Title
stringlengths 1
395
⌀ | abstractText
stringlengths 57
5.98k
| meshMajor
stringlengths 14
1.03k
| pmid
int64 22
33.2M
| meshid
stringlengths 2
3.14k
| meshroot
stringlengths 2
421
| A
int64 0
1
| B
int64 0
1
| C
int64 0
1
| D
int64 0
1
| E
int64 0
1
| F
int64 0
1
| G
int64 0
1
| H
int64 0
1
| I
int64 0
1
| J
int64 0
1
| L
int64 0
1
| M
int64 0
1
| N
int64 0
1
| Z
int64 0
1
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Contamination of settling ponds and rivers as a result of discharge of radium-bearing waters from Polish coal mines.
|
Saline waters from underground coal mines in Poland often contain natural radioactive isotopes, mainly 226Ra from the uranium decay series and 228Ra from the thorium series. Approximately 40% of the total amount of radium remains underground as radioactive deposits, but 225 MBq of 226Ra and 400 MBq of 228Ra are released daily into the rivers along with the other mine effluents from all Polish coal mines. Technical measures such as inducing the precipitation of radium in gobs, decreasing the amount of meteoric inflow water into underground workings, etc. have been undertaken in several coal mines, and as a result of these measures, the total amount of radium released to the surface waters has diminished by about 60% during the last 5-6 years. Mine water can have a severe impact on the natural environment, mainly due to its salinity. However, associated high levels of radium concentration in river waters, bottom sediments and vegetation have also been observed. Sometimes radium concentrations in rivers exceed 0.7 kBq/m3, which is the permitted level for waste waters under Polish law. The extensive investigations described here were carried out for all coal mines and on this basis the total radium balance in the effluents has been calculated. Measurements in the vicinity of mine settling ponds and in rivers have given us an opportunity to study radium behaviour in river waters and to assess the degree of contamination. Solid waste materials with enhanced natural radioactivity have been produced in huge amounts in the power and coal industries in Poland. As a result of the combustion of coal in power plants, low-radioactive waste materials are produced, with 226Ra concentration seldom exceeding a few hundreds of Bq/kg. A different situation is observed in coal mines, where, as a result of precipitation of radium from radium-bearing waters, highly radioactive deposits are formed. Sometimes the radioactivity of such materials is extremely high; precipitates from coal mines may have radium concentrations of 400,000 Bq/kg--equivalent to 3% uranium ore. Usually, such deposition takes place underground, but sometimes co-precipitation of radium with barium takes place on the surface, in settling ponds and in rivers. Therefore management of solid waste with technologically enhanced natural radioactivity (TENR) is a very important subject.
|
['Geologic Sediments', 'Mining', 'Poland', 'Radium', 'Water Pollutants, Radioactive']
| 11,379,077
|
[['G01.311.330', 'G16.500.320'], ['J01.576.655.875.500'], ['Z01.542.248.679'], ['D01.268.271.770', 'D01.268.552.775', 'D01.268.556.775', 'D01.496.749.305.770', 'D01.552.539.745', 'D01.552.544.775'], ['D20.693.903', 'D27.888.284.903.821']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
|
Sex, drugs and sexually transmitted infections in British university students.
|
Understanding predisposing factors for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in young adults may identify targets for public health interventions. We conducted a cross-sectional web-based survey of university students' sexual attitudes, behaviours and lifestyles and self-reported rates of STI. A total of 827 students responded, 22.4% had two or more sexual partners in the previous year with inconsistent condom use and the lifetime prevalence of STIs was 9.6%. Factors associated with a diagnosis of STI were increasing age and number of sexual partners ever, female gender (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 2.70, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.31, 5.56) and use of crack (AOR 10.45, 95% CI 1.46, 75.16). For female students, these were increasing age and number of partners ever, whereas for male students having sex with other men (bisexual AOR 4.8, 95% CI 1.02, 22.595, homosexual AOR 17.66, 95% CI 3.03, 103.04) and use of crack (AOR 32.24, 95% CI 3.33, 312.08). Multiple partners and recreational drug use may predict incidence of STI. Prevention strategies need to aim at reducing risk behaviour across various activities.
|
['Adult', 'Condoms', 'Crack Cocaine', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'European Continental Ancestry Group', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Risk-Taking', 'Sex', 'Sexual Behavior', 'Sexual Partners', 'Sexually Transmitted Diseases']
| 18,595,873
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E07.190.270.150'], ['D02.145.074.722.388.250', 'D03.132.889.354.250', 'D03.605.084.500.722.388.250', 'D03.605.869.388.250', 'D26.878.250'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['M01.686.508.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.145.722'], ['G08.686.810'], ['F01.145.802'], ['M01.778'], ['C01.221.812', 'C01.778', 'C12.294.668', 'C13.351.500.711', 'C23.550.291.531.937']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
A Histologic Study of the Circadian System in Parkinson Disease, Multiple System Atrophy, and Progressive Supranuclear Palsy.
|
Importance: Circadian dysfunction may be associated with the symptoms and neurodegeneration in Parkinson disease (PD), multiple system atrophy (MSA), and progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), although the underlying neuroanatomical site of disruption and pathophysiological mechanisms are not fully understood.Objective: To perform a neuropathological analysis of disease-specific inclusions in the key structures of the circadian system in patients with PD, MSA, and PSP.Design, Setting, and Participants: This investigation was a brain bank case-control study assessing neuropathological inclusions in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus and pineal gland in healthy controls, PD (Lewy pathology), MSA (glial cytoplasmic inclusions), and PSP (tau inclusions). The study analyzed 12 healthy control, 28 PD, 11 MSA, and 21 PSP samples from consecutive brain donations (July 1, 2010, to June 30, 2016) to the Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders and the Parkinson's UK Brain Bank, London, United Kingdom. Cases were excluded if neither SCN nor pineal tissue was available.Main Outcomes and Measures: Disease-specific neuropathological changes were graded using a standard semiquantitative scoring system (absent, mild, moderate, severe, or very severe) and compared between groups.Results: Because of limited tissue availability, the following total samples were examined in a semiquantitative histologic analysis: 5 SCNs and 7 pineal glands in the control group (6 male; median age at death, 83.8 years; interquartile range [IQR], 78.2-88.0 years), 13 SCNs and 17 pineal glands in the PD group (22 male; median age at death, 78.8 years; IQR, 75.5-83.8 years), 5 SCNs and 6 pineal glands in the MSA group (7 male; median age at death, 69.5 years; IQR, 61.6-77.7 years), and 5 SCNs and 19 pineal glands in the PSP group (13 male; median age at death, 74.3 years; IQR, 69.7-81.1 years). No neuropathological changes were found in either the SCN or pineal gland in healthy controls or MSA cases. Nine PD cases had Lewy pathology in the SCN, and only 2 PD cases had Lewy pathology in the pineal gland. All PSP cases showed inclusions in the SCN, but no PSP cases had pathology in the pineal gland.Conclusions and Relevance: Disease-related neuropathological changes were found in the SCN but not in the pineal gland in PD and PSP, while both structures were preserved in MSA, reflecting different pathophysiological mechanisms that may have important therapeutic implications.
|
['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Brain', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Circadian Clocks', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Multiple System Atrophy', 'Parkinson Disease', 'Pineal Gland', 'Suprachiasmatic Nucleus', 'Supranuclear Palsy, Progressive', 'United Kingdom']
| 29,710,120
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['A08.186.211'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['G07.180.562.094.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C10.177.575.550', 'C10.228.140.079.612', 'C10.228.662.550', 'C10.574.928.625'], ['C10.228.140.079.862.500', 'C10.228.662.600.400', 'C10.574.928.750'], ['A06.300.635', 'A06.688.733', 'A08.186.211.180.200.680', 'A08.186.211.200.317.200.620', 'A08.713.733'], ['A08.186.211.180.497.342.625', 'A08.186.211.200.317.357.342.625'], ['C10.228.140.079.882', 'C10.228.662.700', 'C10.292.562.750.500', 'C10.574.945.500', 'C10.597.622.447.690', 'C11.590.472.500', 'C23.888.592.636.447.690'], ['Z01.542.363']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
emb nucleotide polymorphisms and the role of embB306 mutations in Mycobacterium tuberculosis resistance to ethambutol.
|
The emb locus has been considered a target for ethambutol (EMB). Substitutions of codon 306 in Mycobacterium tuberculosis embB have been shown to be the most frequent and predictive mutations for EMB resistance; however, recent reports question the biological role of this mutation. We sequenced embB, embC and embR of 44 EMB-resistant M. tuberculosis strains and found that 30/44 (68.1%) strains had a resistance-associated mutation in one of the three genes sequenced. The majority of these mutations resulted in amino acid replacements at codon 306, 368, 378, and 406 of EmbB. The most common mutation reported in EmbC was at codon 270, followed by mutation at codon 297. Novel mutations were also reported in EmbR. Mutations in embC and embR were usually present together with mutations in embB. We found 41/44 EMB-resistant isolates to be resistant to other antituberculosis drugs as well. Our data confirm that mutation at emb306 does not confer resistance to EMB but is a rather common polymorphism in clinical strains of M. tuberculosis predisposing them to the development of any type of drug resistance.
|
['Adult', 'Amino Acid Substitution', 'Antitubercular Agents', 'DNA, Bacterial', 'Drug Resistance, Bacterial', 'Ethambutol', 'Humans', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Mutation, Missense', 'Mycobacterium tuberculosis', 'Pentosyltransferases', 'Polymorphism, Genetic', 'Sequence Analysis, DNA', 'Transcription Factors', 'Young Adult']
| 19,010,731
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E05.393.420.601.035', 'G05.558.109'], ['D27.505.954.122.085.255'], ['D13.444.308.212'], ['G06.099.225', 'G06.225.347', 'G07.690.773.984.269.347'], ['D02.092.782.258.368.265'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G05.365.590.650'], ['B03.510.024.962.500.702', 'B03.510.460.400.410.552.552.702'], ['D08.811.913.400.725'], ['G05.365.795'], ['E05.393.760.700'], ['D12.776.930'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Collective intermolecular motions dominate the picosecond dynamics of short polymer chains.
|
Neutron scattering and extensive molecular dynamics simulations of an all atom C(100)H(202) system were performed to address the short-time dynamics leading to center-of-mass self-diffusion. The simulated dynamics are in excellent agreement with resolution resolved time-of-flight quasielastic neutron scattering. The anomalous subdiffusive center-of-mass motion could be modeled by explicitly accounting for viscoelastic hydrodynamic interactions. A model-free analysis of the local reorientations of the molecular backbone revealed three relaxation processes: While two relaxations characterize local bond rotation and global molecular reorientation, the third component on intermediate times could be attributed to transient flowlike motions of atoms on different molecules. The existence of these collective motions, which are clearly visualized in this Letter, strongly contribute to the chain relaxations in molecular liquids.
|
['Computer Simulation', 'Elasticity', 'Hydrodynamics', 'Models, Chemical', 'Molecular Dynamics Simulation', 'Neutron Diffraction', 'Polyethylene', 'Viscosity']
| 24,206,485
|
[['L01.224.160'], ['G01.374.590'], ['G01.342'], ['E05.599.495'], ['E05.599.595.500', 'G02.111.570.895', 'L01.224.160.500'], ['E05.196.309.555', 'E05.196.822.650', 'G01.867.650', 'G02.551'], ['D02.455.326.271.665.550.500', 'D05.750.716.507.500', 'D25.720.716.507.500', 'J01.637.051.720.716.507.500'], ['G02.930']]
|
['Information Science [L]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
How do adolescents with bulimia nervosa rate the acceptability and therapeutic relationship in family-based treatment?
|
OBJECTIVE: To describe therapeutic alliance and treatment acceptability ratings of adolescents with bulimia nervosa (BN) participating in family-based treatment (FBT-BN) and to explore how participant characteristics relate to these constructs.METHOD: Adolescents with BN (n = 80) in a randomized controlled trial comparing FBT-BN and individual supportive psychotherapy (SPT), completed the Eating Disorder Examination, Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale, and Beck Depression Inventory prior to treatment. The Helping Relationship Questionnaire, patient expectancy for treatment, treatment suitability, and self-reported estimates of improvement ratings were obtained at multiple points throughout treatment.RESULTS: Therapeutic alliance and treatment acceptability ratings were positive in both treatments and generally did not differ. Within FBT-BN, more severe eating disorder symptomatology pretreatment was related to lower alliance ratings mid-treatment (p < .05). However, reductions in binge and purge behaviors over the course of treatment were not related to alliance or acceptability for participants in FBT-BN (all p's > .10).CONCLUSION: Contrary to expectations of FBT-BN, adolescents receiving both treatments develop a strong alliance with the therapist.
|
['Adolescent', 'Bulimia Nervosa', 'Culture', 'Family Therapy', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Patient Acceptance of Health Care', 'Patient Satisfaction', 'Person-Centered Psychotherapy', 'Personality Inventory', 'Professional-Patient Relations', 'Social Support', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 18,306,343
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['F03.400.250'], ['I01.076.201.450', 'I01.880.853.100'], ['F04.754.864.581.273'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.100.150.750.500', 'F01.145.488.887.500', 'N05.300.150.800.500'], ['F01.100.150.750.625', 'F01.145.488.887.625', 'N04.452.822.700', 'N05.300.150.800.625', 'N05.715.360.600'], ['F04.754.592'], ['F04.711.647.513'], ['F01.829.401.650', 'N05.300.660'], ['I01.880.853.500.600'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Novel, cyclic heat dissipation method for the correction of natural temperature gradients in sap flow measurements. Part 2. Laboratory validation.
|
Sap flow measurements conducted with thermal dissipation probes (TDPs) are vulnerable to natural temperature gradient (NTG) bias. Few studies, however, attempted to explain the dynamics underlying the NTG formation and its influence on the sensors' signal. This study focused on understanding how the TDP signals are affected by negative and positive temperature influences from NTG and tested the novel cyclic heat dissipation (CHD) method to filter out the NTG bias. A series of three experiments were performed in which gravity-driven water flow was enforced on freshly cut stem segments of Fagus sylvatica L., while an artificial temperature gradient (ATG) was induced. The first experiment sought to confirm the incidence of the ATG on sensors. The second experiment established the mis-estimations caused by the biasing effect of the ATG on standard TDP measurements. The third experiment tested the accuracy of the CHD method to account for the ATG biasing effect, as compared with other cyclic correction methods. During experiments, sap flow measured by TDP was assessed against gravimetric measurements. The results show that negative and positive ATGs were comparable in pattern but substantially larger than field NTGs. Second, the ATG bias caused an overestimation of the standard TDP sap flux density of ?17 cm(3) cm(-2) h(-1) by 76%, and the sap flux density of ?2 cm(3) cm(-2) h(-1) by over 800%. Finally, the proposed CHD method successfully reduced the max. ATG bias to 25% at ?11 cm(3) cm(-2) h(-1) and to 40% at ?1 cm(3) cm(-2) h(-1). We concluded that: (i) the TDP method is susceptible to NTG especially at low flows; (ii) the CHD method successfully corrected the TDP signal and resulted in generally more accurate sap flux density estimates (mean absolute percentage error ranging between 11 and 21%) than standard constant power TDP method and other cyclic power methods; and (iii) the ATG enforcing system is a suitable way of re-creating NTG for future tests.
|
['Europe', 'Fagus', 'Hot Temperature', 'Laboratories', 'Plant Exudates', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Rheology', 'Spectrophotometry, Infrared', 'Water']
| 22,659,459
|
[['Z01.542'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.859.750.300.249'], ['G01.906.595.543', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710.380', 'G16.500.750.775.710.380', 'N06.230.300.100.725.232', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710.380'], ['J03.520', 'N02.278.487'], ['D20.215.721'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['E05.830', 'H01.671.808'], ['E05.196.712.726.676', 'E05.196.867.826.676'], ['D01.045.250.875', 'D01.248.497.158.459.650', 'D01.650.550.925']]
|
['Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Serological monitoring of a Toxoplasma infection after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
|
We report a primary response to Toxoplasma gondii following a hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in a patient with multiple myeloma. The primary response to T. gondii was supported by IgM, IgG and IgA seroconversion. The patient was promptly treated and there were no complications related to toxoplasmosis in the subsequent months.
|
['Antibodies, Protozoan', 'Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay', 'Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation', 'Humans', 'Immunoglobulin Isotypes', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Multiple Myeloma', 'Toxoplasma', 'Toxoplasmosis']
| 21,748,233
|
[['D12.776.124.486.485.114.252', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.252', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.252'], ['E05.478.566.350.170', 'E05.478.566.380.360', 'E05.478.583.400.170', 'E05.601.470.350.170', 'E05.601.470.380.360'], ['E02.095.147.500.500.500', 'E04.936.225.687.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.619', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.619', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.619'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04.557.595.500', 'C14.907.454.460', 'C15.378.147.780.650', 'C15.378.463.515.460', 'C20.683.515.845', 'C20.683.780.650'], ['B01.043.075.189.250.750.800'], ['C01.610.752.250.800']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Polymorphism of the Hinf I restriction site located 1 Kb 5' to the human beta-globin gene.
|
Mapping of the DNA from 14 Mediterranean subjects indicates a genetic variation in an Hinf I recognition site located 1 kilobase 5' to the beta-globin gene. This Hinf I site was found associated with eight beta-thalassemic genes and 11 normal beta genes, and hence is not specifically linked to beta-thalassemia.
|
['Base Sequence', 'Chromosome Mapping', 'DNA Restriction Enzymes', 'Genes, Regulator', 'Globins', 'Humans', 'Polymorphism, Genetic', 'Thalassemia']
| 6,298,094
|
[['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['E05.393.183'], ['D08.811.150.280', 'D08.811.277.352.335.350.300', 'D08.811.277.352.355.325.300'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.425'], ['D12.776.422.316'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G05.365.795'], ['C15.378.071.141.150.875', 'C15.378.420.826', 'C16.320.070.875', 'C16.320.365.826']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Not seeing the forest for the trees: size of the minimum spanning trees (MSTs) forest and branch significance in MST-based phylogenetic analysis.
|
Trees, including minimum spanning trees (MSTs), are commonly used in phylogenetic studies. But, for the research community, it may be unclear that the presented tree is just a hypothesis, chosen from among many possible alternatives. In this scenario, it is important to quantify our confidence in both the trees and the branches/edges included in such trees. In this paper, we address this problem for MSTs by introducing a new edge betweenness metric for undirected and weighted graphs. This spanning edge betweenness metric is defined as the fraction of equivalent MSTs where a given edge is present. The metric provides a per edge statistic that is similar to that of the bootstrap approach frequently used in phylogenetics to support the grouping of taxa. We provide methods for the exact computation of this metric based on the well known Kirchhoff's matrix tree theorem. Moreover, we implement and make available a module for the PHYLOViZ software and evaluate the proposed metric concerning both effectiveness and computational performance. Analysis of trees generated using multilocus sequence typing data (MLST) and the goeBURST algorithm revealed that the space of possible MSTs in real data sets is extremely large. Selection of the edge to be represented using bootstrap could lead to unreliable results since alternative edges are present in the same fraction of equivalent MSTs. The choice of the MST to be presented, results from criteria implemented in the algorithm that must be based in biologically plausible models.
|
['Algorithms', 'Bacteria', 'Computer Graphics', 'Phylogeny']
| 25,799,056
|
[['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['B03'], ['L01.224.108', 'L01.296.110'], ['G05.697', 'G16.075.605', 'L01.100.697']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Prosodic differences between declaratives and interrogatives in infant-directed speech.
|
In many languages, declaratives and interrogatives differ in word order properties, and in syntactic organization more broadly. Thus, in order to learn the distinct syntactic properties of the two sentence types, learners must first be able to distinguish them using non-syntactic information. Prosodic information is often assumed to be a useful basis for this type of discrimination, although no systematic studies of the prosodic cues available to infants have been reported. Analysis of maternal speech in three Standard American English-speaking mother-infant dyads found that polar interrogatives differed from declaratives on the patterning of pitch and duration on the final two syllables, but wh-questions did not. Thus, while prosody is unlikely to aid discrimination of declaratives from wh-questions, infant-directed speech provides prosodic information that infants could use to distinguish declaratives and polar interrogatives. We discuss how learners could leverage this information to identify all question forms, in the context of syntax acquisition.
|
['Adult', 'Cues', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Language', 'Language Development', 'Learning', 'Male', 'Maternal Behavior', 'Mother-Child Relations', 'Speech', 'Speech Perception']
| 27,425,580
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['F02.463.425.234'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['F01.145.209.399', 'L01.559'], ['F01.525.200.310'], ['F02.463.425', 'F02.784.629.529'], ['F01.829.263.370.215'], ['F01.829.263.370.290.170'], ['F01.145.209.908.677', 'G11.561.812', 'L01.559.423.676'], ['F02.463.593.071.875', 'G07.888.125.875']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Salvage repair of anastomotic dehiscence following colon surgery using an expanded polytetrafluoroethylene graft.
|
Anastomotic dehiscence is a serious complication of colorectal surgery that causes death in up to 40% of cases in which it occurs. Edema and inflammation due to abdominal sepsis can prevent the use of standard management (i.e., colostomy, ileostomy or Hartmann's procedure), in which case alternative salvage repair methods are required. The present report describes the treatment of a 73-year-old female patient at high risk of mortality because of intraabdominal sepsis due to suture dehiscence following a right hemicolectomy and ileo-transversostomy. Several surgical repair procedures were tried, but all failed. We then used an expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) graft in salvage repair, and this approach proved successful. This is the first report to describe clinical, macroscopic and histopathological findings, following use of an ePTFE graft in colorectal repair in humans.
|
['Aged', 'Anastomosis, Surgical', 'Anastomotic Leak', 'Colon', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Ileum', 'Polytetrafluoroethylene', 'Prostheses and Implants', 'Reoperation', 'Salvage Therapy']
| 20,694,495
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['E04.035'], ['C23.550.767.071'], ['A03.556.124.526.356', 'A03.556.249.249.356'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A03.556.124.684.249', 'A03.556.249.124'], ['D05.750.395.616', 'D25.720.395.616', 'J01.637.051.720.395.616'], ['E07.695'], ['E04.690'], ['E02.895']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Successful management of isolated ventricular inversion in an adult.
|
We report a case of isolated ventricular inversion in a 42-year-old woman. This rare congenital cardiac anomaly was corrected by an intraatrial baffle procedure. She also underwent left-sided double-chamber endocardial pacemaker implantation for postoperative tachycardia bradycardia syndrome.
|
['Adult', 'Cardiac Surgical Procedures', 'Female', 'Heart Ventricles', 'Humans', 'Pacemaker, Artificial', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Pulmonary Veins', 'Sick Sinus Syndrome']
| 15,156,300
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E04.100.376', 'E04.928.220'], ['A07.541.560'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E07.305.250.750'], ['C23.550.767'], ['A07.015.908.713'], ['C14.280.067.093.249', 'C14.280.067.558.536', 'C14.280.123.500.536', 'C23.550.073.093.249', 'C23.550.073.425.440']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
The design of attendant propelled wheelchairs.
|
The attendant operated wheelchair is propelled by applying forces to handles at the rear of the chair. There are no published data to justify the design of pushing handles on existing wheelchairs. In Dundee, studies of pushing have been conducted in order to obtain subjective preferences for location and design of handles and an understanding of biomechanical factors associated with wheelchair pushing. Preferred positions for handles have been found to be in the region of 0.75 of shoulder height, 1.14 times shoulder width although deviations of +/- 5% in these values are still rated as acceptable. The preferred positions do not correspond to minimum levels of resultant force or with lowest levels of moment in any of the upper body joints. Moments occurring at the lower back are not substantially affected by handle position. The biomechanical analysis so far has not revealed why some handle positions are more comfortable for pushing than others. Further study, involving calculation of resultant moments (rather than just sagittal plane moments) at these joints and at the lower body joints, is a next step in attempting to find the indicators of discomfort. Transferring a patient from or to a wheelchair can be a difficult operation with risks of accidents to the patient through falling and risks to the attendant of strain, particularly to the back. Current footrests on wheelchairs are a major source of the problems during transfer. A new approach to footrest design is described which solves these difficulties by using a footrest that lowers onto the floor. This has other attractive features such as providing good stability and restraint of the chair during transfer.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
|
['Biomechanical Phenomena', 'Equipment Design', 'Humans', 'Physical Exertion', 'Wheelchairs']
| 1,857,639
|
[['G01.154.090', 'G01.374.089'], ['E05.320'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G11.427.683'], ['E07.796.980']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Identification of North Sea molluscs with DNA barcoding.
|
Sequence-based specimen identification, known as DNA barcoding, is a common method complementing traditional morphology-based taxonomic assignments. The fundamental resource in DNA barcoding is the availability of a taxonomically reliable sequence database to use as a reference for sequence comparisons. Here, we provide a reference library including 579 sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I for 113 North Sea mollusc species. We tested the efficacy of this library by simulating a sequence-based specimen identification scenario using Best Match, Best Close Match (BCM) and All Species Barcode (ASB) criteria with three different threshold values. Each identification result was compared with our prior morphology-based taxonomic assignments. Our simulation resulted in 87.7% congruent identifications (93.8% when excluding singletons). The highest number of congruent identifications was obtained with BCM and ASB and a 0.05 threshold. We also compared identifications with genetic clustering (Barcode Index Numbers, BINs) computed by the Barcode of Life Datasystem (BOLD). About 68% of our morphological identifications were congruent with BINs created by BOLD. Forty-nine sequences were clustered in 16 discordant BINs, and these were divided in two classes: sequences from different species clustered in a single BIN and conspecific sequences divided in more BINs. Whereas former incongruences were probably caused by BOLD entries in need of a taxonomic update, the latter incongruences regarded taxa requiring further investigations. These include species with amphi-Atlantic distribution, whose genetic structure should be evaluated over their entire range to produce a reliable sequence-based identification system.
|
['Animals', 'DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic', 'DNA, Mitochondrial', 'Databases, Nucleic Acid', 'Mollusca', 'Phylogeny', 'Sequence Analysis, DNA', 'Species Specificity']
| 26,095,230
|
[['B01.050'], ['E05.393.542.249', 'E05.393.760.700.149'], ['D13.444.308.283.225'], ['L01.313.500.750.300.188.400.300.500', 'L01.313.500.750.300.188.400.325.630', 'L01.470.750.750.300.500', 'L01.470.750.750.325.630'], ['B01.050.500.644'], ['G05.697', 'G16.075.605', 'L01.100.697'], ['E05.393.760.700'], ['G16.824']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Pathology of infection caused by Dermatophilus-like organisms in porcine tonsils.
|
The authors investigated the occurrence of Dermatophilus-like organisms in sulphur granules of porcine tonsils. Light and electron microscopic studies, together with histochemical examination, were carried out to elucidate the mode of growth of the organism in the tonsils, the interaction between the organisms and host cells, and the nature of the radiating clubs around the organisms. Sulphur granules were found in about 15 and 70 per cent of market pigs and breeding pigs, respectively. Of the pigs having tonsillar granules, Dermatophilus-like organisms were observed in about 70 per cent of market pigs, and in nearly all breeding pigs. The organisms invaded tonsillar crypts to produce lesions resembling actinomycotic abscesses up to 5 mm in diameter. Dermatophilus-like organisms were demonstrated in various morphological forms ranging from filamentous to tuber-shaped or coccoid bodies. In the lesion, the bacterial cells adjacent to the host cell reaction showed distinct degenerative changes forming thick amorphous masses on the surface of the bacterial cells. The amorphous masses seemed to be derived from the bacterial cells but showed histochemical components different from those of the bacterial cells. These masses had numerous protrusions forming clubs. Phagocytic neutrophils close to the amorphous masses were presumed to play a role in deposition of the club material. Macrophages also appeared to participate in the inflammation leading to a granulomatous lesion. These findings suggested that the clubs might be formed by an interaction between the organisms and host cell reaction.
|
['Abscess', 'Animals', 'Cytoplasmic Granules', 'Gram-Positive Bacteria', 'Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections', 'Phagocytes', 'Staining and Labeling', 'Sulfur', 'Swine', 'Swine Diseases', 'Tonsillitis']
| 1,722,226
|
[['C01.830.025', 'C23.550.470.756.100'], ['B01.050'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.500', 'A11.284.430.214.190.875.190.190'], ['B03.510'], ['C01.150.252.410'], ['A11.733', 'A15.382.680'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.670', 'E01.370.225.750.600.670', 'E05.200.500.620.670', 'E05.200.750.600.670'], ['D01.268.185.900'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.880'], ['C22.905'], ['C01.748.561.750', 'C07.550.781.750', 'C08.730.561.750', 'C09.775.649.750']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Understanding the Racial and Ethnic Differences in Cost and Mortality Among Advanced Stage Prostate Cancer Patients (STROBE).
|
The aims of the study were to understand the racial/ethnic differences in cost of care and mortality in Medicare elderly with advanced stage prostate cancer.This retrospective, observational study used SEER-Medicare data. Cohort consisted of 10,509 men aged 66 or older and diagnosed with advanced-stage prostate cancer between 2001and 2004. The cohort was followed retrospectively up to 2009. Racial/ethnic variation in cost was analyzed using 2 part-models and quantile regression. Step-wise GLM log-link and Cox regression was used to study the association between race/ethnicity and cost and mortality. Propensity score approach was used to minimize selection bias.Pattern of cost and mortality varies between racial/ethnic groups. Compared with other racial/ethnic groups, non-Hispanic white patients had higher unadjusted costs in treatment and follow-up phases. Quintile regression results indicated that in treatment phase, Hispanics had higher costs in the 95th quantile and non-Hispanic blacks had lower cost in the 95th quantile, compared with non-Hispanic white men. In terminal phase non-Hispanic blacks and Hispanics had higher cost. After controlling for treatment, all-cause and prostate cancer-specific mortality was not significant for non-Hispanic black men, compared with non-Hispanic white men. However, for Asians, mortality remained significantly lower compared with non-Hispanic white men.In conclusion, relationship between race/ethnicity, cost of care, and mortality is intricate. For non-Hispanic black men, disparity in mortality can be attributed to treatment differences. To reduce racial/ethnic disparities in prostate cancer care and outcomes, tailored policies to address underuse, overuse, and misuse of treatment and health services are necessary.
|
['African Americans', 'Age Factors', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Costs and Cost Analysis', 'Ethnic Groups', 'European Continental Ancestry Group', 'Hispanic Americans', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Medicare', 'Neoplasm Staging', 'Propensity Score', 'Proportional Hazards Models', 'Prostatic Neoplasms', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Socioeconomic Factors', 'United States']
| 26,266,389
|
[['M01.686.508.100.100', 'M01.686.754.100'], ['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['N03.219.151'], ['M01.686.754', 'N01.224.317'], ['M01.686.508.400'], ['M01.686.754.441'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N03.219.521.346.506.564.663', 'N03.219.521.576.343.840', 'N03.706.615.696'], ['E01.789.625'], ['E05.318.740.600.675', 'N05.715.360.750.625.620', 'N06.850.520.830.600.650'], ['E05.318.740.500.700', 'E05.318.740.600.700', 'E05.318.740.750.725', 'E05.318.740.998.825', 'E05.599.835.900', 'N05.715.360.750.530.650', 'N05.715.360.750.625.650', 'N05.715.360.750.695.650', 'N05.715.360.750.795.825', 'N06.850.520.830.500.700', 'N06.850.520.830.600.700', 'N06.850.520.830.750.725', 'N06.850.520.830.998.912'], ['C04.588.945.440.770', 'C12.294.260.750', 'C12.294.565.625', 'C12.758.409.750'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['I01.880.853.996', 'N01.824'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Early venous thromboembolic event prophylaxis in traumatic brain injury with low-molecular-weight heparin: risks and benefits.
|
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients are known to be at high risk for venous thromboembolic events (VTEs). The Brain Trauma Foundation Guidelines (2007) state that low-molecular-weight heparin or unfractionated heparin should be used to prevent VTE complications, but suggest that there is an increased risk of expansion of intracranial hemorrhages (ICH) with VTE prophylaxis. In addition, it is unclear which treatment regimen (i.e., medication, dose, and timing) provides the best risk:benefit ratio in TBI patients. We reviewed all moderate-to-severe TBI patients admitted over a 5-year period to: (1) examine the occurrence of VTEs and their timing; (2) examine the symptomatic expansion of ICH while on VTE prophylaxis; and (3) compare the efficacy of two prophylactic agents: enoxaparin and dalteparin. Two-hundred eighty-seven patients were included. VTE prophylaxis was started 48-72 h post-trauma in all individuals who had no confounding coagulopathy, when two consecutive computed tomography (CT) scans revealed hemorrhage stability. VTEs occurred in 7.3% of treated patients, mostly within 2 weeks after trauma. Proximal VTEs occurred in 3.1% of treated patients. No significant difference in VTE rates was seen between enoxaparin (7.0%) and dalteparin (7.5%; p = 0.868). Moreover, the group treated with dalteparin was more severely injured (higher Injury Severity Score [p = 0.002]), had lower Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) scores (p = 0.003), and had more inferior vena cava (IVC) filters placed (p = 0.007). The two groups did not show significant differences in the development of VTE when controlled for ISS and IVC filters (p = 0.819). Importantly, only one patient suffered a symptomatic expansion of ICH while on VTE prophylaxis, at 15 days post-trauma. These results suggest that current regimens of VTE prophylaxis used in our TBI population provide a relatively high level of protection against VTEs, and an extremely low risk of expanding ICH. They also suggest that there was no difference in VTE between dalteparin- and enoxaparin-treated patients.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Anticoagulants', 'Brain Injuries', 'Chi-Square Distribution', 'Dalteparin', 'Databases, Factual', 'Enoxaparin', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Injury Severity Score', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Risk Assessment', 'Risk Factors', 'Venous Thromboembolism']
| 20,939,698
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['D27.505.954.502.119'], ['C10.228.140.199', 'C10.900.300.087', 'C26.915.300.200'], ['E05.318.740.994.300', 'G17.820.300', 'N05.715.360.750.750.200', 'N06.850.520.830.994.300'], ['D09.698.373.400.300.150'], ['L01.313.500.750.300.188.400', 'L01.470.750.750'], ['D09.698.373.400.300.200'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.940.968.875.500', 'E05.944.600', 'N04.452.859.564.800.500', 'N05.715.360.300.715.500.800.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.715', 'N04.452.871.715', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.690', 'N06.850.505.715', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.715'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['C14.907.355.590.700']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Effect of taurine depletion on excitation-contraction coupling and Cl- conductance of rat skeletal muscle.
|
The pharmacological action of taurine on skeletal muscle is to stabilize sarcolemma by increasing macroscopic conductance to Cl- (GCl), whereas a proposed physiological role for the amino acid is to modulate excitation-contraction coupling mechanism via Ca2+ availability. To get insight in the physiological role of taurine in skeletal muscle, the effects of its depletion were evaluated on voltage threshold for mechanical activation and GCl with the two intracellular microelectrode method in 'point' voltage clamp mode and current clamp mode, respectively. The experiments were performed on extensor digitorum longus muscle fibers from rats depleted of taurine by a chronic 4 week treatment with guanidinoethane sulfonate, a known inhibitor of taurine transporter. The treatment significantly modified the mechanical threshold of striated fibers; i.e. at each pulse duration they needed significantly less depolarization to contract and the fitted rheobase voltage was more negative by 10 mV with respect to untreated muscle fibers. In parallel, the treatment with guanidinoethane sulfonate produced a significant 40% lowering of GCl. In vitro application of 60 mM of taurine to such depleted muscles almost completely restored the mechanical threshold and increased GCl even above the value of untreated control. However, in vitro application of 60 mM of either taurine or guanidinoethane sulfonate to untreated control muscles did not cause any change of the mechanical threshold but increased GCl by 40% and 21%, respectively. Furthermore, 100 microM of the S-(-) enantiomer of 2-(p-chlorophenoxy)propionic acid almost fully blocked GCl but did not produce any change in the mechanical threshold of normal muscle fibers. The present results show that the large amount of intracellular taurine plays a role in the excitation-contraction coupling mechanism of striated muscle fibers. This action is independent from any effect involving muscle Cl- channels, but it is likely mediated by the proposed ability of taurine to modulate Ca2+ availability through the interaction with the Ca2+ transporters present on sarcoplasmic reticulum.
|
['Animals', 'Chlorides', 'Male', 'Muscle Contraction', 'Muscle, Skeletal', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Taurine']
| 8,838,459
|
[['B01.050'], ['D01.210.450.150', 'D01.248.497.158.215'], ['G11.427.494'], ['A02.633.567', 'A10.690.552.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900'], ['D02.455.326.146.100.850', 'D02.886.645.600.055.850']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The impact of biodegradable carbon sources on nutrients removal in post-denitrification biofilm reactors.
|
Wastewater from households wastewater treatment plants (HWWTP) is discharged to the ground or to the surface waters. Special consideration should be given to the improvement of HWWTP effectiveness, particularly in relation to nutrients. The addition of biodegradable carbon sources to biofilm reactor, can enhance microbial activity but may also lead to filling clogging. The study aimed to compare 3 different organic substrates: acetic acid (commonly applied)and two untypical - citric acid and waste beer, under the same operational conditions in a post-denitrification biofilm reactor. The study investigated the impact of a type of organic substrate, low pH and time on: (1) biofilm growth, (2) the characteristics of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), (3) the kinetics of nutrients removal and (4) reactor clogging. Results were referred to (5) the effectiveness of nutrients removal. The study demonstrated that low pH assured the development of a thinbiofilm. Citric acid ensured the lowest biomass volume, being by 53% lower than in the reactor with acetic acid and by as much as 61% lower than in the reactor with waste beer. The soluble EPS fraction prevailed in the total EPS in all reactors. The content of the tightly bound EPS fraction ranged from 26.93% (citric acid) to 36.32% (waste beer). Investigations showed also a high ratio of exoproteins to polysaccharide in all fractions, which indicated a significant role of proteins in developing a highly-proliferating biofilm. The treated wastewater met requirements of Polish regulations concerning COD and nitrogen concentrations.
|
['Biofilms', 'Bioreactors', 'Carbon', 'Denitrification', 'Nitrogen', 'Nutrients', 'Waste Disposal, Fluid', 'Waste Water']
| 32,143,032
|
[['A20.593', 'G06.120'], ['E07.115', 'J01.897.120.115'], ['D01.268.150'], ['G02.111.587.250', 'G02.607.560.250', 'G16.500.768.249'], ['D01.268.604', 'D01.362.625'], ['G07.203.300.681', 'J02.500.681'], ['N06.850.780.200.800.800.890', 'N06.850.860.510.900.600.900'], ['D20.944.932', 'N06.850.460.710.865']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Comparison of linear measurements in cephalometric studies.
|
Five longitudinal cephalometric studies were evaluated with regard to discrepancies in their methodology. The roentgenographic enlargement was determined for each study separately. One linear cephalometric distance was then depicted graphically with and without correction for enlargement. This revealed that, besides other inaccuracies in the method, it was primarily the neglecting of radiographic enlargement that created considerable distortion of linear dimensions. Growth velocity curves were computed for three selected dimensions and graphically depicted. The determination of a growth spurt according to accepted definitions was impossible in these growth velocity curves. Problems arising in the determination of a growth spurt are discussed.
|
['Adolescent', 'Bias', 'Cephalometry', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Longitudinal Studies', 'Male', 'Maxillofacial Development', 'Radiographic Magnification', 'Reference Values', 'Skull']
| 12,937,862
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['N05.715.350.150', 'N06.850.490.500'], ['E01.370.600.024.250', 'E05.041.250', 'N06.850.505.200.100.300'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.500'], ['G07.345.500.325.377.625.050.500.478', 'G11.427.578.050.500.478'], ['E01.370.350.700.710'], ['E05.978.810'], ['A02.835.232.781']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
[Involvement of miR-34a and p53 protein of cerebral cortex in electroacpuncture analgesia in mice with neuropathic pain].
|
OBJECTIVE: To explore the involvement of miR-34a in cerebral cortex mediated anti-hyperalgesic effect of electroacupuncture (EA) in mice with neuropathic pain induced by chronic constriction injury (CCI) of sciatic nerve, so as to reveal its mechanisms underlying improvement of neuropathic pain.METHODS: A total of 75 male C57BL/6 mice were equally randomized into 3 groups: sham, CCI model and CCI+EA (n=25 in each group). Mice of the sham group received simple separation of the right sciatic nerve without ligation. The CCI model was established by liagation of the right sciatic nerve. EA (2 Hz /15 Hz, 1 mA) was applied to bilateral "Zusanli" (ST36) and "Sanyinjiao" (SP9) for 30 min, once every other day. The mechanical and thermal pain threshold of the bilateral hind-paws was detected at the 3rd, 5th and 7th day after modeling, and the expression of miR-34a of bilateral cerebral cortex tissues and that of p53 protein of the left cerebral cortex were determined by using quantitive real time PCR and Western blot, respectively.RESULTS: The mechnical paw withdrawal frequency were significantly higher and the thermal paw withdrawal latencies (PWLs) were significantly shorter at the affected hind-limb (rather than at the healthy hind limb) on day 3, 5 and 7 in the CCI model group than those in the sham group (P<0.05), and considerably reversed at the affected hind-limb (rather than at the healthy hind limb) in the EA group than in the CCI model group (P<0.05), suggesting an analgesic effect of EA intervention. After modeling, the expression levels of miR-34a and p53 on day 3, 5 and 7 were significantly up-regulated in the left cerebral cortex tissue (rather than in the right cerebral cortex) of the CCI model group in comparison with the sham group (P<0.05). After EA intervention, the up-regulated expression levels of miR-34a and p53 in the left cerebral cortex tissue (rather than in the right cerebral cortex) were obviously suppressed in the EA group relevant to the CCI model group (P<0.05).CONCLUSION: EA stimulation of ST36 and SP9 can down-regulate the expression of miR-34a and p53 in the contra-lateral cerebral cortex tissue of the CCI mice, which may contribute to its anti-hyperalgesic effect.
|
['Animals', 'Cerebral Cortex', 'Electroacupuncture', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'MicroRNAs', 'Neuralgia', 'Tumor Suppressor Protein p53']
| 31,532,130
|
[['B01.050'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500'], ['E02.186.250', 'E02.190.044.244', 'E02.331.399', 'E02.779.468.399', 'E02.831.535.468.399', 'E03.091.823.500', 'E03.155.519'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['D13.150.650.319', 'D13.444.735.150.319', 'D13.444.735.790.552.500'], ['C10.668.829.600', 'C23.888.592.612.664'], ['D12.776.157.687.650', 'D12.776.260.820', 'D12.776.624.776.775', 'D12.776.660.720.650', 'D12.776.744.845']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The possibility of ethical expertise.
|
Can we legitimately speak of ethics experts? Recent literature in philosophy and medical ethics addresses this important question but does not offer a satisfactory answer. Part of the problem is the absence of an examination of what it means to be an 'expert' in general. I therefore begin by reviewing my analysis of expertise which appeared earlier in this journal. We speak of two kinds of experts: persons whose expertise is in virtue of what they know ('epistemic' expertise), or what they do ('performative' expertise). Applying this analysis to the domain of ethics, I argue that we may speak of ethical expertise in three epistemic senses: a) expertise in descriptive ethics, b) expertise in metaethics, c) expertise in normative ethics, and in a performative sense: d) expertise in living a good life. I conclude with a brief description of some social roles of ethics experts.
|
['Adult', 'Child', 'Ethical Theory', 'Ethicists', 'Ethics, Clinical', 'Ethics, Medical', 'Humans', 'Morals', 'Professional Competence', 'Professional Role', 'Research', 'Social Responsibility']
| 8,059,434
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.406'], ['K01.752.566.479.118', 'N05.350.256'], ['K01.752.566.479.119', 'M01.526.276', 'N05.350.262'], ['K01.752.566.479.045.500', 'K01.752.566.479.171.132', 'N05.350.200.500', 'N05.350.340.162'], ['K01.752.566.479.171.132.750', 'N05.350.340.162.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.829.500', 'K01.752.566'], ['I02.399.630'], ['F01.829.316.616.625'], ['H01.770.644'], ['F01.829.500.760', 'K01.752.566.869']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Erythrokeratodermia variabilis: immunohistochemical and ultrastructural studies of the epidermis.
|
Immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study of the epidermis was performed in a 53-year-old female with erythrokeratodermia variabilis (EKV) before and after treatment with the aromatic retinoid Etretinate (RO 10-9359). Aberrant expression of cytokeratin PKK2 (Labsystems, Helsinki, Finland) in lesional EKV stratum corneum was observed; this feature disappeared after Etretinate therapy. A normal distribution of DR-positive dendritic Langerhans' cells was seen in diseased, control and post-treatment skin specimens. The striking finding of this study was thus the shift to a basal cell-type keratin reactivity in stratum corneum in lesional skin, perhaps a reflection of cytoskeleton features related to cell adhesion. Increased adhesion between the cells in stratum corneum might account for the retention type of hyperkeratosis characteristic of EKV.
|
['Dermatitis, Exfoliative', 'Epidermis', 'Etretinate', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Middle Aged']
| 2,445,144
|
[['C17.800.174.318', 'C17.800.815.318'], ['A10.272.497', 'A17.815.250'], ['D02.455.326.271.665.202.495.250', 'D02.455.849.131.495.250', 'D23.767.261.700.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
New ultrasound techniques and their application in neurosurgical intra-operative sonography.
|
We describe a variety of new ultrasound techniques by their physical background, potentials and applications regarding usefulness during intra-operative neurosurgical procedures. Transducers like high-frequency and small rotating probes fitting into neuroendoscopes, imaging techniques as extended field-of-view technique, harmonic imaging, echo-enhancers, 3-D imaging and the real-time integration of neurosonography with pre-operative CT- or MR-data are mentioned. The technical or physical principles are explained, followed by a discussion of these techniques from available literature dealing with their intra-operative neurosurgical applications and the experience of the authors with the techniques. With higher frequencies micromillimeter imaging is possible and small probe allows endoneurosonography. Echo-enhancers and harmonic imaging improve the signal-to-noise ratio and 3-D imaging and extended field-of-view techniques allows a better understanding of the pathoanatomy. With the real-time integration of intra-operative ultrasound images and pre-operative CT or MR images additional information, like hemodynamic pattern, are available for the neurosurgeon. Although until now only a limited number of reports about new sonographic techniques during intra-operative application in neurosurgery exist, the methods seem to be promising in creating images easier to understand, incorporating more information about pathoanatomy and supplying the neurosurgeon with information additional to that provided by CT and MRI.
|
['Central Nervous System', 'Central Nervous System Neoplasms', 'Endosonography', 'Humans', 'Image Processing, Computer-Assisted', 'Imaging, Three-Dimensional', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Neurosurgical Procedures', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed']
| 11,680,508
|
[['A08.186'], ['C04.588.614.250', 'C10.551.240'], ['E01.370.350.850.280'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.224.308'], ['E01.370.350.400', 'L01.224.308.410'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['E04.525'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Molecular characterization of a large group of Mucopolysaccharidosis type IIIC patients reveals the evolutionary history of the disease.
|
Mucopolysaccharidosis type IIIC (MPSIIIC) is a severe, rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by variants in the heparan-á-glucosaminide N-acetyltransferase (HGSNAT) gene which result in lysosomal accumulation of heparan sulfate. We analyzed clinical presentation, molecular defects and their haplotype context in 78 (27 novel) MPSIIIC cases from 22 countries, the largest group studied so far. We describe for the first time disease-causing variants in the patients from Brazil, Algeria, Azerbaijan, and Iran, and extend their spectrum within Canada, Colombia, Turkey, and the USA. Six variants are novel: two missense, c.773A>T/p.N258I and c.1267G>T/p.G423W, a nonsense c.164T>A/p.L55*, a splice-site mutation c.494-1G>A/p.[P165_L187delinsQSCYVTQAGVRWHHLGSLQALPPGFTPFSYLSLLSSWNC,P165fs], a deletion c.1348delG/p.(D450fs) and an insertion c.1479dupA/p.(Leu494fs). The missense HGSNAT variants lacked lysosomal targeting, enzymatic activity, and likely the correct folding. The haplotype analysis identified founder mutations, p.N258I, c.525dupT, and p.L55* in the Brazilian state of Paraiba, c.493+1G>A in Eastern Canada/Quebec, p.A489E in the USA, p.R384* in Poland, p.R344C and p.S518F in the Netherlands and suggested that variants c.525dupT, c.372-2G>A, and c.234+1G>A present in cis with c.564-98T>C and c.710C>A rare single-nucleotide polymorphisms, have been introduced by Portuguese settlers in Brazil. Altogether, our results provide insights into the origin, migration roots and founder effects of HGSNAT disease-causing variants, and reveal the evolutionary history of MPSIIIC.
|
['Acetyltransferases', 'Algeria', 'Animals', 'Azerbaijan', 'Brazil', 'COS Cells', 'Canada', 'Chlorocebus aethiops', 'Colombia', 'Evolution, Molecular', 'Female', 'Founder Effect', 'Haplotypes', 'Humans', 'Iran', 'Male', 'Mucopolysaccharidosis III', 'Mutation', 'Netherlands', 'Pedigree', 'Phylogeography', 'Poland', 'Protein Folding']
| 31,228,227
|
[['D08.811.913.050.134'], ['Z01.058.266.104'], ['B01.050'], ['Z01.542.900.120'], ['Z01.107.757.176'], ['A11.251.210.172.500', 'A11.329.228.220'], ['Z01.107.567.176'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.199.120.126.110'], ['Z01.107.757.284'], ['G05.045.250', 'G16.075.250'], ['G05.285'], ['G05.380.360'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.252.245.500.350'], ['C16.320.565.202.715.650', 'C16.320.565.595.600.650', 'C17.300.550.575.650', 'C18.452.648.202.715.650', 'C18.452.648.595.600.650'], ['G05.365.590'], ['Z01.542.651'], ['E05.393.673'], ['H01.158.273.343.335.500', 'H01.277.500.589'], ['Z01.542.248.679'], ['G01.154.651', 'G02.111.688']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
|
Yield strength of fiber-reinforced composite posts with coronal retention.
|
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Currently, glass fiber-reinforced composite (FRC) posts with shank heads are only recommended for moderate coronal defects. Restoring endodontically treated teeth with large coronal defects remains a challenge, requiring posts with coronal retention and high bending resistance.PURPOSE: The purpose of this in vitro study was to investigate the yield strengths of FRC posts and titanium posts (TI) with coronal retention for core foundations compared to FRC and TI posts without coronal retention.MATERIAL AND METHODS: Tapered posts (ER root post system) of 4 diameters (ISO 50, 70, 90, 110), 2 lengths (tapered part: 9 and 12 mm) of identical shape, 2 materials (FRC, titanium), and 2 head designs (shank without retention (SH) and post head with horizontal retention (RET)) were evaluated (n=9). Titanium posts (TI-SH, TI-RET) served as the control. The 0.2% yield strengths (R(0.2)) of all specimens were tested in a universal testing machine. Three-way and 1-way ANOVAs with Bonferroni-Dunn's multiple comparison tests were performed (alpha=.05).RESULTS: The yield strengths of the control groups TI-RET were significantly higher for ISO 110 with a 9-mm length and for ISO 70 and 110 with a 12-mm length, compared to the respective FRC-RET posts (P<.001), whereas in all other groups, TI-RET and FRC-RET showed no significant differences. FRC-SH groups did not differ from FRC-RET groups. TI-SH showed significantly lower yield strength for ISO 70 compared to TI-RET, but significantly higher values for ISO 90 and 110 (P<.001).CONCLUSIONS: Head design of the tested FRC posts does not improve the yield strength, compared to FRC posts with a shank design. The diameter of the posts had a significant effect on the yield strengths of RET as well as SH groups.
|
['Composite Resins', 'Dental Prosthesis Design', 'Dental Prosthesis Retention', 'Dental Stress Analysis', 'Glass', 'Humans', 'Post and Core Technique', 'Tensile Strength', 'Titanium', 'Tooth Crown', 'Tooth, Nonvital']
| 19,463,665
|
[['D05.750.716.822.308', 'D25.339.816.500', 'D25.720.716.822.308', 'J01.637.051.339.816.500', 'J01.637.051.720.716.822.308'], ['E06.780.346.625', 'E06.912.145'], ['E06.780.346.687'], ['E06.308'], ['J01.637.437'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E06.780.346.250.500', 'E07.695.190.088.500'], ['G01.374.850'], ['D01.268.557.800', 'D01.268.956.878', 'D01.552.547.800'], ['A14.549.167.900.710'], ['C07.793.237.910']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Cigarette smoking in Kentucky: progress toward year 2000 objectives and reduction of smoking-attributable mortality.
|
Progress toward state and national Year 2000 Objectives for reduction in smoking prevalence and smoking-attributable mortality were analyzed for Kentucky, a major tobacco-growing state. Phone survey data indicated a 0.6% annual decrease in smoking prevalence from 1985 to 1992. This decrease is not sufficient to achieve state or national Year 2000 Objectives. As in other studies, an inverse relationship between education and smoking was found. The results also indicate that 23% of the state's deaths are attributable to smoking. Until there is a greater decline in smoking prevalence in Kentucky, the state will continue to experience an excess of smoking-attributable deaths each year compared to most other states.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Cardiovascular Diseases', 'Educational Status', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Income', 'Kentucky', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasms', 'Prevalence', 'Smoking', 'Smoking Cessation']
| 8,023,202
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C14'], ['N01.824.196'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N01.824.417'], ['Z01.107.567.875.075.400', 'Z01.107.567.875.510.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['F01.145.805'], ['F01.145.488.732']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Retrospective study of the prevalence of postanaesthetic hypothermia in dogs.
|
The anaesthetic records of 1525 dogs were examined to determine the prevalence of postanaesthetic hypothermia, its clinical predictors and consequences. Temperature was recorded throughout the anaesthesia. At the end of the procedure, details coded in were: hyperthermia (>39.50°C), normothermia (38.50°C-39.50°C), slight (38.49°C-36.50°C), moderate (36.49°C-34.00°C) and severe hypothermia (<34.00°C). Statistical analysis consisted of multiple regression to identify the factors that are associated with the temperature at the end of the procedure. Before premedication, the temperature was 38.7 ± 0.6°C (mean ± sd). At 60, 120 and 180 minutes from induction, the temperature was 36.7 ± 1.3°C, 36.1 ± 1.4°C and 35.8 ± 1.5°C, respectively. The prevalence of hypothermia was: slight, 51.5 per cent (95 per cent CI 49.0 to 54.0 per cent); moderate, 29.3 per cent (27.1-31.7 per cent) and severe: 2.8% (2.0-3.7%). The variables that associated with a decrease in the temperature recorded at the end of the anaesthesia were: duration of the preanesthetic time, duration of the anaesthesia, physical condition (ASA III and ASA IV dogs showed lower temperatures than ASA I dogs), the reason for anaesthesia (anaesthesia for diagnostic procedures or thoracic surgery reduce the temperature when compared with minor procedures), and the recumbency during the procedure (sternal and dorsal recumbencies showed lower temperatures than lateral recumbency). The temperature before premedication and the body surface (BS) were associated with a higher temperature at the end of the anaesthesia, and would be considered as protective factors.
|
['Anesthesia', 'Anesthesia Recovery Period', 'Animals', 'Body Temperature', 'Dog Diseases', 'Dogs', 'Female', 'Hypothermia', 'Male', 'Prevalence', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Risk Factors', 'Severity of Illness Index', 'Time Factors']
| 22,922,707
|
[['E03.155'], ['E03.160', 'E04.614.750.055', 'N02.421.585.753.750.055'], ['B01.050'], ['E01.370.600.875.374', 'G07.110'], ['C22.268'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.250.216.200'], ['C23.888.119.565'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475.456.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.364.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.364.500'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Robert Owen in the history of the social sciences: three presentist views.
|
This paper argues that the present-day disagreements over the right course for sociology and its public role are reflected and paralleled in contemporary historiography of Robert Owen, British social reformer and a self-described social scientist. Historical accounts, written from the perspectives of public sociology, "pure science" sociology, and anti-Marxism, interpret Owen's historical role in mutually antithetical and self-serving ways. Contrasting the three presentist accounts, I engage in an analysis of "techniques of presentism"-history-structuring concepts, such as "disciplinary founder" and "disciplinary prehistory," that allow presentist authors to get their effects. Along the way, I elaborate Peter Baehr's classification of sociology's founders.
|
['History, 18th Century', 'History, 19th Century', 'Humans', 'Social Sciences']
| 24,272,873
|
[['K01.400.504.875'], ['K01.400.504.937'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F04.096.879', 'I01']]
|
['Humanities [K]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Association between dietary folate intake and blood status of folate and homocysteine in Malaysian adults.
|
Folate is of prime interest among investigators in nutrition due to its multiple roles in maintaining health, especially in preventing neural tube defects and reducing the risk of cardiovascular diseases. We investigated the effect of dietary folate intake on blood folate, vitamin B(12), vitamin B(6), and homocysteine status. One hundred subjects consisting of Chinese and Malay subjects volunteered to participate in this cross-sectional study. Dietary folate intake was assessed by 24-h dietary recall and a food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Serum and red blood cell folate were analyzed using a microbiological assay, while serum vitamin B(12) was determined by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA), and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used for the determination of serum vitamin B(6) and homocysteine. The mean folate intake, serum folate, RBC folate, serum vitamin B(12), and B(6), were higher in female subjects, with the exception of serum homocysteine. The Chinese tended to have higher folate intake, serum folate, RBC folate, and vitamin B(12). A positive association was found between folate intake and serum folate while a negative association was found between folate intake and serum homocysteine. Stepwise linear regression of serum folate showed a significant positive coefficient for folate intake whilst a significant negative coefficient was found for serum homocysteine when controlling for age, gender, and ethnicity. In conclusion, high dietary folate intake helps to increase serum folate and to lower the homocysteine levels.
|
['Adult', 'Asian Continental Ancestry Group', 'Cardiovascular Diseases', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Diet', 'Diet Records', 'Diet Surveys', 'Erythrocytes', 'Female', 'Folic Acid', 'Homocysteine', 'Humans', 'Linear Models', 'Malaysia', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neural Tube Defects', 'Nutritional Status', 'Sex Factors', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Vitamin B 12', 'Vitamin B 6', 'Vitamin B Complex', 'Young Adult']
| 21,697,634
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.686.508.200'], ['C14'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['G07.203.650.240'], ['N04.452.859.360'], ['E05.318.308.980.485.350', 'N05.715.360.300.800.469.300', 'N06.850.505.616.300', 'N06.850.520.308.980.469.350'], ['A11.118.290', 'A11.443.240', 'A15.145.229.334'], ['D03.633.100.733.631.400'], ['D02.886.030.498', 'D12.125.166.498'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.740.500.500', 'E05.318.740.750.425', 'E05.599.835.750', 'N05.715.360.750.530.460', 'N05.715.360.750.695.460', 'N06.850.520.830.500.500', 'N06.850.520.830.750.425'], ['Z01.252.145.487'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C10.500.680', 'C16.131.666.680'], ['G07.203.650.650', 'N01.224.425.525'], ['N05.715.350.675', 'N06.850.490.875'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['D03.383.129.578.840.437.777', 'D03.633.400.909.437.777', 'D04.345.783.437.777'], ['D03.383.725.676.925'], ['D27.505.696.494.600.708'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
[Ultrasonographic diagnosis of tumors of the gastrointestinal tract].
|
The sonographic findings in 51 tumours of the gastro-intestinal tract are presented. In 30 instances, ultrasound was the first diagnostic technique employed and it suggested the final diagnosis which was confirmed by radiology and/or endoscopy including a definitive histological diagnosis.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Child', 'Female', 'Gastrointestinal Neoplasms', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Ultrasonography']
| 2,091,703
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['M01.060.406'], ['C04.588.274.476', 'C06.301.371', 'C06.405.249'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.370.350.850']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Dexamethasone downregulates the expression of parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) in mesenchymal stem cells.
|
Parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) has been shown to have anabolic effects in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis. PTHrP promotes the recruitment of osteogenic cells and prevents apoptotic death of osteoblasts and osteocytes. The receptor responsible for the effects of PTHrP is the common PTH/PTHrP receptor (PTH1R). Glucocorticoids (GC) are commonly used as drugs to treat inflammatory diseases. Long-term GC treatments are often associated with bone loss which can lead to GC-induced osteoporosis. The aim of this work was to study the effects of the glucocorticoid dexamethasone (Dex) on the expression of PTHrP and PTH1R in adult human mesenchymal stem cells, the progenitor cells of osteoblasts. Adult human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) were cultured and differentiated by standard methods. The expression of PTHrP and PTH1R mRNA was assayed by real-time qPCR. The PTHrP release into the culture media was measured by an immunoradiometric assay. Treatment with Dex (10 nM) resulted in an 80% drop in the PTHrP release within 6 h. A 24 h Dex treatment also reduced the expression of PTHrP mRNA by up to 90%. The expression of PTH1R receptor mRNA was simultaneously increased up to 20-fold by 10 nM Dex. The effects of Dex on PTHrP and PTH1R were dose-dependent and experiments with the GC-receptor antagonist mifepristone showed an involvement of GC-receptors in these effects. In addition to the Dex-induced effects on PTHrP and PTH1R, Dex also increased mineralization and the expression of the osteoblast markers Runx2 and alkaline phosphatase. In our studies, we show that dexamethasone decreases the expression of PTHrP and increases the expression of the PTH1R receptor. This could have an impact on PTHrP-mediated anabolic actions on bone and could also affect the responsiveness of circulating PTH. The results indicate that glucocorticoids affect the signalling pathway of PTHrP by regulating both PTHrP and PTH1R expression and these mechanisms could be involved in glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis.
|
['Bone and Bones', 'Cell Differentiation', 'Dexamethasone', 'Down-Regulation', 'Glucocorticoids', 'Homeostasis', 'Humans', 'Mesenchymal Stem Cells', 'Osteoblasts', 'Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Receptor, Parathyroid Hormone, Type 1']
| 19,121,329
|
[['A02.835.232', 'A10.165.265'], ['G04.152'], ['D04.210.500.745.432.769.344', 'D04.210.500.908.238'], ['G02.111.240', 'G05.308.200', 'G07.690.773.937'], ['D06.472.040.543', 'D27.505.696.399.472.488'], ['G07.410'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A11.329.830.500', 'A11.872.590.500'], ['A11.329.629'], ['D06.472.699.591', 'D12.644.276.908', 'D12.644.548.588', 'D12.776.467.890', 'D23.529.890'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.650.100', 'D12.776.543.750.750.600.100']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Do songbirds in wetlands show higher mercury bioaccumulation relative to conspecifics in non-wetland habitats?
|
Environmental conditions in wetlands facilitate favorable biogeochemical conditions for the conversion of inorganic mercury into methylmercury. For this reason, wetlands are increasingly classified as mercury hotspots, places where biota exhibit elevated mercury concentrations. While it is clear that wetlands play an important role in methylmercury production, factors such as geographic variation in mercury deposition, wetland type, and trophic dynamics can cause variation in mercury dynamics and bioaccumulation in biota occupying wetlands or connected to wetland trophic systems. Here, we use songbirds as bioindicators in a two-pronged approach aimed at evaluating the state of our understanding of mercury bioaccumulation by songbirds in wetland ecosystems. First, we use a case study in southeast Missouri to compare blood mercury concentrations in tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) and eastern bluebirds (Sialia sialis) occupying wetland and non-wetland habitats to test the hypothesis that songbirds in wetlands will have higher mercury bioaccumulation than those in non-wetlands. Adult tree swallows in wetlands had significantly higher blood mercury concentrations than those in non-wetlands; however, no difference between ecosystems was detected in eastern bluebirds. Second, we present a review of the current literature on mercury in songbirds in wetland ecosystems across North America. Mercury concentrations in songbirds varied among wetland types and with geographic location, often in an unpredictable manner. Mercury concentrations in songbird blood varied 3-10 fold at locations separated only by ~10 to several hundred kilometers. This magnitude of difference in blood mercury concentrations among wetlands exceeds documented differences between wetland and non-wetland ecosystems. Therefore, we caution against the automatic assumption that songbirds occupying wetlands will have higher mercury bioaccumulation than conspecifics living in other habitats.
|
['Animals', 'Ecosystem', 'Environmental Monitoring', 'Food Chain', 'Mercury', 'Songbirds', 'Water Pollutants, Chemical', 'Wetlands']
| 31,942,663
|
[['B01.050'], ['G16.500.275.157', 'N06.230.124'], ['N06.850.460.350.080', 'N06.850.780.375'], ['G16.500.275.157.250', 'N06.230.124.250'], ['D01.268.556.504', 'D01.268.956.437', 'D01.552.544.504'], ['B01.050.150.900.248.620.750'], ['D27.888.284.903.655'], ['G16.500.275.157.812', 'N06.230.124.625']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Effect of season and exercise on dermal nitrogen losses and their relation to urinary nitrogen excretion.
|
The present study was designed to estimate dermal nitrogen losses in summer and winter under the conditions of minimal daily activities, on a diet of standard Japanese protein intake level and to determine whether the increased dermal nitrogen losses induced by hot climate or exercise were compensated for by the decrease in urinary nitrogen excretion. Six healthy male university students served as the subjects. The daily dermal nitrogen losses (mean +/- SD) were 0.22 +/- 0.07 g or 3.10 +/- 0.58 mg/kg in winter and 0.44 +/- 0.19 g or 6.35 +/- 2.46 mg/kg in summer, showing significantly higher dermal nitrogen losses in summer than in winter. On the contrary, urinary nitrogen excretion tended to be larger in winter than in summer. Thus, renal compensation seemed to exist for the seasonal changes in dermal nitrogen losses. In the summer experiment, the subjects took light exercise besides the minimal daily activities for a 2-day exercise period. The pooled mean of daily dermal nitrogen losses during the exercise period was significantly larger than that during the sedentary period, while the urinary nitrogen excretion was almost the same in the two periods. No compensatory reduction in the urinary nitrogen excretion during the exercise period was observed under the conditions of the present study.
|
['Adult', 'Body Weight', 'Creatinine', 'Diet', 'Dietary Proteins', 'Feces', 'Humans', 'Japan', 'Male', 'Nitrogen', 'Physical Exertion', 'Seasons', 'Skin']
| 4,067,668
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['C23.888.144', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120', 'E05.041.124.160.750', 'G07.100.100.160.120', 'G07.345.249.314.120'], ['D03.383.129.308.207'], ['G07.203.650.240'], ['D12.776.256', 'G07.203.300.428', 'J02.500.428'], ['A12.459'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.252.474.463', 'Z01.639.595'], ['D01.268.604', 'D01.362.625'], ['G11.427.683'], ['G01.910.645.661', 'G16.500.275.071.590', 'N06.230.300.100.250.525'], ['A17.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Drunkenness arrests: predictors of recurrence and effect of detoxication treatment.
|
Predictors of the recurrence of drunkenness arrests and the effect of detoxication treatment on outcome during a 12-14-month follow-up were studied among 560 arrestees. Arrestees were assigned on the basis of the last digit of their day of birth to a treatment group (odd digits) or a control group (even digits). Treatment was compulsory and consisted of a bath, rest, food and care provided by social workers, nurses and a physician at a detoxication station. In regression analysis, the number of subsequent arrests was significantly related to housing status, age, marital status and occupational status but not to treatment. Survival analyses indicated that the first and the second new arrest were significantly associated, in addition to the above-mentioned predictors, with sex but not with treatment. Relative risks between selected categories of predictor variables, estimated using Cox's proportional hazard models, varied between 1.2 and 2.5. Compulsory detoxication does not decrease the recurrence of drunkenness arrests.
|
['Accidents, Traffic', 'Adult', 'Alcoholism', 'Female', 'Finland', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Recurrence', 'Referral and Consultation', 'Social Control, Formal']
| 3,762,164
|
[['N06.850.135.392'], ['M01.060.116'], ['C25.775.100.250', 'F03.900.100.350'], ['Z01.542.816.186'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C23.550.291.937'], ['N04.452.758.849'], ['I01.880.604', 'N03.706']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Vascular-metabolic and GABAergic Inhibitory Correlates of Neural Variability Modulation. A Combined fMRI and PET Study.
|
Neural activity varies continually from moment to moment. Such temporal variability (TV) has been highlighted as a functionally specific brain property playing a fundamental role in cognition. We sought to investigate the mechanisms involved in TV changes between two basic behavioral states, namely having the eyes open (EO) or eyes closed (EC) in vivo in humans. To these ends we acquired BOLD fMRI, ASL, and [18F]-fluoro-deoxyglucose PET in a group of healthy participants (n = 15), along with BOLD fMRI and [18F]-flumazenil PET in a separate group (n = 19). Focusing on an EO- vs EC-sensitive region in the occipital cortex (identified in an independent sample), we show that TV is constrained in the EO condition compared to EC. This reduction is correlated with an increase in energy consumption and with regional GABAA receptor density. This suggests that the modulation of TV by behavioral state involves an increase in overall neural activity that is related to an increased effect from GABAergic inhibition in addition to any excitatory changes. These findings contribute to our understanding of the mechanisms underlying activity variability in the human brain and its control.
|
['Adult', 'Cerebrovascular Circulation', 'Female', 'Flumazenil', 'Fluorodeoxyglucose F18', 'GABA Modulators', 'Humans', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Multimodal Imaging', 'Occipital Lobe', 'Oxygen', 'Periodicity', 'Positron-Emission Tomography', 'Radiopharmaceuticals', 'Receptors, GABA-A', 'Young Adult', 'gamma-Aminobutyric Acid']
| 29,530,810
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['G09.330.100.159'], ['D03.633.100.079.080.070.305'], ['D09.254.229.500'], ['D27.505.519.625.240.500', 'D27.505.696.577.240.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.370.350.567'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.571'], ['D01.268.185.550', 'D01.362.670'], ['G01.910.645', 'G07.180.562'], ['E01.370.350.350.800.700', 'E01.370.350.600.350.800.399', 'E01.370.350.710.800.399', 'E01.370.350.825.800.399', 'E01.370.384.730.800.399'], ['D27.505.259.843', 'D27.505.519.871', 'D27.720.470.410.650'], ['D12.776.157.530.400.175.562', 'D12.776.157.530.400.400.100.100', 'D12.776.543.550.450.175.562', 'D12.776.543.550.450.500.100.100', 'D12.776.543.585.400.175.562', 'D12.776.543.585.400.500.100.100', 'D12.776.543.750.130.500', 'D12.776.543.750.720.200.300.300'], ['M01.060.116.815'], ['D02.241.081.114.500.350', 'D12.125.190.350']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Lysis-centrifugation blood culture technique. Clinical impact in Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia.
|
To determine the clinical impact of enhanced detection of Staphylococcus aureus by a lysis-centrifugation (LC) blood culture system, consecutive cases of S aureus bacteremia during a seven-month period were reviewed. Of 77 clinically significant cases, the LC system detected 70 cases (91%) while a conventional broth system detected 67 cases (87%). Of 60 cases detected by both systems, the LC system was positive earlier than the broth system by one or more days in 34 cases (57%) and later in none. It also detected more (12 vs four of 13) patients with persistent bacteremia who were receiving antimicrobial treatment. Forty-three patients (56%) did not receive appropriate antimicrobial therapy until cultures were reported positive. Enhanced detection of S aureus bacteremia is a clinically important advantage of the LC blood culture technique.
|
['Bacteriological Techniques', 'Centrifugation', 'Humans', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Sepsis', 'Staphylococcus aureus', 'Time Factors']
| 3,535,720
|
[['E01.370.225.875.150', 'E05.200.875.150'], ['E05.181'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['C01.757', 'C23.550.470.790.500'], ['B03.300.390.400.800.750.100', 'B03.353.500.750.750.100', 'B03.510.100.750.750.100', 'B03.510.400.790.750.100'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Impact of eNOS 27-bp VNTR (4b/a) gene polymorphism with the risk of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in south Indian subjects.
|
OBJECTIVE: Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) is constitutively expressed by vascular endothelium including glomerular endothelium. Functional polymorphisms, -786T>C (rs2070744) promoter variant, 27 bp VNTR (4b/a) in intron 4 and 894G>T (rs1799983) exon variant of eNOS are known to alter the eNOS expression and activity leading to altered NO levels and contribute to the development of vascular and renal disease risk. Thus it might have a role in SLE risk and development of glomerulonephritis. Hence, the present study is aimed to investigate the role of eNOS polymorphisms in South Indian SLE patients.METHODS: Five hundred and four subjects (219 SLE cases and 285 controls) were included in the present case-control study. Genotyping was done using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) for -786T>C and 894G>T SNPs. Another, 4a4b variable number of tandem repeat polymorphism was genotyped using direct PCR method using primer pairs flanking the 27 bp direct repeat region in intron 4 of eNOS gene.RESULTS: Our analysis revealed that intron 4 27 bp VNTR genotype frequency differ significantly between the SLE patients and controls (OR: 1.73, 95% CI %:1.18-2.54, P = 0.004). Further, "a allele" frequency was significantly higher in SLE patients as compared to the controls (20 vs. 13.8%) (OR: 1.56, 95%CI: 1.11-2.18, P = 0.01). However, promoter polymorphism -786T>C and missense variant 894G>T were not significantly different between the SLE cases and controls (OR: 0.92, 95%CI: 0.64-1.33, P = 0.7 and OR: 1.4, 95%CI: 0.95-2.06, P = 0.095 respectively). Furthermore, no association was found between any of the three polymorphisms with lupus nephritis phenotype. Increased plasma nitrate levels were observed in SLE patients (36.79 ± 2.83 ìM/L) as compared to healthy controls (28.53 ± 1.94 ìM/L) (P = 0.01). In addition, the genotype-based simulations have indicated that combined effect of eNOS polymorphisms contribute to 30.5% variability in NO production.CONCLUSION: Results of the present study indicate that 27-bp VNTR polymorphism in intron 4 of eNOS gene polymorphism may be the significant risk factor for SLE in south Indian subjects.
|
['Adult', 'Asian Continental Ancestry Group', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Female', 'Gene Frequency', 'Genetic Predisposition to Disease', 'Haplotypes', 'Humans', 'India', 'Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Minisatellite Repeats', 'Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III', 'Polymorphism, Genetic', 'Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length', 'Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide', 'Young Adult']
| 29,524,578
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.686.508.200'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['G05.330'], ['C23.550.291.687.500', 'G05.380.355'], ['G05.380.360'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.252.245.393'], ['C17.300.480', 'C20.111.590'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G02.111.570.080.708.800.550', 'G05.360.080.708.800.550', 'G05.360.340.024.850.550'], ['D08.811.682.664.500.772.750'], ['G05.365.795'], ['G05.365.795.595'], ['G05.365.795.598'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Improved radioassay for human antithyroglobulin.
|
Human antithyroglobulin (anti-HTg) in serum and tissue cultures can be assayed by coprecipitation with 125I-labelled human thyroglobulin (HTg). Co-precipitation of the antibody from different sera gives roughly parallel curves, so that a standard serum can be used for quantitiation of other sera. By assessing the binding of 125I-labelled HTg in antigen excess we estimate the antibody content of the standard serum to be 0.14 ng anti-HTg per ml. Shortened incubation minimizes non-specific binding of HTg to serum globulins and obviates pre-assay absorption of HTg. Radioassay for thyroglobulin antibodies in serum correlated with values obtained by solid-phase competitive-binding assay (SPCB). One unit in our assay corresponds to 0.014 unit by the latter assay and to 0.12 units of MRC. Research Standard A. We confirm that serum thyroglobulin seriously interferes with SPCB assay, giving what appears to be positive results for anti-HTg where none is detected with our assay. Values for anti-HTg are depressed by serum HTg but only in the presence of very high concentrations in serum.
|
['Antibodies', 'Binding Sites, Antibody', 'Binding, Competitive', 'Humans', 'Radioimmunoassay', 'Reference Values', 'Thyroglobulin']
| 7,158,230
|
[['D12.776.124.486.485.114', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114'], ['G02.111.570.060.425.079', 'G02.111.570.120.408', 'G12.122.232', 'G12.125'], ['E05.196.080', 'G02.111.084', 'G02.111.570.120.309'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.384.700', 'E05.478.566.639', 'E05.601.470.639'], ['E05.978.810'], ['D12.776.377.856', 'D12.776.395.768', 'D12.776.486.706']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Calcitonin gene-related peptide immunoreactivity in adult mouse lung.
|
Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is a 37 amino acid peptide coded by the calcitonin gene that is produced by thyroid C cells and medullary carcinoma. It is also widely distributed in neurons and endocrine cells throughout the body. The presence of CGRP in the lungs suggests that this peptide exerts important regulatory actions at this level, and it can act like a neuroregulator released both from nerve terminals and neuroendocrine (NE) cells. To understand the role of CGRP in the lung, it is important to explore its localization in different species. In this paper, we analyse the presence and localization of CGRP in the adult mouse lung using an immunocytochemical staining method. Our results show a widespread distribution of this peptide in isolated neuroendocrine cells and neuroepithelial bodies (NEBs), as well as in nerve fibres distributed in many areas of the lung, including bronchi and bronchioli. These fibres are in close contact with epithelium, neuroendocrine cells and smooth muscle. In addition, some immunostained nerve cell bodies and immunoreactive intrinsic ganglion cells can be shown. CGRP has been previously demonstrated in the mammalian lung using immunocytochemistry. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that CGRP has been immunocytochemically demonstrated in the mouse lung both in NE cells, NEBS, ganglion cells and in nerve fibres which are related to neuroendocrine cells.
|
['Animals', 'Bronchi', 'Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide', 'Epithelium', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Lung', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Muscle, Smooth', 'Nerve Fibers', 'Neurosecretory Systems']
| 9,271,704
|
[['B01.050'], ['A04.411.125'], ['D12.644.400.097', 'D12.776.631.650.097'], ['A10.272'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['A04.411'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['A02.633.570', 'A10.690.467'], ['A08.675.542', 'A11.671.501'], ['A06.688', 'A08.713']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Inducers of DNA synthesis present during mitosis of mammalian cells lacking G1 and G2 phases.
|
The cell cycle analysis of Chinese hamster lung fibroblast V79-8 line by the premature chromosome condensation method has confirmed the absence of measurable G1 and G2 periods. Sendai virus-mediated fusion of mitotic V79-8 cells with G1 phase HeLa cells resulted in the induction of both DNA synthesis and premature chromosome condensation in the latter, indicating the presence of the inducers of DNA synthesis above the critical level not only throughout S phase, as it is in HeLa, but also during mitosis of V79-8 cells. No initiation of DNA synthesis was observed when G1 phase HeLa cells were fused with mitotic CHO cells. These results indicate that the presence or absence of a G1 period in the cell cycle depends on the levels of the inducers of DNA synthesis present in the cell during mitosis.
|
['Cell Cycle', 'Cell Fusion', 'Cell Line', 'DNA', 'Mitosis']
| 283,413
|
[['G04.144'], ['E05.242.307', 'G04.155'], ['A11.251.210'], ['D13.444.308'], ['G04.144.220.220.781', 'G05.113.220.781']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Clinical Features of Benign Essential Blepharospasm in Korean Patients.
|
PURPOSE: To analyze the clinical features of benign essential blepharospasm in Korean patients.METHODS: Patients diagnosed with benign essential blepharospasm in Kim's Eye Hospital from November 2014 to December 2016 were evaluated using a clinical examination and questionnaire. The questionnaire reviewed personal medical history, demographic factors, risk factors for blepharospasm development, and relieving and aggravating factors.RESULTS: Of the 101 patients enrolled, 78 (77.2%) were women. The mean age was 64.9 years old. Hypertension was the most common medical disorder (42.6%), followed by diabetes mellitus. The majority of the patients were non-smokers (83.2%) and drank less than a cup of a caffeinated beverage a day (30.7%). Fifty-seven percent of patients reported no stressful events immediately prior to symptom development. Fatigue and stress were aggravating factors in more than 55% of patients; rest was the most common relieving factor (35.6%).CONCLUSIONS: Here, we report the clinical features of benign essential blepharospasm in Korean patients for the first time. The results were consistent with previous reports showing that the majority of benign essential blepharospasm patients are women and non-smokers. In contrast to previous reports though, fatigue and stress were aggravating factors, and the most common relieving factor was rest. No stressful events had immediately preceded the development of blepharospasm in 57.4% of patients. This report may aid in treating and counseling patients with benign essential blepharospasm.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Blepharospasm', 'Botulinum Toxins, Type A', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Incidence', 'Injections, Intramuscular', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neuromuscular Agents', 'Prognosis', 'Republic of Korea', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Risk Factors', 'Surveys and Questionnaires']
| 30,311,455
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['C11.338.250'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.480.153.100', 'D08.811.277.656.675.374.153.100', 'D12.776.097.156.100', 'D23.946.123.179.050'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.375', 'N01.224.935.597.500', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.375', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.375'], ['E02.319.267.530.460'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D27.505.696.663.700'], ['E01.789'], ['Z01.252.474.557.750'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Screening for type 2 diabetes mellitus in overweight and obese subjects made easy by the FINDRISC score.
|
AIM: To evaluate the use of the FINDRISC score in an overweight and obese population to predict glucose status.METHODS: In 651 overweight/obese subjects (M/F: 193/458, age 43±13 y, BMI 38.2±6.1kg/m(2)) glucose status was tested using OGTT and HbA1c. Furthermore, the FINDRISC questionnaire and CT visceral fat (VAT) and subcutaneous fat (SAT) were examined.RESULTS: Exactly 50.4% were found to have prediabetes and 11.1% were newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) (M/F=22.2/8.8%). Subjects without T2DM had a FINDRISC score of 11±3, those with pre-DM 13±4, and subjects with de novo T2DM 15±5. The aROC of the FINDRISC for detecting T2DM was 0.76 (95% CI 0.72-0.82), with 13 as cutoff point. The FINDRISC score correlated with VAT (r=0.34, p<0.001) and VAT/SAT ratio (r=0.39, p<0.001). The aROC of the FINDRISC to detect excess VAT was 0.79 (95%CI 0.72-0.84).CONCLUSIONS: In a large group of overweight and obese subjects, 50.4% were found to have pre-DM and 11.1% were newly diagnosed with T2DM. The FINDRISC score increased with worsening of glucose tolerance status and proved to be an independent predictor of T2DM status, as did HOMA-B, HOMA-S and VAT. The FINDRISC can also function as a good tool to predict visceral obesity.
|
['Adult', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Intra-Abdominal Fat', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Obesity', 'Overweight', 'Subcutaneous Fat']
| 27,217,020
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['C18.452.394.750.149', 'C19.246.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A10.165.114.830.500.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C18.654.726.500', 'C23.888.144.699.500', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120.699.500', 'G07.100.100.160.120.699.500'], ['C23.888.144.699', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120.699', 'G07.100.100.160.120.699'], ['A10.165.114.830.750']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
The efficacy and safety of udenafil, a new selective phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor, in patients with erectile dysfunction.
|
INTRODUCTION: Udenafil is a potent selective phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitor newly developed for the treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED).AIM: This study was performed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of udenafil therapy in patients with ED.METHODS: In this multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled, fixed-dose, parallel-group phase III trial, 167 patients with ED of diverse origin and severity were randomized to take placebo or udenafil at fixed doses of 100 or 200 mg as needed for 12 weeks.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Primary efficacy variable was change from baseline in erectile function (EF) domain scores of the International Index of Erectile Dysfunction (IIEF) questionnaire. Secondary efficacy variables include change from baseline in scores on the IIEF Questions 3 and 4 (IIEF Q3 and Q4), change from baseline in all domain scores of the IIEF, patients' responses to questions 2 and 3 of the Sexual Encounter Profile (SEP2 and SEP3), and patients' responses to the Global Assessment Question (GAQ). Any adverse events were also recorded during the trial.RESULTS: After 12 weeks of treatment, the patients treated with udenafil showed significantly greater change from baseline in the IIEF-EF domain score compared with placebo (placebo, 0.20; 100-mg udenafil, 7.52; and 200-mg udenafil, 9.93, respectively) (P < 0.0001). Compared with placebo, udenafil significantly enhanced the rates of successful penetration (SEP Q2) and maintenance of erection (SEP Q3) (P < 0.0001). Furthermore, significantly greater proportions of udenafil treatment groups responded positively to the GAQ compared with the placebo group (GAQ: placebo, 25.9%; 100-mg udenafil, 81.5%; and 200-mg udenafil, 88.5%, respectively) (P < 0.0001). Treatment-related adverse events were generally mild to moderate with facial flushing and headache being the most common.CONCLUSIONS: Udenafil is an effective and well-tolerated therapy for ED of broad-spectrum etiology and severity.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Double-Blind Method', 'Drug Administration Schedule', 'Erectile Dysfunction', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Patient Satisfaction', 'Penile Erection', 'Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors', 'Pyrimidines', 'Quality of Life', 'Research Design', 'Severity of Illness Index', 'Sexual Behavior', 'Sulfonamides', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 18,221,288
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['E05.318.370.300', 'E05.581.500.300', 'N05.715.360.325.320', 'N06.850.520.445.300'], ['E02.319.283'], ['C12.294.644.486', 'F03.835.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['F01.100.150.750.625', 'F01.145.488.887.625', 'N04.452.822.700', 'N05.300.150.800.625', 'N05.715.360.600'], ['G08.686.784.717'], ['D27.505.519.389.735'], ['D03.383.742'], ['I01.800', 'K01.752.400.750', 'N06.850.505.400.425.837'], ['E05.581.500', 'H01.770.644.728'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475.456.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.364.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.364.500'], ['F01.145.802'], ['D02.065.884', 'D02.886.590.700'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Interaction of chlorpromazine, fluphenazine and trifluoperazine with ocular and synthetic melanin in vitro.
|
The aim of this study was to examine in vitro the binding capacity of three phenothiazine derivatives--chlorpromazine, fluphenazine and trifluoperazine--causing adverse effects in the eye structures, to natural melanin isolated from pig eyes as well as to synthetic DOPA-melanin used as a model polymer. The amount of drug bound to melanin was determined by UV spectrophotometry. The analysis of results for the kinetics of drug-melanin complex formation showed that the amount of drug bound to melanin increases with increasing initial drug concentration and longer incubation time, attaining an equilibrium state after about 24 h. Binding parameters, i.e. the number of binding sites (n) and association constants (K), were determined on the basis of Scatchard plots. For neuroleptic-ocular melanin and neuroleptic-DOPA-melanin complexes two classes of independent binding sites were found, with association constants K1 approximately 10(4) and K2 approximately 10(2) M (-1) for chlorpromazine and fluphenazine complexes, and K1 approximately 10(5) and K2 approximately 10(3) M(-1) for trifluoperazine complexes. The numbers of strong (n1) and weak (n2) binding sites indicate lower affinity of the drugs examined to ocular melanin compared with DOPA-melanin. The ability of chlorpromazine, fluphenazine and trifluoperazine to interact with melanin, especially the ocular melanin, in vitro is discussed in relation to the ocular toxicity of these drugs in vivo.
|
['Animals', 'Antipsychotic Agents', 'Chlorpromazine', 'Eye', 'Fluphenazine', 'Indicators and Reagents', 'Kinetics', 'Melanins', 'Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet', 'Swine', 'Trifluoperazine']
| 18,557,422
|
[['B01.050'], ['D27.505.696.277.950.040', 'D27.505.954.427.210.950.040', 'D27.505.954.427.700.872.331'], ['D02.886.369.198', 'D03.633.300.783.198'], ['A01.456.505.420', 'A09.371'], ['D02.886.369.326', 'D03.633.300.783.326'], ['D27.720.470.410'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['D12.125.072.050.875.379', 'D23.767.620'], ['E05.196.712.726.802', 'E05.196.867.826.802'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.880'], ['D02.886.369.898', 'D03.633.300.783.898']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Resolving the paradox of increased mental health expenditure and stable prevalence.
|
A doubling of Australian expenditure on mental health services over two decades, inflation-adjusted, has reduced prevalence of neither psychological distress nor mental disorders. Low rates of help-seeking, and inadequate and inequitable delivery of effective care may explain this partially, but not fully. Focusing on depressive disorders, drawing initially on ideas from the work of philosopher and socio-cultural critic Ivan Illich, we use evidence-based medicine statistics and simulation modelling approaches to develop testable hypotheses as to how iatrogenic influences on the course of depression may help explain this seeming paradox. Combined psychological treatment and antidepressant medication may be available, and beneficial, for depressed people in socioeconomically advantaged areas. But more Australians with depression live in disadvantaged areas where antidepressant medication provision without formal psychotherapy is more typical; there also are urban/non-urban disparities. Depressed people often engage in self-help strategies consistent with psychological treatments, probably often with some benefit to these people. We propose then, if people are encouraged to rely heavily on antidepressant medication only, and if they consequently reduce spontaneous self-help activity, that the benefits of the antidepressant medication may be more than offset by reductions in beneficial effects as a consequence of reduced self-help activity. While in advantaged areas, more comprehensive service delivery may result in observed prevalence lower than it would be without services, in less well-serviced areas, observed prevalence may be higher than it would otherwise be. Overall, then, we see no change. If the hypotheses receive support from the proposed research, then implications for service prioritisation and delivery could include a case for wider application of recovery-oriented practice. Critically, it would strengthen the case for action to correct inequities in the delivery of psychological treatments for depression in Australia so that combined psychological therapy and antidepressant medication, accessible and administered within an empowering framework, should be a nationally implemented standard.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Antidepressive Agents', 'Australia', 'Depressive Disorder', 'Health Expenditures', 'Humans', 'Mental Health Services', 'Middle Aged', 'Prevalence', 'Psychotherapy', 'Young Adult']
| 31,238,699
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['D27.505.954.427.700.122'], ['Z01.639.100', 'Z01.678.100.373'], ['F03.600.300'], ['N03.219.151.450', 'N05.300.385'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F04.408', 'N02.421.461'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['F04.754'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Prevalence and predictors of quitline enrollment following hospital referral in real-world clinical practice.
|
Tobacco quitlines are effective, and work best for callers who receive three or more counseling sessions. Clinical settings are adopting quitline referral as a method for providing cessation support but little is known regarding enrollment and engagement following these referrals. We used data from quitline fax-back reports to describe enrollment and treatment engagement of 878 hospitalized patients who smoke who were referred via secure email to quitline at discharge. We compared patient demographics, tobacco characteristics, and treatment engagement between those enrolled and not enrolled. We conducted chi-square and t-tests to determine which variables should be included in a logistic regression to determine predictors of quitline enrollment. We did not receive fax-back reports for 25% (n = 221) of referred patients; these were excluded from all but the intent-to-treat analysis. Among patients for whom we received reports, 20.4% enrolled and accepted at least one service from the quitline. Among the 79.6% (n = 523) of patients who smoke not enrolled, most (78.3%; n = 410) were classified by the quitline as unreachable. Age (p = .006), smoking within 30 min of waking (p = .005), and interest in quitting (p = .008) were significant predictors of quitline enrollment. Using an intent to treat analysis, 11.4% (n = 100) of all referred patients were enrolled and accepted a single or multi-call programs; 4.2% (n = 37) of all referred patients enrolled and accepted a multi-call counseling program. Quitlines are a pillar of U.S. tobacco treatment. For quitlines to fulfill their potential, quitlines and hospitals must identify effective strategies for reaching and treating referred patients who smoke. Quitlines are effective and are readily available to many in advanced economy countries. Treatment engagement appears to be a barrier to quitline participation as we found few patients who were referred to the quitline actually enrolled in care. Quitlines should consider adopting alternative methods for reaching patients who smoke. Future research is warranted to determine effective solutions to breakdowns in transitions of care.
|
['Adult', 'Ambulatory Care', 'Counseling', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Patient Acceptance of Health Care', 'Prevalence', 'Referral and Consultation', 'Smoking', 'Smoking Cessation']
| 31,174,711
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E02.760.106', 'N02.421.585.106'], ['F02.784.176', 'F04.408.413', 'N02.421.143.303', 'N02.421.461.363'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['F01.100.150.750.500', 'F01.145.488.887.500', 'N05.300.150.800.500'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['N04.452.758.849'], ['F01.145.805'], ['F01.145.488.732']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Treatment of localized non-segmental vitiligo with intradermal 5-flurouracil injection combined with narrow-band ultraviolet B: a preliminary study.
|
BACKGROUND: Several treatment modalities had been used for the treatment of vitiligo but the optimal treatment has not yet been identified.AIM: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of intradermal injection of 5-flurouracil (5-FU) combined with narrow-band ultraviolet B (NB-UVB) as a treatment option for vitiligo.PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study included 60 vitiligo patients with overall symmetrical lesions affecting less than 30% of body surface area. For each patient, one side of the body was treated with NB-UVB alone (control side) while the other side was treated with NB-UVB therapy in addition to intradermal injection of 5-FU (50 mg/ml), 0.01-0.02 ml per injection with 1 cm apart in skin of vitiligo, every 2 weeks for 4 months.RESULTS: The overall repigmentation was significantly higher in the 5-FU side compared with control side in all body parts (p < 0.001) except for the acral lesions where the difference was not significant (p = 0.561). No systemic side effects of 5-FU were detected, and the majority of the patients reported pain during injections.CONCLUSIONS: Intradermal 5-FU injection in combination with NB-UVB could be considered as a simple, safe, tolerable and cheap technique for treatment of vitiligo. It shortens the duration of NB-UVB therapy and improves the outcome, repigmentation. Longer follow-up is needed.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Combined Modality Therapy', 'Female', 'Fluorouracil', 'Humans', 'Immunosuppressive Agents', 'Injections, Intradermal', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Ultraviolet Therapy', 'Vitiligo']
| 21,781,011
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['E02.186'], ['D03.383.742.698.875.404'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D27.505.696.477.656'], ['E02.319.267.530.620.410'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['E02.774.945'], ['C17.800.621.440.895']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Blame and punishment: attitudes to juvenile and criminal offending.
|
Responses of 139 undergraduate social welfare students and 79 community members to a questionnaire regarding contemporary issues in juvenile and general justice were partially accounted for by a Punitive-Internal factor. Scores on a resultant 8-item index of punitive-internal attitudes were positively correlated with scores on belief in a just world and were lower for social welfare students than for community members. In a follow-up study with a second sample of 78 community members, scores on the Punitive-Internal index were significantly related to ratings on measures of attitude toward authority and political conservatism but not to reported experience of crime. Findings are consistent with previous research and indicate that opinions on juvenile offending have a similar attitudinal basis to opinions on offending in general.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Crime', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Internal-External Control', 'Juvenile Delinquency', 'Liability, Legal', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Public Opinion', 'Punishment', 'Social Responsibility', 'Social Welfare']
| 8,643,772
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['I01.198.240', 'I01.880.735.191'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.829.379'], ['I01.880.735.479'], ['I01.880.604.583.490', 'N03.706.535.547'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['I01.880.630.548'], ['F02.463.425.770.571', 'I01.880.630.716'], ['F01.829.500.760', 'K01.752.566.869'], ['I01.880.787']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Humanities [K]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Distinct mechanisms of suppression of murine T cell activation by the related macrolides FK-506 and rapamycin.
|
FK-506 and the structurally related macrolide rapamycin (RAP) were investigated in comparison with cyclosporin A (CsA) for their immunosuppressive effects on murine T cells. All three agents suppressed the proliferation of splenic T cells triggered by lectins or antibodies to CD3 and Ly-6C. FK-506 or CsA also inhibited proliferation, IL-2 production, and IL-2R expression in splenic T cells activated with ionomycin + PMA. However, RAP minimally affected IL-2 production and IL-2R expression in these cells, although it reduced proliferation. Similarly, FK-506 and CsA, but not RAP, suppressed IL-2 production by activated DO.11.10 T hybridoma cells. In such a system, as well as in normal T cells stimulated with high ionomycin concentrations, FK-506 and CsA enhanced proliferation, indicating that they both abrogate negative signals associated with T cell activation. On the contrary, RAP diminished the autonomous proliferation of hybridoma cells, whereas FK-506 and CsA had little effect. The proliferative response induced in D10.G4 cells by IL-1 + ionomycin but not that induced by IL-1 + PMA was sensitive to inhibition by FK-506 and CsA. In contrast, RAP inhibited equally well both types of stimulation. Finally, T cell proliferation driven by IL-2 or IL-4 was found to be relatively resistant to FK-506 or CsA but sensitive to RAP. Altogether, these data demonstrate that FK-506 and CsA alter similar calcium-associated events of T cell activation and block T cell proliferation primarily by suppressing lymphokine production. RAP interferes with a different set of events and inhibits T cells by impairing their response to growth-promoting lymphokines.
|
['Animals', 'Anti-Bacterial Agents', 'Cyclosporins', 'Hybridomas', 'Immunosuppressive Agents', 'Interleukin-2', 'Interleukin-4', 'Ionomycin', 'Lymphocyte Activation', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Polyenes', 'Receptors, Interleukin-2', 'Sirolimus', 'Tacrolimus', 'Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate']
| 1,688,572
|
[['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.122.085'], ['D04.345.566.235', 'D12.644.641.235'], ['A11.251.353.485', 'A11.251.600.485'], ['D27.505.696.477.656'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.021', 'D12.644.276.374.480.372', 'D12.776.467.374.465.021', 'D12.776.467.374.480.372', 'D23.529.374.465.155', 'D23.529.374.480.372'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.186', 'D12.776.467.374.465.178', 'D23.529.374.465.186'], ['D10.251.355.391'], ['E01.370.225.812.482', 'E05.200.812.482', 'E05.478.594.530', 'G12.450.050.400.545', 'G12.565'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['D02.455.326.271.665'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.852.420.320'], ['D02.540.505.760'], ['D02.540.505.810'], ['D02.455.849.291.500.510.850']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Pubertal development profile in patients with Turner syndrome.
|
INTRODUCTION: Puberty can be divided into two independent events: adrenarche and gonadarche. In healthy children, adrenarche is followed by gonadarche, but in patients with gonadal dysgenesis there is partial or complete dissociation between these two events.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the age and chronology of the development of secondary sexual characteristics and occurrence of these events and their relationship to the induction of puberty in patients with Turner syndrome (TS).MATERIALS AND METHODS: A descriptive analysis with historical records of the patients with clinical and cytogenetic TS was conducted. The following variables were recorded: karyotype; age of thelarche, pubarche, and menarche; occurrence of spontaneous puberty; maintenance of puberty or secondary failure; and the onset of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) with estrogen.RESULTS: We evaluated 123 medical charts. Seven (5.7%) patients were prepubertal, 10 (8.1%) had only pubarche, and 5 (4%) had only thelarche. Forty-seven (38.2%) patients entered puberty spontaneously. Among these, 35 (28.5%) remained in puberty, and 12 (9.8%) required subsequent HRT; 54 (44%) had puberty induced. Sixty-six (56.9%) patients had pubarche started before thelarche. Menarche occurred in 67 patients, spontaneously in 19. Pubarche spontaneously presented in 91 (78.4%) patients, and in 25 (21.5%) after HRT introduction.CONCLUSIONS: Spontaneous puberty occurred in approximately one-third of the patients. Pubarche was the first feature in most patients and about 20% showed pubarche only after estrogen therapy.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adrenarche', 'Child', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Menarche', 'Sexual Maturation', 'Turner Syndrome']
| 24,887,955
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['G08.686.760.204', 'G08.686.841.374.204'], ['M01.060.406'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G08.686.760.410', 'G08.686.841.374.410'], ['G07.345.750.750', 'G08.686.841.750'], ['C12.706.316.309.872', 'C12.706.316.795.750', 'C13.351.875.253.309.872', 'C13.351.875.253.795.750', 'C14.240.400.980', 'C14.280.400.980', 'C16.131.240.400.970', 'C16.131.260.830.835.750', 'C16.131.939.316.309.872', 'C16.131.939.316.795.750', 'C16.320.180.830.835.750', 'C19.391.119.309.872', 'C19.391.119.795.750']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Accessibility of tertiary hospitals in Finland: A comparison of administrative and normative catchment areas.
|
The determination of an appropriate catchment area for a hospital providing highly specialized (i.e. tertiary) health care is typically a trade-off between ensuring adequate client volumes and maintaining reasonable accessibility for all potential clients. This may pose considerable challenges, especially in sparsely inhabited regions. In Finland, tertiary health care is concentrated in five university hospitals, which provide services in their dedicated catchment areas. This study utilizes Geographic Information Systems (GIS), together with grid-based population data and travel-time estimates, to assess the spatial accessibility of these hospitals. The current geographical configuration of the hospitals is compared to a normative assignment, with and without capacity constraints. The aim is to define optimal catchment areas for tertiary hospitals so that their spatial accessibility is as equal as possible. The results indicate that relatively modest improvements can be achieved in accessibility by using normative assignment to determine catchment areas.
|
['Catchment Area, Health', 'Finland', 'Geographic Mapping', 'Health Services Accessibility', 'Humans', 'Tertiary Care Centers']
| 28,414,937
|
[['N01.224.791.200', 'N03.349.650.095', 'N06.850.505.400.800.200'], ['Z01.542.816.186'], ['E05.318.389', 'E05.318.740.933.249', 'N05.715.360.750.746.249', 'N06.850.520.830.933.249'], ['N04.590.374.350', 'N05.300.430'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N02.278.421.830']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
One-year follow-up using an intense pulsed light source for long-term hair removal.
|
BACKGROUND: The long-term removal of unwanted hair is a challenge for health care providers. Peer-reviewed scientific data for many of the hair removal laser systems is lacking.OBJECTIVE: This paper provides a chronicle of 24 of the 31 patients who participated in the original 3-month trial for hair removal utilizing an intense pulsed light source.METHODS: A total of 24 of the original 31 patients who took part in the one treatment, 3-month, intense pulsed light trial were examined again at 1 year following the treatment.RESULTS: Long-term epilation of 75% hair removal was found in this group of patients after 1 year with a single treatment.CONCLUSION: The intense pulsed light source is an effective method for providing long-term epilation of unwanted hair.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Hair Removal', 'Humans', 'Light Coagulation', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Skin']
| 11,360,413
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['E02.218.372'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.520.745', 'E04.350.750', 'E04.540.630'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['A17.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Unusual Merkel cell carcinoma of the eyelid.
|
Merkel cell carcinoma of the eyelid is a rare tumor with less than 100 reported cases worldwide. We describe an unusual presentation of Merkel cell carcinoma of the eyelid in a 60 year old Asian male. He presented with multiple left lower lid conjunctival nodules, intense conjunctival erythema, as well as ipsilateral cervical lymphadenopathy. An incisional biopsy diagnosed him with Merkel cell carcinoma with a PET scan showing distant metastatic disease. He was then treated with chemotherapy. The combination of a presentation of conjunctival nodules and erythema, location in the lower eyelid and the conjunctiva, the presence of metastatic disease on diagnosis as well as an unusual immunohistochemical profile make this an unusual case.
|
['Biomarkers, Tumor', 'Biopsy', 'Carcinoma, Merkel Cell', 'Diagnosis, Differential', 'Disease Progression', 'Eyelid Neoplasms', 'Humans', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Multimodal Imaging', 'Positron-Emission Tomography', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed']
| 22,681,577
|
[['D23.101.140'], ['E01.370.225.500.384.100', 'E01.370.225.998.054', 'E01.370.388.100', 'E04.074', 'E05.200.500.384.100', 'E05.200.998.054', 'E05.242.384.100'], ['C01.925.256.721.150', 'C01.925.928.216', 'C04.557.465.625.650.240.325', 'C04.557.470.200.025.370.325', 'C04.557.580.625.650.240.325'], ['E01.171'], ['C23.550.291.656'], ['C04.588.443.392.500', 'C11.319.421', 'C11.338.526'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.370.350.567'], ['E01.370.350.350.800.700', 'E01.370.350.600.350.800.399', 'E01.370.350.710.800.399', 'E01.370.350.825.800.399', 'E01.370.384.730.800.399'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Immunopathogenesis of HIV infection in cocaine users: role of arachidonic acid.
|
Arachidonic acid (AA) is known to be increased in HIV infected patients and illicit drug users are linked with severity of viral replication, disease progression, and impaired immune functions. Studies have shown that cocaine accelerates HIV infection and disease progression mediated by immune cells. Dendritic cells (DC) are the first line of antigen presentation and defense against immune dysfunction. However, the role of cocaine use in HIV associated acceleration of AA secretion and its metabolites on immature dendritic cells (IDC) has not been elucidated yet. The aim of this study is to elucidate the mechanism of AA metabolites cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), prostaglandin E2 synthetase (PGE2), thromboxane A2 receptor (TBXA2R), cyclopentenone prostaglandins (CyPG), such as 15-deoxy-Ä12,14-PGJ2 (15d-PGJ2), 14-3-3 æ/ä and 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) mediated induction of IDC immune dysfunctions in cocaine using HIV positive patients. The plasma levels of AA, PGE2, 15d-PGJ2, 14-3-3 æ/ä and IDC intracellular COX-2 and 5-LOX expression were assessed in cocaine users, HIV positive patients, HIV positive cocaine users and normal subjects. Results showed that plasma concentration levels of AA, PGE2 and COX-2, TBXA2R and 5-LOX in IDCs of HIV positive cocaine users were significantly higher whereas 15d-PGJ2 and 14-3-3 æ/ä were significantly reduced compared to either HIV positive subjects or cocaine users alone. This report demonstrates that AA metabolites are capable of mediating the accelerative effects of cocaine on HIV infection and disease progression.
|
['Adult', 'Arachidonic Acid', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Cocaine', 'Cyclooxygenase 2', 'Dendritic Cells', 'Dinoprostone', 'Drug Users', 'Female', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'HIV Infections', 'Humans', 'Intramolecular Oxidoreductases', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Prostaglandin D2', 'Prostaglandin-E Synthases']
| 25,171,226
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D10.251.355.255.100.100', 'D10.251.355.310.166.100'], ['A11.251'], ['D02.145.074.722.388', 'D03.132.889.354', 'D03.605.084.500.722.388', 'D03.605.869.388'], ['D08.811.600.720.750'], ['A11.066.270', 'A11.436.270', 'A15.382.066.270', 'A15.382.670.260'], ['D10.251.355.255.550.250.200', 'D23.469.050.175.725.250.200'], ['M01.169'], ['G05.308'], ['C01.221.250.875', 'C01.221.812.640.400', 'C01.778.640.400', 'C01.925.782.815.616.400', 'C01.925.813.400', 'C20.673.480'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D08.811.399.475'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D10.251.355.255.550.200.200', 'D23.469.050.175.725.200.200'], ['D08.811.399.475.600']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
[Study on effect of voltage-gated calcium channel protein in meridian tissue cells exciting conduction].
|
OBJECTIVE: To explore the material basis of conduction along meridian.METHODS: Sixty SD rats(30 males,30 females) were randomly assigned into a normal group,an acupuncture group,a verapamil blocking group and a 0.9%NaCl blocking group(control group),15 rats in each one. Fluo 3-AM(calcium fluorescence probe) was injected at the observation part in femoral stomach meridian of foot-yangming(meridian part) and the approaching femoral meridian part(non-meridian part) in the normal group and the acupuncture group,and then incubation was applied. In the verapamil blocking group,verapamil was injected at local meridian part and non-meridian part,and in the control group 0.9%NaCl was injected. Then Fluo 3-AM was injected at the meridian part and non-meridian part in the two groups,and incubation was implemented. Ca2+ imaging changes in cells were recorded for more than 20 min after injection of every part in each group respectively. After the above operations in the last three groups,acupuncture was used at "Zusanli"(ST 36) immediately,with electroacupuncture for one min,then Ca2+ imaging changes in cells at the meridian and non-meridian parts were recorded for more than 20 min.RESULTS: In the normal group, Ca2+ fluorescence intensity at the meridian part was higher than that at the non-meridian part. In the acupuncture group,after acupuncture Ca2+ fluorescence intensity at the meridian part was obviously higher than before,but the change before and after acupuncture was not apparent at the non-meridian part. After verapamil blocking local calcium channel and acupuncture,the Ca2+ fluorescence of the meridian part did not strengthen,and the change of that before and after acupuncture at the non-meridian part was not obvious. In the control group,after injecting 0.9%NaCl at local part,Ca2+ fluorescence intensities of the meridian and non-meridian parts showed no obvious change,so was that before and after acupuncture.CONCLUSIONS: The voltage-gated calcium channel at the meridian part is highly correlated with its tissue cells exciting conduction.
|
['Acupuncture Points', 'Animals', 'Calcium Channel Blockers', 'Calcium Channels', 'Electroacupuncture', 'Female', 'Male', 'Meridians', 'Random Allocation', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Verapamil']
| 29,231,525
|
[['E02.190.044.555.035'], ['B01.050'], ['D27.505.519.562.249', 'D27.505.696.260.500', 'D27.505.954.411.192'], ['D12.776.157.530.400.150', 'D12.776.543.550.450.150', 'D12.776.543.585.400.150'], ['E02.186.250', 'E02.190.044.244', 'E02.331.399', 'E02.779.468.399', 'E02.831.535.468.399', 'E03.091.823.500', 'E03.155.519'], ['E02.190.044.555', 'I01.076.201.450.654.558.520.300.500'], ['E05.318.370.700', 'E05.581.500.805', 'N05.715.360.325.675', 'N06.850.520.445.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['D02.092.471.683.953']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Intracardiac Embolized Prostate Brachytherapy Seeds: Imaging Features in Patients Undergoing Electrocardiogram-Gated Cardiac Computed Tomography.
|
OBJECTIVE: This study aims to provide the first description of the computed tomographic (CT) appearances of intracardiac embolized brachytherapy seeds in patients undergoing electrocardiogram (ECG)-gated cardiac CT.METHODS: The institutional Picture Archive and Communication System was searched for male patients who underwent enhanced ECG-gated cardiac CT, and reports were searched for the key words "metallic," "prostate," "brachytherapy," "radiation," "embolized," and "radioactive." Each study was identified and examined for an intracardiac metallic object conforming to the size of a prostate seed.RESULTS: Between January 01, 2005, and June 30, 2014, a total of 3206 male patients underwent ECG-gated cardiac CT. Five patients (0.15%) had a history of prostate cancer and an intracardiac metallic object with CT imaging characteristics consistent with an embolized prostate seed. In all 5 patients, the seeds were embedded in the trabeculations of the inferior aspect of the basal right ventricular free wall.CONCLUSIONS: Intracardiac embolized brachytherapy seeds appear as small objects with surrounding metallic artifact characteristically embedded in the inferior aspect of the basal right ventricular free wall.
|
['Aged', 'Brachytherapy', 'Cardiac-Gated Imaging Techniques', 'Foreign-Body Migration', 'Heart Injuries', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Prostatic Neoplasms', 'Prostheses and Implants', 'Radiation Injuries', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed']
| 27,096,397
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['E02.815.150'], ['E01.370.350.130.500'], ['C26.392.500'], ['C26.891.375'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04.588.945.440.770', 'C12.294.260.750', 'C12.294.565.625', 'C12.758.409.750'], ['E07.695'], ['C26.733', 'G01.750.748.500', 'N06.850.460.350.850.500', 'N06.850.810.300.360'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Species identification of Kachuga tecta using the cytochrome b gene.
|
A DNA technique has been established for the identification to species level of tortoises. The test on the shell of the animal was used to identify samples from the species Kachuga tecta. A total of 100 tortoise shell specimens collected from the National Council of Agriculture (COA), Taiwan, were used in this study. Primer pairs were designed to amplify partial DNA fragments of cytochrome b within the mitochondrial genome. The DNA data showed that among the 100 samples, there were four distinct haplotype DNA sequences, within which there were a total of 90 variable sites. Between haplotypes I and II, there was only 1 nucleotide difference at position 228. Between haplotypes I and III, 65 nucleotide differences were observed; haplotypes I and IV, 62 nucleotide differences; and haplotypes III and IV, 56 nucleotide differences were observed. There were 66 and 63 nucleotide differences between haplotypes II and III and haplotypes II and IV respectively. All four haplotypes were compared with the DNA sequences held at the GenBank and EMBL databases. The most similar species were K. tecta (haplotype I and II), Morenia ocellata (haplotype III) and Geoclemys hamiltonii (haplotype IV), and their respective mtDNA similarities were 99.5%, 99.3%, 89.9% and 99.5%. However, as haplotype III was only 89.9% homologous with M. ocellata, it would seem that this haplotype shows only a limited relationship with a similar species registered currently in these databases. The method established by this study is an additional method for the identification of samples protected under Convention International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) and will improve the work for the preservation of the endangered species.
|
['Animals', 'Conservation of Natural Resources', 'Cytochromes b', 'DNA Primers', 'DNA, Mitochondrial', 'Haplotypes', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Phylogeny', 'Species Specificity', 'Turtles']
| 16,423,223
|
[['B01.050'], ['J01.256', 'N06.230.080'], ['D08.244.187.249', 'D12.776.422.220.187.249'], ['D13.695.578.424.450.275', 'D27.720.470.530.600.223.600'], ['D13.444.308.283.225'], ['G05.380.360'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G05.697', 'G16.075.605', 'L01.100.697'], ['G16.824'], ['B01.050.150.900.833.848']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Inhibition of ERK1/2 pathway suppresses adiponectin secretion via accelerating protein degradation by Ubiquitin-proteasome system: relevance to obesity-related adiponectin decline.
|
OBJECTIVE: Predominantly secreted by adipose tissue, adiponectin possesses insulin-sensitizing, anti-atherogenic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-angiogenic properties. Paradoxically, obesity is associated with declined plasma adiponectin levels; however, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. In this study, we investigated the mechanistic involvement of MEK/ERK1/2 pathway in obesity-related adiponectin decrease.MATERIALS/METHODS: C57 BL/6 mice exposed to a high-fat diet (HFD) were employed as animal obesity model. Both fully-differentiated 3T3-L1 and mouse primary adipocytes were used in the in vitro experiments.RESULTS: Obesity and plasma adiponectin decline induced by prolonged HFD exposure were associated with suppressed ERK1/2 activation in adipose tissue. In adipocytes, specific inhibition of MEK/ERK1/2 pathway decreased intracellular and secretory adiponectin levels, whereas adiponectin gene expression was increased, suggesting that MEK/ERK1/2 inhibition may promote adiponectin protein degradation. Cycloheximide (CHX)-chase assay revealed that MEK/ERK1/2 inhibition accelerated adiponectin protein degradation, which was prevented by MG132, a potent proteasome inhibitor. Immunoprecipitation assay showed that intracellular MEK/ERK1/2 activity was negatively associated with ubiquitinated adiponectin protein levels. Consistently, long-term HFD feeing in mice increased ubiquitinated adiponectin levels in the epididymal fat pads.CONCLUSIONS: Adipose tissue MEK/ERK1/2 activity can differentially regulate adiponectin gene expression and protein abundance and its suppression in obesity may play a mechanistic role in obesity-related plasma adiponectin decline.
|
['3T3 Cells', 'Adiponectin', 'Adipose Tissue', 'Amino Acid Sequence', 'Animals', 'Blotting, Western', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Diet, High-Fat', 'Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay', 'Epididymis', 'Immunoprecipitation', 'MAP Kinase Signaling System', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Obesity', 'Oncogene Protein v-akt', 'PPAR gamma', 'Phosphorylation', 'Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex', 'Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Transfection', 'Ubiquitin']
| 23,490,586
|
[['A11.251.210.100', 'A11.329.228.100'], ['D06.472.699.042.249', 'D12.644.276.024.249', 'D12.644.548.011.249', 'D12.776.467.024.249', 'D23.529.024.249'], ['A10.165.114'], ['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['B01.050'], ['E05.196.401.143', 'E05.301.300.096', 'E05.478.566.320.200', 'E05.601.262', 'E05.601.470.320.200'], ['A11.251'], ['G07.203.650.240.267'], ['E05.478.566.350.170', 'E05.478.566.380.360', 'E05.478.583.400.170', 'E05.601.470.350.170', 'E05.601.470.380.360'], ['A05.360.444.371'], ['E05.196.150.639', 'E05.478.605'], ['G02.111.820.560', 'G03.493.560', 'G04.835.560'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['C18.654.726.500', 'C23.888.144.699.500', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120.699.500', 'G07.100.100.160.120.699.500'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.586', 'D12.776.624.664.520.750.788'], ['D12.776.826.239.588'], ['G02.111.665', 'G02.607.780', 'G03.796'], ['D05.500.562.500', 'D08.811.277.656.918', 'D08.811.600.730'], ['E05.393.620.500.706'], ['E05.393.350.810', 'G05.728.860'], ['D12.776.947.500']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Thyroid hormone action on intermediary metabolism. Part III. Protein metabolism in hyper- and hypothyroidism.
|
In their physiological concentrations, thyroid hormones stimulate the synthesis as well as the degradation of proteins, whereas in supraphysiological doses protein catabolism predominates. In hyperthyroidism skeletal muscle protein stores suffer depletion which is reflected by an increased urinary N- and methylhistidine -excretion. Due to the enhanced skeletal muscle amino acid release, the plasma concentration of glucoplastic amino acids are often enhanced, contributing by means of an elevated substrate supply to the increased hepatic gluconeogenesis. Thyroid hormone excess induces cardiac hypertrophy which is in direct contrast to the hypotroph skeletal muscle in hyperthyroid patients. Thyroid hormones stimulate a series of intracellular and secretory proteins in the liver, although in hyperthyroid liver alcohol dehydrogenase and the enzymes of histidine and tryptophan metabolism show reduced activities. The stimulatory effect is due to thyroid hormone-induced increase in the protein synthesis at a pretranslational level and is supported experimentally for malic enzyme, alpha 2u-globulin and albumin by the measurement of their specific messenger RNA activities. Thyroid hormone action at the cellular level is reflected by a generalized increase in total cellular RNA with a selective increase or decrease in a small population of specific mRNA. The activities of protein catabolizing lysosomal enzymes are stimulated by thyroid hormones; up to now effects of T3 on the degradation of specific enzymes have not been reported. Serum total protein concentration is slightly reduced or even unchanged in hyperthyroidism. The thyroid hormone-induced increase in the turnover of total body protein is part of the hypermetabolism observed in hyperthyroidism.
|
['Amino Acids', 'Cardiomegaly', 'Humans', 'Hyperthyroidism', 'Hypothyroidism', 'Liver', 'Metabolism', 'Muscles', 'Proteins', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Thyroid Hormones']
| 6,231,411
|
[['D12.125'], ['C14.280.195', 'C23.300.775.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C19.874.397'], ['C19.874.482'], ['A03.620'], ['G03'], ['A02.633', 'A10.690'], ['D12.776'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['D06.472.931']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Semi-parametric ROC regression analysis with placement values.
|
Advances in technology provide new diagnostic tests for early detection of disease. Frequently, these tests have continuous outcomes. One popular method to summarize the accuracy of such a test is the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve. Methods for estimating ROC curves have long been available. To examine covariate effects, Pepe (1997, 2000) and Alonzo and Pepe (2002) proposed distribution-free approaches based on a parametric regression model for the ROC curve. Cai and Pepe (2002) extended the parametric ROC regression model by allowing an arbitrary non-parametric baseline function. In this paper, while we follow the same semi-parametric setting as in that paper, we highlight a new estimator that offers several improvements over the earlier work: superior efficiency, the ability to estimate the covariate effects without estimating the non-parametric baseline function and easy implementation with standard software. The methodology is applied to a case control dataset where we evaluate the accuracy of the prostate-specific antigen as a biomarker for early detection of prostate cancer. Simulation studies suggest that the new estimator under the semi-parametric model, while always being more robust, has efficiency that is comparable to or better than the Alonzo and Pepe (2002) estimator from the parametric model.
|
['Case-Control Studies', 'Computer Simulation', 'Data Interpretation, Statistical', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Prostate-Specific Antigen', 'Prostatic Neoplasms', 'ROC Curve', 'Regression Analysis']
| 14,744,827
|
[['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['L01.224.160'], ['E05.245.380', 'E05.318.740.300', 'L01.313.500.750.190.380', 'N05.715.360.750.300', 'N06.850.520.830.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.370.800.650', 'N05.715.360.325.700.640', 'N06.850.520.445.800.650'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.760.442.750', 'D08.811.277.656.959.350.442.750', 'D12.776.866.249.500', 'D23.050.285.625', 'D23.101.140.625'], ['C04.588.945.440.770', 'C12.294.260.750', 'C12.294.565.625', 'C12.758.409.750'], ['E05.318.370.800.750', 'E05.318.740.872.750', 'N05.715.360.325.700.680', 'N06.850.520.445.800.750'], ['E05.318.740.750', 'N05.715.360.750.695', 'N06.850.520.830.750']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Effects of cold pressor test on circulating atrial natriuretic peptide 99-126 (ANP) in patients with Raynaud's phenomenon and influence of treatment with magnesium sulphate and nifedipine.
|
The effect of a standardized cold pressure test (CPT) on the venous concentration of immunoreactive atrial natriuretic peptide (irANP) was studied in 12 females with primary Raynaud's phenomenon (PRP) and 12 female age-matched controls. The test was performed at the end of three stages. During the first stage no medication was given. During the second stage a magnesium infusion was given. After fourteen days of medication with a calcium antagonist (Nifedipine) the third stage of the study was performed. The venous irANP increased significantly (P < 0.05) 10 min after the start of the CPT both in the PRP group and in the control group (136 +/- 39 to 159 +/- 54 and 153 +/- 45 to 179 +/- 40 pg ml-1, given as mean and SD). Baseline irANP did not change in the PRP group after treatment with magnesium or nifedipine. In the control group nifedipine treatment significantly (P < 0.01) lowered venous irANP compared to the no treatment or magnesium sulphate infusion stages (128 +/- 31 vs. 153 +/- 45 and 160 +/- 41 pg ml-1). After the CPT in both PRP group and control group the venous irANP did not increase either during magnesium sulphate infusion or nifedipine treatment. In conclusion the study has demonstrated that a standardized CPT results in a delayed increase in irANP in venous plasma and that magnesium sulphate infusion and nifedipine treatment prevent this increase. Furthermore, our data do not suggest a role for irANP in the symptomatology of primary Raynaud's phenomenon.
|
['Adult', 'Atrial Natriuretic Factor', 'Blood Pressure', 'Cold Temperature', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Magnesium Sulfate', 'Middle Aged', 'Nifedipine', 'Peptide Fragments', 'Pressure', 'Radioimmunoassay', 'Raynaud Disease']
| 8,519,163
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D06.472.699.584.500', 'D12.644.548.585.500'], ['E01.370.600.875.249', 'G09.330.380.076'], ['G01.906.595.272', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710.300', 'G16.500.750.775.710.300', 'N06.230.300.100.725.154', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D01.524.550', 'D01.875.800.800.850.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D03.383.725.203.540'], ['D12.644.541'], ['G01.374.715'], ['E01.370.384.700', 'E05.478.566.639', 'E05.601.470.639'], ['C14.907.617.812']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Transcriptome analysis of atemoya pericarp elucidates the role of polysaccharide metabolism in fruit ripening and cracking after harvest.
|
BACKGROUND: Mature fruit cracking during the normal season in African Pride (AP) atemoya is a major problem in postharvest storage. Our current understanding of the molecular mechanism underlying fruit cracking is limited. The aim of this study was to unravel the role starch degradation and cell wall polysaccharide metabolism in fruit ripening and cracking after harvest through transcriptome analysis.RESULTS: Transcriptome analysis of AP atemoya pericarp from cracking fruits of ethylene treatments and controls was performed. KEGG pathway analysis revealed that the starch and sucrose metabolism pathway was significantly enriched, and approximately 39 DEGs could be functionally annotated, which included starch, cellulose, pectin, and other sugar metabolism-related genes. Starch, protopectin, and soluble pectin contents among the different cracking stages after ethylene treatment and the controls were monitored. The results revealed that ethylene accelerated starch degradation, inhibited protopectin synthesis, and enhanced the soluble pectin content, compared to the control, which coincides with the phenotype of ethylene-induced fruit cracking. Key genes implicated in the starch, pectin, and cellulose degradation were further investigated using RT-qPCR analysis. The results revealed that alpha-amylase 1 (AMY1), alpha-amylase 3 (AMY3), beta-amylase 1 (BAM1), beta-amylase 3 (BAM3), beta-amylase 9 (BAM9), pullulanase (PUL), and glycogen debranching enzyme (glgX), were the major genes involved in starch degradation. AMY1, BAM3, BAM9, PUL, and glgX all were upregulated and had higher expression levels with ethylene treatment compared to the controls, suggesting that ethylene treatment may be responsible for accelerating starch degradation. The expression profile of alpha-1,4-galacturonosyltransferase (GAUT) and granule-bound starch synthase (GBSS) coincided with protopectin content changes and could involve protopectin synthesis. Pectinesterase (PE), polygalacturonase (PG), and pectate lyase (PEL) all involved in pectin degradation; PE was significantly upregulated by ethylene and was the key enzyme implicated pectin degradation.CONCLUSION: Both KEGG pathway enrichment analysis of DEGs and material content analysis confirmed that starch decomposition into soluble sugars and cell wall polysaccharides metabolism are closely related to the ripening and cracking of AP atemoya. A link between gene up- or downregulation during different cracking stages of atemoya fruits and how their expression affects starch and pectin contents were established by RT-qPCR analysis.
|
['Annona', 'Ethylenes', 'Fruit', 'Gene Expression Profiling', 'Genes, Plant', 'Metabolic Networks and Pathways', 'Plant Growth Regulators', 'Polysaccharides']
| 31,132,986
|
[['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.065.500'], ['D02.455.326.271.367'], ['A18.024.500', 'G07.203.300.562', 'J02.500.562'], ['E05.393.332'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.393', 'G05.360.340.365.500'], ['G03.493'], ['D27.505.696.377.760'], ['D09.698']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Revascularization as a means of reducing sudden death.
|
From this brief overview the arguments have become clear why further studies are needed to verify that the problem of unnecessary sudden cardiac death can best be tackled by a strategy aimed at early and complete revascularization. Whether such a strategy begins with intravenous injection of rt-PA at home or requires subsequent intracoronary manipulation when obstruction persists, whether by thrombolysis with other agents, PTCA or bypass surgery, is in itself a moot point. The main aim should be to offer this strategy as the best chance to reduce the unnecessary sudden death rate which presently accounts for between 25 and 50% of all cardiac deaths. This approach deserves consideration particularly since earlier approaches employing cardioprotective efforts by beta blockade or by anti arrhythmic agents have patently shown that they cannot tackle the problem in a convincing manner.
|
['Angina Pectoris', 'Angioplasty, Balloon', 'Coronary Disease', 'Coronary Vessels', 'Death, Sudden', 'Humans', 'Myocardial Infarction', 'Myocardial Revascularization', 'Streptokinase']
| 2,941,302
|
[['C14.280.647.187', 'C14.907.585.187', 'C23.888.592.612.233.500'], ['E02.148.050.060', 'E04.100.814.529.124.060', 'E04.502.382.124.060', 'E05.157.016.060'], ['C14.280.647.250', 'C14.907.585.250'], ['A07.015.114.269', 'A07.015.908.194'], ['C23.550.260.322'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C14.280.647.500', 'C14.907.585.500', 'C23.550.513.355.750', 'C23.550.717.489.750'], ['E04.100.376.719', 'E04.928.220.520'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.775', 'D12.776.124.125.662.537']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Immunisation against plague by transcutaneous and intradermal application of subunit antigens.
|
We have investigated immunological responses in BALB/c mice following transcutaneous (TC) delivery of fraction 1 (F1) and V subunits from Yersinia pestis in conjunction with an enterotoxin-derived adjuvant (cholera toxin, CT). It was found that two or more TC applications of F1 and V subunits (admixed with cholera toxin) served to elicit significant levels of anti-F1 and V antibodies in the serum of immunised mice. IL-6 secretion from cultured splenocytes derived from immunised mice indicated that a single TC application of F1 and V subunits (admixed with cholera toxin) conferred a cell-mediated response. As compared with intranasal or direct intradermal injection of F1 and V, the numbers of F1/V-specific antibody-forming cells in the spleens of animals immunised by TC application of F1 and V (admixed with CT) was relatively low. It was noted that TC application of F1 and V admixed with CT was very effective for priming responses that were boosted by intranasal or intradermal routes. Similarly, it was found that TC application of F1 and V admixed with CT could be used to efficiently boost pre-existing responses engendered by intradermal injection or intranasal instillation of F1 and V. In order to assess if TC application of F1 and V admixed with CT could protect experimental animals from plague, immunised mice were injected with a virulent strain of Y. pestis. It was found that two TC applications of F1 and V admixed with CT conferred only limited protection against 10(2) MLDs. However, three TC applications of F1 and V admixed with CT conferred solid protection against 10(2) MLDs. Hence we have shown, for the first time, that TC application of F1 and V admixed with CT can protect animals against challenge with a virulent strain of plague causing bacteria. These data suggest that transcutaneous immunisation may be a simple and non-invasive method for immunising individuals against plague.
|
['Adjuvants, Immunologic', 'Administration, Cutaneous', 'Animals', 'Antibodies, Bacterial', 'Antibody Specificity', 'Antigens, Bacterial', 'Cell Separation', 'Cholera Toxin', 'Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay', 'Female', 'Immunization', 'Injections, Intradermal', 'Interferon-gamma', 'Interleukin-5', 'Interleukin-6', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred BALB C', 'Plague', 'Plague Vaccine', 'Spleen', 'Vaccines, Synthetic']
| 15,474,730
|
[['D27.505.696.477.067'], ['E02.319.267.120.060'], ['B01.050'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.107', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.125', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.125'], ['G12.100'], ['D23.050.161'], ['E01.370.225.500.363', 'E05.200.500.363', 'E05.242.363'], ['D08.811.913.400.725.115.180', 'D23.946.123.194', 'D23.946.330.150'], ['E05.478.566.350.170', 'E05.478.566.380.360', 'E05.478.583.400.170', 'E05.601.470.350.170', 'E05.601.470.380.360'], ['E02.095.465.425.400', 'E05.478.550', 'N02.421.726.758.310', 'N06.850.780.200.425', 'N06.850.780.680.310'], ['E02.319.267.530.620.410'], ['D12.644.276.374.440.893', 'D12.644.276.374.480.615.350', 'D12.776.467.374.440.893', 'D12.776.467.374.480.615.350', 'D23.529.374.440.893', 'D23.529.374.480.615.350'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.202', 'D12.776.467.374.465.186', 'D23.529.374.465.202'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.224', 'D12.776.467.374.465.202', 'D23.529.374.465.224'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.338', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.338'], ['C01.150.252.400.310.980.390', 'C01.920.906'], ['D20.215.894.135.609'], ['A10.549.700', 'A15.382.520.604.700'], ['D12.776.828.868', 'D20.215.894.865', 'D23.050.865']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Exploratory behavior is associated with plasma carotenoid accumulation in two congeneric species of waterfowl.
|
Recently, carotenoid pigments have received considerable attention as modulators of animal health and performance. While studies show that elevated carotenoid intake and accumulation can influence activities like parental care and escape-flight performance, little is known of how carotenoid status influences the expression of animal personality traits, which can be energy-demanding and entail survival costs but also rewarding in the context of foraging and mating. We experimentally investigated the effects of carotenoid availability on exploratory behavior and activity level, using adult males and females of two species of waterfowl: mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) and northern pintail (Anas acuta). We assessed behavior using a novel-environment test designed to measure an individual's response to novel objects and a potential predator threat (fox urine scent). We found that carotenoid availability was positively associated with some aspects of exploratory behavior: birds with higher concentrations of circulating carotenoids entered the test arena sooner and approached and entered predator-scented bedding material more frequently than birds with low carotenoid concentrations. These results suggest that the availability of carotenoid resources can influence personality traits in waterfowl, and we discuss putative physiological mechanisms underlying this effect.
|
['Animals', 'Behavior, Animal', 'Carotenoids', 'Ducks', 'Exploratory Behavior', 'Female', 'Male', 'Motor Activity', 'Personality', 'Species Specificity']
| 25,898,784
|
[['B01.050'], ['F01.145.113'], ['D02.455.326.271.665.202', 'D02.455.426.392.368.367.379.249', 'D02.455.849.131', 'D23.767.261'], ['B01.050.150.900.248.050.200', 'B01.050.150.900.248.690.345'], ['F01.145.387', 'F01.658.370'], ['F01.145.632', 'G11.427.410.698'], ['F01.752'], ['G16.824']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Induction of gamma-globin mRNA, erythroid differentiation and apoptosis in UVA-irradiated human erythroid cells in the presence of furocumarin derivatives.
|
Psoralens, also known as furocoumarins, are a class of photosensitizers largely used in the therapy of various skin diseases. In this study we have evaluated the combined effects of UVA irradiation and furocoumarins derivatives on (a) erythroid differentiation and apoptosis of human leukemia K562 cells and (b) globin gene expression in cultures of human erythroid progenitors derived from the peripheral blood. To prove the activity of a series of linear and angular furocoumarins derivatives, we employed the human leukemia K562 cell line and the two-phase liquid culture procedure for growing erythroid progenitors. Quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase-chain assay (Q-RT-PCR) was employed for quantification of the accumulation of globin mRNAs. The results obtained demonstrate that both linear and angular furocoumarins are strong inducers of erythroid differentiation of K562 cells. From a preliminary screening, we have selected two derivatives, 5-methoxypsoralen (5-MOP) and trimethylangelicin (TMA), for which we have investigated their mechanism of action. The cell cycle analysis showed that these derivatives induce, after irradiation, a cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase, followed by apoptosis. Mitochondrial depolarisation and caspases activation seem to be involved in the mechanism of cell death. In erythroid precursor cells, psoralens in combination with UVA irradiation, stimulate at very low concentrations a preferential increase of gamma-globin mRNA. Altogether, these data suggest that psoralen derivatives warrant further evaluation as potential therapeutic drugs in beta-thalassemia and sickle cell anemia.
|
['Apoptosis', 'Cell Cycle', 'Cell Differentiation', 'DNA Damage', 'Erythroid Cells', 'Flow Cytometry', 'Furocoumarins', 'Gene Expression', 'Gene Expression Profiling', 'Globins', 'Humans', 'K562 Cells', 'Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial', 'Phosphatidylserines', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Reactive Oxygen Species', 'Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Ultraviolet Rays']
| 18,022,602
|
[['G04.146.954.035'], ['G04.144'], ['G04.152'], ['G05.200'], ['A11.443'], ['E01.370.225.500.363.342', 'E01.370.225.500.386.350', 'E05.196.712.516.600.240.350', 'E05.200.500.363.342', 'E05.200.500.386.350', 'E05.242.363.342', 'E05.242.386.350'], ['D03.383.663.283.446.794', 'D03.633.100.150.446.794', 'D03.633.300.770'], ['G05.297'], ['E05.393.332'], ['D12.776.422.316'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A11.251.210.190.510', 'A11.251.860.180.510', 'A11.443.240.497.480'], ['G03.295.770.500', 'G04.580.550', 'G07.265.675.550'], ['D10.570.755.375.760.400.971'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['D01.339.431', 'D01.650.775'], ['E05.393.620.500.725'], ['G01.358.500.505.650.891', 'G01.590.540.891', 'G01.750.250.650.891', 'G01.750.750.659', 'G01.750.770.578.891', 'G16.500.275.063.725.525.600', 'G16.500.750.775.525.600', 'N06.230.300.100.725.525.600']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Temperature-dependent specific transport of levofloxacin in human intestinal epithelial LS180 cells.
|
It was reported previously that specific levofloxacin uptake in Caco-2 cells was inhibited by nicotine, enalapril, L-carnitine and fexofenadine. The aim of the present study was to characterize the cellular uptake of levofloxacin using another human intestinal cell line, LS180. Levofloxacin uptake in LS180 cells was temperature-dependent and optimal at neutral pH, but was Na(+)-independent. The rank order of inhibitory effects of the four compounds on [(14)C] levofloxacin uptake in LS180 cells was nicotine>enalapril>L-carnitine>fexofenadine, which is consistent with that in Caco-2 cells. The mRNA levels of OATP1A2, 1B1, 1B3 and 2B1 in LS180 cells were markedly different from those in Caco-2 cells, and OATP substrates/inhibitors had no systematic effect on the levofloxacin uptake. The mRNA levels of OCTN1 and 2 in LS180 cells were similar to those in Caco-2 cells. However, the inhibitory effect of nicotine on L-[(3)H]carnitine uptake was much less potent than that of unlabeled L-carnitine. These results indicate that the specific uptake system for levofloxacin in LS180 cells is identical/similar to that in Caco-2 cells, but that OATPs and OCTNs contribute little to levofloxacin uptake in the human intestinal epithelial cells.
|
['ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1', 'Antiviral Agents', 'Biological Transport', 'Caco-2 Cells', 'Carnitine', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Epithelial Cells', 'Humans', 'Intestinal Absorption', 'Intestinal Mucosa', 'Intestines', 'Levofloxacin', 'Ofloxacin', 'Temperature', 'Time Factors']
| 19,725,017
|
[['D12.776.157.530.100.075.063', 'D12.776.157.530.450.074.500.500.250.125', 'D12.776.395.550.020.400.153', 'D12.776.543.550.192.400.153', 'D12.776.543.585.100.200.125', 'D12.776.543.585.450.074.500.500.250.125'], ['D27.505.954.122.388'], ['G03.143'], ['A11.251.210.190.160', 'A11.251.860.180.160', 'A11.436.140'], ['D02.092.877.883.099'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['A11.436'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G03.015.500.374.500', 'G03.787.024.500.374.500', 'G07.203.650.372.500', 'G07.690.725.015.500.374.500', 'G10.261.353.500'], ['A03.556.124.369', 'A10.615.550.444'], ['A03.556.124'], ['D03.633.100.810.835.322.500.500'], ['D03.633.100.810.835.322.500'], ['G01.906.595', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710', 'G16.500.750.775.710', 'N06.230.150.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Executive Summary: The 2018 Academic Emergency Medicine Consensus Conference: Aligning the Pediatric Emergency Medicine Research Agenda to Reduce Health Outcome Gaps.
|
Emergency care providers share a compelling interest in developing an effective patient-centered, outcomes-based research agenda that can decrease variability in pediatric outcomes. The 2018 Academic Emergency Medicine Consensus Conference "Aligning the Pediatric Emergency Medicine Research Agenda to Reduce Health Outcome Gaps (AEMCC)" aimed to fulfill this role. This conference convened major thought leaders and stakeholders to introduce a research, scholarship, and innovation agenda for pediatric emergency care specifically to reduce health outcome gaps. Planning committee and conference participants included emergency physicians, pediatric emergency physicians, pediatricians, and researchers with expertise in research dissemination and translation, as well as comparative effectiveness, in collaboration with patients, patient and family advocates from national advocacy organizations, and trainees. Topics that were explored and deliberated through subcommittee breakout sessions led by content experts included 1) pediatric emergency medical services research, 2) pediatric emergency medicine (PEM) research network collaboration, 3) PEM education for emergency medicine providers, 4) workforce development for PEM, and 5) enhancing collaboration across emergency departments (PEM practice in non-children's hospitals). The work product of this conference is a research agenda that aims to identify areas of future research, innovation, and scholarship in PEM.
|
['Child', 'Consensus Development Conferences as Topic', 'Emergency Medicine', 'Emergency Service, Hospital', 'Health Services Research', 'Humans', 'Patient Outcome Assessment', 'Pediatric Emergency Medicine']
| 30,461,127
|
[['M01.060.406'], ['L01.178.682.759.150', 'N03.540.199.205'], ['H02.403.250'], ['N02.278.216.500.968.336', 'N02.421.297.195', 'N04.452.442.452.422.336'], ['H01.770.644.145.360', 'N03.349.380', 'N05.425'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N04.761.559.590.399', 'N05.715.360.575.575.399'], ['H02.403.250.500', 'H02.403.670.450']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Epidemiology of hand, foot and mouth disease in China, 2008 to 2015 prior to the introduction of EV-A71 vaccine.
|
INTRODUCTION: Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is usually caused by several serotypes from human enterovirus A species, including enterovirus 71 (EV-A71) and coxsackievirus A16 (CV-A16). Two inactivated monovalent EV-A71 vaccines have been recently licensed in China and monovalent CV-A16 vaccine and bivalent EV-A71 and CV-A16 vaccine are under development.METHODS: Using notifications from the national surveillance system, we describe the epidemiology and dynamics of HFMD in the country, before the introduction of EV-A71 vaccination, from 2008 through 2015.RESULTS: Laboratory-identified serotype categories, i.e. CV-A16, EV-A71 and other enteroviruses, circulated annually. EV-A71 remained the most virulent serotype and was the major serotype for fatal cases (range: 88.5-95.4%) and severe cases (range: 50.7-82.3%) across years. Except for 2013 and 2015, when other enteroviruses were more frequently found in mild HFMD (48.8% and 52.5%), EV-A71 was more frequently detected from mild cases in the rest of the years covered by the study (range: 39.4-52.6%). The incidence rates and severity risks of HFMD associated with all serotype categories were the highest for children aged 1 year and younger, and decreased with increasing age.DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION: This study provides baseline epidemiology for evaluation of vaccine impact and potential serotype replacement.
|
['Age Distribution', 'Child, Preschool', 'China', 'Disease Notification', 'Enterovirus', 'Enterovirus A, Human', 'Enterovirus Infections', 'Female', 'Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Male', 'Seasons', 'Serogroup', 'Sex Distribution']
| 29,258,646
|
[['I01.240.050', 'N01.224.033', 'N06.850.505.400.050'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['Z01.252.474.164'], ['E05.318.362', 'N06.850.520.373', 'N06.850.780.200.262'], ['B04.820.578.750.284'], ['B04.820.578.750.284.180'], ['C01.925.782.687.359'], ['C01.925.782.687.359.213.331'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['G01.910.645.661', 'G16.500.275.071.590', 'N06.230.300.100.250.525'], ['G05.695.825'], ['I01.240.800', 'N01.224.803', 'N06.850.505.400.850']]
|
['Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Cloning, sequencing, and overexpression of the genes encoding coenzyme B12-dependent glycerol dehydratase of Citrobacter freundii.
|
The genes encoding coenzyme B12-dependent glycerol dehydratase of Citrobacter freundii were cloned and overexpressed in Escherichia coli. The B12-free enzyme was purified to homogeneity. It consists of three types of subunits whose N-terminal sequences are in accordance with those deduced from the open reading frames dhaB, dhaC, and dhaE, coding for subunits of 60,433 (alpha), 21,487 (beta), and 16,121 (gamma) Da, respectively. The enzyme complex has the composition alpha2beta2gamma2. Amino acid alignments with the subunits of the recently sequenced diol dehydratase of Klebsiella oxytoca (T. Tobimatsu, T. Hara, M. Sakaguchi, Y. Kishimoto, Y. Wada, M. Isoda, T. Sakai, and T. Toraya, J. Biol. Chem. 270:7142-7148, 1995) revealed identities between 51.8 and 70.9%.
|
['Bacterial Proteins', 'Chromatography, Affinity', 'Citrobacter freundii', 'Cloning, Molecular', 'Cobamides', 'Escherichia coli', 'Genes, Bacterial', 'Hydro-Lyases', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Protein Conformation', 'Recombinant Proteins', 'Sequence Analysis, DNA', 'Sequence Homology, Amino Acid', 'Species Specificity']
| 8,824,629
|
[['D12.776.097'], ['E05.196.181.400.170'], ['B03.440.450.425.200.275', 'B03.660.250.150.100.210'], ['E05.393.220'], ['D03.383.129.578.840.437.777.270', 'D03.633.400.909.437.777.270', 'D04.345.783.437.777.270', 'D08.211.175'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.364.249', 'G05.360.340.358.024.249', 'G05.360.340.358.207.249'], ['D08.811.520.241.300'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G02.111.570.820.709'], ['D12.776.828'], ['E05.393.760.700'], ['G02.111.810.200', 'G05.810.200'], ['G16.824']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Characterization of interactions between a two-component response regulator, Spo0F, and its phosphatase, RapB.
|
The phosphorelay signal transduction pathway controls sporulation initiation in Bacillus subtilis. Transfer of a phosphoryl group from multiple kinases (KinA and KinB) through a single domain response regulator homologue (Spo0F), a phosphotransferase (Spo0B), and ultimately to a transcriptional regulator, (Spo0A) activates sporulation. Counteracting this response are phosphatases (RapA and RapB), which can short-circuit this phosphorelay via dephosphorylation of Spo0F. In vitro assays of RapB activity on phosphorylated Spo0F alanine-scanning mutants have been used to identify Spo0F residues critical for interactions between these proteins. The Spo0F surface comprised of the beta1-alpha1 loop and N-terminal half of helix alpha1 has the largest number of residues in which an alanine substitution leads to resistance or decreased sensitivity to RapB phosphatase activity. Other mutations desensitizing Spo0F to RapB are also located near the site of phosphorylation on the beta3-alpha3 and beta4-alpha4 loops. This surface is similar to but not the same as the surface identified for KinA and Spo0B interactions with Spo0F. Divalent metal ions were shown to be required for RapB activity, and this activity was insensitive to vanadate, suggesting that Rap phosphatases catalyze acyl phosphate hydrolysis by inducing conformational changes in phosphorylated Spo0F, which results in increased autodephosphorylation. Arginine 16 of Spo0F is proposed to play a role in catalysis, and similarities between the mechanisms for RapB catalyzed Spo0F approximately P hydrolysis and GAP (GTPase activating protein)-assisted GTP hydrolysis of Ras are discussed.
|
['Alanine', 'Amino Acid Substitution', 'Bacillus subtilis', 'Bacterial Proteins', 'Catalysis', 'Cations, Divalent', 'Drug Resistance, Microbial', 'Lysine', 'Metals', 'Models, Molecular', 'Mutagenesis, Site-Directed', 'Peptide Fragments', 'Phosphoprotein Phosphatases', 'Phosphorylation', 'Protein Structure, Secondary', 'Signal Transduction', 'Spores, Bacterial', 'Tyrosine']
| 9,843,420
|
[['D12.125.042'], ['E05.393.420.601.035', 'G05.558.109'], ['B03.300.390.400.158.218.725', 'B03.353.500.100.218.725', 'B03.510.100.100.218.725', 'B03.510.415.400.158.218.725', 'B03.510.460.410.158.218.725'], ['D12.776.097'], ['G02.130'], ['D01.248.497.300.333'], ['G06.225', 'G07.690.773.984.269'], ['D12.125.068.555', 'D12.125.095.647', 'D12.125.142.497'], ['D01.552'], ['E05.599.595'], ['E05.393.420.601.575'], ['D12.644.541'], ['D08.811.277.352.650.625'], ['G02.111.665', 'G02.607.780', 'G03.796'], ['G02.111.570.820.709.600'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['A11.870.700', 'B05.775.700'], ['D12.125.072.050.875']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Expression of the tuberous sclerosis complex gene products, hamartin and tuberin, in central nervous system tissues.
|
Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a common genetic disorder in which affected individuals can develop mental retardation, developmental brain defects, and seizures. Two genetic loci are responsible for TSC: TSC1 on chromosome 9q and TSC2 on chromosome 16p. Here, we report our analysis of TSC1 (hamartin) and TSC2 (tuberin) protein expression in the central nervous system (CNS). Both tuberin and hamartin are expressed in neurons and astrocytes where they physically interact. In the mouse cerebellum in vivo, tuberin predominantly localizes to the perinuclear region of the Purkinje cell, whereas hamartin is distributed along neuronal or astrocytic processes. In contrast, both hamartin and tuberin demonstrate similar neuronal expression patterns in pure neuronal cultures in vitro. Additionally, hamartin is highly expressed in astrocytes in mixed neuron-glia cultures in vitro, suggesting that hamartin may be important for astrocyte growth control. Unlike tuberin, loss of hamartin expression was not observed in sporadic astrocytomas. These results suggest that tuberin and hamartin may differentially contribute to the CNS pathology in TSC.
|
['Animals', 'Astrocytoma', 'Brain Neoplasms', 'Central Nervous System', 'Humans', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Mice', 'Proteins', 'Repressor Proteins', 'Tuberous Sclerosis', 'Tuberous Sclerosis Complex 1 Protein', 'Tuberous Sclerosis Complex 2 Protein', 'Tumor Cells, Cultured', 'Tumor Suppressor Proteins']
| 10,663,963
|
[['B01.050'], ['C04.557.465.625.600.380.080', 'C04.557.470.670.380.080', 'C04.557.580.625.600.380.080'], ['C04.588.614.250.195', 'C10.228.140.211', 'C10.551.240.250'], ['A08.186'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['D12.776'], ['D12.776.260.703', 'D12.776.930.780'], ['C04.445.810', 'C04.651.800', 'C04.700.700', 'C10.500.507.400.750', 'C10.562.850', 'C10.574.500.865', 'C16.131.666.507.400.750', 'C16.320.400.880', 'C16.320.700.700'], ['D12.644.360.925', 'D12.776.476.932', 'D12.776.624.776.766'], ['D12.644.360.938', 'D12.776.476.935', 'D12.776.624.776.769'], ['A11.251.860'], ['D12.776.624.776']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Polydatin improves the developmental competence of bovine embryos in vitro via induction of sirtuin 1 (Sirt1).
|
The aim of the present study was to investigate the beneficial effect of polydatin (PD), the glycoside form of resveratrol, on embryo development in vitro. Oocytes were aspirated from ovaries of Korean Hanwoo cows and cultured until Day 8 in a humidified atmosphere of 5% CO2 in air at 38.5°C. Protein and gene expression levels were determined through confocal microscopy and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction respectively, whereas the number of total and apoptotic cells in Day 8 blastocysts was determined using Hoechst 33342 staining and terminal deoxyribonucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-digoxigenin nick end-labelling. Of the different concentrations of PD (0.5, 1.0 and 2.0µM) added to the IVM medium, only 1.0µM PD significantly improved blastocyst development. Immunofluorescence analysis confirmed that protein levels of sirtuin 1 (Sirt1) increased significantly (P<0.05) after PD treatment, whereas levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were significantly (P<0.05) decreased, as evidenced by reductions in 8-oxoguanine immunoreactivity. Similarly, protein levels of nuclear factor (NF)-êB and cyclo-oxygenase (COX)-2 were significantly (P<0.05) lower in the PD-treated group than in the control group. Treatment with 1.0µM PD reduced gene expression of BCL2-associated X protein, inducible nitric oxide synthase, COX2 and Nfkb, but increased the expression of Sirt1, supporting the immunofluorescence data. PD possesses antioxidant activity and is useful for embryo development in vitro. We conclude that supplementation of IVM medium with PD improves embryo developmental competence via Sirt1.
|
['Animals', 'Apoptosis', 'Cattle', 'Embryo Culture Techniques', 'Embryonic Development', 'Glucosides', 'Oxidative Stress', 'Reactive Oxygen Species', 'Sirtuin 1', 'Stilbenes']
| 28,193,316
|
[['B01.050'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['E05.481.500.468'], ['G07.345.500.325.180', 'G08.686.784.170.104'], ['D09.408.348'], ['G03.673', 'G07.775.750'], ['D01.339.431', 'D01.650.775'], ['D08.811.277.087.520.200.650.100', 'D12.776.476.900.100'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.150.700']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
TLR2-induced cytokine responses may characterize HIV-infected patients experiencing mycobacterial immune restoration disease.
|
OBJECTIVES: Most HIV patients who experience Mycobacterium tuberculosis-associated immune restoration disease (TB IRD) display elevated interferon-gamma (IFNã) responses against mycobacterial antigens, but these can occur without an IRD. Recognition of mycobacteria-associated molecular patterns through toll-like receptors (TLRs) on dendritic cells and monocytes induces cytokine production. Here, we investigate TLR-induced responses in IRD.DESIGN: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were collected at approximately weeks 0, 6, 12, 24 and 48 after antiretroviral therapy from five patients experiencing TB IRD, nine matched non-IRD patients and 15 healthy controls.METHODS: IFNã production by PBMC stimulated with protein purified derivative (PPD) was assessed by ELISpot. TLR2 expression on myeloid dendritic cells (mDCs) and monocytes was assessed by flow cytometry. TNFá, IL-12p40 and IL-10 were measured by ELISA in 24-h cultures of PBMC with lipomannan (mycobacteria-derived TLR2 agonist).RESULTS: TLR2 expression on mDC and monocytes was higher in patients than controls at baseline (P < 0.005). TLR2 expression decreased to normal levels on mDC by week 12, but remained higher on monocytes at week 24 (P = 0.02). At week 24, IRD patients showed higher IFNã responses to PPD (P = 0.02), TLR2 expression on monocytes (P = 0.006) and lipomannan-induced TNFá production (P = 0.016) than non-IRD patients. Lipomannan-induced TNFá and IL-12p40 responses paralleled TB IRD in the patients with high TLR2 expression. IL-10 levels did not associate with IRD.CONCLUSION: TLR2-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines by dendritic cells or monocytes may contribute to the pathogenesis of mycobacterial IRD.
|
['AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections', 'Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active', 'Female', 'HIV Infections', 'HIV-1', 'Humans', 'Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome', 'Leukocytes, Mononuclear', 'Male', 'Mycobacterium Infections', 'T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory', 'Toll-Like Receptors', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Viral Load']
| 21,610,488
|
[['C01.221.250.875.100', 'C01.597.050', 'C01.610.684.050', 'C01.925.597.050', 'C01.925.782.815.616.400.100', 'C20.673.480.100'], ['E02.319.310.075'], ['C01.221.250.875', 'C01.221.812.640.400', 'C01.778.640.400', 'C01.925.782.815.616.400', 'C01.925.813.400', 'C20.673.480'], ['B04.820.650.589.650.350.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C20.608'], ['A11.118.637.555', 'A15.145.229.637.555', 'A15.382.490.555'], ['C01.150.252.410.040.552'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.550.500.700', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.200.700', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.500.700', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.550.500.700', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.200.700', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.500.700', 'A15.382.490.555.567.550.500.700', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.200.700', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.500.700'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.910.500'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['E01.370.225.875.950', 'E05.200.875.950', 'G06.920.850']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Glaucoma drops control intraocular pressure and protect optic nerves in a rat model of glaucoma.
|
PURPOSE: To determine whether chronic topical glaucoma therapy can control intraocular pressure (IOP) and protect nerve fibers in a rat model of pressure-induced optic nerve damage.METHODS: Sixteen adult Brown Norway rats were-administered unilateral episcleral vein injections of hypertonic saline to produce scarring of the aqueous humor outflow pathways. Twice daily applications of either artificial tears (n = 6), 0.5% betaxolol (n = 5), or 0.5% apraclonidine (n = 5) were delivered to both eyes, and awake pressures were monitored with a TonoPen XL tonometer for 17 days before the rats were killed.RESULTS: For animals administered artificial tears, the mean IOP of the experimental eyes was 39 +/- 2 mm Hg compared with 29 +/- 1 mm Hg for the control eyes. This difference was statistically significant (P < 0.001). Mean IOPs in the experimental eyes of animals administered betaxolol and apraclonidine were 29 +/- 7 and 29 +/- 4 mm Hg, respectively, whereas the mean IOP in the control eyes was 28 +/- 1 mm Hg for both groups. There was no statistically significant difference among these values. The mean IOP for the experimental eyes in the betaxolol and apraclonidine groups was lower than that in animals administered artificial tears (P = 0.003). Quantitative histologic analysis of optic nerve damage in experimental eyes showed that four of the six animals administered artificial tears had damage involving 100% of the neural area. This degree of damage appeared in only 3 of 10 animals administered glaucoma therapy. Optic nerve protection was closely correlated with IOP history because damage was limited to less than 10% of the cross-sectional area in all animals in which the maximal IOP was less than or equal to 39 mm Hg, more than 2 SD below the mean value for eyes administered artificial tears.CONCLUSIONS: Topical glaucoma therapy in this model can prevent IOP elevation and protect optic nerve fibers.
|
['Adrenergic alpha-Agonists', 'Adrenergic beta-Antagonists', 'Animals', 'Betaxolol', 'Clonidine', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Glaucoma', 'Intraocular Pressure', 'Male', 'Nerve Fibers', 'Ocular Hypertension', 'Ophthalmic Solutions', 'Optic Nerve', 'Optic Nerve Diseases', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred BN', 'Tonometry, Ocular']
| 9,501,862
|
[['D27.505.519.625.050.100.100', 'D27.505.696.577.050.100.100'], ['D27.505.519.625.050.200.200', 'D27.505.696.577.050.200.200'], ['B01.050'], ['D02.033.100.624.698.077', 'D02.033.755.624.698.077', 'D02.092.063.624.698.077'], ['D03.383.129.308.436.500'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['C11.525.381'], ['G14.440'], ['A08.675.542', 'A11.671.501'], ['C11.525'], ['D26.776.708.645', 'D27.505.954.578.645', 'D27.720.752.608'], ['A08.800.800.120.680'], ['C10.292.700', 'C11.640'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760.110', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400.110'], ['E01.370.380.750']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The effects of stem cell factor on the ultrastructure of Fc epsilon RI+ cells developing in IL-3-dependent murine bone marrow-derived cell cultures.
|
Stem cell factor (SCF) is known to alter the proteoglycans, proteases, and cytokines synthesized by mast cells and to activate basophils. To determine whether SCF could also effect the ultrastructural characteristics of basophils and mast cells, we examined the ultrastructure of these Fc epsilon RI+ cells over 42 days in IL-3-dependent murine bone marrow-derived cell cultures in the presence or absence of SCF. Initial experiments revealed that the addition of SCF to IL-3-dependent cells enhanced their proliferative rate without influencing the percentage of Fc epsilon RI+ or metachromatic cells. We next isolated the Fc epsilon RI+ cells using flow cytometry. Light microscopy of these cells revealed mixed cultures of both immature and mature mast cells and basophils with mature mast cells predominating by 3 wk. One hundred to 150 Fc epsilon RI+ cells were then photographed by electron microscopy at 3, 10, 21, and in some cases, 42 days of culture, and the ultrastructure of each cells was evaluated by morphometry. Each cell was scored as a mast cell or basophil using standard criteria. Analysis of this data revealed that SCF in the presence of IL-3 promoted the development of mast cells, although a significant number of basophils were noted at day 21 but were absent by day 42. When bone marrow cells cultured in IL-3 + SCF were compared with cells cultured in IL-3 alone, a significant decrease in cell and nuclear size and granule number and size was noted in both mast cells and basophils cultured in IL-3 + SCF, and basophils and mast cells under these conditions most resemble their in vivo counterparts. Thus, SCF in the presence of IL-3 increases the ratio of mast cells to basophils and alters the ultrastructural characteristics of mast cells and basophils toward a more mature phenotype.
|
['Animals', 'Basophils', 'Bone Marrow Cells', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Hematopoietic Cell Growth Factors', 'Interleukin-3', 'Mast Cells', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred BALB C', 'Receptors, IgE', 'Recombinant Proteins', 'Stem Cell Factor']
| 7,691,960
|
[['B01.050'], ['A11.118.637.415.120', 'A11.627.340.120', 'A15.145.229.637.415.120', 'A15.382.490.315.120'], ['A11.148', 'A15.378.316'], ['A11.251'], ['D12.644.276.374.410', 'D12.776.467.374.410', 'D23.529.374.410'], ['D12.644.276.374.410.240.400', 'D12.644.276.374.465.032', 'D12.776.395.240.400', 'D12.776.467.374.410.240.400', 'D12.776.467.374.465.032', 'D23.529.374.410.240.400', 'D23.529.374.465.169'], ['A11.329.427', 'A15.382.652'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.338', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.338'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.871.280'], ['D12.776.828'], ['D12.644.276.374.410.800', 'D12.776.467.374.410.800', 'D23.529.374.410.800']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Risperidone compared with olanzapine in a naturalistic clinical study: a cost analysis.
|
BACKGROUND: Risperidone and olanzapine are thought to have broadly similar clinical effects. This study was designed as a cost analysis study comparing costs and basic clinical outcomes of treatment with risperidone or olanzapine in a naturalistic setting.METHOD: The U.K. Risperidone Olanzapine Drug Outcomes Studies in Schizophrenia (RODOS-UK) program consisted of a retrospective review of medical notes and prescription charts for 501 patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder who had been admitted to the hospital for the treatment of psychosis. The main outcome measure was cost of inpatient drug treatment. Clinical outcomes (clinician-assessed and -documented effectiveness, time to discharge) were also evaluated. Data were collected and verified between June and September 2000.RESULTS: Clinical outcomes were similar for risperidone and olanzapine. Clinician-assessed effectiveness was similar for both treatments (78% risperidone, 74% olanzapine; p =.39), but mean time to documented onset of effectiveness was significantly shorter for those treated with risperidone versus olanzapine (17.6 vs. 22.4 days; p =.01). Risperidone-treated patients stayed a mean of 9 fewer days in the hospital compared with olanzapine-treated patients (49 vs. 58 days; p =.007). The possibility that these observed differences were a result of different baseline characteristics could not be entirely discounted. Mean +/- SD doses of risperidone and olanzapine were 5.5 +/- 2.4 mg/day and 14.1 +/- 4.7 mg/day, respectively. The mean daily cost of all inpatient drugs was significantly higher for olanzapine than for risperidone (pound 5.63 vs. pound 3.92; p <.0001). Mean total costs of all inpatient drugs were significantly higher for olanzapine than for risperidone (pound 164 vs. pound 96; p <.0001), which partly reflected the longer mean treatment duration for olanzapine compared with risperidone (44 vs. 37 days). Concomitant antipsychotic use was similar for both groups (66% risperidone, 67% olanzapine). The number of patients documented as experiencing adverse events was not different between groups (22% risperidone, 19% olanzapine; p =.32).CONCLUSION: Risperidone and olanzapine produced broadly comparable clinical outcome in this cohort of hospitalized patients, but the use of risperidone was associated with significantly lower drug treatment costs.
|
['Adult', 'Antipsychotic Agents', 'Benzodiazepines', 'Cohort Studies', 'Cost-Benefit Analysis', 'Costs and Cost Analysis', 'Drug Administration Schedule', 'Drug Costs', 'Drug Therapy, Combination', 'Drug Utilization', 'Female', 'Hospitalization', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Olanzapine', 'Outcome Assessment, Health Care', 'Pirenzepine', 'Psychotic Disorders', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Risperidone', 'Schizophrenia', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 12,755,664
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D27.505.696.277.950.040', 'D27.505.954.427.210.950.040', 'D27.505.954.427.700.872.331'], ['D03.633.100.079.080'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['N03.219.151.125'], ['N03.219.151'], ['E02.319.283'], ['N03.219.151.400.350', 'N05.300.375.300'], ['E02.319.310'], ['N04.452.706.477'], ['E02.760.400', 'N02.421.585.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D03.633.100.079.080.738'], ['H01.770.644.145.431', 'N04.761.559.590', 'N05.715.360.575.575'], ['D03.633.100.079.080.070.750'], ['F03.700.675'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['D03.383.742.698.685'], ['F03.700.750'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Principle-based concept analysis: recognition in the context of nurse-patient interactions.
|
AIM: This paper is a report of a principle-based concept analysis of recognition in the context of nurse-patient interactions.BACKGROUND: Recognition is a concept employed in practice and research. Since nursing is patient-centred and care is problem-driven, the specificity and accuracy of recognition may have an impact on how nurses label patient phenomena, interventions initiated and patient outcomes.DATA SOURCES: The data set included 98 English language articles published from 1997 to 2008 and retrieved through Medline and CINAHL searches.METHODS: Principle-based concept analysis was used to examine the state of the science according to major perspectives of the philosophy of science. Conceptual components were integrated into a theoretical definition and the process of recognition was conceptually modelled.FINDINGS: The scientific literature dealing with recognition in the context of nurse-patient interactions relies on implied meaning. Recognition is a process marked by an awareness of evidence coupled with the formulation of a conceptual label summarizing the identified pattern of patient phenomena. Contextual features of the nurse, patient and organization are relevant during nurse-patient interactions, resulting in pivotal points in nursing care. These pivotal points are the moments of recognition when the nurse consciously applies a summary label to interpreted evidence. Outcomes of recognition include a choice to act or not to act, each option carrying significant outcomes for nurses, patients, and at times, organizations.CONCLUSION: A working definition was produced that will serve as a foundation for future concept-driven research to advance the concept toward greater precision and usefulness in nursing science.
|
['Child, Preschool', 'Concept Formation', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Nurse-Patient Relations', 'Nursing Care', 'Nursing Theory', 'Recognition, Psychology']
| 19,694,860
|
[['M01.060.406.448'], ['F02.463.785.233'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['F01.829.401.650.600', 'N05.300.660.560'], ['E02.760.611', 'N02.421.533'], ['H02.478.408'], ['F02.463.425.540.706']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Peer pressure and imposed consensus: the making of the 1984 Guidelines of Good Clinical Practice in the Treatment of Drug Misuse.
|
The role of evidence and "expert" opinion in forming drug treatment policies is explored though the case of the first clinical guidelines on drug misuse (1984). Developed to secure the ascendancy of one particular treatment model and impose this on all doctors, they cited no supporting research evidence. The experience of an expert committee was deemed sufficient by many of those involved for determining "good practice". This chapter considers the motives and alliances of the different factions of the state and medical profession responsible for the guidelines and how each succeeded or failed in achieving their goals.
|
['Expert Testimony', 'History, 20th Century', 'Humans', 'Peer Group', 'Practice Guidelines as Topic', 'Substance-Related Disorders', 'United Kingdom']
| 16,212,730
|
[['I01.880.604.583.232', 'N03.706.535.253'], ['K01.400.504.968'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.829.316.483'], ['N04.761.700.350.650', 'N05.700.350.650'], ['C25.775', 'F03.900'], ['Z01.542.363']]
|
['Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Histone methyltransferase 1 regulates the encystation process in the parasite Giardia lamblia.
|
In eukaryotes, histone lysine methylation is associated with either active or repressed chromatin states, depending on the status of methylation. Even when the amino-terminus of Giardia lamblia histones diverges from other organisms, these regions contain lysine residues that are potential targets for methylation. When we examined the role of the histone methyltransferase 1 (HMT1) in the regulation of the encystation process by giardial histone methyltransferase 1 (GlHMT1) overexpression or downregulation, we observed an increase or a decrease in cyst production, respectively, compared to wild-type trophozoites. A time-lapse analysis of encystation showed that overexpression of GlHMT1 induced an earlier and faster process than in wild-type cells together with an upregulation of mRNA expression of cyst wall proteins. Subcellular localization studies indicated that GlHMT1-hemaglutinin was mainly associated with the nuclear and perinuclear region in both growing and encysting parasites, in agreement with bioinformatics analyses showing that GlHMT-1 possesses nuclear localization signals in addition to the classical SU(var)3-9, Enhancer-of-Zeste, Trithorax (SET), and post-SET domains. Altogether, these findings suggest that the function of HMT1 is critical for the success and timing of the encystation process, and reinforce the idea that epigenetic marks are critical for cyst formation in G. lamblia.
|
['Crystallography, X-Ray', 'Data Mining', 'Databases, Nucleic Acid', 'Databases, Protein', 'Epigenesis, Genetic', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental', 'Giardia lamblia', 'Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase', 'Isoenzymes', 'Lysine', 'Models, Molecular', 'Nuclear Localization Signals', 'Parasite Encystment', 'Phylogeny', 'Protein Conformation', 'Protein Transport', 'Protozoan Proteins', 'Recombinant Proteins', 'Sequence Homology, Amino Acid', 'Structural Homology, Protein']
| 28,605,118
|
[['E05.196.309.742.225'], ['L01.313.500.750.280.199', 'L01.470.625'], ['L01.313.500.750.300.188.400.300.500', 'L01.313.500.750.300.188.400.325.630', 'L01.470.750.750.300.500', 'L01.470.750.750.325.630'], ['L01.313.500.750.300.188.400.300.750', 'L01.313.500.750.300.188.400.325.710', 'L01.470.750.750.300.750', 'L01.470.750.750.325.710'], ['G05.308.203'], ['G05.308.310'], ['B01.237.385.400'], ['D08.811.913.555.500.800.200.500'], ['D08.811.348', 'D12.776.800.300'], ['D12.125.068.555', 'D12.125.095.647', 'D12.125.142.497'], ['E05.599.595'], ['D12.644.770.610', 'G02.111.570.060.670.610'], ['G07.345.500.550.875'], ['G05.697', 'G16.075.605', 'L01.100.697'], ['G02.111.570.820.709'], ['G03.143.700'], ['D12.776.820'], ['D12.776.828'], ['G02.111.810.200', 'G05.810.200'], ['G02.111.570.820.709.805', 'G02.111.810.200.820', 'G05.820']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
MiR-133b acts as a tumor suppressor and negatively regulates TBPL1 in colorectal cancer cells.
|
INTRODUCTION: MicroRNAs have emerged as post-transcriptional regulators that are critically involved in tumorigenesis. This study was designed to explore the effect of miRNA 133b on the proliferation and expression of TBPL1 in colon cancer cells.METHODS: Human colon cancer SW-620 cells and human colon adenocarcinoma HT-29 cells were cultured. MiRNA 133b mimcs, miRNA 133b inhibitors, siRNA for TBPL1 and scrambled control were synthesized and transfected into cells. MiR-133b levels in cells and CRC tumor tissue was measured by real-time PCR. TBPL1 mRNA was detected by RT-PCR. Cell proliferation was studied with MTT assay. Western blotting was applied to detect TBPL1 protein levels. Luciferase assays were conducted using a pGL3-promoter vector cloned with full length of 3'UTR of human TBPL1 or 3'UTR with mutant sequence of miR-133b target site in order to confirm if the putative binding site is responsible for the negative regulation of TBPL1 by miR- 133b.RESULTS: Real time PCR results showed that miRNA 133b was lower in CRC tissue than that in adjacent tissue. After miR-133b transfection, its level was elevated till 48h, accompanied by lower proliferation in both SW-620 and HT-29 cells. According to that listed in http://www.targetscan.org, the 3'-UTR of TBPL1 mRNA (NM_004865) contains one putative binding site of miR-133b. This site was confirmed to be responsible for the negative regulation by miR-133b with luciferase assay. Further, Western blotting and immunohistochemistry both indicated a higher TBPL1 protein expression level in CRC tissue. Finally, a siRNA for TBPL1 transfection obviously slowed down the cell proliferation in both SW-620 and HT-29 cells.CONCLUSION: MiR-133b might act as a tumor suppressor and negatively regulate TBPL1 in CRC.
|
['Adenocarcinoma', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Colorectal Neoplasms', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic', 'HT29 Cells', 'Humans', 'MicroRNAs', 'RNA, Messenger', 'RNA, Small Interfering', 'Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'TATA Box Binding Protein-Like Proteins']
| 24,870,791
|
[['C04.557.470.200.025'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['C04.588.274.476.411.307', 'C06.301.371.411.307', 'C06.405.249.411.307', 'C06.405.469.158.356', 'C06.405.469.491.307', 'C06.405.469.860.180'], ['G05.308.370'], ['A11.251.210.190.475', 'A11.251.860.180.475', 'A11.436.365'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D13.150.650.319', 'D13.444.735.150.319', 'D13.444.735.790.552.500'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['D13.150.650.700', 'D13.444.735.150.700', 'D13.444.735.790.552.875'], ['E05.393.620.500.725'], ['D12.776.260.775.812', 'D12.776.930.930.812']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[The role of lipid peroxidation processes in the pathogenesis of paraneoplastic anemia].
|
Growth of Pliss lymphosarcoma inoculated into rats was accompanied by development of amenia, whereas content of Schiff bases was increased and concentration of SH-groups was decreased in erythrocytes of peripheric blood. Alterations in content of lipid peroxidation products, especially the decrease of SH-groups, were detected before manifestations of the anemia indications registered under laboratory conditions. This suggests the importance of lipid peroxidation in elevated rate of erythrocyte hemolysis during tumor growth.
|
['Anemia', 'Animals', 'Erythrocytes', 'Female', 'Lipid Peroxidation', 'Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin', 'Neoplasms, Experimental', 'Rats', 'Sulfhydryl Compounds']
| 8,333,185
|
[['C15.378.071'], ['B01.050'], ['A11.118.290', 'A11.443.240', 'A15.145.229.334'], ['G02.111.515', 'G03.295.531.587'], ['C04.557.386.480', 'C15.604.515.569.480', 'C20.683.515.761.480'], ['C04.619', 'E05.598.500.496'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['D02.886.489']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Determination of thimerosal in pharmaceutical industry effluents and river waters by HPLC coupled to atomic fluorescence spectrometry through post-column UV-assisted vapor generation.
|
A high performance liquid chromatography coupled with atomic fluorescence spectrometry method for the determination of thimerosal (sodium ethylmercury thiosalicylate, C9H9HgNaO2S), ethylmercury, and inorganic mercury is proposed. Mercury vapor is generated by the post-column reduction of mercury species in formic acid media using UV-radiation. Thimerosal is quantitatively converted to Hg(II) followed by the reduction of Hg(II) to Hg(0). This method is applied to the determination of thimerosal (THM), ethylmercury (EtHg) and inorganic Hg in samples of a pharmaceutical industry effluent, and in waters of the San Luis River situated in the west side of San Luis city (Middle West, Argentine) where the effluents are dumped. The limit of detections, calculated on the basis of the 3ó criterion, where 0.09, 0.09 and 0.07 ìg L(-1) for THM, EtHg(II) and for Hg(II), respectively. Linearity was attained from levels close to the detection limit up to at least 100 ìg L(-1).
|
['Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'Drug Industry', 'Ethylmercury Compounds', 'Limit of Detection', 'Mercury', 'Rivers', 'Spectrometry, Fluorescence', 'Spectrophotometry, Atomic', 'Thimerosal']
| 25,280,990
|
[['E05.196.181.400.300'], ['J01.576.655.750'], ['D02.691.750.100.347'], ['E05.318.740.872.374', 'N05.715.360.750.725.500', 'N06.850.520.830.872.500'], ['D01.268.556.504', 'D01.268.956.437', 'D01.552.544.504'], ['G01.311.750', 'G16.500.275.280.650', 'N06.230.232.650'], ['E05.196.712.516.600.676', 'E05.196.867.726'], ['E05.196.712.726.551', 'E05.196.867.826.551'], ['D02.691.750.100.347.850']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Pipeline Embolization Device with or without Adjunctive Coil Embolization: Analysis of Complications from the IntrePED Registry.
|
Flow diversion to treat cerebral aneurysms has revolutionized neurointerventional surgery. Because the addition of coils potentially increases the time and complexity of endovascular procedures, we sought to determine whether adjunctive coil use is associated with an increase in complications. Patients in the International Retrospective Study of Pipeline Embolization Device registry were divided into those treated with the Pipeline Embolization Device alone (n = 689 patients; n = 797 aneurysms; mean aneurysm size, 10.3 ± 7.6 mm) versus those treated with the Pipeline Embolization Device and concurrent coil embolization (n = 104 patients; n = 109 aneurysms; mean aneurysm size, 13.6 ± 7.8 mm). Patient demographics and aneurysm characteristics were examined. Rates of neurologic morbidity and mortality were compared between groups. The Pipeline Embolization Device with versus without coiling required a significantly longer procedure time (135.8 ± 63.9 versus 96.7 ± 46.2 min; P < .0001) and resulted in higher neurological morbidity (12.5% versus 7.8%; P = .13). These data suggest that either strategy represents an acceptable risk profile in the treatment of complex cerebral aneurysms and warrants further investigation.
|
['Blood Vessel Prosthesis', 'Embolization, Therapeutic', 'Endovascular Procedures', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Intracranial Aneurysm', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Registries', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 26,767,709
|
[['E07.695.110'], ['E02.520.360', 'E02.926.500'], ['E04.100.814.529', 'E04.502.382'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C10.228.140.300.510.600', 'C14.907.055.635', 'C14.907.253.560.300'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.308.970', 'N04.452.859.819', 'N05.715.360.300.715.700', 'N06.850.520.308.970'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
[Film-less digital x-ray image processing--new prospects with the RadioVisioGraphy equipment].
|
Due to a new removable and compatible mass storage media, the ultimate model of the RadioVisioGraphy (RVG) system for X-ray recording without films offers an adequate possibility to store images as well as an easy way to transfer these data to other personal computers for digital image processing. By experiment we demonstrated a digital image subtraction procedure with public domain software, simulating a situation before and after apicoectomy. The result shows a good quality with a favourable relation between signal and noise.
|
['Apicoectomy', 'Color', 'Evaluation Studies as Topic', 'Humans', 'Image Processing, Computer-Assisted', 'Microcomputers', 'Models, Structural', 'Radiographic Image Enhancement', 'Radiography, Dental', 'Software', 'Subtraction Technique', 'Tooth', 'Video Recording']
| 8,108,689
|
[['E04.545.100', 'E06.397.102', 'E06.645.100'], ['G01.590.540.199'], ['E05.337', 'N05.715.360.335'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.224.308'], ['L01.224.230.260.550'], ['J01.897.280.500.545', 'L01.178.820.090.545'], ['E01.370.350.600.350.700', 'E01.370.350.700.700', 'L01.224.308.380.600'], ['E01.370.350.700.720', 'E06.342.764'], ['L01.224.900'], ['E01.370.350.760'], ['A14.549.167.860'], ['L01.280.960']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Acetylcholinesterase activity in the rat brain after pneumococcal meningitis.
|
Pneumococcal meningitis is a life-threatening disease characterized by acute purulent infection of the meninges causing neuronal injury, cortical necrosis and hippocampal apoptosis. Cholinergic neurons and their projections are extensively distributed throughout the central nervous system. The aim of this study was to assess acetylcholinesterase activity in the rat brain after pneumococcal meningitis. In the hippocampus, frontal cortex and cerebrospinal fluid, acetylcholinesterase activity was found to be increased at 6, 12, 24, 48 and 96 hr without antibiotic treatment, and at 48 and 96 hr with antibiotic treatment. Our data suggest that acetylcholinesterase activity could be related to neuronal damage induced by pneumococcal meningitis.
|
['Acetylcholinesterase', 'Animals', 'Brain', 'Cerebral Cortex', 'Cerebrospinal Fluid', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'GPI-Linked Proteins', 'Hippocampus', 'Meningitis, Pneumococcal', 'Rats', 'Time Factors']
| 22,188,584
|
[['D08.811.277.352.100.170.176'], ['B01.050'], ['A08.186.211'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500'], ['A12.207.270.210'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['D12.776.395.550.448', 'D12.776.543.484.500', 'D12.776.543.550.418'], ['A08.186.211.180.405', 'A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.345'], ['C01.150.252.223.500.875', 'C01.150.252.410.890.670.595', 'C01.207.180.500.875', 'C10.228.228.180.500.875', 'C10.228.614.280.560'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
State of Diabetes Self-Management Education in the European Union Member States and Non-EU Countries: The Diabetes Literacy Project.
|
Background: Diabetes self-management education (DSME) is considered essential for improving the prevention and care of diabetes through empowering patients to increase agency in their own health and care processes. However, existing evidence regarding DSME in the EU Member States (EU MS) is insufficient to develop an EU-wide strategy.Objectives: This study presents the state of DSME in the 28 EU MS and contrasts it with 3 non-EU countries with comparable Human Development Index score: Israel, Taiwan, and the USA (ITU). Because type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) disproportionately affects minority and low-income groups, we paid particular attention to health literacy aspects of DSME for vulnerable populations.Methods: Data from multiple stakeholders involved in diabetes care were collected from Feb 2014 to Jan 2015 using an online Diabetes Literacy Survey (DLS). Of the 379 respondents (249 from EU MS and 130 from ITU), most were people with diabetes (33% in the EU MS, 15% in ITU) and care providers (47% and 72%). These data were supplemented by an expert survey (ES) administered to 30 key informants.Results: Access to DSME varies greatly in the EU MS: an average of 29% (range 21% to 50%) of respondents report DSME programs are tailored for people with limited literacy, educational attainment, and language skills versus 63% in ITU. More than half of adult T2DM patients and children/adolescents participate in DSME in EU MS; in ITU, participation of T1DM patients and older people is lower. Prioritization of DSME (6.1 ± 2.8 out of 10) and the level of satisfaction with the current state of DSME (5.0 ± 2.4 out of 10) in the EU MS were comparable with ITU.Conclusion: Variation in availability and organization of DSME in the EU MS presents a clear rationale for developing an EU-wide diabetes strategy to improve treatment and care for people with diabetes.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Diabetes Mellitus', 'European Union', 'Health Literacy', 'Humans', 'Israel', 'Patient Education as Topic', 'Patient Participation', 'Self Care', 'Self-Management', 'Taiwan', 'United States']
| 29,850,598
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['C18.452.394.750', 'C19.246'], ['I01.615.500.475'], ['I02.233.332.186.500', 'L01.143.450.500', 'N02.421.726.407.229.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.252.245.500.375'], ['I02.233.332.500', 'N02.421.726.407.680'], ['F01.100.150.750.500.620', 'F01.145.488.887.500.620', 'N02.421.143.212.300', 'N03.540.245.360.300', 'N05.300.150.800.500.620'], ['E02.900', 'I03.050.563', 'N02.421.784.680'], ['N02.421.784.760'], ['Z01.252.474.872', 'Z01.639.850'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Site-specific inhibition of receptivity by intracranial anisomycin in hamsters.
|
The ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus (VMH) has been implicated in the mediation of the hormonal control of female rodent sexual behavior. However, in hamsters, progesterone (P) has been found to have effects on sexual receptivity in other diencephalic and mesencephalic sites as well. Progesterone is thought to exert its behavioral effects by altering protein synthesis in CNS target neurons. We tested the effects of 30 gauge implants of the protein synthesis inhibitor anisomycin in the preoptic area (POA), VMH, and ventral mesencephalon (VMES) 30 minutes before 500 micrograms P SC, on the facilitation of lordosis in ovariectomized estrogen-primed female hamsters. The same animals were tested one week later with estrogen and progesterone treatment but without anisomycin. Anisomycin reduced sexual receptivity (lordosis) when placed in the VMH or VMES, but not when delivered to the POA. The results confirm the importance of the VMH in the mediation of progesterone facilitation of female sexual behavior, but also provide evidence that ventral midbrain structures may play a role in female sexual receptivity in hamsters. These two structures may be important for different aspects of lordosis. Progesterone effects in both sites appear to be protein synthesis dependent.
|
['Animals', 'Anisomycin', 'Cricetinae', 'Female', 'Hypothalamus, Middle', 'Injections', 'Mesencephalon', 'Mesocricetus', 'Pyrrolidines', 'Reaction Time', 'Sexual Behavior, Animal']
| 3,208,146
|
[['B01.050'], ['D03.383.773.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.075.250'], ['A08.186.211.180.497.352', 'A08.186.211.200.317.357.352'], ['E02.319.267.530'], ['A08.186.211.132.659'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.075.250.500'], ['D03.383.773'], ['E05.796.817', 'F02.830.650', 'F04.669.817', 'G11.561.677'], ['F01.145.113.252.748']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Rat allotransplantation of epigastric microsurgical flaps: a study of rejection and the immunosuppressive effect of cyclosporin A.
|
The rejection of allotransplantation of epigastric microsurgical flaps and the effect of immunosuppression have been studied in 58 rats. Three sets of experiments were planned: (1) Wistar Furth isogenic donors and receptors (control set); (2) Brown Norway donors and Wistar Furth receptors (rejection set); and (3) Brown Norway donors and Wistar Furth immunosuppressed receptors (cyclosporin A set). Cyclosporin A (10 mg/kg/d) treated rats had a transplantation survival rate of up to 30 days: 83.3% among isogenic animals and 60% among allogeneic. There was 100% rejection by the 9th day after the transplantation in allogeneic non-immunosuppressed rats. Biopsies embedded with historesin were taken from the flap and normal contralateral skin (used as control) on the 3rd, 7th, 15th, and 30th days after the surgery. A quantitative study of infiltrating lymphocytes in the flaps, with and without cyclosporin A, was done by evaluating the local inflammatory infiltrate. A significant increase in the number of lymphocytes among the rejection and immunosuppressed groups was seen, as compared to the isogenic set. Local lymphocytosis in allogeneic non-immunosuppressed transplantations reached its highest level on the 3rd day after surgery, before gross findings of rejection, which could only be seen by naked eye on the 5th or 6th day. Therefore, we conclude that cyclosporin A is effective in preserving allogenic transplantation in rats. Biopsies of transplanted areas may contribute to earlier diagnosis of the need for immunosuppressive therapy.
|
['Animals', 'Cyclosporine', 'Double-Blind Method', 'Epigastric Arteries', 'Graft Rejection', 'Immunosuppressive Agents', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred BN', 'Rats, Inbred WF', 'Surgical Flaps', 'Transplantation, Homologous']
| 10,881,075
|
[['B01.050'], ['D04.345.566.235.300', 'D12.644.641.235.300'], ['E05.318.370.300', 'E05.581.500.300', 'N05.715.360.325.320', 'N06.850.520.445.300'], ['A07.015.114.330'], ['G12.875.545.328'], ['D27.505.696.477.656'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760.110', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400.110'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760.360', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400.360'], ['A10.850.710', 'E07.862.710'], ['E04.936.864']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
California encephalitis virus activity in mosquitoes and horses in southern Ontario, 1975.
|
A study was undertaken in 1975 to determine California encephalitis virus activity in southern Ontario. Three thousand and sixty-one mosquitoes, primarily Aedes species, were divided into 104 pools and inoculated into suckling mice. Isolates of snowshoe hare virus were obtained from one pool each of Aedes fitchii and A. triseriatus mosquitoes collected in the Guelph area. Serological testing of horse sera revealed extensive virus activity in southern Ontario and indicated that horses may serve as excellent monitors for California encephalitis virus.
|
['Aedes', 'Animals', 'Culicidae', 'Encephalitis Virus, California', 'Encephalitis Viruses', 'Hemagglutinins, Viral', 'Horses', 'Ontario']
| 34,475
|
[['B01.050.500.131.617.720.500.500.750.712.500.875.100'], ['B01.050'], ['B01.050.500.131.617.720.500.500.750.712.500.875'], ['B04.820.230.100', 'B04.820.480.750.640.300'], ['B04.820.230'], ['D12.776.964.970.880.345', 'D23.050.327.461'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.984.235.472'], ['Z01.107.567.176.639']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
|
Adverse reactions during stem cell infusion in children treated with autologous and allogeneic stem cell transplantation.
|
Adverse reactions (ARs) during the infusion of cellular therapy products (CTPs) are common in patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). We retrospectively studied pediatric patients undergoing autologous and allogeneic HSCT to determine the incidence and grade of ARs during stem cell infusion and their predictors. We analyzed data from 213 patients (120 allogeneic and 93 autologous) who received at least 1 CTP, totaling 361 infusion episodes. Serious ARs, defined as grade 2 and 3, occurred in 25 and 11% of infusions, respectively. No grade 4 or 5 ARs were noted. Independent risk factors for developing a serious AR included stem cell source (PBSC vs marrow (odds ratio (OR) 1.8, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.4-9); cord vs marrow (OR 7.3, 95% CI: 1.3-40), overall P=0.0001) but manipulated CTPs were protective (OR 0.4, 95% CI: 0.2-0.7, P=0.004). Unlike previous adult studies, WBC and granulocyte content were not found to be risk factors in this pediatric population. These data suggest that children tolerate higher WBC content during infusion of CTPs and support the use of manipulated CTP, as indicated, to reduce the risk of adverse infusion reactions.
|
['Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Female', 'Granulocytes', 'Humans', 'Leukocytes', 'Male', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Risk Factors', 'Stem Cell Transplantation', 'Stem Cells', 'Transplantation, Autologous', 'Transplantation, Homologous']
| 26,752,147
|
[['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['A11.118.637.415', 'A11.148.350', 'A11.627.340', 'A15.145.229.637.415', 'A15.378.316.340', 'A15.382.490.315'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A11.118.637', 'A15.145.229.637', 'A15.382.490'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['E02.095.147.500.500', 'E04.936.225.687'], ['A11.872'], ['E04.936.664'], ['E04.936.864']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Short communication: Characterization of Shiga toxin 2-carrying bacteriophages induced from Shiga-toxigenic Escherichia coli isolated from Italian dairy products.
|
Forty samples of raw milk cheese and 25 samples of raw milk itself were subjected to enrichment culture for Shiga-toxigenic Escherichia coli (STEC), and a single Shiga toxin 2- (Stx(2)) positive strain was obtained from one of the cheese samples. Thus, aged cheeses in which the curd is subsequently heat treated (48°C) cannot be presumed to be STEC free. Infective Stx(2) bacteriophages were induced from 3 STEC strains isolated elsewhere from raw milk and 1 STEC strain from aged cheese sourced in Italy. Data on E. coli host range, morphology, genome size, and genetic variation determined by restriction fragment length polymorphism and multi-locus genotyping are presented. Although all 4 bacteriophages were found to be short-tailed Podoviridae, they exhibited considerable variation in both genome size and content. This extended to the Stx(2) genes themselves, whose sequences contained several point mutations, but these did not translate to amino acid substitutions.
|
['Animals', 'Base Sequence', 'Cattle', 'Cheese', 'Dairy Products', 'Italy', 'Microscopy, Electron, Transmission', 'Milk', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Podoviridae', 'Shiga Toxin 2', 'Shiga-Toxigenic Escherichia coli']
| 22,999,287
|
[['B01.050'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['G07.203.200.500.444', 'G07.203.300.350.300.444', 'J02.350.500.444', 'J02.500.350.300.444'], ['G07.203.300.350', 'J02.500.350'], ['Z01.542.489'], ['E01.370.350.515.402.580', 'E05.595.402.580'], ['A12.200.455', 'A12.790', 'G07.203.100.700', 'G07.203.300.350.525', 'J02.200.700', 'J02.500.350.525'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['B04.123.150.700', 'B04.280.090.700'], ['D08.811.277.450.430.700.750.750.124', 'D12.776.097.275.879', 'D23.946.123.794.124', 'D23.946.330.575.124'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300.800', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100.800']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
|
[Mathematic model of the cupuloendolymphatic system for various densities of cupula and endolymph].
|
This paper presents a mathematical model of time-course variations of the cupulo-endolymphatic system which can be described by the Steinhauzen phenomenological equation for the case of a unidimensional toroid, assuming that the densities of the cupula and endolymph are identical. If the densities are different, the time-course variations of the cupuloendolymphatic system may aggravate and manifest at the powered stages of space flight.
|
['Acceleration', 'Biomechanical Phenomena', 'Endolymph', 'Humans', 'Labyrinthine Fluids', 'Mathematics', 'Models, Biological', 'Motion Sickness', 'Semicircular Canals', 'Space Flight']
| 3,702,317
|
[['G01.482.107'], ['G01.154.090', 'G01.374.089'], ['A12.207.270.517.324'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A09.246.300.455', 'A12.207.270.517'], ['H01.548'], ['E05.599.395'], ['C23.888.571'], ['A09.246.300.663'], ['J01.937.285.850']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Gastric emptying and acid-output patterns following a suprapapillary duodenojejunostomy reconstruction with differing lengths of the afferent limb in the baboon.
|
The importance of afferent limb draining biliopancreatic secretions in Roux-en-Y type reconstructions has never been evaluated experimentally. The effects of the suprapapillary Roux-en-Y duodenojejunostomy operation using a constant duodenal and afferent limb length but a varying afferent limb length was assessed in three groups of five baboons. Gastric emptying, which was assessed preoperatively and postoperatively, was not changed in the baboons with a 12.5-cm-long afferent limb, was significantly delayed in the baboons with a 25-cm-long limb, and was significantly increased in the baboons with a 37.5-cm-long limb. Gastric acid control remained unchanged postoperatively.
|
['Anastomosis, Roux-en-Y', 'Animals', 'Duodenum', 'Female', 'Gastric Acid', 'Gastric Emptying', 'Jejunum', 'Papio', 'Random Allocation']
| 8,160,906
|
[['E04.035.070', 'E04.210.070'], ['B01.050'], ['A03.556.124.684.124', 'A03.556.875.249'], ['A12.200.307.603'], ['G10.261.360.400'], ['A03.556.124.684.500', 'A03.556.249.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.199.120.610'], ['E05.318.370.700', 'E05.581.500.805', 'N05.715.360.325.675', 'N06.850.520.445.700']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Serious streptococcal infections produced by isolates resistant to streptogramins (quinupristin/dalfopristin): case reports from the SENTRY antimicrobial surveillance program.
|
The emergence and sustained prevalence of Gram-positive organisms resistant to antimicrobials has been of interest for over a decade. Quinupristin/dalfopristin (formerly RP 59500 or Synercid) is a new injectable streptogramin combination that has been reported to have activity against Gram-positive organisms, even those with documented MLS(B) resistance. However, the two case reports presented here illustrate three well-documented Streptococcus spp. strains (S. mitis, S. pneumoniae) to be resistant to quinupristin/dalfopristin (MICs at 3, 8, and 12 microg/ml) following referral as routine isolates in the SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program. The S. pneumoniae pleural fluid isolate was cross-resistant to erythromycin. Both bacteremic S. mitis strains were resistant to macrolides (erythromycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin), lincosamides (clindamycin), and fluoroquinolones. Patient histories indicated no prior use of MLS class antimicrobials for the S. mitis case, but the patient having the S. pneumoniae isolate did receive prior treatment of erythromycin and clindamycin. All isolates had modestly increased penicillin MICs of 0.12 microg/ml. The mode of resistance to quinupristin/dalfopristin was not evident (sat A-negative by PCR); and these cases illustrate the existence of streptogramin-resistant isolates before the introduction of this antimicrobial class into human clinical practice.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Anti-Bacterial Agents', 'Drug Resistance, Microbial', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Streptococcal Infections', 'Streptococcus', 'Virginiamycin']
| 10,764,970
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['D27.505.954.122.085'], ['G06.225', 'G07.690.773.984.269'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C01.150.252.410.890'], ['B03.353.750.737.872', 'B03.510.400.800.872', 'B03.510.550.737.872'], ['D04.345.566.802.875', 'D12.644.641.802.875']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
[Segregation distortion of molecular markers in recombinant inbred populations in soybean (G. max)].
|
The segregation distortion of 238 molecular markers in a RILs population from cultivated/semi-wild soybean cross was analysed. 29.4% of the loci were found with segregation distortion, and direction of deviation was mainly towards cultivated variety Changnong 4. RAPD markers have a higher distortion rate than other molecular markers.
|
['Crosses, Genetic', 'Genetic Markers', 'Recombination, Genetic', 'Soybeans']
| 11,192,432
|
[['E05.393.281'], ['D23.101.387', 'G05.695.450'], ['G05.728'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.401.750']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Efficacy and safety of bivalirudin in coronary artery disease patients with mild to moderate chronic kidney disease: Meta-analysis.
|
BACKGROUND: Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have elevated bleeding and ischemic outcomes. We aim to assess the short- and long-term efficacy and safety of bivalirudin compared to heparin plus glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors (GPIs) in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients with CKD.METHODS: Randomized trials were searched in PubMed, Cochrane, and Embase databases up to January 2017. Among the trials retrieved, efficacy endpoints were defined as mortality, myocardial infarction (MI), repeat revascularization, stent thrombosis, and major adverse cardiac events (MACEs). Safety endpoints were reported as non-coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) related major bleeding and thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) major bleeding. Risk ratio (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated for each outcome using a fixed effect model.RESULTS: Five studies with a total of 3796 patients were included. In short-term follow up (30 days), bivalirudin significantly reduced non-CABG related major bleeding (p=0.0004) and TIMI major bleeding (p=0.007) compared to heparin plus GPIs. No significant differences were observed in rates of mortality, MI, repeat revascularization, stent thrombosis, and MACEs between the two groups in short- and long-term follow up (6 months to 3 years). In patients with ST elevated myocardial infarction (STEMI) with concurrent CKD, the decreased non-CABG related major bleeding (p=0.04) without increasing ischemic events was also observed after short-term follow up.CONCLUSIONS: (1) Bivalirudin is safer than and as effective as heparin plus GPIs in CAD patients with CKD. (2) Impaired renal function does not affect the safety benefits of bivalirudin. (3) Similar efficacy profiles were identified between the two groups after both short- and long-term follow up in the CAD patients with CKD.
|
['Aged', 'Anticoagulants', 'Coronary Artery Disease', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Hemorrhage', 'Heparin', 'Hirudins', 'Humans', 'Kidney Function Tests', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Myocardial Infarction', 'Patient Safety', 'Peptide Fragments', 'Platelet Glycoprotein GPIIb-IIIa Complex', 'Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic', 'Recombinant Proteins', 'Renal Insufficiency, Chronic', 'Thrombosis', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 29,191,630
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['D27.505.954.502.119'], ['C14.280.647.250.260', 'C14.907.137.126.339', 'C14.907.585.250.260'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['C23.550.414'], ['D09.698.373.400'], ['D12.644.861.060.875', 'D12.776.872.060.875'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.390.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C14.280.647.500', 'C14.907.585.500', 'C23.550.513.355.750', 'C23.550.717.489.750'], ['N06.850.135.060.075.399'], ['D12.644.541'], ['D12.776.395.550.625.785', 'D12.776.543.550.625.785', 'D12.776.543.750.705.408.460.700', 'D12.776.543.750.705.675.784'], ['E05.318.372.250.250.365.500', 'N05.715.360.330.250.250.365.500', 'N06.850.520.450.250.250.365.500'], ['D12.776.828'], ['C12.777.419.780.750', 'C13.351.968.419.780.750'], ['C14.907.355.830'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
MEK hyperphosphorylation coincides with cell cycle shut down of cultured smooth muscle cells.
|
Smooth muscle cells (SMCs) form the backbone of arteries and their proliferation hallmarks collateral vessel growth, a process termed arteriogenesis, as well as pathogenic responses such as restenosis. Since signaling pathways in SMCs are the main targets for therapeutic interventions, we aimed to determine how and to what extent the activation of the ubiquitous MEK-ERK signaling pathway correlates with important in vivo phenomena such as dedifferentiation, nuclear activation and proliferation of SMCs. Specificity of this pathway was monitored using MEK inhibitors UO126 and PD98059 in platelet derived growth factor-AB (PDGF-AB)- and fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2)-stimulated SMCs. PDGF-AB induced a rapid MEK activation followed by phosphorylation of the MEK substrates ERK1/2 while FGF-2 showed a less pronounced and delayed activation. Both growth factors triggered a marked phosphorylation of c-Myc and expression of Egr1. Pretreatment with MEK inhibitors suppressed the activation of the ERK cascade, abolished the down-regulation of desmin and led to cell cycle arrest. However, the reversibility of p27Kip1 down-regulation by UO126 was mainly observed after PDGF-AB stimulation, indicating MEK independent p27Kip1 down-regulation by FGF-2. Surprisingly, treatment of SMCs with UO126 or PD98059 increased the level of MEK phosphorylation in a dose dependent manner at serine residues 217/221 in the presence as well as in the absence of both growth factors. Our results strongly imply that depending on the environmental context phosphorylation of serines 217/221 serves as an "on" as well as an "off " switch.
|
['Animals', 'Butadienes', 'Cell Cycle', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Fibroblast Growth Factor 2', 'Flavonoids', 'MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases', 'MAP Kinase Signaling System', 'Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1', 'Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3', 'Myocytes, Smooth Muscle', 'Nitriles', 'Phosphorylation', 'Platelet-Derived Growth Factor', 'Swine']
| 15,920,755
|
[['B01.050'], ['D02.455.326.271.665.146.240'], ['G04.144'], ['A11.251'], ['D12.644.276.624.120', 'D12.776.467.624.120', 'D23.529.624.120'], ['D03.383.663.283.266.450', 'D03.633.100.150.266.450'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.559', 'D12.644.360.400', 'D12.776.476.400'], ['G02.111.820.560', 'G03.493.560', 'G04.835.560'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.567.249.500', 'D12.644.360.450.169.500', 'D12.776.476.450.169.500'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.567.249.750', 'D12.644.360.450.169.750', 'D12.776.476.450.169.750'], ['A11.620.520'], ['D02.626'], ['G02.111.665', 'G02.607.780', 'G03.796'], ['D12.644.276.910', 'D12.776.124.625', 'D12.776.467.910', 'D23.529.910'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.880']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.