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A prospective evaluation of occult disorders in obstructed defecation using the 'iceberg diagram'.
|
OBJECTIVE: Surgical treatment of constipation and obstructed defecation (OD) carries frequent recurrences, as OD is an 'iceberg syndrome' characterized by 'underwater rocks' or occult diseases which may affect the outcome of surgery. The aim of this study was to evaluate occult disorders in order to alert the clinician of these and minimize failures.METHOD: One hundred consecutive constipated patients with OD symptoms, 81 female patients, median age 52 years, underwent perineal examination, proctoscopy, anorectal manometry, and anal/vaginal ultrasound. Anorectal physiology and imaging tests were also carried out when indicated, as well as psychological and urogynaecological consultation. Symptoms were graded using a modified 1-20 constipation score. Both evident (e.g. rectocele) and occult (e.g. anismus) diseases were prospectively evaluated using a novel 'iceberg diagram'. The type of treatment, whether conservative or surgical, was also recorded.RESULTS: Fifty-four (54%) patients had both mucosal prolapse and rectocele. All patients had at least two occult OD-related diseases, 66 patients had at least three: anxiety-depression, anismus and rectal hyposensation were the most frequent (66%, 44% and 33% respectively). The median constipation score was 11 (range 2-20), the median number of 'occult disorders' was 5 (range 2-8). Conservative treatment was carried out in most patients. Surgery was carried out in 14 (14%) patients.CONCLUSION: The novel 'iceberg diagram' allowed the adequate evaluation of OD-related occult diseases and better selection of patients for treatment. Most were managed conservatively, and only a minority were treated by surgery.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Anxiety Disorders', 'Constipation', 'Defecography', 'Fecal Impaction', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Manometry', 'Middle Aged', 'Patient Selection', 'Prospective Studies', 'Rectal Prolapse', 'Rectocele', 'Severity of Illness Index']
| 17,032,326
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['F03.080'], ['C23.888.821.150'], ['E01.370.350.700.715.250'], ['C06.405.469.531.424'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.559'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.581.500.653', 'N04.590.731'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['C06.405.469.860.800', 'C23.300.842.624.500'], ['C06.405.469.860.810', 'C23.300.707.984'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475.456.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.364.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.364.500']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
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| 0
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| 1
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|
Treatment of perigraft seroma in expanded polytetrafluoroethylene grafts by sequential fibrin sealing of the outer graft surface.
|
BACKGROUND: The recommended standard for treatment of perigraft seroma (PS) is the graft removal and the reconstruction using an alternative prosthesis. We assumed that a fibrin sealing of the outer surface of expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) grafts would prevent leakage and used this technique in the treatment and prevention of PS.METHODS: Over a 10-year period, 24 patients were treated for PS after subcutaneous implantation of ePTFE grafts (14 arterial bypasses and 10 arteriovenous grafts). Affected graft segments were temporarily removed and underwent sequential fibrin sealing technique before reimplantation. In addition, an in vitro experiment was carried out to demonstrate the efficacy of fibrin sealing to prevent leakage through the ePTFE graft wall, after its hydrophobic barrier was destroyed by filling with saline solution under pressure.RESULTS: A cure of PS was observed in 20 patients (84%) at a follow-up period of 37 ± 18 months. A later graft infection was not seen in any patient. The patency rate of reconstructed grafts appears to be unaffected. In the performed experiment we have demonstrated an elimination of leakage through the graft wall by the fibrin sealing technique.CONCLUSIONS: Sequential fibrin sealing of the outer surface is an effective way to treat PS in ePTFE grafts. However, failure of this treatment cannot be precluded. Further studies are necessary that may provide further insights into the causes and best treatment of PS and the possibly important role of PS in the aneurysm enlargement after complete endovascular exclusion with ePTFE endografts.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Blood Vessel Prosthesis', 'Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation', 'Chi-Square Distribution', 'Device Removal', 'Female', 'Fibrin Tissue Adhesive', 'Germany', 'Humans', 'Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions', 'Kaplan-Meier Estimate', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Polytetrafluoroethylene', 'Porosity', 'Prosthesis Design', 'Reoperation', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Risk Assessment', 'Risk Factors', 'Seroma', 'Time Factors', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Vascular Patency']
| 20,800,429
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['E07.695.110'], ['E04.100.814.868.500', 'E04.650.200'], ['E05.318.740.994.300', 'G17.820.300', 'N05.715.360.750.750.200', 'N06.850.520.830.994.300'], ['E04.199'], ['D12.776.124.270.305'], ['Z01.542.315'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G02.409'], ['E05.318.740.998.650', 'N05.715.360.750.795.650', 'N06.850.520.830.998.650'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D05.750.395.616', 'D25.720.395.616', 'J01.637.051.720.395.616'], ['G01.374.710'], ['E05.320.550', 'E07.695.680'], ['E04.690'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.715', 'N04.452.871.715', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.690', 'N06.850.505.715', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.715'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['C23.550.470.640'], ['G01.910.857'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['G09.330.920']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Modulation of a neuronal network by electrical high frequency stimulation in striatal slices of the rat in vitro.
|
The effects of the GABA(A) receptor antagonist bicuculline, the D2-like receptor antagonist sulpiride and the D1-like receptor antagonist SCH-23390 on the electrical high frequency stimulation (HFS)-evoked gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and dopamine (DA) release were measured from slices of the rat striatum by means of HPLC method with electrochemical detection. HFS with 130Hz stimulated veratridine-activated GABAergic neurons resulting in an increased GABA outflow while DA outflow decreased. In the presence of the GABA(A) receptor antagonist bicuculline extracellular GABA and DA outflow were enhanced. When the competitive dopamine D2-like receptor antagonist S-(-)-sulpiride was added to incubation medium, the HFS-evoked stimulatory effect on GABA outflow declined to values found after veratridine (1microM) without HFS. After co-incubation of sulpiride and the competitive D1-like receptor antagonist R-(+)-SCH-23390, the effect of sulpiride on HFS plus veratridine-evoked GABA outflow was completely reversed. Neither sulpiride nor SCH-23390 had any influence on the effect of HFS on veratridine-induced DA outflow. No effect of HFS on glutamate outflow was observed in all experiments. These results led us to suggest that in our model HFS primarily affects GABAergic neurons. These neurons are embedded in a neuronal network with a GABA-dopamine circuit, and thus, HFS interacts with a neuronal network, not only with one neurotransmitter system or one neuron population.
|
['Animals', 'Corpus Striatum', 'Electric Stimulation', 'Female', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Nerve Net', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar']
| 16,310,287
|
[['B01.050'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.249.487'], ['E05.723.402'], ['E05.481'], ['A08.511'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Developing a practice formulary as a byproduct of computer controlled repeat prescribing.
|
We use our office computer to record and issue repeat prescriptions. Each month we look at a printout to see how many times a drug has been prescribed, with the goal of limiting our practice formulary. We have reduced by more than 10% the range of drugs that we use in the practice and have the possibility of knowing dose ranges, actions, interactions, and side effects of all the drugs used in the practice.
|
['Computers', 'Drug Prescriptions', 'Family Practice', 'Formularies as Topic']
| 6,428,523
|
[['L01.224.230.260'], ['E02.319.307', 'N02.421.668.778.500'], ['H02.403.340.500'], ['L01.178.682.192.836.535']]
|
['Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
[Comparing the anchorage effects of micro-implant and J hook on treating patients with maxillary protrusion].
|
PURPOSE: To investigate the differences in anchorage effects between micro-implants and J hook in treating patients with Class II division 1 maxillary protrusion.METHODS: Thirty-one cases of adult patients with Class II division 1 maxillary protrusion were treated. They were divided into 2 groups depending on their selection. The first group included 17 patients for micro-implant anchorage, who adopted micro-implant and sliding mechanism to close maxillary extraction space and depress the mandibular molar. The second group encompassed 14 cases for J hook, who adopted sliding mechanism, J hooks in high traction and Class II intermaxillary traction to close extraction space. X-ray lateral cephalometric radiographs were measured before and after treatment, and SPSS16.0 software package was employed to compare the differences in soft and hard tissue changes before and after treatment between 2 groups.RESULTS: There were statistically significant differences in SNB, ANB, MP-FH, U1-Y, U6-Y, L6-MP, NLA, and UL-Y between the 2 groups before and after treatment, while there was no significant difference in SNA, U1-SN, U1-X, and U6-X between the 2 groups.CONCLUSIONS: In treating patients with Class II division 1 maxillary protrusion, micro-implant has stronger anchorage effects than J hook, while at the same time depressing the mandibular molars, and making it more favorable to improve Class II faces.
|
['Adult', 'Cephalometry', 'Humans', 'Incisor', 'Malocclusion, Angle Class II', 'Maxilla', 'Molar', 'Orthodontic Appliances']
| 26,598,202
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E01.370.600.024.250', 'E05.041.250', 'N06.850.505.200.100.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A14.549.167.860.425'], ['C07.793.494.630'], ['A02.835.232.781.324.502.645', 'A14.521.645'], ['A14.549.167.860.525'], ['E06.658.453']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
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Prevalence of tardive dyskinesia in a clinic population.
|
The reported prevalence of tardive dyskinesia (TD) widely ranges from 0.5% to 70%. This variability is probably due to many factors, including different patient characteristics, drug treatment exposures, and investigator biases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence, severity, and symptom type of TD in all 646 patients residing in a psychiatric hospital. Each patient was assessed by a psychiatrist and a neurologist with a special rating scale after drug dose had been stabilized for a minimum of 1 week. The overall prevalence was 32%, with a slightly higher rate and more severe symptoms in women. Age positively correlated with increasing prevalence and severity of TD. Psychiatric diagnosis and duration of neuroleptic therapy were not significantly correlated with TD prevalence. The results are generally consistent with the majority of findings in other studies of the epidemiology of TD.
|
['Adult', 'Age Factors', 'Aged', 'Antipsychotic Agents', 'Arousal', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Long-Term Care', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Psychotic Disorders', 'Stereotyped Behavior']
| 2,860,658
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D27.505.696.277.950.040', 'D27.505.954.427.210.950.040', 'D27.505.954.427.700.872.331'], ['F02.830.104', 'G11.561.035'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['C10.228.662.262.500', 'C10.597.350.275', 'C10.720.312', 'C23.888.592.350.275', 'C25.100.750', 'C25.723.705.200'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.760.476', 'N02.421.585.476'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['F03.700.675'], ['F01.145.896']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Laparoscopic clam shell partial fundoplication achieves effective reflux control with reduced postoperative dysphagia and gas bloating.
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BACKGROUND: We describe a novel laparoscopic "clam shell" partial fundoplication, incorporating a modified Toupet with an anterior fundic flap for the management of medically recalcitrant gastroesophageal reflux disease. We hypothesize that this clam-shell-like mechanism allows a dynamic rather than rigid circumferential antireflux barrier allowing effective reflux control (compared with partial fundoplication) with reduced occurrence of postoperative dysphagia, gas bloating and vagal nerve injury (compared with Nissen fundoplication).METHODS: Between November 2002 and May 2006, 140 patients (82 female; mean age, 53 years) underwent this laparoscopic clam shell fundoplication procedure for medically recalcitrant gastroesophageal reflux disease (n = 94) or large paraesophageal hernias (n = 46). Preoperative invasive studies (endoscopy, manometry, pH monitoring) and noninvasive studies (barium swallow and radionuclide gastroesophageal motility) revealed esophageal dysmotility in 26 patients. Routine barium swallow and radionuclide studies were performed 6 months postoperatively and then at yearly intervals.RESULTS: There was no mortality or conversions to open procedures. Mean operative time was 45 minutes; median hospital stay was 1 day (range, 1 to 4). Overall control of reflux symptoms was seen in 95% of patients. Postoperative gas bloating and significant dysphagia occurred in only 11% and 6% of patients, respectively. Three patients (2%) experienced postoperative complications (pneumonia, 2; pleural effusion requiring drainage, 1). Postoperative studies demonstrated reflux in 8 patients (5%) and the presence of small hiatal hernias in 5 patients (4%) during a mean follow-up 19 months (range, 7 to 42). Twenty five patients (17%) underwent postoperative esophageal dilation (median dilations, 1; range, 1 to 3) for dysphagia (11 of these patients had preoperative esophageal dysmotility). Five patients underwent repeat fundoplication (recurrent reflux, 2; gas bloating, 1; dysphagia, 2).CONCLUSIONS: Clam shell near-circumferential fundoplication may be considered as an attractive alternative antireflux approach to Nissen fundoplication, particularly among patients at risk for postoperative dysphagia or gas bloating.
|
['Deglutition Disorders', 'Female', 'Flatulence', 'Fundoplication', 'Gastroesophageal Reflux', 'Humans', 'Laparoscopy', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Retrospective Studies']
| 17,954,090
|
[['C06.405.117.119', 'C09.775.174'], ['C23.888.821.360'], ['E04.210.390'], ['C06.405.117.119.500.484'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.388.250.520', 'E04.502.250.520'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C23.550.767'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
A strategy for improving and integrating biomedical ontologies.
|
The integration of biomedical terminologies is indispensable to the process of information integration. When terminologies are linked merely through the alignment of their leaf terms, however, differences in context and ontological structure are ignored. Making use of the SNAP and SPAN ontologies, we show how three reference domain ontologies can be integrated at a higher level, through what we shall call the OBR framework (for: Ontology of Biomedical Reality). OBR is designed to facilitate inference across the boundaries of domain ontologies in anatomy, physiology and pathology.
|
['Anatomy', 'Humans', 'Pathology', 'Physiology', 'Terminology as Topic', 'Vocabulary, Controlled']
| 16,779,118
|
[['H01.158.100'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['H02.403.650'], ['H01.158.782'], ['L01.559.598.400'], ['L01.453.245.945']]
|
['Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
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|
Diffusion kurtosis imaging for differentiating borderline from malignant epithelial ovarian tumors: A correlation with Ki-67 expression.
|
PURPOSE: To investigate the use of diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) in differentiating borderline from malignant epithelial ovarian tumors (MEOTs) and to correlate DKI parameters with Ki-67 expression.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty-two consecutive patients with epithelial ovarian tumors (17 borderline epithelial ovarian tumors, BEOTs; 35 MEOTs) were prospectively evaluated using DKI with b values of 0, 500, 1000, 1500, 2000, and 2500 s/mm2 and standard diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) with b values of 0 and 1000 s/mm2 using a 1.5T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) unit. The kurtosis (K) and diffusion coefficient (D) from DKI and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) from standard DWI were measured, compared, and correlated with Ki-67 expression between the two groups. Statistical analyses were performed using the Mann-Whitney U-test, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, and Spearman's correlation.RESULTS: The K value was significantly lower in BEOTs than in MEOTs (0.55 ± 0.09 vs. 0.9 ± 0.2), while the D and ADC values were significantly higher in BEOTs than in MEOTs (2.27 ± 0.35 vs. 1.39 ± 0.37 and 1.72 ± 0.36 vs. 1.1 ± 0.25, respectively) (P < 0.001). For differentiating between BEOTs and MEOTs, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were 88.2%, 94.3%, and 92.3% for K value; 88.2%, 91.4%, and 90.4% for D value; and 88.2%, 88.6%, and 88.5% for ADC value, respectively. However, there were no differences in the diagnostic performances among the three parameters above (K vs. ADC, P = 0.203; D vs. ADC, P = 0.148; K vs. D, P = 0.904). The K value was positively correlated with Ki-67 expression (r = 0.699), while the D and ADC values were negatively correlated with Ki-67 expression (r = -0.680, -0.665, respectively).CONCLUSION: Preliminary findings demonstrate that DKI is an alternative tool for differentiating BEOTs from MEOTs, and is correlated with Ki-67 expression. However, no added value is found for DKI compared with standard DWI.LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 1 Technical Efficacy: Stage 2 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2017;46:1499-1506.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial', 'Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Diffusion Tensor Imaging', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Image Processing, Computer-Assisted', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Ki-67 Antigen', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial', 'Observer Variation', 'Ovarian Neoplasms', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Young Adult']
| 28,295,854
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C04.557.470.200.295', 'C04.588.322.455.199', 'C13.351.500.056.630.705.350', 'C13.351.937.418.685.350', 'C19.344.410.199', 'C19.391.630.705.350'], ['E01.370.350.825.500.150'], ['E01.370.350.578.750', 'E01.370.350.825.500.150.500', 'E01.370.376.537.500', 'E05.629.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.224.308'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['D12.776.660.625.500', 'D23.050.290.500', 'D23.101.140.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04.557.470'], ['E01.354.753', 'N02.421.450.600', 'N05.715.350.150.675', 'N06.850.490.500.250'], ['C04.588.322.455', 'C13.351.500.056.630.705', 'C13.351.937.418.685', 'C19.344.410', 'C19.391.630.705'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
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|
Measurements of transient membrane potential after current switch-off as a tool to study the electrochemical properties of supported thin nanoporous layers.
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We have studied the potential of chronopotentiometry after current switch-off as a tool for electrochemical characterization of thin supported nanoporous layers. Within the scope of this technique, a thin supported electrochemically active layer is polarized by direct electric current until a steady state is reached. After that, the current is switched-off in a stepwise manner, and the reading of transient membrane potential begins. A linear non-steady-state theory of the method has been developed in terms of a model-independent approach of network thermodynamics. The measurements of transient membrane potential after current switch-off have been carried out in KCl solutions of various concentrations for a commercially available nanofiltration membrane (Desal5 DK). Such membranes consist of micron-thick active (or barrier) nanoporous layers and much thicker (100-200 microm) and coarse-porous supports (the pore size usually is 0.1-5 microm). The reproducibility of the method has been found to be quite reasonable especially in not too dilute electrolyte solutions and at not too short times (> or = 10 ms). The relaxation measurements have been complemented by the measurements of the steady-state membrane potential and by sample measurements of salt rejection in the pressure-driven mode, which enabled us to carry out a self-consistent interpretation of the experimental data. This has revealed, in particular, that the ion rejection mechanism related to the fixed electric charges is not the dominant one in the case of the Desal5 DK nanofiltration membrane. Proceeding from a quantitative interpretation of relaxation patterns, we could also determine some properties of membrane support, namely, the porosity and the salt diffusivity. They have been found to have reasonable values remarkably independent of salt concentration, which confirms the self-consistency of our interpretations.
|
['Electrochemistry', 'Membrane Potentials', 'Membranes, Artificial', 'Models, Chemical', 'Nanostructures', 'Nanotechnology', 'Porosity']
| 16,851,912
|
[['H01.181.529.307'], ['G01.154.535', 'G04.580', 'G07.265.675', 'G11.561.570'], ['D25.479', 'J01.637.051.479', 'J01.637.087.500'], ['E05.599.495'], ['J01.637.512'], ['H01.603', 'J01.897.520.600'], ['G01.374.710']]
|
['Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Immunophenotypical characterization of inflammatory cellular infiltrates in tinea.
|
In order to elucidate the still poorly understood pathogenetic pathways of acute tinea, the inflammatory cellular infiltrates in this infection were analyzed. Lesional punch biopsies were cryostat-sectioned and stained with monoclonal antibodies for immunophenotypization of T cells, B cells, macrophages and activation markers. For each antibody the positively stained inflammatory cells in the dermis and in the epidermis were quantified separately. Most of the dermal mononuclear cells in acute tinea were identified as T helper lymphocytes of the memory type. Furthermore, considerable amounts of Langerhans' cells and macrophages were found, but virtually no B cells. A high proportion of cells expressed markers of activation. Within the epidermis, accumulations of Langerhans' cells and LeuM5+ dendritic macrophages were detected near fungal element. In view of the otherwise rather similar cellular infiltrates in acute tinea and different non-infectious dermatoses, acute tinea may be particularly suitable to study the functional relationship of Langerhans cells and LeuM5+ macrophages.
|
['Acute Disease', 'Antibodies, Monoclonal', 'B-Lymphocytes', 'Humans', 'Immunoenzyme Techniques', 'Immunophenotyping', 'Lymphocyte Activation', 'Macrophages', 'T-Lymphocytes', 'Tinea']
| 1,361,279
|
[['C23.550.291.125'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224'], ['A11.063.438', 'A11.118.637.555.567.562', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.562', 'A15.382.032.438', 'A15.382.490.555.567.562'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.478.566.350', 'E05.478.583.400', 'E05.601.470.350'], ['E01.370.225.812.447', 'E05.200.812.447', 'E05.478.594.450'], ['E01.370.225.812.482', 'E05.200.812.482', 'E05.478.594.530', 'G12.450.050.400.545', 'G12.565'], ['A11.329.372', 'A11.627.482', 'A11.733.397', 'A15.382.670.522', 'A15.382.680.397'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.569', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569'], ['C01.150.703.302.720', 'C01.800.200.720', 'C17.800.838.208.883']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Dietary docosahexaenoic acid affects stearic acid desaturation in spontaneously hypertensive rats.
|
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3) is an n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid which attenuates the development of hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). The effects of DHA on delta-9-desaturase activity in hepatic microsomes and fatty acid composition were examined in young SHR. Two groups of SHR were fed either a DHA-enriched diet or a control diet for 6 wk. Desaturase activity and fatty acid composition were determined in hepatic microsomes following the dietary treatments. Delta-9-desaturase activity was decreased by 53% in DHA-fed SHR and was accompanied by an increase in 16:0 and a reduction in 16:1n-7 content in hepatic microsomes. The DHA diet also increased the levels of eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3) and DHA. The n-6 fatty acid content was also affected in DHA-fed SHR as reflected by a decrease in gamma-linolenic acid (18:3n-6), arachidonic acid (20:4n-6), adrenic acid (22:4n-6), and docosapentaenoic acid (22:5n-6). A higher proportion of dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid (20:3n-6) and a lower proportion of 20:4n-6 is indicative of impaired delta-5-desaturase activity. The alterations in fatty acid composition and metabolism may contribute to the antihypertensive effect of DHA previously reported.
|
['Animals', 'Diet', 'Docosahexaenoic Acids', 'Fatty Acids', 'Male', 'Microsomes, Liver', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred SHR', 'Stearic Acids', 'Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase']
| 11,026,622
|
[['B01.050'], ['G07.203.650.240'], ['D10.212.302.380.410.210', 'D10.251.355.337.250', 'D10.627.430.450.375'], ['D10.251'], ['A11.284.835.540.541'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760.300', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400.300'], ['D10.251.882'], ['D08.811.682.690.708.392.625']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Fracture treatment for the multiply injured patient.
|
Multiply injured patients are benefited by an intradisciplinary approach to treatment. Consultants provide expertise in the treatment of particular injured systems. Resuscitation and diagnostic evaluation are life-saving priorities of treatment in the emergency room. Definitive surgical treatment of body cavity injury is combined with careful monitoring while the patient is under anesthesia. The orthopaedic surgeon's responsibility then is to stabilize the fractures, thus minimizing the risk of infection, lung failure, and debilitation so that the patient may be gotten out of bed and rehabilitation started. Prolonged recumbency is probably the worst thing that can happen to a traumatized patient. The goal of fracture treatment is bone union without infection and with stable soft tissue coverage and normal motion of associated joints. It is important to realize that in these multiply injured people, fractures of the femoral or tibial shafts and unstable pelvic fractures threaten survival and should be surgically treated as soon as feasible. The operative treatment of fractures of the humerus, forearm, knee, and ankle can be addressed on an emergent basis. The condition of the skin around the ankle and knee influences the timing of surgery; a 24-hour delay may preclude surgery for weeks because of swelling and blisters. Orthopaedic surgeons now are beginning to understand the concepts of spine instability and have devices to stabilize the fractures. We think that unstable fractures should be given the same priority that fractures of major long bones receive. Free vascularized tissue provides excellent coverage when skin loss occurs over the distal two-thirds of tibial fractures.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
|
['Critical Care', 'Femoral Fractures', 'Forearm Injuries', 'Fracture Fixation', 'Fractures, Bone', 'Humans', 'Humeral Fractures', 'Monitoring, Physiologic', 'Orthopedic Fixation Devices', 'Pelvic Bones', 'Tibial Fractures', 'Wounds and Injuries']
| 3,819,400
|
[['E02.760.190', 'N02.421.585.190'], ['C26.404.061', 'C26.558.276'], ['C26.088.268'], ['E04.555.300'], ['C26.404'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C26.088.390', 'C26.404.500'], ['E01.370.520'], ['E07.858.442.660', 'E07.858.690.725'], ['A02.835.232.043.825'], ['C26.404.875', 'C26.558.857'], ['C26']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Expression profiling in transgenic FVB/N embryonic stem cells overexpressing STAT3.
|
BACKGROUND: The transcription factor STAT3 is a downstream target of the LIF signalling cascade. LIF signalling or activation is sufficient to maintain embryonic stem (ES) cells in an undifferentiated and pluripotent state. To further investigate the importance of STAT3 in the establishment of ES cells we have in a first step derived stable pluripotent embryonic stem cells from transgenic FVB mice expressing a conditional tamoxifen dependent STAT3-MER fusion protein. In a second step, STAT3-MER overexpressing cells were used to identify STAT3 pathway-related genes by expression profiling in order to identify new key-players involved in maintenance of pluripotency in ES cells.RESULTS: Transgenic STAT3-MER blastocysts yielded pluripotent germline-competent ES cells at a high frequency in the absence of LIF when established in tamoxifen-containing medium. Expression profiling of tamoxifen-induced transgenic FVB ES cell lines revealed a set of 26 genes that were markedly up- or down-regulated when compared with wild type cells. The expression of four of the up-regulated genes (Hexokinase II, Lefty2, Pramel7, PP1rs15B) was shown to be restricted to the inner cell mass (ICM) of the blastocysts. These differentially expressed genes represent potential candidates for the maintenance of pluripotency of ES cells. We finally overexpressed two candidate genes, Pem/Rhox5 and Pramel7, in ES cells and demonstrated that their overexpression is sufficient for the maintenance of expression of ES cell markers as well as of the typical morphology of pluripotent ES cells in absence of LIF.CONCLUSION: Overexpression of STAT3-MER in the inner cell mass of blastocyst facilitates the establishment of ES cells and induces the upregulation of potential candidate genes involved in the maintenance of pluripotency. Two of them, Pem/Rhox5 and Pramel7, when overexpressed in ES cells are able to maintain the embryonic stem cells in a pluripotent state in a LIF independent manner as STAT3 or Nanog.
|
['Animals', 'Blastocyst Inner Cell Mass', 'Cell Line', 'DNA-Binding Proteins', 'Embryonic Stem Cells', 'Gene Expression', 'Gene Expression Profiling', 'Homeodomain Proteins', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'In Situ Hybridization', 'Mice', 'Mice, Transgenic', 'Nanog Homeobox Protein', 'Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis', 'Pluripotent Stem Cells', 'Receptors, Estrogen', 'STAT3 Transcription Factor', 'Transcription Factors']
| 18,500,982
|
[['B01.050'], ['A16.254.500.533'], ['A11.251.210'], ['D12.776.260'], ['A11.872.700.250'], ['G05.297'], ['E05.393.332'], ['D12.776.260.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.670.325', 'E01.370.225.750.600.670.325', 'E05.200.500.620.670.325', 'E05.200.750.600.670.325', 'E05.393.661.475'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.136.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800'], ['D12.776.260.400.530', 'D12.776.930.542'], ['E05.393.661.640', 'E05.393.760.640', 'E05.588.570.660', 'E05.601.640'], ['A11.872.700'], ['D12.776.826.750.350', 'D12.776.930.778.350'], ['D12.644.360.024.342.300', 'D12.776.157.057.186.300', 'D12.776.476.024.430.300', 'D12.776.930.840.300'], ['D12.776.930']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Circulating microRNA is a biomarker of biliary atresia.
|
OBJECTIVE: The lack of reliable noninvasive diagnostic biomarkers of biliary atresia (BA) results in delayed diagnosis and worsened patient outcome. Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) are a new class of noninvasive biomarkers with encouraging diagnostic utility.METHODS: We examined the ability of serum miRNAs to distinguish BA from other forms of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. BA-specific serum miRNAs were identified using a microfluidic array platform and validated in a larger, independent sample set.RESULTS: The miR-200b/429 cluster was significantly increased in the sera of patients with BA relative to infants with non-BA cholestatic disorders.CONCLUSIONS: Circulating levels of the miR-200b/429 cluster are elevated in infants with BA and have promising diagnostic clinical performance.
|
['Animals', 'Biliary Atresia', 'Biomarkers', 'Cholestasis', 'Diagnosis, Differential', 'Humans', 'Hyperbilirubinemia', 'Infant', 'Mice', 'MicroRNAs']
| 22,732,895
|
[['B01.050'], ['C06.130.120.123', 'C06.198.125', 'C16.131.314.125'], ['D23.101'], ['C06.130.120.135'], ['E01.171'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C23.550.429'], ['M01.060.703'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['D13.150.650.319', 'D13.444.735.150.319', 'D13.444.735.790.552.500']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
[Evaluation of haemostasis and endothelial dysfunction characteristics in patient with community-acquired pneumonia].
|
The article deals with a study of hemostasis (D-dimer soluble fibrin-monomer complex, time fibrin self-assemblance, antitrombin III, fibrinogen), endothelial dysfunction (f. Willebrand and activity of plasminogen activators inhibitor type 1) and CRP in 61 patients with CAP in the day of admission and before discharge from hospital 17 patients had a severe pneumonia, 6 people died. The levels of all markers (except AT-3) were increased on admission and were reduced before discharge, but within the normal range to include only FW, CRP and time fibrin self-assemblance. DD, CRP and PAI-1 were dependent on the severity of the CAP, severity of SIRS and extent of the inflammatory process. The risk of severe pneumonia increased with the level of D-dimer in the onset of the disease more than 2.0 mkg mL(-1) (OR = 21.8, 95% CI: 3.09-154.8), with the results of TP-test less than 0.5 (RR = 2.68, 95% CI: 1.23-5.84), with CRP greater than 200 mg l(-1) (OR = 4.6, 95% CI: 1.87-11.45) and PAI-1 activity more than 30 U l(-1) (OR = 2.05, 95% CI: 0.88-4.74). Rg-CAP outcomes best reflect the level of DD, measured prior to discharge patients.
|
['C-Reactive Protein', 'Community-Acquired Infections', 'Endothelium, Vascular', 'Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products', 'Hemostasis', 'Humans', 'Pneumonia, Bacterial', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Severity of Illness Index']
| 24,749,306
|
[['D12.776.034.145', 'D12.776.124.050.120', 'D12.776.124.486.157'], ['C01.234'], ['A07.015.700.500', 'A10.272.491.355'], ['D12.776.124.270.300', 'D12.776.811.300.290'], ['G09.188.390'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C01.150.252.620', 'C01.748.610.540', 'C08.381.677.540', 'C08.730.610.540'], ['E05.318.370.800.650', 'N05.715.360.325.700.640', 'N06.850.520.445.800.650'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475.456.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.364.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.364.500']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
[Acute subdural hematoma secondary to cerebrospinal fluid drainage during thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR): A case report].
|
We report a case of acute subdural hematoma which occurred following cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drainage during thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) surgery. A 63-year-old woman was scheduled to receive TEVAR for thoracic-abdominal aneurysm extending from the descending aorta (T10) to 15 mm above the celiac trunk. Before the TEVAR operation, a lumbar cerebrospinal drain was inserted at L4-5. CSF pressure was maintained at 10cmH2O throughout the operation. The surgical procedure was completed uneventfully. At the end of the surgery, the attending anesthesiologist recognized an inequality in the patient's pupil size. Emergency CT scan reviewed left acute subdural hematoma. The patient underwent emergency external decompression surgery. The benefits of CSF drainage for spinal cord protection is well established, and ischemia of Adamkiewicz artery is prevented by careful control of CSF pressure. However, the use of CSF drainage has been associated with the risk of acute subdural hematoma. Careful observation for amount of CSF drainage is necessary during thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm repair.
|
['Aorta, Thoracic', 'Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic', 'Celiac Artery', 'Cerebrospinal Fluid', 'Decompression, Surgical', 'Drainage', 'Endovascular Procedures', 'Female', 'Hematoma, Subdural, Acute', 'Humans', 'Intraoperative Complications', 'Middle Aged', 'Stents']
| 22,256,585
|
[['A07.015.114.056.372'], ['C14.907.055.239.125', 'C14.907.109.139.125'], ['A07.015.114.207'], ['A12.207.270.210'], ['E04.188'], ['E02.309', 'E04.237'], ['E04.100.814.529', 'E04.502.382'], ['C10.228.140.300.535.450.400.050', 'C10.900.300.837.600.050', 'C14.907.253.573.400.450.050', 'C23.550.414.838.700.100', 'C23.550.414.913.700.100', 'C26.915.300.490.450.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C23.550.505'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E07.695.750']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Mid-arm lymph nodes dissection for melanoma.
|
An interval node in the upper limb termed the mid-arm node was recently identified. However, its surgical anatomy remains unclear. We report a patient with metastatic melanoma of the mid-arm node and the epitrochlear node at 10 years after removal of the primary tumour from the forearm and therapeutic axillary lymph node dissection. The mid-arm node is located halfway up the upper arm on the medial intermuscular septum, at the site where the brachial vessels, the median nerve and the ulnar nerve run adjacent to each other. The mid-arm node lies adjacent to the basilic vein where lymphatic vessels ascend and converge. This is the first report regarding the surgical anatomy of the mid-arm node.
|
['Diagnostic Imaging', 'Forearm', 'Humans', 'Lymph Node Excision', 'Lymphatic Metastasis', 'Lymphatic Vessels', 'Male', 'Melanoma', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasm Recurrence, Local', 'Skin Neoplasms']
| 20,227,935
|
[['E01.370.350'], ['A01.378.800.585'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E04.446'], ['C04.697.650.560', 'C23.550.727.650.560'], ['A15.382.520.301'], ['C04.557.465.625.650.510', 'C04.557.580.625.650.510', 'C04.557.665.510'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04.697.655', 'C23.550.727.655'], ['C04.588.805', 'C17.800.882']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Detection of Neospora caninum in an aborted goat foetus.
|
In Italy Neospora caninum has been reported in cattle, in buffaloes and in dogs. No data are available about the infection in sheep and goats. In this paper, the authors report the detection of protozoan cysts, identified as N. caninum by PCR, in the brain of an aborted goat foetus.
|
['Aborted Fetus', 'Abortion, Veterinary', 'Animals', 'Brain', 'Coccidiosis', 'DNA, Protozoan', 'Female', 'Goat Diseases', 'Goats', 'Neospora', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Pregnancy', 'RNA, Ribosomal, 18S']
| 15,325,053
|
[['A16.378.099'], ['C13.703.039.422', 'C22.021'], ['B01.050'], ['A08.186.211'], ['C01.610.752.250'], ['D13.444.308.442'], ['C22.405'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.513'], ['B01.043.075.189.250.750.550'], ['E05.393.620.500'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['D13.444.735.686.675']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The prevalence and perceived aetiology of male sexual problems in a non-clinical sample.
|
One hundred and nine men (38 per cent single, 48 per cent married) participated in a survey of the prevalence of erectile and ejaculatory difficulty in a non-clinical sample. Perceived aetiology of erectile difficulty was also investigated. Twenty-three per cent of the sample were currently experiencing sexual problems, with ejaculatory difficulty approximately three times as prevalent as erectile difficulty. Nearly one-quarter had experienced erection difficulties at some time and, of these, 68 per cent had remitted without formal treatment. Most frequently cited 'causes' of erectile difficulty were 'psychological' rather than 'physical', 'practical' or specifically 'sexual,' with relationship factors including communication between partners being perceived as particularly important. The presence of erectile and/or ejaculatory difficulty was related to sexual dissatisfaction but not to ratings of relationship happiness. Men having sexual relationships outside their permanent relationship found their partner less sexually attractive and rated themselves as less happy than those men not having affairs but the two groups did not differ in terms of presence of sexual difficulty or sexual dissatisfaction. The limitations of a sample biased towards younger, more educated men, are discussed.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Communication', 'Ejaculation', 'Erectile Dysfunction', 'Extramarital Relations', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Penile Erection', 'Personal Satisfaction', 'United Kingdom']
| 3,801,344
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['F01.145.209', 'L01.143'], ['G08.686.784.084'], ['C12.294.644.486', 'F03.835.400'], ['F01.145.802.295'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G08.686.784.717'], ['F01.145.677'], ['Z01.542.363']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
|
Prevalence of hyperinsulinaemia in patients with high blood pressure.
|
A total of 41 patients with hypertension were identified in a survey of 732 healthy factory workers. Twenty-three of these individuals were receiving antihypertensive medication, whereas 18 cases were newly discovered. Plasma glucose and insulin responses to oral glucose and fasting plasma triglyceride (TG), cholesterol, and high-density-lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol concentrations of these 41 individuals were compared with those of 41 other factor workers, with normal blood pressure, matched with the hypertensive group in terms of gender, age, degree of obesity, job in the factory, and leisure-time activity. Patients with hypertension had significantly higher plasma glucose (P less than 0.05) and insulin (P less than 0.05) concentrations in response to oral glucose, as well as a higher plasma TG concentration (P less than 0.05). Similar findings were obtained when the treated and untreated hypertensive groups were analysed separately and compared with their respective control groups. However, there were no differences between the treated and untreated hypertensive groups. Ninety per cent of the normotensive group had a plasma insulin concentration of less than 500 pmol l-1 2 h after the glucose load. Using this value as the criterion for definition of hyperinsulinaemia, 41% of the patients with high blood pressure were hyperinsulinaemic. In addition to meeting this cut-off point, the patients with hypertension and hyperinsulinaemia were also glucose intolerant and dyslipidaemic. In conclusion, approximately 50% of an unselected group of patients with hypertension were hyperinsulinaemic. Insulin levels were comparable in treated and untreated patients with high blood pressure, and hyperinsulinaemic patients also tended to be glucose intolerant and dyslipidaemic.
|
['Blood Glucose', 'Cholesterol', 'Female', 'Glucose Tolerance Test', 'Humans', 'Hyperinsulinism', 'Hypertension', 'Hypertriglyceridemia', 'Insulin', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Prevalence']
| 1,556,520
|
[['D09.947.875.359.448.500'], ['D04.210.500.247.222.284', 'D04.210.500.247.808.197', 'D10.570.938.208'], ['E01.370.225.124.100.355', 'E01.370.374.355', 'E05.200.124.100.355'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C18.452.394.968'], ['C14.907.489'], ['C18.452.584.500.500.851'], ['D06.472.699.587.200.500.625', 'D12.644.548.586.200.500.625'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Influence of risk factors on peripheral and cerebrovascular disease in men with coronary artery disease, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, and desirable low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. HIT Investigators. Department of Veterans Affairs HDL Intervention Trial.
|
BACKGROUND: The Veterans Administration-HDL Intervention Trial is an ongoing, 20-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study aiming to assess the effect of gemfibrozil-improved low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality rates.METHODS AND RESULTS: Eligible patients were men with low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and demonstrable coronary heart disease. A total of 2531 patients (average age 63.5 years) were randomly assigned in this study, with a mean high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level of 0.83 mmol/L (32 mg/dL) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level of 2.87 mmol/L (111 mg/dL). Baseline data provided the opportunity to assess the interaction of several coronary heart disease risk factors and comorbid vascular diseases. Of these patients, 206 had diabetes mellitus (DM) alone, 1021 had hypertension (HTN) alone, 421 had both DM and HTN, and 883 had neither ("others"). Considering the influence of these risk factors on comorbidities independent of smoking status, patients with DM alone had a 2-fold increase in the prevalence of peripheral vascular disease and a 1.5-fold increase in congestive heart failure. Patients with HTN had a significant increase in the prevalence of cerebrovascular disease, stroke, and congestive heart failure. Patients with HTN and DM had a significant increase in all comorbidities. Smoking resulted in substantial increase of both peripheral vascular disease and cerebrovascular disease. Compared with nonsmoking patients with no DM or HTN, patients with DM and HTN and smoking had a 3-fold increase in the prevalence of peripheral vascular disease and a 3.5-fold increase in cerebrovascular disease (P < .001).CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that DM is a strong correlate of peripheral vascular disease, hypertension of cerebrovascular disease, and that there is a strong additive effect between DM, HTN, and smoking on both.
|
['Aged', 'Cerebrovascular Disorders', 'Cholesterol, HDL', 'Cholesterol, LDL', 'Coronary Disease', 'Diabetes Complications', 'Double-Blind Method', 'Hospitals, Veterans', 'Humans', 'Hypertension', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Peripheral Vascular Diseases', 'Risk Factors', 'Smoking', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'United States']
| 9,778,079
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['C10.228.140.300', 'C14.907.253'], ['D04.210.500.247.808.197.238', 'D10.532.432.400', 'D10.570.938.208.270', 'D12.776.521.479.470'], ['D04.210.500.247.808.197.244', 'D10.532.515.500', 'D10.570.938.208.275', 'D12.776.521.550.500'], ['C14.280.647.250', 'C14.907.585.250'], ['C19.246.099'], ['E05.318.370.300', 'E05.581.500.300', 'N05.715.360.325.320', 'N06.850.520.445.300'], ['N02.278.421.510.180.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C14.907.489'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C14.907.617'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['F01.145.805'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Postmortem delay has minimal effect on brain RNA integrity.
|
The Bryan Alzheimer Disease Research Center obtains postmortem human brain tissue from patients with Alzheimer disease (AD) and cognitively normal control subjects for molecular and genetic research programs. A growing body of research suggests that variations in gene transcript levels may contribute to the onset and progression of disease. Identifying how the regulation of gene expression may affect AD requires the use of high-quality mRNA from banked human brains. The present study was conducted to establish the quality and suitability of available banked brain tissue for future gene expression studies. We chose 32 AD cases with Braak stage IV, V, or VI. These AD cases were matched to 36 normal control cases by age and sex when possible. Multiple regions from each brain were sampled, including frontal cortex, temporal cortex, occipital cortex, and cerebellum. Hippocampus was also available for study from 14 control cases. A comparison of several antemortem and postmortem variables, such as postmortem interval, agonal state, ventricular cerebrospinal fluid pH, and cause of death were analyzed. RNA was isolated from at least 1 area from every brain and most brains yielded intact RNA from all regions tested. Analysis of the clinical variables did not reveal any features that correlated with the ability to recover intact mRNA. We conclude that undegraded mRNA may be isolated from most brain regions many hours postmortem and that neither the pH of ventricular fluid nor postmortem interval is predictive of mRNA integrity.
|
['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Alzheimer Disease', 'Brain', 'Female', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Nerve Tissue Proteins', 'Postmortem Changes', 'RNA', 'Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Specimen Handling']
| 18,090,918
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['C10.228.140.380.100', 'C10.574.945.249', 'F03.615.400.100'], ['A08.186.211'], ['G05.308'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D12.776.631'], ['C23.550.260.224.617'], ['D13.444.735'], ['E05.393.620.500.725'], ['E01.370.225.998', 'E05.200.998']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Sequence-specific interactions of the tight-binding I12-X86 lac repressor with non-operator DNA.
|
The tight-binding I12-X86 lac repressor binds to non-operator DNA in a sequence-specific fashion. Using the DNA of the E. coli I gene we have investigated these sequence-specific interactions and compared them to the operator binding of wild-type repressor. The specific, non-operator DNA interactions are sensitive to the inducer IPTG. One strong binding site in the I gene DNA was found to be one of two expected on the basis of their homology with the lac operator. The binding of I12-X86 repressor to this site was visualized using the footprinting technique, and found to be consistent with an operator-like binding configuration. The protection pattern extends into an adjacent sequence suggesting that two repressor tetramers are bound in tandem.
|
['Autoradiography', 'Base Sequence', 'DNA, Bacterial', 'Escherichia coli', 'Lac Operon', 'Repressor Proteins', 'Transcription Factors']
| 7,003,550
|
[['E01.370.225.750.132', 'E05.200.750.132', 'E05.799.256'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['D13.444.308.212'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['G05.360.340.024.686.545', 'G05.360.340.358.207.500.545'], ['D12.776.260.703', 'D12.776.930.780'], ['D12.776.930']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Synthesis and biological evaluation of a focused library of beauveriolides.
|
Fungal beauveriolide III (1b), discovered as an inhibitor of lipid droplet accumulation in mouse macrophages and showing antiatherogenic activity in mouse model, consists of l-Phe, l-Ala, d-allo-Ile, and (3S, 4S)-3-hydroxy-4-methyloctanoic acid moieties. A combinatorial library of beauveriolide analogues focusing on l-Ala and d-allo-Ile of 1b was synthesized by combinatorial synthesis. Among them, d-Ala analogues consisting of A{2} improved their solubility, while those with 7{1,3,2},7{2,3,1}, and 7{2,3,2} were 20 times more potent than 1b.
|
['Alanine', 'Amino Acids', 'Animals', 'Atherosclerosis', 'Combinatorial Chemistry Techniques', 'Depsipeptides', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Isoleucine', 'Lipid Metabolism', 'Macrophages', 'Mice', 'Molecular Structure', 'Sterol O-Acyltransferase', 'Structure-Activity Relationship']
| 18,620,856
|
[['D12.125.042'], ['D12.125'], ['B01.050'], ['C14.907.137.126.307'], ['E05.197.312', 'J01.897.836.249.249'], ['D04.345.566.297', 'D12.644.641.297'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['D12.125.070.577', 'D12.125.142.383'], ['G03.458'], ['A11.329.372', 'A11.627.482', 'A11.733.397', 'A15.382.670.522', 'A15.382.680.397'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['G02.111.570', 'G02.466'], ['D08.811.913.050.799'], ['G02.111.830', 'G07.690.773.997']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Metachromatic leukodystrophy. Report of siblings with the juvenile type of metachromatic leukodystrophy.
|
Two sisters with juvenile metachromatic leukodystrophy are described. The patients were 17 and 20 years old. The younger sister died and an autopsy was performed. The elder sister keeps alive. A sural nerve biopsy of both cases revealed an accumulation of metachromatic lipid granules in the Schwann cells and macrophages. The autopsy also disclosed these granules especially in the brain, gallbladder, kidney and pancreas. A lipid analysis of the cerebral white matter showed sulfatide accumulation that was 1.5 times that of controls. Histochemically, the accumulated lipid was different in the brain from that in other organs. An electron microscopic examination of the accumulated metachromatic lipid granules showed various structures such as concentric lamellar, tuffstone, herringbone and hexagonal honeycomb appearances, and some ultrastructural differences between the nervous system and other organs.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Brain', 'Brain Chemistry', 'Female', 'Histocytochemistry', 'Humans', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Leukodystrophy, Metachromatic', 'Lipids', 'Microscopy, Electron', 'Microscopy, Fluorescence', 'Sural Nerve']
| 3,188,912
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['A08.186.211'], ['G02.111.150', 'G03.185'], ['E01.370.225.500.607', 'E01.370.225.750.551', 'E05.200.500.607', 'E05.200.750.551', 'H01.158.100.656.234', 'H01.158.201.344', 'H01.181.122.573'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['C10.228.140.163.100.362.550', 'C10.228.140.163.100.435.825.850.500', 'C10.228.140.695.625.550', 'C10.314.400.550', 'C16.320.565.189.362.550', 'C16.320.565.189.435.825.850.500', 'C16.320.565.398.641.803.925.500', 'C16.320.565.595.554.825.850.500', 'C18.452.132.100.362.550', 'C18.452.132.100.435.825.850.500', 'C18.452.584.687.803.925.500', 'C18.452.648.189.362.550', 'C18.452.648.189.435.825.850.500', 'C18.452.648.398.641.803.925.500', 'C18.452.648.595.554.825.850.500'], ['D10'], ['E01.370.350.515.402', 'E05.595.402'], ['E01.370.350.515.458', 'E05.595.458'], ['A08.800.800.720.450.760.820.820']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
A sleep/wake circuit controls isoflurane sensitivity in Drosophila.
|
General anesthesia remains a mysterious phenomenon, even though a number of compelling target proteins and processes have been proposed [1]. General anesthetics such as isoflurane abolish behavioral responsiveness in all animals, and in the mammalian brain, these diverse compounds probably achieve this in part by targeting endogenous sleep mechanisms [2, 3]. However, most animals sleep [4], and they are therefore likely to have conserved sleep processes. A decade of neurogenetic studies of arousal in Drosophila melanogaster have identified a number of different neurons and brain structures that modulate sleep duration in the fly brain [5-9], but it has remained unclear until recently whether any neurons might form part of a dedicated circuit that actively controls sleep and wake states in the fly brain, as has been proposed for the mammalian brain [10]. We studied general anesthesia in Drosophila by measuring stimulus-induced locomotion under isoflurane gas exposure. Using a syntaxin1A gain-of-function construct, we found that increasing synaptic activity in different Drosophila neurons could produce hypersensitivity or resistance to isoflurane. We uncover a common pathway in the fly brain controlling both sleep duration and isoflurane sensitivity, centered on monoaminergic modulation of sleep-promoting neurons of the fan-shaped body.
|
['Anesthesia', 'Animals', 'Capsaicin', 'Dopamine', 'Dopaminergic Neurons', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Drosophila Proteins', 'Drosophila melanogaster', 'Drug Resistance', 'Female', 'Isoflurane', 'Locomotion', 'Neuroimaging', 'Neuromuscular Junction', 'Sleep', 'Syntaxin 1', 'Transcription Factors', 'Wakefulness']
| 23,499,534
|
[['E03.155'], ['B01.050'], ['D02.065.690.500', 'D02.455.326.271.690.222', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.099', 'D03.132.760.200', 'D10.251.355.325.190'], ['D02.092.211.215.406', 'D02.092.311.342', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.175.342'], ['A08.675.278', 'A11.671.270'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['D12.776.093.500.462'], ['B01.050.500.131.617.720.500.500.750.310.250.500'], ['G07.690.773.984'], ['D02.355.601.570'], ['G07.568.500', 'G11.427.410.568'], ['E01.370.350.578', 'E01.370.376.537', 'E05.629'], ['A08.800.550.550.550', 'A08.850.550.550', 'A11.284.149.165.420.780.550.550'], ['F02.830.855', 'G11.561.803'], ['D12.776.543.512.249.500.500.700', 'D12.776.543.990.775.500.500.700'], ['D12.776.930'], ['F02.830.104.821', 'G11.561.035.738']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Wireless impedance measurements for monitoring peripheral vascular disease.
|
Wireless microdevices powered by ultrasound energy have been fabricated to measure and telemeter tissue impedance spectrums for applications in peripheral vascular disease monitoring. The system is characterized by simplicity of the implant consisting of only two electrical components. Ex vivo testing shows the potential for constructing tissue impedance spectrum plots over the range from 10 Hz to 10 kHz by a device less than 1 mm in diameter and 1 cm long. The neurostimulator microdevice was powered by continuous waveform 650 kHz ultrasound with a swept-frequency amplitude modulation. The system was operated at safe ultrasound power levels on the order of 10-100 mW/cm(2). The device proved to be sensitive and able to measure tissue impedances over a broad range. Volume conducted signals carrying impedance information from the microdevice were remotely detected by surface biopotential electrodes.
|
['Dielectric Spectroscopy', 'Electrical Equipment and Supplies', 'Electrodes, Implanted', 'Microtechnology', 'Peripheral Vascular Diseases', 'Telemetry', 'Ultrasonics', 'Wireless Technology']
| 25,571,591
|
[['E05.196.867.335'], ['E07.305'], ['E07.305.250.319', 'E07.695.202'], ['H01.570', 'J01.897.520.500'], ['C14.907.617'], ['E01.370.520.750', 'E05.925', 'L01.178.847.675'], ['H01.671.031.849'], ['L01.178.847.950']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Infectious episodes in severely granulocytopenic patients.
|
In a prospective study, 40 episodes of granulocytopenia (granulocytes less than 500/mm3) in 34 patients were analyzed. During 52.5% of these episodes there was proven infection; these infections were present for only 24.4% of the 1,435 granulocytopenic days. The risk of infection and mortality were closely linked with extreme granulocytopenia (granulocytes less than 100/mm3). Of the episodes with severe granulocytopenia (granulocytes 100-500/mm3) only a small number were associated with infections, and mortality was virtually absent in this category. These results implicated a restricted use of supportive measures (e.g. granulocyte transfusions) especially when granulcotye counts are higher than 100 mm3.
|
['Adult', 'Agranulocytosis', 'Anti-Bacterial Agents', 'Bacterial Infections', 'Granulocytes', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Prospective Studies']
| 511,334
|
[]
|
[]
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Fast and accurate average genome size and 16S rRNA gene average copy number computation in metagenomic data.
|
BACKGROUND: Metagenomics caused a quantum leap in microbial ecology. However, the inherent size and complexity of metagenomic data limit its interpretation. The quantification of metagenomic traits in metagenomic analysis workflows has the potential to improve the exploitation of metagenomic data. Metagenomic traits are organisms' characteristics linked to their performance. They are measured at the genomic level taking a random sample of individuals in a community. As such, these traits provide valuable information to uncover microorganisms' ecological patterns. The Average Genome Size (AGS) and the 16S rRNA gene Average Copy Number (ACN) are two highly informative metagenomic traits that reflect microorganisms' ecological strategies as well as the environmental conditions they inhabit.RESULTS: Here, we present the ags.sh and acn.sh tools, which analytically derive the AGS and ACN metagenomic traits. These tools represent an advance on previous approaches to compute the AGS and ACN traits. Benchmarking shows that ags.sh is up to 11 times faster than state-of-the-art tools dedicated to the estimation AGS. Both ags.sh and acn.sh show comparable or higher accuracy than existing tools used to estimate these traits. To exemplify the applicability of both tools, we analyzed the 139 prokaryotic metagenomes of TARA Oceans and revealed the ecological strategies associated with different water layers.CONCLUSION: We took advantage of recent advances in gene annotation to develop the ags.sh and acn.sh tools to combine easy tool usage with fast and accurate performance. Our tools compute the AGS and ACN metagenomic traits on unassembled metagenomes and allow researchers to improve their metagenomic data analysis to gain deeper insights into microorganisms' ecology. The ags.sh and acn.sh tools are publicly available using Docker container technology at https://github.com/pereiramemo/AGS-and-ACN-tools .
|
['Benchmarking', 'DNA Copy Number Variations', 'Databases, Genetic', 'Gene Dosage', 'Genome Size', 'Metagenome', 'Metagenomics', 'Oceans and Seas', 'RNA, Ribosomal, 16S', 'Time Factors']
| 31,488,068
|
[['N04.452.500.150', 'N04.761.685.150', 'N04.761.700.150', 'N05.700.150', 'N05.715.360.650.150'], ['G05.365.795.297.500'], ['L01.313.500.750.300.188.400.325', 'L01.470.750.750.325'], ['G05.380.350'], ['G05.360.340.037'], ['G05.360.340.550'], ['H01.158.273.343.350.261'], ['G01.311.625', 'G16.500.275.725.500.650', 'Z01.756'], ['D13.444.735.686.670'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Chloroplast biogenesis 88. Protochlorophyllide b occurs in green but not in etiolated plants.
|
It has recently been reported that protochlorophyllide (Pchlide) b is an abundant pigment in barley etioplasts but is rather unstable, as it is rapidly converted to Pchlide a by 7-formyl reductase during pigment extraction with conventional 80% acetone (Reinbothe, S., Pollmann, S., and Reinbothe, C. (2003) J. Biol. Chem. 278, 800-806). It has also been claimed that extraction of barley etioplasts with 100% acetone containing 0.1% diethyl pyrocarbonate prevents the conversion of Pchlide b to Pchlide a and leads to the detection of large amounts of Pchlide b in the isolated etioplasts. In this work the extraction protocol of Reinbothe et al. is compared with the more conventional 80% aqueous acetone extraction method. No Pchlide b was detected either in etiolated barley leaves or isolated barley etioplasts irrespective of the extraction protocol. On the other hands, small amounts of Pchlide b were detected in green barley leaves and isolated chloroplasts, extracted either with 80% acetone or 100% acetone containing 0.1% diethyl pyrocarbonate. It is concluded that the proposed occurrence of a light-harvesting POR-Pchlide-a,b complex in etiolated plant tissues is untenable, and its ensuing consequences and implications, for the greening process, are irrelevant.
|
['Acetone', 'Chlorophyll', 'Chloroplasts', 'Diethyl Pyrocarbonate', 'Hordeum', 'Light', 'Photobiology', 'Pigments, Biological', 'Plant Leaves', 'Plant Physiological Phenomena', 'Plant Proteins', 'Plastids', 'Protochlorophyllide', 'Spectrometry, Fluorescence']
| 14,594,820
|
[['D02.522.064'], ['D03.383.129.578.840.374', 'D03.633.400.909.374', 'D04.345.783.374'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.700.140'], ['D02.241.081.420.750.250'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.822.481'], ['G01.358.500.505.650', 'G01.590.540', 'G01.750.250.650', 'G01.750.770.578'], ['H01.158.273.738'], ['D23.767'], ['A18.024.812'], ['G15'], ['D12.776.765'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.700'], ['D03.383.129.578.840.374.725', 'D03.633.400.909.374.725', 'D04.345.783.374.725'], ['E05.196.712.516.600.676', 'E05.196.867.726']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Quantifying the dynamics of coupled networks of switches and oscillators.
|
Complex network dynamics have been analyzed with models of systems of coupled switches or systems of coupled oscillators. However, many complex systems are composed of components with diverse dynamics whose interactions drive the system's evolution. We, therefore, introduce a new modeling framework that describes the dynamics of networks composed of both oscillators and switches. Both oscillator synchronization and switch stability are preserved in these heterogeneous, coupled networks. Furthermore, this model recapitulates the qualitative dynamics for the yeast cell cycle consistent with the hypothesized dynamics resulting from decomposition of the regulatory network into dynamic motifs. Introducing feedback into the cell-cycle network induces qualitative dynamics analogous to limitless replicative potential that is a hallmark of cancer. As a result, the proposed model of switch and oscillator coupling provides the ability to incorporate mechanisms that underlie the synchronized stimulus response ubiquitous in biochemical systems.
|
['Cell Cycle', 'Computer Simulation', 'Models, Biological', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae']
| 22,242,172
|
[['G04.144'], ['L01.224.160'], ['E05.599.395'], ['B01.300.107.795.785.800', 'B01.300.930.705.655']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The dorsoproximal-dorsodistal projection of the distal carpal bones in horses: an evaluation of different beam-cassette angles.
|
To estimate the extent of the third carpal bone (C3) visible for evaluation in the dorsoproximal-dorsodistal oblique projection of the distal row of carpal bones, 13 forelimbs collected at post mortem from 7 horses were examined radiographically. The limbs were frozen with the carpal joints flexed then radiographed using fixed beam-cassette angles of 15 degrees to 45 degrees, at 5 degree intervals. The influence of beam-cassette angle on; the depth of the proximal articular surface examined, the radiographic appearance of C3 and the assessment of subchondral sclerosis was evaluated. Beam-cassette angles of 25 degrees to 40 degrees produced subjectively acceptable radiographs and did not appear to influence assessments of sclerosis. The mean depth of the examined proximal articular surface of the C3 increased significantly with each 5 degree increase in beam-cassette angle up to 40 degrees. The use of beam-cassette angles >35 degrees is recommended for the DPr-DDiO projection.
|
['Analysis of Variance', 'Animals', 'Carpal Bones', 'Female', 'Horse Diseases', 'Horses', 'Male', 'Radiography', 'Sclerosis']
| 10,528,842
|
[['E05.318.740.150', 'N05.715.360.750.125', 'N06.850.520.830.150'], ['B01.050'], ['A02.835.232.087.319.150'], ['C22.488'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.984.235.472'], ['E01.370.350.700'], ['C23.550.823']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Dynamic assessment of cognitive and cardiovascular performance in the elderly.
|
Dynamic measures of cardiovascular and cognitive performance have been used as a preliminary step toward developing predictors of decline in functional performance in older persons. Both batteries use multiple measures to examine the cooperativity of various aspects of performance, and both examine the subject's response to naturally occurring stresses. In these two senses, the measures are dynamic. For the cardiovascular measure we conducted ambulatory monitoring of blood pressure and pulse at 7.5-min intervals over a 24-h period. These parameters were analyzed simultaneously to examine changes in one relative to the others, using spectroscopy. After appropriate filtering, several dominant ultradian rhythms were noted, with periods of 47 min, 180 min and 6 to 8 h, the latter rhythm being present only in subjects aged greater than or equal to 60. A battery of computer-administered cognitive tests was developed to assess reaction time, visual recognition memory and word recognition memory. This testing allows for both a time and performance level grading. The results of the computer battery correspond well with those for standard neuropsychological tests. In general, performance declined with age, and reaction time increased. The computerized tests are faster, more consistently administered, and do not rely on a skilled professional for administration or analysis. They also provide a wide variety of measures that can be used in isolating components of performance. Once the acceptability and tolerance of older subjects toward such testing was established, attention shifted to questions of measurement stability and discriminant validity. Since the project's primary purpose is to predict subtle measures of decline in function, the battery's ultimate test is in its ability to correctly identify those about to change functional status. However, many different measures of status change are possible, and the predictive accuracy will depend on the outcome chosen. Subsequent work will focus on the predictors to refine measures and compare data collected at one point in time with the predictive power of change scores that reflect the individual subject's "signature." By-products of this work include a wealth of longitudinal physiologic and neuropsychologic data on older persons and tools that may be useful to the practicing physician.
|
['Aged', 'Blood Pressure', 'Cognition', 'Female', 'Hemodynamics', 'Humans', 'Language Tests', 'Male', 'Memory', 'Middle Aged', 'Monitoring, Physiologic', 'Neuropsychological Tests', 'Reaction Time', 'Visual Perception']
| 3,744,772
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['E01.370.600.875.249', 'G09.330.380.076'], ['F02.463.188'], ['G09.330.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F04.711.513.240'], ['F02.463.425.540'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.370.520'], ['F04.711.513'], ['E05.796.817', 'F02.830.650', 'F04.669.817', 'G11.561.677'], ['F02.463.593.932']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Macrophage colony-stimulating factor drives cord blood monocyte differentiation into IL-10(high)IL-12absent dendritic cells with tolerogenic potential.
|
Immature dendritic cells (DCs) induce tolerance and mature DCs induce inflammatory immune responses. However, the likelihood of maturation of immature DCs in vivo limits its potential application for suppression of unwanted immune reactions in vivo. The aim of this study was to generate DCs with anti-inflammatory properties in both the immature and mature states. GM-CSF combined with IL-4 drives monocyte differentiation into DCs. As M-CSF is a critical cytokine in development of the monocytic lineage and its level is dramatically elevated in immunosuppressive conditions, we investigated whether M-CSF could replace GM-CSF and generate DCs with distinct functions from umbilical cord blood monocytes. Highly purified umbilical cord blood monocytes cultured with M-CSF and IL-4, in a GM-CSF-independent fashion, differentiated into IL-10(high)IL-12absent cells with a DC phenotype (termed M-DC). Single time stimulation with immature DCs (both M-DCs and DCs) derived from cord blood induced hyporesponsive and regulatory CD4+ T cells. In contrast to mature DCs, mature M-DCs induced decreased Th1 differentiation and proliferation of naive CD4+ T cells in both primary and secondary allogeneic MLR and showed tolerogenic potential. These results demonstrate an unrecognized role for M-CSF in alternative differentiation of monocytes into anti-inflammatory M-DCs and suggest that M-CSF-induced DCs may be of use for suppressing unwanted immune responses.
|
['CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes', 'Cell Differentiation', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Dendritic Cells', 'Drug Synergism', 'Fetal Blood', 'Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor', 'Humans', 'Immune Tolerance', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Interleukin-10', 'Interleukin-12', 'Interleukin-4', 'Isoantigens', 'Lymphocyte Culture Test, Mixed', 'Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor', 'Monocytes']
| 15,814,695
|
[['A11.118.637.555.567.569.200', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.200', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.200'], ['G04.152'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['A11.066.270', 'A11.436.270', 'A15.382.066.270', 'A15.382.670.260'], ['G07.690.773.968.477'], ['A12.207.152.200', 'A15.145.300', 'A16.378.200'], ['D12.644.276.374.410.240.375', 'D12.776.395.240.300', 'D12.776.467.374.410.240.375', 'D23.529.374.410.240.375'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G12.535.425'], ['E05.481'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.510', 'D12.776.467.374.465.510', 'D23.529.374.465.510'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.512', 'D12.776.467.374.465.512', 'D23.529.374.465.512'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.186', 'D12.776.467.374.465.178', 'D23.529.374.465.186'], ['D23.050.705'], ['E01.370.225.812.385.475', 'E05.200.812.385.475', 'E05.478.594.385.429'], ['D12.644.276.374.410.240.500', 'D12.776.395.240.500', 'D12.776.467.374.410.240.500', 'D23.529.374.410.240.500'], ['A11.118.637.555.652', 'A11.148.580', 'A11.627.624', 'A11.733.547', 'A15.145.229.637.555.652', 'A15.378.316.580', 'A15.382.490.555.652', 'A15.382.670.547', 'A15.382.680.547']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Gene transfer by naked DNA into adult mouse brain.
|
Nonviral gene transfer into the central nervous system could provide a basis for therapeutic uses and fundamental research. We show that naked DNA injected intracerebrally into the mouse brain can provide expression of a reporter protein. Expression is dose dependent, being maximal for 150 mu g DNA injected. We observed less than 5 days expression of the luciferase transgene, which is not improved with plasmid preparations virtually free of lipopolysaccharide. Thus, the adult brain behaves as striated muscle for naked DNA uptake and transcription, albeit at a much lower efficiency. In neither adult brain nor muscle did complexation of DNA with cationic lipid improve transgene expression. Double immunolabeling using cell-specific markers shows that both neurons and glia are transfected by naked DNA gene transfer methodology.
|
['Animals', 'Brain', 'DNA', 'Female', 'Gene Transfer Techniques', 'Genetic Therapy', 'Lipopolysaccharides', 'Luciferases', 'Mice']
| 9,156,801
|
[['B01.050'], ['A08.186.211'], ['D13.444.308'], ['E05.393.350'], ['E02.095.301', 'E05.393.420.301'], ['D09.400.500', 'D09.698.718.450', 'D10.494', 'D23.050.161.616.525', 'D23.946.123.329.500'], ['D08.811.682.517', 'D12.776.532.510'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Modelling correlated data: Multilevel models and generalized estimating equations and their use with data from research in developmental disabilities.
|
BACKGROUND: The use of Multilevel Models (MLM) and Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) for analysing clustered data in the field of intellectual and developmental disability (IDD) research is still limited.METHOD: We present some important features of MLMs and GEEs: main function, assumptions, model specification and estimators, sample size and power. We provide an overview of the ways MLMs and GEEs have been used in IDD research.RESULTS: While MLMs and GEEs are both appropriate for longitudinal and/or clustered data, they differ in the assumptions they impose on the data, and the inferences made. Estimators in MLMs require appropriate model specification, while GEEs are more resilient to misspecification at the expense of model complexity. Studies on sample size seem to suggest that Level 1 coefficients are robust to small samples/clusters, with any higher-level coefficients less so. MLMs have been used more frequently than GEEs in IDD research, especially for fitting developmental trajectories.CONCLUSIONS: Clustered data from research in the IDD field can be analysed flexibly using MLMs and GEEs. These models would be more widely used if journals required the inclusion of technical specification detail, simulation studies examined power for IDD study characteristics, and researchers developed core skills during basic studies.
|
['Cluster Analysis', 'Computer Simulation', 'Data Interpretation, Statistical', 'Developmental Disabilities', 'Humans', 'Intellectual Disability', 'Latent Class Analysis', 'Models, Statistical', 'Multilevel Analysis', 'Research Design']
| 29,786,528
|
[['E05.318.740.250', 'N05.715.360.750.200', 'N06.850.520.830.250'], ['L01.224.160'], ['E05.245.380', 'E05.318.740.300', 'L01.313.500.750.190.380', 'N05.715.360.750.300', 'N06.850.520.830.300'], ['F03.625.421'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C10.597.606.360', 'C23.888.592.604.646', 'F01.700.687', 'F03.625.539'], ['E05.318.740.250.338', 'G17.035.625', 'L01.224.050.687', 'N05.715.360.750.200.375', 'N06.850.520.830.250.338'], ['E05.318.740.500', 'E05.599.835', 'N05.715.360.750.530', 'N06.850.520.830.500'], ['N06.850.520.830.562'], ['E05.581.500', 'H01.770.644.728']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Zika virus damages the human placental barrier and presents marked fetal neurotropism.
|
An unusually high incidence of microcephaly in newborns has recently been observed in Brazil. There is a temporal association between the increase in cases of microcephaly and the Zika virus (ZIKV) epidemic. Viral RNA has been detected in amniotic fluid samples, placental tissues and newborn and fetal brain tissues. However, much remains to be determined concerning the association between ZIKV infection and fetal malformations. In this study, we provide evidence of the transplacental transmission of ZIKV through the detection of viral proteins and viral RNA in placental tissue samples from expectant mothers infected at different stages of gestation. We observed chronic placentitis (TORCH type) with viral protein detection by immunohistochemistry in Hofbauer cells and some histiocytes in the intervillous spaces. We also demonstrated the neurotropism of the virus via the detection of viral proteins in glial cells and in some endothelial cells and the observation of scattered foci of microcalcifications in the brain tissues. Lesions were mainly located in the white matter. ZIKV RNA was also detected in these tissues by real-time-polymerase chain reaction. We believe that these findings will contribute to the body of knowledge of the mechanisms of ZIKV transmission, interactions between the virus and host cells and viral tropism.
|
['Adult', 'Amniotic Fluid', 'Brain', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical', 'Male', 'Microcephaly', 'Placenta', 'Pregnancy', 'RNA, Viral', 'Viral Tropism', 'Zika Virus', 'Zika Virus Infection']
| 27,143,490
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['A12.098', 'A16.378.149'], ['A08.186.211'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['N06.850.335.875'], ['C05.660.207.620', 'C10.500.507.400.500', 'C16.131.621.207.620', 'C16.131.666.507.400.500'], ['A16.710'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['D13.444.735.828'], ['G06.099.925', 'G06.920.863'], ['B04.820.578.344.350.995'], ['C01.920.500.990', 'C01.925.081.990', 'C01.925.782.350.250.990']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Reduction of matrix interferences by the combination of chaotropic salt and DMSO in a broadly applicable target-based ELISA for pharmacokinetic studies of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies.
|
Use of a synergistic effect of DMSO together with a chaotropic salt (NaSCN or MgCl2) allowed to drastically reduce matrix interferences in an ELISA for therapeutic monoclonal antibodies. Optimum combinations were found to be 0.4 M NaSCN together with 10.0% DMSO, and 1.0 M MgCl2 with 15.0% DMSO. At this optimum combination, quality controls spiked with mAb at 50.0 ng/ml in eighteen individual human sera and plasmas were quantified with an overall accuracy of 102.0%. All of these QCs fulfilled the acceptance criteria of 80.0-120.0% accuracy and precision below 20.0%. The assay was also successfully applied to the quantification of two other mAbs in human serum. Furthermore, the use of the assay was extended to pre-clinical species (cynomolgus monkey and rat serum). Here, the performed validation experiments confirmed the utility of the assay and demonstrated that the assay allowed quantification of mAb from 50.0 ng/ml to 100.0 microg/ml in cynomolgus monkey serum. The method has then been applied to a pharmacokinetic study in cynomolgus monkeys. In summary, this work demonstrates the efficacy of the combination of a chaotropic salt with DMSO to minimize matrix interferences in an ELISA. The robustness thus obtained allowed the successful establishment of a cost effective, target-based ELISA format for use in pharmacokinetic studies, that is easily applicable for the quantification of mAbs in various matrices such as human, cynomolgus monkey or rat serum and plasma.
|
['Animals', 'Antibodies, Monoclonal', 'Biotin', 'Chemistry, Pharmaceutical', 'Dimethyl Sulfoxide', 'Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay', 'Humans', 'Macaca fascicularis', 'Rats', 'Recombinant Proteins', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Salts', 'Solvents', 'Technology, Pharmaceutical']
| 19,608,373
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224'], ['D03.383.129.308.080', 'D08.211.096'], ['H01.158.703.007', 'H01.181.466'], ['D02.886.640.150'], ['E05.478.566.350.170', 'E05.478.566.380.360', 'E05.478.583.400.170', 'E05.601.470.350.170', 'E05.601.470.380.360'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.199.120.510.520'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['D12.776.828'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['D01.786'], ['D27.720.844'], ['E05.916', 'J01.897.836']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Distal locking using an electromagnetic field-guided computer-based real-time system for orthopaedic trauma patients.
|
OBJECTIVES: To compare the efficacy of distal interlocking during intramedullary nailing using a freehand technique versus an electromagnetic field real-time system (EFRTS).DESIGN: A prospective, randomized controlled trial.SETTING: Level I academic trauma center.PATIENTS/PARTICIPANTS: Patients older than 18 years who sustained a femoral or tibial shaft fracture amenable to antegrade intramedullary nailing were prospectively enrolled between August 2010 and November 2011. Exclusion criteria included injuries requiring retrograde nailing and open wounds near the location of the distal interlocks (distal third of the femur, knee, or distal tibia).INTERVENTION: Each patient had 2 distal interlocking screws placed: one using the freehand method and the other using EFRTS.MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENT: Techniques were compared on procedural time and number of interlocking screw misses. Two time points were measured: time 1 (time to find perfect circles/time from wand placement to drill initiation) and time 2 (drill initiation until completion of interlocking placement).RESULTS: Twenty-four tibia and 24 femur fractures were studied. EFRTS proved faster at times 1 and 2 (P < 0.0001 and P < 0.0002) and total time (P < 0.0001). This difference was larger for junior residents, though reached statistical significance for senior residents. Senior residents were faster with the freehand technique compared with junior residents (P < 0.004), but the 2 were similar using EFRTS (P = 0.41). The number of misses was higher with free hand compared with EFRTS (P = 0.02).CONCLUSION: These results suggest that EFRTS is faster than the traditional freehand technique and results in fewer screw misses.LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic Level II. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Computer Systems', 'Electromagnetic Fields', 'Equipment Design', 'Equipment Failure Analysis', 'Femoral Fractures', 'Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary', 'Humans', 'Middle Aged', 'Operative Time', 'Prospective Studies', 'Surgery, Computer-Assisted', 'Tibial Fractures', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Young Adult']
| 23,429,175
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['L01.224.230'], ['G01.358.500.260', 'G01.358.750.500'], ['E05.320'], ['E05.325.192'], ['C26.404.061', 'C26.558.276'], ['E04.555.300.300.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E04.614.374.500', 'N02.421.585.753.374.500'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E04.749'], ['C26.404.875', 'C26.558.857'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Growth-factor-dependent mitogenesis requires two distinct phases of signalling.
|
Prolonged and continuous exposure to growth factors is required to commit cells to the cell cycle. Here we show that the prolonged requirement for growth factor can be replaced with two short pulses of mitogen. The first pulse of growth factor moves the cell through the initial segment of the G0 to S interval. This initial pulse also makes cells responsive to a second pulse of growth factor, which engages components of the cell-cycle machinery necessary for progression into S phase. We also show that activation of MAP kinase kinase (MEK) and induction of the transcription factor c-Myc are sufficient to drive the first, but not the second, phase of signalling. Furthermore, synthetic phosphatidylinositol-3-OH kinase (PI(3)K) lipid products are sufficient to drive the second phase of signalling, but not the first. These findings suggest that there is a common signalling cascade by which mitogens drive arrested cells into the cell cycle, and that this cascade involves the temporally coordinated input of MEK, c-Myc and PI(3)K.
|
['3T3 Cells', 'Animals', 'Cell Cycle', 'Cell Cycle Proteins', 'Culture Media, Serum-Free', 'Immunoblotting', 'Kinetics', 'MAP Kinase Kinase 1', 'Mice', 'Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases', 'Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases', 'Platelet-Derived Growth Factor', 'Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc', 'Signal Transduction', 'Time Factors']
| 11,175,749
|
[['A11.251.210.100', 'A11.329.228.100'], ['B01.050'], ['G04.144'], ['D12.776.167'], ['D27.720.470.305.255', 'E07.206.255'], ['E05.478.566.320', 'E05.601.470.320'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.565.100', 'D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.200.100', 'D12.644.360.440.100', 'D12.776.476.440.100'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.565', 'D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.200', 'D12.644.360.440', 'D12.776.476.440'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.500'], ['D12.644.276.910', 'D12.776.124.625', 'D12.776.467.910', 'D23.529.910'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700'], ['D12.776.260.103.813', 'D12.776.624.664.700.189', 'D12.776.660.765', 'D12.776.930.125.813'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Non-invasive analysis of myoblast transplants in rodent cardiac muscle.
|
BACKGROUND: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of magnetically labeled stem cells is a non-invasive approach that can provide images with high spatial resolution. We evaluated the ability of a commercially available, Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved contrast agent to allow the monitoring of myoblast transplants in the rodent heart.METHODS AND RESULTS: Primary rat myoblasts were efficiently labeled by incubation with ferumoxide-polycation complexes and labeled cells retained their normal capacity to generate mature myotubes. Intra-cellular iron-oxide accumulation resulted in MRI contrast changes, allowing for three-dimensional, non-invasive detection of labeled cells in the rodent myocardium. Histological analysis of hearts injected with labeled myoblasts or control, non-viable myoblasts revealed that areas of MRI contrast changes corresponded to iron contained within engrafted myotubes and scavenger cells up to two months post-injection.CONCLUSIONS: The high sensitivity of MR imaging will allow for non-invasive studies of cardiac stem cell migration and homing. Additional techniques are in development to non-invasively determine stem cell engraftment rates, viability and differentiation.
|
['Animals', 'Cell Differentiation', 'Cell Movement', 'Cell Survival', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Contrast Media', 'Female', 'Ferrosoferric Oxide', 'Graft Survival', 'Imaging, Three-Dimensional', 'Iron', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Muscle Fibers, Skeletal', 'Myoblasts, Cardiac', 'Myocardium', 'Oxides', 'Polylysine', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Lew']
| 15,856,647
|
[['B01.050'], ['G04.152'], ['G04.198', 'G07.568.500.180'], ['G04.346'], ['A11.251'], ['D27.505.259.500', 'D27.720.259'], ['D01.490.100.375', 'D01.490.200.350', 'D01.578.285'], ['G12.875.545.340'], ['E01.370.350.400', 'L01.224.308.410'], ['D01.268.556.412', 'D01.268.956.287', 'D01.552.544.412'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['A10.690.552.500.500', 'A11.620.249'], ['A07.541.704.500', 'A10.690.552.750.500', 'A11.872.620.470'], ['A02.633.580', 'A07.541.704', 'A10.690.552.750'], ['D01.248.497.158.685', 'D01.650.550'], ['D12.125.068.555.750', 'D12.125.095.647.750', 'D12.644.760'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760.280', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400.280']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Interactions between the oocyte and cumulus cells in the ovary of the B6.Y(TIR) sex-reversed female mouse.
|
The XY (B6.Y(TIR)) sex-reversed female mouse is infertile, primarily because of the early death of its embryos. We have previously determined that the XY oocyte itself, not the surrounding somatic cells, is responsible for its failure in postfertilization development. In the present study, we assessed the ability of the XY oocyte to regulate granulosa cell differentiation and functions. Oocyte-cumulus complexes (OCC) were isolated from antral follicles and were cultured in the presence of FSH and testosterone. Microsurgical removal of oocytes prevented cumulus cell expansion and suppressed estradiol production while it promoted progesterone production. Coculture with denuded oocytes from either XX or XY ovaries restored cumulus expansion and the endocrine profile observed in intact OCC. Morphology of oocytes and OCC in the preantral and antral follicles in situ as well as after isolation was compared for XX and XY ovaries. The average area of XY oocytes was smaller by 20% only at the preantral stage, whereas the zona pellucida layer was thinner by 20% at all stages. Furthermore, the XY oocyte was found to be attached to fewer cumulus cells (60% of XX control) in antral follicles and isolated OCC. In conclusion, the XY oocyte develops the normal ability of regulating granulosa cell differentiation despite its inferiority with respect to some morphometric parameters when compared to the XX oocyte.
|
['Animals', 'Cell Communication', 'Cell Differentiation', 'Chimera', 'Disorders of Sex Development', 'Estradiol', 'Female', 'Genotype', 'Granulosa Cells', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Mutant Strains', 'Microscopy, Electron', 'Oocytes', 'Ovary', 'Progesterone', 'Sex Differentiation', 'Y Chromosome']
| 9,283,002
|
[['B01.050'], ['G04.085'], ['G04.152'], ['B05.200'], ['C12.706.316', 'C13.351.875.253', 'C16.131.939.316', 'C19.391.119'], ['D04.210.500.365.415.248', 'D06.472.334.851.437.500'], ['G05.380'], ['A05.360.319.114.630.535.200', 'A06.300.312.497.535.300', 'A11.382.812', 'A11.436.329'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550'], ['E01.370.350.515.402', 'E05.595.402'], ['A05.360.490.690.680', 'A11.497.497.600'], ['A05.360.319.114.630', 'A05.360.576.497', 'A06.300.312.497'], ['D04.210.500.745.745.654.829', 'D06.472.334.734.623', 'D06.472.334.851.687.750'], ['G07.345.500.325.377.843', 'G07.345.750.500', 'G08.686.841.500'], ['A11.284.187.865.983', 'G05.360.162.865.983']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Knowledge, health beliefs and health-related behaviours of first-degree relatives of women suffering from osteoporosis in Taiwan: a questionnaire survey.
|
BACKGROUND: No previous study has examined knowledge, health beliefs and health-related behaviours in first-degree relatives (FDRs) of osteoporosis sufferers, especially focusing on Asian women.AIM: This study explored osteoporosis knowledge, beliefs and behaviours of women with a family history of osteoporosis, and drew a comparison with women with no such history.DESIGN: This study recruited women at a large public health centre in northern Taiwan. A questionnaire was applied on FDRs and non-FDRs women with a focus on osteoporosis knowledge, health beliefs and behaviours. Descriptive analysis was initially conducted. Differences between FDRs and non-FDRs were rated via Student's t-tests for continuous variables and the chi-squared test for categorical variables.RESULTS: Overall, most of the participants were aware of some osteoporosis-related information but the proportions of correct responses to the questions that tested knowledge between FDRs and non-FDRs were only 44.0% and 42%, respectively. Meanwhile, participants in the FDRs group not only reported higher concern in developing the disease, but also perceived higher barriers compared with the non-FDRs group. As the study demonstrates, for health-related behaviours, the FDRs group did not undertake actual preventive behaviours, and only bone mineral density screening behaviour differed significantly from the non-FDRs group.CONCLUSIONS: This study highlights the inadequate information on osteoporosis and constraining beliefs of FDRs women. Additionally, as preventative behaviours for osteoporosis were not noted in FDRs group, community health nurses and researchers should make efforts to assist and encourage women to take practical preventative behaviours.RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: This investigation reviews the knowledge, beliefs and behaviours of the FDRs group for Taiwanese women with osteoporosis. The results of this work can be used to provide effective implementation guidelines for preventing osteoporosis especially for women with a family history of the disease.
|
['Caregivers', 'Female', 'Health Behavior', 'Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice', 'Humans', 'Middle Aged', 'Osteoporosis', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Taiwan']
| 17,394,538
|
[['M01.085', 'M01.526.485.200', 'N02.360.200'], ['F01.145.488'], ['F01.100.150.500', 'N05.300.150.410'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C05.116.198.579', 'C18.452.104.579'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['Z01.252.474.872', 'Z01.639.850']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Active transportation and acculturation among Latino children in San Diego County.
|
OBJECTIVES: To examine multiple measures of acculturation and their association with walking to school in a large population-based sample in San Diego, California.METHODS: The sample consisted of predominantly Latino children and their parents (n=812) who participated in a study to maintain healthy weights from kindergarten through 2nd grade (2004-2007). Acculturation and walking/driving to and from school were assessed through parent-proxy surveys.RESULTS: Children of foreign-born child-parent dyads walked to school more frequently than their counterparts (F=7.71, df=5, 732, p<.001). Similarly, parents who reported living in the U.S. for less than or equal to 12 years reported more walking to school by their children compared with parents living in the U.S. for more than 12 years (F=10.82, df=4, 737, p<.001). Finally, English-speaking females walked to school more frequently than Spanish-speaking and bilingual females.CONCLUSION: This study explores Latino children's walking to and from school using four measures of acculturation. In this cross-sectional study, being less acculturated was associated with more walking to school among children living in South San Diego County.
|
['Acculturation', 'Adolescent', 'Adult', 'California', 'Child', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Female', 'Hispanic Americans', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Obesity', 'Overweight', 'Schools', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Transportation', 'Walking', 'Young Adult']
| 18,353,433
|
[['I01.076.201.450.050', 'I01.880.853.100.079'], ['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['Z01.107.567.875.580.200', 'Z01.107.567.875.760.200'], ['M01.060.406'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['M01.686.754.441'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C18.654.726.500', 'C23.888.144.699.500', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120.699.500', 'G07.100.100.160.120.699.500'], ['C23.888.144.699', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120.699', 'G07.100.100.160.120.699'], ['I02.783', 'J03.832'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['J01.937'], ['G11.427.410.568.900', 'G11.427.410.698.277.937', 'I03.350.937', 'I03.450.642.845.940'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Enhancement of cytotoxic activity by synthesis of peptide multimeric forms.
|
Synthesis of four multimeric H-Lys-His-His-Arg-Lys-Lys-His-Arg-Lys-Arg-Lys-His-His-Lys-Arg-Lys-oH peptides containing two, four, eight and sixteen branches was carried out by solid phase utilizing a lysine core matrix. These multimeric peptides enhanced activity by inhibiting the colony-forming ability of HeLa cells, from twenty-four to fifty-six times in comparison with the monomeric form. Unexpectedly the peptide with only two-branched sequences showed the highest inhibitory activity.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Cell Division', 'Growth Inhibitors', 'HeLa Cells', 'Humans', 'Lysine', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Oligopeptides', 'Structure-Activity Relationship']
| 9,413,211
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['G04.144.220', 'G04.161.750.500', 'G05.113', 'G07.345.249.410.750.500'], ['D27.505.696.377.450'], ['A11.251.210.190.400', 'A11.251.860.180.400', 'A11.436.340'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.125.068.555', 'D12.125.095.647', 'D12.125.142.497'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['D12.644.456'], ['G02.111.830', 'G07.690.773.997']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Effect of swirling flow on the uptakes of native and oxidized LDLs in a straight segment of the rabbit thoracic aorta.
|
To elucidate the physiological significance of the spiral flow in the arterial system from the viewpoint of atherogenic lipid transport, an ex vivo experimental comparative study was designed to investigate the effect of swirling flow on the distribution of native 3,3'-dioctadecylindocarbocyanine-low-density lipoproteins (DiI-LDL) and DiI-ox-LDL uptakes by segments of the rabbit thoracic aorta. The experimental results showed that when compared with the normal flow, the swirling flow generated in the test arteries significantly reduced the DiI-LDL and DiI-ox-LDL uptakes by the arterial walls. The results also showed that the values of DiI-ox-LDL uptake were higher than those of DiI-LDL uptake at the same sample position in both the normal flow group and the swirling flow group. Most interestingly, the experimental results found that the percentage increase in DiI-ox-LDL uptake was much larger than that in DiI-LDL uptake when the perfusion duration increased from 3 to 24 h. In conclusion, the present study substantiated the hypothesis that the spiral flow in the arterial system plays a beneficial role in protecting the arterial wall from atherogenesis. Meanwhile, it supported the concept that the receptor-mediated bindings of LDL uptake, the barrier function of the arterial endothelial linings and the mass transport phenomenon of LDL concentration polarization are all involved in the infiltration/accumulation of atherogenic lipids within the arterial wall.
|
['Animals', 'Aorta, Thoracic', 'Hemodynamics', 'Humans', 'Lipoproteins, LDL', 'Male', 'Rabbits', 'Receptors, LDL', 'Regional Blood Flow', 'Rheology']
| 20,407,083
|
[['B01.050'], ['A07.015.114.056.372'], ['G09.330.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D10.532.515', 'D12.776.521.550'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.968.700'], ['D12.776.543.750.710.450'], ['G09.330.100.780'], ['E05.830', 'H01.671.808']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
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Beneficial effect of spironolactone administration on ethynylestradiol-induced cholestasis in the rat: involvement of up-regulation of multidrug resistance-associated protein 2.
|
The effect of spironolactone (SL) administration on 17alpha-ethynylestradiol (EE)-induced cholestasis was studied, with emphasis on expression and activity of Mrps. Adult male Wistar rats were divided into the following groups: EE (5 mg/kg daily for 5 days, s.c.), SL (200 micromol/kg daily for 3 days, i.p.), EE+SL (same doses, SL administered the last 3 days of EE treatment), and controls. SL prevented the decrease in bile salt-independent fraction of bile flow induced by EE, in association with normalization of biliary excretion of glutathione. Western blot studies indicate that EE decreased the expression of multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (Mrp2) by 41% and increased that of Mrp3 by 200%, whereas SL only affected Mrp2 expression (+60%) with respect to controls. The EE+SL group showed increased levels of Mrp2 and Mrp3 to the same extent as that registered for the individual treatments. Real-time polymerase chain reaction studies indicated that up-regulation of Mrp2 and Mrp3 by SL and EE, respectively, was at the transcriptional level. To estimate Mrp2 and Mrp3 activities, apical and basolateral excretion of acetaminophen glucuronide (APAP-glu), a common substrate for both transporters, was measured in the recirculating isolated perfused liver model. Biliary/perfusate excretion ratio was decreased in EE (-88%) and increased in SL (+36%) with respect to controls. Coadministration of rats with SL partially prevented (-53%) impairment induced by EE in this ratio. In conclusion, SL administration to EE-induced cholestatic rats counteracted the decrease in bile flow and biliary excretion of glutathione and APAP-glu, a model Mrp substrate, findings associated with up-regulation of Mrp2 expression.
|
['ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 11', 'ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters', 'Acetaminophen', 'Animals', 'Anion Transport Proteins', 'Antiporters', 'Bile', 'Blotting, Western', 'Cholestasis, Intrahepatic', 'Ethinyl Estradiol', 'Gene Expression', 'Glucuronosyltransferase', 'Glutathione', 'Liver', 'Male', 'Membrane Transport Proteins', 'Multidrug Resistance-Associated Proteins', 'Organ Size', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'SLC4A Proteins', 'Spironolactone', 'Up-Regulation']
| 17,686,906
|
[['D12.776.157.530.100.075.125', 'D12.776.157.530.450.074.500.500.250.438', 'D12.776.395.550.020.400.534', 'D12.776.543.550.192.400.534', 'D12.776.543.585.100.200.438', 'D12.776.543.585.450.074.500.500.250.438'], ['D12.776.157.530.100', 'D12.776.395.550.020', 'D12.776.543.550.192', 'D12.776.543.585.100'], ['D02.065.199.092.040', 'D02.092.146.113.092.040'], ['B01.050'], ['D12.776.157.530.450.074', 'D12.776.543.585.450.074'], ['D12.776.157.530.450.162', 'D12.776.543.550.190', 'D12.776.543.585.450.162'], ['A12.200.087'], ['E05.196.401.143', 'E05.301.300.096', 'E05.478.566.320.200', 'E05.601.262', 'E05.601.470.320.200'], ['C06.130.120.135.250', 'C06.552.150'], ['D04.210.500.668.651.568.291', 'D06.472.334.851.437.968.500'], ['G05.297'], ['D08.811.913.400.450.480'], ['D12.644.456.448'], ['A03.620'], ['D12.776.157.530', 'D12.776.543.585'], ['D12.776.157.530.100.304', 'D12.776.157.530.450.074.500.500.500', 'D12.776.543.585.100.304', 'D12.776.543.585.450.074.500.500.500'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.660', 'E05.041.124.715', 'G07.100.100.660', 'G07.345.249.690'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900'], ['E05.393.620.500.725'], ['D12.776.157.530.450.437', 'D12.776.157.530.937.656', 'D12.776.543.550.779', 'D12.776.543.585.450.437', 'D12.776.543.585.937.776'], ['D02.540.679', 'D04.210.500.745.745.855'], ['G02.111.905', 'G05.308.850', 'G07.690.773.998']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Promoting Children Growth and Development: A community-based cluster randomized controlled trial in rural areas of Indonesia.
|
OBJECTIVE: This study examined the influence of the Promote Children's Growth and Development (PCGD) intervention on children's growth and development in rural areas in Indonesia.DESIGN AND SAMPLE: A community-based nonblinded cluster randomized controlled trial was conducted. Twelve clusters of villages were matched based on population and randomly assigned to intervention group (six clusters and 72 caregivers dyads) or control group (six clusters and 72 caregivers dyads) with inclusion criteria age 0-72 months and attending integrated health centers (Posyandu). The intervention was conducted for 14 weeks with caregivers.MEASURES: The weight-for-age Z-score (WAZ), height-for-age Z-score (HAZ), weight-for-height Z-score (WHZ), and body mass index-for-age Z-score (BAZ) were calculated using World Health Organization Anthro-Plus version 1.0.3. A prescreening developmental questionnaire (PSDQ) measured the development of children before and after the intervention.RESULTS: The proportion of stunting of HAZ, wasting of WHZ, and deviation development of PSDQ were higher in the control group compared to the intervention group, respectively (22.2% vs. 37.5%), (9.7% vs. 4.2%), and (12.5% vs. 2.8%). Caregivers were more confident promoting children's growth and development after attending 12 sessions of the PCGD intervention.CONCLUSION: The 12 session PCGD intervention is effective for promoting the growth and development of children of 0-72 months. The PCGD could be considered for implementation in community health centers.
|
['Body Mass Index', 'Body Weight', 'Caregivers', 'Child', 'Child Development', 'Child, Preschool', 'Education, Nonprofessional', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Indonesia', 'Infant', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Male', 'Mothers', 'Parenting', 'Rural Population', 'Surveys and Questionnaires']
| 31,099,133
|
[['E01.370.600.115.100.125', 'E05.041.124.125', 'G07.100.100.125', 'N06.850.505.200.100.175'], ['C23.888.144', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120', 'E05.041.124.160.750', 'G07.100.100.160.120', 'G07.345.249.314.120'], ['M01.085', 'M01.526.485.200', 'N02.360.200'], ['M01.060.406'], ['F01.525.200', 'G07.345.374.750'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['I02.233'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.252.145.380', 'Z01.639.580'], ['M01.060.703'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['F01.829.263.500.320.200', 'I01.880.853.150.500.340.270', 'M01.620.630'], ['F01.829.263.370.310'], ['N01.600.725'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
[Breeding on eight strains of Pseudostellaria heterophylla based on phenotypic traits and quality in Guizhou province].
|
OBJECTIVE: To provide new germplasm materials for breeding new varieties of Pseudostellaria heterophylla.METHOD: The method of single plant selection was adopted, with the comparative experiments being carried out under the same conditions in Shibing county. The 8 plants of Shibing SB-4 were compared respectively with factor analysis for 27 phenotypic traits and 8 yield traits, and single factor variance analysis for the contents of polysaccharides.RESULT: Using factor analysis, 27 phenotypic traits were classified into 7 principal divisors and 8 yield traits were simplified into 3 principal divisors. The 4 strains of P. heterophylla, ZT-01, ZT-02, ZT-06 and ZT-07, performed better than others in the phenotypic traits, and ZT-01, ZT-02, ZT-03 and ZT-07 in the yield traits. The contents of polysaccharides of ZT-01, ZT-02, ZT-05 and ZT-08 showed significantly higher value.CONCLUSION: There is significant difference among the 8 strains of P. heterophylla in phenotypic traits, yield traits and quality traits, making it possible to select certain strains for different purposes. ZT-01 and ZT-02 can be breaded further. ZT-06 and ZT-07 were used as ornamental cultivars for its great phenotypic traits. ZT-03 with good resistance and high yield was taken as resistant variety, and ZT-05 would face next selection on the basis of its high content of polysaccharide.
|
['Breeding', 'Caryophyllaceae', 'China', 'Phenotype', 'Polysaccharides']
| 25,775,793
|
[['E05.820.150', 'G05.090'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.198.500.250'], ['Z01.252.474.164'], ['G05.695'], ['D09.698']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
|
Engineering of the H2O2-binding pocket region of a recombinant manganese peroxidase to be resistant to H2O2.
|
The manganese peroxidase produced by Phanerochaete chrysosporium, which catalyzes the oxidation of Mn(2+) to Mn(3+), is easily inactivated by the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) presented in the reaction. We attempted to increase H2O2 resistance by the conformational stabilization around the H2O2-binding pocket. Based on its structural model, engineering of oxidizable Met273 located near the pocket to a non-oxidizable Leu showed a great improvement. Furthermore, after treatment at 1 mM H2O2 where the wild-type is completely inactivated, full activity can be retained by engineering the Asn81, which might have conformational changes due to the environment of the pocket, to a non-bulky and non-oxidizable Ser.
|
['Binding Sites', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Escherichia coli', 'Hydrogen Peroxide', 'Methionine', 'Models, Molecular', 'Mutagenesis, Site-Directed', 'Mutation', 'Oxygen', 'Peroxidases', 'Phanerochaete', 'Protein Binding', 'Protein Conformation', 'Protein Folding', 'Recombinant Proteins']
| 11,734,216
|
[['G02.111.570.120'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['D01.248.497.158.685.750.424', 'D01.339.431.374.424', 'D01.650.550.750.400', 'D02.389.338.253'], ['D02.886.030.676', 'D12.125.142.557', 'D12.125.154.549', 'D12.125.166.676'], ['E05.599.595'], ['E05.393.420.601.575'], ['G05.365.590'], ['D01.268.185.550', 'D01.362.670'], ['D08.811.682.732'], ['B01.300.179.120.570'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808'], ['G02.111.570.820.709'], ['G01.154.651', 'G02.111.688'], ['D12.776.828']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Implementing informative priors for heterogeneity in meta-analysis using meta-regression and pseudo data.
|
Many meta-analyses combine results from only a small number of studies, a situation in which the between-study variance is imprecisely estimated when standard methods are applied. Bayesian meta-analysis allows incorporation of external evidence on heterogeneity, providing the potential for more robust inference on the effect size of interest. We present a method for performing Bayesian meta-analysis using data augmentation, in which we represent an informative conjugate prior for between-study variance by pseudo data and use meta-regression for estimation. To assist in this, we derive predictive inverse-gamma distributions for the between-study variance expected in future meta-analyses. These may serve as priors for heterogeneity in new meta-analyses. In a simulation study, we compare approximate Bayesian methods using meta-regression and pseudo data against fully Bayesian approaches based on importance sampling techniques and Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC). We compare the frequentist properties of these Bayesian methods with those of the commonly used frequentist DerSimonian and Laird procedure. The method is implemented in standard statistical software and provides a less complex alternative to standard MCMC approaches. An importance sampling approach produces almost identical results to standard MCMC approaches, and results obtained through meta-regression and pseudo data are very similar. On average, data augmentation provides closer results to MCMC, if implemented using restricted maximum likelihood estimation rather than DerSimonian and Laird or maximum likelihood estimation. The methods are applied to real datasets, and an extension to network meta-analysis is described. The proposed method facilitates Bayesian meta-analysis in a way that is accessible to applied researchers. © 2016 The Authors. Statistics in Medicine Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
|
['Bayes Theorem', 'Likelihood Functions', 'Markov Chains', 'Meta-Analysis as Topic', 'Monte Carlo Method', 'Network Meta-Analysis']
| 27,577,523
|
[['E05.318.740.600.200', 'N05.715.360.750.625.150', 'N06.850.520.830.600.200'], ['E05.318.740.500.475', 'E05.318.740.600.400', 'E05.599.835.500', 'N05.715.360.750.530.450', 'N05.715.360.750.625.450', 'N06.850.520.830.500.475', 'N06.850.520.830.600.400'], ['E05.318.740.600.500', 'E05.318.740.996.500', 'G17.830.500', 'N05.715.360.750.625.500', 'N05.715.360.750.770.500', 'N06.850.520.830.600.500', 'N06.850.520.830.996.500'], ['E05.318.370.500', 'E05.581.500.501', 'N05.715.360.325.515', 'N06.850.520.445.500'], ['E05.318.740.525', 'L01.906.394.422', 'N05.715.360.750.540', 'N06.850.520.830.525'], ['E05.318.370.500.500', 'E05.581.500.501.500', 'N05.715.360.325.515.500', 'N06.850.520.445.500.500']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
[Effect of thymalin on protein synthesis in the brain and conditioned-reflex activity of the progeny of neurosensitized female rats].
|
Thymalin administration to two-week-old offspring of neurosensitized female rats prevented the development of protein synthesis disturbances in the central nervous system and the retention of conditioned reflex of passive avoidance. Thymalin injection to the offspring of intact female rats improved conditioned reflex retention and did not affect brain protein synthesis. A possible mechanism of thymalin effect in conditions of congenital neuroimmunopathology is discussed.
|
['Adjuvants, Immunologic', 'Animals', 'Brain', 'Conditioning, Classical', 'Female', 'Fetal Proteins', 'Immune System Diseases', 'Nerve Tissue Proteins', 'Pregnancy', 'Rats', 'Thymus Hormones']
| 3,676,482
|
[['D27.505.696.477.067'], ['B01.050'], ['A08.186.211'], ['F02.463.425.179.308'], ['D12.776.320'], ['C20'], ['D12.776.631'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['D06.472.910']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Compressive mechanical properties of the intraluminal thrombus in abdominal aortic aneurysms and fibrin-based thrombus mimics.
|
An intraluminal thrombus (ILT) forms in the majority of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs). While the ILT has traditionally been perceived as a byproduct of aneurysmal disease, the mechanical environment within the ILT may contribute to the degeneration of the aortic wall by affecting biological events of cells embedded within the ILT. In this study, the drained secant modulus (E(5) approximately modulus at 5% strain) of ILT specimens (luminal, medial, and abluminal) procured from elective open repair was measured and compared using unconfined compression. Five groups of fibrin-based thrombus mimics were also synthesized by mixing various combinations of fibrinogen, thrombin, and calcium. Drained secant moduli were compared to determine the effect of the components' concentrations on mimic stiffness. The stiffness of mimics was also compared to the native ILT. Preliminary data on the water content of the ILT layers and mimics was measured. It was found that the abluminal layer (E(5)=19.3kPa) is stiffer than the medial (2.49kPa) and luminal (1.54kPa) layers, both of which are statistically similar. E(5) of the mimics (0.63, 0.22, 0.23, 0.87, and 2.54kPa) is dependent on the concentration of all three components: E(5) decreases with a decrease in fibrinogen (60-20 and 20-15mg/ml) and a decrease in thrombin (3-0.3 units/ml), and E(5) increases with a decrease in calcium (0.1-0.01M). E(5) from two of the mimics were not statistically different than the medial and luminal layers of ILT. A thrombus mimic with similar biochemical components, structure, and mechanical properties as native ILT would provide an appropriate test medium for AAA mechanobiology studies.
|
['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal', 'Aortic Rupture', 'Endothelium, Vascular', 'Extracellular Space', 'Female', 'Fibrin', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Microscopy, Electron, Scanning', 'Middle Aged', 'Molecular Mimicry', 'Stress, Mechanical', 'Thrombosis']
| 19,058,807
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['C14.907.055.239.075', 'C14.907.109.139.075'], ['C14.907.055.185.125', 'C14.907.055.239.175', 'C14.907.109.139.175', 'C26.761.125'], ['A07.015.700.500', 'A10.272.491.355'], ['A10.082.500', 'A11.284.295'], ['D12.776.124.270'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.515.402.541', 'E05.595.402.541'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G02.111.560', 'G05.545', 'G16.012.750.500'], ['G01.374.835'], ['C14.907.355.830']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Temperature dependence of protein-hydration hydrodynamics by molecular dynamics simulations.
|
The dynamics of water molecules near the protein surface are different from those of bulk water and influence the structure and dynamics of the protein itself. To elucidate the temperature dependence hydration dynamics of water molecules, we present results from the molecular dynamic simulation of the water molecules surrounding two proteins (Carboxypeptidase inhibitor and Ovomucoid) at seven different temperatures (T=273 to 303 K, in increments of 5 K). Translational diffusion coefficients of the surface water and bulk water molecules were estimated from 2 ns molecular dynamics simulation trajectories. Temperature dependence of the estimated bulk water diffusion closely reflects the experimental values, while hydration water diffusion is retarded significantly due to the protein. Protein surface induced scaling of translational dynamics of the hydration waters is uniform over the temperature range studied, suggesting the importance protein-water interactions.
|
['Ovomucin', 'Plant Proteins', 'Protease Inhibitors', 'Protein Conformation', 'Temperature', 'Viscosity', 'Water']
| 17,720,293
|
[['D12.776.256.159.157.675', 'D12.776.290.675', 'D12.776.395.560.760'], ['D12.776.765'], ['D27.505.519.389.745'], ['G02.111.570.820.709'], ['G01.906.595', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710', 'G16.500.750.775.710', 'N06.230.150.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710'], ['G02.930'], ['D01.045.250.875', 'D01.248.497.158.459.650', 'D01.650.550.925']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Synthesis and application of clindamycin succinate as a novel chiral selector for capillary electrophoresis.
|
A novel chiral selector, clindamycin succinate, was synthesized and first used as a chiral selector in capillary electrophoresis (CE). The chiral resolution ability of this kind of clindamycin derivation was studied by CE using some racemic drugs as model analytes. From the experimental results, it was found that both resolution and selectivity of the selector were dependent on the following parameters: concentration of chiral selectors, pH of the running buffer, temperature of the capillary column, applied voltage and organic modifier used. The results show that the chiral selector possesses high resolution toward some racemic drugs, including ofloxacin, chlorphenamine, tryptophan, propranolol, sotalol and metoprolol. Excellent chiral resolution of these tested drugs was achieved under the optimal conditions of 50 mM clindamycin succinate, 10% MeOH v/v, 50 mM Tris buffer, pH 4.0, at 22 kV and 20 °C within 25 min.
|
['Clindamycin', 'Electrophoresis, Capillary', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Molecular Structure', 'Stereoisomerism', 'Temperature']
| 21,898,800
|
[['D03.383.773.532.500.125', 'D09.408.471.500.125'], ['E05.196.401.190', 'E05.301.300.190'], ['G02.300'], ['G02.111.570', 'G02.466'], ['G02.607.445.682'], ['G01.906.595', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710', 'G16.500.750.775.710', 'N06.230.150.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Turnip Mosaic Virus Counteracts Selective Autophagy of the Viral Silencing Suppressor HCpro.
|
Autophagy is a conserved intracellular degradation pathway and has emerged as a key mechanism of antiviral immunity in metazoans, including the selective elimination of viral components. In turn, some animal viruses are able to escape and modulate autophagy for enhanced pathogenicity. Whether host autophagic responses and viral countermeasures play similar roles in plant-virus interactions is not well understood. Here, we have identified selective autophagy as antiviral pathway during plant infection with turnip mosaic virus (TuMV), a positive-stranded RNA potyvirus. We show that the autophagy cargo receptor NBR1 suppresses viral accumulation by targeting the viral RNA silencing suppressor helper-component proteinase (HCpro), presumably in association with virus-induced RNA granules. Intriguingly, TuMV seems to antagonize NBR1-dependent autophagy during infection by the activity of distinct viral proteins, thereby limiting its antiviral capacity. We also found that NBR1-independent bulk autophagy prevents premature plant death, thus extending the lifespan of virus reservoirs and particle production. Together, our study highlights a conserved role of selective autophagy in antiviral immunity and suggests the evolvement of viral protein functions to inhibit autophagy processes, despite a potential trade-off in host survival.
|
['Arabidopsis', 'Arabidopsis Proteins', 'Autophagy', 'Models, Biological', 'Plant Diseases', 'Potyvirus', 'Proteolysis', 'RNA Interference', 'Ubiquitin', 'Viral Proteins']
| 29,133,371
|
[['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.157.100'], ['D12.776.765.149'], ['G04.011'], ['E05.599.395'], ['G15.610'], ['B04.715.464.600', 'B04.715.635.600', 'B04.820.578.782.600'], ['G02.111.720', 'G03.812'], ['G05.308.203.374.790'], ['D12.776.947.500'], ['D12.776.964']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The organisation of primary care in Europe: part 1 trends--position paper of the European Forum for Primary Care.
|
AIM: To describe and classify contemporary organisational developments in primary care across Europe.METHOD: Ten case studies have been undertaken at local sites which are exemplars of organisational practice nominated by national leaders and international experts. The selection is informed by a comprehensive literature and documentary review, with expert advice from members of the European Forum for Primary Care.RESULTS: A profile of organisational development trends is indicated, confirming the status of the extended general practice, the growth in managed care enterprises and the omission of service models prominent in other continents.CONCLUSION: The risks as well as the opportunities arising from the enlargement of Europe, with its vulnerable polyclinic and medical cabinet models, are highlighted, with further discussion and analysis to follow in Part 2 of the position paper.
|
['Europe', 'Health Policy', 'Humans', 'Interprofessional Relations', 'Managed Care Programs', 'Models, Organizational', 'National Health Programs', 'Organizational Case Studies', 'Primary Health Care', 'Professional Practice']
| 19,416,606
|
[['Z01.542'], ['I01.655.500.608.400', 'I01.880.604.825.608.400', 'N03.623.500.608.428'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.829.401.205'], ['N03.219.521.576.343.800', 'N04.590.374.410'], ['E05.599.670', 'N04.452.534'], ['N03.349.550'], ['N03.349.380.710', 'N05.715.360.455'], ['N04.590.233.727'], ['N04.452.758']]
|
['Geographicals [Z]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Efficacy and safety of tolterodine in people with neurogenic detrusor overactivity.
|
OBJECTIVE: To compare tolterodine with oxybutynin and placebo in people with neurogenic detrusor overactivity.DESIGN: Prospective, randomized, double-blind, crossover trial plus open-label comparative stage.PARTICIPANTS: Ten participants with neurogenic detrusor overactivity due to spinal cord injury or multiple sclerosis who used intermittent catheterization.METHODS: Bladder capacity on cystometrogram, a 10-day record of catheterization volumes, number of incontinent episodes per day, and perceived dry mouth using a visual analog scale (VAS) were measured for the following: (a) a blinded comparison: tolterodine, 2 mg twice daily, vs placebo, twice daily; and (b) an unblinded comparison: oxybutynin vs tolterodine, each at self-selected doses (SSDs).RESULTS: Tolterodine, 2 mg twice daily, was superior to placebo in enhancing catheterization volumes (P < 0.0005) and reducing incontinence (P < 0.001), but was comparable with placebo in cystometric bladder capacity. Efficacy of tolterodine SSD was comparable with oxybutynin SSD with regard to catheterization volumes, degree of incontinence, and cystometric bladder capacity. The side effect profile (dry mouth) was comparable between tolterodine, 2 mg twice daily, and placebo, but differed significantly when comparing tolterodine SSD with oxybutynin SSD (P < 0.05).CONCLUSION: Tolterodine, when used at SSDs, is comparable with oxybutynin at SSDs in enhancing bladder volume and improving continence, but with less dry mouth. Tolterodine at the recommended dosage of 2 mg twice daily improves incontinence and bladder volumes compared with placebo, and without significant dry mouth. Larger doses of tolterodine may be needed to achieve best effect in this population, but further studies are required.
|
['Adult', 'Benzhydryl Compounds', 'Cresols', 'Cross-Over Studies', 'Double-Blind Method', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Mandelic Acids', 'Middle Aged', 'Multiple Sclerosis', 'Muscarinic Antagonists', 'Phenylpropanolamine', 'Prospective Studies', 'Spinal Cord Injuries', 'Tolterodine Tartrate', 'Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic', 'Urinary Incontinence', 'Xerostomia']
| 15,478,523
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.115'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.657.239'], ['E05.318.370.150', 'N05.715.360.325.150', 'N06.850.520.445.150'], ['E05.318.370.300', 'E05.581.500.300', 'N05.715.360.325.320', 'N06.850.520.445.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D02.241.223.475', 'D02.241.511.536'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C10.114.375.500', 'C10.314.350.500', 'C20.111.258.250.500'], ['D27.505.519.625.120.200.500', 'D27.505.696.577.120.200.500'], ['D02.033.100.624.706', 'D02.033.755.624.706', 'D02.092.063.624.706'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['C10.228.854.763', 'C10.900.850', 'C26.819'], ['D02.033.100.624.706.750', 'D02.033.755.624.706.750', 'D02.092.063.624.706.800', 'D02.455.426.559.389.115.900', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.239.756'], ['C10.597.900', 'C12.777.829.839', 'C13.351.968.829.760', 'C23.888.592.900'], ['C12.777.934.852', 'C13.351.968.934.814', 'C23.888.942.343.800'], ['C07.465.815.929']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Facilitating and limiting factors of workplace health promotion at Rhodes University, South Africa.
|
BACKGROUND: Workplace health promotion programs, when well designed and implemented are beneficial to both employees and their employers.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the factors that affect workplace health promotion initiatives intended for support staff at Rhodes University. To explore ways in which future initiatives that aim to reduce the prevalence of non-communicable diseases in the workplace may be improved.METHODS: A qualitative study, using semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions with key stakeholders and support staff. All interviews and focus group discussions were voice recorded and then transcribed verbatim. Transcripts were uploaded into NVivo® 10 for coding and thematic analysis.RESULTS: Key stakeholders reported that health promotion initiatives have been attempted and were advertised, however the turnout was poor. The support staff in turn, stated that past initiatives were not tailored to their health needs and they lacked context-specificity and cultural sensitivity. They also suggested improvements for future initiatives such as convenient venues and using films and short plays as a means of delivering health information.CONCLUSIONS: Based on inputs from key stakeholders and support staff, there are several factors that affect the success of health promotion initiatives in the workplace. Employees, who are the recipients of the planned initiatives, need to be involved in all stages of the planning and implementation.
|
['Adult', 'Female', 'Focus Groups', 'Health Promotion', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Qualitative Research', 'South Africa', 'Universities', 'Workforce', 'Workplace']
| 29,733,050
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E05.318.308.112', 'N05.715.360.300.269', 'N06.850.520.308.112'], ['I02.233.332.445', 'N02.421.726.407.579'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['H01.770.644.241.850'], ['Z01.058.290.175.735'], ['I02.783.830', 'J03.832.830'], ['N04.452.525'], ['N01.824.245.925', 'N04.452.677.975']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Nucleotide sequence of c-H-ras-1 gene from B6C3F1 mice.
|
The c-H-ras-1 gene of an B6C3F1 mouse was isolated and nucleotide sequence determined. Our study has revealed that this c-H-ras-1 gene consists of four exons, separated by three introns ranging in size from 150 to 649 bp. The coding parts of the sequence of mouse c-H-ras-1 gene show no important differences as compared with those of the rat, hamster and human gene. More numerous changes were found in introns. The identity of mouse c-H-ras-1 gene with rat, hamster and human ones at the nucleotide level is 86.40%, 80.04% and 67.87%, respectively. Comparison of amino acids in protein sequence of c-H-ras gene of mouse, rat, hamster and human points to high degree of conservation of the gene.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Animals', 'Base Sequence', 'DNA', 'Genes, ras', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred Strains', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Sequence Homology, Amino Acid']
| 8,922,043
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['B01.050'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['D13.444.308'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.375.500.791.550'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G02.111.810.200', 'G05.810.200']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Frontalis-Orbicularis Muscle Advancement for Correction of Upper Eyelid Ptosis: A Systematic Literature Review.
|
PURPOSE: To review the level of standardization of frontalis-orbicularis muscle advancement to correct severe blepharoptosis and the degree of scientific evidence supporting the procedure as a useful modality of blepharoptosis repair.METHODS: The authors searched the Medline, Lilacs, and Scopus databases for all articles in English, Spanish, and French that used as keywords the terms "frontalis muscle flap," "orbicularis muscle flap," and "ptosis." Data retrieved included authorship specialty, geographic region where the surgeries were performed, characteristics of the samples reported, type and dimensions of the flaps used, time of follow-up, rate of undercorrection, and complications.RESULTS: Thirty-eight articles were retrieved and analyzed. Most studies originated from Asian countries, especially China, Taiwan, and Korea. Many variations of the procedure were encountered, including location of incisions and frontalis flap design. There were 23 case series with more than 10 patients. None compared the procedure to conventional frontalis suspension surgery. The samples were not homogeneous, including patients with different type of ptosis, variable degrees of levator function, and using distinct methods of evaluating eyelid position. Undercorrection rates ranged from 1.8% to 38% with a median value of 12.2%. The rate of complications (eyelid crease abnormalities, entropion, hematoma, and supraorbital nerve injury) was low.CONCLUSIONS: The direct frontalis-orbicularis muscle advancement has been judged positively in all reports analyzed. However, the level of standardization of the surgery is low, and the reported series are not homogeneous. Further studies are needed to better evaluate this operation.
|
['Blepharoplasty', 'Blepharoptosis', 'Eyelids', 'Facial Muscles', 'Humans', 'Oculomotor Muscles', 'Surgical Flaps']
| 29,958,196
|
[['E04.540.104', 'E04.680.275.090'], ['C11.338.204'], ['A01.456.505.420.504', 'A09.371.337'], ['A02.633.567.400', 'A14.363'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A02.633.567.700'], ['A10.850.710', 'E07.862.710']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Chitin is only a minor component of the peritrophic matrix from larvae of Lucilia cuprina.
|
The gut of most insects is lined with a peritrophic matrix that facilitates the digestive process and protects insects from invasion by micro-organisms and parasites. It is widely accepted that the matrix is composed of chitin, proteins and proteoglycans. Here we critically re-examine the chitin content of the typical type 2 peritrophic matrix from the larvae of the fly Lucilia cuprina using a range of techniques. Many of the histochemical and biochemical techniques indicate the presence of chitin, although they are often adversely influenced by the presence of highly glycosylated proteins, a principal component of the matrix. The alkali-stable fraction, which is used as an indicator of the maximum chitin content in a biological sample, is only 7.2% of the weight of the matrix. Larvae fed on the potent chitin synthase inhibitor polyoxin D or the chitin-binding agent Calcofluor White, showed strong concentration-dependent inhibition of larval weight and survival but no discernible effects on the matrix structure. A bacterial endochitinase fed to larvae had no effect on larval growth and no observable effect in vitro on the structure of isolated peritrophic matrix. RT-PCR did not detect a chitin synthase mRNA in cardia, the tissue from which PM originates. It is concluded that chitin is a minor structural component of the type 2 peritrophic matrix of this insect.
|
['Animals', 'Benzenesulfonates', 'Chitin', 'Chitin Synthase', 'Chitinases', 'Chitosan', 'Digestive System', 'Diptera', 'Larva', 'Pyrimidine Nucleosides', 'Wheat Germ Agglutinins']
| 11,044,665
|
[['B01.050'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.097', 'D02.886.645.600.080.050.100'], ['D05.750.078.139', 'D09.698.211'], ['D08.811.913.400.450.460.200'], ['D08.811.277.450.207'], ['D05.750.078.139.500', 'D09.698.211.500'], ['A03'], ['B01.050.500.131.617.720.500.500.750'], ['B05.500.500', 'G07.345.500.550.500.500'], ['D03.383.742.680', 'D13.570.685'], ['D12.776.503.499.968', 'D12.776.765.678.968']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Parathyroid hormone attenuates radiation-induced increases in collagen crosslink ratio at periosteal surfaces of mouse tibia.
|
As part of our ongoing efforts to understand underlying mechanisms contributing to radiation-associated bone fragility and to identify possible treatments, we evaluated the longitudinal effects of parathyroid hormone (PTH) treatment on bone quality in a murine model of limited field irradiation. We hypothesized PTH would mitigate radiation-induced changes in the chemical composition and structure of bone, as measured by microscope-based Raman spectroscopy. We further hypothesized that collagen crosslinking would be especially responsive to PTH treatment. Raman spectroscopy was performed on retrieved tibiae (6-7/group/time point) to quantify metrics associated with bone quality, including: mineral-to-matrix ratio, carbonate-to-phosphate ratio, mineral crystallinity, collagen crosslink (trivalent:divalent) ratio, and the mineral and matrix depolarization ratios. Irradiation disrupted the molecular structure and orientation of bone collagen, as evidenced by a higher collagen crosslink ratio and lower matrix depolarization ratio (vs. non-irradiated control bones), persisting until 12weeks post-irradiation. Radiation transiently affected the mineral phase, as evidenced by increased mineral crystallinity and mineral-to-matrix ratio at 4weeks compared to controls. Radiation decreased bone mineral depolarization ratios through 12weeks, indicating increased mineral alignment. PTH treatment partially attenuated radiation-induced increases in collagen crosslink ratio, but did not restore collagen or mineral alignment. These post-radiation matrix changes are consistent with our previous studies of radiation damage to bone, and suggest that the initial radiation damage to bone matrix has extensive effects on the quality of tissue deposited thereafter. In addition to maintaining bone quality, preventing initial radiation damage to the bone matrix (i.e. crosslink ratio, matrix orientation) may be critical to preventing late-onset fragility fractures.
|
['Animals', 'Bone Matrix', 'Calcification, Physiologic', 'Collagen', 'Cross-Linking Reagents', 'Female', 'Mice, Inbred BALB C', 'Parathyroid Hormone', 'Periosteum', 'Spectrum Analysis, Raman', 'Tibia', 'X-Rays']
| 26,960,578
|
[['B01.050'], ['A10.165.265.166'], ['G07.345.155.500', 'G07.345.500.325.377.625.050.500.175', 'G11.427.578.050.500.175'], ['D05.750.078.280', 'D12.776.860.300.250'], ['D27.720.470.410.210'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.338', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.338'], ['D06.472.699.590', 'D12.644.548.587'], ['A10.165.265.746'], ['E05.196.822.860', 'E05.196.867.890'], ['A02.835.232.043.650.883'], ['G01.358.500.505.970', 'G01.750.250.970', 'G01.750.750.918']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Helical volumetric modulated arc therapy for treatment of craniospinal axis.
|
PURPOSE: Volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) can be used with multiple isocenters to provide an effective treatment of the craniospinal axis. Additional efficiency can be achieved by simultaneously applying linear couch motion to generate a helical arc trajectory. This study investigated the treatment planning and delivery of helical VMAT for treatment of the craniospinal axis.METHODS AND MATERIALS: VMAT plans were retrospectively created for 5 patients. The first plan consisted of multiple separate arcs. A second plan consisted of a single helical arc with a pitch of 10 cm. Three additional plans consisted of multiple helical arcs with the beam rotating alternately clockwise and counterclockwise to avoid the need for the gantry to pass through 180°. The three plans had a pitch of 5, 10, and 15 cm. For 1 of the patients, three possible plans with alternate gantry motion and a pitch of 10 cm were delivered helically, and the dose was verified.RESULTS: Relative to the plan with separate arcs, the continuous helical plan produced a mean objective value of 104.0% ± 14.8% (standard deviation), and the alternating helical plans produced an objective value of 118.9% ± 9.8%, 102.3% ± 13.5%, and 101.5% ± 15.8% for a pitch of 5 cm, 10 cm, and 15 cm, respectively (with lower values representing better plans). For the delivered plans, taking a mean of 17 min 51 s to deliver, a mean of 97.1% of the measurements were within 4% and 4 mm of the planned dose.CONCLUSIONS: A continuous helical VMAT plan provides comparable dose quality to a plan with separate VMAT arcs. Comparable quality is also produced by an alternating helical plan, provided the pitch is chosen appropriately. Alternating helical plans have been delivered and verified successfully. Alternating helical delivery offers the ultimate delivery efficiency for intensity-modulated radiotherapy for the craniospinal axis.
|
['Algorithms', 'Cranial Irradiation', 'Humans', 'Patient Positioning', 'Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted', 'Radiotherapy, Image-Guided', 'Radiotherapy, Intensity-Modulated', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Rotation', 'Spinal Cord', 'Spine', 'Supine Position', 'Time Factors']
| 22,115,791
|
[['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['E02.815.190'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.760.670', 'N02.421.585.700'], ['E02.950.825', 'L01.313.500.750.100.710.600.608'], ['E02.815.768'], ['E02.815.635.700.700', 'L01.313.500.750.100.710.600.550.700'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['G01.482.703'], ['A08.186.854'], ['A02.835.232.834'], ['G11.427.695.625'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Findings on a relationship between type A behavior and headaches.
|
Based on answers to a headache questionnaire college women were classified on a two-dimensional array according to their relative frequencies of both vascular (migraine) and tension (muscle contraction) pain. The various groups were then compared on a measure of the coronary-prone Type A behavior pattern. In two independent surveys, one with 237 respondents and one with 206 respondents, increasing frequencies of both types of headaches were significantly associated with higher scores on the Type A scale from the Jenkins Activity Survey. The findings support prior data from a client population, also reported, and suggest appropriate therapeutic interventions for headache relief. They also clearly show that a behavior pattern which has been associated with coronary artery disease now can be considered to have implications for other problems as well.
|
['Coronary Disease', 'Headache', 'Humans', 'Migraine Disorders', 'Psychological Tests', 'Type A Personality']
| 6,481,797
|
[['C14.280.647.250', 'C14.907.585.250'], ['C23.888.592.612.441'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C10.228.140.546.399.750'], ['F04.711'], ['F01.752.747.880']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The association between progression of coronary artery calcium and colorectal adenoma: A retrospective follow-up study of asymptomatic Koreans.
|
The potential relationship between coronary artery calcium (CAC) and colorectal adenoma has been widely indicated. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the risk of colorectal adenoma and CAC progression in asymptomatic Korean adults who underwent serial assessments by colonoscopy and CAC scan.A total of 754 asymptomatic participants, who had undergone serial CAC scans and colonoscopies for screening, were enrolled. Changes in CAC were assessed according to the absolute change between baseline and follow-up results. CAC progression was defined using Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis method. Risk for adenoma at follow-up colonoscopy was determined using hazard ratio (HR) by Cox regression. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was measured.The mean follow-up duration was 3.4 ± 2.5 years. CAC progression was found in 215 participants (28.5%). Participants with adenoma at index colonoscopy showed a higher rate of CAC progression than those without (38.8% vs 23.6%, P < .01). In participants with adenoma at index colonoscopy, CAC progression significantly increased the cumulative risk for adenoma at follow-up colonoscopy (HR = 1.48, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.06-2.06, log-rank P = .021). In multivariate analysis, male sex (HR = 2.57, 95% CI 1.22-5.42, P = .013), ?3 adenomas at index colonoscopy (HR = 2.60, 95% CI 1.16-5.85, P = .021), and CAC progression (HR = 2.74, 95% CI 1.48-5.08, P = .001) increased the risk of adenoma at follow-up colonoscopy. In participants without adenoma at index colonoscopy, neither baseline CAC presence nor CAC progression increased the risk of adenoma at follow-up colonoscopy. The interaction between CAC progression and adenoma at index colonoscopy was significant in multivariable model (P = .005). In the ROC analysis, AUC of CAC progression for adenoma at follow-up colonoscopy was 0.625 (95% CI 0.567-0.684, P < .001) in participants with adenoma at index colonoscopy.Participants with CAC progression, who are at high risk of coronary atherosclerosis, may need to be considered for follow-up evaluation of colorectal adenoma, especially those with adenoma at index colonoscopy.
|
['Adenoma', 'Asymptomatic Diseases', 'Calcium', 'Colonoscopy', 'Colorectal Neoplasms', 'Coronary Angiography', 'Coronary Artery Disease', 'Coronary Vessels', 'Disease Progression', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Incidence', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Multidetector Computed Tomography', 'ROC Curve', 'Republic of Korea', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Risk Assessment', 'Risk Factors', 'Vascular Calcification']
| 31,626,147
|
[['C04.557.470.035'], ['C23.550.291.187'], ['D01.268.552.100', 'D01.552.539.288', 'D23.119.100'], ['E01.370.372.250.250.200', 'E01.370.388.250.250.250.160', 'E04.210.240.250.160', 'E04.502.250.250.250.160'], ['C04.588.274.476.411.307', 'C06.301.371.411.307', 'C06.405.249.411.307', 'C06.405.469.158.356', 'C06.405.469.491.307', 'C06.405.469.860.180'], ['E01.370.350.130.625', 'E01.370.350.700.060.200', 'E01.370.370.050.200', 'E01.370.370.380.200'], ['C14.280.647.250.260', 'C14.907.137.126.339', 'C14.907.585.250.260'], ['A07.015.114.269', 'A07.015.908.194'], ['C23.550.291.656'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.375', 'N01.224.935.597.500', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.375', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.375'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.370.350.350.810.800.500', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810.800.500', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810.800.500', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810.800.249', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810.800.249'], ['E05.318.370.800.750', 'E05.318.740.872.750', 'N05.715.360.325.700.680', 'N06.850.520.445.800.750'], ['Z01.252.474.557.750'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.715', 'N04.452.871.715', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.690', 'N06.850.505.715', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.715'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['C18.452.174.130.780']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus modulates the phytotoxicity of Cd via combined responses of enzymes, thiolic compounds, and essential elements in the roots of Phragmites australis.
|
The positive effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi on host plants under heavy metal (HM) stress conditions have been widely recognized. HMs are known to induce phytotoxicity through 1) the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), 2) the direct interaction with thiol groups or 3) the competition with essential elements. However, how AM fungus inoculation can affect defense mechanisms against cadmium (Cd) stress, which can regulate and alleviate the phytotoxicity via different pathways, is still unclear. We hypothesized that one or some factors in each pathway of phytotoxicity were involved in detoxifying Cd by inoculating with AM fungus. In this study, the involvements of enzymes, thiolic compounds, and divalent essential elements in the roots of Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud. were assessed. In addition, we also worked to elucidate the significant factors among three possible pathways involved in biosynthesis with AM fungus inoculation, using principal component analysis (PCA). The results presented here indicate that AM symbiosis can result in a marked tolerance to Cd via accumulating Cd with a shorter exposure treatment time, and obvious fluorescence in the roots was also observed. The decrease in phytotoxicity was mainly accomplished by changes in superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), non-protein thiols (NPT), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), and copper (Cu). These results provide comprehensive insights for elucidating the defense mechanisms by which inoculation with AM fungus has beneficial roles in helping P. australis cope with the deleterious effects of Cd.
|
['Cadmium', 'Catalase', 'Copper', 'Metals, Heavy', 'Mycorrhizae', 'Plant Roots', 'Poaceae', 'Stress, Physiological', 'Sulfhydryl Compounds', 'Superoxide Dismutase', 'Symbiosis']
| 28,850,908
|
[['D01.268.556.137', 'D01.268.956.061', 'D01.552.544.137'], ['D08.811.682.732.332'], ['D01.268.556.195', 'D01.268.956.170', 'D01.552.544.195'], ['D01.268.556', 'D01.552.544'], ['A18.400.525', 'A19.690', 'B01.300.655', 'B05.550'], ['A18.400'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.822'], ['G07.775'], ['D02.886.489'], ['D08.811.682.881'], ['G06.550.800', 'G16.840']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Sequences encoding the protein and RNA components of ribonuclease P from Streptomyces bikiniensis var. zorbonensis.
|
The genes encoding the RNA (rnpB) and protein (rnpA) subunits of ribonuclease P (RNase P) of Streptomyces bikiniensis var. zorbonensis have been cloned by complementing the temperature-sensitive growth phenotype of Escherichia coli strains that carry mutations in these genes. The rnpB sequence of S. bikiniensis includes new covariations that lead to refinement of the previous secondary structure models for RNase P RNAs. The deduced amino acid sequence of S. bikiniensis RNase P is conserved with that of other known RNase P proteins only to a limited extent. Immediately upstream from rnpA is an open reading frame that codes for the highly conserved ribosomal protein, L34. This same gene arrangement occurs in all bacteria studied to date.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Base Sequence', 'DNA, Bacterial', 'Endoribonucleases', 'Escherichia coli Proteins', 'Genetic Variation', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Nucleic Acid Conformation', 'RNA, Bacterial', 'RNA, Catalytic', 'Ribonuclease P', 'Sequence Alignment', 'Streptomyces']
| 1,379,566
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['D13.444.308.212'], ['D08.811.277.352.355.350', 'D08.811.277.352.700.350'], ['D12.776.097.275'], ['G05.365'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G02.111.570.820.486', 'G05.360.580'], ['D13.444.735.473'], ['D08.811.797', 'D13.444.735.790.199'], ['D08.811.277.352.700.350.711', 'D08.811.797.500', 'D12.776.157.725.500.625', 'D12.776.664.962.500.625'], ['E05.393.751'], ['B03.300.390.400.810.768', 'B03.510.024.997.775', 'B03.510.415.400.810.768', 'B03.510.460.410.810.768']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
A new method of analysis of peroxydisulfate using ion chromatography and its application to the simultaneous determination of peroxydisulfate and other common inorganic ions in a peroxydisulfate matrix.
|
A new method for the determination of peroxydisulfate using ion chromatography has been developed. Elution of peroxydisulfate was effected by isocratic elution using 200 mM NaOH at 40°C. A modification of the method using gradient elution was able to simultaneously determine other common inorganic ions (nitrate, nitrite, sulfate and chloride) down to significantly low concentrations in a peroxydisulfate matrix. The relative standard deviations (RSD) were in the range of 0.5-5%, for peak areas and <0.2% for peak retention times. The recoveries were between 95% and 120% for a concentration range of about 0.5-42 ppm. The limit of detection for peroxydisulfate ion was 0.2 ppm and for the other ions were ?2?10(-2) ppm. The calibration curves were linear with slope and intercepts close to 1 and 0, respectively.
|
['Anions', 'Chromatography, Ion Exchange', 'Linear Models', 'Peroxides', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Sodium Hydroxide', 'Sulfates', 'Temperature']
| 21,185,030
|
[['D01.248.497.158'], ['E05.196.181.400.383'], ['E05.318.740.500.500', 'E05.318.740.750.425', 'E05.599.835.750', 'N05.715.360.750.530.460', 'N05.715.360.750.695.460', 'N06.850.520.830.500.500', 'N06.850.520.830.750.425'], ['D01.248.497.158.685.750', 'D01.339.431.374', 'D01.650.550.750', 'D02.389.338'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['D01.045.250.750', 'D01.248.497.158.459.475', 'D01.857.745'], ['D01.248.497.158.845', 'D01.875.800.800.850'], ['G01.906.595', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710', 'G16.500.750.775.710', 'N06.230.150.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
The prevalence and risk factors analysis of serum antibody to hepatitis C virus in the elders in northeast Taiwan.
|
BACKGROUND: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection will result in liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, which are the leading causes of death in Taiwan. The prevalence of antibody to HCV (anti-HCV) was 2%-3% in Taipei city. However, it can be as high as 20% to 60% in Central and Southern part of Taiwan. In I-Lan, a county located in northern-east Taiwan, there is no large-scale investigation yet. The objective of this research is to evaluate the prevelance and risk factors of anti-HCV positivity in three towns of I-Lan county.METHODS: Blood sampled from people in San-Shing, Tou-Cheng and Tong-Shan was collected from October 1999 to June 2000. Totally, 1,316 persons (607 male, 790 female, mean age: 62 +/- 12 years old) were enrolled. Anti-HCV was measured by a second-generation enzyme immunoassay. Risk factors analysis was performed in anti-HCV positive subjects and age-sex matched anti-HCV negative controls.RESULTS: Sixty-seven persons (5.1%) had positive serum anti-HCV. The prevalence rate of anti-HCV increased with age. San-Shing and Tong-Shan showed a higher anti-HCV prevalence rate than Tou-Cheng (6.0% and 8.3% vs. 3.2%, p = 0.007). Risk factors analysis showed that people with positive serum anti-HCV had a significantly high rate of surgical history, usage of nondisposable needles injection, frequent nondisposable needles injection, frequent dental therapy, and a lower level of education than the anti-HCV negative counterpart (p < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that age > 60 years, surgical history and frequent nondisposable needles injection were significantly independent risk factors of positive anti-HCV (p < 0.05).CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence rate of anti-HCV in I-Lan county was 5.1%. Age > 60 years, surgical history and frequent nondisposable needles injection were the significant risk factors of HCV infection in I-Lan area.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Female', 'Hepatitis C', 'Hepatitis C Antibodies', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Needles', 'Risk Factors', 'Seroepidemiologic Studies', 'Transfusion Reaction']
| 12,716,008
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['C01.221.250.750', 'C01.925.440.440', 'C01.925.782.350.350', 'C06.552.380.705.440'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.254.450.510', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.254.450.510', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.254.450.510'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E07.612'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['E05.318.372.500.950', 'N05.715.360.330.500.950', 'N06.850.520.450.500.950'], ['C15.378.962', 'C20.920']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Clinical audit of multidisciplinary care at a medium-sized hospital in Spain.
|
BACKGROUND: Multidisciplinary care is a key enabler in the provision of high quality care for cancer patients. Despite compelling evidence supporting their benefit to patients and for providers, multidisciplinary cancer conferences (MCC) are not universally occurring. Team composition of MCC reflects the multidisciplinary nature of the body. Lack of nursing input can have a negative impact on team decision making. The objective of this study was to evaluate multidisciplinary care and adherence to national recommendations at a medium-sized hospital through a clinical audit of cancer conferences and clinical records.METHODS: A total of 77 multidisciplinary cancer conferences were visited and 496 electronic health records were reviewed. The regularity of meetings and multidisciplinary attendance were evaluated. Each electronic health record was checked to verify documented prospective discussion before any treatment was started.RESULTS: Nine multidisciplinary teams meet on a weekly or biweekly basis at the hospital with an average number of ten people and six different specialties represented. Average duration of meetings was 46.8 min. Though most patients (64.5%) were discussed at some point at the relevant cancer conference, only 40% had a documented multidisciplinary team discussion prior to the first treatment. Pathological stage (pTNM) was documented in 53.6% of clinical records.CONCLUSIONS: Nursing representatives should be included as usual attendees at cancer conferences. Prospective discussion of all cancer cases should be encouraged. Use of checklists and systematic collection of key information, specifically cancer staging, could improve clinical documentation in the electronic clinical record.
|
['Clinical Audit', 'Decision Making', 'Humans', 'Patient Care Team', "Practice Patterns, Physicians'", 'Prognosis', 'Prospective Studies', 'Quality of Health Care']
| 24,597,686
|
[['N04.761.700.250', 'N05.700.175'], ['F02.463.785.373'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N04.590.715'], ['N04.590.374.577', 'N05.300.625'], ['E01.789'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['N04.761', 'N05.715']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Endothelium-dependent relaxation of canine pulmonary artery after prolonged lung graft preservation in University of Wisconsin solution: role of L-arginine supplementation.
|
BACKGROUND: The University of Wisconsin (UW) solution has been demonstrated to enhance pulmonary allograft preservation. Endothelial nitric oxide (NO) production has been shown to be significantly impaired after ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) injury. The present experiments aimed to determine the protective effects of pulmonary endothelium-dependent function by using supplemental NO in University of Wisconsin (UW) solution following prolonged lung graft preservation.METHODS: Thirty-six healthy mongrel dogs underwent thoracotomy to expose the left lung. In addition to a group given UW solution (n = 4), 100 micromol/liter l-arginine, (n = 7), 100 micromol/liter N(G)-monomethyl-l-arginine (l-NMMA n = 7) and 1.0 micromol/liter 3-morpholinosydnonimine (SIN-1, n = 18 respectively, were added to UW solution, and infused from the aortic root and pulmonary artery to the pulmonary vein. The perfused lung was then allowed to inflate to its maximum volume for 24-hour oxygenated preservation in each supplemented condition of UW solution at 4 degrees C. In the SIN-1 group, the preservation period was further divided into 8 hours and 16 hours, respectively. Rings of the third-order pulmonary artery of the inflated lung were then suspended in organ chambers to measure isometric force.RESULTS: Endothelium-dependent relaxation (EDR) to acetylcholine, adenosine diphosphate and sodium fluoride of the pulmonary rings in the l-arginine group was significantly preserved compared with UW-solution-only group. The l-NMMA group showed significant EDR impairment after 24-hour preservation compared with the UW solution group. Similar to the l-arginine group, the SIN-1 group showed significant EDR protection with 8-hour preservation, but not with 24-hour preservation. In contrast, EDR to calcium ionophore A23187 showed no EDR changes after 24-hour preservation in any of the supplemented groups.CONCLUSIONS: Supplemental l-arginine in UW solution ameliorates impaired pulmonary EDR following prolonged lung preservation of up to 24 hours.
|
['Acetylcholine', 'Adenosine', 'Adenosine Diphosphate', 'Allopurinol', 'Animals', 'Arginine', 'Dogs', 'Endothelium, Vascular', 'Female', 'Glutathione', 'Insulin', 'Lung', 'Lung Transplantation', 'Male', 'Molsidomine', 'Organ Preservation Solutions', 'Pulmonary Artery', 'Raffinose', 'Sodium Fluoride', 'Tissue Preservation', 'omega-N-Methylarginine']
| 15,135,376
|
[['D02.092.211.111'], ['D03.633.100.759.590.138', 'D13.570.583.138', 'D13.570.800.096'], ['D03.633.100.759.646.138.124', 'D13.695.667.138.124', 'D13.695.827.068.124'], ['D03.633.100.759.160'], ['B01.050'], ['D12.125.068.050', 'D12.125.095.104', 'D12.125.142.087'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.250.216.200'], ['A07.015.700.500', 'A10.272.491.355'], ['D12.644.456.448'], ['D06.472.699.587.200.500.625', 'D12.644.548.586.200.500.625'], ['A04.411'], ['E04.928.600.495', 'E04.936.450.495'], ['D03.383.129.462.580.693.450', 'D03.383.533.640.362'], ['D26.776.675'], ['A07.015.114.715'], ['D09.698.629.802.700'], ['D01.303.350.300.875', 'D01.857.725', 'D25.223.716', 'J01.637.051.223.716'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.760', 'E01.370.225.750.600.760', 'E02.792.833', 'E05.200.500.620.760', 'E05.200.750.600.760', 'E05.760.833'], ['D12.125.068.050.650', 'D12.125.095.104.650', 'D12.125.142.087.500']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
PLANET TOPERS: Planets, Tracing the Transfer, Origin, Preservation, and Evolution of their ReservoirS.
|
The Interuniversity Attraction Pole (IAP) 'PLANET TOPERS' (Planets: Tracing the Transfer, Origin, Preservation, and Evolution of their Reservoirs) addresses the fundamental understanding of the thermal and compositional evolution of the different reservoirs of planetary bodies (core, mantle, crust, atmosphere, hydrosphere, cryosphere, and space) considering interactions and feedback mechanisms. Here we present the first results after 2 years of project work.
|
['Evolution, Planetary', 'Exobiology', 'Extraterrestrial Environment', 'Planets']
| 27,337,974
|
[['G01.060.275', 'G01.311.290'], ['H01.158.273.295'], ['G01.060.075.159', 'G16.500.275.240'], ['G01.060.075.680', 'G01.060.075.730.700']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Decreased T3 and T4 levels following topical application of povidone-iodine in premature neonates.
|
Thyroid function and iodine levels of 30 preterm neonates were examined before and up to five days after topical exposure to 10% povidone-iodine application. Urinary iodine excretion significantly increased in the group closest to term (8.9 +/- 1.2 mg I/g creatinine x 10) vs controls (3.5 +/- 0.5 mg; p < 0.01). T3 levels significantly decreased at all sub-group gestational ages vs controls (p < 0.01-0.05). Similarly, both FT4 and TT4 levels were lower in the subgroups vs controls (p < 0.01-0.05). TSH levels however did not rise in any group. These data suggest partial failure of thyroid hormone synthesis, in a population of high-risk infants possibly already exhibiting features of the euthyroid-sick syndrome. Topical iodine-containing antiseptic solutions should be used with caution in this population since these antiseptics may modify serum thyroid hormone concentrations rapidly.
|
['Administration, Topical', 'Gestational Age', 'Humans', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Infant, Premature', 'Iodine', 'Povidone-Iodine', 'Thyroxine', 'Triiodothyronine']
| 7,820,214
|
[['E02.319.267.120'], ['G07.345.500.325.235.968', 'G08.686.320'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['M01.060.703.520.520'], ['D01.268.380.400'], ['D01.475.557.500', 'D02.455.326.271.884.533.710', 'D03.383.773.812.615.630', 'D05.750.716.721.838.745', 'D25.720.716.721.838.745', 'J01.637.051.720.716.721.838.745'], ['D06.472.931.812', 'D12.125.072.050.767'], ['D06.472.931.740.385', 'D12.125.072.050.767.741.894']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Efficacy and safety of Saccharomyces boulardii in the 14-day triple anti-Helicobacter pylori therapy: a prospective randomized placebo-controlled double-blind study.
|
BACKGROUND: Recent studies indicate a potential role of Saccharomyces boulardii in the prevention of Helicobacter pylori treatment-related side-effects and also in improvement of eradication rate. Our aim is to investigate the efficacy and safety of S. boulardii in the prevention of side-effects related to H. pylori eradication. The secondary aim of the study was to define the effect of S. boulardii on the eradication success of anti-H. pylori therapy.MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred and twenty-four patients with H. pylori infection (male/female: 44/80, mean age: 48 +/- 14.25 year) receiving 14 days of triple therapy (clarithromycin 500 mg b.i.d., amoxicillin 1000 mg b.i.d., and lansoprazole 30 mg b.i.d.) were randomly assigned to S. boulardii or placebo. Dyspeptic symptoms were recorded by using modified Glasgow Dyspepsia Questionnaire (GDQ). Side-effect profile and tolerability were assessed using a symptom-based questionnaire. H. pylori status was rechecked after 6 weeks after completion of eradication therapy.RESULTS: H. pylori eradication rate, although higher in the treatment group, was statistically similar in treatment and control groups: 71% (44/62) versus 59.7% (37/62), respectively (p > .05). Nine (14.5%) patients in the treatment group and 19 (30.6%) patients in the placebo group experienced diarrhea (p < .05). Epigastric discomfort was more frequent in the control group [9 (14.5%) versus 27 (43.5%), respectively (p < .01)]. Diffuse abdominal pain, abdominal gas, taste disturbance, urticaria, nausea symptoms were similar in both groups. GDQ scores after treatment were significantly better for treatment group (mean +/- SD, range: 1.38 +/- 1.25 (0-5) vs. 2.22 +/- 1.44 (0-6), respectively; p < .01).CONCLUSION: S. boulardii improved anti-H. pylori antibiotherapy-associated diarrhea, epigastric discomfort, and treatment tolerability. In addition, S. boulardii supplement decreased post-treatment dyspepsia symptoms independent of H. pylori status. However, S. boulardii had no significant affect on the rate of H. pylori eradication.
|
['2-Pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazoles', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Amoxicillin', 'Clarithromycin', 'Diarrhea', 'Double-Blind Method', 'Drug Therapy, Combination', 'Female', 'Helicobacter Infections', 'Helicobacter pylori', 'Humans', 'Lansoprazole', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Nausea', 'Probiotics', 'Prospective Studies', 'Saccharomyces', 'Stomach Diseases', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 17,669,103
|
[['D02.886.640.074', 'D03.383.725.024', 'D03.633.100.103.034'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D02.065.589.099.750.750.050.050', 'D02.886.108.750.750.050.050', 'D03.633.100.300.750.750.050.050'], ['D02.540.576.500.992.100'], ['C23.888.821.214'], ['E05.318.370.300', 'E05.581.500.300', 'N05.715.360.325.320', 'N06.850.520.445.300'], ['E02.319.310'], ['C01.150.252.400.466'], ['B03.440.500.550', 'B03.660.150.235.500.250.550'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D02.886.640.074.249', 'D03.383.725.024.249', 'D03.633.100.103.034.249'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C23.888.821.712'], ['G07.203.300.456.500', 'J02.500.456.500'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['B01.300.107.795.785', 'B01.300.930.705'], ['C06.405.748'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Resolution of model Holliday junctions by yeast endonuclease: effect of DNA structure and sequence.
|
The resolution of Holliday junctions in DNA involves specific cleavage at or close to the site of the junction. A nuclease from Saccharomyces cerevisiae cleaves model Holliday junctions in vitro by the introduction of nicks in regions of duplex DNA adjacent to the crossover point. In previous studies [Parsons and West (1988) Cell, 52, 621-629] it was shown that cleavage occurred within homologous arm sequences with precise symmetry across the junction. In contrast, junctions with heterologous arm sequences were cleaved asymmetrically. In this work, we have studied the effect of sequence changes and base modification upon the site of cleavage. It is shown that the specificity of cleavage is unchanged providing that perfect homology is maintained between opposing arm sequences. However, in the absence of homology, cleavage depends upon sequence context and is affected by minor changes such as base modification. These data support the proposed mechanism for cleavage of a Holliday junction, which requires homologous alignment of arm sequences in an enzyme--DNA complex as a prerequisite for symmetrical cleavage by the yeast endonuclease.
|
['Base Sequence', 'DNA, Fungal', 'Endodeoxyribonucleases', 'Fungal Proteins', 'Methylation', 'Models, Genetic', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Nucleic Acid Conformation', 'Recombination, Genetic', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae', 'Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid', 'Substrate Specificity']
| 2,653,810
|
[['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['D13.444.308.300'], ['D08.811.277.352.335.350', 'D08.811.277.352.355.325'], ['D12.776.354'], ['G02.111.035.538', 'G02.607.094.538', 'G03.059.538'], ['E05.599.395.397'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G02.111.570.820.486', 'G05.360.580'], ['G05.728'], ['B01.300.107.795.785.800', 'B01.300.930.705.655'], ['G02.111.810.550', 'G05.810.550'], ['G02.111.835']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Demographic characteristics of doctors who intend to follow clinical academic careers: UK national questionnaire surveys.
|
OBJECTIVES: It is well recognised that women are underrepresented in clinical academic posts. Our aim was to determine which of a number of characteristics-notably gender, but also ethnicity, possession of an intercalated degree, medical school attended, choice of specialty-were predictive of doctors' intentions to follow clinical academic careers.DESIGN: Questionnaires to all UK-trained medical graduates of 2005 sent in 2006 and again in 2010, graduates of 2009 in 2010 and graduates of 2012 in 2013.RESULTS: At the end of their first year of medical work, 13.5% (368/2732) of men and 7.3% (358/4891) of women specified that they intended to apply for a clinical academic training post; and 6.0% (172/2873) of men and 2.2% (111/5044) of women specified that they intended to pursue clinical academic medicine as their eventual career. A higher percentage of Asian (4.8%) than White doctors (3.3%) wanted a long-term career as a clinical academic, as did a higher percentage of doctors who did an intercalated degree (5.6%) than others (2.2%) and a higher percentage of Oxbridge graduates (8.1%) than others (2.8%). Of the graduates of 2005, only 30% of those who in 2006 intended a clinical medicine career also did so when re-surveyed in 2010 (men 44%, women 12%).CONCLUSIONS: There are noteworthy differences by gender and other demographic factors in doctors' intentions to pursue academic training and careers. The gap between men and women in aspirations for a clinical academic career is present as early as the first year after qualification.
|
['Asian Continental Ancestry Group', 'Career Choice', 'Cohort Studies', 'Demography', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Physicians', 'Sex Factors', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Teaching', 'Workforce']
| 25,136,138
|
[['M01.686.508.200'], ['F02.463.785.373.346.400'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['I01.240', 'N01.224', 'N06.850.505.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.526.485.810', 'N02.360.810'], ['N05.715.350.675', 'N06.850.490.875'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['I02.903'], ['N04.452.525']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Interacting effects of multiple roles on women's health.
|
Our study tests several hypotheses concerning the effects of employment, marriage, and motherhood on women's general physical health. These hypotheses predict how the health effect of each role varies, depending on specific role characteristics and the other roles a woman holds. Our analyses utilize longitudinal panel data for 3,331 women from the National Longitudinal Surveys of Young Women (follow-up intervals: 1978-83 and 1983-88). The Role Substitution Hypothesis proposes that employment and marriage provide similar resources (e.g., income and social support), and consequently, employment and marriage can substitute for each other in their beneficial effects on health. As predicted, we found that employment had beneficial effects on health for unmarried women, but little or no effect for married women. Similarly, marriage had beneficial effects on health only for women who were not employed. The Role Combination Strain Hypothesis proposes that employed mothers experience role strain, resulting in harmful effects on health. However, we found very little evidence that the combination of employment and motherhood resulted in harmful health effects. Contrary to the predictions of the Quantitative Demands Role Strain Hypothesis, it appears that neither longer hours of employment nor having more children resulted in harmful effects on health. As predicted by the Age-Related Parental Role Strain Hypothesis, younger age at first birth, particularly a teenage birth, appeared to result in more harmful health effects.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Employment', 'Female', 'Health Status', 'Humans', 'Longitudinal Studies', 'Marriage', 'Maternal Age', 'Mother-Child Relations', 'Pregnancy', "Women's Health", 'Workload']
| 9,785,695
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['N01.824.245'], ['I01.240.425', 'N01.224.425', 'N06.850.505.400.425'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.500'], ['F01.829.263.315.500.500', 'I01.240.361.500.500', 'I01.880.853.150.423.500.500', 'N01.224.361.500.500', 'N01.824.308.500.500'], ['G08.686.560', 'N05.715.350.075.550', 'N06.850.490.250.550'], ['F01.829.263.370.290.170'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['N01.400.900'], ['I03.946.225.500', 'N04.452.677.650.500']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
[From the regional hospital to the Clinical Center in Sarajevo--100 years of work and development].
|
In the course of the past 100 years of the Regional Hospital, the Clinical Centre now experienced a number of organizational, functional and technological changes. There 6 striking periods: 1. Period of the Regional Hospital in Sarajevo, 1894-1918; 2. General State Hospital, 1919-1940; 3. World War 2, 1941-1945; 4. Clinical Hospital of the Medical Faculty in Sarajevo, 1946-1974; 5. University Medical Centre in Sarajevo, 1974-1992; 6. Clinical Centre of University in Sarajevo, since 1992 to the present days. From the modest building like pavilions, the Regional Hospital in Sarajevo became a modern Clinical Centre, 40 units, Institute of Research Work and the developed secondary and terciary health protection, except cardiosurgery. The Clinical Centre and its staff are the true heroes of the war, who succeed in the past two years to extend over a million of helps, nearly 20,000 surgical operations, over 1,5 million of diagnostic treatments, more than 100,000 psychotherapeutical treatments, more than 3,000 deliveries, etc. All that was performed in the extra-ordinary difficult circumstances, without electricity, the damaged equipment, reduced medical staff and shortage of the medical materials and drugs. The Clinical Centre was awarded by the UN for humanity and human rights, 1983 and the Humanist of the Year in B&H in 1993.
|
['Bosnia and Herzegovina', 'History, 19th Century', 'History, 20th Century', 'Hospitals']
| 7,752,701
|
[['Z01.542.248.160'], ['K01.400.504.937'], ['K01.400.504.968'], ['N02.278.421']]
|
['Geographicals [Z]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
A contactin-receptor-like protein tyrosine phosphatase beta complex mediates adhesive communication between astroglial cells and gonadotrophin-releasing hormone neurones.
|
Although it is well established that gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurones and astrocytes maintain an intimate contact throughout development and adult life, the cell-surface molecules that may contribute to this adhesiveness remain largely unknown. In the peripheral nervous system, the glycosylphosphatidyl inositol (GPI)-anchored protein contactin is a cell-surface neuronal protein required for axonal-glial adhesiveness. A glial transmembrane protein recognised by neuronal contactin is receptor-like protein tyrosine phosphatase beta (RPTP beta), a phosphatase with structural similarities to cell adhesion molecules. In the present study, we show that contactin, and its preferred in cis partner Caspr1, are expressed in GnRH neurones. We also show that the RPTP beta mRNA predominantly expressed in hypothalamic astrocytes encodes an RPTP beta isoform (short RPTP beta) that uses its carbonic anhydrase (CAH) extracellular subdomain to interact with neuronal contactin. Immunoreactive contactin is most abundant in GnRH nerve terminals projecting to both the organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis and median eminence, implying GnRH axons as an important site of contactin-dependent cell adhesiveness. GT1-7 immortalised GnRH neurones adhere to the CAH domain of RPTPbeta, and this adhesiveness is blocked when contactin GPI anchoring is disrupted or contactin binding capacity is immunoneutralised, suggesting that astrocytic RPTP beta interacts with neuronal contactin to mediate glial-GnRH neurone adhesiveness. Because the abundance of short RPTP beta mRNA increases in the female mouse hypothalamus (but not in the cerebral cortex) before puberty, it appears that an increased interaction between GnRH axons and astrocytes mediated by RPTP beta-contactin is a dynamic mechanism of neurone-glia communication during female sexual development.
|
['Animals', 'Astrocytes', 'Cell Adhesion', 'Cell Adhesion Molecules, Neuronal', 'Cell Communication', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Contactins', 'Female', 'Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone', 'Hypothalamus', 'Mice', 'Neurons', 'Receptor-Like Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases, Class 5', 'Recombinant Fusion Proteins']
| 17,927,663
|
[['B01.050'], ['A08.637.200', 'A11.650.200'], ['G04.022'], ['D12.776.395.550.200.250', 'D12.776.543.550.200.250', 'D23.050.301.350.250'], ['G04.085'], ['A11.251'], ['D12.776.395.550.200.250.325', 'D12.776.395.550.448.250', 'D12.776.543.484.500.250', 'D12.776.543.550.200.250.325', 'D12.776.543.550.418.250', 'D23.050.301.350.250.325'], ['D06.472.699.327.740.320', 'D12.644.400.400.740.320', 'D12.644.456.460', 'D12.644.548.365.740.320', 'D12.776.631.650.405.740.320'], ['A08.186.211.180.497', 'A08.186.211.200.317.357'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['A08.675', 'A11.671'], ['D08.811.277.352.650.775.400.500', 'D12.644.360.587.500', 'D12.776.476.592.500'], ['D12.776.828.300']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Feather mites are potentially an important source of allergens for pigeon and budgerigar keepers.
|
BACKGROUND: Previous studies on allergy to feathers have not addressed whether organisms living on feathers (mites, lice, moulds) are a source of allergens.OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether feather mites produced allergens of clinical relevance to bird keepers.METHODS: We examined serum IgE responses of 96 pigeon breeders to an extract of feather mites from pigeons (predominantly Diplaegidia columbae), using Western blotting, specific IgE assay using AlaSTAT EIA and RAST inhibition.RESULTS: Feather mites are a major source of soluble proteins derived from feathers, accounting for up to 10% of the total weight of the feather. Forty-three sera had a negative score (0) for anti-feather mite IgE, 27 were weakly positive (1-2) and 26 had strongly positive scores (3-4). Fewer pigeon breeders with scores > or = 3 were asymptomatic than those with negative scores (12 versus 40%), more had late onset symptoms (with or without early onset symptoms: 77% versus 44%) and had IgE antibody against house dust mite (89% versus 23%). Western blotting of eight sera against the extract of Diplaegidia columbae revealed 20 IgE-binding components ranging from 22 to 200 kDa. A high diversity of components was recognized by each serum: arithmetic mean 7 (range 2-14). RAST inhibition indicated feather mites had species-specific epitopes as well as ones that cross-reacted with Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus.CONCLUSION: Strongly-positive AlaSTAT scores to pigeon feather mite were associated with allergic symptoms of late onset in pigeon breeders. We conclude that feather mites are a major source of clinically-relevant allergens for pigeon breeders.
|
['Allergens', 'Animals', 'Antigens, Dermatophagoides', "Bird Fancier's Lung", 'Blotting, Western', 'Columbidae', 'Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel', 'Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay', 'Feathers', 'Glycoproteins', 'Immunoglobulin E', 'Microscopy, Electron, Scanning', 'Mites', 'Parrots', 'Radioallergosorbent Test']
| 9,117,882
|
[['D23.050.063'], ['B01.050'], ['D23.050.181'], ['C08.381.483.125.125', 'C08.674.055.125', 'C20.543.480.680.075.125', 'C24.125'], ['E05.196.401.143', 'E05.301.300.096', 'E05.478.566.320.200', 'E05.601.262', 'E05.601.470.320.200'], ['B01.050.150.900.248.165.150'], ['E05.196.401.402', 'E05.301.300.319'], ['E05.478.566.350.170', 'E05.478.566.380.360', 'E05.478.583.400.170', 'E05.601.470.350.170', 'E05.601.470.380.360'], ['A13.370'], ['D09.400.430', 'D12.776.395'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.619.312', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.619.312', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.619.312'], ['E01.370.350.515.402.541', 'E05.595.402.541'], ['B01.050.500.131.166.132.419'], ['B01.050.150.900.248.710.672'], ['E01.370.225.812.735.830', 'E05.200.812.735.830', 'E05.478.566.380.810', 'E05.478.566.639.810', 'E05.478.594.760.830', 'E05.601.470.380.810', 'E05.601.470.639.810']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Pain in knee arthrography: comparison of air vs. CO2 and reaspiration vs. no reaspiration.
|
A prospective study of 255 patients undergoing double-contrast arthrography of the knee was performed to evaluate postexamination knee pain after two procedural modifications: (1) intraarticular carbon dioxide versus room air and (2) postprocedural joint reaspiration versus no reaspiration. A moderate or severe increase in pain during the 24 hr after the examination was experienced by 20% of patients. Carbon dioxide resulted in slightly greater patient pain immediately after the procedure than did room air. However, there was no difference in morbidity in these two groups at 24 hr. Aspiration of the knee joint had no immediate or delayed effect on patient pain. Older patients, women, and patients with abnormal arthrograms, reported more baseline discomfort but, allowing for this, they tolerated the procedure as well as younger patients, men, and patients with normal arthrograms. It is recommended that double contrast arthrography of the knee be performed using intraarticular air without reaspiration of the joint.
|
['Adult', 'Air', 'Carbon Dioxide', 'Evaluation Studies as Topic', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Knee Joint', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Pain', 'Prospective Studies', 'Radiography']
| 6,781,262
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['G16.500.275.063.150', 'N06.230.300.100.150'], ['D01.200.200', 'D01.362.150', 'D01.650.550.200'], ['E05.337', 'N05.715.360.335'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A02.835.583.475'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C23.888.592.612', 'F02.830.816.444', 'G11.561.790.444'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E01.370.350.700']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
[Diagnostic and prognostic value of stress echo-pacing in patients with implanted AAI pace-maker].
|
UNLABELLED: The aim of this study was to assess the utility, safety and prognostic value of echocardiographic stress test (EST) in non-invasive diagnosis of ischemic heart disease in patients (pts) with implanted pacemaker, with and without left ventricle hypertrophy.MATERIAL AND METHODS: EST was performed in 40 patients (mean age 60+/-10 years, from 43 to 78) with pacemaker. Using external programming system heart rate was accelerated by 10 beats in every 3 minute till reaching maximal heart rate. The examination was conducted only in patients with physiological stimulation of right atrium by AAI mode. Angiographically significant coronary artery stenosis size was accepted as over 50% artery diameter. Mean duration time of performed examination was 13+/-4 min.RESULTS: No adverse events were observed. The quality of stress echo visualization was good in every case. Heart rate at rest and at maximal stimulation were respectively 68+/-8 and 132+/-13 per minute (p<0.0001) and systolic blood pressure pressure 140+/-13 and 142+/-13 mmHg (ns). In 10 (25%) pts the result was positive, in 24 (60%) negative, and in 6 (15%) - non-diagnostic. Non-diagnostic result of the test was due to pacemaker limitation (1 pts), and achieving Wenckebach point (5 pts). Test specificity was 95%, sensitivity 69%, accuracy - 85%. Significant occlusion in coronary angiography were observed in 40% pts (including 1-vessel disease - 12,5%). In left ventricle hypertrophy group (n=19), the EST accuracy was 87% (without significant difference with non-hypertrophy group). In the group with beta blockers therapy (n=16) the observed accuracy was 93%. The follow-up time was 963+/-497 days. The prognostic value of positive EST result for cardiac events was 80%, and for negative - 100%. None of the pts with negative stress echo result suffered any cardiac event.CONCLUSIONS: EST is a safe, short lasting examination with good quality of echo visualization. This method seems to be of important value in diagnosing the ischaemic heart disease in pts with pacemaker, also with left ventricle hypertrophy and obligatory beta blockers medication.
|
['Aged', 'Coronary Angiography', 'Echocardiography, Stress', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Myocardial Ischemia', 'Pacemaker, Artificial', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Prognosis', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Time Factors']
| 16,194,018
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['E01.370.350.130.625', 'E01.370.350.700.060.200', 'E01.370.370.050.200', 'E01.370.370.380.200'], ['E01.370.350.130.750.228', 'E01.370.350.850.220.228', 'E01.370.370.380.220.228'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C14.280.647', 'C14.907.585'], ['E07.305.250.750'], ['E05.318.370.800.650', 'N05.715.360.325.700.640', 'N06.850.520.445.800.650'], ['E01.789'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Neurovascular coupling in terms of a control system: validation of a second-order linear system model.
|
Neurovascular coupling (NC) adapts cerebral blood flow to cortical activity. Functional transcranial Doppler (f-TCD) investigations revealed a typical time course of evoked blood flow responses with an initial overshoot and a stabilization at a lower, but stable, level. This blood flow reaction can be described in terms of a control-system model. We tested reliability and validity of this new approach using different stimulation paradigms. The P2 segment of the posterior cerebral artery was insonated in 14 healthy volunteers and, subsequently, NC was stimulated using two tests, a checkerboard stimulus of 1 s with different repetition rates and a reading test. Data were analyzed according to algorithms of control-system theory. The reading test was used to measure test reliability and side differences. A second-order linear system can describe blood flow regulation of NC. Different stimulation protocols of the checkerboard test and the related evoked blood flow curves could be described by the same control-system model. Further, there were no differences between the checkerboard and reading test nor between right and left side or test and retest of the reading test. NC can be described in a much more detailed manner using control-system analysis. We were able to show that blood flow response due to different visual stimuli follow one common control-system model. Unlike quantification of NC using overshoot, parameters of the control system have smaller SDs, increasing the statistical power and, thereby, usefulness of f-TCD as a diagnostic instrument.
|
['Adult', 'Algorithms', 'Blood Flow Velocity', 'Cerebrovascular Circulation', 'Humans', 'Linear Models', 'Photic Stimulation', 'Reference Values', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Ultrasonography, Doppler, Transcranial', 'Visual Cortex']
| 11,397,527
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['E01.370.370.130', 'G09.330.380.630.080'], ['G09.330.100.159'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.740.500.500', 'E05.318.740.750.425', 'E05.599.835.750', 'N05.715.360.750.530.460', 'N05.715.360.750.695.460', 'N06.850.520.830.500.500', 'N06.850.520.830.750.425'], ['E05.723.729'], ['E05.978.810'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['E01.370.350.578.937.260.850', 'E01.370.350.700.560.260.850', 'E01.370.350.850.260.850', 'E01.370.350.850.850.870', 'E01.370.376.537.750.260.850', 'E05.629.937.260.850'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.571.735', 'A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.814.953']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Cortisol metabolism in human obesity: impaired cortisone-->cortisol conversion in subjects with central adiposity.
|
For a given body mass index (BMI), mortality is higher in patients with central compared to generalized obesity. Glucocorticoids play an important role in determining body fat distribution, but circulating cortisol concentrations are reported to be normal in obese patients. Our recent studies show enhanced conversion of inactive cortisone (E) to active cortisol (F) through the expression of 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11betaHSD1) in cultured omental adipose stromal cells; the autocrine production of F may be a crucial factor in the pathogenesis of central obesity. We have now analyzed F metabolism in subjects with BMIs between 20-25 kg/m2 (group A), 25-30 kg/m2 (group B), and more than 30 kg/m2 (group C; n 12 in each group; six males and six premenopausal females; aged 23-44 yr). Glucose/insulin were measured using a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test, and each subject had total body and regional fat (scapular, waist, hip, and thigh) quantified using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. Urinary total F metabolites (measured by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry) were increased in subjects with obesity [group A, 11,176 +/- 1,530 microg/24 h (mean +/- SE); group C, 13,661 +/- 1,444], although not significantly so (P = 0.08). There was a significant reduction in the urinary tetrahydrocortisol (THF) +/- 5alpha-THF/tetrahydrocortisone (THE) and the cortol/cortolone ratio in obesity (group A vs. C, 1.06 +/- 0.08 vs. 0.84 +/- 0.04 and 0.41 +/- 0.03 vs. 0.34 +/- 0.03, respectively; both P < 0.05). Urinary free F (UFF) excretion was similar in all three groups, as was the UFF/urinary free E (UFE) ratio. The 0900 h circulating F, E, and ACTH pre- and postovernight 1-mg dexamethasone suppression values were similar in all three groups, but a reduction in the generation of serum F from dexamethasone-suppressed values after oral cortisone acetate (25 mg) was evident in both obese groups [e.g. 546 +/- 37 nmol/L in group A vs. 412 +/- 40 in group B (P < 0.05) and 388 +/- 38 in group C (P < 0.01) 180 min post-E]. Insulin resistance was present in groups B and C, but regression analysis revealed no relationship between F metabolites or the THF +/- 5alpha-THF/THE ratio and insulin action (homeostasis model assessment analysis and insulin values in the oral glucose tolerance test). There was, however, a highly significant relationship between the THF +/- 5alpha-THF/THE ratio and BMI (t = -3.44; P < 0.01) and total body fat (t = -2.27; P < 0.05). Stepwise regression analyses indicated an inverse relationship between THF+/-5alpha-THF/THE and scapular and waist fat (t = -2.25; P = 0.03) and a direct relationship with hip and thigh fat (t = 2.42; P = 0.02) in both sexes. The fall in the THF + 5alpha-THF/THE ratio but unchanged UFF/UFE ratio together with impaired F concentrations after oral E indicates inhibition of 11betaHSD1 in subjects with obesity. This results in an increased MCR for F, explaining the increased F secretion rate in obesity in the face of normal circulating F concentrations. 11BetaHSD1 activity is highly related to body fat distribution, with android or central obesity, but not gynoid obesity, associated with reduced activity in both sexes. This reduction in 11betaHSD1 activity raises new questions as to the primary role of 11betaHSD1 in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and central obesity.
|
['Adipose Tissue', 'Adult', 'Body Constitution', 'Body Mass Index', 'Cortisone', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hydrocortisone', 'Male', 'Obesity', 'Tetrahydrocortisol', 'Tetrahydrocortisone']
| 10,084,590
|
[['A10.165.114'], ['M01.060.116'], ['E01.370.600.115', 'G07.100'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.125', 'E05.041.124.125', 'G07.100.100.125', 'N06.850.505.200.100.175'], ['D04.210.500.745.745.183', 'D06.472.040.585.478.195'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D04.210.500.745.745.654.600', 'D06.472.040.585.353.476', 'D06.472.040.585.478.392'], ['C18.654.726.500', 'C23.888.144.699.500', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120.699.500', 'G07.100.100.160.120.699.500'], ['D04.210.500.745.887', 'D06.472.040.585.353.825', 'D06.472.040.585.478.782'], ['D04.210.500.745.558.783', 'D06.472.040.585.478.865']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Contrasting effects of low or high copper intake on rat tissue lipid essential fatty acid composition.
|
The effects of low copper intake or copper supplementation on the metabolism of stearic acid have been studied previously, but their effects on essential fatty acids have not been reported. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed for 12 weeks on pelleted semi-synthetic diets containing less than 1 mg/kg copper (low copper), 6 mg/kg (copper control), or 250 mg/kg copper (copper supplemented). The fatty acid composition of the total phopholipids and triglycerides of plasma, liver, heart and adipose tissue was analyzed by gas liquid chromatography. In low copper rats compared to controls, palmitic and oleic acids were decreased but stearic acid and docosahexaenoic acid were increased in plasma, liver and heart phopholipids. Arachidonic acid was also increased in plasma and liver phospholipids in low copper rats. In liver triglycerides, linoleic and arachidonic acids were increased but palmitic and oleic acid were decreased in low copper rats. Copper supplementation had the opposite effect; palmitic and oleic acids were increased in phospholipids and triglycerides whereas essential fatty acids were generally decreased. Hence, copper not only has a direct effect on the desaturation of stearic acid but also has significant effects on the tissue lipid composition of essential fatty acids.
|
['Adipose Tissue', 'Animal Feed', 'Animals', 'Copper', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Fatty Acids', 'Fatty Acids, Essential', 'Food, Fortified', 'Lipids', 'Liver', 'Male', 'Myocardium', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Strains']
| 3,994,296
|
[['A10.165.114'], ['G07.203.300.300.100', 'J02.500.300.100'], ['B01.050'], ['D01.268.556.195', 'D01.268.956.170', 'D01.552.544.195'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['D10.251'], ['D10.251.355.310'], ['G07.203.300.515', 'J02.500.515'], ['D10'], ['A03.620'], ['A02.633.580', 'A07.541.704', 'A10.690.552.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Structure of the PH domain from Bruton's tyrosine kinase in complex with inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate.
|
BACKGROUND: The activity of Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk) is important for the maturation of B cells. A variety of point mutations in this enzyme result in a severe human immunodeficiency known as X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA). Btk contains a pleckstrin-homology (PH) domain that specifically binds phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate and, hence, responds to signalling via phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. Point mutations in the PH domain might abolish membrane binding, preventing signalling via Btk.RESULTS: We have determined the crystal structures of the wild-type PH domain and a gain-of-function mutant E41K in complex with D-myo-inositol 1,3,4,5-tetra-kisphosphate (Ins (1,3,4,5)P4). The inositol Ins (1,3,4,5)P4 binds to a site that is similar to the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate binding site in the PH domain of phospholipase C-delta. A second Ins (1,3,4,5)P4 molecule is associated with the domain of the E41K mutant, suggesting a mechanism for its constitutive interaction with membrane. The affinities of Ins (1,3,4,5)P4 to the wild type (Kd = 40 nM), and several XLA-causing mutants have been measured using isothermal titration calorimetry.CONCLUSIONS: Our data provide an explanation for the specificity and high affinity of the interaction with phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate and lead to a classification of the XLA mutations that reside in the Btk PH domain. Mis-sense mutations that do not simply destabilize the PH fold either directly affect the interaction with the phosphates of the lipid head group or change electrostatic properties of the lipid-binding site. One point mutation (Q127H) cannot be explained by these facts, suggesting that the PH domain of Btk carries an additional function such as interaction with a Galpha protein.
|
['Agammaglobulinaemia Tyrosine Kinase', 'Agammaglobulinemia', 'Amino Acid Sequence', 'Amino Acid Substitution', 'Calorimetry', 'Crystallography, X-Ray', 'Dimerization', 'Humans', 'Inositol Phosphates', 'Membrane Lipids', 'Models, Molecular', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Phosphatidylinositols', 'Point Mutation', 'Protein Structure, Tertiary', 'Protein-Tyrosine Kinases', 'Recombinant Fusion Proteins', 'Sequence Alignment', 'Sequence Homology, Amino Acid', 'Structure-Activity Relationship', 'Substrate Specificity', 'X Chromosome']
| 10,196,129
|
[['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.025'], ['C15.378.147.142', 'C15.604.515.032', 'C20.673.088'], ['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['E05.393.420.601.035', 'G05.558.109'], ['E05.196.131'], ['E05.196.309.742.225'], ['G02.206', 'G03.230'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D02.033.800.519.400', 'D09.853.519.400', 'D09.894.480'], ['D10.570'], ['E05.599.595'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['D10.570.755.375.760.400.942'], ['G05.365.590.675'], ['G02.111.570.820.709.610'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725'], ['D12.776.828.300'], ['E05.393.751'], ['G02.111.810.200', 'G05.810.200'], ['G02.111.830', 'G07.690.773.997'], ['G02.111.835'], ['A11.284.187.865.982', 'G05.360.162.865.982']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Model-based estimates of transmission of respiratory syncytial virus within households.
|
INTRODUCTION: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes a significant respiratory disease burden in the under 5 population. The transmission pathway to young children is not fully quantified in low-income settings, and this information is required to design interventions.METHODS: We used an individual level transmission model to infer transmission parameters using data collected from 493 individuals distributed across 47 households over a period of 6 months spanning the 2009/2010 RSV season. A total of 208 episodes of RSV were observed from 179 individuals. We model competing transmission risk from within household exposure and community exposure while making a distinction between RSV groups A and B.RESULTS: We find that 32-53% of all RSV transmissions are between members of the same household; the rate of pair-wise transmission is 58% (95% CrI: 30-74%) lower in larger households (?8 occupants) than smaller households; symptomatic individuals are 2-7 times more infectious than asymptomatic individuals i.e. 2.48 (95% CrI: 1.22-5.57) among symptomatic individuals with low viral load and 6.7(95% CrI: 2.56-16) among symptomatic individuals with high viral load; previous infection reduces susceptibility to re-infection within the same epidemic by 47% (95% CrI: 17%-68%) for homologous RSV group and 39% (95%CrI: -8%-69%) for heterologous group; RSV B is more frequently introduced into the household, and RSV A is more rapidly transmitted once in the household.DISCUSSION: Our analysis presents the first transmission modelling of cohort data for RSV and we find that it is important to consider the household social structuring and household size when modelling transmission. The increased infectiousness of symptomatic individuals implies that a vaccine against RSV related disease would also have an impact on infection transmission. Together, the weak cross immunity between RSV groups and the possibility of different transmission niches could form part of the explanation for the group co-existence.
|
['Adolescent', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Cohort Studies', 'Epidemics', 'Family Characteristics', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Kenya', 'Male', 'Models, Theoretical', 'Poverty', 'Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections', 'Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human', 'Rural Population', 'Seasons', 'Viral Load']
| 30,591,267
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['N06.850.290.200'], ['F01.829.263.315', 'I01.240.361', 'I01.880.853.150.423', 'N01.224.361', 'N01.824.308', 'N06.850.505.400.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['Z01.058.290.120.400'], ['E05.599'], ['I01.880.735.634', 'I01.880.853.996.535', 'N01.824.600'], ['C01.925.782.580.600.550.750'], ['B04.820.480.937.600.670.600.750.730'], ['N01.600.725'], ['G01.910.645.661', 'G16.500.275.071.590', 'N06.230.300.100.250.525'], ['E01.370.225.875.950', 'E05.200.875.950', 'G06.920.850']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Prevalence and significance of cardiovascular disease and hypertension in elderly patients with dementia and depression.
|
The prevalence and significance of clinical heart disease and hypertension were compared in three groups of elderly patients. One group was diagnosed as dementia of an Alzheimer's type (AD), another as multiinfarct dementia (MID), and the third as major depression. Clinical heart disease and hypertension were uncommon in the AD group with the prevalence being lower than that reported in most epidemiologic studies. Four percent of the AD patients had a history of myocardial infarction, 5% angina, 1% arrhythmias, and 3% heart failure. Electrocardiographic changes of an old myocardial infarction were present in 9%, atrial fibrillation in 1%, and left ventricular hypertrophy in 3%. A history of hypertension was present in 24% of the AD patients. In comparison, a history of myocardial infarction, angina, and heart failure was five times greater, and electrocardiographic abnormalities were twice as prevalent in the MID group. A history of hypertension was three times more common and actual blood pressure readings were higher. In the depression group heart disease was not uncommon and the prevalence, in general, was comparable with the MID group. However, a history of increased blood pressure and actual increased blood pressure readings were statistically less than in the MID group.
|
['Aged', 'Alzheimer Disease', 'Cardiovascular Diseases', 'Dementia', 'Depressive Disorder', 'Female', 'Heart Diseases', 'Humans', 'Hypertension', 'Male', 'Maryland']
| 4,019,997
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['C10.228.140.380.100', 'C10.574.945.249', 'F03.615.400.100'], ['C14'], ['C10.228.140.380', 'F03.615.400'], ['F03.600.300'], ['C14.280'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C14.907.489'], ['Z01.107.567.875.075.418', 'Z01.107.567.875.500.500']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
|
A novel monoacyldiglycosyl-monoacylglycerol from Flavobacterium marinotypicum.
|
A monoacyldiglycosyl-monoacylglycerol was isolated from the Gram-negative bacterium Flavobacterium marinotypicum (ATCC 19260). The structure was determined, mainly by spectral data, to be [alpha-glucopyranosyl-(1-->3)-O-(6-O-acyl-alpha-mannopyranosyl)]-O- acylglycerol.
|
['Carbohydrate Sequence', 'Flavobacterium', 'Glycolipids', 'Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Spectrometry, Mass, Fast Atom Bombardment']
| 10,217,728
|
[['G02.111.570.160', 'L01.453.245.667.160'], ['B03.440.080.190.250', 'B03.440.400.425.310.250'], ['D09.400.410', 'D10.390'], ['E05.196.867.519'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['E05.196.566.750']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Contact versus flexure fatigue of a fiber-filled composite.
|
OBJECTIVE: The intent of this project was to examine the effect of two different modes of fatigue loading, contact and flexure, on the flexure strength of a dental composite.METHODS: The composite was Restolux (a fiber-filled composite) formed as bars 3 mm x 3 mm x 25 mm in size. The cyclic loading ranges were 30-50, 60-80, and 90-110 N for contact loading and 20-40 and 40-60 N for the flexure loading. Number of cycles completed was 1, 1000 or 100,000 in four different media: air, water, artificial saliva, and a 50/50 mixture of water and ethanol. Specimens were aged in sealed polyethylene containers in their respective media for 4 months at 37 degrees C.RESULTS: Statistical analysis indicated a significantly lower flexure strength for the specimens flexure loaded versus contact loaded. For the flexure loaded specimens, the number of cycles had no significant effect, but the aging, load, and the media were all significant. For the contact loaded specimens, a significant effect was observed for the media, aging, and cycles completed, but no effect for the different cycling loads.SIGNIFICANCE: In summary, the decrease in flexure strength from flexure loading was mainly affected by the aging media, whereas, the decrease from contact loading was attributed mainly to the number of cycles.
|
['Air', 'Composite Resins', 'Dental Materials', 'Ethanol', 'Finite Element Analysis', 'Humans', 'Materials Testing', 'Pliability', 'Saliva, Artificial', 'Solvents', 'Stress, Mechanical', 'Surface Properties', 'Temperature', 'Time Factors', 'Water']
| 16,876,859
|
[['G16.500.275.063.150', 'N06.230.300.100.150'], ['D05.750.716.822.308', 'D25.339.816.500', 'D25.720.716.822.308', 'J01.637.051.339.816.500', 'J01.637.051.720.716.822.308'], ['D25.339', 'D27.720.102.339', 'J01.637.051.339'], ['D02.033.375'], ['E05.355'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.570'], ['G01.374.705'], ['D25.583.820', 'J01.637.051.583.820'], ['D27.720.844'], ['G01.374.835'], ['G02.860'], ['G01.906.595', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710', 'G16.500.750.775.710', 'N06.230.150.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710'], ['G01.910.857'], ['D01.045.250.875', 'D01.248.497.158.459.650', 'D01.650.550.925']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Backbone and side chain assignments of the second RNA-binding domain of Musashi-1 in its free form and in complex with 5-mer RNA.
|
Musashi1 (Msi1) is an RNA-binding protein that is involved in cell fate determination. Here, we report the 1H, 15N, and 13C resonance assignments of Msi1 second RNA-binding domain in free form and in complex with RNA. The assignments can be utilized for NMR structure and dynamics analyses of the Msi1:RNA complex, and moreover, for chemical shift perturbation analyses to evaluate the binding of potential small molecule inhibitors against Msi1:RNA interaction.
|
['Animals', 'Mice', 'Nerve Tissue Proteins', 'Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular', 'Protein Binding', 'Protein Domains', 'RNA', 'RNA-Binding Proteins']
| 28,808,919
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['D12.776.631'], ['E05.196.867.519.550'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808'], ['G02.111.570.820.709.275.750', 'G02.111.570.820.709.610.500'], ['D13.444.735'], ['D12.776.157.725', 'D12.776.664.962']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Supersensitivity to catecholamines after impairment of extraneuronal uptake or catechol-O-methyl transferase.
|
In cat papillary muscle and nictitating membrane block of extraneuronal catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT) by 3',4'-dihydroxy-alpha-methyl propiophenone (U-0521) or of extraneuronal uptake by hydrocortisone causes supersensitivity to catecholamines whenever the experimental conditions result in a high sensitivity of the organ to catecholamines. After block of monoamine oxidase the extraneuronal O-methylation of (-)-[3H]norepinephrine by the isolated nictiating membrane is due to two O-methylating systems (Km and Vmax: 7.5 muM and 0.73 nmoles - g-1 - min-1, and 131 muM and 8.5 nmoles - g-1 - min-1, respectively). Hydrocortisone (28 muM) blocked the activity of the high affinity system without affecting the low affinity system. Apparently, there exists an extraneuronal compartment of high affinity that has a hydrocortisone-sensitive uptake mechnism; this compartment influences the concentration of catecholamines below the Km of this compartment. Supersensitivity ensues when either uptake or enzyme is blocked. Since the sensitivity effects of U-0521 and hydrocortisone are not additive, the high affinity compartment must a) metabolize most of the catecholamine transported into the compartment, and b) have a limited storage capacity for catecholamines after block of COMT.
|
['Animals', 'Catechol O-Methyltransferase', 'Cats', 'Hydrocortisone', 'Kinetics', 'Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors', 'Neurons', 'Nictitating Membrane', 'Norepinephrine', 'Normetanephrine', 'Papillary Muscles', 'Receptors, Cell Surface']
| 169,167
|
[['B01.050'], ['D08.811.913.555.500.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.377.750.250.125'], ['D04.210.500.745.745.654.600', 'D06.472.040.585.353.476', 'D06.472.040.585.478.392'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['D27.505.519.389.616'], ['A08.675', 'A11.671'], ['A13.660'], ['D02.033.100.291.502', 'D02.092.063.480', 'D02.092.211.215.746', 'D02.092.311.830', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.175.830'], ['D02.033.100.291.502.651', 'D02.092.063.480.651', 'D02.092.211.215.746.651', 'D02.092.311.830.700', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.175.830.700', 'D23.101.140.540'], ['A02.633.580.680', 'A07.541.510.619', 'A07.541.704.750'], ['D12.776.543.750']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Analysis of subtraction methods in three-dimensional contrast-enhanced peripheral MR angiography.
|
PURPOSE: To compare the effectiveness of three image subtraction algorithms designed to improve arterial conspicuity in first-pass contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) angiography.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three subtraction methods were analyzed through computer simulations, phantom studies, and clinical studies. These algorithms were: complex subtraction, magnitude subtraction, and maximum intensity projection subtraction.RESULTS: In high resolution three-dimensional imaging, maximum intensity projection subtraction generally yields the best background suppression. Complex subtraction is effective in reducing partial volume effects in low resolution imaging. Magnitude subtraction works better in high resolution, low contrast concentration protocols.CONCLUSION: Choosing the appropriate subtraction method according to the protocol is helpful in optimizing image quality.
|
['Algorithms', 'Angiography, Digital Subtraction', 'Computer Simulation', 'Contrast Media', 'Gadolinium DTPA', 'Humans', 'Magnetic Resonance Angiography', 'Peripheral Vascular Diseases', 'Phantoms, Imaging']
| 11,997,895
|
[['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['E01.370.350.600.350.700.060', 'E01.370.350.700.060.060', 'E01.370.350.700.700.060', 'E01.370.350.760.060', 'E01.370.370.050.060'], ['L01.224.160'], ['D27.505.259.500', 'D27.720.259'], ['D02.092.782.590.401', 'D02.241.081.018.639.400', 'D02.257.141'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.825.500.500', 'E01.370.370.050.500'], ['C14.907.617'], ['E07.671']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Hepatic ACAT2 knock down increases ABCA1 and modifies HDL metabolism in mice.
|
OBJECTIVES: ACAT2 is the exclusive cholesterol-esterifying enzyme in hepatocytes and enterocytes. Hepatic ABCA1 transfers unesterified cholesterol (UC) to apoAI, thus generating HDL. By changing the hepatic UC pool available for ABCA1, ACAT2 may affect HDL metabolism. The aim of this study was to reveal whether hepatic ACAT2 influences HDL metabolism.DESIGN: WT and LXRá/â double knockout (DOKO) mice were fed a western-type diet for 8 weeks. Animals were i.p. injected with an antisense oligonucleotide targeted to hepatic ACAT2 (ASO6), or with an ASO control. Injections started 4 weeks after, or concomitantly with, the beginning of the diet.RESULTS: ASO6 reduced liver cholesteryl esters, while not inducing UC accumulation. ASO6 increased hepatic ABCA1 protein independently of the diet conditions. ASO6 affected HDL lipids (increased UC) only in DOKO, while it increased apoE-containing HDL in both genotypes. In WT mice ASO6 led to the appearance of large HDL enriched in apoAI and apoE.CONCLUSIONS: The use of ASO6 revealed a new pathway by which the liver may contribute to HDL metabolism in mice. ACAT2 seems to be a hepatic player affecting the cholesterol fluxes fated to VLDL or to HDL, the latter via up-regulation of ABCA1.
|
['ATP Binding Cassette Transporter 1', 'Animals', 'Base Sequence', 'Cell Line', 'Down-Regulation', 'Lipoproteins, HDL', 'Liver', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Knockout', 'Oligonucleotides, Antisense', 'Sterol O-Acyltransferase']
| 24,695,360
|
[['D12.776.157.530.100.050.500', 'D12.776.395.550.020.381.500', 'D12.776.543.550.192.381.500', 'D12.776.543.585.100.190.500'], ['B01.050'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['A11.251.210'], ['G02.111.240', 'G05.308.200', 'G07.690.773.937'], ['D10.532.432', 'D12.776.521.479'], ['A03.620'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.136.500.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.455', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800.500'], ['D13.150.480', 'D13.444.600.150.640', 'D13.695.578.424.480', 'D27.720.470.530.600.150.640'], ['D08.811.913.050.799']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Etiologic types of end-stage chronic liver disease in adults: analysis of prevalence and their temporal changes from a study on native liver explants.
|
BACKGROUND: Whole native livers from orthotopic liver transplant (LT) recipients provide an ideal resource material for the proper identification and etiologic evaluation of end-stage liver diseases in these patients. This study determined the etiologic types of chronic liver disease (CLD) in adults of our geographic region receiving living donor LT and projected approximate estimates of their current prevalence and temporal changes in these in the general population.MATERIALS AND METHODS: The final etiologic categorization of CLD in 372 adult LT recipients was made only after correlating the morphologic findings on explanted whole native livers with all pre-LT data and diagnosis.RESULTS: The final etiologic categorizations of end-stage CLD in the majority (88.4%) of explanted livers in our series were as follows: hepatitis virus related--48.6% [hepatitis C virus (HCV)--31.1%, hepatitis B virus (HBV)--15.9%, HCV and HBV--1.6%]; alcohol related--23.1%; and NALD related--16.7%. Of 84 cases clinically considered as cryptogenic cirrhosis, 57 and nine were finally categorized as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) cirrhosis and noncirrhotic portal fibrosis, respectively. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was found in 20.7% of all livers, 81.8% of these tumors developing in HBV-related and/or HCV-related CLD and 9.1% each in alcohol-related and NAFLD-related CLD.CONCLUSION: The etiology of end-stage CLD in adults of our region has changed over time. HCV, more than HBV, is now the major cause of both CLD and HCC; alcohol-related CLD has increased significantly and several cases of cirrhosis clinically considered as cryptogenic, some of them with HCC, evolve from NAFLD. A proportion of cryptogenic cirrhosis cases that require LT are constituted by the noncirrhotic disease noncirrhotic portal fibrosis.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Carcinoma, Hepatocellular', 'End Stage Liver Disease', 'Fatty Liver', 'Female', 'Hepatitis B', 'Hepatitis C', 'Humans', 'India', 'Liver', 'Liver Cirrhosis', 'Liver Neoplasms', 'Liver Transplantation', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease', 'Prevalence']
| 22,751,227
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C04.557.470.200.025.255', 'C04.588.274.623.160', 'C06.301.623.160', 'C06.552.697.160'], ['C06.552.308.500.177'], ['C06.552.241'], ['C01.221.250.500', 'C01.925.256.430.400', 'C01.925.440.435', 'C06.552.380.705.437'], ['C01.221.250.750', 'C01.925.440.440', 'C01.925.782.350.350', 'C06.552.380.705.440'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.252.245.393'], ['A03.620'], ['C06.552.630', 'C23.550.355.412'], ['C04.588.274.623', 'C06.301.623', 'C06.552.697'], ['E02.095.147.725.490', 'E04.210.650', 'E04.936.450.490', 'E04.936.580.490'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C06.552.241.519'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Spiral T1 Spin-Echo for Routine Postcontrast Brain MRI Exams: A Multicenter Multireader Clinical Evaluation.
|
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Spiral MR imaging has several advantages compared with Cartesian MR imaging that can be leveraged for added clinical value. A multicenter multireader study was designed to compare spiral with standard-of-care Cartesian postcontrast structural brain MR imaging on the basis of relative performance in 10 metrics of image quality, artifact prevalence, and diagnostic benefit.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seven clinical sites acquired 88 total subjects. For each subject, sites acquired 2 postcontrast MR imaging scans: a spiral 2D T1 spin-echo, and 1 of 4 routine Cartesian 2D T1 spin-echo/TSE scans (fully sampled spin-echo at 3T, 1.5T, partial Fourier, TSE). The spiral acquisition matched the Cartesian scan for scan time, geometry, and contrast. Nine neuroradiologists independently reviewed each subject, with the matching pair of spiral and Cartesian scans compared side-by-side, and scored on 10 image-quality metrics (5-point Likert scale) focused on intracranial assessment. The Wilcoxon signed rank test evaluated relative performance of spiral versus Cartesian, while the Kruskal-Wallis test assessed interprotocol differences.RESULTS: Spiral was superior to Cartesian in 7 of 10 metrics (flow artifact mitigation, SNR, GM/WM contrast, image sharpness, lesion conspicuity, preference for diagnosing abnormal enhancement, and overall intracranial image quality), comparable in 1 of 10 metrics (motion artifacts), and inferior in 2 of 10 metrics (susceptibility artifacts, overall extracranial image quality) related to magnetic susceptibility (P < .05). Interprotocol comparison confirmed relatively higher SNR and GM/WM contrast for partial Fourier and TSE protocol groups, respectively (P < .05).CONCLUSIONS: Spiral 2D T1 spin-echo for routine structural brain MR imaging is feasible in the clinic with conventional scanners and was preferred by neuroradiologists for overall postcontrast intracranial evaluation.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Artifacts', 'Brain', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Image Enhancement', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neuroimaging']
| 32,029,467
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E05.047'], ['A08.186.211'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.600.350', 'L01.224.308.380'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.370.350.578', 'E01.370.376.537', 'E05.629']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Evaluation of API 20 NE in routine diagnostics of nonfermenting gram-negative rod-shaped bacteria.
|
292 strains of non-fermenting Gram-negative rod-shaped bacteria were determined by standard methods and tested in a new commercial microidentification-system, the API 20 NE (api Biom?rieux). A total of 282 (= 96,6%) strains were identified conformably; 130 (= 46,1%) after 24 h and 77 (= 27,3%) within 48 h. In 75 (= 26,6%) cases different conventional additional tests for determination to species level were necessary. The reasons for divergent results of 10 strains are discussed. The new microidentification system API 20 NE might be a simple and reliable tool in hand of the skilled medical microbiologist.
|
['Alcaligenes', 'Bacteriological Techniques', 'Carbohydrate Metabolism', 'Flavobacterium', 'Gram-Negative Bacteria', 'Moraxella', 'Pseudomonas']
| 3,890,425
|
[['B03.440.400.425.115.050', 'B03.660.075.090.344.050'], ['E01.370.225.875.150', 'E05.200.875.150'], ['G02.111.158', 'G03.191'], ['B03.440.080.190.250', 'B03.440.400.425.310.250'], ['B03.440'], ['B03.440.400.425.537.525', 'B03.660.250.530.525'], ['B03.440.400.425.625.625', 'B03.660.250.580.590']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Effect of topical corticosteroid application frequency on histamine-induced wheals.
|
BACKGROUND: Very few studies have been conducted to assess the effect of corticosteroid application frequency to attain maximum benefit with minimum side-effects.OBJECTIVES: Compare the efficacy of twice-daily, once-daily and alternate-day applications of clobetasol propionate (0.05%) and compare whether an initial once-daily application followed by a subsequent alternate-day application is as effective as a once-daily application.METHODS: The ability of corticosteroids to suppress histamine-induced wheals on human skin was used as a human bioassay model. Of the 26 subjects included, 21 completed the 1st phase. In the 2nd phase, 11 subjects were included and all completed the study. Four sites were chosen on the left forearm. Clobetasol propionate (0.05%) was applied twice daily, once daily, and on alternate days, and on the control site a color, texture and odour-matched vehicle was applied. Prick test with histamine was carried out after 10 days. In the 2nd phase, clobetasol propionate (0.05%) was applied once daily for 14 days and compared with the initial once daily for 7 days and the subsequent alternate-day application for 7 days. Prick test was carried out after 14 days.RESULTS: The once-daily application of clobetasol propionate (0.05%) was as effective as the twice-daily application, but the alternate-day application was less effective than the once-daily application (P < 0.01). Also, the initial-daily and subsequent alternate-day applications were not as effective as the continuous once-daily application (P < 0.05).CONCLUSION: A once-daily application of clobetasol propionate (0.05%) is likely to provide the required therapeutic effect.
|
['Administration, Cutaneous', 'Clobetasol', 'Drug Administration Schedule', 'Glucocorticoids', 'Histamine', 'Humans', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Urticaria']
| 15,869,544
|
[['E02.319.267.120.060'], ['D04.210.500.908.093.250'], ['E02.319.283'], ['D06.472.040.543', 'D27.505.696.399.472.488'], ['D02.092.211.215.501', 'D02.092.471.440', 'D03.383.129.308.373', 'D23.469.050.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['C17.800.862.945', 'C20.543.480.904']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
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