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Benzodiazepine/gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor deficit in the midbrain of the seizure-susceptible gerbil.
|
The density of benzodiazepine/gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor binding sites was lower in the midbrain of seizure-susceptible gerbils compared to control seizure-resistant gerbils. Binding of [3H]diazepam to high-affinity brain-specific sites in membrane homogenates of gerbil brain showed a 20-30% lower binding in midbrain (but not other regions) in adult seizure-susceptible gerbils than in controls. This binding deficit was localized by tissue slice autoradiography with [3H]flunitrazepam to the substantia nigra and mesencephalic periaqueductal gray regions, while higher binding was observed in the interpeduncular nucleus. These differences were also seen in animals sacrificed immediately after a seizure. A parallel deficit of [3H]bicuculline methochloride binding to low-affinity gamma-aminobutyric acid receptors also was seen in the same midbrain regions. Scatchard plot analysis showed that the benzodiazepine binding deficit in the nigra was due to a lower number of binding sites with not significant difference in affinity. Lower [3H]flunitrazepam binding was likewise seen in younger animals (29% lower at 30 days of age, 38% at 60 days, and 21% at 90 days), indicating that the midbrain receptor deficit is present in the seizure-susceptible gerbil prior to the age of onset of seizures at 50-100 days. Therefore, these changes are not likely to result from seizures but reflect genetically determined biochemical differences that could play a role in the expression of seizure susceptibility. The deficit in midbrain benzodiazepine/gamma-aminobutyric acid receptors in the seizure-susceptible gerbil would be consistent with the hypothesis that a deficit of gamma-aminobutyric acid-mediated inhibition might contribute to some kinds of epilepsy.
|
['Animals', 'Bicuculline', 'Diazepam', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Flunitrazepam', 'Gerbillinae', 'Mesencephalon', 'Muscimol', 'Pentobarbital', 'Receptors, GABA-A', 'Seizures']
| 2,995,980
|
[['B01.050'], ['D03.132.098.077', 'D03.633.100.531.085.077'], ['D03.633.100.079.080.070.216'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['D03.633.100.079.080.070.320'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.300'], ['A08.186.211.132.659'], ['D03.383.129.462.470', 'D23.946.587.587'], ['D03.383.742.698.253.593'], ['D12.776.157.530.400.175.562', 'D12.776.157.530.400.400.100.100', 'D12.776.543.550.450.175.562', 'D12.776.543.550.450.500.100.100', 'D12.776.543.585.400.175.562', 'D12.776.543.585.400.500.100.100', 'D12.776.543.750.130.500', 'D12.776.543.750.720.200.300.300'], ['C10.597.742', 'C23.888.592.742']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Risperidone ameliorated Aâ1-42
|
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder with cognitive impairment and major neuropathologic hallmark of amyloid-beta (Aâ) peptides. Risperidone, an atypical antipsychotic, can improve concentration and cognitive deficit in schizophrenia patients. In this study, behavior tests including Morris Water Maze test, Step-through passive avoidance test, Open Field test, Step-Down test, Hole-Board test and Novel object recognition test were preformed to examine the effect of Risperidone on Aâ1-42-induced cognitive dysfunction in both long-term and short-term memory. Furthermore, ELISA assay was conducted to measure the levels of Aâ1-42, BACE1 and p-Tau in the hippocampus and cortex. Moreover, primary cortical neuron was cultured in vitro, and the cell viability, mitochondrial membrane potential, and the level of p-Akt, GSK3â and Caspase-3 protein were measured. For behavior tests, the results showed that Risperidone significantly reversed the Aâ1-42-induced dysfunction in learning, memory, locomotor activity and exploratory behavior. As detected by ELISA assay, risperidone decreased the levels of Aâ1-42, BACE1 and p-Tau in the hippocampus and cortex of AD model mice. Biochemical assay showed that Risperidone reversed the Aâ1-42-induced decrease of cell viability and mitochondrial membrane potential in cultured cortical neurons. The expression of p-Akt was increased, whereas the expression of GSK3â and Caspase-3 were decreased. These results suggested that Risperidone may be used as a promising candidate for AD treatment, for its effects of inhibiting Aâ generation and improving cognitive impairment in mice.
|
['Alzheimer Disease', 'Amyloid Precursor Protein Secretases', 'Amyloid beta-Peptides', 'Animals', 'Apoptosis', 'Aspartic Acid Endopeptidases', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Cognition Disorders', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Hippocampus', 'Male', 'Mice, Inbred ICR', 'Neurons', 'Neuroprotective Agents', 'Nootropic Agents', 'Peptide Fragments', 'Phosphorylation', 'Random Allocation', 'Risperidone', 'Synapses', 'tau Proteins']
| 28,093,254
|
[['C10.228.140.380.100', 'C10.574.945.249', 'F03.615.400.100'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.032'], ['D12.644.024', 'D12.776.049.407.249.500', 'D12.776.543.039.500'], ['B01.050'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['D08.811.277.656.074.500', 'D08.811.277.656.300.048'], ['A11.251'], ['F03.615.250'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['A08.186.211.180.405', 'A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.345'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.510', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.510'], ['A08.675', 'A11.671'], ['D27.505.696.706.548', 'D27.505.954.427.575'], ['D27.505.954.427.637'], ['D12.644.541'], ['G02.111.665', 'G02.607.780', 'G03.796'], ['E05.318.370.700', 'E05.581.500.805', 'N05.715.360.325.675', 'N06.850.520.445.700'], ['D03.383.742.698.685'], ['A08.850', 'A11.284.149.165.420.780'], ['D12.776.220.600.450.510', 'D12.776.631.560.510']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Evaluation of the effects of anatomic location, histologic processing, and sample size on shrinkage of skin samples obtained from canine cadavers.
|
OBJECTIVE To evaluate effects of anatomic location, histologic processing, and sample size on shrinkage of excised canine skin samples. SAMPLE Skin samples from 15 canine cadavers. PROCEDURES Elliptical samples of the skin, underlying subcutaneous fat, and muscle fascia were collected from the head, hind limb, and lumbar region of each cadaver. Two samples (10 mm and 30 mm) were collected at each anatomic location of each cadaver (one from the left side and the other from the right side). Measurements of length, width, depth, and surface area were collected prior to excision (P1) and after fixation in neutral-buffered 10% formalin for 24 to 48 hours (P2). Length and width were also measured after histologic processing (P3). RESULTS Length and width decreased significantly at all anatomic locations and for both sample sizes at each processing stage. Hind limb samples had the greatest decrease in length, compared with results for samples obtained from other locations, across all processing stages for both sample sizes. The 30-mm samples had a greater percentage change in length and width between P1 and P2 than did the 10-mm samples. Histologic processing (P2 to P3) had a greater effect on the percentage shrinkage of 10-mm samples. For all locations and both sample sizes, percentage change between P1 and P3 ranged from 24.0% to 37.7% for length and 18.0% to 22.8% for width. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Histologic processing, anatomic location, and sample size affected the degree of shrinkage of a canine skin sample from excision to histologic assessment.
|
['Animals', 'Cadaver', 'Cytological Techniques', 'Dogs', 'Female', 'Histological Techniques', 'Male', 'Sample Size', 'Skin', 'Specimen Handling']
| 27,580,116
|
[['B01.050'], ['C23.550.260.224'], ['E01.370.225.500', 'E05.200.500', 'E05.242'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.250.216.200'], ['E01.370.225.750', 'E05.200.750'], ['E05.318.370.762', 'E05.581.500.902', 'N05.715.360.325.692', 'N06.850.520.445.762'], ['A17.815'], ['E01.370.225.998', 'E05.200.998']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
[Orbicular muscular-mucous advancement flap for repairing the lower lip loss after lip cancer].
|
OBJECTIVE: To explore a new technique for the treatment of lower lip defect after carcinoectomy.METHOD: Six lower lip defects (more than two third of the length of the lower lip) after the tumor resection were treated with an orbicular muscular-mucous advancement flap.RESULTS: All of the patients had achieved good results functionally and cosmetically with the following-ups from 6 months to 3 years.CONCLUSION: The above mentioned techique could be a simple, safe and effective method for repairing lower lip defect.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Carcinoma, Squamous Cell', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Lip', 'Lip Neoplasms', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Reconstructive Surgical Procedures', 'Surgical Flaps']
| 15,334,935
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C04.557.470.200.400', 'C04.557.470.700.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A01.456.505.631.515', 'A14.549.336'], ['C04.588.443.591.550', 'C07.465.409.640', 'C07.465.530.550'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C23.550.767'], ['E04.680'], ['A10.850.710', 'E07.862.710']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
An investigation into the suitability of a commercial real-time PCR assay to screen for Taylorella equigenitalis in routine prebreeding equine genital swabs.
|
REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Standard bacteriological methods for identifying Taylorella equigenitalis in cervical smears are time consuming. Therefore, a more rapid real-time PCR assay was evaluated for its suitability in screening swabs.OBJECTIVE: To compare the results of a commercially available real-time PCR assay with routine microbiological culture for the identification of T. equigenitalis, the causative organism of contagious equine metritis, in equine genital swab samples, under 'field trial' conditions.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Routine prebreeding genital swabs (n=2072) collected from Thoroughbred mares and stallions during 2009 were examined together with stored T. equigenitalis positive material. Swabs were cultured for T. equigenitalis using standard microbiological techniques. Bacterial lysates were isolated from the swabs and examined for the presence of a 16S DNA fragment of T. equigenitalis, using a commercial multiplex real-time PCR assay system.RESULTS: There was complete concordance between positive and negative results obtained by the 2 methods. Real-time PCR also detected T. equigenitalis DNA from swabs that were negative using standard microbiological culture after 6 months' storage at +4 degrees C but from which T. equigenitalis had been isolated following collection. The sensitivities of real-time PCR and bacterial culture were both 10(-3) (equivalent to 3 colony-forming units).CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Routine bacterial culture of T. equigenitalis requires an incubation period of not less than 7 days before a conclusive negative result can be obtained, whereas bacterial extraction and real-time PCR assay can be completed in less than 6 h. The commercially-available PCR assay tested provided a rapid and reliable method for the identification of T. equigenitalis from equine genital swabs and could be usefully employed for the screening of mares and stallions for preseason Horserace Betting Levy Board (HBLB) Code of Practice and in other situations such as for bloodstock sales screening requirements, overcoming the current delays imposed by bacterial culture requirements. Its use could be quality assured by the existing HBLB biannual testing scheme for designated laboratories.
|
['Animals', 'Female', 'Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections', 'Horse Diseases', 'Horses', 'Male', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Bacterial', 'Taylorella equigenitalis']
| 20,383,985
|
[['B01.050'], ['C01.150.252.400'], ['C22.488'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.984.235.472'], ['E05.393.620.500'], ['C01.150.252.734', 'C01.221.812.281', 'C01.778.281', 'C12.294.668.281', 'C13.351.500.711.281', 'C23.550.291.531.937.281'], ['B03.440.400.425.115.800.200', 'B03.660.075.090.344.800.200']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
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Retrospective study of melamine/cyanuric acid-induced renal failure in dogs in Korea between 2003 and 2004.
|
In early 2007, American pet food ingredients leading to nephrotoxic renal failure of dogs and cats raised serious concerns about the safety of pet foods. Major pet food companies recalled more than 1,000 commercial pet foods in consideration of pet safety. A similar pet food-associated outbreak of nephrotoxic renal failure occurred in Asia, in late 2003 and 2004, resulting in a similar extensive pet food recall. At that time, contamination of ingredients with a nephrotoxin-producing fungus at a pet food production facility was suspected. However, toxicologic evidence to substantiate a mycotoxicosis was lacking. Moreover, the renal lesions were not typical of those reported with fungal nephrotoxins. During 2003 and 2004, 14 dogs were presented to the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital of Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea, with renal failure and distinctive renal pathologic findings. Grossly, the kidneys were greenish in color with greenish uroliths in the renal pelvis or bladder. Histologically, characteristic crystals with pinwheel radiating striations were present in distal tubular segments. Toxicologic analysis identified melamine, cyanuric acid, and ammelide in deparaffinized formalin-fixed kidney samples.
|
['Animal Feed', 'Animals', 'Dog Diseases', 'Dogs', 'Female', 'Food Contamination', 'Kidney', 'Korea', 'Male', 'Renal Insufficiency', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Triazines']
| 19,261,650
|
[['G07.203.300.300.100', 'J02.500.300.100'], ['B01.050'], ['C22.268'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.250.216.200'], ['J01.576.423.850.730.500.249', 'N06.850.460.400', 'N06.850.601.500.249'], ['A05.810.453'], ['Z01.252.474.557', 'Z01.586.407'], ['C12.777.419.780', 'C13.351.968.419.780'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['D03.383.931']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
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Alexithymia and somatization.
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Although alexithymia was originally described in patients with classical psychosomatic illnesses, attempts to specifically correlate these illnesses with alexithymia have not been successful. Despite the prominent role of somatization in the clinical description of alexithymia, a specific correlation between alexithymia and somatization has not been established. Data are presented which suggest that alexithymia is significantly more prevalent in somatizers than in healthy subjects, or subjects with classical psychosomatic illness in the absence of somatization. Other findings suggest that alexithymia may be a widespread phenomenon not necessarily associated with somatization or other illness. In the absence of debilitating somatization alexithymia may be useful in facilitating task-oriented behavior over prolonged periods of time without distraction.
|
['Awareness', 'Fantasy', 'Headache', 'Humans', 'Mood Disorders', 'Pain', 'Psychological Tests', 'Psychophysiologic Disorders', 'Somatoform Disorders', 'Spasm', 'Urination Disorders']
| 7,156,304
|
[['F02.463.188.150'], ['F01.393.351', 'F02.463.188.634.507'], ['C23.888.592.612.441'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F03.600'], ['C23.888.592.612', 'F02.830.816.444', 'G11.561.790.444'], ['F04.711'], ['C23.888.592.700'], ['F03.875'], ['C10.597.613.750', 'C23.888.592.608.750'], ['C12.777.934', 'C13.351.968.934']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
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A comparison of new and conventional methods for quantification of tooth color.
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Tooth color is caused by volume reflection, that is, passage of incident light through the tooth followed by backward emergence. This passage is concurrent with sideward displacement of photons that, in effect, influences the result of usual instrumental methods of determining tooth color. This problem is overcome by the use of large-field illumination and small-field observation. A fiber-optics colorimeter based on this principle is described. The color observed through two holes in a double box was visually matched by subtractive adjustment of the illuminating color in one box, whereas the other box showed the central part of the tooth diffusely illuminated by illuminant C light. This colorimeter was tested on wet, extracted human incisors in the tooth arch of a phantom-head. Results were compared with a visual standard-strip method described previously and with a conventional spectrophotometer. It was concluded that the fiber-optics colorimeter is a promising instrument, although technical improvement is necessary.
|
['Acrylic Resins', 'Color', 'Colorimetry', 'Fiber Optic Technology', 'Humans', 'Optical Fibers', 'Optics and Photonics', 'Regression Analysis', 'Spectrophotometry', 'Tooth']
| 2,304,021
|
[['D05.750.716.822.111', 'D25.720.716.822.111', 'J01.637.051.720.716.822.111'], ['G01.590.540.199'], ['E05.196.922.250'], ['H01.671.617.249'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E07.632.750'], ['H01.671.617', 'J01.293.688'], ['E05.318.740.750', 'N05.715.360.750.695', 'N06.850.520.830.750'], ['E05.196.712.726', 'E05.196.867.826'], ['A14.549.167.860']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
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Partial sequencing and expression of genes involved in glucose metabolism in adipose tissues and skeletal muscle of healthy cats.
|
Impaired insulin sensitivity is increasingly recognised in cats, but sequences of genes involved in insulin-signalling are largely undetermined in this species. In this study, extended feline mRNA sequences were determined for the adiponectin, glucose transporter-1 (GLUT1), GLUT4, peroxisome proliferative activated receptor-gamma1 (PPARgamma1), PPARgamma2, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and insulin receptor genes. Conserved dog-specific primers identified from human-dog mRNA alignments were used to amplify feline cDNA in the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The feline sequences determined by this method were used to design feline-specific primers suitable for real-time PCR for quantification of gene expression in insulin sensitive tissues of healthy cats. Partial sequences of feline mRNAs had 86-95% identity with dog and human genes. Expression of adiponectin, GLUT1, GLUT4, PPARgamma1, PPARgamma2, PAI-1 and insulin receptor mRNA was detected and quantified in subcutaneous and visceral fat and skeletal muscle, whereas MCP-1 mRNA was detected in adipose tissue but not in skeletal muscle. Further characterisation of genes related to glucose metabolism in cats will provide additional insights into insulin-signalling mechanisms in this species.
|
['Adipose Tissue', 'Animals', 'Blood Glucose', 'Cats', 'Energy Metabolism', 'Female', 'Gene Expression', 'Glucose Transport Proteins, Facilitative', 'Insulin', 'Insulin Resistance', 'Male', 'Muscle, Skeletal', 'PPAR gamma', 'Receptor, Insulin', 'Species Specificity']
| 18,078,768
|
[['A10.165.114'], ['B01.050'], ['D09.947.875.359.448.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.377.750.250.125'], ['G03.295'], ['G05.297'], ['D12.776.157.530.500.500', 'D12.776.157.530.937.563', 'D12.776.543.585.500.500', 'D12.776.543.585.937.625'], ['D06.472.699.587.200.500.625', 'D12.644.548.586.200.500.625'], ['C18.452.394.968.500', 'G07.690.773.984.617'], ['A02.633.567', 'A10.690.552.500'], ['D12.776.826.239.588'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.400.200', 'D12.776.543.750.630.484', 'D12.776.543.750.750.580.300'], ['G16.824']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Porcine alpha-1,3-galactosyltransferase: full length cDNA cloning, genomic organization, and analysis of splicing variants.
|
Full length cDNA and genomic DNA of porcine alpha-1,3-galactosyltransferase were isolated, and their structures were analysed. The coding region was encoded by six exons as in the mouse, and the length of each exon was conserved between the two species. The porcine exons were designated Exon 4-9, since in the mouse coding exons started from Exon 4. Introns tended to be longer in the porcine gene; the distance from Exon 4 to the 3'-end of Exon 9 was 24 kb, while this region was 18 kb in the mouse gene. The cDNA structure was extended from the previous data to the 3'-end and to the 5' side of the cDNA. In addition to a cDNA clone with all coding exons, clones lacking parts of these exons were isolated and their structures were determined. One variant lacked Exon 5; the second, Exons 5 and 6; and the third, Exons 5, 6 and 7. The last variant was not found in the mouse, and cDNA transfection of this variant yielded scarcely any enzymatic activity using asialo alpha1-acid glycoprotein as a substrate, and decreased activity using N-acetyllactosamine as a substrate.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Animals', 'Base Sequence', 'COS Cells', 'Cloning, Molecular', 'DNA, Complementary', 'Exons', 'Galactosyltransferases', 'Introns', 'Mice', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'RNA Splicing', 'Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Swine']
| 9,881,764
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['B01.050'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['A11.251.210.172.500', 'A11.329.228.220'], ['E05.393.220'], ['D13.444.308.497.220', 'D13.444.600.223.500', 'D27.720.470.530.600.223.260'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.137.232'], ['D08.811.913.400.450.400'], ['G05.360.340.024.220.400', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.515'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G02.111.760.700', 'G03.839.700', 'G05.308.700.700'], ['E05.393.620.500.725'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.880']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
EMG Functional tasks recordings determines frailty phenotypes in males and females.
|
BACKGROUND: Identification of frailty is essential to understanding and mitigating age-related physical impairments. Previous studies have indicated that frailty phenotype can be identified through electromyography (EMG) when collected over the course of an 8-h day. However, long duration recordings challenge both the clinician and the older adults but activities of daily living that are most sensitive to changes in frailty status are currently unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine if muscle activity recorded during specific task, or groups of tasks, could be used to correctly classify middle-aged, non-frail, pre-frail, and frail older adult pheonotypes.METHODS: Fifteen middle-aged (49 ± 5 years) and 76 older adults (77 ± 8 years) participated. Older adults were categorized as non-frail (n = 49), pre-frail (n = 20), or frail (n = 7) using self-selected normal gait speed and a modified frailty index score. Bursts and gaps in EMG of the biceps brachii, triceps brachii, vastus lateralis, and biceps femoris were measured bilaterally during nine different functional tasks.RESULTS: Relatively high levels of success for frailty group classification (near 90%) can be achieved from EMG. Bursts were more frequent and gaps fewer in frail compared with middle-aged and non-frail adults. The numbers of gaps and muscle quiescence in the upper limbs were particularly important. Changes in muscle activity offer predictive value in identifying frailty phenotype. Completing functional tasks (rising from the floor, toilet and chair) while undergoing EMG assessment can contribute to the identification of differences in frailty phenotype among older adults.
|
['Activities of Daily Living', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Electromyography', 'Female', 'Frail Elderly', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged']
| 26,880,179
|
[['E02.760.169.063.500.067', 'E02.831.067', 'I03.050', 'N02.421.784.110'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['E01.370.405.255', 'E01.370.530.255'], ['M01.060.116.100.540'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Exposure of conjugative plasmid carrying Escherichia coli biofilms to male-specific bacteriophages.
|
Escherichia coli carrying a natural conjugative F-plasmid generates F-pili mating pairs, which is important for early biofilm formation. In this study, we investigated the effect of male-specific filamentous single stranded DNA bacteriophage (f1) and RNA bacteriophage (MS2) on the formation of biofilms by E. coli carrying a natural conjugative F-plasmid. We showed that the early biofilm formation was completely inhibited by addition of the f1 phage, but not the MS2 phage. This suggests that the tip of F-pili is the specific attachment site for mating pairs formation and the side of F-pili has a non-obligatory role during biofilm formation. The inhibitory effect of the f1 phage was dependent on the time of addition during the biofilm formation. No inhibitory effect was observed when the f1 phages were added to the mature biofilms. This resistant mechanism of the mature biofilms could be attributed to the biofilm-specific phenotypes representing that the F-pili mating pairs were already formed and then the curli production commenced during the biofilm maturation. The pre-formed mating pairs seemed to resist the f1 phages. Altogether, our results indicate a close relationship between the presence of conjugative plasmid and male-specific bacteriophages within sessile biofilm communities, as well as the possibility of using the male-specific bacteriophages to control biofilm formation.
|
['Biofilms', 'Coliphages', 'Conjugation, Genetic', 'Escherichia coli', 'Fimbriae, Bacterial', 'Microbial Interactions', 'Plasmids', 'RNA Phages']
| 20,962,879
|
[['A20.593', 'G06.120'], ['B04.123.205'], ['G05.728.200'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['A11.284.180.285', 'A20.843'], ['G06.550'], ['G05.360.600'], ['B04.123.691']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Experience in treating advanced prostate cancer with bladder outlet obstruction].
|
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: The incidence and discovery rate of prostate cancer is increased in recent years; with advanced age and multiple organs dysfunction, the advanced prostate cancer patients have poor quality of life. This study was to explore suitable treatment for these patients.METHODS: A total of 80 advanced prostate cancer patients with bladder outlet obstruction were treated by transurethral electrovaporization of the prostate (TVP), plus castration and antiandrogen therapy. Preoperative individualized preparation was performed for each patient. International prostatic symptom score (IPSS), maximum flow rate of urine (Q(max)), prostatic-special antigen (PSA), and ultrasonography were measured before and 3 months after operation.RESULTS: TVP were successful in all cases. Postoperative IPSS was significantly lower than preoperative IPSS in patients with or without urine retention (13+/-3 vs. 31+/-2, 11+/-3 vs. 31+/-2, P<0.01); postoperative Q(max) was significantly higher than preoperative Q(max) in patients with or without urine retention [(19.0+/-3.3) ml/s vs. 0, (19.4+/-2.7) ml/s vs. (8.9+/-3.4) ml/s, P<0.01]. Postoperative PSA was significantly lower than preoperative PSA [(80.4+/-133.4) mg/L vs. (0.1+/-0.4) mg/L, P<0.05]. The volume of prostate was obviously reduced.CONCLUSION: TVP plus castration and endocrine therapy is a safe and effective treatment for advanced prostate cancer patients with bladder outlet obstruction.
|
['Adenocarcinoma', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Androgen Antagonists', 'Antigens, Neoplasm', 'Flutamide', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Orchiectomy', 'Prostatic Neoplasms', 'Transurethral Resection of Prostate', 'Urinary Bladder Neck Obstruction']
| 16,219,150
|
[['C04.557.470.200.025'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['D06.347.065', 'D27.505.696.399.450.065'], ['D23.050.285'], ['D02.065.199.420', 'D02.092.146.113.420'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E04.270.282.679', 'E04.950.165.679', 'E04.950.774.860.618'], ['C04.588.945.440.770', 'C12.294.260.750', 'C12.294.565.625', 'C12.758.409.750'], ['E04.950.774.860.625.750'], ['C12.777.767.700.962', 'C12.777.829.760', 'C13.351.968.767.700.850', 'C13.351.968.829.601']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Finding any Waldo with zero-shot invariant and efficient visual search.
|
Searching for a target object in a cluttered scene constitutes a fundamental challenge in daily vision. Visual search must be selective enough to discriminate the target from distractors, invariant to changes in the appearance of the target, efficient to avoid exhaustive exploration of the image, and must generalize to locate novel target objects with zero-shot training. Previous work on visual search has focused on searching for perfect matches of a target after extensive category-specific training. Here, we show for the first time that humans can efficiently and invariantly search for natural objects in complex scenes. To gain insight into the mechanisms that guide visual search, we propose a biologically inspired computational model that can locate targets without exhaustive sampling and which can generalize to novel objects. The model provides an approximation to the mechanisms integrating bottom-up and top-down signals during search in natural scenes.
|
['Adult', 'Attention', 'Computer Simulation', 'Cues', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Pattern Recognition, Visual', 'Psychophysics', 'Reaction Time', 'Time Factors', 'Vision, Ocular', 'Visual Perception', 'Young Adult']
| 30,213,937
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['F02.830.104.214'], ['L01.224.160'], ['F02.463.425.234'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F02.463.593.524.500', 'F02.463.593.932.622'], ['E01.370.685', 'F04.096.753'], ['E05.796.817', 'F02.830.650', 'F04.669.817', 'G11.561.677'], ['G01.910.857'], ['F02.830.816.964', 'G02.111.820.480.900', 'G04.835.480.900', 'G11.561.790.964', 'G14.935'], ['F02.463.593.932'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Morphological and quantitative study of the Leydig cells of pigs fed with anabolic doses of clenbuterol.
|
The effects of clenbuterol administered at anabolic doses on the testicular interstitium were studied in 30 pigs allocated to three experimental groups. The diet of two groups was supplemented with clenbuterol (Clb) (1 ppm), but whereas in the Clb+ group the treatment was given until slaughter (treatment period: 3 months), in the Clb- group the clenbuterol was withdrawn 2 weeks before slaughter (treatment period: 2-5 months); in the control group, the pigs were fed without clenbuterol. For histological procedures, a fractional sampling scheme was applied and routine techniques for light and transmission electron microscopy were used. The results of subjective morphology and morphometrics showed slight differences between the treated and the control groups. Conversely, the stereological results identified a prominent hyperplasia of the Leydig cells and ultrastructural analysis of these cells revealed a conspicuous increase in the organelles related to testosterone production, suggesting a functional activation of the interstitial cells in response to the clenbuterol treatment.
|
['Adrenergic beta-Agonists', 'Animals', 'Clenbuterol', 'Histocytochemistry', 'Leydig Cells', 'Male', 'Microscopy, Electron', 'Random Allocation', 'Swine']
| 11,883,895
|
[['D27.505.519.625.050.100.200', 'D27.505.696.577.050.100.200'], ['B01.050'], ['D02.033.100.291.231', 'D02.092.063.291.231'], ['E01.370.225.500.607', 'E01.370.225.750.551', 'E05.200.500.607', 'E05.200.750.551', 'H01.158.100.656.234', 'H01.158.201.344', 'H01.181.122.573'], ['A05.360.444.849.513', 'A06.300.312.782.513', 'A11.382.906', 'A11.436.513'], ['E01.370.350.515.402', 'E05.595.402'], ['E05.318.370.700', 'E05.581.500.805', 'N05.715.360.325.675', 'N06.850.520.445.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.880']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Accurate gene-tree reconstruction by learning gene- and species-specific substitution rates across multiple complete genomes.
|
Comparative genomics provides a general methodology for discovering functional DNA elements and understanding their evolution. The availability of many related genomes enables more powerful analyses, but requires rigorous phylogenetic methods to resolve orthologous genes and regions. Here, we use 12 recently sequenced Drosophila genomes and nine fungal genomes to address the problem of accurate gene-tree reconstruction across many complete genomes. We show that existing phylogenetic methods that treat each gene tree in isolation show large-scale inaccuracies, largely due to insufficient phylogenetic information in individual genes. However, we find that gene trees exhibit common properties that can be exploited for evolutionary studies and accurate phylogenetic reconstruction. Evolutionary rates can be decoupled into gene-specific and species-specific components, which can be learned across complete genomes. We develop a phylogenetic reconstruction methodology that exploits these properties and achieves significantly higher accuracy, addressing the species-level heterotachy and enabling studies of gene evolution in the context of species evolution.
|
['Animals', 'Artificial Intelligence', 'Drosophila', 'Evolution, Molecular', 'Genes, Fungal', 'Genes, Insect', 'Genome', 'Genomics', 'Models, Genetic', 'Phylogeny', 'Sequence Alignment', 'Species Specificity', 'Synteny']
| 17,989,260
|
[['B01.050'], ['G17.035.250', 'L01.224.050.375'], ['B01.050.500.131.617.720.500.500.750.310.250'], ['G05.045.250', 'G16.075.250'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.364.500', 'G05.360.340.358.024.500', 'G05.360.340.358.365.500'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.340', 'G05.360.340.357.500'], ['G05.360.340'], ['H01.158.273.180.350', 'H01.158.273.343.350'], ['E05.599.395.397'], ['G05.697', 'G16.075.605', 'L01.100.697'], ['E05.393.751'], ['G16.824'], ['G02.111.810.550.830', 'G05.810.550.830']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Reduction in myocardial ischemic/reperfusion injury and neutrophil accumulation after therapeutic administration of streptokinase.
|
The benefit of thrombolytic agents to reduce myocardial infarct size, improve left ventricular (LV) function, and prolong survival in human subjects is generally recognized, although the precise mechanism is poorly defined. This study was designed to evaluate the cardioprotective effects of streptokinase (SK) in rats, a species less responsive to plasminogen activators, using a model of mechanical occlusion and release of the left coronary artery. Myocardial injury and polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) infiltration were determined by measuring creatine phosphokinase (CPK) specific activity and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, respectively, in the LV free wall (LVFW). After coronary artery occlusion for 0.5 h and reperfusion for 24 h (myocardial ischemia, MI/R), CPK specific activity decreased from 7.0 +/- 0.3 U/mg protein in the sham + vehicle group to 5.6 +/- 0.5 U/mg protein in the MI/R + vehicle group (n = 19, p less than 0.01), while MPO activity increased from 0.14 +/- 0.03 U/g tissue in the sham + vehicle group to 2.8 +/- 0.7 U/g in the MI/R + vehicle group (p less than 0.001). Administration of SK (100,000 IU/kg + 50,000 IU/kg/h for 2 h beginning 15 min before coronary artery reperfusion) reduced the loss of CPK specific activity from reperfused myocardium (6.8 +/- 0.5 U/mg protein, n = 23, p less than 0.05 as compared with the MI/R + vehicle group) and attenuated the increase in MPO activity (1.3 +/- 0.4 U/g tissue, p less than 0.05 as compared with the MI/R + vehicle group). This dose of SK did not change plasma fibrinogen concentration, slightly reduced plasminogen activity (i.e., 20% from control value), and markedly reduced alpha 2-antiplasmin activity (i.e., 60% from control values). A lower dose of SK (i.e., 10,000 IU/kg + 5,000 IU/kg/h for 2 h) did not reduce myocardial injury, did not attenuate the increase in MPO activity, and had no effect on the measured hemostatic parameters. Survival in all MI/R groups ranged from 62 to 66%, and there were no differences in survival between any of the groups (p greater than 0.05). In a model of arachidonic acid-induced rat hindpaw inflammation, SK had no effect on the increase in MPO activity, suggesting that the increase in myocardial MPO activity was not due to a direct effect on inflammatory cell accumulation. In in vitro studies, SK (1-1,000 U/ml) did not scavenge superoxide anion produced by purine (10 mM) and xanthine oxidase (10 mU/ml), nor did it reduce superoxide release, beta-glucuronidase release, or neutrophil aggregation of rabbit peritoneal neutrophils activated with fMLP.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
|
['Animals', 'Cell Aggregation', 'Coronary Disease', 'Coronary Vessels', 'Foot', 'Free Radical Scavengers', 'Glucuronidase', 'Hemodynamics', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Inflammation', 'Male', 'Myocardial Reperfusion Injury', 'Neutrophils', 'Peroxidase', 'Plasminogen Activators', 'Rabbits', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Strains', 'Streptokinase', 'Superoxides']
| 1,723,770
|
[['B01.050'], ['G04.198.251'], ['C14.280.647.250', 'C14.907.585.250'], ['A07.015.114.269', 'A07.015.908.194'], ['A01.378.610.250'], ['D27.505.519.217.500'], ['D08.811.277.450.426'], ['G09.330.380'], ['E05.481'], ['C23.550.470'], ['C14.280.238.615', 'C14.280.647.625', 'C14.907.585.625', 'C14.907.725.600', 'C23.550.767.877.500'], ['A11.118.637.415.583', 'A11.627.340.583', 'A11.733.689', 'A15.145.229.637.415.583', 'A15.382.490.315.583', 'A15.382.680.689'], ['D08.811.682.732.700'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.760.635', 'D08.811.277.656.959.350.635', 'D12.776.124.125.662'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.968.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.775', 'D12.776.124.125.662.537'], ['D01.248.497.158.685.750.850', 'D01.339.431.374.850', 'D01.650.550.750.800', 'D02.389.338.732']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Mytilus galloprovincialis fast growing phenotypes under different restrictive feeding conditions: Fast feeders and energy savers.
|
The present study aims to test if the environmental conditions prevailing during the growing period can determine the physiological profiles of specimens differentiated as fast (F) or slow (S) growers in the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis. We reared mussel spats in the laboratory under two different conditions. In Treatment I (continuous feeding during discontinuous immersion), two mussel groups were submitted to a daily air exposure of 8 h and fed continuously during immersion-time, with either high-quality food dosed below the pseudofaeces threshold (BP group) or low organic content food dosed above the pseudofaeces threshold (AP group). In Treatment II (discontinuous feeding during continuous immersion), mussels were continuously immersed but fed only 1 day per week (RC group). Mussels were reared for 7 and 11 months (time required for size-differentiation) in Treatments I and II, respectively, and the smallest and largest individuals from each group were selected as S and F specimens. A series of feeding experiments (with different food quality, food ration and under continuous food supply) were performed to analyse the physiological performance of selected F and S mussels. In Treatment I, no significant differences were found in the metabolic rates between F and S mussels, and the faster growth rate of F-mussels resulted from their capacity to display higher clearance-ingestion rates and pre-ingestive selections. The physiological basis of growth rate differences between F and S mussels were found to be the same in mussels reared with diets below or above a pseudofaeces threshold (FBP, FAP, SBP and SAP). In contrast, the mussels from Treatment II had no significant differences in the feeding rates between FRC and SRC mussels. However, F individuals were found to have a 33% lower standard metabolic rate, indicating that fast growth under severe feeding restriction stemmed from a higher capacity of F-mussels to save energy during long periods of starvation. Despite the differences in the physiological basis explaining fast growth between the two treatments, F-mussels were found to possess significantly higher gill-surface area in both cases. It is thus concluded that endogenous factors affecting the gill-surface area play a major role in determining inter-individual growth rate differences in the mussel, Mytilus galloprovincialis.
|
['Animals', 'Diet', 'Environmental Monitoring', 'Feeding Behavior', 'Mytilus', 'Phenotype']
| 29,907,318
|
[['B01.050'], ['G07.203.650.240'], ['N06.850.460.350.080', 'N06.850.780.375'], ['F01.145.113.547', 'F01.145.407', 'G07.203.650.353'], ['B01.050.500.644.080.537.500'], ['G05.695']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Pyocyanina contributory factor in haem acquisition and virulence enhancement of Porphyromonas gingivalis in the lung [corrected].
|
Several recent studies show that the lungs infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa are often co-colonised by oral bacteria including black-pigmenting anaerobic (BPA) Porphyromonas species. The BPAs have an absolute haem requirement and their presence in the infected lung indicates that sufficient haem, a virulence up-regulator in BPAs, must be present to support growth. Haemoglobin from micro-bleeds occurring during infection is the most likely source of haem in the lung. Porphyromonas gingivalis displays a novel haem acquisition paradigm whereby haemoglobin must be firstly oxidised to methaemoglobin, facilitating haem release, either by gingipain proteolysis or capture via the haem-binding haemophore HmuY. P. aeruginosa produces the blue phenazine redox compound, pyocyanin. Since phenazines can oxidise haemoglobin, it follows that pyocyanin may also facilitate haem acquisition by promoting methaemoglobin production. Here we show that pyocyanin at concentrations found in the CF lung during P. aeruginosa infections rapidly oxidises oxyhaemoglobin in a dose-dependent manner. We demonstrate that methaemoglobin formed by pyocyanin is also susceptible to proteolysis by P. gingivalis Kgp gingipain and neutrophil elastase, thus releasing haem. Importantly, co-incubation of oxyhaemoglobin with pyocyanin facilitates haem pickup from the resulting methemoglobin by the P. gingivalis HmuY haemophore. Mice intra-tracheally challenged with viable P. gingivalis cells plus pyocyanin displayed increased mortality compared to those administered P. gingivalis alone. Pyocyanin significantly elevated both methaemoglobin and total haem levels in homogenates of mouse lungs and increased the level of arginine-specific gingipain activity from mice inoculated with viable P. gingivalis cells plus pyocyanin compared with mice inoculated with P. gingivalis only. These findings indicate that pyocyanin, by promoting haem availability through methaemoglobin formation and stimulating of gingipain production, may contribute to virulence of P. gingivalis and disease severity when co-infecting with P. aeruginosa in the lung.
|
['Animals', 'Heme', 'Leukocyte Elastase', 'Lung', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Oxidation-Reduction', 'Oxyhemoglobins', 'Porphyromonas gingivalis', 'Pyocyanine', 'Virulence']
| 25,706,529
|
[['B01.050'], ['D03.383.129.578.840.500.640.587', 'D03.633.400.909.500.640.587', 'D04.345.783.500.640.587', 'D23.767.727.640.587'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.760.560.500', 'D08.811.277.656.959.350.560.500'], ['A04.411'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['G02.700', 'G03.295.531'], ['D12.776.124.400.707', 'D12.776.422.316.762.687'], ['B03.440.080.094.625.515', 'B03.440.425.410.194.625.515'], ['D03.633.300.704.700', 'D23.767.860'], ['G06.930']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
A poly(å-caprolactone) device for sustained release of an anti-glaucoma drug.
|
Implantable dorzolamide-loaded discs were prepared by blending poly(å-caprolactone), PCL, with poly(ethylene oxide)-b-poly(propylene oxide)-b-poly(ethylene oxide), Lu. By blending, crystallinity, water uptake and mass loss were modified relative to the pure polymers. Burst was diminished by coating the discs with a PCL shell. All samples presented burst release except PCL-coated samples that showed controlled release during 18 days. For PCL-coated samples, barrier control of diffusion coupled with partition control from the core slowed down the release, while for 50/50 Lu/PCL-coated samples, the enhancement in the porosity of the core diminished partition control of drug release. Nonlinear regression analysis suggested that a degradation model fully describes the release curve considering a triphasic release mechanism: the instantaneous diffusion (burst), diffusion and polymer degradation stages. The MTT test indicated that the materials are not cytotoxic for corneal endothelial cells. A good in vitro-in vivo correlation was obtained, with similar amounts of drug released in vitro and in vivo. The discs decreased intraocular pressure (IOP) in normotensive rabbit eyes by 13.0% during 10 days for PCL-coated and by 13.0% during 4 days for 50/50 Lu/PCL-coated samples. The percentages of IOP decrease are similar to those obtained by dorzolamide eyedrop instillation (11.0%).
|
['Animals', 'Antihypertensive Agents', 'Biocompatible Materials', 'Calorimetry, Differential Scanning', 'Cornea', 'Delayed-Action Preparations', 'Diffusion', 'Drug Delivery Systems', 'Glaucoma', 'Polyesters', 'Polymers', 'Porosity', 'Rabbits', 'Regression Analysis', 'Sulfonamides', 'Tetrazolium Salts', 'Thiazoles', 'Thiophenes', 'X-Ray Diffraction']
| 21,293,056
|
[['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.411.162'], ['D25.130', 'D27.720.102.130', 'J01.637.051.130'], ['E05.196.131.310', 'E05.196.370.310'], ['A09.371.060.217'], ['D26.255.210', 'E02.319.300.253'], ['G01.202', 'G02.196'], ['E02.319.300'], ['C11.525.381'], ['D05.750.728', 'D25.720.728', 'J01.637.051.720.728'], ['D05.750', 'D25.720', 'J01.637.051.720'], ['G01.374.710'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.968.700'], ['E05.318.740.750', 'N05.715.360.750.695', 'N06.850.520.830.750'], ['D02.065.884', 'D02.886.590.700'], ['D03.383.129.617.700'], ['D02.886.675', 'D03.383.129.708'], ['D02.886.778', 'D03.383.903'], ['E05.196.309.742', 'E05.196.822.950', 'G01.867.950', 'G02.965']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Cytopathic and non-cytopathic biotypes of border disease virus induce polypeptides of different molecular weight with common antigenic determinants.
|
Ten monoclonal antibodies have been raised against lysates of cells infected with cytopathic border disease virus (BDV). These antibodies all recognize non-cytopathic BDV and react with a number of different strains of bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV). Studies with radiolabelled cell lysates show that all the antibodies precipitate two polypeptides of apparent Mr 80,000 and 130,000 from cells infected with cytopathic virus and a single polypeptide of apparent Mr 120,000 from cells infected with non-cytopathic virus. Two of the monoclonal antibodies react on immunoblots and show the same pattern of reactivity indicating that these three polypeptides are antigenically related.
|
['Animals', 'Antibodies, Monoclonal', 'Antigens, Viral', 'Border Disease', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Epitopes', 'Fluorescent Antibody Technique', 'Immunoblotting', 'Mice', 'Molecular Weight', 'Pestivirus', 'Viral Proteins']
| 1,693,167
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224'], ['D23.050.327'], ['C01.925.782.350.675.100', 'C22.836.160'], ['A11.251'], ['D23.050.550'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512.240', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512.240', 'E05.200.500.607.512.240', 'E05.200.750.551.512.240', 'E05.478.583.375'], ['E05.478.566.320', 'E05.601.470.320'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['G02.494'], ['B04.820.578.344.700'], ['D12.776.964']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[The oro-cervical lesions in patients with malignant hemopathy at the National Hospital at Donka-Conakry].
|
The oro-cervical lesions observed during the malignant hemopathy can take various aspects and several tissues like the mouth, salivary glands, and bones of the face may be involved. The objectives of this study were to assess the status of the oral and cervical regions in patients with malignant hemopathy and to describe oral and cervical lesions observed. Prospective and descriptive study was conducted from January 2004 to October 2006 in Stomatology & Maxillofacial Surgery and Hemato-Oncology Services in Donka National Hospital. During this period, 44 patients were examined. They were 26 men and 18 women. The oro-cervical lesions commonly encountered were: the cervical lymphadenopathy in 27.27% cases, followed by hyperplasic gingivitis: 20.45% and stomatitis: 13.63% of cases. The malignant hemopathy, accompanied by oro-cervical lesions that are sometimes the first sign of these diseases. Hyperplasic gingivitis, stomatitis and cervical lymphadenopathy without obvious cause must attract the attention of stomatologists. In a framework of collaboration the stomatologist can contribute to improving the health status of patients with malignant hemopathy early in the appropriate management of oro-cervical lesions.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Female', 'Hematologic Neoplasms', 'Hospitals', 'Humans', 'Lymphatic Diseases', 'Male', 'Mouth Diseases', 'Neck', 'Prospective Studies', 'Young Adult']
| 19,666,360
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['C04.588.448', 'C15.378.400'], ['N02.278.421'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C15.604'], ['C07.465'], ['A01.598'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Intra-aortic balloon pumping: theory and practice. Experience with 325 patients.
|
Intra-aortic balloon pumping to support the failing circulation is now an accepted therapeutic modality. The device is simple. Insertion can be accomplished rapidly and efficiently in emergency rooms, coronary care units, cardiac catheterization suites and operating rooms, preoperatively, intraoperatively and postoperatively. The hemodynamic effects are immediate and predictable, and the accruing clinical results show increasing survival and hospital discharge rates. In these institutions, mechanical support of the circulation by this and more advanced methods has been formalized within the responsibility of a Circulatory Support Service. The purpose of this report is to summarize some observations and analyses which have been made during care of 325 consecutive postcardiotomy and/or postinfarction cardiogenic shock patients. Historical, theoretical, basic, and applied aspects and current results are included. Foremost are the straightforward concepts of considering the heart as a pump, the failing heart as a failing pump and intra-aortic balloon pumping as a temporary intravascular, auxiliary pump, capable of stabilizing or reversing that failure if utilized early in its evolution.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Assisted Circulation', 'Female', 'Hemodynamics', 'Humans', 'Intra-Aortic Balloon Pumping', 'Male', 'Middle Aged']
| 708,286
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E04.050'], ['G09.330.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E04.050.215.400'], ['M01.060.116.630']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Disc spaces, vertebral dimensions, and angle values at the lumbar region: a radioanatomical perspective in spines with L5-S1 transitions: clinical article.
|
OBJECT: Low-back pain (LBP) has been associated with lumbar spines of normal morphology as well as those with L5-S1 "transitional" vertebrae. It is hard to find literature that quantifies the overall morphological changes in lumbar spines as related to transitional states. The object of this study was to investigate lumbar spine changes resulting from the presence of these transitional states.METHODS: The author quantified dimensions and angles and statistically compared the morphology of lumbar spines with or without L5-S1 transitions in the context of LBP. Anteroposterior and lateral radiographs were obtained from 50 patients suffering from LBP without transitional anomalies at the L5-S1 junction. These radiographs were compared with anteroposterior and lateral radiographs from patients suffering from LBP with L5-S1 transitional states involving accessory L5-S1 articulations, and with anteroposterior and lateral radiographs from patients with L5-S1 unilateral or bilateral fusions. Twelve linear dimensions from the anteroposterior views and 8 angles from the lateral radiographs were measured.RESULTS: The mean values of linear dimensions differed in 1) disc heights, 2) vertebral heights and widths, 3) pedicles and interpedicular distances, 4) angle values, and 5) overall configuration of the lumbar curvatures.CONCLUSIONS: The L5-S1 accessory articulations led to increased lordotic curves, L-5 vertebral heights, and pedicle and angular dimensions. The L5-S1 fusions were related to smaller disc heights at all spaces, short and wide L-5 pedicles, taller and less wide transverse processes, and overall straighter spines with the least measures for all lumbar angles. Dimensional differences provided in this study may help in placing instrumentation at the lumbar vertebrae and working on intervertebral disc replacements in spines with specific L5-S1 transitional anomalies.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Intervertebral Disc', 'Lumbar Vertebrae', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Radiography', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Sacrum']
| 21,740,126
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A02.165.308.410', 'A02.835.232.834.432', 'A10.165.382.350.050'], ['A02.835.232.834.519'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.370.350.700'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['A02.835.232.834.717']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Case report: Acute Intermittent Porphyria in a 21 year-old active duty male.
|
Acute Intermittent Porphyria (AIP) is one of a group of rare metabolic disorders arising from reduced activity of any of the enzymes in the heme biosynthetic pathway. The porphyrias can be very difficult for the practitioner to understand. There are several types of porphyrias, which have been known by various different names and are classified from different perspectives1 based on where the defective synthesis site is, or what the clinical manifestations are. Since practitioners rarely encounter this disease process, it is commonly not considered in the differential diagnoses. AIP can be confused with other causes of acute abdominal disorders such as appendicitis with peritonitis or nephrolithiasis. Patients with AIP typically give a history of constipation, fatigue, irritability, and insomnia that precede their acute attack. Symptoms occur intermittently in some patients with acute attacks lasting for several days or longer and were usually followed by complete recovery. This case report deals with an initial presentation of AIP in an otherwise healthy 21-year-old active duty male Soldier. Clinical presentation, diagnosis and treatment are discussed as is a brief historical anecdote.
|
['Humans', 'Male', 'Military Personnel', 'Porphyria, Acute Intermittent', 'Young Adult']
| 21,706,462
|
[['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.526.625'], ['C06.552.830.150', 'C16.320.850.742.150', 'C17.800.827.742.150', 'C18.452.811.400.150'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Disease patterns of juvenile dermatomyositis from Western India.
|
A retrospective assessment of clinical characteristics, complications/ associations, laboratory investigations, treatment modalities and outcome in an inceptional cohort of 22 (male-13) children with juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM) receiving treatment at Jaslok Hospital, Mumbai during 1997- 2012 was performed . Mean age at diagnosis was 7.52 ± 3.99 years. Typical skin rash and muscle weakness were present in all children. Common complications included cutaneous ulcers (27.27%), dysphagia (22.72%) and calcinosis (18.18%).All patients presented with at least one of the serum muscle enzymes elevated. Absence of mortality and cardio-pulmonary complications and a monocyclic course in 72.7% of our patients are at variance from Western series.
|
['Adolescent', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Dermatomyositis', 'Female', 'Humans', 'India', 'Male', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Steroids', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 23,798,628
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['C05.651.594.819.500', 'C10.668.491.562.575.500', 'C17.300.250', 'C17.800.185'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.252.245.393'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['D04.210.500'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Need for eye and vision care in an underserved population: refractive errors and other ocular anomalies in the Sioux.
|
The Native American population has a significant unmet need for eye and vision care. Beginning with the onset of continuous eye care on two reservations in North and South Dakota, a compilation was done of refractive errors and other clinical findings in 1886 Sioux Indians. The results are similar to previous findings in the Navajo, Cheyenne, and Zuni Indians. This paper contributes to the epidemiological characterization of an underserved population, demonstrates the degree of unmet needs before continuous eye care services, and hopefully will aid in the planning, implementation, and evaluation of optometric care for such groups.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Age Factors', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Delivery of Health Care', 'Eye', 'Eye Diseases', 'Female', 'Health Services', 'Humans', 'Indians, North American', 'Infant', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Male', 'Medically Underserved Area', 'Middle Aged', 'Refractive Errors', 'Vision, Ocular', 'Visual Acuity']
| 3,740,210
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['N04.590.374', 'N05.300'], ['A01.456.505.420', 'A09.371'], ['C11'], ['N02.421'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.686.508.150.600'], ['M01.060.703'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['N03.349.650.340', 'N05.300.450.520'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C11.744'], ['F02.830.816.964', 'G02.111.820.480.900', 'G04.835.480.900', 'G11.561.790.964', 'G14.935'], ['E01.370.380.850.950', 'F02.463.593.932.901', 'G14.940']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Bacillus subtilis division protein DivIVA - screen for stable oligomer state conditions.
|
The cell division protein DivIVA is predicted to be a coiled-coil, tropomyosin-like protein, that self-associates both in vivo and in vitro into oligomers of up to 10-12 monomers. A simple and quick screen for conditions supporting the stable oligomer structure has been developed revealing that DivIVA forms a homogeneous oligomer in the presence of PEGs (PEG 4 K or PEG 8K and PEG 1K).
|
['Bacillus subtilis', 'Bacterial Proteins', 'Cell Cycle Proteins', 'Crystallization', 'Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel', 'Protein Structure, Quaternary', 'Recombinant Proteins']
| 12,351,857
|
[['B03.300.390.400.158.218.725', 'B03.353.500.100.218.725', 'B03.510.100.100.218.725', 'B03.510.415.400.158.218.725', 'B03.510.460.410.158.218.725'], ['D12.776.097'], ['D12.776.167'], ['E05.196.300', 'G02.171'], ['E05.196.401.402', 'E05.301.300.319'], ['G02.111.570.820.709.550'], ['D12.776.828']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Responding to trainee doctors in difficulty.
|
Appropriate workload, good clinical and educational supervision and rigorous appraisal routines will prevent a number of trainees developing difficulties. When difficulties do occur the presence of such arrangements will facilitate appropriate emotional and practical handling of these problems.
|
['Defense Mechanisms', 'Education, Medical, Graduate', 'Employee Discipline', 'Employee Performance Appraisal', 'Humans', 'Medical Staff, Hospital', 'Physician Impairment', 'State Medicine', 'United Kingdom']
| 10,953,743
|
[['F01.393'], ['I02.358.337.350', 'I02.358.399.350'], ['N04.452.677.358'], ['N04.452.677.370'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.526.485.630.490', 'M01.526.485.740.422', 'N02.360.630.490', 'N02.360.740.422'], ['I01.880.604.583.524.528.500', 'N03.706.535.606.528.500'], ['N03.349.550.902', 'N03.858'], ['Z01.542.363']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Relationship between obesity's adverse health risk and body mass index in African-American women.
|
Overweight and obesity are major threats to public health in the United States, affecting more than 60% of the adult population. African-American women are disproportionately represented in the largest increases of overweight and obese Americans, and they are at greater risk for poor health and obesity's related disorders. This descriptive study assessed African-American women's knowledge of obesity's adverse consequences and examined the relationship between their knowledge of obesity's health risk and their body mass index (BMI). Data were analyzed using Pearson Product Moment Correlation, ANOVA, paired t test, and Chi-square test. Findings from the study suggested that African-American women in this study had a moderate knowledge of obesity's adverse consequences. No relationship was observed between African-American women's knowledge of obesity's adverse consequences and their BMIs. In addition, findings suggested that there is a strong need to develop educational programs addressing obesity's adverse consequences, targeting women with a high school or less education.
|
['Adult', 'African Continental Ancestry Group', 'Aged', 'Analysis of Variance', 'Body Mass Index', 'Chi-Square Distribution', 'Health Status', 'Humans', 'Middle Aged', 'Obesity', 'Risk Assessment', 'United States']
| 19,397,051
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.686.508.100'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E05.318.740.150', 'N05.715.360.750.125', 'N06.850.520.830.150'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.125', 'E05.041.124.125', 'G07.100.100.125', 'N06.850.505.200.100.175'], ['E05.318.740.994.300', 'G17.820.300', 'N05.715.360.750.750.200', 'N06.850.520.830.994.300'], ['I01.240.425', 'N01.224.425', 'N06.850.505.400.425'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C18.654.726.500', 'C23.888.144.699.500', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120.699.500', 'G07.100.100.160.120.699.500'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.715', 'N04.452.871.715', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.690', 'N06.850.505.715', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.715'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Genomic characterization, kinetics, and pathways of sulfamethazine biodegradation by Paenarthrobacter sp. A01.
|
Biodegradation is an important route for the removal of sulfamethazine (SMZ), one of the most commonly used sulfonamide antibiotics, in the environment. However, little information is known about the kinetics, products, and pathways of SMZ biodegradation owing to the complexity of its enzyme-based biotransformation processes. In this study, the SMZ-degrading strain A01 belonging to the genus Paenarthrobacter was isolated from SMZ-enriched activated sludge reactors. The bacterial cells were rod-shaped with transient branches 2.50-4.00 ìm in length with most forming in a V-shaped arrangement. The genome size of Paenarthrobacter sp. A01 had a total length of 4,885,005 bp with a GC content of 63.5%, and it contained 104 contigs and 55 RNAs. The effects of pH, temperature, initial substrate concentration and additional carbon source on the biodegradation of SMZ were investigated. The results indicated that pH 6.0-7.8, 25 °C and the addition of 0.2 g/L sodium acetate favored the biodegradation, whereas a high concentration of SMZ, 500 mg/L, had an inhibitory effect. The biodegradation kinetics with SMZ as the sole carbon source or 0.2 g/L sodium acetate as the co-substrate fit the modified Gompertz model well with a correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.99. Three biodegradation pathways were proposed involving nine biodegradation products, among which C6H9N3O2S and C12H12N2 were two novel biodegradation products that have not been reported previously. Approximately 90.7% of SMZ was transformed to 2-amino-4, 6-dimethylpyrimidine. Furthermore, sad genes responsible for catabolizing sulfonamides were characterized in A01 with high similarities of 96.0%-100.0%. This study will fill the knowledge gap in the biodegradation of this ubiquitous micropollutant in the aquatic environment.
|
['Anti-Bacterial Agents', 'Biodegradation, Environmental', 'Genome, Bacterial', 'Kinetics', 'Micrococcaceae', 'Sewage', 'Sulfamethazine', 'Water Pollutants, Chemical']
| 31,330,364
|
[['D27.505.954.122.085'], ['N06.230.080.600.500', 'N06.850.460.375.500'], ['G05.360.340.358.207'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['B03.510.024.850', 'B03.510.400.500'], ['D20.944.932.500'], ['D02.065.884.725.862', 'D02.092.146.807.862', 'D02.886.590.700.725.862'], ['D27.888.284.903.655']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Aqueous injection of quercetin: An approach for confirmation of its direct in vivo cardiovascular effects.
|
Potential positive effects of flavonol quercetin on humans were suggested by many studies. However, it is not clear if these effects are mediated by quercetin or its metabolites. The in vivo confirmation of quercetin effects is largely hindered by its low water solubility and thus impossibility to test directly its impact. Therefore, a solid dispersion of quercetin with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) was developed to prepare an injectable formulation of water-soluble quercetin. The optimized formulation provided a 20,000-fold increase in quercetin solubility. This formulation was tested on conventional and spontaneously hypertensive rats; it lowered their blood pressure in both short- and long-term basis. Pharmacokinetic data are also provided. This study reports for the first time an injectable water-soluble formulation of quercetin suitable for confirmation of its vascular effect in vivo.
|
['Animals', 'Antihypertensive Agents', 'Biological Availability', 'Blood Pressure', 'Chemistry, Pharmaceutical', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Drug Compounding', 'Humans', 'Hypertension', 'Injections, Intravenous', 'Male', 'Particle Size', 'Povidone', 'Quercetin', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred SHR', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Solubility', 'Water']
| 29,474,897
|
[['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.411.162'], ['G03.787.151', 'G07.690.725.129'], ['E01.370.600.875.249', 'G09.330.380.076'], ['H01.158.703.007', 'H01.181.466'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['E05.916.270'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C14.907.489'], ['E02.319.267.082.750', 'E02.319.267.530.540'], ['G02.712'], ['D02.455.326.271.884.533.699', 'D03.383.773.812.615', 'D05.750.716.721.838', 'D25.720.716.721.838', 'J01.637.051.720.716.721.838'], ['D03.383.663.283.266.450.284.777', 'D03.633.100.150.266.450.284.777'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760.300', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900'], ['G02.805'], ['D01.045.250.875', 'D01.248.497.158.459.650', 'D01.650.550.925']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Cannulation of the ascending aorta for cardiopulmonary bypass. Experience with 9,000 cases.
|
The Cleveland Clinic team has now accumulated experience with cannulation of the ascending aorta for arterial return in more than 9,000 patients. Since adoption of this technique, only one lethal dissection has occurred and other related complications have been minimal. Technique, surgical pitfalls, contraindications, and complications of ascending aortic cannulation are discussed in this communication.
|
['Aorta', 'Aortic Aneurysm', 'Cardiopulmonary Bypass', 'Catheterization', 'Extracorporeal Circulation', 'Humans']
| 1,246,151
|
[['A07.015.114.056'], ['C14.907.055.239', 'C14.907.109.139'], ['E04.292.413'], ['E02.148', 'E05.157'], ['E04.292'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Effects of TVE application during 70% hepatectomy on regeneration capacity of rats.
|
BACKGROUND: For adequate control of excess bleeding during liver resection, total vascular exclusion (TVE) is preferred by surgeons, especially when the tumor is located in the posterior liver lobes or near the cava. To the authors' knowledge, the effects of TVE technique on the postoperative liver regeneration process have not thus far been evaluated yet in the literature. This study was planned to compare the effects of liver resections performed either with portal pedicle clamping or with TVE on the regeneration process.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventy percent hepatectomy was performed with portal pedicle clamping (n=10, Group A) or with TVE (n=10, Group B) in rats. At 48 h after resection, sampling was performed for the measurement of serum transaminase, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), tissue malondialdehyde (MDA), and glutathione (GSH) levels. Liver regeneration rate, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) labeling, and mitotic indices were also evaluated.RESULTS: Liver injury determinants (serum transaminases, ALP, and tissue MDA levels) were found significantly higher in group B than in group A. Liver regeneration rate, liver GSH levels, PCNA labeling index, and mitotic index were significantly lower in group B than in group A.CONCLUSIONS: The injury during TVE seems to be greater than during resection with portal pedicle clamping. The negative effect of this oxidative damage may influence the regenerative capacity of the remnant liver tissue.
|
['Animals', 'Constriction', 'Hepatectomy', 'Hepatic Artery', 'Hepatic Veins', 'Ischemia', 'Liver', 'Liver Regeneration', 'Male', 'Models, Animal', 'Necrosis', 'Oxidative Stress', 'Portal Vein', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Vascular Surgical Procedures']
| 15,734,492
|
[['B01.050'], ['E05.225'], ['E04.210.556'], ['A07.015.114.407'], ['A07.015.908.380'], ['C23.550.513'], ['A03.620'], ['G10.261.475', 'G16.762.468'], ['E05.598'], ['C23.550.717'], ['G03.673', 'G07.775.750'], ['A07.015.908.670.567'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900'], ['E04.100.814']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Does the clinical evaluation of the cardiac status predict outcome in patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms?
|
A cost-effective method to reduce mortality rates after abdominal aortic aneurysm repair centers on selecting and investigating only those patients at risk for cardiac-related death. All 146 patients undergoing asymptomatic abdominal aortic aneurysm repair over a 5-year period (1986 to 1990) were retrospectively placed into one of the three following groups on the basis of a clinical evaluation. Group I: no history of myocardial infarction or angina, no congestive heart failure, and no ischemic changes on electrocardiogram (ECG). Group II: history of myocardial infarction or class I-II angina or ischemic changes on ECG. Group III: presence of congestive heart failure or class III-IV angina. Patients in group I had no further cardiac work-up; patients in group II with angina had left ventricular ejection fraction assessment by multiple gated acquisition (all greater than 37%) and were cleared for operation by a cardiologist; patients in group II without angina had no further cardiac work-up; patients in group III had coronary angiography and then coronary revascularization. The overall mortality rate was 4.8%, with a cardiac mortality rate of 3.4%. The mortality rate in group I (n = 64) was 1.8%, with no cardiac-related deaths; the mortality rate in group II (n = 63) was 9.5% (8% cardiac-related deaths). No deaths occurred in group III (n = 19). The difference between the cardiac mortality rates in groups I and II was significant (p = 0.02) as was the postoperative cardiac morbidity: total myocardial infarctions (p less than 0.001); congestive heart failure (p = 0.02); tachyarrhythmias (p = 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
|
['Aged', 'Aorta, Abdominal', 'Aortic Aneurysm', 'Coronary Disease', 'Female', 'Heart Diseases', 'Heart Failure', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Risk Factors', 'Tachycardia', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 1,597,894
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['A07.015.114.056.205'], ['C14.907.055.239', 'C14.907.109.139'], ['C14.280.647.250', 'C14.907.585.250'], ['C14.280'], ['C14.280.434'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.370.800.650', 'N05.715.360.325.700.640', 'N06.850.520.445.800.650'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['C14.280.067.845', 'C14.280.123.875', 'C23.550.073.845'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
[Voluminous nodular splenomegaly in Gaucher disease: a case report].
|
Patients affected by type 1 Gaucher disease (an autosomal recessive inheritance lysosome storage disorder) develop nodular splenomegaly in 20 to 30% of cases where imiglucerase therapy proves ineffective. The lack of response to imiglucerase therapy on spleen nodules could be an indication of the existence or development of a malignant spleen. We report a 47-year-old man with Gaucher disease who presented with a voluminous splenic nodule, in whom therapy was delayed. Regular monitoring of patients is the most important factor to predict and therefore prevent morbidity.
|
['Gaucher Disease', 'Humans', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Spleen', 'Splenomegaly']
| 19,375,198
|
[['C10.228.140.163.100.435.825.400', 'C16.320.565.189.435.825.400', 'C16.320.565.398.641.803.441', 'C16.320.565.595.554.825.400', 'C18.452.132.100.435.825.400', 'C18.452.584.687.803.441', 'C18.452.648.189.435.825.400', 'C18.452.648.398.641.803.441', 'C18.452.648.595.554.825.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['A10.549.700', 'A15.382.520.604.700'], ['C23.300.775.750']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Associations Among Mucosal and Transmural Healing and Fecal Level of Calprotectin in Children With Crohn's Disease.
|
BACKGROUND & AIMS: Bowel healing is an important goal of therapy for patients with Crohn's disease (CD). Although there have been many studies of mucosal healing, transmural healing (ie, in the bowel wall) has not been investigated in children. We analyzed data from the ImageKids study to determine associations among mucosal, transmural healing and levels of calprotectin and C-reactive protein in children with CD.METHODS: We collected data from a multi-center study designed to develop 2 magnetic resonance enterography (MRE)-based measures for children with CD (6-18 years old). In our analysis of 151 children (mean age, 14.2 ± 2.4 years), all patients underwent MRE and a complete ileocolonoscopic evaluation; fecal levels of calprotectin and blood levels of C-reactive protein were measured. Mucosal healing was defined as simple endoscopic severity index in CD score below 3, transmural healing as an MRE visual analogue score below 20 mm, and deep healing as a combination of transmural and mucosal healing.RESULTS: We identified mucosal healing with transmural inflammation in 9 children (6%), transmural healing with mucosal inflammation in 38 children (25%), deep healing in 21 children (14%), and mucosal and transmural inflammation in 83 children (55%). The median level of calprotectin was lowest in children with deep healing (mean level, 10 ìg/g; interquartile range, 10-190 ìg/g), followed by children with either transmural or mucosal inflammation, and highest in children with mucosal and transmural inflammation (810 ìg/g; interquartile range, 539-1737 ìg/g) (P < .001). Fecal level of calprotectin identified children with deep healing with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve value of 0.93 (95% CI, 0.89-0.98); level of C-reactive protein identified children with deep healing with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve value of 0.81 (95% CI, 0.71-0.9). A calprotectin cutoff value of 100 ìg/g identified children with deep healing with 71% sensitivity and 92% specificity; a cutoff value of 300 ìg/g identified children with mucosal healing with 80% sensitivity and 81% specificity.CONCLUSIONS: In a prospective study of children with CD, we found that one-third have healing in only the mucosa or the bowel wall (not both). Levels of fecal calprotectin below 300 ìg/identify children with mucosal healing, but a lower cutoff value (below 100 ìg/g) is needed to identify children with deep healing. Clinicaltrials.gov no: NCT01881490.
|
['Adolescent', 'Blood Chemical Analysis', 'C-Reactive Protein', 'Child', 'Crohn Disease', 'Drug Monitoring', 'Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal', 'Feces', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Intestines', 'Leukocyte L1 Antigen Complex', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Prospective Studies', 'Sensitivity and Specificity']
| 29,501,599
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['E01.370.225.124.100', 'E05.200.124.100'], ['D12.776.034.145', 'D12.776.124.050.120', 'D12.776.124.486.157'], ['M01.060.406'], ['C06.405.205.731.500', 'C06.405.469.432.500'], ['E01.370.520.200'], ['E01.370.372.250.250', 'E01.370.388.250.250.250', 'E04.210.240.250', 'E04.502.250.250.250'], ['A12.459'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A03.556.124'], ['D12.776.157.125.750.500', 'D12.776.631.655.500', 'D23.050.301.562'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
The brain and its main anatomical subdivisions in living hominoids using magnetic resonance imaging.
|
Primary comparative data on the hominoid brain are scarce and major neuroanatomical differences between humans and apes have not yet been described satisfactorily, even at the gross level. Basic questions that involve the evolution of the human brain cannot be addressed adequately unless the brains of all extant hominoid species are analyzed. Contrary to the scarcity of original data, there is a rich literature on the topic of human brain evolution and several debates exist on the size of particular sectors of the brain, e.g., the frontal lobe. In this study we applied a non-invasive imaging technique (magnetic resonance) on living human, great ape and lesser ape subjects in order to investigate the overall size of the hominoid brain. The images were reconstructed in three dimensions and volumetric estimates were obtained for the brain and its main anatomical sectors, including the frontal and temporal lobes, the insula, the parieto-occipital sector and the cerebellum.A remarkable homogeneity is present in the relative size of many of the large sectors of the hominoid brain, but interspecific and intraspecific variation exists in certain parts of the brain. The human cerebellum is smaller than expected for an ape brain of human size. It is suggested that the cerebellum increased less than the cerebrum after the split of the human lineage from the African ancestral hominoid stock. In contrast, humans have a slightly larger temporal lobe and insula than expected, but differences are not statistically significant. Humans do not have a larger frontal lobe than expected for an ape brain of human size and gibbons have a relatively smaller frontal lobe than the rest of the hominoids. Given the fact that the frontal lobe in humans and great apes has similar relative size, it is parsimonious to suggest that the relative size of the whole of the frontal lobe has not changed significantly during hominid evolution in the Plio-Pleistocene.
|
['Animals', 'Brain Mapping', 'Gorilla gorilla', 'Hominidae', 'Humans', 'Hylobates', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Pan paniscus', 'Pan troglodytes', 'Pongo pygmaeus']
| 10,656,781
|
[['B01.050'], ['E01.370.350.578.875.500', 'E01.370.376.537.625.500', 'E05.629.875.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.375'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.420.390'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.600'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.620'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.635.650']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Minilaparoscopic (needlescopic) cholecystectomy: a study of 1,011 cases.
|
BACKGROUND: The safety and feasibility of minilaparoscopic cholecystectomy has not been documented with a large patient sample. This study reports the results of 1,011 minilaparoscopic cholecystectomies performed in a single institution.METHODS: From November 1997 to May 2002, 1,023 consecutive patients underwent minilaparoscopic cholecystectomy at National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. Patients with clinical evidence of common bile duct stones (1 patient) and combined surgery for other purposes (11 patients) were excluded. The operative indication, total operative time, conversion rate, hospital stay, morbidity and mortality of 1,011 patients were reviewed and statistically analyzed.RESULTS: Minilaparoscopic cholecystectomy was performed in 1,009 of 1,011 patients (375 males and 636 female; mean age, 54.8 years; range 13-92 years). The total operative time was 68.8 +/- 31.9 min. The total hospital stay was 2.5 +/- 2 days. One patient (0.10%) underwent conversion to open cholecystectomy because of common hepatic duct laceration. One patient (0.10%) underwent conversion to standard laparoscopic cholecystectomy for control of cystic artery bleeding. Ten patients (0.99%) experienced major complications including intraabdominal abscess (1 patient), bile leakage (5 patients), major bile duct injury (2 patients), bowel injury (1 patient), and postoperative hemorrhage (1 patient). Eleven patients (1.09%) had minor complications including wound infection, incisional herniation, postoperative ileus, and acute urine retention. One patient (0.10%) with bleeding tendency succumbed to postoperative hemorrhage.CONCLUSIONS: Minilaparoscopic cholecystectomy is a technically demanding approach. Our results indicate that this procedure could be performed successfully and safely by experienced surgical teams.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Needles', 'Postoperative Complications']
| 15,791,373
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['E04.210.120.172.140', 'E04.502.250.520.160'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E07.612'], ['C23.550.767']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
[Effect of the brain 5-HT2 receptor blockade on gastric mucosa damage caused by social stress in males of two mouse strains].
|
Mice-losers in social conflicts had an increased number of haemorrhages and erosions in gastric mucosa as compared with the control and winners-mice. Administration of ciproheptadine and/or ketanserin enhanced the neurogenic gastric damage both in the winners and in control mice. The CBA strain mice were more sensitive to the damaging effects of the drugs than the C57-strain winners. The experience of social confrontations seems to change the gastric mucosa condition and to modify the mucosa response to the brain serotonine receptor blockade, depending on the social confrontations outcome and the animals' genotype.
|
['Animals', 'Conflict, Psychological', 'Cyproheptadine', 'Gastric Mucosa', 'Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage', 'Ketanserin', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Mice, Inbred CBA', 'Receptors, Serotonin', 'Serotonin Antagonists', 'Species Specificity', 'Stress, Psychological']
| 10,643,606
|
[['B01.050'], ['F01.658.209'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.181.384.340', 'D03.383.621.160', 'D04.615.181.384.340'], ['A03.556.875.875.440', 'A10.615.550.291'], ['C06.405.227', 'C23.550.414.788'], ['D03.383.621.365', 'D03.633.100.786.830.333'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.440', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.440'], ['D12.776.543.750.670.800', 'D12.776.543.750.695.800', 'D12.776.543.750.720.850'], ['D27.505.519.625.850.850', 'D27.505.696.577.850.850'], ['G16.824'], ['F01.145.126.990', 'F02.830.900']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Effects of supplementation with branched-chain amino acids on protein-nutritional status in rats treated by carbon tetrachloride].
|
A study was conducted to investigate effects of oral supplementation with branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) on protein-nutritional status in rats with liver cirrhosis. Liver cirrhosis was induced in male strain Sprague-Dawley rats by simultaneously administrating carbon tetrachloride (500 mg/kg, twice a week, intracutaneously) and phenobarbital (0.05% in drinking water, ad libitum) for 30 weeks. Following treatment with carbon tetrachloride and phenobarbital, cirrhotic rats received oral supplementation of BCAA with varying ratio among isoleucine (Ile), leucine (Leu) and valine (Val), or with varying content of total BCAA in the diet (Final content of total nitrogen was kept consistent by addition of glutamine). Nutritional efficacies of diets as described above were evaluated employing those protein-nutritional parameters as nitrogen balance and plasma levels of total protein, albumin and free neutral amino acids. Following results were obtained: 1. Compositional ratio of Ile:Leu:Val at 1:2:1.2 or at 2:1:1 was found to be more effective on diets which contained ILe:Leu:Val at 1:1:2 or either Val, Ile or Leu alone. 2. As to content of total BCAA in the diet (0, 2.5, 5, 10%), supplementation level of 2.5% was found to be most appropriate in terms of effects on nitrogen balance and on plasma protein concentration. In conclusion, 2.5% BCAA in the diet with the ratio of Ile:Leu:Val at 1:2:1.2 or 2:1:1 seems to be recommended to improve the impaired protein-nutritional status in liver cirrhosis.
|
['Amino Acids, Branched-Chain', 'Animals', 'Carbon Tetrachloride Poisoning', 'Food, Fortified', 'Liver Cirrhosis, Experimental', 'Male', 'Nutritional Status', 'Proteins', 'Rats']
| 2,585,790
|
[['D12.125.070'], ['B01.050'], ['C25.723.177'], ['G07.203.300.515', 'J02.500.515'], ['C06.552.630.467', 'C23.550.355.412.467', 'E05.598.500.468'], ['G07.203.650.650', 'N01.224.425.525'], ['D12.776'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
[Report by the Scientific Working Group for Therapy of Lung Diseases: German Fibrosis Register with initial results].
|
The aim of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of interstitial lung diseases (ILD) in Germany. Therefore members of the WATL developed a questionnaire which was sent to pulmonary and other physicians who may encounter patients with ILD. In 1995 altogether 234 patients (105 males, 129 females, mean age 51 years, minimum 12, maximum 88 years) were referred to the registry. 126 of these patients were non-smoker, 58 ex-smoker, 45 smoker and in 5 patients no information was given. The following ILD were reported: sarcoidosis (n = 83, 36 males, 47 females), idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (n = 76, 35 males, 41 females), idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (n = 76, 35 males, 41 females), alveolitis (n = 31, 12 males, 19 females), bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia (n = 16, 6 males, 10 females) and others (n = 28, 16 males, 12 females). These preliminary data show that sarcoidosis (35%) and idiopathic fibrosis (33%) were the most frequently registered ILD.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Child', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Female', 'Germany', 'Humans', 'Incidence', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Occupational Diseases', 'Pulmonary Fibrosis', 'Registries']
| 9,091,884
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['M01.060.406'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['Z01.542.315'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.375', 'N01.224.935.597.500', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.375', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.375'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C24'], ['C08.381.765'], ['E05.318.308.970', 'N04.452.859.819', 'N05.715.360.300.715.700', 'N06.850.520.308.970']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
[Clinical analysis of heterozygous ABCA3 mutations in children].
|
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association of ATP-binding cassette transporter A3 (ABCA3) gene mutations with severe neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS) and lung disease in children.METHOD: Thirty-eight children hospitalized with respiratory disorders in Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from January 2010 to December 2011 were screened. Two mutations (E292V, G1221S) in the ABCA3 gene were identified. Interstitial lung disease (ILD) was present in 10 cases, NRDS was found in 23 and congenital pulmonary dysplasia in 5 cases. There were 24 males and 14 females, with an age range of 1 hour to 15 years. Genomic DNA was prepared from blood samples and sequences were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Clinical feature, imaging characteristics and the results of gene detection were retrospectively analyzed.RESULT: Four cases with ABCA3 gene mutations were found; 2 patients (case 2 and case 4) had the heterozygous mutation of ABCA3 E292V. One was a 3-hour-old girl and another was a 52-day-old boy, 2 patients (case 1 and case 4) had the heterozygous mutation of ABCA3 G1221S. One was a 78-day-old boy and another was a girl, 15 years and one month old. The family history was negative for respiratory disease. Three patients (case 1, 2, 4 ) had NRDS and 2 (case 1, 2) of them were premature. One patient (case 3) had normal growth and development. She was diagnosed clinically as interstitial lung disease (ILD) after admission. The clinical outcomes of 4 cases were various. Case 1 had recurrent wheezing and inhaled corticosteroid was needed. Case 2 died because she failed to wean from mechanical ventilator. Case 3 was discharged with improvement but lost to follow-up. Case 4 grows normally.CONCLUSION: Genetic variants within ABCA3 may be the genetic causes or background of a contributor to some unexplained refractory NRDS, and chronic lung disease developed in latter childhood. Identification of ABCA3 genetic variants in NRDS infants is important to offer genetic counseling, as well as early prognosis estimation and intervention in pediatric chronic lung disease.
|
['ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters', 'Adolescent', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'DNA Mutational Analysis', 'Exons', 'Female', 'Heterozygote', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Lung', 'Lung Diseases, Interstitial', 'Male', 'Mutation', 'Radiography', 'Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn']
| 24,915,907
|
[['D12.776.157.530.100', 'D12.776.395.550.020', 'D12.776.543.550.192', 'D12.776.543.585.100'], ['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['E05.393.760.700.300'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.137.232'], ['G05.380.383'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['A04.411'], ['C08.381.483'], ['G05.365.590'], ['E01.370.350.700'], ['C08.381.840.500', 'C08.618.840.500', 'C16.614.521.563']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Design and characterization of a laser-based instrument with spectroscopic feedback control for treatment of vascular lesions: the "Smart Scalpel".
|
To improve the effectiveness of microsurgical techniques, we are developing a semi-autonomous robotic surgical tool (called the "Smart Scalpel") as an alternate approach to treatment of vascular lesions. The device employs optical reflectance spectroscopy as part of a line scan imaging system to identify and selectively target blood vessels in a vascular lesion for thermal treatment with a focused laser beam. Our proof-of-concept reported here presents the design and construction of a prototype instrument, initial quantification of imaging system resolution and contrast, and preliminary verification of the imaging and targeting strategies with standard targets and live dermal tissue.
|
['Animals', 'Blood Flow Velocity', 'Equipment Design', 'Lasers', 'Mice', 'Microsurgery', 'Monitoring, Intraoperative', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Spectrum Analysis', 'Telangiectasis', 'Vascular Surgical Procedures']
| 11,092,425
|
[['B01.050'], ['E01.370.370.130', 'G09.330.380.630.080'], ['E05.320'], ['E07.632.490', 'E07.710.520'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['E04.494', 'E05.591.580'], ['E01.370.520.510', 'E04.510'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['E05.196.867'], ['C14.907.823'], ['E04.100.814']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Protein expression of the tumor suppressors p16INK4A and p53 and disease progression in recurrent respiratory papillomatosis.
|
BACKGROUND: Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) is a benign condition that rarely metastasizes as invasive squamous cell carcinoma. Although this disease is associated with human papillomavirus, the role of this virus in tumorigenesis is unclear.OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study is to assess the involvement of the tumor suppressors P16INK4A and p53 in RRP tumor progression.DESIGN: Immunohistochemistry of p16INK4A and p53 was performed on biopsies of recurrent squamous papillomas and invasive lesions in nine patients.RESULTS: Twenty biopsies were graded as papillomas (RP), three as papillomas with high-grade dysplasia/carcinoma in situ (HGD/CIS), and two as invasive squamous cell carcinoma (SCCA). Forty-five percent of RP and 60% of HGD/CIS/SCCA expressed p16INK4A. Fifty percent of RP and 100% of HGD/CIS/SCCA expressed p53. The difference in the frequency of p53-positive staining between HGD/CIS and SCCA (100% of tissues examined) and RP (50% of tissues examined) approached statistical significance. Neither p16INK4A nor p53 was predictive of invasive transformation.CONCLUSIONS: Expression of p16INK4A, which is a surrogate for the tumor suppressor retinoblastoma (Rb), did not immediately lead to invasive disease. There is no correlation between disease severity of RRP and level of p16INK4A.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Biopsy', 'Carcinoma in Situ', 'Carcinoma, Squamous Cell', 'Cell Nucleus', 'Cell Transformation, Neoplastic', 'Child', 'Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16', 'Disease Progression', 'Female', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic', 'Humans', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Laryngeal Neoplasms', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasm Recurrence, Local', 'Papilloma', 'Respiratory Tract Neoplasms', 'Tracheal Neoplasms', 'Tumor Suppressor Protein p53']
| 17,277,618
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['E01.370.225.500.384.100', 'E01.370.225.998.054', 'E01.370.388.100', 'E04.074', 'E05.200.500.384.100', 'E05.200.998.054', 'E05.242.384.100'], ['C04.557.470.200.240'], ['C04.557.470.200.400', 'C04.557.470.700.400'], ['A11.284.430.106', 'A11.284.430.214.190.875.117'], ['C04.697.098.500', 'C23.550.727.098.500'], ['M01.060.406'], ['D12.644.360.225.200', 'D12.776.167.187.200', 'D12.776.476.225.200', 'D12.776.624.776.355.200'], ['C23.550.291.656'], ['G05.308.370'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['C04.588.443.665.481', 'C08.360.369', 'C08.785.481', 'C09.400.369', 'C09.647.481'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04.697.655', 'C23.550.727.655'], ['C04.557.470.700.600'], ['C04.588.894.797', 'C08.785'], ['C04.588.443.925', 'C04.588.894.797.760', 'C08.785.760', 'C08.907.563'], ['D12.776.157.687.650', 'D12.776.260.820', 'D12.776.624.776.775', 'D12.776.660.720.650', 'D12.776.744.845']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
[Expression of HSP70 mRNA and MDR1 mRNA in K562 cells induced by heat shock and ADM].
|
This study was purpose to investigate the expression levels of HSP70 and MDR1 genes under heat shock and/or adriamycin (ADM) chemotherapy stimulation. The K562 cells were bathed in water at 43 degrees C for 1 hour, then the heat-treated K562 cells were collected and were cultured at 37 degrees C. The expression of HSP70 was assayed by immunocytochemistry, the growth suppression rate of K562 cells was detected by MTT assay, the function of P-gp and the expressions of HSP70 mRNA, MDR1 mRNA were detected by flow cytometry and real-time quantitative PCR (RT-PCR) respectively. The results showed that (1) the synthesis of HSP70 protein in K562 cells treated with high shock (43 degrees C) reached to high level after culture at 37 degrees C for 2 hours, and moved from cytoplasm to nucleolus, the expression of HSP70 began to decrease following 3 hours of culture at 37 degrees C, and gradually reached to normal level after culture at 37 degrees C for 5 hours, the location of HSP70 expression returned to cytoplasm; (2) the expressions of HSP70 mRNA and MDR1 mRNA increased following 43 degrees C heat shock, and were 4 and 5.8 times higher than that of control group at 37 degrees C culture for 2 hours respectively; (3) the expression of P-gp was higher in ADM group than that in control. The expressions of HSP mRNA and MDR1 mRNA increased significantly in heat shock plus ADM group and ADM group as compared with control (p<0.01). It is concluded that the heat shock and ADM chemotherapy both induce over expression of HSP70 and MDR1 which can maintain stability of K562 cells and may be related to formation of the MDR in leukemia.
|
['ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1', 'Antibiotics, Antineoplastic', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Doxorubicin', 'HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins', 'Heat-Shock Response', 'Humans', 'K562 Cells', 'RNA, Messenger']
| 18,088,459
|
[['D12.776.157.530.100.075.063', 'D12.776.157.530.450.074.500.500.250.125', 'D12.776.395.550.020.400.153', 'D12.776.543.550.192.400.153', 'D12.776.543.585.100.200.125', 'D12.776.543.585.450.074.500.500.250.125'], ['D27.505.954.248.106'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.562.050.200.175', 'D04.615.562.050.200.175', 'D09.408.051.059.200.175'], ['D12.776.580.216.375'], ['G07.775.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A11.251.210.190.510', 'A11.251.860.180.510', 'A11.443.240.497.480'], ['D13.444.735.544']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Structure and genomic organization of immunoglobulin light chain in the channel catfish. An unusual genomic organizational pattern of segmental genes.
|
Channel catfish L chain cDNA was obtained through a PCR strategy and used to isolate multiple L chain clones from cDNA and genomic libraries. Sequence analysis of full-length cDNA indicates that the V region is preceded by a leader peptide, and represented by framework and CDR regions. Both VL and CL domains contain the invariant cysteines and tryptophans as well as other phylogenetically conserved L chain residues. The sequence similarity of the catfish L chain with higher vertebrate kappa- and lambda-chains, however, does not readily allow the catfish L chain to be classified. Eight cDNA clones isolated from a cDNA library were shown to represent different processed derivatives of sterile L chain transcripts. These transcripts share a similar upstream sequence region and extend downstream to include a CL or alternatively a JL segment in partial germ-line configuration that has been spliced into a CL. Sequence comparisons indicate that these transcripts represent the product of different L chain loci. Genomic Southern blot analyses with VL and CL probes indicate that there are at least 30 VL segments and at least 15 CL segments. The analysis of 17 genomic L chain clones showed that each hybridized with VL-, JL-, and CL-specific probes. Characterization of the gene segments in three of these clones indicates a previously undescribed pattern of segmental gene organization. Gene segments are found in clusters with VL, JL, and CL segments in each cluster. Within a cluster VL segments reside upstream of single copies of closely linked JL and CL segments. The proximity of VL segments downstream from JL-CL segments suggests that individual clusters may be closely linked. The VL segments are located in opposite transcriptional polarity relative to the JL and CL gene segments, which indicates that VL segments are likely rearranged to JL-CL segments by inversion rather than deletion events.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Animals', 'Base Sequence', 'Cloning, Molecular', 'DNA, Complementary', 'Genes, Immunoglobulin', 'Humans', 'Ictaluridae', 'Immunoglobulin Light Chains', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Sequence Homology, Amino Acid', 'Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid', 'Species Specificity', 'Transcription, Genetic', 'Vertebrates']
| 8,258,698
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['B01.050'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['E05.393.220'], ['D13.444.308.497.220', 'D13.444.600.223.500', 'D27.720.470.530.600.223.260'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.335', 'G12.500.299'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.493.080.148'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.705.750', 'D12.776.124.790.651.705.750', 'D12.776.377.715.548.705.750'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G02.111.810.200', 'G05.810.200'], ['G02.111.810.550', 'G05.810.550'], ['G16.824'], ['G02.111.873', 'G05.297.700'], ['B01.050.150.900']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Urinary N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase excretion is a marker of tubular cell dysfunction and a predictor of outcome in primary glomerulonephritis.
|
BACKGROUND: The urinary excretion of N-acetyl-beta-glucosamynidase (NAG) is increased in subjects exposed to substances toxic for renal tubular cells. In experimental and human glomerular diseases, its increased excretion is probably due to the dysfunction of tubular epithelial cells induced by increased traffic of proteins in the tubular lumen. The first aim of this study was to evaluate whether NAG excretion is correlated not only with the amount of proteinuria but also with some proteinuric components which reflect both glomerular capillary wall damage (IgG) and an impairment of tubular reabsorption of microproteins (alpha(1) microglobulin). The second aim was to assess whether NAG excretion has a predictive value on functional outcome and response to therapy.METHODS: In 136 patients with primary glomerulonephritis [74 with idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN), 44 with primary focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) and 18 with minimal change disease (MCD)] urinary NAG excretion was measured by a colorimetric method and expressed in units per gram of urinary creatinine.RESULTS: Using univariate linear regression analysis NAG excretion in all 136 patients was significantly dependent on IgG excretion, 24-h proteinuria, fractional excretion of alpha(1) microglobulin (FE alpha(1)m) and diagnosis. Using multiple linear regression analysis, NAG excretion was significantly dependent only on IgG excretion and 24-h proteinuria. Limiting the analysis to 67 patients with nephrotic syndrome (NS) and baseline normal renal function, by multiple linear regression, NAG excretion was significantly dependent on IgG excretion (P=0.0004), 24-h proteinuria (P=0.0067) and FE alpha(1)-m (P=0.0032) (R(2)=0.63). In 66 patients with NS and normal baseline renal function (MCD 10 patients; FSGS 20 patients; IMN 36 patients), according to values below or above defined cut-offs (IMN, </= or >18 U/g urinary Cr; FSGS and MCD, </= or >24 U/g urinary Cr), NAG excretion predicted remission in 86 vs 27% of IMN patients (P=0.0002) and 77 vs 14% of FSGS patients (P=0.005). Progression to chronic renal failure (CRF) was 0 vs 47% in IMN patients (P=0.001) and 8 vs 57% in FSGS patients (P=0.03). Using Cox model, in IMN patients only NAG excretion (P=0.01, RR 5.8), but not 24-h proteinuria, predicted progression to CRF. All MCD patients had NAG excretion values below the chosen cut-off, and 90% of them developed remission. Response to immunosuppressive therapy was significantly different in patients with NAG excretion values below or above the cut-offs.CONCLUSION: Urinary NAG excretion can be considered as a reliable marker of the tubulo-toxicity of proteinuria in the early stage of IMN, FSGS and MCD; the excretion values show a significant relationship with 24-h proteinuria, IgG excretion and FE alpha(1)m. Its determination may be a non-invasive, useful test for the early identification of patients who will subsequently develop CRF or clinical remission and responsiveness to therapy.
|
['Acetylglucosaminidase', 'Adult', 'Biomarkers', 'Female', 'Glomerulonephritis', 'Glomerulonephritis, Membranoproliferative', 'Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental', 'Humans', 'Kidney', 'Kidney Tubules', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Nephrosis, Lipoid', 'Nephrotic Syndrome', 'Prognosis', 'Proteinuria', 'Reference Values']
| 12,401,843
|
[['D08.811.277.450.483.180.500'], ['M01.060.116'], ['D23.101'], ['C12.777.419.570.363', 'C13.351.968.419.570.363'], ['C12.777.419.570.363.615', 'C13.351.968.419.570.363.615', 'C20.425'], ['C12.777.419.570.363.660', 'C13.351.968.419.570.363.640'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A05.810.453'], ['A05.810.453.736.560'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C12.777.419.630.477', 'C13.351.968.419.630.477'], ['C12.777.419.630.643', 'C13.351.968.419.630.643'], ['E01.789'], ['C12.777.934.734', 'C13.351.968.934.734', 'C23.888.942.750'], ['E05.978.810']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Embedding and publishing interactive, 3-dimensional, scientific figures in Portable Document Format (PDF) files.
|
With the latest release of the S2PLOT graphics library, embedding interactive, 3-dimensional (3-d) scientific figures in Adobe Portable Document Format (PDF) files is simple, and can be accomplished without commercial software. In this paper, we motivate the need for embedding 3-d figures in scholarly articles. We explain how 3-d figures can be created using the S2PLOT graphics library, exported to Product Representation Compact (PRC) format, and included as fully interactive, 3-d figures in PDF files using the movie15 LaTeX package. We present new examples of 3-d PDF figures, explain how they have been made, validate them, and comment on their advantages over traditional, static 2-dimensional (2-d) figures. With the judicious use of 3-d rather than 2-d figures, scientists can now publish, share and archive more useful, flexible and faithful representations of their study outcomes. The article you are reading does not have embedded 3-d figures. The full paper, with embedded 3-d figures, is recommended and is available as a supplementary download from PLoS ONE (File S2).
|
['Imaging, Three-Dimensional', 'Programming Languages', 'Publishing', 'Software']
| 24,086,243
|
[['E01.370.350.400', 'L01.224.308.410'], ['L01.224.900.780'], ['L01.737'], ['L01.224.900']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Removal of added nitrate in the single, binary, and ternary systems of cotton burr compost, zerovalent iron, and sediment: Implications for groundwater nitrate remediation using permeable reactive barriers.
|
Recent research has shown that carbonaceous solid materials and zerovalent iron (Fe(0)) may potentially be used as media in permeable reactive barriers (PRBs) to degrade groundwater nitrate via heterotrophic denitrification in the solid carbon system, and via abiotic reduction and autotrophic denitrification in the Fe(0) system. Questions arise as whether the more expensive Fe(0) is more effective than the less expensive carbonaceous solid materials for groundwater nitrate remediation, and whether there is any synergistic effect of mixing the two different types of materials. We carried out batch tests to study the nature and rates of removal of added nitrate in the suspensions of single, binary, and ternary systems of cotton burr compost, Peerless Fe(0), and a sediment low in organic carbon. Cotton burr compost acted as both organic carbon source and supporting material for the growth of indigenous denitrifiers. Batch tests showed that cotton burr compost alone removed added nitrate at a greater rate than did Peerless Fe(0) alone on an equal mass basis with a pseudo-first-order rate constant k=0.0830+/-0.0031 h(-1) for cotton burr compost and a k=0.00223+/-0.00022 h(-1) for Peerless Fe(0); cotton burr compost also removed added nitrate at a faster rate than did cotton burr compost mixed with Peerless Fe(0) and/or the sediment. Furthermore, there was no substantial accumulation of ammonium ions in the cotton burr compost system, in contrast to the systems containing Peerless Fe(0) in which ammonium ions persisted as major products of nitrate reduction. It is concluded that cotton burr compost alone may be used as an excellent denitrification medium in a PRB for groundwater nitrate removal. Further study is needed to evaluate performance of its field applications.
|
['Biodegradation, Environmental', 'Geologic Sediments', 'Gossypium', 'Iron', 'Nitrates', 'Oxidation-Reduction', 'Soil', 'Water Pollutants, Chemical']
| 17,257,645
|
[['N06.230.080.600.500', 'N06.850.460.375.500'], ['G01.311.330', 'G16.500.320'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.859.821.500.244'], ['D01.268.556.412', 'D01.268.956.287', 'D01.552.544.412'], ['D01.248.497.158.606', 'D01.625.525.550', 'D02.583'], ['G02.700', 'G03.295.531'], ['D20.721', 'G01.311.820', 'G16.500.275.815', 'N06.230.600'], ['D27.888.284.903.655']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Resistant hypertension.
|
UNLABELLED: A 53 year old woman with hypercholesterolemia treated with statins, with no history of cardiovascular disease, was referred to the Hypertension and Vascular Risk Unit for management of hypertension resistant to 4 antihypertensive agents at full doses. The patient had obesity, with a body mass index of 36.3kg/m(2) and office blood pressure 162/102mm Hg. Physical examination showed no data of interest.ANALYSIS: glucose 120mg/dl, glycated Hb: 6.4%, albuminuria 68mg/g, kidney function and study of the renin angiotensin system and other biochemical parameters were normal. Echocardiography: left ventricular mass, 131g/m(2) (normal, <110g/m(2)). True resistant hypertension was confirmed by ambulatory monitoring of blood pressure during 24h (153/89mm Hg). Spironolactone treatment (25mg/day) was added and was well tolerated, with no change in renal function and kaliemia within normal (4.1mmol/l) following the treatment. After 8 weeks, blood pressure was well controlled: office blood pressure 132/86mm Hg and 24h-ambulatory blood pressure: 128/79mm Hg.
|
['Antihypertensive Agents', 'Diuretics', 'Drug Resistance', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hypertension', 'Middle Aged', 'Spironolactone']
| 23,827,205
|
[['D27.505.954.411.162'], ['D27.505.696.560.500'], ['G07.690.773.984'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C14.907.489'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D02.540.679', 'D04.210.500.745.745.855']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
[Expression of caspase-3 mRNA in the hippocampus of seven-day-old hypoxic-ischemic rats and the mechanism of neural protection with magnesium sulfate].
|
OBJECTIVE: There was consanguineous relationship between caspase-3 and early damage after hypoxia and ischemia. Caspase-3 plays a key role in the process of apoptosis in neuron. Magnesium sulfate could protect neuron from injuries, but the mechanism was not clear. The study was to investigate the expression of caspase-3 mRNA in the hippocampus of seven-day-old hypoxic-ischemic rats and the possible mechanism of neural protection with magnesium sulfate.METHODS: The model of seven-day-old hypoxia-ischemia rats was established. The rats were divided randomly into 6 groups as follows: (1) normal control (n = 4); (2) sham surgery control (n = 4); (3) hypoxia-ischemia (n = 4); (4) sodium chloride injection with hypoxia-ischemia (n = 4); (5) magnesium sulfate pre-injection with hypoxia-ischemia (n = 4); (6)magnesium sulfate post-injection with hypoxia-ischemia (n = 4). The therapy groups received a bolus injection of 500 mg/kg magnesium sulfate intraperitoneally 0.5 hour before or after hypoxia-ischemia. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR was used to measure caspase-3 mRNA expression in the hippocampus 24 hours after hypoxia-ischemia.RESULTS: The expression of caspase-3 mRNA was significantly increased in the hippocampus of the hypoxia-ischemia pups (1.88 +/- 0.36 vs 0.97 +/- 0.46, P < 0.05). The expression of caspase-3 mRNA in rats with magnesium sulfate pre-injection and post-injection decreased significantly (1.54 +/- 0.49, 1.65 +/- 0.48 vs 1.88 +/- 0.36, P < 0.05).CONCLUSION: Caspase-3 was activated in the hippocampus of the seven-day-old rats 24 hours after hypoxia-ischemia. The suppression of the expression of caspase-3 mRNA in the hippocampus was probably related to the protective effect of magnesium sulfate on the brain injury of hypoxia-ischemia.
|
['Animals', 'Animals, Newborn', 'Caspase 3', 'Caspases', 'Female', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic', 'Hippocampus', 'Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain', 'Magnesium Sulfate', 'Male', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction']
| 14,756,962
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.050.282'], ['D08.811.277.656.262.500.126.350.300', 'D08.811.277.656.300.200.126.350.300', 'D12.644.360.075.405.350.300', 'D12.776.476.075.405.350.300'], ['D08.811.277.656.262.500.126', 'D08.811.277.656.300.200.126', 'D12.644.360.075.405', 'D12.776.476.075.405'], ['G05.308.320'], ['A08.186.211.180.405', 'A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.345'], ['C10.228.140.300.150.716', 'C10.228.140.624.500', 'C14.907.253.092.716', 'C23.888.852.079.797.500'], ['D01.524.550', 'D01.875.800.800.850.500'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['E05.393.620.500.725']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Outbreak of trichinellosis caused by Trichinella papuae, Thailand, 2006.
|
In 2006, the Thailand Ministry of Public Health studied 28 patients from a village in northern Thailand. All had myalgia, edema, fever, and gastrointestinal symptoms; most had eaten wild boar. A muscle biopsy specimen from a patient showed nonencapsulated larvae with a cytochrome oxidase I gene sequence of Trichinella papuae.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Animals', 'Antibodies, Helminth', 'Disease Outbreaks', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Species Specificity', 'Sus scrofa', 'Swine', 'Swine Diseases', 'Thailand', 'Trichinella', 'Trichinellosis', 'Young Adult']
| 19,046,519
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['B01.050'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.185', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.185', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.185'], ['N06.850.290'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.393.620.500'], ['G16.824'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.880.399'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.880'], ['C22.905'], ['Z01.252.145.841'], ['B01.050.500.500.294.100.275.780.608'], ['C01.610.335.508.100.275.882'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Cranial neuropathy as a presenting sign of recurrent aggressive skin cancer.
|
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to identify and characterize recurrent skin cancers of the head and neck presenting with cranial neuropathies and to review the presentation and the management for this rare subset of cutaneous neoplasms.MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective review was performed for all patients with previous related cutaneous neoplasms presenting with cranial neuropathies referred to a single academic tertiary-care head and neck tumor program from 1999 to 2007. Six cases of head and neck carcinoma with demonstrable cranial neuropathy were identified and analyzed by clinical history, radiographic and surgical findings, and treatment and survival data. A review of the literature, pertinent anatomy, imaging studies, and surgical/nonsurgical management are summarized for these aggressive neurotropic malignancies.RESULTS: Cranial neuropathy was the presenting symptom of recurrent disease in all six patients. Four presented with multiple cranial neuropathies. All exhibited neuropathy of the trigeminal nerve (cranial nerve V). The tumors involved were squamous cell carcinoma (4) and melanoma (2). All patients were multiply symptomatic, presenting with a mean of three neurologic symptoms, including facial numbness (5), facial paralysis or weakness (3), facial pain (3), diplopia (3), paresthesia (3), hearing loss (1), or formication (2). Symptoms were present for an average of 7 months prior to diagnosis of perineural recurrence. Cranial nerve involvement was confirmed in all patients by magnetic resonance imaging, and five patients manifested histologic evidence of perineural tumor infiltration. Treatment consisted of various combinations of surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy for five patients, and one patient declined any intervention. Death rate subsequent to disease was 50%, and follow-up has continued within our institution on all patients for an average of 25.5 months (range, 3-72 months).CONCLUSION: Cranial neuropathy is a rare presentation of recurrent cutaneous neoplasms of the head and neck. Given this infrequent occurrence and shared features of presentation, these highly morbid tumors are often mistakenly diagnosed as Bell's palsy or trigeminal neuralgia. Our findings corroborate previous reports of diagnostic delay, increased tumor burden, and worsened morbidity and mortality associated with such cutaneous malignancies. The critical utility of radiologic imaging for staging and tumor delineation are also supported by our institutional data.
|
['Aged', 'Carcinoma, Squamous Cell', 'Cohort Studies', 'Cranial Nerve Diseases', 'Head and Neck Neoplasms', 'Humans', 'Melanoma', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasm Invasiveness', 'Neoplasm Recurrence, Local', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Skin Neoplasms', 'Survival Rate']
| 18,248,467
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['C04.557.470.200.400', 'C04.557.470.700.400'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['C10.292'], ['C04.588.443'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.557.465.625.650.510', 'C04.557.580.625.650.510', 'C04.557.665.510'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04.697.645', 'C23.550.727.645'], ['C04.697.655', 'C23.550.727.655'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['C04.588.805', 'C17.800.882'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.900', 'N01.224.935.698.826', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.900', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.900']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
[Criteria of the classification of spondylarthropathies].
|
A system of classification criteria of spondyloarthropathies was experimented in three studies. They have permitted to measure its specificity which is 86.6 p. cent and its sensitivity which is 90 p. cent. This system permits to compare theory and clinical practice and also to classify disease not yet classified. The positive and negative predictive values of these tests remain to be validated and assessed, with a multicenter study including patients affected or not with spondyloarthropathy, in order to determine whether they can also be used as a diagnosis tool.
|
['Arthritis', 'Europe', 'France', 'Humans', 'Multicenter Studies as Topic', 'New York', 'Prospective Studies', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Spondylitis']
| 2,181,618
|
[['C05.550.114'], ['Z01.542'], ['Z01.542.286'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.372.658', 'N05.715.360.330.643', 'N06.850.520.450.643'], ['Z01.107.567.875.075.437', 'Z01.107.567.875.350.530', 'Z01.107.567.875.500.530'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['C01.160.762', 'C05.116.165.762', 'C05.116.900.853']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Adaptor protein-2 interaction with arrestin regulates GPCR recycling and apoptosis.
|
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are integral to cellular function in nearly all physiologic and many pathologic processes. GPCR signaling represents an intricate balance between receptor activation, inactivation (desensitization, internalization and degradation) and resensitization (recycling and de novo synthesis). Complex formation between phosphorylated GPCRs, arrestins and an ever-increasing number of effector molecules is known to regulate cellular function. Previous studies have demonstrated that, although N-formyl peptide receptor (FPR) internalization occurs in the absence of arrestins, FPR recycling is arrestin-dependent. Furthermore, FPR stimulation in the absence of arrestins leads to receptor accumulation in perinuclear endosomes and apoptosis. In this study, we show that the interaction of GPCR-bound arrestin with adaptor protein-2 (AP-2) is a critical anti-apoptotic event. In addition, AP-2 associates with the receptor-arrestin complex in perinuclear endosomes and is required for proper post-endocytic GPCR trafficking. Finally, we observed that depletion of endogenous AP-2 results in the initiation of apoptosis upon stimulation of multiple GPCRs, including P2Y purinergic receptors and CXCR2, but not CXCR4. We propose a model in which the abnormal accumulation of internalized GPCR-arrestin complexes in recycling endosomes, resulting from defective arrestin-AP-2 interactions, leads to the specific initiation of aberrant signaling pathways and apoptosis.
|
['Adaptor Protein Complex 2', 'Apoptosis', 'Arrestins', 'Blotting, Western', 'Endosomes', 'Green Fluorescent Proteins', 'Humans', 'Immunoprecipitation', 'Microscopy, Fluorescence', 'Protein Binding', 'Protein Transport', 'Receptors, Formyl Peptide', 'Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled', 'Transfection', 'U937 Cells']
| 19,602,204
|
[['D12.776.543.990.150.200'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['D12.644.360.024.098', 'D12.776.157.057.005', 'D12.776.306.090', 'D12.776.476.024.104', 'D12.776.543.090'], ['E05.196.401.143', 'E05.301.300.096', 'E05.478.566.320.200', 'E05.601.262', 'E05.601.470.320.200'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.190.880.337'], ['D12.776.532.265'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.196.150.639', 'E05.478.605'], ['E01.370.350.515.458', 'E05.595.458'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808'], ['G03.143.700'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.235', 'D12.776.543.750.705.873', 'D12.776.543.750.750.340'], ['D12.776.543.750.695'], ['E05.393.350.810', 'G05.728.860'], ['A11.251.210.190.880', 'A11.251.860.180.880', 'A11.627.482.665.500', 'A11.627.624.249.500', 'A11.627.635.675.750.500']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Thickness of cementum/dentin in mesial roots of mandibular first molars.
|
The mesial roots of 15 human first lower molars, along with the corresponding half of the tooth crown, were studied to determine the thickness of dentin-cementum. A device was developed whereby these could be embedded in resin with a precisely known orientation in space. The roots were radiographed in mesiodistal and vestibular-lingual projections, then sectioned perpendicular to the canal axis in the coronal third. Thickness of dentin-cementum was compared on sections and radiograms; results showed that the amount of hard tissue is effectively about one fifth less than that appearing on the radiogram.
|
['Densitometry', 'Dental Cementum', 'Dentin', 'Humans', 'Mandible', 'Molar', 'Odontometry', 'Reference Values', 'Tooth Root']
| 1,298,791
|
[['E05.196.712.224'], ['A14.549.167.646.267', 'A14.549.167.900.250'], ['A14.549.167.900.280'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A02.835.232.781.324.502.632', 'A14.521.632'], ['A14.549.167.860.525'], ['E01.370.600.024.650', 'E05.041.650', 'E06.623'], ['E05.978.810'], ['A14.549.167.900.750']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
A rare case of squamous cell carcinoma of the lung harbouring ALK and BRAF activating mutations.
|
The management of non-small cell lung cancer has significantly changed over the past few years through greater understanding of tumour biology. The identification of activating mutations has led to the development of targeted agents. Coexisting mutations in non-small cell lung cancer is uncommon, particularly in squamous cell carcinoma. Our case represents a late gentleman with squamous cell carcinoma of the lung with both a BRAF mutation and ALK rearrangement prior to treatment.
|
['Aged', 'Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase', 'Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung', 'Carcinoma, Squamous Cell', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Mutation', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf', 'Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases', 'Transcriptional Activation']
| 23,499,398
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.400.002', 'D12.776.543.750.630.002'], ['C04.588.894.797.520.109.220.249', 'C08.381.540.140.500', 'C08.785.520.100.220.500'], ['C04.557.470.200.400', 'C04.557.470.700.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G05.365.590'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.559.842.374', 'D12.644.360.400.842.374', 'D12.776.476.400.842.437', 'D12.776.624.664.700.204.200'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.400', 'D12.776.543.750.630'], ['G05.308.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
pH effects on basolateral membrane ion conductances in gallbladder epithelium.
|
The pH sensitivity of the basolateral membrane voltage of Necturus gallbladder epithelial cells (Vcs) was evaluated with conventional and pH-sensitive intracellular microelectrodes. Elevating solution CO2 from 1 to 5% (at constant [HCO3-] = 10 mM) caused a depolarization of Vcs from -76 +/- 3 to -60 +/- 2 mV and a decrease in intracellular pH (pHi) from 7.36 +/- 0.04 to 7.05 +/- 0.03. Serosal exposure to a 50 mM HCO3(-)-5% CO2 solution [at constant extracellular pH (pHo)] caused a similar cell acidification (delta pHi = 0.27), whereas at 3 min Vcs was unchanged. Exposure to 1 mM HCO3- (at constant CO2) depolarized Vcs from -77 +/- 2 to -56 +/- 2 mV and caused a small decrease in pHi (from 7.36 +/- 0.03 to 7.33 +/- 0.03). These results indicate that the observed depolarizations of Vcs are attributable to changes in pHo and not in pHi. Basolateral membrane potassium conductance (GK) congruent to chloride conductance (GCl) congruent to 0.50 mS/cm2 in 10 mM HCO3(-)-1% CO2 Ringer. The depolarization of Vcs caused by elevation of serosal [K+] in 50 mM HCO3(-)-5% CO2 was similar to that observed under control conditions. In contrast, the depolarization of Vcs elicited by elevating serosal [K+] was reduced by about two-thirds in 1 mM HCO3-, whereas the depolarization caused by reduction of serosal [Cl-] was increased twofold in 1 mM HCO3-, compared with control. Inasmuch as the apparent ratio of membrane resistances remained unchanged during serosal solution acidification, the most likely explanation for the observed decrease in Vcs is a reduction of basolateral K+ permeability concomitant with an increase in Cl- permeability.
|
['Animals', 'Bicarbonates', 'Cell Membrane', 'Chlorides', 'Electric Conductivity', 'Epithelium', 'Gallbladder', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Ion Channels', 'Kinetics', 'Mathematics', 'Models, Theoretical', 'Necturus', 'Potassium']
| 2,472,068
|
[['B01.050'], ['D01.200.275.150.100', 'D01.248.497.158.165.100'], ['A11.284.149'], ['D01.210.450.150', 'D01.248.497.158.215'], ['G01.358.500.249.277'], ['A10.272'], ['A03.159.439'], ['G02.300'], ['E05.481'], ['D12.776.157.530.400', 'D12.776.543.550.450', 'D12.776.543.585.400'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['H01.548'], ['E05.599'], ['B01.050.150.900.090.608.630.510'], ['D01.268.549.550', 'D01.268.557.575', 'D01.552.528.652', 'D01.552.547.650']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Nonsurgical removal of foreign body from right heart. A new percutaneous approach.
|
A new method is described for the nonsurgical removal of foreign bodies from the right heart. By means of the percutaneous Seldinger Technique, endoscopic forceps were passed throught the internal jugular vein to remove a fragment of polyvinyl catheter from the right atrium of a patient who had had heart surgery. The procedure is atraumatic and can be performed on patients who are critically ill and those who recently have had surgery.
|
['Cardiac Catheterization', 'Female', 'Foreign Bodies', 'Heart', 'Humans', 'Middle Aged']
| 1,263,563
|
[['E01.370.370.380.140', 'E02.148.442', 'E05.157.250'], ['C26.392'], ['A07.541'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Melatonin improves insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis through attenuation of alpha-2-HS-glycoprotein.
|
Melatonin plays an important role in regulating circadian rhythms. It also acts as a potent antioxidant and regulates glucose and lipid metabolism, although the exact action mechanism is not clear. The á2-HS-glycoprotein gene (AHSG) and its protein, fetuin-A (FETUA), are one of the hepatokines and are known to be associated with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. The aim of this study was to determine whether melatonin improves hepatic insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis in a FETUA-dependent manner. In HepG2 cells treated with 300 ìmol/L of palmitic acid, phosphorylated AKT expression decreased, and FETUA expression increased, but this effect was inhibited by treatment with 10 ìmol/L of melatonin. However, melatonin did not improve insulin resistance in FETUA-overexpressing cells, indicating that improvement in insulin resistance by melatonin was dependent on downregulation of FETUA. Moreover, melatonin decreased palmitic acid-induced ER stress markers, CHOP, Bip, ATF-6, XBP-1, ATF-4, and PERK. In addition, in the high-fat diet (HFD) mice, oral treatment with 100 mg/kg/day melatonin for 10 weeks reduced body weight gain to one-third of that of the HFD group and hepatic steatosis. Insulin sensitivity and glucose intolerance improved with the upregulation of muscle p-AKT protein expression. FETUA expression and ER stress markers in the liver and serum of HFD mice were decreased by melatonin treatment. In conclusion, melatonin can improve hepatic insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis through reduction in ER stress and the resultant AHSG expression.
|
['Animals', 'Dietary Fats', 'Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress', 'Fatty Liver', 'Hep G2 Cells', 'Humans', 'Insulin Resistance', 'Melatonin', 'Mice', 'Palmitic Acid', 'alpha-2-HS-Glycoprotein']
| 29,607,540
|
[['B01.050'], ['D10.212.302', 'G07.203.300.375', 'J02.500.375'], ['G04.434'], ['C06.552.241'], ['A11.251.860.180.432', 'A11.436.348.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C18.452.394.968.500', 'G07.690.773.984.617'], ['D03.633.100.473.914.481', 'D06.472.506'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['D10.251.694.750'], ['D12.776.124.790.106.304.500', 'D12.776.157.125.283.500', 'D12.776.215.625.500', 'D12.776.377.715.085.304.500', 'D12.776.395.086']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Susceptibility of melanized and nonmelanized Cryptococcus neoformans to the melanin-binding compounds trifluoperazine and chloroquine.
|
Cryptococcus neoformans is an opportunistic fungal pathogen which becomes heavily melanized in the presence of phenolic substrates such as L-dopa. Various drugs are known to bind to melanin with high affinity, including the antipsychotic agent trifluoperazine and the antimalarial agent chloroquine. We hypothesized that drugs which bind melanin may have different toxicities for melanized and nonmelanized C. neoformans cells. The effects of trifluoperazine and chloroquine or C. neoformans were determined by measuring cell viability after exposure to these drugs. Cell viability was measured by CFU determination and flow cytometry with propidium iodide staining. Melanized cells were more susceptible than nonmelanized cells to the fungicidal effects of trifluoperazine. Chloroquine had no fungicidal effect on either melanized or nonmelanized C. neoformans under the conditions studied. Flow cytometry of trifluoperazine-treated C. neoformans cells stained with the mitochondrial stain dihydrorhodamine 123 revealed fluorescence changes consistent with mitochondrial damage. Our results indicate that melanized and nonmelanized C. neoformans cells can differ in susceptibility to certain drugs and suggest that strategies which target melanin may be productive for antifungal-drug discovery.
|
['Chloroquine', 'Cryptococcus neoformans', 'DNA, Fungal', 'Dopamine Agents', 'Dopamine Antagonists', 'Flow Cytometry', 'Levodopa', 'Melanins', 'Microbial Sensitivity Tests', 'Trifluoperazine']
| 8,851,567
|
[['D03.633.100.810.050.180'], ['B01.300.381.258.366', 'B01.300.930.316.366'], ['D13.444.308.300'], ['D27.505.519.625.150', 'D27.505.696.577.150'], ['D27.505.519.625.150.175', 'D27.505.696.577.150.175'], ['E01.370.225.500.363.342', 'E01.370.225.500.386.350', 'E05.196.712.516.600.240.350', 'E05.200.500.363.342', 'E05.200.500.386.350', 'E05.242.363.342', 'E05.242.386.350'], ['D02.092.311.200.480', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.175.200.480', 'D12.125.072.050.685.400.500', 'D12.125.072.050.875.130.500'], ['D12.125.072.050.875.379', 'D23.767.620'], ['E01.370.225.875.595', 'E05.200.875.595', 'E05.337.550.400'], ['D02.886.369.898', 'D03.633.300.783.898']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Effect of nonanimal high- and low-molecular-mass chondroitin sulfates produced by a biotechnological process in an animal model of polyarthritis.
|
BACKGROUND/AIMS: We planned to report on the effect of two nonanimal chondroitin sulfates (CSs) with different molecular masses produced using an innovative biotechnological process in an adjuvant arthritis animal model.METHODS: The experiments included healthy animals, untreated arthritic animals and arthritic animals having been administered 900 mg/kg of either of the two CS samples daily. Arthritic score, ã-glutamyltransferase (GGT) activity in hind paw joint tissue homogenates, plasmatic C-reactive protein (CRP) and pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1â and IL-6 were assayed.RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Low-molecular-mass (LMM) CS significantly reduced the arthritic score by up to about 30% from 14 to 28 days. In contrast, no significant differences were observed for high-molecular-mass (HMM) CS, even if a trend in its capacity to decrease the arthritic score by up to about 11% was observed. Additionally, LMM CS was able to significantly decrease GGT activity by approximately 31% and plasmatic CRP levels by about 9%. Both nonanimal CS samples were effective in reducing plasmatic levels of proinflammatory cytokines. A greater efficacy was also observed for LMM CS compared with a pharmaceutical-grade CS of extractive origin, while the efficacy of the HMM CS sample was found to be rather similar. The greater effect of LMM CS in reducing arthritic parameters may be related to its lower molecular mass with respect to HMM CS and natural CS.
|
['Animals', 'Anti-Inflammatory Agents', 'Arthritis', 'C-Reactive Protein', 'Chondroitin Sulfates', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Interleukin-1beta', 'Interleukin-6', 'Male', 'Rats, Inbred Lew', 'Tarsal Joints', 'gamma-Glutamyltransferase']
| 25,247,259
|
[['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.158'], ['C05.550.114'], ['D12.776.034.145', 'D12.776.124.050.120', 'D12.776.124.486.157'], ['D09.698.373.200.300'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.010.600', 'D12.644.276.374.500.400.600', 'D12.776.467.374.465.010.600', 'D12.776.467.374.500.400.600', 'D23.529.374.465.131.600', 'D23.529.374.500.400.600'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.224', 'D12.776.467.374.465.202', 'D23.529.374.465.224'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760.280', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400.280'], ['A02.835.583.378.831'], ['D08.811.913.050.200.500']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Design and characterization of bivalent compounds as potential neuroprotectants for Alzheimer's disease: Impact of the spacer on biological activity.
|
In our continuing efforts to develop bivalent compounds as potential neuroprotectants for Alzheimer's disease, a series of bivalent compounds that contain cholesterylamine and an extended spacer were synthesized and biologically characterized. Our results demonstrated that incorporation of a piperazine ring into the spacer composition significantly improved the protective potency in MC65 cell models. Our results also suggested that the optimal spacer length for such bivalent compounds ranges from 17 to 21 atoms, and further spacer extension beyond 21 atoms results no further optimization. Notably, incorporation of a piperazine ring into the spacer diminished the biometal chelating capacity for these bivalent compounds, thus suggesting structural flexibility of these compounds in interactions with metals. Collectively, the results provided valuable guidance to develop new bivalent compounds as neuroprotectants for Alzheimer's disease.
|
['Alzheimer Disease', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Drug Design', 'Humans', 'Molecular Structure', 'Neuroprotective Agents', 'Piperazine', 'Piperazines', 'Structure-Activity Relationship']
| 29,475,586
|
[['C10.228.140.380.100', 'C10.574.945.249', 'F03.615.400.100'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['E05.290.500', 'H01.158.703.007.338.500', 'H01.181.466.338.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G02.111.570', 'G02.466'], ['D27.505.696.706.548', 'D27.505.954.427.575'], ['D03.383.606.768'], ['D03.383.606'], ['G02.111.830', 'G07.690.773.997']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Efficient synthetic access to the hetisine C20-diterpenoid alkaloids. A concise synthesis of nominine via oxidoisoquinolinium-1,3-dipolar and dienamine-Diels-Alder cycloadditions.
|
A concise synthetic approach to the hetisine C20-diterpenoid alkaloids is reported. The total synthesis of (+/-)-nominine was accomplished in a 15-step sequence employing a dual cycloaddition strategy. Key features of the synthesis include a reversible intramolecular 4-oxidoisoquinolinium betaine dipolar cycloaddition in conjunction with a pyrrolidine-induced dienamine isomerization/Diels-Alder cascade.
|
['Aconitum', 'Alkaloids', 'Amines', 'Crystallography, X-Ray', 'Cyclization', 'Diterpenes', 'Indoles', 'Isoquinolines', 'Models, Molecular', 'Molecular Structure', 'Stereoisomerism']
| 16,819,859
|
[['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.836.750.022'], ['D03.132'], ['D02.092'], ['E05.196.309.742.225'], ['G02.111.180', 'G02.607.133', 'G03.208'], ['D02.455.849.291'], ['D03.633.100.473'], ['D03.633.100.531'], ['E05.599.595'], ['G02.111.570', 'G02.466'], ['G02.607.445.682']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Apolipoprotein E genotype and risk for development of cataract and age-related macular degeneration.
|
PURPOSE: To study whether apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotypes are associated with risk for developing cataract and age-related macular degeneration (AMD).METHODS: A sample of 88 healthy adults (50-75 years) genotyped for polymorphisms of APOE underwent an eye examination which included visual acuity (VA) testing, slit-lamp cataract evaluation, optical coherence tomography (OCT) and fundus photography, the last of which was analysed and graded for macular pathology at the Reading Centre, Moorfields Eye Hospital, London. Two-by-two cross tables were analysed using the Fisher-Boschloo unconditional full multinomial test. Two-sample t-tests were used for comparing means of scale variables.RESULTS: Thirty-two participants were diagnosed with cataract or had undergone cataract surgery in one or both eyes, and 56 participants demonstrated no signs of cataract. We found that APOE4 carriers were less likely to have cataract than non-APOE4 carriers (p = 0.039). No correlation between APOE genotypes and morphologic changes in the macular region was revealed. However, APOE3 carriers disclosed significantly higher average macular thickness in both eyes than non-APOE3 carriers (p = 0.012), and APOE3 carriers also had significantly better VA than non-APOE3 carriers (p = 0.041).CONCLUSIONS: We found no association between AMD and APOE polymorphism in a population of 96 individuals aged 50-75 years. A weak negative association between APOE4 and cataract was uncovered in the same population. Apolipoprotein E3 may be a protective factor against the loss of nerve fibres in the macular region.
|
['Aged', 'Aging', 'Apolipoprotein E2', 'Apolipoprotein E3', 'Apolipoprotein E4', 'Apolipoproteins E', 'Cataract', 'Female', 'Genetic Predisposition to Disease', 'Genotype', 'Humans', 'Macular Degeneration', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Polymorphism, Genetic', 'Risk Factors']
| 18,498,549
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['G07.345.124'], ['D10.532.091.500.249', 'D12.776.070.400.500.249', 'D12.776.521.120.500.249'], ['D10.532.091.500.500', 'D12.776.070.400.500.500', 'D12.776.521.120.500.500'], ['D10.532.091.500.750', 'D12.776.070.400.500.750', 'D12.776.521.120.500.750'], ['D10.532.091.500', 'D12.776.070.400.500', 'D12.776.521.120.500'], ['C11.510.245'], ['C23.550.291.687.500', 'G05.380.355'], ['G05.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C11.768.585.439'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G05.365.795'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Activation of pancreatic acinar cell phospholipase D by epidermal, insulin-like, and basic fibroblast growth factors involves tyrosine kinase.
|
The involvement of phospholipase D (PLD) in phosphatidylcholine hydrolysis by epidermal (EGF), insulin-like (IGF-I), and basic fibroblast (bFGF) growth factors was investigated in rat pancreatic acini. Acini were prelabeled with [3H]myristic acid which is mostly incorporated into phosphatidylcholine. EGF, IGF-I, and bFGF caused significant and dose-dependent increases in [3H]phosphatidic acid (PA) accumulation in the presence of propranolol, a phosphatidic acid phosphohydrolase inhibitor. The effects of EGF and IGF-I were significant after 5, 15, and 30 min of stimulation, whereas that of bFGF was evident only at 30 min. PA production in response to all three factors was dose dependent with maximal responses to EGF at 25 nM, to IGF-I at 16.5 nM, and to bFGF at 50 pM. Preincubation of acini with staurosporine, a protein kinase C and tyrosine kinase inhibitor, totally inhibited PA production by the three factors. Similarly, acini preincubation with genistein, a specific tyrosine kinase inhibitor, also neutralized the influence of the three factors on PA accumulation. In the presence of 1% ethanol, EGF, IGF-I, and bFGF caused significant phosphatidylethanol production after 20 min of incubation, thus confirming the involvement of PLD in PA production. These data present for the first time the description of a new signaling pathway through which EGF, IGF-I, and bFGF may operate to induce some of their specific effects on the pancreas in association with these growth factor receptors' tyrosine kinase activity.
|
['Animals', 'Enzyme Activation', 'Epidermal Growth Factor', 'Evaluation Studies as Topic', 'Fibroblast Growth Factor 2', 'Genistein', 'Insulin-Like Growth Factor I', 'Isoflavones', 'Pancreas', 'Phosphatidic Acids', 'Phosphatidylethanolamines', 'Phospholipase D', 'Protein-Tyrosine Kinases', 'Rats']
| 7,899,461
|
[['B01.050'], ['G02.111.263', 'G03.328'], ['D06.472.317.350', 'D12.644.276.382.500', 'D12.776.467.382.500', 'D23.529.382.500'], ['E05.337', 'N05.715.360.335'], ['D12.644.276.624.120', 'D12.776.467.624.120', 'D23.529.624.120'], ['D03.383.663.283.266.450.400.375', 'D03.633.100.150.266.450.400.375'], ['D12.644.276.937.400', 'D12.776.124.862.400', 'D12.776.467.937.400', 'D23.529.937.400'], ['D03.383.663.283.266.450.400', 'D03.633.100.150.266.450.400'], ['A03.734'], ['D10.570.755.375.760'], ['D10.570.755.375.760.400.840'], ['D08.811.277.352.640.700.710'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Structure of a truncated form of leucine zipper II of JIP3 reveals an unexpected antiparallel coiled-coil arrangement.
|
JIP3 and JIP4, two highly related scaffolding proteins for MAP kinases, are binding partners for two molecular motors as well as for the small G protein ARF6. The leucine zipper II (LZII) region of JIP3/4 is the binding site for these three partners. Previously, the crystal structure of ARF6 bound to JIP4 revealed LZII in a parallel coiled-coil arrangement. Here, the crystal structure of an N-terminally truncated form of LZII of JIP3 alone shows an unexpected antiparallel arrangement. Using molecular dynamics and modelling, the stability of this antiparallel LZII arrangement, as well as its specificity for ARF6, were investigated. This study highlights that N-terminal truncation of LZII can change its coiled-coil orientation without affecting its overall stability. Further, a conserved buried asparagine residue was pinpointed as a possible structural determinant for this dramatic structural rearrangement. Thus, LZII of JIP3/4 is a versatile structural motif, modifications of which can impact partner recognition and thus biological function.
|
['Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing', 'Amino Acid Sequence', 'Crystallization', 'Crystallography, X-Ray', 'Humans', 'Leucine Zippers', 'Molecular Dynamics Simulation', 'Nerve Tissue Proteins', 'Peptide Fragments', 'Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs', 'Protein Structure, Secondary', 'Protein Structure, Tertiary']
| 26,919,523
|
[['D12.644.360.024', 'D12.776.157.057', 'D12.776.476.024'], ['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['E05.196.300', 'G02.171'], ['E05.196.309.742.225'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G02.111.570.820.709.275.500.520'], ['E05.599.595.500', 'G02.111.570.895', 'L01.224.160.500'], ['D12.776.631'], ['D12.644.541'], ['G02.111.570.820.709.275.750.500'], ['G02.111.570.820.709.600'], ['G02.111.570.820.709.610']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Differential time domain method improves performance of pulsed laser ranging and three-dimensional imaging.
|
A ranging method based on the differential time domain method (DTDM) is proposed in order to improve ranging accuracy and the range of active measurement based on peak discriminator (PD). We develop mathematical models and deduce that zero-crossing sensitivity is an important factor, which affects the ranging error of DTDM. Additionally, zero-crossing sensitivity is determined by delayed time. We carried out relative experiments and obtained the smallest ranging error when delayed time is receiving pulse width. We also compare ranging, three-dimensional (3D) point clouds and depth images based on two methods under same testing conditions. The results show that DTDM is beneficial in improving performance of pulse laser ranging and 3D imaging.
|
['Imaging, Three-Dimensional', 'Lasers', 'Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted', 'Time Factors']
| 26,835,773
|
[['E01.370.350.400', 'L01.224.308.410'], ['E07.632.490', 'E07.710.520'], ['L01.224.800'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Process and economic evaluation for monoclonal antibody purification using a membrane-only process.
|
In recent years, the market for therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAb) has grown exponentially, and with this there has been a desire to reduce the costs associated with production and purification of these high-value biological products. A typical mAb purification process involves three adsorption/chromatography steps [protein A, ion exchange (IEX), and hydrophobic interaction (HIC)], along with ultrafiltration, nanofiltration, and microfiltration. With the development of membrane adsorption/chromatography as a viable alternative to traditional pack bed systems, the opportunity exists to complete the entire downstream purification process using only membrane operations. In this study, the process simulation tool SuperPro Designer was used to evaluate the application of recently developed ultra-high capacity electrospun nanofibrous adsorption membranes as a replacement for conventional chromatographic media in the downstream mAb production process. The simulation showed that nanofibrous adsorption membranes in place of the three packed bed chromatography steps reduced the required volume of protein A, IEX, and HIC adsorptive medium by 25, 80, and 80%, respectively. In addition, the membrane-only process reduced the downstream processing time by 50%, decreased the number of labor hours associated with the purification steps by 40%, generated 40% less aqueous waste, and reduced the overall downstream process operating expenses per unit product by 23%. There were also significant savings in facility construction costs and the price of fixed equipment required for separations. With these savings not only is the membrane-only process economically competitive with the traditional packed bed operations, but it offers the possibility of moving toward more disposable process.
|
['Adsorption', 'Antibodies, Monoclonal', 'Chromatography, Ion Exchange', 'Costs and Cost Analysis', 'Membranes, Artificial', 'Ultrafiltration']
| 21,618,725
|
[['G01.030', 'G02.020'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224'], ['E05.196.181.400.383'], ['N03.219.151'], ['D25.479', 'J01.637.051.479', 'J01.637.087.500'], ['E04.292.975', 'E05.196.454.807', 'G01.280.807', 'G02.263.807']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
EL-4 tumor cell-induced human and rabbit platelet aggregations.
|
EL-4 tumor cells were assayed in vitro for their ability to aggregate two kinds of platelets. An inhibition study showed that the EL-4 tumor cell can induce platelet aggregation by at least two different mechanisms. One, mediated by thrombin, was dominant with rabbit platelets because hirudin, which specifically inhibits thrombin, considerably suppressed the rabbit platelet aggregation induced by EL-4 tumor cells. In contrast, EL-4 cells induced the aggregation of human platelets even in citrated PRP. It is the apyrase-sensitive pathway that is believed to work in human platelets. The human platelet responses to EL-4 tumor cells clearly differed from those of rabbit platelets in terms of inhibition by hirudin and apyrase and of reactivity in citrated PRP. Both phospholipase A2 and dibutyryl cAMP strongly inhibited EL-4 tumor cell-induced platelet aggregation in both rabbit and human platelets. These two compounds may block a vital step in platelet aggregation that is elicited by the EL-4 tumor cells. Our results show that human platelet response to tumor cells is not necessarily deducible from experimental data obtained with animal platelets.
|
['Animals', 'Apyrase', 'Bucladesine', 'Cell Line', 'Hirudins', 'Humans', 'Kinetics', 'Lymphoma', 'Mice', 'Phospholipases A', 'Phospholipases A2', 'Platelet Aggregation', 'Rabbits']
| 3,015,428
|
[['B01.050'], ['D08.811.277.040.050'], ['D03.633.100.759.646.138.395.250', 'D13.695.462.200.250', 'D13.695.667.138.395.250', 'D13.695.827.068.395.250'], ['A11.251.210'], ['D12.644.861.060.875', 'D12.776.872.060.875'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['C04.557.386', 'C15.604.515.569', 'C20.683.515.761'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['D08.811.277.352.100.680.750'], ['D08.811.277.352.100.680.750.937'], ['G09.188.370.687', 'G09.188.390.600.640'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.968.700']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Severity and presence of atherosclerosis signs within the segments of internal carotid artery: CBCT's contribution.
|
OBJECTIVES: This study aims to assess with cone-beam computed tomography the distribution and interrelation of the presence of calcifications along the course of the internal carotid artery and to associate their severity with their allocation within the segments of internal carotid artery, gender, and age.STUDY DESIGN: Using a documented visual scale, 161 cone-beam computed tomography scans were evaluated on the allocation and severity of intracranial calcifications within the segments of the internal carotid artery.RESULTS: Calcifications were detected along the petrous (C2: 11.8%), lacerum (C3: 23.6%), cavernous (C4: 92.5%), and ophthalmic-clinoid (C5/C6: 65.8%) segments. The Friedman test showed significant differences in severity distribution among these segments; the highest degree was found in the C4 segment (P < .05). The Wilcoxon signed-rank test showed no significant differences between calcifications on the right or left side or between severities within the C1 (extracranial) and C5/C6 segments. The Chi-square test showed that the severity and allocation of calcifications are not influenced by gender; it also showed that their severity increases with age (P < .05).CONCLUSIONS: In the cohort studied, the incidence of calcifications increased throughout the C1, C5/C6, and C4 segments. More severe calcifications were found at the C4, C1, and C5/C6 segments in decreasing order but increased with age, regardless of gender.
|
['Adult', 'Age Factors', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Atherosclerosis', 'Carotid Artery, Internal', 'Cone-Beam Computed Tomography', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Severity of Illness Index', 'Sex Factors']
| 27,260,278
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['C14.907.137.126.307'], ['A07.015.114.186.200.230'], ['E01.370.350.700.810.810.490', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810.399'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.158.600.680', 'E01.370.350.350.700', 'E01.370.350.700.705', 'L01.313.500.750.100.158.600.680'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475.456.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.364.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.364.500'], ['N05.715.350.675', 'N06.850.490.875']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Sperm integrity is critical for normal mitotic division and early embryonic development.
|
The human zygote relies on the paternal gamete to provide the centrosome component essential for the first mitotic division. It is not known whether normal centrosome function requires an intact spermatozoon, or whether donation of an isolated paternal centrosome component can result in normal zygotes and embryos. To explore this possibility, mature human oocytes were microinjected with either intact or dissected spermatozoa. Fertilization and cleavage rates were documented; nuclear and cytoskeletal changes were observed with fluorescent immunocytochemistry; and chromosomal normality was assessed with fluorescent in-situ hybridization. A pilot study was performed to identify cytoskeletal features suggestive of centrosome function. Unfertilized oocytes and tripronucleate (3PN) zygotes from in-vitro fertilization or intracytoplasmic sperm injection were assessed to confirm the sequence of the landmarks of human fertilization. Oocytes injected with mechanically-dissected spermatozoa appear to be capable of normal pronuclear formation and embryonic cleavage, but do not undergo normal mitotic division. Although decondensed, apposed nuclei are noted in combination with diffuse cytoskeleton assembly, no spindle was detected in any zygote resulting from the injection of a dissected spermatozoon. Analysis of selected embryos resulting from dissected sperm injection revealed chromosomal mosaicism in the majority of specimens. The lack of a bipolar spindle, in combination with chromosomal mosaicism, suggests abnormalities of the mitotic apparatus when sperm integrity is impaired following dissection.
|
['Cell Nucleus', 'Chromosome Aberrations', 'Cytoplasm', 'Cytoskeleton', 'Embryo, Mammalian', 'Female', 'Fertilization in Vitro', 'Fluorescent Antibody Technique', 'Humans', 'In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence', 'Injections', 'Male', 'Microtubules', 'Mitosis', 'Pilot Projects', 'Sperm Head', 'Sperm Tail', 'Spermatozoa', 'Zygote']
| 10,460,222
|
[['A11.284.430.106', 'A11.284.430.214.190.875.117'], ['C23.550.210', 'G05.365.590.175'], ['A11.284.430.214'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.750'], ['A16.254'], ['E02.875.800.750', 'E05.820.800.750'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512.240', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512.240', 'E05.200.500.607.512.240', 'E05.200.750.551.512.240', 'E05.478.583.375'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.670.325.350', 'E01.370.225.750.600.670.325.350', 'E05.200.500.620.670.325.350', 'E05.200.750.600.670.325.350', 'E05.393.285.350', 'E05.393.661.475.350'], ['E02.319.267.530'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.750.602'], ['G04.144.220.220.781', 'G05.113.220.781'], ['E05.318.372.750', 'E05.337.737', 'N05.715.360.330.720', 'N06.850.520.450.720'], ['A05.360.490.890.820', 'A11.497.760.400'], ['A05.360.490.890.840', 'A11.284.180.290.835', 'A11.497.760.500'], ['A05.360.490.890', 'A11.497.760'], ['A05.360.490.690.970', 'A11.497.497.950', 'A16.950']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
The three methyl-CpG-binding domains of AtMBD7 control its subnuclear localization and mobility.
|
Three methyl-CpG-binding domain (MBD) proteins in Arabidopsis, AtMBD5, AtMBD6, and AtMBD7, are functional in binding methylated CpG dinucleotides in vitro and localize to the highly CpG-methylated chromocenters in vivo. These proteins differ, however, in their subnuclear localization pattern; AtMBD5 and AtMBD6, each containing a single MBD motif, show preference for two perinucleolar chromocenters, whereas AtMBD7, a naturally occurring poly-MBD protein containing three MBD motifs, localizes to all chromocenters. Here we studied the significance of multiple MBD motifs for subnuclear localization and mobility in living cells. We found that the number of MBD motifs determines the subnuclear localization of the MBD protein. Furthermore, live kinetic experiments showed that AtMBD7-green fluorescent protein (GFP) has lower mobility than AtMBD5-GFP and AtMBD6-GFP, which is conferred by cooperative activity of its three MBD motifs. Thus, the number of MBD motifs appears to affect not only binding affinity and mobility within the nucleus, but also the subnuclear localization of the protein. Our results suggest that poly-MBD proteins can directly affect chromatin structure by inducing intra- and inter-chromatin compaction via bridging over multiple methylated CpG sites.
|
['Amino Acid Motifs', 'Arabidopsis', 'Arabidopsis Proteins', 'Cell Nucleus', 'CpG Islands', 'DNA Methylation', 'DNA-Binding Proteins']
| 18,211,904
|
[['G02.111.570.820.709.275.500', 'G02.111.570.820.709.600.500'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.157.100'], ['D12.776.765.149'], ['A11.284.430.106', 'A11.284.430.214.190.875.117'], ['G02.111.570.080.380.160', 'G05.360.080.380.160', 'G05.360.340.024.159'], ['G02.111.035.538.161', 'G02.111.218', 'G03.059.538.161', 'G05.206'], ['D12.776.260']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Biflavonoids from the aerial part of Stephania tetrandra.
|
Investigation of the aerial part of Stephania tetrandra led to the isolation of two biflavonoids, stephaflavone A and stephaflavone B, with a 3-6" linkage pattern, together with beta-sitosterol. Their structures were established on the basis of their spectroscopic data and their physicochemical properties.
|
['Flavonoids', 'Molecular Structure', 'Ranunculaceae', 'Spectrum Analysis']
| 11,576,598
|
[['D03.383.663.283.266.450', 'D03.633.100.150.266.450'], ['G02.111.570', 'G02.466'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.836.750'], ['E05.196.867']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Drug consumption of armed forces recruits (author's transl)].
|
Requestioning of armed forces recruits showed partial increase of their drug consumption while in the army. The consumption of alcoholic beverages as well as cannabis increased, the level of cigaret smoking remained constant. To some extent, the recruits evaluate these changes incorrectly, since they do not always coincide with their intentions with regard to consumption. Alcohol consumption correlates with the situation as experienced by the troops. The Bundeswehr can be held only partially responsible for the heavy drinking since the recruits enter the army already having distinct drinking habits.
|
['Adult', 'Alcohol Drinking', 'Germany, West', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Marijuana Abuse', 'Military Medicine', 'Smoking']
| 6,777,673
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['F01.145.317.269'], ['Z01.586.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C25.775.635', 'F03.900.635'], ['H02.403.500'], ['F01.145.805']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
|
Use of multiple surveys to estimate mortality among never, current, and former smokers: changes over a 20-year interval.
|
OBJECTIVES: This study sought to demonstrate how data from publicly available large-scale cross-sectional health surveys can be combined to analyze changes in mortality risks among never, current, and former smokers.METHODS: Data from the 1966/68 and 1986 National Mortality Followback Surveys and the 1970 and 1987 National Health Interview Surveys were used to estimate the distribution of never, current, and former smokers among the US population at risk and decedents. Standardized mortality ratios and quotients of standardized mortality ratios were used to estimate mortality risks.RESULTS: Generally, during the period from 1966 through 1986, mortality rates in the United States for most causes of death declined among all smoking groups. However, mortality rates from respiratory diseases increased for current and former smokers.CONCLUSIONS: The reported changes in never and current smoker mortality risks are similar in magnitude and direction to those reported in a previous study based on longitudinal data. The use of combined data from the National Mortality Followback Survey and the National Health Interview Survey offers several advantages as an epidemiological tool.
|
['Adult', 'Age Distribution', 'Aged', 'Cause of Death', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Data Interpretation, Statistical', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Health Surveys', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'National Center for Health Statistics, U.S.', 'Population Surveillance', 'Sex Distribution', 'Smoking', 'United States']
| 9,807,533
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['I01.240.050', 'N01.224.033', 'N06.850.505.400.050'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.250', 'N01.224.935.698.100', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.250', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.250'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['E05.245.380', 'E05.318.740.300', 'L01.313.500.750.190.380', 'N05.715.360.750.300', 'N06.850.520.830.300'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['E05.318.308.980.438', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['I01.409.418.750.600.650.200.260', 'N03.540.348.500.500.600.650.225.260'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.700', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.625', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.700', 'N06.850.780.675'], ['I01.240.800', 'N01.224.803', 'N06.850.505.400.850'], ['F01.145.805'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
13-Valent vaccine serotype pneumococcal community acquired pneumonia in adults in high clinical risk groups.
|
There is debate regarding the value of vaccinating adults with the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV-13). This analysis was conducted to investigate the risk of PCV-13 serotype community acquired pneumonia (CAP) in hospitalised adults with co-morbid disease and risk factors for pneumococcal disease in the UK. Consecutive adults hospitalised (2008-2013) with a primary diagnosis of CAP, were recruited. Pneumococcal aetiology disease was identified by use of pneumococcal urinary antigen detection and serotype identification using a validated multiplex immunoassay or serum latex agglutination. Adults with PCV-13 serotype CAP were compared to those with non-PCV-13 serotype CAP. Of 2224 patients, PCV-13 serotype CAP was identified in 337 (15.2%) and non-PCV-13 serotype CAP in 250 (11.2%) individuals. Adults aged ?65 years with one or more clinical risk factors had a significantly lower risk of PCV-13 serotype CAP compared to those aged 16-64 years without clinical risk factors (aOR 0.61, 95%CI 0.41-0.92, p = .018). In a stacked-risk analysis, the presence of incremental clinical risk factors was associated with lower odds of PCV-13 disease (p for trend = .029) Adults with underlying chronic respiratory disease (aOR) 0.56, 95% CI 0.36-0.85, p = .007) and chronic kidney disease (aOR 0.48, 95% CI 0.25-0.92, p = .028) had significantly lower adjusted odds of PCV-13 compared to non-PCV-13 serotype CAP. This analysis suggests that in the UK, the burden of PCV13 disease is greater in adults outside the traditional 'at-risk' groups compared to adults in 'at-risk' groups.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Community-Acquired Infections', 'Comorbidity', 'Female', 'Hospitalization', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Mortality', 'Odds Ratio', 'Pneumococcal Vaccines', 'Pneumonia, Pneumococcal', 'Public Health Surveillance', 'Serogroup', 'Streptococcus pneumoniae', 'Young Adult']
| 29,439,865
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['C01.234'], ['N05.715.350.225', 'N06.850.490.687'], ['E02.760.400', 'N02.421.585.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.308.985.550', 'N01.224.935.698', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550'], ['E05.318.740.600.600', 'G17.680.500', 'N05.715.360.750.625.590', 'N06.850.520.830.600.600'], ['D20.215.894.135.750.600'], ['C01.150.252.410.890.670.750', 'C01.150.252.620.550', 'C01.748.610.540.550', 'C08.381.677.540.550', 'C08.730.610.540.550'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.700.324', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.625.324', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.700.324', 'N06.850.780.675.487'], ['G05.695.825'], ['B03.353.750.737.872.550', 'B03.510.400.800.872.550', 'B03.510.550.737.872.550'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
[Treatment of bone and soft tissue defects in the distal part of the shank].
|
Important loss of tissue in the distal third of the leg sets a difficult problem in reconstruction. The first case gives an example of a free vascularized bone graft, the second of application of the dorsalis pedis flap as an island. The indications are discussed and some points of the operative procedure are mentioned.
|
['Accidents, Traffic', 'Adult', 'Bone Transplantation', 'Disasters', 'Fractures, Ununited', 'Humans', 'Leg Injuries', 'Male', 'Surgical Flaps', 'Tibial Fractures']
| 6,360,820
|
[['N06.850.135.392'], ['M01.060.116'], ['E02.095.147.725.052', 'E04.555.130', 'E04.936.580.052'], ['N06.230.100'], ['C26.404.468'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C26.558'], ['A10.850.710', 'E07.862.710'], ['C26.404.875', 'C26.558.857']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
[Electroacupuncture improves cutaneous allergic reaction by inhibiting degranulation of intrape-ritoneal mast cells, MAPK signaling and inflammatory factor levels in urticaria rats].
|
OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) on degranulation of intraperitoneal mast cells (MCs) and expression of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling related proteins, tumor necrosis factor-á(TNF-á) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in urticaria rats, so as to reveal its mechanisms underlying improvement of urticaria.METHODS: Thirty-two SD rats were randomly divided into control?model?EA and medication groups (n?8 in each group). The urticaria model was established by using passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) reaction method. EA (2 Hz /15 Hz, 1 mA) was applied to bilateral "Zusanli"(ST36), "Quchi "(LI11) and "Xuehai"(SP10) for 20 min?once daily for 7 consecutive days before antigen attack. Rats of the medication group were treated by gavage of Loratadine(1 mg•kg?1•d?1)for 7 days. The diameter of cutaneous Evan's blue spots was measured to evaluate the severity of PCA. Intraperitoneal fluid smears were prepared to observe the degranulation state of MCs. The contents of TNF-á and IL-6 in the intraperitoneal fluid were detected by ELISA, and the expression of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), phosphorylated (p)-ERK, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), p-JNK, P38MAPK and p-P38MAPK of the acquired intraperitoneal MCs was detected by Western blot.RESULTS: The diameter of cutaneous Evan's blue spot was significantly increased in the model group than that in the control group (P<0.01), and considerably decreased in both EA and medication groups compared with the model group(P<0.01). After modeling?the percentage of degranulated MCs, contents of TNF-á and IL-6, and expression levels of ERK, p-ERK, JNK, p-JNK, P38MAPK and p-P38MAPK were remarkably increased in the mo-del group than those in the control group (P<0.01, P<0.05). After the treatment, the percentage of degranulated MCs, contents of TNF-á and IL-6, and expression levels of p-ERK, JNK, p-JNK and p-P38MAPK were obviously decreased in both EA and medication groups relevant to the model group (P<0.01, P<0.05), while no significant changes were found in the expression of ERK in both EA and medication groups, and P38MAPK in the EA group. Compared with the model and EA groups, expression levels of P38MAPK were down-regulated in the medication group (P<0.05).CONCLUSION: EA can reduce skin allergic reaction in rats with urticaria, which may be related to its effects in inhibiting the degranulation of intraperitoneal MCs, down-regulating the expression of MAPK signaling-related proteins and the level of pro-inflammatory factors TNF-á and IL-6 in intraperitoneal MCs.
|
['Acupuncture Points', 'Animals', 'Electroacupuncture', 'Mast Cells', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Signal Transduction', 'Urticaria']
| 32,333,535
|
[['E02.190.044.555.035'], ['B01.050'], ['E02.186.250', 'E02.190.044.244', 'E02.331.399', 'E02.779.468.399', 'E02.831.535.468.399', 'E03.091.823.500', 'E03.155.519'], ['A11.329.427', 'A15.382.652'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['C17.800.862.945', 'C20.543.480.904']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Degradation of carbendazim in paddy soil and the influencing factors].
|
The influences of microorganism, soil moisture and cadmium (Cd) on degradation of carbendazim in paddy soil were investigated with laboratory microcosm experiments. The results showed that the half-life of carbendazim (5.0 mg x kg(-1) and 10.0 mg x kg(-1)) in sterilized soils was 12.6-13.8 times of those in non-sterilized soils. The half-life of carbendazim was decreased by 32.1%-37.1% when the soils were inoculated with carbendazim-degrading strains. When the soil moisture was increased from 40% to 60% or 80% of water holding capacity, the half life of carbendazim was decreased by 46.2% or 74.0%, respectively. Low level of Cd (5 mg x kg(-1)) enhanced the degradation of carbendazim in soils with half-life time decreased by 32.1%-52.4%, but high level of Cd (50 mg x kg(-1)) inhibited the degradation of carbendazim in soils with half-life time increased by 92.6%-103.0%. For the soils inoculated with carbendazim-degrading strains, the half life of carbendazim was decreased by 34.0% -34.4% with the addition of low level of Cd (5.0 mg x kg(-1)), while the half life time was increased by 74.4% -109.4% with the addition of high level of Cd (50 mg x kg(-1)). The results demonstrate that indigenous microorganisms is a critical factor that influences carbendazim degradation in soils, and that carbendazim-degrading strains, high soil moisture and low Cd level enhance the degradation of carbendazim.
|
['Bacteria', 'Benzimidazoles', 'Biodegradation, Environmental', 'Carbamates', 'Crops, Agricultural', 'Soil', 'Soil Microbiology', 'Soil Pollutants']
| 23,323,435
|
[['B03'], ['D03.633.100.103'], ['N06.230.080.600.500', 'N06.850.460.375.500'], ['D02.241.081.251'], ['B01.650.160', 'G07.203.300.300', 'J02.500.300'], ['D20.721', 'G01.311.820', 'G16.500.275.815', 'N06.230.600'], ['H01.158.273.540.274.555', 'N06.850.425.300'], ['D27.888.284.756']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Cerebrospinal fluid S-100beta and its relationship with AIDS dementia complex.
|
BACKGROUND: The astrocyte is thought to be important in AIDS dementia complex (ADC) pathogenesis on the basis of ADC neuropathology and cell culture models putatively because HIV can infect astrocytes leading to a compromise of their physiological detoxifying and neuronal support functions. Confirmatory in vivo data are lacking. Currently, the only widely available marker of the astrocyte is the protein S-100beta.OBJECTIVE: The aims of this study were to determine whether cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of S-100beta correlate with the presence, severity and rapidity of ADC progression.STUDY DESIGN: Fourty nine CSF samples from HIV-1 seropositive individuals with either no ADC (ADC stage 0) or varying degrees of ADC (ADC stages 1-3) were analysed in this study. An immunoradiometric assay was used to quantify levels of S-100beta in the CSF. All individuals in this study were receiving antiretroviral therapy. In addition, individuals with ADC were grouped as either rapid ADC progressors or slow ADC progressors depending on the period of time from ADC diagnosis to death.RESULTS: CSF S-100beta levels in individuals with either ADC stage 2 or 3 were significantly elevated compared to those with stage 0 or 1. Moreover, CSF S-100beta levels were significantly higher in individuals with rapid ADC progression compared with slow progressors.CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that CSF S-100beta levels predict those patients in whom ADC will progress rapidly.
|
['AIDS Dementia Complex', 'Biomarkers', 'Disease Progression', 'HIV-1', 'Humans', 'Nerve Growth Factors', 'S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit', 'S100 Proteins', 'Viral Load']
| 11,564,589
|
[['C01.221.250.875.049', 'C01.221.812.640.400.070', 'C01.778.640.400.070', 'C01.925.782.815.616.400.049', 'C01.925.813.400.070', 'C10.228.140.380.070', 'C20.673.480.070', 'F03.615.400.050'], ['D23.101'], ['C23.550.291.656'], ['B04.820.650.589.650.350.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.644.276.860', 'D12.776.467.860', 'D12.776.631.600', 'D23.529.850'], ['D12.776.157.125.750.625', 'D12.776.631.655.750'], ['D12.776.157.125.750', 'D12.776.631.655'], ['E01.370.225.875.950', 'E05.200.875.950', 'G06.920.850']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Thauera lacus
|
A Gram-stain-negative, facultatively anaerobic, motile and rod-shaped bacterium, designated D20T, was isolated from the saline Lake Dai in Inner Mongolia, PR China. Growth of strain D20T occurred at 25-45 °C (optimum, 40 °C), pH 4.0-12.0 (optimum, 8.0) and with 0-3 % NaCl (w/v); (optimum, 0-1 %). The results of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain D20T was most closely related to three Thauera species, Thaueraselenatis AXT, Thaueraaminoaromatica S2T and Thaueraaromatica K172T, with a similarity value of 96.2 %. The major respiratory quinone of strain D20T was ubiquinone-8 (Q-8), and the dominant fatty acids (>10 %) were summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ù6c and/or C16 : 1ù7c; 39.8 %), C16 : 0 (30.9 %) and summed feature 8 (C18 : 1ù6c and/or C18 : 1ù7c; 13.5 %). The polar lipid profile contained phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, one aminophospholipid and five unidentified lipids. The DNA G+C content was 67.2 mol% (data from the genome sequence). The estimated genome size was 3.7 Mb. The phenotypic, genotypic and chemotaxonomic differences between strain D20T and its phylogenetic relatives indicated that strain D20T should be regarded as a novel species in the genus Thauera, for which the name Thaueralacus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is D20T (=MCCC 1H00305T=KCTC 62586T).
|
['Bacterial Typing Techniques', 'Base Composition', 'China', 'DNA, Bacterial', 'Fatty Acids', 'Lakes', 'Phospholipids', 'Phylogeny', 'RNA, Ribosomal, 16S', 'Salinity', 'Sequence Analysis, DNA', 'Thauera', 'Ubiquinone']
| 31,464,660
|
[['E01.370.225.875.150.125', 'E05.200.875.150.125'], ['G02.111.080'], ['Z01.252.474.164'], ['D13.444.308.212'], ['D10.251'], ['G01.311.580', 'G16.500.275.280.500', 'N06.230.232.500'], ['D10.570.755'], ['G05.697', 'G16.075.605', 'L01.100.697'], ['D13.444.735.686.670'], ['G02.640.500'], ['E05.393.760.700'], ['B03.440.425.410.745', 'B03.660.075.655.800'], ['D02.806.250.900', 'D08.211.935']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Cognitive mechanisms and motor control during a saccadic eye movement task: evidence from quantitative electroencephalography.
|
The saccadic movement is an important behavioral measure used to investigate several cognitive processes, including attention and sensorimotor integration. The present study aimed at investigating changes in beta coherence over frontal, motor, occipital, and parietal cortices during the performance of two different conditions of a prosacadic paradigm. The conditions involved a different pattern of stimulus presentation: a fixed and random stimulus presentation. Twelve healthy volunteers (three male, mean age of 26.25 (SD=4.13) performed the task, while their brain activity pattern was recorded using quantitative electroencephalography. The results showed an interaction between factors condition and moment for the pair of electrode C3/C4. We observed a main effect for moment to CZ/C4, FZ/F3, and P3/PZ. We also found a main effect for condition to FZ/F4, P3/P4, and O1/O2. Our results demonstrated an important role of the inter-connection of the two hemispheres in visual search and movement preparation. The study demonstrates an automation of action and reduction of the focus of attention during the task. We also found that the inter-hemispheric beta coherence plays an important role in the differentiation of the two conditions, and that beta in the right frontal cortex is able to differentiate the conditions, demonstrating a greater involvement of procedural memory in fixed condition. Our results suggest a neuronal specialization in the execution of prosacadic paradigm involving motor task sequence.
|
['Adult', 'Cerebral Cortex', 'Electroencephalography', 'Female', 'Frontal Lobe', 'Functional Laterality', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Occipital Lobe', 'Parietal Lobe', 'Saccades']
| 22,836,456
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500'], ['E01.370.376.300', 'E01.370.405.245'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.270'], ['F02.830.297.425', 'G11.561.225.425'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.571'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.670'], ['G14.350.500']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Investigation of the predictors of the response to Iguratimod therapy: A post-hoc
|
Objectives: The treatment response according to patient disease activity during Iguratimod therapy for rheumatoid arthritis has not been sufficiently assessed. A post-hoc analysis of post-marketing surveillance was performed. The treatment effect was evaluated using the European League against Rheumatism (EULAR) response criteria.Methods: Disease Activity Score (DAS) 28 was assessed at various time points. Patients showing a moderate or good response according to the EULAR response criteria at 24 weeks after the start of Iguratimod therapy were considered Responders. Propensity score matching was also performed, after which the factors with the greatest effect on the treatment evaluation were investigated.Results: The mean DAS28 at the start of administration and after 24 weeks was 4.31 and 2.52, respectively, in the Responder and 3.48 and 3.48, respectively, in the Non-responder. After propensity score matching for patient characteristics, the primary factors found to be related to being a Responder were concomitant use of methotrexate (MTX) with Iguratimod, and prior treatment with MTX before the start of Iguratimod.Conclusion: As factors related to the treatment effect, the concomitant use of MTX may contribute to achieving a better effect, and this study has shown that real-world are consistent with the results of clinical trials.
|
['Adult', 'Antirheumatic Agents', 'Arthritis, Rheumatoid', 'Chromones', 'Drug Therapy, Combination', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Methotrexate', 'Middle Aged', 'Product Surveillance, Postmarketing', 'Sulfonamides']
| 31,393,189
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D27.505.954.329'], ['C05.550.114.154', 'C05.799.114', 'C17.300.775.099', 'C20.111.199'], ['D03.383.663.283.266', 'D03.633.100.150.266'], ['E02.319.310'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D03.633.100.733.631.192.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.337.800'], ['D02.065.884', 'D02.886.590.700']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Mechanisms of tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced interleukin-6 synthesis in glioma cells.
|
BACKGROUND: Interleukin (IL)-6 plays a pivotal role in a variety of CNS functions such as the induction and modulation of reactive astrogliosis, pathological inflammatory responses and neuroprotection. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha induces IL-6 release from rat C6 glioma cells through the inhibitory kappa B (IkappaB)-nuclear factor kappa B (NFkappaB) pathway, p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase and stress-activated protein kinase (SAPK)/c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). The present study investigated the mechanism of TNF-alpha-induced IL-6 release in more detail than has previously been reported.METHODS: Cultured C6 cells were stimulated by TNF-alpha. IL-6 release from the cells was measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the phosphorylation of IkappaB, NFkappaB, the MAP kinase superfamily, and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)3 was analyzed by Western blotting. Levels of IL-6 mRNA in cells were evaluated by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction.RESULTS: TNF-alpha significantly induced phosphorylation of NFkappaB at Ser 536 and Ser 468, but not at Ser 529 or Ser 276. Wedelolactone, an inhibitor of IkappaB kinase, suppressed both TNF-alpha-induced IkappaB phosphorylation and NFkappaB phosphorylation at Ser 536 and Ser 468. TNF-alpha-stimulated increases in IL-6 levels were suppressed by wedelolactone. TNF-alpha induced phosphorylation of STAT3. The Janus family of tyrosine kinase (JAK) inhibitor I, an inhibitor of JAK 1, 2 and 3, attenuated TNF-alpha-induced phosphorylation of STAT3 and significantly reduced TNF-alpha-stimulated IL-6 release. Apocynin, an inhibitor of NADPH oxidase that suppresses intracellular reactive oxygen species, significantly suppressed TNF-alpha-induced IL-6 release and mRNA expression. However, apocynin failed to affect the phosphorylation of IkappaB, NFkappaB, p38 MAP kinase, SAPK/JNK or STAT3.CONCLUSION: These results strongly suggest that TNF-alpha induces IL-6 synthesis through the JAK/STAT3 pathway in addition to p38 MAP kinase and SAPK/JNK in C6 glioma cells, and that phosphorylation of NFkappaB at Ser 536 and Ser 468, and NADPH oxidase are involved in TNF-alpha-stimulated IL-6 synthesis.
|
['Acetophenones', 'Analysis of Variance', 'Animals', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Coumarins', 'Enzyme Inhibitors', 'Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic', 'Glioma', 'I-kappa B Proteins', 'Interleukin-6', 'Phosphorylation', 'Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Rats', 'STAT3 Transcription Factor', 'Time Factors', 'Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha']
| 20,205,746
|
[['D02.522.120'], ['E05.318.740.150', 'N05.715.360.750.125', 'N06.850.520.830.150'], ['B01.050'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['D03.383.663.283.446', 'D03.633.100.150.446'], ['D27.505.519.389'], ['E05.478.566.350.170', 'E05.478.566.380.360', 'E05.478.583.400.170', 'E05.601.470.350.170', 'E05.601.470.380.360'], ['G05.308.370'], ['C04.557.465.625.600.380', 'C04.557.470.670.380', 'C04.557.580.625.600.380'], ['D12.644.360.365', 'D12.776.260.420', 'D12.776.476.381', 'D12.776.930.326'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.224', 'D12.776.467.374.465.202', 'D23.529.374.465.224'], ['G02.111.665', 'G02.607.780', 'G03.796'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['D12.644.360.024.342.300', 'D12.776.157.057.186.300', 'D12.776.476.024.430.300', 'D12.776.930.840.300'], ['G01.910.857'], ['D12.644.276.374.500.800', 'D12.644.276.374.750.626', 'D12.776.124.900', 'D12.776.395.930', 'D12.776.467.374.500.800', 'D12.776.467.374.750.626', 'D23.529.374.500.800', 'D23.529.374.750.626']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Natural killer cell activity of mononuclear cells from rheumatoid patients measured by a conjugate-binding cytotoxicity assay.
|
The natural killer cell activity of synovial fluid mononuclear cells and synovial membrane mononuclear cells from patients with rheumatoid arthritis was compared with that of paired peripheral blood mononuclear cells from many of these patients. Natural killer cell activity was measured by the use of a conjugate-binding cytotoxicity assay with an erythroleukemic cell line, K562, as target. There was no significant difference when 15-minute target binding by peripheral blood mononuclear cells was compared with synovial fluid mononuclear cells. Target binding of synovial greater (P less than 0.05) than that of peripheral blood cells. Three-hour target killing, however, was significantly greater when synovial fluid mononuclear cells were compared with the peripheral blood cells, P less than 0.01, and when synovial membrane cells were compared with the peripheral blood cells (P less than 0.05). The products of binding and 3-hour killing, a reflection of the total number of mononuclear cells participating in cytotoxicity, were significantly greater when either synovial fluid or synovial membrane mononuclear cells were compared with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (both P less than 0.01). Electron microscopy confirmed the presence of large granular lymphocytes, representing 20% of the peripheral blood cells and 37% of the synovial fluid mononuclear cells. Interferons were detected in 10/12 rheumatoid and 3/12 nonrheumatoid synovial fluid samples studied. These findings indicate that functional natural killer cells are selectively increased in the rheumatoid joint and may contribute to the overall increase in immunologic activity found in the joints of these patients.
|
['Arthritis, Rheumatoid', 'Cytotoxicity Tests, Immunologic', 'Humans', 'Interferons', 'Killer Cells, Natural', 'Monocytes', 'Synovial Fluid', 'Synovial Membrane']
| 6,184,061
|
[['C05.550.114.154', 'C05.799.114', 'C17.300.775.099', 'C20.111.199'], ['E01.370.225.812.160', 'E05.200.812.160', 'E05.478.594.160', 'E05.940.245'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.644.276.374.440', 'D12.776.467.374.440', 'D23.529.374.440'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.537', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.537', 'A15.382.490.555.567.537'], ['A11.118.637.555.652', 'A11.148.580', 'A11.627.624', 'A11.733.547', 'A15.145.229.637.555.652', 'A15.378.316.580', 'A15.382.490.555.652', 'A15.382.670.547', 'A15.382.680.547'], ['A02.835.583.443.800.800', 'A12.207.270.847'], ['A02.835.583.443.800']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The sensitivity and specificity of nonmydriatic digital stereoscopic retinal imaging in detecting diabetic retinopathy.
|
OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to determine the sensitivity and specificity of Joslin Vision Network nonmydriatic digital stereoscopic retinal imaging (NMDSRI) as a screening tool in detecting diabetic retinopathy.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We reviewed the records of 244 patients with diabetes who had a dilated funduscopic examination (DFE) and NMDSRI done within 1 year of each other at four locations in the metropolitan Washington, DC, area. The images were transmitted through a local area network to a central reading location where they were graded by a single retinal specialist.RESULTS: Images of 482 eyes from 243 patients were included in the study. Four images did not transmit, and 35% of the images were not gradable. Of the remaining 311 eyes, there was 86% agreement in the grading between NMDSRI and DFE: 227 eyes with no diabetic retinopathy and 40 eyes with diabetic retinopathy. In 46 eyes (15%) there was a disagreement between gradings made by the two techniques. NMDSRI detected diabetic retinopathy in 35 eyes reported as normal by DFE, and in the remaining 11 eyes, the DFE grade was one grade higher than the NMDSRI grade. Adjudicated nonconcordant examinations were within one grade. In the 76 eyes with diabetic retinopathy, retinal thickness could not be assessed in 17 (21%) eyes. When the NMDSRI result was gradable, the overall sensitivity of NMDSRI was 98% and the specificity was 100% for retinopathy within one grade of the DFE. In the limited number of eyes that had diabetic retinopathy with macular edema (six), agreement with the clinical examination was 100%.CONCLUSIONS: NMDSRI is a sensitive and specific method for the screening and diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy, which may help improve compliance with the standards of eye care for patients with diabetes.
|
['Aged', 'Diabetic Retinopathy', 'Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted', 'Female', 'Fundus Oculi', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Mass Screening', 'Middle Aged', 'Mydriatics', 'Photography', 'Sensitivity and Specificity']
| 17,003,294
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['C11.768.257', 'C14.907.320.382', 'C19.246.099.500.382'], ['E01.158', 'L01.313.500.750.100.158'], ['A09.371.729.313'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.500', 'E05.318.308.980.438.580', 'N02.421.726.233.443', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.580', 'N06.850.780.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D27.505.696.663.050.500'], ['E01.370.350.600', 'E05.712'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Race inequities in men's retirement.
|
A multistate life table model is used to identify how labor force experiences and mortality determine the labor force participation rates (LFPRs) and the qualities of the retirement life cycle of Black and White older men. LFPRs and the life cycle measures are compared to assess inequities of retirement access for the racial groups. The results show that Blacks' lower LFPRs are a function of disability. Despite lower LFPRs than Whites, however, Blacks spend a greater portion of their lives both working and disabled, reducing the retirement period. Race differences in the retirement life cycle also are highly sensitive to mortality. Reducing Black mortality to that of Whites would substantially narrow the life cycle differences. The combination of higher disability and mortality rates among Blacks suggests that health is a key determinant of retirement inequity.
|
['African Americans', 'Aged', 'Disabled Persons', 'Employment', 'European Continental Ancestry Group', 'Health Status', 'Humans', 'Life Expectancy', 'Life Tables', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Mortality', 'Prospective Studies', 'Quality of Life', 'Retirement', 'United States']
| 8,548,518
|
[['M01.686.508.100.100', 'M01.686.754.100'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.150'], ['N01.824.245'], ['M01.686.508.400'], ['I01.240.425', 'N01.224.425', 'N06.850.505.400.425'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.985.450', 'N01.224.935.464', 'N06.850.505.400.975.450', 'N06.850.520.308.985.450'], ['E05.318.308.985.475', 'E05.318.740.100.500', 'N01.224.935.530', 'N06.850.505.400.975.475', 'N06.850.520.308.985.475'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.308.985.550', 'N01.224.935.698', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['I01.800', 'K01.752.400.750', 'N06.850.505.400.425.837'], ['I03.702'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Molecular and Cytological Comparisons of Chromosomes 7el₁, 7el₂, 7E(e), and 7E ⁱ Derived from Thinopyrum.
|
Thinopyrum chromosomes 7el1, 7el2, 7E(e), and 7E(i), homoeologous to group 7 chromosomes of common wheat (Triticum aestivum), were determined to have many useful agronomical traits for wheat improvement. To analyze the genetic relationships among the 4 Thinopyrum 7E chromosomes, the conserved orthologous set markers, genomic in situ hybridization (GISH), and meiotic chromosome pairing were used in this study. The unweighted pair-group method with arithmetical averages (UPGMA) analysis indicated that 7el1, derived from T. ponticum, and 7E(i), derived from T. intermedium, were the most closely related. 7el2, derived from T. ponticum, was relatively distant from the 7el1-7E(i) complex. While 7E(e), derived from T. elongatum, was more distantly related to 7el1, 7el2, and 7E(i). This is the first report showing that 7el1 and 7E(i) may be similar, which could be explained by the similar chromosome signal distribution revealed by GISH as well as UPGMA analysis revealed by both molecular markers and the highest frequency of meiotic pairing. The newly developed genome-specific molecular markers may be useful for marker-assisted selection of Lr19, Bdv3, and Fhblop.
|
['Chromosome Mapping', 'Chromosomes, Plant', 'Genetic Markers', 'In Situ Hybridization', 'Poaceae', 'Triticum']
| 25,968,454
|
[['E05.393.183'], ['A11.284.187.560', 'A18.005', 'G05.360.162.560'], ['D23.101.387', 'G05.695.450'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.670.325', 'E01.370.225.750.600.670.325', 'E05.200.500.620.670.325', 'E05.200.750.600.670.325', 'E05.393.661.475'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.822'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.822.918']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Single-level instrumented posterolateral fusion of the lumbar spine with a local bone graft versus an iliac crest bone graft: a prospective, randomized study with a 2-year follow-up.
|
The iliac crest bone grafting (ICBG) technique for lumbar posterolateral fusion surgery is widely used; however, donor site problems such as pain and sensory disturbance have been reported. Local bone is available for fusion surgery, but its reliability as a graft has not been fully reported. In the current study, we examined single-level instrumented posterolateral fusion with a local bone graft versus an ICBG in a prospective randomized study. Eighty-two patients diagnosed with L4 degenerated spondylolisthesis were divided into two groups at random. Forty-two patients underwent instrumented posterolateral fusion with a local bone graft (L4-L5 level), and 40 patients underwent instrumented posterolateral fusion with an ICBG (L4-L5 level). Rate and duration of bone union, visual analog scale (VAS) score, Japanese orthopedic association score (JOAS), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), and complications were evaluated before and 2 years after therapy. VAS score, JOAS, and ODI were not significantly different between the two groups before and after surgery (P > 0.05). Rate and average duration of bone union were 90% and 8.5 months in the local bone graft group, and 85% and 7.7 months in the ICBG group, but without significant difference (P > 0.05). Prolonged surgical time and complications such as donor site pain (8 patients) and sensory disturbance (6 patients) were observed in the ICBG group. If single-level posterolateral fusion was performed, local bone graft technique has the same bone union rate compared with ICBG, requires less surgical time, and has fewer complications.
|
['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Blood Loss, Surgical', 'Bone Transplantation', 'Disability Evaluation', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Ilium', 'Incidence', 'Lumbar Vertebrae', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Pain Measurement', 'Prospective Studies', 'Spinal Fusion', 'Spondylolisthesis', 'Surgical Wound Infection', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 21,165,658
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['C23.550.414.300', 'C23.550.505.300'], ['E02.095.147.725.052', 'E04.555.130', 'E04.936.580.052'], ['E01.370.400'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A02.835.232.043.825.434'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.375', 'N01.224.935.597.500', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.375', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.375'], ['A02.835.232.834.519'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.370.600.550.324'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E04.555.100.700'], ['C05.116.900.938.500.500'], ['C01.947.692', 'C23.550.767.925'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Simulation of arrhythmogenic effect of rogue RyRs in failing heart by using a coupled model.
|
Cardiac cells with heart failure are usually characterized by impairment of Ca(2+) handling with smaller SR Ca(2+) store and high risk of triggered activities. In this study, we developed a coupled model by integrating the spatiotemporal Ca(2+) reaction-diffusion system into the cellular electrophysiological model. With the coupled model, the subcellular Ca(2+) dynamics and global cellular electrophysiology could be simultaneously traced. The proposed coupled model was then applied to study the effects of rogue RyRs on Ca(2+) cycling and membrane potential in failing heart. The simulation results suggested that, in the presence of rogue RyRs, Ca(2+) dynamics is unstable and Ca(2+) waves are prone to be initiated spontaneously. These release events would elevate the membrane potential substantially which might induce delayed afterdepolarizations or triggered action potentials. Moreover, the variation of membrane potential depolarization is indicated to be dependent on the distribution density of rogue RyR channels. This study provides a new possible arrhythmogenic mechanism for heart failure from subcellular to cellular level.
|
['Action Potentials', 'Arrhythmias, Cardiac', 'Calcium', 'Computer Simulation', 'Diffusion', 'Electrophysiology', 'Heart Failure', 'Heart Ventricles', 'Humans', 'Membrane Potentials', 'Models, Statistical', 'Models, Theoretical', 'Muscle Cells', 'Ryanodine Receptor Calcium Release Channel', 'Time Factors']
| 23,056,145
|
[['G04.580.100', 'G07.265.675.100', 'G11.561.570.100'], ['C14.280.067', 'C23.550.073'], ['D01.268.552.100', 'D01.552.539.288', 'D23.119.100'], ['L01.224.160'], ['G01.202', 'G02.196'], ['H01.158.344.528', 'H01.158.782.236'], ['C14.280.434'], ['A07.541.560'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G01.154.535', 'G04.580', 'G07.265.675', 'G11.561.570'], ['E05.318.740.500', 'E05.599.835', 'N05.715.360.750.530', 'N06.850.520.830.500'], ['E05.599'], ['A11.620'], ['D12.776.157.530.400.150.800', 'D12.776.210.500.800', 'D12.776.543.550.450.150.800', 'D12.776.543.585.400.150.800'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
An association study of dopamine receptors polymorphisms and the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test in schizophrenia.
|
Dopamine (DA), an important neurotransmitter in prefrontal cortex (PFC), is involved in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. The aim of the study was to test an association between common polymorphism of genes for DA receptors DRD1, DRD2, DRD3, DRD4, and performance on the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), measuring various functions of PFC, in 138 schizophrenic patients. Patients with G/G genotype of DRD1 tended to obtain worse results in all domains of WCST compared to patients with remaining genotypes, particularly for number of completed corrected categories, and trials to set the first category. A relationship was also found in female patients between DRD2 polymorphism and number of perseverative errors, while no association between WCST results and DRD3 or DRD4 polymorphism was observed in patients studied. The results may suggest an association between DRD1 gene polymorphism and performance on PFC test in schizophrenia. Also, the gender-dependent role of DRD2 in this process may be presumed.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Brain', 'Brain Chemistry', 'DNA Mutational Analysis', 'Dopamine', 'Female', 'Genetic Predisposition to Disease', 'Genetic Testing', 'Genotype', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Mutation', 'Neuropsychological Tests', 'Polymorphism, Genetic', 'Prefrontal Cortex', 'Receptors, Dopamine', 'Schizophrenia', 'Schizophrenic Psychology', 'Sex Factors']
| 15,785,860
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['A08.186.211'], ['G02.111.150', 'G03.185'], ['E05.393.760.700.300'], ['D02.092.211.215.406', 'D02.092.311.342', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.175.342'], ['C23.550.291.687.500', 'G05.380.355'], ['E01.370.225.562', 'E05.200.562', 'E05.393.435', 'N02.421.308.430', 'N02.421.726.233.221'], ['G05.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G05.365.590'], ['F04.711.513'], ['G05.365.795'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.270.700'], ['D12.776.543.750.670.300.400', 'D12.776.543.750.695.150.400', 'D12.776.543.750.720.330.400'], ['F03.700.750'], ['F04.824'], ['N05.715.350.675', 'N06.850.490.875']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Bcl-2 down-regulation is a novel mechanism of paclitaxel resistance.
|
Taxanes act by inhibiting microtubule dynamics; in this study, we have investigated mitochondria as an additional target of taxanes. We incubated isolated mitochondria in the presence of taxanes with or without stimulation of the mitochondrial respiratory state. Results showed that they rapidly induced the loss of deltapsim after stimulation of the respiratory state. To evaluate the binding of [14C]paclitaxel to isolated mitochondria, mitochondrial proteins were precipitated yielding 18.6 +/- 2.1 cpm/microg of protein. After stimulation of the respiratory state, binding of [14C]paclitaxel increased up to 163.2 +/- 46.7 cpm/microg of protein. CPM values after Bcl-2 immunoprecipitation was 62.8-fold higher than those of the control antibody, thereby indicating the involvement of Bcl-2 in paclitaxel binding. Then, we established a panel of A2780 cell lines resistant to increasing doses of paclitaxel alone or to high doses of paclitaxel/cyclosporin A (A2780 TC cells). In both cases, Bcl-2 expression was consistently down-regulated, whereas levels of other members of the Bcl-2 family, such as Bax and Bcl-x, did not change in paclitaxel-resistant cell lines. When A2780TC cells were stably transfected with a Bcl-2 construct, paclitaxel sensitivity was partially restored, thereby supporting a direct role of Bcl-2 down-regulation in the maintenance of drug-resistance. Finally, we examined Bcl-2 by immunohistochemistry in a small subset of ovarian cancer paclitaxel-resistant patients and we noticed that the protein is down-regulated in this clinical setting with respect to the expression levels found in drug-sensitive tumors. These findings demonstrate that Bcl-2 is an additional intracellular target of taxanes and that its down-regulation is involved in taxane resistance.
|
['Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic', 'Blotting, Western', 'Down-Regulation', 'Drug Resistance, Neoplasm', 'Humans', 'Mitochondria', 'Paclitaxel', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2', 'Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Tumor Cells, Cultured']
| 12,815,160
|
[['D27.505.954.248.179'], ['E05.196.401.143', 'E05.301.300.096', 'E05.478.566.320.200', 'E05.601.262', 'E05.601.470.320.200'], ['G02.111.240', 'G05.308.200', 'G07.690.773.937'], ['G07.690.773.984.395'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.564', 'A11.284.835.626'], ['D02.455.426.392.368.242.888.777', 'D02.455.849.291.850.777'], ['D12.644.360.075.718', 'D12.776.476.075.718', 'D12.776.624.664.700.169'], ['E05.393.620.500.725'], ['A11.251.860']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Effect of TGF-â1 on Apoptosis of Colon Cancer Cells Via the ERK Signaling Pathway.
|
PURPOSE: To study the effect of transforming growth factor (TGF)-â1 on apoptosis of colon cancer cells via the ERK signaling pathway.METHODS: Human chemosensitive colon cancer cell line HT- 29 was used in this study. VEGF mRNA and protein level were detected using PCR and western blot. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used for prostaglandin (PG) detection. Cell proliferation was determined via MTT assay.RESULTS: TGF-â1 had a significant effect on blocking the cancer cell growth (p<0.05). TGF-â1 significantly reduced the VEGF mRNA level (p<0.05) and eliminated the COX-2 expression in a dose-dependent manner, while p53 expression was increased (p<0.05). TGF-â1-induced inhibitory effect on COX-2 was significantly eliminated by the ERK inhibitor Compound C (p<0.05). The basal PGE2 production was eliminated in cells treated with TGF-â1 (p<0.05). N-acetylcysteine (NAC) treatment almost completely eliminated the reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by TGF-â1 and ERK activation. Compared with administration of 5-FU or etoposide alone, TGF-Â1 combined with 5-FU or etoposide significantly administration the viability of colon cancer HT-29 cells.CONCLUSION: ERK is a newly-identified cancer target molecule, which can significantly control COX-2 in colon cancer cells treated with TGF-â1.
|
['Apoptosis', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Colon', 'Colonic Neoplasms', 'Cyclooxygenase 2', 'Etoposide', 'Fluorouracil', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic', 'HT29 Cells', 'Humans', 'MAP Kinase Signaling System', 'Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1', 'Reactive Oxygen Species', 'Transforming Growth Factor beta1']
| 31,127,990
|
[['G04.146.954.035'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['A03.556.124.526.356', 'A03.556.249.249.356'], ['C04.588.274.476.411.307.180', 'C06.301.371.411.307.180', 'C06.405.249.411.307.180', 'C06.405.469.158.356.180', 'C06.405.469.491.307.180'], ['D08.811.600.720.750'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.638.960.675.250', 'D04.615.638.960.675.250', 'D09.408.348.275'], ['D03.383.742.698.875.404'], ['G05.308.370'], ['A11.251.210.190.475', 'A11.251.860.180.475', 'A11.436.365'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G02.111.820.560', 'G03.493.560', 'G04.835.560'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.567.249.500', 'D12.644.360.450.169.500', 'D12.776.476.450.169.500'], ['D01.339.431', 'D01.650.775'], ['D12.644.276.374.687.100', 'D12.644.276.954.775.100', 'D12.776.467.374.687.100', 'D12.776.467.942.775.100', 'D23.529.374.687.100', 'D23.529.942.775.100']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Vascular tumors and malformations in children, Introduction.
|
Over the past decade, I have been amazed at the growth in the field of vascular anomalies. The recognition of vascular birthmarks as a defined area of medicine is a relatively recent event. The International Society for the Study of Vascular Anomalies (ISSVA) was founded by Drs John Mulliken and Anthony Young in the late 1970s. Mulliken and Glowacki's sentinel 1982 paper on the biologic classification of vascular anomalies further established the field, by providing clarity of nomenclature and unifying concepts that had previously been lacking.
|
['Arteriovenous Malformations', 'Child', 'Hemangioma', 'Humans', 'Terminology as Topic', 'Vascular Malformations', 'Vascular Neoplasms']
| 27,607,317
|
[['C14.240.850.750', 'C14.907.150', 'C16.131.240.850.750'], ['M01.060.406'], ['C04.557.645.375'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.559.598.400'], ['C14.240.850', 'C16.131.240.850'], ['C04.588.839.750', 'C14.907.936']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Behavior of Listeria monocytogenes during processing and storage of experimentally contaminated hot-smoked trout.
|
Hot-smoked fish like smoked trout is quite frequently contaminated with Listeria monocytogenes. In order to estimate the potential health hazard for the consumer eating such products, the behavior of L. monocytogenes was studied during processing and storage of artificially-inoculated hot-smoked trout. Four trials were performed; in trials 1 and 3 a wild-type strain was used, while in trials 2 and 4 a serological reference strain, SLCC 2755, was used. In the first two trials, raw trout was surface inoculated with L. monocytogenes, marinated, hot-smoked (core temperature 65 degrees C during 20 min), and stored at 4 and 8-10 degrees C, respectively, for up to 20 days. At different times during processing and storage, samples were taken and, by means of a MPN-method, quantitatively analysed for L. monocytogenes. The initial Listeria levels in the trout were 10(6) MPN/g. Until smoking, the concentrations remained about the same. After the hot-smoking process and during storage, however, L. monocytogenes could no longer be detected. In trials 3 and 4, the trout were inoculated after hot-smoking at a final concentration of 4.5 x 10(1) MPN/g and 3.1 x 10(1) MPN/g, respectively. During storage at 4 degrees C, neither an increase nor a decrease of L. monocytogenes was observed. At 8-10 degrees C, however, a significant increase up to 10(7) MPN/g occurred. By hot-smoking, low level contaminations of raw fish with L. monocytogenes will easily be eliminated. Nevertheless, it is of great importance to prevent postprocessing contamination, because during storage at refrigeration temperatures growth of L. monocytogenes is possible.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
|
['Animals', 'Food Handling', 'Food Microbiology', 'Food Preservation', 'Humans', 'Listeria monocytogenes', 'Meat', 'Risk Factors', 'Smoke', 'Trout']
| 1,419,540
|
[['B01.050'], ['J01.576.423.200'], ['H01.158.273.540.274.332', 'J01.576.423.850.730.500.249.300', 'N06.850.425.200', 'N06.850.460.400.300', 'N06.850.601.500.249.300'], ['J01.576.423.850.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['B03.353.500.500.500', 'B03.510.100.500.500', 'B03.510.460.400.410.485.500'], ['G07.203.300.600', 'J02.500.600'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['D20.633.937'], ['B01.050.150.900.493.817.750.825']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
[Immunomodulatory effects of vitamin D3 and bisphosphonates in nutritional osteoporosis in rats].
|
The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of separate and combined administration of vitamin D3 and different forms of bisphosphonate (disodium salt of methylenbisphosphonic acid dihydrate and alendronate) on the function of immune cells in rats with nutritional osteoporosis. It was shown that D-hypovitaminosis leads to reduced 25OHD3, which is a biomarker for vitamin D3 and disturbances of metabolic processes in bone tissue that correlated with osteoporosis manifestation. Immunologic disorders related to nutritional osteoporosis were accompanied by the decrease in phagocytic activity of granulocytes and impaired ability to produce bactericidal oxidants. Inhibition of B-cell immunity also occurred in patholgy. Thus, the present study revealed more pronounced immunomodulatory effects of vitamin D3 on phagocytic immunity, whereas bisphosphonates were effective in improving the humoral immune protection.
|
['Animals', 'B-Lymphocytes', 'Bone Density Conservation Agents', 'Bone and Bones', 'Calcifediol', 'Calcium', 'Cholecalciferol', 'Diphosphonates', 'Drug Combinations', 'Flow Cytometry', 'Granulocytes', 'Immunity, Humoral', 'Immunoglobulins', 'Immunomodulation', 'Male', 'Monocytes', 'Osteoporosis', 'Phagocytosis', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar']
| 22,642,124
|
[['B01.050'], ['A11.063.438', 'A11.118.637.555.567.562', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.562', 'A15.382.032.438', 'A15.382.490.555.567.562'], ['D27.505.696.242'], ['A02.835.232', 'A10.165.265'], ['D04.210.500.247.222.159.478.250', 'D04.210.500.247.808.146.478.250', 'D04.210.500.812.768.196.478.250', 'D10.570.938.146.478.250'], ['D01.268.552.100', 'D01.552.539.288', 'D23.119.100'], ['D04.210.500.247.222.159', 'D04.210.500.247.808.146', 'D04.210.500.812.768.196', 'D10.570.938.146'], ['D02.705.429.500'], ['D26.310'], ['E01.370.225.500.363.342', 'E01.370.225.500.386.350', 'E05.196.712.516.600.240.350', 'E05.200.500.363.342', 'E05.200.500.386.350', 'E05.242.363.342', 'E05.242.386.350'], ['A11.118.637.415', 'A11.148.350', 'A11.627.340', 'A15.145.229.637.415', 'A15.378.316.340', 'A15.382.490.315'], ['G12.450.050.420'], ['D12.776.124.486.485', 'D12.776.124.790.651', 'D12.776.377.715.548'], ['E02.095.465', 'G12.535'], ['A11.118.637.555.652', 'A11.148.580', 'A11.627.624', 'A11.733.547', 'A15.145.229.637.555.652', 'A15.378.316.580', 'A15.382.490.555.652', 'A15.382.670.547', 'A15.382.680.547'], ['C05.116.198.579', 'C18.452.104.579'], ['G04.417.350', 'G09.188.665', 'G12.450.564.809', 'G12.688'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The humoral immune responses of patients bitten by the snake Bothrops jararaca (jararaca).
|
The isotype and specificity of antibodies produced by patients bitten by B. jararaca and submitted to serum therapy were studied. The IgG anti-B. jararaca antibodies have large individual dispersion, starting to appear 10 days after the first bite and increasing to at least 80 days after the bite. IgM antibodies appeared sooner than IgG antibodies but disappeared about 20 days after the bite. Secondary responses induced by an additional bite were characterized by a fast and higher IgG antibody response with no apparent change in the IgM antibody. The immunoblotting tests showed that the specificity of human anti-B. jararaca antibodies is heterogeneous, each patient recognizing different fractions in the B. jararaca venom.
|
['Crotalid Venoms', 'Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay', 'Humans', 'Immunoblotting', 'Immunoglobulin G', 'Immunoglobulin M', 'Snake Bites']
| 2,402,767
|
[['D20.888.850.960.200', 'D23.946.833.850.960.200'], ['E05.478.566.350.170', 'E05.478.566.380.360', 'E05.478.583.400.170', 'E05.601.470.350.170', 'E05.601.470.380.360'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.478.566.320', 'E05.601.470.320'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.619.393', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.619.393', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.619.393'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.619.574', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.619.574', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.619.574'], ['C25.723.127.442', 'C26.176.724']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Very clever homunculus: compound stimulus strategies for the explicit task-cuing procedure.
|
In two experiments, subjects were given arbitrary letter cues or meaningful word cues that specified the task to be performed on a subsequent target stimulus. Letter and word cues were presented in separate blocks. There were two cues of each type for each task. Three kinds of transitions separated tasks: cue repetitions, in which both the cue and the task repeated; task repetitions, in which the cue changed but the task repeated; and task alternations, in which both the cue and the task changed. Responses were faster for cue than for task repetitions for both cue types. With word cues, task repetitions were not reliably faster than task alternations. With letter cues, task repetitions were reliably faster than task alternations in the first block but not in the second block. The results suggest that subjects responded to the compound of the cue and the target rather than switching task set between trials.
|
['Cognition', 'Cues', 'Fixation, Ocular', 'Humans', 'Models, Psychological', 'Reaction Time']
| 15,732,691
|
[['F02.463.188'], ['F02.463.425.234'], ['G14.350.253'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.599.695'], ['E05.796.817', 'F02.830.650', 'F04.669.817', 'G11.561.677']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
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