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Transcriptional regulation of the plastocyanin and cytochrome c553 genes from the cyanobacterium Anabaena species PCC 7937.
|
The effect of copper on the levels of plastocyanin (PC) and cytochrome c553 (cyt-c)-specific transcripts from Anabaena sp. PCC 7937 was investigated. The addition of copper resulted in a marked increase in PC mRNA levels, and a decrease in cyt c mRNA levels. Thus the functional exchange between PC and cyt c seems to be regulated at the mRNA level. The copper-dependent increase in PC and decrease in cyt c mRNA levels was abolished when chloramphenicol was added to the cells. This suggests that de novo synthesis of at least one trans-acting element is required to regulate PC and cyt c mRNA levels. Both PC and cyt c mRNA stability was found to be unaltered under varying Cu2+ regimes. This leads to the conclusion that expression of both genes is regulated at the level of initiation of transcription.
|
['Anabaena', 'Base Sequence', 'Chloramphenicol', 'Copper', 'Cytochrome c Group', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial', 'Kinetics', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Plastocyanin', 'Protein Biosynthesis', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Rifampin', 'Transcription, Genetic']
| 1,320,727
|
[['B03.280.100', 'B03.440.475.100.100', 'B03.585.051'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['D02.033.455.706.300', 'D02.455.426.559.389.565.175', 'D02.640.529.175'], ['D01.268.556.195', 'D01.268.956.170', 'D01.552.544.195'], ['D08.244.286', 'D12.776.422.220.286'], ['G05.308.300'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['D12.776.556.760', 'D12.776.765.680'], ['G02.111.660.871', 'G03.734.871', 'G05.297.670'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['D03.633.400.811.700', 'D04.345.295.750.700'], ['G02.111.873', 'G05.297.700']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
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| 0
|
In-office dental bleaching with light vs. without light: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
|
OBJECTIVE: A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed to answer the following research question: Does light-activated in-office vital bleaching have a greater whitening efficacy and higher tooth sensitivity (TS) in comparison with in-office vital bleaching without light when used in adults?DATA AND SOURCE: Only randomized clinical trials (RCTs) involving adults who had in-office bleaching with and without light activation were included. Controlled vocabulary and keywords were used in a comprehensive search for titles and abstracts in PubMed, and this search was adapted for Scopus, Web of Science, LILACS, BBO, Cochrane Library, and SIGLE without restrictions in May 2016 and was updated in August 2017. IADR abstracts (1990-2016), unpublished- and ongoing-trial registries, dissertations, and theses were also searched. The risk-of-bias tool of the Cochrane Collaboration was used for quality assessment. The quality of the evidence was rated using the Grading of Recommendations: Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach. Through the use of the random effects model, a meta-analysis with a subgroup analysis (low and high hydrogen peroxide concentration) was conducted for color change (ÄE*, ÄSGU) as well as the risk and intensity of TS.STUDY SELECTION: We retrieved 6663 articles, but after removing duplicates and non-relevant articles, only 21 RCTs remained. No significant difference in ÄE*, ÄSGU, and risk and intensity of TS was observed (p > .05). For ÄE and risk of TS, the quality of the evidence was graded as moderate whereas the evidence for ÄSGU and intensity of TS was graded as very low and low, respectively.CONCLUSION: Without considering variations in the protocols, the activation of in-office bleaching gel with light does not seem to improve color change or affect tooth sensitivity, regardless of the hydrogen peroxide concentration. (PROSPERO - CRD42016037630).CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Although it is commercially claimed that in-office bleaching associated with light improves and accelerates color change, this study did not confirm this belief for in-office bleaching gels with either high or low levels of hydrogen peroxide.
|
['Adult', 'Databases, Factual', 'Dental Offices', 'Dentin Sensitivity', 'Humans', 'Hydrogen Peroxide', 'Light', 'Tooth Bleaching', 'Tooth Bleaching Agents']
| 29,289,725
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['L01.313.500.750.300.188.400', 'L01.470.750.750'], ['N02.278.192.377'], ['C07.793.266'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D01.248.497.158.685.750.424', 'D01.339.431.374.424', 'D01.650.550.750.400', 'D02.389.338.253'], ['G01.358.500.505.650', 'G01.590.540', 'G01.750.250.650', 'G01.750.770.578'], ['E06.420.750'], ['D27.720.642.315.500']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
[Foreign bodies of the bladder. Report of a new case].
|
In this paper we are relating the medical history of 30 year-old female patient with psychiatric medical background. This patient introduced multiple foreign bodies in her bladder via the urethra. Throughout this observation, we analyse diagnosis and therapeutic aspects of bladder foreign bodies.
|
['Adult', 'Female', 'Foreign Bodies', 'Humans', 'Urinary Bladder']
| 11,496,598
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['C26.392'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A05.810.890']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
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Norms-based assessment of patient-reported outcomes associated with adalimumab monotherapy in patients with ankylosing spondylitis.
|
OBJECTIVES: To compare the impact of ankylosing spondylitis (AS) on health-related quality of life (HRQL) and of adalimumab on initial and sustained improvement in HRQL for patients with active AS versus the general US population.METHODS: Data from the 5-year ATLAS trial were analysed. HRQL burden of AS and treatment impact on HRQL were assessed by comparing health status and utility scores from ATLAS (Short Form 36 Health Survey [SF-36] and Health Utilities Index Mark 3 [HUI3]) with population norms.RESULTS: Baseline scores for all measures were comparable between adalimumab and placebo. All scores for both groups were significantly worse than general population norms (all p<0.0001). Within- and between-group improvements in SF-36 Physical Component Summary and SF-6D scores from baseline to Weeks 12 and 24 were clinically relevant for patients receiving adalimumab. For patients initially randomised to adalimumab, HRQL scores improved from Weeks 25 to 52 and remained relatively stable through 3 years but remained lower than for the general US population at all time points.CONCLUSIONS: Findings demonstrate a significant burden of AS on HRQL. Treatment with adalimumab significantly improved physical functioning and other measures of HRQL compared with placebo. Clinically relevant improvements in HRQL outcomes over 3 years represent a significant benefit of adalimumab. Because of the advanced AS disease, patient health status remained below that of the general population. Treatment earlier in the course of AS may be needed to restore HRQL to the level of the general population.
|
['Adalimumab', 'Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Anti-Inflammatory Agents', 'Antibodies, Monoclonal', 'Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized', 'Cost of Illness', 'Disability Evaluation', 'Double-Blind Method', 'Female', 'Health Status', 'Health Status Indicators', 'Health Surveys', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Quality of Life', 'Recovery of Function', 'Spondylitis, Ankylosing', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Time Factors', 'Treatment Outcome', 'United States', 'Young Adult']
| 21,813,060
|
[['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224.060.250', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224.060.250', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224.200.250'], ['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['D27.505.954.158'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224.060', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224.060', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224.200'], ['N03.219.151.165', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.182', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.046'], ['E01.370.400'], ['E05.318.370.300', 'E05.581.500.300', 'N05.715.360.325.320', 'N06.850.520.445.300'], ['I01.240.425', 'N01.224.425', 'N06.850.505.400.425'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475'], ['E05.318.308.980.438', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['I01.800', 'K01.752.400.750', 'N06.850.505.400.425.837'], ['G16.757'], ['C05.116.900.853.625.800.850', 'C05.550.069.680', 'C05.550.114.865.800.850'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['G01.910.857'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['Z01.107.567.875'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Clinical value of thymidine kinase and tissue polypeptide specific antigen in breast cancer.
|
Thymidine kinase (TK) and tissue polypeptide specific antigen (TPS) were determined in breast cancer (BC) patients (n = 83), normal healthy women (n = 30) and 18 women with different benign mastopathies. Mean serum levels of TK and TPS in BC patients showed significant increases from their corresponding levels in healthy women and those with benign breast diseases. Diagnostic sensitivity of TK and TPS was 47% and 58% respectively at the selected cut-off values 8 U/L for TK and 110 U/L for TPS (96% specificity). Pre-operative serum levels of TK and TPS showed significant correlation with the stage of disease and with other classical prognostic factors; clinical stage, tumour size, lymph node involvement and distant metastasis. Nineteen BC patients were followed-up by serial monthly measurements of TK and TPS (4-10 samples). Both markers seemed to be valuable in monitoring drug efficacy. TK and TPS were able to detect systemic recurrence before clinical diagnosis (average 2 months lead time). TPS was greatly affected by liver diseases.
|
['Biomarkers, Tumor', 'Bone Neoplasms', 'Breast Neoplasms', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Mastectomy, Radical', 'Peptides', 'Postoperative Period', 'Prognosis', 'Tamoxifen', 'Thymidine Kinase', 'Tissue Polypeptide Antigen']
| 8,112,021
|
[['D23.101.140'], ['C04.588.149', 'C05.116.231'], ['C04.588.180', 'C17.800.090.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E04.466.678'], ['D12.644'], ['E04.614.750', 'N02.421.585.753.750'], ['E01.789'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.150.700.900'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.750'], ['D12.644.875', 'D23.050.285.840', 'D23.101.140.880']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Detection systems for carbapenemase gene identification should include the SME serine carbapenemase.
|
Carbapenemase detection has become a major problem in hospitals that encounter outbreaks of infections caused by carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. Rapid detection systems have been reported using multiplex PCR analyses and DNA microarray assays. Major carbapenemases that are detected by these systems include the KPC and OXA serine carbapenemases, and the IMP, VIM and NDM families of metallo-â-lactamases. However, increasing numbers of the SME serine carbapenemase are being reported from Serratia marcescens, especially from North and South America. These organisms differ from many of the other carbapenemase-producing pathogens in that they are generally susceptible to the expanded-spectrum cephalosporins ceftazidime and cefepime while retaining resistance to almost all other â-lactam antibiotics. Thus, multiplex PCR assays or DNA microarray testing of carbapenem-resistant S. marcescens isolates should include analyses for production of the SME carbapenemase. Confirmation of the presence of this enzyme may provide reassurance that oxyimino-cephalosporins can be considered for treatment of infections caused by these carbapenem-resistant pathogens.
|
['Bacterial Proteins', 'Bacteriological Techniques', 'Humans', 'Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'North America', 'Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis', 'Serratia Infections', 'Serratia marcescens', 'South America', 'beta-Lactamases']
| 23,219,246
|
[['D12.776.097'], ['E01.370.225.875.150', 'E05.200.875.150'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.393.620.500.487'], ['Z01.107.567'], ['E05.393.661.640', 'E05.393.760.640', 'E05.588.570.660', 'E05.601.640'], ['C01.150.252.400.310.850'], ['B03.440.450.425.814.664', 'B03.660.250.150.720.500'], ['Z01.107.757'], ['D08.811.277.087.180']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
|
Cloning and expression of MRG receptors in macaque, mouse, and human.
|
Members of the MRG family of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) are expressed predominately in small diameter sensory neurons of the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) suggesting a possible role in nociception. However, the large expansion of this gene family in rodents, combined with the lack of strict rodent orthologs for many of the human MRG genes, limits the usefulness of rodent models to evaluate human MRG involvement in nociception. Furthermore, the high degree of similarity between related rodent Mrg genes suggests that pharmacological approaches to define the function of individual receptors will prove difficult. The creation of an animal model to examine human MRG function will, therefore, require the identification of human MRG orthologs in a non-rodent species. Here we report the identification of MRGD, MRGE, and several MRGX orthologs in the crab-eating macaque, Macaca fascicularis. Similar to their human counterparts, all isolated macaque genes were expressed in dorsal root ganglia neurons. In the case of macaque MrgX2 and MrgD, expression was co-localized with the known nociceptive neuronal markers, IB4, VR1, and SP. Although expression in DRG neurons was the prominent feature of this family, we also found that MrgE was expressed in numerous brain regions of macaque, mouse, and human.
|
['Animals', 'Blotting, Northern', 'Blotting, Southern', 'Brain', 'Cloning, Molecular', 'DNA, Complementary', 'Ganglia, Spinal', 'Gene Expression', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Glycoproteins', 'Humans', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'In Situ Hybridization', 'Macaca fascicularis', 'Mice', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Multigene Family', 'Neurons', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Receptors, Drug', 'Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Sequence Alignment', 'Species Specificity', 'Substance P', 'Transcription Factors']
| 15,710,235
|
[['B01.050'], ['E05.196.401.095', 'E05.301.300.074', 'E05.601.100'], ['E05.196.401.114', 'E05.301.300.087', 'E05.601.150'], ['A08.186.211'], ['E05.393.220'], ['D13.444.308.497.220', 'D13.444.600.223.500', 'D27.720.470.530.600.223.260'], ['A08.340.390.340', 'A08.800.350.340', 'A08.800.800.720.725.350'], ['G05.297'], ['G05.308'], ['D09.400.430', 'D12.776.395'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.670.325', 'E01.370.225.750.600.670.325', 'E05.200.500.620.670.325', 'E05.200.750.600.670.325', 'E05.393.661.475'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.199.120.510.520'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.645'], ['A08.675', 'A11.671'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['D12.776.827'], ['E05.393.620.500.725'], ['E05.393.751'], ['G16.824'], ['D12.644.276.812.900.866', 'D12.644.400.800.750', 'D12.644.456.800.866', 'D12.776.467.812.900.866', 'D12.776.631.650.800.750', 'D23.469.050.375.850.890', 'D23.529.812.900.866'], ['D12.776.930']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Disclosing special needs to parents. Have we got it right yet?
|
Parents' perceptions of how they were told that their child has special needs were examined. Thirty-nine families on the Isle of Wight completed a structured interview. Participants formed two groups. The first group comprised of 23 families who had a child aged from birth to 5 years with special needs. In the second group there were 16 families who had a child aged between 15 and 20 years with special needs. Parents were asked about their perceptions of how their child's special needs were disclosed, their satisfaction with how they were told and what improvements they would have liked. Differences between the two cohorts were examined, and changes in how services were perceived were investigated. Overall, parents in the group with younger children were more satisfied about the way in which they were told that their child had special needs than those with older children. Implications for service delivery and future research are considered.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Channel Islands', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Consumer Behavior', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Intellectual Disability', 'Learning Disabilities', 'Male', 'Parents', 'Truth Disclosure']
| 9,921,417
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['Z01.542.363.161'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['F01.145.236'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['C10.597.606.360', 'C23.888.592.604.646', 'F01.700.687', 'F03.625.539'], ['C10.597.606.150.550', 'C23.888.592.604.150.550', 'F03.625.562'], ['F01.829.263.500.320', 'I01.880.853.150.500.340', 'M01.620'], ['F01.829.401.046.800', 'I01.880.604.583.080.134.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
|
Quantitative aspects of calcium fluorimetry.
|
Ca(2+) indicator dyes by necessity are Ca(2+) chelators, because it is the binding of Ca(2+) to dye molecules that induces the change in fluorescence on which the Ca(2+) signal is based. As chelators, once introduced into a cell, they contribute to cellular Ca(2+) buffering. It has been a question of much debate to what extent this added Ca(2+) buffer (exogenous Ca(2+) buffer) changes Ca(2+) homeostasis and the signals of interest. I discuss this problem here, emphasizing the distinction between the influence of the dyes on amplitudes (which may be not so severe) and on the dynamics of Ca(2+) signals (which may be drastic). Once the Ca(2+)-buffering action of dyes relative to intrinsic Ca(2+) buffers is understood for a given preparation, Ca(2+) dyes can be used as very versatile tools for studying both Ca(2+) concentrations and Ca(2+) fluxes. I describe in detail some of my own experiences in calibrating the indicator dye Fura-2. These refer exclusively to experiments in which the dye is loaded into the cell via a patch pipette because acetoxymethyl ester loading introduces problems that very often prohibit precise quantitative conclusions.
|
['Buffers', 'Calcium', 'Chelating Agents', 'Cytological Techniques', 'Fluorometry', 'Fura-2', 'Staining and Labeling']
| 24,086,061
|
[['D27.720.470.280'], ['D01.268.552.100', 'D01.552.539.288', 'D23.119.100'], ['D27.505.519.914.500', 'D27.720.832.500'], ['E01.370.225.500', 'E05.200.500', 'E05.242'], ['E05.196.712.516.600'], ['D03.383.129.462.285', 'D03.633.100.127.250'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.670', 'E01.370.225.750.600.670', 'E05.200.500.620.670', 'E05.200.750.600.670']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The preparticipation physical examination history: who has the correct answers?
|
OBJECTIVE: To examine whether discrepancies exist between information given by parents and student athletes during the annual preparticipation physical examination (PPE) for athletics, and if present, whether the discrepancies occurred in areas of clinical significance to sports medicine and clearance for participation.DESIGN: Survey.SETTING: Station-based PPEs for area high school student athletes were performed using the form developed by the Preparticipation Physical Evaluation Task Force (PPETF).PARTICIPANTS: High school student athletes and their parents or guardians.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The discrepancy rate (and associated clinical areas of those discrepancies) for information given by parent-student pairs completing a standard historical section of a PPE.RESULTS: Of the high school student athletes who participated in the station-based PPE, 111 (34%) participated in this study. These student athletes completed the PPE form (14 sections with a total of 38 specific questions) independently during an initial session, and then were given an identical PPE form that was completed with the assistance of a parent or legal guardian. Of the 111 parent-student pairs, only 22 (19.8%) histories were in complete agreement. Several questions had very poor agreement, as indicated by a kappa value < or = 0.4. Taken together, 4 of the 14 historical information sections found on the PPE (cardiovascular, neurologic, musculoskeletal, and questions pertaining to weight) accounted for 59% of all discrepancies. Answers to individual questions did not differ significantly between parents and students when analyzed together and then by gender and age. Interestingly, students answered significantly more questions in an affirmative manner than did their parents.CONCLUSION: Using the form developed by the PPETF, parents and student athletes may not provide reliable historical information on which to base participation decisions. In particular, unreliable information may be obtained regarding cardiovascular and musculoskeletal issues, areas that are related to the mortality and morbidity associated with athletic activity.
|
['Adolescent', 'Athletic Injuries', 'Data Collection', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Medical History Taking', 'Parents', 'Physical Examination', 'School Health Services', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'South Carolina', 'Sports', 'Students', 'Surveys and Questionnaires']
| 10,512,339
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['C26.115'], ['E05.318.308', 'L01.399.250', 'N05.715.360.300', 'N06.850.520.308'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.510'], ['F01.829.263.500.320', 'I01.880.853.150.500.340', 'M01.620'], ['E01.370.600'], ['N02.421.726.809'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['Z01.107.567.875.075.662', 'Z01.107.567.875.750.700'], ['I03.450.642.845'], ['M01.848'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Cerebral vascular adaptation to pregnancy and its role in the neurological complications of eclampsia.
|
The cerebral circulation has a central role in mediating the neurological complications of eclampsia, yet our understanding of how pregnancy and preeclampsia affect this circulation is severely limited. Here, we show that pregnancy causes outward remodeling of penetrating arterioles and increased capillary density in the brain due to activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-ã (PPARã), a transcription factor involved in cerebrovascular remodeling and highly activated in pregnancy. Pregnancy-induced PPARã activation also significantly affected cerebral hemodynamics, decreasing vascular resistance and increasing cerebral blood flow by ?40% in response to acute hypertension that caused breakthrough of autoregulation. These structural and hemodynamic changes in the brain during pregnancy were associated with substantially increased blood-brain barrier permeability, an effect that could promote passage of damaging proteins into the brain and cause the neurological complications of eclampsia, including seizure.
|
['Animals', 'Blood Flow Velocity', 'Cerebral Arteries', 'Cerebrovascular Circulation', 'Cerebrovascular Disorders', 'Eclampsia', 'Female', 'Nervous System Diseases', 'Pre-Eclampsia', 'Pregnancy', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Vascular Resistance']
| 21,071,591
|
[['B01.050'], ['E01.370.370.130', 'G09.330.380.630.080'], ['A07.015.114.228'], ['G09.330.100.159'], ['C10.228.140.300', 'C14.907.253'], ['C13.703.395.124'], ['C10'], ['C13.703.395.249'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['G09.330.380.921']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Decolorization and biodegradation of Reactive Blue 13 by Proteus mirabilis LAG.
|
The decolorization and biodegradation of Reactive Blue 13 (RB13), a sulphonated reactive azo dye, was achieved under static anoxic condition with a bacterial strain identified as Proteus mirabilis LAG, which was isolated from a municipal dump site soil near Lagos, Nigeria. This strain decolorized RB13 (100mg/l) within 5h. The formation of aromatic amine prior to mineralization was supported by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR), which revealed the disappearance of certain peaks, particularly those of the aromatic C-H bending at 600-800 cm(-1). Gas chromatography-mass spectrophotometry (GCMS) analysis of the dye metabolite showed the presence of sodium-2(2-formyl-2-hydroxyvinyl) benzoate, with a tropylium cation as its base peak, this suggested the breakage of naphthalene rings in RB13. The detection of azoreductase and laccase activities suggested the enzymatic reduction of azo bonds prior to mineralization. In addition, phytotoxicity studies indicated the detoxification of RB13 to non-toxic degradation products by this strain of P. mirabilis LAG.
|
['Biodegradation, Environmental', 'Color', 'Coloring Agents', 'Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry', 'Proteus mirabilis']
| 20,832,936
|
[['N06.230.080.600.500', 'N06.850.460.375.500'], ['G01.590.540.199'], ['D27.720.233'], ['E05.196.181.349.500', 'E05.196.566.500'], ['B03.440.450.425.600.501', 'B03.660.250.150.590.500']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
A facilitatory effect on the induction of long-term potentiation in vivo by chronic administration of antisense oligodeoxynucleotides against catalytic subunits of calcineurin.
|
A rise in Ca2+ concentration at postsynaptic sites provides an initial step in inducing both the long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD) in the CA1 region of the hippocampus. LTP induction requires the activation of Ca(2+)-sensitive protein kinases following the rise in Ca2+. By contrast, the activity of protein phosphatase(s) appears to be critical to induce LTD. Here we demonstrate that inhibition of the synthesis of calcineurin A alpha and A beta, catalytic subunits of Ca2+/calmodulin- (CaM) dependent protein phosphatase, reduces the threshold of induction for commissural-CA1 LTP in anesthetized rats. In rats administered antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) against calcineurin A alpha and A beta intraventricularly for 7 days, a brief tetanic stimulation to the CA3 region, which in the control case was below threshold for the induction of LTP, now produced a long-lasting increase in both the EPSP slope and the amplitude of population spike recorded from the commissural-CA1 pathway. Western blot analysis of calcineurin showed that the threshold reduction was accompanied by a selective decrease in the protein levels in the hippocampus. Thus our study provides direct evidence that calcineurin per se has an antagonizing role in LTP induction. Complementary experiments with the selective calcineurin inhibitor, FK506, also showed the reduction of LTP threshold in a dose-dependent manner. These results, together with previous studies, support the hypothesis that the quantitative phosphorylation level of critical intracellular proteins determines whether the synaptic efficacy will increase or decrease after the activity-dependent rise in postsynaptic Ca2+.
|
['Animals', 'Binding Sites', 'Calcineurin', 'Calcium', 'Calmodulin', 'Calmodulin-Binding Proteins', 'Hippocampus', 'Long-Term Potentiation', 'Male', 'Nerve Tissue Proteins', 'Oligonucleotides, Antisense', 'Phosphoprotein Phosphatases', 'Phosphorylation', 'Protein Processing, Post-Translational', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Tacrolimus']
| 8,883,951
|
[['B01.050'], ['G02.111.570.120'], ['D08.811.277.352.650.625.150', 'D12.644.360.087', 'D12.776.476.087'], ['D01.268.552.100', 'D01.552.539.288', 'D23.119.100'], ['D12.644.360.372.249', 'D12.776.157.125.412.249', 'D12.776.476.387.249'], ['D12.776.157.142'], ['A08.186.211.180.405', 'A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.345'], ['G11.561.638.350'], ['D12.776.631'], ['D13.150.480', 'D13.444.600.150.640', 'D13.695.578.424.480', 'D27.720.470.530.600.150.640'], ['D08.811.277.352.650.625'], ['G02.111.665', 'G02.607.780', 'G03.796'], ['G02.111.660.871.790.600', 'G02.111.691.600', 'G03.734.871.790.600', 'G05.308.670.600'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900'], ['D02.540.505.810']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Genetic recombination between malignant hyperthermia and calcium release channel in skeletal muscle.
|
Absolute linkage between the gene, on chromosome 19, for the calcium release channel (CRC) of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in skeletal muscle and malignant hyperthermia (MH) has been reported by other workers. In the present study of three Swedish Families informative with respect to this linkage relationship, definite recombinants were found in two families. We conclude that mutations in other genes than the CRC gene can cause the clinical picture of MH. Accordingly, MH appears to be genetically heterogeneous.
|
['Alleles', 'Calcium Channels', 'Chromosomes, Human, Pair 19', 'Female', 'Genetic Linkage', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Malignant Hyperthermia', 'Muscles', 'Pedigree', 'Phenotype', 'Recombination, Genetic']
| 1,318,804
|
[['G05.360.340.024.340.030'], ['D12.776.157.530.400.150', 'D12.776.543.550.450.150', 'D12.776.543.585.400.150'], ['A11.284.187.520.300.460.465', 'G05.360.162.520.300.460.465'], ['G05.348'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C23.550.505.700', 'C23.550.767.600'], ['A02.633', 'A10.690'], ['E05.393.673'], ['G05.695'], ['G05.728']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Differentiated expression of membrane type metalloproteinases (MMP-14, MMP-15) and pro-MMP2 in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. A novel mechanism.
|
Cancer progression involves multiple proteolytic interactions, with metalloproteinases (MMPs) performing a crucial role. MMP-2, a major MMP, plays a key role in the degradation of basement membranes. Mechanisms underlying MMP-2 activation had to be investigated. Membrane-type matrix metalloproteinases are not only responsible for the regulation of extracellular matrix remodeling, but also involved in the activation of several inactive MMPs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of pro-MMP2, MMP-14, and MMP-15 in tumor cells and tumor stroma. Immunohistochemical studies were performed on paraffin-embedded tissue sections including laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). We found the expression of pro-MMP2 in 58% of cases, MMP-14 in 78%, and MMP-15 in 98% of cases of SCC. In all tumor cases, we revealed a higher expression of pro-MMP2 in tumor stoma than in tumor cells. The expression of MMP-14 and MMP-15 was higher in tumor cells than in the stroma. Moreover, we found a statistically significant difference between the expression of MMP-14 and MMP-15 in the tumor in comparison with the surrounding stroma (P < 0.05). An analysis of expression levels of MT-MMPs by classification trees showed that the probability of metastases was related to decreased expression of MMP-14 and increased expression of MMP-15. Our results may suggest that tumor cells with low MMP-14 expression invade tumor stroma and form metastases. Probably, in such cases, tumor progression is stimulated by MMP-15 in an MMP-14 independent pathway, a novel (alternative) mechanism.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Carcinoma, Squamous Cell', 'Cell Membrane', 'Cytoplasm', 'Disease Progression', 'Enzyme Precursors', 'Epithelium', 'Female', 'Gelatinases', 'Humans', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Laryngeal Mucosa', 'Laryngeal Neoplasms', 'Lymphatic Metastasis', 'Male', 'Matrix Metalloproteinase 14', 'Matrix Metalloproteinase 15', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasm Invasiveness', 'Neoplasm Staging']
| 22,998,427
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C04.557.470.200.400', 'C04.557.470.700.400'], ['A11.284.149'], ['A11.284.430.214'], ['C23.550.291.656'], ['D08.622', 'D12.776.811.243'], ['A10.272'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.480.252', 'D08.811.277.656.675.374.252'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['A04.329.597', 'A04.760.520', 'A10.615.550.760.520'], ['C04.588.443.665.481', 'C08.360.369', 'C08.785.481', 'C09.400.369', 'C09.647.481'], ['C04.697.650.560', 'C23.550.727.650.560'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.480.525.300.500', 'D08.811.277.656.675.374.525.300.500'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.480.525.300.550', 'D08.811.277.656.675.374.525.300.625'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04.697.645', 'C23.550.727.645'], ['E01.789.625']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
[Scedosporium apiospermum disseminated infection in a single lung transplant recipient].
|
BACKGROUND: Scedosporium spp. are filamentous fungi, and the 2 most important species are Scedosporium prolificans and Scedosporium apiospermum. S. apiospermum accounts for approximately 25% of non-Aspergillus filamentous fungi infections in organ transplant recipients. Scedosporium can colonize the sinuses and airways of lung recipients with underlying pulmonary diseases, such as bronchiectasis or cystic fibrosis before transplant, and develop invasive disease after lung transplantation. In fact, invasive diseases caused by S. apiospermum have been reported only rarely, in single lung transplant recipients and cystic fibrosis transplant patients. The treatment of scedosporiasis is complicated due to the difficulty in early diagnosis together with inherent resistance to amphotericin B.CASE REPORT: A case of disseminated S. apiospermum infection after single lung transplant in a patient with pulmonary fibrosis is reported. Leg mycetoma was the initial sign of this disseminated infection. In this case report, current treatment options are discussed, and a review of the literature of previously published cases of lung transplants is made.CONCLUSIONS: One conclusion based on this case is the risk of emergent molds related to antifungal prophylaxis. In addition, colonization by Scedosporium in transplant recipients should not be ignored, and target prophylaxis or suppressive therapy should be considered in all those cases with residual lesions in native lung or chronic rejection in transplanted lungs.
|
['Amphotericin B', 'Antifungal Agents', 'Candidiasis', 'Combined Modality Therapy', 'Cross Infection', 'Debridement', 'Deoxycholic Acid', 'Drug Combinations', 'Fatal Outcome', 'Fungemia', 'Graft Rejection', 'Humans', 'Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis', 'Immunocompromised Host', 'Immunosuppressive Agents', 'Itraconazole', 'Ketoconazole', 'Lung Transplantation', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Mycetoma', 'Opportunistic Infections', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Scedosporium']
| 21,700,235
|
[['D02.540.576.500.500'], ['D27.505.954.122.136'], ['C01.150.703.160'], ['E02.186'], ['C01.248', 'C23.550.291.875.500'], ['E04.176'], ['D04.210.500.105.225.272', 'D04.210.500.221.430.342'], ['D26.310'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.325', 'N01.224.935.698.201', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.325', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.325'], ['C01.150.703.492.594', 'C01.757.360', 'C23.550.470.790.500.360'], ['G12.875.545.328'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C08.381.765.500'], ['G12.470'], ['D27.505.696.477.656'], ['D03.383.129.799.550', 'D03.383.606.530'], ['D03.383.606.560'], ['E04.928.600.495', 'E04.936.450.495'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C01.150.252.410.040.692.500', 'C01.150.252.819.557', 'C01.150.703.302.500', 'C01.800.200.500', 'C01.800.720.557', 'C17.800.838.208.557', 'C17.800.838.765.557'], ['C01.597', 'C01.610.684', 'C01.925.597'], ['C23.550.767'], ['B01.300.107.796', 'B01.300.381.785']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Impact of gender on access to the renal transplant waiting list for pediatric and adult patients.
|
While the public and policy-makers place a priority on equity in the organ allocation process, several studies suggest that women may be less likely than men to receive a renal transplant. However, the cause of this disparity and whether it exists among children with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) are unknown. To address these issues, two nationally representative cohorts of incident patients were examined: (1) 7594 adults with ESRD onset between 1986 and 1993 for whom detailed data were available from the medical record on health status; and (2) 3217 patients <20 yr old who developed ESRD between 1988 and 1993. Patients were followed from initiation of dialysis for up to 10 yr until first activation on the United Network of Organ Sharing renal transplant waiting list. Access to the list for female and male patients with ESRD was compared using Cox proportional hazards models with adjustment for demographic, socioeconomic, and clinical factors. Crude rates of wait-listing per 100 person-years of ESRD were lower for female patients than male patients in both the pediatric (28.89 versus 34.18) and adult (3.94 versus 6.54) populations. Despite adjustment for numerous confounding factors, this gender-based disparity persisted in multivariate analysis. Among children with ESRD, female patients were 14% less likely to be listed than male patients (relative hazard [RH] 0.86; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.78 to 0.93), and in the adult group, women were 18% less likely to be activated for transplant than men (RH 0.82; 95% CI, 0.72 to 0.93). These findings suggest that female patients of all ages with ESRD face barriers in being activated for cadaveric renal transplantation. Greater attention to this issue is necessary to improve equity in the organ allocation system and potentially improve the outcomes of female patients with ESRD.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Chi-Square Distribution', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Cohort Studies', 'Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic', 'Female', 'Health Services Accessibility', 'Humans', 'Kidney Failure, Chronic', 'Kidney Transplantation', 'Longitudinal Studies', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Proportional Hazards Models', 'Sex Factors', 'Socioeconomic Factors', 'United States', 'Waiting Lists']
| 10,770,976
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E05.318.740.994.300', 'G17.820.300', 'N05.715.360.750.750.200', 'N06.850.520.830.994.300'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['N05.715.350.240', 'N06.850.490.718'], ['N04.590.374.350', 'N05.300.430'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C12.777.419.780.750.500', 'C13.351.968.419.780.750.500'], ['E02.870.500', 'E04.936.450.485', 'E04.950.774.400'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.740.500.700', 'E05.318.740.600.700', 'E05.318.740.750.725', 'E05.318.740.998.825', 'E05.599.835.900', 'N05.715.360.750.530.650', 'N05.715.360.750.625.650', 'N05.715.360.750.695.650', 'N05.715.360.750.795.825', 'N06.850.520.830.500.700', 'N06.850.520.830.600.700', 'N06.850.520.830.750.725', 'N06.850.520.830.998.912'], ['N05.715.350.675', 'N06.850.490.875'], ['I01.880.853.996', 'N01.824'], ['Z01.107.567.875'], ['N04.452.095.738']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Mycobacterium marinum infection.
|
A 64-year-old man presented for evaluation of tender pustules that developed on his right hand and subsequently spread up his arms in a sporotrichoid manner. Owing to the prominent history of recent trauma followed by fish tank exposure, the patient was started on doxycycline for coverage of Mycobacterium marinum. Subsequent tissue culture grew M. marinum and confirmed the clinical diagnosis. M. marinum is an atypical mycobacteria that is ubiquitously found in aquatic environments. Owing to its optimal growth temperature of 25 to 35 degrees C, infections in humans are mostly restricted to the skin. Furthermore, the organism can spread by lymphatic drainage leading to the clinical appearance of sporotrichoid lesions. The preferred treatment for M. marinum is doxycycline, which was started in our patient and has subsequently improved his clinical condition.
|
['Animals', 'Doxycycline', 'Fishes', 'Hand Dermatoses', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous', 'Mycobacterium marinum', 'Thumb', 'Water Microbiology', 'Wound Infection']
| 19,061,606
|
[['B01.050'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.562.900.200', 'D04.615.562.900.200'], ['B01.050.150.900.493'], ['C17.800.338'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C01.150.252.410.040.552.475'], ['B03.510.024.962.500.720.500', 'B03.510.460.400.410.552.552.720.500'], ['A01.378.800.667.430.705'], ['H01.158.273.540.274.777', 'N06.850.425.450'], ['C01.947']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Efficient error correction for next-generation sequencing of viral amplicons.
|
BACKGROUND: Next-generation sequencing allows the analysis of an unprecedented number of viral sequence variants from infected patients, presenting a novel opportunity for understanding virus evolution, drug resistance and immune escape. However, sequencing in bulk is error prone. Thus, the generated data require error identification and correction. Most error-correction methods to date are not optimized for amplicon analysis and assume that the error rate is randomly distributed. Recent quality assessment of amplicon sequences obtained using 454-sequencing showed that the error rate is strongly linked to the presence and size of homopolymers, position in the sequence and length of the amplicon. All these parameters are strongly sequence specific and should be incorporated into the calibration of error-correction algorithms designed for amplicon sequencing.RESULTS: In this paper, we present two new efficient error correction algorithms optimized for viral amplicons: (i) k-mer-based error correction (KEC) and (ii) empirical frequency threshold (ET). Both were compared to a previously published clustering algorithm (SHORAH), in order to evaluate their relative performance on 24 experimental datasets obtained by 454-sequencing of amplicons with known sequences. All three algorithms show similar accuracy in finding true haplotypes. However, KEC and ET were significantly more efficient than SHORAH in removing false haplotypes and estimating the frequency of true ones.CONCLUSIONS: Both algorithms, KEC and ET, are highly suitable for rapid recovery of error-free haplotypes obtained by 454-sequencing of amplicons from heterogeneous viruses.The implementations of the algorithms and data sets used for their testing are available at: http://alan.cs.gsu.edu/NGS/?q=content/pyrosequencing-error-correction-algorithm.
|
['Algorithms', 'Cluster Analysis', 'Computational Biology', 'DNA, Viral', 'Haplotypes', 'Sequence Analysis, DNA', 'Viruses']
| 22,759,430
|
[['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['E05.318.740.250', 'N05.715.360.750.200', 'N06.850.520.830.250'], ['H01.158.273.180', 'L01.313.124'], ['D13.444.308.568'], ['G05.380.360'], ['E05.393.760.700'], ['B04']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
The Bifidobacterium longum NCIMB 702259T ctr gene codes for a novel cholate transporter.
|
Preexposure of Bifidobacterium longum NCIMB 702259T to cholate caused increased resistance to cholate, chloramphenicol, and erythromycin. The B. longum ctr gene, encoding a cholate efflux transporter, was transformed into the efflux-negative mutant Escherichia coli KAM3, conferring resistance to bile salts and other antimicrobial compounds and causing the efflux of [14C]cholate.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Anti-Bacterial Agents', 'Bacterial Proteins', 'Bifidobacterium', 'Bile Acids and Salts', 'Carbon Radioisotopes', 'Chloramphenicol', 'Cholates', 'Drug Resistance, Bacterial', 'Erythromycin', 'Membrane Transport Proteins', 'Microbial Sensitivity Tests', 'Molecular Sequence Data']
| 16,391,136
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['D27.505.954.122.085'], ['D12.776.097'], ['B03.510.024.100', 'B03.510.460.400.400.049.100'], ['D04.210.500.105'], ['D01.268.150.075.328', 'D01.496.123.328', 'D01.496.749.154'], ['D02.033.455.706.300', 'D02.455.426.559.389.565.175', 'D02.640.529.175'], ['D04.210.500.105.225.130.330', 'D04.210.500.221.430.130.330'], ['G06.099.225', 'G06.225.347', 'G07.690.773.984.269.347'], ['D02.540.576.500.992'], ['D12.776.157.530', 'D12.776.543.585'], ['E01.370.225.875.595', 'E05.200.875.595', 'E05.337.550.400'], ['L01.453.245.667']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Heimlich valve treatment of Pneumocystis carinii-associated pneumothorax.
|
Two patients were treated for AIDS-associated bilateral pneumothoraces which persisted despite prolonged chest tube drainage. Heimlich flutter valves were used to facilitate the outpatient management of these patients.
|
['Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome', 'Adult', 'Chest Tubes', 'Drainage', 'Humans', 'Lung', 'Male', 'Pneumonia, Pneumocystis', 'Pneumothorax', 'Radiography']
| 2,060,370
|
[['C01.221.250.875.040', 'C01.221.812.640.400.040', 'C01.778.640.400.040', 'C01.925.782.815.616.400.040', 'C01.925.813.400.040', 'C01.925.839.040', 'C20.673.480.040'], ['M01.060.116'], ['E07.858.150'], ['E02.309', 'E04.237'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A04.411'], ['C01.150.703.534.700', 'C01.150.703.770.700', 'C01.748.435.700', 'C01.748.610.675', 'C08.381.472.700', 'C08.381.677.675', 'C08.730.435.700', 'C08.730.610.675'], ['C08.528.778'], ['E01.370.350.700']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Genetic profiling of the Azores Islands (Portugal): data from 10 X-chromosome STRs.
|
The populations from the Azores islands have been the target of several genetic studies, using data derived from monoparental and recombining genetic systems. These studies have provided a complex picture of the genetic landscape of the three groups of Azorean islands, and further data are required to assess its genetic profile. We present a study of the polymorphism in 10 X-chromosome STR loci (DSXS8378, DXS9898, DXS7133, GATA31E08, GATA172D05, DXS7423, DXS6809, DXS7132, DXS9902, DXS6789) conducted on a total of 304 chromosomes (97 females and 110 males) of unrelated individuals with Azorean ancestry. Average gene diversity was 74.47%, ranging from 66.21% (DXS7133) to 81.19% (GATA172D05). No shared haplotypes were found. Genotype frequencies among females displayed conformity with Hardy-Weinberg expectations for all loci. Pairwise linkage disequilibrium tests did not reveal evidences of association between the studied markers. Significant differences in allelic frequencies between the Western and the Eastern group of islands are in agreement with previous results from mitochondrial DNA and Y chromosome studies, providing further evidence that the Azores cannot be considered an homogeneous population. Moreover, differences between the Western group and the North of Portugal are also reported, supporting the pertinence of a specific database for the Azores populations, on what concerns the genetic markers analyzed.
|
['Azores', 'Chromosomes, Human, X', 'Female', 'Gene Frequency', 'Genetic Loci', 'Genetic Markers', 'Haplotypes', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Polymorphism, Genetic', 'Population', 'Portugal']
| 19,593,741
|
[['Z01.639.040.218'], ['A11.284.187.520.300.325.680', 'A11.284.187.865.982.500', 'G05.360.162.520.300.325.680', 'G05.360.162.865.982.500'], ['G05.330'], ['G05.360.340.024.380'], ['D23.101.387', 'G05.695.450'], ['G05.380.360'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G05.365.795'], ['N01.600'], ['Z01.542.727']]
|
['Geographicals [Z]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Effects of the submarine environment on renal-stone risk factors and vitamin D metabolism.
|
The effects of total sunlight deprivation on urinary risk factors for nephrolithiasis and vitamin D metabolism were studied in 20 healthy male subjects. Blood and 24-h urine samples were collected before submarine deployment and 68 days later while still at sea. No subject received sunlight exposure during the test interval. Significant decreases in daily urinary excretion of calcium, uric acid, sodium, sulfate, and phosphorus were found. The relative supersaturation ratio of monosodium urate also fell. There was no change in urinary citrate or urine volume. Mean serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] declined from 31 to 19 pg/ml (P < 0.0001), parathyroid hormone increased from 22 to 30 pg/ml (P < 0.0001), and osteocalcin (GLA) increased from 2.7 to 3.3 ng/ml (P = 0.005). Mean serum levels of 1,25 dihydroxy-vitamin D were unchanged. Four subjects had 25(OH)D levels below 10 ng/ml by the end of the submarine patrol. These findings suggest that exposure to the submarine environment produces physiologic changes that decrease the risk for renal stone formation. The data are consistent with the role of vitamin D metabolism in sunlight deprivation and demonstrate that compensatory mechanisms are well established within 68 days.
|
['Adult', 'Creatinine', 'Diving', 'Humans', 'Kidney Calculi', 'Male', 'Parathyroid Hormone', 'Phosphorus', 'Risk Factors', 'Sodium', 'Sulfates', 'Vitamin D']
| 7,633,276
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D03.383.129.308.207'], ['I03.450.642.845.945.500.110', 'N06.230.150.150'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C12.777.419.600.500', 'C12.777.967.249.500', 'C12.777.967.500.503', 'C13.351.968.419.600.500', 'C13.351.968.967.249.500', 'C13.351.968.967.500.503', 'C23.300.175.850.550'], ['D06.472.699.590', 'D12.644.548.587'], ['D01.268.666'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['D01.268.549.750', 'D01.268.557.650', 'D01.552.528.850', 'D01.552.547.725'], ['D01.248.497.158.845', 'D01.875.800.800.850'], ['D04.210.500.812.768']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Blockade of cardiac Na+ channels by a charged class I antiarrhythmic agent, bisaramil: possible interaction of the drug with a pre-open closed state.
|
The mechanism of cardiac Na+ channel block by a charged class I antiarrhythmic agent, bisaramil, was studied in guinea-pig ventricular myocytes using patch-clamp techniques of whole-cell, cell-attached and inside-out configurations. Bath application of bisaramil caused the use-dependent block of whole cell Na+ current (INa) in a concentration-dependent manner and EC30 value was 2.0 microM. At 5 microM bisaramil, the degree of the use-dependent block of INa with a short (5 ms) pulse protocol (44.9 +/- 5.7% of the first pulse INa) was comparable to that with a long (200 ms) pulse protocol (42.8 +/- 5.9%). In cell-attached patches, bisaramil applied to the bath solution (external application) concentration dependently blocked macropatch Na+ currents (50.3 +/- 3.1% inhibition with 10 microM bisaramil). Internal application of bisaramil decreased the inside-out macropatch currents (82.6 +/- 1.3% inhibition with 10 microM bisaramil). Blocking effects of bisaramil applied to the bath solution were greater than those seen on the pipette application in all of the whole-cell, cell-attached and inside-out configurations. In cell-attached patches containing a single active channel, bath application of 10 microM bisaramil increased the null sweeps with a significant (P < 0.001) nonrandom clustering and decreased the total number of openings, whereas no changes in the number of openings per active sweep, unitary current amplitude, mean open time and mean closed time were observed. While the peak average current was decreased by 51.0 +/- 5.6% with 10 microM bisaramil, the number of active sweeps was decreased by 31.4 +/- 6.2%. In the presence of 10 microM bisaramil, the mean values of first latencies were significantly (P < 0.05) increased and the peak value of the first latency density function was decreased by 15.8 +/- 3.6%. From these results, we conclude that a charged tertiary amine, bisaramil interacts with cardiac Na+ channels preferentially in the activated state. Interactions with pre-open closed states might contribute to the activated channel block by the drug.
|
['Animals', 'Anti-Arrhythmia Agents', 'Binding Sites', 'Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic', 'Chlorobenzenes', 'Guinea Pigs', 'Heart', 'Kinetics', 'Myocardium', 'Sodium Channel Blockers', 'Sodium Channels']
| 8,894,603
|
[['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.411.097'], ['G02.111.570.120'], ['D03.605.084'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.261', 'D02.455.526.439.202'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.550'], ['A07.541'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['A02.633.580', 'A07.541.704', 'A10.690.552.750'], ['D27.505.519.562.750', 'D27.505.954.411.720'], ['D12.776.157.530.400.875', 'D12.776.543.550.450.875', 'D12.776.543.585.400.875']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Relationships of fear, anxiety, and depression with physical function in patients with knee osteoarthritis.
|
OBJECTIVES: To explore whether the psychologic variables anxiety, depression, and fear-avoidance beliefs, and interactions between these variables, are associated with physical function in patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA). We hypothesized lower levels of function would be related to higher anxiety, higher depression, and higher fear-avoidance beliefs, and that high levels of 2 of these factors simultaneously might interact to have a greater adverse effect on physical function.DESIGN: Cross-sectional, correlational design.SETTING: Institutional practice.PARTICIPANTS: Subjects included patients with knee OA (N=182; age, mean +/- SD, 63.9+/-8.8y; 122 women).INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Self-report measures of function included the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities (WOMAC) Osteoarthritis Index, the Lower Extremity Function Scale (LEFS), and the Knee Outcome Survey-Activity of Daily Living Scale. The Get Up and Go test was used as a physical performance measure of function. Self-report measures for psychologic variables included the Beck Anxiety Inventory, the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale, and the Fear Avoidance Belief Questionnaire-Physical Activity Scale modified for the knee.RESULTS: Higher anxiety was related to poorer function on the WOMAC physical function. Both high anxiety and fear-avoidance beliefs were related to poorer function on the LEFS and Knee Outcome Survey-Activity of Daily Living Scale. There was no association between the psychologic variables and the Get Up and Go test. The anxiety x depression interaction was associated with the LEFS.CONCLUSIONS: Anxiety and fear-avoidance beliefs are associated with self-report measures of function in patients with knee OA. Depression may influence scores on the LEFS under conditions of low anxiety.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Anxiety', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Depression', 'Disability Evaluation', 'Fear', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Linear Models', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Osteoarthritis, Knee', 'Psychiatric Status Rating Scales']
| 19,887,210
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['F01.470.132'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['F01.145.126.350'], ['E01.370.400'], ['F01.470.361'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.740.500.500', 'E05.318.740.750.425', 'E05.599.835.750', 'N05.715.360.750.530.460', 'N05.715.360.750.695.460', 'N06.850.520.830.500.500', 'N06.850.520.830.750.425'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C05.550.114.606.500', 'C05.799.613.500'], ['F04.711.513.653']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Results of penetrating keratoplasty for pseudophakic bullous keratopathy with the exchange of an intraocular lens.
|
We report on 29 consecutive patients with pseudophakic bullous keratopathy who underwent in one eye penetrating keratoplasty with an exchange of the original intraocular lens for a Pearce tripod posterior chamber lens, and who were available for a follow up of at least 12 months. The average interval between cataract extraction with lens implantation and the appearance of bullous keratopathy was five and a half years (range 10 months to 16 years). The mean follow-up period after penetrating keratoplasty was 36 months (range 12 to 56 months). The corneal graft remained clear in 22 (76%) eyes. One year after the operation 45% of the eyes had a vision of 20/40 or better, and 20% had visual acuities between 20/40 and 20/100. The remaining 31% had a vision of 20/100 or less (one unknown). Nine eyes (31%) had cystoid macular oedema or macular degeneration. 45% of the eyes had a refraction within approximately 2 dioptres of emmetropia. In patients with pseudophakic corneal oedema we continue to exchange the intraocular lens by a Pearce tripod posterior chamber lens sutured to the iris when it is necessary to remove the lens.
|
['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Cataract Extraction', 'Corneal Diseases', 'Corneal Edema', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Keratoplasty, Penetrating', 'Lenses, Intraocular', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Visual Acuity']
| 2,804,025
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['E04.540.825.249'], ['C11.204'], ['C11.204.267'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.095.147.725.225.350', 'E04.540.825.374.350', 'E04.936.580.225.350'], ['E07.632.500.460', 'E07.695.460'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C23.550.767'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E01.370.380.850.950', 'F02.463.593.932.901', 'G14.940']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Turnover of apoE in normal and hypercholesterolemic rats.
|
The turnover of apoE in the total lipoprotein fraction (p less than 1.21 g/ml) of normolipemic and hypercholesterolemic rats was compared. The specific activity of 125I-labelled apoE in the lipoproteins was determined after isolation of the apoprotein by immunoaffinity chromatography. The serum apoE decay curves showed rapid first and slower second phases. The first phase of the curve of hypercholesterolemic animals suggests some sequestration of the apoprotein. The half-lives of apoE in the second phase were approximately 7 and 23 h in the normal and hypercholesterolemic sera, respectively. Elevated apoE levels and moderate hypercholesterolemia persisted one week after restoration of the normal diet, indicating that the increased apoprotein level seen in hypercholesterolemic rats was not solely to VLDL or chylomicron remnants. However, due to the elevated apoE levels in the hypercholesterolemic rats, the total replacement rates of the apoprotein appeared to be greater than that in normolipemic animals, consistent with the concept that in the steady state there is an increase in apoE secretion in hypercholesterolemic animals rather than a decrease in catabolism.
|
['Animals', 'Apoenzymes', 'Apoproteins', 'Cholesterol', 'Chylomicrons', 'Half-Life', 'Hypercholesterolemia', 'Lipoproteins', 'Male', 'Rats']
| 518,738
|
[]
|
[]
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Characteristics of victims coarrested for intimate partner violence.
|
This study evaluated the frequency of coarrest in female victims who utilized 911 for intimate partner violence (IPV) and any patterns or circumstances that increased the likelihood of coarrest. All cases of police-documented IPV where a female IPV victim was arrested in conjunction with the perpetrator were included. Each incident report was reviewed to determine demographic characteristics of the victim, weapon and substance involvement, presence of children, and violence severity. Of IPV victims, 9% (131 of 1,489) were arrested. Having a weapon, alcohol use, not being married, and older age were associated with increased likelihood of arrest (p < .001). The presence of a child decreased the likelihood of victim arrest (p < .001). Race, prior incidents of IPV, offender restraining order, and incident severity were not significantly associated with coarrest. Although coarrest occurred in a minority of cases, it may deter victims from contacting police for future incidents of police.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aggression', 'Crime Victims', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Incidence', 'Interpersonal Relations', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Police', 'Prisoners', 'Records', 'Socioeconomic Factors', 'Spouse Abuse', 'Substance-Related Disorders', 'United States']
| 17,057,163
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['F01.145.126.125', 'F01.145.813.045'], ['M01.135'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.375', 'N01.224.935.597.500', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.375', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.375'], ['F01.829.401'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['M01.526.373.750', 'M01.526.760'], ['M01.729'], ['E05.318.308.940', 'L01.399.250.900', 'N04.452.859', 'N05.715.360.300.715', 'N06.850.520.308.940'], ['I01.880.853.996', 'N01.824'], ['I01.198.240.856.350.750', 'I01.198.240.856.575.500', 'I01.880.735.900.350.750', 'I01.880.735.900.688.500'], ['C25.775', 'F03.900'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Antidiabetic action of vanadyl in rats independent of in vivo insulin-receptor kinase activity.
|
The effects of oral vanadyl sulfate administration for 9-12 days on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in the basal state and on glucose dynamics during submaximal hyperinsulinemic clamps were investigated in nondiabetic and streptozocin-induced diabetic rats. Decreases in growth rate and water and food consumption were the only significant alterations noted in control animals receiving vanadyl. Administration of vanadyl to diabetic rats resulted in weight loss; a significant decrease in plasma glucose, triglyceride, and cholesterol levels; and decreases in food and water intake, without a concomitant change in plasma insulin concentrations. Vanadyl treatment did not modify either peripheral glucose utilization or hepatic glucose production in control rats during submaximal insulin clamps. In contrast, vanadyl therapy increased insulin-induced glucose utilization significantly and had a small but nonsignificant effect on insulin-mediated suppression of glucose production in diabetic rats. The tyrosine kinase activity of liver- and muscle-derived insulin receptors from diabetic rats that underwent clamp study, which reflected the in vivo phosphorylation state of insulin receptor, was not altered by vanadyl treatment. In conclusion, these results show that augmentation of peripheral glucose utilization is the major determinant of the antidiabetic action of vanadyl and support the notion that the action of vanadyl is independent of insulin-receptor kinase activity.
|
['Animals', 'Blood Glucose', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental', 'Hypoglycemic Agents', 'Kinetics', 'Liver', 'Male', 'Protein-Tyrosine Kinases', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Strains', 'Receptor, Insulin', 'Reference Values', 'Vanadates']
| 1,849,104
|
[['B01.050'], ['D09.947.875.359.448.500'], ['C18.452.394.750.074', 'C19.246.240', 'E05.598.500.374'], ['D27.505.696.422'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['A03.620'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.400.200', 'D12.776.543.750.630.484', 'D12.776.543.750.750.580.300'], ['E05.978.810'], ['D01.248.497.158.952', 'D01.960.960']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
A program for the control of indoor pollution by metallic mercury.
|
The objective of this study was to develop an educational program for preventing metallic mercury emissions due to the burning of mercury-gold amalgams inside houses. The main participants were adolescents from a school in the city of Pocon?, State of Mato Grosso. The program was developed in five stages, including discussions of the methods and exhibition of slides showing people working in activities including the garimpos, planning activities as dramatizations, making posters and preparing a screenplay for the production of a video, discussing how to prevent indoor burning of gold-mercury amalgams, and a final evaluation of the adolescents about what they had learned during the program. The evaluation of the impact was done through a comparison of correct answers from a questionnaire before and after the development of the educational activities and by means of a comparison of urinary mercury in school students and a group of residents (women) at three different times: before the program (2.30 microgram/L), 6 months after (2.90 microgram/L), and 11 months after (1.49 microgram/L).
|
['Adolescent', 'Adolescent Behavior', 'Air Pollution, Indoor', 'Education', 'Female', 'Gold', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Mercury', 'Metallurgy', 'Urban Population']
| 10,856,183
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['F01.145.022'], ['N06.850.460.100.080'], ['I02'], ['D01.268.556.322', 'D01.268.956.186', 'D01.552.544.322'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D01.268.556.504', 'D01.268.956.437', 'D01.552.544.504'], ['J01.576.655.875.400'], ['N01.600.900']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Analysis of naturally-occurring radionuclides in coal combustion fly ash, gypsum, and scrubber residue samples.
|
Coal combustion residues from coal-fired power plants can be advantageous for use in building and construction materials. These by-products contain trace quantities of naturally occurring radionuclides from the uranium and thorium series, as well as other naturally occurring radionuclides such as K. Analysis was performed on samples of coal fly ash, flue gas desulfurization, gypsum and scrubber sludges, fixated scrubber sludges, and waste water filter cakes sampled from multiple coal-fired power plants in the United States. The radioactive content of U and Th decay series nuclides was determined using gamma photopeaks from progeny Pb at 352 keV and Tl at 583 keV, respectively; K specific activities were determined using the 1,461 keV photopeak. The samples were hermetically sealed to allow for secular equilibrium between the radium parents and the radon and subsequent progeny. Samples were analyzed in a common geometry using two high purity germanium photon detectors with low energy detection capabilities. The specific activities (Bq kg) were compared to results from literature studies including different building materials and fly ash specific activities. Fly ash from bituminous and subbituminous coals had U specific activities varying from 30-217 Bq kg (mean + 1 s.d. 119 ± 45 Bq kg) and 72-209 Bq kg (115 ± 40 Bq kg), respectively; Th specific activities from 10-120 Bq kg (73 ± 26 Bq kg) and 53-110 Bq kg (81 ± 18 Bq kg), respectively; and K specific activities from 177 to 928 Bq kg (569 ± 184 Bq kg) and 87-303 Bq kg (171 ± 69 Bq kg), respectively. Gypsum samples had U, Th, and K specific activities approximately one order of magnitude less than measured for fly ash samples.
|
['Calcium Sulfate', 'Coal', 'Coal Ash', 'Radioisotopes', 'Sewage']
| 23,361,421
|
[['D01.146.375', 'D01.578.215', 'D01.875.800.800.850.125'], ['D20.345.108', 'N06.230.132.258.108'], ['D20.633.110'], ['D01.496.749'], ['D20.944.932.500']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
[Histologic analysis of microinvasive carcinoma of the cervix uteri with graphic reconstruction].
|
To seize the aspect of microinvasive carcinoma in relation to C.I.S., graphic reconstruction of 37 cases, comprising 31 cases of Stage Ia and 6 cases with confluent invasion to a depth of 5mm or less, were represented in detailed schematic drawings. From a new approach to analysis, the following conclusions could be drawn. Only 1/37 cases (2.7%) revealed the transition from C.I.S. to Stage Ia. Configurations of the remaining 36 cases were quite different from those of C.I.S. Their distinctive features were represented in transversal linear spread, parallel to the S.C.J. line. Their extent and multiple foci regulated ramified lesions. According to the degree of ramification, 36 cases were divided into zonal type (33 cases) and multiple type (3). Inceptive foci of invasion from glandular involvement were noticed in 28/33 cases (84.8%). In 17/33 cases (51.5%), lesions were limited to the columnar epithelia region. They provided evidence of the origin of a sub-opening cleft area. The ratio of numbers of early stromal invasion to those of glandular involvement indicated the speed of progression. Early stromal invasion from surface epithelial lesion was discernible in 9/33 cases (27.3%). In the 5 cases without any early stromal invasion from glandular involvement, they might originate from surface epithelia.
|
['Carcinoma', 'Epithelium', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Models, Biological', 'Neoplasm Invasiveness', 'Uterine Cervical Neoplasms']
| 3,701,136
|
[['C04.557.470.200'], ['A10.272'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.599.395'], ['C04.697.645', 'C23.550.727.645'], ['C04.588.945.418.948.850', 'C13.351.500.852.593.131', 'C13.351.500.852.762.850', 'C13.351.937.418.875.850']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Studying the genotoxic effects induced by two kinds of bentonite particles on human B lymphoblast cells in vitro.
|
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the genotoxic effects induced by native and active bentonite particles (BPs) on human B lymphoblast cells using comet assay and cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assay in vitro. The cells were exposed to BPs at the concentrations of 30, 60, 120 and 240ìg/ml for 24, 48 and 72h, respectively. The quartz contents of native and active BPs were 6.80±0.20 and 6.50±0.10%, respectively. Gypsum and DQ-12 quartz served as negative and positive controls. The results of comet assay showed that DNA damage induced by native and active BPs was significantly higher than that induced by gypsum control (P<0.05 or <0.01), and increased with exposure concentration and duration. When the cells were exposed to BPs at the doses of 120 and 240ìg/ml for 72h, DNA damage induced by active BPs and native BPs was significantly higher than that induced by DQ-12 quartz (P<0.01), and DNA damage induced by active BPs enhanced significantly, as compared with native BPs (P<0.01). The results of CBMN assay demonstrated that both native BPs and active BPs could induce significant micronuclei, as compared with gypsum control (P<0.05 or <0.01). However, there was no significant difference of micronucleus frequency (MNF) among native BPs, active BPs and DQ-12 quartz. The water-soluble fractions from two kinds of BPs did not induce significant DNA damage and micronuclei. These findings indicated that the genotoxicity induced by active BPs and native BPs could be detected in comet assay and CBMN assay in vitro, the insoluble particle fractions from BPs may play a main role in the genotoxic effects induced by BPs.
|
['B-Lymphocytes', 'Bentonite', 'Cell Line', 'Comet Assay', 'DNA Damage', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Humans', 'Micronucleus Tests', 'Solubility']
| 21,215,817
|
[['A11.063.438', 'A11.118.637.555.567.562', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.562', 'A15.382.032.438', 'A15.382.490.555.567.562'], ['D01.056.050.075.100', 'D01.578.725.025.100', 'D01.650.550.050.075.100', 'D01.837.725.700.760.050.100'], ['A11.251.210'], ['E05.196.401.153.150', 'E05.301.300.100.150', 'E05.393.560.150', 'E05.940.560.150'], ['G05.200'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.393.560.598'], ['G02.805']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Stimulatory catfish leukocyte immune-type receptors (IpLITRs) demonstrate a unique ability to associate with adaptor signaling proteins and participate in the formation of homo- and heterodimers.
|
Channel catfish leukocyte immune-type receptors (IpLITRs) are immunoglobulin superfamily (IgSF) members believed to play a role in the control and coordination of cellular immune responses. Some IpLITR-types encode a transmembrane (TM) region containing a single positive charged lysine (K) residue, which is a key feature of stimulatory immune receptors that associate with immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM)-containing adaptor proteins. In this study we focused on identifying the signaling adaptor molecules recruited by putative stimulatory IpLITRs as a first step towards elucidating their ability to regulate catfish immune cell effector functions. Using HEK 293T cells co-transfected with epitope-tagged catfish proteins, we demonstrate that IpLITRs associated with the IpFcRgamma, IpFcRgamma-L, and IpCD3zeta-L adaptors, which all encode a negative charged aspartic acid (D) residue within their TM regions. Association of IpLITRs with IpFcRgamma and IpFcRgamma-L also enhanced cell surface expression of the receptor, which was not observed after co-transfections with IpCD3zeta-L, IpDAP12, or IpDAP10. Mutating the lysine residue (at amino acid position 199) within the TM region of IpLITR 2.6b to alanine (A(199)) did not prevent the association with IpFcRgamma-L and only slightly reduced receptor expression levels on the cell surface. Surprisingly, this mutation also facilitated IpLITR 2.6b association with IpDAP12 that correlated with an enhanced expression of the receptor. Conversely, an aspartic acid (D(30)) to A(30) switch within the IpFcRgamma-L TM region completely abrogated its assembly with the receptor and inhibited the IpFcRgamma-L induced surface expression of IpLITR 2.6b. In addition, co-transfections and immunoprecipitation of single (i.e. N-terminal HA) and double (i.e. N-terminal HA and C-terminal 3xFLAG) epitope-tagged stimulatory IpLITR-types revealed that these immune receptors formed non-covalent homo- and heterodimers through interaction(s) likely mediated by their extracellular immunoglobulin (Ig)-like domains. Combined with their unique association with adaptor proteins, dimerization may have profound effects on IpLITR-mediated regulation of teleost immune responses by influencing their signaling potential and/or ligand-binding properties.
|
['Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing', 'Amino Acid Motifs', 'Animals', 'Catfishes', 'Cell Membrane', 'Cytoplasm', 'Leukocytes', 'Mutagenesis, Site-Directed', 'Protein Multimerization', 'Receptors, Immunologic', 'Subcellular Fractions']
| 19,800,691
|
[['D12.644.360.024', 'D12.776.157.057', 'D12.776.476.024'], ['G02.111.570.820.709.275.500', 'G02.111.570.820.709.600.500'], ['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.493.080'], ['A11.284.149'], ['A11.284.430.214'], ['A11.118.637', 'A15.145.229.637', 'A15.382.490'], ['E05.393.420.601.575'], ['G02.111.694'], ['D12.776.543.750.705'], ['A11.284.835']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Thyrotropin-releasing hormone and lysine-bradykinin stimulate arachidonate liberation from rat anterior pituitary cells through different mechanisms.
|
TRH and lysine-bradykinin (Lys-bradykinin) increase PRL release and arachidonate liberation from anterior pituitary cells. We investigated whether the arachidonate liberation stimulated by TRH and Lys-bradykinin originates in pituitary lactotropes and whether these events are accomplished through similar mechanisms. Lys-bradykinin and TRH rapidly (0.5 min) increased the intracellular [3H]arachidonate content of rat anterior pituitary cells. Lys-bradykinin also increased [3H]arachidonate liberation and PRL release from lactotrope-enriched pituitary cells, but not from a pituitary cell preparation with a diminished number of lactotropes. In contrast, TRH increased [3H]arachidonate liberation from both lactotrope-enriched and lactotrope-diminished preparations; this increased [3H]arachidonate liberation stimulated by TRH in the lactotrope-diminished cells may originate in the thyrotropes. The effects of TRH and Lys-bradykinin on [3H]arachidonate and [14C]stearate liberation in perfused pituitary cells also were determined. Both secretagogues increased arachidonate and stearate liberation in a biphasic manner, characterized by a transient spike, followed by a lower magnitude wave of fatty acid release. The spike phase produced by Lys-bradykinin was more pronounced than that produced by TRH. The calcium dependence of TRH- and Lys-bradykinin-stimulated arachidonate liberation also was investigated. Cobalt and the low calcium medium containing ionomycin were used to block the secretagogue-induced increase in intracellular calcium concentrations. These conditions blocked TRH-stimulated arachidonate liberation, but only marginally decreased Lys-bradykinin-stimulated arachidonate liberation, indicating that the two peptides act through different mechanisms. Therefore, TRH stimulation of arachidonate liberation is linked to an increase in intracellular calcium. In contrast, Lys-bradykinin increases arachidonate liberation through a calcium-independent intracellular mediator. This calcium-independent increase in arachidonate liberation may involve the bradykinin receptor being coupled directly to a phospholipase, a G-protein that provides a link between the bradykinin receptor and the phospholipases that liberate arachidonate, or bradykinin-induced activation of a protein kinase-C that activates the phospholipases and subsequently liberates arachidonate.
|
['Animals', 'Arachidonic Acids', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Female', 'Kallidin', 'Kinetics', 'Pituitary Gland, Anterior', 'Prolactin', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Strains', 'Stearic Acids', 'Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone', 'Time Factors', 'Tritium']
| 1,505,463
|
[['B01.050'], ['D10.251.355.255.100', 'D10.251.355.310.166'], ['A11.251'], ['D12.644.276.812.169.400', 'D12.644.456.193.400', 'D12.776.467.812.169.400', 'D23.469.050.375.110.400', 'D23.529.812.169.400'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['A06.300.747.500', 'A06.688.357.750.500', 'A08.186.211.180.497.352.435.500.500', 'A08.186.211.200.317.357.352.435.500.500', 'A08.713.357.750.500'], ['D06.472.699.322.576.773', 'D06.472.699.631.525.525', 'D12.644.548.691.525.525'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400'], ['D10.251.882'], ['D06.472.699.327.740.880', 'D12.644.400.400.740.880', 'D12.644.456.837', 'D12.644.548.365.740.880', 'D12.776.631.650.405.740.880', 'D12.776.631.650.810'], ['G01.910.857'], ['D01.268.406.875', 'D01.362.340.875', 'D01.496.749.925']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
SHUGOSHINs and PATRONUS protect meiotic centromere cohesion in Arabidopsis thaliana.
|
In meiosis, chromosome cohesion is maintained by the cohesin complex, which is released in a two-step manner. At meiosis I, the meiosis-specific cohesin subunit Rec8 is cleaved by the protease Separase along chromosome arms, allowing homologous chromosome segregation. Next, in meiosis II, cleavage of the remaining centromere cohesin results in separation of the sister chromatids. In eukaryotes, protection of centromeric cohesion in meiosis I is mediated by SHUGOSHINs (SGOs). The Arabidopsis genome contains two SGO homologs. Here we demonstrate that Atsgo1 mutants show a premature loss of cohesion of sister chromatid centromeres at anaphase I and that AtSGO2 partially rescues this loss of cohesion. In addition to SGOs, we characterize PATRONUS which is specifically required for the maintenance of cohesion of sister chromatid centromeres in meiosis II. In contrast to the Atsgo1 Atsgo2 double mutant, patronus T-DNA insertion mutants only display loss of sister chromatid cohesion after meiosis I, and additionally show disorganized spindles, resulting in defects in chromosome segregation in meiosis. This leads to reduced fertility and aneuploid offspring. Furthermore, we detect aneuploidy in sporophytic tissue, indicating a role for PATRONUS in chromosome segregation in somatic cells. Thus, ploidy stability is preserved in Arabidopsis by PATRONUS during both meiosis and mitosis.
|
['Arabidopsis', 'Arabidopsis Proteins', 'Cell Cycle Proteins', 'Centromere', 'Chromosome Segregation', 'Meiosis', 'Mitosis', 'Spindle Apparatus']
| 24,506,176
|
[['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.157.100'], ['D12.776.765.149'], ['D12.776.167'], ['A11.284.430.106.279.345.190.160.165', 'G05.360.160.165'], ['G04.144.220.220.625', 'G05.113.220.625'], ['G04.144.220.220.687', 'G05.113.220.687'], ['G04.144.220.220.781', 'G05.113.220.781'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.750.820']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Ten years experience of thoracic and thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm surgical repair: lessons learned.
|
In the last few years, advances in surgical techniques and in organ protection adjuncts have improved outcomes in thoracic (TAA) and thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm (TAAA) surgical repair, although mortality and morbidity are still noteworthy. The aim of the current retrospective study is to determine whether the use of adjuncts influenced mortality and morbidity rates. From 1993 to 2003 we performed 353 procedures for TAA (175 cases) and TAAA (178 cases). This series has been divided into two consecutive groups: in group I (from 1993 to 1997), distal aortic perfusion with left atriofemoral bypass and cerebrospinal fluid drainage were used selectively, and in group II (from 1998 to 2003), the adjuncts were used routinely (together with surgical techniques of less invasive approach in selected cases). Total in-hospital mortality rates were significantly different ( p < 0.05): 15.9% in group I and 8.6% in group II. The overall incidence of paraplegia or paraparesis in group I was 8.3% and in Group II it was 5.1%. Renal failure occurred in 9.6% of group I and in 4.1% of group II. The incidence of respiratory failure in group I was 28%, and was 17.9% in group II. Respiratory failure was significantly lower ( p < 0.05) in group II. The reduction in the incidence of renal failure and paraplegia in the two groups was nonsignificant. In conclusion, the use of adjuncts and our improved experience allowed us to achieve a significant improvement in mortality and major morbidity rates in the group of patients operated on after 1998.
|
['Aged', 'Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal', 'Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic', 'Arteriovenous Shunt, Surgical', 'Extracorporeal Circulation', 'Female', 'Hospital Mortality', 'Humans', 'Intraoperative Care', 'Magnetic Resonance Angiography', 'Male', 'Paraplegia', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Respiratory Insufficiency', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Vascular Surgical Procedures']
| 15,534,729
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['C14.907.055.239.075', 'C14.907.109.139.075'], ['C14.907.055.239.125', 'C14.907.109.139.125'], ['E04.035.087', 'E04.100.814.868.249'], ['E04.292'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.400', 'N01.224.935.698.400', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.400', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.760.731.400', 'E04.604.249', 'N02.421.585.722.400'], ['E01.370.350.825.500.500', 'E01.370.370.050.500'], ['C10.597.622.669', 'C23.888.592.636.637'], ['C23.550.767'], ['C08.618.846'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E04.100.814']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
BAL1 and BBAP are regulated by a gamma interferon-responsive bidirectional promoter and are overexpressed in diffuse large B-cell lymphomas with a prominent inflammatory infiltrate.
|
BAL1 is a transcription modulator that is overexpressed in chemoresistant, diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCLs). BAL1 complexes with a recently described DELTEX family member termed BBAP. Herein, we characterized BAL1 and BBAP expression in primary DLBCL subtypes defined by their comprehensive transcriptional profiles. BAL1 and BBAP were most abundant in lymphomas with a brisk host inflammatory response, designated host response (HR) tumors. Although these DLBCLs include significant numbers of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and interdigitating dendritic cells, BAL1 and BBAP were expressed primarily by malignant B cells, prompting speculation that the genes might be induced by host-derived inflammatory mediators such as gamma interferon (IFN-gamma). In fact, IFN-gamma induced BAL1 and BBAP expression in DLBCL cell lines; doxycycline-induced BAL1 also increased the expression of multiple IFN-stimulated genes, directly implicating BAL1 in an IFN signaling pathway. We show that BAL1 and BBAP are located on chromosome 3q21 in a head-to-head orientation and are regulated by a IFN-gamma-responsive bidirectional promoter. BBAP regulates the subcellular localization of BAL1 by a dynamic shuttling mechanism, highlighting the functional requirement for coordinated BBAP and BAL1 expression. IFN-gamma-induced BAL1/BBAP expression contributes to the molecular signature of HR DLBCLs and highlights the interplay between the inflammatory infiltrate and malignant B cells in these tumors.
|
['Base Sequence', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Chromosomes, Human, Pair 3', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic', 'Humans', 'Interferon-gamma', 'Janus Kinase 2', 'Lymphoma, B-Cell', 'Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse', 'Mutation', 'Neoplasm Proteins', 'Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases', 'Promoter Regions, Genetic', 'Protein-Tyrosine Kinases', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins', 'RNA Interference', 'RNA, Small Interfering', 'Recombinant Proteins', 'Subcellular Fractions', 'Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases']
| 16,809,771
|
[['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['A11.284.187.520.300.235.250', 'G05.360.162.520.300.235.250'], ['G05.308.370'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.644.276.374.440.893', 'D12.644.276.374.480.615.350', 'D12.776.467.374.440.893', 'D12.776.467.374.480.615.350', 'D23.529.374.440.893', 'D23.529.374.480.615.350'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.124.200', 'D12.776.476.393.200', 'D12.776.624.664.700.117'], ['C04.557.386.480.150', 'C15.604.515.569.480.150', 'C20.683.515.761.480.150'], ['C04.557.386.480.150.585', 'C15.604.515.569.480.150.585', 'C20.683.515.761.480.150.585'], ['G05.365.590'], ['D12.776.624'], ['D08.811.913.400.725.115.690'], ['G02.111.570.080.689.675', 'G05.360.080.689.675', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.750.680'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725'], ['D12.776.624.664.700'], ['G05.308.203.374.790'], ['D13.150.650.700', 'D13.444.735.150.700', 'D13.444.735.790.552.875'], ['D12.776.828'], ['A11.284.835'], ['D08.811.464.938.750']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
In vivo evaluation of gene transfer into mesenchymal cells (in view of cartilage repair).
|
Gene transfer of specific growth factors is suitable for inducing chondrogenic differentiation of -mesenchymal cells to be used for cartilage regeneration. However, extent and quality of repair tissue formation also depend on biomechanical and metabolic influences that can only be studied in vivo. We describe three methods to evaluate viral gene transfer into mesenchymal cells in animal models of articular cartilage defects, e.g., mouse, rat and miniature pig models, focussing on the repair of hyaline cartilage tissue.
|
['Adenoviridae', 'Animals', 'Cartilage', 'Cartilage, Articular', 'Cell Transplantation', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Dependovirus', 'Female', 'Gene Transfer Techniques', 'Genes, Reporter', 'Genetic Vectors', 'Humans', 'Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins', 'Knee Injuries', 'Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation', 'Mesenchymal Stem Cells', 'Mice', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Regeneration', 'Swine', 'Tissue Scaffolds', 'beta-Galactosidase']
| 21,590,406
|
[['B04.280.030'], ['B01.050'], ['A02.165', 'A10.165.382'], ['A02.165.407.150', 'A02.835.583.192'], ['E02.095.147.500', 'E04.936.225'], ['A11.251'], ['B04.280.580.650.170'], ['E05.393.350'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.435'], ['G05.360.337'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.644.276', 'D12.776.467', 'D23.529'], ['C26.558.554'], ['E02.095.147.500.500.625', 'E04.936.225.687.625'], ['A11.329.830.500', 'A11.872.590.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900'], ['G16.762'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.880'], ['E07.206.627', 'E07.695.825'], ['D08.811.277.450.410.100']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Thermophilic archaeal enzymes and applications in biocatalysis.
|
Thermophilic enzymes have advantages for their use in commercial applications and particularly for the production of chiral compounds to produce optically pure pharmaceuticals. They can be used as biocatalysts in the application of 'green chemistry'. The thermophilic archaea contain enzymes that have already been used in commercial applications such as the L-aminoacylase from Thermococcus litoralis for the resolution of amino acids and amino acid analogues. This enzyme differs from bacterial L-aminoacylases and has similarities to carboxypeptidases from other archaeal species. An amidase/ã-lactamase from Sulfolobus solfataricus has been used for the production of optically pure ã-lactam, the building block for antiviral carbocyclic nucleotides. This enzyme has similarities to the bacterial signature amidase family. An alcohol dehydrogenase from Aeropyrum pernix has been used for the production of optically pure alcohols and is related to the zinc-containing eukaryotic alcohol dehydrogenases. A transaminase and a dehalogenase from Sulfolobus species have also been studied. The archaeal transaminase is found in a pathway for serine synthesis which is found only in eukaryotes and not in bacteria. It can be used for the asymmetric synthesis of homochiral amines of high enantioselective purity. The L-2-haloacid dehalogenase has applications both in biocatalysis and in bioremediation. All of these enzymes have increased thermostability over their mesophilic counterparts.
|
['Aeropyrum', 'Alcohol Dehydrogenase', 'Amidohydrolases', 'Aminohydrolases', 'Archaea', 'Archaeal Proteins', 'Biocatalysis', 'Green Chemistry Technology', 'Hydrolases', 'Models, Molecular', 'Protein Conformation', 'Sulfolobus solfataricus', 'Thermococcus', 'Transaminases']
| 21,265,764
|
[['B02.075.200.500.050'], ['D08.811.682.047.820.250'], ['D08.811.277.087'], ['D08.811.277.151'], ['B02'], ['D12.776.090'], ['G02.111.086', 'G02.130.500', 'G03.105'], ['J01.897.360'], ['D08.811.277'], ['E05.599.595'], ['G02.111.570.820.709'], ['B02.075.725.725.725.800'], ['B02.200.825.800.800'], ['D08.811.913.477.700']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Erythrokeratodermia variabilis.
|
A 47-year-old woman presented with both transient, figurate, erythematous patches and fixed, hyperkeratotic plaques on the upper extremities. Her cutaneous disease began in childhood and affects numerous siblings and her daughter. Her clinical presentation, history, and histopathologic analysis were consistent with erythrokeratodermia variabilis, which is a genodermatosis linked to mutations in the gene encoding for the gap-junction protein, connexin 31.
|
['Connexins', 'Erythema', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Keratosis', 'Middle Aged', 'Mutation']
| 14,594,578
|
[['D12.776.543.585.250'], ['C17.800.229', 'C23.888.885.328'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C17.800.428'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G05.365.590']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
The impact of posttraumatic stress disorder on blood pressure and heart rate in a veteran population.
|
Hyperarousal is a hallmark of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). PTSD has been associated with increased blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) in veteran populations. We retrospectively identified male patients consulted to outpatient psychiatry at the Iowa City Veterans Affairs Healthcare System. Patients were divided into PTSD (n = 88) and non-PTSD (n = 98) groups. All PTSD patients and a subset of non-PTSD patients had documented blast exposure during service. The study investigated whether patients with PTSD had higher systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and heart rate (HR) than patients without PTSD. The effect of trauma exposure on BP was also examined. Mean SBP (133.8 vs. 122.3 mm Hg; p < .001), DBP (87.6 vs. 78.6 mm Hg; p < .001), and HR (78.9 vs. 73.1 bpm; p < .001) were all significantly higher in the PTSD group. Trauma-exposed patients without PTSD had significantly higher BP than nonexposed patients. The prevalence of hypertension (HTN) was 34.1% (diagnosed and undiagnosed) among PTSD patients. Patients with PTSD had higher BP and HR compared to patients without PTSD. Trauma exposure may increase BP in this population. These findings will increase awareness about the cardiovascular implications of PTSD.
|
['Adult', 'Arousal', 'Blood Pressure', 'Cardiovascular Diseases', 'Combat Disorders', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Explosions', 'Heart Rate', 'Humans', 'Hypertension', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Risk Factors', 'Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic', 'United States', 'Veterans']
| 23,371,434
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['F02.830.104', 'G11.561.035'], ['E01.370.600.875.249', 'G09.330.380.076'], ['C14'], ['F03.950.750.249'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['N06.230.208'], ['E01.370.600.875.500', 'G09.330.380.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C14.907.489'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['F03.950.750.500'], ['Z01.107.567.875'], ['M01.930']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Pharmacokinetic interactions of the microsomal triglyceride transfer protein inhibitor, lomitapide, with drugs commonly used in the management of hypercholesterolemia.
|
STUDY OBJECTIVE: To characterize the effects of two doses (10 and 60 mg) of lomitapide—a microsomal triglyceride transfer protein inhibitor approved as adjunct treatment to lower low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in patients with homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia—on the pharmacokinetics of several lipid-lowering therapies: atorvastatin, simvastatin, rosuvastatin, fenofibrate, ezetimibe, and niacin.DESIGN: Two prospective open-label studies (study 1 and study 2).SETTING: Two clinical research units.SUBJECTS: A total of 130 healthy volunteers (114 subjects in study 1 and 16 subjects in study 2).INTERVENTION: In study 1, subjects were enrolled sequentially to one of the following eight open-label treatment arms (probe drug + lomitapide): atorvastatin 20 mg + lomitapide 10 mg, atorvastatin 20 mg + lomitapide 60 mg, simvastatin 20 mg + lomitapide 10 mg, rosuvastatin 20 mg + lomitapide 10 mg, rosuvastatin 20 mg + lomitapide 60 mg, fenofibrate 145 mg + lomitapide 10 mg, ezetimibe 10 mg + lomitapide 10 mg, and extended-release niacin 1000 mg + lomitapide 10 mg. Study 2 consisted of the ninth treatment arm: simvastatin 40 mg + lomitapide 60 mg. Subjects received one dose of the probe drug on the morning of day 1. On days 2–7, subjects took their dose of lomitapide once/day in the morning. On day 8, subjects received one dose of lomitapide simultaneously with the same probe drug they took on day 1. Subjects returned 1 week later (day 15) for a final visit to check safety laboratory parameters.MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: A full pharmacokinetic profile was performed for the probe drug on day 1 and day 8 (after 7 days of dosing with lomitapide [i.e., at steady state]). Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated from the plasma concentration-time data for each day by using noncompartmental methods. Analysis of variance was applied to the ln-transformed maximum concentration (Cmax) and area under the plasma concentration-time curve from time 0–t (AUC0–t) values, and ratios of the means were compared for day 8 versus day 1. Lomitapide increased exposure to the statin medications. The percent least squares means ratios (LSMR%) (90% confidence intervals [CIs]) for AUC0–t of the statin medications with lomitapide at the 60 mg dose were as follows: 129 (115–144) for the sum of the active atorvastatin moieties, 168 (139–203) for simvastatin acid, and 132 (112–157) for rosuvastatin. The LSMR% (90% CI) for Cmax was 138 (120–160) for the sum of the active atorvastatin moieties, 157 (133–186) for simvastatin acid, and 104 (82–32) for rosuvastatin. The LSMRs were not appreciably altered for the other probe drugs.CONCLUSION: This study shows that lomitapide is a weak inhibitor of CYP3A4 and increased the exposure of statin medications. Careful monitoring of adverse events of CYP3A4-metabolized statins should be used when initiating therapy with lomitapide.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Anticholesteremic Agents', 'Benzimidazoles', 'Carrier Proteins', 'Disease Management', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Drug Interactions', 'Drug Therapy, Combination', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hypercholesterolemia', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Prospective Studies', 'Young Adult']
| 24,734,312
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D27.505.519.186.071.202', 'D27.505.954.557.500.202'], ['D03.633.100.103'], ['D12.776.157'], ['N04.590.607'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['G07.690.773.968'], ['E02.319.310'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C18.452.584.500.500.396'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Telephone line transmission of rectilinear radionuclide scans. Report of a pilot project.
|
The General Electric-Elscint system for telephone line transmission of rectillinear scans has been tested and with certain limitations found to be acceptable in terms of diagnostic accuracy for many scan procedures. The system tested had some logistic disadvantage requiring batch processing of the scans, and making quality control of the scans difficult with the one video data processor available at the reference centre.
|
['Data Display', 'Humans', 'Radionuclide Imaging', 'Telephone', 'Videotape Recording']
| 838,758
|
[['F02.784.412.221', 'L01.296'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.710', 'E01.370.384.730'], ['L01.178.847.698'], ['J01.897.280.500.846.734', 'J01.897.280.500.898.840', 'L01.178.590.875.840', 'L01.178.820.090.846.734', 'L01.178.820.090.898.840', 'L01.280.940.840', 'L01.280.960.880']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Two cases of mesothelial/monocytic incidental cardiac excrescences of the heart.
|
Two cases of mesothelial/monocytic incidental cardiac excrescences in a 66-year-old female and an 80-year-old male are presented. Lesions had solid and tubular pattern formations which were composed of two predominant cell types of histiocytoid cells and cuboidal cells arranged in strips. The histiocytoid cells were round and had well-defined nuclei with prominent nuclear grooves. They had a low nuclear to cytoplasmic ratio. There were no atypical mitoses. Immunohistochemically, these cells were positive for leukocyte common antigen (LCA) and CD68 (KP-1) but negative for keratin. The cuboidal cells were present in strips, had haphazardly arranged surface microvilli and had small round non-cleaved nuclei. These cells were positive for keratin but negative for LCA, CD68, p53, proliferative cell nuclear antigen, alpha-smooth muscle actin, Factor VIII, epithelial membranous antigen and vimentin. These lesions are probably reactive because of their heterogeneous components; an expected feature for an essentially artifactual lesion that is related to cardiac surgery and invasive catheterization. Immunohistochemical studies are useful for avoiding misdiagnosis of neoplasms.
|
['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Antigens, CD', 'Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic', 'Biomarkers, Tumor', 'Epithelium', 'Female', 'Heart Diseases', 'Histiocytes', 'Humans', 'Hyperplasia', 'Iatrogenic Disease', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Keratins', 'Leukocyte Common Antigens', 'Male', 'Monocytes', 'Myocardium']
| 9,736,413
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['D23.050.301.264.035', 'D23.101.100.110'], ['D23.050.301.264.900', 'D23.101.100.900'], ['D23.101.140'], ['A10.272'], ['C14.280'], ['A11.329.372.385', 'A11.627.482.385', 'A11.733.397.385', 'A15.382.670.522.385', 'A15.382.680.397.385'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C23.550.444'], ['C23.550.291.875'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['D05.750.078.593.450', 'D12.776.220.475.450', 'D12.776.860.607'], ['D08.811.277.352.650.775.400.100.500', 'D12.644.360.587.100.500', 'D12.776.476.592.100.500', 'D12.776.543.733.937.500'], ['A11.118.637.555.652', 'A11.148.580', 'A11.627.624', 'A11.733.547', 'A15.145.229.637.555.652', 'A15.378.316.580', 'A15.382.490.555.652', 'A15.382.670.547', 'A15.382.680.547'], ['A02.633.580', 'A07.541.704', 'A10.690.552.750']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Apatite-forming ability and mechanical properties of PTMO-modified CaO-SiO2 hybrids prepared by sol-gel processing: effect of CaO and PTMO contents.
|
Transparent monolithics of triethoxysilane end-capped poly(tetramethylene oxide) (Si-PTMO)-modified CaO-SiO2 hybrids were successfully synthesized by hydrolysis and polycondensation of Si-PTMO, tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) and calcium nitrate. As for the samples with varying (Ca(NO3)2)/(TEOS) molar ratios under constant ratio of (Si-PTMO)/(TEOS) of 2/3 in weight. the apatite-forming ability in a simulated body fluid (SBF) which is indicative of bioactivity. remarkably increased with increasing CaO content, although the tensile strength and Young's modulus decreased. The hybrid with (Ca(NO3)2)/(TEOS) = 0.15 in mol formed an apatite on its surface within only 1 day. For this series of samples, the strain at failure which is a measure of capability for deformation of material, was found to be about 30% and almost independent of CaO content. As for the samples with varying (Si-PTMO)/(TEOS) weight ratios under constant ratio of (Ca(NO3)2)/(TEOS) of 0.15 in mol, the strain at failure increased with increasing Si-PTMO content, but the apatite-forming ability, tensile strength and Young's modulus decreased. Thus, the synthesis of the hybrids exhibiting both high apatite-forming ability and high extensibility can be achieved by selecting suitable CaO and Si-PTMO contents. These new kind of hybrid materials may be useful as bioactive bone-repairing materials.
|
['Apatites', 'Biocompatible Materials', 'Body Fluids', 'Calcium Compounds', 'Gels', 'Humans', 'Materials Testing', 'Microscopy, Electron, Scanning', 'Oxides', 'Silicon Dioxide', 'Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared', 'Surface Properties', 'Tensile Strength']
| 12,069,346
|
[['D01.029.260.700.675.374.075.025', 'D01.146.360.050', 'D01.578.122', 'D01.695.625.675.650.075.025'], ['D25.130', 'D27.720.102.130', 'J01.637.051.130'], ['A12.207'], ['D01.146'], ['D20.280.320', 'D26.255.165.320'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.570'], ['E01.370.350.515.402.541', 'E05.595.402.541'], ['D01.248.497.158.685', 'D01.650.550'], ['D01.578.750', 'D01.650.550.825', 'D01.837.725'], ['E05.196.712.726.676.700', 'E05.196.867.826.676.700'], ['G02.860'], ['G01.374.850']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
In vitro activity of telithromycin against Haemophilus influenzae at epithelial lining fluid concentrations.
|
BACKGROUND: Haemophilus influenzae is one of the main aetiological agents of community-acquired respiratory tract infections. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of telithromycin against H. influenzae clinical isolates showing different pattern of resistance in comparison with azithromycin and clarithromycin at 1/4 x, 1/2 x, 1 x, 2 x, 4 x minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and to peak concentrations in epithelial lining fluid (ELF). The secondary aim was to determine the influence of CO2 enriched atmosphere on bacterial susceptibility.RESULTS: Telithromycin showed high activity against H. influenzae, including strains susceptible to beta-lactams (n = 200), beta-lactamase producer (n = 50) and beta-lactamase negative ampicillin resistant (BLNAR) (n = 10), with MIC from < or =0.03 to 4 mg/L, and MIC50/MIC90 of 1/2 mg/L with susceptibility rate of 100%, and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC) from 2 to 4-fold higher than the MIC. Azithromycin was the most active tested macrolide (range: 0.25 - 4 mg/L; MIC50/MIC90: 1/2 mg/L), comparable to telithromycin, while clarithromycin showed the highest MICs and MBCs (range: 0.25 - 8 mg/L; MIC50/MIC90: 2/8 mg/L). In time-kill studies, telithromycin showed a bactericidal activity at the higher concentrations (4 - 2 x MIC and ELF) against all the strains, being complete after 12 - 24 hours from drug exposition. At MIC concentrations, at ambient air, bactericidal activity of telithromycin and azithromycin was quite similar at 12 hours, and better than that of clarithromycin. Besides, telithromycin and clarithromycin at ELF concentrations were bactericidal after 12 hours of incubation for most strains, while 24 hours were needed to azithromycin to be bactericidal. Incubation in CO2 significantly influenced the MICs and MBCs, and only slightly the in vitro killing curves.CONCLUSION: Telithromycin showed an in-vitro potency against H. influenzae comparable to azithromycin, with an in-vitro killing rate more rapid and superior to clarithromycin at 2X-MIC against beta-lactamase producers and BLNAR strains, and to azithromycin at ELF concentrations against beta-lactamase negative strains. Against all strains, MICs and MBCs were lower in the absence of CO2 for the tested antibiotics, showing an adverse effect of incubation in a CO2 environment. The in-vitro potency together with the tissue concentrations of the antimicrobial, should be considered in predicting efficacy.
|
['Anti-Bacterial Agents', 'Azithromycin', 'Carbon Dioxide', 'Clarithromycin', 'Haemophilus Infections', 'Haemophilus influenzae', 'Humans', 'Ketolides', 'Microbial Sensitivity Tests', 'Respiratory Tract Infections', 'Time Factors', 'beta-Lactamases']
| 18,230,154
|
[['D27.505.954.122.085'], ['D02.540.576.500.992.050'], ['D01.200.200', 'D01.362.150', 'D01.650.550.200'], ['D02.540.576.500.992.100'], ['C01.150.252.400.700.433'], ['B03.440.450.600.450.330', 'B03.660.250.550.290.330'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D02.540.576.500.992.445'], ['E01.370.225.875.595', 'E05.200.875.595', 'E05.337.550.400'], ['C01.748', 'C08.730'], ['G01.910.857'], ['D08.811.277.087.180']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Allelic variation in the cg2 gene does not correlate with chloroquine resistance among Indian Plasmodium falciparum isolates.
|
The cg2 gene of Plasmodium falciparum has been proposed to be associated with chloroquine resistance. Here we describe PCR amplification and sequencing of all the four repeat regions (kappa (kappa), gamma (gamma), psi (psi) and omega (omega)) of this gene, from Indian isolates. There were variant forms for each of these repeat regions (two for kappa and gamma, and three for psi and omega) among the 123 Indian isolates of P. falciparum. Among these isolates certain forms of psi and omega repeats were uniquely present while some of the reported forms of the kappa and omega repeats were absent. The pattern of combination of all four repeat regions of cg2 gene (genotype) was analysed from 52 isolates. A total of 11 different genotypes were observed among these cases, of which 10 were unique to Indian isolates. Certain genotypes were more common than others. The nucleotide sequencing of all the four repeat regions revealed that Indian isolates have some unique repeating units within the gamma and omega domains. Altogether, the PCR and sequencing results showed that there was an unrelatedness between cg2 repeats and chloroquine resistance.
|
['Alleles', 'Amino Acid Sequence', 'Animals', 'Antimalarials', 'Base Sequence', 'Chloroquine', 'DNA, Protozoan', 'Drug Resistance', 'Genetic Variation', 'Humans', 'India', 'Malaria, Falciparum', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Plasmodium falciparum', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Protozoan Proteins', 'Sequence Homology, Amino Acid']
| 11,730,794
|
[['G05.360.340.024.340.030'], ['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.122.250.100.085'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['D03.633.100.810.050.180'], ['D13.444.308.442'], ['G07.690.773.984'], ['G05.365'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.252.245.393'], ['C01.610.752.530.650', 'C01.920.875.650'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['B01.043.075.380.611.561'], ['E05.393.620.500'], ['D12.776.820'], ['G02.111.810.200', 'G05.810.200']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
|
[Effect of knocking down Piezo1 mechanically sensitive protein on migration of MC3T3-E1 osteoblast cells].
|
Objective: To discuss the effect of Piezo1 mechanically sensitive protein in migration process of mouse MC3T3-E1 osteoblast cells.Methods: The 5th-10th generation mouse MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts were divided into Piezo1-small interfering RNA (siRNA) transfection group (group A), negative control group (group B), and blank control group (group C). Piezo1-siRNA or negative control siRNA was transfected into mouse MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts by siRNA transfection reagent, respectively; group C was only added with siRNA transfection reagent; and the cell morphology was observed under inverted phase contrast microscope and fluorescence microscope, and the transfection efficiency was calculated. The expression of Piezo1 protein was detected by immunofluorescence staining and Western blot. Transwell cell migration assay and cell scratch assay were used to detect the migration of MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts after Piezo1-siRNA transfection.Results: After 48 hours of transfection, group A showed a slight increase in cell volume and mutant growth, but cell colonies decreased, suspension cells increased and cell fragments increased when compared with untransfected cells. Under fluorescence microscope, green fluorescence was observed in MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts of group B, and the transfection efficiency was 68.56%±4.12%. Immunofluorescence staining and Western blot results showed that the expression level of Piezo1 protein in group A was significantly lower than that in groups B and C ( P<0.05); there was no significant difference between group B and group C ( P>0.05). Transwell cell migration assay and cell scratch assay showed that the number of cells per hole and the scratch healing rate of cells cultured for 1-4 days in group A were significantly lower than those in groups B and C ( P<0.05); there was no significant difference between group B and group C ( P>0.05).Conclusion: Piezo1 knocked down by siRNA can inhibit the migration ability of MC3T3-E1 osteoblast cells.
|
['Animals', 'Cell Differentiation', 'Cell Movement', 'Ion Channels', 'Mice', 'Osteoblasts', 'Osteocalcin', 'RNA, Small Interfering', 'Transfection']
| 30,644,257
|
[['B01.050'], ['G04.152'], ['G04.198', 'G07.568.500.180'], ['D12.776.157.530.400', 'D12.776.543.550.450', 'D12.776.543.585.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['A11.329.629'], ['D12.776.157.125.700'], ['D13.150.650.700', 'D13.444.735.150.700', 'D13.444.735.790.552.875'], ['E05.393.350.810', 'G05.728.860']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Acute peritonsillar abscess caused by Arcanobacterium haemolyticum.
|
A patient is reported with a peritonsillar abscess yielding Arcanobacterium haemolyticum. This appears to be only the fifth such case described in the medical literature and the first from Europe. The organism has been reported as an occasional cause of tonsillopharyngitis with rash, resembling infection with Streptococcus pyogenes but often unresponsive to penicillin therapy. A. haemolyticum easily passes unrecognized in bacteriological cultures as a result of its slow growth, coryneform appearance in the Gram's stain and weak haemolytic activity on conventional laboratory media.
|
['Acute Disease', 'Adult', 'Female', 'Gram-Positive Asporogenous Rods', 'Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections', 'Humans', 'Peritonsillar Abscess']
| 1,479,262
|
[['C23.550.291.125'], ['M01.060.116'], ['B03.510.460.400'], ['C01.150.252.410'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C01.748.561.750.500', 'C01.830.025.675', 'C07.550.781.750.500', 'C08.730.561.750.500', 'C09.775.649.750.500']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Kawasaki disease patients with six principal symptoms have a high risk of being a non-responder.
|
BACKGROUND: A diagnosis of Kawasaki disease (KD) is established using six principal symptoms. Because the principal symptoms are deeply connected with KD, it is thus important to investigate the usefulness of the principal symptoms for evaluating the disease severity of KD.METHODS: Patients with definite KD or suspicion of KD were retrospectively examined. Blood test data and the incidence of patients who failed to respond to the initial i.v. immunoglobulin treatment (non-responders) were compared between patients with six principal symptoms, including fever of ? 4 days, before treatment of KD (six-symptom patients), and those with five or fewer symptoms (five-symptom patients).RESULTS: The study group of 207 patients who were treated with immunoglobulin consisted of 121 six-symptom patients and 86 five-symptom patients. The six-symptom patients were older and had higher neutrophil proportion and total bilirubin, and lower serum sodium at diagnosis than the five-symptom patients. Although the treatments did not differ between the groups, the six-symptom patients had a higher incidence of non-responders than the five-symptom patients (17% vs 5%; P= 0.008). Logistic regression analysis showed that six-symptom status was related to the risk of being a non-responder (odds ratio [OR], 5.3; 95% confidence interval [95%CI]: 1.6-17.4). This association was still significant after adjustment for the effect of age, neutrophil proportion, and total bilirubin and sodium (OR, 4.4; 95%CI: 1.4-17.3).CONCLUSIONS: The number of principal symptoms before treatment is a useful guide to KD disease severity. Six-symptom patients have a higher risk of being a non-responder than five-symptom patients.
|
['Aspirin', 'Child, Preschool', 'Coronary Aneurysm', 'Coronary Vessels', 'Drug Therapy, Combination', 'Humans', 'Immunoglobulins', 'Immunoglobulins, Intravenous', 'Infant', 'Logistic Models', 'Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome', 'Multivariate Analysis', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Risk Factors', 'Severity of Illness Index', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 22,115,193
|
[['D02.455.426.559.389.657.410.595.176'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['C14.280.647.250.250', 'C14.907.055.395', 'C14.907.585.250.250'], ['A07.015.114.269', 'A07.015.908.194'], ['E02.319.310'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.124.486.485', 'D12.776.124.790.651', 'D12.776.377.715.548'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.619.393.536', 'D12.776.124.486.485.114.632', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.632', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.632'], ['M01.060.703'], ['E05.318.740.500.525', 'E05.318.740.600.800.450', 'E05.318.740.750.450', 'E05.599.835.875', 'N05.715.360.750.530.480', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.450', 'N05.715.360.750.695.470', 'N06.850.520.830.500.525', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.450', 'N06.850.520.830.750.450'], ['C14.907.940.560', 'C15.604.560', 'C17.800.862.560'], ['E05.318.740.150.500', 'N05.715.360.750.125.500', 'N06.850.520.830.150.500'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475.456.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.364.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.364.500'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Water quality analysis of the commercial boreholes in Mubi Metropolis, Adamawa State, Nigeria: geographic information system approach.
|
It is observed that most of the commercial boreholes in Mubi Metropolis are located along River Yedzeram which is the main river that runs across the town. Unfortunately, due to the geographical location of the town in savanna region with minimal water supply, water related small scale industries such as sachet water, block making, irrigation agriculture, cloth dying, car wash and other pollution activities such as mechanical workshops and public toilets are also located along the same River Yedzeram. Moreover, the inhabitants of the town either dump their refuse in the River or spread it on their farmlands as there is no provision of refuse dump site by the government. Therefore, five parameters (Nitrate, Magnesium, Copper, Calcium and Iron) were used to test thewater quality of water samples that were collected from twenty two commercial boreholes along the river, using the standard examination of water and waste water of the World Health Organization to determine the water quality of the boreholes. The study revealed that only eight out of the twenty two boreholes are of good quality, while the others are either of bad quality or not portable. ArcGIS 9.2 and ILWIS 3.3 software were used to analyze the laboratory results through the use of SQL queries. It was recommended that the government should provide portable water, establish water quality control board and make use of GIS for creation of database and analysis.
|
['Geographic Information Systems', 'Groundwater', 'Humans', 'Nigeria', 'Urban Population', 'Water Pollutants', 'Water Pollution', 'Water Quality']
| 23,120,934
|
[['L01.313.500.750.300.314', 'L01.470.750.750.462'], ['G01.311.355'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.058.290.190.565'], ['N01.600.900'], ['D27.888.284.903'], ['N06.850.460.790'], ['N06.850.460.350.080.750', 'N06.850.460.790.730']]
|
['Information Science [L]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
The use of a sonicate preparation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (new tuberculin) in the assessment of BCG vaccination.
|
Six hundred and sixty four children attending elementary schools in and around the town of Butajira in Shoa district of Ethiopia have been skin-tested with a sonicate tuberculin and the responses have been divided into two different types. One of these types is believed to indicate protective immunity and the other tissue damaging hypersensitivity. On the basis of these responses previously administered BCG vaccination has been assessed for its protective efficacy which, it is suggested, is above 80%. This system of assessment also indicated that school entry age would be a very suitable time for BCG vaccination in the region. If the system can be established as useful, its potential value in planning BCG campaigns in developing countries is considerable.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Age Factors', 'BCG Vaccine', 'Child', 'Developing Countries', 'Ethiopia', 'Evaluation Studies as Topic', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hypersensitivity, Delayed', 'Male', 'Time Factors', 'Tuberculin', 'Tuberculin Test', 'Tuberculosis, Pulmonary', 'Ultrasonics']
| 6,606,885
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['D20.215.894.135.825.100'], ['M01.060.406'], ['I01.615.500.300'], ['Z01.058.290.120.310'], ['E05.337', 'N05.715.360.335'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C20.543.418'], ['G01.910.857'], ['D23.050.161.845'], ['E01.370.225.812.871.800', 'E05.200.812.871.800', 'E05.478.594.890.800'], ['C01.150.252.410.040.552.846.899', 'C01.748.939', 'C08.381.922', 'C08.730.939'], ['H01.671.031.849']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Carbohydrate-like composition of submicron atmospheric particles and their production from ocean bubble bursting.
|
Oceans cover over two-thirds of the Earth's surface, and the particles emitted to the atmosphere by waves breaking on sea surfaces provide an important contribution to the planetary albedo. During the International Chemistry Experiment in the Arctic LOwer Troposphere (ICEALOT) cruise on the R/V Knorr in March and April of 2008, organic mass accounted for 15-47% of the submicron particle mass in the air masses sampled over the North Atlantic and Arctic Oceans. A majority of this organic component (0.1-0.4 microm(-3)) consisted of organic hydroxyl (including polyol and other alcohol) groups characteristic of saccharides, similar to biogenic carbohydrates found in seawater. The large fraction of organic hydroxyl groups measured during ICEALOT in submicron atmospheric aerosol exceeded those measured in most previous campaigns but were similar to particles in marine air masses in the open ocean (Southeast Pacific Ocean) and coastal sites at northern Alaska (Barrow) and northeastern North America (Appledore Island and Chebogue Point). The ocean-derived organic hydroxyl mass concentration during ICEALOT correlated strongly to submicron Na concentration and wind speed. The observed submicron particle ratios of marine organic mass to Na were enriched by factors of approximately 10(2)-approximately 10(3) over reported sea surface organic to Na ratios, suggesting that the surface-controlled process of film bursting is influenced by the dissolved organic components present in the sea surface microlayer. Both marine organic components and Na increased with increasing number mean diameter of the accumulation mode, suggesting a possible link between organic components in the ocean surface and aerosol-cloud interactions.
|
['Aerosols', 'Alaska', 'Atmosphere', 'Carbohydrates', 'Hydroxyl Radical', 'North America', 'Oceans and Seas', 'Organic Chemicals', 'Pacific Ocean', 'Particle Size', 'Salts', 'Sodium', 'Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared', 'Wind']
| 20,080,571
|
[['D20.280.055', 'D26.255.165.055'], ['Z01.107.567.875.580.100'], ['G16.500.275.063', 'N06.230.300.100'], ['D09'], ['D01.045.250.357', 'D01.248.497.158.459.300', 'D01.339.431.249'], ['Z01.107.567'], ['G01.311.625', 'G16.500.275.725.500.650', 'Z01.756'], ['D02'], ['Z01.756.700'], ['G02.712'], ['D01.786'], ['D01.268.549.750', 'D01.268.557.650', 'D01.552.528.850', 'D01.552.547.725'], ['E05.196.712.726.676.700', 'E05.196.867.826.676.700'], ['G16.500.175.249.200', 'G16.500.275.063.725.154.200', 'G16.500.750.775.780', 'N06.230.132.644.875', 'N06.230.300.100.150.185.200', 'N06.230.300.100.725.780']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Structural basis for ligand selectivity of heteromeric olfactory cyclic nucleotide-gated channels.
|
In vertebrate olfactory receptors, cAMP produced by odorants opens cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) channels, which allow Ca(2+) entry and depolarization of the cell. These CNG channels are composed of alpha subunits and at least two types of beta subunits that are required for increased cAMP selectivity. We studied the molecular basis for the altered cAMP selectivity produced by one of the beta subunits (CNG5, CNCalpha4, OCNC2) using cloned rat olfactory CNG channels expressed in Xenopus oocytes. Compared with alpha subunit homomultimers (alpha channels), channels composed of alpha and beta subunits (alpha+beta channels) were half-activated (K(1/2)) by eightfold less cAMP and fivefold less cIMP, but similar concentrations of cGMP. The K(1/2) values for heteromultimers of the alpha subunit and a chimeric beta subunit with the alpha subunit cyclic nucleotide-binding region (CNBR) (alpha+beta-CNBRalpha channels) were restored to near the values for alpha channels. Furthermore, a single residue in the CNBR could account for the altered ligand selectivity. Mutation of the methionine residue at position 475 in the beta subunit to a glutamic acid as in the alpha subunit (beta-M475E) reverted the K(1/2,cAMP)/K(1/2,cGMP) and K(1/2, cIMP)/K(1/2,cGMP) ratios of alpha+beta-M475E channels to be very similar to those of alpha channels. In addition, comparison of alpha+beta-CNBRalpha channels with alpha+beta-M475E channels suggests that the CNBR of the beta subunit contains amino acid differences at positions other than 475 that produce an increase in the apparent affinity for each ligand. Like the wild-type beta subunit, the chimeric beta/alpha subunits conferred a shallow slope to the dose-response curves, increased voltage dependence, and caused desensitization. In addition, as for alpha+beta channels, block of alpha+betaCNBRalpha channels by internal Mg(2+) was not steeply voltage-dependent (zdelta approximately 1e(-)) as compared to block of alpha channels (zdelta 2.7e(-)). Thus, the ligand-independent effects localize outside of the CNBR. We propose a molecular model to explain how the beta subunit alters ligand selectivity of the heteromeric channels.
|
['Animals', 'Binding Sites', 'Biophysical Phenomena', 'Biophysics', 'Female', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Ion Channel Gating', 'Ion Channels', 'Ligands', 'Models, Molecular', 'Mutagenesis, Site-Directed', 'Nucleotides, Cyclic', 'Olfactory Receptor Neurons', 'Oocytes', 'Protein Structure, Quaternary', 'Rats', 'Recombinant Proteins', 'Xenopus']
| 10,777,729
|
[['B01.050'], ['G02.111.570.120'], ['G01.154'], ['H01.158.344', 'H01.671.100'], ['E05.481'], ['G02.111.820.400', 'G04.835.400', 'G07.265.625'], ['D12.776.157.530.400', 'D12.776.543.550.450', 'D12.776.543.585.400'], ['D27.720.470.480'], ['E05.599.595'], ['E05.393.420.601.575'], ['D13.695.462'], ['A04.531.520.573.580', 'A04.760.600.640.640', 'A08.675.650.915.500.540', 'A08.800.950.500.540', 'A09.531.623.580', 'A10.615.550.760.600.640.640', 'A11.671.650.915.500.540'], ['A05.360.490.690.680', 'A11.497.497.600'], ['G02.111.570.820.709.550'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['D12.776.828'], ['B01.050.150.900.090.180.610.500']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Effects of pulmonary regurgitation on distensibility and flow of the branch pulmonary arteries in tetralogy of Fallot.
|
Significant pulmonary regurgitation (PR) after repair of tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) may affect flow in the pulmonary artery (PA) side branches. We sought to assess flow changes and distensibility of the PA side branches in vivo and test correlation with the degree of PR and right-ventricular (RV) dilatation. Thirty patients after TOF repair and 16 controls underwent cardiovascular magnetic resonance for quantification of RV volumes and measurement of flow in the PA side branches. RV volumes and function, blood flow volumes, and cross-sectional area of the main, left (LPA), and right (RPA) PA were measured and regurgitant volumes and distensibility calculated. Results were compared between the LPA and the RPA and between patients and controls. Median regurgitation fraction of PR was 41 % (range 22-60 %). Regurgitant fraction was greater in the LPA (40 %) than in the RPA (29 %), resulting in lower net flow into the LPA (p < 0.001). LPA area was significantly greater than that of the RPA (303.9 vs. 232.7 mm(2)/m(2)) (p < 0.0001). The LPA showed lower distensibility than the RPA (39 vs. 44 %). PA side branch distensibility correlated with MPA regurgitant volume (p = 0.001), MPA regurgitant fraction (p = 0.001), and RV end-diastolic volume (p = 0.03). PA side branches have greater distensibility in patients with PR than in normal subjects. Significant PR leads to changes in flow profile and distensibility of the PA side branches. The LPA shows greater regurgitant volume and greater area but lower distensibility than the RPA.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Blood Flow Velocity', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Child', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cine', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Pulmonary Artery', 'Pulmonary Circulation', 'Pulmonary Valve Insufficiency', 'Tetralogy of Fallot', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 23,292,337
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['E01.370.370.130', 'G09.330.380.630.080'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['M01.060.406'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['E01.370.350.825.500.510'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['A07.015.114.715'], ['G09.330.100.770', 'G09.772.593'], ['C14.280.484.660'], ['C14.240.400.849', 'C14.280.400.849', 'C16.131.240.400.849'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Screening of protein tyrosine kinases activated during neural induction in Xenopus.
|
We have screened Xenopus animal cap ectodermal cells during neural induction for protein kinases (PK) and protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) after their renaturation in gels containing the polydispersed substrate poly(Glu, Tyr). Following guanidine hydrochloride denaturation, renaturation, and phosphorylation with [gamma-32P]ATP, kinase activity was detected by autoradiography. Incubation of gels in hot alkali after glutaraldehyde crosslinking completely eliminated the activity of non-PTK enzymes. This method is very sensitive and can be applied to development biology for the detection of PTKs in very small samples such as ectoderm explants dissected from animal caps in amphibian embryos. A large number of PTKs were visualized in uninduced and induced ectodermal cells. This procedure should be useful for investigating the role of PTKs in intracellular signaling during neural induction.
|
['Animals', 'Autoradiography', 'Enzyme Activation', 'Nervous System', 'Protein-Tyrosine Kinases', 'Xenopus laevis']
| 8,660,535
|
[['B01.050'], ['E01.370.225.750.132', 'E05.200.750.132', 'E05.799.256'], ['G02.111.263', 'G03.328'], ['A08'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725'], ['B01.050.150.900.090.180.610.500.562']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Suppression of tumor necrosis factor-á-induced nuclear factor êB activation and aromatase activity by capsaicin and its analog capsazepine.
|
Target-specific drugs, including natural products, offer promise for the amelioration of cancer and other human ailments. Capsaicin, the pungent ingredient present in chilies (Capsicum annuum L.), and capsazepine, a synthetic analog of capsaicin (collectively referred to as vanilloids), are known to possess a variety of pharmacological and physiological properties. In our continuous effort to discover and characterize cancer chemopreventive agents from natural products, we investigated the effect of vanilloids on nuclear factor ê-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NFêB) activation using stably transfected 293/NFêB-Luc human embryonic kidney cells induced by treatment with tumor necrosis factor-á (TNFá) and on aromatase activity. Capsaicin and capsazepine blocked TNFá-induced NFêB activation in a dose-dependent manner with 50% inhibitory concentration (IC(50)) values of 0.68 and 4.2 ìM, respectively. No significant cytotoxicity was observed at the highest concentrations tested (53.1 ìM for capsazepine and 65.5 ìM for capsaicin). In addition, these vanilloids inhibited aromatase activity with IC(50) values of 13.6 and 8.8 ìM, respectively. Computer-aided molecular docking studies showed docking scores indicative of good binding affinity of vanilloids with aromatase and NFêB. The highly conserved residues for capsaicin and capsazepine binding with NFêB p50 were Ser299 and Ile278 (H-bond 2.81?) and with NFêB p100 were Ser6, Arg82, Val86, Arg90 (H-bond 2.89?), Gly4, and Ser2 (H-bond 2.81?). The amino acids Trp224, Arg435, and Val373 (H-bond 2.80?) were found to be important for the binding of capsaicin and capsazepine with aromatase. Based on these findings, aromatase and NFêB are suggested as valid targets for these compounds; additional investigation of chemopreventive or chemotherapeutic potential is required.
|
['Anticarcinogenic Agents', 'Aromatase', 'Capsaicin', 'Capsicum', 'Cell Line', 'Humans', 'Inhibitory Concentration 50', 'NF-kappa B', 'Plant Extracts', 'Transfection', 'Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha']
| 21,663,483
|
[['D27.505.696.706.018', 'D27.505.954.248.125', 'D27.720.799.018'], ['D08.244.453.489.500', 'D08.244.453.915.099', 'D08.811.682.690.708.170.447.500', 'D08.811.682.690.708.170.915.099', 'D12.776.422.220.453.489.500', 'D12.776.422.220.453.915.099'], ['D02.065.690.500', 'D02.455.326.271.690.222', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.099', 'D03.132.760.200', 'D10.251.355.325.190'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.908.500.145'], ['A11.251.210'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.940.350', 'G07.690.936.563'], ['D05.500.672', 'D12.776.260.600', 'D12.776.660.600', 'D12.776.930.600'], ['D20.215.784.500', 'D26.667'], ['E05.393.350.810', 'G05.728.860'], ['D12.644.276.374.500.800', 'D12.644.276.374.750.626', 'D12.776.124.900', 'D12.776.395.930', 'D12.776.467.374.500.800', 'D12.776.467.374.750.626', 'D23.529.374.500.800', 'D23.529.374.750.626']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
A method for noncontact measurement of corneal diameter in children.
|
PURPOSE: To evaluate a new method for measuring corneal diameter in children.DESIGN: Prospective, cross-sectional study.METHODS: With a digital camera set at maximum focal distance, the authors photographed 92 children twice, each with a paper ruler taped to his or her forehead. Images were opened on a personal computer and the lower half of each eye was cut out and dragged to the ruler to record corneal diameter. The coefficient of variation was calculated for each eye, and nonlinear regression analysis used to correlate diameters with age.RESULTS: Directly after birth, corneal diameter was 9.98 mm, increasing to a plateau of 11.51 mm within the first 24 months of life. The coefficient of variation was 1.3%. Each measurement took no more than a few minutes.CONCLUSIONS: This method allows very precise, fast, noncontact measurements of corneal diameter in newborn and young children.
|
['Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Cornea', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological', 'Hemangioma', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Lacrimal Duct Obstruction', 'Photography', 'Prospective Studies', 'Retinal Neoplasms', 'Strabismus']
| 17,601,441
|
[['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['A09.371.060.217'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['E01.370.380'], ['C04.557.645.375'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['C11.496.456'], ['E01.370.350.600', 'E05.712'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['C04.588.364.818', 'C11.319.475', 'C11.768.717'], ['C10.292.562.887', 'C11.590.810']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Production of gender-specific morning salivary cortisol reference intervals using internationally accepted procedures.
|
BACKGROUND: Salivary cortisol concentrations correlate well with biologically active unbound free plasma cortisol concentrations. Despite its practical and analytical advantages, salivary cortisol measurement has been used mainly as a research tool rather than for the routine evaluation of adrenal function. This may be partly explained by the lack of robust reference data in the literature.METHODS: Using the recommended procedures for the production of reference intervals published by the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry, we aimed to produce morning salivary cortisol reference intervals for males and females. Salivary cortisol was measured in 496 specimens collected from 248 reference individuals (128 males, median age 41 years, range 16-86; and 120 females, median age 44 years, range 16-98) attending an otorhinolaryngology clinic. Reference individuals mailed saliva specimens sampled on two consecutive mornings to our laboratory, where cortisol concentrations were measured.RESULTS: Statistical analysis showed no significant correlation with age or body mass index. The following 95% gender-partitioned reference intervals were produced: males 10.9-40.3 nmol/l; and females 9.3-40.3 nmol/l.CONCLUSION: Knowledge of these salivary cortisol reference intervals helps us monitor the adrenal function of outpatients using topical intranasal glucocorticoids for rhinosinusitis.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Age Factors', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Body Mass Index', 'Female', 'Gender Identity', 'Humans', 'Hydrocortisone', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Reference Values', 'Saliva', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Sex Factors', 'Time Factors']
| 15,576,306
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.125', 'E05.041.124.125', 'G07.100.100.125', 'N06.850.505.200.100.175'], ['F01.393.446.250', 'F01.752.747.385.200', 'F01.752.747.722.200', 'F02.739.794.793.200'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D04.210.500.745.745.654.600', 'D06.472.040.585.353.476', 'D06.472.040.585.478.392'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.978.810'], ['A12.200.666'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['N05.715.350.675', 'N06.850.490.875'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
TGF-â/Smad3 inhibit vascular smooth muscle cell apoptosis through an autocrine signaling mechanism involving VEGF-A.
|
We have previously shown that in the presence of elevated Smad3, transforming growth factor-â (TGF-â) transforms from an inhibitor to a stimulant of vascular smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation and intimal hyperplasia (IH). Here we identify a novel mechanism through which TGF-â/Smad3 also exacerbates IH by inhibiting SMC apoptosis. We found that TGF-â treatment led to inhibition of apoptosis in rat SMCs following viral expression of Smad3. Conditioned media from these cells when applied to naive SMCs recapitulated this effect, suggesting an autocrine pathway through a secreted factor. Gene array of TGF-â/Smad3-treated cells revealed enhanced expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a known inhibitor of endothelial cell apoptosis. We then evaluated whether VEGF is the secreted mediator responsible for TGF-â/Smad3 inhibition of SMC apoptosis. In TGF-â/Smad3-treated cells, VEGF mRNA and protein as well as VEGF secretion were increased. Moreover, recombinant VEGF-A inhibited SMC apoptosis and a VEGF-A-neutralizing antibody reversed the inhibitory effect of conditioned media on SMC apoptosis. Stimulation of SMCs with TGF-â led to the formation of a complex of Smad3 and hypoxia-inducible factor-1á (HIF-1á) that in turn activated the VEGF-A promoter and transcription. In rat carotid arteries following arterial injury, Smad3 and VEGF-A expression were upregulated. Moreover, Smad3 gene transfer further enhanced VEGF expression as well as inhibited SMC apoptosis. Finally, blocking either the VEGF receptor or Smad3 signaling in injured carotid arteries abrogated the inhibitory effect of Smad3 on vascular SMC apoptosis. Taken together, our study reveals that following angioplasty, elevation of both TGF-â and Smad3 leads to SMC secretion of VEGF-A that functions as an autocrine inhibitor of SMC apoptosis. This novel pathway provides further insights into the role of TGF-â in the development of IH.
|
['Animals', 'Apoptosis', 'Autocrine Communication', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Humans', 'Hyperplasia', 'Male', 'Myocytes, Smooth Muscle', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Signal Transduction', 'Smad3 Protein', 'Transforming Growth Factor beta', 'Tunica Intima', 'Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A']
| 25,010,983
|
[['B01.050'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['G04.085.100'], ['A11.251'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C23.550.444'], ['A11.620.520'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['D12.644.360.024.334.500.300', 'D12.776.157.057.170.500.300', 'D12.776.260.713.500.300', 'D12.776.476.024.428.500.300', 'D12.776.744.741.875', 'D12.776.930.806.500.300'], ['D12.644.276.374.687', 'D12.644.276.954.775', 'D12.776.467.374.687', 'D12.776.467.942.775', 'D23.529.374.687', 'D23.529.942.775'], ['A07.015.700'], ['D12.644.276.100.800.200', 'D12.776.467.100.800.200', 'D23.529.100.800.200']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Serum and urinary magnesium during treatment of patients with chronic congestive heart failure.
|
Electrolyte disturbances are common in patients with Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) especially during long-term treatments. Unlike potassium, little is known of how magnesium is affected in these patients. This study was carried out to determine the serum and urinary concentration of magnesium in patients with CHF who were treated with lisinopril [Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor (ACEI)], frusemide (diuretic) and digoxin, at baseline, 2 weeks and 4 weeks. 45 patients (Group I; 24 male, 21 female; average age 49.7 years) with CHF, New York Heart Association (NYHA) Class II, III were matched with 45 healthy controls (Group II; 24 male, 21 female, average age 49.3 years). Serum and urinary magnesium were assayed by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Statistical analysis was made by Student's t-test. At baseline, serum magnesium concentration in CHF patients was not significantly lower than in controls, p > 0.1. However, a higher loss of magnesium in urine was found in CHF patients compared with control subjects at baseline, p < 0.01. Serum magnesium concentration decreased significantly during treatment except in CHF patients on lisinopril, p < 0.05. The lowest excretion of magnesium was also found in this group of patients. Our study shows that lisinopril is magnesium-sparing in patients with CHF.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors', 'Cardiotonic Agents', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Digoxin', 'Diuretics', 'Female', 'Furosemide', 'Heart Failure', 'Humans', 'Lisinopril', 'Magnesium', 'Magnesium Deficiency', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Severity of Illness Index', 'Spectrophotometry, Atomic', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 11,714,011
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['D27.505.519.389.745.085'], ['D27.505.954.411.222', 'D27.720.799.080'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['D04.210.500.155.580.130.500.436', 'D04.210.500.155.580.130.688', 'D09.408.180.261.436'], ['D27.505.696.560.500'], ['D02.065.884.725.300', 'D02.092.146.807.300', 'D02.886.590.700.725.300'], ['C14.280.434'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.644.456.345.600'], ['D01.268.552.437', 'D01.268.557.500', 'D01.552.547.500'], ['C18.654.521.500.439'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475.456.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.364.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.364.500'], ['E05.196.712.726.551', 'E05.196.867.826.551'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
An electrochemical biosensor for the detection of Pb2+
|
We present a novel simple strategy for the detection of Pb2+ based on G-quadruplex DNA and gold nanoparticles. First, gold nanoparticles were chemically adsorbed onto the surface of a thiol-modified gold electrode. Subsequently, the substrate DNA1 was adsorbed onto the surfaces of the gold nanoparticles via thiol-gold bonds, so that the complementary guanine-rich DNA2 could be hybridized to the gold electrode in sequence. [Ru(NH3)6]3+ (RuHex), which can be electrostatically adsorbed onto the anionic phosphate of DNA, served as an electrochemical probe. The presence of Pb2+ can induce DNA2 to form a stable G-quadruplex and fall off the gold electrode. The amount of RuHex remaining on the electrode surface was determined by electrochemical chronocoulometry (CC). The prepared biosensor showed high sensitivity for Pb2+ with a linear range with respect to ln(cPb2+) from 0.01 to 200 nM and a low detection limit of 0.0042 nM under optimal conditions. Because of the high selectivity of the Pb2+-specific DNA2, the designed biosensor also showed low false-positive signal rates with other metal ions in real-world examples. Therefore, this strategy has the potential for practical application in environmental monitoring. Graphical abstract ?.
|
['Biosensing Techniques', 'Cations, Divalent', 'DNA', 'Electrochemical Techniques', 'Electrodes', 'Environmental Monitoring', 'G-Quadruplexes', 'Gold', 'Lead', 'Limit of Detection', 'Metal Nanoparticles', 'Nucleic Acid Hybridization', 'Soil', 'Soil Pollutants', 'Water', 'Water Pollutants, Chemical']
| 29,959,487
|
[['E05.601.043'], ['D01.248.497.300.333'], ['D13.444.308'], ['E05.301'], ['E07.305.250'], ['N06.850.460.350.080', 'N06.850.780.375'], ['G02.111.570.820.486.550', 'G05.360.580.550'], ['D01.268.556.322', 'D01.268.956.186', 'D01.552.544.322'], ['D01.268.556.435', 'D01.552.544.435'], ['E05.318.740.872.374', 'N05.715.360.750.725.500', 'N06.850.520.830.872.500'], ['J01.637.512.600.500'], ['E05.393.661', 'G02.111.611'], ['D20.721', 'G01.311.820', 'G16.500.275.815', 'N06.230.600'], ['D27.888.284.756'], ['D01.045.250.875', 'D01.248.497.158.459.650', 'D01.650.550.925'], ['D27.888.284.903.655']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Surface properties of fluoride treated hydroxyapatite as judged by interactions with albumin and lysozyme.
|
Hydroxyapatite treated with fluoride containing both alkali soluble fluoride (CaF2) and alkali stable fluoride (FAp) was shown to take up less albumin than hydroxyapatite but more lysozyme. The affinity of the adsorption of albumin to fluoride treated apatite was increased, whereas no difference was demonstrated in the affinity of lysozyme. Tooth surfaces in vivo contain both calcium fluoride and fluoroapatite. Protein adsorption to mixed phases may thus have clinical significance.
|
['Adsorption', 'Albumins', 'Chemical Phenomena', 'Chemistry, Physical', 'Durapatite', 'Fluorides', 'Hydroxyapatites', 'Muramidase', 'Surface Properties', 'Time Factors']
| 6,314,484
|
[['G01.030', 'G02.020'], ['D12.776.034'], ['G02'], ['H01.181.529'], ['D01.029.260.700.675.374.075.025.300.150', 'D01.146.360.050.300.200', 'D01.578.122.477.300', 'D01.695.625.675.650.075.025.300.150'], ['D01.248.497.158.380', 'D01.303.350.300'], ['D01.029.260.700.675.374.075.025.300', 'D01.146.360.050.300', 'D01.578.122.477', 'D01.695.625.675.650.075.025.300'], ['D08.811.277.450.642'], ['G02.860'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Stabilization of anthocyanin and skullcap flavone complexes--investigations with computer simulation and experimental methods.
|
We examined the stabilization of anthocyanins with flavones from the practical and theoretical perspective. The influence of addition of skullcap flavones, heating to 50 °C, and 12 day storage time (in the presence and absence of light) on the stability of anthocyanins in honeysuckle concentrates was investigated experimentally. Theoretical study was conducted with molecular dynamics methods in a model system, preceded by simulated annealing and thermalization. By the methods of the computer simulation of the copigmentation process we determined the sites responsible for the stabilization of a cyanidin quinoidal base-baicalin complex. We revealed both direct and water-mediated hydrogen bondings that keep the lamellar stacking structure of these molecules in the bounded form in water medium. The stacking occurs also due to hydrophobic interactions of the rings of both molecules. The experimental part of the study confirmed the effectiveness of anthocyanins stabilization in a concentrate of honeysuckle with the use of skullcap flavones.
|
['Anthocyanins', 'Computer Simulation', 'Flavones', 'Hot Temperature', 'Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions', 'Lonicera', 'Molecular Structure', 'Plant Extracts', 'Scutellaria baicalensis']
| 23,265,516
|
[['D03.383.663.283.266.450.087', 'D03.633.100.150.266.450.087', 'D09.408.084', 'D23.767.124'], ['L01.224.160'], ['D03.383.663.283.266.450.260', 'D03.633.100.150.266.450.260'], ['G01.906.595.543', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710.380', 'G16.500.750.775.710.380', 'N06.230.300.100.725.232', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710.380'], ['G02.409'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.328.750.388'], ['G02.111.570', 'G02.466'], ['D20.215.784.500', 'D26.667'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.583.520.942.500']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Role of light and heavy minerals on natural radioactivity level of high background radiation area, Kerala, India.
|
Natural radionuclides ((238)U, (232)Th and (40)K) concentrations and eight different radiological parameters have been analyzed for the beach sediments of Kerala with an aim of evaluating the radiation hazards. Activity concentrations ((238)U and (232)Th) and all the radiological parameters in most of the sites have higher values than recommended values. The Kerala beach sediments pose significant radiological threat to the people living in the area and tourists going to the beaches for recreation or to the sailors and fishermen involved in their activities in the study area. In order to know the light mineral characterization of the present sediments, mineralogical analysis has been carried out using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic technique. The eight different minerals are identified and they are characterized. Among the various observed minerals, the minerals such as quartz, microcline feldspar, kaolinite and calcite are major minerals. The relative distribution of major minerals is determined by calculating extinction co-efficient and the values show that the amount of quartz is higher than calcite and much higher than microcline feldspar. Crystallinity index is calculated to know the crystalline nature of quartz present in the sediments. Heavy mineral separation analysis has been carried out to know the total heavy mineral (THM) percentage. This analysis revealed the presence of nine heavy minerals. The minerals such as monazite, zircon, magnetite and illmenite are predominant. Due to the rapid and extreme changes occur in highly dynamic environments of sandy beaches, quantities of major light and heavy minerals are widely varied from site to site. Granulometric analysis shows that the sand is major content. Multivariate statistical (Pearson correlation, cluster and factor) analysis has been carried out to know the effect of mineralogy on radionuclide concentrations. The present study concluded that heavy minerals induce the (238)U and (232)Th concentrations. Whereas, light mineral (calcite) controls the (40)K concentration. In addition to the heavy minerals, clay content also induces the important radioactive variables.
|
['Background Radiation', 'Cluster Analysis', 'Humans', 'India', 'Metals, Heavy', 'Minerals', 'Radiation Monitoring', 'Radioactive Pollutants', 'Radioisotopes', 'Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared']
| 24,361,519
|
[['G01.750.750.115'], ['E05.318.740.250', 'N05.715.360.750.200', 'N06.850.520.830.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.252.245.393'], ['D01.268.556', 'D01.552.544'], ['D01.578'], ['E05.799.638', 'N06.850.780.375.700', 'N06.850.810.370'], ['D20.693'], ['D01.496.749'], ['E05.196.712.726.676.700', 'E05.196.867.826.676.700']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Decline in neurophysiological function after 7 years in an adolescent diabetic cohort and the role of aldose reductase gene polymorphisms.
|
OBJECTIVE: This 7-year longitudinal study examines the potential impact of aldose reductase gene (AKR1B1) polymorphisms on the decline of nerve function in an adolescent diabetic cohort.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Patients with type 1 diabetes (n = 262) were assessed with three cardiovascular autonomic tests (heart rate variation during deep breathing, Valsalva maneuver, and during standing from a lying position) and pupillometry (resting pupil diameter, constriction velocity, and reflex amplitude), thermal, and vibration thresholds on the foot. Genotyping was performed for promoters (C-106T and C-12G), (CA)(n) dinucleotide repeats, and intragenic BamH1 polymorphism.RESULTS: Median time between first and last assessment was 7.0 years (interquartile range 5.1-11.1), with a median of five assessments (four to seven) per individual. At first assessment, median age was 12.7 years (11.7-13.9), median duration was 5.3 years (3.4-8.0), and median HbA(1c) was 8.5% (7.8-9.3). All tests declined over time except for two cardiovascular autonomic tests and vibration discrimination. Faster decline in maximum constriction velocity was found to associate with the Z-2 allele (P = 0.045), Z-2/Z-2 (P = 0.026). Slower decline in hot thermal threshold discrimination associated with Z+2 (P = 0.044), Z+2/Z+2 (P < 0.0005), Z+2/T (P = 0.038), and bb (P = 0.0001).CONCLUSIONS: Most autonomic and quantitative sensory nerve testings declined over time. AKR1B1 polymorphisms were strongly associated with the rate of decline of these complications.
|
['Adolescent', 'Aldehyde Reductase', 'Alleles', 'Autonomic Nervous System', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1', 'Dinucleotide Repeats', 'Female', 'Gene Frequency', 'Genetic Predisposition to Disease', 'Genotype', 'Heart Rate', 'Humans', 'Longitudinal Studies', 'Male', 'Polymorphism, Genetic', 'Reflex, Pupillary', 'Valsalva Maneuver']
| 16,936,152
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['D08.811.682.047.150.700.156.500', 'D08.811.682.047.820.284.500'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.030'], ['A08.800.050'], ['C18.452.394.750.124', 'C19.246.267', 'C20.111.327'], ['G02.111.570.080.708.800.500.150', 'G05.360.080.708.800.500.150', 'G05.360.340.024.850.500.150'], ['G05.330'], ['C23.550.291.687.500', 'G05.380.355'], ['G05.380'], ['E01.370.600.875.500', 'G09.330.380.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.500'], ['G05.365.795'], ['E01.370.376.550.650.690', 'E01.370.600.550.650.690', 'G11.561.731.705'], ['E01.370.370.380.950', 'E01.370.386.700.950', 'G09.330.380.875', 'G09.772.910']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Improving quality and accessibility in our health care system: cost effective controls in a reformed system.
|
We need to examine the elements of health reform and to debate them based on what type of health care system we want in the future. If we continue down the current course, the numbers of uninsured will grow; benefit coverage will be reduced; increasing numbers of small employers will not be able to afford to buy coverage; and, we will rely on cost shifting to pay for emergency and critical care for those who cannot pay. The alternative is to strive to remove unnecessary costs from our current system, to assure universal coverage, and to emphasize preventive and early ambulatory care over emergency and delayed care. This will cause some disruptions and will put some constraints on the independence of providers and patients. But this is already happening, and frequently without the input of either provider or patient. The insurer and employer are making many of these decisions. Health care reform needs to support patients and providers as the key decision-makers; I believe the President's plan will move us in this direction. I think now is the time to make health reform work for us. I do not see any catastrophic changes that will erode quality of care or the livelihood of health professionals. However, I do see an increasingly bleak future if we delay longer and avoid addressing the fundamental issues of access to high quality care for all Americans at an affordable cost.
|
['Cost Control', 'Cost-Benefit Analysis', 'Delivery of Health Care', 'Health Care Costs', 'Health Care Rationing', 'Health Care Reform', 'Health Expenditures', 'Health Resources', 'Health Services Accessibility', 'Humans', 'Insurance Benefits', 'Insurance, Dental', 'Insurance, Health', 'Patient Participation', 'Quality of Health Care', 'United States']
| 8,051,334
|
[['N03.219.151.160'], ['N03.219.151.125'], ['N04.590.374', 'N05.300'], ['N03.219.151.400', 'N05.300.375'], ['I01.261.750.500', 'N03.349.270', 'N05.300.430.375'], ['I01.655.500.608.400.285', 'I01.880.604.825.608.400.285', 'N03.349.285', 'N03.623.500.608.428.285', 'N04.590.374.285', 'N05.300.380'], ['N03.219.151.450', 'N05.300.385'], ['N03.349.340', 'N05.300.420'], ['N04.590.374.350', 'N05.300.430'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N03.219.521.576.130'], ['N03.219.521.576.343.450'], ['N03.219.521.576.343'], ['F01.100.150.750.500.620', 'F01.145.488.887.500.620', 'N02.421.143.212.300', 'N03.540.245.360.300', 'N05.300.150.800.500.620'], ['N04.761', 'N05.715'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
An oscillation-based model for the neuronal basis of attention.
|
We propose a model for the neuronal implementation of selective visual attention based on the temporal structure of neuronal activity. In particular, we set out to explain the electrophysiological data from areas V4 and IT in monkey cortex of Moran and Desimone [(1985) Science, 229, 782-784] using the "temporal tagging" hypothesis of Crick and Koch [(1990a) Cold Spring Harbor Symposiums in Quantitative Biology, LV, 953-962; (1990b) Seminars in the neurosciences (pp. 1-36)]. Neurons in primary visual cortex respond to visual stimuli with a Poisson distributed spike train with an appropriate, stimulus-dependent mean firing rate. The firing rate of neurons whose receptive fields overlap with the "focus of attention" is modulated with a periodic function in the 40 Hz range, such that their mean firing rate is identical to the mean firing rate of neurons in "non-attended" areas. This modulation is detected by inhibitory interneurons in V4 and is used to suppress the response of V4 cells associated with non-attended visual stimuli. Using very simple single-cell models, we obtain quantitative agreement with Moran and Desimone's (1985) experiments.
|
['Action Potentials', 'Animals', 'Attention', 'Computer Simulation', 'Geniculate Ganglion', 'Haplorhini', 'Neurons, Afferent', 'Visual Cortex']
| 8,296,473
|
[['G04.580.100', 'G07.265.675.100', 'G11.561.570.100'], ['B01.050'], ['F02.830.104.214'], ['L01.224.160'], ['A08.340.390.380', 'A08.800.350.380', 'A08.800.800.120.250.280'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400'], ['A08.675.650', 'A11.671.650'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.571.735', 'A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.814.953']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The Personal Acoustics Lab (PAL): a microcomputer-based system for digital signal acquisition, analysis, and synthesis.
|
A new, integrated digital signal processing (DSP) system, the Personal Acoustics Lab (PAL), is described. This microcomputer-based system is suitable for analogue signal digitization at rates from several samples per hour to 150,000 samples per second in 12- or 16-bit words. Data may be acquired on one to sixteen single-ended A/D, or one to eight double-ended A/D channels in bipolar or unipolar modes. Digitized data may be reconverted to analogue signals using one or two D/A channels. An external clock and trigger and two bidirectional digital ports are provided. Integrated PAL-ILS software commands perform all necessary DSP functions, including: data editing, time- and frequency-domain graphical display, plotting, filtering, Fourier and Hilbert transforms, linear predictive coding, auto- and cross-correlation, and summary statistics. The system is suitable for biological and engineering DSP applications. Output from selected PAL-ILS software commands is illustrated using a bioacoustical example.
|
['Animals', 'Biomedical Engineering', 'Computer Systems', 'Humans', 'Microcomputers', 'Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted', 'Speech', 'Speech Acoustics', 'Vocalization, Animal']
| 3,816,166
|
[['B01.050'], ['H02.070', 'J01.293.140'], ['L01.224.230'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.224.230.260.550'], ['L01.224.800'], ['F01.145.209.908.677', 'G11.561.812', 'L01.559.423.676'], ['G11.561.812.650', 'G11.561.820'], ['F01.145.113.055.800']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Secular change in body height and cephalic index of Croatian medical students (University of Rijeka).
|
An investigation of body height and cephalic measurements was performed among five groups of first-year medical students of the University of Rijeka School of Medicine (Rijeka, Croatia). Body height and different cephalic measurements showed normal distribution, both in male and female students. Differences between measured variables were statistically analyzed by ANOVA. No significant difference with regard to year of birth was found in either males or females. The cephalic index showed no statistically significant difference between sexes or with regard to body height, while head breadth and length correlated significantly with birth year and body height, both in males and females. Head breadth decreased within the study period, while head length increased. Results were compared with those of similar studies from the mid-20th century. Student's t-test showed a significant change of cephalic indices and other head measurements, but not of body height, in males. The frequency difference between various head shapes was tested using the chi-square test. A significant increase of dolichocephalic and mesocephalic and a significant decrease of brachycephalic head shape were found in both sexes. These results suggest a continuity of the debrachycephalization process observed in our population at the past midcentury.
|
['Adult', 'Analysis of Variance', 'Anthropometry', 'Body Height', 'Cephalometry', 'Croatia', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Population Surveillance', 'Sex Distribution']
| 14,669,240
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E05.318.740.150', 'N05.715.360.750.125', 'N06.850.520.830.150'], ['E01.370.600.024', 'E05.041', 'N06.850.505.200.100'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.160.100', 'E05.041.124.160.500', 'G07.100.100.160.100', 'G07.345.249.314.100'], ['E01.370.600.024.250', 'E05.041.250', 'N06.850.505.200.100.300'], ['Z01.542.248.295'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.700', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.625', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.700', 'N06.850.780.675'], ['I01.240.800', 'N01.224.803', 'N06.850.505.400.850']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
The stapled continent ileocecal urinary reservoir in the surgical management of gynecologic malignancy.
|
Total cystectomy at the time of radical pelvic surgery for gynecologic malignancies is not uncommon. Many techniques have been developed for urinary diversion including the continent ileocecal urinary reservoir. Twenty-nine patients underwent construction of a continent ileocecal urinary reservoir during the reconstructive phase of an exenterative procedure or for the relief of urinary tract fistula between 1990 and 1993. All procedures were performed using the mechanical stapling devices using metal staples. The right and proximal transverse colon were mobilized to a length of 24 cm. The ileum was divided 8 cm proximal to the ileocecal valve and plicated using the stapling technique. The colonic segment was opened on its antimesenteric border and the reservoir was created by stapling in a fashion to reapproximate the distal ends to each other. The ureters were stented and implanted without tunneling. A large Malecot drain was placed in all the pouches for irrigation of the colonic mucosa in the postoperative period. The ileal stoma was fixed to the anterior abdominal wall as was the anterior surface of the pouch. Operative time ranged from 50 to 150 min for the pouch construction. All patients underwent retrograde contrast study of the pouch 7-10 days postoperatively to verify lack of anastomatic leaks. After recovery, all patients successfully self-catheterized the pouch three to five times daily without difficulty. Of the 29 patients, 17 (59%) had received prior radiation as part of therapy. All patients remained continent at the end of observation. One developed a fistula to the perineum after intraoperative placement of 125I seeds on the pelvic wall. One patient developed pouch stones; endoscopic evaluation of this pouch revealed no evidence of stones at the staple lines and metabolic workup demonstrated hypocitremia as the etiology for the stones. Mean reservoir volume was 550 ml. Mean follow-up is 15.8 months; 5 have expired due to recurrent disease and 19 (83%) remain alive. Only two patients have been admitted for urosepsis due to reflux pyelonephritis. The stapled continent ileocecal reservoir offers benefits to patients undergoing total cystectomy. Using the mechanical stapling devices decreases the operative time and has not resulted in stone formation or pouch leakage. The complications of the procedure are acceptable.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Female', 'Genital Neoplasms, Female', 'Humans', 'Ileum', 'Middle Aged', 'Proctocolectomy, Restorative', 'Surgical Stapling', 'Urinary Reservoirs, Continent']
| 7,959,282
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C04.588.945.418', 'C13.351.937.418'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A03.556.124.684.249', 'A03.556.249.124'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E04.210.219.620', 'E04.210.895.500'], ['E04.987.775.800'], ['A10.850.750', 'E07.862.750']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Overuse injuries of the olecranon in young gymnasts.
|
We report overuse injuries in 14 elbows of ten ?lite young gymnasts. In 12 elbows of eight patients aged 11 to 15 years there was a spectrum of radiological abnormalities including widening of the olecranon physis and fragmentation of the epiphysis. The radiographs were compared with those of normal elbows matched for age and sex. The radiograph appearances were very similar to those of the Osgood-Schlatter lesion of the tibial tuberosity. Two older boys, aged 18 and 19, had stress fractures through the olecranon growth plate. Conservative management was successful in all except one case of stress fracture which required internal fixation.
|
['Adolescent', 'Athletic Injuries', 'Child', 'Cumulative Trauma Disorders', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Fractures, Stress', 'Gymnastics', 'Humans', 'Inflammation', 'Male', 'Radiography', 'Time Factors', 'Ulna', 'Ulna Fractures']
| 1,544,975
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['C26.115'], ['M01.060.406'], ['C26.844.150'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['C26.404.437'], ['G11.427.410.698.277.156', 'I03.350.156', 'I03.450.642.845.417'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C23.550.470'], ['E01.370.350.700'], ['G01.910.857'], ['A02.835.232.087.090.850'], ['C26.088.268.807', 'C26.404.937']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
A reversed Ebbinghaus-Titchener illusion in bantams (Gallus gallus domesticus).
|
A disk surrounded by smaller disks looks larger, and one surrounded by larger disks looks smaller than reality. This visual illusion, called the Ebbinghaus-Titchener illusion, remains one of the strongest and most robust illusions induced by contrast with the surrounding stimuli in humans. In the present study, we asked whether bantams would perceive this illusion. We trained three bantams to classify six diameters of target disks surrounded by inducer disks of a constant diameter into "small" or "large". In the test that followed, the diameters of the inducer disks were systematically changed. The results showed that the Ebbinghaus-Titchener figures also induce a strong illusion in bantams, but in the other direction, that is, bantams perceive a target disk surrounded by smaller disks to be smaller than it really is and vice versa. Possible confounding factors, such as the gap between target disk and inducer disks and the weighted sum of surface of these figural elements, could not account for the subjects' biased responses. Taken together with the pigeon study by Nakamura et al. (J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process 34:375-387 2008), these results show that bantams as well as pigeons perceive an illusion induced by assimilation effects, not by contrast ones, for the Ebbinghaus-Titchener types of illusory figures. Perhaps perceptual processes underlying such illusory perception (i.e., lack of contrast effects) shown in bantams and pigeons may be partly shared among other avian species.
|
['Animals', 'Chickens', 'Conditioning, Operant', 'Discrimination, Psychological', 'Female', 'Male', 'Optical Illusions', 'Pattern Recognition, Physiological', 'Photic Stimulation']
| 23,995,772
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.248.350.150', 'B01.050.150.900.248.690.192'], ['F02.463.425.179.509'], ['F02.463.593.257'], ['F02.463.593.446.659'], ['F02.463.593.524'], ['E05.723.729']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Vision loss in older persons.
|
Family physicians have an essential role in assessing, identifying, treating, and preventing or delaying vision loss in the aging population. Approximately one in 28 U.S. adults older than 40 years is visually impaired. Vision loss is associated with depression, social isolation, falls, and medication errors, and it can cause disturbing hallucinations. Adults older than 65 years should be screened for vision problems every one to two years, with attention to specific disorders, such as diabetic retinopathy, refractive error, cataracts, glaucoma, and age-related macular degeneration. Vision-related adverse effects of commonly used medications, such as amiodarone or phosphodiesterase inhibitors, should be considered when evaluating vision problems. Prompt recognition and management of sudden vision loss can be vision saving, as can treatment of diabetic retinopathy, refractive error, cataracts, glaucoma, and age-related macular degeneration. Aggressive medical management of diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia; encouraging smoking cessation; reducing ultraviolet light exposure; and appropriate response to medication adverse effects can preserve and protect vision in many older persons. Antioxidant and mineral supplements do not prevent age-related macular degeneration, but may play a role in slowing progression in those with advanced disease.
|
['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Amiodarone', 'Anti-Asthmatic Agents', 'Blindness', 'Cataract', 'Causality', 'Comorbidity', 'Diabetic Retinopathy', 'Geriatric Assessment', 'Glaucoma, Open-Angle', 'Humans', 'Macular Degeneration', 'Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors', 'Practice Guidelines as Topic', 'Refractive Errors', 'Vision Screening']
| 19,514,694
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['D03.633.100.127.075'], ['D27.505.954.796.050'], ['C10.597.751.941.162', 'C11.966.075', 'C23.888.592.763.941.162'], ['C11.510.245'], ['N05.715.350.200', 'N06.850.490.625'], ['N05.715.350.225', 'N06.850.490.687'], ['C11.768.257', 'C14.907.320.382', 'C19.246.099.500.382'], ['E05.318.308.225', 'I01.240.425.350', 'N01.224.425.350', 'N05.715.360.300.360', 'N06.850.505.400.425.350', 'N06.850.520.308.225'], ['C11.525.381.407'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C11.768.585.439'], ['D27.505.519.389.735'], ['N04.761.700.350.650', 'N05.700.350.650'], ['C11.744'], ['E01.370.380.850.900', 'E05.318.308.980.438.580.925', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.500.825', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.580.925', 'N06.850.780.500.950']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Biocomplexity in a highly migratory pelagic marine fish, Atlantic herring.
|
The existence of biologically differentiated populations has been credited with a major role in conferring sustainability and in buffering overall productivity of anadromous fish population complexes where evidence for spatial structure is uncontroversial. Here, we describe evidence of correlated genetic and life history (spawning season linked to spawning location) differentiation in an abundant and highly migratory pelagic fish, Atlantic herring, Clupea harengus, in the North Sea (NS) and adjacent areas. The existence of genetically and phenotypically diverse stocks in this region despite intense seasonal mixing strongly implicates natal homing in this species. Based on information from genetic markers and otolith morphology, we estimate the proportional contribution by NS, Skagerrak (SKG) and Kattegat and western Baltic (WBS) fish to mixed aggregations targeted by the NS fishery. We use these estimates to identify spatial and temporal differences in life history (migratory behaviour) and habitat use among genetically differentiated migratory populations that mix seasonally. Our study suggests the existence of more complex patterns of intraspecific diversity than was previously recognized. Sustainability may be compromised if such complex patterns are reduced through generalized management (e.g. area closures) that overlooks population differences in spatial use throughout the life cycle.
|
['Animal Migration', 'Animals', 'Female', 'Fisheries', 'Fishes', 'Genetic Variation', 'Geography', 'Homing Behavior', 'Male', 'North Sea', 'Seasons', 'Sexual Behavior, Animal']
| 16,777,738
|
[['F01.145.113.069.500'], ['B01.050'], ['J01.040.168.300', 'J03.540.280'], ['B01.050.150.900.493'], ['G05.365'], ['H01.277.500'], ['F01.145.113.646'], ['Z01.756.092.650'], ['G01.910.645.661', 'G16.500.275.071.590', 'N06.230.300.100.250.525'], ['F01.145.113.252.748']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Work load management system ensures stable nurse-patient ratio.
|
The concept of adjusting work load to staffing is the reverse of most currently accepted practices. However, that is precisely how this management and measurement system works. Patient care units (PCU'S) are estimated for all incoming admissions, and patients are assigned to the units that have the lowest PCU count, the goal being an even distribution of work load among nursing units.
|
['Efficiency', 'Hospital Bed Capacity, 100 to 299', 'North Carolina', 'Nursing Service, Hospital', 'Patient Care Planning', 'Personnel Management', 'Personnel Staffing and Scheduling', 'Time and Motion Studies']
| 624,541
|
[['F02.784.692.351', 'N04.452.209'], ['N02.278.306.472.120'], ['Z01.107.567.875.075.475', 'Z01.107.567.875.750.530'], ['N02.278.216.500.968.489', 'N02.421.539.180', 'N04.452.442.452.422.489'], ['N04.590.233.624'], ['N04.452.677'], ['I03.946.225', 'N04.452.677.650'], ['F02.784.412.846.707', 'F02.784.692.746.707']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Serum tests for pancreatitis in patients with abdominal pain.
|
Though the serum total amylase test has been used for the diagnosis of pancreatitis for over 50 years, both its clinical sensitivity and specificity are far from perfect. We first present the results of serial serum total amylase, pancreatic isoamylase, lipase, and immunoreactive trypsin tests in nine patients during the week after their admission to the hospital with a diagnosis of acute pancreatitis, and then compare the serum total amylase, lipase, and immunoreactive trypsin levels in the initial serum submitted for amylase analysis from 100 patients because of the clinical suspicion of acute pancreatitis. In the former group of patients, the serum total amylase test was the least sensitive of the tests for pancreatitis after the first hospital day. In the latter group of patients, the largest discordance was found in patients with elevated serum total amylase levels, but normal lipase and immunoreactive trypsin levels. In 90% of these discordant cases, the elevation of serum total amylase was due to salivary amylase, yielding a maximum clinical specificity of only 71% for serum total amylase. Based on these data, we conclude that alternate tests deserve careful consideration as replacements for the serum total amylase test.
|
['Abdomen', 'Amylases', 'Blood Donors', 'Clinical Enzyme Tests', 'Evaluation Studies as Topic', 'Humans', 'Immunoassay', 'Isoamylase', 'Lipase', 'Pain', 'Pancreas', 'Pancreatitis', 'Reference Values', 'Trypsin']
| 2,580,501
|
[['A01.923.047'], ['D08.811.277.450.066'], ['M01.898.313'], ['E01.370.225.124.200', 'E05.196.427.200', 'E05.200.124.200'], ['E05.337', 'N05.715.360.335'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.478.566', 'E05.601.470'], ['D08.811.277.450.585'], ['D08.811.277.352.100.400'], ['C23.888.592.612', 'F02.830.816.444', 'G11.561.790.444'], ['A03.734'], ['C06.689.750'], ['E05.978.810'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.760.895', 'D08.811.277.656.959.350.895']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
[Effect of different somatotypes on the intensity of changes of indices of height and body mass during early childhood].
|
Anthropometric study of 1425 children of both sexes aged 4-7 years followed by somatodiagnostics according to R. N. Dorokhov method has revealed that at the age of 4 significant proportion of girls belonged to macrosomal type. In the age period of 5-7 years, most part of the children belonged to mesosomal type. However, among the girls of 5-6 years and the boys of 5-7 years the significant proportion belonged to microsomal type (21.1-28.3% of children studied). The growth of height and body mass is more intensive in girls as compared to boys during the whole period of the first childhood. This regularity was found in all the somatotypes with the exclusion of the boys of macrosomal type aged 6-7 years, in whom the maximal reduction of growth of body length was observed.
|
['Anthropometry', 'Body Composition', 'Body Height', 'Body Weight', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Female', 'Growth', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Sex Factors', 'Somatotypes']
| 12,741,116
|
[['E01.370.600.024', 'E05.041', 'N06.850.505.200.100'], ['G02.111.130', 'G03.180', 'G07.100.049'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.160.100', 'E05.041.124.160.500', 'G07.100.100.160.100', 'G07.345.249.314.100'], ['C23.888.144', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120', 'E05.041.124.160.750', 'G07.100.100.160.120', 'G07.345.249.314.120'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['G07.345.249'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N05.715.350.675', 'N06.850.490.875'], ['E01.370.600.115.800', 'G07.100.800']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
A parsimonious approach to modeling animal movement data.
|
Animal tracking is a growing field in ecology and previous work has shown that simple speed filtering of tracking data is not sufficient and that improvement of tracking location estimates are possible. To date, this has required methods that are complicated and often time-consuming (state-space models), resulting in limited application of this technique and the potential for analysis errors due to poor understanding of the fundamental framework behind the approach. We describe and test an alternative and intuitive approach consisting of bootstrapping random walks biased by forward particles. The model uses recorded data accuracy estimates, and can assimilate other sources of data such as sea-surface temperature, bathymetry and/or physical boundaries. We tested our model using ARGOS and geolocation tracks of elephant seals that also carried GPS tags in addition to PTTs, enabling true validation. Among pinnipeds, elephant seals are extreme divers that spend little time at the surface, which considerably impact the quality of both ARGOS and light-based geolocation tracks. Despite such low overall quality tracks, our model provided location estimates within 4.0, 5.5 and 12.0 km of true location 50% of the time, and within 9, 10.5 and 20.0 km 90% of the time, for above, equal or below average elephant seal ARGOS track qualities, respectively. With geolocation data, 50% of errors were less than 104.8 km (<0.94 degrees), and 90% were less than 199.8 km (<1.80 degrees). Larger errors were due to lack of sea-surface temperature gradients. In addition we show that our model is flexible enough to solve the obstacle avoidance problem by assimilating high resolution coastline data. This reduced the number of invalid on-land location by almost an order of magnitude. The method is intuitive, flexible and efficient, promising extensive utilization in future research.
|
['Animals', 'Methods', 'Models, Biological', 'Movement', 'Seals, Earless']
| 19,262,755
|
[['B01.050'], ['E05.581'], ['E05.599.395'], ['G07.568', 'G11.427.410'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.250.700']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
An analytical derivative procedure for the calculation of vibrational Raman optical activity spectra.
|
We present an analytical time-dependent Hartree-Fock algorithm for the calculation of the derivatives of the electric dipole-magnetic dipole polarizability with respect to atomic Cartesian coordinates. Combined with analogous procedures to determine the derivatives of the electric dipole-electric dipole and electric dipole-electric quadrupole polarizabilities, it enables a fully analytical evaluation of the three frequency-dependent vibrational Raman optical activity (VROA) invariants within the harmonic approximation. The procedure employs traditional non-London atomic orbitals, and the gauge-origin dependence of the VROA intensities has, therefore, been assessed for the commonly used aug-cc-pVDZ and rDPS:3-21G basis sets.
|
['Algorithms', 'Computer Simulation', 'Electrons', 'Epoxy Compounds', 'Quantum Theory', 'Spectrum Analysis, Raman', 'Time Factors', 'Vibration']
| 18,052,417
|
[['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['L01.224.160'], ['G01.249.335', 'G01.358.500.750'], ['D02.355.291.411'], ['H01.671.579.800'], ['E05.196.822.860', 'E05.196.867.890'], ['G01.910.857'], ['G01.374.930']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Viral infection results in massive CD8+ T cell expansion and mortality in vaccinated perforin-deficient mice.
|
Perforin-mediated cytotoxicity is essential for clearance of primary LCMV infection. BALB/c-perforin-deficient (PKO) mice survived LCMV infection by deleting NP(118)-specific CD8(+) T cells whereas vaccination of PKO mice with Listeria expressing NP(118) generated a stable memory CD8(+) T cell population. However, >85% of vaccinated BALB/c-PKO mice died after LCMV infection. Mortality was associated with enormous expansion of NP(118)-specific CD8(+) T cells in both lymphoid and nonlymphoid tissues and aberrant CD8(+) T cell cytokine production. Depletion of CD8(+) T cells or treatment with anti-IFNgamma antibody rescued vaccinated mice from mortality. Thus, perforin was essential for resistance to secondary LCMV infection, and, in the absence of perforin, vaccination resulted in lethal disease mediated by dysregulated CD8(+) T cell expansion and cytokine production.
|
['Animals', 'CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes', 'Cytokines', 'Homeostasis', 'Immunophenotyping', 'Listeria monocytogenes', 'Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis', 'Membrane Glycoproteins', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred BALB C', 'Mice, Knockout', 'Nucleoproteins', 'Peptide Fragments', 'Perforin', 'Pore Forming Cytotoxic Proteins', 'Vaccination', 'Vaccines, Synthetic', 'Viral Vaccines']
| 12,705,850
|
[['B01.050'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.569.220', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.220', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.220'], ['D12.644.276.374', 'D12.776.467.374', 'D23.529.374'], ['G07.410'], ['E01.370.225.812.447', 'E05.200.812.447', 'E05.478.594.450'], ['B03.353.500.500.500', 'B03.510.100.500.500', 'B03.510.460.400.410.485.500'], ['C01.207.245.500.500', 'C01.925.182.550.500', 'C01.925.782.082.580', 'C10.228.228.245.500.500', 'C10.228.614.400.500'], ['D12.776.395.550', 'D12.776.543.550'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.338', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.338'], ['B01.050.050.136.500.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.455', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800.500'], ['D12.776.664'], ['D12.644.541'], ['D12.776.543.695.875'], ['D12.776.543.695'], ['E02.095.465.425.400.530.890', 'E05.478.550.600.890', 'N02.421.726.758.310.890', 'N06.850.780.200.425.900', 'N06.850.780.680.310.890'], ['D12.776.828.868', 'D20.215.894.865', 'D23.050.865'], ['D20.215.894.899']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Talin1 is required for cardiac Z-disk stabilization and endothelial integrity in zebrafish.
|
Talin (tln) binds and activates integrins to couple extracellular matrix-bound integrins to the cytoskeleton; however, its role in heart development is not well characterized. We identified the defective gene and the resulting cardiovascular phenotypes in zebrafish tln1(fl02k) mutants. The ethylnitrosourea-induced fl02k mutant showed heart failure, brain hemorrhage, and diminished cardiac and vessel lumens at 52 h post fertilization. Positional cloning revealed a nonsense mutation of tln1 in this mutant. tln1, but neither tln2 nor -2a, was dominantly expressed in the heart and vessels. Unlike tln1 and -2 in the mouse heart, the unique tln1 expression in the heart enabled us, for the first time, to determine the critical roles of Tln1 in the maintenance of cardiac sarcomeric Z-disks and endothelial/endocardial cell integrity, partly through regulating F-actin networks in zebrafish. The similar expression profiles of tln1 and integrin â1b (itgb1b) and synergistic function of the 2 genes revealed that itgb1b is a potential partner for tln1 in the stabilization of cardiac Z-disks and vessel lumens. Taken together, the results of this work suggest that Tln1-mediated Itgâ1b plays a crucial role in maintaining cardiac sarcomeric Z-disks and endothelial/endocardial cell integrity in zebrafish and may also help to gain molecular insights into congenital heart diseases.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Animals', 'Endothelium, Vascular', 'Heart', 'Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells', 'Humans', 'Integrin beta1', 'Mice', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Mutation', 'Sequence Homology, Amino Acid', 'Talin', 'Zebrafish']
| 26,310,270
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['B01.050'], ['A07.015.700.500', 'A10.272.491.355'], ['A07.541'], ['A11.436.275.682'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.408.200.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G05.365.590'], ['G02.111.810.200', 'G05.810.200'], ['D12.776.220.985'], ['B01.050.150.900.493.200.244.828']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Early Detection of Colorectal Cancer: a Multi-Center Pre-Clinical Case Cohort Study for Validation of a Combined DNA Stool Test.
|
BACKGROUND: Although colonoscopy-based screening has proven to be highly effective in detecting colorectal cancer (CRC), participation rates remain disappointing. Development of CRC is associated with a number of genetic or somatic mutations. New, non-invasive stool tests are currently being developed based on the detection of these alterations. We investigated if a non-invasive stool assay can offer sufficient sensitivity and specificity to supplement colonoscopy-based screening.METHODS: We compared a combined stool assay, which incorporates fecal occult blood testing (FOBT), quantification of human DNA (hDNA) as well as detection of genetic mutations of KRAS and BRAF (Combined DNA stool assay), with commercially available FOBT and M2-PK tests in a multi-centric six-armed pre-clinical case cohort study. Seven hundred thirty-four patients were recruited prior to elective/screening colonoscopy or prior to surgery in case of a recent CRC diagnosis. According to clinical assessment and colonoscopy/histology results, the following groups were assigned: controls, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), hyperplastic polyps, adenomas, and CRC. Finally, 566 out of 734 patients (77.1%) were screened for CRC and overall gut status via colonoscopy, FOBT, M2-PK, with combined FOBT/M2-PK and the Combined DNA stool assay as described here.RESULTS: All sensitivities and specificities are measured against histologically confirmed results by colonoscopy. Confirmed sensitivities for detecting colorectal cancer were 68% with FOBT, 83% with M2-PK, 90% with combined FOBT and M2-PK, and 85% with the Combined DNA stool assay. Specificities were 96% with FOBT, 61% with M2-PK, 62% with combined FOBT and M2-PK, and 92% with the Combined DNA stool assay in the control group with no pathological findings during colonoscopy.CONCLUSIONS: The Combined DNA stool assay detects CRC with a significantly higher Youden Index than the other reviewed non-invasive screening options. The results also suggest that the Combined DNA stool assay represents a reliable assay for detecting colorectal cancer, sufficient to be recommended as a supplement to colonoscopy screening.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Cohort Studies', 'Colonoscopy', 'Colorectal Neoplasms', 'DNA, Neoplasm', 'Early Detection of Cancer', 'Feces', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Mass Screening', 'Middle Aged', 'Mutation', 'Occult Blood', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras)', 'Sensitivity and Specificity']
| 30,336,540
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['E01.370.372.250.250.200', 'E01.370.388.250.250.250.160', 'E04.210.240.250.160', 'E04.502.250.250.250.160'], ['C04.588.274.476.411.307', 'C06.301.371.411.307', 'C06.405.249.411.307', 'C06.405.469.158.356', 'C06.405.469.491.307', 'C06.405.469.860.180'], ['D13.444.308.425'], ['E01.390.500'], ['A12.459'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.500', 'E05.318.308.980.438.580', 'N02.421.726.233.443', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.580', 'N06.850.780.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G05.365.590'], ['E01.370.225.925', 'E05.200.925'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.559.842.374', 'D12.644.360.400.842.374', 'D12.776.476.400.842.437', 'D12.776.624.664.700.204.200'], ['D08.811.277.040.330.300.400.500.600', 'D12.644.360.525.500.600', 'D12.776.157.325.515.500.600', 'D12.776.476.525.500.600', 'D12.776.624.664.700.200'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Prevalence and consequences of nocturnal hypoglycemia among conventionally treated children with diabetes mellitus.
|
To determine the prevalence and predictors of, and the glucose responses after, nocturnal hypoglycemia, we studied 135 pediatric patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus on 388 nights. The frequencies of blood glucose values less than 60, 50, and 40 mg/dl (3.3, 2.8, and 2.2 mmol/L) at 2 AM were 14.4%, 7.0%, and 2.1%, and at 6 AM were 6.7%, 2.6%, and 0.5%, respectively. Longer duration of diabetes, higher daily insulin doses, and lower glycosylated hemoglobin values were all significant but weak predictors of 2 AM hypoglycemia (glucose less than or equal to 60 mg/dl (less than or equal to 3.3 mmol/L). A 10 PM glucose concentration less than or equal to 100 mg/dl (less than or equal to 5.6 mmol/L) was present on 48% of nights with 2 AM glucose values less than or equal to 60 mg/dl (less than or equal to 3.3 mmol/L), but only 24% of nights with 10 PM blood glucose values less than or equal to 100 mg/dl (less than or equal to 5.6 mmol/L) were followed by 2 AM hypoglycemia. After treatment of 70 episodes of 2 AM glucose concentrations less than or equal to 60 mg/dl (less than or equal to 3.3 mmol/L), mean 6 AM glucose concentration was 95 +/- 6 mg/dl (5.7 +/- 0.3 mmol/L) and less than or equal to 100 mg/dl in 68.6%. In only 4.3% of these cases was the 6 AM glucose concentration greater than 200 mg/dl (greater than 11.1 mmol/L). Among patients who experienced 2 AM hypoglycemia, after-breakfast glucose values were not greater on days with 2 AM hypoglycemia than on days without it. These data indicate that 2 AM hypoglycemia is relatively common in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, is frequently preceded by a 10 PM glucose value less than or equal to 5.6 mmol/L, and is less well predicted by other factors. Appropriate treatment of 2 AM hypoglycemia seldom results in either before-breakfast or after-breakfast blood glucose values greater than 200 mg/dl (greater than 11.1 mmol/L). Early-morning hypoglycemia is an uncommon cause of otherwise unexplained, prebreakfast hyperglycemia in children with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
|
['Adolescent', 'Blood Glucose', 'Circadian Rhythm', 'Darkness', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1', 'Eating', 'Energy Intake', 'Glycated Hemoglobin A', 'Humans', 'Hypoglycemia', 'Insulin', 'Prevalence', 'Probability', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Time Factors']
| 2,184,211
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['D09.947.875.359.448.500'], ['G07.180.562.190'], ['G01.590.540.233'], ['C18.452.394.750.124', 'C19.246.267', 'C20.111.327'], ['G07.203.650.283', 'G10.261.330'], ['G07.203.650.240.340'], ['D09.400.430.937', 'D12.776.124.400.405.440', 'D12.776.395.381', 'D12.776.422.316.762.380.440'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C18.452.394.984'], ['D06.472.699.587.200.500.625', 'D12.644.548.586.200.500.625'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['E05.318.740.600', 'G17.680', 'N05.715.360.750.625', 'N06.850.520.830.600'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
An atypical bladder diverticulum presented with recurrent peritonitis: case report.
|
Bladder diverticula develop from congenital detrusor muscle defect and frequently present with urinary tract infection, which occurs as a result of urinary stasis in the diverticula. Different clinical presentations, such as bladder outlet obstruction, cyanosis of the lower extremities, intestinal obstruction, ureteral obstruction (which may occur due to direct diverticular compression), and peritonitis due to spontaneous rupture of the diverticula, were reported previously. Here, we report a case with the diagnosis of bladder diverticulum that caused recurrent generalized peritonitis without perforation and mimicked perforated appendicitis.
|
['Abdominal Pain', 'Child', 'Diagnosis, Differential', 'Diverticulum', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Peritonitis', 'Urinary Bladder Neck Obstruction', 'Vomiting']
| 21,935,839
|
[['C23.888.592.612.054', 'C23.888.821.030'], ['M01.060.406'], ['E01.171'], ['C06.405.205.282.750', 'C23.300.415'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C01.463.600', 'C06.844.640'], ['C12.777.767.700.962', 'C12.777.829.760', 'C13.351.968.767.700.850', 'C13.351.968.829.601'], ['C23.888.821.937']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Computer-aided design of a factor Xa inhibitor by using MCSS functionality maps and a CAVEAT linker search.
|
We have investigated a new approach to efficiently find a novel inhibitor against a serine protease (i.e. an activated coagulation factor X, FXa) by using de novo design programs and the X-ray crystal structure of the target enzyme. FXa is a coagulant enzyme that generates thrombin (a serine protease) and participates in both intrinsic and extrinsic coagulation pathways. We adopted multiple copy simultaneous search (MCSS) and CAVEAT linker search techniques, which disclosed a novel FXa inhibitor (T01312) consisting of two binding moieties (the benzamidinyl and adamantyl groups) and a linker unit (the carboxybenzylamine group). The inhibitory activity of T01312 against FXa was determined to be a small K(i)-value of 48nM, which is two orders of magnitude smaller than that against thrombin. An X-ray crystal analysis of T01312 complexed with trypsin (an analogue of FXa) and docking studies of T01312 with trypsin and FXa showed that: (i) the benzamidinyl group is a predominant binding moiety in the anionic pocket (S1 site) with an asparatic acid residue; (ii) a hydrophobic pocket (S4 site) is the binding site of the adamantyl group; (iii) the carboxylate group of the linker contributes to the selectivity for FXa against thrombin. Thus, the combination of the knowledge of the X-ray crystal structure of the target molecule with MCSS and CAVEAT linker search techniques proved to be an effective hit-finding method that does not require the screening of huge compound libraries.
|
['Antithrombin III', 'Binding Sites', 'Computer Simulation', 'Crystallography, X-Ray', 'Factor Xa', 'Models, Molecular', 'Molecular Structure', 'Protein Conformation', 'Trypsin']
| 12,932,781
|
[['D12.644.861.060.500', 'D12.776.124.790.106.125', 'D12.776.377.715.085.125', 'D12.776.872.060.500', 'D23.113.025'], ['G02.111.570.120'], ['L01.224.160'], ['E05.196.309.742.225'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.760.315', 'D08.811.277.656.959.350.315', 'D12.776.124.125.400.315', 'D23.119.400.315'], ['E05.599.595'], ['G02.111.570', 'G02.466'], ['G02.111.570.820.709'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.760.895', 'D08.811.277.656.959.350.895']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Phenomenological subtypes of mania and their relationships with substance use disorders.
|
OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to determine the distinct clusters of subtypes among patients with bipolar disorder (BD) and the relationship between the clinical features of BD patients, particularly substance use disorders (SUDs) and the clusters.METHOD: The present study initially assessed 96 inpatients who were hospitalized in the psychiatric clinic of Bak?rk?y Prof. Mazhar Osman Training and Research Hospital for Psychiatry and Neurology, for a BD manic episode. All patients were evaluated during the initial 3 days of their admission using the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS), the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS),the Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms (SAPS), the Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test (MAST) and a sociodemographic questionnaire. The factor structures of the psychopathological scale items were determined with factor analyses and based on the factor loadings, cluster analyses were performed. The relationships among the clusters and the clinical variables were then evaluated.RESULTS: The factor analyses generated three factors: increased psychomotor activity, dysphoria, and psychosis. A hierarchical cluster analysis was applied to the three factor loadings, and revealed that factor 1 (increased psychomotor activity) was high in cluster 1 and that the effects of factors 2 (dysphoria) and 3 (psychosis) were high in cluster 2. Within cluster 1 (Psychomotor elevation), 39% of patients were diagnosed with an alcohol use disorder while 31.6% of patients in the cluster 2 (dysphoric-psychotic) were diagnosed with both alcohol and cannabis use disorders. Within cluster 2 (dysphoric-psychotic), 47.4% of patients had one suicide attempt and 21.1% of patients had two or more attempts during their lifetime.CONCLUSION: There was a significant difference in the presence of SUDs between patients with psychomotor elevation and patients in dysphoric-psychotic cluster. This may be point out that pure manic patients with BD self-medicate using the sedative effects of alcohol and the causal relationship between cannabis and psychosis. Using a dimensional approach to study BD may enhance detection of the biological correlates of BD and improve the treatment and outcomes of the disorder.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Bipolar Disorder', 'Cluster Analysis', 'Factor Analysis, Statistical', 'Humans', 'Inpatients', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Psychiatric Status Rating Scales', 'Psychotic Disorders', 'Substance-Related Disorders', 'Suicide, Attempted', 'Young Adult']
| 25,560,193
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['F03.084.500'], ['E05.318.740.250', 'N05.715.360.750.200', 'N06.850.520.830.250'], ['E05.318.740.400', 'N05.715.360.750.350', 'N06.850.520.830.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.643.470'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['F04.711.513.653'], ['F03.700.675'], ['C25.775', 'F03.900'], ['F01.145.126.980.875.600', 'I01.880.735.856.600'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Prototype formation from imaged, kinesthetically, and visually presented geometric figures.
|
The issue of prototype formation from simple geometric figures presented in various modes was studied in four conditions. Base figures and their exemplars were scaled in terms of their physical similarity, which was considered to reflect cognitive similarity. Geometric exemplars were visually presented, imaged by the subject, and kinesthetically presented. Following initial presentation, a recognition task was given in which some old items, some new items, and the prototype (also a new item) were presented in the same modality as originally perceived. The results indicate that prototype formation spans a wide class of human experiences and that internal representations of geometric figures derived from experiences with one modality tend to be second-order isomorphic with similar experiences derived from another modality.
|
['Discrimination Learning', 'Form Perception', 'Humans', 'Imagination', 'Kinesthesis', 'Orientation', 'Pattern Recognition, Visual']
| 528,968
|
[]
|
[]
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Experimental results on the recognition of embryos in human assisted reproduction.
|
The recognition of embryos suitable for transfer in human assisted reproduction is important, and there is evidence that the morphology of the cells may influence the results achievable. A procedure for this recognition problem has been formulated based on morphological attributes of the images of the embryos, and it is therefore useful to compare the recognition of experts with that of a machine programme. The aim of this paper is to compare the precision in the recognition of viable embryos by a group of experts to that of a machine recognition procedure, both for a basic set of embryos and a blind set. Experts were asked to classify the images of 249 embryos transferred to 73 patients, indicated as the training set and another set of 103 embryos transferred to 35 patients called the blind set. A machine programme was used for the same classification. For all the experts the results were statistically not significantly different from independence, which means that viable embryos are not recognized as such for both data sets. Instead, the machine algorithm recognizes in a statistically significant way, the membership class for the embryos submitted. Cell morphology is important for IVF, but differences do not appear to be discernable by the senses, clinical insight, experience and/or training, while classification by machine methods provides more accurate results, which could be improved by enlarging the training set.
|
['Adult', 'Algorithms', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Embryo Transfer', 'Embryo, Mammalian', 'Expert Testimony', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Pattern Recognition, Automated', 'Reproductive Techniques, Assisted', 'Single-Blind Method', 'Tissue Survival']
| 15,149,572
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['E02.875.800.500', 'E05.820.800.500'], ['A16.254'], ['I01.880.604.583.232', 'N03.706.535.253'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.399.750'], ['E02.875.800', 'E05.820.800'], ['E05.318.370.850', 'N05.715.360.325.730', 'N06.850.520.445.850'], ['G16.920']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in the subacromial bursa is increased in patients with impingement syndrome.
|
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which is known to be an angiogenetic factor, plays an important role in the inflammation of synovial tissue. To investigate the relationships between VEGF and clinical symptoms in rotator cuff disease, VEGF expression was examined using RT-PCR and immunohistochemical analysis in 50 patients with this disease (26 with full-thickness cuff tear, 12 with partial-thickness tear, and 12 with subacromial bursitis). VEGF mRNA expression was detected in 40 out of 50 patients by RT-PCR. VEGF mRNA expression was found more frequently in the patients with motion pain (39 out of 41) than in those without motion pain (1 out of 9) with statistical significance (Fisher's test, P < 0.001). Thirty-one out of 33 patients with synovial proliferation showed VEGF mRNA expression, whereas the expression of this transcript was found in 9 out of 17 patients without synovial proliferation. This association with synovial proliferation was also significant (Fisher's test, P = 0.0013). Thirty out of 41 patients with motion pain had synovial proliferation but 3 out of 9 patients without motion pain had synovial proliferation. In all these 30 patients with both motion pain and synovial proliferation, VEGF mRNA expression was detected. This association between motion pain and synovial proliferation was also significant (Fisher's test, P < 0.05). The mean vessel count and area in subacromial bursa expressing VEGF was significantly higher than in those without VEGF (Mann Whitney's U test, P < 0.01). These results suggested that VEGF expression is associated with vascularity, synovial proliferation and shoulder motion pain in the rotator cuff disease.
|
['Acromion', 'Aged', 'Bursa, Synovial', 'DNA Primers', 'Endothelial Growth Factors', 'Humans', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Lymphokines', 'Middle Aged', 'Pain Measurement', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Rotator Cuff', 'Rotator Cuff Injuries', 'Shoulder Impingement Syndrome', 'Shoulder Pain', 'Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A', 'Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors']
| 11,398,859
|
[['A02.835.232.087.783.261'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['A02.835.583.156'], ['D13.695.578.424.450.275', 'D27.720.470.530.600.223.600'], ['D12.644.276.390', 'D12.776.467.390', 'D23.529.390'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['D12.644.276.374.480', 'D12.776.467.374.480', 'D23.529.374.480'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.370.600.550.324'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['E05.393.620.500.725'], ['A02.633.567.912', 'A02.880.700'], ['C26.761.340', 'C26.803.063', 'C26.874.400'], ['C05.550.840', 'C26.803.500'], ['C05.550.091.700', 'C23.888.592.612.094.700', 'F02.830.816.444.350.500', 'G11.561.790.444.350.500'], ['D12.644.276.100.800.200', 'D12.776.467.100.800.200', 'D23.529.100.800.200'], ['D12.644.276.100.800', 'D12.776.467.100.800', 'D23.529.100.800']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Association between somatic cell count after first parturition and cumulative milk yield in dairy cows.
|
The aim was to assess the association between the somatic cell count of parity 1 cows between 5 and 30 days in milk (SCC1), and subsequent cumulative milk yield over approximately two years for cows in English and Welsh dairy herds. The dataset included records from 43,461 cows in 2111 herds, from 2004 to 2006. Cumulative milk yield was the model outcome, and a random effect was included to account for variation between herds. The model fitted the data well and was used to make predictions of cumulative milk yield, based on SCC1. A unit increase in the natural logarithm of SCC1/1000 was associated with a median decrease in cumulative milk yield of 482 kg, over a median study period of 868 days.
|
['Animals', 'Cattle', 'Cell Count', 'Dairying', 'Female', 'Lactation', 'Milk', 'Parity', 'Pregnancy', 'Time Factors']
| 23,920,363
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['E01.370.225.500.195', 'E05.200.500.195', 'E05.242.195', 'G04.140'], ['J01.040.246'], ['G08.686.523', 'G08.686.702.500'], ['A12.200.455', 'A12.790', 'G07.203.100.700', 'G07.203.300.350.525', 'J02.200.700', 'J02.500.350.525'], ['G08.686.677', 'G08.686.784.769.472', 'N06.850.490.812.600'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Pregnant women's experiences, needs, and preferences regarding information about malformations detected by ultrasound scan.
|
OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to explore pregnant women's experiences of received information in relation to fetal malformation detected on ultrasound.METHOD: An exploratory descriptive design was used. Semi-structured interviews with women who continued their pregnancy and women who chose to terminate were audiotaped, the information pathway described, and the text subjected to qualitative content analysis.RESULTS: Most of the women who expected a baby with an abnormality experienced the information given as insufficient, often misleading, conflicting, or incoherent, and sometimes negative. Important factors for interaction between women and caregivers were timing, duration, and manner of the initial dialog and ongoing support. Positive interactions improved the women's ability to understand the information, fostered feelings of trust and safety which reduced their anxiety.CONCLUSION: Women expressed dissatisfaction both regarding the care-givers' methods of giving information and apply for information from different specialists and continuity. The study highlights important factors which may be helpful to the professionals for improving the information to this vulnerable group of women.
|
['Abortion, Eugenic', 'Adult', 'Congenital Abnormalities', 'Empathy', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Interviews as Topic', 'Midwifery', 'Needs Assessment', 'Patient Education as Topic', 'Patient Preference', 'Patient Satisfaction', 'Pregnancy', 'Pregnancy Trimester, Second', 'Pregnant Women', 'Professional-Patient Relations', 'Ultrasonography, Prenatal']
| 22,578,754
|
[['E04.520.050.050'], ['M01.060.116'], ['C16.131'], ['F01.752.355', 'F01.752.543.500.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.420', 'L01.399.250.520', 'N05.715.360.300.400', 'N06.850.520.308.420'], ['H02.478.676.416'], ['I02.594', 'N03.349.380.565', 'N05.300.537'], ['I02.233.332.500', 'N02.421.726.407.680'], ['F01.100.150.750.625.500', 'F01.145.488.887.625.500', 'N04.452.822.700.500', 'N05.300.150.800.625.500'], ['F01.100.150.750.625', 'F01.145.488.887.625', 'N04.452.822.700', 'N05.300.150.800.625', 'N05.715.360.600'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['G08.686.707.490'], ['M01.975.807'], ['F01.829.401.650', 'N05.300.660'], ['E01.370.350.850.865', 'E01.370.378.630.865']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
An active transport system in the blood-brain barrier may reduce levodopa availability.
|
Levodopa, the primary drug used to treat patients with Parkinson's disease, is transported into the brain by the facilitative amino acid transporter (L1). We present here an unanticipated discovery: levodopa may be pumped out of the brain by a Na(+)-dependent transport system that couples the naturally occurring Na(+) gradient existing between the brain's extracellular fluid and the cytoplasm of capillary endothelial cells. The activity of this system reduces the net availability of levodopa.
|
['Animals', 'Biological Transport, Active', 'Blood-Brain Barrier', 'Capillary Permeability', 'Cattle', 'Dopamine Agents', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Endothelial Cells', 'Extracellular Fluid', 'Isoleucine', 'Levodopa', 'Models, Biological', 'Sodium', 'Time Factors', 'Tritium']
| 15,925,365
|
[['B01.050'], ['G03.143.310'], ['A07.035', 'A08.186.211.035'], ['G03.143.330', 'G09.330.165'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['D27.505.519.625.150', 'D27.505.696.577.150'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['A11.436.275'], ['A11.284.295.260', 'A12.207.270'], ['D12.125.070.577', 'D12.125.142.383'], ['D02.092.311.200.480', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.175.200.480', 'D12.125.072.050.685.400.500', 'D12.125.072.050.875.130.500'], ['E05.599.395'], ['D01.268.549.750', 'D01.268.557.650', 'D01.552.528.850', 'D01.552.547.725'], ['G01.910.857'], ['D01.268.406.875', 'D01.362.340.875', 'D01.496.749.925']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Murine hematopoietic stem cell dormancy controlled by induction of a novel short form of PSF1 by histone deacetylase inhibitors.
|
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) can survive long-term in a state of dormancy. Little is known about how histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) affect HSC kinetics. Here, we use trichostatin A (TSA), a histone deacetylase inhibitor, to enforce histone acetylation and show that this suppresses cell cycle entry by dormant HSCs. Previously, we found that haploinsufficiency of PSF1, a DNA replication factor, led to attenuation of the bone marrow (BM) HSC pool size and lack of acute proliferation after 5-FU ablation. Because PSF1 protein is present in CD34(+) transiently amplifying HSCs but not in CD34(-) long-term reconstituting-HSCs which are resting in a dormant state, we analyzed the relationship between dormancy and PSF1 expression, and how a histone deacetylase inhibitor affects this. We found that CD34(+) HSCs produce long functional PSF1 (PSF1a) but CD34(-) HSCs produce a shorter possibly non-functional PSF1 (PSF1b, c, dominantly PSF1c). Using PSF1a-overexpressing NIH-3T3 cells in which the endogenous PSF1 promoter is suppressed, we found that TSA treatment promotes production of the shorter form of PSF1 possibly by inducing recruitment of E2F family factors upstream of the PSF1 transcription start site. Our data document one mechanism by which histone deacetylase inhibitors affect the dormancy of HSCs by regulating the DNA replication factor PSF1.
|
['ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 2', 'ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters', 'Animals', 'Cell Cycle', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Female', 'Flow Cytometry', 'Hematopoietic Stem Cells', 'Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors', 'Hydroxamic Acids', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'NIH 3T3 Cells', 'Structure-Activity Relationship']
| 25,933,513
|
[['D12.776.157.530.100.075.250', 'D12.776.157.530.450.074.500.500.250.250', 'D12.776.395.550.020.400.305', 'D12.776.543.550.192.400.305', 'D12.776.543.585.100.200.250', 'D12.776.543.585.450.074.500.500.250.250'], ['D12.776.157.530.100', 'D12.776.395.550.020', 'D12.776.543.550.192', 'D12.776.543.585.100'], ['B01.050'], ['G04.144'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['E01.370.225.500.363.342', 'E01.370.225.500.386.350', 'E05.196.712.516.600.240.350', 'E05.200.500.363.342', 'E05.200.500.386.350', 'E05.242.363.342', 'E05.242.386.350'], ['A11.148.378', 'A11.872.378', 'A15.378.316.378'], ['D27.505.519.389.360'], ['D02.092.570.394', 'D02.241.511.372'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['A11.251.210.100.550', 'A11.329.228.100.550'], ['G02.111.830', 'G07.690.773.997']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Global proteomic analysis of brain tissues in transient ischemia brain damage in rats.
|
Ischemia-reperfusion injury resulting from arterial occlusion or hypotension in patients leads to tissue hypoxia with glucose deprivation, which causes endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and neuronal death. A proteomic approach was used to identify the differentially expressed proteins in the brain of rats following a global ischemic stroke. The mechanisms involved the action in apoptotic and ER stress pathways. Rats were treated with ischemia-reperfusion brain injuries by the bilateral occlusion of the common carotid artery. The cortical neuron proteins from the stroke animal model (SAM) and the control rats were separated using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) to purify and identify the protein profiles. Our results demonstrated that the SAM rats experienced brain cell death in the ischemic core. Fifteen proteins were expressed differentially between the SAM rats and control rats, which were assayed and validated in vivo and in vitro. Interestingly, the set of differentially expressed, down-regulated proteins included catechol O-methyltransferase (COMT) and cathepsin D (CATD), which are implicated in oxidative stress, inflammatory response and apoptosis. After an ischemic stroke, one protein spot, namely the calretinin (CALB2) protein, showed increased expression. It mediated the effects of SAM administration on the apoptotic and ER stress pathways. Our results demonstrate that the ischemic injury of neuronal cells increased cell cytoxicity and apoptosis, which were accompanied by sustained activation of the IRE1-alpha/TRAF2, JNK1/2, and p38 MAPK pathways. Proteomic analysis suggested that the differential expression of CALB2 during a global ischemic stroke could be involved in the mechanisms of ER stress-induced neuronal cell apoptosis, which occurred via IRE1-alpha/TRAF2 complex formation, with activation of JNK1/2 and p38 MAPK. Based on these results, we also provide the molecular evidence supporting the ischemia-reperfusion-related neuronal injury.
|
['Animals', 'Apoptosis', 'Cell Line', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Ischemic Attack, Transient', 'Male', 'Neurons', 'Oxidative Stress', 'Proteomics', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley']
| 26,016,499
|
[['B01.050'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['A11.251.210'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['G04.434'], ['G05.308'], ['C10.228.140.300.150.836', 'C14.907.253.092.836'], ['A08.675', 'A11.671'], ['G03.673', 'G07.775.750'], ['H01.158.201.843', 'H01.158.273.180.350.700', 'H01.158.273.343.350.700', 'H01.181.122.738'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Towards a HPC-oriented parallel implementation of a learning algorithm for bioinformatics applications.
|
BACKGROUND: The huge quantity of data produced in Biomedical research needs sophisticated algorithmic methodologies for its storage, analysis, and processing. High Performance Computing (HPC) appears as a magic bullet in this challenge. However, several hard to solve parallelization and load balancing problems arise in this context. Here we discuss the HPC-oriented implementation of a general purpose learning algorithm, originally conceived for DNA analysis and recently extended to treat uncertainty on data (U-BRAIN). The U-BRAIN algorithm is a learning algorithm that finds a Boolean formula in disjunctive normal form (DNF), of approximately minimum complexity, that is consistent with a set of data (instances) which may have missing bits. The conjunctive terms of the formula are computed in an iterative way by identifying, from the given data, a family of sets of conditions that must be satisfied by all the positive instances and violated by all the negative ones; such conditions allow the computation of a set of coefficients (relevances) for each attribute (literal), that form a probability distribution, allowing the selection of the term literals. The great versatility that characterizes it, makes U-BRAIN applicable in many of the fields in which there are data to be analyzed. However the memory and the execution time required by the running are of O(n(3)) and of O(n(5)) order, respectively, and so, the algorithm is unaffordable for huge data sets.RESULTS: We find mathematical and programming solutions able to lead us towards the implementation of the algorithm U-BRAIN on parallel computers. First we give a Dynamic Programming model of the U-BRAIN algorithm, then we minimize the representation of the relevances. When the data are of great size we are forced to use the mass memory, and depending on where the data are actually stored, the access times can be quite different. According to the evaluation of algorithmic efficiency based on the Disk Model, in order to reduce the costs of the communications between different memories (RAM, Cache, Mass, Virtual) and to achieve efficient I/O performance, we design a mass storage structure able to access its data with a high degree of temporal and spatial locality. Then we develop a parallel implementation of the algorithm. We model it as a SPMD system together to a Message-Passing Programming Paradigm. Here, we adopt the high-level message-passing systems MPI (Message Passing Interface) in the version for the Java programming language, MPJ. The parallel processing is organized into four stages: partitioning, communication, agglomeration and mapping. The decomposition of the U-BRAIN algorithm determines the necessity of a communication protocol design among the processors involved. Efficient synchronization design is also discussed.CONCLUSIONS: In the context of a collaboration between public and private institutions, the parallel model of U-BRAIN has been implemented and tested on the INTEL XEON E7xxx and E5xxx family of the CRESCO structure of Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), developed in the framework of the European Grid Infrastructure (EGI), a series of efforts to provide access to high-throughput computing resources across Europe using grid computing techniques. The implementation is able to minimize both the memory space and the execution time. The test data used in this study are IPDATA (Irvine Primate splice- junction DATA set), a subset of HS3D (Homo Sapiens Splice Sites Dataset) and a subset of COSMIC (the Catalogue of Somatic Mutations in Cancer). The execution time and the speed-up on IPDATA reach the best values within about 90 processors. Then the parallelization advantage is balanced by the greater cost of non-local communications between the processors. A similar behaviour is evident on HS3D, but at a greater number of processors, so evidencing the direct relationship between data size and parallelization gain. This behaviour is confirmed on COSMIC. Overall, the results obtained show that the parallel version is up to 30 times faster than the serial one.
|
['Algorithms', 'Animals', 'Computational Biology', 'Computing Methodologies', 'Databases, Nucleic Acid', 'Europe', 'Humans', 'Software']
| 25,077,818
|
[['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['B01.050'], ['H01.158.273.180', 'L01.313.124'], ['L01.224'], ['L01.313.500.750.300.188.400.300.500', 'L01.313.500.750.300.188.400.325.630', 'L01.470.750.750.300.500', 'L01.470.750.750.325.630'], ['Z01.542'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.224.900']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
|
PCAF interacts with tax and stimulates tax transactivation in a histone acetyltransferase-independent manner.
|
Recent studies have shown that the p300/CREB binding protein (CBP)-associated factor (PCAF) is involved in transcriptional activation. PCAF activity has been shown strongly associated with histone acetyltransferase (HAT) activity. In this report, we present evidence for a HAT-independent transcription function that is activated in the presence of the human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) Tax protein. In vitro and in vivo GST-Tax pull-down and coimmunoprecipitation experiments demonstrate that there is a direct interaction between Tax and PCAF, independent of p300/CBP. PCAF can be recruited to the HTLV-1 Tax responsive element in the presence of Tax, and PCAF cooperates with Tax in vivo to activate transcription from the HTLV-1 LTR over 10-fold. Point mutations at Tax amino acid 318 (TaxS318A) or 319 to 320 (Tax M47), which have decreased or no activity on the HTLV-1 promoter, are defective for PCAF binding. Strikingly, the ability of PCAF to stimulate Tax transactivation is not solely dependent on the PCAF HAT domain. Two independent PCAF HAT mutants, which knock out acetyltransferase enzyme activity, activate Tax transactivation to approximately the same level as wild-type PCAF. In contrast, p300 stimulation of Tax transactivation is HAT dependent. These studies provide experimental evidence that PCAF contains a coactivator transcription function independent of the HAT activity on the viral long terminal repeat.
|
['Acetyltransferases', 'Binding Sites', 'CREB-Binding Protein', 'Cell Cycle Proteins', 'DNA, Viral', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Viral', 'Gene Products, tax', 'Histone Acetyltransferases', 'Human T-lymphotropic virus 1', 'Humans', 'Nuclear Proteins', 'Recombinant Fusion Proteins', 'Response Elements', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins', 'Terminal Repeat Sequences', 'Trans-Activators', 'Transcription Factors', 'Transcription, Genetic', 'Transcriptional Activation', 'p300-CBP Transcription Factors']
| 10,567,539
|
[['D08.811.913.050.134'], ['G02.111.570.120'], ['D08.811.913.050.134.415.500.575.249', 'D12.776.930.680.300'], ['D12.776.167'], ['D13.444.308.568'], ['G05.308.385'], ['D12.776.624.664.520.750.480', 'D12.776.964.700.750.480', 'D12.776.964.775.750.480', 'D12.776.964.925.984.410'], ['D08.811.913.050.134.415.500'], ['B04.613.807.200.725.400', 'B04.820.650.200.725.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.660'], ['D12.776.828.300'], ['G02.111.570.080.689.330.700', 'G02.111.570.080.689.675.700', 'G05.360.080.689.330.700', 'G05.360.080.689.675.700', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.750.249.765', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.750.680.765'], ['D12.776.354.750'], ['G02.111.570.080.708.850', 'G05.360.080.708.850'], ['D12.776.260.755', 'D12.776.930.900', 'D12.776.964.925.984'], ['D12.776.930'], ['G02.111.873', 'G05.297.700'], ['G05.308.800'], ['D08.811.913.050.134.415.500.575', 'D12.776.930.680']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Myocardial 201Tl washout after combined dipyridamole submaximal exercise stress: reference values from different patient groups.
|
Dipyridamole stress is favorable in patients unable to exercise maximally for 201Tl myocardial scintigraphy. Aside from an analysis of uptake defects, proper washout analysis can be limited by heart rate variations when isolated dipyridamole stress is used. Heart rate standardized 201Tl washout kinetics after a combined dipyridamole and submaximal exercise stress protocol (CDSE), feasible in elderly patients as well as in patients with peripheral artery disease, were therefore studied to investigate the 201Tl washout after CDSE in differently defined patient groups: Group I comprised 19 patients with documented heart disease and angiographically excluded coronary artery disease (CAD); group II contained 17 patients with a very low likelihood of CAD determined by both normal exercise radionuclide ventriculography and normal 201Tl uptake. Group III comprised 56 patients with a 50% pretest likelihood of CAD but normal 201Tl uptake. Mean washout values were nearly identical in all groups. Despite similar uptake patterns, however, washout standardized by CDSE was significantly lower than the normal washout values after maximal treadmill exercise. Thus an obviously lower 201Tl washout after CDSE than after maximal treadmill exercise must be considered if washout analysis criteria after dipyridamole are applied to evaluate ischemic heart disease. Nevertheless, heart rate elevation achieved by additional submaximal exercise stress seems necessary, adequate and clinically safe for standardisation of washout analysis in dipyridamole 201Tl scintigraphy.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Coronary Disease', 'Dipyridamole', 'Exercise Test', 'Female', 'Heart', 'Heart Rate', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Radionuclide Imaging', 'Reference Values', 'Thallium Radioisotopes']
| 2,920,742
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C14.280.647.250', 'C14.907.585.250'], ['D03.383.742.175'], ['E01.370.370.380.250', 'E01.370.386.700.250', 'E05.333.250'], ['A07.541'], ['E01.370.600.875.500', 'G09.330.380.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.370.350.710', 'E01.370.384.730'], ['E05.978.810'], ['D01.496.749.900']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Gustatory perception and metabolic utilization of sugars by Myrmica rubra ant workers.
|
The suitability of various nectar and honeydew sugars as a food source for the polyphagous ant species M. rubra (L.) was studied. The sugars used included monosaccharides (fructose, glucose, galactose, mannose, rhamnose), disaccharides (sucrose, maltose, trehalose, melibiose, lactose) and trisaccharides (melizitose, raffinose, erlose). Single-sugar solutions were tested on ant workers in a long-term laboratory bioassay in which acceptance of the solutions and ant survival were recorded. The acceptance of the sugars was confirmed in a second bioassay in which feeding time was established. Enzymatic hydrolysis of sucrose, maltose and melibiose was investigated through HPLC analyses of workers fed these disaccharides. Sugar acceptance and feeding time were related to ant survival. Considering the monosaccharide units of which the sugars are composed, fructose seems especially suitable as a short-term energy source, while glucose appears to be used both directly and for storage. The presence of a galactose unit appears to reduce sugar suitability. It is suggested that the workers possess invertase and maltase and to a lesser degree also galactosidase. The gustatory perception is correlated with the profitability of sugars in further metabolic processes.
|
['Animals', 'Ants', 'Carbohydrate Metabolism', 'Feeding Behavior', 'Female', 'Flowers', 'Male', 'Plants, Edible', 'Taste']
| 12,695,902
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.500.131.617.720.500.500.875.205'], ['G02.111.158', 'G03.191'], ['F01.145.113.547', 'F01.145.407', 'G07.203.650.353'], ['A18.024.249.500'], ['B01.650.510'], ['F02.830.816.724', 'G11.561.790.724']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
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