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Boot camp: a novel intensive approach to voice therapy.
|
It is well known in the disciplines of neurobiology, exercise physiology, motor learning, and psychotherapy that desirable learning and behavior changes occur primarily from practice that involves high-intensity overload, variability, and specificity of training. We propose a novel treatment approach called intensive short-term voice therapy that uses these practice parameters for recalcitrant dysphonia. Intensive short-term voice therapy involves multiple sessions with a variety of clinicians, incorporating multiple simultaneous therapeutic approaches. The intensive short-term voice therapy approach is characterized by voice therapy for 1-4 successive days each with an average of 5 hours of therapy and five clinicians. This form of intensive voice therapy provides rigorous practice, involving not only overload but also opportunities for specificity and individuality thereby facilitating better transfer of learned skills. This article discusses the conceptual, theoretical, and practical foundations of this novel therapy approach.
|
['Appointments and Schedules', 'Cost-Benefit Analysis', 'Dysphonia', 'Humans', 'Patient Care Team', 'Program Development', 'Psychotherapy', 'Speech Therapy', 'Voice Training']
| 20,570,107
|
[['N04.452.095'], ['N03.219.151.125'], ['C08.360.940.325', 'C09.400.940.325', 'C10.597.975.325', 'C23.888.592.979.325'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N04.590.715'], ['N04.452.760'], ['F04.754'], ['E02.760.169.063.500.727.552', 'E02.831.727.552'], ['E02.760.169.063.500.727.862', 'E02.831.727.862']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Adolescent male chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) form social bonds with their brothers and others during the transition to adulthood.
|
Social relationships play an important role in animal behavior. Bonds with kin provide indirect fitness benefits, and those with nonkin may furnish direct benefits. Adult male chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) exhibit social bonds with maternal brothers as well as unrelated adult males, facilitating cooperative behavior, but it is unclear when these bonds develop. Prior studies suggest that social bonds emerge during adolescence. Alternatively, bonds may develop during adulthood when male chimpanzees can gain fitness benefits through alliances used to compete for dominance status. To investigate these possibilities and to determine who formed bonds, we studied the social relationships of adolescent and young adult male chimpanzees (N = 18) at Ngogo in Kibale National Park, Uganda. Adolescent male chimpanzees displayed social bonds with other males, and they did so as often as did young adult males. Adolescent and young adult males frequently joined subgroups with old males. They spent time in proximity to and grooming with old males, although they also did so with their age peers. Controlling for age and age difference, males formed strong association and proximity relationships with their maternal brothers and grooming relationships with their fathers. Grooming bonds between chimpanzee fathers and their adolescent and young adult sons have not been documented before and are unexpected because female chimpanzees mate with multiple males. How fathers recognize their sons and vice versa remains unclear but may be due to familiarity created by relationships earlier in development.
|
['Age Factors', 'Animals', 'Behavior, Animal', 'Fathers', 'Grooming', 'Male', 'Pan troglodytes', 'Siblings', 'Social Behavior', 'Uganda']
| 31,903,634
|
[['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['B01.050'], ['F01.145.113'], ['F01.829.263.500.320.100', 'I01.880.853.150.500.340.210', 'M01.620.390'], ['F01.145.113.111.453'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.620'], ['F01.829.263.500.490', 'I01.880.853.150.500.505', 'M01.781'], ['F01.145.813'], ['Z01.058.290.120.880']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Effect on platelet properties of exposure to temperatures below 20 degrees C for short periods during storage at 20 to 24 degrees C.
|
BACKGROUND: When platelet concentrates (PCs) are shipped over long distances, it is not always possible to ensure that their temperature is maintained at 20 to 24 degrees C. In addition, PCs are not agitated as during routine storage.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Studies have been conducted to evaluate how exposure to temperatures below 20 degrees C in the absence of agitation influences properties of platelets. In initial studies, exposure to 4 degrees C for 3 or 5 hours or to 12 degrees C for 5 or 17 hours on Day 2 of a 5- to 6-day storage period was associated with a loss of discoid shape. This was reflected by slightly lower but statistically different morphology scores after storage compared to those observed with control platelets that were stored only at 20 to 24 degrees C. In addition, a qualitative difference in morphology was noted in controls and PCs held at 16 degrees C for 17 hours. In more detailed studies, both the in vivo viability and in vitro properties of platelets exposed between Day 1 and Day 2 to either 12 degrees C or 16 degrees C for 17 hours were evaluated. The protocol involved a paired study design (n = 4 for each exposure temperature) with the simultaneous storage of two identical PCs, one exposed to 12 or 16 degrees C and the other one maintained at 20 to 24 degrees C throughout the 5-day storage.RESULTS: Exposure to 12 degrees C significantly reduced (p < 0.05 by paired t test) the in vivo recovery to 37.6 +/- 13.8 percent (mean +/- 1 SD) from 47.8 +/- 11.5 percent and the survival time to 2.0 +/- 0.3 days from 6.5 +/- 1.4 days. On exposure to 16 degrees C, the differences in viability from those of control units were much less but still significant. The in vivo recovery was 42.7 +/- 3.8 percent compared to 49.2 +/- 3.0 percent and the survival time was 3.5 +/- 1.2 days compared to 6.6 +/- 0.3 days. The loss of in vivo viability of the test platelets was associated with a loss of discoid shape, as reflected by morphology scores, extent of shape change, and mean platelet volume. In addition, platelet metabolism also appeared to be affected, as suggested by increased lactate production. All of the in vitro properties except for total ATP and residual glucose that were statistically different from those of controls on exposure to 12 degrees C were also significantly different on exposure to 16 degrees C.CONCLUSION: These findings demonstrate that platelets undergo substantial changes in in vivo viability and in vitro properties when they are exposed to temperatures below 20 degrees C for short periods.
|
['Blood Platelets', 'Blood Preservation', 'Cell Survival', 'Humans', 'Lactates', 'Temperature', 'Time Factors']
| 8,178,329
|
[['A11.118.188', 'A15.145.229.188'], ['E02.792.833.230', 'E05.760.833.230'], ['G04.346'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D02.241.511.459'], ['G01.906.595', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710', 'G16.500.750.775.710', 'N06.230.150.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
[No sex differences observed in thrombolysis treatment in acute myocardial infarct but they are found in contraindications and complications].
|
OBJECTIVE: To detect possible differences between men and women in thrombolytic treatment after acute myocardial infarction.DESIGN: Retrospective chart study.SETTING: University Hospital Nijmegen, the Netherlands.METHOD: The data were studied of all patients diagnosed at discharge as 'myocardial infarction' during the period July 1992 to December 1993, with comparison of men and women.RESULTS: There were 181 patients with myocardial infarction: 53 women (29%) and 128 men (71%). At the time of diagnosis, the women on average were 9 years older than the men. Of these patients, 24 women (45%) and 66 men (52%) were treated with a thrombolytic agent. In 30% of the cases in both men and women, the main reason not to give a thrombolytic agent was exceeding the time limit of 6 hours after the first symptoms. In addition, thrombolysis was refrained from because of contraindications in 23% of the women and in 17% of the men. In women, an 'inconclusive' ECG was an important reason for not giving thrombolysis. There was a difference between the numbers of women and men who developed complications after thrombolysis (25% as against 8%); in women these complications were mostly haemorrhages. 25% of the women and 15% of the men died in hospital.CONCLUSION: Women with a myocardial infarction were given thrombolytic treatment about as often as men. There were sex differences regarding the contraindications to thrombolysis and the complications after thrombolysis.
|
['Acute Disease', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Contraindications', 'Female', 'Hemorrhage', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Myocardial Infarction', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Sex Factors', 'Thrombolytic Therapy', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 8,830,291
|
[['C23.550.291.125'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E02.208'], ['C23.550.414'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C14.280.647.500', 'C14.907.585.500', 'C23.550.513.355.750', 'C23.550.717.489.750'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['N05.715.350.675', 'N06.850.490.875'], ['E02.319.913'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Induction of marrow hypoxia by radioprotective agents.
|
The ability of thiol and non-thiol radioprotectors to induce hypoxia was determined using the binding of [3H]misonidazole by bone marrow cells as a measure of hypoxia. When administered at maximally radioprotective doses, four drugs (WR-2721, cysteamine, 5-hydroxytryptamine, and 16,16-dimethyl prostaglandin E2) significantly increased the amount of [3H]misonidazole bound by marrow cells, while no significant increase in binding was observed with three other agents (endotoxin, AET, superoxide dimutase). Doses of WR-2721 previously shown to provide suboptimal radioprotection did not significantly increase 3H-misonidazole binding. These results suggest that the physiological effects of some radioprotectors, that is, their ability to induce marrow hypoxia, may contribute to their efficacy in vivo.
|
['16,16-Dimethylprostaglandin E2', 'Amifostine', 'Animals', 'Bone Marrow', 'Bone Marrow Cells', 'Cysteamine', 'Endotoxins', 'Female', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred BALB C', 'Oxygen', 'Radiation-Protective Agents', 'Serotonin', 'Superoxide Dismutase', 'beta-Aminoethyl Isothiourea']
| 2,543,028
|
[['D10.251.355.255.550.775.450.300', 'D23.469.050.175.725.775.450.300', 'D23.469.700.660.200'], ['D02.705.400.625.050', 'D02.705.539.345.050', 'D02.886.300.692.050'], ['B01.050'], ['A15.382.216'], ['A11.148', 'A15.378.316'], ['D02.092.471.562.369', 'D02.886.489.472.369'], ['D23.946.123.329'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.338', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.338'], ['D01.268.185.550', 'D01.362.670'], ['D27.505.696.706.776', 'D27.720.799.763'], ['D02.092.211.215.801.852', 'D03.633.100.473.914.814', 'D23.469.050.650'], ['D08.811.682.881'], ['D02.065.950.898.100', 'D02.886.904.100']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Impaired renal Na(+) retention in the sgk1-knockout mouse.
|
The serum- and glucocorticoid-regulated kinase (sgk1) is induced by mineralocorticoids and, in turn, upregulates heterologously expressed renal epithelial Na(+) channel (ENaC) activity in Xenopus oocytes. Accordingly, Sgk1 is considered to mediate the mineralocorticoid stimulation of renal ENaC activity and antinatriuresis. Here we show that at standard NaCl intake, renal water and electrolyte excretion is indistinguishable in sgk1-knockout (sgk1(-/-)) mice and wild-type (sgk1(+/+)) mice. In contrast, dietary NaCl restriction reveals an impaired ability of sgk1(-/-) mice to adequately decrease Na(+) excretion despite increases in plasma aldosterone levels and proximal-tubular Na(+) and fluid reabsorption, as well as decreases in blood pressure and glomerular filtration rate.
|
['Animals', 'Epithelial Sodium Channels', 'Female', 'Immediate-Early Proteins', 'Kidney', 'Kidney Concentrating Ability', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Mice, Knockout', 'Nuclear Proteins', 'Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases', 'Sodium', 'Sodium Channels', 'Sodium Chloride, Dietary']
| 12,417,564
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.776.157.530.400.875.200', 'D12.776.543.550.450.875.200', 'D12.776.543.585.400.875.200'], ['D12.776.460', 'D12.776.964.925.968'], ['A05.810.453'], ['G08.852.536'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['B01.050.050.136.500.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.455', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800.500'], ['D12.776.660'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700'], ['D01.268.549.750', 'D01.268.557.650', 'D01.552.528.850', 'D01.552.547.725'], ['D12.776.157.530.400.875', 'D12.776.543.550.450.875', 'D12.776.543.585.400.875'], ['D01.857.650.705', 'D01.857.875.705']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Calcific uremic arteriolopathy (calciphylaxis)].
|
We present the case of a end stage renal failure patient treated with haemodialysis who developed painful nodules of the subcutis which progressed to ulcerative and necrotic lesions, gradually spreading. The diagnosis of calcific uremic arteriolopathy was made, based on histologic findings showing adipose tissue with necrotic areas and calcifications of the arterioles's media. We describe the clinical presentation of this syndrome which is associated with a high mortality and resume the actual conceptions about the pathogenesis, the diagnosis, prevention and treatment.
|
['Aged', 'Calciphylaxis', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Kidney Failure, Chronic', 'Renal Dialysis']
| 18,630,172
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['C18.452.174.130.186'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C12.777.419.780.750.500', 'C13.351.968.419.780.750.500'], ['E02.870.300', 'E02.912.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Lactonisation--a degradation pathway for active pharmaceutical compounds: an in silico study in amorphous trehalose.
|
The lactonisation of a CCR1 inhibitor (CC chemokine receptor 1, involved in autoimmune diseases) featuring a hydroxyl group in a gamma-position (gamma-OH) with respect to an amide group has been investigated in silico. The two key steps of the lactonisation reaction are (i) rearrangement to an optimal conformation and (ii) the formation of the lactone (ring closure) and expulsion of NH3. Quantum chemical calculations in the gas phase were employed to identify conformers of the molecule with favorable starting geometries for a lactonisation reaction. In total, calculations of 1296 conformers revealed that it is energetically feasible for an inhibitor molecule to adopt a conformation where the carbon atom of the amide group (C(amide)) is suitably close to the oxygen atom of the gamma-OH (O(gamma)) to facilitate a successful lactonisation reaction. Additionally, molecular dynamics methods were used to show that rearrangement to a suitable conformer for lactonisation to occur happens to a lesser extent when the CCR1 inhibitor was embedded in an amorphous trehalose matrix (a model carbohydrate excipient). The mechanism of the actual lactonisation was investigated using the complete Linear Synchronous Transit/Quadratic Synchronous Transit (LST/QST) method. This was performed in both the gas phase and in water and was found to be a concerted reaction.
|
['Amides', 'Carbon', 'Computer Simulation', 'Gases', 'Hydroxyl Radical', 'Lactones', 'Models, Molecular', 'Oxygen', 'Quantum Theory', 'Receptors, CCR1', 'Receptors, Chemokine', 'Trehalose', 'Water']
| 17,646,889
|
[['D02.065'], ['D01.268.150'], ['L01.224.160'], ['D01.362'], ['D01.045.250.357', 'D01.248.497.158.459.300', 'D01.339.431.249'], ['D02.540'], ['E05.599.595'], ['D01.268.185.550', 'D01.362.670'], ['H01.671.579.800'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.160.150.100', 'D12.776.543.750.705.852.125.150.100'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.160', 'D12.776.543.750.705.852.125'], ['D09.698.365.900', 'D09.698.629.305.880', 'D09.947.750.880'], ['D01.045.250.875', 'D01.248.497.158.459.650', 'D01.650.550.925']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Not being recognised in the fight against Alzheimer's disease, a non sharable pain].
|
The pain of not being recognised in the fight against Alzheimer's disease is a question of non-sharing rarely considered by medicine, but which is nevertheless a significant issue for the patient and carer. This anxiety relating to the fracture of the being emerges when being faced with the ordeal of Alzheimer's disease becomes a source of unfathomable helplessness. It is the question facing the caregiver with the arrival of the fateful stage of the non-recognition of the carer by the patient and the consequent lack of acknowledgement on the part of his or her family, and the non-sharing of his or her suffering which is not easily accepted by society.
|
['Alzheimer Disease', 'Caregivers', 'Humans']
| 29,724,333
|
[['C10.228.140.380.100', 'C10.574.945.249', 'F03.615.400.100'], ['M01.085', 'M01.526.485.200', 'N02.360.200'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Joint independent component analysis of structural and functional images reveals complex patterns of functional reorganisation in stroke aphasia.
|
Previous functional activation studies in patients with aphasia have mostly relied on standard group comparisons of aphasic patients with healthy controls, which are biased towards regions showing the most consistent effects and disregard variability within groups. Groups of aphasic patients, however, show considerable variability with respect to lesion localisation and extent. Here, we use a novel method, joint independent component analysis (jICA), which allowed us to investigate abnormal patterns of functional activation with O(15)-PET during lexical decision in aphasic patients after middle cerebral artery stroke and to directly relate them to lesion information from structural MRI. Our results demonstrate that with jICA we could detect a network of compensatory increases in activity within bilateral anterior inferior temporal areas (BA20), which was not revealed by standard group comparisons. In addition, both types of analyses, jICA and group comparison, showed increased activity in the right posterior superior temporal gyrus in aphasic patients. Further, whereas standard analyses revealed no decreases in activation, jICA identified that left perisylvian lesions were associated with decreased activation of left posterior inferior frontal cortex, damaged in most patients, and extralesional remote decreases of activity within polar parts of the inferior temporal gyrus (BA38/20) and the occipital cortex (BA19). Taken together, our results demonstrate that jICA may be superior in revealing complex patterns of functional reorganisation in aphasia.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aphasia', 'Brain', 'Brain Mapping', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Nerve Net', 'Positron-Emission Tomography', 'Stroke']
| 19,524,049
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C10.597.606.150.500.800.100', 'C23.888.592.604.150.500.800.100'], ['A08.186.211'], ['E01.370.350.578.875.500', 'E01.370.376.537.625.500', 'E05.629.875.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['A08.511'], ['E01.370.350.350.800.700', 'E01.370.350.600.350.800.399', 'E01.370.350.710.800.399', 'E01.370.350.825.800.399', 'E01.370.384.730.800.399'], ['C10.228.140.300.775', 'C14.907.253.855']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Health-related quality of life in parents of school-age children with Asperger Syndrome or High-Functioning Autism.
|
BACKGROUND: The estimated prevalence rate of Pervasive Developmental Disorders (PDD) in children is 6 per 1.000. Parenting children who are intellectually impaired and have PDDs is known to be linked to the impaired well-being of the parents themselves. However, there is still little available data on health-related quality of life (HRQL) in parents of children with Asperger Syndrome (AS) and High-Functioning Autism (HFA), or other PDD diagnoses in children of normal intelligence. The present study aimed to evaluate aspects of HRQL in parents of school-age children with AS/HFA and the correlates with child behaviour characteristics.METHODS: The sample consisted of 31 mothers and 30 fathers of 32 children with AS/HFA and 30 mothers and 29 fathers of 32 age and gender matched children with typical development. Parental HRQL was surveyed by the use of the 12 Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-12) which measures physical and mental well-being. The child behaviour characteristics were assessed using the structured questionnaires: The High-Functioning Autism Spectrum Screening Questionnaire (ASSQ) and The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ).RESULTS: The mothers of children with AS/HFA had lower SF-12 scores than the controls, indicating poorer physical health. The mothers of children with AS/HFA also had lower physical SF-12 scores compared to the fathers. In the AS/HFA group, maternal health was related to behaviour problems such as hyperactivity and conduct problems in the child.CONCLUSION: Mothers but not fathers of children with AS/HFA reported impaired HRQL, and there was a relationship between maternal well-being and child behaviour characteristics.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Asperger Syndrome', 'Autistic Disorder', 'Caregivers', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Child', 'Disabled Children', 'Fathers', 'Female', 'Health Surveys', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Mothers', 'Parent-Child Relations', 'Parenting', 'Persons with Mental Disabilities', 'Quality of Life', 'Sleep', 'Sweden']
| 16,393,335
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['F03.625.164.113.250'], ['F03.625.164.113.500'], ['M01.085', 'M01.526.485.200', 'N02.360.200'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.150.200'], ['F01.829.263.500.320.100', 'I01.880.853.150.500.340.210', 'M01.620.390'], ['E05.318.308.980.438', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.829.263.500.320.200', 'I01.880.853.150.500.340.270', 'M01.620.630'], ['F01.829.263.370.290'], ['F01.829.263.370.310'], ['M01.150.600'], ['I01.800', 'K01.752.400.750', 'N06.850.505.400.425.837'], ['F02.830.855', 'G11.561.803'], ['Z01.542.816.500']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Appendectomy during childhood and adolescence and the subsequent risk of cancer in Sweden.
|
OBJECTIVE: Researchers have speculated that surgical excision of lymphoid tissue, such as appendectomy, early in life might confer an increased risk of cancer. In this study, we determined the risks of cancer for people who had appendectomy performed during childhood.METHODS: We studied the risk of cancer in a large Swedish cohort of children who had appendectomy performed during the period of 1965-1993. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) were computed using age-, gender-, and period-specific incidence rates derived from the entire Swedish population as comparison. Hospital discharge diagnosis data were used to examine cancer risks by categories of surgery, medical conditions, and type of appendicitis. The average length of follow-up was 11.2 years.RESULTS: We found no excess overall cancer risk but noted a significant excess for stomach cancer (SIR: 2.45; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.1-4.8) and a borderline increase of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL; SIR: 1.55; 95% CI: 1.0-2.3). The elevated risks for both cancers were only evident 15 or more years after appendectomy (stomach cancer, SIR: 3.82; 95% CI: 1.7-7.5; NHL, SIR: 2.49; 95% CI: 1.4-4.2).CONCLUSIONS: It is reassuring that there was no overall increase of cancer several years after childhood appendectomy. Increased risks for NHL and stomach cancer, occurring 15 or more years after appendectomy, were based on small absolute numbers of excess cancers. As 95% of the subjects were younger than 40 years at exit, this cohort requires continuing follow-up and monitoring.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Appendectomy', 'Appendicitis', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Hodgkin Disease', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasms', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Risk Factors', 'Sweden']
| 12,777,551
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['E04.210.078'], ['C01.463.099', 'C06.405.205.099', 'C06.405.469.110.207'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['C04.557.386.355', 'C15.604.515.569.355', 'C20.683.515.761.355'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['C04.557.386.480', 'C15.604.515.569.480', 'C20.683.515.761.480'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04'], ['C23.550.767'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['Z01.542.816.500']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Molecular characterization and cell cycle-regulated expression of a cDNA clone from Arabidopsis thaliana homologous to the small subunit of ribonucleotide reductase.
|
A cDNA clone isolated from an Arabidopsis thaliana cell suspension library showed highly significant homology to the small subunit of ribonucleotide reductase (R2) from different species. The 340 amino acid-long deduced putative protein contains all the residues that are important for the enzyme activity and structure. In A. thaliana this enzyme is encoded by a single-copy gene. In synchronized tobacco BY2 cells the corresponding mRNAs specifically accumulate during the S phase of the cell cycle.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Arabidopsis', 'Cloning, Molecular', 'DNA, Complementary', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Plant', 'Genes, Plant', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Plants, Toxic', 'RNA, Messenger', 'RNA, Plant', 'Ribonucleotide Reductases', 'S Phase', 'Sequence Alignment', 'Sequence Analysis, DNA', 'Sequence Homology, Amino Acid', 'Tobacco']
| 7,821,432
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.157.100'], ['E05.393.220'], ['D13.444.308.497.220', 'D13.444.600.223.500', 'D27.720.470.530.600.223.260'], ['G05.308.320'], ['G05.308.375'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.393', 'G05.360.340.365.500'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['B01.650.660'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['D13.444.735.635'], ['D08.811.682.810'], ['G02.111.225.880', 'G04.144.500.800', 'G05.226.880'], ['E05.393.751'], ['E05.393.760.700'], ['G02.111.810.200', 'G05.810.200'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.908.500.900']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Isolation and characterization of a Brazilian strain of yellow fever virus from an epizootic outbreak in 2009.
|
During a series of epizootics caused by Yellow fever virus in Brazil between 2007 and 2009, a monkey was found dead (May 2009) in a sylvatic area in the State of Paran?. Brain samples from this animal were used for immunohistochemical analysis and isolation of a wild-type strain of YFV. This viral strain was characterized, and sequence analyzes demonstrated that it is closely related with YFV strains of the recently identified subclade 1E of the South American genotype I. Further characterization included indirect-immunofluorescence of different infected cell lines and analysis of the kinetics of virus replication and infectivity inhibition by type I IFN. The generated data contributes to the knowledge of YFV evolution and phylogeny. Additionally, the reagents generated and characterized during this study, such as a panel of monoclonal antibodies, are useful tools for further studies on YFV. Lastly, this case stresses the importance of yellow fever surveillance through sentinel monkeys.
|
['Animals', 'Brazil', 'Disease Outbreaks', 'Genotype', 'Haplorhini', 'Monkey Diseases', 'Phylogeny', 'Yellow Fever', 'Yellow fever virus']
| 27,818,122
|
[['B01.050'], ['Z01.107.757.176'], ['N06.850.290'], ['G05.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400'], ['C22.735.500'], ['G05.697', 'G16.075.605', 'L01.100.697'], ['C01.920.500.980', 'C01.925.081.980', 'C01.925.782.350.250.980', 'C01.925.782.417.881'], ['B04.820.578.344.350.990']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Application of aryloximes as solid-phase ketone linkers.
|
In both solution and the solid phase, a variety of ketone oxime anions have been treated with 4-substituted-2-fluorobenzonitriles to give the corresponding nucleophilic aromatic substitution aryloxime adducts. Under aqueous acidic conditions, these adducts underwent cyclization to give the corresponding ketones. Suzuki and amide coupling reactions were also successfully performed on two resin-bound oximes followed by subsequent cyclorelease to give ketone product in good yields and purities. [reaction--see text]
|
['Cyclization', 'Hydrolysis', 'Ketones', 'Molecular Structure', 'Nitriles', 'Oximes']
| 12,509,877
|
[['G02.111.180', 'G02.607.133', 'G03.208'], ['G02.380'], ['D02.522'], ['G02.111.570', 'G02.466'], ['D02.626'], ['D02.092.570.665']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Health benefits achieved through the Seventh-Day Adventist Wellness Challenge program.
|
CONTEXT: The Wellness Challenge program introduces the philosophy of the healing power of God and stresses the importance of developing a sense of spirituality in conjunction with the promotion of good health.OBJECTIVE: To employ scientific rigor to the outcome measures of the Seventh-Day Adventist Wellness Challenge program.DESIGN: A 2-tailed, paired sample t test.SETTING: East Pasco Medical Center in Zephyrhills, Fla.PARTICIPANTS: 165 participants.INTERVENTION: Presurvey, 21-day outpatient wellness intervention; postsurvey, 6 weeks after completion of the program.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Changes in behaviors related to cigarette smoking, alcohol use, eating patterns, exercise, water consumption, rest, relaxation, and time spent outdoors, as well as demographic data.RESULTS: Statistically significant differences were found between the pre- and postprogram clinical and laboratory test results for the participants' blood pressure, weight, glucose levels, and cholesterol at .05 alpha. Furthermore, self-health improvements measured by a pre- and postsurvey response confirmed statistically significant improvement in participants' willingness to improve their lifestyle behaviors for a potentially greater quality of life.CONCLUSION: The Wellness Challenge program offers ways to reduce risk factors related to chronic disease while improving the quality of life within an adult population by allowing people to slowly incorporate newly acquired tools into their everyday life.
|
['Christianity', 'Female', 'Florida', 'Health Behavior', 'Health Promotion', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Outcome Assessment, Health Care', 'Religion and Medicine', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 11,076,448
|
[['K01.844.188'], ['Z01.107.567.875.750.350'], ['F01.145.488'], ['I02.233.332.445', 'N02.421.726.407.579'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['H01.770.644.145.431', 'N04.761.559.590', 'N05.715.360.575.575'], ['K01.844.619'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Humanities [K]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
[Thiol groups of chicken liver LDH (author's transl)].
|
Crystallized chicken liver H4 lactatedehydrogenase with PCBM and DTNB, proved to have sic thiol groups per enzyme molecule. Sulphydryl groups seemed necessary for activity since the enzyme became inactive when the groups were blocked by PCMB, DTNB or by Zn (II), Cu (II) or Hg (II). LDH inhibited by Hg (II) recovered its activity after treatment with beta-mercaptoentanol. LDH reversible inactivation, caused by PCMB, was partially impeded by NAD, NADH hand L-lactate but inactivation caused by DTNB was impeded in any way by coenzymes or substrates. PCMB is a competitive inhibitor with the coenzymes but is non-competitive with the substrates whereas DTNB is a competitive inhibitor with NADH or L-lactate. Kinetic studies of the DTNB inactivation suggest the possible formation of a DTNB-LDH-NADH complex. The formation of LDH-NADH and LDH-NAD pyruvate inactive complexes have been detected by U.V. absorbancy measurements. Such inactive complexes have equally been observed experimenting with the PCMB of Hg (II) previously treated enzyme. The results showed that these essential sulphydryl groups are not involved in th attaching of coenzymes or substrates to the chicken liver LDH molecule, but they seem to suggest the participation of --SH groups during the reversible hydrogen transfer between NADH and pyruvate.
|
['Animals', 'Chickens', 'L-Lactate Dehydrogenase', 'Liver']
| 1,257,566
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.248.350.150', 'B01.050.150.900.248.690.192'], ['D08.811.682.047.551.400', 'D08.811.682.047.820.493'], ['A03.620']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Results of operative treatment in chronic glaucoma with marked visual-field defects (author's transl)].
|
The authors analysed the cases of 13 patients, operated upon for chronic glaucoma with marked visual-field defects. The visual field was examined with a Zeiss spherical perimeter. The field area was calculated in cm2 by planimetric method before the operation and then some months after it, and the obtained results were compared. Special attention was paid to vascular disturbances. In most patients with regular vascular system, post-operative examination had revealed an increase of the visual field. The best results were obtained in patients with medium-size defects: in these cases the increase in the visual field amounted to ca. 33%. The authors recommended proceeding to operative treatment in glaucoma patients without delay whenever there are defects in the visual field, even when they are very pronounced.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Chronic Disease', 'Female', 'Glaucoma', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Visual Acuity', 'Visual Fields']
| 850,342
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C23.550.291.500'], ['C11.525.381'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.370.380.850.950', 'F02.463.593.932.901', 'G14.940'], ['F02.463.593.932.934', 'G14.950']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Inhibitory Control and Impulsivity Levels in Women Crack Users.
|
OBJECTIVE: investigate impulsivity levels and inhibitory control in women crack users and explore the relationships between impulsivity and inhibitory control.METHOD AND DESIGN: 52 healthy women (M = 32.83 years; SD = 9.54) and 46 crack cocaine users (M = 31.02 years; SD = 7.73), in abstinence, performed the assessment protocol included a Sociodemographic Data Questionnaire, Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), a GO/No-Go Task and the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11 (BIS-11). It was a quantitative research with cross-sectional design and control group.RESULTS: crack group showed higher levels of impulsivity in all domains when compared to the control group (crack group M = 76.39, SD = 11.39, control group M = 58.53, SD = 10.76, p <.01). Participants from the crack group presented a significantly higher total reaction time in the Go-NoGo task (F(1,93) = 9.93, p =.002; effect size =.09, observed power =.87) and significantly more commission (F(1,93) = 7.20, p =.009; effect size =.07, observed power =.75) and omission errors (F(1,93) = 6.04, p =.01; effect size =.06, observed power =.68), in Go/NoGo Task. Groups did also significantly differ on total standard deviations suggesting that variability in total reaction time was significantly greater in the crack group. Results showed that only in the crack group there were significant correlations between Go-NoGo parameters and Barratt Impulsiveness Scale.CONCLUSIONS: Our findings are consistent that impulsivity and inhibitory control are closely linked to crack use in women. Future studies should consider to evaluate crack users in different withdrawal times, controlling the impact of abstinence time in the variables studied.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Crack Cocaine', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Drug Users', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Impulsive Behavior', 'Inhibition, Psychological', 'Middle Aged', 'Neuropsychological Tests', 'Young Adult']
| 29,116,870
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['D02.145.074.722.388.250', 'D03.132.889.354.250', 'D03.605.084.500.722.388.250', 'D03.605.869.388.250', 'D26.878.250'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['M01.169'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.145.527'], ['F01.145.544', 'F02.463.425.475', 'F02.739.794.405'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['F04.711.513'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Persistent changes of corticostriatal plasticity in dt(sz) mutant hamsters after age-dependent remission of dystonia.
|
Abnormal plasticity in the cortico-basal ganglia-thalamocortical loop has been suggested to represent a key factor in the pathophysiology of dystonia. In a model of primary paroxysmal dystonia, the dt(sz) mutant hamster, previous experiments have shown a strongly increased long-term potentiation (LTP) in comparison to non-dystonic control hamsters. These basal changes, i.e. in the absence of dystonia, were found in young animals at an age of 5 weeks, when the age-dependent dystonia in dt(sz) mutant reaches highest severity. In the present study we examined in corticostriatal slices (1) whether the increases in synaptic plasticity can be modulated by stressful stimuli which induce dystonic episodes in young mutant hamsters, and (2) whether increases of LTP persist after spontaneous remission of dystonia in animals older than 10 weeks. The present data show that in slices of young mutant hamsters the extent of LTP was not influenced by the presence of dystonia: In comparison to age-matched control hamsters, LTP was increased in mutant hamsters independent of preceding stressful stimulation. After remission of dystonia, i.e., in older dt(sz) mutant hamsters >10 weeks, only LTP could be elicited, while in preparations from age-matched control hamsters, either LTP or long-term depression developed, depending on previous behavioral challenge. We conclude that in mature brain, corticostriatal connections have the potential for changes in metaplasticity, while in dt(sz) mutant hamsters this metaplasticity is persistently infringed even though stress-inducible dystonic symptoms are lost.
|
['Aging', 'Animals', 'Behavior, Animal', 'Cerebral Cortex', 'Cricetinae', 'Dystonia', 'Dystonic Disorders', 'Dystrophin', 'Electrophysiological Phenomena', 'Evoked Potentials', 'Female', 'Long-Term Potentiation', 'Male', 'Mesocricetus', 'Mutation', 'Neostriatum', 'Neuronal Plasticity', 'Neurons, Afferent', 'Presynaptic Terminals', 'Remission, Spontaneous', 'Stress, Psychological']
| 23,827,309
|
[['G07.345.124'], ['B01.050'], ['F01.145.113'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.075.250'], ['C10.597.350.300', 'C23.888.592.350.300'], ['C10.228.662.300'], ['D12.776.210.500.250', 'D12.776.220.250', 'D12.776.543.250'], ['G07.265'], ['G07.265.216.500', 'G11.561.200.500'], ['G11.561.638.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.075.250.500'], ['G05.365.590'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.249.487.550'], ['G11.561.638'], ['A08.675.650', 'A11.671.650'], ['A08.675.542.145.750', 'A08.850.700', 'A11.284.149.165.420.780.700', 'A11.671.137.750', 'A11.671.501.145.750'], ['C23.550.291.656.700', 'G16.767'], ['F01.145.126.990', 'F02.830.900']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[One of the possible regimes of bursting activity in the Hodgkin-Huxley model].
|
A mathematical model of the Hodgkin--Huxley neuron membrane that comprises a "fast" second-order system and two "slow" equations is considered. The criterion for a self-oscillatory solution similar to the bursting activity in pacemaker neurons is found. The results obtained agree well with the computations carried out for the initial model.
|
['Animals', 'Computers', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Mathematics', 'Membrane Potentials', 'Models, Neurological', 'Neurons', 'Snails']
| 3,719,021
|
[['B01.050'], ['L01.224.230.260'], ['E05.481'], ['H01.548'], ['G01.154.535', 'G04.580', 'G07.265.675', 'G11.561.570'], ['E05.599.395.642'], ['A08.675', 'A11.671'], ['B01.050.500.644.400.750']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Trapezial arthroplasty with silicone rubber implantation for advanced osteoarthritis of the trapeziometacarpal joint of the thumb.
|
INTRODUCTION: Arthritis in the trapeziometacarpal joint of the thumb can cause swelling and loss of motion. Treatment options include arthrodesis, replacement arthroplasty and interposition arthroplasty. Our objective in this clinical study was to determine outcomes after trapezial arthroplasty with a silicone rubber implant and the relationship between self-reported and measured outcomes.METHODS: At the Hand and Upper Limb Centre, St. Joseph's Hospital, London, Ont., a tertiary care centre, we reviewed a series of 26 patients with advanced osteoarthritis who underwent silicone rubber trapezial arthroplasty. The follow-up averaged 6.5 years. We assessed the outcomes subjectively, and by clinical, functional and radiographic examination.RESULTS: Although 88% of patients reported some improvement in pain and satisfaction, when quantified the improvement was less impressive: only 5.7 (on a visual analogue scale of 1-10, poor-excellent) for pain and 5.6 for satisfaction. Superior subjective results were reported by patients older than 60 years. Osteoarthritic changes had caused pronounced functional impairment in the hands of patients who underwent surgery and those who did not, so that any long-term benefit of surgery was not measurable. Patients had difficulty manipulating both small and large objects on the Jebsen's hand function test. Peri-implant and carpal radiographic lytic changes were observed in 90% of patients. Six patients (20%) required revision surgery (3 early, 3 late), including 1 with a pathologic scaphoid fracture.CONCLUSIONS: Although clinical, functional and radiographic results were poor, they did not predict either satisfaction or pain improvement reported by patients, illustrating the need for a comprehensive standardized outcome evaluation to make informed decisions on the value of surgical intervention for osteoarthritis of the trapeziometacarpal joint.
|
['Adult', 'Age Factors', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Arthroplasty', 'Bone Wires', 'Female', 'Hand Strength', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Osteoarthritis', 'Patient Satisfaction', 'Prostheses and Implants', 'Radiography', 'Range of Motion, Articular', 'Reoperation', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Silicone Elastomers', 'Thumb', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 12,691,346
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['E04.555.110', 'E04.680.101'], ['E07.695.370.468', 'E07.858.442.660.460.468', 'E07.858.690.725.460.468'], ['E01.370.600.425.500', 'G11.427.560.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C05.550.114.606', 'C05.799.613'], ['F01.100.150.750.625', 'F01.145.488.887.625', 'N04.452.822.700', 'N05.300.150.800.625', 'N05.715.360.600'], ['E07.695'], ['E01.370.350.700'], ['E01.370.600.700', 'G11.427.760'], ['E04.690'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['D05.750.900.850.900', 'D25.720.327.900', 'D25.720.900.850.900', 'J01.637.051.720.327.900', 'J01.637.051.720.900.850.900', 'J01.637.412.900'], ['A01.378.800.667.430.705'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
[The endodontist and AIDS].
|
Results of 235 surveys applied to odontologists performing root canal treatments to ascertain their general knowledge about AIDS. Special emphasis is made on preventive measures they take in their daily practice during handling of the patient, instruments and materials. The most outstanding characteristics of the disease are mentioned and some recommendations set forth for an adequate and safe treatment of the patient at the dentist's office.
|
['Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome', 'Attitude of Health Personnel', 'Endodontics', 'Humans', 'Patients', 'Root Canal Therapy', 'Surveys and Questionnaires']
| 2,131,457
|
[['C01.221.250.875.040', 'C01.221.812.640.400.040', 'C01.778.640.400.040', 'C01.925.782.815.616.400.040', 'C01.925.813.400.040', 'C01.925.839.040', 'C20.673.480.040'], ['F01.100.050', 'N05.300.100'], ['E06.397', 'H02.163.876.213'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.643'], ['E06.397.778'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Selective targeting of E. coli heat-stable enterotoxin analogs to human colon cancer cells.
|
BACKGROUND: Radiolabeled analogs of the E. coli heat-stable enterotoxin (ST(h)) are currently under study as imaging and therapeutic agents for colorectal cancer. The aim of these studies is to compare in vitro and in vivo characteristics of two novel ST(h) analogs with appended DOTA chelating moieties.MATERIALS AND METHODS: ST(h) analogs were synthesized with pendant N-terminal DOTA moieties and radiolabeled with indium-111. In vitro cell binding was studied using cultured T-84 human colorectal cancer cells, and in vivo biodistribution studies were carried out using T-84 human colorectal tumor xenografts in SCID mice.RESULTS: Competitive radioligand binding assays employing T-84 human colon cancer cells demonstrated similar IC50 values for the F19-ST(h)(2-19) and F9-ST(h)(6-19) analogs. Addition of DOTA to the N-terminus of these peptides elicited distinctly different effects on binding affinities in vitro, effects that were largely unchanged by metallation with nonradioactive (nat)In. In vivo pharmacokinetic studies in SCID mice bearing T-84 human colon cancer-derived tumor xenografts demonstrated tumor uptake of 0.74 +/- 0.1% ID/g at 4 h post-injection (p.i.) for the 111In-DOTA-F19-ST(h)(2-19) analog, and significantly reduced tumor localization (0.27 + 0.08 % ID/g) for the 111In-DOTA-F9-ST(h)(6-19) analog.CONCLUSION: These results demonstrate that placement of a DOTA moiety immediately adjacent to Cys 6 in ST(h) significantly inhibits receptor binding in vitro and in vivo, highlighting the need for intervening spacer residues between the pharmacophore and the DOTA chelating moiety in effective ST(h)-based radiopharmaceutical constructs.
|
['Animals', 'Bacterial Toxins', 'Binding, Competitive', 'Colonic Neoplasms', 'Enterotoxins', 'Escherichia coli Proteins', 'Female', 'Heterocyclic Compounds, 1-Ring', 'Hot Temperature', 'Humans', 'Indium Radioisotopes', 'Ligands', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred ICR', 'Mice, SCID', 'Protein Binding', 'Protein Denaturation', 'Radionuclide Imaging', 'Radiopharmaceuticals', 'Transplantation, Heterologous', 'Tumor Cells, Cultured']
| 17,094,436
|
[['B01.050'], ['D23.946.123'], ['E05.196.080', 'G02.111.084', 'G02.111.570.120.309'], ['C04.588.274.476.411.307.180', 'C06.301.371.411.307.180', 'C06.405.249.411.307.180', 'C06.405.469.158.356.180', 'C06.405.469.491.307.180'], ['D23.946.330'], ['D12.776.097.275'], ['D03.383'], ['G01.906.595.543', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710.380', 'G16.500.750.775.710.380', 'N06.230.300.100.725.232', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D01.496.749.460'], ['D27.720.470.480'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.510', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.510'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.780'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808'], ['G01.154.651.750.500', 'G02.111.688.750.500'], ['E01.370.350.710', 'E01.370.384.730'], ['D27.505.259.843', 'D27.505.519.871', 'D27.720.470.410.650'], ['E04.936.764'], ['A11.251.860']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Congenital saccular anterior urethral diverticulum.
|
Congenital saccular diverticulum is an uncommon abnormality of the anterior urethra in the male. In seven cases (6 infants and an 8-year-old boy) the diverticulum was well demonstrated by voiding cystourethrography and/or retrograde urethrography. In patients with saccular anterior urethral diverticulum, contrast material fills an oval outpouching of the ventral aspect of the anterior urethra. The clinical presentation, unique radiologic appearance, and differential diagnostic considerations are reviewed.
|
['Child', 'Diagnosis, Differential', 'Diverticulum', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Male', 'Radiography', 'Sex Factors', 'Urethra', 'Urethral Diseases', 'Urethral Obstruction']
| 6,789,371
|
[['M01.060.406'], ['E01.171'], ['C06.405.205.282.750', 'C23.300.415'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['E01.370.350.700'], ['N05.715.350.675', 'N06.850.490.875'], ['A05.360.444.492.726', 'A05.810.876'], ['C12.777.767', 'C13.351.968.767'], ['C12.777.767.700', 'C13.351.968.767.700']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Viscosity of contrast media perturbs renal hemodynamics.
|
Contrast-induced nephropathy is a common cause of acute renal failure, and the mechanisms underlying this injury are not completely understood. We sought to determine how physicochemical properties of contrast media may contribute to kidney damage in rats. We administered contrast media of equivalent iodine concentrations but differing physiocochemical properties: the high-osmolality iopromide was compared to the high-viscosity iodixanol. In addition, the non-iodinated substances mannitol (equivalent osmolality to iopromide) and dextran (equivalent viscosity to iodixanol) were also studied. Both types of contrast media transiently increased renal and hindquarter blood flow. The high-osmolality agents iopromide and mannitol markedly increased urine production whereas iodixanol, which caused less diuresis, significantly enhanced urine viscosity. Only the high-viscosity agents iodixanol and dextran decreased renal medullary blood flux, erythrocyte concentration, and pO2. Moreover, iodixanol prolonged the tubuloglomerular feedback response and increased plasma creatinine levels to a greater extent than iopromide or dextran. Therefore, the viscosity of contrast media may play a significant role in contrast-induced nephropathy.
|
['Animals', 'Contrast Media', 'Hemodynamics', 'Hindlimb', 'Iohexol', 'Osmolar Concentration', 'Rats', 'Regional Blood Flow', 'Renal Circulation', 'Triiodobenzoic Acids', 'Urination', 'Viscosity']
| 17,942,967
|
[['B01.050'], ['D27.505.259.500', 'D27.720.259'], ['G09.330.380'], ['A13.473'], ['D02.241.223.100.400.880.400', 'D02.455.426.559.389.127.375.880.400'], ['G02.640'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['G09.330.100.780'], ['G08.852.725', 'G09.330.100.812'], ['D02.241.223.100.400.880', 'D02.455.426.559.389.127.375.880'], ['G08.852.880'], ['G02.930']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Tumor vaccines: effects and fate of IL-2 transfected murine melanoma cells in vivo.
|
We have previously demonstrated the general usefulness of the adenovirus-enhanced transferrinfection (AVET) in the generation of IL-2 producing tumor vaccines. By optimizing different parameters of the transfection protocol we were able to transform the poorly immunogenic M-3 mouse melanoma cell line into a potent immunogen. A long-lasting immunity was demonstrated after administration of the IL-2 releasing vaccine, since immunized animals successfully rejected native M-3 melanoma cells even after a period of more than 6 months. We also demonstrated that in vivo administration of such a vaccine is safe since transmission of the transfected IL-2 gene in host organs was not detected. IL-2 production ceased 2 days after injection because the engineered cells were destroyed. However, RT-PCR analysis of the site of vaccine injection suggests that IL-2 exerts its effects not only directly but also by inducing a set of other immunomodulator cytokines in situ that are probably indispensable in inducing a host response. We conclude that AVET of IL-2 into tumor cells is a safe and efficient method for the generation of tumor vaccines.
|
['Adenoviridae', 'Animals', 'Female', 'Interleukin-2', 'Male', 'Melanoma, Experimental', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred DBA', 'Time Factors', 'Transfection', 'Tumor Cells, Cultured', 'Vaccination', 'Vaccines, Attenuated']
| 7,657,408
|
[['B04.280.030'], ['B01.050'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.021', 'D12.644.276.374.480.372', 'D12.776.467.374.465.021', 'D12.776.467.374.480.372', 'D23.529.374.465.155', 'D23.529.374.480.372'], ['C04.557.465.625.650.510.525', 'C04.557.580.625.650.510.525', 'C04.557.665.510.525', 'C04.619.600', 'E05.598.500.496.937'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.500'], ['G01.910.857'], ['E05.393.350.810', 'G05.728.860'], ['A11.251.860'], ['E02.095.465.425.400.530.890', 'E05.478.550.600.890', 'N02.421.726.758.310.890', 'N06.850.780.200.425.900', 'N06.850.780.680.310.890'], ['D20.215.894.811']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Cosmetic tail docking: an overview of abuse and report of an interesting case.
|
BACKGROUND: This paper presents an overview of the global controversies surrounding cosmetic tail docking in puppies, some observed inconsistent practices among dog breeders and Veterinarians in West Africa, and the need for the African Veterinary Profession to take a decisive position on the cosmetic docking procedure.CASE PRESENTATION: An interesting report of observed complications associated with cosmetic tail docking in a 3 week old male Boerboel is reported alongside the management of the ensuing complications.CONCLUSION: This paper highlights the still prevalent practice of cosmetic tail docking and seeks to enlighten clinicians towards stemming its abuse in Africa.
|
['Amputation', 'Animal Welfare', 'Animals', 'Dogs', 'Male', 'Tail']
| 26,927,281
|
[['E04.555.080'], ['I01.880.604.100'], ['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.250.216.200'], ['A13.895']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Round-the-clock blood pressure measurements in 352 persons--a reference material].
|
The aim of this study was to establish reference values for 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure in a Danish population stratified for gender and age in the decades from 20 to 79 years of age. A sample of 352 persons, 179 men and 173 women randomly selected from the local community register, age 20-79 years underwent 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. For men age < 50 daytime ambulatory blood pressure (median) was 125/79 mmHg and night time was 106/65 mmHg, for women the respective pressures were 113/77 mmHg and 97/64 mmHg. For men age > or = 50 daytime ambulatory blood pressure was 133/83 mmHg and night time was 124/86 mmHg, for women the respective pressures were 122/83 mmHg and 105/65 mmHg. Presently, we can only relate cardiovascular risk to clinic blood pressure. Therefore we have calculated corresponding ambulatory blood pressure values to WHO's upper limit 160/90 mmHg for normal blood pressure in the clinic and found 154/87 mmHg for daytime and 134/74 mmHg at night. For a clinic pressure of 95 mmHg the corresponding daytime value was 91 mmHg, for 100 mmHg it was 95 mmHg.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory', 'Cross-Over Studies', 'Denmark', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Reference Values']
| 8,999,617
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E01.370.370.140.100', 'E01.370.520.500.100'], ['E05.318.370.150', 'N05.715.360.325.150', 'N06.850.520.445.150'], ['Z01.542.816.124'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.978.810']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
The conserved 3'-flanking sequence, AATGGAAATG, of the wheat histone H3 gene is necessary for the accurate 3'-end formation of mRNA.
|
We examined the 3'-flanking regions required for accurate 3'-end formation of wheat histone H3 mRNA using gene expression in transformed sunflower cells. The introduction of mutations into the conserved sequence AATGGAAATG in the 3'-flanking region of plant histone genes, located 22 bp upstream from the polyadenylation site of the wheat H3 gene (TH012), completely abolished the 3'-end formation of mRNA at the authentic 3' end without affecting the transcription efficiency. However, a 0.8 kbp sequence containing this motif could not produce a normal 3' end when joined to the 3' end of the nopaline synthase (NOS) gene instead of its 3' sequence. The results indicated that this conserved sequence is necessary but not sufficient for the 3'-end formation of H3 or NOS mRNA. Deletion of a 59 bp sequence, located 19 bp upstream from the AATGGAAATG sequence, also reduced the 3'-end formation efficiency by a factor of 10, compared with the efficiency in wild-type gene. We concluded that 3'-end formation of wheat histone H3 mRNA is regulated by multiple sequences including the AATGGAAATG motif.
|
['Amino Acid Oxidoreductases', 'Base Sequence', 'Binding Sites', 'Conserved Sequence', 'Gene Deletion', 'Gene Expression', 'Histones', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Poly A', 'RNA Precursors', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Transcription, Genetic', 'Triticum']
| 8,152,910
|
[['D08.811.682.664.500'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['G02.111.570.120'], ['G02.111.570.580'], ['G05.365.590.762.320', 'G05.558.800.320'], ['G05.297'], ['D12.776.157.687.485', 'D12.776.660.720.485', 'D12.776.664.469'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['D13.695.578.550.500'], ['D13.400.730', 'D13.444.735.640'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['G02.111.873', 'G05.297.700'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.822.918']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Workshop studies with monoclonal antibodies identifying a novel porcine differentiation antigen, SWC9.
|
Two monoclonal antibodies (mAb) within cluster M4 of the myeloid section of the Second International Swine CD Workshop, C4 (No. 144) and PM18-7 (No. 192), showed reactivity with thymocytes and among cells of myelomonocytic origin with mature macrophages but not with monocytes and granulocytes. Both mAb recognize a protein showing two bands of 205 kDa and 130 kDa under both reducing and non-reducing conditions. Although epitope mapping with these mAb could not be performed, this cluster received the SWC9 designation.
|
['Animals', 'Antibodies, Monoclonal', 'Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic', 'Kinetics', 'Macrophages', 'Macrophages, Alveolar', 'Monocytes', 'Precipitin Tests', 'Swine', 'Swine, Miniature', 'T-Lymphocyte Subsets']
| 9,589,572
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224'], ['D23.050.301.264.900', 'D23.101.100.900'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['A11.329.372', 'A11.627.482', 'A11.733.397', 'A15.382.670.522', 'A15.382.680.397'], ['A11.329.372.600', 'A11.627.482.600', 'A11.733.397.600', 'A15.382.670.522.600', 'A15.382.680.397.600'], ['A11.118.637.555.652', 'A11.148.580', 'A11.627.624', 'A11.733.547', 'A15.145.229.637.555.652', 'A15.378.316.580', 'A15.382.490.555.652', 'A15.382.670.547', 'A15.382.680.547'], ['E01.370.225.812.735.645', 'E05.196.150.639.500', 'E05.200.812.735.645', 'E05.478.594.760.645', 'E05.478.605.492'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.880'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.880.399.800'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.550.500', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.500', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.550.500', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.500', 'A15.382.490.555.567.550.500', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.500']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
"Piler Dirt" Survey for the Sampling and Detection of Potato Cyst Nematodes.
|
Potato cyst nematodes are a significant threat to potato production worldwide and have important economic impacts due to yield losses but also because of the expenses associated with regulation procedures. In order to reduce the sampling labor, an alternative strategy named the "Piler Dirt" that collects the soil carried with potato tubers during their transfer to storage was proposed. The method showed a better sensitivity than the reference method to detect fields infested with G. rostochiensis. The quantification of the number of cysts per kilogram of soil was proportional between the two methods at low and moderate population densities (R2 = 0.885) but no correlations were found at high density. However, the quantity of soil generated by the method was exceedingly large to be treated by diagnostic labs. It was shown that subsampling six aliquots, each equivalent to 5,000 cm3/ha, from the total quantity of soil generated by the Piler Dirt method, resulted in a probability of 97% to detect infested fields, 95% of the time in our dataset. Overall, Piler Dirt appears as a good compromise to reduce labor time and cost without significantly affecting sensitivity. However, it will be challenging to implement because it needs to be done simultaneously with harvest and will require the participation of farmers during a busy period.
|
['Animals', 'Plant Tubers', 'Soil', 'Solanum tuberosum', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Tylenchoidea']
| 31,169,084
|
[['B01.050'], ['A18.400.625'], ['D20.721', 'G01.311.820', 'G16.500.275.815', 'N06.230.600'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.908.500.725.777'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['B01.050.500.500.294.400.984.825']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Epithelioid leiomyosarcoma of the stomach. A case study of the intermediate filaments.
|
The intermediate filament typing of skeletal and smooth muscle tumors has shown that these neoplasms are characterized by the combined expression of desmin and vimentin intermediate filaments. A case of epithelioid leiomyosarcoma of the stomach was studied by conventional light microscopy and by indirect immunofluorescence using tissue-specific antibodies against intermediate filaments. The tumor cells labeled strongly with vimentin antibodies and were negative for desmin and prekeratin. This peculiar staining pattern may be the result of poor differentiation of the tumor cells with resultant loss of expression of desmin, or may be due to origin from a distinctive smooth muscle cell characterized by the exclusive expression of vimentin intermediate filaments.
|
['Cytoskeleton', 'Female', 'Fluorescent Antibody Technique', 'Humans', 'Intermediate Filaments', 'Leiomyosarcoma', 'Microscopy, Electron', 'Middle Aged', 'Stomach Neoplasms']
| 3,300,387
|
[['A11.284.430.214.190.750'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512.240', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512.240', 'E05.200.500.607.512.240', 'E05.200.750.551.512.240', 'E05.478.583.375'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.750.410'], ['C04.557.450.590.455', 'C04.557.450.795.455'], ['E01.370.350.515.402', 'E05.595.402'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04.588.274.476.767', 'C06.301.371.767', 'C06.405.249.767', 'C06.405.748.789']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Acetate synthesis from carbon monoxide by Clostridium thermoaceticum. Purification of the corrinoid protein.
|
A corrinoid protein has been purified from Clostridium thermoaceticum which is required for the synthesis of acetyl-CoA from carbon monoxide and methyltetrahydrofolate. The purified protein is an alpha beta dimer with subunit molecular weights of 34,000 and 55,000, respectively, and contains 0.69 mol of corrinoid/mol of dimer. The corrinoid protein is methylated in the presence of methyltransferase and methyltetrahydrofolate; methylation is on the cobalt of the corrinoid moiety of the protein. When 14C-methylated protein is incubated with Fraction F3, ATP, CoASH, and CO, [14C]acetyl-CoA is formed. Methylation of cobalamin (B12) is catalyzed by the methyltransferase but methylcobalamin does not substitute for the methylated corrinoid protein as the source of methyl in the formation of acetyl-CoA.
|
['Acetates', 'Carbon Monoxide', 'Clostridium', 'Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel', 'Kinetics', 'Methyltransferases', 'Molecular Weight', 'Spectrophotometry']
| 6,746,629
|
[['D02.241.081.018', 'D10.251.400.045'], ['D01.200.250', 'D01.362.200', 'D01.650.550.250'], ['B03.300.390.400.200', 'B03.353.625.375.500', 'B03.510.415.400.200'], ['E05.196.401.402', 'E05.301.300.319'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['D08.811.913.555.500'], ['G02.494'], ['E05.196.712.726', 'E05.196.867.826']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Psychosocial outcomes of cancer: a comparative analysis of Hodgkin's disease and testicular cancer.
|
PURPOSE: The psychosocial outcomes of testicular cancer and Hodgkin's disease were compared to test our hypotheses that more specific dysfunction and less hiding of symptoms would be found in the former group, as cancer visibly affects a sexual organ. Since those with Hodgkin's disease could more easily deny the disease, poorer psychosocial adjustment was predicted.PATIENTS AND METHODS: The sample consists of 85 men with Hodgkin's disease and 88 men with testicular cancer (seminomatous, n = 39; or nonseminomatous, n = 49). They were interviewed once, at least 1 year following the end of treatment. Measures of sociodemographic characteristics, physical functioning, psychologic distress, and social outcomes were collected. Treatment data were collected from medical records.RESULTS: Men with testicular cancer report more focused symptoms: less sexual enjoyment and poor health habits. Men with Hodgkin's disease report more generalized symptoms: fatigue, energy loss, and work impairment. Multivariate analysis indicates that most of these differences are site-related; independent effects of treatment on outcomes were found for more generalized symptoms. Contrary to expectations, both groups reported similar levels of infertility and erectile dysfunction.CONCLUSION: The response to testicular cancer is site-specific, while the response to Hodgkin's disease is related to both site and treatment (stage-related).
|
['Activities of Daily Living', 'Adult', 'Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols', 'Dysgerminoma', 'Female', 'Hodgkin Disease', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Quality of Life', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Socioeconomic Factors', 'Testicular Neoplasms', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 8,487,061
|
[['E02.760.169.063.500.067', 'E02.831.067', 'I03.050', 'N02.421.784.110'], ['M01.060.116'], ['E02.183.750.500', 'E02.319.077.500', 'E02.319.310.037'], ['C04.557.465.330.300'], ['C04.557.386.355', 'C15.604.515.569.355', 'C20.683.515.761.355'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['I01.800', 'K01.752.400.750', 'N06.850.505.400.425.837'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['I01.880.853.996', 'N01.824'], ['C04.588.322.762', 'C04.588.945.440.915', 'C12.294.260.937', 'C12.758.409.937', 'C19.344.762', 'C19.391.829.782'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Potentiation of Na+-dependent uptake of gamma-aminobutyric acid in mouse brain particles by buffer-mediated proton removal.
|
A number of buffers showed a remarkable facilitatory effect on the uptake of GABA into a mouse brain microsomal subfraction (P3) at 0 degrees C and pH 7.3 in the presence of 80 mM NaCl. Complete dose-response curves were obtained for 21 buffers, ranging in pKa values from 6.2 to 9.9. The data are consistent with the interpretation that the unprotonated forms of the buffers are responsible for the enhancement of GABA uptake by P3 particles and that this is a result of the removal of protons from a membrane site (or sites) in such a manner as to allow the GABA transporter to function. However, the enhancing effects of the buffers could not solely be attributable to unhindered interaction of protonated membrane sites with unprotonated forms of the buffer. Additional factors related to structures of the buffers and membrane properties which might be importantly operative in the enhancement are discussed.
|
['Animals', 'Biological Transport, Active', 'Brain', 'Buffers', 'Cations, Monovalent', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Kinetics', 'Mice', 'Microsomes', 'Protons', 'Sodium', 'Structure-Activity Relationship', 'gamma-Aminobutyric Acid']
| 2,997,641
|
[['B01.050'], ['G03.143.310'], ['A08.186.211'], ['D27.720.470.280'], ['D01.248.497.300.459'], ['G02.300'], ['E05.481'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['A11.284.835.540'], ['D01.248.497.300.459.700', 'D01.268.406.750', 'D01.362.340.750', 'G01.249.660.500'], ['D01.268.549.750', 'D01.268.557.650', 'D01.552.528.850', 'D01.552.547.725'], ['G02.111.830', 'G07.690.773.997'], ['D02.241.081.114.500.350', 'D12.125.190.350']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Fattiviracin A1, a novel antiherpetic agent produced by Streptomyces microflavus Strain No. 2445. I. Taxonomy, fermentation, isolation, physico-chemical properties and structure elucidation.
|
A novel antiherpetic agent, fattiviracin A1, was isolated from the culture broth of strain No. 2445 identified as Streptomyces microflavus. It was purified through 1-butanol extraction, column chromatographies on Diaion HP-10 and silica gel and HPLC using a reverse phase column. The structure of fattiviracin A1 was determined by several spectroscopic experiments and chemical degradations. It is a new macrocyclic diester consisting of four D-glucose units and two (C24 and C33) hydroxy fatty acids. It is closely related to cycloviracins B1 and B2, but differs from these known compounds in both the length of its side chain and the sugar moiety.
|
['Antiviral Agents', 'Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'Chromatography, Thin Layer', 'Fermentation', 'Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy', 'Molecular Structure', 'Simplexvirus', 'Spectrometry, Mass, Fast Atom Bombardment', 'Streptomyces']
| 9,820,232
|
[['D27.505.954.122.388'], ['E05.196.181.400.300'], ['E05.196.181.400.537'], ['G02.111.158.249', 'G03.191.249'], ['E05.196.867.519'], ['G02.111.570', 'G02.466'], ['B04.280.382.100.750'], ['E05.196.566.750'], ['B03.300.390.400.810.768', 'B03.510.024.997.775', 'B03.510.415.400.810.768', 'B03.510.460.410.810.768']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Sorption-desorption behavior of pesticides and their degradation products in volcanic and nonvolcanic soils: interpretation of interactions through two-way principal component analysis.
|
Sorption-desorption behavior of six pesticides and some degradation products was assessed on seven agricultural volcanic and nonvolcanic soils belonging to Andisol, Ultisol, Mollisol, and Alfisol orders. The global interpretation of sorption data was performed by principal component analysis. Results showed exceptionally high sorption of glyphosate and aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) (the breakdown product) on volcanic soils (K f > 1500 ìg(1 - 1 / n) mL(1 / n) g(-1)) related mainly to contents of amorphous aluminum oxides (Andisols) and crystalline minerals (Ultisols). The lower sorption on nonvolcanic soils was associated to low organic matter contents and lack of significant minerals. Metsulfuron-methyl and 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (metabolite of chlorpyrifos) were weakly to substantially sorbed on Andisols and Ultisols, but the first one was not sorbed at pH > 6.4, including nonvolcanic soils. The metabolite of diazinon, 2-isopropyl-4-methyl-6-hydroxypyrimidine, was weakly sorbed on all soils (K f = 0.4 to 3.6 ìg(1 - 1 / n) mL(1 / n) g(-1)). Acidic compounds would be lixiviated in Mollisols and Alfisols, but they could leach also in Andisols and Ultisols if they reach greater depths. Atrazine and deethylatrazine sorption was related to organic carbon content; therefore, they were weakly retained on nonvolcanic soils (K f = 0.7 to 2.2 ìg(1 - 1 / n) mL(1 / n) g(-1)). Chlorpyrifos was highly sorbed on all soils reaching K OC values of >8000. Finally, the significant retention of chlorothalonil and diazinon on Mollisols and Alfisols in spite of their low OC contents showed the contribution of clay minerals in the sorption process.
|
['Adsorption', 'Analysis of Variance', 'Arylsulfonates', 'Atrazine', 'Chlorpyrifos', 'Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'Glycine', 'Isoxazoles', 'Organophosphonates', 'Pesticides', 'Principal Component Analysis', 'Soil', 'Soil Pollutants', 'Tetrazoles', 'Volcanic Eruptions', 'X-Ray Diffraction']
| 25,561,264
|
[['G01.030', 'G02.020'], ['E05.318.740.150', 'N05.715.360.750.125', 'N06.850.520.830.150'], ['D02.886.645.600.080.050'], ['D03.383.931.247'], ['D02.705.400.625.100', 'D02.705.539.345.100', 'D02.886.300.692.100'], ['E05.196.181.400.300'], ['D12.125.481'], ['D03.383.129.385'], ['D02.705.429'], ['D27.720.031.700', 'D27.888.723'], ['E05.318.740.562'], ['D20.721', 'G01.311.820', 'G16.500.275.815', 'N06.230.600'], ['D27.888.284.756'], ['D03.383.129.617'], ['G01.311.955'], ['E05.196.309.742', 'E05.196.822.950', 'G01.867.950', 'G02.965']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Dietary restraint and negative affect as mediators of body dissatisfaction and bulimic behavior in adolescent girls and boys.
|
Stice's dual pathway model of dietary restraint and negative affect was examined in both adolescent girls and boys. Self-report measures assessing body dissatisfaction, dietary restraint, negative affect and bulimic behavior were administered to 267 girls and 199 boys aged between 12 and 16 years. The findings for the girls were consistent with Stice's model, in that they indicated that both dietary restraint and negative affect mediated the relationship between body dissatisfaction and bulimic behavior. For the boys who desired a thinner body size, only negative affect was found to mediate the relationship between body dissatisfaction and bulimic behavior. On the other hand, for boys who desired a larger body size, both body dissatisfaction and dietary restraint were found to exert an independent effect on bulimic behavior. As boys can aspire to two contrasting and seemingly opposite body size ideals, the findings highlight that the relationship between body dissatisfaction, dietary restraint, negative affect and bulimic behavior are more complex in males than in females. Further research using longitudinal designs is needed in order to test the directional and bidirectional nature of the observed interrelationships.
|
['Adolescent', 'Body Constitution', 'Body Image', 'Bulimia', 'Child', 'Depression', 'Diet, Reducing', 'Female', 'Gender Identity', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Personality Assessment']
| 11,686,266
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['E01.370.600.115', 'G07.100'], ['F01.752.747.792.110', 'F02.463.593.112'], ['C23.888.821.645.500'], ['M01.060.406'], ['F01.145.126.350'], ['E02.642.249.285', 'G07.203.650.240.285'], ['F01.393.446.250', 'F01.752.747.385.200', 'F01.752.747.722.200', 'F02.739.794.793.200'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F04.513']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Green polymers from Geobacillus thermodenitrificans DSM465--candidates for molecularly imprinted materials.
|
Novel molecular recognition materials were prepared from water soluble proteins from thermophile G. thermodenitrificans DSM465 by an alternative molecular imprinting method. Water soluble proteins from G. thermodenitrificans DSM465 were converted into the molecularly imprinted materials by adopting 9-EA as a print molecule. The molecularly imprinted protein membranes recognized As in preference to Gs. The adsorption isotherms led to the conclusion that molecular recognition sites toward As were constructed by the presence of 9-EA during the membrane preparation process. The affinity constant between As and the molecular recognition site thus constructed was determined to be 1.75 x 10(5) mol(-1) dm(3). The results obtained in the present study suggest that water soluble proteins from G. thermodenitrificans DSM465 is one of environmentally-friendly 'green' polymers to be converted into molecular recognition materials by applying an alternative molecular imprinting method.
|
['Adsorption', 'Bacillaceae', 'Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel', 'Membranes, Artificial', 'Molecular Conformation', 'Polymers', 'Proteins', 'Solubility', 'Tensile Strength', 'Water']
| 16,521,082
|
[['G01.030', 'G02.020'], ['B03.300.390.400.158', 'B03.353.500.100', 'B03.510.100.100', 'B03.510.415.400.158', 'B03.510.460.410.158'], ['E05.196.401.402', 'E05.301.300.319'], ['D25.479', 'J01.637.051.479', 'J01.637.087.500'], ['G02.111.570.820'], ['D05.750', 'D25.720', 'J01.637.051.720'], ['D12.776'], ['G02.805'], ['G01.374.850'], ['D01.045.250.875', 'D01.248.497.158.459.650', 'D01.650.550.925']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Can your children drive you to drink? Stress and parenting in adults interacting with children with ADHD.
|
Several publications in the psychological literature support the theory that children are a major source of stress for their parents. Not surprisingly, parents of children with behavior problems--particularly children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)--experience highly elevated levels of daily child-rearing stresses. Children with ADHD disregard parental requests, commands, and rules; fight with siblings; disturb neighbors; and have frequent negative encounters with schoolteachers and principals. Although may investigations have dealt with parenting stress caused by disruptive children, only a handful of studies have addressed the question of how parents cope with this stress. Those findings are presented, including a series of studies assessing parental distress and alcohol consumption among parents of normal children and ADHD children after the parents interacted with either normal- or deviant-behaving children. Those studies strongly support the assumption that the deviant child behaviors that represent major chronic interpersonal stressors for parents of ADHD children are associated with increased parental alcohol consumption. Studies also have demonstrated that parenting hassles may result in increased alcohol consumption in parents of "normal" children. Given these findings, the stress associated with parenting and its influence on parental alcohol consumption should occupy a salient position among the variables that are examined in the study of stress and alcohol problems.
|
['Adult', 'Alcoholism', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Humans', 'Parent-Child Relations', 'Parenting', 'Stress, Psychological']
| 10,890,826
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['C25.775.100.250', 'F03.900.100.350'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.829.263.370.290'], ['F01.829.263.370.310'], ['F01.145.126.990', 'F02.830.900']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Does worry moderate the relation between aggression and depression in adolescent girls?
|
Aggressive girls, more so than aggressive boys, are at an increased risk for depression. Despite disconcerting outcomes, few researchers have examined factors that may attenuate or exacerbate the relation between aggression and depression. Competing hypotheses for explaining the role of worry in the relation between aggressive behaviour and depressive symptoms, commonly co-occurring problems in girls, have been proposed. In the present study, we examined worry as a possible moderator in the relation between girls nominated as aggressive by their peers and self-reported depressive symptoms in a sample of 226 girls aged 13 (M = 12.92, SD = 1.28) at Time 1. We found that worry exacerbated the risk of depressive symptoms concurrently and one year later for physically aggressive girls, but not relationally aggressive girls. These results suggest that worry plays an important role in the prediction of depression for aggressive girls, which varies by the form aggression takes.
|
['Adolescent', 'Aggression', 'Anxiety', 'Depression', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Psychiatric Status Rating Scales', 'Psychology, Adolescent']
| 26,986,843
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['F01.145.126.125', 'F01.145.813.045'], ['F01.470.132'], ['F01.145.126.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F04.711.513.653'], ['F04.096.628.065']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
[Classification and psychological prevention of pre-nosological forms of borderline conditions occurring in the Northern Siberia].
|
Based on the clinico-epidemiological and clinico-dynamic++ examination of the workers (n = 2,052) of one of the lumber industry plant a concept was advanced concerning the influence the extreme climatic,+-geographical, industrial and other factors produce on the formation of unusual psychodisadaptation conditions (PDAC). They appear as polymorphous, syndromologically incomplete neuropsychic deviations. Three PDAC varieties have been distinguished: asthenic (with two subtypes mirroring the predominance of physical or mental weakness), dysthymic and psychovegetative. Each of these varieties has been characterized in detail from the typology standpoint. Programs aimed at PDAC prevention have been elaborated. They include the use of psychoprophylactic, psychotherapeutic psychopharmacological measures combined with physiotherapy and reflexoprophylaxis. It is suggested that specialized psychoprophylactic services should be organized for persons with the pre-nosological++ and initial manifestations of border-line diseases that form under the given ecological conditions.
|
['Adjustment Disorders', 'Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Cold Climate', 'Community Mental Health Services', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Occupational Diseases', 'Occupational Health Services', 'Siberia', 'Trees']
| 2,624,057
|
[['F03.950.500'], ['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['G16.500.275.071.275', 'N06.230.300.100.250.275'], ['F04.408.307', 'N02.421.143.183', 'N02.421.461.232'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C24'], ['N02.421.143.740'], ['Z01.252.122.500.500'], ['B01.650.915']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
High prevalence of Epstein-Barr virus type A strain with the 30 b.p. deletion of the latent membrane protein-1 gene in a Japanese population.
|
BACKGROUND: The pathogenic activity of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) with a characteristic 30 b.p. deletion of the latent membrane protein-1 (LMP-1) gene is controversial. We analyzed the LMP-1 gene and two major strains of EBV, type A and type B, in Japanese patients with EBV-associated disease.METHODS: We directly sequenced the carboxy terminal part of the LMP-1 gene from 15 EBV-infected patients; 10 patients with infectious mononucleosis (IM) and one patient each with Hodgkin's disease, B cell lymphoma, Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS), AIDS and atypical EBV infection (atEBV). The EBV subtype was studied by determining the 3' divergence of Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen (EBNA)-2 using polymerase chain reaction primers.RESULTS: Twelve of 15 patients had EBV with the 30 b.p. deletion and numerous point mutations of the LMP-1 gene, regardless of the disease. Two patients, one with IM and one with WAS, had EBV without the 30 b.p. deletion. One patient with atEBV had two types of LMP-1 gene, one with and one without the 30 b.p. deletion. Thirteen patients had EBV type A, the WAS patient had the type B strain and the atEBV patient had both types A and B. In the patient with atEBV, the two types of LMP-1 gene and two EBV subtypes were detected simultaneously.CONCLUSIONS: The characteristic 30 b.p. deletion of the LMP-1 gene is not an important factor in the pathogenesis of EBV-associated diseases. The EBV type A strain with the 30 b.p. deletion of the LMP-1 gene is prevalent in the Japanese population.
|
['Epstein-Barr Virus Infections', 'Gene Deletion', 'Genotype', 'Herpesvirus 4, Human', 'Humans', 'Japan', 'Point Mutation', 'Prevalence', 'Viral Matrix Proteins']
| 10,530,059
|
[['C01.925.256.466.313', 'C01.925.928.313'], ['G05.365.590.762.320', 'G05.558.800.320'], ['G05.380'], ['B04.280.210.400.500.450', 'B04.280.382.400.500.400', 'B04.613.204.500.500.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.252.474.463', 'Z01.639.595'], ['G05.365.590.675'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['D12.776.964.970.880.940']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Covalent binding of quinones activates the Ah receptor in Hepa1c1c7 cells.
|
Highly reactive quinone species produced by photooxidation and/or metabolic activation of mono- or bi-aromatic hydrocarbons modulate cellular homeostasis and electrophilic signal transduction pathways through the covalent modification of proteins. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, but not mono- or bi-aromatic hydrocarbons, are well recognized as ligands for the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). However, quinone species produced from mono- and bi-aromatic hydrocarbons could potentially cause AhR activation. To clarify the AhR response to mono- and bi-aromatic hydrocarbon quinones, we studied Cyp1a1 (cytochrome P450 1A1) induction and AhR activation by these quinones. We detected Cyp1a1 induction during treatment with quinones in Hepa1c1c7 cells, but not their parent compounds. Nine of the twelve quinones with covalent binding capability for proteins induced Cyp1a1. Cyp1a1 induction mediated by 1,2-naphthoquinone (1,2-NQ), 1,4-NQ, 1,4-benzoquinone (1,4-BQ) and tert-butyl-1,4-BQ was suppressed by a specific AhR inhibitor and was not observed in c35 cells, which do not have a functional AhR. These quinones stimulated AhR nuclear translocation and interaction with the AhR nuclear translocator. Interestingly, 1,2-NQ covalently modified AhR, which was detected by an immunoprecipitation assay using a specific antibody against 1,2-NQ, resulting in enhancement of xenobiotic responsive element (XRE)-derived luciferase activity and binding of AhR to the Cyp1a1 promoter region. While mono- and bi-aromatic hydrocarbons are generally believed to be poor ligands for AhR and hence unable to induce Cyp1a1, our study suggests that the quinones of these molecules are able to modify AhR and activate the AhR/XRE pathway, thereby inducing Cyp1a1. Since we previously reported that 1,2-NQ and tert-butyl-1,4-BQ also activate NF-E2-related factor 2, it seems likely that some of quinones are bi-functional inducers for phase-I and phase-II reaction of xenobiotics.
|
['Active Transport, Cell Nucleus', 'Animals', 'Antioxidant Response Elements', 'Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Nuclear Translocator', 'Carcinoma, Hepatocellular', 'Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1', 'Liver Neoplasms', 'Mice', 'NF-E2-Related Factor 2', 'Promoter Regions, Genetic', 'Protein Binding', 'Quinones', 'Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon', 'Signal Transduction', 'Tumor Cells, Cultured']
| 26,558,468
|
[['G03.143.310.100', 'G03.143.700.100'], ['B01.050'], ['G02.111.570.080.689.675.700.040', 'G05.360.080.689.675.700.040', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.750.680.765.040'], ['D12.776.157.530.750.100', 'D12.776.260.103.625.500', 'D12.776.543.585.750.100', 'D12.776.930.125.625.500'], ['C04.557.470.200.025.255', 'C04.588.274.623.160', 'C06.301.623.160', 'C06.552.697.160'], ['D08.244.453.005.332', 'D08.244.453.100.500', 'D08.811.682.690.708.170.010.277', 'D08.811.682.690.708.170.020.500', 'D12.776.422.220.453.010.332', 'D12.776.422.220.453.100.500'], ['C04.588.274.623', 'C06.301.623', 'C06.552.697'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['D12.776.260.108.737', 'D12.776.930.127.737'], ['G02.111.570.080.689.675', 'G05.360.080.689.675', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.750.680'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808'], ['D02.806'], ['D12.776.260.643.715', 'D12.776.826.209.715', 'D12.776.930.760'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['A11.251.860']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
National Trends of Thoracic Endovascular Aortic Repair versus Open Thoracic Aortic Repair in Pediatric Blunt Thoracic Aortic Injury.
|
BACKGROUND: Blunt thoracic aortic injury (BTAI) occurs in <1% of all trauma admissions. Thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) has become the preferred treatment modality in adult patients with BTAI, but its use in pediatrics is currently not supported by device manufacturers and lacks United States Food and Drug Administration approval. We hypothesized that there would also be an increased use of TEVAR in the pediatric population, thus conferring a lower risk of mortality compared with open thoracic aortic repair (OTAR).METHODS: The National Trauma Data Bank (2007-2015) was queried for patients ?17 years with BTAI. The primary outcomes were the incidences of TEVAR and OTAR. Secondary outcome was risk of mortality in those undergoing intervention. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to determine the risk of mortality in OTAR versus TEVAR.RESULTS: We identified 650 pediatric BTAI patients with 159 (24.5%) undergoing intervention. Of these, 124 underwent TEVAR (78.0%) and 35 (22.0%) underwent OTAR. The rate of TEVAR steadily increased from 2007 to 2015 (15.4% vs. 27.1%, P < 0.001). Patients receiving OTAR and TEVAR had a similar injury severity score and rate of hypotension on admission (P > 0.05). Compared with OTAR, TEVAR patients had a higher rate of any traumatic brain injury (TBI) (63.7% vs. 37.1%, P = 0.005) and shorter hospital and intensive care unit length of stay (LOS) (16.4 vs. 21.4 days, P = 0.02; 10.1 vs. 12.2 days, P = 0.01). TEVAR and OTAR, even when stratified by ?14 years and 15-17 years, had no difference in risk for mortality (odds ratio 1.20, confidence interval 0.29-5.01, P = 0.80).CONCLUSIONS: The rate of TEVAR in pediatric BTAI nearly doubled from 2007 to 2015. Compared with OTAR, TEVAR was associated with a shorter hospital LOS despite a higher rate of TBI. There was no difference in risk for mortality between TEVAR and OTAR. Longitudinal studies to determine the long-term efficacy and complication rates, including reintervention, development of endoleak, and/or need for further operations, are needed as this technology is being rapidly adopted for pediatric trauma patients.
|
['Adolescent', 'Age of Onset', 'Aorta, Thoracic', 'Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation', 'Databases, Factual', 'Endovascular Procedures', 'Humans', 'Incidence', 'Length of Stay', 'Male', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Risk Assessment', 'Risk Factors', 'Thoracic Injuries', 'Time Factors', 'Treatment Outcome', 'United States', 'Vascular System Injuries', 'Wounds, Nonpenetrating']
| 30,802,562
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['N05.715.350.075.100', 'N06.850.490.250.100'], ['A07.015.114.056.372'], ['E04.100.814.868.500', 'E04.650.200'], ['L01.313.500.750.300.188.400', 'L01.470.750.750'], ['E04.100.814.529', 'E04.502.382'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.375', 'N01.224.935.597.500', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.375', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.375'], ['E02.760.400.480', 'N02.421.585.400.480'], ['C23.550.767'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.715', 'N04.452.871.715', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.690', 'N06.850.505.715', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.715'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['C26.891'], ['G01.910.857'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['Z01.107.567.875'], ['C14.907.937', 'C26.940'], ['C26.974']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Rescue of glandular dysmorphogenesis in PTEN-deficient colorectal cancer epithelium by PPARã-targeted therapy.
|
Disruption of glandular architecture associates with poor clinical outcome in high-grade colorectal cancer (CRC). Phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN) regulates morphogenic growth of benign MDCK (Madin Darby Canine Kidney) cells through effects on the Rho-like GTPase cdc42 (cell division cycle 42). This study investigates PTEN-dependent morphogenesis in a CRC model. Stable short hairpin RNA knockdown of PTEN in Caco-2 cells influenced expression or localization of cdc42 guanine nucleotide exchange factors and inhibited cdc42 activation. Parental Caco-2 cells formed regular hollow gland-like structures (glands) with a single central lumen, in three-dimensional (3D) cultures. Conversely, PTEN-deficient Caco-2 ShPTEN cells formed irregular glands with multiple abnormal lumens as well as intra- and/or intercellular vacuoles evocative of the high-grade CRC phenotype. Effects of targeted treatment were investigated. Phosphatidinylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) modulating treatment did not affect gland morphogenesis but did influence gland number, gland size and/or cell size within glands. As PTEN may be regulated by the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-ã (PPARã), cultures were treated with the PPARã ligand rosiglitazone. This treatment enhanced PTEN expression, cdc42 activation and rescued dysmorphogenesis by restoring single lumen formation in Caco-2 ShPTEN glands. Rosiglitazone effects on cdc42 activation and Caco-2 ShPTEN gland development were attenuated by cotreatment with GW9662, a PPARã antagonist. Taken together, these studies show PTEN-cdc42 regulation of lumen formation in a 3D model of human CRC glandular morphogenesis. Treatment by the PPARã ligand rosiglitazone, but not PI3K modulators, rescued colorectal glandular dysmorphogenesis of PTEN deficiency.
|
['Anilides', 'Apoptosis', 'Caco-2 Cells', 'Cell Growth Processes', 'Colorectal Neoplasms', 'HCT116 Cells', 'Humans', 'Ligands', 'Madin Darby Canine Kidney Cells', 'Molecular Targeted Therapy', 'PPAR gamma', 'PTEN Phosphohydrolase', 'Rosiglitazone', 'Signal Transduction', 'Thiazolidinediones', 'Transfection', 'cdc42 GTP-Binding Protein']
| 22,543,585
|
[['D02.065.199', 'D02.092.146.113'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['A11.251.210.190.160', 'A11.251.860.180.160', 'A11.436.140'], ['G04.161', 'G07.345.249.410'], ['C04.588.274.476.411.307', 'C06.301.371.411.307', 'C06.405.249.411.307', 'C06.405.469.158.356', 'C06.405.469.491.307', 'C06.405.469.860.180'], ['A11.251.210.190.380', 'A11.251.860.180.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D27.720.470.480'], ['A11.251.210.827', 'A11.436.589'], ['E02.319.574'], ['D12.776.826.239.588'], ['D08.811.277.352.650.850', 'D12.776.476.590', 'D12.776.624.776.695'], ['D02.886.675.933.500', 'D03.383.129.708.933.500'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['D02.886.675.933', 'D03.383.129.708.933'], ['E05.393.350.810', 'G05.728.860'], ['D08.811.277.040.330.300.400.700.050', 'D12.644.360.525.700.050', 'D12.776.157.325.515.700.050', 'D12.776.476.525.700.050']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Pregnenolone sulfate, a naturally occurring excitotoxin involved in delayed retinal cell death.
|
The present study was designed to investigate the neurosteroid pregnenolone sulfate (PS), known for its ability to modulate NMDA receptors and interfere with acute excitotoxicity, in delayed retinal cell death. Three hours after exposure of the isolated and intact retina to a 30-min PS pulse, DNA fragmentation as assessed by genomic DNA gel electrophoresis and a modified in situ terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end-labeling (TUNEL) method appeared concurrently with an increase in superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) levels. At 7 h, the increased amount of DNA laddering was accompanied by a higher number of TUNEL-positive cells in the inner nuclear and ganglion cell layers. Necrotic signs were characterized by DNA smear migration, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, and damage mainly in the inner nuclear layer. PS-induced delayed cell death was markedly reduced by the NMDA receptor antagonists 4-(3-phosphonopropyl)-2-piperazinecarboxylic acid and 3alpha-hydroxy-5beta-pregnan-20-one sulfate but completely blocked after concomitant addition of the non-NMDA receptor antagonist 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione. Steroids with antioxidant properties (progesterone, dehydroepiandrosterone and its sulfate ester, and 17beta-estradiol) differently prevented PS-induced delayed cell death. Cycloheximide treatment protected against DNA fragmentation and LDH release but failed to prevent the rise in SOD activity and TBARS level. We conclude that a brief PS pulse causes delayed cell death in a slowly evolving apoptotic fashion characterized by a cycloheximide-sensitive death program downstream of reactive oxygen species generation and lipid peroxidation, turning into secondary necrosis in a retinal cell subset.
|
['Adjuvants, Immunologic', 'Animals', 'Apoptosis', 'Cycloheximide', 'DNA Fragmentation', 'Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate', 'Estradiol', 'In Situ Nick-End Labeling', 'L-Lactate Dehydrogenase', 'Lipid Peroxidation', 'Male', 'Neurotoxins', 'Pregnenolone', 'Progesterone', 'Protein Synthesis Inhibitors', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Reactive Oxygen Species', 'Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate', 'Retina', 'Superoxide Dismutase', 'Superoxides', 'Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances']
| 10,820,199
|
[['D27.505.696.477.067'], ['B01.050'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['D03.383.621.808.240'], ['G05.200.230'], ['D04.210.500.054.079.429.625.300', 'D04.210.500.578.502.400.300', 'D06.472.040.502.400.300', 'D06.472.334.851.968.952.300'], ['D04.210.500.365.415.248', 'D06.472.334.851.437.500'], ['E05.393.475'], ['D08.811.682.047.551.400', 'D08.811.682.047.820.493'], ['G02.111.515', 'G03.295.531.587'], ['D27.888.569.504'], ['D04.210.500.745.745.725', 'D06.472.040.585.745', 'D06.472.334.851.687.500'], ['D04.210.500.745.745.654.829', 'D06.472.334.734.623', 'D06.472.334.851.687.750'], ['D27.505.519.389.760'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900'], ['D01.339.431', 'D01.650.775'], ['D12.776.157.530.400.400.500.500', 'D12.776.543.550.450.500.200.500', 'D12.776.543.585.400.500.200.500', 'D12.776.543.750.720.200.450.400.500'], ['A09.371.729'], ['D08.811.682.881'], ['D01.248.497.158.685.750.850', 'D01.339.431.374.850', 'D01.650.550.750.800', 'D02.389.338.732'], ['D02.047.700.700', 'D27.720.470.410.750']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Span and Tween neutral and pH-sensitive vesicles: characterization and in vitro skin permeation.
|
The aim of this work was the preparation, characterization, and comparison of novel pH-sensitive nonphospholipid vesicles (niosomes) from two nonionic surfactants, with different hydrophilic-lipophilic balance values (Tween20-TW20 = 16.7 and Span60-SP60 = 4.7). Surfactants were mixed with cholesterol (CHOL) and its derivative, cholesteryl hemisuccinate (CHEMS), as a pH-sensitive molecule. Vesicles were characterized by dynamic light scattering, in order to evaluate their dimensions and vesicle stability, by zeta-potential measurements and by means of electronic microscopy after freeze-fracture. Ibuprofen (IBU) was used as the model drug, and high-performance liquid chromatography analyses were performed to evaluate drug-entrapment efficiency and release in a neutral, acidic environment. The influence of the vesicle composition on skin accumulation and transdermal permeation of IBU across excised hairless rat skin was investigated by using vertical Gummer diffusion cells. When niosomes with SP60 and CHEMS were prepared, there was a statistically significant increase of skin permeation of IBU, while TW20 niosomes did not show statistically significant differences in P(app) values without the influence of the vesicle size and charge.
|
['Animals', 'Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'Fluorescence', 'Freeze Fracturing', 'Hexoses', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Permeability', 'Polysorbates', 'Rats', 'Rats, Hairless', 'Skin Absorption', 'Surface-Active Agents']
| 19,863,168
|
[['B01.050'], ['E05.196.181.400.300'], ['G01.358.500.505.650.665.500', 'G01.590.540.665.500'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.620.260', 'E01.370.225.750.600.620.260', 'E05.200.500.620.620.260', 'E05.200.750.600.620.260'], ['D09.947.875.359'], ['G02.300'], ['E05.481'], ['G02.723'], ['D02.033.455.250.700.690', 'D05.750.741.700', 'D25.720.741.700', 'J01.637.051.720.741.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.550.408'], ['G03.015.500.750', 'G03.787.024.500.750', 'G07.690.725.015.500.750', 'G13.750.778'], ['D27.720.877']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Successful birth after laser assisted immobilization of spermatozoa before intracytoplasmic injection.
|
OBJECTIVE: To describe the first ICSI pregnancy achieved with sperm that were immobilized by using a noncontact diode laser.DESIGN: Case report.SETTING: Fertility center.PATIENT(S): A 36-year-old woman who had had primary infertility for 9 years.INTERVENTION(S): Sperm immobilization by using a 1.48-microm wavelength diode laser and subsequent ICSI.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Fertilization and cleavage rates and pregnancy.RESULT(S): Transfer of two embryos with minor fragmentation led to a single pregnancy. The patient delivered a healthy baby in week 38 of gestation.CONCLUSION(S): Use of a noncontact diode laser for sperm immobilization may be a useful alternative to the conventional mechanical approach.
|
['Adult', 'Blastocyst', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Laser Therapy', 'Ovulation Induction', 'Pregnancy', 'Pregnancy Outcome', 'Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic', 'Sperm Motility']
| 12,137,884
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['A16.254.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.594', 'E04.014.520'], ['E02.875.800.984', 'E05.820.800.984'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['E01.789.700', 'G08.686.784.769.496'], ['E02.875.800.750.700', 'E05.820.800.750.700'], ['E01.370.225.992.812', 'E05.200.992.812', 'G04.198.750']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Molecular heterogeneity of basal laminae: isoforms of laminin and collagen IV at the neuromuscular junction and elsewhere.
|
Laminin and collagen IV are components of most basal laminae (BLs). Recently, both have been shown to be products of multigene families. The A, B1, and B2 subunits of the laminin trimer are products of related genes, and the BL components merosin M and s-laminin are homologues of the A and B1 subunits, respectively. Similarly, five related collagen IV chains, alpha 1(IV)-alpha 5(IV), have been described. Here, we used a panel of subunit-specific antibodies to determine the distribution of the laminin and collagen IV isoforms in adult BLs. First, we compared synaptic and extrasynaptic portions of muscle fiber BL, in light of evidence that axonal and muscle membranes interact selectively with synaptic BL during neuromuscular regeneration. S-laminin, laminin A, and collagens alpha 3(IV) and alpha 4(IV) are greatly concentrated in synaptic BL; laminin B1 is apparently absent from synaptic BL; collagens alpha 1(IV) and alpha 2(IV) are less abundant in synaptic than extrasynaptic BL; and laminin B2 and merosin M are present at similar levels synaptically and extrasynaptically. These results reveal widespread differences between synaptic and extrasynaptic BL, and implicate several novel polypeptides as candidate mediators of neuromuscular interactions. Second, we widened our inquiry to assess the composition of several other BLs: endoneurial and perineurial BLs in intramuscular nerves, BLs associated with intramuscular vasculature, and glomerular and tubular BLs in kidney. Of eight BLs studied, at least seven have distinct compositions, and of the nine BL components tested, at least seven have distinct distributions. These results demonstrate a hitherto undescribed degree of heterogeneity among BLs.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Animals', 'Basement Membrane', 'Child, Preschool', 'Collagen', 'Female', 'Guinea Pigs', 'Humans', 'Laminin', 'Male', 'Muscle Denervation', 'Muscles', 'Neuromuscular Junction', 'Rabbits', 'Rats', 'Synapses']
| 2,211,832
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['B01.050'], ['A10.272.220', 'A10.615.179'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['D05.750.078.280', 'D12.776.860.300.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.550'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.395.550.530', 'D12.776.543.550.500', 'D12.776.860.300.675'], ['E04.525.210.500', 'E04.525.210.560.500'], ['A02.633', 'A10.690'], ['A08.800.550.550.550', 'A08.850.550.550', 'A11.284.149.165.420.780.550.550'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.968.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['A08.850', 'A11.284.149.165.420.780']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Analgesia accompanying food consumption requires ingestion of hedonic foods.
|
Animals eat rather than react to moderate pain. Here, we examined the behavioral, hedonic, and neural requirements for ingestion analgesia in ad libitum fed rats. Noxious heat-evoked withdrawals were similarly suppressed during self-initiated chocolate eating and ingestion of intraorally infused water, sucrose, or saccharin, demonstrating that ingestion analgesia does not require feeding motivation, self-initiated food procurement, sucrose, or calories. Rather, food hedonics is important because neither salt ingestion nor quinine rejection elicited analgesia. During quinine-induced nausea and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced illness, conditions when chocolate eating was presumably less pleasurable, analgesia accompanying chocolate consumption was attenuated, yet analgesia during water ingestion was preserved in LPS-injected rats who showed enhanced palatability for water within this context. The dependence of ingestion analgesia on the positive hedonics of an ingestate was confirmed in rats with a conditioned taste aversion to sucrose: after paired exposure to sucrose and LPS, rats no longer showed analgesia during sucrose ingestion but continued to show analgesia during chocolate consumption. Eating pauses tended to occur less often and for shorter durations in the presence of ingestion analgesia than in its absence. Therefore, we propose that ingestion analgesia functions to defend eating from ending. Muscimol inactivation of the medullary raphe magnus blocked the analgesia normally observed during water ingestion, showing the involvement of brainstem endogenous pain inhibitory mechanisms in ingestion analgesia. Brainstem-mediated defense of the consumption of palatable foods may explain, at least in part, why overeating tasty foods is so irresistible even in the face of opposing cognitive and motivational forces.
|
['Analgesia', 'Analgesics, Non-Narcotic', 'Analysis of Variance', 'Animals', 'Avoidance Learning', 'Behavior, Animal', 'Cacao', 'Conditioning, Classical', 'Conditioning, Operant', 'Eating', 'Electromyography', 'Feeding Behavior', 'Food Preferences', 'Hot Temperature', 'Hypnotics and Sedatives', 'Lipopolysaccharides', 'Male', 'Pentobarbital', 'Quinine', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Reaction Time', 'Sweetening Agents']
| 19,828,818
|
[['E03.091'], ['D27.505.696.663.850.014.040', 'D27.505.954.427.040.100'], ['E05.318.740.150', 'N05.715.360.750.125', 'N06.850.520.830.150'], ['B01.050'], ['F02.463.425.097', 'F02.463.785.373.173'], ['F01.145.113'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.859.821.500.164'], ['F02.463.425.179.308'], ['F02.463.425.179.509'], ['G07.203.650.283', 'G10.261.330'], ['E01.370.405.255', 'E01.370.530.255'], ['F01.145.113.547', 'F01.145.407', 'G07.203.650.353'], ['F01.145.407.516', 'G07.203.650.353.516'], ['G01.906.595.543', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710.380', 'G16.500.750.775.710.380', 'N06.230.300.100.725.232', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710.380'], ['D27.505.696.277.350', 'D27.505.954.427.210.350'], ['D09.400.500', 'D09.698.718.450', 'D10.494', 'D23.050.161.616.525', 'D23.946.123.329.500'], ['D03.383.742.698.253.593'], ['D03.132.206.719', 'D03.605.687.762', 'D03.633.100.810.762'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['E05.796.817', 'F02.830.650', 'F04.669.817', 'G11.561.677'], ['D27.720.372.300.353.609', 'G07.203.300.514.500.400.700', 'J02.500.514.500.400.700']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Comparison of three spike detectors dedicated to single unit action potentials of the auditory nerve.
|
This paper compares three methods for the detection of single unit action potentials in auditory nerve. The detector structures are similar consisting of a filtering procedure in the first stage and a decision rule in the second stage. The detection accuracy of each detector is characterized by the couple probability of a true detection vs. rates of false detection with synthetic data. The performance comparison between detectors shows that the detector using a band-pass finite-impulse-response filter with complex coefficients offers the best performance. This observation was especially evident for low signal to noise ratios. This finding is confirmed with real data and leads us to revise the protocol of spike detection in auditory nerve.
|
['Action Potentials', 'Algorithms', 'Animals', 'Cochlear Nerve', 'Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted', 'Electrodiagnosis', 'Evoked Potentials, Auditory', 'Guinea Pigs', 'Pattern Recognition, Automated', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Sensitivity and Specificity']
| 18,002,234
|
[['G04.580.100', 'G07.265.675.100', 'G11.561.570.100'], ['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['B01.050'], ['A08.800.800.120.910.120'], ['E01.158', 'L01.313.500.750.100.158'], ['E01.370.405'], ['G07.265.216.500.370', 'G07.888.250', 'G11.561.200.500.370'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.550'], ['L01.399.750'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Life history characteristics of Wyeomyia smithii from New Jersey.
|
We colonized Wyeomyia smithii (Coquillett) from southern New Jersey and studied life history characteristics in the laboratory. Males and females showed no significant difference in time spent from first to third instar, but female larvae remained in fourth instar 2.1 days longer than males. At 22 +/- 2 degrees C females emerged 22.6 +/- 3 days after egg hatch; males emerged approximately two days earlier. Male emergence peaked five hours after dawn; females showed a trend to emerge late in the day. Rotation of male terminalia was completed 9 to 11 hours after emergence. Females were capable of mating immediately after emergence. Wyeomyia smithii females laid their first egg batch four to six days after emergence. Females were capable of laying up to seven batches of eggs, however the mean number of eggs per oviposition decreased significantly as the number of oviposition cycles increased.
|
['Animals', 'Culicidae', 'Female', 'Genitalia, Male', 'Male', 'New Jersey', 'Ovary', 'Oviposition', 'Sexual Maturation']
| 10,436,880
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.500.131.617.720.500.500.750.712.500.875'], ['A05.360.444'], ['Z01.107.567.875.500.525'], ['A05.360.319.114.630', 'A05.360.576.497', 'A06.300.312.497'], ['G08.686.784.480'], ['G07.345.750.750', 'G08.686.841.750']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
|
Effect of pretransplant hepatitis C virus RNA status on posttransplant outcome.
|
Undetectable hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA [RNA(-)] before liver transplantation (OLT) has been shown to decrease the rates of disease recurrence. We sought to determine whether RNA(-) subjects differ in post-OLT recurrence (virological/VR, histological/HR), graft failure (GF), or patient survival from RNA(+) patients using a retrospective review. From 1995 to 2004, a total of 49 patients were RNA(-) at OLT as a result of interferon-based therapy: 22 SVR and 27 with end-of-treatment response (ETR) transplanted when RNA(-) within 6 months of ET. Forty-eight RNA(+) patients were analyzed as controls. Virological recurrence (VR) was seen in 55% of RNA(-) subjects with no difference in HR between RNA(-) vs (+) groups, namely 36.7% versus 56.3% (P = .068), respectively. The RNA(+) subjects showed a lower time to HR (5.6 vs 11 months; P = .027). The SVR subjects displayed lower VR (36.4%) and histological recurrence (HR) (13.6%) compared to ETR (VR 70.4%, P = .023; HR 55.6%, P = .003) or RNA(+) (HR 56%, P = .0008). The SVR subjects, who were identified with a sensitive assay (SVR(S), lower limit <600 IU/mL) showed no VR, HR, or GF. The 1- and 5-year survivals were 87.8%/75.6% and 89.6%/77.8% for RNA(-) and (+) groups, respectively (P = .77). In conclusion, RNA(-)-transplanted patients displayed lower VR and longer time to HR. The SVR patients showed lower VR and HR compared to ETR and RNA(+) patients.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Female', 'Graft Survival', 'Hepacivirus', 'Hepatitis C', 'Humans', 'Liver Transplantation', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'RNA, Viral', 'Recurrence', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Survival Rate', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Viral Load']
| 18,589,127
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['G12.875.545.340'], ['B04.450.380', 'B04.820.578.344.475'], ['C01.221.250.750', 'C01.925.440.440', 'C01.925.782.350.350', 'C06.552.380.705.440'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.095.147.725.490', 'E04.210.650', 'E04.936.450.490', 'E04.936.580.490'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D13.444.735.828'], ['C23.550.291.937'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.900', 'N01.224.935.698.826', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.900', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.900'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['E01.370.225.875.950', 'E05.200.875.950', 'G06.920.850']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Association of Polymorphisms in CYBA, SOD1, and CAT Genes with Type 1 Diabetes and Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy in Children and Adolescents.
|
AIMS: The aim of our study was to investigate possible associations between three SNPs: rs4673 in the CYBA gene; rs1041740 in the SOD1 gene; and rs1001179 in the CAT gene, and type 1 diabetes (T1D) or diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) in T1D patients.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Allelic variants of the selected SNPs were determined by allelic discrimination assays in 114 T1D patients enrolled in the study group and in 90 healthy individuals from a control group. Associations between each of the three SNPs were tested in subgroups of T1D patients divided according to the presence of DPN.RESULTS: The TT genotype of rs4673 in the CYBA gene was associated with DPN in T1D patients (OR 4.997, 95% CI 1.403-19.083, p = 0.016). Weak significance was observed for a protective effect of the TT genotype of rs1041740 in the SOD1 gene relative to T1D development (OR 0.318, 95% CI 0.092-0.959, p = 0.056). There was no significant association between the CAT gene SNP rs1001179 and T1D or DPN.CONCLUSION: We showed a strong association of the CYBA polymorphism rs4673 with DPN in Slovak children and adolescents with T1D. Further studies are necessary to assess the relationship between rs1041740 and T1D or DPN.
|
['Adolescent', 'Alleles', 'Catalase', 'Child', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1', 'Diabetic Neuropathies', 'Female', 'Genetic Association Studies', 'Genetic Predisposition to Disease', 'Genotype', 'Humans', 'Male', 'NADPH Oxidases', 'Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide', 'Slovakia', 'Superoxide Dismutase-1', 'Young Adult']
| 29,924,645
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.030'], ['D08.811.682.732.332'], ['M01.060.406'], ['C18.452.394.750.124', 'C19.246.267', 'C20.111.327'], ['C10.668.829.300', 'C19.246.099.937'], ['E05.393.385'], ['C23.550.291.687.500', 'G05.380.355'], ['G05.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D08.811.682.608.575', 'D12.776.331.894', 'D12.776.543.653'], ['G05.365.795.598'], ['Z01.542.248.797'], ['D08.811.682.881.500'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
|
Effects of acceleration, jerk, and field inhomogeneities on vessel positions in magnetic resonance angiography.
|
Blood flow and magnetic field inhomogeneities lead to distortions in MR angiography (MRA) images that present added risk for stereotactic neurosurgical applications. These effects are demonstrated in an MRA image of a model of cerebrovasculature. Analysis of the effects of velocity, acceleration, jerk, and field inhomogeneities on vessel position is presented; results are used to predict vessel shifts for several cerebral blood vessels. The actual encoded position for flowing spins is shown to be a moment-weighted average position. Maximum shift of 3.11 mm was reduced to 0.05 mm when velocity compensation was added. Velocity compensation applied specifically in the phase-encoding direction reduces flow-dependent shifts to the point that they can be safely ignored even if acceleration and jerk are present. Those prescribing and using MRA images for stereotactic applications must be aware of whether compensation is actually applied along the phase-encoding axis when a flow-compensated sequence is used.
|
['Artifacts', 'Blood Flow Velocity', 'Brain', 'Hemodynamics', 'Humans', 'Image Processing, Computer-Assisted', 'Magnetic Resonance Angiography', 'Phantoms, Imaging', 'Regional Blood Flow', 'Stereotaxic Techniques']
| 9,702,708
|
[['E05.047'], ['E01.370.370.130', 'G09.330.380.630.080'], ['A08.186.211'], ['G09.330.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.224.308'], ['E01.370.350.825.500.500', 'E01.370.370.050.500'], ['E07.671'], ['G09.330.100.780'], ['E04.525.800', 'E05.873']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Translating Human Effective Jejunal Intestinal Permeability to Surface-Dependent Intrinsic Permeability: a Pragmatic Method for a More Mechanistic Prediction of Regional Oral Drug Absorption.
|
Regional intestinal effective permeability (P(eff)) values are key for the understanding of drug absorption along the whole length of the human gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The distal regions of the GI tract (i.e. ileum, ascending-transverse colon) represent the main sites for GI absorption when there is incomplete absorption in the upper GI tract, e.g. for modified release formulations. In this work, a new and pragmatic method for the estimation of (passive) intestinal permeability in the different intestinal regions is being proposed, by translating the observed differences in the available mucosal surface area along the human GI tract into corrections of the historical determined jejunal P(eff) values. These new intestinal P(eff) values or "intrinsic" P(eff)(P(eff,int)) were subsequently employed for the prediction of the ileal absorption clearance (CL(abs,ileum)) for a set of structurally diverse compounds. Additionally, the method was combined with a semi-mechanistic absorption PBPK model for the prediction of the fraction absorbed (f(abs)). The results showed that P(eff,int) can successfully be employed for the prediction of the ileal CL(abs) and the f(abs). P(eff,int) also showed to be a robust predictor of the f(abs) when the colonic absorption was allowed in the PBPK model, reducing the overprediction of f(abs) observed for lowly permeable compounds when using the historical P(eff) values. Due to its simplicity, this approach provides a useful alternative for the bottom-up prediction of GI drug absorption, especially when the distal GI tract plays a crucial role for a drug's GI absorption.
|
['Administration, Oral', 'Gastrointestinal Tract', 'Humans', 'Intestinal Absorption', 'Jejunum', 'Models, Biological', 'Permeability', 'Pharmaceutical Preparations']
| 25,986,421
|
[['E02.319.267.100'], ['A03.556'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G03.015.500.374.500', 'G03.787.024.500.374.500', 'G07.203.650.372.500', 'G07.690.725.015.500.374.500', 'G10.261.353.500'], ['A03.556.124.684.500', 'A03.556.249.750'], ['E05.599.395'], ['G02.723'], ['D26']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The relation of sodium and potassium ion transport to the respiration and adenine nucleotide content of liver slices treated with inhibitors of respiration.
|
1. The dependence of the net transport of Na(+) and K(+) by rat liver on the respiration has been determined by incubating slices in the presence of varying concentrations of respiratory inhibitors. 2. Neither the rate of net transport nor the total amount of each ion transported was inhibited unless the rate of endogenous respiration was decreased below a critical value of about 330mmol of O(2)/h per kg of protein (i.e. 50% of the total endogenous respiration). 3. The uninhibited rate of respiration could be varied over a twofold range (380-770mmol of O(2)/h per kg of protein) by the use of different substrates, but the critical value for the onset of transport inhibition was quite constant (290-360mmol/h per kg of protein) under these different conditions. 4. Slices incubated at 38 degrees C without inhibitors showed an increase of their ATP content and the concentration ratio ATP/ADP. The final ATP content and concentration ratio, ATP/ADP, of slices treated with different concentrations of inhibitors were closely related to the rate of respiration. 5. The increased ATP content of the control slices during incubation was equal to the increase of total adenine nucleotides. At increasing degrees of respiratory inhibition the relative contributions of ADP and AMP to the total adenine nucleotide content increased. 6. The critical rate of respiration for the onset of inhibition of ion transport and the corresponding contents of adenine nucleotides provide estimates of the maximal values of certain parameters of energy metabolism required for the support of alkali-cation transport in the liver slices.
|
['Adenine Nucleotides', 'Adenosine Diphosphate', 'Adenosine Monophosphate', 'Adenosine Triphosphate', 'Amobarbital', 'Animals', 'Arsenic', 'Biological Transport, Active', 'Cyanides', 'Depression, Chemical', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Liver', 'Male', 'Oxygen Consumption', 'Potassium', 'Rats', 'Sodium']
| 4,643,328
|
[['D03.633.100.759.646.138', 'D13.695.667.138', 'D13.695.827.068'], ['D03.633.100.759.646.138.124', 'D13.695.667.138.124', 'D13.695.827.068.124'], ['D03.633.100.759.646.138.180', 'D13.695.667.138.180', 'D13.695.827.068.180'], ['D03.633.100.759.646.138.236', 'D13.695.667.138.236', 'D13.695.827.068.236'], ['D03.383.742.698.253.077'], ['B01.050'], ['D01.268.513.249'], ['G03.143.310'], ['D01.248.497.158.291', 'D01.625.400.100'], ['G07.690.773.750'], ['E05.481'], ['A03.620'], ['G03.680'], ['D01.268.549.550', 'D01.268.557.575', 'D01.552.528.652', 'D01.552.547.650'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['D01.268.549.750', 'D01.268.557.650', 'D01.552.528.850', 'D01.552.547.725']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Expression of different combinations of interleukins by human T cell leukemic cell lines that are clonally related.
|
We have analyzed expression patterns of 7 lymphokine mRNAs by Northern blot analyses in 19 different human T cell clones derived from patients with adult T cell leukemia. However, we were not able to reveal particular combinations of lymphokine production that allowed classification of human T cells. Especially, four clonally related leukemic lines that were established independently from the same patient with adult T cell leukemia expressed different combinations of lymphokine mRNAs, indicating that the expression of various lymphokines is not fixed but rather variable even among progenies of a single T cell clone.
|
['Clone Cells', 'DNA Probes', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Human T-lymphotropic virus 1', 'Humans', 'Interleukin-2', 'Interleukin-4', 'Interleukins', 'Leukemia, T-Cell', 'Nucleic Acid Hybridization', 'Poly A', 'RNA', 'RNA, Messenger', 'T-Lymphocytes', 'Tumor Cells, Cultured']
| 2,469,771
|
[['A11.251.353'], ['D13.444.600.223', 'D27.505.259.750.600.223', 'D27.720.470.530.600.223'], ['G05.308'], ['B04.613.807.200.725.400', 'B04.820.650.200.725.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.021', 'D12.644.276.374.480.372', 'D12.776.467.374.465.021', 'D12.776.467.374.480.372', 'D23.529.374.465.155', 'D23.529.374.480.372'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.186', 'D12.776.467.374.465.178', 'D23.529.374.465.186'], ['D12.644.276.374.465', 'D12.776.467.374.465', 'D23.529.374.465'], ['C04.557.337.428.580', 'C15.604.515.560.575', 'C20.683.515.528.582'], ['E05.393.661', 'G02.111.611'], ['D13.695.578.550.500'], ['D13.444.735'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.569', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569'], ['A11.251.860']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
New polybranchiaspiform fishes (Agnatha: Galeaspida) from the Middle Palaeozoic of China and their ecomorphological implications.
|
The 438-370-million-year-old galeaspids, diversified armoured jawless vertebrates ('ostracoderms') from China and northern Vietnam, were assumed to have a benthic feeding habit in a coastal, marine environment. Here, we describe two new genera of galeaspid fishes, Platylomaspis gen. nov. and Nanningaspis gen. nov. from the Middle Palaeozoic of China. The two new forms are characterized by a rostral process and strikingly broad ventral rim, and clustered with Gumuaspis to form a new family, Gumuaspidae, which represents the most primitive clade of Polybranchiaspiformes. They extend the earliest occurrence of Polybranchiaspiformes backward about 19 million years, and expand its geographical distribution from southern China and northern Vietnam to the Tarim Basin, northwestern China. The new taxa exhibit many morphological convergences with modern rays, and might specify a new kind of lifestyle of galeaspids, the half burrowing habit. Probably benefiting from the new lifestyle, the Gumuaspidae has become the longest lasting galeaspid family. The new findings demonstrated that the demersal galeaspids had developed three different kinds of lifestyles: semi-infaunal benthic (half buried), epibenthic, and suprabenthic (nektonic) habits to accommodate to differentiated ecological niches, and reached the peak of their diversity by the Pragian of the Early Devonian.
|
['Animals', 'Biological Evolution', 'China', 'Ecosystem', 'Environment', 'Fishes', 'Fossils', 'Geography', 'Phylogeny', 'Species Specificity', 'Vietnam']
| 30,231,026
|
[['B01.050'], ['G05.045', 'G16.075'], ['Z01.252.474.164'], ['G16.500.275.157', 'N06.230.124'], ['G16.500.275', 'N06.230'], ['B01.050.150.900.493'], ['I01.076.368.584.311'], ['H01.277.500'], ['G05.697', 'G16.075.605', 'L01.100.697'], ['G16.824'], ['Z01.252.145.945']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Pathological reassessment of hyperplastic colon polyps in a city-wide pathology practice: implications for polyp surveillance recommendations.
|
BACKGROUND: Sessile serrated adenomas (SSAs) and hyperplastic polyps (HP) are the two most common types of serrated colon polyps (SCPs). SSAs are suspected to be the precursor lesions for many colorectal cancers, and hence there is an emphasis on their detection and removal. On the other hand, recent guidelines such as those from the European Union consider HPs of limited clinical significance.OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the reclassification rate of recently diagnosed HPs to SSAs and the predictors of such reclassification. DESIGN, SETTING, INTERVENTION, MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: The provincial pathology database was searched for all colon polyps reported in the 6 pathology laboratories in the city of Winnipeg in 2009. All retrieved pathology slides for previously reported right-sided HPs and a 20% random sample of left-sided HPs were reassessed by two pathologists with a special interest in GI pathology. Polyp size, colon location, and age and sex of the study participants were evaluated as potential predictors of reclassification.RESULTS: A total of 4096 pathology reports by 25 different pathologists were reviewed. Twenty percent of the polyps were reported as SCPs. Seventeen percent of right-sided previously reported HPs and 20% of those >5 mm were reclassified as SSAs. Size >5 mm (odds ratio [OR] 4.2; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.5-11.4) and location in the right side of the colon (OR 4.7; 95% CI, 1.4-15.4) were independent predictors of reclassification.LIMITATIONS: Retrospective review.CONCLUSION: A significant proportion of recently reported right-sided HPs may be SSAs. Surveillance recommendations for SCPs should consider the size and location of SCPs and not just the reported type.
|
['Adenoma', 'Aged', 'Colon, Ascending', 'Colon, Descending', 'Colonic Neoplasms', 'Colonic Polyps', 'Confidence Intervals', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Manitoba', 'Middle Aged', 'Multivariate Analysis', 'Odds Ratio', 'Population Surveillance', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Urban Health Services']
| 23,078,924
|
[['C04.557.470.035'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['A03.556.124.526.356.333', 'A03.556.249.249.356.333'], ['A03.556.124.526.356.500', 'A03.556.249.249.356.500'], ['C04.588.274.476.411.307.180', 'C06.301.371.411.307.180', 'C06.405.249.411.307.180', 'C06.405.469.158.356.180', 'C06.405.469.491.307.180'], ['C23.300.825.411.235'], ['E05.318.740.275', 'N05.715.360.750.220', 'N06.850.520.830.275'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.107.567.176.410'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.740.150.500', 'N05.715.360.750.125.500', 'N06.850.520.830.150.500'], ['E05.318.740.600.600', 'G17.680.500', 'N05.715.360.750.625.590', 'N06.850.520.830.600.600'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.700', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.625', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.700', 'N06.850.780.675'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['N02.421.914']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
A comparison of (13)C NMR measurements of the rates of glutamine synthesis and the tricarboxylic acid cycle during oral and intravenous administration of [1-(13)C]glucose.
|
13C-labeled glucose is increasingly used in conjunction with magnetic resonance spectroscopy to measure rates of metabolic pathways in the brain in vivo. Most studies of human subjects have used intravenous infusions to administer the labeled compounds, but the procedure is cumbersome and can be uncomfortable for patients with neurological or psychiatric disorders. It may be possible to improve the practicality of the method by administering the glucose orally instead of intravenously. This report describes the performance and comparison of the oral and intravenous protocols in the same subjects. The conclusion is that oral administration does yield the same result as intravenous administration but with lower precision. That sensitivity of the oral protocol may be improved by several ways that are available today.
|
['Administration, Oral', 'Adult', 'Algorithms', 'Citric Acid Cycle', 'Female', 'Glucose', 'Glutamine', 'Humans', 'Image Processing, Computer-Assisted', 'Infusions, Intravenous', 'Kinetics', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy', 'Male', 'Models, Biological']
| 12,565,689
|
[['E02.319.267.100'], ['M01.060.116'], ['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['G02.111.165', 'G03.295.342', 'G03.493.170'], ['D09.947.875.359.448'], ['D12.125.068.330', 'D12.125.095.461', 'D12.125.154.424'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.224.308'], ['E02.319.267.082.500', 'E02.319.267.510.590'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['E05.196.867.519'], ['E05.599.395']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Inflammatory thoracic aortic aneurysm (lymphoplasmacytic thoracic aortitis): a 13-year-experience at a German Heart Center with emphasis on possible role of IgG4.
|
BACKGROUND & AIM: Aortic aneurysms represent one of the major causes of cardiovascular surgery. Their etiology varies greatly based on patient's age and other clinicopathologic determinants. In addition to common atherosclerotic vascular diseases, an inflammatory etiology, in particular IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) has increasingly emerged as a cause of dissecting inflammatory aortic aneurysms (IAA).METHODS: To assess the frequency and types of IAA, we reviewed all cases of aortic aneurysms resected at our Erlangen Heart Center during 2000-2013.RESULTS: 376 patients underwent resection of aortic aneurysms in the study period. These are further categorized as ascending aortic aneurysms (45%), aortic arch aneurysm (2%), descending aortic aneurysm (3%), type A dissection (46%) and type B dissection (4%). Fifteen cases (4%) showed variable lymphoplasmacytic inflammation thus qualifying as IAA. Affected were 9 females and 6 males (female to male ratio = 1.5:1; age range: 52-80 yrs; mean: 70 yrs; median: 72 yrs). None was known to have IgG4-RD and serum IgG4 and/or IgG levels (known in 6 cases) were normal. Variable sclerosing lymphoplasmacytic inflammation was seen either confined to the adventitia (periaortitis; mainly in males) or extending through all layers (mainly in females). A wide range of IgG4 plasma cells (range: 3-182/HPF; mean: 51/HPF) and IgG4: IgG ratios (range: 0.02 to 0.91; mean: 0.37) were detected. All but one of the cases with at least focally transmural inflammation showed a higher IgG4: IgG ratios in excess of 0.3 (range, 0.32-0.91; median, 0.62). Lymphoid follicle and variable fibrosis were common but obliterative phlebitis was not seen.CONCLUSION: IgG4-rich sclerosing lymphoplasmacytic thoracic aortitis is a constant histological feature of thoracic IAA. Normal serum IgG4 in most patients, predilection for women and absence of other features of IgG4-RD all suggest a tissue-specific localized autoimmunological process and argue against a systemic disorder. The relationship (if any) of IgG4-rich lymphoplasmacytic thoracic aortitis in those patients with IAA lacking other organ manifestations or an elevated serum IgG4 level to systemic IgG4-RD remains unclear and merit further studies.
|
['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Aneurysm, Dissecting', 'Aorta, Thoracic', 'Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic', 'Aortitis', 'Aortography', 'Biomarkers', 'Echocardiography, Transesophageal', 'Female', 'Germany', 'Humans', 'Immunoglobulin G', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Plasma Cells', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Risk Factors', 'Sclerosis', 'Sex Factors', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed']
| 24,040,436
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['C14.907.055.050'], ['A07.015.114.056.372'], ['C14.907.055.239.125', 'C14.907.109.139.125'], ['C14.907.109.320', 'C14.907.940.080'], ['E01.370.350.700.060.070', 'E01.370.370.050.070'], ['D23.101'], ['E01.370.350.130.750.235', 'E01.370.350.850.220.235', 'E01.370.370.380.220.235'], ['Z01.542.315'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.619.393', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.619.393', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.619.393'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['A11.063.438.725', 'A11.118.637.555.567.562.725', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.562.725', 'A15.382.032.438.725', 'A15.382.490.555.567.562.725'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['C23.550.823'], ['N05.715.350.675', 'N06.850.490.875'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Bioprosthetic valve endocarditis caused by Neisseria elongata subspecies nitroreducens.
|
A new case of Neisseria elongata ssp. nitroreducens bacteremia and endocarditis in a 74-year-old woman who had undergone aortic valve replacement in 1992 is reported in detail. N. elongata ssp. nitroreducens differs from the other subspecies of N. elongata in the additional reduction of nitrate without gas formation. Like most Neisseria spp. except Neisseria meningitidis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae, this N. elongata ssp. nitroreducens is usually classified in the group of "non-pathogenic" Neisseria spp. This case report indicates that the presence of subspecies of this group is significant when isolated from normally sterile sites and can cause severe disease in susceptible individuals.
|
['Aged', 'Aortic Valve', 'Bacteremia', 'Bioprosthesis', 'Endocarditis', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Neisseria']
| 8,811,367
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['A07.541.510.110'], ['C01.150.252.100', 'C01.757.100', 'C23.550.470.790.500.100'], ['E07.695.100'], ['C14.280.282'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['B03.440.400.425.550.550', 'B03.660.075.525.520']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Trends of classification, incidence, mortality, and survival of MDS patients in Switzerland between 2001 and 2012.
|
Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are emerging disorders of the elderly with an increasing burden on healthcare systems. He we report on the first population-based, epidemiological analysis of patients diagnosed with MDS in Switzerland between 2001 and 2012. The aim of this study was to characterize the extent and limitations of currently available population-based, epidemiological data and formulate recommendations for future health services research. The investigated outcomes comprised trends of annual case frequency, classification of morphological subtypes, incidence, mortality and survival. Annual case frequency increased by 20% (from 263 to 315 cases per year), whereas age-standardized incidence-/mortality-rates remained stable (2.5/1.1 per 100'000 person-years). This observation reflects population growth as well as higher diagnostic awareness and not an increase of age-specific risk. However, it will inevitably influence the future prevalence of MDS and the impact on healthcare systems. Reporting of classification in MDS subtypes was poor with modest improvement from 20% to 39% and increased awareness for mainly higher-risk diseases. Relative survival for all patients at 5-years (RS) ranged between 37 and 40%. Significant better RS was found for younger compared to older higher-risk MDS patients (48% vs. 17%), reflecting the effect of allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation. However, no survival advantage was found in elderly patients after introduction of hypomethylating agents as standard for care in this patient group. Our data is in line with results from other MDS and cancer registries. It allows formulating recommendations for future collaborative health services research on MDS patients with national and international partners.
|
['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Female', 'History, 21st Century', 'Humans', 'Incidence', 'Male', 'Myelodysplastic Syndromes', 'Registries', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Risk', 'Survival Analysis', 'Switzerland']
| 28,056,392
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['K01.400.504.984'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.375', 'N01.224.935.597.500', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.375', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.375'], ['C15.378.190.625'], ['E05.318.308.970', 'N04.452.859.819', 'N05.715.360.300.715.700', 'N06.850.520.308.970'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.740.600.800', 'G17.680.750', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800'], ['E05.318.740.998', 'N05.715.360.750.795', 'N06.850.520.830.998'], ['Z01.542.883']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Understanding scoping reviews: Definition, purpose, and process.
|
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Scoping review design represents a methodology that allows assessment of emerging evidence, as well as a first step in research development. Despite its increasing use, to date no article reflecting use of scoping review methodology has been submitted for review at JAANP. The purpose of this article is to provide detailed information on scoping reviews, including definition, related processes, and uses, and discuss the relationship to nurse practitioner (NP) practice, policy, education, and research. The longer-term goal is that NPs will understand the related techniques, consider the methodology as a viable one for NP scholarship, and bring related reports to the forefront of NP publications.METHODS: This manuscript represents a brief report. Processes to develop the brief include detailed search and review of scoping review literature in CINAHL and PubMed. Both methodologic reports and reviews were included. Definitions and uses of scoping reviews were reviewed.CONCLUSION: The definition and process of scoping review are evolving. Although there is controversy regarding the methodology, there is increasing visibility of scoping review methodology in the published literature since the year 2000, with over 500 published reviews currently available.IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: A well-executed scoping review has potential to inform NP practice, policy, education, and research.
|
['Humans', 'Publications', 'Research Design', 'Review Literature as Topic']
| 27,245,885
|
[['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.178.682'], ['E05.581.500', 'H01.770.644.728'], ['L01.178.682.759']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Clinical characteristics of Dengue shock syndrome in Vietnamese children: a 10-year prospective study in a single hospital.
|
BACKGROUND: Dengue shock syndrome (DSS) is a severe manifestation of dengue virus infection that particularly affects children and young adults. Despite its increasing global importance, there are no prospective studies describing the clinical characteristics, management, or outcomes of DSS.METHODS: We describe the findings at onset of shock and the clinical evolution until discharge or death, from a comprehensive prospective dataset of 1719 Vietnamese children with laboratory-confirmed DSS managed on a single intensive care unit between 1999 and 2009.RESULTS: The median age of patients was 10 years. Most cases had secondary immune responses, with only 6 clear primary infections, and all 4 dengue virus serotypes were represented during the 10-year study. Shock occurred commonly between days 4 and 6 of illness. Clinical signs and symptoms were generally consistent with empirical descriptions of DSS, although at presentation 153 (9%) were still febrile and almost one-third had no bleeding. Overall, 31 (2%) patients developed severe bleeding, primarily from the gastrointestinal tract, 26 of whom required blood transfusion. Only 8 patients died, although 123 of 1719 (7%) patients had unrecordable blood pressure at presentation and 417 of the remaining 1596 (26%) were hypotensive for age. The majority recovered well with standard crystalloid resuscitation or following a single colloid infusion. All cases were classified as severe dengue, while only 70% eventually fulfilled all 4 criteria for the 1997 World Health Organization classification of dengue hemorrhagic fever.CONCLUSIONS: With prompt intervention and assiduous clinical care by experienced staff, the outcome of this potentially fatal condition can be excellent.
|
['Adolescent', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Male', 'Prospective Studies', 'Severe Dengue', 'Vietnam']
| 24,046,311
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['C01.920.500.270.200', 'C01.925.081.270.200', 'C01.925.782.350.250.214.200', 'C01.925.782.417.214.200'], ['Z01.252.145.945']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Electrochemically assisted Heck reactions.
|
[reaction: see text] During efforts to develop chip-based Heck reaction chemistry, it was discovered that normal solution-phase Heck reactions can be dramatically accelerated using electrochemistry. The acceleration makes room temperature Heck reactions proceed at synthetically useful rates in the absence of added ligand. Presumably, the current passed through the reaction maintains a high level of active catalyst.
|
['Benzene Derivatives', 'Combinatorial Chemistry Techniques', 'Electrochemistry', 'Electrodes', 'Oxidation-Reduction', 'Palladium']
| 16,288,511
|
[['D02.455.426.559.389'], ['E05.197.312', 'J01.897.836.249.249'], ['H01.181.529.307'], ['E07.305.250'], ['G02.700', 'G03.295.531'], ['D01.268.556.680', 'D01.268.956.718', 'D01.552.544.680']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Surgeon-performed ultrasound: a single institution experience in parathyroid localization.
|
BACKGROUND: Ultrasound has been used successfully to localize parathyroid glands. This study evaluates surgeon-performed ultrasound (SUS) for pre-operative parathyroid localization prior to parathyroidectomy.METHODS: In all, 442 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (HPT) underwent SUS at a single institution. Patients were divided into 2 groups: group 1 (n = 338) had correct localization, and group 2 (n = 104) had incorrect localization. The true-positive (TP) rate and peri-operative findings were compared. TP was defined as localization of all abnormal parathyroids resulting in operative success. A P value >.05 was considered significant.RESULTS: Of 442 patients, 338 (76.5%) had TP results. Group 1 patients were younger (57 vs 63 years; P < .0001) with larger gland size: 2.1 versus 1.8 cm (P = .08). In group 2, 45/104 (43%) patients had false-positive SUS, and 59/104 (57%) had negative studies or missed multiglandular disease (MGD). Group 1 patients had shorter operative times (60 vs 80 min, P = .002), fewer bilateral neck explorations (BNEs) (8% vs 39%; P < .0001), and lower MGD rates (2% vs 19%; P < .0001). Operative failure was 0.3% in group 1 and 9.6% in group 2 (P < .0001).CONCLUSION: Younger patients have a greater rate of correct localization. When SUS correlates with operative findings, MGD is significantly lower and fewer BNEs are performed. Additionally, operations are shorter with a higher success rate.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'False Positive Reactions', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hyperparathyroidism, Primary', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Parathyroid Glands', "Physician's Role", 'Ultrasonography']
| 19,789,014
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['E01.354.506'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C19.642.355.239'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['A06.300.560'], ['F01.829.316.616.625.600'], ['E01.370.350.850']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
An Australian environmental survey reveals moderate Spiroplasma biodiversity: characterization of four new serogroups and a continental variant.
|
An environmental survey of tabanid host spiroplasma carriage was undertaken at 10 collection sites in Australia during February 1999. A total of 164 tabanid flies, representing 27 species, were collected and sustainable spiroplasma isolations were made from 48 of the flies. The morphology of the cultured spiroplasmas, as observed in M1D medium under dark-field microscopy, was typical of either (i) Apis group spiroplasmas (relatively thick cells (approximately 150 nm) with six or more turns) or (ii) chrysopicola-syrphidicola-TAAS-1 clade spiroplasmas (narrower, often much shorter cells) serologically related to Spiroplasma serogroup VIII. Repetitive serological analyses, involving successive rounds of dilution cloning and serological reevaluation, identified one serotype referable to the Spiroplasma serogroup VIII strain complex and five putative members of the Apis clade. Apis clade placement for these five groups was verified using 16S rRNA phylogenetic analyses. Among the Apis clade members, one serotype representing 11 isolates was identified as a geographic variant of Spiroplasma turonicum. Spiroplasma turonicum (Tab4C) was originally isolated from a tabanid Haematopoda sp. in France. The other 34 isolates represented four new serogroups (= putative species). The following strains are proposed as representatives of the new serogroups: strain GSU5478 (group XXXIX), strain GSU5490 (group XL), strain GSU5508 (group XLI), and strain GSU5603 (group XLII). In summary, six serogroups were observed from isolations originating from seven distinct sample sites in Australia. Surprisingly, the serotype with the greatest geographical range (five sites from 16 degrees 48.9'S to 35 degrees 40.0'S) and the greatest host diversity (nine species over three genera) was the geographic variant of S. turonicum, which had only been reported previously in France.
|
['Animals', 'Australia', 'Biodiversity', 'Diptera', 'Ecology', 'Serotyping', 'Spiroplasma']
| 20,029,526
|
[['B01.050'], ['Z01.639.100', 'Z01.678.100.373'], ['G16.500.275.157.049', 'N06.230.124.049'], ['B01.050.500.131.617.720.500.500.750'], ['H01.158.273.248', 'H01.277.249'], ['E01.370.225.812.742', 'E01.370.225.875.150.125.890', 'E05.200.812.742', 'E05.200.875.150.125.890', 'E05.478.594.780'], ['B03.440.860.300.750.625']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Improving safety: engaging with patients and families makes a difference!
|
Following a brief review of the history and context for patient and family member involvement in healthcare safety improvements, a variety of tools and mechanisms for patient engagement will be offered along with specific examples from Patients for Patient Safety Canada (a patient-led program of the Canadian Patient Safety Institute) to illustrate the impact of involving patients and family members in safety work. Barriers and facilitators to patient engagement in safety will also be examined.
|
['Canada', 'Delivery of Health Care', 'Humans', 'Patient Safety', 'Professional-Family Relations', 'Professional-Patient Relations', 'Quality Improvement']
| 25,344,615
|
[['Z01.107.567.176'], ['N04.590.374', 'N05.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N06.850.135.060.075.399'], ['F01.829.401.550'], ['F01.829.401.650', 'N05.300.660'], ['J01.293.754', 'N04.761.744']]
|
['Geographicals [Z]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Is prostate cancer different in black men? Answers from 3 natural history models.
|
BACKGROUND: Black men in the United States have substantially higher prostate cancer incidence rates than the general population. The extent to which this incidence disparity is because prostate cancer is more prevalent, more aggressive, and/or more frequently diagnosed in black men is unknown.METHODS: The authors estimated 3 independently developed models of prostate cancer natural history in black men and in the general population using an updated reconstruction of prostate-specific antigen screening, based on the National Health Interview Survey in 2005 and on prostate cancer incidence data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program during 1975 through 2000. By using the estimated models, the natural history of prostate cancer was compared between black men and the general population.RESULTS: The models projected that from 30% to 43% (range across models) of black men develop preclinical prostate cancer by age 85 years, a risk that is (relatively) 28% to 56% higher than that in the general population. Among men who had preclinical disease onset, black men had a similar risk of diagnosis (range, 35%-49%) compared with the general population (32%-44%), but their risk of progression to metastatic disease by the time of diagnosis was from 44% to 75% higher than that in the general population.CONCLUSIONS: Prostate cancer incidence patterns implicate higher incidence of preclinical disease and higher risk of metastatic progression among black men. The findings suggest screening black men earlier than white men and support further research into the benefit-harm tradeoffs of more aggressive screening policies for black men. Cancer 2017;123:2312-2319. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
|
['African Americans', 'Computer Simulation', 'Disease Progression', 'Early Detection of Cancer', 'Humans', 'Kallikreins', 'Male', 'Models, Statistical', 'Prevalence', 'Prostate-Specific Antigen', 'Prostatic Neoplasms', 'Risk', 'SEER Program', 'United States']
| 28,436,011
|
[['M01.686.508.100.100', 'M01.686.754.100'], ['L01.224.160'], ['C23.550.291.656'], ['E01.390.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.760.442', 'D08.811.277.656.959.350.442', 'D12.776.124.125.597', 'D23.119.597'], ['E05.318.740.500', 'E05.599.835', 'N05.715.360.750.530', 'N06.850.520.830.500'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.760.442.750', 'D08.811.277.656.959.350.442.750', 'D12.776.866.249.500', 'D23.050.285.625', 'D23.101.140.625'], ['C04.588.945.440.770', 'C12.294.260.750', 'C12.294.565.625', 'C12.758.409.750'], ['E05.318.740.600.800', 'G17.680.750', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800'], ['E05.318.308.970.725', 'N04.452.859.819.725', 'N05.715.360.300.715.700.725', 'N06.850.520.308.970.725'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
In Vitro Assessment of the Anticancer Potential of Evodiamine in Human Oral Cancer Cell Lines.
|
Evodiamine, a bioactive alkaloid, has been regarded as having antioxidant, antiinflammatory, and anticancer properties. In the present study, we explored the effects of evodiamine on cell growth and apoptosis in human oral cancer cell lines. Our data revealed that evodiamine significantly inhibited the proliferation of human oral cancer cells and resulted in the cleavages of PARP (poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase) and caspase-3, in addition to causing the typical characteristics of apoptosis. Evodiamine also increased Bax protein levels and caused translocation of Bax into mitochondria and Bax oligomerization. In addition, evodiamine decreased expression of myeloid cell leukemia (Mcl-1) at the transcriptional modification, and knockdown of Mcl-1 clearly resulted in an increase in expression of Bax and active Bax, resulting in induction of apoptosis. Evodiamine reduced expression of phosphorylated AKT, and LY294002 potentiated evodiamine-induced apoptosis by regulating Mcl-1 protein. Our results suggest that evodiamine induces apoptosis in human oral cancer cells through the AKT pathway. These findings provide a rationale for its clinical application in the treatment of oral cancer.
|
['Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic', 'Apoptosis', 'Caspase 3', 'Cell Cycle', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Chromones', 'Humans', 'Mitochondria', 'Morpholines', 'Mouth Neoplasms', 'Myeloid Cell Leukemia Sequence 1 Protein', 'Phosphorylation', 'Plant Extracts', 'Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases', 'Protein Transport', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt', 'Quinazolines', 'bcl-2-Associated X Protein']
| 25,903,972
|
[['D27.505.954.248.179'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['D08.811.277.656.262.500.126.350.300', 'D08.811.277.656.300.200.126.350.300', 'D12.644.360.075.405.350.300', 'D12.776.476.075.405.350.300'], ['G04.144'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['D03.383.663.283.266', 'D03.633.100.150.266'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.564', 'A11.284.835.626'], ['D03.383.533.640'], ['C04.588.443.591', 'C07.465.530'], ['D12.644.360.075.718.984', 'D12.776.476.075.718.968', 'D12.776.624.664.700.169.500'], ['G02.111.665', 'G02.607.780', 'G03.796'], ['D20.215.784.500', 'D26.667'], ['D08.811.913.400.725.115.690'], ['G03.143.700'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.755', 'D12.776.476.565', 'D12.776.624.664.700.168'], ['D03.633.100.786'], ['D12.644.360.075.718.400', 'D12.776.476.075.718.400']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The role of diabetes mellitus and BMI in the surgical treatment of ankle fractures.
|
BACKGROUND: Open reduction and internal fixation is the standard treatment for displaced ankle fractures. However, the presence of comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus and body mass index (BMI) are associated with poor bone quality, and these factors may predict the development of postoperative complications. The study aim was to assess the role of diabetes mellitus and BMI in wound healing in patients younger than 65 years who were surgically treated for malleoli fractures.METHODS: Ninety patients, aged from 18 to 65 years old, with surgically treated ankle fracture, were retrospectively enrolled. Patients were classified in two groups: patient with diabetes and patients without diabetes (insulin-dependent and noninsulin dependent). All patients were assessed for wound complications, Visual Analogue Scale and Foot and Ankle Disability Index (FADI) were assessed for all patients. Logistic regression was used to identify the risk of wound complications after surgery using the following factors as explanatory variables: age, gender, duration of surgery, BMI, hypercholesterolemia, smoking history, diabetes mellitus, and high blood pressure.RESULTS: In total, 38.9% of patients showed wound complications. Of them, 17.1% were nondiabetics and 82.9% were diabetics. We observed a significant association between DM and wound complications after surgery (P = .005). Logistic regression analysis revealed that DM (P < .001) and BMI (P = .03) were associated with wound complications. The odds of having a postoperative wound complication were increased 0.16 times in the presence of diabetes and 1.14 times for increasing BMI.CONCLUSION: This study showed that diabetes mellitus and higher BMI delay the wound healing and increase the complication rate in young adult patients with surgically treated bimalleolar fractures.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Ankle Fractures', 'Body Mass Index', 'Diabetes Mellitus', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Fracture Fixation, Internal', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Risk Factors', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Young Adult']
| 29,031,012
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C26.404.014'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.125', 'E05.041.124.125', 'G07.100.100.125', 'N06.850.505.200.100.175'], ['C18.452.394.750', 'C19.246'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['E04.555.300.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C23.550.767'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Effects of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors on the pharmacokinetics of losartan and its main metabolite EXP-3174 in rats: possible role of CYP3A4 and P-gp inhibition by HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors.
|
The present study was designed to investigate the effects of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors (atorvastatin, pravastatin, simvastatin) on the pharmacokinetics of losartan and its active metabolite EXP-3174 in rats. Pharmacokinetic parameters of losartan and EXP-3174 in rats were determined after oral and intravenous administration of losartan (9 mg/kg) without and with HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (1 mg/kg). The effect of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors on P-gp and cytochrome (CYP) 3A4 activity were also evaluated. Atorvastatin, pravastatin and simvastatin inhibited CYP3A4 activities with IC₅₀ values of 48.0, 14.1 and 3.10 ìmol/l, respectively. Simvastatin (1-10 ìmol/l) enhanced the cellular uptake of rhodamine-123 in a concentration-dependent manner. The area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC₀₋?) and the peak plasma concentration of losartan were significantly (p < 0.05) increased by 59.6 and 45.8%, respectively, by simvastatin compared to those of control. The total body clearance (CL/F) of losartan after oral administration with simvastatin was significantly decreased (by 34.8%) compared to that of controls. Consequently, the absolute bioavailability (F) of losartan after oral administration with simvastatin was significantly increased by 59.4% compared to that of control. The metabolite-parent AUC ratio was significantly decreased by 25.7%, suggesting that metabolism of losartan was inhibited by simvastatin. In conclusion, the enhanced bioavailability of losartan might be mainly due to inhibition of P-gp in the small intestine and CYP3A subfamily-mediated metabolism of losartan in the small intestine and/or liver and to reduction of the CL/F of losartan by simvastatin.
|
['ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1', 'Acyl Coenzyme A', 'Administration, Oral', 'Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers', 'Animals', 'Anticholesteremic Agents', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A', 'Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A Inhibitors', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Drug Interactions', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors', 'Imidazoles', 'Injections, Intravenous', 'Losartan', 'Lovastatin', 'Male', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Rhodamine 123', 'Simvastatin', 'Tetrazoles', 'Time Factors']
| 21,709,429
|
[['D12.776.157.530.100.075.063', 'D12.776.157.530.450.074.500.500.250.125', 'D12.776.395.550.020.400.153', 'D12.776.543.550.192.400.153', 'D12.776.543.585.100.200.125', 'D12.776.543.585.450.074.500.500.250.125'], ['D03.633.100.759.646.138.382.300', 'D08.211.211.300', 'D13.695.667.138.382.300', 'D13.695.827.068.382.300'], ['E02.319.267.100'], ['D27.505.519.162.500'], ['B01.050'], ['D27.505.519.186.071.202', 'D27.505.954.557.500.202'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['D08.244.453.860.500', 'D08.811.682.662.582.353', 'D08.811.682.690.708.170.495.500', 'D12.776.422.220.453.860.500'], ['D27.505.389.500.503', 'D27.505.519.389.335.503'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['G07.690.773.968'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D27.505.519.186.071.202.370', 'D27.505.519.389.370', 'D27.505.954.557.500.202.370'], ['D03.383.129.308'], ['E02.319.267.082.750', 'E02.319.267.530.540'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.185.475', 'D03.383.129.308.507', 'D03.383.129.617.467'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.638.400', 'D04.615.638.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['D03.633.300.953.600.500'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.638.400.900', 'D04.615.638.400.900'], ['D03.383.129.617'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Litoribrevibacter euphylliae sp. nov., isolated from the torch coral Euphyllia glabrescens.
|
Strain Eup a-2T, isolated from the torch coral Euphyllia glabrescens, was characterized using a polyphasic taxonomy approach. Cells of strain Eup a-2T were Gram-negative, aerobic and motile by three polar flagella and formed translucent colonies. Optimal growth occurred at 25 °C, pH 6-8 and in the presence of 2-4 % NaCl. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain Eup a-2T belonged to the genus Litoribrevibacter and showed the highest levels of sequence similarity with respect to Litoribrevibacter albus Y32T (97.8 %). Strain Eup a-2T contained summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ù7c and/or C16 : 1ù6c) and C16 : 0 as the predominant fatty acids. The predominant isoprenoid quinone was Q-8. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and diphophatidylglycerol. Genomic DNA G+C content of strain Eup a-2T was 49.1 mol%. The DNA-DNA hybridization value for strain Eup a-2T with L. albus Y32T was less than 30 %. Differential phenotypic properties, together with the phylogenetic inference, demonstrate that strain Eup a-2T should be classified as a novel species of the genus Litoribrevibacter, for which the name Litoribrevibactereuphylliae sp. nov. is presented. The type strain is Eup a-2T (=BCRC 81004T=LMG 29725T=KCTC 52438T).
|
['Animals', 'Anthozoa', 'Bacterial Typing Techniques', 'Base Composition', 'DNA, Bacterial', 'Fatty Acids', 'Nucleic Acid Hybridization', 'Oceanospirillaceae', 'Phospholipids', 'Phylogeny', 'RNA, Ribosomal, 16S', 'Sequence Analysis, DNA', 'Vitamin K 2']
| 29,235,976
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.500.308.237'], ['E01.370.225.875.150.125', 'E05.200.875.150.125'], ['G02.111.080'], ['D13.444.308.212'], ['D10.251'], ['E05.393.661', 'G02.111.611'], ['B03.440.595', 'B03.660.250.540'], ['D10.570.755'], ['G05.697', 'G16.075.605', 'L01.100.697'], ['D13.444.735.686.670'], ['E05.393.760.700'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.638.721.374.844', 'D02.455.849.291.523.500.844', 'D02.806.550.750', 'D04.615.638.721.374.844']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Cold blood potassium diltiazem cardioplegia.
|
Despite the use of cold blood potassium (CBK) cardioplegia, the severely impaired myocardium and/or long ischemia time continue to be a challenge. Because of the association of Ca++ with cell injury and death, the use of Ca++ entry blockers is logical. Investigation of cold blood diltiazem (CBD) revealed no advantages over CBK cardioplegia. The combination of potassium and diltiazem is appropriate because of their different mechanisms of action. Ten dogs had 1 hour of myocardial ischemia with topical ice (temperature 7 degrees +/- 2 degrees C) after coronary perfusion with 200 ml of cold blood (5 degrees +/- 1 degree C) containing potassium (30 mEq/L) and diltiazem (400 micrograms/kg). Eight dogs had 2 hours of ischemia after perfusion with 200 ml of cold blood containing potassium (30 mEq/L) and diltiazem (200 micrograms/kg) and reperfusion every 30 minutes with 100 ml of cold blood containing KCl (30 mEq/L) and diltiazem (100 micrograms/kg). Six dogs received the same treatment as the previous group except that diltiazem was increased to 1,600 micrograms/kg for all four perfusions. Baseline studies were repeated after 60 minutes of reperfusion without the use of Ca++ or inotropic agents. Heart rate, peak systolic pressure, velocity of the contractile element (Vce), maximum velocity of contractile element (Vmax), peak +dp/dt, peak -dp/dt, dp/dt over common peak isovolumic pressure, left ventricular compliance, stiffness and elasticity, and heart water were unchanged from control. Coronary vascular resistance was unchanged in Groups 1 and 2 but declined in Group 3. Creatine phosphate was preserved during ischemia; adenosine triphosphate (ATP) declined. With reperfusion there was continued fall in ATP, ADP, and the adenosine pool. Ultrastructure was well preserved. In 16 of 24 dogs defibrillation was not required, whereas all 48 dogs with CBK and all 13 with CBD required defibrillation. These data suggest that the addition of diltiazem to CBK provides more effective cardioplegia (preservation of creatine phosphate), although ATP and the adenosine pool continued to decline with reperfusion.
|
['Adenosine Triphosphate', 'Animals', 'Benzazepines', 'Coronary Circulation', 'Diltiazem', 'Dogs', 'Heart', 'Heart Arrest, Induced', 'Models, Biological', 'Myocardium', 'Phosphocreatine', 'Potassium']
| 6,694,411
|
[['D03.633.100.759.646.138.236', 'D13.695.667.138.236', 'D13.695.827.068.236'], ['B01.050'], ['D03.633.100.079'], ['G09.330.100.324'], ['D03.633.100.079.150'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.250.216.200'], ['A07.541'], ['E04.100.376.374', 'E04.928.220.360'], ['E05.599.395'], ['A02.633.580', 'A07.541.704', 'A10.690.552.750'], ['D12.125.373.603', 'D12.125.740.675'], ['D01.268.549.550', 'D01.268.557.575', 'D01.552.528.652', 'D01.552.547.650']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Specific health status has an impact on the willingness to use telemonitoring: data from a 2009 health survey in north rhine-westphalia, Germany.
|
OBJECTIVE: Demographic changes in Germany are expected to cause a rising need for medical care and therapy while capacities are declining. Telemedicine offers the option of minimizing some aspects of these problems, but so far, many telemedicine projects in Germany (including telemonitoring projects) are not applied to the clinical routine. This study was done to assess the influence of health factors on potential willingness to use telemonitoring devices at home.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Health status and other health-relevant factors were determined using individual and medical factors (e.g., reported diseases). Principal-component analysis was used to identify groups with a specific response behavior. This study was based on a representative telephone survey conducted in the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia in 2009.RESULTS: Willingness to use telemonitoring was high in North Rhine-Westphalia but decreased with age. Men showed a significantly greater willingness to use telemonitoring than did women. Also, there was an effect associated with the subjects' health status (e.g., cardiovascular diseases caused a decrease of 9.7% in the level of acceptance, whereas musculoskeletal disorders caused a decrease of 5.1%).CONCLUSIONS: The target groups for telemonitoring consisted mainly of elderly persons and those with certain diseases. This study showed that being diseased lowered the willingness to use telemonitoring. People need to understand better how telemonitoring can help to improve controlling their health status and coping with the disease. It is necessary to reflect on these specific needs if telemonitoring is to become routine in the German healthcare system.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Female', 'Germany', 'Health Status', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Patient Acceptance of Health Care', 'Telemetry', 'Young Adult']
| 23,906,307
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['Z01.542.315'], ['I01.240.425', 'N01.224.425', 'N06.850.505.400.425'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['F01.100.150.750.500', 'F01.145.488.887.500', 'N05.300.150.800.500'], ['E01.370.520.750', 'E05.925', 'L01.178.847.675'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Medical outcome data and physician feedback: walls are coming down!
|
Physician study groups or task forces based at the local or state level can play an important role in monitoring and disseminating outcome data. Twelve states already have begun pilot projects to look at data on practice variations.
|
['Data Collection', 'Internal Medicine', 'Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care', "Practice Patterns, Physicians'", 'Professional Review Organizations', 'State Government', 'United States']
| 10,103,660
|
[['E05.318.308', 'L01.399.250', 'N05.715.360.300', 'N06.850.520.308'], ['H02.403.429'], ['N04.761.559', 'N05.715.360.575'], ['N04.590.374.577', 'N05.300.625'], ['N04.761.673', 'N05.700.675'], ['I01.409.775', 'N03.540.348.875'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Meta-analysis: efficacy of therapeutic regimens in ongoing variceal bleeding.
|
BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: Variceal bleeding is a major cause of mortality in liver cirrhosis. Therapeutic options include medical (vasoconstrictive/vasoactive drugs) and endoscopic (sclerotherapy/ligation) treatments. Most studies evaluating acute esophageal bleeding have included patients with both ongoing and recent bleeding. Therefore therapeutic efficacy in ongoing bleeding may not have been adequately determined in these studies. A meta-analysis was performed for two reasons: first to compare directly the various treatments in the case of ongoing bleeding, as this would not be accomplished by a single trial, and secondly, to determine the success rates of each treatment option based on a larger number of patients.METHODS: An extensive Medline search identified 13 randomized controlled trials with precise statements of the number of patients with ongoing bleeding and their clinical outcomes. All studies followed a similar design and a Q test excluded heterogeneity of the studies. Data were pooled and cumulative success rates were calculated.RESULTS: Ligation appeared to be the most effective treatment (91.0 %, 95 % CI 82.4-96.3 %); it was significantly more successful than vasoconstrictive treatment (vasopressin/terlipressin 68.7 %, 61.7-75.2 %; P < 0.002, chi-squared-test) or vasoactive treatment (somatostatin/octreotide, 75.9 %, 68.1-82.6 %; P < 0.02) treatment, but was not statistically better than sclerotherapy (81.1 %, 71.7-88.4 %). The latter therapy was not statistically superior to medical treatment options. Calculations of estimated true effects, which take into account the weight of each study, rendered similar results.CONCLUSION: Ligation is the most effective treatment option. No significant difference was found between the efficacy of sclerotherapy and treatment with somatostatin or octreotide.
|
['Adult', 'Asian Continental Ancestry Group', 'Confidence Intervals', 'Endoscopy', 'Europe', 'Female', 'Hemorrhage', 'Humans', 'Ligation', 'Liver', 'Liver Cirrhosis', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'North America', 'Prospective Studies', 'Sclerotherapy', 'Time Factors', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Varicose Veins']
| 11,558,026
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.686.508.200'], ['E05.318.740.275', 'N05.715.360.750.220', 'N06.850.520.830.275'], ['E01.370.388.250', 'E04.502.250'], ['Z01.542'], ['C23.550.414'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E04.426'], ['A03.620'], ['C06.552.630', 'C23.550.355.412'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['Z01.107.567'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E02.319.805'], ['G01.910.857'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['C14.907.927']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
The benefits of corticosteroids in endotoxic shock.
|
The experiments reported here were undertaken to study the effects of pharmacological doses of corticosteroids administered alone or in conjunction with prolonged (12-hour) assisted circulation in 22 dogs subjected to LD50-60 Escherichia coli endotoxin. The most striking findings were lengthened survival time, higher cardiac output, decreased fluid requirement, and minimal evidence of pulmonary congestion or injury in the animals treated with steroids only. Unexplained mesenteric infarction prematurely terminated the experiments in animals undergoing assisted circulation. The benefits of corticosteroids in experimentally induced endotoxic shock are clearly demonstrated in these experiments. Further studies are needed to clarify the supportive role of assisted circulation in endotoxic shock and to determine any possible advantage of hypothermia over normothermia during its course.
|
['Animals', 'Assisted Circulation', 'Cardiac Output', 'Cardiopulmonary Bypass', 'Dogs', 'Escherichia coli', 'Furosemide', 'Glucocorticoids', 'Hemodynamics', 'Hypothermia, Induced', 'Kanamycin', 'Lung', 'Mesenteric Vascular Occlusion', 'Methylprednisolone', 'Myocardium', 'Shock, Septic', 'Time Factors', 'Water-Electrolyte Balance']
| 1,090,272
|
[['B01.050'], ['E04.050'], ['E01.370.370.380.150', 'G09.330.380.124'], ['E04.292.413'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.250.216.200'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['D02.065.884.725.300', 'D02.092.146.807.300', 'D02.886.590.700.725.300'], ['D06.472.040.543', 'D27.505.696.399.472.488'], ['G09.330.380'], ['E02.258.750'], ['D09.408.051.476'], ['A04.411'], ['C06.405.469.675', 'C06.844.550', 'C14.907.137.534'], ['D04.210.500.745.432.769.795.539'], ['A02.633.580', 'A07.541.704', 'A10.690.552.750'], ['C01.757.800', 'C23.550.470.790.500.800', 'C23.550.835.900.712'], ['G01.910.857'], ['G02.111.635.500', 'G03.615.500', 'G07.410.810.500']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Cortisol levels alter the response to metoclopramide in patients with hypothalamic amenorrhea.
|
The reduction in frequency and/or amplitude of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) pulses in patients with amenorrhea of hypothalamic origin has been attributed to increased dopamine activity. The objective of the present study was to determine the role of dopamine in the pathogenesis of hypothalamic amenorrhea. Fourteen patients with hypothalamic amenorrhea, nine of whom had psychogenic amenorrhea and five anorexia nervosa, were studied and compared with nine normal women during the early follicular phase. Metoclopramide (10 mg), a dopamine antagonist, was infused intravenously and blood samples were collected at 15-min intervals for 2 h for follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) measurement by radioimmunoassay. Both the hypothalamic amenorrhea (psychogenic amenorrhea and anorexia nervosa) and control groups were unresponsive to FSH, suggesting that dopamine may have little or no effect on FSH secretion. Five patients of the psychogenic amenorrhea group responded to LH (responsive psychogenic amenorrhea) and four did not (non-responsive psychogenic amenorrhea). No anorexia nervosa or control patient responded to the stimulus. Responsive psychogenic amenorrhea patients showed decreased basal cortisol levels compared to the non-responsive psychogenic amenorrhea and anorexia nervosa groups. It is possible that patients with exclusive alterations in the dopaminergic system are those who respond to metoclopramide (responsive psychogenic amenorrhea group), whereas patients who also have involvement of the hypothalamic-adrenal axis like the women with anorexia nervosa, are not responsive to metoclopramide and tend to have elevated cortisol levels. The non-responsive psychogenic amenorrhea group, with elevated cortisol levels, probably represents an intermediate step between the responsive psychogenic amenorrhea and anorexia nervosa patients.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Amenorrhea', 'Anorexia Nervosa', 'Dopamine', 'Estradiol', 'Female', 'Follicle Stimulating Hormone', 'Humans', 'Hydrocortisone', 'Hypothalamic Diseases', 'Kinetics', 'Luteinizing Hormone', 'Metoclopramide', 'Prolactin']
| 7,793,305
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['C23.550.568.500'], ['F03.400.125'], ['D02.092.211.215.406', 'D02.092.311.342', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.175.342'], ['D04.210.500.365.415.248', 'D06.472.334.851.437.500'], ['D06.472.699.322.576.288', 'D06.472.699.631.525.343.288', 'D12.644.548.691.525.343.288'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D04.210.500.745.745.654.600', 'D06.472.040.585.353.476', 'D06.472.040.585.478.392'], ['C10.228.140.617'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['D06.472.699.322.576.463', 'D06.472.699.631.525.343.463', 'D12.644.548.691.525.343.463'], ['D02.065.277.573', 'D02.241.223.100.050.500.647', 'D02.241.223.100.100.510', 'D02.241.223.100.200.750', 'D02.241.223.100.300.350.625', 'D02.241.511.390.350.625', 'D02.455.426.559.389.127.020.937.647', 'D02.455.426.559.389.127.085.510', 'D02.455.426.559.389.127.250.750', 'D02.455.426.559.389.127.281.350.625', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.654.638.625'], ['D06.472.699.322.576.773', 'D06.472.699.631.525.525', 'D12.644.548.691.525.525']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Effects of selective attention on perceptual filling-in.
|
After few seconds, a figure steadily presented in peripheral vision becomes perceptually filled-in by its background, as if it "disappeared". We report that directing attention to the color, shape, or location of a figure increased the probability of perceiving filling-in compared to unattended figures, without modifying the time required for filling-in. This effect could be augmented by boosting attention. Furthermore, the frequency distribution of filling-in response times for attended figures could be predicted by multiplying the frequencies of response times for unattended figures with a constant. We propose that, after failure of figure-ground segregation, the neural interpolation processes that produce perceptual filling-in are enhanced in attended figure regions. As filling-in processes are involved in surface perception, the present study demonstrates that even very early visual processes are subject to modulation by cognitive factors.
|
['Adult', 'Attention', 'Color Perception', 'Form Perception', 'Humans', 'Models, Psychological', 'Perception', 'Reaction Time', 'Space Perception']
| 16,513,000
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['F02.830.104.214'], ['F02.463.593.932.217'], ['F02.463.593.373', 'F02.463.593.778.435'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.599.695'], ['F02.463.593'], ['E05.796.817', 'F02.830.650', 'F04.669.817', 'G11.561.677'], ['F02.463.593.778']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Induction of beta-defensin 3 in keratinocytes stimulated by bacterial lipopeptides through toll-like receptor 2.
|
The epidermis, which covers the surface of all mammals, serves as a front line of defense against the invasion of pathogenic microbes and acts as a crucial site for innate immune responses. Various antimicrobial molecules are expressed not only on the surfaces of monocytes but also on epithelial cells. beta-Defensins, a family of antimicrobial peptides, are produced by several types of epithelial cells, including keratinocytes. However, the induction pathways for beta-defensins in keratinocytes are not fully understood. We hypothesized that bacterial components would trigger the expression of beta-defensins in keratinocytes through a toll-like receptor (TLR)-MyD88 signaling pathway that plays important roles in innate immunity. Production of TNF-alpha and IL-1 alpha following stimulation with lipopolysaccharide or bacterial lipopeptides was completely abolished in TLR2&TLR4-doubly deficient keratinocytes and in MyD88-deficient keratinocytes. Expression of murine beta-defensin was upregulated by bacterial lipopeptides in wild-type keratinocytes, while it was attenuated in TLR2-deficient keratinocytes. To evaluate the in vivo role of TLRs in keratinocytes, we inoculated Staphylococcus aureus into the tail skin from TLR2-deficient mice that had been grafted on the dorsal skin of syngeneic mice. The grafted skin from TLR2-deficient mice resulted in erosion. These studies strongly suggest that the TLR2-MyD88-dependent pathway in keratinocytes is essential for antimicrobial activity in vivo.
|
['Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing', 'Animals', 'Biopsy', 'Blotting, Western', 'Epidermis', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Interleukin-1', 'Keratinocytes', 'Lipopolysaccharides', 'Lipoproteins', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Mice, Knockout', 'Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Skin Diseases, Bacterial', 'Staphylococcal Infections', 'Staphylococcus aureus', 'Toll-Like Receptor 2', 'Toll-Like Receptor 4', 'Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha', 'beta-Defensins']
| 16,697,678
|
[['D12.644.360.024', 'D12.776.157.057', 'D12.776.476.024'], ['B01.050'], ['E01.370.225.500.384.100', 'E01.370.225.998.054', 'E01.370.388.100', 'E04.074', 'E05.200.500.384.100', 'E05.200.998.054', 'E05.242.384.100'], ['E05.196.401.143', 'E05.301.300.096', 'E05.478.566.320.200', 'E05.601.262', 'E05.601.470.320.200'], ['A10.272.497', 'A17.815.250'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.010', 'D12.644.276.374.500.400', 'D12.776.467.374.465.010', 'D12.776.467.374.500.400', 'D23.529.374.465.131', 'D23.529.374.500.400'], ['A11.409.500', 'A11.436.397'], ['D09.400.500', 'D09.698.718.450', 'D10.494', 'D23.050.161.616.525', 'D23.946.123.329.500'], ['D10.532', 'D12.776.521'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['B01.050.050.136.500.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.455', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800.500'], ['D12.644.360.024.311', 'D12.776.157.057.074', 'D12.776.476.024.390'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['E05.393.620.500.725'], ['C01.150.252.819', 'C01.800.720', 'C17.800.838.765'], ['C01.150.252.410.868'], ['B03.300.390.400.800.750.100', 'B03.353.500.750.750.100', 'B03.510.100.750.750.100', 'B03.510.400.790.750.100'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.910.500.200'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.910.500.400'], ['D12.644.276.374.500.800', 'D12.644.276.374.750.626', 'D12.776.124.900', 'D12.776.395.930', 'D12.776.467.374.500.800', 'D12.776.467.374.750.626', 'D23.529.374.500.800', 'D23.529.374.750.626'], ['D12.644.050.200.075', 'D12.776.543.695.054.200.075']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Backstepping control for periodically time-varying systems using high-order neural network and Fourier series expansion.
|
An adaptive backstepping tracking scheme is developed for a class of strict-feedback systems with unknown periodically time-varying parameters and unknown control gain functions. High-order neural network (HONN) and Fourier series expansion (FSE) are combined into a new function approximator to model each uncertain term in the system. The dynamic surface control (DSC) approach is used to solve the problem of 'explosion of complexity' in the backstepping design procedure. Nussbaum gain function (NGF) is employed to deal with the unknown control gain functions. The uniform boundedness of all closed-loop signals is guaranteed. The tracking error is proved to converge to a small residual set around the origin. Two simulation examples are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the control scheme designed in this paper.
|
['Algorithms', 'Artificial Intelligence', 'Computer Simulation', 'Feedback', 'Fourier Analysis', 'Industry', 'Models, Statistical', 'Neural Networks, Computer', 'Nonlinear Dynamics']
| 20,381,045
|
[['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['G17.035.250', 'L01.224.050.375'], ['L01.224.160'], ['L01.906.394.211'], ['E05.377', 'G17.226', 'L01.224.800.625'], ['J01.576'], ['E05.318.740.500', 'E05.599.835', 'N05.715.360.750.530', 'N06.850.520.830.500'], ['G17.485', 'L01.224.050.375.605'], ['E05.599.850', 'H01.548.675']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
[Clinical and bacteriological manifestations of nonspecific infection of the urinary tract and dysbacteriosis in patients with tuberculosis of the kidneys].
|
Altogether 124 patients with tuberculosis of the kidney and post-tuberculous changes of the urinary tracts were investigated. Changes in microflora of the urine, feces, blood, fauces, vagina, and resected tissues in the course of antituberculous therapy were studied. Frequent disorders in ecological equilibrium of autoflora of the macro-organism were shown to develop in the first 2-4 months of antituberculous therapy, mainly in patients with an active tuberculous process and a complicated course (urinary stasis, chronic renal insufficiency). Intestinal dysbacteriosis was diagnosed in 32.1% of the patients, nonspecific microflora in the urine--in 32.9-42.4%. Early detection and correction of dysbacteriosis was an indispensable condition for effective treatment of tuberculosis of the urinary system.
|
['Adult', 'Antitubercular Agents', 'Bacteria', 'Bacterial Infections', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Intestines', 'Kidney Failure, Chronic', 'Male', 'Mycobacterium tuberculosis', 'Time Factors', 'Tuberculosis, Renal', 'Urinary Tract Infections', 'Urine']
| 3,128,884
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D27.505.954.122.085.255'], ['B03'], ['C01.150.252'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A03.556.124'], ['C12.777.419.780.750.500', 'C13.351.968.419.780.750.500'], ['B03.510.024.962.500.702', 'B03.510.460.400.410.552.552.702'], ['G01.910.857'], ['C01.150.252.410.040.552.846.944.847', 'C12.672.847', 'C12.777.419.912', 'C13.351.750.970', 'C13.351.968.419.912'], ['C01.915', 'C12.777.892', 'C13.351.968.892'], ['A12.207.927']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
[Hepatic resection after systemic chemotherapy for liver metastasis of colorectal cancer].
|
We report 8 cases of hepatic resection after systemic chemotherapy for metastatic colorectal cancer. Three patients had unresectable hepatic lesions, and 5 patients were given neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The mean age was 69 (range: 55-81). Five patients received an oxaliplatin based regimen, 4 patients received irinotecan based regimen and 1 patient received UFT/LV. Four patients were treated with bevacizumab, and 2 patients with cetuximab. Duration of chemotherapy was 12 weeks (the mid range of 7-90 weeks). Six patients were PR, and 2 were SD. Although 1 patient had a minor biliary fistula, no major complications were observed. The duration of postoperative hospital stay was 17 (the average range of 13-22). Our results suggest that preoperative chemotherapy for hepatic resection of metastatic colorectal cancer is safe and has no adverse effect on surgery.
|
['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Angiogenesis Inhibitors', 'Antibodies, Monoclonal', 'Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized', 'Antineoplastic Agents', 'Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic', 'Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols', 'Bevacizumab', 'Camptothecin', 'Cetuximab', 'Colorectal Neoplasms', 'Combined Modality Therapy', 'Drug Administration Schedule', 'Hepatectomy', 'Humans', 'Irinotecan', 'Length of Stay', 'Liver Neoplasms', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoadjuvant Therapy', 'Organoplatinum Compounds', 'Oxaliplatin', 'Tegafur', 'Uracil']
| 21,224,641
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['D27.505.696.377.077.099', 'D27.505.696.377.450.100', 'D27.505.954.248.025'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224.060', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224.060', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224.200'], ['D27.505.954.248'], ['D27.505.954.248.179'], ['E02.183.750.500', 'E02.319.077.500', 'E02.319.310.037'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224.060.375', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224.060.438', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224.200.438'], ['D03.132.151'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224.060.750', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224.060.750', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224.200.750'], ['C04.588.274.476.411.307', 'C06.301.371.411.307', 'C06.405.249.411.307', 'C06.405.469.158.356', 'C06.405.469.491.307', 'C06.405.469.860.180'], ['E02.186'], ['E02.319.283'], ['E04.210.556'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D03.132.151.425'], ['E02.760.400.480', 'N02.421.585.400.480'], ['C04.588.274.623', 'C06.301.623', 'C06.552.697'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E02.186.450'], ['D02.691.788'], ['D02.257.750'], ['D03.383.742.698.875.404.850'], ['D03.383.742.698.875']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
PON3 knockout mice are susceptible to obesity, gallstone formation, and atherosclerosis.
|
We report the engineering and characterization of paraoxonase-3 knockout mice (Pon3KO). The mice were generally healthy but exhibited quantitative alterations in bile acid metabolism and a 37% increased body weight compared to the wild-type mice on a high fat diet. PON3 was enriched in the mitochondria-associated membrane fraction of hepatocytes. PON3 deficiency resulted in impaired mitochondrial respiration, increased mitochondrial superoxide levels, and increased hepatic expression of inflammatory genes. PON3 deficiency did not influence atherosclerosis development on an apolipoprotein E null hyperlipidemic background, but it did lead to a significant 60% increase in atherosclerotic lesion size in Pon3KO mice on the C57BL/6J background when fed a cholate-cholesterol diet. On the diet, the Pon3KO had significantly increased plasma intermediate-density lipoprotein/LDL cholesterol and bile acid levels. They also exhibited significantly elevated levels of hepatotoxicity markers in circulation, a 58% increase in gallstone weight, a 40% increase in hepatic cholesterol level, and increased mortality. Furthermore, Pon3KO mice exhibited decreased hepatic bile acid synthesis and decreased bile acid levels in the small intestine compared with wild-type mice. Our study suggests a role for PON3 in the metabolism of lipid and bile acid as well as protection against atherosclerosis, gallstone disease, and obesity.
|
['Animals', 'Apolipoproteins E', 'Aryldialkylphosphatase', 'Atherosclerosis', 'Bile Acids and Salts', 'Chemokine CCL2', 'Cholesterol, Dietary', 'Cholic Acid', 'Diet', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Female', 'Gallstones', 'Gene Expression', 'Genetic Predisposition to Disease', 'Inflammation Mediators', 'Interleukin-6', 'Intestine, Small', 'Kidney', 'Lipid Metabolism', 'Liver', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Mice, Knockout', 'Mitochondria, Liver', 'Obesity']
| 25,477,283
|
[['B01.050'], ['D10.532.091.500', 'D12.776.070.400.500', 'D12.776.521.120.500'], ['D08.811.277.352.660.500'], ['C14.907.137.126.307'], ['D04.210.500.105'], ['D12.644.276.374.200.110.990.600', 'D12.776.467.374.200.110.990.600', 'D23.125.300.110.990.600', 'D23.469.200.110.990.600', 'D23.529.374.200.110.990.500'], ['D04.210.500.247.808.197.225', 'D10.212.302.347', 'D10.570.938.208.222'], ['D04.210.500.105.225.130', 'D04.210.500.221.430.130'], ['G07.203.650.240'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['C06.130.409.633', 'C06.130.564.332.500', 'C23.300.175.525'], ['G05.297'], ['C23.550.291.687.500', 'G05.380.355'], ['D23.469'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.224', 'D12.776.467.374.465.202', 'D23.529.374.465.224'], ['A03.556.124.684'], ['A05.810.453'], ['G03.458'], ['A03.620'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['B01.050.050.136.500.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.455', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800.500'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.564.461', 'A11.284.835.626.461'], ['C18.654.726.500', 'C23.888.144.699.500', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120.699.500', 'G07.100.100.160.120.699.500']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Comparison of delivery characteristics from a combination metered-dose inhaler using the Andersen cascade impactor and the next generation pharmaceutical impactor.
|
The purpose of this research was to compare two cascade impaction devices for the aerodynamic particle size assessment of a combination metered-dose inhaler (MDI) product, Combivent. Particle size analysis was performed using an Anderson Mark II cascade impactor (ACI) and a Next Generation Pharmaceutical Impactor (NGI), both fitted with a preseparator and either a 1 L glass chamber or USP throat, and operated at various flow rates. Particle size distributions (PSDs) and dose delivery profiles were assessed by means of the mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD), geometric standard deviation (GSD), fine particle fraction <5 micron aerodynamic diameter (FPF(<5 microm)), and induction port deposition fraction (IPF). Under their normal operating conditions, the ACI (28.3 L/min) and the NGI (30 L/min) yield similar PSDs and dose delivery profiles. However, this equivalent performance for the ACI and the NGI no longer exists at a higher flow rate of 60 L/min. Furthermore, changes in PSD results may also be obtained between different operators and/or when different induction port designs were employed. Thus, it is strongly recommended that special care be taken to eliminate variation in experimental parameters and/or selection of ancillary devices such as the preseparator, induction port or throat, to insure good repeatability and reproducibility when testing inhalation drugs.
|
['Administration, Inhalation', 'Metered Dose Inhalers', 'Particle Size', 'Pharmaceutical Preparations']
| 17,932,959
|
[['E02.319.267.050'], ['E07.605.750'], ['G02.712'], ['D26']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Female preference for male saliva: implications for sexual isolation of Mus musculus subspecies.
|
We studied the effects of a single genetic change on a complex mammalian behavior using animals congenic for two variants of Abpa, the gene for the alpha subunit of mouse salivary androgen-binding protein (ABP), in two-way preference tests. Females exhibited a preference for investigating salivas of males of their own genetic type of ABP but not for urines of either type of male. This preference behavior is consistent for samples of mice from geographically diverse populations of Mus musculus domesticus and M. m. musculus. These findings provide an explanation for the observation that this gene is evolving under strong selection.
|
['Androgen-Binding Protein', 'Animals', 'Female', 'Male', 'Maze Learning', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C3H', 'Saliva', 'Sexual Behavior, Animal', 'Species Specificity', 'Videotape Recording']
| 11,327,170
|
[['D12.776.157.065'], ['B01.050'], ['F02.463.425.874.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.388', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.388'], ['A12.200.666'], ['F01.145.113.252.748'], ['G16.824'], ['J01.897.280.500.846.734', 'J01.897.280.500.898.840', 'L01.178.590.875.840', 'L01.178.820.090.846.734', 'L01.178.820.090.898.840', 'L01.280.940.840', 'L01.280.960.880']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Essentiality of the glnA gene in Haloferax mediterranei: gene conversion and transcriptional analysis.
|
Glutamine synthetase is an essential enzyme in ammonium assimilation and glutamine biosynthesis. The Haloferax mediterranei genome has two other glnA-type genes (glnA2 and glnA3) in addition to the glutamine synthetase gene glnA. To determine whether the glnA2 and glnA3 genes can replace glnA in nitrogen metabolism, we generated deletion mutants of glnA. The glnA deletion mutants could not be generated in a medium without glutamine, and thus, glnA is an essential gene in H. mediterranei. The glnA deletion mutant was achieved by adding 40 mM glutamine to the selective medium. This conditional HM26-ÄglnA mutant was characterised with different approaches in the presence of distinct nitrogen sources and nitrogen starvation. Transcriptomic analysis was performed to compare the expression profiles of the strains HM26-ÄglnA and HM26 under different growth conditions. The glnA deletion did not affect the expression of glnA2, glnA3 and nitrogen assimilation genes under nitrogen starvation. Moreover, the results showed that glnA, glnA2 and glnA3 were not expressed under the same conditions. These results indicated that glnA is an essential gene for H. mediterranei and, therefore, glnA2 and glnA3 cannot replace glnA in the conditions analysed.
|
['Gene Conversion', 'Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase', 'Glutamine', 'Haloferax mediterranei']
| 32,296,946
|
[['G05.728.615.475'], ['D08.811.464.259.200.600'], ['D12.125.068.330', 'D12.125.095.461', 'D12.125.154.424'], ['B02.200.400.400.440.500']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Differential expression and interaction of host factors augment HIV-1 gene expression in neonatal mononuclear cells.
|
We have previously shown a higher level of HIV-1 replication and gene expression in neonatal (cord) blood mononuclear cells (CBMC) compared with adult blood cells (PBMC), which could be due to differential expression of host factors. We performed the gene expression profile of CBMC and PBMC and found that 8013 genes were expressed at higher levels in CBMC than PBMC and 8028 genes in PBMC than CBMC, including 1181 and 1414 genes upregulated after HIV-1 infection in CBMC and PBMC, respectively. Several transcription factors (NF-kappaB, E2F, HAT-1, TFIIE, Cdk9, Cyclin T1), signal transducers (STAT3, STAT5A) and cytokines (IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-10) were upregulated in CBMC than PBMC, which are known to influence HIV-1 replication. In addition, a repressor of HIV-1 transcription, YY1, was down regulated in CBMC than PBMC and several matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-7, -12, -14) were significantly upregulated in HIV-1 infected CBMC than PBMC. Furthermore, we show that CBMC nuclear extracts interacted with a higher extent to HIV-1 LTR cis-acting sequences, including NF-kappaB, NFAT, AP1 and NF-IL6 compared with PBMC nuclear extracts and retroviral based short hairpin RNA (shRNA) for STAT3 and IL-6 down regulated their own and HIV-1 gene expression, signifying that these factors influenced differential HIV-1 gene expression in CBMC than PBMC.
|
['Adult', 'Base Sequence', 'DNA Probes', 'Female', 'Fetal Blood', 'Gene Expression', 'Gene Expression Profiling', 'HIV Infections', 'HIV Long Terminal Repeat', 'HIV-1', 'Host-Pathogen Interactions', 'Humans', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical', 'Interleukin-6', 'Leukocytes, Mononuclear', 'Pregnancy', 'RNA Interference', 'STAT3 Transcription Factor', 'Transcription Factors', 'Virus Replication']
| 20,138,641
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['D13.444.600.223', 'D27.505.259.750.600.223', 'D27.720.470.530.600.223'], ['A12.207.152.200', 'A15.145.300', 'A16.378.200'], ['G05.297'], ['E05.393.332'], ['C01.221.250.875', 'C01.221.812.640.400', 'C01.778.640.400', 'C01.925.782.815.616.400', 'C01.925.813.400', 'C20.673.480'], ['G02.111.570.080.708.850.400', 'G05.360.080.708.850.400'], ['B04.820.650.589.650.350.400'], ['G06.462', 'G16.527.200'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.481'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['N06.850.335.875'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.224', 'D12.776.467.374.465.202', 'D23.529.374.465.224'], ['A11.118.637.555', 'A15.145.229.637.555', 'A15.382.490.555'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['G05.308.203.374.790'], ['D12.644.360.024.342.300', 'D12.776.157.057.186.300', 'D12.776.476.024.430.300', 'D12.776.930.840.300'], ['D12.776.930'], ['G06.920.925']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
[Specificity of lipid and lipoprotein status in healthy students at the University of Novi Sad].
|
INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of hyperlipoproteinemias and normolipidemic dyslipoproteinemias, and distribution of desirable, borderline and high-risk values of certain lipid status parameters in healthy young individuals.MATERIAL AND METHODS: In this investigation we examined 213 students of the University of Novi Sad of both genders, 20-30 years of age. Standard biochemical methods were used to determine values of total serum cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, and lipoproteins by cellulose acetate electrophoresis. The level of LDL cholesterol and LDL/HDL cholesterol and total/HDL cholesterol ratios were calculated.RESULTS: In this group hyperlipoproteinemia was established in 42.3% of cases and normolipidemic dyslipoproteinemia in 65.3%. Total serum cholesterol was minimally elevated in 39.0% of tested students, elevated with high risk in 3.3% and triglycerides were minimally elevated in 1.0%. Presence of elevated LDL cholesterol (24.4% minimally and 13.2% with high risk) is remarkably significant. HDL cholesterol is minimally decreased in 54.0% of tested students, and severely in 3.3%.DISCUSSION: The tested parameters deviate from desirable levels with an alarmingly high frequency, given the fact that this is a group of healthy young individuals with no previous history of lipid and lipoprotein metabolism disorders. It can be hypothesized that a joint hyper Lp(a)-lipoproteinemia can exist with a significant occurrence. These results could be associated with similar disorders in families of tested students, unhealthy food habits and lifestyle, use of oral contraceptives and smoking.CONCLUSION: Our results point to the need for performing gradual laboratory diagnostic procedures for routine check-ups in students.
|
['Adult', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hyperlipidemias', 'Hyperlipoproteinemias', 'Lipids', 'Lipoproteins', 'Male', 'Students', 'Yugoslavia']
| 11,759,223
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C18.452.584.500.500'], ['C18.452.584.500.500.644'], ['D10'], ['D10.532', 'D12.776.521'], ['M01.848'], ['Z01.586.980']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
|
Identification of factors associated with high breast cancer risk in the mothers of children with soft tissue sarcoma.
|
Information on the past medical history of the mothers of a population-based series of 177 children with soft tissue sarcoma was obtained by interview and from medical records. Eight mothers developed breast cancer, six premenopausally, compared with 3.26 expected (P = .04), but no excess of other types of cancers was detected. High breast cancer risk was associated with the following factors in the index child: age at diagnosis less than 24 months (relative risk [RR], 7.84), embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma (RR, 3.74), and male sex (RR, 3.02). Characteristics in the mother associated with high breast cancer risk were the following: late age at first birth (RR, 5.13), late age at birth of index child (RR, 5.69), and high birth-rank order of index child (RR, 4.08). The results suggest there may be a subset of childhood soft tissue sarcoma with a predominantly genetic etiology. The association between premenopausal breast cancer in the mother, late age at birth of index child, and early onset of soft tissue sarcoma in the index child suggests that these three events are not independent and that interactions between genetic and other factors may be important. The identification of a group of women at high risk for breast cancer affords an opportunity for screening and early detection. The study of cancer family syndromes may provide insights into underlying mechanisms in cancer genetics.
|
['Adult', 'Breast Neoplasms', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Incidence', 'Infant', 'Male', 'Maternal Age', 'Middle Aged', 'Parity', 'Risk Factors', 'Sarcoma', 'Soft Tissue Neoplasms']
| 2,313,328
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['C04.588.180', 'C17.800.090.500'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.375', 'N01.224.935.597.500', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.375', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.375'], ['M01.060.703'], ['G08.686.560', 'N05.715.350.075.550', 'N06.850.490.250.550'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G08.686.677', 'G08.686.784.769.472', 'N06.850.490.812.600'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['C04.557.450.795'], ['C04.588.839']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
In situ detection of a heat-shock regulatory element binding protein using a soluble synthetic enhancer sequence.
|
In various studies, enhancer binding proteins have been successfully absorbed out by competing sequences inserted into plasmids, resulting in the inhibition of the plasmid expression. Theoretically, such a result could be achieved using synthetic enhancer sequences not inserted into plasmids. In this study, a double stranded DNA sequence corresponding to the human heat shock regulatory element was chemically synthesized. By in vitro retardation assays, the synthetic sequence was shown to bind specifically a protein in extracts from the human T cell line Jurkat. When the synthetic enhancer was electroporated into Jurkat cells, not only the enhancer was shown to remain undegraded into the cells for up to 2 days, but also it was shown to bind intracellularly a protein. The binding was specific and was modulated upon heat shock. Furthermore, the binding protein was shown to be of the expected molecular weight by UV crosslinking. However, when the synthetic enhancer element was co-electroporated with an HSP 70-CAT reporter construct, the expression of the reporter plasmid was consistently enhanced in the presence of the exogenous synthetic enhancer.
|
['Cell Line', 'Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase', 'DNA-Binding Proteins', 'Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel', 'Enhancer Elements, Genetic', 'Heat-Shock Proteins', 'Humans', 'Leukemia, T-Cell', 'Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid', 'Tumor Cells, Cultured']
| 2,740,211
|
[['A11.251.210'], ['D08.811.913.050.134.170'], ['D12.776.260'], ['E05.196.401.402', 'E05.301.300.319'], ['G02.111.570.080.689.330', 'G05.360.080.689.330', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.750.249'], ['D12.776.580.216'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.557.337.428.580', 'C15.604.515.560.575', 'C20.683.515.528.582'], ['G02.111.570.080.689', 'G05.360.080.689'], ['A11.251.860']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Two pathways of rod photoreceptor cell death induced by elevated cGMP.
|
Cyclic-GMP is a second messenger in phototransduction, a G-protein signaling cascade that conveys photon absorption by rhodopsin to a change in current at the rod photoreceptor outer segment plasma membrane. Basal cGMP level is strictly controlled by the opposing actions of phosphodiesterase (PDE6) and retinal guanylyl cyclases (GCs), and mutations in genes that disrupt cGMP homeostasis leads to retinal degeneration in humans through mechanisms that are incompletely understood. The purpose of this study is to examine two distinct cellular targets of cGMP: the cGMP-gated (CNG) channels and protein kinase G (PRKG), and how each may contribute to rod cell death. Using a mouse genetic approach, we found that abolishing expression of CNG channels prolongs rod survival caused by elevated cGMP in a PDE6 mutant mouse model. This observation supports the use of channel blockers to delay rod death, which is expected to prolong useful vision through enhanced cone survival. However, the absence of CNG channel alone also caused abnormal cGMP accumulation. In a mouse model of CNG channel loss-of-function, abolishing PRKG1 expression had a long-lasting effect in promoting rod cell survival. Our data strongly implicate two distinct cGMP-mediated cell death pathways, and suggest that therapeutic designs targeting both pathways will be more effective at slowing photoreceptor cell death caused by elevated cGMP.
|
['Animals', 'Cell Death', 'Cyclic GMP', 'Cyclic GMP-Dependent Protein Kinases', 'Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated Cation Channels', 'Guanylate Cyclase', 'Ion Channels', 'Mice', 'Mice, Knockout', 'Retina', 'Retinal Cone Photoreceptor Cells', 'Retinal Degeneration', 'Retinal Rod Photoreceptor Cells', 'Rhodopsin', 'Rod Cell Outer Segment', 'Signal Transduction']
| 28,379,353
|
[['B01.050'], ['G04.146'], ['D03.633.100.759.646.454.160', 'D13.695.462.275', 'D13.695.667.454.160', 'D13.695.827.426.160'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.150.150', 'D12.644.360.200.150', 'D12.776.476.200.150'], ['D12.776.157.530.400.337', 'D12.776.543.550.450.452', 'D12.776.543.585.400.452'], ['D08.811.520.650.600', 'D12.644.360.350', 'D12.776.476.350'], ['D12.776.157.530.400', 'D12.776.543.550.450', 'D12.776.543.585.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.136.500.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.455', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800.500'], ['A09.371.729'], ['A08.675.650.850.625.670.100', 'A08.675.650.915.937.670.100', 'A08.800.950.937.670.100', 'A09.371.729.831.625.670.100', 'A11.671.650.850.625.670.100', 'A11.671.650.915.937.670.100'], ['C11.270.612', 'C11.768.585'], ['A08.675.650.850.625.670.650', 'A08.675.650.915.937.670.650', 'A08.800.950.937.670.650', 'A09.371.729.831.625.670.650', 'A11.671.650.850.625.670.650', 'A11.671.650.915.937.670.650'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.955', 'D23.767.930.750.500.500'], ['A08.675.650.850.625.670.375.500', 'A08.675.650.850.625.670.650.650', 'A08.675.650.915.937.670.375.500', 'A08.675.650.915.937.670.650.650', 'A08.800.950.937.670.375.500', 'A08.800.950.937.670.650.650', 'A09.371.729.831.625.670.375.500', 'A09.371.729.831.625.670.650.650', 'A11.671.650.850.625.670.375.500', 'A11.671.650.850.625.670.650.650', 'A11.671.650.915.937.670.375.500', 'A11.671.650.915.937.670.650.650'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Population pharmacokinetic modeling and model validation of a spicamycin derivative, KRN5500, in phase 1 study.
|
PURPOSE: KRN5500, a novel spicamycin derivative, shows the greatest activity against a human tumor xenograft model and the highest therapeutic index among spicamycin derivatives. KRN5500 is currently under clinical development in Japan and the United States. The objective of this study was to develop a population pharmacokinetic model that describes the KRN5500 plasma concentration versus time data.METHODS: Data were collected from 18 patients entered in a phase 1 study. These patients received KRN5500 3-21 mg/m2 as a 2-h infusion. A total of 219 concentration measurements were available. The data were analyzed using the nonlinear mixed effect model (NONMEM) program. In addition, the basic and final population pharmacokinetic models were evaluated using bootstrapping resampling.RESULTS: The basic model selected was a two-compartment model with a combination of additive and constant coefficient of variation error models. The basic model fitted well not only the original data, but also 100 bootstrap replicates generated from the original data set. With regard to the effect of covariates selected by generalized additive modeling analysis, gender (SEX) and performance status were found to be possible determinants of the volume of central compartment by NONMEM analysis. The final regression model for V1 was V1 = theta V1 (1--SEX x theta SEX), where V1 is the typical population value of the volume of central compartment, and SEX = 0 if the patient is male, otherwise SEX = 1. The final model was fitted to the 200 bootstrapped samples. The mean parameter estimates were within 15% of those obtained with the original data set.CONCLUSIONS: The KRN5500 plasma concentration versus time data obtained from the phase 1 study were well described by the population pharmacokinetic model. Further evaluation by bootstrapping showed that the population pharmacokinetic model was stable.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Antibiotics, Antineoplastic', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Infusions, Intravenous', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Models, Biological', 'Purine Nucleosides']
| 11,391,855
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D27.505.954.248.106'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.319.267.082.500', 'E02.319.267.510.590'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.599.395'], ['D03.633.100.759.590', 'D13.570.583']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Utilization of delivery care among rural women in China: does the health insurance make a difference? a cross-sectional study.
|
BACKGROUND: Since 2003, the New Cooperative Medical Scheme (NCMS) has been implemented throughout rural China, usually covering delivery services in its benefit package. The objective of this study was to compare the difference of utilization of delivery services, expenditures, and local women's perceived affordability between women with and without reimbursement from NCMS.METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was carried out in two rural counties in Shaanxi province, China, during December 2008-March 2009. Women giving birth from April 2008 to March 2009 were interviewed by a structured questionnaire to collect information on utilization of delivery services. Multivariable analyses were used to compare the differences in outcomes between women with and without reimbursement from NCMS.RESULTS: Of the total 1613 women interviewed, 747(46.3%) got reimbursement to cover their expenditure on delivery care (NCMS group) and 866(53.7%) paid delivery services entirely out of their own pocket (Non-NCMS group). Compared with the Non-NCMS group, the NCMS group had significantly more women who delivered at hospital. The rate of Caesarean section (CS), proportion of women seeking higher level services, and length of hospitalization were similar between the two groups. The total hospital costs for delivery services in the NCMS group was significantly smaller and after being reimbursed, the out-of-pocket payment in the NCMS group was less than a half of that in the Non-NCMS group. Fewer women in the NCMS group than in the Non-NCMS group considered their payment for delivery services expensive.CONCLUSIONS: There was no evidence of overuse delivery services among the women reimbursed by NCMS. Total hospital costs and women's costs for delivery services were found lower in the NCMS group, subsequently alleviation on women's perceived financial affordability.
|
['Adult', 'China', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Female', 'Health Expenditures', 'Humans', 'Insurance Coverage', 'Insurance, Health', 'Interviews as Topic', 'Multivariate Analysis', 'Rural Health Services', 'State Medicine', 'Young Adult']
| 21,073,757
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['Z01.252.474.164'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['N03.219.151.450', 'N05.300.385'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N03.219.521.576.265'], ['N03.219.521.576.343'], ['E05.318.308.420', 'L01.399.250.520', 'N05.715.360.300.400', 'N06.850.520.308.420'], ['E05.318.740.150.500', 'N05.715.360.750.125.500', 'N06.850.520.830.150.500'], ['N02.421.816'], ['N03.349.550.902', 'N03.858'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Liver volume and uptake assessment using 123I-BSP tomography.
|
Liver volume and parenchymal cell uptake of 123I-bromosulphthalein (BSP) has been assessed using the technique of single photon emission tomography (SPET). These results have been compared with a clinical scoring of disease severity and also with results for liver volume and tomographically assessed uptake of 99Tcm-sulphur colloid (SC). Comparisons of volume estimation, geometric mean (GM) uptake curves and a distribution index derived by a mapping technique with both radiopharmaceuticals, show that 123I-BSP tomography is feasible. A short acquisition time is required in order to obtain tomographic information before there is significant biliary excretion. There was a significant difference between the mean percentage uptake of 123I-BSP in the three groups of liver disease severity (P less than 0.002). This technique merits further evaluation in the study of the assessment of functional liver impairment.
|
['Female', 'Humans', 'Iodine Radioisotopes', 'Liver', 'Liver Diseases', 'Liver Function Tests', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Models, Anatomic', 'Sulfobromophthalein', 'Tomography, Emission-Computed']
| 3,879,533
|
[['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D01.268.380.400.500.496', 'D01.496.448.496', 'D01.496.749.474'], ['A03.620'], ['C06.552'], ['E01.370.372.460'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['J01.897.280.500.545.129', 'L01.178.820.090.545.129'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.657.625.617'], ['E01.370.350.350.800', 'E01.370.350.600.350.800', 'E01.370.350.710.800', 'E01.370.350.825.800', 'E01.370.384.730.800']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
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