured by a rate-blanked and compensated Jaffe method using a Roche/Hitachi 902 auto-analyser. Both were measured using the same serum sample.RESULTS: The mean (±1.96SD) serum cystatin C level was 0.73 (0.41-1.04) mg/L and was similar among male and female children (P=0.640) and between children younger than five years and those five years and older (P=0.596). Unlike cystatin C, serum creatinine was higher among children five years or older. In contrast to serum creatinine, serum cystatin showed no significant correlation with age (r=0.153, P=0.246), weight (r=0.062, P=0.641) and length (r=0.067, P=0.612).CONCLUSION: Serum cystatin C reference range in Nigerian children is similar to that reported for children in other regions of the world and appears to be independent of gender, weight, height, body mass index and age after two years.
|
['Adolescent', 'Age Distribution', 'Anthropometry', 'Biomarkers', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Cohort Studies', 'Creatinine', 'Cystatin C', 'Demography', 'Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Nigeria', 'Reference Values', 'Sex Distribution']
| 22,120,484
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['I01.240.050', 'N01.224.033', 'N06.850.505.400.050'], ['E01.370.600.024', 'E05.041', 'N06.850.505.200.100'], ['D23.101'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['D03.383.129.308.207'], ['D12.776.215.300'], ['I01.240', 'N01.224', 'N06.850.505.400'], ['E05.478.566.350.170', 'E05.478.566.380.360', 'E05.478.583.400.170', 'E05.601.470.350.170', 'E05.601.470.380.360'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.058.290.190.565'], ['E05.978.810'], ['I01.240.800', 'N01.224.803', 'N06.850.505.400.850']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Add-on effect of Guizhi Fuling formula to mifepristone for endometriosis: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
|
BACKGROUND: Guizhi Fuling pill, a famous traditional Chinese herbal formula, has been widely used for treatment of gynecological diseases. This meta-analysis sought to evaluate the add-on effect of Guizhi Fuling capsule (GZFL) to mifepristone in women with endometriosis.METHODS: A comprehensively literature search was conducted using Pubed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Wanfang, CNKI, VIP databases from their inceptions to January 25, 2019. Randomized controlled trials that compared GZFL plus mifepristone to mifepristone alone for treatment of endometriosis were eligible. Main outcomes were pregnancy, reduction of the recurrence, and serum level of follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, estradiol or progesterone.RESULTS: A total of 1052 women with endometriosis from 10 trials were identified and analyzed. Meta-analyses showed that GZFL plus mifepristone was superior to mifepristone in reducing the recurrence of endometriosis (RR 0.40; 95% CI 0.27-0.59) and improving the pregnancy (risk ratio [RR] 1.74; 95% confidence intervals [CI] 1.40-2.17). Moreover, adjuvant treatment with GZFL also significantly reduced serum level of estradiol (mean difference [MD] -20.83 pmol/L; 95% CI -34.01 to -7.65) and progesterone (MD -0.18 mmol/L; 95% CI -0.23 to -0.12). However, there were no significant differences in serum level of follicle-stimulating hormone (MD -0.42 U/L; 95% CI -1.16 to 0.31) and luteinizing hormone (MD -0.04 U/L; 95% CI -0.43 to 0.34).CONCLUSION: GZFL as adjuvant therapy to mifepristone appears to have additional benefits in preventing recurrence of endometriosis and improving pregnancy among women with endometriosis. However, these conclusions should be interpreted with caution due to the methodological flaws of the included trials.
|
['Drug Therapy, Combination', 'Drugs, Chinese Herbal', 'Endometriosis', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Mifepristone', 'Pregnancy', 'Pregnancy Rate', 'Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 31,415,429
|
[['E02.319.310'], ['D20.215.784.500.350', 'D26.335'], ['C13.351.500.163'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D04.210.500.365.415.580'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['E05.318.308.985.775', 'G08.686.705', 'N01.224.935.849', 'N06.850.505.400.975.775', 'N06.850.520.308.985.775'], ['E05.318.372.250.250.365.500', 'N05.715.360.330.250.250.365.500', 'N06.850.520.450.250.250.365.500'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Antitumor Effect of KX-01 through Inhibiting Src Family Kinases and Mitosis.
|
PURPOSE: KX-01 is a novel dual inhibitor of Src and tubulin. Unlike previous Src inhibitors that failed to show clinical benefit during treatment of breast cancer, KX-01 can potentially overcome the therapeutic limitations of current Src inhibitors through inhibition of both Src and tubulin. The present study further evaluates the activity and mechanism of KX-01 in vitro and in vivo.MATERIALS AND METHODS: The antitumor effect of KX-01 in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell lines was determined by MTT assay. Wound healing and immunofluorescence assays were performed to evaluate the action mechanisms of KX-01. Changes in the cell cycle and molecular changes induced by KX-01 were also evaluated. A MDA-MB-231 mouse xenograft model was used to demonstrate the in vivo effects.RESULTS: KX-01 effectively inhibited the growth of breast cancer cell lines. The expression of phospho-Src and proliferative-signaling molecules were down-regulated in KX-01-sensitive TNBC cell lines. In addition, migration inhibition was observed by wound healing assay. KX-01-induced G2/M cell cycle arrest and increased the aneuploid cell population in KX-01-sensitive cell lines. Multi-nucleated cells were significantly increased after KX-01 treatment. Furthermore, KX-01 effectively delayed tumor growth in a MDA-MB-231 mouse xenograft model.CONCLUSION: KX-01 effectively inhibited cell growth and migration of TNBC cells. Moreover, this study demonstrated that KX-01 showed antitumor effects through the inhibition of Src signaling and the induction of mitotic catastrophe. The antitumor effects of KX-01 were also demonstrated in vivo using a mouse xenograft model.
|
['Acetamides', 'Aneuploidy', 'Animals', 'Antineoplastic Agents', 'Apoptosis', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Cell Movement', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Female', 'G2 Phase Cell Cycle Checkpoints', 'Humans', 'Mitosis', 'Phosphorylation', 'Protein Kinase Inhibitors', 'Pyridines', 'Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms', 'Tumor Burden', 'Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays', 'src-Family Kinases']
| 27,737,538
|
[['D02.065.064', 'D02.241.081.018.110'], ['C23.550.210.050', 'G05.365.590.175.050', 'G05.700.131'], ['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.248'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['G04.198', 'G07.568.500.180'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['G04.144.109.500', 'G04.144.500.340.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G04.144.220.220.781', 'G05.113.220.781'], ['G02.111.665', 'G02.607.780', 'G03.796'], ['D27.505.519.389.755'], ['D03.383.725'], ['C04.588.180.788', 'C17.800.090.500.788'], ['E05.041.124.892'], ['E05.337.550.200.900', 'E05.624.850'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.800']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Cajal's contribution to the neurology of breathing.
|
Cajal, through his pioneering investigations, was able to characterize the location and connections of several brainstem nuclei. This, coupled with previous investigations by others, allowed him to formulate a concept of the microscopic anatomy of automatic respiration.
|
['History, 19th Century', 'Humans', 'Neurology', 'Respiratory System', 'Spain']
| 12,598,955
|
[['K01.400.504.937'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['H02.403.600'], ['A04'], ['Z01.542.846']]
|
['Humanities [K]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
|
We're off to see the genome.
|
We discuss some societal and legal ramifications of the human genetics revolution. Our reflections were stimulated by discussions among scientists, citizens and legal experts at a large public symposium. We outline key issues regarding oversight of genetic research on human subjects, banking of DNA data by governments and corporations, the potential impact of behavioural genetics and effects upon racial and racist thinking. We contend that, in some cases, well-intentioned but naive efforts to protect the rights of individuals and groups may hurt everyone by blocking the progress of useful research.
|
['Databases, Factual', 'Databases, Nucleic Acid', 'Drug Industry', 'Ethics, Medical', 'Federal Government', 'Genetic Privacy', 'Genetic Research', 'Genetics, Behavioral', 'Genetics, Medical', 'Genome, Human', 'Government Regulation', 'Human Genome Project', 'Humans', 'Law Enforcement', 'Neonatal Screening', 'Prejudice', 'Research Subjects', 'Risk Assessment', 'Third-Party Consent', 'United Kingdom', 'United States']
| 9,731,523
|
[['L01.313.500.750.300.188.400', 'L01.470.750.750'], ['L01.313.500.750.300.188.400.300.500', 'L01.313.500.750.300.188.400.325.630', 'L01.470.750.750.300.500', 'L01.470.750.750.325.630'], ['J01.576.655.750'], ['K01.752.566.479.171.132.750', 'N05.350.340.162.500'], ['I01.409.137', 'I01.409.418.625', 'N03.540.348.500', 'N03.540.400.750'], ['I01.880.604.473.352.500.320', 'I01.880.604.473.650.500.320', 'I01.880.604.583.080.320', 'N03.706.437.352.500.320', 'N03.706.437.650.124.320', 'N03.706.535.230.320'], ['H01.158.273.343.249', 'H01.770.644.145.350'], ['F04.096.276', 'H01.158.273.343.290'], ['H01.158.273.343.385.500', 'H02.403.350'], ['G05.360.340.350'], ['I01.880.604.394', 'N03.706.358'], ['H01.158.273.180.350.174', 'H01.158.273.343.249.400', 'H01.158.273.343.350.174', 'H01.158.273.343.385.875', 'H01.770.644.145.350.500', 'L01.453.450'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['I01.880.604.594'], ['E01.370.225.910', 'E01.370.500.580', 'E05.200.910', 'E05.318.308.980.438.580.580', 'N02.421.726.233.443.816', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.500.575', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.580.580', 'N06.850.780.500.580'], ['F01.145.813.550', 'F01.829.595'], ['M01.774'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.715', 'N04.452.871.715', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.690', 'N06.850.505.715', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.715'], ['I01.880.604.583.427.635', 'N03.706.535.489.635'], ['Z01.542.363'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]
|
['Information Science [L]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
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| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Loss of Discoidin Domain Receptor 1 Predisposes Mice to Periodontal Breakdown.
|
The discoidin domain receptors, DDR1 and DDR2, are nonintegrin collagen receptors and tyrosine kinases. DDRs regulate cell functions, and their extracellular domains affect collagen fibrillogenesis and mineralization. Based on the collagenous nature of dentoalveolar tissues, we hypothesized that DDR1 plays an important role in dentoalveolar development and function. Radiography, micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), histology, histomorphometry, in situ hybridization (ISH), immunohistochemistry (IHC), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to analyze Ddr1 knockout (Ddr1-/-) mice and wild-type (WT) controls at 1, 2, and 9 mo, and ISH and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) were employed to assess Ddr1/DDR1 messenger RNA expression in mouse and human tissues. Radiographic images showed normal molars but abnormal mandibular condyles, as well as alveolar bone loss in Ddr1-/- mice versus WT controls at 9 mo. Histological, histomorphometric, micro-CT, and TEM analyses indicated no differences in enamel or dentin Ddr1-/- versus WT molars. Total volumes (TVs) and bone volumes (BVs) of subchondral and ramus bone of Ddr1-/- versus WT condyles were increased and bone volume fraction (BV/TV) was reduced at 1 and 9 mo. There were no differences in alveolar bone volume at 1 mo, but at 9 mo, severe periodontal defects and significant alveolar bone loss (14%; P < 0.0001) were evident in Ddr1-/- versus WT mandibles. Histology, ISH, and IHC revealed disrupted junctional epithelium, connective tissue destruction, bacterial invasion, increased neutrophil infiltration, upregulation of cytokines including macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and 3-fold increased osteoclast numbers (P < 0.05) in Ddr1-/- versus WT periodontia at 9 mo. In normal mouse tissues, ISH and qPCR revealed Ddr1 expression in basal cell layers of the oral epithelia and in immune cells. We confirmed a similar expression pattern in human oral epithelium by ISH and qPCR. We propose that DDR1 plays an important role in periodontal homeostasis and that absence of DDR1 predisposes mice to periodontal breakdown.
|
['Animals', 'Collagen', 'Discoidin Domain Receptor 1', 'Humans', 'Mice', 'Mice, Knockout', 'Osteoclasts', 'Periodontal Atrophy', 'X-Ray Microtomography']
| 31,610,730
|
[['B01.050'], ['D05.750.078.280', 'D12.776.860.300.250'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.400.005.500', 'D12.776.543.750.630.005.500', 'D12.776.543.750.685.050.500', 'D12.776.543.750.705.880.300.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.136.500.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.455', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800.500'], ['A11.329.372.700', 'A11.627.482.700'], ['C07.465.714.354'], ['E01.370.350.700.810.810.900', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810.900']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
A bacterial effector acts as a plant transcription factor and induces a cell size regulator.
|
Pathogenicity of many Gram-negative bacteria relies on the injection of effector proteins by type III secretion into eukaryotic cells, where they modulate host signaling pathways to the pathogen's benefit. One such effector protein injected by Xanthomonas into plants is AvrBs3, which localizes to the plant cell nucleus and causes hypertrophy of plant mesophyll cells. We show that AvrBs3 induces the expression of a master regulator of cell size, upa20, which encodes a transcription factor containing a basic helix-loop-helix domain. AvrBs3 binds to a conserved element in the upa20 promoter via its central repeat region and induces gene expression through its activation domain. Thus, AvrBs3 and likely other members of this family provoke developmental reprogramming of host cells by mimicking eukaryotic transcription factors.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Bacterial Proteins', 'Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors', 'Capsicum', 'Cell Enlargement', 'Cell Size', 'Chromatin Immunoprecipitation', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Plant', 'Gene Silencing', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Plant Leaves', 'Plant Proteins', 'Promoter Regions, Genetic', 'Tobacco', 'Transcription, Genetic', 'Xanthomonas campestris']
| 17,962,565
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['D12.776.097'], ['D12.776.260.103', 'D12.776.930.125'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.908.500.145'], ['G04.161.500', 'G07.345.249.410.500'], ['G04.325'], ['E05.393.170', 'E05.478.605.160'], ['G05.308.375'], ['G05.308.203.374'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['A18.024.812'], ['D12.776.765'], ['G02.111.570.080.689.675', 'G05.360.080.689.675', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.750.680'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.908.500.900'], ['G02.111.873', 'G05.297.700'], ['B03.440.400.425.967.930.100', 'B03.660.250.915.930.100']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Abscisic acid suppresses the highly occurred somatic homologous recombination in Arabidopsis rfc1 mutant.
|
The phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) regulates many aspects of plant growth, including seed germination, root growth and cell division. Previous study indicates that ABA treatment increases DNA damage and somatic homologous recombination (HR) in Arabidopsis abo4/pol ? (aba overly-sensitive 4 /DNA polymerase ?) mutants. DNA replication factor C (RFC) complex is required for loading PCNA (Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen) during DNA replication. The defect in RFC1, the largest subunit of RFC, causes the high HR and DNA damage sensitivity in Arabidopsis. Here we found that like pol å/abo4, rfc1 is sensitive to ABA in both ABA-inhibiting seed germination and root growth. However, ABA treatment greatly reduces HR and also reduces the expression of the DNA-damaged marker genes in rfc1. These results suggest that RFC1 plays critical roles in ABA-mediated HR in Arabidopsis.
|
['Abscisic Acid', 'Arabidopsis', 'Arabidopsis Proteins', 'Cyclin B', 'DNA Damage', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Plant', 'Genes, Reporter', 'Germination', 'Homologous Recombination', 'Mutation', 'Plant Growth Regulators', 'Plant Roots', 'Plants, Genetically Modified', 'Promoter Regions, Genetic', 'Replication Protein C', 'Seedlings', 'Signal Transduction']
| 24,053,948
|
[['D02.241.223.268.034', 'D02.455.326.271.665.202.061', 'D02.455.426.392.368.367.379.249.024', 'D02.455.849.131.061', 'D02.455.849.765.521.500'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.157.100'], ['D12.776.765.149'], ['D12.644.360.262.120', 'D12.776.167.218.120', 'D12.776.476.262.120'], ['G05.200'], ['G05.308.375'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.435'], ['G07.345.625.249', 'G15.357'], ['G05.728.615'], ['G05.365.590'], ['D27.505.696.377.760'], ['A18.400'], ['B01.650.520', 'B05.620.600'], ['G02.111.570.080.689.675', 'G05.360.080.689.675', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.750.680'], ['D08.811.277.040.013.500.438', 'D08.811.277.040.025.024.438', 'D12.776.157.025.750.438', 'D12.776.260.702'], ['A18.550', 'B01.650.819'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Maxillary chondrosarcoma (report of two cases).
|
Two cases of chondrosarcoma of the maxilla are reported together with the clinical and histological differential diagnosis. The origin of this rare tumour in the maxilla, a bone with exclusive membranous ossification, is discussed in accordance with the new concept of cell differentiation in neoplasia.
|
['Adult', 'Chondrosarcoma', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Maxillary Neoplasms']
| 3,346,601
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['C04.557.450.565.280', 'C04.557.450.795.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.588.149.721.450.601', 'C05.116.231.754.450.601', 'C05.500.499.601', 'C05.500.693.528', 'C07.320.515.601', 'C07.320.660.601']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Pharmacokinetic studies on ceftezole.
|
The adult volunteers were given 1 g of ceftezole as a single intramuscular dose to investigate the pharmacokinetic profile of this new cephalosporin. The peak average serum concentration, reached 2 h after injection, was 22.5 micrograms/ml, and the t1/2 beta was 1.5 h; urinary recovery was over 80% within 24 h, the majority of injected ceftezole being excreted within 3 hours.
|
['Adult', 'Cefazolin', 'Humans', 'Injections, Intramuscular', 'Kinetics', 'Male', 'Middle Aged']
| 3,802,300
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D02.065.589.099.249.160', 'D02.886.665.074.160', 'D03.633.100.300.249.160'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.319.267.530.460'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['M01.060.116.630']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
CD34 expression in native human acute myelogenous leukemia blasts: differences in CD34 membrane molecule expression are associated with different gene expression profiles.
|
BACKGROUND: The stem cell marker CD34 is expressed by leukemia blasts only for a subset of patients with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). It is still controversial as to whether CD34 expression (defined as at least 10-20% positive cells) has any prognostic effect in patients with AML who receive intensive chemotherapy. The present study investigated whether gene expression profiling could be used to further subclassify CD34(+) AML cell populations.METHODS: AML blasts derived from 25 patients were examined; these patients were randomly selected from a larger consecutive group of patients. CD34 protein expression was determined by flow cytometry and expressed as the percentage of positive cells. Gene expression profiles were determined by complementary DNA microarrays.RESULTS: By unsupervised hierarchical clustering our patients could be grouped into two or three major subsets depending on the methodologic approach before clustering analysis (filtering or flooring of data, respectively). However, both approaches identified a cluster characterized by high gene expression and membrane molecule level of CD34. When using the floored expression profiles, the patient cluster characterized by increased CD34 gene expression was also characterized by a high percentage of CD34(+) cells (median 82%, range 56-100%) compared with the two other major clusters (median 19%, range <1-55%), but three of four outpatients also showed a high percentage of CD34(+) cells.CONCLUSION: A major proportion of patients with AML and high CD34 expression (usually >80% CD34(+) cells; nearly all patients had >50% positive cells) showed similarities in gene expression profile. In contrast, patients with lower CD34 expression often had a profile similar to those of patients regarded as CD34(-) according to conventional criteria. Our results suggest that the possible prognostic effect of CD34 expression should be reevaluated in clinical studies using additional or alternative cutoff values to describe CD34 expression.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Antigens, CD34', 'Cluster Analysis', 'Female', 'Flow Cytometry', 'Gene Expression Profiling', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic', 'Hematopoietic Stem Cells', 'Humans', 'Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute', 'Leukocytes, Mononuclear', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis']
| 15,668,952
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['D23.050.301.264.035.134', 'D23.101.100.110.134'], ['E05.318.740.250', 'N05.715.360.750.200', 'N06.850.520.830.250'], ['E01.370.225.500.363.342', 'E01.370.225.500.386.350', 'E05.196.712.516.600.240.350', 'E05.200.500.363.342', 'E05.200.500.386.350', 'E05.242.363.342', 'E05.242.386.350'], ['E05.393.332'], ['G05.308.370.500'], ['A11.148.378', 'A11.872.378', 'A15.378.316.378'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.557.337.539.275'], ['A11.118.637.555', 'A15.145.229.637.555', 'A15.382.490.555'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.393.661.640', 'E05.393.760.640', 'E05.588.570.660', 'E05.601.640']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Spinal anesthesia with hypobaric bupivacaine for knee arthroscopies: effect of posture on motor block.
|
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The clinical impact of patient positioning on motor block during unilateral spinal anesthesia was the focus of our study. It was assumed that a 45 degrees rotation toward the prone position would minimize blocking the ventral motor roots compared with using the conventional lateral decubitus position.METHODS: Spinal anesthesia with 3.4 mL of hypobaric 0.18% bupivacaine via a 27-gauge Whitacre needle was administered to 70 patients undergoing knee arthroscopy. The patients were kept either in a lateral decubitus position (group I) or rotated approximately 45 degrees toward the prone position (group II). No prophylactic vasopressors or infusions were used. The intensity of motor block (modified Bromage scale) was assessed for both the operative and the contralateral side.RESULTS: The patients in group I had a slightly more pronounced motor block, but statistical significance could be shown only 20 minutes following the block. There was no statistical difference between the groups in the need of additional analgesics during the operation. None of the patients needed general anesthesia. The hemodynamics were stable and none of the patients developed postspinal headache or backache.CONCLUSIONS: The position of the patient affects the spread of the spinal anesthesia when clearly hypobaric agents are used. However, this small modification in positioning of the patient did not lead to a clinically meaningful difference in the spread of the motor block.
|
['Anesthesia, Spinal', 'Anesthetics, Local', 'Arthroscopy', 'Bupivacaine', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Knee Joint', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Motor Neurons', 'Nerve Block', 'Posture', 'Spinal Nerve Roots']
| 11,172,508
|
[['E03.155.086.331'], ['D27.505.696.277.100.200', 'D27.505.696.663.850.025', 'D27.505.954.427.210.100.200'], ['E01.370.388.250.070', 'E04.502.250.070', 'E04.555.113'], ['D02.065.199.239', 'D02.092.146.113.239'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A02.835.583.475'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['A08.675.655.500', 'A11.671.655.500'], ['E03.155.086.711', 'E04.525.210.550'], ['G11.427.695'], ['A08.800.800.720.725']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
An interpretation of the neonatal period definition obtained with echocardiographic examination by using change point regression analysis.
|
BACKGROUND: We had reported on the left ventricular end-diastolic dimension (LVDd) in normal children from the premature/neonatal period to the adolescence period by using two-dimensional echocardiography, and formulated equations to evaluate normal LVDd values by using body height as an index. There was an inflection point at around birth that seemed relevant to the fetal and neonatal periods for the relation of LVDd and body height.METHODS: We aimed to reveal the true inflection point and its meaning by using change point regression analysis. The study group consisted of 421 neonates and infants. The ages at examination ranged from 24 weeks' gestation to 1 year after birth. The subjects' body heights at examination were between 31 and 75 cm.RESULTS: The analysis showed no definite inflection point in height, and a flat bottom was observed between body heights of 48 and 55 cm. The inflection range seemed to mean the duration of the neonatal period, which connects the fetal and infantile periods.CONCLUSION: The results revealed that neonates reach the infantile period slower than usually imagined, and the end of the neonatal period may be at the age when the body height is around 55 cm- in other words, at 2 months after birth. This manuscript might be the first one to consider the definition of the neonatal period using cardiovascular methods.
|
['Cardiac Volume', 'Child Development', 'Echocardiography', 'Female', 'Gestational Age', 'Heart Ventricles', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Male', 'Reference Values', 'Regression Analysis', 'Ventricular Function, Left']
| 30,149,477
|
[['G09.330.380.249'], ['F01.525.200', 'G07.345.374.750'], ['E01.370.350.130.750', 'E01.370.350.850.220', 'E01.370.370.380.220'], ['G07.345.500.325.235.968', 'G08.686.320'], ['A07.541.560'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['E05.978.810'], ['E05.318.740.750', 'N05.715.360.750.695', 'N06.850.520.830.750'], ['G09.330.955.800']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Cognitive function after two doses of cranial irradiation for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia.
|
The cognitive function of 23 children given cranial irradiation in a dose of 24 Gy was compared with that of 41 given 18 Gy. No significant differences were found in intellectual function or in mean number of intelligence quotient points lost between patients in the two treatment groups. A reduction in the dose of cranial irradiation does not seem to alleviate long term neuropsychological deficits.
|
['Child, Preschool', 'Cranial Irradiation', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Intelligence', 'Male', 'Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma', 'Radiotherapy Dosage']
| 1,953,013
|
[['M01.060.406.448'], ['E02.815.190'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.752.543'], ['C04.557.337.428.600', 'C15.604.515.560.600', 'C20.683.515.528.600'], ['E02.815.639']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
[Mesial-temporal lesions in patients with neurosyphilis].
|
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Evaluate and describe clinical and imaging findings in two patients with mesial-temporal changes in a context of Neurosyphilis.METHODS: The clinical files of two patients with mesial-temporal lesions in the context of Neurosyphilis were reviewed, gathering information about sex, age, clinical presentation, laboratory and EEG changes, treatment and clinical outcome. An emphasis was placed in the initial and follow-up MR studies.RESULTS: Two male caucasian patients, aged 43 and 45, with a normal immunological status, with no prior known history of syphilis. Both presented a history of behavioral changes, disorientation and mnesic changes. Laboratorial results were compatible with neurosyphilis(TPHA and VDRL were detected in blood and LCR) and the HSV serology was negative. MR studies revealed changes of signal indicating lesions in the temporal white matter, amygdala, hippocampus, gyri parahipocampi and insulas.CONCLUSIONS: Neurosyphilis is a challenging diagnosis due to the variability of clinical and imaging findings. Precocious therapy significantly improves prognosis and outcome, stressing the need for an early diagnosis. In imaging studies Neurosyphilis should be considered as a differential diagnosis when mesial-temporal lesions are detected, prompting adequate laboratorial investigation.
|
['Adult', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neurosyphilis', 'Temporal Lobe']
| 23,177,588
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C01.150.252.223.600', 'C01.150.252.400.794.840.500.750', 'C01.150.252.400.840.500.750', 'C01.207.180.600', 'C10.228.228.180.600'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.863']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Isolation and crystal structure of marcanine A from Polyalthia plagioneura.
|
Marcanine A was isolated from the stems of Polyalthia plagioneura as light yellow crystals. The molecular and crystal structures have been determined by 1D,2D-NMR and X-ray diffraction analysis. It crystallizes in the triclinic system, space group P-1 with a = 5.2140(5)?, b = 10.1871(11)?, c = 11.0709(13)?, á = 110.452(2)?, â = 103.376(2)°, ã = 90.1870(10)°, V = 533.74(10)A3, Z = 2. There are three intermolecular hydrogen bonds in a unit cell. It displays some inhibitory activities towards four kinds of human tumor cells, including BEL-7402, K562, SPCA-1 and SGC-7409.
|
['Anthraquinones', 'Antineoplastic Agents', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Crystallization', 'Crystallography, X-Ray', 'Humans', 'Hydrogen Bonding', 'Molecular Structure', 'Plant Stems', 'Polyalthia']
| 20,877,226
|
[['D02.455.426.559.847.117.159', 'D02.806.100', 'D04.615.117.159'], ['D27.505.954.248'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['E05.196.300', 'G02.171'], ['E05.196.309.742.225'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G02.282'], ['G02.111.570', 'G02.466'], ['A18.024.937'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.065.937']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Operational and financial performance of newly established hospices.
|
The objective of the study was to examine the financial and operating performance of newly established, free- standing hospices relative to existing, freestanding hospices. A nonparametric median test was used to compare the median values of operating and financial performance measures between newly established hospices and existing hospices. Operating and financial data were measured for the 2 groups using cost report data from the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. The authors sampled 44 new, freestanding hospices and selected 312 freestanding existing hospices and analyzed their data over 2 years from 2002 to 2003. The study found that 91% of these new hospices were owned by for-profit organizations and were located in the southern region of the United States. New hospices served fewer patients; however, they had a longer length of stay compared to existing hospices. They offered fewer imaging services and radiation therapy services. New hospices generated significantly higher revenue but incurred significantly higher expenses. The results suggest that longer lengths of stay allow these newer hospices to increase revenue and improve overall profitability.
|
['Costs and Cost Analysis', 'Efficiency, Organizational', 'Financial Management', 'Hospice Care', 'Hospices', 'Humans', 'Length of Stay', 'Organizational Case Studies', 'Organizational Innovation', 'Organizations, Nonprofit', 'Reimbursement Mechanisms', 'United States']
| 17,060,288
|
[['N03.219.151'], ['N04.452.209.500'], ['N03.219.463'], ['E02.760.905.400', 'N02.421.585.905.400'], ['N02.278.421.556.185', 'N02.421.143.550'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.760.400.480', 'N02.421.585.400.480'], ['N03.349.380.710', 'N05.715.360.455'], ['N04.452.610'], ['N03.540.630'], ['N03.219.521.710.305'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Exploring pathogenesis in subjects with subjective Tinnitus having kidney deficiency pattern in terms of Traditional Chinese Medicine based on serum metabolic profiles.
|
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the metabolic pathogenesis in subjects with subjective tinnitus (ST) having kidney deficiency pattern (KDP) (ST/KDP) in terms of Traditional Chinese Medicine.METHODS: Three groups of subjects, including healthy individuals, subjects with ST/KDP, and subjects who were healthy initially and then developed ST/KDP one year later (healthy ?? ST/KDP), were recruited for this study. Serum metabolic profiles of all subjects were analyzed using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadruple-time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The metabolic characteristics of the ST/KDP subjects were determined, and the corresponding biomarkers were predicted. The metabolomics data from the healthy ?? ST/KDP subjects were collected for further verification.RESULTS: Twelve metabolites in the ST/KDP subjects were different from those of the healthy control subjects. Of these metabolites, according to the prediction, except for octanoic acid, other metabolites might characterize ST/KDP. Ten metabolites at the outcome ST/KDP stage were different from those at the initial (control) stage. Through the comparison of these metabolites with the predicted metabolites, five common metabolites, including upregulated glutamate, serotonin, orotic acid and 8-oxoguanine, as well as downregulated taurine, were found. These common metabolites were significantly associated with canonical pathways including calcium signaling, ¦?-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor signaling, purine and pyrimidine biosynthesis, taurine biosynthesis, and serotonin receptor signaling.CONCLUSION: The metabolic pathogenesis in ST/KDP subjects was characterized by upregulated glutamate, serotonin, orotic acid and 8-oxoguanine, as well as downregulated taurine, additionally, perturbations of calcium signaling, GABA receptor signaling, purine and pyrimidine biosynthesis, taurine biosynthesis, and serotonin receptor signaling.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Biomarkers', 'Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'Female', 'Glutamic Acid', 'Guanine', 'Humans', 'Kidney', 'Male', 'Mass Spectrometry', 'Metabolome', 'Metabolomics', 'Middle Aged', 'Orotic Acid', 'Serotonin', 'Serum', 'Taurine', 'Tinnitus', 'Young Adult']
| 32,185,996
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D23.101'], ['E05.196.181.400.300'], ['D12.125.067.625.349', 'D12.125.119.409.349', 'D12.125.427.300'], ['D03.633.100.759.758.399.454'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A05.810.453'], ['E05.196.566'], ['G03.500'], ['H01.158.201.586', 'H01.158.273.180.599', 'H01.181.122.638'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D03.066.627', 'D03.383.742.698.875.660'], ['D02.092.211.215.801.852', 'D03.633.100.473.914.814', 'D23.469.050.650'], ['A12.207.152.846', 'A15.145.846'], ['D02.455.326.146.100.850', 'D02.886.645.600.055.850'], ['C09.218.458.670', 'C10.597.751.418.670', 'C23.888.592.763.393.670'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Respiratory hazard of Li-ion battery components: elective toxicity of lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO2
|
Rechargeable Li-ion batteries (LIB) are increasingly produced and used worldwide. LIB electrodes are made of micrometric and low solubility particles, consisting of toxicologically relevant elements. The health hazard of these materials is not known. Here, we investigated the respiratory hazard of three leading LIB components (LiFePO4 or LFP, Li4Ti5O12 or LTO, and LiCoO2 or LCO) and their mechanisms of action. Particles were characterized physico-chemically and elemental bioaccessibility was documented. Lung inflammation and fibrotic responses, as well as particle persistence and ion bioavailability, were assessed in mice after aspiration of LIB particles (0.5 or 2 mg); crystalline silica (2 mg) was used as reference. Acute inflammatory lung responses were recorded with the 3 LIB particles and silica, LCO being the most potent. Inflammation persisted 2 m after LFP, LCO and silica, in association with fibrosis in LCO and silica lungs. LIB particles persisted in the lungs after 2 m. Endogenous iron co-localized with cobalt in LCO lungs, indicating the formation of ferruginous bodies. Fe and Co ions were detected in the broncho-alveolar lavage fluids of LFP and LCO lungs, respectively. Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) -1á, a marker of fibrosis and of the biological activity of Co ions, was upregulated in LCO and silica lungs. This study identified, for the first time, the respiratory hazard of LIB particles. LCO was at least as potent as crystalline silica to induce lung inflammation and fibrosis. Iron and cobalt, but not lithium, ions appear to contribute to LFP and LCO toxicity, respectively.
|
['Administration, Inhalation', 'Air Pollutants', 'Animals', 'Biological Availability', 'Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid', 'Cobalt', 'Electric Power Supplies', 'Female', 'Fibrosis', 'Iron', 'Lithium', 'Lung', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Microscopy, Electron, Scanning', 'Oxides', 'Particle Size', 'Pneumonia', 'Titanium', 'Toxicity Tests']
| 29,550,861
|
[['E02.319.267.050'], ['D27.888.284.101'], ['B01.050'], ['G03.787.151', 'G07.690.725.129'], ['E05.927.100.500'], ['D01.268.556.185', 'D01.268.956.155', 'D01.552.544.185'], ['E07.305.124'], ['C23.550.355'], ['D01.268.556.412', 'D01.268.956.287', 'D01.552.544.412'], ['D01.268.549.450', 'D01.268.557.290', 'D01.552.528.480', 'D01.552.547.290'], ['A04.411'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['E01.370.350.515.402.541', 'E05.595.402.541'], ['D01.248.497.158.685', 'D01.650.550'], ['G02.712'], ['C01.748.610', 'C08.381.677', 'C08.730.610'], ['D01.268.557.800', 'D01.268.956.878', 'D01.552.547.800'], ['E05.940']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Changes in burn mortality in Bangladesh: Findings from Bangladesh Health and Injury Survey (BHIS) 2003 and 2016.
|
PURPOSE: This paper is focused to reflect the changes in burn mortality and events leading to fatal burn injuries.METHODS: Two national community-based cross sectional health and injury surveys were done in Bangladesh during 2003 and 2016. Similar methodology had been followed in both the surveys. Multistage cluster sampling method considering probability-proportional-to-size strategy was used in both the surveys to obtain the desired sample. A pretested semi-structured questionnaire was deployed to identify causes of mortality and morbidity among the population. Verbal autopsy method was used to ascertain the cause of death.RESULTS: An estimated 5000 deaths occurred during 2002 due to burn, whereas, around 9000 deaths were caused by burn in 2015 reflected by the death rates 3.5 and 5.7 per 100,000 population in respective years. This study found an increase in death rates in all age groups from 2002 to 2015. Electrocution caused the highest burn deaths in this country, especially among males and in rural areas. The death toll by this particular mechanism has increased by more than two folds within a decade. The place of occurrence of fatal burn injuries has also shifted from home to the outside of the home especially in the agricultural fields.CONCLUSION: Burn death is an emerging cause of injury deaths in Bangladesh. Further researches are required to explore the epidemiology of electrocution deaths in Bangladesh and design effective interventions.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Age Distribution', 'Agriculture', 'Bangladesh', 'Burns', 'Burns, Electric', 'Cause of Death', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Female', 'Health Surveys', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Population Growth', 'Rural Population', 'Sex Distribution', 'Young Adult']
| 29,887,350
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['I01.240.050', 'N01.224.033', 'N06.850.505.400.050'], ['J01.040'], ['Z01.252.245.131'], ['C26.200'], ['C26.200.239', 'C26.324.323'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.250', 'N01.224.935.698.100', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.250', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.250'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['E05.318.308.980.438', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['I01.240.600.660', 'N01.224.625.660', 'N06.850.505.400.700.660'], ['N01.600.725'], ['I01.240.800', 'N01.224.803', 'N06.850.505.400.850'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Working Behind Wyoming's Carbon Curtain.
|
Dan Neal, formerly the Executive Director of the Equality State Policy Center in Casper, Wyoming, was presented the Lorin Kerr Award by the Occupational Health and Safety Section of the American Public Health Association at its annual meeting in November 2014. The Kerr Award recognizes individuals who have stepped up to provide new leadership in occupational health and safety activism with sustained and outstanding efforts and dedication to improving the lives of workers. (Lorin Kerr [1909-1991] was a life-long activist and served for over forty years as a physician for the United Mine Workers. He was dedicated to improving access to health care for coal miners and other workers and to obtaining compensation for and preventing black lung disease.) Neal's acceptance speech introduces us to the health and safety concerns in Wyoming's expanding energy sector and explains how a coalition for occupational safety and health is organizing to address these concerns.
|
['Awards and Prizes', 'Coal Mining', 'Humans', 'Occupational Health', 'Politics', 'Wyoming']
| 25,815,745
|
[['K01.150'], ['J01.576.655.875.500.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N01.400.525'], ['I01.738'], ['Z01.107.567.875.560.925']]
|
['Humanities [K]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Limited in vivo production of type I or type III interferon after infection of macaques with vaccine or wild-type strains of measles virus.
|
The innate immune response to viral infections often includes induction of types I and III interferons (IFNs) and production of antiviral proteins. Measles is a severe virus-induced rash disease, but in vitro studies suggest that in the absence of defective interfering RNAs, neither wild-type (WT) nor vaccine strains of measles virus (MeV) induce IFN. To determine whether IFN is produced in vivo, we studied tissues from macaques infected with vaccine or WT strains of MeV using quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction to assess levels of IFN and IFN-stimulated gene (ISG) mRNAs and a flow cytometry-based bioassay to assess levels of biologically active IFN. There was little to no induction of type I IFN, type III IFN, Mx, or ISG56 mRNAs in monkeys infected with vaccine or WT MeV and no IFN detection by bioassay. Therefore, the innate responses to infection with vaccine or WT strains of MeV are not dependent on IFN production.
|
['Animals', 'Cell Line', 'Chlorocebus aethiops', 'Immunity, Innate', 'Interferon Type I', 'Interferons', 'Macaca', 'Measles virus', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Vero Cells']
| 25,517,681
|
[['B01.050'], ['A11.251.210'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.199.120.126.110'], ['G12.450.564'], ['D12.644.276.374.440.890', 'D12.776.467.374.440.890', 'D23.529.374.440.890'], ['D12.644.276.374.440', 'D12.776.467.374.440', 'D23.529.374.440'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.199.120.510'], ['B04.820.480.937.600.650.500.500'], ['E05.393.620.500'], ['A11.251.210.955', 'A11.436.955']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Analysis of patient data from laboratories during the Ebola virus disease outbreak in Liberia, April 2014 to March 2015.
|
An outbreak of Ebola virus disease (EVD) in Liberia began in March 2014 and ended in January 2016. Epidemiological information on the EVD cases was collected and managed nationally; however, collection and management of the data were challenging at the time because surveillance and reporting systems malfunctioned during the outbreak. EVD diagnostic laboratories, however, were able to register basic demographic and clinical information of patients more systematically. Here we present data on 16,370 laboratory samples that were tested between April 4, 2014 and March 29, 2015. A total of 10,536 traceable individuals were identified, of whom 3,897 were confirmed cases (positive for Ebola virus RNA). There were significant differences in sex, age, and place of residence between confirmed and suspected cases that tested negative for Ebola virus RNA. Age (young children and the elderly) and place of residence (rural areas) were the risk factors for death due to the disease. The case fatality rate of confirmed cases decreased from 80% to 63% during the study period. These findings may help support future investigations and lead to a fuller understanding of the outbreak in Liberia.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Age Distribution', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Demography', 'Disease Outbreaks', 'Ebolavirus', 'Female', 'Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola', 'History, 21st Century', 'Humans', 'Laboratories', 'Liberia', 'Logistic Models', 'Male', 'Mass Screening', 'Middle Aged', 'Risk Factors', 'Sex Distribution', 'Young Adult']
| 28,732,038
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['I01.240.050', 'N01.224.033', 'N06.850.505.400.050'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['I01.240', 'N01.224', 'N06.850.505.400'], ['N06.850.290'], ['B04.820.480.937.300.200'], ['C01.925.782.417.415', 'C01.925.782.580.250.400'], ['K01.400.504.984'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['J03.520', 'N02.278.487'], ['Z01.058.290.190.425'], ['E05.318.740.500.525', 'E05.318.740.600.800.450', 'E05.318.740.750.450', 'E05.599.835.875', 'N05.715.360.750.530.480', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.450', 'N05.715.360.750.695.470', 'N06.850.520.830.500.525', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.450', 'N06.850.520.830.750.450'], ['E01.370.500', 'E05.318.308.980.438.580', 'N02.421.726.233.443', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.580', 'N06.850.780.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['I01.240.800', 'N01.224.803', 'N06.850.505.400.850'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Sepsis programme successes are responsible for the increased detection of bacteraemia.
|
BACKGROUND: Escherichia coli bacteraemia reduction targets are challenging but, in West Wales, this was the key infection surrogate measure set by the local health board in 2013, prior to the introduction of a Welsh Government target. The initial plateau of cases was not maintained and prompted this review.AIM: To review all blood cultures submitted between 2002 and 2016, both positive and negative.METHODS: With access to a microbiology data warehouse in Wales, all blood culture results were collected, extracted to Excel tables and analysed using change point analysis.FINDINGS: Just under 200,000 blood culture results were examined. This study found an increase in blood culture submissions, but the positivity rate remained constant throughout the period and the increased number of E. coli reflected the increased number of blood cultures taken. This demonstrated the success of sepsis awareness and the use of sepsis bundles for rapid diagnosis and management.CONCLUSION: Success in one area (sepsis management) conflicts with 'failure' in reducing E. coli bacteraemia. It is argued that targets need to be considered carefully in the light of all available information, which have currently set the National Health Service up to fail.
|
['Bacteremia', 'Disease Management', 'Epidemiological Monitoring', 'Escherichia coli', 'Escherichia coli Infections', 'Humans', 'Wales']
| 29,654,811
|
[['C01.150.252.100', 'C01.757.100', 'C23.550.470.790.500.100'], ['N04.590.607'], ['E05.318.375', 'N06.850.520.460'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['C01.150.252.400.310.330'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.542.363.914']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
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