Title
stringlengths 1
395
⌀ | abstractText
stringlengths 57
5.98k
| meshMajor
stringlengths 14
1.03k
| pmid
int64 22
33.2M
| meshid
stringlengths 2
3.14k
| meshroot
stringlengths 2
421
| A
int64 0
1
| B
int64 0
1
| C
int64 0
1
| D
int64 0
1
| E
int64 0
1
| F
int64 0
1
| G
int64 0
1
| H
int64 0
1
| I
int64 0
1
| J
int64 0
1
| L
int64 0
1
| M
int64 0
1
| N
int64 0
1
| Z
int64 0
1
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A biotin interference assay highlights two different asymmetric interaction profiles for lambda integrase arm-type binding sites in integrative versus excisive recombination.
|
The site-specific recombinase integrase encoded by bacteriophage lambda promotes integration and excision of the viral chromosome into and out of its Escherichia coli host chromosome through a Holliday junction recombination intermediate. This intermediate contains an integrase tetramer bound via its catalytic carboxyl-terminal domains to the four "core-type" sites of the Holliday junction DNA and via its amino-terminal domains to distal "arm-type" sites. The two classes of integrase binding sites are brought into close proximity by an ensemble of accessory proteins that bind and bend the intervening DNA. We have used a biotin interference assay that probes the requirement for major groove protein binding at specified DNA loci in conjunction with DNA protection, gel mobility shift, and genetic experiments to test several predictions of the models derived from the x-ray crystal structures of minimized and symmetrized surrogates of recombination intermediates lacking the accessory proteins and their cognate DNA targets. Our data do not support the predictions of "non-canonical" DNA targets for the N-domain of integrase, and they indicate that the complexes used for x-ray crystallography are more appropriate for modeling excisive rather than integrative recombination intermediates. We suggest that the difference in the asymmetric interaction profiles of the N-domains and arm-type sites in integrative versus excisive recombinogenic complexes reflects the regulation of recombination, whereas the asymmetry of these patterns within each reaction contributes to directionality.
|
['Attachment Sites, Microbiological', 'Bacteriophage lambda', 'Binding Sites', 'Biological Assay', 'Biotin', 'DNA Nucleotidyltransferases', 'DNA, Cruciform', 'Integrases', 'Models, Biological', 'Nucleic Acid Conformation', 'Protein Binding', 'Protein Structure, Tertiary', 'Recombination, Genetic', 'Sequence Deletion']
| 18,319,248
|
[['G05.360.340.024.079'], ['B04.123.150.800.230', 'B04.123.205.230', 'B04.280.090.800.230'], ['G02.111.570.120'], ['E05.091'], ['D03.383.129.308.080', 'D08.211.096'], ['D08.811.913.696.445.308'], ['D13.444.308.295', 'G02.111.570.820.486.325', 'G05.360.580.325'], ['D08.811.739.500'], ['E05.599.395'], ['G02.111.570.820.486', 'G05.360.580'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808'], ['G02.111.570.820.709.610'], ['G05.728'], ['G05.365.590.762', 'G05.558.800']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Stage III ovarian tumors of low malignant potential treated with cisplatin combination therapy (a Gynecologic Oncology Group study).
|
By serendipity we have had the opportunity to evaluate cis-platin-based chemotherapy in ovarian tumors of low malignant potential (LMP). Optimal (less than 1 cm residual disease) FIGO stage III ovarian carcinomas were randomly assigned to treatment with cisplatin plus cyclophosphamide with or without doxorubicin on a prospective Gynecologic Oncology Group Study. On review by the Gynecologic Oncology Group Pathology Committee, 32 of these cases were determined to represent low malignant potential tumors. Mean age of patients with these lesions was 48 years (range, 25-75 years). After initial cytoreduction, 19 patients had residual disease less than 1 cm and 13 had no residual. Twenty (62.5%) received cisplatin plus cyclophosphamide and 12 cisplatin, cyclophosphamide, and doxorubicin chemotherapy; 75% of patients received six or more courses. Second-look surgery was done in 15 cases; only six were negative. However, with a median follow-up of 31.7 months (range, 1-75), only 1 patient has died; no cancer was found at autopsy. The remaining patients are alive without clinical evidence of disease at a median of 30 months. The need for adjunctive therapy in patients with advanced LMP tumors remains speculative.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Cisplatin', 'Cyclophosphamide', 'Doxorubicin', 'Drug Therapy, Combination', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasm Staging', 'Ovarian Neoplasms', 'Prospective Studies']
| 1,869,100
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D01.210.375', 'D01.625.125', 'D01.710.100'], ['D02.455.526.728.650.730.243', 'D02.705.672.500.243'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.562.050.200.175', 'D04.615.562.050.200.175', 'D09.408.051.059.200.175'], ['E02.319.310'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.789.625'], ['C04.588.322.455', 'C13.351.500.056.630.705', 'C13.351.937.418.685', 'C19.344.410', 'C19.391.630.705'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Characterization of the early and late stages of myelomonocytic leukemia induced by Friend helper-independent virus F-MuLV: isolation and induction of Friend myelomonocytic leukemic cell lines.
|
With the use of cloned helper-independent Friend leukemia virus (F-MuLV), we have induced a high incidence (approximately 70%) of myelomonocytic leukemia in mice resistant (Fv-6rr or Fv-6rs) to erythroleukemia induction by this virus. The spleen cells from these mice (DBA/2 or BALB/c X DBA/2) were found to contain a high level of progenitor cells capable of forming granulocytic and macrophage colonies (CFU-GM). These CFU-GM, however, were different from those in the spleens of uninfected mice, as they were either very sensitive to or independent of conditioned medium. No erythroid progenitor bursts (BFU-E) or precursor (CFU-E) cells were detected in the spleens of these diseased animals. If these mice with myelomonocytic leukemia were kept alive by transfusion of red blood cells from uninfected mice, tumorigenic cell lines, capable of being transplanted, into adult mice can be isolated. Three such cell lines TTA-1, TTA-3, and TTA-9 have been established, and they retain their morphology of monocytes and macrophages as well as being positive for the monocyte-specific stain alpha-naphthyl-acetate esterase. These myelomonocytic leukemia cell lines can also be induced in culture by spleen cell-conditioned medium to differentiate into macrophages. Other conditioned media such as L-cell-conditioned medium, phytohemagglutinin-stimulated leukocyte-conditioned medium, and WEHI-3 conditioned medium were less effective in their abilities to stimulate differentiation in these myelomonocytic leukemia cell lines.
|
['Animals', 'Cell Line', 'Colony-Forming Units Assay', 'Culture Media', 'Female', 'Friend murine leukemia virus', 'Hematopoiesis', 'Hematopoietic Stem Cells', 'Leukemia, Myeloid', 'Macrophages', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred BALB C', 'Mice, Inbred DBA', 'Monocytes', 'Phytohemagglutinins', 'Spleen']
| 6,581,171
|
[['B01.050'], ['A11.251.210'], ['E01.370.225.500.383', 'E05.200.500.383', 'E05.242.383'], ['D27.720.470.305', 'E07.206'], ['B04.613.807.375.525.225', 'B04.820.650.375.525.225'], ['G04.152.825', 'G09.188.343'], ['A11.148.378', 'A11.872.378', 'A15.378.316.378'], ['C04.557.337.539'], ['A11.329.372', 'A11.627.482', 'A11.733.397', 'A15.382.670.522', 'A15.382.680.397'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.338', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.338'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.500'], ['A11.118.637.555.652', 'A11.148.580', 'A11.627.624', 'A11.733.547', 'A15.145.229.637.555.652', 'A15.378.316.580', 'A15.382.490.555.652', 'A15.382.670.547', 'A15.382.680.547'], ['D12.776.395.560.825', 'D12.776.503.499.750', 'D12.776.765.678.750'], ['A10.549.700', 'A15.382.520.604.700']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Substitutions at the P2' site of gag p17-p24 affect cleavage efficiency by HIV-1 protease.
|
Heptapeptide substrates containing a single amino acid substitution at the p2' position of the gag p17-p24 junction (S-Q-N-Y-P-X-V where X = G, A, L, I, F, and W) were compared as substrates for HIV-1 protease. Binding of the Ile-, Leu-, and Ala- containing peptides was about equal although hydrolysis was 20-fold lower for the Ala and Leu peptides compared to Ile. Insertion of Gly or Phe at the p2' position resulted in significantly lower cleavage of the peptide while a Trp-containing peptide was not cleaved. These data suggest that a relatively small hydrophobic amino acid is important for hydrolysis and binding at this site. Structure-activity studies such as those described here may be useful in the design of specific inhibitors for HIV-1 protease.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Endopeptidases', 'Escherichia coli', 'Gene Products, gag', 'Gene Products, pol', 'HIV Protease', 'HIV-1', 'Kinetics', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Oligopeptides', 'Protein Processing, Post-Translational', 'Recombinant Proteins', 'Substrate Specificity']
| 2,182,016
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['D08.811.277.656.300'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['D12.776.775.330', 'D12.776.964.775.350', 'D12.776.964.970.600.850.350'], ['D12.776.775.360', 'D12.776.964.775.375', 'D12.776.964.900.750.500', 'D12.776.964.970.600.850.375'], ['D08.811.277.656.074.500.340', 'D08.811.277.656.300.048.340', 'D08.811.277.656.979.500', 'D12.776.964.775.375.545.750', 'D12.776.964.900.500.625'], ['B04.820.650.589.650.350.400'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['D12.644.456'], ['G02.111.660.871.790.600', 'G02.111.691.600', 'G03.734.871.790.600', 'G05.308.670.600'], ['D12.776.828'], ['G02.111.835']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Prenatal diagnosis for Tay-Sachs disease using chorionic villus sampling.
|
Prenatal diagnosis for Tay-Sachs disease was performed on 25 patients using chorionic villus sampling (CVS). Nineteen were diagnosed as normal, and six were affected. Normal villus extracts had both hexosaminidase (hex) A and B activity, as determined by Cellogel and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, while extracts from affected fetuses had only hex B activity. Compared to cultured amniotic fluid cells or fibroblasts, villi contained less hex A. Hex A levels in fresh villi and cultured trophoblasts were roughly comparable.
|
['Amniotic Fluid', 'Biopsy', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Chorionic Villi', 'Electrophoresis', 'Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel', 'Female', 'Hexosaminidase A', 'Hexosaminidase B', 'Hexosaminidases', 'Humans', 'Pregnancy', 'Prenatal Diagnosis', 'Tay-Sachs Disease', 'Trophoblasts', 'beta-N-Acetylhexosaminidases']
| 2,933,645
|
[['A12.098', 'A16.378.149'], ['E01.370.225.500.384.100', 'E01.370.225.998.054', 'E01.370.388.100', 'E04.074', 'E05.200.500.384.100', 'E05.200.998.054', 'E05.242.384.100'], ['A11.251'], ['A10.615.284.473.200', 'A16.254.750.473.200', 'A16.710.189'], ['E05.196.401', 'E05.301.300'], ['E05.196.401.402', 'E05.301.300.319'], ['D08.811.277.450.483.180.750'], ['D08.811.277.450.483.180.875'], ['D08.811.277.450.483'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['E01.370.378.630'], ['C10.228.140.163.100.435.825.300.300.500', 'C16.320.565.189.435.825.300.300.500', 'C16.320.565.398.641.803.350.300.850', 'C16.320.565.595.554.825.300.300.840', 'C18.452.132.100.435.825.300.300.500', 'C18.452.584.687.803.350.300.850', 'C18.452.648.189.435.825.300.300.500', 'C18.452.648.398.641.803.350.300.850', 'C18.452.648.595.554.825.300.300.840'], ['A11.382.992', 'A16.254.500.766', 'A16.710.802'], ['D08.811.277.450.483.180']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Effects of spatial food distribution on search behavior in rats (Rattus norvegicus).
|
To analyze how search strategies are adapted according to the geometric distribution of food sources, the authors submitted rats to a search task in which they had to explore 9 food trays in an open field and avoid visiting already-depleted trays. Trays were spatially arranged in 4 independent configurations: a cross, a 3 x 3 matrix, 3 clusters of 3 trays each, and a random configuration. Rats exhibited differential search efficiency as a specific effect of the susceptibility of the configurations to being explored in a principled way: crosses were first, matrices or clusters were in the middle, and random configurations were last. Although no exhaustive searches or highly principled patterns were observed in any of the configurations, performances improved as the sessions went by. Thus, structural affordances of the environment influence the construction not only of search strategies but also of information linked to where the reward is.
|
['Animals', 'Appetitive Behavior', 'Cognition', 'Exploratory Behavior', 'Feeding Behavior', 'Learning', 'Male', 'Rats', 'Space Perception']
| 17,696,655
|
[['B01.050'], ['F01.145.113.111'], ['F02.463.188'], ['F01.145.387', 'F01.658.370'], ['F01.145.113.547', 'F01.145.407', 'G07.203.650.353'], ['F02.463.425', 'F02.784.629.529'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['F02.463.593.778']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Pri-miR-34b/c rs4938723 TC heterozygote is associated with increased cancer risks: evidence from published data.
|
The promoter region of the microRNA pri-miR-34b/c has a potentially functional polymorphism, rs4938723, located in a typical CpG island. Studies of the association between pri-miR-34b/c rs4938723 polymorphism and risks of various cancers have had inconsistent results. We therefore conducted a meta-analysis of nine studies that included 6,036 cancer patients and 7,490 controls to address this association. Overall, this meta-analysis showed the pri-miR-34b/c rs4938723 TC heterozygote to be significantly associated with increased risk of overall cancers compared with the wild-type TT genotype (P = 0.010, odds ratio (OR) = 1.10, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.02-1.18). In stratified analysis, the TC heterozygote was significantly associated with increased cancers risks in digestive tract cancers, in hepatocellular cancer, in Asian population and in the large-sample subgroup. The CC genotypes of rs4938723 were also associated with increased hepatocellular cancer risk but associated with decreased colorectal cancer risk in the stratification analysis by a single cancer type. Thus our meta-analysis suggests that the pri-miR-34b/c rs4938723 TC heterozygote contributes to increased overall cancer risks, as well as shown in digestive tract cancers, in hepatocellular cancer, in Asian population and in the large-sample subgroup. This rs4938723 SNP showed an opposite tendency orientation between the hepatocellular cancer and colorectal cancer risks. Large-sample studies are needed to verify our findings.
|
['Alleles', 'Genetic Predisposition to Disease', 'Heterozygote', 'Humans', 'MicroRNAs', 'Odds Ratio', 'Publication Bias', 'Risk']
| 25,201,061
|
[['G05.360.340.024.340.030'], ['C23.550.291.687.500', 'G05.380.355'], ['G05.380.383'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D13.150.650.319', 'D13.444.735.150.319', 'D13.444.735.790.552.500'], ['E05.318.740.600.600', 'G17.680.500', 'N05.715.360.750.625.590', 'N06.850.520.830.600.600'], ['L01.737.813'], ['E05.318.740.600.800', 'G17.680.750', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Evaluation of the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction/probe test of serum samples and immunohistochemistry of skin sections for detection of acute bovine viral diarrhea infections.
|
Bovine viral diarrhea viruses (BVDV) cause both acute and persistent infections. While diagnostic tests have been designed to detect animals persistently infected (PI) with BVDV, the reliability of these tests in detecting acute BVDV infections is not known. It is also possible that acute BVDV infections may be confused with persistent infections in surveys for PI animals. In this study, 2 tests presently in use in diagnostic laboratories to test for PI animals, polymerase chain reaction amplification followed by probe hybridization (RT-PCR/probe) of serum samples and immunohistochemical detection of viral antigen in skin biopsies (IHC), were evaluated for their ability to detect acute BVDV infections. Sixteen colostrum-deprived, BVDV-free, and BVDV-antibody-free calves were infected with 6 different BVDV strains. Clinical signs, seroconversion, and virus isolation indicated that inoculated animals did replicate virus. Virus could be detected in 19% (3/16) of acutely infected animals by the RT-PCR/probe technique. No acutely infected animals were positive by IHC.
|
['Acute Disease', 'Animals', 'Biopsy', 'Bovine Virus Diarrhea-Mucosal Disease', 'Cattle', 'DNA Primers', 'DNA, Viral', 'Diagnosis, Differential', 'Diarrhea Virus 1, Bovine Viral', 'Diarrhea Virus 2, Bovine Viral', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Skin']
| 12,152,809
|
[['C23.550.291.125'], ['B01.050'], ['E01.370.225.500.384.100', 'E01.370.225.998.054', 'E01.370.388.100', 'E04.074', 'E05.200.500.384.100', 'E05.200.998.054', 'E05.242.384.100'], ['C01.925.782.350.675.106', 'C22.196.106'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['D13.695.578.424.450.275', 'D27.720.470.530.600.223.600'], ['D13.444.308.568'], ['E01.171'], ['B04.820.578.344.700.150.100'], ['B04.820.578.344.700.150.120'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['E05.393.620.500.725'], ['A17.815']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Case volume does not correlate with outcome after cerebral aneurysm clipping: a nationwide study in Japan.
|
The present study analyzed the impact of case volume on outcome after cerebral aneurysm clipping at all 382 core neurosurgical training centers certified by the Japan Neurosurgical Society. A survey requested information on all clipping surgeries for cerebral aneurysms performed during 2003. Among these centers, 369 (96.6%) responded to our request and data satisfactory for analysis were obtained for 11,974 patients. Clinical condition was graded on admission according to the classification of the World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies. Outcomes were evaluated at discharge using the modified Rankin scale. Case volume at centers was divided into three groups based on the number of clippings (<30, 30-50, >or=50) performed in 2003. Totals of 7,578 (63.3%) and 4,396 (36.7%) patients underwent clipping for ruptured and unruptured aneurysms, respectively. The mortality rate was 9.6% for patients with ruptured aneurysms, and 0.2% for patients with unruptured aneurysms. No significant correlation was detected between case volume and outcome for either ruptured (Spearman's correlation coefficient = 0.034, p = 0.483) or unruptured aneurysms (Spearman's correlation coefficient = 0.029, p = 0.562). Furthermore, no relationships between case volume and outcome were identified for ruptured aneurysms in each neurological grade or unruptured aneurysms (Kruskal-Wallis test).
|
['Hospitals', 'Humans', 'Intracranial Aneurysm', 'Japan', 'Neurosurgical Procedures', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 17,384,490
|
[['N02.278.421'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C10.228.140.300.510.600', 'C14.907.055.635', 'C14.907.253.560.300'], ['Z01.252.474.463', 'Z01.639.595'], ['E04.525'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
[Deep venous thromboses of the leg. Clinical and therapeutic aspects].
|
Pulmonary embolism and post-phlebitic syndromes are the most serious risks run by the patient suffering from deep venous thrombosis in the lower limbs. The prognostic of phlebitis depends on how quickly the diagnosis is made, and on the quality of treatment. There is no constant functional or physical symptom. Diagnosis must therfore be readily referable and, if necessary, should be confirmed by paraclinical examinations. Current treatment makes particular use of heparine and haemodilution, always associated with walking and elasto-adhesive compression. Early institution of treatment means that the development of complications can be avoided and gives the patient the best chances of a cure without sequels.
|
['Aged', 'Anticoagulants', 'Hemodilution', 'Humans', 'Middle Aged', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Prognosis', 'Pulmonary Embolism', 'Rheology', 'Thrombophlebitis', 'Ultrasonography']
| 7,111,428
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['D27.505.954.502.119'], ['E02.514'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C23.550.767'], ['E01.789'], ['C08.381.746', 'C14.907.355.350.700'], ['E05.830', 'H01.671.808'], ['C14.907.355.830.925.770', 'C14.907.617.718.788', 'C14.907.940.740.910'], ['E01.370.350.850']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Human immune response to an iron-repressible outer membrane protein of Bacteroides fragilis.
|
Under conditions of iron starvation, Bacteroides fragilis expresses various iron-repressible outer membrane proteins (IROMPs). A 44-kDa protein appears to be one of the major outer membrane proteins (OMPs) in B. fragilis under iron stress and plays a role in heme uptake by this bacterium. To determine whether the 44-kDa IROMP of B. fragilis is expressed in vivo and whether this protein is immunogenic, we used Western immunoblotting to examine serum samples from patients with an infection caused by Bacteroides species. All the serum samples from patients and from normal controls showed reactivity with several proteins of B. fragilis. Only serum samples from patients infected with B. fragilis showed immunoreactivity with the 44-kDa protein. We also used a rat infection model to study the immune response against this protein during the process of an intra-abdominal infection in these animals. During the first 8 days of infection a gradual increase of antibodies to the 44-kDa protein in the rat was detected. These results suggest that the 44-kDa IROMP is expressed in vivo, since it induces an antibody response in patients and animals. We also analyzed 85 strains of the B. fragilis group for the presence of proteins antigenically related to the B. fragilis 44-kDa protein. The data indicate that this protein was conserved in B. fragilis strains and was absent in the other bacterial strains tested.
|
['Animals', 'Antibodies, Bacterial', 'Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins', 'Bacteroides Infections', 'Bacteroides fragilis', 'Blotting, Western', 'Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel', 'Humans', 'Immunoblotting', 'Iron', 'Molecular Weight', 'Rats']
| 1,879,923
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.107', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.125', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.125'], ['D12.776.097.120', 'D12.776.543.100'], ['C01.150.252.400.110.109'], ['B03.440.080.094.152.400', 'B03.440.425.410.194.152.400'], ['E05.196.401.143', 'E05.301.300.096', 'E05.478.566.320.200', 'E05.601.262', 'E05.601.470.320.200'], ['E05.196.401.402', 'E05.301.300.319'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.478.566.320', 'E05.601.470.320'], ['D01.268.556.412', 'D01.268.956.287', 'D01.552.544.412'], ['G02.494'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Longitudinal analysis of regional grey matter loss in Huntington disease: effects of the length of the expanded CAG repeat.
|
BACKGROUND: The mechanisms guiding the progression of neuronal damage in patients with Huntington disease (HD) are not completely understood. It is unclear whether the genotype--that is, the length of the expanded CAG repeat--guides the location and speed of grey matter decline once HD is clinically manifested. Moreover, the relationship between cortical and subcortical grey matter atrophy and the severity of motor symptoms of HD is controversial.OBJECTIVES: In this article, we longitudinally studied, over the period of 1 year, a cohort of 49 patients with HD. We investigated: first, the clinical relevance of regional progressive grey matter atrophy; and second, the relationship between the ratio of atrophy progression and genotype.METHODS: The length of the expanded CAG repeat was quantified for all patients and the United Huntington's Disease Rating Scale (UHDRS) was used to rate the severity of clinical symptoms. Grey matter atrophy was determined using voxel-based morphometry (VBM) of brain MRI. Progression of atrophy was quantified in 37 patients who were submitted to two different MRI scans, the second scan 1 year later than the first.RESULTS: Overall, patients exhibited progressive atrophy involving the caudate, pallidum, putamen, insula, cingulate cortex, cerebellum, orbitofrontal cortex, medial temporal lobes and middle frontal gyri. Patients with a larger UHDRS score exhibited selective atrophy of the caudate, thalamus, midbrain, insula and frontal lobes. Patients with longer, expanded CAG repeat sequences showed faster rates and more widespread atrophy, particularly those patients with more than 55 expanded CAG repeats.CONCLUSIONS: These results confirm that brain atrophy progresses after the clinical onset of HD and that regional atrophy is related to symptom severity. Moreover, our results also indicate that intensity and rate of progression of brain atrophy are more pronounced in patients with larger, expanded CAG repeat sequences.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Atrophy', 'Brain', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Cohort Studies', 'DNA Repeat Expansion', 'Disease Progression', 'Female', 'Genotype', 'Humans', 'Huntington Disease', 'Image Processing, Computer-Assisted', 'Imaging, Three-Dimensional', 'Longitudinal Studies', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neurologic Examination', 'Statistics as Topic', 'Trinucleotide Repeats']
| 17,615,168
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C23.300.070'], ['A08.186.211'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['G02.111.570.080.708.800.140', 'G05.360.080.708.800.074', 'G05.360.340.024.189.220', 'G05.360.340.024.850.140', 'G05.365.590.220', 'G05.558.220'], ['C23.550.291.656'], ['G05.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C10.228.140.079.545', 'C10.228.140.380.278', 'C10.228.662.262.249.750', 'C10.574.500.497', 'C16.320.400.430', 'F03.615.250.400', 'F03.615.400.390'], ['L01.224.308'], ['E01.370.350.400', 'L01.224.308.410'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.500'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.370.376.550', 'E01.370.600.550'], ['E05.318.740', 'H01.548.832', 'N05.715.360.750', 'N06.850.520.830'], ['G02.111.570.080.708.800.500.850', 'G05.360.080.708.800.500.850', 'G05.360.340.024.850.500.850']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Localization of carcinoembryogenic antigen (CEA) in normal, inflammatory and neoplastic colonic mucosa by immunofluorescence.
|
To evaluate the role of tissutal carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in different types of colonic mucosae specimens from normal, inflammatory and neoplastic tissues were examined in immunofluorescence (IFL) with a monospecific CEA antiserum. Neither the pattern of IFL nor the amount of antigen in the tissue (defined as the antiserum dilution beyond which CEA staining was no longer visible), could reliably distinguish any histological entity a consistent overlap being observed between positive and negative results in malignant and non malignant mucosa. No correlation was found betwen IFL and the level of serum CEA. It is concluded that the tissutal localization of CEA by immunohistochemistry plays no role in the differential diagnosis of different types of colonic mucosa.
|
['Carcinoembryonic Antigen', 'Colitis', 'Colonic Neoplasms', 'Fluorescent Antibody Technique', 'Humans', 'Intestinal Mucosa', 'Intestinal Polyps']
| 326,270
|
[['D12.776.395.550.200.210', 'D12.776.543.550.200.210', 'D23.050.285.329', 'D23.050.301.350.210', 'D23.101.140.300'], ['C06.405.205.265', 'C06.405.469.158.188'], ['C04.588.274.476.411.307.180', 'C06.301.371.411.307.180', 'C06.405.249.411.307.180', 'C06.405.469.158.356.180', 'C06.405.469.491.307.180'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512.240', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512.240', 'E05.200.500.607.512.240', 'E05.200.750.551.512.240', 'E05.478.583.375'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A03.556.124.369', 'A10.615.550.444'], ['C23.300.825.411']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Foam pad of appropriate thickness can improve diagnostic value of foam posturography in detecting postural instability.
|
OBJECTIVE: The present study investigated the effect of foam thickness on postural stability in patients with unilateral vestibular hypofunction (UVH) during foam posturography.METHODS: Static and foam posturography were performed in 33 patients (UVH group) and 30 healthy subjects (control group) with eyes open (EO) and closed (EC) on firm surface and on 1-5 foam pad(s). Sway velocity (SV) of center of pressure, standing time before falling (STBF) and falls reaction were recorded and analyzed.RESULTS: (1) SVs had an increasing tendency in both groups as the foam pads were added under EO and EC conditions. (2) STBFs, only in UVH group with EC, decreased with foam thickness increasing. (3) Significant differences in SV were found between the control and UVH group with EO (except for standing on firm surface, on 1 and 2 foam pad(s)) and with EC (all surface conditions). (4) Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that the SV could better reflect the difference in postural stability between the two groups while standing on the 4 foam pads with EC.CONCLUSION: Our study showed that diagnostic value of foam posturography in detecting postural instability might be enhanced by using foam pad of right thickness.
|
['Adult', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Diagnostic Techniques, Otological', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Posture', 'Vestibular Diseases']
| 29,161,921
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['E01.370.382'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G11.427.695'], ['C09.218.568.900']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Afforestation and deforestation enhanced soil CH4
|
The impact of afforestation and deforestation on the carbon cycle and carbon sequestration in agricultural landscape has been well studied, while the direction and magnitude of the effects on soil CH4 fluxes remain uncertain in particular in the subtropical region. Thus, multi-site and multi-year field experiments were conducted to measure soil CH4 fluxes from an afforestation chronosequence (cropland [wheat-maize rotation], 15-year old forest, 20-year old forest and 30-year forest) and a deforestation chronosequence (secondary forest, grassland, cropland without fertilization and cropland with fertilization [wheat-maize rotation]) in a subtropical agricultural landscape from 2012 to 2017. The soil at all land uses functioned exclusively as a sink for atmospheric CH4 through the whole experimental years. Soil CH4 uptakes showed great seasonal and inter-annual variations along with those of temporal patterns of soil environmental variables. At the afforestation chronosequence, annual CH4 uptake rates averaged 1.37, 1.68, 1.80 and 2.97 kg C ha-1 yr-1 for cropland, 15-year old forest, 20-year old forest and 30-year old forest. Compared to cropland, afforestation increased annual CH4 uptake by 23 to 117%. Soil CH4 uptake decreased with increasing soil content, soil NH4+ content and soil NO3- content but increased with increasing soil DOC content at the afforestation chronosequence (P < 0.05). At the deforestation chronosequence, annual CH4 uptake rates were 1.37, 1.70, 1.77 and 2.01 kg C ha-1 yr-1 for secondary forest, grassland, cropland without fertilization and cropland with fertilization. Compared to secondary forest, deforestation increased annual CH4 uptake by 24 to 47%. Soil CH4 uptakes were negatively correlated with soil water content and positively correlated with soil NO3- content. We conclude that both afforestation and deforestation have the potential to increase the sink capacities of atmospheric CH4 in the subtropical agricultural landscape and consequently provide the negative feedbacks to climate system.
|
['Agriculture', 'Carbon Sequestration', 'China', 'Forestry', 'Methane', 'Seasons', 'Soil']
| 30,690,366
|
[['J01.040'], ['G02.607.125.500', 'G16.500.150.500'], ['Z01.252.474.164'], ['J01.576.430'], ['D02.455.326.146.571'], ['G01.910.645.661', 'G16.500.275.071.590', 'N06.230.300.100.250.525'], ['D20.721', 'G01.311.820', 'G16.500.275.815', 'N06.230.600']]
|
['Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Attempted nonoperative management of blunt renal lacerations extending through the corticomedullary junction: the short-term and long-term sequelae.
|
A total of 50 patients who sustained a renal laceration extending through the corticomedullary junction following blunt trauma underwent an attempt at nonoperative (expectant) management of the urological injury. Of the patients 18% could not be stabilized and they subsequently underwent emergency laparotomy. Among our stabilized patients 2 major categories existed: 1) 30 patients with vascularized renal fragments and 2) 11 in whom a fragment of the kidney was devascularized. A statistically significant difference in the length of hospital stay (p equals 0.01) and the need for delayed surgical intervention (p less than 0.001) was noted between the 2 groups. We recommend that the physician must have a heightened awareness of probable complications in patients with major renal lacerations associated with devitalized fragments and suggest that early surgical management should be considered.
|
['Blood Pressure', 'Humans', 'Kidney', 'Kidney Cortex', 'Kidney Medulla', 'Time Factors', 'Wounds, Nonpenetrating']
| 2,313,792
|
[['E01.370.600.875.249', 'G09.330.380.076'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A05.810.453'], ['A05.810.453.324'], ['A05.810.453.466'], ['G01.910.857'], ['C26.974']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Reflections on a Community Engagement Strategy for Mass Antimalarial Drug Administration in Cambodia.
|
Mass drug administration (MDA) to interrupt malaria transmission requires the participation of entire communities. As part of a clinical trial in western Cambodia, four villages received MDA in 2015-2016. Before approaching study communities, a collaboration was established with the local health authorities, village leaders, and village malaria workers. Formative research guided the development of engagement strategies. In each village, a team of volunteers was formed to explain MDA to their neighbors and provide support during implementation. Public mobilization events featuring drama and music were used to introduce MDA. Villages comprised groups with different levels of understanding and interests; therefore, multiple tailored engagement strategies were required. The main challenges were explaining malaria transmission, managing perceptions of drug side effects, and reaching mobile populations. It was important that local leaders took a central role in community engagement. Coverage during each round of MDA averaged 84%, which met the target for the trial.
|
['Antimalarials', 'Cambodia', 'Community Participation', 'Community-Institutional Relations', 'Humans', 'Malaria', 'Mass Drug Administration', 'Program Development']
| 29,165,227
|
[['D27.505.954.122.250.100.085'], ['Z01.252.145.182'], ['N02.421.143.212', 'N03.540.245.360'], ['N04.452.822.210'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C01.610.752.530', 'C01.920.875'], ['E02.319.162.575', 'N06.850.275.500', 'N06.850.780.200.600'], ['N04.452.760']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Prevalence of depression in Alzheimer's disease and validity of Research Diagnostic Criteria.
|
This study was undertaken to estimate the point-prevalence of Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC) depressive syndromes in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and to evaluate the validity of existing and potential alternative diagnostic criteria for major depression in the presence of probable AD. Twenty-six subjects with probable AD of mild to moderate severity and their caregivers were interviewed to estimate the prevalence of RDC depressive syndromes. For the evaluation of the validity of RDC for major depression, an additional 8 probable-AD subjects with suspected depression were added to the sample. Sensitivity, specificity, and correlation with diagnosis of RDC major depression were calculated for each diagnostic criterion, and existing major depressive criteria were compared to potential alternative criteria currently used for RDC minor depression. Of the subjects in our prevalence sample, 15.4% were found to have major depression; 23.1%, minor depression; and 11.5%, intermittent depression. In our validation sample, two criteria for major depression, self-reproach/guilt and thinking/concentration difficulty, were weakly associated with the final diagnosis of major depression because of poor sensitivity or specificity. In contrast, three possible alternative criteria were significantly associated with the diagnosis of major depression and showed high sensitivity and specificity. These included nonverbal manifestations of depression, irritability/complaining, and demandingness/dependency. We conclude that RDC depressive syndromes are common in probable AD of mild to moderate severity. In the presence of AD, the validity of some existing major depressive criteria may be limited in comparison to several potential alternative criteria because of relatively poor sensitivity and/or specificity.
|
['Adult', 'Age of Onset', 'Aged', 'Alzheimer Disease', 'Comorbidity', 'Depressive Disorder', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Prevalence', 'Psychiatric Status Rating Scales', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Severity of Illness Index']
| 7,826,494
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['N05.715.350.075.100', 'N06.850.490.250.100'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C10.228.140.380.100', 'C10.574.945.249', 'F03.615.400.100'], ['N05.715.350.225', 'N06.850.490.687'], ['F03.600.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['F04.711.513.653'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475.456.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.364.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.364.500']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Effects of olfactory stimuli on arm-reaching duration.
|
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of olfactory stimuli on visually guided reaching. In Experiment 1, participants reached toward and grasped either a small (almond/strawberry) or a large (apple/orange) visual target. Any 1 of 4 odors corresponding to the visual stimuli or odorless air was administered before movement initiation. Within the same block of trials, participants smelled 1) an odor associated with an object of a different size than the target, 2) an odor associated with an object of a size equal to that of the target, or 3) odorless air. Results indicated that reaching duration was longer for trials in which the odor "size" and the visual target did not match than when they matched. In Experiment 2, the same procedures were applied but the "no-odor" trials were administered in a separate block to the "odor" trials. Similar results as for Experiment 1 were found. However, in contrast to Experiment 1, the presence of an odor increased the level of alertness resulting in a shortening of reaching duration. We contend that olfactory stimuli have the capacity to elicit motor plans interfering with those programmed for a movement toward a visual stimulus.
|
['Action Potentials', 'Adult', 'Arm', 'Female', 'Fruit', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Odorants', 'Photic Stimulation', 'Reference Values', 'Smell', 'Stimulation, Chemical']
| 18,344,564
|
[['G04.580.100', 'G07.265.675.100', 'G11.561.570.100'], ['M01.060.116'], ['A01.378.800.075'], ['A18.024.500', 'G07.203.300.562', 'J02.500.562'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G16.500.275.640', 'N06.230.480'], ['E05.723.729'], ['E05.978.810'], ['F02.830.816.643', 'G11.561.790.643'], ['G07.690.773.996']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Lactation and maternal risk of diabetes: Evidence from the Mexican Teachers' Cohort.
|
One postpartum behaviour that may be protective against diabetes is lactation due to its potential role in resetting maternal metabolism after pregnancy. However, the role of lactation in maternal risk of diabetes has not been investigated in Latin American populations, where rates of breastfeeding are suboptimal and diabetes incidence is increasing. Therefore, our aim was to estimate the association between mean duration of lactation per child and maternal incidence of diabetes. We followed 66,573 women from the Mexican Teachers' Cohort free of diabetes at baseline. Incident diabetes was ascertained through triennial questionnaires and lactation history was asked in baseline questionnaire. We used Cox proportional hazards regression models to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) for diabetes by mean duration of lactation per child. We examined the dose-response association between lactation per child and diabetes with restricted cubic splines. We found that 3,168 incident cases of diabetes were diagnosed during 157,510 person years of follow-up. In comparison with women who did not breastfed, women with a mean lactation per child of 3 to <6 months and 6 to <12 months had HRs of 0.81 (95% CI [0.65, 0.99]) and 0.73 (95% CI [0.59, 0.91]), respectively (p for quadratic term 0.004). There was no further decline in risk of diabetes after ?12 months of lactation per child. The dose-response association between lactation and diabetes was linear up to 9 months of lactation. Our findings suggest that lactation is associated with reduced incidence of diabetes, indicating considerable potential for diabetes prevention on a population level.
|
['Adult', 'Breast Feeding', 'Cohort Studies', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Lactation', 'Maternal Health', 'Mexico', 'Middle Aged', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Time Factors']
| 31,343,828
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['F01.145.407.199', 'G07.203.650.195', 'G07.203.650.220.500.500', 'G07.203.650.353.199'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['C18.452.394.750.149', 'C19.246.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G08.686.523', 'G08.686.702.500'], ['N01.400.900.500'], ['Z01.107.567.589'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Subconjunctival injection of XG-102, a c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitor peptide, in the treatment of endotoxin-induced uveitis in rats.
|
PURPOSE: XG-102, a TAT-coupled dextrogyre peptide inhibiting the c-Jun N-terminal kinase, was shown efficient in the treatment of experimental uveitis. Preclinical studies are now performed to determine optimal XG-102 dose and route of administration in endotoxin-induced uveitis (EIU) in rats with the purpose of clinical study design.METHODS: EIU was induced in Lewis rats by lipopolysaccharides (LPS) injection. XG-102 was administered at the time of LPS challenge by intravenous (IV; 3.2, 35 or 355 ìg/injection), intravitreal (IVT; 0.08, 0.2 or 2.2 ìg/eye), or subconjunctival (SCJ; 0.2, 1.8 or 22 ìg/eye) routes. Controls received either the vehicle (saline) or dexamethasone phosphate injections. Efficacy was assessed by clinical scoring, infiltrating cells count, and expression of inflammatory mediators [inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant-1 (CINC-1)]. The effect of XG-102 on phosphorylation of c-Jun was evaluated by Western blot.RESULTS: XG-102 demonstrated a dose-dependent anti-inflammatory effect in EIU after IV and SCJ administrations. Respective doses of 35 and 1.8 ìg were efficient as compared with the vehicle-injected controls, but only the highest doses, respectively 355 and 22 ìg, were as efficient as dexamethasone phosphate. After IVT injections, the anti-inflammatory effect of XG-102 was clinically evaluated similar to the corticoid's effect with all the tested doses. Regardless of the administration route, the lowest efficient doses of XG-102 significantly decreased the ration of phospho c-Jun/total c-Jun, reduced cells infiltration in the treated eyes, and significantly downregulated iNOS and CINC-1 expression in the retina.CONCLUSION: These results confirm that XG-102 peptide has potential for treating intraocular inflammation. SCJ injection appears as a good compromise to provide a therapeutic effect while limiting side effects.
|
['Animals', 'Anti-Inflammatory Agents', 'Chemokine CXCL1', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Down-Regulation', 'Female', 'Injections, Intraocular', 'Injections, Intravenous', 'Lipopolysaccharides', 'Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II', 'Peptides', 'Phosphorylation', 'Protein Kinase Inhibitors', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun', 'Random Allocation', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Lew', 'Uveitis']
| 25,313,830
|
[['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.158'], ['D12.644.276.374.200.120.050', 'D12.776.467.374.200.120.050', 'D12.776.624.664.700.049', 'D23.125.300.120.050', 'D23.469.200.120.050', 'D23.529.374.200.120.050'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['G02.111.240', 'G05.308.200', 'G07.690.773.937'], ['E02.319.267.530.475'], ['E02.319.267.082.750', 'E02.319.267.530.540'], ['D09.400.500', 'D09.698.718.450', 'D10.494', 'D23.050.161.616.525', 'D23.946.123.329.500'], ['D08.811.682.664.500.772.500', 'D12.776.157.687.575', 'D12.776.660.720.575'], ['D12.644'], ['G02.111.665', 'G02.607.780', 'G03.796'], ['D27.505.519.389.755'], ['D12.776.260.108.820', 'D12.776.624.664.700.182', 'D12.776.660.763', 'D12.776.930.127.820'], ['E05.318.370.700', 'E05.581.500.805', 'N05.715.360.325.675', 'N06.850.520.445.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760.280', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400.280'], ['C11.941.879']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Correlation between the stability constant and pH for â-cyclodextrin complexes.
|
In drug formulations, cyclodextrins are used to increase aqueous solubility and chemical stability of drugs via formation of inclusion complexes. For ionizable drug molecules, the complexation strength depends on pH. Increased ionization leads to a more soluble drug, but also results in destabilization of cyclodextrin complexes. Therefore, formulation scientists aim to find a balance between increased drug solubility and high complexation strength. In this work, a theoretical expression for the dependency between the stability constant and pH is presented, allowing the accurate prediction of the stability constant at any pH. The theoretical expression requires three out of four input parameters; the pKa of the free guest molecule, the pKa of the complex, and the stability constants for the neutral and fully ionized complex. Stability constants for â-cyclodextrin and ibuprofen complexes were determined by isothermal titration calorimetry at seven pH values (2.5-5.5) and four temperatures (15-55 °C). All these measured stability constants complied with the theoretical expression. Ten additional data sets from the literature comprising eight different drug molecules and three different cyclodextrins confirmed the ability of the theoretical expression to account for the observed pH-dependence of stability constants.
|
['Drug Stability', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Ibuprofen', 'beta-Cyclodextrins']
| 31,319,150
|
[['E05.916.330'], ['G02.300'], ['D02.241.223.701.430'], ['D04.345.103.333', 'D09.301.915.400.375.333', 'D09.698.365.855.400.375.333']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The G/C915 polymorphism of transforming growth factor beta1 is associated with human longevity: a study in Italian centenarians.
|
Sequence variations in a variety of pro- or anti-inflammatory cytokine genes have been found to influence successful aging and longevity. Because of the role played by the transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-beta1) cytokine in inflammation and regulation of immune responses, the variability of the TGF-beta1 gene may affect longevity by playing a role in inflamm-aging. Two polymorphisms, G/A -800 and C/T -509, located in the 5' region, and two missense polymorphisms, T/C 869 and G/C 915 which change (Leu > Pro)10 and (Arg > Pro)25, respectively, located in the signal peptide, were analysed in 419 subjects from Northern and Central Italy, including 172 centenarians and 247 younger controls. In addition, the effects of the TGF-beta1 genetic variability on plasma levels of the biologically active form (naturally processed) of this cytokine were studied in 143 randomly selected subjects, including 73 centenarians. Significant differences were found at the +915 site as far as the C allele and GC genotype were concerned, both of them being lower in centenarians than in young controls (P=0.034 and 0.028, respectively), but none of the other tested genetic variants was significantly different between centenarians and controls. Moreover, a particular haplotype combination (G -800/C -509/C 869/C 915) was notably lower in centenarians than in younger individuals (P=0.007). Finally, active TGF-beta1 plasma levels were significantly increased in the elderly group, but no relationship with TGF-beta1 genotypes was observed. These results suggest that, at least in this population, the variability of the TGF-beta1 gene influences longevity and that the age-related increase in plasma levels of active TGF-beta1 seems not to be genetically regulated.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Aging', 'Alleles', 'Cytokines', 'Female', 'Genotype', 'Humans', 'Italy', 'Longevity', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Polymorphism, Genetic', 'Sex Characteristics', 'Transforming Growth Factor beta', 'Transforming Growth Factor beta1']
| 15,569,360
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['G07.345.124'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.030'], ['D12.644.276.374', 'D12.776.467.374', 'D23.529.374'], ['G05.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.542.489'], ['G07.345.124.519', 'G07.540'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G05.365.795'], ['G08.686.815'], ['D12.644.276.374.687', 'D12.644.276.954.775', 'D12.776.467.374.687', 'D12.776.467.942.775', 'D23.529.374.687', 'D23.529.942.775'], ['D12.644.276.374.687.100', 'D12.644.276.954.775.100', 'D12.776.467.374.687.100', 'D12.776.467.942.775.100', 'D23.529.374.687.100', 'D23.529.942.775.100']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
|
Consistent RNA sequencing contamination in GTEx and other data sets.
|
A challenge of next generation sequencing is read contamination. We use Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) datasets and technical metadata along with RNA-seq datasets from other studies to understand factors that contribute to contamination. Here we report, of 48 analyzed tissues in GTEx, 26 have variant co-expression clusters of four highly expressed and pancreas-enriched genes (PRSS1, PNLIP, CLPS, and/or CELA3A). Fourteen additional highly expressed genes from other tissues also indicate contamination. Sample contamination is strongly associated with a sample being sequenced on the same day as a tissue that natively expresses those genes. Discrepant SNPs across four contaminating genes validate the contamination. Low-level contamination affects ~40% of samples and leads to numerous eQTL assignments in inappropriate tissues among these 18 genes. This type of contamination occurs widely, impacting bulk and single cell (scRNA-seq) data set analysis. In conclusion, highly expressed, tissue-enriched genes basally contaminate GTEx and other datasets impacting analyses.
|
['DNA Contamination', 'Genotype', 'High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing', 'Humans', 'Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide', 'RNA', 'Sequence Analysis, RNA', 'Single-Cell Analysis']
| 32,321,923
|
[['E01.370.225.998.293', 'E05.200.998.293', 'E05.393.290.573', 'E05.393.760.700.224', 'I01.198.780.937.375.500'], ['G05.380'], ['E05.393.760.319'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G05.365.795.598'], ['D13.444.735'], ['E05.393.760.710'], ['E05.242.900']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Effect of indomethacin on arterial oxygenation in critically ill patients with severe bacterial pneumonia.
|
The effect of indomethacin (1 mg/kg) on gas exchange was studied in ten patients with hypoxaemic respiratory failure precipitated by bacterial pneumonia. Mean arterial oxygen tension (PaO2) improved significantly (79 +/- 16 mm Hg to 98 +/- 20 mm Hg) but the response varied between patients: five showed substantial responses (27-42 mm Hg), three lesser responses (7-9 mm Hg), and two no response. Similar changes were found in the alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient and the ratio of PaO2 to fractional inspired oxygen concentration. In two responders studied further, PaO2 had fallen to baseline values 4-6 h later and a repeat indomethacin challenge again increased PaO2 by greater than 25 mm Hg with concomitant changes in pulmonary shunt. There were no significant changes in the other gas-exchange or haemodynamic variables measured and there was no clear reason for the variability in response to indomethacin. These results suggest a role for products of the cyclo-oxygenase pathway of arachidonic acid metabolism in the pathogenesis of hypoxaemia in patients with severe bacterial pneumonia.
|
['Acute Disease', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Bacterial Infections', 'Critical Care', 'Humans', 'Hypoxia', 'Indomethacin', 'Middle Aged', 'Oxygen', 'Pneumonia', 'Pulmonary Gas Exchange']
| 2,880,162
|
[['C23.550.291.125'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['C01.150.252'], ['E02.760.190', 'N02.421.585.190'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C23.888.852.079'], ['D03.633.100.473.420'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D01.268.185.550', 'D01.362.670'], ['C01.748.610', 'C08.381.677', 'C08.730.610'], ['E01.370.386.700.650', 'G03.143.775.602', 'G09.772.705.760.602']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
[Mutation screening in Angiotensin II receptors, AGTR1 and AGTR2, and evaluation of AGTR1 polymorphisms C573T and A1166C in patients with premature adrenarche].
|
Precocious pubarche is the appearance of pubic hair before the age of 8 years in girls and 9 years in boys. The most frequent etiology is idiopathic precocious adrenarche, suggested, after long-term follow-up, to be associated with metabolic syndrome. One of the factors involved in the genesis of precocious adrenarche is Angiotensin II (Ang II), which promotes cell proliferation and steroidogenesis through type 1 (AT1) and type 2 (AT2) receptors. In order to study Ang II receptors mutations, 50 children with idiopathic precocious adrenarche were evaluated and compared to a control group of normal individuals. Mutations were not detected in the AGTR1 and AGTR2 genes; however, two polymorphisms were identified in the AGTR1 gene: the C573T (exon 5) and the A1166C (3' untranslated region). The polymorphic allele T573 was found in 35% of the patients and 38% of controls. The polymorphic allele C1166 was present in 24% of the patients and 26% of controls. There was no statistical difference between groups. There was also no correlation between the polymorphisms and clinical and laboratory findings, as well as their family history of metabolic syndrome.
|
['Adrenarche', 'Analysis of Variance', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Female', 'Gene Frequency', 'Genotype', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Metabolic Syndrome', 'Mutation', 'Point Mutation', 'Polymorphism, Genetic', 'Puberty, Precocious', 'Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 2', 'Statistics, Nonparametric']
| 17,160,213
|
[['G08.686.760.204', 'G08.686.841.374.204'], ['E05.318.740.150', 'N05.715.360.750.125', 'N06.850.520.830.150'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['G05.330'], ['G05.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C18.452.394.968.500.570', 'C18.452.625'], ['G05.365.590'], ['G05.365.590.675'], ['G05.365.795'], ['C19.391.693'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.047.687', 'D12.776.543.750.750.130.875'], ['E05.318.740.995', 'N05.715.360.750.760', 'N06.850.520.830.995']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Time-dependent amplified pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic responses of rabeprazole in cytochrome P450 2C19 poor metabolizers.
|
STUDY OBJECTIVES: To determine the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic rationale for the optimum regimen of rabeprazole in the treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection in patients who are cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C19 poor metabolizers or extensive metabolizers.DESIGN: Prospective, multiple-dose pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic study.SETTING: University-affiliated medical center in Taiwan.SUBJECTS: Twelve healthy volunteers (aged 20-30 yrs) who were identified as CYP2C19 poor metabolizers (six subjects) or extensive metabolizers (six).INTERVENTION: Each subject received rabeprazole 20 mg twice/day for 3 consecutive days and once/day on the fourth day.MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters were compared between CYP2C19 poor and extensive metabolizers on day 1 and day 4 of dosing. The mean +/- SD values of area under the concentration-time curve of rabeprazole and rabeprazole thioether were significantly higher in poor metabolizers than in extensive metabolizers on day 1 (5357 +/- 883 vs 1131 +/- 512 ng x hr/ml and 1703 +/- 432 vs 561 +/- 358 ng x hr/ml, respectively; p<0.001) and on day 4 (5601 +/- 669 vs 1619 +/- 778 ng x hr/ml and 1914 +/- 378 vs 511 +/- 360 ng x hr/ml, respectively; p<0.001). However, no significant difference was noted between day 1 and day 4 of dosing within the same genotype groups. Only CYP2C19 poor metabolizers had significantly higher plasma gastrin levels on day 4 compared with those levels on day 1 (p<0.05). The pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic relationship of rabeprazole appears to be time dependent.CONCLUSION: The pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic data suggest that CYP2C19 poor metabolizers might be subject to advantageous conditions, especially after day 4, for treating H. pylori infection with rabeprazole.
|
['2-Pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazoles', 'Academic Medical Centers', 'Adult', 'Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases', 'Benzimidazoles', 'Breath Tests', 'Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C19', 'Female', 'Gastrins', 'Genotype', 'Helicobacter Infections', 'Helicobacter pylori', 'Humans', 'Inactivation, Metabolic', 'Male', 'Mixed Function Oxygenases', 'Omeprazole', 'Prospective Studies', 'Proton Pump Inhibitors', 'Rabeprazole', 'Taiwan', 'Time Factors']
| 12,820,812
|
[['D02.886.640.074', 'D03.383.725.024', 'D03.633.100.103.034'], ['N02.278.020'], ['M01.060.116'], ['D08.244.453.005', 'D08.811.682.690.708.170.010', 'D12.776.422.220.453.010'], ['D03.633.100.103'], ['E01.370.100'], ['D08.244.453.491.500.700', 'D08.811.682.690.708.170.450.500.700', 'D12.776.422.220.453.491.500.700'], ['D06.472.317.413', 'D06.472.699.280', 'D12.644.400.320', 'D12.644.548.280', 'D12.776.631.650.320'], ['G05.380'], ['C01.150.252.400.466'], ['B03.440.500.550', 'B03.660.150.235.500.250.550'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G03.171.450', 'G03.787.225.450', 'G07.690.725.225.450'], ['D08.811.682.690.708'], ['D02.886.640.074.500', 'D03.383.725.024.500', 'D03.633.100.103.034.500'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['D27.505.519.389.848'], ['D02.886.640.074.750', 'D03.383.725.024.750', 'D03.633.100.103.034.750'], ['Z01.252.474.872', 'Z01.639.850'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Tracking and visualization of space-time activities for a micro-scale flu transmission study.
|
BACKGROUND: Infectious diseases pose increasing threats to public health with increasing population density and more and more sophisticated social networks. While efforts continue in studying the large scale dissemination of contagious diseases, individual-based activity and behaviour study benefits not only disease transmission modelling but also the control, containment, and prevention decision making at the local scale. The potential for using tracking technologies to capture detailed space-time trajectories and model individual behaviour is increasing rapidly, as technological advances enable the manufacture of small, lightweight, highly sensitive, and affordable receivers and the routine use of location-aware devices has become widespread (e.g., smart cellular phones). The use of low-cost tracking devices in medical research has also been proved effective by more and more studies. This study describes the use of tracking devices to collect data of space-time trajectories and the spatiotemporal processing of such data to facilitate micro-scale flu transmission study. We also reports preliminary findings on activity patterns related to chances of influenza infection in a pilot study.METHODS: Specifically, this study employed A-GPS tracking devices to collect data on a university campus. Spatiotemporal processing was conducted for data cleaning and segmentation. Processed data was validated with traditional activity diaries. The A-GPS data set was then used for visual explorations including density surface visualization and connection analysis to examine space-time activity patterns in relation to chances of influenza infection.RESULTS: When compared to diary data, the segmented tracking data demonstrated to be an effective alternative and showed greater accuracies in time as well as the details of routes taken by participants. A comparison of space-time activity patterns between participants who caught seasonal influenza and those who did not revealed interesting patterns.CONCLUSIONS: This study proved that tracking technology an effective technique for obtaining data for micro-scale influenza transmission research. The findings revealed micro-scale transmission hotspots on a university campus and provided insights for local control and prevention strategies.
|
['Geographic Information Systems', 'Humans', 'Influenza, Human', 'Pilot Projects', 'Spatial Behavior', 'Students', 'Universities']
| 23,388,060
|
[['L01.313.500.750.300.314', 'L01.470.750.750.462'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C01.748.310', 'C01.925.782.620.365', 'C08.730.310'], ['E05.318.372.750', 'E05.337.737', 'N05.715.360.330.720', 'N06.850.520.450.720'], ['F01.145.875'], ['M01.848'], ['I02.783.830', 'J03.832.830']]
|
['Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Effect of epidermal growth factor and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate on the phosphorylation of soluble acidic proteins in A431 epidermoid carcinoma cells.
|
Treatment of [32P]phosphate prelabeled intact human A431 epidermoid carcinoma cells with epidermal growth factor (EGF, 100 ng/ml) or 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA, 10(-7)M) resulted in a selective enhancement in the phosphorylation of the following soluble acidic proteins: a phosphoprotein with a molecular weight of 17,000 (pp17; similar notation used throughout) pI approximately 5.5); pp27 (pI approximately 5.5); pp34 (pI approximately 6.2); and pp80 (pI approximately 4.5) as detected by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. EGF or TPA induced a 4- to 6-fold increase in the phosphorylation of pp17 and a 2- to 4-fold increase in the phosphorylation of pp27, pp34, and pp80 within 15 min after treatment of subconfluent A431 cells. Alkali treatment of the gels removed most of the incorporated [32P] phosphate from the phosphoproteins, including pp27, pp34, and pp80; however, the phosphoester bond in pp17 was stable to alkaline hydrolysis since there was no removal of [32P]phosphate from this protein. Treatment of A431 cells with dibutyryl cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate (1 mM) also increased the phosphorylation of pp17, pp27, and pp34 but not of pp80. Activation of endogenous calcium- and phospholipid-dependent protein kinase C in the cytosol of A431 cells in a cell-free system resulted in the enhanced phosphorylation of pp27, pp34, and pp80 but not of pp17 while exogenous addition of the catalytic subunit of cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate-dependent protein kinase to cytosol preparations resulted in the phosphorylation of pp17, pp27, and pp34, but not of pp80. These results demonstrate that at least four soluble acidic proteins are phosphorylated in A431 cells in response to either EGF or TPA in vivo suggesting that these two agents may exert part of their biological effects on A431 cells through a biochemical pathway involving the phosphorylation of several common proteins; moreover, the studies suggest that these four acidic proteins may be substrates in vitro for protein kinase C and/or a cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate-dependent protein kinase.
|
['Bucladesine', 'Carcinoma, Squamous Cell', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Cytosol', 'Epidermal Growth Factor', 'Humans', 'Molecular Weight', 'Phorbols', 'Phosphoproteins', 'Phosphorylation', 'Protein Kinase C', 'Protein Kinases', 'Proteins', 'Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate']
| 3,015,383
|
[['D03.633.100.759.646.138.395.250', 'D13.695.462.200.250', 'D13.695.667.138.395.250', 'D13.695.827.068.395.250'], ['C04.557.470.200.400', 'C04.557.470.700.400'], ['A11.251'], ['A11.284.430.214.200', 'A11.284.430.429.200', 'A11.284.835.450.200'], ['D06.472.317.350', 'D12.644.276.382.500', 'D12.776.467.382.500', 'D23.529.382.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G02.494'], ['D02.455.849.291.500'], ['D12.776.744'], ['G02.111.665', 'G02.607.780', 'G03.796'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.725'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682'], ['D12.776'], ['D02.455.849.291.500.510.850']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The expression of regulated endocrine-specific protein of 18 kDa in peptidergic cells of rat peripheral endocrine tissues and in blood.
|
We examined the cellular localization of regulated endocrine-specific protein of 18 kDa (RESP18) and mRNA in peripheral endocrine tissues. In situ hybridization and immunocytochemistry identified RESP18 mRNA in most cells of the anterior and intermediate pituitary, with RESP18 protein apparent in many anterior pituitary cells but very few intermediate pituitary cells. In the adrenal medulla and superior cervical ganglion, RESP18 mRNA co-localized with dopamine beta-mono-oxygenase and neuropeptide Y. In the thyroid, RESP18 mRNA was localized to C-cells. RESP18 mRNA was expressed in most of the cells of the pancreatic islets, co-localizing with insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin. No RESP18 mRNA or protein was detected in the adrenal cortex, ovary, neural lobe of the pituitary, parathyroid, exocrine pancreas, thyroid follicular cells, placenta, mammary tissue, liver, lung, or atria. As in the intermediate lobe of the pituitary, high levels of RESP18 mRNA in the pancreatic islets and adrenal medulla did not always correlate with immunodetectable RESP protein, suggesting that post-transcriptional mechanisms are important in controlling RESP18 expression. Western blot analyses identified 18 kDa RESP and higher molecular weight isoforms of RESP in most tissues and in plasma. Subcellular fractionation of the anterior pituitary identified 18 kDa RESP18 in fractions enriched in endoplasmic reticulum and secretory granules, with the higher molecular weight isoforms of RESP18 concentrated in fractions enriched in secretory granules. The broad neuroendocrine distribution of RESP18 suggests that it subserves an important function in the secretory pathway that is common to the production of many secreted peptides.
|
['Adrenal Glands', 'Animals', 'Blotting, Northern', 'Blotting, Western', 'Female', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'In Situ Hybridization', 'Male', 'Nerve Tissue Proteins', 'Neuropeptide Y', 'Pancreas', 'Pituitary Gland, Anterior', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Thyroid Gland']
| 9,415,067
|
[['A06.300.071'], ['B01.050'], ['E05.196.401.095', 'E05.301.300.074', 'E05.601.100'], ['E05.196.401.143', 'E05.301.300.096', 'E05.478.566.320.200', 'E05.601.262', 'E05.601.470.320.200'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.670.325', 'E01.370.225.750.600.670.325', 'E05.200.500.620.670.325', 'E05.200.750.600.670.325', 'E05.393.661.475'], ['D12.776.631'], ['D12.644.400.500', 'D12.776.631.650.500'], ['A03.734'], ['A06.300.747.500', 'A06.688.357.750.500', 'A08.186.211.180.497.352.435.500.500', 'A08.186.211.200.317.357.352.435.500.500', 'A08.713.357.750.500'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['A06.300.900']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Positive Airway Pressure Therapy Is Challenging for Patients With Epilepsy.
|
STUDY OBJECTIVES: To investigate whether patients with epilepsy and comorbid obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) are more likely to be nonadherent to positive airway pressure (PAP) therapy than adults with OSA but without epilepsy.METHODS: This retrospective study included patients with epilepsy diagnosed with OSA and age-, sex-, and apnea-hypopnea index (AHI)-matched controls with OSA but without epilepsy who started PAP treatment between February 2014 and August 2017. Subjects' adherence to PAP therapy was continuously recorded electronically, and comparisons were made at 1 month, 3 months, and 1 year following PAP initiation. Predictors to poor adherence were also evaluated.RESULTS: Patients with epilepsy (n = 23) were less adherent to PAP than controls (n = 23) during the first month of treatment (13% versus 78%, P = .03). During this first month, average PAP use was lower in patients with epilepsy (4.7 ± 2.1 hours) relative to controls (6.1 ± 1.2 hours, P = .03). Despite sustained PAP treatment, patients with epilepsy had a greater residual AHI and were five times more likely than controls to have residual apnea events above normal range at 3-month and 1-year follow-up. However, no clinical characteristics could significantly predict poor adherence in patients.CONCLUSIONS: Patients with epilepsy are less likely to be adherent to PAP therapy during the first month of treatment, as compared to adults with OSA but no epilepsy. Moreover, PAP therapy could not sufficiently reduce AHI in up to 72% of patients. These findings highlight the need for careful monitoring of PAP treatment in patients with epilepsy, as untreated OSA may worsen seizure burden.
|
['Boston', 'Comorbidity', 'Continuous Positive Airway Pressure', 'Epilepsy', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Patient Compliance', 'Polysomnography', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Sleep Apnea, Obstructive', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 29,991,426
|
[['Z01.107.567.875.550.510.210', 'Z01.433.210'], ['N05.715.350.225', 'N06.850.490.687'], ['E02.041.625.790.259', 'E02.880.820.790.259'], ['C10.228.140.490'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['F01.100.150.750.500.600', 'F01.145.488.887.500.600', 'N05.300.150.800.500.600'], ['E01.370.520.625'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['C08.618.085.852.850', 'C10.886.425.800.750.850'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Geographicals [Z]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Left heart structures in human neonates with congenital diaphragmatic hernia and the effect of fetal endoscopic tracheal occlusion.
|
BACKGROUND: Small left heart structures are observed in fetuses with left-sided congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH). Fetoscopic tracheal occlusion (FETO) in mid-gestation promotes lung growth in fetuses with CDH, however cardiac effects of FETO are poorly described. We studied the effects of FETO on cardiac structure size at birth, hypothesizing that left heart structures would be larger in neonates who had undergone fetal intervention.METHODS/RESULTS: We performed retrospective measurements of atrioventricular and semilunar valve and pulmonary artery diameters, ventricular lengths, left ventricular end-diastolic volume indexed (LVEDVi) to body surface area. 35 patients were studied (9 FETO, 26 controls). All fetuses had liver herniation and a lung-to-head ratio <1 at fetal presentation. At birth the intervention group had larger LVEDVi (16.8 vs. 12.76 ml/m(2), p < 0.05), LV length Z-score (-2.05 vs. -4, p < 0.01), LV:RV length ratio (1.43 vs. 1.04, p < 0.05), LPA diameter Z-score (+1.71 vs. -1.04, p < 0.05), and better growth of aortic valve (-2.18 FETO, -3.3 controls, p < 0.01). There was a trend toward higher LV output in the FETO group.CONCLUSIONS: Left heart structures and LPA were larger postnatally in patients with CDH who underwent FETO than in those who did not. Hemodynamic alterations are introduced with tracheal occlusion that are associated with alterations in ventricular loading and may influence growth.
|
['Case-Control Studies', 'Echocardiography', 'Female', 'Fetal Development', 'Fetoscopy', 'Head', 'Heart', 'Hernia, Diaphragmatic', 'Hernias, Diaphragmatic, Congenital', 'Humans', 'Lung', 'Male', 'Regional Blood Flow', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Ultrasonography, Prenatal']
| 24,356,206
|
[['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['E01.370.350.130.750', 'E01.370.350.850.220', 'E01.370.370.380.220'], ['G07.345.500.325.235', 'G08.686.784.170.157'], ['E01.370.378.630.300', 'E01.370.388.250.280', 'E02.467.750', 'E04.502.250.280', 'E04.520.280'], ['A01.456'], ['A07.541'], ['C23.300.707.960.500'], ['C16.131.433', 'C23.300.707.960.500.116'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A04.411'], ['G09.330.100.780'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['E01.370.350.850.865', 'E01.370.378.630.865']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Cloning and characterization of a cDNA encoding topoisomerase II in pea and analysis of its expression in relation to cell proliferation.
|
We have isolated and sequenced four overlapping cDNA clones to identify the full-length cDNA for topoisomerase II (PsTopII) from pea. Using degenerate primers, based on the conserved amino acid sequences of other eukaryotic type II topoisomerases, a 680 bp fragment was PCR-amplified with pea cDNA as template. This fragment was used as a probe to screen an oligo-dT-primed pea cDNA library. A partial cDNA clone was isolated that was truncated at the 3' end. RACE-PCR was employed to isolate the remaining portion of the gene. The total size of PsTopII is 4639 bp with an open reading frame of 4392 bp. The deduced amino acid sequence shows a strong homology to other eukaryotic topoisomerase II (topo II) at the N-terminus end. The topo II transcript was abundant in proliferative tissues. We also show that the level of topo II transcripts could be stimulated by exogenous application of growth factors that induced proliferation in vitro cultures. Light irradiation to etiolated tissue strongly stimulated the expression of topo II. These results suggest that topo II gene expression is up-regulated in response to light and hormones and correlates with cell proliferation. Besides, we have also isolated and analysed the 5'-flanking region of the pea TopII gene. This is first report on the isolation of a putative promoter for topoisomerase II from plants.
|
["3' Untranslated Regions", 'Amino Acid Sequence', 'Arabidopsis', 'Base Sequence', 'Blotting, Northern', 'Cell Division', 'Cloning, Molecular', 'DNA Primers', 'DNA Topoisomerases, Type II', 'DNA, Complementary', 'DNA, Plant', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Plant', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Peas', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Promoter Regions, Genetic', 'RNA, Plant', 'Sequence Alignment', 'Sequence Homology, Amino Acid', 'Tissue Distribution', 'Transcription, Genetic']
| 10,561,074
|
[['D13.444.735.544.875.880', 'D13.444.735.790.878.880', 'G05.360.340.024.220.880.880', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.910.880'], ['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.157.100'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['E05.196.401.095', 'E05.301.300.074', 'E05.601.100'], ['G04.144.220', 'G04.161.750.500', 'G05.113', 'G07.345.249.410.750.500'], ['E05.393.220'], ['D13.695.578.424.450.275', 'D27.720.470.530.600.223.600'], ['D08.811.399.403.741'], ['D13.444.308.497.220', 'D13.444.600.223.500', 'D27.720.470.530.600.223.260'], ['D13.444.308.435'], ['G05.308.320'], ['G05.308.375'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.401.630'], ['E05.393.620.500'], ['G02.111.570.080.689.675', 'G05.360.080.689.675', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.750.680'], ['D13.444.735.635'], ['E05.393.751'], ['G02.111.810.200', 'G05.810.200'], ['G03.787.917', 'G07.690.725.949'], ['G02.111.873', 'G05.297.700']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The effectiveness of double hulls in reducing vessel-accident oil spillage.
|
While much work has been done in investigating determinants of oil spillage attributed to vessel accidents, little research has been conducted on the effectiveness of ship hull design in reducing marine pollution. This paper addresses whether the double-hull requirement reduces vessel-accident oil spillage. The volume of oil spillage due to oil-cargo vessel accidents was investigated using tobit regressions and an empirical data set of individual vessel accident pollution incidents investigated by the US Coast Guard from 2001 to 2008. The results indicate that the double hull design on average reduces the size of oil spills by 20% and 62% in tank barge and tanker ship accidents, respectively.
|
['Accident Prevention', 'Models, Theoretical', 'Petroleum Pollution', 'Regression Analysis', 'Ships', 'United States']
| 21,924,747
|
[['N06.850.135.060'], ['E05.599'], ['N06.850.460.660'], ['E05.318.740.750', 'N05.715.360.750.695', 'N06.850.520.830.750'], ['J01.937.817'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
The structure of the nuclear factor-kappaB protein-DNA complex varies with DNA-binding site sequence.
|
Transcriptional regulation of many immune responsive genes is under the control of the transcription factor NF-kappaB. This factor is found in cells as a dimer which can contain any two members of the Rel family of proteins (p50, p65, p52, c-Rel, and RelB). The different dimers show distinct preferences for DNA-binding site sequences. To understand the relationship between the DNA binding properties of the dimer forms and transcriptional activation, the physical properties of the complexes of p50 and p65 with DNA have been analyzed. Comparison of apparent DNA binding affinity showed differences in selectivity of DNA-binding site sequence. The ionic strength dependence of apparent binding affinity has shown that the number of ionic interactions in the protein-DNA complex depends on the DNA-binding site sequence and the dimer form, which are consistent with changes in the structure of the protein-DNA complex. Using a fluorescent technique to measure DNA structure changes, protein binding does not appear to alter the structure of the DNA-binding site within the limits of detection. These results are consistent with a change in protein structure that may result in activation differences due to alternative interactions with other transcription proteins.
|
['Binding Sites', 'Binding, Competitive', 'DNA', 'Dimerization', 'Energy Transfer', 'Fluorescence Polarization', 'Humans', 'Immunoglobulin kappa-Chains', 'Interferon-beta', 'Models, Chemical', 'NF-kappa B', 'NF-kappa B p50 Subunit', 'Nucleic Acid Conformation', 'Nucleoproteins', 'Oligodeoxyribonucleotides', 'Protein Binding', 'Protein Conformation', 'Transcription Factor RelA']
| 10,713,070
|
[['G02.111.570.120'], ['E05.196.080', 'G02.111.084', 'G02.111.570.120.309'], ['D13.444.308'], ['G02.206', 'G03.230'], ['G01.154.240', 'G02.111.255', 'G02.216'], ['E05.196.712.516.600.390'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.705.750.530', 'D12.776.124.790.651.705.750.530', 'D12.776.377.715.548.705.750.530'], ['D12.644.276.374.440.890.275', 'D12.776.467.374.440.890.275', 'D23.529.374.440.890.275'], ['E05.599.495'], ['D05.500.672', 'D12.776.260.600', 'D12.776.660.600', 'D12.776.930.600'], ['D12.776.260.600.124', 'D12.776.660.600.124', 'D12.776.930.600.124'], ['G02.111.570.820.486', 'G05.360.580'], ['D12.776.664'], ['D13.695.578.424.450'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808'], ['G02.111.570.820.709'], ['D12.776.260.600.249', 'D12.776.660.600.249', 'D12.776.930.600.249']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Bayesian methods for FMRI time-series analysis using a nonstationary model for the noise.
|
In this paper, the Bayesian framework is used for the analysis of functional MRI (fMRI) data. Two algorithms are proposed to deal with the nonstationarity of the noise. The first algorithm is based on the temporal analysis of the data, while the second algorithm is based on the spatiotemporal analysis. Both algorithms estimate the variance of the noise across the images and the voxels. The first algorithm is based on the generalized linear model (GLM), while the second algorithm is based on a spatiotemporal version of it. In the GLM, an extended design matrix is used to deal with the presence of the drift in the fMRI time series. To estimate the regression parameters of the GLM as well as the variance components of the noise, the variational Bayesian (VB) methodology is employed. The use of the VB methodology results in an iterative algorithm, where the estimation of the regression coefficients and the estimation of variance components of the noise, across images and voxels, are interchanged in an elegant and fully automated way. The performance of the proposed algorithms (under the assumption of different noise models) is compared with the weighted least-squares (WLSs) method. Results using simulated and real data indicate the superiority of the proposed approach compared to the WLS method, thus taking into account the complex noise structure of the fMRI time series.
|
['Algorithms', 'Bayes Theorem', 'Brain', 'Computer Simulation', 'Humans', 'Least-Squares Analysis', 'Linear Models', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Monte Carlo Method', 'Motion', 'ROC Curve', 'Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted']
| 20,123,577
|
[['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['E05.318.740.600.200', 'N05.715.360.750.625.150', 'N06.850.520.830.600.200'], ['A08.186.211'], ['L01.224.160'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.740.750.400', 'N05.715.360.750.695.440', 'N06.850.520.830.750.400'], ['E05.318.740.500.500', 'E05.318.740.750.425', 'E05.599.835.750', 'N05.715.360.750.530.460', 'N05.715.360.750.695.460', 'N06.850.520.830.500.500', 'N06.850.520.830.750.425'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['E05.318.740.525', 'L01.906.394.422', 'N05.715.360.750.540', 'N06.850.520.830.525'], ['G01.482'], ['E05.318.370.800.750', 'E05.318.740.872.750', 'N05.715.360.325.700.680', 'N06.850.520.445.800.750'], ['L01.224.800']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Corneal Cross-Linking With Verteporfin and Nonthermal Laser Therapy.
|
PURPOSE: To test whether verteporfin with a nonthermal laser increases corneal mechanical stiffness and resistance to enzymatic degradation ex vivo.METHODS: Thirty human corneas (n = 5 per group) were treated with verteporfin alone (V), irradiated with nonthermal laser therapy (689 nm) alone (NTL), or received combined treatment of verteporfin with nonthermal laser therapy for 1 sequence (V+NTL1) or 6 sequences (V+NTL6) of 1 minute of NTL exposure. Positive controls were pretreated with 0.1% riboflavin/20% dextran every 3 to 5 minutes for 30 minutes and irradiated with ultraviolet light type A (ë = 370 nm, irradiance = 3 mW/cm) for 30 minutes using the Dresden protocol (R+UVA). Untreated corneas were used as negative controls. The corneal biomechanical properties were measured with enzymatic digestion, compression, creep, and tensile strength testing.RESULTS: V+NTL6- and R+UVA-treated corneas acquired higher rigidity and more pronounced curvature than untreated corneas. The stress-strain tests showed that V+NTL6 and R+UVA corneas became significantly stiffer than controls (P < 0.005). The V+NTL6 group seemed to be slightly stiffer than the R+UVA group, although the differences were not statistically significant. V+NTL6 corneas were found to have a significantly lower absolute creep rate (-1.87 vs. -3.46, P < 0.05) and significantly higher maximum stress values (7.67 vs. 3.02 P < 0.05) compared with untreated corneas.CONCLUSIONS: Verteporfin-NTL (V+NTL6) increases corneal mechanical stiffness and resistance to enzymatic collagenase degradation. Although a clinical study is needed, our results suggest that V+NTL6 induces corneal cross-linking and corneal biomechanical changes that are similar to those induced by standard corneal collagen cross-linking.
|
['Biomechanical Phenomena', 'Collagen', 'Cornea', 'Cross-Linking Reagents', 'Humans', 'Low-Level Light Therapy', 'Photochemotherapy', 'Photosensitizing Agents', 'Porphyrins', 'Tensile Strength', 'Verteporfin']
| 29,176,450
|
[['G01.154.090', 'G01.374.089'], ['D05.750.078.280', 'D12.776.860.300.250'], ['A09.371.060.217'], ['D27.720.470.410.210'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.594.540', 'E02.774.500'], ['E02.186.500', 'E02.319.685', 'E02.774.722'], ['D27.505.954.444.600', 'D27.505.954.600.710'], ['D03.383.129.578.840.500', 'D03.633.400.909.500', 'D04.345.783.500', 'D23.767.727'], ['G01.374.850'], ['D03.383.129.578.840.500.940', 'D03.633.400.909.500.940', 'D04.345.783.500.940']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Multicenter study of the effectiveness and tolerability of desloratadine in seasonal allergic rhinitis].
|
INTRODUCTION: The authors appraised the clinical efficacy of desloratadine in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis and rhinoconjunctivitis.PATIENTS AND METHODS: An open, two-week trial was conducted on 428 patients between 3 June and 31 July 2002 in 11 centres. Nasal obstruction, rhinorrhea, sneezing, and itching as well as ocular clinical signs were characterized using a symptom score. Desloratadine tablet was administered in 5 mg doses. After two weeks of treatment, the symptom score was re-evaluated. Potential adverse events that had occurred during the treatment period were recorded.RESULTS: Desloratadine significantly alleviated all four nasal symptoms and ocular effectively. In particular, treatment resulted from 76 percent to 12% percent decrease of overall symptom score. One of the participants discontinued treatment due to the occurrence of adverse effects.CONCLUSION: These results demonstrate that desloratidine is a safe and effective systemic antihistamine--with complex antiallergic effect--for the therapy of seasonal allergic rhinitis and rhinoconjunctivitis. It can reduce nasal congestion with greater magnitude than other known antihistamines.
|
['Adult', 'Female', 'Histamine H1 Antagonists, Non-Sedating', 'Humans', 'Loratadine', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 12,847,854
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D27.505.519.625.375.425.400.500', 'D27.505.696.577.375.425.400.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.181.384.340.500', 'D03.383.621.160.500', 'D04.615.181.384.340.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C08.460.799.315.750', 'C08.674.453.750', 'C09.603.799.315.750', 'C20.543.480.680.443.750'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Analysis of retinol concentrations in bovine liver and its habitual consumption by pregnant women.
|
AIMS: The objectives of this study were to analyze retinol concentrations in two groups of bovine liver, to estimate the habitual consumption of bovine liver among pregnant women, and, based on these data, to evaluate the women's ingestion of vitamin A.METHOD: 60 samples of bovine liver, 30 of the Nelore breed and 30 of undefined breed (UB), were analyzed using the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for retinol dosage. 100 women under care at the University Maternity Hospital Janu?rio Cicco, UFRN, in Natal, RN, Brazil, completed the Frequency of Nourishment Questionnaire.RESULTS: The mean +/- SD values for the retinol concentrations in the liver samples of the Nelore breed and the UB groups were 16,947.8 +/- 6,866.9 and 5,213.1 +/- 2,517.2 microg of retinol/100 g, respectively. A high number of women consumed liver (73%) and in 71% of the cases the advice for the consumption of this food was provided by qualified professionals.CONCLUSION: It is concluded that the daily consumption of the bovine liver is not recommended for pregnant women, regardless of the genetic origin of the animal. The study alert health professionals of the danger of recommending the ingestion of bovine liver during pregnancy.
|
['Adult', 'Animals', 'Cattle', 'Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'Feeding Behavior', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Liver', 'Meat', 'Pregnancy', 'Prenatal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena', 'Vitamin A', 'Vitamins']
| 16,809,900
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['E05.196.181.400.300'], ['F01.145.113.547', 'F01.145.407', 'G07.203.650.353'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A03.620'], ['G07.203.300.600', 'J02.500.600'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['G07.203.650.566.624', 'G08.686.784.769.600'], ['D02.455.326.271.665.202.495.818', 'D02.455.426.392.368.367.379.249.700.860', 'D02.455.849.131.495.818', 'D02.455.849.291.925', 'D23.767.261.700.860'], ['D27.505.696.494.600', 'G07.203.300.681.500.600', 'J02.500.681.500.600']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Evidence of a strong association between frequency of self-monitoring of blood glucose and hemoglobin A1c levels in T1D exchange clinic registry participants.
|
OBJECTIVE: Despite substantial evidence of the benefit of frequent self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) in type 1 diabetes, certain insurers limit the number of test strips that they will provide. The large database of the T1D Exchange clinic registry provided an opportunity to evaluate the relationship between the number of SMBG measurements per day and HbA1c levels across a wide age range of children and adults.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: The analysis included 20,555 participants in the T1D Exchange clinic registry with type 1 diabetes ?1 year and not using a continuous glucose monitor (11,641 younger than age 18 years and 8,914 18 years old or older). General linear models were used to assess the association between the number of SMBG measurements and HbA1c levels after adjusting for potential confounding variables.RESULTS: A higher number of SMBG measurements per day were associated with non-Hispanic white race, insurance coverage, higher household income, and use of an insulin pump for insulin delivery (P < 0.001 for each factor). After adjusting for these factors, a higher number of SMBG measurements per day was strongly associated with a lower HbA1c level (adjusted P < 0.001), with the association being present in all age-groups and in both insulin pump and injection users.CONCLUSIONS: There is a strong association between higher SMBG frequency and lower HbA1c levels. It is important for insurers to consider that reducing restrictions on the number of test strips provided per month may lead to improved glycemic control for some patients with type 1 diabetes.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Blood Glucose', 'Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1', 'Female', 'Glycated Hemoglobin A', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Insulin Infusion Systems', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Young Adult']
| 23,378,621
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D09.947.875.359.448.500'], ['E01.370.225.124.100.105', 'E01.370.374.100', 'E01.370.520.100', 'E02.900.950.500', 'E05.200.124.100.105'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['C18.452.394.750.124', 'C19.246.267', 'C20.111.327'], ['D09.400.430.937', 'D12.776.124.400.405.440', 'D12.776.395.381', 'D12.776.422.316.762.380.440'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['E02.319.300.508', 'E07.505.508', 'E07.858.082.505.508'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
[Mixed amanita phalloides poisoning with rhabdomyolysis: analysis of 4 cases].
|
We report the clinical characteristics, treatments and outcomes of 4 rare cases of mixed amanita fuliginea and amanita rimosa poisoning with rhabdomyolysis, and review the research progress in the intoxication mechanism and treatment. The latent time of amanita poisoning, defined as the period from the ingestion of poisonous mushroom to the onset of gastrointestinal symptoms, was about 8 days, and the severity of poisoning was associated with the amount of mushroom ingested. All the 4 patients developed multiple organ dysfunctions within 3 to 4 days after mushroom ingestion, predominantly in the liver, kidney and central nervous system accompanied with acute gastrointestinal injury and rhabdomyolysis. The treatment measures included persistent hemofiltration and intermittent hemoperfusion once daily for 5-7 days, and plasma exchange was administered in 2 cases for 1 or 2 times. High-dose vitamin C, glucose and corticosteroid were also given to the patients. After the treatments, two patients were cured and the other two died due to an excess intake of poisonous mushroom and lack of early preemptive therapies. Early emetic, gastric lavage, catharsis, fluid infusion and diuresis are critical to interrupt the enterohepatic circulation of amanita phalloides toxins and prevent the development of multiple organ dysfunction. Enhanced hemofiltration and sequential plasma therapy might effectively eliminate toxin from the blood to protect against further organ damages.
|
['Amanita', 'Hemofiltration', 'Hemoperfusion', 'Humans', 'Multiple Organ Failure', 'Mushroom Poisoning', 'Rhabdomyolysis', 'Time Factors', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 29,891,465
|
[['B01.300.179.100.110'], ['E02.870.225', 'E04.292.471'], ['E02.870.244', 'E02.912.430', 'E04.292.510'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C23.550.835.525'], ['C25.723.415.551', 'C25.723.680.551'], ['C05.651.807'], ['G01.910.857'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Nephropathy associated with antiphospholipid antibodies in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.
|
BACKGROUND: Nephropathy associated with antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) has been proposed as a risk factor of worse renal prognosis in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the prevalence of aPL-associated nephropathy (aPLN) among patients with lupus nephritis and to describe their functional renal outcome.METHODS: A total of 79 renal biopsies from 77 patients followed at the Hospital Clinic, Spain were analysed. Each renal biopsy was evaluated by a pathologist who was blinded to the aPL status. Thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA), fibrous intimal hyperplasia (FIH), fibrocellular arterial occlusion (FAO), focal cortical atrophy (FCA), and tubular thyroidization as lesions suggestive of aPLN were identified.RESULTS: aPLN was found in nine (11.4%) biopsies. TMA was found in three (33.3%) cases whereas chronic aPLN, represented by FIH and FCA, was found in four (44.4%) and three (33.3%) cases, respectively. A significant association between the presence of aPL and aPLN was found (p = 0.003). Patients with lupus anticoagulant (LA) plus IgG anticardiolipin antibodies (aCL) showed an increased prevalence of aPLN (OR: 3.61, 95% CI 1.28-5.14; p = 0.002). Creatinine levels were significantly increased in patients with aPLN compared with those with aPL without aPLN (p = 0.038). However, no significant difference in complete remission, partial remission, not response, and established renal damage between groups was observed at the end of follow-up.CONCLUSIONS: The aPL have an important role in the pathogenesis of renal lesions in SLE patients. Prospective studies are needed to address the role of aPLN in the long-term outcome of SLE patients with positive aPL.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Antibodies, Anticardiolipin', 'Antibodies, Antiphospholipid', 'Biopsy', 'Creatinine', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Lupus Coagulation Inhibitor', 'Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic', 'Lupus Nephritis', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Prevalence', 'Prognosis', 'Remission Induction', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Risk Factors', 'Spain', 'Young Adult']
| 21,486,929
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.323.210.100', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.323.210.100', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.323.210.100'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.323.210', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.323.210', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.323.210'], ['E01.370.225.500.384.100', 'E01.370.225.998.054', 'E01.370.388.100', 'E04.074', 'E05.200.500.384.100', 'E05.200.998.054', 'E05.242.384.100'], ['D03.383.129.308.207'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.323.210.600', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.323.210.600', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.323.210.600', 'D23.113.475'], ['C17.300.480', 'C20.111.590'], ['C12.777.419.570.363.680', 'C13.351.968.419.570.363.680', 'C17.300.480.680', 'C20.111.590.560'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['E01.789'], ['E02.860'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['Z01.542.846'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Vorinostat or placebo in combination with bortezomib in patients with multiple myeloma (VANTAGE 088): a multicentre, randomised, double-blind study.
|
BACKGROUND: We aimed to assess efficacy and tolerability of vorinostat in combination with bortezomib for treatment of patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma.METHODS: In our randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial, we enrolled adults (?18 years) at 174 university hospitals in 31 countries worldwide. Eligible patients had to have non-refractory multiple myeloma that previously responded to treatment (one to three regimens) but were currently progressing, ECOG performance statuses of 2 or less, and no continuing toxic effects from previous treatment. We excluded patients with known resistance to bortezomib. We randomly allocated patients (1:1) using an interactive voice response system to receive 21 day cycles of bortezomib (1·3 mg/m(2) intravenously on days 1, 4, 8, and 11) in combination with oral vorinostat (400 mg) or matching placebo once-daily on days 1-14. We stratified patients by baseline tumour stage (International Staging System stage 1 or stage ?2), previous bone-marrow transplantation (yes or no), and number of previous regimens (1 or ?2). The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS) in the intention-to-treat population. We assessed adverse events in all patients who received at least one dose of study drug. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number 00773747.FINDINGS: Between Dec 24, 2008, and Sept 8, 2011, we randomly allocated 317 eligible patients to the vorinostat group (315 of whom received at least one dose) and 320 to the placebo group (all of whom received at least one dose). Median PFS was 7·63 months (95% CI 6·87-8·40) in the vorinostat group and 6·83 months (5·67-7·73) in the placebo group (hazard ratio [HR] 0·77, 95% CI 0·64-0·94; p=0·0100). 312 (99%) of 315 patients in the vorinostat group and 315 (98%) of 320 patients in the placebo group had adverse events (300 [95%] adverse events in the vorinostat group and 282 [88%] in the control group were regarded as related to treatment). The most common grade 3-4 adverse events were thrombocytopenia (143 [45%] patients in the vorinostat group vs 77 [24%] patients in the placebo group), neutropenia (89 [28%] vs 80 [25%]), and anaemia (53 [17%] vs 40 [13%]).INTERPRETATION: Although the combination of vorinostat and bortezomib prolonged PFS relative to bortezomib and placebo, the clinical relevance of the difference in PFS between the two groups is not clear. Different treatment schedules of bortezomib and vorinostat might improve tolerability and enhance activity.FUNDING: Merck.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols', 'Boronic Acids', 'Bortezomib', 'Double-Blind Method', 'Drug Resistance, Neoplasm', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Hydroxamic Acids', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Multiple Myeloma', 'Neoplasm Recurrence, Local', 'Neoplasm Staging', 'Prognosis', 'Pyrazines', 'Salvage Therapy', 'Survival Rate', 'Vorinostat']
| 24,055,414
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['E02.183.750.500', 'E02.319.077.500', 'E02.319.310.037'], ['D01.029.260.110', 'D01.132.285', 'D02.203.200'], ['D01.029.260.110.500', 'D01.132.285.500', 'D02.203.200.500', 'D03.383.679.450'], ['E05.318.370.300', 'E05.581.500.300', 'N05.715.360.325.320', 'N06.850.520.445.300'], ['G07.690.773.984.395'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D02.092.570.394', 'D02.241.511.372'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04.557.595.500', 'C14.907.454.460', 'C15.378.147.780.650', 'C15.378.463.515.460', 'C20.683.515.845', 'C20.683.780.650'], ['C04.697.655', 'C23.550.727.655'], ['E01.789.625'], ['E01.789'], ['D03.383.679'], ['E02.895'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.900', 'N01.224.935.698.826', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.900', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.900'], ['D02.065.199.960', 'D02.092.146.113.960', 'D02.092.570.394.690', 'D02.241.511.372.690']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Cutaneous manifestations and histological features of microscopic polyangiitis.
|
Purpura and livedo are common cutaneous manifestations of microscopic polyangiitis (MPA); however, only a few clinical analyses focusing on the relationship between clinical symptoms and the affected vessels in the skin have been reported. We herein report the cutaneous manifestations and histological features of four patients with MPA. In two patients, a Henoch-Sh?nlein purpura-like eruption developed with necrotizing vasculitis localized in the upper dermis. The other two patients presented with livedo racemosa; with histological findings of necrotizing vasculitis of the small vessels around the muscle fibers or from the deep dermis to subcutaneous tissue. Two patients' cases were complicated by systemic sclerosis and had poor prognoses. MPA can present with various cutaneous manifestations. Additional research is required to ascertain the relationship between the prognosis and the affected vessels.
|
['Aged', 'Diagnosis, Differential', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Prognosis', 'Skin Diseases, Vascular', 'Vasculitis']
| 19,059,827
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['E01.171'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.789'], ['C17.800.862'], ['C14.907.940']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Eradication of the chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis in the Japanese giant salamander Andrias japonicus.
|
The purpose of this study was to establish a method for eradicating a chytrid fungus (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis; Bd) from the Japanese giant salamander Andrias japonicus. The emerging agent (Bd) has a high rate of detection in this endangered amphibian species, which is designated as a special natural monument in Japan. Four Japanese giant salamanders with Bd confirmed by PCR assay were bathed in 0.01% itraconazole for 5 min d-1 over 10 successive days. PCR assays were conducted prior to treatment, on Days 5 and 10 of treatment, and on Days 7 and 14 post-treatment. By treatment Day 5, all individuals tested negative for Bd and remained negative until the end of the experiment. No side effects associated with itraconazole were observed. The present method appears to be a safe and effective approach for Bd eradication and may contribute to reducing the threat and spread of Bd among endangered amphibians. Notably, this study represents the first reported Bd eradication experiment involving Japanese giant salamanders.
|
['Animals', 'Antifungal Agents', 'Chytridiomycota', 'Itraconazole', 'Japan', 'Mycoses', 'Urodela']
| 22,535,874
|
[['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.122.136'], ['B01.300.283'], ['D03.383.129.799.550', 'D03.383.606.530'], ['Z01.252.474.463', 'Z01.639.595'], ['C01.150.703'], ['B01.050.150.900.090.608']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
|
Deviance partitioning of host factors affecting parasitization in the European brown hare (Lepus europaeus).
|
Deviance partitioning can provide new insights into the ecology of host-parasite interactions. We studied the host-related factors influencing parasite prevalence, abundance, and species richness in European brown hares (Lepus europaeus) from northern Spain. We defined three groups of explanatory variables: host environment, host population, and individual factors. We hypothesised that parasite infection rates and species richness were determined by different host-related factors depending on the nature of the parasite (endo- or ectoparasite, direct or indirect life cycle). To assess the relative importance of these components, we used deviance partitioning, an innovative approach. The explained deviance (ED) was higher for parasite abundance models, followed by those of prevalence and then by species richness, suggesting that parasite abundance models may best describe the host factors influencing parasitization. Models for parasites with a direct life cycle yielded higher ED values than those for indirect life cycle ones. As a general trend, host individual factors explained the largest proportion of the ED, followed by host environmental factors and, finally, the interaction between host environmental and individual factors. Similar hierarchies were found for parasite prevalence, abundance, and species richness. Individual factors comprised the most relevant group of explanatory variables for both types of parasites. However, host environmental factors were also relevant in models for indirect life-cycle parasites. These findings are consistent with the idea of the host as the main habitat of the parasite; whereas, for indirect life-cycle parasites, transmission would be also modulated by environmental conditions. We suggest that parasitization can be used not only as an indicator of individual fitness but also as an indicator of environmental quality for the host. This research underlines the importance of monitoring parasite rates together with environmental, population, and host factors.
|
['Animals', 'Ecosystem', 'Environment', 'Europe', 'Female', 'Geography', 'Hares', 'Host-Parasite Interactions', 'Life Cycle Stages', 'Male', 'Models, Biological', 'Parasites', 'Population Density', 'Seasons', 'Spain']
| 19,565,211
|
[['B01.050'], ['G16.500.275.157', 'N06.230.124'], ['G16.500.275', 'N06.230'], ['Z01.542'], ['H01.277.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.968.400'], ['G16.527.200.400'], ['B05.500', 'G07.345.500.550.500'], ['E05.599.395'], ['B01.050.500.714'], ['N01.224.600', 'N06.850.505.400.600'], ['G01.910.645.661', 'G16.500.275.071.590', 'N06.230.300.100.250.525'], ['Z01.542.846']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
E2F in vivo binding specificity: comparison of consensus versus nonconsensus binding sites.
|
We have previously shown that most sites bound by E2F family members in vivo do not contain E2F consensus motifs. However, differences between in vivo target sites that contain or lack a consensus E2F motif have not been explored. To understand how E2F binding specificity is achieved in vivo, we have addressed how E2F family members are recruited to core promoter regions that lack a consensus motif and are excluded from other regions that contain a consensus motif. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation coupled with DNA microarray analysis (ChIP-chip) assays, we have shown that the predominant factors specifying whether E2F is recruited to an in vivo binding site are (1) the site must be in a core promoter and (2) the region must be utilized as a promoter in that cell type. We have tested three models for recruitment of E2F to core promoters lacking a consensus site, including (1) indirect recruitment, (2) looping to the core promoter mediated by an E2F bound to a distal motif, and (3) assisted binding of E2F to a site that weakly resembles an E2F motif. To test these models, we developed a new in vivo assay, termed eChIP, which allows analysis of transcription factor binding to isolated fragments. Our findings suggest that in vivo (1) a consensus motif is not sufficient to recruit E2Fs, (2) E2Fs can bind to isolated regions that lack a consensus motif, and (3) binding can require regions other than the best match to the E2F motif.
|
['3T3 Cells', 'Animals', 'Base Sequence', 'Binding Sites', 'Cell Line', 'Chromatin Immunoprecipitation', 'Consensus Sequence', 'DNA', 'E2F Transcription Factors', 'E2F1 Transcription Factor', 'E2F4 Transcription Factor', 'HeLa Cells', 'Humans', 'Mice', 'Models, Biological', 'Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis', 'Plasmids', 'Promoter Regions, Genetic', 'Protein Binding', 'Protein Structure, Tertiary']
| 18,836,037
|
[['A11.251.210.100', 'A11.329.228.100'], ['B01.050'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['G02.111.570.120'], ['A11.251.210'], ['E05.393.170', 'E05.478.605.160'], ['G02.111.570.580.175'], ['D13.444.308'], ['D12.776.930.211'], ['D12.644.360.024.328.049', 'D12.776.157.057.158.049', 'D12.776.476.024.420.049', 'D12.776.660.769.049', 'D12.776.930.211.500'], ['D12.776.930.211.812'], ['A11.251.210.190.400', 'A11.251.860.180.400', 'A11.436.340'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['E05.599.395'], ['E05.393.661.640', 'E05.393.760.640', 'E05.588.570.660', 'E05.601.640'], ['G05.360.600'], ['G02.111.570.080.689.675', 'G05.360.080.689.675', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.750.680'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808'], ['G02.111.570.820.709.610']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Genetic and phenotypic overlap of specific obsessive-compulsive and attention-deficit/hyperactive subtypes with Tourette syndrome.
|
BACKGROUND: The unique phenotypic and genetic aspects of obsessive-compulsive (OCD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) among individuals with Tourette syndrome (TS) are not well characterized. Here, we examine symptom patterns and heritability of OCD and ADHD in TS families.METHOD: OCD and ADHD symptom patterns were examined in TS patients and their family members (N = 3494) using exploratory factor analyses (EFA) for OCD and ADHD symptoms separately, followed by latent class analyses (LCA) of the resulting OCD and ADHD factor sum scores jointly; heritability and clinical relevance of the resulting factors and classes were assessed.RESULTS: EFA yielded a 2-factor model for ADHD and an 8-factor model for OCD. Both ADHD factors (inattentive and hyperactive/impulsive symptoms) were genetically related to TS, ADHD, and OCD. The doubts, contamination, need for sameness, and superstitions factors were genetically related to OCD, but not ADHD or TS; symmetry/exactness and fear-of-harm were associated with TS and OCD while hoarding was associated with ADHD and OCD. In contrast, aggressive urges were genetically associated with TS, OCD, and ADHD. LCA revealed a three-class solution: few OCD/ADHD symptoms (LC1), OCD & ADHD symptoms (LC2), and symmetry/exactness, hoarding, and ADHD symptoms (LC3). LC2 had the highest psychiatric comorbidity rates (?50% for all disorders).CONCLUSIONS: Symmetry/exactness, aggressive urges, fear-of-harm, and hoarding show complex genetic relationships with TS, OCD, and ADHD, and, rather than being specific subtypes of OCD, transcend traditional diagnostic boundaries, perhaps representing an underlying vulnerability (e.g. failure of top-down cognitive control) common to all three disorders.
|
['Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity', 'Family', 'Humans', 'Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder', 'Phenotype', 'Tourette Syndrome']
| 28,651,666
|
[['F03.625.094.150'], ['F01.829.263', 'I01.880.853.150'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F03.080.600'], ['G05.695'], ['C10.228.140.079.898', 'C10.228.662.825.800', 'C10.574.500.850', 'C16.320.400.820', 'F03.625.992.850']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Relationship between metabolic syndrome (MS) and coronary heart disease (CHD) in an aged group.
|
Our study aimed at investigating the relationship between metabolic syndrome (MS) and coronary heart disease (CHD) in aged patients, including 125 patients (age> or =60 years). Of them 78 cases belonged to the CHD group, which were subdivided into the CHD-MS group (38 cases) and the simple CHD group (40 cases); the other 47 patients without CHD belonged to the non-CHD group, which were subdivided again into the MS group (11 cases) and the control group (36 cases). Body mass index (BMI), blood lipids, blood uric acid, plasma fibrinogen, blood glucose and blood pressure of every patient were detected. The anatomy of coronary vessels was analyzed by selective coronary angiography to evaluate the relationship between MS and CHD. We found that the prevalence of MS in CHD group was significantly higher as compared to the groups not suffering from CHD (p<0.01). The CHD-MS group showed a higher prevalence of multivessel disease (p<0.05), unstable lesions (p<0.05) and needed more revascularization procedures (p<0.05) than the simple CHD group. The prevalence of CHD and the number of blocked coronary vessels were directly correlated with MS by Spearman correlation analysis (r=0.225, p<0.05; r=0.361, p<0.01). Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that both the risk of having future CHD and the number of blocked coronary vessels were directly correlated with MS (p<0.01; p<0.01), suggesting that MS can predict the prevalence and extent of future CHD in the elderly.
|
['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Body Mass Index', 'Cohort Studies', 'Coronary Angiography', 'Coronary Artery Disease', 'Coronary Disease', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hyperglycemia', 'Hypertension', 'Male', 'Metabolic Syndrome', 'Middle Aged', 'Statistics as Topic', 'Triglycerides']
| 17,482,687
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.125', 'E05.041.124.125', 'G07.100.100.125', 'N06.850.505.200.100.175'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['E01.370.350.130.625', 'E01.370.350.700.060.200', 'E01.370.370.050.200', 'E01.370.370.380.200'], ['C14.280.647.250.260', 'C14.907.137.126.339', 'C14.907.585.250.260'], ['C14.280.647.250', 'C14.907.585.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C18.452.394.952'], ['C14.907.489'], ['C18.452.394.968.500.570', 'C18.452.625'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.740', 'H01.548.832', 'N05.715.360.750', 'N06.850.520.830'], ['D10.351.801']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Autapses and networks of hippocampal neurons exhibit distinct synaptic transmission phenotypes in the absence of synaptotagmin I.
|
Synaptotagmin-I (syt-I) is required for rapid neurotransmitter release in mouse hippocampal neurons. However, contradictory results have been reported regarding evoked and spontaneous secretion from syt-I knock-out (KO) neurons. Here, we compared synaptic transmission in two different hippocampal neuron preparations: autaptic cultures in which a single isolated cell innervates itself, and dissociated mass cultures in which individual cells are innervated by neighboring cells. In autaptic cultures, the total extent of evoked release, size of readily releasable pool of synaptic vesicles, and release probability were unchanged in syt-I KO neurons. In contrast, in cultures containing multiple interconnected neurons, total evoked release, the number of docked vesicles, and release probability, were significantly reduced in syt-I KO neurons. Using a micronetwork system in which we varied the number of cells on an island, we found that the frequency of spontaneous synaptic vesicle fusion events (minis) was unchanged in syt-I KO neurons when two or fewer cells were present on an island. However, in micronetworks composed of three or more neurons, mini frequency was increased threefold to fivefold in syt-I KO neurons compared with wild type. Moreover, interneuronal synapses exhibited higher rates of spontaneous release than autaptic synapses. This higher rate was attributable to an increase in release probability because excitatory hippocampal neurons in micronetworks formed a set number of synapses per cell regardless of the number of connected neurons. Thus, aspects of synaptic transmission differ between autaptic and dissociated cultures, and the synaptic transmission phenotype, resulting from loss of syt-I, is dictated by the connectivity of neurons.
|
['6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione', 'Animals', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Electron Microscope Tomography', 'Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists', 'Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials', 'Glutamic Acid', 'Hippocampus', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Mice', 'Mice, Knockout', 'Microscopy, Electron', 'Neurons', 'Patch-Clamp Techniques', 'Probability', 'Synapses', 'Synaptic Transmission', 'Synaptic Vesicles', 'Synaptotagmin I']
| 19,515,907
|
[['D03.633.100.857.160'], ['B01.050'], ['A11.251'], ['E01.370.350.825.249', 'E05.595.402.580.239'], ['D27.505.519.625.190.300', 'D27.505.696.577.190.300'], ['G04.580.887.249', 'G07.265.675.887.249', 'G07.265.880.750.199', 'G11.561.570.918.249', 'G11.561.830.750.199'], ['D12.125.067.625.349', 'D12.125.119.409.349', 'D12.125.427.300'], ['A08.186.211.180.405', 'A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.345'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.136.500.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.455', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800.500'], ['E01.370.350.515.402', 'E05.595.402'], ['A08.675', 'A11.671'], ['E05.200.500.905', 'E05.242.800'], ['E05.318.740.600', 'G17.680', 'N05.715.360.750.625', 'N06.850.520.830.600'], ['A08.850', 'A11.284.149.165.420.780'], ['G02.111.820.850', 'G04.835.850', 'G07.265.880', 'G11.561.830'], ['A08.850.840', 'A11.284.430.214.190.875.190.880.830'], ['D12.776.157.125.825.249', 'D12.776.543.990.850.249']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Method for distinguishing specific from nonspecific protein-ligand complexes in nanoelectrospray ionization mass spectrometry.
|
A new methodology for distinguishing between specific and nonspecific protein-ligand complexes in nanoelectrospray ionization mass spectrometry (nanoES-MS) is described. The method involves the addition of an appropriate reference protein (P(ref)), which does not bind specifically to any of the solution components, to the nanoES solution containing the protein(s) and ligand(s) of interest. The occurrence of nonspecific protein-ligand binding is monitored by the appearance of nonspecific (P(ref) + ligand) complexes in the nanoES mass spectrum. Furthermore, the fraction of P(ref) undergoing nonspecific ligand binding provides a quantitative measure of the contribution of nonspecific binding to the measured intensities of protein and specific protein-ligand complexes. As a result, errors introduced into protein-ligand association constants, K(assoc), as determined with nanoES-MS, by nonspecific ligand binding can be corrected. The principal assumptions on which this methodology is based, namely, that the fraction of proteins and protein complexes that engage in nonspecific ligand binding during the nanoES process is determined by the number of free ligand molecules in the offspring droplets leading to gaseous ions and is independent of the size and structure of the protein or protein complex, are shown to be generally valid. The application of the method for the determination of K(assoc) for two protein-carbohydrate complexes, under conditions where nonspecific ligand binding is prevalent, is demonstrated.
|
['Binding Sites', 'Carbohydrate Conformation', 'Carbohydrate Sequence', 'Carbohydrates', 'Ligands', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Nanotechnology', 'Proteins', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization']
| 16,642,987
|
[['G02.111.570.120'], ['G02.111.570.820.235'], ['G02.111.570.160', 'L01.453.245.667.160'], ['D09'], ['D27.720.470.480'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['H01.603', 'J01.897.520.600'], ['D12.776'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['E05.196.566.600']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Phage adsorption and lytic propagation in Lactobacillus plantarum: could host cell starvation affect them?
|
BACKGROUND: Bacteriophages constitute a great threat to the activity of lactic acid bacteria used in industrial processes. Several factors can influence the infection cycle of bacteriophages. That is the case of the physiological state of host cells, which could produce inhibition or delay of the phage infection process. In the present work, the influence of Lactobacillus plantarum host cell starvation on phage B1 adsorption and propagation was investigated.RESULT: First, cell growth kinetics of L. plantarum ATCC 8014 were determined in MRS, limiting carbon (S-N), limiting nitrogen (S-C) and limiting carbon/nitrogen (S) broth. L. plantarum ATCC 8014 strain showed reduced growth rate under starvation conditions in comparison to the one obtained in MRS broth. Adsorption efficiencies of > 99 % were observed on the starved L. plantarum ATCC 8014 cells. Finally, the influence of cell starvation conditions in phage propagation was investigated through one-step growth curves. In this regard, production of phage progeny was studied when phage infection began before or after cell starvation. When bacterial cells were starved after phage infection, phage B1 was able to propagate in L. plantarum ATCC 8014 strain in a medium devoid of carbon source (S-N) but not when nitrogen (S-C broth) or nitrogen/carbon (S broth) sources were removed. However, addition of nitrogen and carbon/nitrogen compounds to starved infected cells caused the restoration of phage production. When bacterial cells were starved before phage infection, phage B1 propagated in either nitrogen or nitrogen/carbon starved cells only when the favorable conditions of culture (MRS) were used as a propagation medium. Regarding carbon starved cells, phage propagation in either MRS or S-N broth was evidenced.CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrated that phage B1 could propagate in host cells even in unfavorable culture conditions, becoming a hazardous source of phages that could disseminate to industrial environments.
|
['Adsorption', 'Bacillus Phages', 'Carbon', 'Culture Media', 'Kinetics', 'Lactobacillus plantarum', 'Nitrogen']
| 26,627,203
|
[['G01.030', 'G02.020'], ['B04.123.100'], ['D01.268.150'], ['D27.720.470.305', 'E07.206'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['B03.353.750.450.475.612', 'B03.510.460.400.410.475.475.612', 'B03.510.550.450.475.612'], ['D01.268.604', 'D01.362.625']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Serum levels of steroid and placental protein hormones in ectopic pregnancy.
|
UNLABELLED: The hormonal profiles of extra-uterine pregnancies (EP) were compared with the normal intra-uterine pregnancies (IUP), and threatened abortions (TA) of good outcome. In 45 cases of EP confirmed histologically, maternal serum human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), pregnancy specific beta 1-glycoprotein (SP1), 17 beta-estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P) were measured serially before treatment by enzyme immunoassays (EIA). The same hormones were also determined in the control groups, 26 with normal IUP and 24 with TA. All four hormone levels in EP were significantly lower (P less than 0.01-P less than 0.0001) than in normal pregnancies and threatened abortions of matched gestational age except the hCG and E2 in the fifth week of pregnancy. The mean values of E2 and P were found in the normal levels of luteal phase or slightly over them (8th-9th and 9th-10th weeks, respectively). No increase in the hormonal profiles of the above two steroids was noticed between 5 and 10 weeks' gestation in EP.IN CONCLUSION: (a) The significantly lower values of hCG and SP1 in EP were confirmed; (b) the serial and concurrent hormonal measurements assure the verification of EP and the differentiation from normal IUP and TA of good outcome; (c) the ectopic implantation of trophoblast critically reduces its vitability to hCG and SP1 synthesis and it can only partially compensate for the reduction of corpus luteum function.
|
['Abortion, Threatened', 'Chorionic Gonadotropin', 'Estradiol', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Pregnancy', 'Pregnancy Proteins', 'Pregnancy, Ectopic', 'Pregnancy-Specific beta 1-Glycoproteins', 'Progesterone', 'Steroids']
| 2,050,251
|
[['C13.703.090'], ['D06.472.699.322.326', 'D06.472.699.649.367', 'D12.644.548.726.367', 'D12.776.780.400'], ['D04.210.500.365.415.248', 'D06.472.334.851.437.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['D12.776.780'], ['C13.703.733'], ['D12.776.780.730'], ['D04.210.500.745.745.654.829', 'D06.472.334.734.623', 'D06.472.334.851.687.750'], ['D04.210.500']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Regular exercise limits alcohol effects on trabecular, cortical thickness and porosity, and osteocyte apoptosis in the rat.
|
INTRODUCTION: Excessive alcohol consumption is known to be a cause of secondary osteoporosis whereas physical activity is recommended in prevention of osteoporosis. This study was designed to analyze the effects of physical exercise on bone parameters in chronic alcohol-fed rats.METHODS: Forty-eight male Wistar rats were divided in four groups: Control (C), Alcohol (A), Exercise (E) and Alcohol+Exercise (AE). A and AE groups drank a solution composed of ethanol and water (35% volume/volume for 17 weeks). E and AE groups were submitted to treadmill training for 14 weeks (60 min/day, 5 times/week). Bone mineral density (BMD) was assessed by DXA, the trabecular and cortical microarchitectural parameters by microCT and serum osteocalcin, NTx and leptin concentrations by ELISA assays. Bone mechanical parameters were evaluated through mechanical testing. Osteocyte apoptosis was analyzed with cleaved caspase-3 immunostaining.RESULTS: Alcohol-fed rats had significantly lower body weight (-28%), fat (-46%) and lean mass (-25%) compared to controls. BMD (-8%), trabecular (-12%) and cortical thickness (-27%) were significantly lower with alcohol whereas porosity (+38%) and pore number (+42%) were higher. Exercise combined with alcohol prevented lower Tb.Th (+20%), Ct.Th (+30%), stress (+26%) and higher Ct.Po (-24%) and osteocyte apoptosis (-91%) compared to A. However, WB BMD (-4%) and femur BMD were still lower in AE versus C.CONCLUSION: Regular physical activity has beneficial effects on some microarchitectural parameters in alcohol-fed rats. However, regular treadmill exercise does not compensate for the effects of heavy chronic alcohol consumption on whole body bone density.
|
['Alcoholic Beverages', 'Animals', 'Apoptosis', 'Bone Density', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Ethanol', 'Femur', 'Male', 'Motor Activity', 'Osteocytes', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar']
| 23,380,443
|
[['G07.203.100.100', 'J02.200.100'], ['B01.050'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['G11.427.100'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['D02.033.375'], ['A02.835.232.043.150'], ['F01.145.632', 'G11.427.410.698'], ['A11.329.629.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Occupational impairment and disability among applicants for Social Security disability benefits in Pennsylvania.
|
OBJECTIVE: The study goal was to assess the extent of workplace-related disease and injury among Social Security Disability Insurance applicants.METHODS: A convenience sample of 240 consecutive applicants to the Pennsylvania Bureau of Disability Determination was studied to assess the prevalence of work-related disorders. An applicant had a work-related condition if there was a clear statement of a workplace illness or injury associated with the impairment, or if the applicant had worked at an occupation with a high likelihood of exposures known or suspected to contribute to the condition of interest.RESULTS: Of the 240 applicants, 166 (69%) were awarded disability insurance benefits; a total of 27 (11%) had work-related conditions, including 14 of the 166 (8%) who were found to be disabled. Forty percent of the 27 had a disorder that was musculoskeletal in origin. Of 59 applicants with cancer, 10.2% had some work-related etiological component. Of an estimated 71,680 adult disability insurance applicants in Pennsylvania in 1990, 5134 new insurance beneficiaries had a projected occupationally related disability.CONCLUSIONS: A substantial number of applicants for disability insurance benefits suffer from an impairment caused or exacerbated by prior workplace exposures. These individuals may serve as sentinel events for initiating follow-up surveillance and prevention activities.
|
['Accidents, Occupational', 'Disability Evaluation', 'Disabled Persons', 'Humans', 'Insurance Claim Review', 'Occupational Diseases', 'Occupations', 'Pennsylvania', 'Population Surveillance', 'Prevalence', 'Sampling Studies', 'Social Security', 'Wounds and Injuries']
| 7,977,918
|
[['N06.850.135.240'], ['E01.370.400'], ['M01.150'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N03.219.521.576.215'], ['C24'], ['N01.824.547'], ['Z01.107.567.875.075.550', 'Z01.107.567.875.350.550', 'Z01.107.567.875.500.550'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.700', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.625', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.700', 'N06.850.780.675'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['E05.318.372.875', 'N05.715.360.330.875', 'N06.850.520.450.875'], ['N03.219.521.346.506.849', 'N03.219.521.576.823'], ['C26']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Antibiotic Resistance Patterns and Molecular Characterization of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus
|
The escalating burden of infections attributable to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in East African countries is calling for interventional strategies to control the spread of this strain. The present study aimed at determining the prevalence, antimicrobial profiles, and staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) typing of MRSA strains. This was a cross-sectional laboratory-based study involving 226 non-duplicated S. aureus isolates from different clinical samples of patients attending a referral hospital in Kigali. Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method was used for drug susceptibility testing. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus were confirmed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for the mecA gene and SCCmec type PCR assay was used for genotyping. Of 138 S. aureus, 39 (31.2%) were found to be MRSA strains. The mean age of the patients was 21.9 years. The incidence of MRSA increases with age and was 27.1% in patient age group younger than 18 years, 33.3% in the age group between 19 and 65 years, and 66.7% in patient age group older than 65 years. There was a significant association between geographic regions and incidence of MRSA (P = 0.02) with the high MRSA isolates from Northern (61.5%) and Western (50%) provinces. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus strains were found to be mostly susceptible to linezolid (93.5%). Among the MRSA strains, SCCmec type I and SCCmec type IV were the most prevalent at 56.4% and 17.9%, respectively. A high prevalence of MRSA was found in Rwanda. Staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec type I (52.2%) was the most predominant. A continuous surveillance of MRSA strains, particularly in the hospital settings, should be an enduring exercise in Rwanda.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Age Factors', 'Aged', 'Anti-Bacterial Agents', 'Bacterial Proteins', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial', 'Female', 'Genotype', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Male', 'Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus', 'Microbial Sensitivity Tests', 'Middle Aged', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Prevalence', 'Rwanda', 'Staphylococcal Infections', 'Young Adult']
| 30,203,738
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D27.505.954.122.085'], ['D12.776.097'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['G06.099.225.812', 'G06.225.347.812', 'G07.690.773.984.269.347.812', 'G07.690.773.984.300.500'], ['G05.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['B03.300.390.400.800.750.100.500', 'B03.353.500.750.750.100.500', 'B03.510.100.750.750.100.500', 'B03.510.400.790.750.100.500'], ['E01.370.225.875.595', 'E05.200.875.595', 'E05.337.550.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.393.620.500'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['Z01.058.290.120.680'], ['C01.150.252.410.868'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Effects of dietary fish protein, soybean protein and casein on cholesterol turnover in rats.
|
The effects of dietary fish, soybean protein and casein on cholesterol turnover were compared in rats. After the injection of [14C]cholesterol into the rats, the specific activities of radioactive cholesterol in feces were followed for 4 weeks. The cholesterol half-lives calculated from the decay curves of the specific activities were 14.7 and 14.6 days in rats fed fish protein and soybean protein, respectively. These were shorter than the half-life (17.4 days) in casein-fed controls. The fish and the soybean protein feedings significantly increased the fecal excretions of cholesterol and coprostanol, respectively, and lowered the plasma cholesterol level, as compared with casein feeding. In addition, both fish and soybean protein feedings also increased the excretion of bile acids. The stimulation of cholesterol metabolism and the increased excretions of cholesterol and its metabolites by feeding fish or soybean protein appear to play important roles in the hypocholesterolemic effects.
|
['Animals', 'Caseins', 'Cholesterol', 'Diet', 'Dietary Proteins', 'Feces', 'Fish Products', 'Lipid Metabolism', 'Liver', 'Male', 'Nitrogen', 'Plant Proteins, Dietary', 'Plasma', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Strains', 'Soybean Proteins', 'Trypsin Inhibitors']
| 4,067,670
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.776.256.159.750.207', 'D12.776.744.150'], ['D04.210.500.247.222.284', 'D04.210.500.247.808.197', 'D10.570.938.208'], ['G07.203.650.240'], ['D12.776.256', 'G07.203.300.428', 'J02.500.428'], ['A12.459'], ['G07.203.300.600.875.400', 'J02.500.600.875.400'], ['G03.458'], ['A03.620'], ['D01.268.604', 'D01.362.625'], ['D12.776.256.920', 'D12.776.765.836', 'G07.203.300.428.920', 'J02.500.428.920'], ['A12.207.152.693', 'A12.207.270.695', 'A15.145.693'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400'], ['D12.776.765.741', 'G07.203.300.428.920.750', 'G07.203.300.850.450.500.750', 'J02.500.428.920.750', 'J02.500.850.800.500.750'], ['D27.505.519.389.745.800.900']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Serotypes of pneumococci in pneumonia, meningitis and other pneumococcal infections.
|
During a five-year period, 1965 to 1969 inclusive, pneumococci from 294 patients with acute pneumococcal infections were serotyped. Pneumococci of 33 serotypes were encountered, of which types 3 and 19 were most frequent. The spectrum of infections included pneumonia, meningitis, peritonitis, otitis media and mastoiditis, wound infection and conjuctivitis. At least 17 infections were fatal, all of which, with one exception, occurred either in infants or in adults over 50 years of age. In pneumonia, type 3 pneumococcus was predominant, being isolated from 21 of 101 patients. In 67 cases of pneumococcal meningitis, most of which were in children, the commonest type was 14. If a pneumococcal vaccine is produced for use in Australia, inclusion of serotypes 1, 3, 4, 6, 9, 14, 19 and 23 should be considered. These eight types caused 52% of the cases of pneumonia and 67% of the cases of meningitis in this study.
|
['Acute Disease', 'Adult', 'Australia', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Meningitis, Pneumococcal', 'Middle Aged', 'Pneumococcal Infections', 'Pneumonia, Pneumococcal', 'Serotyping', 'Streptococcus pneumoniae']
| 20,874
|
[['C23.550.291.125'], ['M01.060.116'], ['Z01.639.100', 'Z01.678.100.373'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['C01.150.252.223.500.875', 'C01.150.252.410.890.670.595', 'C01.207.180.500.875', 'C10.228.228.180.500.875', 'C10.228.614.280.560'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C01.150.252.410.890.670'], ['C01.150.252.410.890.670.750', 'C01.150.252.620.550', 'C01.748.610.540.550', 'C08.381.677.540.550', 'C08.730.610.540.550'], ['E01.370.225.812.742', 'E01.370.225.875.150.125.890', 'E05.200.812.742', 'E05.200.875.150.125.890', 'E05.478.594.780'], ['B03.353.750.737.872.550', 'B03.510.400.800.872.550', 'B03.510.550.737.872.550']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
|
Association between sleep and overweight/obesity among women of childbearing age in Canada.
|
OBJECTIVES: Tests of the relationship between sleep and overweight/obesity (OW/OB) among women have been inconsistent. Few studies reporting such associations have focused on women of childbearing age. This paper investigates this association among Canadian women of childbearing age.METHODS: Data were from the Canadian Community Health Survey 2011-2014. The sample consisted of women aged 18-44 years. All variables were self-reported. Sleep duration was dichotomized as insufficient (< 7 h/night) or adequate (? 7 h/night). A composite score of sleep quality was used and dichotomized as poor none/little of the time or some/most/all of the time. Height and weight were used to calculate body mass index. Associations between sleep and OW/OB were assessed using logistic regression analyses with survey weights. Three models were computed for sleep duration/quality: model without covariates, model adjusted for demographics (age, ethnicity, level of education, household income, marital status, employment, parity, region, and season), and model adjusted for demographics and variables associated with OW/OB (mood disorder, fruit and vegetable intake, physical activity, smoking, and alcohol).RESULTS: Total sample consisted of 9749 women of childbearing age. Thirty-eight percent had insufficient sleep duration. Sleep duration was significantly associated with OW/OB in the model with no covariates and discriminated 52.8% of women of childbearing age, but this association was no longer significant in the models adjusted for covariates. Sleep quality was not significantly linked to OW/OB in any of the models.CONCLUSION: Targeting sleep alone would likely not contribute to lower risk of OW/OB among Canadian women of childbearing age. Additional studies, especially longitudinal ones, are needed to confirm these findings.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Canada', 'Female', 'Health Surveys', 'Humans', 'Obesity', 'Overweight', 'Pregnancy', 'Risk Factors', 'Self Report', 'Sleep', 'Time Factors', 'Young Adult']
| 29,981,080
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['Z01.107.567.176'], ['E05.318.308.980.438', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C18.654.726.500', 'C23.888.144.699.500', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120.699.500', 'G07.100.100.160.120.699.500'], ['C23.888.144.699', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120.699', 'G07.100.100.160.120.699'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['E05.318.308.980.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.500'], ['F02.830.855', 'G11.561.803'], ['G01.910.857'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
In situ inflammasome activation results in severe damage to the central nervous system in fatal Zika virus microcephaly cases.
|
Zika virus (ZIKV) has caused substantial concern worldwide owing to its association with severe birth defects, such as microcephaly and other congenital malformations. Inflammasomes, i.e., multi-protein complexes that induce inflammation and pyroptosis, are predicted to contribute to the immune response to this flavivirus. Accordingly, in this study, the in situ inflammasome response was evaluated in fatal cases of ZIKV-linked microcephaly. Brain tissue samples were collected from eight babies, including four ZIKV-positive microcephalic neonates who died after birth and four flavivirus-negative neonatal controls who died of other causes and whose central nervous system (CNS) architecture was preserved. In the ZIKV-positive newborn/stillbirth babies, the major histopathological alterations included atrophy of the cortical layer, a predominance of mononuclear cell infiltration in the Virchow-Robin space, neuronal necrosis, vacuolization and neuronal degeneration, neuronophagy, and gliosis. An immunohistochemical analysis of tissues in the neural parenchyma showed significantly higher expression of the receptors NLRP1, NLRP3, and AIM2, cytokines IL-1â, IL-18, and IL-33, and enzymes caspase 1, iNOS, and arginase 1 in ZIKV-positive microcephaly cases than in flavivirus-negative controls. These results suggest that inflammasome activation can aggravate the neuroinflammatory response and consequently increase CNS damage in neonates with fetal neural ZIKV infection and microcephaly.
|
['Brain', 'Central Nervous System', 'Cytokines', 'Female', 'Fetus', 'Humans', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Inflammasomes', 'Male', 'Microcephaly', 'Pregnancy', 'Pregnancy Complications, Infectious', 'Zika Virus', 'Zika Virus Infection']
| 30,199,767
|
[['A08.186.211'], ['A08.186'], ['D12.644.276.374', 'D12.776.467.374', 'D23.529.374'], ['A16.378'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['D05.500.224'], ['C05.660.207.620', 'C10.500.507.400.500', 'C16.131.621.207.620', 'C16.131.666.507.400.500'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['C01.674', 'C13.703.700'], ['B04.820.578.344.350.995'], ['C01.920.500.990', 'C01.925.081.990', 'C01.925.782.350.250.990']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Short course adjuvant terlipressin in acute variceal bleeding: a randomized double blind dummy controlled trial.
|
BACKGROUND & AIMS: Terlipressin is recommended for 3-5 days as adjuvant to endoscopic variceal band ligation (EVBL) in esophageal variceal bleeding (EVB). We assessed whether terlipressin can be administered for a shorter period of time to patients with EVB.METHODS: All eligible EVB patients received 24h of open label terlipressin at presentation. After successful EVBL, patients were randomized to receive active or dummy terlipressin for the next 48 h. We excluded patients with failure to achieve initial hemostasis, bleeding gastric varices, known hepatoma, and/or portal vein thrombosis, advanced cirrhosis (Child-Pugh score ?12), and patients on a ventilator. The primary outcome was failure to control EVB. The secondary outcomes were 30-day mortality; re-bleeding and composite outcome of failure to control EVB.RESULTS: A total of 130 eligible patients were randomized to receive terlipressin for a total of 24 (short course or SC) or 72 h (usual course or UC). Baseline patient characteristics were comparable; the majority of patients were HCV-infected and male. There was one failure to control EVB (1.5%) in UC and none in SC terlipressin (p=0.50). The 30-day re-bleeding rate was 1.5% and 3.1% in UC, and SC terlipressin, respectively (p=0.50). The 30-day mortality was 12, 6 (9.2%) patients in each group (p=0.50). The 30-day failure to control bleeding was observed in 14 patients; seven in each group (p=0.494).CONCLUSIONS: In patients with esophageal variceal bleeding, a 24-h course of terlipressin is as effective as a 72-h course when used as an adjunctive therapy to successful EVBL.
|
['Adult', 'Chemotherapy, Adjuvant', 'Combined Modality Therapy', 'Double-Blind Method', 'Endoscopy, Digestive System', 'Esophageal and Gastric Varices', 'Female', 'Hemorrhage', 'Humans', 'Ligation', 'Lypressin', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Terlipressin', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Vasoconstrictor Agents']
| 22,178,268
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E02.186.170', 'E02.319.170'], ['E02.186'], ['E05.318.370.300', 'E05.581.500.300', 'N05.715.360.325.320', 'N06.850.520.445.300'], ['E01.370.372.250', 'E01.370.388.250.250', 'E04.210.240', 'E04.502.250.250'], ['C06.405.117.240', 'C06.552.494.414'], ['C23.550.414'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E04.426'], ['D06.472.699.631.692.781.400', 'D12.644.400.900.400', 'D12.644.456.925.480', 'D12.644.548.691.692.781.400', 'D12.776.631.650.937.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D06.472.699.631.692.781.400.675', 'D12.644.400.900.400.675', 'D12.644.456.925.480.750', 'D12.644.548.691.692.781.400.675', 'D12.776.631.650.937.400.675'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['D27.505.954.411.793']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Location and properties of dorsal horn neurons at origin of spinoreticular tract in lumbar enlargement of the rat.
|
1. Spinoreticular tract neurons at the rat lumbar cord level were identified by antidromic activation following stimulation at mainly pontine and mesencephalic levels. These units, which were found in the dorsal half of the cord, could be separated into two groups according to their spinal location, electrophysiological properties, and their central projections. 2. Units in the dorsolateral funiculus nucleus projected mainly to the cuneiformis area and adjacent structures with frequent bilateral projections. They had the slowest conduction velocities, sometimes in the unmyelinated range. Generally, they were driven only by stimulation of subcutaneous and/or deep structures. 3. Neurons located in the dorsal horn mainly projected contralaterally to pontine and mesencephalic levels. their conduction velocities and the electrophysiological properties were identical to those observed for the rat spinothalamic tract (22). Almost all (86%) had clear cutaneous sensitivity and generally large receptive fields: 40% responded to nonnoxious and noxious mechanical cutaneous stimuli and frequently to noxious radiant heat, 26% were exclusively excited by light tactile stimuli, and 20% required noxious cutaneous mechanical stimulation for activation. There was a good correlation between responses to natural and transcutaneous electrical stimulation: units driven by noxious mechanical stimuli received A-delta- and/or C-fiber inputs. The remaining units (14%) had more complex receptive fields associated with both excitatory and inhibitory inputs originating from a single peripheral area. 4. The functional heterogeneity of the rat spinoreticular tract is reminiscent of that demonstrated for the rat and monkey spinothalamic tracts. Similarly, the rat spinoreticular neurons are under the influence of descending inhibitory controls originating from the nucleus raphe magnus and bulbar reticular formation. 5. Responses of the rat spinoreticular tract neurons are consistent with the involvement of this pathway in the transmission of messages of both innocuous and noxious origins.
|
['Afferent Pathways', 'Animals', 'Brain Mapping', 'Brain Stem', 'Electrophysiology', 'Evoked Potentials', 'Male', 'Rats', 'Reaction Time', 'Reticular Formation', 'Spinal Cord']
| 7,441,321
|
[['A08.612.220'], ['B01.050'], ['E01.370.350.578.875.500', 'E01.370.376.537.625.500', 'E05.629.875.500'], ['A08.186.211.132'], ['H01.158.344.528', 'H01.158.782.236'], ['G07.265.216.500', 'G11.561.200.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['E05.796.817', 'F02.830.650', 'F04.669.817', 'G11.561.677'], ['A08.186.211.132.772'], ['A08.186.854']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Mechanistic analysis of wheat chlorophyllase.
|
Chlorophyllase catalyzes the initial step in the degradation of chlorophyll and plays a key role in leaf senescence and fruit ripening. Here, we report the cloning of chlorophyllase from Triticum aestivum (wheat) and provide a detailed mechanistic analysis of the enzyme. Purification of recombinant chlorophyllase from an Escherichia coli expression system indicates that the enzyme functions as a dimeric protein. Wheat chlorophyllase hydrolyzed the phytol moiety from chlorophyll (k(cat) = 566 min(-1); K(m) = 63 microM) and was active over a broad temperature range (10-75 degrees C). In addition, the enzyme displays carboxylesterase activity toward p-nitrophenyl (PNP)-butyrate, PNP-decanoate, and PNP-palmitate. The pH-dependence of the reaction showed the involvement of an active site residue with a pK(a) of approximately 6.5 for both k(cat) and k(cat)/K(m) with chlorophyll, PNP-butyrate, and PNP-decanoate. Using these substrates, solvent kinetic isotope effects ranging from 1.5 to 1.9 and from 1.4 to 1.9 on k(cat) and k(cat)/K(m), respectively, were observed. Proton inventory experiments suggest the transfer of a single proton in the rate-limiting step. Our analysis of wheat chlorophyllase indicates that the enzyme uses a charge-relay mechanism similar to other carboxylesterases for catalysis. Understanding the activity and mechanism of chlorophyllase provides insight on the biological and chemical control of senescence in plants and lays the groundwork for biotechnological improvement of this enzyme.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Biochemistry', 'Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases', 'Catalysis', 'Chlorophyll', 'Cloning, Molecular', 'Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel', 'Escherichia coli', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Hydrolases', 'Kinetics', 'Models, Chemical', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Protons', 'Sequence Homology, Amino Acid', 'Solvents', 'Temperature', 'Thermodynamics', 'Time Factors', 'Triticum']
| 15,913,540
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['H01.158.201', 'H01.181.122'], ['D08.811.277.352.100'], ['G02.130'], ['D03.383.129.578.840.374', 'D03.633.400.909.374', 'D04.345.783.374'], ['E05.393.220'], ['E05.196.401.402', 'E05.301.300.319'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['G02.300'], ['D08.811.277'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['E05.599.495'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['D01.248.497.300.459.700', 'D01.268.406.750', 'D01.362.340.750', 'G01.249.660.500'], ['G02.111.810.200', 'G05.810.200'], ['D27.720.844'], ['G01.906.595', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710', 'G16.500.750.775.710', 'N06.230.150.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710'], ['G01.906'], ['G01.910.857'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.822.918']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Severe meconium aspiration syndrome: case report.
|
This is a case report on severe meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) that resulted in early neonatal death. Antenatal care was provided at a low-cost non-governmental organization (NGO) clinic. First stage of labour lasted for only 2 hours and 45 minutes. There were no foetal heart rate abnormalities that were noted during the first stage of labour. Artificial rupture of membranes was done in second stage of labour. There was no liquor amnii seen but scanty thick old meconium was noted. Delivery was easy. The baby's skin, nails, umbilical cord, placenta and vernix were deeply stained yellow with old meconium. Resuscitation included suction through direct laryngoscopy, nasotracheal intubation with pulmonary toilet, as well as administration of 100% oxygen. The condition of the baby did not improve. A diagnosis of severe MAS with hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE), persistent pulmonary hypertension (PPH), persistent foetal circulation syndrome (PFCS) and meconium chemical pneumonitis was made. The baby was admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) for assisted ventilation and critical care. The condition of the baby continued to deteriorate and demise occurred 18 hours after birth. The pathophysiologic processes of intrauterine meconium release, mechanisms of foetal effects and dilemmas in management are discussed.
|
['Amniotic Fluid', 'Fatal Outcome', 'Humans', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Intensive Care, Neonatal', 'Male', 'Meconium Aspiration Syndrome']
| 17,153,662
|
[['A12.098', 'A16.378.149'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.325', 'N01.224.935.698.201', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.325', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.325'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['E02.760.190.405', 'N02.421.585.190.500'], ['C08.381.520.687', 'C08.618.580', 'C13.703.277.785', 'C16.300.580', 'C16.614.580']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Glibenclamide oral suspension: Suitable and effective in patients with neonatal diabetes.
|
BACKGROUND: Results of genetic have led to off-label glibenclamide treatment in patients with neonatal diabetes (NDM) because of potassium channel mutations. No pediatric form of glibenclamide was available. Glibenclamide was designated an orphan drug designation for NDM and a suspension was developed. As a part of the pediatric plan investigation, we assessed its acceptability, efficiency, and safety.METHODS: In this Phase II, prospective, non-randomized, single-center study, patient received glibenclamide tablets for 1 month then the suspension for 3 months. We assessed acceptability using hedonic scales and patient questionnaires, effectiveness using glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C) assays and safety based on hypo and hyperglycemia, and other adverse events.RESULTS: We included 10 patients (0.1-16.2 years, 6 < 5 years) were included. Younger patients preferred the suspension and older the tablets. All parents were satisfied with the ease of suspension administration. The parents of 5 of 6 younger children preferred the suspension over the tablets and kept it. Switching from tablets to suspension did not affect the excellent metabolic control (median HbA1c change, -0.40%, [-1.3% to 0.5%] P = 0.08). Median frequencies of hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia were less than 5% of routine blood glucose assays and were similar with both dosage forms. Two patients each experienced one episode of hypoglycemia below 35 mg/dL highlighting the need for dosage titration when switching from tablets to suspension. Transient and non-severe abdominal pain or diarrhea occurred in three patients. None of the patients discontinued the treatment.CONCLUSION: The glibenclamide oral suspension Amglidia, the first anti-diabetic drug specifically developed for pediatric patients, is acceptable, effective, and safe in patients with NDM (NCT02375828).CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: Glibentek in Patients with Neonatal Diabetes Secondary to Mutations in K + -ATP Channels, clinicaltrials.gov, NCT02375828, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02375828.
|
['Administration, Oral', 'Adolescent', 'Blood Glucose', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Diabetes Mellitus', 'Female', 'Glyburide', 'Humans', 'Hypoglycemic Agents', 'Infant', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Infant, Newborn, Diseases', 'Male', 'Patient Acceptance of Health Care', 'Suspensions', 'Tablets', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 30,684,309
|
[['E02.319.267.100'], ['M01.060.057'], ['D09.947.875.359.448.500'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['C18.452.394.750', 'C19.246'], ['D02.065.950.828.575', 'D02.886.590.795.575'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D27.505.696.422'], ['M01.060.703'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['C16.614'], ['F01.100.150.750.500', 'F01.145.488.887.500', 'N05.300.150.800.500'], ['D20.280.810', 'D26.255.165.810'], ['D26.255.830'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Arrest of the cell cycle reduces susceptibility of target cells to perforin-mediated lysis.
|
Cytotoxic T lymphocytes secrete a pore-forming cytolysin, perforin, that damages membranes of target cells. They also ligate Fas receptors on target cells and provoke apoptotic death. A20 (B lymphoma) and P815 (mastocytoma) cell lines were examined for their susceptibility to perforin-mediated lysis and to Fas-induced apoptosis after blockade of the cell cycle at the G1/S interface. Cells were arrested at the G1/S interface by inhibition of DNA synthesis with thymidine or aphidicolin. Subsequently, the treated cells were incubated either with CTL cytotoxic granules or the Fas-specific monoclonal antibody Jo-2. We show that arrest of the cell cycle at the G1/S interface markedly reduced the susceptibility of target cells to perforin-mediated lysis. In contrast, growth arrest with thymidine or aphidicolin increased susceptibility of A20 and P815 cells to Fas-mediated apoptosis. Susceptibility to lysis by intact CTLs was not affected significantly by blockade of target cells with aphidicolin or thymidine. When cells surviving exposure to perforin-containing granules were isolated on Ficoll density gradients and cell-cycle profiles were examined by flow cytometry, the ratio of G1 to G2 cells increased among the survivors exposed to granules in contrast to controls incubated with buffer alone. The data suggest that cells in G1 phase of the cell cycle are less susceptible to the perforin pathway than cells in G2 and S phases but are more susceptible to the Fas pathway.
|
['Animals', 'Aphidicolin', 'Apoptosis', 'Cell Cycle', 'Cell Death', 'Cell Line', 'Cytoplasmic Granules', 'Cytotoxicity, Immunologic', 'Lymphoma, B-Cell', 'Mast-Cell Sarcoma', 'Membrane Glycoproteins', 'Mice', 'Perforin', 'Pore Forming Cytotoxic Proteins', 'T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic', 'Thymidine', 'Tumor Cells, Cultured', 'fas Receptor']
| 9,620,169
|
[['B01.050'], ['D02.455.849.291.075'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['G04.144'], ['G04.146'], ['A11.251.210'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.500', 'A11.284.430.214.190.875.190.190'], ['G12.287'], ['C04.557.386.480.150', 'C15.604.515.569.480.150', 'C20.683.515.761.480.150'], ['C04.557.450.565.465.124'], ['D12.776.395.550', 'D12.776.543.550'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['D12.776.543.695.875'], ['D12.776.543.695'], ['A11.118.637.555.283.875', 'A11.118.637.555.567.550.500.200', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.220.200', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.500.200', 'A15.145.229.637.555.283.875', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.550.500.200', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.220.200', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.500.200', 'A15.382.490.555.283.875', 'A15.382.490.555.567.550.500.200', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.220.200', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.500.200'], ['D03.383.742.680.705', 'D13.570.230.855', 'D13.570.685.705'], ['A11.251.860'], ['D12.776.543.750.690.500', 'D12.776.543.750.705.852.760.195']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Analytical identity of an inhibitor of sodium transport isolated from human serum and urine.
|
Inhibitors of sodium transport purified from serum and urine of healthy and uremic subjects show the same elution pattern on columns of a weak anion exchanger (DEAE Sephadex A-25), reverse-phase chromatography (Separon SI C 18) and gel permeation chromatography (Separon Hema 300 Glc). Moreover, their thin-layer chromatographic mobility (DC-Alufolien Cellulose) in nine solvent systems is the same. These identical physicochemical properties document satisfactorily their identity, which permits the use of the urinary inhibitor of sodium transport for structure studies.
|
['Biological Transport', 'Chromatography', 'Humans', 'Sodium', 'Uremia']
| 3,969,186
|
[['G03.143'], ['E05.196.181'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D01.268.549.750', 'D01.268.557.650', 'D01.552.528.850', 'D01.552.547.725'], ['C12.777.419.936', 'C13.351.968.419.936']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Allowing for correlations between correlations in random-effects meta-analysis of correlation matrices.
|
Practical meta-analysis of correlation matrices generally ignores covariances (and hence correlations) between correlation estimates. The authors consider various methods for allowing for covariances, including generalized least squares, maximum marginal likelihood, and Bayesian approaches, illustrated using a 6-dimensional response in a series of psychological studies concerning prediction of exercise behavior change. Quantities of interest include the overall population mean correlation matrix, the contrast between the mean correlations, the predicted correlation matrix in a new study, and the conflict between the existing studies and a new correlation matrix. The authors conclude that accounting for correlations between correlations is unnecessary when interested in individual correlations but potentially important if concerned with a composite measure involving 2 or more correlations. A simulation study indicates the asymptotic normal assumption appears reasonable. Because of potential instability in the generalized least squares methods, they recommend a model-based approach, either the maximum marginal likelihood approach or a full Bayesian analysis.
|
['Bayes Theorem', 'Humans', 'Meta-Analysis as Topic', 'Models, Psychological']
| 18,179,354
|
[['E05.318.740.600.200', 'N05.715.360.750.625.150', 'N06.850.520.830.600.200'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.370.500', 'E05.581.500.501', 'N05.715.360.325.515', 'N06.850.520.445.500'], ['E05.599.695']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Optical diagnosis of cervical cancer by fluorescence spectroscopy technique.
|
In the present work, we examine normal and malignant stage IIIB cervical tissue by laser induced fluorescence, with 2 different objectives. (i) Development of the fluorescence spectroscopy technique as a standard optical method for discrimination of normal and malignant tissue samples and, (ii) Optimization of the technique by the method of matching of a sample spectrum with calibration sets of spectra of pathologically certified samples. Laser-induced fluorescence spectra were measured using samples from 62 subjects at different excitation wavelengths. Principal component analysis (PCA) of spectra and intensity ratios of curve-resolved fluorescence peaks were tested for discrimination. It was found that PCA of total fluorescence at 325 nm excitation gives specificity and sensitivity over 95%. Use of calibration sets of spectra of histo-pathologically certified samples combined with PCA for matching and pass/fail classification of test samples is shown to have high sensitivity/specificity for routine diagnostic purposes as well as for possible staging of the disease. Further, the multi-component origin of the fluorescence spectra is illustrated by curve resolution and fluorescence spectra of separated proteins of tissue homogenates.
|
['Adult', 'Calibration', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Lasers', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasm Staging', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Spectrometry, Fluorescence', 'Uterine Cervical Neoplasms']
| 16,450,394
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E05.978.155'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E07.632.490', 'E07.710.520'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.789.625'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['E05.196.712.516.600.676', 'E05.196.867.726'], ['C04.588.945.418.948.850', 'C13.351.500.852.593.131', 'C13.351.500.852.762.850', 'C13.351.937.418.875.850']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
[Comparison of lung protection for hydrochloric acid or oleic acid induced rat acute respiratory distress syndrome models pretreated with penehyclidine].
|
OBJECTIVE: To compare the lung protection roles of intraperitoneal pre-injection with penehyclidine for two kinds of rat models with pulmonary and extrapulmonary acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDSp and ARDSexp).METHODS: Forty healthy adult Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into five groups (each n = 8): the rats in sham group received only tracheotomy; the ARDS rat models were reproduced by intratracheal inhalation of 0.1 mol/L hydrochloric acid (HCl) 2 mL/kg to simulate ARDSexp (HCl group) and 0.15 mL/kg oleic acid (OA) intravenous injection to simulate ARDSp (OA group) after tracheotomy; and the rats in two intervention groups were intraperitoneal injected with penehyclidine 0.5 mg/kg. All rats were received mechanical ventilation immediately after model reproduction. Carotid arterial blood was collected 4 hours after model reproduction for determining the arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2), and oxygenation index (PaO2/FiO2) was calculated. Carotid venous blood and lung tissues were harvested, and the levels of myeloperoxidase (MPO), interleukin-8 (IL-8) and nuclear factor-êB (NF-êB) in serum and lung tissue were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Pulmonary pathology was observed under optical microscope, and pathological score of Smith was calculated.RESULTS: Under optical microscope, a large number of inflammatory cells infiltration in lung tissue, obvious alveolar collapse, fibrous exudation in alveolar and alveolar hyaline were found in HCl group. In OA group, however, microvascular congestion and interstitial pulmonary edema were the main pathological changes, with alveolar structure being kept relatively intact. Compared with sham group, pathological score of Smith in HCl and OA groups were increased, oxygenation was lowered, and inflammatory factors levels in serum and lung tissue were increased with levels in lung tissue being higher than those in serum, without significant difference between the two models. When pretreated with penehyclidine, however, pathological injury induced by HCl or OA was alleviated, and pathological score of Smith was also decreased as compared with that of corresponding model groups (5.48±1.76 vs. 9.69±2.02, 3.97±2.14 vs. 8.71±2.18, both P < 0.05), PaO2/FiO2 was raised significantly [mmHg (1 mmHg = 0.133 kPa): 323±55 vs. 211±27, 307±56 vs. 207±31, both P < 0.05], the inflammatory factors levels in serum and lung tissue were obviously decreased [MPO (ìg/L): 11.91±1.55 vs. 14.82±1.25, 12.75±1.16 vs. 16.97±2.06 in serum, 25.80±3.36 vs. 35.18±4.01, 24.23±1.24 vs. 33.94±1.43 in lung tissue; IL-8 (ng/L): 358±30 vs. 459±25, 377±38 vs. 427±34 in serum, 736±53 vs. 866±51, 701±53 vs. 809±39 in lung tissue; NF-êB (ng/L): 483±68 vs. 632±73, 514±83 vs. 685±78 in serum, 984±75 vs. 1 217±123, 944±90 vs. 1 163±105 in lung tissue; all P < 0.05]. But all parameters above were similar between the two pretreatment groups (all P > 0.05).CONCLUSIONS: Inflammatory cell infiltration and alveolar collapse mainly happened in HCl induced ARDSp, while pulmonary interstitial edema and hemorrhage was mostly seen in ARDSexp rats induced by OA intravenous injection. There was no significant difference in oxygenation and inflammatory response between the two models of rats. Pre-intraperitoneal injection of penehyclidine equally improved oxygenation state, inhibited lung inflammation response, and reduced lung injury in the two kinds of ARDS, but there was no difference in protective role between two models pretreated with penehyclidine.
|
['Animals', 'Hydrochloric Acid', 'Lung', 'Oleic Acid', 'Quinuclidines', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Respiratory Distress Syndrome']
| 29,764,547
|
[['B01.050'], ['D01.029.260.326', 'D01.210.450'], ['A04.411'], ['D10.251.355.325.600.525'], ['D03.605.687'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['C08.381.840', 'C08.618.840']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Impact of prematurity on language skills at school age.
|
PURPOSE: The existing literature on language outcomes in children born prematurely focuses almost exclusively on standardized test scores rather than discourse-level abilities. The authors of this study looked longitudinally at school-age language outcomes and potential moderating variables for a group of twins born prematurely versus a control group of twins born at full term, analyzing both standardized test results and language sample data from the population-based Western Reserve Reading Project (WRRP; Petrill, Deater-Deckard, Thompson, DeThorne, & Schatschneider, 2006).METHOD: Fifty-seven children born prematurely, at ?32 weeks or <1,500 g, were compared with 57 children born at full term and were matched for age, gender, race, and parental education. Data included discourse-level language samples and standardized test results, collected at average ages 7, 8, and 10 years. The language samples were analyzed to yield a number of semantic and syntactic measures that were consolidated via factor analysis.RESULTS: Regression models showed significant differences between the 2 groups for standardized test results, although the mean score for both groups fell in the normal range. For the discourse-level language measures, however, differences never reached statistical significance. Parental education was significantly associated with improved standardized test scores.CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that in the absence of frank neurological impairment, sophisticated semantic and syntactic skills may be relatively intact in the discourse-level language of children born prematurely. Implications for assessment, particularly the potential role of attention and executive function in standardized testing tasks, are reviewed.
|
['Attention', 'Child', 'Child Development', 'Child Language', 'Executive Function', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Infant, Premature', 'Language Development', 'Longitudinal Studies', 'Male', 'Parents', 'Regression Analysis', 'Semantics', 'Verbal Behavior']
| 24,167,241
|
[['F02.830.104.214'], ['M01.060.406'], ['F01.525.200', 'G07.345.374.750'], ['F01.525.200.310.250'], ['F02.463.217'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['M01.060.703.520.520'], ['F01.525.200.310'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.500'], ['F01.829.263.500.320', 'I01.880.853.150.500.340', 'M01.620'], ['E05.318.740.750', 'N05.715.360.750.695', 'N06.850.520.830.750'], ['L01.559.598.745'], ['F01.145.209.908']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Chemotactic clusters in confined run-and-tumble bacteria: a numerical investigation.
|
We present a simulation study of pattern formation in an ensemble of chemotactic run-and-tumble bacteria, focussing on the effect of spatial confinement, either within traps or inside a maze. These geometries are inspired by previous experiments probing pattern formation in chemotactic strains of E. coli under these conditions. Our main result is that a microscopic model of chemotactic run-and-tumble particles which themselves secrete a chemoattractant is able to reproduce the main experimental observations, namely the formation of bacterial aggregates within traps and in dead ends of a maze. Our simulations also demonstrate that stochasticity plays a key role and leads to a hysteretic response when the chemotactic sensitivity is varied. We compare the results of run-and-tumble particles with simulations performed with a simplified version of the model where the active particles are smooth swimmers which respond to chemotactic gradients by rotating towards the source of chemoattractant. This class of models leads again to aggregation, but with quantitative and qualitative differences in, for instance, the size and shape of clusters.
|
['Escherichia coli', 'Particle Size', 'Surface Properties']
| 24,652,099
|
[['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['G02.712'], ['G02.860']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Digoxigenylated wheat germ agglutinin visualized with alkaline phosphatase-labeled anti-digoxigenin antibodies--a new, sensitive technique with the potential for single and double tracing of neuronal connections.
|
For double tracing experiments, wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) molecules labeled with two different haptens are desirable. In the present report the suitability of digoxigenylated WGA (DIG-WGA) for retrograde tracing was investigated. For this purpose the new tracer was pressure injected into rat brains and the transported DIG-WGA visualized via its digoxigenyl group with an alkaline phosphatase linked anti DIG antibody in permanently stained sections of high quality. With fixatives containing 2.5% glutaraldehyde only few positive cells were found. However, at milder fixation conditions (4% paraformaldehyde, 0.05% glutaraldehyde 0.2% picric acid, 30 min) retrogradely labeled cells were detected with a sensitivity comparable to tetramethylbenzidine protocols for conventional WGA-HRP (horseradish peroxidase) tracing. Preliminary experiments suggest excellent suitability for double labeling.
|
['Alkaline Phosphatase', 'Animals', 'Brain', 'Digoxigenin', 'Horseradish Peroxidase', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Male', 'Neural Pathways', 'Neurons', 'Olfactory Bulb', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Strains', 'Staining and Labeling', 'Wheat Germ Agglutinin-Horseradish Peroxidase Conjugate', 'Wheat Germ Agglutinins']
| 1,708,475
|
[['D08.811.277.352.650.035'], ['B01.050'], ['A08.186.211'], ['D04.210.500.155.580.130.688.350'], ['D08.811.682.732.512'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['A08.612'], ['A08.675', 'A11.671'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.388'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.670', 'E01.370.225.750.600.670', 'E05.200.500.620.670', 'E05.200.750.600.670'], ['D08.811.682.732.512.900', 'D12.776.503.499.968.900', 'D12.776.765.678.968.900'], ['D12.776.503.499.968', 'D12.776.765.678.968']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Electrocardiographic alterations during endosseous implant placement performed with local anesthetic agents.
|
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to analyze electrocardiographic alterations during dental implant surgeries when local anesthetic agents were used.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty implants were placed in 18 healthy patients. An electrocardiogram and Wincardio software were used to gather recordings from 12 static leads every 2 minutes, continuously record coronary artery (D2) derivations, and automatically measure the following electrocardiographic parameters: heart rate, duration and amplitude of the P wave, PR segment duration, ST segment deviation, QRS complex duration, and duration of the RR, QT, and corrected QT (QTc) intervals.RESULTS: Analysis of variance of the values obtained at the different stages showed significant differences (P<.05) for the heart rate and for the duration of the RR and QT intervals. The heart rate increased during the anesthesia, incision, and bone drilling stages, reaching a peak during drilling. Duration of the RR and QT intervals decreased during the incision and drilling stages. Among the electrocardiographic parameters individually assessed, several altered values were found for the duration of the P wave, the QRS complex, and the QT and QTc intervals. Sinusal tachycardia and bradycardia, sinusal arrhythmia, supraventricular extrasystole, ventricular extrasystole, and T-wave inversion were detected.CONCLUSION: Dental implant placement surgery may induce electrocardiographic alterations. The most frequently found arrhythmias were extrasystole and sinusal tachycardia. The anesthesia, incision, and bone drilling stages exhibited the highest heart rate values and the shortest durations of the RR and QT intervals.
|
['Adult', 'Age Factors', 'Anesthetics, Local', 'Arrhythmias, Cardiac', 'Dental Implantation, Endosseous', 'Electrocardiography', 'Epinephrine', 'Heart Conduction System', 'Heart Rate', 'Humans', 'Mepivacaine', 'Middle Aged', 'Stress, Psychological', 'Vasoconstrictor Agents', 'Young Adult']
| 19,587,862
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['D27.505.696.277.100.200', 'D27.505.696.663.850.025', 'D27.505.954.427.210.100.200'], ['C14.280.067', 'C23.550.073'], ['E04.545.550.280.280', 'E04.650.230.500', 'E06.645.550.280.280', 'E06.780.314.310'], ['E01.370.370.380.240', 'E01.370.405.240'], ['D02.033.100.291.310', 'D02.092.063.291.310', 'D02.092.211.215.454', 'D02.092.311.461', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.175.461'], ['A07.541.409'], ['E01.370.600.875.500', 'G09.330.380.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D03.383.621.450'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['F01.145.126.990', 'F02.830.900'], ['D27.505.954.411.793'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
UV damage in DNA promotes nucleosome unwrapping.
|
The association of DNA with histones in chromatin impedes DNA repair enzymes from accessing DNA lesions. Nucleosomes exist in a dynamic equilibrium in which portions of the DNA molecule spontaneously unwrap, transiently exposing buried DNA sites. Thus, nucleosome dynamics in certain regions of chromatin may provide the exposure time and space needed for efficient repair of buried DNA lesions. We have used FRET and restriction enzyme accessibility to study nucleosome dynamics following DNA damage by UV radiation. We find that FRET efficiency is reduced in a dose-dependent manner, showing that the presence of UV photoproducts enhances spontaneous unwrapping of DNA from histones. Furthermore, this UV-induced shift in unwrapping dynamics is associated with increased restriction enzyme accessibility of histone-bound DNA after UV treatment. Surprisingly, the increased unwrapping dynamics is even observed in nucleosome core particles containing a single UV lesion at a specific site. These results highlight the potential for increased "intrinsic exposure" of nucleosome-associated DNA lesions in chromatin to repair proteins.
|
['Animals', 'DNA', 'DNA Damage', 'DNA Repair', 'DNA Restriction Enzymes', 'Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer', 'Histones', 'Nucleosomes', 'Ultraviolet Rays', 'Xenopus laevis']
| 20,562,439
|
[['B01.050'], ['D13.444.308'], ['G05.200'], ['G02.111.222', 'G05.219'], ['D08.811.150.280', 'D08.811.277.352.335.350.300', 'D08.811.277.352.355.325.300'], ['E05.196.712.516.600.676.500', 'G01.154.240.280', 'G02.111.255.280'], ['D12.776.157.687.485', 'D12.776.660.720.485', 'D12.776.664.469'], ['A11.284.430.106.279.345.190.160.180.625', 'D12.776.664.224.550', 'G05.360.160.180.625'], ['G01.358.500.505.650.891', 'G01.590.540.891', 'G01.750.250.650.891', 'G01.750.750.659', 'G01.750.770.578.891', 'G16.500.275.063.725.525.600', 'G16.500.750.775.525.600', 'N06.230.300.100.725.525.600'], ['B01.050.150.900.090.180.610.500.562']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Calcium-mediated coupling between mitochondrial substrate dehydrogenation and cardiac workload in single guinea-pig ventricular myocytes.
|
We measured mitochondrial NADH autofluorescence or Ca(2+) using Rhod-2, simultaneously with cell shortening in isolated guinea-pig ventricular myocytes. When both frequency and amplitude of twitch shortening (work intensity) were increased by raising stimulus frequency in incremental steps from 0.1 to 3.3 Hz, the steady level of NADH signal increased in a frequency-dependent manner. Mitochondrial Ca(2+) also increased with increasing work intensity. Applying Ru360, an inhibitor of mitochondrial Ca(2+) uniporter, largely attenuated the response of both NADH fluorescence and mitochondrial Ca(2+). The increase in mitochondrial Ca(2+) was slow with t(1/2)=~12 s and no obvious cyclic changes were observed in the NADH signal. When a step change from 0.1 to 3.3 Hz stimulation was applied, the NADH signal first decreased to 83% and then increased to 155% of the control level. Upon returning to 0.1 Hz, the NADH signal showed an overshoot before declining to the control level. The biphasic onset time course was well explained by the delayed Ca(2+) activation of the substrate dehydrogenation superimposed on the feedback control of the ATP synthesis, while the offset time course with a delayed deactivation of dehydrogenation. A computer simulation using an oxidative phosphorylation linked to the cardiac excitation contraction model well reconstructed the response of NADH. This model simulation predicts that the activation of substrate dehydrogenation provides ~23% of driving force of the ATP synthesis to meet the increased workload induced by the jump of stimulus from 0.1 to 3.3 Hz, and remaining ~77% is supplied by the feedback control.
|
['Animals', 'Calcium', 'Computer Simulation', 'Feedback', 'Guinea Pigs', 'Heart Ventricles', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Mitochondria, Heart', 'Myocardium', 'Myocytes, Cardiac', 'NAD', 'Patch-Clamp Techniques', 'Substrate Specificity']
| 16,480,740
|
[['B01.050'], ['D01.268.552.100', 'D01.552.539.288', 'D23.119.100'], ['L01.224.160'], ['L01.906.394.211'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.550'], ['A07.541.560'], ['E05.481'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.564.627.603', 'A11.284.835.626.627.603'], ['A02.633.580', 'A07.541.704', 'A10.690.552.750'], ['A07.541.704.570', 'A10.690.552.750.570', 'A11.620.500'], ['D03.633.100.759.646.138.694', 'D08.211.589', 'D13.695.667.138.694', 'D13.695.827.068.694'], ['E05.200.500.905', 'E05.242.800'], ['G02.111.835']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Strategies of smoking cessation intervention before hernia surgery--effect on perioperative smoking behavior.
|
BACKGROUND: Although it is now generally accepted that patients should be advised to quit smoking before surgery, the effect of low-intensive smoking cessation intervention, both on preoperative smoking behavior and on risk reduction, remains unclear. Our objective was to study the effect on perioperative smoking behavior and on postoperative wound infection of different types of low-intensive intervention before herniotomy.METHODS: Between October 1998 and October 2000, 180 consecutive smokers scheduled for elective herniotomy were advised to quit smoking perioperatively and subsequently allocated randomly to three low-intensive smoking cessation groups: a standard (control) group, a telephone group, which was reminded by telephone, and an out-patient group, which was reminded by means of an out-patient talk and demonstration of nicotine replacement drugs. Spontaneous perioperative smoking behavior was recorded for 64 consecutive non-advised smokers. Postoperative wound infection was evaluated by independent assessors.RESULTS: Of the advised patients, 19% (29/149) stopped smoking before surgery compared with 2% (1/64) in the non-advised cohort (P < 0.01). In the standard group 13% (6/48) quit smoking compared with 23% (23/101) in the pooled telephone and outpatient group (NS). In the last group 64% (65/101) reduced or stopped smoking compared with 42% (20/48) in the standard group (P < 0.05). Predictors of failed perioperative cessation of smoking were a CO breath-test at inclusion above 20 ppm (OR: 0.11; 0.02-0-57) and low motivation to quit smoking (OR: 0.25; 0.09-0.70). Wound infection occurred in 6% (13/213) and there was no difference between the groups.CONCLUSION: Low-intensive smoking cessation intervention helps approximately one fifth of patients to stop smoking perioperatively. Patients who are reminded in addition to preoperative advice are more likely to stop or reduce smoking. Failure to stop smoking is greater if the patients are not motivated and if the CO breath test is high at the time of the preoperative advice.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Hernia, Abdominal', 'Hernia, Inguinal', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Perioperative Care', 'Practice Guidelines as Topic', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Risk Factors', 'Smoking', 'Smoking Cessation', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 17,503,161
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['C23.300.707.374'], ['C23.300.707.374.875'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E02.760.731', 'E04.604', 'N02.421.585.722'], ['N04.761.700.350.650', 'N05.700.350.650'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['F01.145.805'], ['F01.145.488.732'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Expanding ART for treatment and prevention of HIV in South Africa: estimated cost and cost-effectiveness 2011-2050.
|
BACKGROUND: Antiretroviral Treatment (ART) significantly reduces HIV transmission. We conducted a cost-effectiveness analysis of the impact of expanded ART in South Africa.METHODS: We model a best case scenario of 90% annual HIV testing coverage in adults 15-49 years old and four ART eligibility scenarios: CD4 count <200 cells/mm(3) (current practice), CD4 count <350, CD4 count <500, all CD4 levels. 2011-2050 outcomes include deaths, disability adjusted life years (DALYs), HIV infections, cost, and cost per DALY averted. Service and ART costs reflect South African data and international generic prices. ART reduces transmission by 92%. We conducted sensitivity analyses.RESULTS: Expanding ART to CD4 count <350 cells/mm(3) prevents an estimated 265,000 (17%) and 1.3 million (15%) new HIV infections over 5 and 40 years, respectively. Cumulative deaths decline 15%, from 12.5 to 10.6 million; DALYs by 14% from 109 to 93 million over 40 years. Costs drop $504 million over 5 years and $3.9 billion over 40 years with breakeven by 2013. Compared with the current scenario, expanding to <500 prevents an additional 585,000 and 3 million new HIV infections over 5 and 40 years, respectively. Expanding to all CD4 levels decreases HIV infections by 3.3 million (45%) and costs by $10 billion over 40 years, with breakeven by 2023. By 2050, using higher ART and monitoring costs, all CD4 levels saves $0.6 billion versus current; other ART scenarios cost $9-194 per DALY averted. If ART reduces transmission by 99%, savings from all CD4 levels reach $17.5 billion. Sensitivity analyses suggest that poor retention and predominant acute phase transmission reduce DALYs averted by 26% and savings by 7%.CONCLUSION: Increasing the provision of ART to <350 cells/mm3 may significantly reduce costs while reducing the HIV burden. Feasibility including HIV testing and ART uptake, retention, and adherence should be evaluated.
|
['Anti-HIV Agents', 'CD4 Lymphocyte Count', 'Cost-Benefit Analysis', 'Costs and Cost Analysis', 'Forecasting', 'HIV Infections', 'Humans', 'South Africa']
| 22,348,000
|
[['D27.505.954.122.388.077.088'], ['E01.370.225.500.195.107.595.500.150', 'E01.370.225.625.107.595.500.150', 'E05.200.500.195.107.595.500.150', 'E05.200.625.107.595.500.150', 'E05.242.195.107.595.500.150', 'G04.140.107.595.500.150', 'G09.188.105.595.500.150'], ['N03.219.151.125'], ['N03.219.151'], ['I01.320'], ['C01.221.250.875', 'C01.221.812.640.400', 'C01.778.640.400', 'C01.925.782.815.616.400', 'C01.925.813.400', 'C20.673.480'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.058.290.175.735']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
[Measurements of blood citrates in neoplasms with bone metastases].
|
Blood citrate was measured in 49 patients with cancer, with or without bone metastases, and in 53 normal subjects. It is significantly higher (p less than 0.001) in patients with bone metastases than in normal subjects or patients without bone metastases. In normal subjects, blood citrate is higher in summer than in winter and higher in older people. The theoretical and practical interest of these observations is discussed.
|
['Adult', 'Age Factors', 'Animals', 'Bone Neoplasms', 'Cats', 'Citrates', 'Humans', 'Neoplasm Metastasis', 'Seasons']
| 568,307
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['B01.050'], ['C04.588.149', 'C05.116.231'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.377.750.250.125'], ['D02.241.081.901.434'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.697.650', 'C23.550.727.650'], ['G01.910.645.661', 'G16.500.275.071.590', 'N06.230.300.100.250.525']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Regional contamination versus regional dietary differences: understanding geographic variation in brominated and chlorinated contaminant levels in polar bears.
|
The relative contribution of regional contamination versus dietary differences to geographic variation in polar bear (Ursus maritimus) contaminant levels is unknown. Dietary variation between Alaska, Canada, East Greenland, and Svalbard subpopulations was assessed by muscle nitrogen and carbon stable isotope (ä(15)N, ä(13)C) and adipose fatty acid (FA) signatures relative to their main prey (ringed seals). Western and southern Hudson Bay signatures were characterized by depleted ä(15)N and ä(13)C, lower proportions of C(20) and C(22) monounsaturated FAs and higher proportions of C(18) and longer chain polyunsaturated FAs. East Greenland and Svalbard signatures were reversed relative to Hudson Bay. Alaskan and Canadian Arctic signatures were intermediate. Between-subpopulation dietary differences predominated over interannual, seasonal, sex, or age variation. Among various brominated and chlorinated contaminants, diet signatures significantly explained variation in adipose levels of polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) flame retardants (14-15%) and legacy PCBs (18-21%). However, dietary influence was contaminant class-specific, since only low or nonsignificant proportions of variation in organochlorine pesticide (e.g., chlordane) levels were explained by diet. Hudson Bay diet signatures were associated with lower PCB and PBDE levels, whereas East Greenland and Svalbard signatures were associated with higher levels. Understanding diet/food web factors is important to accurately interpret contaminant trends, particularly in a changing Arctic.
|
['Alaska', 'Animals', 'Bromine Compounds', 'Canada', 'Chlorine Compounds', 'Diet', 'Environmental Monitoring', 'Environmental Pollutants', 'Female', 'Flame Retardants', 'Greenland', 'Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers', 'Polychlorinated Biphenyls', 'Svalbard', 'Ursidae']
| 21,166,451
|
[['Z01.107.567.875.580.100'], ['B01.050'], ['D01.139'], ['Z01.107.567.176'], ['D01.210'], ['G07.203.650.240'], ['N06.850.460.350.080', 'N06.850.780.375'], ['D27.888.284'], ['D27.720.361'], ['Z01.107.567.403', 'Z01.542.816.124.500', 'Z01.639.400'], ['D02.355.726.601', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.654.601'], ['D02.309.750', 'D02.455.426.559.389.185.698', 'D02.455.526.439.773'], ['Z01.542.816.374.500', 'Z01.639.835'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.250.761']]
|
['Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Functional inhibition of urea transporter UT-B enhances endothelial-dependent vasodilatation and lowers blood pressure via L-arginine-endothelial nitric oxide synthase-nitric oxide pathway.
|
Mammalian urea transporters (UTs), UT-A and UT-B, are best known for their role in urine concentration. UT-B is especially distributed in multiple extrarenal tissues with abundant expression in vascular endothelium, but little is known about its role in vascular function. The present study investigated the physiological significance of UT-B in regulating vasorelaxations and blood pressure. UT-B deletion in mice or treatment with UT-B inhibitor PU-14 in Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKYs) and spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHRs) reduced blood pressure. Acetylcholine-induced vasorelaxation was significantly augmented in aortas from UT-B null mice. PU-14 concentration-dependently produced endothelium-dependent relaxations in thoracic aortas and mesenteric arteries from both mice and rats and the relaxations were abolished by N(ù)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester. Both expression and phosphorylation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) were up-regulated and expression of arginase I was down-regulated when UT-B was inhibited both in vivo and in vitro. PU-14 induced endothelium-dependent relaxations to a similar degree in aortas from 12 weeks old SHRs or WKYs. In summary, here we report for the first time that inhibition of UT-B plays an important role in regulating vasorelaxations and blood pressure via up-regulation of L-arginine-eNOS-NO pathway, and it may become another potential therapeutic target for the treatment of hypertension.
|
['Animals', 'Arginine', 'Blood Pressure', 'Diuretics', 'Endothelium, Vascular', 'Gene Deletion', 'Gene Expression', 'Intracellular Space', 'Male', 'Membrane Transport Proteins', 'Mice', 'Models, Animal', 'Nitric Oxide', 'Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III', 'Rats', 'Signal Transduction', 'Vasodilation']
| 26,739,766
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.125.068.050', 'D12.125.095.104', 'D12.125.142.087'], ['E01.370.600.875.249', 'G09.330.380.076'], ['D27.505.696.560.500'], ['A07.015.700.500', 'A10.272.491.355'], ['G05.365.590.762.320', 'G05.558.800.320'], ['G05.297'], ['A10.082.750', 'A11.284.430'], ['D12.776.157.530', 'D12.776.543.585'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['E05.598'], ['D01.339.387', 'D01.625.550.500', 'D01.625.700.500', 'D01.650.550.587.600'], ['D08.811.682.664.500.772.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['G09.330.380.928']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Molecular characterization and expression analysis of a gene encoding for farnesyl diphosphate synthase from Euphorbia pekinensis Rupr.
|
The root of Euphorbia pekinensis as a traditional herbal medicine has been recorded in Chinese pharmacopoeias for the treatment of oedema, gonorrhea, migraine and wart cures. In this work, we reported on the cDNA cloning and characterization of a novel farnesyl diphosphate synthase (FPS) from E. pekinensis. The full-length cDNA named EpFPS (Genbank Accession Number FJ755465) contained 1431 bp with an open reading frame of 1029 bp encoding a polypeptie of 342 amino acids. The deduced amino acid sequence of the EpFPS named EpFPS exhibited a high homology with other plant FPSs, and contained five conserved domains. Phylogenetic analysis showed that EpFPS belonged to the plant FPS group. Southern blot analysis revealed that there exists a small FPS gene family in E. pekinensis. Expression pattern analysis revealed that EpFPS expressed strongly in root, weak in leaf and stem. In callus, expression of EpFPS gene and biosynthesis of triterpenoids were strongly induced by Methyl jasmonate and slightly induced by Salicylic acid. Functional complementation of EpFPS in an ergosterol auxotrophic yeast strain indicated that the cloned cDNA encoded a functional farnesyl diphosphate synthase.
|
['Acetates', 'Base Sequence', 'Blotting, Southern', 'Cloning, Molecular', 'Cyclopentanes', 'DNA, Complementary', 'Euphorbia', 'Gene Expression Profiling', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Plant', 'Genetic Complementation Test', 'Geranyltranstransferase', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Open Reading Frames', 'Oxylipins', 'Salicylic Acid', 'Sequence Analysis, DNA', 'Yeasts']
| 21,614,522
|
[['D02.241.081.018', 'D10.251.400.045'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['E05.196.401.114', 'E05.301.300.087', 'E05.601.150'], ['E05.393.220'], ['D02.455.426.392.368.450'], ['D13.444.308.497.220', 'D13.444.600.223.500', 'D27.720.470.530.600.223.260'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.859.797.438.333'], ['E05.393.332'], ['G05.308.375'], ['E05.393.281.526'], ['D08.811.913.225.450'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G05.360.335.760.640', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.650'], ['D10.251.355.645'], ['D02.241.223.100.300.595.608', 'D02.241.511.390.595.608', 'D02.455.426.559.389.127.281.595.608', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.410.595.608'], ['E05.393.760.700'], ['B01.300.930']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Using e-cigarettes in the home to reduce smoking and secondhand smoke: disadvantaged parents' accounts.
|
Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are subject to considerable public health debate. Most public health experts agree that for smokers who find it particularly challenging to quit, e-cigarettes may reduce harm. E-cigarette use in the home may also reduce children's secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure, although e-cigarette vapour may pose risks. This is the first qualitative study to explore disadvantaged parents' views and experiences of e-cigarettes in relation to reducing SHS exposure in the home. Interviews with 25 disadvantaged parents from Edinburgh who smoked and had children aged 1-3 were conducted in 2013, with 17 re-interviewed in 2014. Accounts of e-cigarette perceptions and use were analysed thematically. E-cigarettes were seen by some as potentially valuable in helping quitting or reducing smoking in difficult circumstances, and protecting children from SHS when smoking outside is constrained. However, parents raised concerns about safety issues and continuing their nicotine addiction. In relation to children, concerns included possible health effects of the vapour, children playing with them and role-modelling e-cigarette use. While significant concerns remain about e-cigarettes, for some parents who find it challenging to quit or safely leave their children to smoke outside, e-cigarettes may offer potential for reducing the harm to them and their children.
|
['Adult', 'Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Public Health', 'Qualitative Research', 'Scotland', 'Smoking', 'Smoking Cessation', 'Tobacco Smoke Pollution', 'Vulnerable Populations']
| 28,087,586
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['J01.637.767.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['H02.403.720', 'N01.400.550', 'N06.850'], ['H01.770.644.241.850'], ['Z01.542.363.766'], ['F01.145.805'], ['F01.145.488.732'], ['D20.633.937.680', 'N06.850.460.100.555'], ['M01.965']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Isolation of rat hepatocytes.
|
In vitro models, based on liver cells or tissues, are indispensable in the early preclinical phase of drug development. An important breakthrough in establishing cell models has been the successful high-yield preparation of intact hepatocytes. In this chapter, the practical aspects of the two-step collagenase perfusion method, modified from the original procedure of Seglen, are outlined. Although applicable to the liver of various species, including human, the practical aspects of the method are explained here for rat liver. Critical parameters for the successful isolation of primary rat hepatocytes are highlighted and a troubleshooting guide is provided. In addition, a new development based on the inhibition of histone deacetylase activity is presented. This approach allows inhibition of cell-cycle reentry during hepatocyte isolation, a process known to underlie the dedifferentiation process of cultured hepatocytes.
|
['Animals', 'Cell Separation', 'Collagenases', 'G1 Phase', 'Hepatocytes', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Resting Phase, Cell Cycle']
| 16,719,394
|
[['B01.050'], ['E01.370.225.500.363', 'E05.200.500.363', 'E05.242.363'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.480.205', 'D08.811.277.656.675.374.205'], ['G04.144.500.320'], ['A11.436.348'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['G04.144.500.300']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
G Protein-selective GPCR Conformations Measured Using FRET Sensors in a Live Cell Suspension Fluorometer Assay.
|
F?rster resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based studies have become increasingly common in the investigation of GPCR signaling. Our research group developed an intra-molecular FRET sensor to detect the interaction between Gá subunits and GPCRs in live cells following agonist stimulation. Here, we detail the protocol for detecting changes in FRET between the â2-adrenergic receptor and the Gás C-terminus peptide upon treatment with 100 µM isoproterenol hydrochloride as previously characterized(1). Our FRET sensor is a single polypeptide consisting serially of a full-length GPCR, a FRET acceptor fluorophore (mCitrine), an ER/K SPASM (systematic protein affinity strength modulation) linker, a FRET donor fluorophore (mCerulean), and a Gá C-terminal peptide. This protocol will detail cell preparation, transfection conditions, equipment setup, assay execution, and data analysis. This experimental design detects small changes in FRET indicative of protein-protein interactions, and can also be used to compare the strength of interaction across ligands and GPCR-G protein pairings. To enhance the signal-to-noise in our measurements, this protocol requires heightened precision in all steps, and is presented here to enable reproducible execution.
|
['Biosensing Techniques', 'Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer', 'HEK293 Cells', 'Humans', 'Ligands', 'Protein Conformation', 'Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2', 'Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled', 'Signal Transduction']
| 27,684,955
|
[['E05.601.043'], ['E05.196.712.516.600.676.500', 'G01.154.240.280', 'G02.111.255.280'], ['A11.251.210.172.750', 'A11.436.334'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D27.720.470.480'], ['G02.111.570.820.709'], ['D12.776.543.750.670.300.300.340.200', 'D12.776.543.750.695.150.300.340.725', 'D12.776.543.750.720.330.300.340.200'], ['D12.776.543.750.695'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Right to health encompasses right to access essential generic medicines: challenging the 2008 Anti-Counterfeit Act in Kenya.
|
To what extent has the right to access generic HIV medication been implemented in Kenya for the 1.6 million people living with HIV? How does this relate to the right to health under international and national law? This paper examines a constitutional challenge brought to the High Court of Kenya in 2009 (the "Anti-Counterfeit Case") against the Anti-Counterfeit Act of 2008, which the petitioners, all of whom were living with HIV, argued would affect their ability to access affordable and generic antiretroviral medication. They argued that this would amount to a violation of their right to life, dignity, and health. This case is particularly interesting because the new Kenyan Constitution came into force in 2010, after the case had been filed, and specifically provided for the right to health for all of Kenya's citizens, as well as giving direct effect to all international laws ratified by the Kenyan government. This paper follows the Anti-Counterfeit Case, which includes amendments filed by the petitioners following the new constitutional changes, the arguments by the different parties in the case, and the inappropriateness of counterfeit laws as measures to control substandard and falsified medicine. The case has resulted in the suspension of significant parts of the Anti-Counterfeit Act that would pose a challenge to parallel importation, and to the court issuing a directive that the sections be amended. The judgment is examined in detail, as are the broader implications of this case for other countries in Eastern Africa.
|
['Anti-HIV Agents', 'Counterfeit Drugs', 'Drugs, Generic', 'Health Services Accessibility', 'Humans', 'Judicial Role', 'Kenya', 'Legislation, Drug', 'Patient Rights']
| 25,569,728
|
[['D27.505.954.122.388.077.088'], ['D26.894.500'], ['D26.360'], ['N04.590.374.350', 'N05.300.430'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['I01.880.604.583.474'], ['Z01.058.290.120.400'], ['I01.880.604.605', 'N03.706.615.402'], ['I01.880.604.473.650', 'N03.706.437.650']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Detection of platelet-directed immunoglobin G in sera using the peroxidase-anti-peroxidase (PAP) slide technique.
|
An immunohistochemical procedure for the detection of immunoglobulin G adherent to platelets is described. The peroxidase anti-peroxidase method is used to detect antibody activity directed against platelets from normal donors in the sera from 305 individuals. These subjects were divided into three groups: group 1, patients referred for tissue typing; group 2, healthy normal females; group 3, healthy normal males. In group 1, 28% of the sera were found to be positive; in most of these a history of prior transfusions was obtained. In group 2, 7.4% were found to be positive, most having previous pregnancies. Only 1% were found to be positive in group 3, and no reason for presensitization was found. Results from the indirect immunofluorescence technique served as a control and as a means to compare the sensitivity. Under the conditions chosen, the peroxidase anti-peroxidase test was two to eight times more sensitive than the immunofluorescence technique. Specificity of the peroxidase anti-peroxidase technique was demonstrated using a monospecific anti-PLA1 antiserum. It is concluded that the peroxidase anti-peroxidase slide technique may be a useful tool in the study of platelet-related immunophenomena.
|
['ABO Blood-Group System', 'Absorption', 'Animals', 'Blood Platelets', 'Female', 'Fluorescent Antibody Technique', 'Goats', 'HLA Antigens', 'Humans', 'Immunoenzyme Techniques', 'Immunoglobulin G', 'Male', 'Pregnancy', 'Purpura', 'Rabbits', 'Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell']
| 6,986,179
|
[['D23.050.301.290.031', 'D23.050.705.230.031'], ['G01.015', 'G02.010', 'G03.015', 'G03.787.024', 'G07.690.725.015'], ['B01.050'], ['A11.118.188', 'A15.145.229.188'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512.240', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512.240', 'E05.200.500.607.512.240', 'E05.200.750.551.512.240', 'E05.478.583.375'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.513'], ['D23.050.301.500.450', 'D23.050.705.552.450'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.478.566.350', 'E05.478.583.400', 'E05.601.470.350'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.619.393', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.619.393', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.619.393'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['C15.378.100.802', 'C23.550.414.950', 'C23.888.885.687'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.968.700'], ['D12.776.124.790.651.950', 'D12.776.377.715.548.950', 'D12.776.543.750.705.816.821']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Administration of Bifidobacterium breve PS12929 and Lactobacillus salivarius PS12934, two strains isolated from human milk, to very low and extremely low birth weight preterm infants: a pilot study.
|
The preterm infant gut has been described as immature and colonized by an aberrant microbiota. Therefore, the use of probiotics is an attractive practice in hospitals to try to reduce morbidity and mortality in this population. The objective of this pilot study was to elucidate if administration of two probiotic strains isolated from human milk to preterm infants led to their presence in feces. In addition, the evolution of a wide spectrum of immunological compounds, including the inflammatory biomarker calprotectin, in both blood and fecal samples was also assessed. For this purpose, five preterm infants received two daily doses (~10(9) CFU) of a 1:1 mixture of Bifidobacterium breve PS12929 and Lactobacillus salivarius PS12934. Bacterial growth was detected by culture-dependent techniques in all the fecal samples. The phylum Firmicutes dominated in nearly all fecal samples while L. salivarius PS12934 was detected in all the infants at numerous sample collection points and B. breve PS12929 appeared in five fecal samples. Finally, a noticeable decrease in the fecal calprotectin levels was observed along time.
|
['Bifidobacterium', 'Biodiversity', 'Cluster Analysis', 'Female', 'Gastrointestinal Microbiome', 'Humans', 'Immunity', 'Infant, Extremely Low Birth Weight', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Infant, Very Low Birth Weight', 'Lactobacillus', 'Milk, Human', 'Pilot Projects', 'Probiotics']
| 25,759,843
|
[['B03.510.024.100', 'B03.510.460.400.400.049.100'], ['G16.500.275.157.049', 'N06.230.124.049'], ['E05.318.740.250', 'N05.715.360.750.200', 'N06.850.520.830.250'], ['G06.591.375', 'G16.500.275.157.049.100.500.375', 'N06.230.124.049.100.500.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G12.450'], ['M01.060.703.520.460.600.500'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['M01.060.703.520.460.600'], ['B03.353.750.450.475', 'B03.510.460.400.410.475.475', 'B03.510.550.450.475'], ['A12.200.467', 'A12.790.500', 'G07.203.100.700.500', 'G07.203.300.350.525.500', 'J02.200.700.500', 'J02.500.350.525.500'], ['E05.318.372.750', 'E05.337.737', 'N05.715.360.330.720', 'N06.850.520.450.720'], ['G07.203.300.456.500', 'J02.500.456.500']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
MBD4 and MLH1 are required for apoptotic induction in xDNMT1-depleted embryos.
|
Loss of the of the maintenance methyltransferase xDNMT1 during Xenopus development results in premature transcription and activation of a p53-dependent apoptotic program that accounts for embryo lethality. Here, we show that activation of the apoptotic response is signalled through the methyl-CpG binding protein xMBD4 and the mismatch repair pathway protein xMLH1. Depletion of xMBD4 or xMLH1 increases the survival rate of xDNMT1-depleted embryos, whereas overexpression of these proteins in embryos induces programmed cell death at the onset of gastrulation. MBD4 interacts directly with both DNMT1 and MLH1, leading to recruitment of the latter to heterochromatic sites that are coincident with DNMT1 localisation. Time-lapse microscopy of micro-irradiated mammalian cells shows that MLH1/MBD4 (like DNMT1) can accumulate at DNA damage sites. We propose that xMBD4/xMLH1 participates in a novel G2 checkpoint that is responsive to xDNMT1p levels in developing embryos and cells.
|
['Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing', 'Animals', 'Apoptosis', 'Cells, Cultured', 'DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferase 1', 'DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferases', 'DNA Damage', 'DNA Repair', 'DNA Repair Enzymes', 'Endodeoxyribonucleases', 'Enzyme Activation', 'Fibroblasts', 'Heterochromatin', 'Humans', 'Mice', 'Nuclear Proteins', 'Phenotype', 'Rats', 'Recombinant Fusion Proteins', 'Tumor Suppressor Protein p53', 'Ultraviolet Rays', 'Xenopus', 'Xenopus Proteins', 'Xenopus laevis']
| 19,502,488
|
[['D12.644.360.024', 'D12.776.157.057', 'D12.776.476.024'], ['B01.050'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['A11.251'], ['D08.811.913.555.500.350.100.500.500', 'D12.776.157.687.313', 'D12.776.660.720.313'], ['D08.811.913.555.500.350.100.500'], ['G05.200'], ['G02.111.222', 'G05.219'], ['D08.811.074'], ['D08.811.277.352.335.350', 'D08.811.277.352.355.325'], ['G02.111.263', 'G03.328'], ['A11.329.228'], ['A11.284.430.106.279.345.190.160.180.383', 'D12.776.664.224.466', 'G05.360.160.180.383'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['D12.776.660'], ['G05.695'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['D12.776.828.300'], ['D12.776.157.687.650', 'D12.776.260.820', 'D12.776.624.776.775', 'D12.776.660.720.650', 'D12.776.744.845'], ['G01.358.500.505.650.891', 'G01.590.540.891', 'G01.750.250.650.891', 'G01.750.750.659', 'G01.750.770.578.891', 'G16.500.275.063.725.525.600', 'G16.500.750.775.525.600', 'N06.230.300.100.725.525.600'], ['B01.050.150.900.090.180.610.500'], ['D12.776.045.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.090.180.610.500.562']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Prevention of suppression of alloreactive capacity following intravenous injection of neuraminidase-treated allogeneic cells by co-injection of agents competing for asialoglycoprotein receptor.
|
Intravenous (i.v.) administration of neuraminidase (Nase)-treated allogeneic lymphocytes resulted in the complete abrogation of the capacity to develop delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) responses to the relevant alloantigens (tolerance induction). The Nase treatment did not influence the antigenicity of allogeneic lymphocytes, as subcutaneous inoculation of Nase-treated cells was capable of generating comparable anti-allo-DTH responses to those induced by untreated allogeneic cells. However, Nase-treated lymphocytes were revealed to exhibit strikingly enhanced reactivity to the lectin peanut agglutinin (PNA) as well as adhesion to hepatocytes in the primary culture. Such enhanced PNA-reactivity was inhibited by lactose but not by maltose, and enhanced hepatocyte-adhesion was also inhibited by N-acetyl-galactosamine (GalNAc) but not by N-acetyl-glucosamine (GlcNAc), indicating augmented reactivity of Nase-treated cells to Gal/GalNAc-specific receptors on hepatocytes. It was also demonstrated that i.v. infusion of Nase-treated, 51Cr-labeled lymphocytes leads to an increased radioactivity in the liver and that this enhanced retention of radioactivity can be inhibited by the co-injection of Nase-treated, unlabeled syngeneic erythrocytes. Most importantly, the co-injection of Nase-treated allogeneic lymphocytes and Nase-treated erythrocytes resulted in the prevention of the suppression of anti-allo-DTH responses as induced by the injection of Nase-treated allogeneic cells alone. These results indicate that Nase-treated allogeneic cells are entrapped in the liver in a strikingly increased way through their enhanced reactivity to Gal/GAlNAc receptor of the liver and suggest that such enhanced entrapment by the liver has a crucial role in inducing anti-allo-DTH tolerance.
|
['Animals', 'Asialoglycoprotein Receptor', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Erythrocyte Transfusion', 'Erythrocytes', 'Female', 'Hypersensitivity, Delayed', 'Immune Tolerance', 'Isoantigens', 'Lectins', 'Liver', 'Lymphocyte Transfusion', 'Lymphocytes', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred BALB C', 'Mice, Inbred C3H', 'Neuraminidase', 'Peanut Agglutinin', 'Receptors, Immunologic', 'Spleen']
| 3,275,127
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.776.503.280.124', 'D12.776.543.750.024'], ['A11.251'], ['E02.095.135.140.275'], ['A11.118.290', 'A11.443.240', 'A15.145.229.334'], ['C20.543.418'], ['G12.535.425'], ['D23.050.705'], ['D12.776.503'], ['A03.620'], ['E02.095.135.140.425.445'], ['A11.118.637.555.567', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567', 'A15.382.490.555.567'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.338', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.338'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.388', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.388'], ['D08.811.277.450.692'], ['D12.776.503.499.625', 'D12.776.765.678.625'], ['D12.776.543.750.705'], ['A10.549.700', 'A15.382.520.604.700']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Effect of the polymorphism of prolactin receptor (PRLR) and leptin (LEP) genes on litter size in Polish pigs.
|
The aim of the experiment was to use the DNA mutations in the PRLR and LEP genes to determine associations between the genotype and litter size in Polish Large White x Landrace sows. Reproductive traits investigated were: total number of piglets born (TNB), number of piglets born alive (NBA) and number of piglets weaned. The polymorphism in PRLR and LEP genes was detected using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment-length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method, with specific primers and the restriction enzymes AluI and HinfI respectively. Two different alleles of PRLR and LEP gene were identified: alleles A (0.62) and B (0.38) of the PRLR gene and alleles C (0.10) and T (0.90) of the LEP gene. The relationships between the PRLR and LEP genotypes and TBN, NBA and NW were analysed. The analysis showed, in first parity sows, statistically significant (p < or = 0.01) differences between sows carrying different PRLR genotypes. In later parities, sows with the AA genotype still had the largest litter size compared with AB and BB sows, but the difference was statistically not significant. Analysis of the interaction PARITY x PRLR showed small and statistically not significant differences. The analysis of relationship between different LEP genotypes and TNB, NBA, NW showed small and statistically non-significant differences.
|
['Animals', 'DNA Primers', 'Gene Frequency', 'Leptin', 'Litter Size', 'Poland', 'Polymorphism, Genetic', 'Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length', 'Quantitative Trait, Heritable', 'Receptors, Prolactin', 'Sus scrofa']
| 16,274,424
|
[['B01.050'], ['D13.695.578.424.450.275', 'D27.720.470.530.600.223.600'], ['G05.330'], ['D06.472.699.042.500', 'D12.644.276.024.500', 'D12.644.548.011.500', 'D12.776.467.024.500', 'D23.529.024.500'], ['G08.686.530', 'G08.686.784.769.498.300'], ['Z01.542.248.679'], ['G05.365.795'], ['G05.365.795.595'], ['G05.420.720'], ['D12.776.543.750.720.600.710', 'D12.776.543.750.750.555.710', 'D12.776.543.750.750.660.350.725'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.880.399']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
|
Secondary plant substances in various extracts of the leaves, fruits, stem and bark of Caraipa densifolia Mart.
|
Thirty secondary plant substances were detected in various extracts of the leaves, fruits, stem and bark of Caraipadensifolia Mart. Phenolic compounds were preliminarily identified and quantitated by HPLC-ESI-MS and the structures of the compounds, purified by semi-preparative HPLC, were further characterized by nano-ESI-MS-MS. The presence of gallic acid, 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, neochlorogenic acid, chlorogenic acid, methyl gallate, p-coumaric acid quinate, epicatechin, procaynidin dimer B(2), procyanidin trimer C(1), syringic acid, 1,2,3,6-tetragallate glucoside, 1,3,4,6-tetragallate glucoside, corilagin, ellagic acid, methyl ellagic acid rhamnoside, quercetin-3-O-rhamnoside, two apigenin-C-glycosides (vitexin and isovitexin) and two luteolin-C-glycosides (orientin and isoorientin) are reported in this species for the first time. In addition, the previously reported following terpenoids, lupeol, lupenone, betulinic acid, betulin, friedelin and a previously non-characterized terpenoid in this species, friedelinol were identified and quantitated by GC-MS. A previously identified sterol was beta-sitosterol along with stigmasterol in this species for the first time. The vitamins alpha-tocopherol and gamma-tocopherol were also identified in extracts of the leaves of Caraipa species for the first time. The data shows that the botanical parts of C. densifolia Mart. has a much richer spectrum of secondary plant substances than previously reported.
|
['Chromatography, Gas', 'Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'Clusiaceae', 'Plant Bark', 'Plant Extracts', 'Plant Leaves', 'Plant Stems', 'Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization']
| 20,347,919
|
[['E05.196.181.349'], ['E05.196.181.400.300'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.859.625'], ['A18.024.750.200'], ['D20.215.784.500', 'D26.667'], ['A18.024.812'], ['A18.024.937'], ['E05.196.566.600']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Subchronic methamphetamine treatment enhances ouabain-induced striatal dopamine efflux in vivo.
|
The effect of manipulation of the Na+ gradient between the intracellular and extracellular media on striatal dopamine (DA) efflux under steady-state conditions after subchronic methamphetamine (MAP) treatment was investigated. Rats were injected with 4 mg/kg MAP or saline (i.p.), once daily for 14 days. Seven days after the last injection, ouabain (10(-4) M), a selective inhibitor of the Na+,K(+)-ATPase, was infused locally through a semi-permeable probe in the striatum. Ouabain induced a significantly greater (P less than 0.01) increase of the DA concentrations in the striatal perfusate in the subchronic MAP than the control group. The levels of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) (P less than 0.05) and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) (P less than 0.05) were significantly higher in the subchronic MAP than in the control group. Reserpine pretreatment (5 mg/kg, i.p.) did not affect the enhanced ouabain-induced DA efflux (P less than 0.01) in the subchronic MAP group, and the levels of DOPAC (P less than 0.01), 5-HIAA (P less than 0.01) and HVA (P less than 0.01) were also significantly higher in the subchronic MAP than in the control group. In contrast, alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine (250 mg/kg, i.p.) pretreatment abolished the ouabain-induced efflux of DA, DOPAC and HVA, but not 5-HIAA, in both groups. Specific striatal [3H]ouabain binding and striatal Na+,K(+)-ATPase activity in the subchronic MAP and control groups did not differ significantly. These results suggest that subchronic MAP treatment facilitates the efflux of newly synthesized DA, which is induced by the ouabain-induced decrease of the Na+ gradient between intracellular and extracellular media.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
|
['3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid', 'Animals', 'Autoradiography', 'Corpus Striatum', 'Dopamine', 'Homovanillic Acid', 'Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid', 'Kinetics', 'Male', 'Methamphetamine', 'Methyltyrosines', 'Ouabain', 'Perfusion', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Strains', 'Reference Values', 'Reserpine', 'Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase', 'Tritium', 'alpha-Methyltyrosine']
| 1,371,707
|
[['D02.241.223.601.220'], ['B01.050'], ['E01.370.225.750.132', 'E05.200.750.132', 'E05.799.256'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.249.487'], ['D02.092.211.215.406', 'D02.092.311.342', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.175.342'], ['D02.241.223.601.521'], ['D03.066.288.478', 'D03.633.100.473.404.478'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['D02.092.471.683.152.619'], ['D12.125.072.050.875.485'], ['D04.210.500.155.580.130.750.600', 'D09.408.180.810.600'], ['E05.680'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400'], ['E05.978.810'], ['D03.132.436.681.933.500', 'D03.633.100.473.402.681.933.500', 'D03.633.100.496.500.500.681.933.500'], ['D08.811.277.040.025.314.750', 'D12.776.157.530.450.162.780', 'D12.776.157.530.450.250.880', 'D12.776.157.530.813.750', 'D12.776.543.585.450.162.800', 'D12.776.543.585.450.250.890', 'D12.776.543.585.813.750'], ['D01.268.406.875', 'D01.362.340.875', 'D01.496.749.925'], ['D12.125.072.050.875.485.050']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
'I had this horrible pain': the sources and causes of pain experiences in 4- to 11-year-old hospitalized children.
|
Researchers have relied, almost without exception, on adults for qualitative information about children's pain. However, adults may provide only a limited view of children's pain experience. The purpose of this article is to describe the events considered painful by children. Forty-four children participated in the study. They had been admitted for different reasons into different wards of a university hospital. The data consisted of qualitative child interviews and was analysed using inductive content analysis. The pain experience of children came from four main sources: 1. pain as a symptom of a diagnosed illness, 2. pain caused by medical and diagnostic procedures and basic nursing, 3. pain caused by accidents and 4. inexplicable pain not caused by a particular illness or injury. Children are able to report and describe their pain. Children should be regarded as experts on their pain in order to maximize the options for pain management.
|
['Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Female', 'Finland', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Pain', 'Pain Measurement', 'Pediatric Nursing']
| 15,358,886
|
[['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['Z01.542.816.186'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C23.888.592.612', 'F02.830.816.444', 'G11.561.790.444'], ['E01.370.600.550.324'], ['H02.478.676.631', 'N02.421.533.691']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Large geographic distance versus small DNA barcode divergence: Insights from a comparison of European to South Siberian Lepidoptera.
|
Spanning nearly 13,000 km, the Palearctic region provides an opportunity to examine the level of geographic coverage required for a DNA barcode reference library to be effective in identifying species with broad ranges. This study examines barcode divergences between populations of 102 species of Lepidoptera from Europe and South Siberia, sites roughly 6,000 km apart. While three-quarters of these species showed divergence between their Asian and European populations, these divergence values ranged between 0-1%, distinctly less than the distance to the Nearest-Neighbor species in all but a few cases. Our results suggest that further taxonomic studies may be required for 16 species that showed either extremely low interspecific or high intraspecific variation. For example, seven species pairs showed low or no barcode divergence, but four of these cases are likely to reflect taxonomic over-splitting while the others involve species pairs that are either young or show evidence for introgression. Conversely, some of the nine species with deep intraspecific divergence at varied spatial levels may include overlooked species. Although these 16 cases require further investigation, our overall results indicate that barcode reference libraries based on records from one locality can be very effective in identifying specimens across an extensive geographic area.
|
['Animal Distribution', 'Animals', 'DNA', 'DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic', 'Europe', 'Genetic Variation', 'Lepidoptera', 'Siberia', 'Spatial Analysis', 'Species Specificity']
| 30,388,147
|
[['F01.145.113.069', 'G16.049'], ['B01.050'], ['D13.444.308'], ['E05.393.542.249', 'E05.393.760.700.149'], ['Z01.542'], ['G05.365'], ['B01.050.500.131.617.720.500.500.937'], ['Z01.252.122.500.500'], ['E05.318.740.933', 'N05.715.360.750.746', 'N06.850.520.830.933'], ['G16.824']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Modeling the adaptive visual system: a survey of principled approaches.
|
Modeling the visual system can be done at multiple levels of description ranging from computer simulations of detailed biophysical models to firing rate and so-called 'black-box' models. Re-introducing David Marr's analysis levels for the visual system, we motivate the use of more abstract models in order to answer the question of what the visual system is computing. The approaches we selected to review in this article concentrate on modeling the changes of sensory representations. The considered time-scales, range from the developmental time-scale of receptive field formation to fast transient neuronal dynamics during a single stimulus presentation. Common to all approaches is their focus on providing functional interpretations, instead of 'only' explanations in terms of mechanisms. Although the concrete approaches can be distinguished along different lines, a common theme is emerging which may qualify as a paradigm for providing functional interpretations for changes of receptive field properties, i.e. the dynamic adjustment of sensory representations to varying external or internal conditions.
|
['Adaptation, Physiological', 'Models, Neurological', 'Vision, Ocular']
| 14,622,889
|
[['G07.025', 'G16.012.500'], ['E05.599.395.642'], ['F02.830.816.964', 'G02.111.820.480.900', 'G04.835.480.900', 'G11.561.790.964', 'G14.935']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Influence of plant severing on movement of Ostrinia nubilalis larvae in Zea mays hybrid seed production fields.
|
Genetically engineered corn hybrids that contain a cry gene from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (Bt) are gaining popularity for controlling the corn pest Ostrinia nubilalis (H?bner). Continuous use of Bt corn, however, could select for O. nubilalis that are resistant to this corn. Monitoring for insect resistance is important, because it could help maintain the Bt technology. A possible monitoring method is to collect larval insects in commercial drying bins after harvest from Bt seed production fields. A drawback to this method is that these collections may be contaminated by insects that moved as later instars from severed non-Bt male rows into the adjacent Bt female rows. These larvae have little to no exposure to Bt toxin, resulting in possible "false positives." The objectives of this study were to first find which combination of planting and severing dates produces the least number of larvae that move from non-Bt male plants to Bt female plants and to assess O. nubilalis larval movement from severed non-Bt male rows to Bt female rows. Field studies in 2002 and 2003 were designed to simulate a hybrid seed production field. Results suggest that movement of O. nubilalis larvae from male corn is minimized when corn is planted early and male plants are severed by 2 wk post-anthesis. This reduces the likelihood of false positives by reducing the number of susceptible larvae moving between Bt and non-Bt plants. Also, larvae moved to all four female rows that were adjacent to the severed rows, but there were significantly more larvae found in the closest row compared with the other three. These results could be used to develop a monitoring program to find O. nubilalis larvae with resistance to Bt corn in field populations of O. nubilalis.
|
['Agriculture', 'Animal Migration', 'Animals', 'Bacillus thuringiensis', 'Bacillus thuringiensis Toxins', 'Bacterial Proteins', 'Bacterial Toxins', 'Endotoxins', 'Hemolysin Proteins', 'Hybridization, Genetic', 'Insect Control', 'Insecticide Resistance', 'Larva', 'Moths', 'Plants, Genetically Modified', 'Seeds', 'Time Factors', 'Zea mays']
| 17,849,861
|
[['J01.040'], ['F01.145.113.069.500'], ['B01.050'], ['B03.300.390.400.158.218.800', 'B03.353.500.100.218.800', 'B03.510.100.100.218.800', 'B03.510.415.400.158.218.800', 'B03.510.460.410.158.218.800'], ['D23.946.123.090'], ['D12.776.097'], ['D23.946.123'], ['D23.946.123.329'], ['D12.776.543.695.444'], ['E05.820.150.390', 'G05.090.390'], ['N06.850.780.200.650.425'], ['G07.690.773.984.491'], ['B05.500.500', 'G07.345.500.550.500.500'], ['B01.050.500.131.617.720.500.500.937.650'], ['B01.650.520', 'B05.620.600'], ['A18.024.500.750', 'G07.203.300.775', 'J02.500.775'], ['G01.910.857'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.822.966']]
|
['Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Genetic diversity and the structure of genealogies in rapidly adapting populations.
|
Positive selection distorts the structure of genealogies and hence alters patterns of genetic variation within a population. Most analyses of these distortions focus on the signatures of hitchhiking due to hard or soft selective sweeps at a single genetic locus. However, in linked regions of rapidly adapting genomes, multiple beneficial mutations at different loci can segregate simultaneously within the population, an effect known as clonal interference. This leads to a subtle interplay between hitchhiking and interference effects, which leads to a unique signature of rapid adaptation on genetic variation both at the selected sites and at linked neutral loci. Here, we introduce an effective coalescent theory (a "fitness-class coalescent") that describes how positive selection at many perfectly linked sites alters the structure of genealogies. We use this theory to calculate several simple statistics describing genetic variation within a rapidly adapting population and to implement efficient backward-time coalescent simulations, which can be used to predict how clonal interference alters the expected patterns of molecular evolution.
|
['Adaptation, Biological', 'Evolution, Molecular', 'Genetic Loci', 'Genetic Variation', 'Haploidy', 'Models, Genetic', 'Models, Statistical', 'Mutation', 'Pedigree', 'Population', 'Reproduction, Asexual', 'Selection, Genetic']
| 23,222,656
|
[['G16.012'], ['G05.045.250', 'G16.075.250'], ['G05.360.340.024.380'], ['G05.365'], ['G05.700.456'], ['E05.599.395.397'], ['E05.318.740.500', 'E05.599.835', 'N05.715.360.750.530', 'N06.850.520.830.500'], ['G05.365.590'], ['E05.393.673'], ['N01.600'], ['G08.686.784.830'], ['G05.783']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
[Changes of factors on disease activity in advancing periodontitis].
|
Two test teeth, anteriors with greater than or equal to 6 mm deep periodontal pockets from each of 10 patients with advancing periodontitis were included in this study. The clinical signs of advancing periodontitis, generalized moderate to deep pockets and to severe loss of alveolar bone, were observed in young adult. There have been several reports on factors, which reflect the conversion clinically from infection by highly pathogenic plaque bacteria to a from of periodontitis displaying relatively rapid loss of clinical attachment. The purpose of this investigation was to detect parameters in fluid, which could leak from the underlying inflamed connective tissue into the gingival crevice, and which could shown correlatively the progressive variations of periodontal disease by recurrent acute stage. In order to determine active disease sites and to monitor guantitatively response to therapy or to measure degree to susceptibility of future breakdown. Examinations on following parameters at pre- and post- periodontal treatment stages were carried out. Endotoxin, collagenase, alkaline phosphatase, beta-glucuronidase, interleukin-1 alpha, IgG antibody levels to Bacteroides gingivalis, Bacteroides intermedius were measured in gingival exudate samples, which were collected by the microtips technique from periodontal pockets. The following results were obtained: 1) Considering the effect of periodontal therapy, pathogenic responses on total colony forming unit (CFU), interleukin-1 alpha and changes of endotoxin and beta-glucuronidase levels after the treatment have indicated that specific changes in humoral responses. 2) There was not significant relation between alkaline phosphatase, collagenase, IgG antibodies level to Bacteroides gingivalis, Bacteroides intermedius and responses in active and also inactive disease sites. 3) This study has been resulted in the development of diagnostic techniques which requires strict criteria on the disease activity of the periodontal disease very specific in order to permit a more scientific approach to the care of periodontitis patients and to speculate the prognosis of the patients after the treatment.
|
['Adult', 'Bacteroides', 'Endotoxins', 'Female', 'Gingival Crevicular Fluid', 'Glucuronidase', 'Humans', 'Interleukin-1', 'Male', 'Periodontitis', 'Prognosis']
| 2,135,609
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['B03.440.080.094.152', 'B03.440.425.410.194.152'], ['D23.946.123.329'], ['A12.383.500'], ['D08.811.277.450.426'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.010', 'D12.644.276.374.500.400', 'D12.776.467.374.465.010', 'D12.776.467.374.500.400', 'D23.529.374.465.131', 'D23.529.374.500.400'], ['C07.465.714.533'], ['E01.789']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Age dependent changes in the sperm population and fertility in the male rat.
|
The entire reproductive tract was devoid of spermatozoa during the first 42 days of life. The first appearance of spermatozoa was detected in the caput epididymidis of 45-day old rats and in the cauda epididymidis of 52-day or older rats. The number of spermatozoa in the reproductive tract increased with age. The sperm population reached its maximum in the caput epididymidis by day-72 and in the caud epididymidis by day-100. These high levels were maintained beyond 450 days of age. Fifty-two day old male rats failed to impregnate the female. Although male rats of 62-500 days were able to sire litters, the peak reproductive period was found to be between days 100-270, during which the number of young per litter ranged between 11-16. Towards advanced age the litter size dropped to 8. The lower fertility in the males of advanced age might be due to a lower proportion of fertile spermatozoa, a change in the physiology of epididymis or an altered sperm transport in the reproductive tract.
|
['Aging', 'Animals', 'Epididymis', 'Fertility', 'Male', 'Organ Size', 'Rats', 'Sexual Maturation', 'Sperm Count', 'Testis']
| 520,388
|
[]
|
[]
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.