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Binocular indirect argon laser photocoagulator.
|
The binocular indirect argon laser photocoagulator was newly designed to enable visualisation of the entire fundus during panretinal laser photocoagulation and to treat retinal tears immediately after buckling procedures of the sclera. The lamp housing of the binocular ophthalmoscope was remodelled and adjusted so that the laser beam and illuminating light are coaxial after leaving the ophthalmoscope. The blocking filter was permanently fixed in the eye-pieces to lighten the weight of the ophthalmoscope. This new delivery system of the laser beam supplies the clinician with a better view of the whole fundus than the standard slit-lamp delivery system, and may become the ideal method for panretinal photocoagulation in the treatment of diabetic retinopathy and central retinal vein obstruction and for the repair of retinal tears. However, a fine and delicate laser technique in the posterior pole does not suit the function of this new delivery system well. Proper use of photocoagulation therapy by combining the standard and the new delivery system of the laser beam is preferable, depending on the location and nature of the retinal lesions.
|
['Argon', 'Humans', 'Laser Therapy', 'Lasers', 'Retina', 'Retinal Detachment', 'Retinal Diseases']
| 7,196,254
|
[['D01.268.613.050', 'D01.362.641.113'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.594', 'E04.014.520'], ['E07.632.490', 'E07.710.520'], ['A09.371.729'], ['C11.768.648'], ['C11.768']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Abalone collagens: immunological properties and seasonal changes of their mRNA levels.
|
The antisera were raised against pepsin-solubilized abalone collagen and its corresponding gelatin. The reactivity against abalone collagen was higher with the anti-collagen than anti-gelatin antiserum. The two antisera recognized all type I collagens from various vertebrates, whereas these had no reactivity against vertebrate type III and type V collagens. Furthermore, both antisera reacted with only alpha 2(I) chains from chicken, rat, and calf. The strong reactivity was observed against the two antisera in the case of invertebrate and protochordate collagens, especially for turban shell collagen. The seasonal changes of collagen mRNA levels were examined in relation to those of collagen content. Haliotis discus collagens (Hdcols) 1 alpha and 2 alpha coding for abalone collagen pro alpha-chains showed quite similar patterns. The highest mRNA levels in adductor and foot muscles for the two collagens were observed in December and January, in good agreement with the increase of collagen content. The mRNA levels decreased in July and August when collagen content decreased. These results indicate that collagen transcription levels are closely related to collagen contents.
|
['Animals', 'Cattle', 'Collagen', 'Cross Reactions', 'Female', 'Mollusca', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Rabbits', 'Rats', 'Seasons']
| 10,825,665
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['D05.750.078.280', 'D12.776.860.300.250'], ['G12.122.281'], ['B01.050.500.644'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.968.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['G01.910.645.661', 'G16.500.275.071.590', 'N06.230.300.100.250.525']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
dbCRSR: a manually curated database for regulation of cancer radiosensitivity.
|
Radiotherapy is used to treat approximately 50% of all cancer patients, with varying prognoses. Intrinsic radiosensitivity is an important factor underlying the radiotherapeutic efficacy of this precise treatment. During the past decades, great efforts have been made to improve radiotherapy treatment through multiple strategies. However, invaluable data remains buried in the extensive radiotherapy literature, making it difficult to obtain an overall view of the detailed mechanisms leading to radiosensitivity, thus limiting advances in radiotherapy. To address this issue, we collected data from the relevant literature contained in the PubMed database and developed a literature-based database that we term the cancer radiosensitivity regulation factors database (dbCRSR). dbCRSR is a manually curated catalogue of radiosensitivity, containing multiple radiosensitivity regulation factors (395 coding genes, 119 non-coding RNAs and 306 chemical compounds) with appropriate annotation. To illustrate the value of the data we collected, data mining was performed including functional annotation and network analysis. In summary, dbCRSR is the first literature-based database to focus on radiosensitivity and provides a resource to better understand the detailed mechanisms of radiosensitivity. We anticipate dbCRSR will be a useful resource to enrich our knowledge and to promote further study of radiosensitivity.Database URL: http://bioinfo.ahu.edu.cn: 8080/dbCRSR/.
|
['Animals', 'Data Curation', 'Data Mining', 'Databases, Bibliographic', 'Humans', 'Neoplasms', 'Radiation Tolerance']
| 29,860,480
|
[['B01.050'], ['L01.313.500.875.500', 'L01.453.245.332'], ['L01.313.500.750.280.199', 'L01.470.625'], ['L01.313.500.750.300.188.300', 'L01.470.750.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04'], ['G04.712', 'G07.738']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in children and adolescents with type-1 diabetes attending summer camps in France.
|
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate, using fundus photography, the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in young diabetic subjects attending summer camps run by the Aide aux Jeunes Diab?tiques Association (Aid to Young Diabetics).RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Five hundred and four children and adolescents (250 boys and 254 girls), with type 1 diabetes mellitus, aged 10-18 years (mean:13+/-2), were screened for DR using non mydriatic photography, during their stay in a holiday camp. Demographic and clinical data recorded on subjects' arrival in the camp included date of birth, height, weight, treatment, blood pressure, and duration of diabetes. HbA(1c) was determined with a DCA 2000 kit.RESULTS: Mean diabetes duration was 4.8+/-3.4 years and mean HbA(1c) was 8.5+/-1.3%. Mild non proliferative DR was diagnosed in 23 children (4.6%). Compared to subjects without DR, those with DR were significantly older (P<10(-3)), had a longer duration of diabetes (P=0.001), higher systolic blood pressure (P=0.04), and had higher (but not significantly so) HbA(1c) (P=0.15). After adjustment for age, only longer duration remained significantly associated with DR (P=0.01).CONCLUSION: The prevalence of DR in these young patients was low compared to that reported in previous studies. The decrease may be due to modern diabetes care with multiple insulin injections. However, early detection of DR in adolescents, especially in their late teens, remains important, because it allows the identification of patients at high risk of progression towards severe stages of DR.
|
['Adolescent', 'Camping', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1', 'Diabetic Retinopathy', 'Female', 'Fluorescein Angiography', 'France', 'Glycated Hemoglobin A', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Prediabetic State', 'Prevalence']
| 17,625,942
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['I03.450.642.159'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['C18.452.394.750.124', 'C19.246.267', 'C20.111.327'], ['C11.768.257', 'C14.907.320.382', 'C19.246.099.500.382'], ['E01.370.370.050.350', 'E01.370.380.250'], ['Z01.542.286'], ['D09.400.430.937', 'D12.776.124.400.405.440', 'D12.776.395.381', 'D12.776.422.316.762.380.440'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C18.452.394.750.774', 'C19.246.774'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Sustainability criteria for assessing nanotechnology applicability in industrial wastewater treatment: Current status and future outlook.
|
Application of engineered nanomaterials for the treatment of industrial effluents and to deal with recalcitrant pollutants has been noticeably promoted in recent years. Laboratory, pilot and full-scale studies emphasize the potential of this technology to offer promising treatment options to meet the future needs for clean water resources and to comply with stringent environmental regulations. The technology is now in the stage of being transferred to the real applications. Therefore, the assessment of its performance according to sustainability criteria and their incorporation into the decision-making process is a key task to ensure that long term benefits are achieved from the nano-treatment technologies. In this study, the importance of sustainability criteria for the conventional and novel technologies for the treatment of industrial effluents was determined in a general approach assisted by a fuzzy-Delphi method. The criteria were categorized in technical, economic, environmental and social branches and the current situation of the nanotechnology regarding the criteria was critically discussed. The results indicate that the efficiency and safety are the most important parameters to make sustainable choices for the treatment of industrial effluents. Also, in addition to the need for scaling-up the nanotechnology in various stages, the study on their environmental footprint must continue in deeper scales under expected environmental conditions, in particular the synthesis of engineered nanomaterials and the development of reactors with the ability of recovery and reuse the nanomaterials. This paper will aid to select the most sustainable types of nanomaterials for the real applications and to guide the future studies in this field.
|
['Environmental Pollutants', 'Environmental Restoration and Remediation', 'Industry', 'Nanostructures', 'Nanotechnology', 'Waste Water', 'Water Purification']
| 30,731,376
|
[['D27.888.284'], ['N06.230.080.600', 'N06.850.460.375'], ['J01.576'], ['J01.637.512'], ['H01.603', 'J01.897.520.600'], ['D20.944.932', 'N06.850.460.710.865'], ['N06.850.780.200.800.800.900.900', 'N06.850.860.510.900.900']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Peptides derived from specific interaction sites of the fibroblast growth factor 2-FGF receptor complexes induce receptor activation and signaling.
|
Basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF2, bFGF) is the most extensively studied member of the FGF family and is involved in neurogenesis, differentiation, neuroprotection, and synaptic plasticity in the CNS. FGF2 executes its pleiotropic biologic actions by binding, dimerizing, and activating FGF receptors (FGFRs). The present study reports the physiologic impact of various FGF2-FGFR1 contact sites employing three different synthetic peptides, termed canofins, designed based on structural analysis of the interactions between FGF2 and FGFR1. Canofins mimic the cognate ligand interaction with the receptor and preserve the neuritogenic and neuroprotective properties of FGF2. Canofins were shown by surface plasmon resonance analysis to bind to FGFR1 and promote receptor activation. However, FGF2-induced receptor phosphorylation was inhibited by canofins, indicating that canofins are partial FGFR agonists. Furthermore, canofins were demonstrated to induce neuronal differentiation determined by neurite outgrowth from cerebellar granule neurons, and this effect was dependent on FGFR activation. Additionally, canofins acted as neuroprotectants, promoting survival of cerebellar granule neurons induced to undergo apoptosis. Our results suggest that canofins mirror the effect of specific interaction sites in FGF2 for FGFR. Thus, canofins are valuable pharmacological tools to study the functional roles of specific molecular interactions of FGF2 with FGFR.
|
['Animals', 'Apoptosis', 'Cell Differentiation', 'Cell Survival', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Cerebellum', 'Dendrimers', 'Drug Partial Agonism', 'Fibroblast Growth Factor 2', 'Ligands', 'Models, Molecular', 'Neurites', 'Neurons', 'Neuroprotective Agents', 'Oligopeptides', 'Phosphorylation', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 1', 'Surface Plasmon Resonance']
| 20,374,425
|
[['B01.050'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['G04.152'], ['G04.346'], ['A11.251'], ['A08.186.211.132.810.428.200'], ['D05.750.327', 'E02.319.300.380.200', 'J01.637.512.600.200'], ['G07.690.773.968.154.500'], ['D12.644.276.624.120', 'D12.776.467.624.120', 'D23.529.624.120'], ['D27.720.470.480'], ['E05.599.595'], ['A08.675.256.500', 'A08.675.542.145.500', 'A11.284.180.610', 'A11.671.501.145.500', 'A11.671.543'], ['A08.675', 'A11.671'], ['D27.505.696.706.548', 'D27.505.954.427.575'], ['D12.644.456'], ['G02.111.665', 'G02.607.780', 'G03.796'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.400.177', 'D12.776.543.750.630.440', 'D12.776.543.750.750.400.370.500'], ['E05.196.890', 'E05.601.043.700']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Streptomyces caldifontis sp. nov., isolated from a hot water spring of Tatta Pani, Kotli, Pakistan.
|
A Gram-staining positive, non-motile, rod-shaped, catalase positive and oxidase negative bacterium, designated NCCP-1331T, was isolated from a hot water spring soil collected from Tatta Pani, Kotli, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan. The isolate grew at a temperature range of 18-40 °C (optimum 30 °C), pH 6.0-9.0 (optimum 7.0) and with 0-6 % NaCl (optimum 2 % NaCl (w/v)). The phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain NCCP-1331T belonged to the genus Streptomyces and is closely related to Streptomyces brevispora BK160T with 97.9 % nucleotide similarity, followed by Streptomyces drosdowiczii NRRL B-24297T with 97.8 % nucleotide similarity. The DNA-DNA relatedness values of strain NCCP-1331T with S. brevispora KACC 21093T and S. drosdowiczii CBMAI 0498T were 42.7 and 34.7 %, respectively. LL-DAP was detected as diagnostic amino acid along with alanine, glycine, leucine and glutamic acid. The isolate contained MK-9(H8) as the predominant menaquinone. Major polar lipids detected in NCCP-1331T were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and unidentified phospholipids. Major fatty acids were iso-C16: 0, summed feature 8 (18:1 ù7c/18:1 ù6c), anteiso-C15:0 and C16:0. The genomic DNA G + C content was 69.8 mol %. On the basis of phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analysis, it is concluded that strain NCCP-1331T represents a novel species of the genus Streptomyces, for which the name Streptomyces caldifontis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is NCCP-1331T (=KCTC 39537T = CPCC 204147T).
|
['Bacterial Typing Techniques', 'Base Composition', 'DNA, Bacterial', 'DNA, Ribosomal', 'Fatty Acids', 'Hot Springs', 'Pakistan', 'Phylogeny', 'RNA, Ribosomal, 16S', 'Streptomyces']
| 27,730,318
|
[['E01.370.225.875.150.125', 'E05.200.875.150.125'], ['G02.111.080'], ['D13.444.308.212'], ['D13.444.308.475'], ['D10.251'], ['G01.311.355.750.500', 'G16.500.275.260.500'], ['Z01.252.245.723'], ['G05.697', 'G16.075.605', 'L01.100.697'], ['D13.444.735.686.670'], ['B03.300.390.400.810.768', 'B03.510.024.997.775', 'B03.510.415.400.810.768', 'B03.510.460.410.810.768']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
|
Big endothelin in patients with complicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria.
|
Plasma concentrations of big endothelin-1 were determined by ELISA in 18 patients with complicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Bangkok. Before therapy, elevated levels were recorded (21 +/- 12 vs. 2.9 +/- 1.1 pmol/L in age- and sex-matched healthy subjects; P < .001). Even 7 days after therapy, elevated concentrations were seen (25 +/- 14 pmol/L). Plasma endothelin levels were correlated with levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (r = .632, P < .01), and a negative correlation with platelet counts was seen (r = .783, P < .005). No relation between plasma endothelin concentrations and parasitemia, fever, or other indices of severe infection (hypotension, renal, hepatic or pulmonary impairment, cerebral malaria) existed. During and after complicated malaria, increased levels of plasma endothelin could contribute to malarial pathology or reflect endothelial damage or both.
|
['Antimalarials', 'Artemisinins', 'Artesunate', 'Endothelin-1', 'Endothelins', 'Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay', 'Humans', 'Interleukin-6', 'Malaria, Cerebral', 'Malaria, Falciparum', 'Matched-Pair Analysis', 'Platelet Count', 'Protein Precursors', 'Renal Insufficiency', 'Sesquiterpenes', 'Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha']
| 8,627,087
|
[['D27.505.954.122.250.100.085'], ['D01.248.497.158.685.750.212', 'D01.339.431.374.212', 'D01.650.550.750.200', 'D02.389.338.055', 'D02.455.849.765.211'], ['D01.248.497.158.685.750.212.500', 'D01.339.431.374.212.500', 'D01.650.550.750.200.500', 'D02.389.338.055.500', 'D02.455.849.765.211.500'], ['D12.644.276.400.225', 'D12.776.467.400.225', 'D23.529.400.225'], ['D12.644.276.400', 'D12.776.467.400', 'D23.529.400'], ['E05.478.566.350.170', 'E05.478.566.380.360', 'E05.478.583.400.170', 'E05.601.470.350.170', 'E05.601.470.380.360'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.224', 'D12.776.467.374.465.202', 'D23.529.374.465.224'], ['C01.207.205.300.500', 'C01.610.105.300.500', 'C01.610.752.530.620', 'C01.920.875.620', 'C10.228.228.205.300.500'], ['C01.610.752.530.650', 'C01.920.875.650'], ['E05.318.370.485', 'E05.318.740.475', 'N05.715.360.325.500', 'N05.715.360.750.500', 'N06.850.520.445.485', 'N06.850.520.830.475'], ['E01.370.225.500.195.107.740', 'E01.370.225.625.107.700', 'E01.370.225.625.625.625', 'E05.200.500.195.107.740', 'E05.200.625.107.700', 'E05.200.625.625.625', 'E05.242.195.107.740', 'G04.140.107.740', 'G09.188.105.700'], ['D12.776.811'], ['C12.777.419.780', 'C13.351.968.419.780'], ['D02.455.849.765'], ['D12.644.276.374.500.800', 'D12.644.276.374.750.626', 'D12.776.124.900', 'D12.776.395.930', 'D12.776.467.374.500.800', 'D12.776.467.374.750.626', 'D23.529.374.500.800', 'D23.529.374.750.626']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Zero-stress state of intra- and extraparenchymal airways from human, pig, rabbit, and sheep lung.
|
Alterations in airway wall anatomic properties and the consequential effects on airway narrowing have been assessed by use of computational models. In these models, it is generally assumed that at zero transmural pressure the airway wall exists in a zero-stress state. Many studies have shown that this is often not the case, as evidenced by a nonzero opening angle. In this study, we measured the opening angle of airway rings at zero transmural pressure to test this assumption. The airway tree was dissected from human, pig, sheep, and rabbit lungs. Airways were excised from the tree, and the opening angle was measured. There were obvious species and regional differences in opening angle. Rabbit airways from both extraparenchymal and intraparenchymal sites exhibited marked opening angles (7-82 degrees). Extraparenchymal airways from sheep had large opening angles (up to 50 degrees), but ovine intraparenchymal airways had small opening angles. Measurable opening angles were rarely observed in human and porcine airways of any size. The assumption of a stable zero-stress state at zero transmural pressure is therefore valid for human and porcine, but not rabbit and sheep, airways.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Animals', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Lung', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Pressure', 'Rabbits', 'Sheep', 'Swine']
| 11,842,066
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A04.411'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G01.374.715'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.968.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.791'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.880']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Supplementation with grape seed polyphenols results in increased urinary excretion of 3-hydroxyphenylpropionic Acid, an important metabolite of proanthocyanidins in humans.
|
Grape seed extract provides a concentrated source of polyphenols, most of which are proanthocyanidins. Polymeric proanthocyanidins are poorly absorbed in the small intestine of humans, and exposure may result from metabolism to phenolic acids by colonic bacteria. Any biological effects of proanthocyanidins may be due to the phenolic acid metabolites. Several phenolic acids have been identified as proanthocyanidin metabolites, but these may be derived from a range of other dietary sources. The aim of this study was to determine if 24-h urinary excretion of specific phenolic acids increased significantly and consistently following regular supplementation with grape seed extract. In a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled trial, 69 volunteers received grape seed extract (1000 mg/day total polyphenols) or placebo for 6 weeks. Supplementation with grape seed polyphenols resulted in a consistent increase in the excretion of 3-hydroxyphenylpropionic acid (3-HPP, P < 0.001) and 4-O-methylgallic acid (P < 0.001) and a less consistent increase in the excretion of 3-hydroxyphenylacetic acid (P = 0.002). The observed increase in 3-HPP is in line with the suggestion that this compound is a major phenolic acid breakdown product of proanthocyanidin metabolism in vivo.
|
['Biflavonoids', 'Catechin', 'Diet', 'Diet Records', 'Dietary Supplements', 'Female', 'Flavonoids', 'Fruit', 'Humans', 'Hydroxybenzoates', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Phenols', 'Polyphenols', 'Proanthocyanidins', 'Propionates', 'Seeds', 'Tea', 'Vegetables', 'Vitis']
| 15,315,398
|
[['D03.383.663.283.266.450.190', 'D03.633.100.150.266.450.190'], ['D03.383.663.283.240.190', 'D03.383.663.283.266.450.206', 'D03.633.100.150.240.190', 'D03.633.100.150.266.450.206'], ['G07.203.650.240'], ['N04.452.859.360'], ['G07.203.300.456', 'J02.500.456'], ['D03.383.663.283.266.450', 'D03.633.100.150.266.450'], ['A18.024.500', 'G07.203.300.562', 'J02.500.562'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D02.241.223.100.300', 'D02.241.511.390', 'D02.455.426.559.389.127.281', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.410'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.657'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.657.715', 'D03.633.100.150.266.450.260.777'], ['D03.383.663.283.266.450.700', 'D03.633.100.150.266.450.700', 'D05.750.078.937.429'], ['D02.241.081.751', 'D10.251.400.706'], ['A18.024.500.750', 'G07.203.300.775', 'J02.500.775'], ['D20.215.784.844', 'G07.203.100.831', 'J02.200.831'], ['B01.650.160.956', 'B01.650.510.956', 'G07.203.300.850', 'J02.500.850'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.965.500']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Parturition failure in mice lacking Mamld1.
|
In mice, the onset of parturition is triggered by a rapid decline in circulating progesterone. Progesterone withdrawal occurs as a result of functional luteolysis, which is characterized by an increase in the enzymatic activity of 20á-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (20á-HSD) in the corpus luteum and is mediated by the prostaglandin F2á (PGF2á) signaling. Here, we report that the genetic knockout (KO) of Mamld1, which encodes a putative non-DNA-binding regulator of testicular steroidogenesis, caused defective functional luteolysis and subsequent parturition failure and neonatal deaths. Progesterone receptor inhibition induced the onset of parturition in pregnant KO mice, and MAMLD1 regulated the expression of Akr1c18, the gene encoding 20á-HSD, in cultured cells. Ovaries of KO mice at late gestation were morphologically unremarkable; however, Akr1c18 expression was reduced and expression of its suppressor Stat5b was markedly increased. Several other genes including Prlr, Cyp19a1, Oxtr, and Lgals3 were also dysregulated in the KO ovaries, whereas PGF2á signaling genes remained unaffected. These results highlight the role of MAMLD1 in labour initiation. MAMLD1 likely participates in functional luteolysis by regulating Stat5b and other genes, independent of the PGF2á signaling pathway.
|
['Animals', 'Cell Line', 'Cholesterol Side-Chain Cleavage Enzyme', 'Estradiol Dehydrogenases', 'Female', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic', 'Male', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Mice, Knockout', 'Ovary', 'Parturition', 'Pregnancy', 'STAT5 Transcription Factor', 'Transcription Factors']
| 26,435,405
|
[['B01.050'], ['A11.251.210'], ['D08.244.453.484.250', 'D08.244.453.915.212', 'D08.811.682.690.708.170.425.250', 'D08.811.682.690.708.170.915.212', 'D12.776.422.220.453.484.250', 'D12.776.422.220.453.915.212'], ['D08.811.682.047.436.375.280'], ['G05.308.320'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['B01.050.050.136.500.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.455', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800.500'], ['A05.360.319.114.630', 'A05.360.576.497', 'A06.300.312.497'], ['G08.686.784.769.490'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['D12.644.360.024.342.500', 'D12.776.157.057.186.500', 'D12.776.476.024.430.500', 'D12.776.930.840.500'], ['D12.776.930']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Morphological and pathologic changes of experimental chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) and the regulating mechanism of protein expression in rats.
|
OBJECTIVE: To study the pathologic change and molecular regulation in cell proliferation and apoptosis of gastric mucosa in rats with chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG), and evaluate the possible mechanisms.METHODS: Rats were administered with 60% alcohol or 2% salicylate sodium, 20 mmol/L deoxycholate sodium and 0.1% ammonia water to establish chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) models. The gastric specimens were prepared for microscopic view with hematoxylin and eosin (H-E) and alcian blue (A-B) stain. The number of infiltrated inflammatory cells, the thickness of the mucosa gland layer (microm) and the number of gastric glands were calculated. The damage of barrier in mucosa with erosion or ulceration, and the thickness of mucin were examined by scanned electron microscope (SEM). The levels of PGE(2), EGF (epiderminal growth factor) and gastrin in the serum were measured with radioimmunoassay or ELISA method. The immunohistochemistry method was used to observe the number of G cells, the expression of protein of EGFR (EGF receptor), C-erbB-2, p53, p16 and bcl-2 in gastric tissue.RESULTS: Under SEM observation, the gastric mucosa was diffused erosion or ulceration and the thickness of mucin was decreased. Compared with normal rats, the grade of inflammatory cell infiltration in CAG rats was elevated, whereas the thickness and number of gastric gland were significantly lower (P<0.05). Compared with normal level of (0.61+/-0.28) microg/L, EGF in CAG (2.24+/-0.83) microg/L was significantly higher (P<0.05). The levels of PGE(2) and gastrin in serum were significantly lower in CAG rats than that in normal rats (P<0.05). Immunohistochemistry detection showed that the number of G cell in antrum was lower in CAG group (P<0.05). Immuno-stain showed EGFR protein expression in the basal and bilateral membrane, and the cytoplasma in atrophic gastric gland, while negative expression was observed in normal gastric epithelial cells. Positive staining of p53 and p16 protein was localized in the nucleus of epithelial cells. The former was higher positively expressed in atrophic gland, while the later was higher positively stained in normal gastric tissue. bcl-2 protein was positively stained in the cytoplasma in atrophic gastric gland, while very weakly stained in normal gastric tissue.CONCLUSION: The pathological findings in gastric gland accorded with the Houston diagnostic criteria of antrum-predominant CAG. CAG in rats was related with the damage of barrier in gastric mucosa and the misbalance of cell proliferation and apoptosis. There was high protein expression of oncogene, while inhibitor of suppressor gene in CAG rats indicated high trend of carcinogenesis.
|
['Animals', 'Chronic Disease', 'Epidermal Growth Factor', 'ErbB Receptors', 'Gastric Mucosa', 'Gastrins', 'Gastritis, Atrophic', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Male', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Tumor Suppressor Protein p53']
| 16,845,717
|
[['B01.050'], ['C23.550.291.500'], ['D06.472.317.350', 'D12.644.276.382.500', 'D12.776.467.382.500', 'D23.529.382.500'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.400.009', 'D12.776.543.750.630.009', 'D12.776.543.750.750.400.074'], ['A03.556.875.875.440', 'A10.615.550.291'], ['D06.472.317.413', 'D06.472.699.280', 'D12.644.400.320', 'D12.644.548.280', 'D12.776.631.650.320'], ['C06.405.205.697.394', 'C06.405.748.398.394'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['D12.644.360.075.718', 'D12.776.476.075.718', 'D12.776.624.664.700.169'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['D12.776.157.687.650', 'D12.776.260.820', 'D12.776.624.776.775', 'D12.776.660.720.650', 'D12.776.744.845']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Transforming growth factor-beta1 enhances the antifibrinolytic and prothrombotic state of growing endothelial cells in a cell cycle-specific manner.
|
Cell cycle-dependent modulation of protein expression may influence the balance of antithrombotic and prothrombotic properties of endothelial cells. In the present study, we examined the regulation of prothrombotic and antithrombotic molecules by transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) during distinct phases of the cell cycle in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. In the absence of TGF-beta1, the expression of thrombomodulin, the plasminogen activators u-PA and t-PA, and their inhibitor PAI-1 was significantly increased in the S/G2 compared to the G1 phase. Treatment of endothelial cells with TGF-beta1, however, resulted in elevated expression of PAI-1 specifically in the S/G2 phase, while t-PA and u-PA increased to the same extent in both the G1 and S/G2 phase. These findings demonstrate that the expression of a subset of hemostatically relevant proteins is regulated during endothelial cell cycle and that TGF-beta1 can differentially modulate cell cycle-controlled protein expression.
|
['Cell Cycle', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Endothelial Cells', 'Endothelium, Vascular', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Humans', 'Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1', 'Thrombomodulin', 'Tissue Plasminogen Activator', 'Transforming Growth Factor beta', 'Transforming Growth Factor beta1', 'Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator']
| 16,571,780
|
[['G04.144'], ['A11.251'], ['A11.436.275'], ['A07.015.700.500', 'A10.272.491.355'], ['G05.308'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.644.861.695.500', 'D12.776.124.125.640', 'D12.776.872.695.500', 'D23.119.832.500'], ['D12.776.395.550.625.800.800', 'D12.776.543.550.625.800.800', 'D12.776.543.750.705.675.892.800', 'D12.776.543.750.750.850.800'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.760.875', 'D08.811.277.656.959.350.875', 'D12.776.124.125.662.768', 'D23.119.970'], ['D12.644.276.374.687', 'D12.644.276.954.775', 'D12.776.467.374.687', 'D12.776.467.942.775', 'D23.529.374.687', 'D23.529.942.775'], ['D12.644.276.374.687.100', 'D12.644.276.954.775.100', 'D12.776.467.374.687.100', 'D12.776.467.942.775.100', 'D23.529.374.687.100', 'D23.529.942.775.100'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.760.910', 'D08.811.277.656.959.350.910', 'D12.776.124.125.662.884']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
International variation in management of screen-detected ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast.
|
BACKGROUND: Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) incidence has grown with the implementation of screening and its detection varies across International Cancer Screening Network (ICSN) countries. The aim of this survey is to describe the management of screen-detected DCIS in ICSN countries and to evaluate the potential for treatment related morbidity.METHODS: We sought screen-detected DCIS data from the ICSN countries identified during 2004-2008. We adopted standardised data collection forms and analysis and explored DCIS diagnosis and treatment processes ranging from pre-operative diagnosis to type of surgery and radiotherapy.RESULTS: Twelve countries contributed data from a total of 15 screening programmes, all from Europe except the United States of America and Japan. Among women aged 50-69 years, 7,176,050 screening tests and 5324 screen-detected DCIS were reported. From 21% to 93% of DCIS had a pre-operative diagnosis (PO); 67-90% of DCIS received breast conservation surgery (BCS), and in 41-100% of the cases this was followed by radiotherapy; 6.4-59% received sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) only and 0.8-49% axillary dissection (ALND) with 0.6% (range by programmes 0-8.1%) being node positive. Among BCS patients 35% received SLNB only and 4.8% received ALND. Starting in 2006, PO and SLNB use increased while ALND remained stable. SLNB and ALND were associated with larger size and higher grade DCIS lesions.CONCLUSIONS: Variation in DCIS management among screened women is wide and includes lymph node surgery beyond what is currently recommended. This indicates the presence of varying levels of overtreatment and the potential for its reduction.
|
['Aged', 'Breast Neoplasms', 'Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating', 'Early Detection of Cancer', 'Europe', 'Female', 'Humans', 'International Agencies', 'Japan', 'Lymph Node Excision', 'Mastectomy, Segmental', 'Middle Aged', 'Outcome Assessment, Health Care', 'Radiotherapy', 'United States']
| 25,149,183
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['C04.588.180', 'C17.800.090.500'], ['C04.557.470.200.025.275', 'C04.557.470.200.240.187.250', 'C04.557.470.615.275'], ['E01.390.500'], ['Z01.542'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N03.540.514'], ['Z01.252.474.463', 'Z01.639.595'], ['E04.446'], ['E04.466.701'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['H01.770.644.145.431', 'N04.761.559.590', 'N05.715.360.575.575'], ['E02.815'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Microalgae cultivation in sugarcane vinasse: Selection, growth and biochemical characterization.
|
Sugarcane ethanol is produced at large scale generating wastes that could be used for microalgae biomass production in a biorefinery strategy. In this study, forty microalgae strains were screened for growth in sugarcane vinasse at different concentrations. Two microalgae strains, Micractinium sp. Embrapa|LBA32 and C. biconvexa Embrapa|LBA40, presented vigorous growth in a light-dependent manner even in undiluted vinasse under non-axenic conditions. Microalgae strains presented higher biomass productivity in vinasse-based media compared to standard Bold's Basal Medium in cultures performed using 15L airlift flat plate photobioreactors. Chemical composition analyses showed that proteins and carbohydrates comprise the major fractions of algal biomass. Glucose was the main monosaccharide detected, ranging from 46% to 76% of the total carbohydrates content according to the strain and culture media used. This research highlights the potential of using residues derived from ethanol plants to cultivate microalgae for the production of energy and bioproducts.
|
['Biomass', 'Carbohydrates', 'Cell Culture Techniques', 'Ethanol', 'Microalgae', 'Photobioreactors', 'Saccharum', 'Waste Products']
| 28,061,395
|
[['G16.500.275.157.100', 'N06.230.124.100'], ['D09'], ['E01.370.225.500.223', 'E05.200.500.265', 'E05.242.223', 'E05.481.500.249'], ['D02.033.375'], ['B05.080.500.600.500'], ['E07.115.600', 'J01.897.120.115.600'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.822.835'], ['D20.944', 'N06.850.460.710']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Serum markers of hepatocyte death and apoptosis are non invasive biomarkers of severe fibrosis in patients with alcoholic liver disease.
|
BACKGROUND: Quantification of hepatocyte death is useful to evaluate the progression of alcoholic liver diseases. Our aims were to quantify and correlate the circulating levels of Cytokeratin 18 (CK18) and its caspases-generated fragment to disease severity in heavy alcoholics.METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: CK18 and CK18-fragment were evaluated in the serum of 143 heavy alcoholics. Serum levels of markers of hepatocyte death (CK18), apoptosis (CK18 fragment) and necrosis (CK18 -CK18 fragment) increased in patients with severe fibrosis compared to patients with mild fibrosis. These markers strongly correlated with Mallory-Denk bodies, hepatocyte ballooning, fibrosis and with hepatic TNFá and TGFâ assessed in the liver of 24 patients. Elevated levels of serum hepatocyte death and apoptotic markers were independent risk factors in predicting severe fibrosis in a model combining alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin, prothrombin index, hyaluronate, hepatocyte death and apoptotic markers. The level of markers of hepatocyte death and apoptosis had an area under the receiving operator curve that predicted severe fibrosis of 0.84 and 0.76, respectively.CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE: Death of hepatocytes can be easily evaluated with serum markers and correlated with severe fibrosis in heavy alcohol drinkers. These biomarkers could be useful to rapidly evaluate liver injuries and the efficacy of therapies.
|
['Adult', 'Apoptosis', 'Biomarkers', 'Female', 'Hepatocytes', 'Humans', 'Liver Cirrhosis', 'Liver Diseases, Alcoholic', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Transforming Growth Factor beta', 'Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha']
| 21,445,263
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['D23.101'], ['A11.436.348'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C06.552.630', 'C23.550.355.412'], ['C06.552.645', 'C25.775.100.087.645'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.393.620.500'], ['D12.644.276.374.687', 'D12.644.276.954.775', 'D12.776.467.374.687', 'D12.776.467.942.775', 'D23.529.374.687', 'D23.529.942.775'], ['D12.644.276.374.500.800', 'D12.644.276.374.750.626', 'D12.776.124.900', 'D12.776.395.930', 'D12.776.467.374.500.800', 'D12.776.467.374.750.626', 'D23.529.374.500.800', 'D23.529.374.750.626']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Divalent cation affinity sites in Paramecium aurelia.
|
Sites with high calcium affinity in Paramecium aurelia were identified by high calcium (5 mM) fixation and electron microscope methods. Electron-opaque deposits were observed on the cytoplasmic side of surface membranes, particularly at the basal regions of cilia and trichocyst-pellicle fusion sites. Deposits were also observed on some smooth cytomembranes, within the axoneme of cilia, and on basal bodies. The divalent cations, Mg2+, Mn2+, Sr2+, Ni2+, Ba2+, and Zn2+, could be substituted for Ca2+ in the procedure. Deposits were larger with 5 mM Sr2+. Ba2+, and Mn2+ at ciliary transverse plates and the terminal plate of basal bodies. Microprobe analysis showed that Ca and C1 were concentrated within deposits. In some analyses, S and P were detected in deposits. Also, microprobe analysis of 5 mM Mn2+-fixed P. aurelia showed that those deposits were enriched in Mn and C1 and sometimes enriched in P. Deposits were seen only when the ciliates were actively swimming at the time of fixation. Locomotory mutants having defective membrane Ca-gating mechanisms and ciliates fixed while exhibiting ciliary reversal showed no obvious differences in deposition pattern and intensity. Possible correlations between electron-opaque deposits and the locations of intramembranous particles seen by freeze-fracture studied, as well as sites where fibrillar material associate with membranes are considered. The possibility that the action sites of calcium and other divalent cations were identified is discussed.
|
['Animals', 'Barium', 'Binding Sites', 'Calcium', 'Cations, Divalent', 'Cell Membrane', 'Cilia', 'Electron Probe Microanalysis', 'Histocytochemistry', 'Magnesium', 'Manganese', 'Nickel', 'Paramecium', 'Strontium', 'Zinc']
| 1,262,398
|
[['B01.050'], ['D01.268.552.050', 'D01.268.556.062', 'D01.552.539.124', 'D01.552.544.062'], ['G02.111.570.120'], ['D01.268.552.100', 'D01.552.539.288', 'D23.119.100'], ['D01.248.497.300.333'], ['A11.284.149'], ['A11.284.180.165'], ['E01.370.350.515.402.250', 'E05.196.867.800.360', 'E05.595.402.250', 'E05.799.830.360'], ['E01.370.225.500.607', 'E01.370.225.750.551', 'E05.200.500.607', 'E05.200.750.551', 'H01.158.100.656.234', 'H01.158.201.344', 'H01.181.122.573'], ['D01.268.552.437', 'D01.268.557.500', 'D01.552.547.500'], ['D01.268.556.484', 'D01.268.956.374', 'D01.552.544.484'], ['D01.268.556.607', 'D01.268.956.625', 'D01.552.544.607'], ['B01.043.185.650.375.550.637'], ['D01.268.552.850', 'D01.268.556.825', 'D01.552.539.861', 'D01.552.544.825'], ['D01.268.556.940', 'D01.268.956.906', 'D01.552.544.940']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Calcium losses resulting from an acute bout of moderate-intensity exercise.
|
The purpose of this study was to compare daily calcium (Ca) losses in sweat (S) and urine (U) on an exercise day (E) with losses on the preceding day (i.e., a rest day) during which no exercise (NE) was performed. Ten healthy male volunteers (23.9 +/- 3.2 years) performed a single bout of moderate exercise (running at 80% HRmax) for 45 min in a warm (32 degrees C, 58% relative humidity) environment on E. When E and NE were compared, neither Ca intake (1,232 +/- 714 and 1, 148 +/- 482 mg, respectively) nor urinary Ca excretion (206 +/- 128 and 189 +/- 130 mg, respectively) were different (p >.05). Sweat Ca losses during the exercise bout averaged 45 +/- 12 mg. The results indicate that, although a small amount of Ca is lost in sweat during 45 min of moderate-intensity exercise, measured (sweat and urine losses combined) Ca losses (251 +/- 128 and 189 +/- 130 mg) were not different (p >.05) between days (E and NE, respectively). These data suggest that moderate exercise for up to 45 min in a warm, humid environment does not markedly increase Ca intake requirements.
|
['Adult', 'Calcium', 'Calcium, Dietary', 'Exercise', 'Hot Temperature', 'Humans', 'Humidity', 'Male', 'Running', 'Sweat']
| 10,477,363
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D01.268.552.100', 'D01.552.539.288', 'D23.119.100'], ['D01.146.395'], ['G11.427.410.698.277', 'I03.350'], ['G01.906.595.543', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710.380', 'G16.500.750.775.710.380', 'N06.230.300.100.725.232', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G16.500.275.063.725.310', 'G16.500.750.775.310', 'N06.230.150.372', 'N06.230.300.100.725.310'], ['G11.427.410.568.610', 'G11.427.410.698.277.750', 'I03.350.750', 'I03.450.642.845.610'], ['A12.200.849']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
[Free transplantation of skin onto the face].
|
Basing on their experiences the authors describe principal technical methods of free transplantation of skin in different areas of the face. Their personal observations are used as illustrations.
|
['Aged', 'Face', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Skin Transplantation']
| 11,837,169
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['A01.456.505'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.095.147.725.700', 'E04.680.275.850', 'E04.936.580.700']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Respiratory mechanics and breathing pattern during and following maximal exercise.
|
We looked for evidence of changes in lung elastic recoil and of inspiratory muscle fatigue at maximal exercise in seven normal subjects. Esophageal pressure, flow, and volume were measured during spontaneous breathing at increasing levels of cycle exercise to maximum. Total lung capacity (TLC) was determined at rest and immediately before exercise termination using a N2-washout technique. Maximal inspiratory pressure and inspiratory capacity were measured at 1-min intervals. The time course of instantaneous dynamic pressure of respiratory muscles (Pmus) was calculated for the spontaneous breaths immediately preceding exercise termination. TLC volume and lung elastic recoil at TLC were the same at the end of exercise as at rest. Maximum static inspiratory pressures at exercise termination were not reduced. However, mean Pmus of spontaneous breaths at end exercise exceeded 15% of maximum inspiratory pressure in five of the subjects. We conclude that lung elastic recoil is unchanged even at maximal exercise and that, while inspiratory muscles operate within a potentially fatiguing range, the high levels of ventilation observed during maximal exercise are not maintained for a sufficient time to result in mechanical fatigue.
|
['Adult', 'Biomechanical Phenomena', 'Heart Rate', 'Humans', 'Lung Compliance', 'Lung Volume Measurements', 'Male', 'Oxygen Consumption', 'Physical Exertion', 'Pressure', 'Respiration', 'Tidal Volume', 'Total Lung Capacity', 'Vital Capacity']
| 6,511,552
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['G01.154.090', 'G01.374.089'], ['E01.370.600.875.500', 'G09.330.380.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.386.700.475', 'G09.772.540'], ['E01.370.386.700.485'], ['G03.680'], ['G11.427.683'], ['G01.374.715'], ['G09.772.705'], ['E01.370.386.700.485.750.900.350.750', 'G09.772.850.970.500.700'], ['E01.370.386.700.485.750', 'G09.772.850'], ['E01.370.386.700.485.750.900', 'G09.772.850.970']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
miR-200a/miR-141 and miR-205 upregulation might be associated with hormone receptor status and prognosis in endometrial carcinomas.
|
The aim of this study was to compare the clinicopathological significance of miR-200a/miR-141 and miR-205 expression in endometrioid carcinomas (ECs) versus nonendometrioid carcinomas (NECs) and to assess their correlation with hormone receptor status. miR-200a/miR-141 and miR-205 expression in 154 endometrial cancers was determined by qRT-PCR. The status of estrogen and progesterone receptor (ER/PR) was assessed using immunohistochemistry. miR-200a/miR-141 and miR-205 increased significantly in ECs and in NECs. The expression level of miR-200a was significantly higher in NECs than in ECs (P=0.025). Furthermore, there was a trend that NECs with worse clinicopathological variables had a higher miR-200a expression, while an inverse trend existed in ECs. miR-205 upregulation occurred frequently in NECs without lymph node metastases (P=0.030), whereas such association was not present in ECs. Interestingly, In ECs, miR-200a/miR-141 upregulation occurred frequently in the hormone receptor positive subgroups than the negative subgroups (P<0.05). Similarly, the expression level of miR-205 was higher in the hormone receptor positive subgroups and the association between miR-205 and PR reached statistical significance (P=0.024). In contrast, in NECs, a negative correlation was found between miR-200a/miR-141 and ER or PR status. Meanwhile, in ECs, miR-200a upregulation correlated with prolonged survival in the ER positive subgroup (P=0.046), whereas an inverse trend existed in the ER negative subgroup. Our findings suggest that miR-200a/miR-141 and miR-205 increased significantly in ECs and in NECs. However, they might behave differently in ECs versus NECs. miR-200a/miR-141 and miR-205 might be associated with hormone receptor status in endometrial cancer and may possess prognostic impacts.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Carcinoma', 'Endometrial Neoplasms', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Kaplan-Meier Estimate', 'MicroRNAs', 'Middle Aged', 'Prognosis', 'Proportional Hazards Models', 'Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Receptors, Estrogen', 'Receptors, Progesterone', 'Up-Regulation']
| 26,045,795
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C04.557.470.200'], ['C04.588.945.418.948.585', 'C13.351.500.852.762.200', 'C13.351.937.418.875.200'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['E05.318.740.998.650', 'N05.715.360.750.795.650', 'N06.850.520.830.998.650'], ['D13.150.650.319', 'D13.444.735.150.319', 'D13.444.735.790.552.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.789'], ['E05.318.740.500.700', 'E05.318.740.600.700', 'E05.318.740.750.725', 'E05.318.740.998.825', 'E05.599.835.900', 'N05.715.360.750.530.650', 'N05.715.360.750.625.650', 'N05.715.360.750.695.650', 'N05.715.360.750.795.825', 'N06.850.520.830.500.700', 'N06.850.520.830.600.700', 'N06.850.520.830.750.725', 'N06.850.520.830.998.912'], ['E05.393.620.500.706'], ['D12.776.826.750.350', 'D12.776.930.778.350'], ['D12.776.826.750.765'], ['G02.111.905', 'G05.308.850', 'G07.690.773.998']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Robust Association Tests for the Replication of Genome-Wide Association Studies.
|
In genome-wide association study (GWAS), robust genetic association tests such as maximum of three CATTs (MAX3), each corresponding to recessive, additive, and dominant genetic models, the minimum p value of Pearson's Chi-square test with 2 degrees of freedom, and CATT based on additive genetic model (MIN2), genetic model selection (GMS), and genetic model exclusion (GME) methods have been shown to provide better power performance under wide range of underlying genetic models. In this paper, we demonstrate how these robust tests can be applied to the replication study of GWAS and how the overall statistical significance can be evaluated using the combined test formed by p values of the discovery and replication studies.
|
['DNA Replication', 'Genome', 'Genome-Wide Association Study', 'Models, Genetic']
| 26,345,547
|
[['G02.111.225', 'G05.226'], ['G05.360.340'], ['E05.318.370.392', 'E05.318.416.249', 'E05.393.385.500', 'E05.393.522.500', 'E05.393.760.640.500', 'N06.850.520.445.392', 'N06.850.520.470.500'], ['E05.599.395.397']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Significance of CCL2, CCL5 and CCR2 polymorphisms for adverse prognosis of Japanese encephalitis from an endemic population of India.
|
Japanese encephalitis (JE) is a major contributor for viral encephalitis in Asia. Vaccination programme has limited success for largely populated JE endemic countries like India and disease exposure is unavoidable. Involvement of chemokines and its co-receptors for adverse prognosis of JE have been documented both in vitro and in vivo. Identification of the genetic predisposing factor for JE infection in humans is crucial but not yet established. Therefore, we investigated the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in chemokines (CCL2 and CCL5) and its co-receptors (CCR2 and CCR5) with their protein level for JE. The study enrolled 87 symptomatic JE cases (mild: severe = 24:63) and 94 asymptomatic controls. Our study demonstrated that CCL2 (rs1024611G), CCL5 (rs2280788G) and CCR2 (rs1799864A) significantly associated with JE (Odds ratio = 1.63, 2.95 and 2.62, respectively and P = 0.045, P = 0.05 and P = 0.0006, respectively). The study revealed that rs1024611G allele was associated with elevated level of CCL2. CCL5 elevation associated with JE mortality having a Cox proportional hazard of 1.004 (P = 0.033). In conclusion, SNPs of chemokine viz. CCL2 (rs1024611G) and its receptor CCR2 (rs1799864A) significantly associated with JE which may serve as possible genetic predisposing factor and CCL5 protein level may act as marker for disease survival.
|
['Adult', 'Chemokine CCL2', 'Chemokine CCL5', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Encephalitis, Japanese', 'Endemic Diseases', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Genetic Association Studies', 'Humans', 'India', 'Male', 'Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide', 'Prognosis', 'Receptors, CCR2', 'Survival Analysis']
| 29,057,937
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D12.644.276.374.200.110.990.600', 'D12.776.467.374.200.110.990.600', 'D23.125.300.110.990.600', 'D23.469.200.110.990.600', 'D23.529.374.200.110.990.500'], ['D12.644.276.374.200.110.250', 'D12.776.467.374.200.110.250', 'D23.125.300.110.250', 'D23.469.200.110.250', 'D23.529.374.200.110.250'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['C01.207.245.340.300.400', 'C01.207.399.750.300.400', 'C01.920.500.343.345', 'C01.925.081.343.345', 'C01.925.182.525.300.250', 'C01.925.782.310.345', 'C01.925.782.350.250.300', 'C10.228.140.430.520.750.300.400', 'C10.228.228.245.340.300.400', 'C10.228.228.399.750.300.400'], ['N06.850.392'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['E05.393.385'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.252.245.393'], ['G05.365.795.598'], ['E01.789'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.160.150.200', 'D12.776.543.750.705.852.125.150.200'], ['E05.318.740.998', 'N05.715.360.750.795', 'N06.850.520.830.998']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Heteroclinic bifurcation in a ratio-dependent predator-prey system.
|
In this paper we study the heteroclinic bifurcation in a general ratio-dependent predator-prey system. Based on the results of heteroclinic loop obtained in [J. Math. Biol. 43(2001): 221-246], we give parametric conditions of the existence of the heteroclinic loop analytically and describe the heteroclinic bifurcation surface in the parameter space, so as to answer further the open problem raised in [J. Math. Biol. 42(2001): 489-506].
|
['Animals', 'Ecosystem', 'Models, Biological', 'Predatory Behavior', 'Systems Theory']
| 15,614,545
|
[['B01.050'], ['G16.500.275.157', 'N06.230.124'], ['E05.599.395'], ['F01.145.113.111.600', 'F01.145.113.252.520'], ['H01.770.808']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Prostacyclin effect on blood pressure in pig with aortic obstruction.
|
Cardiovascular effects of infused prostacyclin (PGI2) were investigated in hypertensive anesthetized pigs in the steady state and at 1,2,3,4,5,10,15,20 and 30 min after the beginning of the infusion. PGI2 were perfused at the rate of 2 microgram/Kg/min for 4 min before and after vagosympathectomy. We measured the mean arterial pressure, heart rate, cardiac output, stroke volume, mean pulmonary arterial pressure, mean pulmonary wedge pressure and calculated total systemic resistance and total pulmonary resistance. Our findings suggest that prostacyclin lowers pulmonary and systemic blood pressure in hypertensive animal by vasodilatation. The decrease in mean arterial pressure does not produce any change in heart rate probably because the substance also has a vagal effect. Finally, it might reduce venous return by dilatation of capacitance vessels. PGI2 appears to be a powerful vasodilator agent acting both afterload and preload without influencing heart rate or stroke volume.
|
['Animals', 'Aorta', 'Blood Pressure', 'Constriction', 'Epoprostenol', 'Heart Rate', 'Prostaglandins', 'Pulmonary Wedge Pressure', 'Swine', 'Sympathectomy', 'Vagotomy']
| 7,031,726
|
[['B01.050'], ['A07.015.114.056'], ['E01.370.600.875.249', 'G09.330.380.076'], ['E05.225'], ['D10.251.355.255.550.550.500', 'D23.469.050.175.725.550.500'], ['E01.370.600.875.500', 'G09.330.380.500'], ['D10.251.355.255.550', 'D23.469.050.175.725'], ['G09.330.380.076.695'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.880'], ['E04.525.210.105.800'], ['E04.525.210.105.600.850']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Sargassum serratifolium
|
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease that is characterized by irreversible articular cartilage destruction by inflammatory reaction. Among inflammatory stimuli, interleukin-1â (IL-1â) is known to play a crucial role in OA pathogenesis by stimulating several mediators that contribute to cartilage degradation. Recently, the marine brown alga Sargassum serratifolium has been reported to exhibit antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in microglial and human umbilical vein endothelial cell models using lipopolysaccharide and tumor necrosis factor-á, but its beneficial effects on OA have not been investigated. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-osteoarthritic effects of ethanol extract of S. serratifolium (EESS) in SW1353 human chondrocytes and, in parallel, primary rat articular chondrocytes. Our results showed that EESS effectively blocked the generation of reactive oxygen species in IL-1â-treated SW1353 and rat primary chondrocytes, indicating that EESS has a potent antioxidant activity. EESS also attenuated IL-1â-induced production of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E₂, major inflammatory mediators in these cells, which was associated with the inhibition of inducible NO synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 expression. Moreover, EESS downregulated the level of gene expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, -3 and -13 in SW1353 chondrocytes treated with IL-1â, resulting in their extracellular secretion reduction. In addition, the IL-1â-induced activation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-êB) was restored by EESS. Furthermore, EESS reduced the activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathways upon IL-1â stimulation. These results indicate that EESS has the potential to exhibit antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects through inactivation of the NF-êB, p38 MAPK, and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that EESS may have the potential for chondroprotection, and extracts of S. serratifolium could potentially be used in the prevention and treatment of OA.
|
['Animals', 'Anti-Inflammatory Agents', 'Antioxidants', 'Cell Line', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Chondrocytes', 'Humans', 'Inflammation', 'Interleukin-1beta', 'Male', 'NF-kappa B', 'Osteoarthritis', 'Oxidative Stress', 'Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases', 'Plant Extracts', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Reactive Oxygen Species', 'Sargassum', 'p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases']
| 30,087,236
|
[['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.158'], ['D27.505.519.217', 'D27.505.696.706.125', 'D27.720.799.047'], ['A11.251.210'], ['A11.251'], ['A11.329.171'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C23.550.470'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.010.600', 'D12.644.276.374.500.400.600', 'D12.776.467.374.465.010.600', 'D12.776.467.374.500.400.600', 'D23.529.374.465.131.600', 'D23.529.374.500.400.600'], ['D05.500.672', 'D12.776.260.600', 'D12.776.660.600', 'D12.776.930.600'], ['C05.550.114.606', 'C05.799.613'], ['G03.673', 'G07.775.750'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.500'], ['D20.215.784.500', 'D26.667'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.755', 'D12.776.476.565', 'D12.776.624.664.700.168'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['D01.339.431', 'D01.650.775'], ['B01.750.600.725'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.567.843', 'D12.644.360.450.835', 'D12.776.476.450.835']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Germ cell line during the seasonal sexual rest of clams: finding niches of cells for gonad renewal.
|
Reconstitution and renewal of tissues are key topics in developmental biology. In this brief work, we analyzed the wintry spent phase of the reproductive cycle in the Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum (Bivalvia, Veneridae) in order to study the gonad rebuilding that in this species occurs at the beginning of the warmer months. We labeled VASA homolog protein-a germ cell marker-and compared the histological observations of the spent phase with those of the previously analyzed gametogenic phase. In R. philippinarum, during the reproductive season, most of the body mass is represented by sack-like structures (acini) full of developing gametes. In that period, VASA-stained cells are present at the basal pole of the gut epithelium, in the connective tissue, and around the acini. We here show that during the spent phase large portions of the intestine lack such cell type, except for some areas showing a few faintly VASA-stained cells. Cells with similar nuclear morphology are present among loosely organized cells of connective tissue, sometimes as single units, sometimes in small groups, rarely partially organized in primordial gonadic structures. These observations match the findings of RNA-targeting studies that during the spent phase identified the source of bivalve germ cells within the connective tissue in the form of quiescent units and add new information on the possible maintenance of VASA-stained, multipotent cells among the batiprismatic cells of the intestine during the whole life span of these bivalves.
|
['Animals', 'Biological Clocks', 'Bivalvia', 'Cell Line', 'Germ Cells', 'Gonads', 'Seasons', 'Sexual Behavior, Animal']
| 28,875,375
|
[['B01.050'], ['G07.180.562.094'], ['B01.050.500.644.080'], ['A11.251.210'], ['A05.360.490', 'A11.497'], ['A05.360.576', 'A06.300.312'], ['G01.910.645.661', 'G16.500.275.071.590', 'N06.230.300.100.250.525'], ['F01.145.113.252.748']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Towards a proteomic map of Lactococcus lactis NCDO 763.
|
Lactococcus lactis is a widely used bacteria in dairy industry, specially in cheese ripening. Numerous lactococcal enzymes and proteins are involved in this process. Proteomics makes it possible to deal with a high number of proteins and identify modification of their patterns in two-dimensional (2-D) gels. However, an annotated reference map is necessary prior to analyzing protein variations. We have begun to construct such a map in easily reproducible conditions and identify proteins.
|
['Bacterial Proteins', 'Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional', 'Lactococcus lactis', 'Peptide Mapping', 'Proteome']
| 10,939,470
|
[['D12.776.097'], ['E05.196.401.250', 'E05.301.300.230'], ['B03.353.750.737.500.400', 'B03.510.400.800.500.400', 'B03.510.550.737.500.400'], ['E05.196.181.400.454.720', 'E05.196.401.319.720', 'E05.196.700', 'E05.393.760.705.685'], ['D12.776.817']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
International practices in the dietary management of fructose 1-6 biphosphatase deficiency.
|
BACKGROUND: In fructose 1,6 bisphosphatase (FBPase) deficiency, management aims to prevent hypoglycaemia and lactic acidosis by avoiding prolonged fasting, particularly during febrile illness. Although the need for an emergency regimen to avoid metabolic decompensation is well established at times of illness, there is uncertainty about the need for other dietary management strategies such as sucrose or fructose restriction. We assessed international differences in the dietary management of FBPase deficiency.METHODS: A cross-sectional questionnaire (13 questions) was emailed to all members of the Society for the Study of Inborn Errors of Metabolism (SSIEM) and a wide database of inherited metabolic disorder dietitians.RESULTS: Thirty-six centres reported the dietary prescriptions of 126 patients with FBPase deficiency. Patients' age at questionnaire completion was: 1-10y, 46% (n = 58), 11-16y, 21% (n = 27), and >16y, 33% (n = 41). Diagnostic age was: <1y, 36% (n = 46); 1-10y, 59% (n = 74); 11-16y, 3% (n = 4); and >16y, 2% (n = 2). Seventy-five per cent of centres advocated dietary restrictions. This included restriction of: high sucrose foods only (n = 7 centres, 19%); fruit and sugary foods (n = 4, 11%); fruit, vegetables and sugary foods (n = 13, 36%). Twenty-five per cent of centres (n = 9), advised no dietary restrictions when patients were well. A higher percentage of patients aged >16y rather than ?16y were prescribed dietary restrictions: patients aged 1-10y, 67% (n = 39/58), 11-16y, 63% (n = 17/27) and >16y, 85% (n = 35/41). Patients classified as having a normal fasting tolerance increased with age from 30% in 1-10y, to 36% in 11-16y, and 58% in >16y, but it was unclear if fasting tolerance was biochemically proven. Twenty centres (56%) routinely prescribed uncooked cornstarch (UCCS) to limit overnight fasting in 47 patients regardless of their actual fasting tolerance (37%). All centres advocated an emergency regimen mainly based on glucose polymer for illness management.CONCLUSIONS: Although all patients were prescribed an emergency regimen for illness, use of sucrose and fructose restricted diets with UCCS supplementation varied widely. Restrictions did not relax with age. International guidelines are necessary to help direct future dietary management of FBPase deficiency.
|
['Acidosis, Lactic', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Dietary Carbohydrates', 'Dietary Supplements', 'Fasting', 'Fructose-1,6-Diphosphatase Deficiency', 'Humans', 'Hypoglycemia', 'Surveys and Questionnaires']
| 29,370,874
|
[['C18.452.076.176.180'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['D09.301', 'G07.203.300.362', 'J02.500.362'], ['G07.203.300.456', 'J02.500.456'], ['F01.145.407.400', 'G07.203.650.240.587', 'G07.203.650.353.400'], ['C16.320.565.202.251.221', 'C18.452.648.202.251.221'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C18.452.394.984'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Ultrasonography and articular cartilage defects in the knee: an in vitro evaluation of the accuracy of cartilage thickness and defect size assessment.
|
The purpose of this cadaver study was to test the accuracy of ultrasonography in measuring cartilage thickness, and the extent and depth of induced cartilage defects on the medial and lateral femoral condyles of the knee in a clinically relevant setting. With the knees maximally flexed, cartilage thickness was measured at 24 marked sites in four knees with a 10 MHz probe. The areas of measurement were then excised and the thickness measured with a calliper gauge. In another seven cadaver knees, 21 cartilage defects were produced. The defect diameter varied from 4 to 8 mm. The depths of the defects were either a partial cartilage defect (grade 2), a defect to intact subchondral bone (grade 3), or a defect involving subchondral bone (grade 4) (classification by ICRS). The limits of agreement between ultrasonography and calliper gauge measurement for cartilage thickness were chi(diff)+/-2SD(diff)=0.0+/-0.4 mm. For cartilage defect diameter, the limits of agreement between ultrasonography and the slide ruler measurement were chi(diff)+/-2SD(diff)=-0.2+/-1.0 mm. For the depths of the lesions there was a 100% agreement between radiologist and actual lesion depth for the classification into International Cartilage Repair Society (ICRS) grades 2, 3, and 4. Our conclusion is that ultrasonography is capable of measuring accurately both cartilage thickness and the extent and depth of induced cartilage defects in a cadaver model.
|
['Aged', 'Body Weights and Measures', 'Cadaver', 'Cartilage Diseases', 'Cartilage, Articular', 'Humans', 'Knee Joint', 'Ultrasonography']
| 15,022,038
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['E01.370.600.115.100', 'E05.041.124', 'G07.100.100'], ['C23.550.260.224'], ['C05.182', 'C17.300.182'], ['A02.165.407.150', 'A02.835.583.192'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A02.835.583.475'], ['E01.370.350.850']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Acclimation to the growth temperature and thermosensitivity of photosystem II in a mesophilic cyanobacterium, Synechocystis sp. PCC6803.
|
Differences in the temperature dependence and thermosensitivities of PSII activities in Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 grown at 25 and 35 degrees C were studied. Hill reactions in cells, thylakoid membranes and purified PSII core complexes were measured at high temperatures or at their growth temperatures after high-temperature treatments. In the presence of 2,5-dichloro-p-benzoquinone as an electron acceptor, which can accept electrons directly from Q(A), the temperature dependence of the oxygen-evolving activity was almost the same in thylakoid membranes and in the purified PSII complexes from cells grown at 25 or 35 degrees C. When duroquinone, which accepts electrons only through Q(B) plastoquinone, was used as an electron acceptor, the temperature dependence was the same for purified PSII core complexes but was different between thylakoids isolated from the cells grown at 25 and 35 degrees C. No remarkable difference was observed in protein compositions between thylakoids and between purified PSII complexes from cells grown at 25 or 35 degrees C. However, the fluidity of thylakoids, measured by electron flow to P700, was affected by the growth temperature. These results suggest that one of the major factors which cause the changes in the thermosensitivity of PSII is the change in the fluidity of thylakoid membranes. As for the acclimation of PSII in thylakoids to high temperatures, one of the main causes is the decrease in the high-temperature-induced formation of non-Q(B) PSII due to the decreased fluidity in the cells grown at 35 degrees C.
|
['Acclimatization', 'Cyanobacteria', 'Cytosol', 'Electrons', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Oxygen', 'Photosystem II Protein Complex', 'Plastoquinone', 'Temperature', 'Thylakoids']
| 17,056,616
|
[['G07.025.133', 'G16.012.500.133'], ['B03.280', 'B03.440.475.100'], ['A11.284.430.214.200', 'A11.284.430.429.200', 'A11.284.835.450.200'], ['G01.249.335', 'G01.358.500.750'], ['G02.300'], ['D01.268.185.550', 'D01.362.670'], ['D05.500.562.488.750', 'D08.811.600.710.750', 'D12.776.543.930.500.750', 'D12.776.765.199.750.750.750'], ['D02.806.250.700'], ['G01.906.595', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710', 'G16.500.750.775.710', 'N06.230.150.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.700.140.800']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Evaluation of an anti-tumor necrosis factor therapeutic in a mouse model of Niemann-Pick C liver disease.
|
BACKGROUND: Niemann-Pick type C (NPC) disease is a lysosomal storage disease characterized by the accumulation of cholesterol and glycosphingolipids. The majority of NPC patients die in their teen years due to progressive neurodegeneration; however, half of NPC patients also suffer from cholestasis, prolonged jaundice, and hepatosplenomegaly. We previously showed that a key mediator of NPC liver disease is tumor necrosis factor (TNF) á, which is involved in both proinflammatory and apoptotic signaling cascades. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that blocking TNF action with an anti-TNF monoclonal antibody (CNTO5048) will slow the progression of NPC liver disease.METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Treatment of wild-type C57BL/6 mice with NPC1-specific antisense oligonucleotides led to knockdown of NPC1 protein expression in the liver. This caused classical symptoms of NPC liver disease, including hepatic cholesterol accumulation, hepatomegaly, elevated serum liver enzymes, and lipid laden macrophage accumulation. In addition, there was a significant increase in the number of apoptotic cells and a proliferation of stellate cells. Concurrent treatment of NPC1 knockdown mice with anti-TNF had no effect on the primary lipid storage or accumulation of lipid-laden macrophages. However, anti-TNF treatment slightly blunted the increase in hepatic apoptosis and stellate cell activation that was seen with NPC1 knockdown.CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Current therapeutic options for NPC disease are limited. Our results provide proof of principle that pharmacologically blocking the TNF-á inflammatory cascade can slightly reduce certain markers of NPC disease. Small molecule inhibitors of TNF that penetrate tissues and cross the blood-brain barrier may prove even more beneficial.
|
['Animals', 'Antibodies, Monoclonal', 'Apoptosis', 'Cholesterol', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Drug Evaluation, Preclinical', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins', 'Lipid Metabolism', 'Liver', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Niemann-Pick Disease, Type C', 'Proteins', 'Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha']
| 20,886,067
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['D04.210.500.247.222.284', 'D04.210.500.247.808.197', 'D10.570.938.208'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['E05.290.750', 'E05.337.550'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.644.360', 'D12.776.476'], ['G03.458'], ['A03.620'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['C10.228.140.163.100.435.825.700.875', 'C15.604.250.410.625.875', 'C16.320.565.189.435.825.700.875', 'C16.320.565.398.641.803.730.875', 'C16.320.565.595.554.825.700.875', 'C18.452.132.100.435.825.700.875', 'C18.452.584.687.803.730.875', 'C18.452.648.189.435.825.700.875', 'C18.452.648.398.641.803.730.875', 'C18.452.648.595.554.825.700.875'], ['D12.776'], ['D12.644.276.374.500.800', 'D12.644.276.374.750.626', 'D12.776.124.900', 'D12.776.395.930', 'D12.776.467.374.500.800', 'D12.776.467.374.750.626', 'D23.529.374.500.800', 'D23.529.374.750.626']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Companion-diagnostic testing limited to KRAS codons 12 and 13 misses 17% of potentially relevant RAS mutations in colorectal cancer.
|
BACKGROUND: KRAS codons 12 and 13 mutations are commonly used to identify colorectal carcinoma (CRC) patients who are unlikely to benefit from anti-EGFR therapy. However, humans have four different homologous RAS proteins and no routine screening is performed for the other mutation sites. Non-screened mutations may still be present in a significant subset of patients without KRAS codon 12 and 13 mutations.METHODS: We developed a LightCycler screening assay that encompasses codons 12, 13 and 61 of all RAS genes. Screen-positive specimens were characterized by Sanger sequencing. 130 CRC specimens were screened for all RAS genes. The results for KRAS codons 12 and 13 were compared with an FDA approved method (Qiagen).RESULTS: Twenty-nine of 130 specimens (22.3%) were positive for KRAS codons 12 and 13, with 100% congruence with the Qiagen method. Six additional specimens were identified to have mutations. One mutation in HRAS codon 61, two in KRAS codon 61, and three in NRAS codon 61.CONCLUSION: Limiting RAS testing to only KRAS codons 12 and 13 in companion diagnostic testing of CRC results in nearly 1/5 of patients with RAS mutations not being excluded from costly EGFR antagonist treatment, despite likely futility. Inclusion of all RAS genes in companion diagnostic screening is warranted.
|
['Antibodies, Monoclonal', 'Carcinoma', 'Codon', 'Colorectal Neoplasms', 'ErbB Receptors', 'Gene Expression', 'Genetic Testing', 'Humans', 'Mutation', 'Paraffin', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras)', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Sequence Analysis, DNA', 'Tissue Embedding', 'Treatment Failure', 'ras Proteins']
| 23,832,066
|
[['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224'], ['C04.557.470.200'], ['D13.444.735.544.355', 'G05.360.335.355', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.190'], ['C04.588.274.476.411.307', 'C06.301.371.411.307', 'C06.405.249.411.307', 'C06.405.469.158.356', 'C06.405.469.491.307', 'C06.405.469.860.180'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.400.009', 'D12.776.543.750.630.009', 'D12.776.543.750.750.400.074'], ['G05.297'], ['E01.370.225.562', 'E05.200.562', 'E05.393.435', 'N02.421.308.430', 'N02.421.726.233.221'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G05.365.590'], ['D02.455.612'], ['E05.393.620.500'], ['D12.776.624.664.700'], ['D08.811.277.040.330.300.400.500.600', 'D12.644.360.525.500.600', 'D12.776.157.325.515.500.600', 'D12.776.476.525.500.600', 'D12.776.624.664.700.200'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['E05.393.760.700'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.760.440', 'E01.370.225.750.600.760.440', 'E05.200.500.620.760.440', 'E05.200.750.600.760.440'], ['E01.789.800.760', 'N04.761.559.590.800.760', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800.760'], ['D08.811.277.040.330.300.400.500', 'D12.644.360.525.500', 'D12.776.157.325.515.500', 'D12.776.476.525.500']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
The effect of neodymium: YAG capsulotomy on contrast sensitivity and the evaluation of methods for its assessment.
|
OBJECTIVE: To determine the most appropriate method for measuring the effect on contrast sensitivity of neodymium:YAG (Nd:YAG) posterior capsulotomy for early posterior capsular opacification (PCO).DESIGN: Prospective comparison of five different methods for luminous contrast sensitivity testing in patients undergoing capsulotomy.PARTICIPANTS: Sixteen patients with PCO involving the visual axis and visual acuities of 20/40 or better were recruited sequentially.INTERVENTION: All patients were tested with each of the five tests before and after Nd:YAG capsulotomy.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The contrast sensitivity function was measured with variable contrast sine wave gratings using the Vistech VCTS 6500, Mentor B-VAT-II and a computer graphics system. Peak contrast sensitivity at 3 cyc/deg was compared with two letter tests, the Pelli-Robson chart, and a computer that generated optotypes.RESULTS: Significant generalized improvement that was not frequency selective was measured over the entire contrast sensitivity function after capsulotomy. The five tests did not significantly differ (P > 0.05) in their measurement of peak contrast sensitivity (3 cyc/deg) improvement after capsulotomy. Letter-based tests showed better agreement and lower variance than gratings tests. Visual acuity and contrast sensitivity improvement were poorly correlated.CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that contrast sensitivity is adequately documented by a single measurement at 3 cyc/deg, is an informative supplement to visual acuity, and that little extra information is to be gained by measuring further spatial frequencies in eyes with PCO. Peak contrast sensitivity is best determined using a letter-based test.
|
['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Cataract', 'Cataract Extraction', 'Contrast Sensitivity', 'Humans', 'Laser Therapy', 'Lens Capsule, Crystalline', 'Middle Aged', 'Prospective Studies', 'Vision Tests', 'Visual Acuity']
| 10,201,590
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['C11.510.245'], ['E04.540.825.249'], ['E01.370.380.850.950.500', 'F02.463.593.778.435.110', 'F02.463.593.932.281', 'F02.463.593.932.901.500', 'G14.940.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.594', 'E04.014.520'], ['A09.371.060.500.155'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E01.370.380.850'], ['E01.370.380.850.950', 'F02.463.593.932.901', 'G14.940']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
The development of an audit technique to assess the quality of safety barrier management.
|
This paper describes the development of a management model to control barriers devised to prevent major hazard scenarios. Additionally, an audit technique is explained that assesses the quality of such a management system. The final purpose of the audit technique is to quantify those aspects of the management system that have a direct impact on the reliability and effectiveness of the barriers and, hence, the probability of the scenarios involved. First, an outline of the management model is given and its elements are explained. Then, the development of the audit technique is described. Because the audit technique uses actual major hazard scenarios and barriers within these as its focus, the technique achieves a concreteness and clarity that many other techniques often lack. However, this strength is also its limitation, since the full safety management system is not covered with the technique. Finally, some preliminary experiences obtained from several test sites are compiled and discussed.
|
['Accidents, Occupational', 'Causality', 'Chemical Industry', 'Computers', 'Containment of Biohazards', 'Disaster Planning', 'Environmental Exposure', 'Europe', 'European Union', 'Guidelines as Topic', 'Hazardous Substances', 'Humans', 'Management Audit', 'Risk Assessment', 'Safety Management', 'Software']
| 16,111,813
|
[['N06.850.135.240'], ['N05.715.350.200', 'N06.850.490.625'], ['J01.576.655.437'], ['L01.224.230.260'], ['E05.235', 'N06.850.135.060.075.249'], ['N06.230.100.035'], ['N06.850.460.350'], ['Z01.542'], ['I01.615.500.475'], ['N04.761.700.350', 'N05.700.350'], ['D27.888.426'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N04.452.500'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.715', 'N04.452.871.715', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.690', 'N06.850.505.715', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.715'], ['N04.452.871.900', 'N06.850.135.060.075.800'], ['L01.224.900']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Differential expression of chemokines and chemokine receptors in inflammatory periapical diseases.
|
BACKGROUND: Periapical lesions are thought to be the result of a local inflammatory response mediated by inflammatory cell infiltration and production of inflammatory mediators. Although chemokines are strongly implicated in the migration and activation of leukocytes in different inflammatory diseases and experimental models, little is known regarding the expression of chemokines and their receptors in human apical periodontitis.OBJECTIVE AND METHODS: The objective of this study was to determine the expression of chemokines and their receptors by real-time polymerase chain reaction in samples obtained from healthy gingiva, periapical granulomas, and inflammatory periradicular cysts. The inflammatory infiltrate was characterized by immunohistochemistry.RESULTS: Comparing cysts and granulomas, an increase in CD4+ and CD8+ cells was observed in granulomas, despite the similar numbers of CD45RO-positive cells detected in both lesions. The analysis of mRNA expression revealed increased levels of CCR1, CCR2, CCR3, CCR5, CXCR1, and CXCR3 in both types of lesion compared with controls. Cysts exhibited a higher expression of CCR3, CCR5, CXCR1, and CXCR3 compared to granulomas. A significantly higher expression of RANTES, IP-10, and MCP-1 was detected in cysts compared with controls or granulomas. The expression of interleukin-8, MIP-1alpha, and MIP-1beta was not different in the three experimental groups.CONCLUSIONS: The increase in Th1 type (CCR1, CCR5, and CXCR3) and Th2 type (CCR2 and CCR3) receptors in both periapical lesions suggests the concomitant occurrence of Th1 and Th2 responses. Furthermore, the prevalent expression of the receptors CCR3, CCR5, CXCR1, and CXCR3 and of the chemokines RANTES, IP-10, and MCP-1 in cysts may point to a role in the progression of granulomas to cysts.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Chemokine CCL2', 'Chemokine CCL3', 'Chemokine CCL4', 'Chemokine CCL5', 'Chemokine CXCL10', 'Chemokines', 'Chemokines, CC', 'Chemokines, CXC', 'Chemotaxis, Leukocyte', 'Gingiva', 'Humans', 'Interleukin-8', 'Leukocytes', 'Macrophage Inflammatory Proteins', 'Middle Aged', 'Periapical Granuloma', 'Periapical Periodontitis', 'Radicular Cyst', 'Receptors, CCR5', 'Receptors, Chemokine', 'Receptors, HIV', 'Receptors, Interleukin-8A', 'T-Lymphocytes']
| 16,101,967
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D12.644.276.374.200.110.990.600', 'D12.776.467.374.200.110.990.600', 'D23.125.300.110.990.600', 'D23.469.200.110.990.600', 'D23.529.374.200.110.990.500'], ['D12.644.276.374.200.110.150', 'D12.644.276.374.200.600.150', 'D12.776.467.374.200.110.150', 'D12.776.467.374.200.600.150', 'D23.125.300.110.150', 'D23.125.300.600.500', 'D23.469.200.110.150', 'D23.469.200.600.150', 'D23.529.374.200.110.150', 'D23.529.374.200.600.150'], ['D12.644.276.374.200.110.200', 'D12.644.276.374.200.600.200', 'D12.776.467.374.200.110.200', 'D12.776.467.374.200.600.200', 'D23.125.300.110.200', 'D23.125.300.600.750', 'D23.469.200.110.200', 'D23.529.374.200.110.200', 'D23.529.374.200.600.200'], ['D12.644.276.374.200.110.250', 'D12.776.467.374.200.110.250', 'D23.125.300.110.250', 'D23.469.200.110.250', 'D23.529.374.200.110.250'], ['D12.644.276.374.200.120.500', 'D12.776.467.374.200.120.500', 'D23.125.300.120.500', 'D23.469.200.120.500', 'D23.529.374.200.120.500'], ['D12.644.276.374.200', 'D12.776.467.374.200', 'D23.125.300', 'D23.469.200', 'D23.529.374.200'], ['D12.644.276.374.200.110', 'D12.776.467.374.200.110', 'D23.125.300.110', 'D23.469.200.110', 'D23.529.374.200.110'], ['D12.644.276.374.200.120', 'D12.776.467.374.200.120', 'D23.125.300.120', 'D23.469.200.120', 'D23.529.374.200.120'], ['G04.198.424.233'], ['A14.549.167.646.480'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.644.276.374.200.120.800', 'D12.644.276.374.465.312', 'D12.776.467.374.200.120.800', 'D12.776.467.374.465.246', 'D23.125.300.120.800', 'D23.469.200.120.800', 'D23.529.374.200.120.800', 'D23.529.374.465.312'], ['A11.118.637', 'A15.145.229.637', 'A15.382.490'], ['D12.644.276.374.200.600', 'D12.776.467.374.200.600', 'D23.125.300.600', 'D23.469.200.600', 'D23.529.374.200.600'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C07.320.830.700.740', 'C07.465.714.306.700.740', 'C07.465.714.533.487.740'], ['C07.320.830.700', 'C07.465.714.306.700', 'C07.465.714.533.487'], ['C04.182.089.530.690.790.820', 'C05.500.470.690.790.820', 'C07.320.450.670.513.811', 'C07.320.830.820', 'C07.465.714.306.820'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.160.150.500', 'D12.776.543.750.705.852.125.150.500', 'D12.776.543.750.830.700.605'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.160', 'D12.776.543.750.705.852.125'], ['D12.776.543.750.830.700'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.160.500.750.500', 'D12.776.543.750.705.852.125.500.750.500', 'D12.776.543.750.705.852.420.421.500'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.569', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Retroperitoneoscopic partial nephrectomy in children: a multicentric international comparative study between lateral versus prone approach.
|
BACKGROUND: Very limited informations are currently available about the best approach to perform retroperitoneoscopic surgery. This multicentric international study aimed to compare the outcome of lateral versus prone approach for retroperitoneoscopic partial nephrectomy (RPN) in children.METHODS: The records of 164 patients underwent RPN in 7 international centers of pediatric surgery over the last 5 years were retrospectively reviewed. Sixty-one patients (42 girls and 19 boys, average age 3.8 years) were operated using lateral approach (G1), whereas 103 patients (66 girls and 37 boys, average age 3.0 years) underwent prone RPN (G2). The two groups were compared in regard to operative time, postoperative outcome, postoperative complications, and re-operations.RESULTS: The average operative time was significantly shorter in G2 (99 min) compared to G1 (160 min) (p = 0.001). Only 2 lateral RPN required conversion to open surgery. There was no significant difference between the two groups as for intraoperative complications (G1:2/61, 3.3%; G2:6/103, 5.8%; p = 0.48), postoperative complications (G1:9/61, 14.7%; G2:17/103, 16.5%; p = 0.80), and re-operations (G1:2/61, 3.3%; G2:4/103, 3.8%; p = 0.85). Regarding postoperative complications, the incidence of symptomatic residual distal ureteric stumps (RDUS) was significantly higher in G2 (7/103, 6.8%) compared to G1 (1/61, 1.6%) (p = 0.001). Most re-operations (4/6, 66.6%) were performed to remove a RDUS .CONCLUSIONS: Both lateral and prone approach are feasible and reasonably safe to perform RPN in children but the superiority of one approach over another is not still confirmed. Although prone technique resulted faster compared to lateral approach, the choice of the technique remains dependent on the surgeon's personal preference and experience. Our results would suggest that the lateral approach should be preferred to the prone technique when a longer ureterectomy is required, for example in cases of vesico-ureteral reflux into the affected kidney moiety, in order to avoid to leave a long ureteric stump that could become symptomatic and require a re-intervention.
|
['Child, Preschool', 'Conversion to Open Surgery', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Incidence', 'Internationality', 'Intraoperative Complications', 'Laparoscopy', 'Male', 'Nephrectomy', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Reoperation', 'Retroperitoneal Space', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 30,006,841
|
[['M01.060.406.448'], ['E04.502.250.155'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.375', 'N01.224.935.597.500', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.375', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.375'], ['I01.615'], ['C23.550.505'], ['E01.370.388.250.520', 'E04.502.250.520'], ['E04.950.774.435'], ['C23.550.767'], ['E04.690'], ['A01.923.047.025.750'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Validation of the Italian version of the Coma Recovery Scale-Revised (CRS-R).
|
PRIMARY OBJECTIVE: To validate the Italian version of the Coma Recovery Scale-Revised (CRS-R).METHODS: Two observers applied the Italian version of the CRS-R to selected patients. On day 1, observer A and B independently scored each patient; the comparison of their observations was used to evaluate inter-observer agreement. On day 2, observer A completed a second evaluation and the comparison of this observation with that obtained on day 1 by the same observer was used to evaluate test-re-test agreement. For each evaluation, also diagnostic impression (vegetative state/minimally conscious state) was reported.RESULTS: Thirty-eight patients were evaluated (mean age ± SD, 58.9 ± 13.8 years). Inter-observer (ñ = 0.81; p < 0.001) as well as test-re-test agreement (ñ = 0.97; p < 0.001) for the total score was high. Inter-observer agreement was excellent for the communication sub-scale, good for the auditory, visual and motor sub-scales and moderate for the oromotor/verbal and arousal sub-scales. Test-re-test agreement was excellent for the visual, motor, oromotor/verbal and communication sub-scales, good for the auditory sub-scale and moderate for the arousal sub-scale. When considering the diagnostic impression, inter-observer agreement was good (ê = 0.75; p < 0.001) and test-re-test agreement was excellent (ê = 0.92; p < 0.001).CONCLUSIONS: The Italian version of the CRS-R can be administered reliably and can be also employed to discriminate patients in vegetative and in minimally conscious state.
|
['Brain Damage, Chronic', 'Coma', 'Consciousness', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Italy', 'Language', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neuropsychological Tests', 'Observer Variation', 'Recovery of Function', 'Trauma Severity Indices']
| 21,401,371
|
[['C10.228.140.140'], ['C10.597.606.358.800.200', 'C23.888.592.604.359.800.200'], ['F02.463.188.409', 'F02.830.233'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.542.489'], ['F01.145.209.399', 'L01.559'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['F04.711.513'], ['E01.354.753', 'N02.421.450.600', 'N05.715.350.150.675', 'N06.850.490.500.250'], ['G16.757'], ['E05.318.308.940.968.875', 'E05.944', 'N04.452.859.564.800', 'N05.715.360.300.715.500.800', 'N06.850.520.308.940.968.875']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Hairless modulates ligand-dependent activation of the vitamin D receptor-retinoid X receptor heterodimer.
|
The active form of vitamin D, 1á,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) [1,25(OH)(2)D(3)], binds to the vitamin D receptor (VDR) and regulates various physiological and pharmacological processes. Secondary bile acids, such as lithocholic acid (LCA), also act as endogenous VDR ligands. The molecular basis of ligand-selective VDR action remains largely unknown. Hairless (HR) acts as a coregulator of VDR through a direct interaction. HR mutations confer an alopecia phenotype similar to VDR mutations in mice and humans, but the underlying molecular mechanisms have not been elucidated. We examined the effect of HR on VDR activation induced by 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) and LCA. HR repressed VDR transactivation induced by both 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) and LCA. HR also repressed transactivation of VDR E269A and R391A mutants, but less effectively than that of wild-type VDR. These residues are involved in retinoid X receptor (RXR) heterodimer allosteric communication, through which information from ligands is transmitted to dimer and coactivator interfaces. In the presence of HR cotransfection, LCA activated these VDR mutants more effectively than wild-type VDR. In mammalian two-hybrid assays, HR enhanced the association of VDR with a corepressor, nuclear receptor corepressor. These findings indicate that HR affects VDR-RXR heterodimer allosteric communication and corepressor complex formation. Interestingly, HR knockdown in keratinocyte-derived HaCaT cells increased ligand-induced cytochrome P450, family 24, subfamily A, polypeptide 1 (CYP24A1) expression but suppressed expression of cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide, indicating that HR acts not only as a corepressor but also as a coactivator. HR may be a VDR modulator that affects the RXR allosteric communication network in order to regulate transcription in a gene-selective manner.
|
['Calcitriol', 'Cell Line', 'Co-Repressor Proteins', 'Cyclic AMP', 'HEK293 Cells', 'Humans', 'Ligands', 'Lithocholic Acid', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Receptors, Calcitriol', 'Retinoid X Receptors', 'Steroid Hydroxylases', 'Transcription Factors', 'Transcriptional Activation', 'Vitamin D3 24-Hydroxylase']
| 22,466,564
|
[['D04.210.500.247.222.159.478.387.300', 'D04.210.500.247.808.146.478.387.300', 'D04.210.500.812.768.196.478.387.300', 'D10.570.938.146.478.387.300'], ['A11.251.210'], ['D12.776.930.780.625'], ['D03.633.100.759.646.138.395', 'D13.695.462.200', 'D13.695.667.138.395', 'D13.695.827.068.395'], ['A11.251.210.172.750', 'A11.436.334'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D27.720.470.480'], ['D04.210.500.105.225.480', 'D04.210.500.221.430.622'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['D12.776.826.535'], ['D12.776.826.701.500', 'D12.776.930.775.500'], ['D08.244.453.915', 'D08.811.682.690.708.170.915', 'D12.776.422.220.453.915'], ['D12.776.930'], ['G05.308.800'], ['D08.244.453.496.500', 'D08.811.682.690.708.170.469.500', 'D12.776.422.220.453.496.500']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Impedimetric investigation of dual electrical properties of reduced graphene-oxide-based biosensors in the detection of dopamine.
|
Because of the properties of high charge mobility, large detection area and chemical stability of graphene, it has been applied in many biomedical applications. Graphene oxide (GO) with abundant oxygenated functional groups is easily to form an aqueous suspension by sonication. Here, the exposed areas on the patterned-circuit silicon-based chips were first modified by (3-aminopropyl) trimethoxysilane (APTMS) for later chemically immobilized GO. After that, solution-based reduction process using hydrazine was used to gain reduced GO (RGO)-based biosensors. ESCA survey spectra showed oxygen-containing functional groups of GO decreased from 47% to 5.7%, 4.1%, 3.8%, and 3.6% under varied reduction times of 30 min, 40 min, 50 min, and 60 min, respectively. D/G intensity ratio (ID/IG) in Raman spectra showed 1.03 after 60-min reduction process. The 60-min reduction process was further used in the electrical sensing experiments. Since different deposited layers of graphene were obtained in our experimental processes, 60-min-RGO-based biosensors have been found that those immobilized RGO possessed semiconductive property as the layers are less than 11. By contrary, when the layers were above 11, the immobilized RGO would resemble metallic material. In addition, the impedimetric analyses indicated obvious signal responses above 86 kHz and showed a concentration-dependent trend in dopamine sensing in physiological phosphate buffered saline (PBS) using 60-min-RGO-based biosensors which were feature of semiconductor.
|
['Biosensing Techniques', 'Dopamine', 'Graphite', 'Oxides']
| 29,060,798
|
[['E05.601.043'], ['D02.092.211.215.406', 'D02.092.311.342', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.175.342'], ['D01.268.150.300', 'D01.578.300'], ['D01.248.497.158.685', 'D01.650.550']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Tryptase from rat skin: purification and properties.
|
Tryptase was purified 13,000-fold to apparent homogeneity from rat skin. The two-step procedure involved ammonium sulfate fractionation of the initial extract followed by combined sequential affinity chromatography on agarose-glycyl-glycyl-p-aminobenzamidine and concanavalin A-agarose. The purified enzyme had a specific activity toward N-benzoylarginine ethyl ester (BzArgOEt) of 170 mumol/min mg-1 and was obtained in a yield of 28% as determined by the specific substrate, H-D-Ile-Pro-Arg-p-nitroanilide. Rat skin tryptase was thermal labile, losing 50% of its activity when preincubated for 30 min at 30 degrees C. The presence of NaCl (1 M) improved thermal stability and was necessary for long-term storage. Heparin did not stabilize the enzyme against thermal denaturation, and heparin-agarose failed to bind the enzyme. Rat skin tryptase was inhibited by diisopropylphosphofluoridate, antipain, leupeptin, and aprotinin but not by alpha 1-antitrypsin, ovomucoid, or soybean or lima bean trypsin inhibitors. Substrate specificity studies using a series of tri- and tetrapeptidyl-p-nitroanilide and peptidyl-7-amino-4-methylcoumarin substrates demonstrated the existence of an extended substrate binding site. Rat skin tryptase hydrolyzed [Arg8]vasopressin, neurotensin, and the oxidized B-chain of insulin at the -Arg8-Gly9-NH2, -Arg8-Arg9-, and -Arg22-Gly23-bonds, respectively. No general proteinase activity was observed toward casein, hemoglobin, or azocoll. Rat skin tryptase had a Mr of 145,000 by gel filtration. The subunit Mr was either 34,000 or 30,000 depending on the electrophoretic technique used. Treatment of the enzyme with peptide N-glycosidase F (N-glycanase) decreased the subunit Mr by 4000. The enzyme exhibited multiple isoelectric forms (pI's of 4.5-4.9). Rat skin tryptase was found to be related statistically to other tryptases on the basis of amino acid composition. The N-terminal amino acid sequence was Ile1-Val2-Gly3-Gly4-Gln5-Glu6-Ala7-+ ++Ser8-Gly9-Asn10-Lys11-Trp12-Pro13- Trp14- Gln15-Val16-Ser17-Leu18-Arg19-Val20- --21-Asp-22Thr23-Tyr24-Typ25-, with a putative glycosylation site at residue 21. This sequence was 72-80% homologous with the N-terminus of other tryptases but only 40% homologous with that of bovine trypsin.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Animals', 'Chromatography, Affinity', 'Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel', 'Endopeptidases', 'Hormones', 'Indicators and Reagents', 'Male', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Molecular Weight', 'Peptide Hydrolases', 'Peptides', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Strains', 'Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid', 'Skin', 'Substrate Specificity']
| 2,036,367
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['B01.050'], ['E05.196.181.400.170'], ['E05.196.401.402', 'E05.301.300.319'], ['D08.811.277.656.300'], ['D06.472', 'D27.505.696.399.472'], ['D27.720.470.410'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G02.494'], ['D08.811.277.656'], ['D12.644'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400'], ['G02.111.810.550', 'G05.810.550'], ['A17.815'], ['G02.111.835']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Reproducibility and interobserver variability of systolic blood flow velocity and 3D wall shear stress derived from 4D flow MRI in the healthy aorta.
|
PURPOSE: To investigate the reproducibility and interobserver variability of 3D aortic velocity vector fields and wall shear stress (WSS) averaged over five systolic timeframes derived from noncontrast 4D flow magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fourteen controls underwent test-retest 4D flow MRI examinations separated by 16 ± 3 days (resolution = 3.0-3.6 ? 2.3-2.6 ? 2.5-2.7 mm(3) ; TE/TR/FA = 2.5/4.9 msec/7°; Venc = 150 cm/s). Two observers segmented the aorta, and WSS was calculated for both series of scans and both segmentations. Test-retest and interobserver velocity and WSS vectors were compared on a voxel-by-voxel basis in the aorta and on a regional basis by subdividing the aortas in six segments.RESULTS: Test-retest: voxel-by-voxel Bland-Altman analysis revealed small differences (-0.03/-0.02 m/s/Pa), limits of agreement (LOA) of 0.25 m/s/0.29 Pa, and coefficients of variation (CV) of 20% for velocity/WSS. Voxel-by-voxel orthogonal regression analysis showed moderate agreement (slope: 1.14/1.16, intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC]: 0.76/0.67 for velocity/WSS). The regional analysis revealed a CV of 9%/8% and ICC of 0.9/0.9 for velocity/WSS. Interobserver: voxel-by-voxel difference for WSS was 0, LOA: 0.17/0.19 Pa, CV: 12/13%, slope: 1.01/1.09, ICC: 0.87/0.85 for test/retest. The CV/ICC for WSS in the regional analysis was 4%/1.0 for test and 3%/1.0 for retest.CONCLUSION: Systolic velocity and WSS derived from 4D flow MRI are reproducible between consecutive visits, with low interobserver variability in healthy volunteers.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aorta', 'Blood Flow Velocity', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted', 'Imaging, Three-Dimensional', 'Magnetic Resonance Angiography', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Observer Variation', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Shear Strength', 'Systole', 'Young Adult']
| 26,140,480
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['A07.015.114.056'], ['E01.370.370.130', 'G09.330.380.630.080'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.158.600', 'E01.370.350.350', 'L01.313.500.750.100.158.600'], ['E01.370.350.400', 'L01.224.308.410'], ['E01.370.350.825.500.500', 'E01.370.370.050.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.354.753', 'N02.421.450.600', 'N05.715.350.150.675', 'N06.850.490.500.250'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['G01.374.820'], ['G09.330.580.880', 'G11.427.494.570.880'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Potentiation of DNA-adduct formation and cytotoxicity of platinum-containing drugs by low pH.
|
The low interstitial pH of tumor tissue is an important modulator of various anti-tumor modalities. In order to explore the optimal conditions for the potentiating action of low pH on the cytotoxic activities of cis- and carboplatin, we have investigated the temporal aspects of drug activity and pH modulation in L1210 murine leukemia cells in comparison with various other drugs. Extra- and intra-cellular pH of L1210 cells was modulated before, during and after drug exposure and survival of L1210 cells was determined. During short exposures, cytotoxicity of cisplatin and alkylating drugs was potentiated by conditions of low pH in the ranking order of: cisplatin, mitomycin C, melphalan and chlorambucil. Low pH had no effect on the cytotoxic activity of carboplatin and cytosine arabinoside and it inhibited the action of doxorubicin. During prolonged incubation at low pH, potentiation of cisplatin was increased and a more than 3-fold potentiation was induced in the case of carboplatin. Part of the latter effect was also manifested by 20 hr post-incubation in drug-free medium at low pH after a 4-hr exposure to carboplatin. Post-incubation did not increase the stimulating effect of low pH on the cytotoxic activity of melphalan and cisplatin. Acidification affected neither the uptake nor the extracellular hydrolysis of platinum-containing drugs. Under all circumstances, potentiation of platinum-containing drugs was accompanied by an increase in platinum-induced DNA modification, as detected by immunocytochemistry.
|
['Animals', 'Biological Transport', 'Carboplatin', 'Cisplatin', 'Cytoplasm', 'DNA', 'DNA Damage', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Leukemia L1210', 'Mice', 'Time Factors', 'Tumor Cells, Cultured']
| 8,478,143
|
[['B01.050'], ['G03.143'], ['D02.257.125'], ['D01.210.375', 'D01.625.125', 'D01.710.100'], ['A11.284.430.214'], ['D13.444.308'], ['G05.200'], ['G02.300'], ['E05.481'], ['C04.557.337.372.594', 'C04.619.531.594'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['G01.910.857'], ['A11.251.860']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Effects of transcranial direct current stimulation of the motor cortex on prefrontal cortex activation during a neuromuscular fatigue task: an fNIRS study.
|
This study investigated whether manipulation of motor cortex excitability by transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) modulates neuromuscular fatigue and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS)-derived prefrontal cortex (PFC) activation. Fifteen healthy men (27.7 ± 8.4 years) underwent anodal (2 mA, 10 min) and sham (2 mA, first 30 s only) tDCS delivered to the scalp over the right motor cortex. Subjects initially performed a baseline sustained submaximal (30 % maximal voluntary isometric contraction, MVC) isometric contraction task (SSIT) of the left elbow flexors until task failure, which was followed 50 min later by either an anodal or sham treatment condition, then a subsequent posttreatment SSIT. Endurance time (ET), torque integral (TI), and fNIRS-derived contralateral PFC oxygenated (O2Hb) and deoxygenated (HHb) hemoglobin concentration changes were determined at task failure. Results indicated that during the baseline and posttreatment SSIT, there were no significant differences in TI and ET, and increases in fNIRS-derived PFC activation at task failure were observed similarly regardless of the tDCS conditions. This suggests that the PFC neuronal activation to maintain muscle force production was not modulated by anodal tDCS.
|
['Adult', 'Elbow', 'Fatigue', 'Hemoglobins', 'Humans', 'Isometric Contraction', 'Male', 'Motor Cortex', 'Neuromuscular Junction', 'Oxyhemoglobins', 'Prefrontal Cortex', 'Psychomotor Performance', 'Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared', 'Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation']
| 23,852,479
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['A01.378.800.420'], ['C23.888.369'], ['D12.776.124.400', 'D12.776.422.316.762'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G11.427.494.472'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.270.548', 'A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.814.624'], ['A08.800.550.550.550', 'A08.850.550.550', 'A11.284.149.165.420.780.550.550'], ['D12.776.124.400.707', 'D12.776.422.316.762.687'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.270.700'], ['F02.808', 'G11.427.700', 'G11.561.660'], ['E01.370.350.750', 'E05.196.867.851'], ['E02.621.820']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
[Fluorescence in situ hybridization detection of peripheral lymphocyte and ultrastructural study of the testicular tissue in a 48,XXYY syndrome patient].
|
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the pathogenesis of male sterility in 48,XXYY syndrome patient.METHODS: The peripheral lymphocyte was detected by dual-color fluorescence in situ hybridization. The bioptic testicular tissues were pathologically sectioned and ultra-thin sections were examined by electron-microscopy.RESULTS: The pathological findings revealed extremely severe dysgenesis of the badly damaged testicular tissue. Only a few convoluted seminiferous tubules were found, in which no spermatogenic cell or sperm of any range could be viewed. The ultrastructural observations showed the thickened interstitial vascular walls of the testicular tissue and severe hyperplasia of the collagen fibers in the basilemma and lumens of the blood vessels.CONCLUSION: The structure of the testicle in the 48,XXYY syndrome patient has severe fibrous hyperplasia, leading to the non-specific thickening of the barrier and serious damage to the blood-testis barrier, which in turn produce significant disturbance and pathological changes in the process of the spermatogenic cell formation. The whole interrelated loops account mainly for the male sterility.
|
['Adult', 'Chromosomes, Human, X', 'Chromosomes, Human, Y', 'Humans', 'In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence', 'Infertility, Male', 'Lymphocytes', 'Male', 'Microscopy, Electron', 'Sex Chromosome Aberrations', 'Testis']
| 14,556,200
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['A11.284.187.520.300.325.680', 'A11.284.187.865.982.500', 'G05.360.162.520.300.325.680', 'G05.360.162.865.982.500'], ['A11.284.187.520.300.505.757', 'A11.284.187.865.983.500', 'G05.360.162.520.300.505.757', 'G05.360.162.865.983.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.670.325.350', 'E01.370.225.750.600.670.325.350', 'E05.200.500.620.670.325.350', 'E05.200.750.600.670.325.350', 'E05.393.285.350', 'E05.393.661.475.350'], ['C12.294.365.700'], ['A11.118.637.555.567', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567', 'A15.382.490.555.567'], ['E01.370.350.515.402', 'E05.595.402'], ['C23.550.210.815', 'G05.365.590.175.815'], ['A05.360.444.849', 'A05.360.576.782', 'A06.300.312.782']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Validity study of the Moral Judgment Test in Physical Education: development and preliminary validation.
|
Teaching ethical behavior is an aspect of physical education. The purpose of the study was to present the construction and to estimate validity of a test which assesses physical education students' moral judgment, the Moral Judgment Test in Physical Education. The sample comprised 281 male and female participants (95 in Grades 7 to 9, 92 in Grades 10 to 12, and 94 university students), who completed Lind's Moral Judgment Test and the Moral Judgment Test-PE version. The validity of the latter was assessed using four criteria of Lind's moral theory. Analysis indicated that the Moral Judgment Test-PE had adequate construct validity and correlated positively, although relatively weakly, with the original test, so the new version has sufficient construct validity to be used in physical education.
|
['Adolescent', 'Attitude', 'Child', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Judgment', 'Male', 'Models, Psychological', 'Moral Development', 'Morals', 'Physical Education and Training', 'Psychometrics', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Sports', 'Students', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Teaching']
| 18,459,355
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['F01.100'], ['M01.060.406'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F02.463.785.626'], ['E05.599.695'], ['F01.752.747.616', 'F01.829.500.679', 'K01.752.566.739'], ['F01.829.500', 'K01.752.566'], ['I02.233.543'], ['F04.711.780'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['I03.450.642.845'], ['M01.848'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['I02.903']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
CD40 stimulation induces vincristine resistance via AKT activation and MRP1 expression in a human multiple myeloma cell line.
|
Various co-stimulatory receptors are expressed in multiple myeloma (MM) both in immune microenvironment and in the tumor microenvironment in vivo. In relapsed human MM, these receptors are known to increase cell proliferation and induce conventional drug resistance. However, the mechanism of drug resistance induced via co-stimulatory receptors is poorly understood. In this study, we examined the role of CD40 expressed on MM cell lines. Out of all of the KMS MM cell lines, the KMS28BM cells expressed high levels of the CD40 receptor. When stimulated with anti-CD40 antibody or recombinant human CD40L, the proliferation of KMS28BM cells was increased 1.7 fold. In CD40-stimulated KMS28BM cells, signaling via the AKT pathway caused an increase in the expression of multidrug resistance-associated gene 1 (MRP1) and IL-6 by 2.2 fold and 30 fold, respectively, but not the MDR1 gene. Furthermore, CD40-stimulated KMS28BM cells were observed to be substantially resistant to the anticancer drug vincristine, and when cells were treated with the MRP1 specific inhibitor, MK-571, drug resistance was decreased. We also found that CD40-stimulated, MRP1-expressing KMS28BM cells significantly increased calcein efflux, and calcein efflux was inhibited through treatment with MK-571. Therefore, blocking CD40 and inhibiting MRP1 are potential targets to treat CD40-induced drug resistance in multiple myeloma.
|
['Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic', 'CD40 Antigens', 'CD40 Ligand', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Drug Resistance, Neoplasm', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Humans', 'Multidrug Resistance-Associated Proteins', 'Multiple Myeloma', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt', 'Signal Transduction', 'Vincristine']
| 22,445,357
|
[['D27.505.954.248.179'], ['D12.776.465.750', 'D12.776.543.750.705.852.760.097', 'D23.050.301.264.051.140', 'D23.101.100.150.140'], ['D12.644.276.374.750.124', 'D12.776.395.550.185', 'D12.776.467.374.750.124', 'D12.776.543.550.198', 'D23.529.374.750.124'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['G07.690.773.984.395'], ['G05.308'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.157.530.100.304', 'D12.776.157.530.450.074.500.500.500', 'D12.776.543.585.100.304', 'D12.776.543.585.450.074.500.500.500'], ['C04.557.595.500', 'C14.907.454.460', 'C15.378.147.780.650', 'C15.378.463.515.460', 'C20.683.515.845', 'C20.683.780.650'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.755', 'D12.776.476.565', 'D12.776.624.664.700.168'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['D03.132.436.681.827.817', 'D03.633.100.473.402.681.827.817', 'D03.633.100.496.500.500.681.827.817']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Negative-pressure wound therapy: a hemostatic adjunct for control of coagulopathic hemorrhage in large soft tissue wounds.
|
BACKGROUND: Negative-pressure wound therapy has been commonly used for treating chronic wounds and recently applied for treatment of traumatic wounds. We investigated the potential hemostatic benefit of negative-pressure wound therapy for control of refractory hemorrhage in a soft tissue wound model in swine.METHODS: Coagulopathy was induced in pigs (n = 38, 36 kg) by hemodilution and hypothermia. Next, a large soft tissue wound (diameter, approximately 20 cm) was created by slicing the gluteus maximus muscle. Free bleeding was allowed for 1 minute, and wounds were then randomly dressed with either laparotomy gauze (G) alone or TraumaPad (TP, a kaolin-coated dressing) alone or in combination with negative pressure (NP, approximately -500 mm Hg). All wounds were sealed with adhesive drapes. Fluid resuscitation was administered and targeted to mean arterial pressure of 60 mm Hg. Pigs were observed for 150 minutes or until death after which tissues were sampled for histologic examination.RESULTS: Induced coagulopathy as measured by increases in prothrombin time (12%) and activated partial thromboplastin time (22%) and decreases in fibrinogen (48%) were similar in all groups. There were no differences in initial bleeding rates (4.5 mL/kg/min). Dressing the wounds with G or TP produced hemostasis only in one pig (1 of 18 pigs). Addition of NP to these dressings secured hemostasis in 70% (G) and 90% (TP) of animals with average hemostasis time of 34 minutes and 25 minutes, respectively. Blood losses and fluid resuscitation requirements were significantly less, and survival times were significantly longer in NP adjunct groups than in the other groups. Survival rates were 80% (G+NP) and 90% (TP+NP) versus 0% (G) and 10% (TP) in the respective groups. Histologic examination showed similar superficial myofibril damages in all groups.CONCLUSION: To our knowledge, the present data provide the first evidence that NP serves as an effective hemostatic adjunct and when combined with standard hemostatic dressing it is able to stop lethal coagulopathic bleeding in large soft tissue wounds.
|
['Animals', 'Blast Injuries', 'Blood Coagulation Disorders', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Explosions', 'Hemorrhage', 'Hemostatic Techniques', 'Male', 'Negative-Pressure Wound Therapy', 'Soft Tissue Injuries', 'Swine']
| 23,117,379
|
[['B01.050'], ['C26.120.126'], ['C15.378.100'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['N06.230.208'], ['C23.550.414'], ['E02.520'], ['E02.309.610', 'E04.237.444', 'E04.987.550'], ['C26.808'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.880']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Restriction mapping of DNA of temperate Rhizobium meliloti phage 16-3: comparison of genetic and physical maps indicates a long, genetically silent chromosomal arm.
|
The complete restriction map of DNA (61.57 Kb) of temperate Rhizobium meliloti phage 16-3 has been constructed for enzymes BglII, HindIII, HpaI, KpnI, and a partial map for EcoRI. The strategy employed for mapping included the analysis of double, triple and partial digests; comparison of wild type and deletion mutants; and detailed analysis of subfragments, exploiting the presence of cohesive ends of the phage. Comparison of the genetic and physical maps indicates that one arm of the chromosome is genetically silent and/or contains nonessential genes.
|
['Bacteriophages', 'Chromosome Mapping', 'DNA Restriction Enzymes', 'DNA, Viral', 'Electrophoresis, Agar Gel', 'Genes, Viral', 'Molecular Weight', 'Rhizobium']
| 293,461
|
[]
|
[]
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Inhibition of ROCK2 expression protects against methamphetamine-induced neurotoxicity in PC12 cells.
|
Methamphetamine is a type of psychoactive drug. It is well known that neurotoxicity caused by Methamphetamine(METH) can damage the nervous system and lead to apoptosis and cell loss of dopaminergic neurons. ROCK2 is a prominent target for gene therapy because its inhibition has proved to have a protective effect in various cell lines and pathophysiological conditions. Although several of the negative effects of METH on the dopaminergic system have been studied, the protective molecular mechanisms and the effective treatment of METH-induced apoptosis remain to be clarified. We hypothesized that ROCK2 is involved in METH-induced apoptosis. We tested our hypothesis using RT-PCR and western blotting to analyze whether silencing of ROCK2 with small interfering RNA (siROCK2) could reduce damage and apoptosis in PC12 cells after METH exposure. Increases in viability and cytomorphological changes were detected by MTT assay and bright field microscopy after pretreatment of METH-treated PC12 cells with 100 nM siROCK2. Apoptosis decreased significantly after ROCK2 silencing, as shown by Annexin V and TUNEL staining. The results show that ROCK2 is a possible gene target for therapeutics in METH-induced neurotoxicity in vitro, providing a foundation for future in vivo research.
|
['Animals', 'Apoptosis', 'Methamphetamine', 'Neurons', 'PC12 Cells', 'Rats', 'rho-Associated Kinases']
| 23,954,743
|
[['B01.050'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['D02.092.471.683.152.619'], ['A08.675', 'A11.671'], ['A11.251.210.190.750', 'A11.251.860.180.750', 'A11.299.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.814', 'D12.644.360.590', 'D12.776.476.595']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Genetic screening of wine-related enzymes in Lactobacillus species isolated from South African wines.
|
AIMS: The objective of this study was to investigate the presence of genes coding for enzymes of oenological relevance in wine Lactobacillus strains isolated from South African grape and wine samples during the 2001 and 2002 harvest seasons.METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 120 wine lactobacilli isolates belonging to Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus hilgardii, Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus pentosus, Lactobacillus paracasei, Lactobacillus sakei and Lactobacillus paraplantarum were genetically screened for enzyme-encoding genes using PCR with primers specific for beta-glucosidase, protease, esterase, citrate lyase and phenolic acid decarboxylase. The results of PCR screening showed that the Lactobacillus strains possessed different combinations of enzymes and that some strains did not possess any of the enzymes tested. Confirmation analysis with gene sequencing also showed high similarity of genes with those available in GenBank database.CONCLUSION: In this study, we have demonstrated the existence of genes coding for wine-related enzymes in wine lactobacilli that could potentially hydrolyse wine precursors to positively influence wine aroma.SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: An expansion of knowledge on the genetic diversity of wine-associated lactic acid bacteria will enable the selection of novel malolactic fermentation starter cultures with desired oenological traits for the improvement of the organoleptic quality of the wine, and hence wine aroma.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Enzymes', 'Lactobacillus', 'Sequence Alignment', 'Vitis', 'Wine', 'beta-Glucosidase']
| 19,793,136
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['D08.811'], ['B03.353.750.450.475', 'B03.510.460.400.410.475.475', 'B03.510.550.450.475'], ['E05.393.751'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.965.500'], ['G07.203.100.100.900', 'G07.203.200.887', 'J02.200.100.900', 'J02.350.887'], ['D08.811.277.450.420.200.100']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Ornithine decarboxylase: haplotype structure and trait associations in White Leghorn chickens.
|
Sequence analysis of 4,230 bp of the 3' end of the ornithine decarboxylase gene of 20 chickens from a noninbred White Leghorn strain revealed a total of 62 polymorphisms. Of these 61% were transitions, 24% were transversions, and 16% were deletions or insertions. Despite the high number of polymorphisms, only 3 haplotypes were present among the 40 alleles analyzed. Based on the genetic distances between haplotypes they segregated early during domestication of the chicken. Ornithine decarboxylase is a pivotal enzyme in regulating the synthesis of polyamines, cations that are important regulators of cell division, differentiation, and apoptosis. Variants of ornithine decarboxylase are, therefore, expected to affect many different traits. Association analyses between genotypes and the major egg production traits in female chickens of the same strain revealed significant effects on the onset of sexual maturity, BW at sexual maturity, eggshell thickness (a measure of calcium deposition), and residual feed consumption (a measure of the metabolic rate). Further, comparisons of the genotypes indicated that the 3 haplotypes differ in their phenotypic properties. Our results show that variations in a gene that is ubiquitously expressed in all cells of an organism may nevertheless contribute to distinct phenotypic properties of the organism as a whole.
|
['Animals', 'Body Weight', 'Chickens', 'DNA Primers', 'Female', 'Genotype', 'Haplotypes', 'Male', 'Ornithine Decarboxylase', 'Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length', 'Quantitative Trait Loci', 'Sequence Analysis, DNA', 'Sexual Maturation']
| 15,384,901
|
[['B01.050'], ['C23.888.144', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120', 'E05.041.124.160.750', 'G07.100.100.160.120', 'G07.345.249.314.120'], ['B01.050.150.900.248.350.150', 'B01.050.150.900.248.690.192'], ['D13.695.578.424.450.275', 'D27.720.470.530.600.223.600'], ['G05.380'], ['G05.380.360'], ['D08.811.520.224.125.425'], ['G05.365.795.595'], ['G05.360.340.024.380.937'], ['E05.393.760.700'], ['G07.345.750.750', 'G08.686.841.750']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Development of a tightly regulated and highly inducible ecdysone receptor gene switch for plants through the use of retinoid X receptor chimeras.
|
Chemical inducible gene regulation systems provide essential tools for the precise regulation of transgene expression in plants and animals. Recent development of a two-hybrid ecdysone receptor (EcR) gene regulation system has solved some of the drawbacks that were associated with the monopartate gene switch. To further improve the versatility of the two-hybrid EcR gene switch for wide spread use in plants, chimeras between Homo sapiens retinoid X receptor (HsRXR) and insect, Locusta migratoria RXR (LmRXR) were tested in tobacco protoplasts as partners with Choristoneura fumiferana EcR (CfEcR) in inducing expression of the luciferase reporter gene. The RXR chimera 9 (CH9) along with CfEcR, in a two-hybrid format gave the best results in terms of low-background expression levels in the absence of ligand and high-induced expression levels of the reporter gene in the presence of nanomolar concentrations of the methoxyfenozide ligand. The performance of CH9 was further tested in corn and soybean protoplasts and the data obtained was compared with the other EcR switches that contained the wild-type LmRXR or HsRXR as EcR partners. In both transient expression studies and stable transformation experiments, the fold induction values obtained with the CH9 switch were several times higher than the values obtained with the other EcR switches containing LmRXR or HsRXR. The new CfEcR two-hybrid gene switch that uses the RXR CH9 as a partner in inducing reporter gene expression provides an efficient, ligand-sensitive and tightly regulated gene switch for plants.
|
['Arabidopsis', 'DNA', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Genetic Techniques', 'Humans', 'Hydrazines', 'Juvenile Hormones', 'Ligands', 'Models, Genetic', 'Plants, Genetically Modified', 'Protoplasts', 'Receptors, Steroid', 'Recombinant Fusion Proteins', 'Retinoid X Receptors', 'Tobacco', 'Transgenes', 'Two-Hybrid System Techniques']
| 17,139,530
|
[['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.157.100'], ['D13.444.308'], ['G05.308'], ['E05.393'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D02.442'], ['D06.472.445.573.666'], ['D27.720.470.480'], ['E05.599.395.397'], ['B01.650.520', 'B05.620.600'], ['A11.789'], ['D12.776.826.750', 'D12.776.930.778'], ['D12.776.828.300'], ['D12.776.826.701.500', 'D12.776.930.775.500'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.908.500.900'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.825'], ['E05.393.220.870', 'E05.601.690.650', 'E05.601.870']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Opposite effects on tumor growth depending on dose of Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharides in C57BL/6 mice.
|
We report here the investigation on the effects of Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharides (ABPS) against Lewis lung cancer (LLC) in C57BL/6 mice. Depending on its doses administered in vivo, ABPS was shown to have inhibitory as well as stimulative effects on tumor growth in LLC-bearing C57BL/6 mice. ABPS at low dose could significantly inhibit LLC growth, while high dose treatment of ABPS stimulated, rather than inhibited, LLC growth in C57BL/6 mice. Tumor cell cycle analysis revealed that more tumor cells arrested at G2/M phase after daily low dose intraperitoneal injection of ABPS for consecutive 15 days. The spleen weight increased markedly in LLC-bearing C57BL/6 mice treated with high dose of ABPS. However, the spleen cytotoxicity activity was significantly despaired in mice of high dose treatment of ABPS. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the expressions of IL-6 mRNA and TNF-alpha mRNA were markedly up-regulated in spleens from mice treated with a high dose of ABPS by RT-PCR reactions, suggesting that the low dose of ABPS inhibits tumor growth via its effect on tumor cell cycle distribution, rather than activation of NK activity as previously suggested. We postulate that the stimulation of tumor growth by high dose of ABPS is associated with dysfunction of NK cell and up-regulation of IL-6 mRNA and TNF-alpha mRNA expression in murine spleen.
|
['Achyranthes', 'Animals', 'Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic', 'Carcinoma, Lewis Lung', 'Cell Cycle', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Cell Survival', 'Cytokines', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Female', 'Lung Neoplasms', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Organ Size', 'Polysaccharides', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Spleen']
| 17,386,404
|
[['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.198.500.100.100'], ['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.248.179'], ['C04.557.470.200.280', 'C04.619.230'], ['G04.144'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['G04.346'], ['D12.644.276.374', 'D12.776.467.374', 'D23.529.374'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['C04.588.894.797.520', 'C08.381.540', 'C08.785.520'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.660', 'E05.041.124.715', 'G07.100.100.660', 'G07.345.249.690'], ['D09.698'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['E05.393.620.500.725'], ['A10.549.700', 'A15.382.520.604.700']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Effects of morphine on metabolism of dopamine and serotonin in brains of alcohol-preferring AA and alcohol-avoiding ANA rats.
|
Morphine induces a larger locomotor stimulation in the alcohol-preferring AA rats than in the alcohol-avoiding ANA rats. We have now studied the acute effects of morphine (1 and 3 mg/kg) on metabolism of dopamine and serotonin (5-HT) in the dorsal and ventral striatum of the AA and ANA rats. The basal level of dopamine release, as reflected by the concentration of dopamine metabolite 3-methoxytyramine (3-MT), was lower in the caudate-putamen and nucleus accumbens of the AA rats than in the ANA rats. In the caudate-putamen, morphine increased dopamine metabolism and release more in the AA than in the ANA rats. In the nucleus accumbens and olfactory tubercle, the effects of morphine on dopamine metabolism and release did not differ between the rat lines. Morphine elevated the metabolism of 5-HT in the caudate-putamen and nucleus accumbens of the AA but not in those of the ANA rats. The results suggest that the larger morphine-induced psychomotor stimulation of the AA rats in comparison with the ANA rats is associated with the larger effect of morphine on dopamine metabolism in the caudate-putamen and 5-HT metabolism in the caudate-putamen and nucleus accumbens. Furthermore, low basal dopamine release may play a role in the high alcohol-preference of AA rats.
|
['Alcohol Drinking', 'Analgesics, Opioid', 'Animals', 'Caudate Nucleus', 'Dopamine', 'Morphine', 'Nucleus Accumbens', 'Olfactory Pathways', 'Rats', 'Serotonin']
| 10,386,658
|
[['F01.145.317.269'], ['D27.505.696.277.600.500', 'D27.505.696.663.850.014.760.500', 'D27.505.954.427.040.550.500', 'D27.505.954.427.210.600.500'], ['B01.050'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.249.487.550.184'], ['D02.092.211.215.406', 'D02.092.311.342', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.175.342'], ['D03.132.577.249.562.571', 'D03.605.497.607.587', 'D03.633.400.686.607.587', 'D04.615.723.795.576.571'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.249.487.775.500'], ['A08.186.211.180.699', 'A08.612.220.640'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['D02.092.211.215.801.852', 'D03.633.100.473.914.814', 'D23.469.050.650']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Preoperative transarterial embolization of hypervascular vertebral tumor with permanent particles.
|
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the safety and value of preoperative transarterial embolization of hypervascular vertebral tumors.METHODS: Sixteen patients with hypervascular vertebral tumors underwent transarterial embolization before surgery. The lesions were located between the middle cervical and lower lumbar spine. Forty-one arteries were embolized with permanent particles injected through a microcatheter, including polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) particles (150 - 500 micro m) in 25 arteries and Dextran particles (150 - 350 micro m) in 16. Of these, 31 had pieces of gelatin sponge added for proximal pedicled embolization. The criteria for judging the effectiveness of embolization were completeness of tumor removal and estimated blood loss during surgery.RESULTS: The particles were injected into the tumor feeders through superselection in 17 arteries or flow control in 24. Tumor embolization was defined as "total" in five patients, "nearly total" in eight, "subtotal" in two, and "partial" in another. There were no symptomatic complications associated with embolization. Tumors were entirely removed in all patients. The average estimated blood loss during surgery was 1510 ml (range of 200 - 6000 ml) for all 16 patients.CONCLUSION: Preoperative embolization of hypervascular vertebral tumors is safe and effective. It can make complete resection of a tumor possible and can make a previously unresectable tumor resectable. Superselection or flow control is necessary to achieve effective devascularization and to avoid complications.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Arteries', 'Embolization, Therapeutic', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Spinal Neoplasms']
| 12,609,088
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['A07.015.114'], ['E02.520.360', 'E02.926.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['C04.588.149.828', 'C05.116.231.828', 'C05.116.900.801']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
[Screening for cervical cancer in the county of Funen. Status of 25 years of development and experiences].
|
INTRODUCTION: Since 1979 screening against cervical cancer has been conducted in the County of Funen. In the period 1979-1988 the screening against cervical cancer was opportunistic, where women aged 25-55 years had a PAP-smear taken once a year by their GP or gynaecologists at the hospitals. In this period the coverage was only about 50% and the number of cervical cancer was not decreasing as seen in Counties with organised screening programmes. Since 1989 the screening has been organised in the County of Funen, which will be described in the following, including updating and quality improvements such as implementation of liquid based cytology and semiautomated screening (ThinPrep Imaging System, Cytyc).MATERIAL AND METHOD: The programme is based on an automated call-recall system designed to invite women aged 23-59 years. The offer is free of charge and the PAP-smears are taken by the general practitioners. All cervical cytological samples from the County are processed and screened at the Department of Pathology Odense University Hospital. Since 2001 the liquid based technique, ThinPrep-Paptest, has been used, and from 2004 an assisted screening (ThinPrep Imaging System) has been implemented in the routine screening.RESULTS: Switching from opportunistic to organised screening and implementation of liquid based cytology has resulted in a reduction in the number of samples, about 6,500 per year. The diagnostic quality has increased; the number of incidences of cervical cancer was reduced from 62 in 1988 to 18 in 2004 and the mortality from 29 in 1988 to 12 in 2001.CONCLUSION: Since implementation of the organized screening programme and later of the liquid based cytology the coverage and diagnostic quality have increased. The incidence and mortality of cervical cancer have decreased.
|
['Adult', 'Denmark', 'Family Practice', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Incidence', 'Mass Screening', 'Middle Aged', 'Papanicolaou Test', 'Uterine Cervical Neoplasms', 'Vaginal Smears']
| 16,768,956
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['Z01.542.816.124'], ['H02.403.340.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.375', 'N01.224.935.597.500', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.375', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.375'], ['E01.370.500', 'E05.318.308.980.438.580', 'N02.421.726.233.443', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.580', 'N06.850.780.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.370.225.500.384.100.422', 'E01.370.225.998.054.422', 'E04.074.422', 'E05.200.500.384.100.422', 'E05.200.998.054.422', 'E05.242.384.100.422'], ['C04.588.945.418.948.850', 'C13.351.500.852.593.131', 'C13.351.500.852.762.850', 'C13.351.937.418.875.850'], ['E01.370.225.500.384.100.800', 'E01.370.225.998.054.800', 'E01.370.378.900', 'E04.074.800', 'E05.200.500.384.100.800', 'E05.200.998.054.800', 'E05.242.384.100.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
[The so-called preventive house call. Forestalling nursing home admission].
|
In view of the increasing numbers of elderly citizens in the general population, there is a need to ensure that they receive medical care within a setting of independence preservation and, wherever possible, within the domestic environment. Preventive house calls can contribute greatly to efforts made to achieve this aim. The implementation of this effective instrument should be in the hands of a team of specially trained family doctors, nurses and geriatric care-providers. During a house call, a multidimensional geriatric assessment covering such aspects as mobility, nutritional status, somatosensory status, and domestic and social environment, should be made. Of essential importance is the long-term care of the geriatric patient, which can be realized by the family doctor via repeated house calls. Current cost/benefit analyses clearly favor anchoring the preventive house calls in the public health service.
|
['Activities of Daily Living', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Chronic Disease', 'Disability Evaluation', 'Forecasting', 'Frail Elderly', 'Germany', 'House Calls', 'Humans', 'Nursing Homes', 'Patient Admission', 'Population Dynamics', 'Risk Assessment']
| 12,808,820
|
[['E02.760.169.063.500.067', 'E02.831.067', 'I03.050', 'N02.421.784.110'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['C23.550.291.500'], ['E01.370.400'], ['I01.320'], ['M01.060.116.100.540'], ['Z01.542.315'], ['N04.452.758.307'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N02.278.825.610'], ['E02.760.400.600', 'N02.421.585.400.600'], ['I01.240.600', 'N01.224.625', 'N06.850.505.400.700'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.715', 'N04.452.871.715', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.690', 'N06.850.505.715', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.715']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Diffusion-weighted MRI of epithelial ovarian cancers: correlation of apparent diffusion coefficient values with histologic grade and surgical stage.
|
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this article is to correlate the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of epithelial ovarian cancers with histologic grade and surgical stage.MATERIALS AND METHODS: We enrolled 43 patients with pathologically proven epithelial ovarian cancers for this retrospective study. All patients underwent preoperative pelvic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) including diffusion-weighted images with b value of 0 and 1000 s/mm2 at 3.0-T unit. The mean ADC values of the solid portion of the tumor were measured and compared among different histologic grades and surgical stages.RESULTS: The mean ADC values of epithelial ovarian cancers differed significantly between grade 1 (well-differentiated) and grade 2 (moderately-differentiated) (P=0.013) as well as between grade 1 and grade 3 (poorly-differentiated) (P=0.01); however, no statistically significant difference existed between grade 2 and grade 3 (P=0.737). The receiver-operating characteristic analysis indicated that a cutoff ADC value of less than or equal to 1.09?10(-3)mm2/s was associated with 94.4% sensitivity and 85.7% specificity in distinguishing grade 1 and grade 2/3 cancer. The difference in mean ADC values was statistically significant for early stage (FIGO stage I) and advanced stage (FIGO stage II-IV) cancer (P=0.011). The interobserver agreement for the mean ADC values of epithelial ovarian cancers was excellent.CONCLUSION: The mean ADC values of the solid portion of epithelial ovarian cancers negatively correlated to histologic grade and surgical stage. The mean ADC values may be useful imaging biomarkers for assessment of tumor grade of epithelial ovarian cancer.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Biomarkers', 'Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial', 'Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasm Grading', 'Neoplasm Staging', 'Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial', 'Ovarian Neoplasms', 'ROC Curve', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Sensitivity and Specificity']
| 25,623,826
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D23.101'], ['C04.557.470.200.295', 'C04.588.322.455.199', 'C13.351.500.056.630.705.350', 'C13.351.937.418.685.350', 'C19.344.410.199', 'C19.391.630.705.350'], ['E01.370.350.825.500.150'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.789.612'], ['E01.789.625'], ['C04.557.470'], ['C04.588.322.455', 'C13.351.500.056.630.705', 'C13.351.937.418.685', 'C19.344.410', 'C19.391.630.705'], ['E05.318.370.800.750', 'E05.318.740.872.750', 'N05.715.360.325.700.680', 'N06.850.520.445.800.750'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
[The changes of beta-glucuronidase in rabbit model with calcium bilirubinate stone].
|
The aim of the present study is to determine the beta-glucuronidase changes in bile and hepatobiliary tissue of rabbit model having pigment gallstone by means of biochemical and enzymehistochemical assay methods. The result showed both of the bacterial and non-bacterial beta-glucuronidase take part in the course of pigment gallstone formation. The bacterial beta-glucuronidase level increased quickly before the formation of gallstone, then decreased with control of bacterial infection. Non-bacterial beta-glucuronidase increased slowly in pro-formation stage of gallstone, then kept high level for long period of time. The relationship between beta-glucuronidase and pigment gallstone formation is also discussed.
|
['Animals', 'Bile', 'Bilirubin', 'Calcium', 'Cholelithiasis', 'Escherichia coli', 'Female', 'Glucuronidase', 'Liver', 'Male', 'Rabbits']
| 2,202,652
|
[['B01.050'], ['A12.200.087'], ['D03.383.129.578.840.249.184', 'D03.633.400.909.249.184', 'D04.345.783.249.184', 'D23.767.193.184'], ['D01.268.552.100', 'D01.552.539.288', 'D23.119.100'], ['C06.130.409'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['D08.811.277.450.426'], ['A03.620'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.968.700']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Paraventricular nucleus mediates pressor response to noradrenaline injection into the dorsal periaqueductal gray area.
|
The dorsal periaqueductal gray area (dPAG) is involved in cardiovascular modulation. In a previous study, we reported that noradrenaline (NA) microinjection into the dPAG of rats caused pressor response that was mediated by vasopressin release. Vasopressin is synthesized by magnocellular neurons in the hypothalamic paraventricular (PVN) and supraoptic (SON) nuclei. In the present study, we verified which nuclei mediated the cardiovascular response to NA as well as the existence of direct neural projection from the dPAG to hypothalamic nuclei. Then, we studied the effect of treating either PVN or SON with the nonselective synaptic blocker cobalt chloride (1mM) on the cardiovascular response to NA (15 nmol) microinjection into dPAG. Attempting to identify neural projections from dPAG to hypothalamic nuclei, we microinjected the neuronal tracer biotinylated-dextran-amine (BDA) into the dPAG and searched varicosity-containing nerve terminals in the PVN and SON. Unilateral cobalt-induced inhibition of synapses in the SON did not affect the cardiovascular response to NA. However, unilateral inhibition of PVN significantly reduced the pressor response to NA. Moreover, cobalt-induced inhibition of synapses in both PVN blocked the pressor response caused by NA microinjected into the dPAG. Microinjection of BDA into the dPAG evidenced presence of varicosity-containing neuronal fibers in PVN but not in SON. The results from cobalt treatment indicated that synapses in PVN mediate the vasopressin-induced pressor response caused by NA microinjection into the dPAG. In addition, the neuroanatomical results from BDA microinjection into the dPAG pointed out the existence of direct neural projections from the dPAG site to the PVN.
|
['Animals', 'Antimutagenic Agents', 'Autonomic Pathways', 'Biotin', 'Blood Pressure', 'Cobalt', 'Dextrans', 'Male', 'Microinjections', 'Neural Pathways', 'Neuronal Tract-Tracers', 'Norepinephrine', 'Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus', 'Periaqueductal Gray', 'Presynaptic Terminals', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Reflex', 'Supraoptic Nucleus', 'Sympathetic Nervous System', 'Vasoconstriction']
| 19,564,136
|
[['B01.050'], ['D27.505.696.706.080', 'D27.720.799.042'], ['A08.800.050.050', 'A08.800.800.060'], ['D03.383.129.308.080', 'D08.211.096'], ['E01.370.600.875.249', 'G09.330.380.076'], ['D01.268.556.185', 'D01.268.956.155', 'D01.552.544.185'], ['D05.750.078.562.272', 'D09.698.365.272'], ['E02.319.267.530.690', 'E05.591.570'], ['A08.612'], ['D27.505.259.812', 'D27.720.470.410.577'], ['D02.033.100.291.502', 'D02.092.063.480', 'D02.092.211.215.746', 'D02.092.311.830', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.175.830'], ['A08.186.211.180.497.342.400', 'A08.186.211.200.317.357.342.400'], ['A08.186.211.132.659.413.875.595'], ['A08.675.542.145.750', 'A08.850.700', 'A11.284.149.165.420.780.700', 'A11.671.137.750', 'A11.671.501.145.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900'], ['E01.370.376.550.650', 'E01.370.600.550.650', 'F02.830.702', 'G11.561.731'], ['A08.186.211.180.497.342.650', 'A08.186.211.200.317.357.342.650'], ['A08.800.050.800'], ['G09.330.380.925']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Thalidomide inhibits epidermal growth factor-induced cell growth in mouse and human monocytic leukemia cells via Ras inactivation.
|
The effect of thalidomide on epidermal growth factor (EGF)-induced cell growth was examined. Thalidomide inhibited EGF-induced cell growth in mouse and human monocytic leukemia cells, RAW 264.7, U937 and THP-1. Thalidomide inhibited EGF-induced phosphorylation of extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2, but not p38 and stress-activated protein kinase (SAPK)/JNK. The phosphorylation of MEK1/2 and Raf at Ser 338 as the upstream molecules of ERK 1/2 was also prevented by thalidomide. Further, it inhibited EGF-induced Ras activation through preventing the transition to GTP-bound active Ras. Thalidomide inhibited the Ras activation induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) as well as EGF. There was no significant difference in the expression and function of EGF receptor between thalidomide-treated and non-treated cells. Therefore, thalidomide was suggested to inhibit EGF-induced cell growth via inactivation of Ras.
|
['Angiogenesis Inhibitors', 'Animals', 'Antineoplastic Agents', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Enzyme Activation', 'Epidermal Growth Factor', 'ErbB Receptors', 'Humans', 'Leukemia', 'Mice', 'Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1', 'Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3', 'Monocytes', 'Phosphorylation', 'Thalidomide', 'Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A', 'p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases', 'ras Proteins']
| 18,662,673
|
[['D27.505.696.377.077.099', 'D27.505.696.377.450.100', 'D27.505.954.248.025'], ['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.248'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['G02.111.263', 'G03.328'], ['D06.472.317.350', 'D12.644.276.382.500', 'D12.776.467.382.500', 'D23.529.382.500'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.400.009', 'D12.776.543.750.630.009', 'D12.776.543.750.750.400.074'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.557.337'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.567.249.500', 'D12.644.360.450.169.500', 'D12.776.476.450.169.500'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.567.249.750', 'D12.644.360.450.169.750', 'D12.776.476.450.169.750'], ['A11.118.637.555.652', 'A11.148.580', 'A11.627.624', 'A11.733.547', 'A15.145.229.637.555.652', 'A15.378.316.580', 'A15.382.490.555.652', 'A15.382.670.547', 'A15.382.680.547'], ['G02.111.665', 'G02.607.780', 'G03.796'], ['D02.241.223.805.810.800', 'D03.383.621.808.800', 'D03.633.100.513.750.750'], ['D12.644.276.100.800.200', 'D12.776.467.100.800.200', 'D23.529.100.800.200'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.567.843', 'D12.644.360.450.835', 'D12.776.476.450.835'], ['D08.811.277.040.330.300.400.500', 'D12.644.360.525.500', 'D12.776.157.325.515.500', 'D12.776.476.525.500']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Correlation between biological state markers of alcohol abuse and severity of alcohol dependence syndrome.
|
Data on the correlation between the degree of severity of the alcohol dependence syndrome, as evaluated through the Short Alcohol Dependence Data (SADD) questionnaire, and alterations of four biological state markers of alcohol abuse, namely gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), glutamate oxalacetate transaminase (SGOT) and mean corpuscular volume (MCV), in a sample of 137 alcoholics, are presented. A significant increase in the proportion of altered GGT and SGOT results was found in those patients with higher scores in the SADD. The analysis of the correlation (Spearman coefficient) between the values of each biological test and the SADD scores showed only a significant, though low, positive correlation for SGOT (r = 0.29).
|
['Adult', 'Alanine Transaminase', 'Alcoholism', 'Aspartate Aminotransferases', 'Erythrocyte Volume', 'Ethanol', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Substance-Related Disorders', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'gamma-Glutamyltransferase']
| 2,883,983
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D08.811.913.477.700.100'], ['C25.775.100.250', 'F03.900.100.350'], ['D08.811.913.477.700.225'], ['G09.188.130.370', 'G09.330.380.092.370'], ['D02.033.375'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C25.775', 'F03.900'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['D08.811.913.050.200.500']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Formation of Nanocomplexes between Carboxymethyl Inulin and Bovine Serum Albumin via pH-Induced Electrostatic Interaction.
|
As a functional polysaccharide, inulin was carboxymethylated and it formed nanocomplexes with bovine serum albumin (BSA). The success of obtaining carboxymethyl inulin (CMI) was confirmed by a combination of Fourier transform Infrared (FT-IR), Raman spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography (GPC), and titration. The effects of pH and ionic strength on the formation of CMI/BSA nanocomplexes were investigated. Our results showed that the formation of complex coacervate (pHö1) and dissolution of CMI/BSA insoluble complexes (pHö2) appeared in pH near 4.85 and 2.00 respectively. FT-IR and Raman data confirmed the existence of electrostatic interaction and hydrogen bonding between CMI and BSA. The isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) results suggested that the process of complex formation was spontaneous and exothermic. The complexation was dominated by enthalpy changes (?Ç < 0, ?S < 0) at pH 4.00, while it was contributed by enthalpic and entropic changes (?Ç < 0, ?S > 0) at pH 2.60. Irregularly shaped insoluble complexes and globular soluble nanocomplexes (about 150 nm) were observed in CMI/BSA complexes at pH 4.00 and 2.60 while using optical microscopy and atomic force microscopy, respectively. The sodium chloride suppression effect on CMI/BSA complexes was confirmed by the decrease of incipient pH for soluble complex formation (or pHc) and pHö1 under different sodium chloride concentrations. This research presents a new functional system with the potential for delivering bioactive food ingredients.
|
['Animals', 'Calorimetry', 'Cattle', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Inulin', 'Molecular Structure', 'Multiprotein Complexes', 'Nanocomposites', 'Serum Albumin, Bovine', 'Spectrum Analysis', 'Static Electricity', 'Thermodynamics']
| 31,443,488
|
[['B01.050'], ['E05.196.131'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['G02.300'], ['D05.750.078.562.855.750', 'D09.301.915.750', 'D09.698.350.500', 'D09.698.365.855.750'], ['G02.111.570', 'G02.466'], ['D05.500'], ['J01.637.512.150'], ['D12.776.034.841.540', 'D12.776.124.727.875'], ['E05.196.867'], ['G01.358.500.249.820'], ['G01.906']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
A taxonomy for homework used by mental health case managers when working with individuals diagnosed with severe mental illness.
|
A survey was completed by 122 case managers describing the types of homework assignments commonly used with individuals diagnosed with severe mental illness (SMI). Homework types were categorized using a 12-item homework description taxonomy and in relation to the 22 domains of the Camberwell Assessment of Need (CAN). Case managers predominately reported using behaviourally based homework tasks such as scheduling activities and the development of personal hygiene skills. Homework focused on CAN areas of need in relation to Company, Psychological Distress, Psychotic Symptoms and Daytime Activities. The applications of the taxonomy for both researchers and case managers are discussed.
|
['Activities of Daily Living', 'Australia', 'Behavior Therapy', 'Case Management', 'Community Mental Health Services', 'Data Collection', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hygiene', 'Male', 'Mental Disorders', 'Needs Assessment', 'Psychotic Disorders', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Schizophrenia', 'Severity of Illness Index', 'Stress, Psychological', 'Surveys and Questionnaires']
| 17,619,146
|
[['E02.760.169.063.500.067', 'E02.831.067', 'I03.050', 'N02.421.784.110'], ['Z01.639.100', 'Z01.678.100.373'], ['F04.754.137'], ['N04.590.233.624.250'], ['F04.408.307', 'N02.421.143.183', 'N02.421.461.232'], ['E05.318.308', 'L01.399.250', 'N05.715.360.300', 'N06.850.520.308'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.547', 'N06.850.670'], ['F03'], ['I02.594', 'N03.349.380.565', 'N05.300.537'], ['F03.700.675'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['F03.700.750'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475.456.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.364.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.364.500'], ['F01.145.126.990', 'F02.830.900'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Dermoscopic features of idiopathic facial aseptic granuloma.
|
Idiopathic facial aseptic granuloma is a recently described condition with defined clinical features, natural history, and underlying histopathologic findings. Several reports have recently described the potential diagnostic usefulness of ultrasound findings in idiopathic facial aseptic granuloma. We describe herein the dermoscopic features of idiopathic facial aseptic granuloma.
|
['Child', 'Dermoscopy', 'Diagnosis, Differential', 'Facial Dermatoses', 'Female', 'Granuloma', 'Humans', 'Skin', 'Ultrasonography']
| 29,962,067
|
[['M01.060.406'], ['E01.370.350.515.277.250', 'E05.595.185.250'], ['E01.171'], ['C17.800.271'], ['C15.604.515.292', 'C23.550.382'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A17.815'], ['E01.370.350.850']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Tear exchangeable limbal rigid contact lens for ocular sequelae resulting from Stevens-Johnson syndrome or toxic epidermal necrolysis.
|
PURPOSE: To evaluate the therapeutic benefits of tear-exchangeable, limbal, rigid contact lenses (limbal CLs) in patients with Stevens-Johnson syndrome- or toxic epidermal necrolysis-associated ocular sequelae.DESIGN: Noncomparative, retrospective, interventional case series.METHODS: We enrolled 53 eyes of 42 patients (mean age, 51.8 ± 13.9 years; mean follow-up, 25.7 ± 15.7 months) with Stevens-Johnson syndrome- or toxic epidermal necrolysis-associated ocular sequelae and divided them into 3 groups according to the best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) before limbal CL fitting: (1) BCVA worse than 20/2000 (11 eyes), (2) BCVA ranging from 20/200 to 20/2000 (31 eyes), and (3) BCVA of 20/200 or better (11 eyes). The BCVA and the 25-item National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire (NEI VFQ-25) composite score before fitting and after 3 months of limbal CL use were evaluated. The change in BCVA (in logarithm of the minimal angle of resolution [logMAR] units) and 25-item National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire composite score change were compared among the 3 groups.RESULTS: Best-corrected visual acuity improved from 1.61 to 0.86 logMAR at 3 months after fitting CL use. Improvement in BCVA in groups 1, 2, and 3 was 0.95 logMAR, 0.82 logMAR, and 0.37 logMAR, respectively. The mean 25-item National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire composite score for the 11 subscales improved from 37.6 ± 16.0 to 58.4 ± 17.4 (P = .000001). All 11 subscores, except that for driving ability, improved significantly. The general vision subscore improved most in group 3, yet the general health subscore improved most in group 1. No serious adverse events attributable to limbal CL use occurred.CONCLUSIONS: The tear-exchangeable limbal CL is safe and effective for the improvement of vision and quality of life in Stevens-Johnson syndrome or toxic epidermal necrolysis patients with severe ocular sequelae.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Contact Lenses', 'Corneal Diseases', 'Equipment Design', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Limbus Corneae', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Quality of Life', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Stevens-Johnson Syndrome', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Tears', 'Time Factors', 'Visual Acuity']
| 25,036,881
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E07.632.500.276'], ['C11.204'], ['E05.320'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A09.371.060.217.659'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['I01.800', 'K01.752.400.750', 'N06.850.505.400.425.837'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['C07.465.864.500', 'C17.800.174.600.900', 'C17.800.229.400.683', 'C17.800.865.475.683', 'C20.543.206.380.900', 'C25.100.468.380.900'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['A12.200.882'], ['G01.910.857'], ['E01.370.380.850.950', 'F02.463.593.932.901', 'G14.940']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Ground substrate affects activity budgets and hair loss in outdoor captive groups of rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta).
|
How the captive environment influences the behavior of animals is relevant to the well-being of captive animals. Captivity diverges from the natural environment in many ways, and one goal of enrichment practices is to encourage species-typical behavior in these unnatural environments. This study investigated the influence of grass vs. gravel substrate on activity budgets and degree of hair loss in seven groups of captive rhesus macaques housed in outdoor enclosures at the California National Primate Research Center. Groups having grass substrate spent a greater proportion of their time foraging and a smaller proportion of time grooming compared with groups having gravel substrate. Increased time spent grooming in gravel enclosures may have contributed to significantly greater hair loss in those enclosures. A causal relationship between ground substrate on foraging and grooming, and therefore hair loss, is strengthened by similar changes in activity budgets and hair loss in a single group that was moved from gravel to grass substrate halfway through the study. These results add to growing evidence that substrate type in captivity is important to consider because it affects animal well-being. In particular, these results reveal that grass substrate is more effective than gravel in stimulating foraging and reducing allo-grooming to levels that are comparable to wild populations, and enable animals to maintain healthier coats.
|
['Animals', 'Animals, Laboratory', 'Appetitive Behavior', 'Environment, Controlled', 'Grooming', 'Hair', 'Macaca mulatta', 'Motor Activity', 'Observation', 'Self-Injurious Behavior', 'Stereotyped Behavior']
| 18,828,148
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.050.199'], ['F01.145.113.111'], ['N06.230.150'], ['F01.145.113.111.453'], ['A17.360'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.199.120.510.550'], ['F01.145.632', 'G11.427.410.698'], ['E05.581.249'], ['F01.145.126.980'], ['F01.145.896']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Demonstration of starter unit interprotein transfer from a fatty acid synthase to a multidomain, nonreducing polyketide synthase.
|
The pathway for substrate transacylation between a fungal type I fatty acid synthase (FAS) and a nonreducing polyketide synthase (NR-PKS) was determined by in vitro reconstitution of dissected domains. System kinetics were influenced by domain dissections, and the FAS phosphopantetheinyl transferase (PPT) monodomain exhibited coenzyme A selectivity for the post-translational activation of the FAS acyl carrier protein (ACP).
|
['Acyl Carrier Protein', 'Acylation', 'Bacterial Proteins', 'Coenzyme A', 'Fatty Acid Synthases', 'Fatty Acids', 'Polyketide Synthases', 'Protein Interaction Maps', 'Protein Structure, Tertiary', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae', 'Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization', 'Transferases (Other Substituted Phosphate Groups)']
| 22,807,303
|
[['D12.776.157.050'], ['G02.111.012', 'G02.607.063', 'G03.040'], ['D12.776.097'], ['D03.633.100.759.646.138.382', 'D08.211.211', 'D13.695.667.138.382', 'D13.695.827.068.382'], ['D08.811.277.352.897.387', 'D08.811.520.241.300.287', 'D08.811.682.047.820.196.500', 'D08.811.913.050.134.029.500', 'D08.811.913.050.170.500'], ['D10.251'], ['D08.811.464.257.275', 'D08.811.600.715'], ['G03.493.750'], ['G02.111.570.820.709.610'], ['B01.300.107.795.785.800', 'B01.300.930.705.655'], ['E05.196.566.755'], ['D08.811.913.696.900']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Utilizing multiple scale models to improve predictions of extra-axial hemorrhage in the immature piglet.
|
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and disability in the USA. To help understand and better predict TBI, researchers have developed complex finite element (FE) models of the head which incorporate many biological structures such as scalp, skull, meninges, brain (with gray/white matter differentiation), and vasculature. However, most models drastically simplify the membranes and substructures between the pia and arachnoid membranes. We hypothesize that substructures in the pia-arachnoid complex (PAC) contribute substantially to brain deformation following head rotation, and that when included in FE models accuracy of extra-axial hemorrhage prediction improves. To test these hypotheses, microscale FE models of the PAC were developed to span the variability of PAC substructure anatomy and regional density. The constitutive response of these models were then integrated into an existing macroscale FE model of the immature piglet brain to identify changes in cortical stress distribution and predictions of extra-axial hemorrhage (EAH). Incorporating regional variability of PAC substructures substantially altered the distribution of principal stress on the cortical surface of the brain compared to a uniform representation of the PAC. Simulations of 24 non-impact rapid head rotations in an immature piglet animal model resulted in improved accuracy of EAH prediction (to 94 % sensitivity, 100 % specificity), as well as a high accuracy in regional hemorrhage prediction (to 82-100 % sensitivity, 100 % specificity). We conclude that including a biofidelic PAC substructure variability in FE models of the head is essential for improved predictions of hemorrhage at the brain/skull interface.
|
['Animals', 'Arachnoid', 'Cerebral Hemorrhage', 'Elastic Modulus', 'Finite Element Analysis', 'Models, Biological', 'Pia Mater', 'ROC Curve', 'Stress, Mechanical', 'Sus scrofa', 'Tensile Strength', 'Tomography, Optical Coherence']
| 26,586,144
|
[['B01.050'], ['A08.186.566.166'], ['C10.228.140.300.535.200', 'C14.907.253.573.200', 'C23.550.414.913.100'], ['G01.374.590.605'], ['E05.355'], ['E05.599.395'], ['A08.186.566.731'], ['E05.318.370.800.750', 'E05.318.740.872.750', 'N05.715.360.325.700.680', 'N06.850.520.445.800.750'], ['G01.374.835'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.880.399'], ['G01.374.850'], ['E01.370.350.589.249.500', 'E01.370.350.825.805.500', 'E05.642.249.500']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Beyond gender: the basis of sexual attraction in bisexual men and women.
|
The construct of sexual orientation has typically considered the gender of the sexual partner as defining whether the individual is homosexual, bisexual, or heterosexual, and the Kinsey scale conceptualises bisexuality as a point midway between homosexuality and heterosexuality. We propose an alternative model which places homosexuality and heterosexuality at one end of a continuum as gender-linked choices of sexual partner, and bisexuality at the other as nongender-specific. As a test of this model, we administered repertory grids to nine bisexual men and women to investigate the characteristics of sexual attraction in individuals for whom gender of partner was not a critical variable. Results supported the hypothesis that gender is not a critical variable in sexual attraction in bisexual individuals. Personality or physical dimensions not related to gender and interaction style were the salient characteristics on which preferred sexual partners were chosen, and there was minimal grid distance between preferred male and preferred female partners. These data support the argument that, for some bisexual individuals, sexual attraction is not gender-linked.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Bisexuality', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Perception', 'Sex Factors', 'Sexual Partners']
| 1,480,717
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['F01.145.802.975.200', 'G08.686.867.200'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['F02.463.593'], ['N05.715.350.675', 'N06.850.490.875'], ['M01.778']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Suicide risk and absconding in psychiatric hospitals with and without open door policies: a 15 year, observational study.
|
BACKGROUND: Inpatient suicide and absconding of inpatients at risk of self-endangering behaviour are important challenges for all medical disciplines, particularly psychiatry. Patients at risk are often admitted to locked wards in psychiatric hospitals to prevent absconding, suicide attempts, and death by suicide. However, there is insufficient evidence that treatment on locked wards can effectively prevent these outcomes. We did this study to compare hospitals without locked wards and hospitals with locked wards and to establish whether hospital type has an effect on these outcomes.METHODS: In this 15 year, naturalistic observational study, we examined 349 574 admissions to 21 German psychiatric inpatient hospitals from Jan 1, 1998, to Dec 31, 2012. We used propensity score matching to select 145 738 cases for an analysis, which allowed for causal inference on the effect of ward type (ie, locked, partly locked, open, and day clinic wards) and hospital type (ie, hospitals with and without locked wards) on suicide, suicide attempts, and absconding (with and without return), despite the absence of an experimental design. We used generalised linear mixed-effects models to analyse the data.FINDINGS: In the 145 738 propensity score-matched cases, suicide (OR 1·326, 95% CI 0·803-2·113; p=0·24), suicide attempts (1·057, 0·787-1·412; p=0·71), and absconding with return (1·288, 0·874-1·929; p=0·21) and without return (1·090, 0·722-1·659; p=0·69) were not increased in hospitals with an open door policy. Compared with treatment on locked wards, treatment on open wards was associated with a decreased probability of suicide attempts (OR 0·658, 95% CI 0·504-0·864; p=0·003), absconding with return (0·629, 0·524-0·764; p<0·0001), and absconding without return (0·707, 0·546-0·925; p=0·01), but not completed suicide (0·823, 0·376-1·766; p=0·63).INTERPRETATION: Locked doors might not be able to prevent suicide and absconding.FUNDING: None.
|
['Adult', 'Female', 'Germany', 'Hospitals, Psychiatric', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Mental Disorders', 'Middle Aged', 'Organizational Policy', 'Risk', 'Security Measures', 'Suicide', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 27,477,886
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['Z01.542.315'], ['N02.278.421.556.508'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F03'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['I01.655.500.550', 'I01.880.604.825.550', 'N03.623.500.550'], ['E05.318.740.600.800', 'G17.680.750', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800'], ['N04.452.910'], ['F01.145.126.980.875', 'I01.880.735.856'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Marfan syndrome with myocarditis demonstrated by 99Tcm-HMPAO-labelled WBC and 201Tl scintigraphy: report of three cases in a Chinese family.
|
Marfan syndrome is a heritable disorder of connective tissue in which the most prominent abnormalities occur in the ocular, cardiovascular and skeletal systems. Although cardiovascular complications are infrequent in patients under 20 years of age, whenever they do occur, they are the major cause of death. Here we report three cases in a Chinese family with clinical evidence of myocarditis associated with Marfan syndrome. The 99Tcm-hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime (HMPAO)-labelled white blood cell and 201Tl single photon emission computed tomographic heart scans show indications of an inflammatory process involving the myocardium. After comparison with the pathology results, the accuracy of these studies is seen to be 100%. We thus introduce these simple methods to evaluate myocardial viability in patients with Marfan syndrome.
|
['Female', 'Humans', 'Leukocytes', 'Male', 'Marfan Syndrome', 'Myocarditis', 'Organotechnetium Compounds', 'Oximes', 'Pedigree', 'Taiwan', 'Technetium Tc 99m Exametazime', 'Thallium Radioisotopes', 'Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon']
| 8,371,898
|
[['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A11.118.637', 'A15.145.229.637', 'A15.382.490'], ['C05.116.099.674', 'C14.240.400.725', 'C14.280.400.725', 'C16.131.077.550', 'C16.131.240.400.720', 'C16.320.540', 'C17.300.500'], ['C14.280.238.625'], ['D02.691.825'], ['D02.092.570.665'], ['E05.393.673'], ['Z01.252.474.872', 'Z01.639.850'], ['D02.092.570.665.810', 'D02.691.825.562'], ['D01.496.749.900'], ['E01.370.350.350.800.800', 'E01.370.350.600.350.800.800', 'E01.370.350.710.800.800', 'E01.370.350.825.800.800', 'E01.370.384.730.800.800']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
|
Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide type 1 (PAC1) receptor is expressed during embryonic development of the earthworm.
|
Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP)-like molecules have been shown to be present in cocoon albumin and in Eisenia fetida embryos at an early developmental stage (E1) by immunocytochemistry and radioimmunoassay. Here, we focus on detecting the stage at which PAC1 receptor (PAC1R)-like immunoreactivity first appears in germinal layers and structures, e.g., various parts of the central nervous system (CNS), in developing earthworm embryos. PAC1R-like immunoreactivity was revealed by Western blot and Far Western blot as early as the E2 developmental stage, occurring in the ectoderm and later in specific neurons of the developing CNS. Labeled CNS neurons were first seen in the supraesophageal ganglion (brain) and subsequently in the subesophageal and ventral nerve cord ganglia. Ultrastructurally, PAC1Rs were located mainly on plasma membranes and intracellular membranes, especially on cisternae of the endoplasmic reticulum. Therefore, PACAP-like compounds probably influence the differentiation of germinal layers (at least the ectoderm) and of some neurons and might act as signaling molecules during earthworm embryonic development.
|
['Animals', 'Blotting, Western', 'Brain', 'Embryonic Development', 'Ganglia', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred BALB C', 'Oligochaeta', 'Organ Specificity', 'Pituitary Gland', 'Receptors, Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide, Type I', 'Tissue Extracts']
| 20,066,549
|
[['B01.050'], ['E05.196.401.143', 'E05.301.300.096', 'E05.478.566.320.200', 'E05.601.262', 'E05.601.470.320.200'], ['A08.186.211'], ['G07.345.500.325.180', 'G08.686.784.170.104'], ['A08.340'], ['G05.308.310'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.338', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.338'], ['B01.050.500.091.657'], ['G07.650'], ['A06.300.747', 'A06.688.357.750', 'A08.186.211.180.497.352.435.500', 'A08.186.211.200.317.357.352.435.500', 'A08.713.357.750'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.665.500'], ['D20.777']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Comparative evaluation of treated bovine pericardium as a xenograft for hernia repair.
|
Two forms of bovine pericardium (BPC) were assessed as hernia repair materials: non-cross-linked (lyophilized) and cross-linked through treatment with glutaraldehyde (GA). These were compared with polypropylene mesh (Marlex) in a rabbit model. Over 52 wk implantation, the GA BPC grafts developed a strong, stable, fibrous tissue replacement with good incorporation into the abdominal muscle wall. The lyophilized BPC grafts were substantially resorbed within 12 wk of implantation, however the thin, fibrous replacement tissue was inadequate for abdominal wall support. Marlex grafts provided sufficient abdominal support, however these grafts were associated with extensive adhesion formation and, in this model, fat deposition around the perimeter of the graft. Control (ungrafted) rabbit abdominal muscle in the transverse orientation had an ultimate tensile load (UTL) of 11.4 +/- 5.1 N (x +/- s.d.) and a strain at UTL of 35 +/- 12% (n = 169). At 52 weeks the UTL of the repair sites was 7.3 +/- 4.5 N (n = 6), 5.1 +/- 3.5 N (n = 6) and 5.6 +/- 2.7 N (n = 6) for GA BPC, lypophilized BPC and Marlex grafts, respectively.
|
['Animals', 'Biocompatible Materials', 'Cattle', 'Graft Survival', 'Hernia, Ventral', 'Pericardium', 'Polyethylenes', 'Polypropylenes', 'Rabbits', 'Stress, Mechanical', 'Surgical Mesh', 'Transplantation, Heterologous']
| 1,764,549
|
[['B01.050'], ['D25.130', 'D27.720.102.130', 'J01.637.051.130'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['G12.875.545.340'], ['C23.300.707.374.937'], ['A07.541.795', 'A10.615.789.470'], ['D02.455.326.271.665.550', 'D05.750.716.507', 'D25.720.716.507', 'J01.637.051.720.716.507'], ['D02.455.326.271.665.590', 'D05.750.716.550', 'D25.720.716.550', 'J01.637.051.720.716.550'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.968.700'], ['G01.374.835'], ['E07.858.708'], ['E04.936.764']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Prognostic significance of the activity of nucleolar organizer regions in megakaryocytes from patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia].
|
Bone marrow films from 20 patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and 40 patients with acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia (ANLL) were investigated using Ag-NOR staining. The control group comprised 12 donors. The activity of nucleolar organizer regions (NOR) in the whole population of megakaryocytes (MK) and in groups of MK with 1-3, 4-6, 7 and more lobules per nucleus was assessed. The division into groups made it possible to judge about NOR activity in MK with different ploidy. The MK with both high ploidy and high NOR activity in residual megakaryocytopoiesis in patients with ALL are associated with good response to chemotherapy and complete remission, whereas these with low ploidy and low NOR activity suggest poor prognosis. In patients with ANLL no stable correlation between NOR activity and prognosis was found.
|
['Case-Control Studies', 'Humans', 'Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute', 'Megakaryocytes', 'Nucleolus Organizer Region', 'Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma', 'Prognosis']
| 8,641,574
|
[['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.557.337.539.275'], ['A11.148.479', 'A15.378.316.479'], ['A11.284.430.106.279.345.190.160.650', 'G05.360.160.650', 'G05.360.340.024.380.875'], ['C04.557.337.428.600', 'C15.604.515.560.600', 'C20.683.515.528.600'], ['E01.789']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
An enzymatic method for preparation of homopolymannuronate blocks and strictly alternating sequences of mannuronic and guluronic units.
|
Two Pseudomonas aeruginosa alginates were lysed by an overexpressed polymannuronate lyase AlxMB (only acting on two or more consecutive, nonacetylated mannuronate units) to prepare either mannuronate blocks (poly-M blocks) with dp approximately 30, or strictly alternating sequences of mannuronic and guluronic acid (poly-MG blocks) with dp > 20. The poly-M blocks were obtained by lysis of a P. aeruginosa polymannuronate that has 50% O-acetylation at C-2 and C-3. The poly-MG blocks were obtained from a P. aeruginosa alginate that contained both mannuronate and guluronate residues. The polysaccharide was first deacetylated and then treated with the lyase to excise the mannuronate units from the alternating-MG blocks. Both types of blocks should have potent biological effects and should provide useful specific substrates for characterisation of other alginate lyases.
|
['Alginates', 'Glucuronic Acid', 'Hexuronic Acids', 'Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular', 'Polysaccharide-Lyases', 'Pseudomonas aeruginosa']
| 9,711,832
|
[['D09.698.068'], ['D02.241.081.844.915.162.249', 'D02.241.152.811.162.500', 'D02.241.511.902.915.162.500', 'D09.811.922.162.500'], ['D02.241.081.844.915.400', 'D02.241.152.811.400', 'D02.241.511.902.915.400', 'D09.811.922.400'], ['E05.196.867.519.550'], ['D08.811.520.241.700'], ['B03.440.400.425.625.625.100', 'B03.660.250.580.590.050']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Network physiology in insomnia patients: Assessment of relevant changes in network topology with interpretable machine learning models.
|
Network physiology describes the human body as a complex network of interacting organ systems. It has been applied successfully to determine topological changes in different sleep stages. However, the number of network links can quickly grow above the number of parameters that are typically analyzed with standard statistical methods. Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) are a promising approach as they are successful in large parameter spaces, such as in digital imaging. On the other hand, ANN models do not provide an intrinsic approach to interpret their predictions, and they typically require large training data sets. Both aspects are critical in biomedical research. Medical decisions need to be explainable, and large data sets of quality assured patient and control data are rare. In this paper, different models for the classification of insomnia-a common sleep disorder-have been trained with 59 patients and age and gender matched controls, based on their physiological networks. Feature relevance evaluation is employed for all methods. For ANNs, the extrinsic interpretation method DeepLift is applied. The results are not identical across methods, but certain network links have been rated as relevant by all or most of the models. While ANNs show less classification accuracy (0.89) than advanced tree-based models (0.92 and 0.93), DeepLift provides an in-depth ANN interpretation with feature relevance scores for individual data samples. The analysis revealed modifications in the pulmonar, ocular, and cerebral subnetworks that have not been described before but are consistent with known findings on the physiological impact of insomnia.
|
['Adult', 'Age Distribution', 'Decision Trees', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Machine Learning', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Models, Theoretical', 'Neural Networks, Computer', 'Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders', 'Time Factors', 'Young Adult']
| 31,893,662
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['I01.240.050', 'N01.224.033', 'N06.850.505.400.050'], ['G17.162.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G17.035.250.500', 'L01.224.050.375.530'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.599'], ['G17.485', 'L01.224.050.375.605'], ['C10.886.425.800.800', 'F03.870.400.800.800'], ['G01.910.857'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Pulsatile administration of gonadotropin-releasing hormone does not alter the follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) isoform distribution pattern of pituitary or circulating FSH in nutritionally growth-restricted ovariectomized lambs.
|
The experimental induction of puberty by GnRH administration to prepubertal lambs increases serum bioactive FSH (B-FSH) as measured in the rat Sertoli cell aromatase induction bioassay. Serum immunoreactive FSH (I-FSH) levels are unchanged. The increase in serum B-FSH is associated with an increase in the proportion of less acidic and more biopotent FSH serum isoforms. However, it is unknown if this effect of GnRH on serum FSH microheterogeneity is direct or mediated by gonadal factors. We have used the nutritionally growth-restricted ovariectomized lamb as a model of the neuroendocrine regulation of FSH isoform microheterogeneity. With this model, the hypothalamic-pituitary component of the neuroendocrine axis may be isolated from gonadal factors. In the present study, using the nutritionally growth-restricted ovariectomized lamb as a model, we investigated the role of GnRH on the regulation of FSH microheterogeneity. Specifically, we tested the hypothesis that GnRH increases the proportion of the less acidic (more biopotent) serum FSH isoforms. As an in vitro correlate, we investigated the effect of GnRH on gonadotropin secretion and FSH isoform distribution in ovine pituitary explant cultures. Seven ovariectomized nutritionally restricted lambs were administered GnRH (i.v., 2 ng/kg) for 36 h (at 2-h intervals for 24 h, then hourly for the final 12 h). Six others served as controls. Blood samples were withdrawn at 12-min intervals during the last 4 h for the measurement of serum immunoactive LH (I-LH) and I-FSH. Pituitary homogenates and serum from four animals from each group were individually chromatofocused, and the FSH isoform distribution patterns were determined. Pulsatile administration of GnRH to nutritionally growth-restricted lambs increased circulating I-LH concentrations from 0.6 +/- 1.0 to 5.9 +/- 3.1 ng/ml (P < 0.01), but did not significantly change circulating I-FSH (4.9 +/- 1.8 vs. 11.5 +/- 4.2 ng/ml) nor B-FSH concentrations (3.9 +/- 1.2 vs. 5.7 +/- 1.5 ng/ml). The pituitary content of I-FSH, B-FSH, and I-LH were unchanged. Neither serum nor pituitary FSH isoform distribution patterns were altered by pulsatile GnRH administration. However, compared to the pituitary FSH isoforms, a higher percentage of circulating FSH isoforms eluted in the salt peak of both groups of lambs. Similar to the in vivo studies, in vitro, GnRH increased the release of I-LH, as well as I-FSH, from pituitary explants, but did not significantly change the FSH isoform distribution in either the pituitary explant or media.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
|
['Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena', 'Animals', 'Female', 'Follicle Stimulating Hormone', 'Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone', 'Growth Disorders', 'Isoenzymes', 'Luteinizing Hormone', 'Ovariectomy', 'Pituitary Gland', 'Pulsatile Flow', 'Sheep', 'Tissue Distribution']
| 8,462,450
|
[['G07.203.650.161'], ['B01.050'], ['D06.472.699.322.576.288', 'D06.472.699.631.525.343.288', 'D12.644.548.691.525.343.288'], ['D06.472.699.327.740.320', 'D12.644.400.400.740.320', 'D12.644.456.460', 'D12.644.548.365.740.320', 'D12.776.631.650.405.740.320'], ['C23.550.393'], ['D08.811.348', 'D12.776.800.300'], ['D06.472.699.322.576.463', 'D06.472.699.631.525.343.463', 'D12.644.548.691.525.343.463'], ['E04.270.282.685', 'E04.950.165.685', 'E04.950.300.680'], ['A06.300.747', 'A06.688.357.750', 'A08.186.211.180.497.352.435.500', 'A08.186.211.200.317.357.352.435.500', 'A08.713.357.750'], ['G01.482.620', 'G09.330.380.630.555'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.791'], ['G03.787.917', 'G07.690.725.949']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Effect of Ca2+ on the promiscuous target-protein binding of calmodulin.
|
Calmodulin (CaM) is a calcium sensing protein that regulates the function of a large number of proteins, thus playing a crucial part in many cell signaling pathways. CaM has the ability to bind more than 300 different target peptides in a Ca2+-dependent manner, mainly through the exposure of hydrophobic residues. How CaM can bind a large number of targets while retaining some selectivity is a fascinating open question. Here, we explore the mechanism of CaM selective promiscuity for selected target proteins. Analyzing enhanced sampling molecular dynamics simulations of Ca2+-bound and Ca2+-free CaM via spectral clustering has allowed us to identify distinct conformational states, characterized by interhelical angles, secondary structure determinants and the solvent exposure of specific residues. We searched for indicators of conformational selection by mapping solvent exposure of residues in these conformational states to contacts in structures of CaM/target peptide complexes. We thereby identified CaM states involved in various binding classes arranged along a depth binding gradient. Binding Ca2+ modifies the accessible hydrophobic surface of the two lobes and allows for deeper binding. Apo CaM indeed shows shallow binding involving predominantly polar and charged residues. Furthermore, binding to the C-terminal lobe of CaM appears selective and involves specific conformational states that can facilitate deep binding to target proteins, while binding to the N-terminal lobe appears to happen through a more flexible mechanism. Thus the long-ranged electrostatic interactions of the charged residues of the N-terminal lobe of CaM may initiate binding, while the short-ranged interactions of hydrophobic residues in the C-terminal lobe of CaM may account for selectivity. This work furthers our understanding of the mechanism of CaM binding and selectivity to different target proteins and paves the way towards a comprehensive model of CaM selectivity.
|
['Animals', 'Apoproteins', 'Binding Sites', 'Calcium', 'Calcium Signaling', 'Calmodulin', 'Computational Biology', 'Humans', 'Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions', 'Molecular Dynamics Simulation', 'Protein Binding', 'Protein Conformation', 'Static Electricity']
| 29,614,072
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.776.070'], ['G02.111.570.120'], ['D01.268.552.100', 'D01.552.539.288', 'D23.119.100'], ['G02.111.820.800.100', 'G03.143.500.100', 'G04.835.800.100'], ['D12.644.360.372.249', 'D12.776.157.125.412.249', 'D12.776.476.387.249'], ['H01.158.273.180', 'L01.313.124'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G02.409'], ['E05.599.595.500', 'G02.111.570.895', 'L01.224.160.500'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808'], ['G02.111.570.820.709'], ['G01.358.500.249.820']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Who Are the "Lazy" Ants? The Function of Inactivity in Social Insects and a Possible Role of Constraint: Inactive Ants Are Corpulent and May Be Young and/or Selfish.
|
Social insect colonies are commonly thought of as highly organized and efficient complex systems, yet high levels of worker inactivity are common. Although consistently inactive workers have been documented across many species, very little is known about the potential function or costs associated with this behavior. Here we ask what distinguishes these "lazy" individuals from their nestmates. We obtained a large set of behavioral and morphological data about individuals, and tested for consistency with the following evolutionary hypotheses: that inactivity results from constraint caused by worker (a) immaturity or (b) senescence; that (c) inactive workers are reproducing; that inactive workers perform a cryptic task such as (d) acting as communication hubs or (e) food stores; and that (f) inactive workers represent the "slow-paced" end of inter-worker variation in "pace-of-life." We show that inactive workers walk more slowly, have small spatial fidelity zones near the nest center, are more corpulent, are isolated in colony interaction networks, have the smallest behavioral repertoires, and are more likely to have oocytes than other workers. These results are consistent with the hypotheses that inactive workers are immature and/or storing food for the colony; they suggest that workers are not inactive as a consequence of senescence, and that they are not acting as communication hubs. The hypotheses listed above are not mutually exclusive, and likely form a "syndrome" of behaviors common to inactive social insect workers. Their simultaneous contribution to inactivity may explain the difficulty in finding a simple answer to this deceptively simple question.
|
['Animals', 'Ants', 'Behavior, Animal', 'Biological Evolution', 'Body Size', 'Social Behavior']
| 28,957,517
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.500.131.617.720.500.500.875.205'], ['F01.145.113'], ['G05.045', 'G16.075'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.160', 'E05.041.124.160', 'G07.100.100.160', 'G07.345.249.314'], ['F01.145.813']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The calcium-sensing receptor regulates plasma membrane calcium adenosine triphosphatase isoform 2 activity in mammary epithelial cells: a mechanism for calcium-regulated calcium transport into milk.
|
The calcium-sensing receptor (CaR) regulates transepithelial calcium transport into milk by mammary epithelial cells. Using a genome-wide screening strategy, we identified the plasma membrane calcium ATPase isoform 2 (PMCA2) as a potential downstream target of the CaR. We show that PMCA2 expression in the mouse mammary gland increases during lactation and that PMCA2 is localized solely to the apical plasma membrane of mammary epithelial cells. In milk from deafwaddler mice, which have mutations in the gene encoding PMCA2, calcium concentrations were reduced, confirming its importance in calcium transport into milk. Furthermore, in cultured primary and EpH4 mouse mammary epithelial cells, CaR stimulation up-regulated calcium-dependent ATPase activity in plasma membrane preparations. By small interfering RNA-mediated gene knockdown of PMCA2, we show that PMCA2 accounts for the preponderance of calcium-ATPase activity. We also show that reduction of CaR expression with small interfering RNA eliminates the ability of extracellular calcium to elicit an increase in calcium-dependent ATPase activity in EpH4 cell membranes. These results demonstrate that activation of the CaR increases PMCA2 activity in mouse mammary epithelial cells, providing a mechanism for the regulation of transepithelial calcium transport by calcium in the lactating mouse mammary gland.
|
['Animals', 'Biological Transport', 'Blotting, Western', 'Calcium', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Epithelial Cells', 'Female', 'Fluorescent Antibody Technique', 'Gadolinium', 'Isoenzymes', 'Lactation', 'Mammary Glands, Animal', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred BALB C', 'Microscopy, Immunoelectron', 'Milk', 'Milk Proteins', 'Mutation', 'Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis', 'Plasma Membrane Calcium-Transporting ATPases', 'Receptors, Calcium-Sensing', 'Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction']
| 17,823,248
|
[['B01.050'], ['G03.143'], ['E05.196.401.143', 'E05.301.300.096', 'E05.478.566.320.200', 'E05.601.262', 'E05.601.470.320.200'], ['D01.268.552.100', 'D01.552.539.288', 'D23.119.100'], ['A11.251'], ['A11.436'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512.240', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512.240', 'E05.200.500.607.512.240', 'E05.200.750.551.512.240', 'E05.478.583.375'], ['D01.268.558.362.484', 'D01.552.550.399.484'], ['D08.811.348', 'D12.776.800.300'], ['G08.686.523', 'G08.686.702.500'], ['A10.336.482', 'A13.589'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.338', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.338'], ['E01.370.350.515.402.625', 'E05.595.402.625'], ['A12.200.455', 'A12.790', 'G07.203.100.700', 'G07.203.300.350.525', 'J02.200.700', 'J02.500.350.525'], ['A12.790.520', 'D12.776.256.159.750', 'G07.203.300.428.159.812', 'J02.500.350.525.520', 'J02.500.428.159.750'], ['G05.365.590'], ['E05.393.661.640', 'E05.393.760.640', 'E05.588.570.660', 'E05.601.640'], ['D08.811.277.040.025.314.250.249', 'D12.776.157.530.450.250.500.249', 'D12.776.157.530.813.250.249', 'D12.776.543.585.450.250.500.249', 'D12.776.543.585.813.250.249'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.115'], ['E05.393.620.500.725']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Exoskeleton Morphology of Three Species of Preponini, with Discussion of Morphological Similarities among Neotropical Charaxinae (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)-II. Thorax and Thoracic Appendages.
|
The present report, the second part of a study of the external morphology of Preponini, compares the thorax and thoracic appendages of Archaeoprepona demophon demophon (Linnaeus, 1758), Archaeoprepona licomedes licomedes (Cramer, 1777) and Prepona pylene pylene Hewitson, [1854], through descriptions and illustrations. The results are compared with three other species, Prepona claudina annetta (Gray, 1832), Memphis moruus stheno H?bner, [1819] and Zaretis itys itylus (Westwood, 1850), revealing previously unrecognized similarities among species of Charaxinae.
|
['Animals', 'Butterflies', 'Extremities', 'Species Specificity', 'Thorax', 'Wings, Animal']
| 26,003,985
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.500.131.617.720.500.500.937.200'], ['A01.378'], ['G16.824'], ['A01.923.761'], ['A13.395.823']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Drop-out and treatment outcome of outpatient cognitive-behavioral therapy for anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa.
|
In the present study, drop-out-analyses were carried out for a manual-based cognitive-behavioral therapy for 104 females with anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN), in the service setting of a university outpatient clinic (naturalistic setting). A total of 22.9% of patients with AN terminated therapy prematurely (drop-outs), compared to 40.6% of patients with BN. Group differences between drop-outs and completers show that the group of drop-outs with BN had higher values in the depression score at the start of therapy and was almost two times more likely to have a comorbid disorder (odds ratio 1.69), whereas drop-outs with AN had higher values in the outcome-scale drive for thinness and the odds ratio for being employed or living in a partnership was slightly lower. Completers and drop-outs did not differ significantly within groups in regard to age, body mass index at the start and end of therapy, or the number of comorbid disorders. On the whole, the therapy effect in the group of drop-outs was relatively moderate. For patients with AN, even higher therapy effects were observed among the drop-outs than among the completers. These data suggest that moderate therapy effects and responses can be achieved even among the drop-outs.
|
['Adult', 'Anorexia Nervosa', 'Bulimia Nervosa', 'Cognitive Behavioral Therapy', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Outpatients', 'Patient Dropouts', 'Personality Disorders', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 23,587,528
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['F03.400.125'], ['F03.400.250'], ['F04.754.137.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.643.630'], ['F01.100.150.750.500.610', 'F01.145.488.887.500.610', 'N05.300.150.800.500.610'], ['F03.675'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Determinism and probability in the development of the cell theory.
|
A return to Claude Bernard's original use of the concept of 'determinism' displays the fact that natural laws were presumed to rule over all natural processes. In a more restricted sense, the term boiled down to a mere presupposition of constant determinant causes for those processes, leaving aside any particular ontological principle, even stochastic. The history of the cell theory until around 1900 was dominated by a twofold conception of determinant causes. Along a reductionist trend, cells' structures and processes were supposed to be accounted for through their analysis into detailed partial mechanisms. But a more holistic approach tended to subsume those analytic means and the mechanism involved under a program of global functional determinations. When mitotic and meiotic sequences in nuclear replication were being unveiled and that neo-Mendelian genetics was being grafted onto cytology and embryology, a conception of strict determinism at the nuclear level, principally represented by Wilhelm Roux and August Weismann, would seem to rule unilaterally over the mosaic interpretation of the cleavage of blastomeres. But, as shown by E.B. Wilson, in developmental processes there occur contingent outcomes of cell division which observations and experiments reveal. This induces the need to admit 'epigenetic' determinants and relativize the presumed 'preformation' of thedevelopmental phases by making room for an emergent order which the accidental circumstances of gene replication would trigger on.
|
['Cell Biology', 'Cells', 'Genetics', 'History, 19th Century', 'History, 20th Century', 'Probability']
| 22,542,690
|
[['H01.158.100.433', 'H01.158.273.160'], ['A11'], ['H01.158.273.343'], ['K01.400.504.937'], ['K01.400.504.968'], ['E05.318.740.600', 'G17.680', 'N05.715.360.750.625', 'N06.850.520.830.600']]
|
['Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Nancy Main Henley (1934-2016).
|
Presents an obituary for Nancy Main Henley who passed away on June 4, 2016, in Maryland. Henley was a feminist trailblazer who conducted influential work on gender, communication, and power. (PsycINFO Database Record
|
['Feminism', 'History, 20th Century', 'Humans', 'Psychology', 'United States']
| 28,032,795
|
[['I01.880.604.473.374', 'K01.752.566.479.174.700'], ['K01.400.504.968'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F04.096.628'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]
|
['Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
|
Stability of minute virus of mice to chemical and physical agents.
|
Minute virus of mice (MVM), a single-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid Parvovirus, was subjected to various inactivation procedures, including chemical disinfectants, heat, and ultraviolet radiation. MVM was found to be less stable than has been reported for other Parvoviruses. This virus was readily inactivated by a variety of chemical disinfectants, including alcohols, formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde, and chloroform. MVM was more sensitive to ultraviolet radiation than was Kilham's rat virus. MVM was more sensitive to heating at temperatures of 35 to 100 C than has been reported for other Parvoviruses. More than 95% of MVM infectivity was inactivated by heating (45, 60, or 100 C) for 60 min, acid (pH 2.0) treatment, or ultraviolet radiation treatment, although a small percentage (less than 2%) of the virus preparation was found to be resistant to these treatments. In addition, more than 99% of the infectivity of MVM was lost after storage at 4C for 10 weeks, although the virus was stable on storage in liquid nitrogen.
|
['1-Propanol', 'Animals', 'Cell Line', 'Chloroform', 'Cytopathogenic Effect, Viral', 'Disinfectants', 'Ethanol', 'Formaldehyde', 'Glutaral', 'Hot Temperature', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Mice', 'Parvoviridae', 'Propanols', 'Radiation Effects', 'Rats', 'Sodium Hypochlorite', 'Ultraviolet Rays']
| 4,213,983
|
[['D02.033.755.600'], ['B01.050'], ['A11.251.210'], ['D02.455.526.439.224', 'D02.455.526.913.810'], ['E01.370.225.500.384.235', 'E05.200.500.384.235', 'E05.242.384.235', 'G06.920.190'], ['D27.505.954.122.425', 'D27.720.274'], ['D02.033.375'], ['D02.047.407'], ['D02.047.532'], ['G01.906.595.543', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710.380', 'G16.500.750.775.710.380', 'N06.230.300.100.725.232', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710.380'], ['G02.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B04.280.580'], ['D02.033.755'], ['G01.750.745', 'N06.850.810.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['D01.210.465.800', 'D01.650.550.400.800', 'D01.857.750'], ['G01.358.500.505.650.891', 'G01.590.540.891', 'G01.750.250.650.891', 'G01.750.750.659', 'G01.750.770.578.891', 'G16.500.275.063.725.525.600', 'G16.500.750.775.525.600', 'N06.230.300.100.725.525.600']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Cyclic adenosine 3', 5' monophosphate: a possible indicator of premalignant changes in the large bowel.
|
Cyclic adenosine 3', 5' monophosphate (cyclic-AMP) has been estimated in mucosal biopsy samples removed from the descending colon and rectum at endoscopy to investigate the possibility of using this substance for monitoring pre-malignant changes in the large bowel. Four groups of patients have been studied: those with normal large bowel and rectal mucosa; those with non-malignant inflammatory bowel disease; those with an adenomatous polyp in the descending colon or sigmoid colon; and those with a rectal adenocarcinoma. No difference was found in the cyclic-AMP content of 'normal' rectal mucosa, 'normal' colonic mucosa, 'diseased' colonic mucosa, carcinomas, and uninvolved mucosa adjacent to the polyps. Less cyclic-AMP was found in the polyps than in adjacent uninvolved mucosa. Conversely, more cyclic-AMP was found in the carcinomas than in adjacent uninvolved mucosa. It is concluded that although cyclic-AMP may be a very useful parameter for delineating the extent of the disease in individual patients, it is not a suitable biochemical marker for the screening of neoplastic changes in the large bowel in the population as a whole.
|
['Colonic Neoplasms', 'Cyclic AMP', 'Humans', 'Intestinal Mucosa', 'Intestinal Neoplasms', 'Intestine, Large', 'Precancerous Conditions', 'Rectal Neoplasms']
| 229,758
|
[]
|
[]
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Entry kinetics and cell-cell transmission of surface-bound retroviral vector particles.
|
BACKGROUND: Transduction with recombinant HIV-1 derived lentivirus vectors is a multi-step process initiated by surface attachment and subsequent receptor-directed uptake into the target cell. We previously reported the retention of vesicular stomatitis virus G protein pseudotyped particles on murine progenitor cells and their delayed cell-cell transfer.METHODS: To examine the underlying mechanism in more detail, we used a combination of approaches focused on investigating the role of receptor-independent factors in modulating attachment.RESULTS: The investigation of synchronized transduction reveals cell-type specific rates of vector particle clearance with substantial delays during particle entry into murine hematopoietic progenitor cells. The observed uptake kinetics from the surface of the 1 degrees cell correlate inversely with the magnitude of transfer to 2 degrees targets, corresponding with our initial observation of preferential cell-cell transfer in the context of brief vector exposures. We further demonstrate that vector particle entry into cells is associated with the cell-type specific abundance of extracellular matrix fibronectin. Residual particle-extracellular fibronectin matrix binding and 2 degrees transfer can be competitively disrupted by heparin exposure without affecting murine progenitor homing and repopulation.CONCLUSIONS: Although cellular attachment factors, including fibronectin, aid gene transfer by colocalizing particles to cells and disfavoring early dissociation from targets, they also appear to stabilize particles on the cell surface. The present study highlights the inadvertent consequences for cell entry and cell-cell transfer.
|
['Animals', 'Bone Marrow Cells', 'Cell Communication', 'Cell Line', 'Cell Lineage', 'Cell Membrane', 'Extracellular Matrix', 'Fibronectins', 'Genetic Vectors', 'Green Fluorescent Proteins', 'Heparin', 'Humans', 'Kinetics', 'Mice', 'Peptide Hydrolases', 'Proviruses', 'Retroviridae', 'Time Factors', 'Transduction, Genetic', 'Virion', 'Virus Integration', 'Virus Internalization', 'Whole-Body Irradiation']
| 20,440,757
|
[['B01.050'], ['A11.148', 'A15.378.316'], ['G04.085'], ['A11.251.210'], ['G04.172', 'G07.345.500.325.180.500', 'G08.686.155', 'G08.686.784.170.104.249'], ['A11.284.149'], ['A11.284.295.310'], ['D12.776.377.715.390', 'D12.776.395.550.350', 'D12.776.543.550.350', 'D12.776.860.300.450'], ['G05.360.337'], ['D12.776.532.265'], ['D09.698.373.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['D08.811.277.656'], ['B04.725'], ['B04.613.807', 'B04.820.650'], ['G01.910.857'], ['E05.393.350.800', 'G05.728.850'], ['A21.249'], ['G05.935', 'G06.920.877'], ['G06.920.881'], ['E02.815.814', 'E05.980']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Risk factors for Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in patients with lymphoproliferative disorders.
|
BACKGROUND: Guidelines for primary Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP) prophylaxis for patients with hematologic malignancy (HM) are still lacking. Our objective was to identify risk factors for PCP among patients with HM to help recognize patients who would benefit from primary PCP prophylaxis.MATERIAL AND METHODS: We performed a case-control study of adult patients with HM and negative for human immunodeficiency virus and with confirmed PCP by using cytology or histopathology from 2 medical centers over an 11-year period. Each case was matched with 4 patients without PCP by type of HM and year of treatment. We compared demographic, clinical, and laboratory data among cases and controls. Data were analyzed by using SPSS version 18.0.RESULTS: Fourteen cases and 56 controls were included in the study period. No significant differences were seen in demographics between both groups. All identified patients had lymphoproliferative HM, the majority of patients (93%) had either non-Hodgkin lymphoma or chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Autoimmune diseases were more frequent in cases vs. controls (28.6% vs. 5.4% P = .01). The receipt and duration of chemotherapy were similar in both groups. Among chemotherapeutic agents, including steroids, only fludarabine was associated with increased risk for PCP (50% vs. 17.9%; P = .02). No difference was found in total or lymphocyte percentage in cases at the time of PCP diagnosis vs. nadir values in controls.CONCLUSION: Patients with lymphoproliferative HM, specifically chronic lymphocytic leukemia and non-Hodgkin lymphoma, who are receiving fludarabine and with autoimmune disorders are at increased risk for PCP and should be considered for PCP primary prophylaxis.
|
['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Antineoplastic Agents', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Cladribine', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell', 'Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin', 'Lymphoproliferative Disorders', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Pneumocystis carinii', 'Pneumonia, Pneumocystis', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Risk Factors', 'Time Factors', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination', 'Vidarabine']
| 22,000,698
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['D27.505.954.248'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['D03.633.100.759.590.138.300.200', 'D03.633.100.759.590.138.325.075', 'D13.570.230.229.075', 'D13.570.583.138.300.200', 'D13.570.583.138.325.075', 'D13.570.800.096.300.200'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.557.337.428.080.125', 'C15.604.515.560.080.125', 'C20.683.515.528.080.125'], ['C04.557.386.480', 'C15.604.515.569.480', 'C20.683.515.761.480'], ['C15.604.515', 'C20.683.515'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['B01.300.107.730.650'], ['C01.150.703.534.700', 'C01.150.703.770.700', 'C01.748.435.700', 'C01.748.610.675', 'C08.381.472.700', 'C08.381.677.675', 'C08.730.435.700', 'C08.730.610.675'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['G01.910.857'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['D02.065.884.725.867.500', 'D02.092.146.807.867.500', 'D02.886.590.700.725.867.500', 'D03.383.742.906.500', 'D26.310.875'], ['D03.633.100.759.590.138.900', 'D13.570.065.950', 'D13.570.583.138.900']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Efficacy and Safety of Budesonide, vs Mesalazine or Placebo, as Induction Therapy for Lymphocytic Colitis.
|
BACKGROUND & AIMS: Lymphocytic colitis is a common cause of chronic, nonbloody diarrhea. However, the effects of treatment are unclear and randomized placebo-controlled trials were requested in a Cochrane review. We performed a randomized, placebo-controlled, multicenter study to evaluate budesonide and mesalazine as induction therapy for lymphocytic colitis.METHODS: Patients with active lymphocytic colitis were randomly assigned to groups given budesonide 9 mg once daily (Budenofalk granules), mesalazine 3 g once daily (Salofalk granules), or placebo for 8 weeks in a double-blind, double-dummy design. The primary endpoint was clinical remission, defined as ?21 stools (including ?6 watery stools), in the 7 days before week 8.RESULTS: The final analysis included 57 patients (19 per group). Most patients were female (72%) and the mean age was 59 years. The proportion of patients in clinical remission at week 8 was significantly higher in the budesonide group than in the placebo group (intention-to-treat analysis, 79% vs 42%; P = .01). The difference in proportions of patients in clinical remission at week 8 between the mesalazine (63%) and placebo groups was not significant (P = .09). The proportion of patients with histologic remission at week 8 was significantly higher in the budesonide group (68%) vs the mesalazine (26%; P = .02) or placebo (21%; P = .008) groups. The incidence of adverse events was 47.4% in the budesonide group, 68.4% in the mesalazine group, and 42.1% in the placebo group.CONCLUSIONS: In a randomized multicenter study, we found oral budesonide 9 mg once daily to be effective and safe for induction of clinical and histologic remission in patients with lymphocytic colitis, compared with placebo. Oral mesalazine 3 g once daily was not significantly better than placebo. ClinicalTrials.gov no: NCT01209208.
|
['Administration, Oral', 'Anti-Inflammatory Agents', 'Budesonide', 'Colitis, Lymphocytic', 'Double-Blind Method', 'Drug Administration Schedule', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Induction Chemotherapy', 'Male', 'Mesalamine', 'Middle Aged', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 30,195,447
|
[['E02.319.267.100'], ['D27.505.954.158'], ['D04.210.500.745.745.654.105'], ['C06.405.205.265.173.750', 'C06.405.469.158.188.173.750'], ['E05.318.370.300', 'E05.581.500.300', 'N05.715.360.325.320', 'N06.850.520.445.300'], ['E02.319.283'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.319.499', 'E02.860.500'], ['D02.241.223.100.050.300.500', 'D02.241.223.100.300.595.100.540', 'D02.241.511.390.595.100.540', 'D02.455.426.559.389.127.020.452.750', 'D02.455.426.559.389.127.281.595.100.540', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.410.595.100.540'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Evaluating photographic scales of facial pores and diagnostic agreement of tests using latent class models.
|
BACKGROUND: Ordinal severity scales illustrated by photographs have been widely developed to help dermatologists in evaluating skin problems or improvements. Numerous scales have been published, and none of them were used for assessing facial pores.METHODS: A five-point photographic scale of facial pores was formulated, and photographs of pores on nasal ala from 128 female volunteers were acquired. Five dermatologists with similar experiences rated the 128 photographs independently using the reference photographs. Latent Class Models (LCM) were used to analyze the data. Firstly, we hypothesized that the conditional probabilities of the five dermatologists were identical to build the first LCM and without the restriction to formulate the second LCM. Conditional probability and posterior probability were also calculated.RESULTS: The five-point scales were ambiguous as the raters actually had difficulties in distinguishing between some adjacent categories. Adjacent categories were pooled for reanalyzing, and the model fitted well.CONCLUSIONS: The newly developed photographic scale of Chinese facial pores should be redefined to improve their quality and reproducibility in future studies. Standardized scales for the measurement of aging and response to cosmetic therapy were essential for assessing diagnostic experiment. The LCM can effectively deal with diagnostic test of agreement and reproducibility.
|
['Adult', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Models, Statistical', 'Nose', 'Observer Variation', 'Photography', 'Probability', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Skin', 'Skin Aging']
| 27,775,445
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.740.500', 'E05.599.835', 'N05.715.360.750.530', 'N06.850.520.830.500'], ['A01.456.505.733', 'A04.531', 'A09.531'], ['E01.354.753', 'N02.421.450.600', 'N05.715.350.150.675', 'N06.850.490.500.250'], ['E01.370.350.600', 'E05.712'], ['E05.318.740.600', 'G17.680', 'N05.715.360.750.625', 'N06.850.520.830.600'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['A17.815'], ['G13.750.804']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Association of the HOPA12bp allele with a large X-chromosome haplotype and positive symptom schizophrenia.
|
HOPA is a X-chromosome gene that encodes an essential nuclear receptor co-activator. Previously, we have demonstrated that an exonic polymorphism, termed HOPA(12bp), in the Opa (Opposite Paired) domain of this gene that is critical for neuronal growth and differentiation is associated with a low risk for schizophrenia. But curiously, we have also noted that all HOPA(12bp) probands have the same haplotype immediately surrounding the HOPA(12bp), and other investigators have found evidence of population stratification with the HOPA(12bp) allele. Since deleterious alleles are weeded from the population, and the HOPA(12bp) allele is not rare, these prior findings suggest the possibility that positive selection may be occurring with respect to the HOPA(12bp) allele and that unique phenotypic features may be associated with this allele. To test these hypotheses, we analyzed symptom data collected from schizophrenic probands and conducted haplotyping studies around the HOPA(12bp) polymorphism. Consistent with our hypotheses, genotyping studies of 43 unrelated HOPA(12bp) males and 137 HOPA(wild) males demonstrated that the HOPA(12bp) allele is associated with a large conserved DNA haplotype that extends over several genes known to be critical for human survival. Furthermore, ANOVA analysis of symptom data demonstrated that HOPA(12bp) schizophrenic probands (n = 14) have significantly lower severity of negative symptoms (P < 0.002) and better attention (P < 0.002) than matched controls (n = 30). Taken together, these findings further refine the behavioral endophenotype associated with the HOPA(12bp) allele and suggest that the sequence surrounding HOPA may need to be considered to fully understand the molecular basis of the phenotype associated with the HOPA(12bp) allele.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Alleles', 'Chromosomes, Human, X', 'Cluster Analysis', 'Exons', 'Female', 'Genotype', 'Haplotypes', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Mediator Complex', 'Phenotype', 'Polymorphism, Genetic', 'Receptors, Thyroid Hormone', 'Schizophrenia']
| 15,108,174
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.030'], ['A11.284.187.520.300.325.680', 'A11.284.187.865.982.500', 'G05.360.162.520.300.325.680', 'G05.360.162.865.982.500'], ['E05.318.740.250', 'N05.715.360.750.200', 'N06.850.520.830.250'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.137.232'], ['G05.380'], ['G05.380.360'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D05.500.374', 'D12.644.360.024.309', 'D12.776.157.057.072', 'D12.776.476.024.388', 'D12.776.660.551'], ['G05.695'], ['G05.365.795'], ['D12.776.624.664.700.830', 'D12.776.826.850'], ['F03.700.750']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Areas of the brain concerned with ventilatory load compensation in awake man.
|
There is broad agreement that the awake human ventilatory response to a moderate inspiratory load consists of a prolongation of inspiratory time (T(I)) with a maintenance of tidal volume (V(T)) and end-tidal P(C)(O(2)) (P(ET,C)(O(2))), the response being severely blunted in sleep. There is no agreement on the mechanisms underlying this ventilatory response. Six naive healthy males (aged 39-44) were studied supine with their heads in a positron emission tomography (PET) scanner to allow relative regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) to be measured with H(2)(15)O given intravenously. A linearised resistive load (24 cmH(2)O (l s(-1))(-1)) could be added to the inspiratory limb of a breathing valve inserted into a tightly fitting facemask; inspiratory flow was measured with a pneumotachograph. The load was applied, without alerting the subject, when the radioactivity first reached the head. Six scans were performed with and without the load, in each subject. Relative rCBF contrasts between the loaded and unloaded breathing states showed significant activations in inferior parietal cortex, prefrontal cortex, midbrain, basal ganglia and multiple cerebellar sites. No activations were found in the primary sensorimotor cortex. The findings suggest that there is a pattern of motor behavioural response to the uncomfortable sensation that inspiration is impeded. This results in a prolongation of T(I), the maintenance of V(T) and a reduction in the degree of discomfort, presumably because of the reduction of mean negative pressure in the airways.
|
['Adaptation, Physiological', 'Adult', 'Brain', 'Brain Mapping', 'Cerebrovascular Circulation', 'Humans', 'Inhalation', 'Male', 'Supine Position', 'Tidal Volume', 'Time Factors', 'Tomography, Emission-Computed', 'Work of Breathing']
| 11,897,862
|
[['G07.025', 'G16.012.500'], ['M01.060.116'], ['A08.186.211'], ['E01.370.350.578.875.500', 'E01.370.376.537.625.500', 'E05.629.875.500'], ['G09.330.100.159'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G09.772.705.700.390'], ['G11.427.695.625'], ['E01.370.386.700.485.750.900.350.750', 'G09.772.850.970.500.700'], ['G01.910.857'], ['E01.370.350.350.800', 'E01.370.350.600.350.800', 'E01.370.350.710.800', 'E01.370.350.825.800', 'E01.370.384.730.800'], ['E01.370.386.700.975', 'G09.772.965']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Madin-Darby canine kidney cells. I. Aldosterone-induced domes and their evaluation as a model system.
|
Vectorial transport of salt and water in the Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cell line is indicated by the formation of domes when a monolayer is grown on an impermeable support. We investigated aldosterone-induced dome formation and evaluated the dome as an experimental model. Transepithelial dome resistance was about 80 omega cm2 and constant when dome size exceeded 2.10(-4) cm2. The relative ion conductances (expressed as transference numbers) across the dome epithelium were tNa:tCl:tk = 0.64:0.24:0.06. They reflect the permeability properties of the paracellular shunt pathway tested at physiological concentrations of the individual ions. Aldosterone accelerated dome formation in serum-deprived MDCK monolayers. Prostaglandin E1 and transferrin were supportive but not essential for aldosterone-induced dome formation. After 72 h dome density was equal in monolayers cultured in serum-supplemented medium either in the presence or absence of mineralocorticoids. We conclude that aldosterone induces cell polarization in MDCK monolayers, leading to the formation of domes. The dome epithelium appears to be electrically isolated from the adjacent monolayer and can be studied by microelectrode techniques.
|
['Aldosterone', 'Alprostadil', 'Animals', 'Biological Transport, Active', 'Blood', 'Cell Line', 'Chlorides', 'Dogs', 'Electric Conductivity', 'Epithelium', 'Kidney', 'Membrane Potentials', 'Models, Biological', 'Potassium', 'Sodium', 'Transferrin']
| 2,235,294
|
[['D04.210.500.745.745.654.062', 'D06.472.040.585.353.118'], ['D10.251.355.255.550.250.100', 'D10.251.355.325.050', 'D23.469.050.175.725.250.100'], ['B01.050'], ['G03.143.310'], ['A12.207.152', 'A15.145'], ['A11.251.210'], ['D01.210.450.150', 'D01.248.497.158.215'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.250.216.200'], ['G01.358.500.249.277'], ['A10.272'], ['A05.810.453'], ['G01.154.535', 'G04.580', 'G07.265.675', 'G11.561.570'], ['E05.599.395'], ['D01.268.549.550', 'D01.268.557.575', 'D01.552.528.652', 'D01.552.547.650'], ['D01.268.549.750', 'D01.268.557.650', 'D01.552.528.850', 'D01.552.547.725'], ['D12.776.124.050.800', 'D12.776.124.790.223.839', 'D12.776.157.427.750.500', 'D12.776.377.715.182.839', 'D12.776.556.579.750.500']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Electrophysiological mechanisms of spontaneous termination of sustained monomorphic reentrant ventricular tachycardia in the canine postinfarction heart.
|
BACKGROUND: The electrophysiological mechanisms of spontaneous termination of sustained monomorphic ventricular tachycardia (SMVT), in the postinfarction heart, generally considered secondary to a reentrant mechanism, have not been fully investigated.METHODS AND RESULTS: Epicardial activation maps of spontaneous termination of 20 different episodes of SMVT (lasting 30 seconds to 10 minutes) from 8 dogs, 4 to 5 days after one-stage ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery, were analyzed with the use of 254 bipolar electrode recordings with high density (2.5 to 2.8 mm between bipolar electrodes) in the ischemic zone. All ventricular tachycardias (VTs) were due to circus movement reentry with a characteristic figure-8 configuration. Termination always occurred when the two circulating wave fronts blocked in the central common pathway (CCP). Two basic mechanisms of spontaneous termination were observed: (1) In 15 episodes, acceleration of conduction occurred in parts of the reentrant circuit and was associated with slowing of conduction and finally conduction block in the CCP. Acceleration of conduction occurred in the last few cycles of VT both at the outer border of the arcs of functional conduction block in the "normal" myocardial zone and at the pivot points to the entrance to the CCP. When acceleration of conduction was compensated on a beat-to-beat basis by an equal degree of slowing in the CCP, there was no discernible change in the cycle length of the VT in the ECG. In some episodes, the termination of the original reentrant circuit was followed by the development of a different, slower reentrant pathway that lasted for one or a few cycles prior to termination. (2) In 5 VT episodes, the activation wave front in the CCP abruptly broke across a stable arc of functional conduction block, resulting in premature activation of the CCP and conduction block.CONCLUSIONS: Distinct electrophysiological changes always preceded spontaneous termination of stable SMVT. The electrophysiological basis for acceleration of conduction in parts of the reentrant circuit during the last few beats prior to termination and of the abrupt reactivation across a stable arc of block remains to be determined.
|
['Animals', 'Dogs', 'Electrophysiology', 'Heart', 'Heart Conduction System', 'Male', 'Myocardial Infarction', 'Tachycardia, Ventricular']
| 8,608,626
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.250.216.200'], ['H01.158.344.528', 'H01.158.782.236'], ['A07.541'], ['A07.541.409'], ['C14.280.647.500', 'C14.907.585.500', 'C23.550.513.355.750', 'C23.550.717.489.750'], ['C14.280.067.845.940', 'C14.280.123.875.940', 'C23.550.073.845.940']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The use of low molecular weight heparins for the prevention of postoperative venous thromboembolism in general surgery. A survey of practice in the United States.
|
BACKGROUND: Even though low molecular weight heparins (LMWHs) have become the standard for venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis in most European countries and Canada, it was not until recently that LMWHs were approved for use in the United States. The main objective of this study was to assess the current preferences and attitudes of United States surgeons toward the prevention of VTE with particular reference to LMWH.METHODS: A survey with questions relative to VTE awareness, risk factors, and prevention practices was mailed to 10,000 Fellows of the American College of Surgeons.RESULTS: A total of 1,145 (11.45%) usable questionnaires were returned. The vast majority (96%) of respondents use prophylaxis against VTE. Although LMWHs were rated first regarding efficacy and second regarding simplicity of use, conventional unfractionated heparin at fixed doses remains the preferred pharmacological agent for VTE prevention (74%), followed by 2 LMWHs: enoxaparin (34%) and dalteparin (16%). Overall, 52% of surgeons preferred physical methods over pharmacological methods when used separately and 26% of surgeons utilize combined physical-pharmacological modalities.CONCLUSIONS: North American general surgeons have substantially modified their approach to VTE prevention in the last 4 years. Physical methods and unfractionated heparin remain the preferred prophylactic modalities, but LMWHs have gained rapid acceptance since their approval for use for VTE prevention in North America. Even though the results of this survey must be interpreted with caution because of the limited response rate and possible sampling bias, they still reflect the current preferences and attitudes of North American surgeons toward prophylaxis.
|
['Anticoagulants', 'Attitude of Health Personnel', 'Bandages', 'Cost-Benefit Analysis', 'General Surgery', 'Health Care Surveys', 'Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight', 'Humans', 'Incidence', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Practice Guidelines as Topic', 'Risk Factors', 'Severity of Illness Index', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Thromboembolism', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Ultrasonography, Doppler, Duplex', 'United States', 'Venous Thrombosis']
| 11,941,278
|
[['D27.505.954.502.119'], ['F01.100.050', 'N05.300.100'], ['E07.101'], ['N03.219.151.125'], ['H02.403.810.300'], ['E05.318.308.980.344', 'N03.349.380.210', 'N05.425.210', 'N05.715.360.300.800.344', 'N06.850.520.308.980.344'], ['D09.698.373.400.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.375', 'N01.224.935.597.500', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.375', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.375'], ['C23.550.767'], ['N04.761.700.350.650', 'N05.700.350.650'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475.456.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.364.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.364.500'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['C14.907.355.590'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['E01.370.350.850.850.850'], ['Z01.107.567.875'], ['C14.907.355.830.925']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Serum prealbumin and retinol-binding protein in the prealbumin-related senile and familial forms of systemic amyloidosis.
|
In a series of 13 elderly patients with proven prealbumin-related senile systemic amyloidosis (SSA), depressed serum prealbumin values (110.7 +/- 14.1 micrograms/ml) were found as compared to an age-matched control group (175.1 +/- 20.3 micrograms/ml). As expected, there was a significant correlation between serum prealbumin and serum retinol-binding proteins in both groups of patients. Patients with reactive amyloid protein AA amyloidosis had slightly depressed serum prealbumin concentrations, whereas patients with prealbumin-related familial amyloidosis of Swedish type had prealbumin values within normal limits. Since the serum levels of the acute phase reactants, haptoglobin and amyloid-related serum protein AA, were higher in the group of patients with reactive amyloidosis than in patients with SSA, the depression of the prealbumin levels in SSA is not a result of inflammation. Since SSA is known to contain prealbumin, it is possible that a disturbed prealbumin metabolism in old age results in low prealbumin serum values and deposition of amyloid.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Amyloidosis', 'Female', 'Haptoglobins', 'Heart Diseases', 'Humans', 'Lung Diseases', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Prealbumin', 'Retinol-Binding Proteins', 'Serum Amyloid A Protein']
| 4,038,761
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C18.452.845.500'], ['D12.776.124.050.300', 'D12.776.124.790.106.394', 'D12.776.377.715.085.394', 'D12.776.395.560.373'], ['C14.280'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C08.381'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D12.776.034.841.450', 'D12.776.124.727.750'], ['D12.776.157.700'], ['D12.776.049.407.750', 'D12.776.124.050.725']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Blood pressure reduction in stable angina by nifedipine was related to stroke and heart failure reduction but not to coronary interventions.
|
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Whether blood pressure (BP) reduction is a necessary prerequisite for cardiovascular risk reduction or an epiphenomenon has not been definitively established. We used an innovative analytic method to address this question.METHODS: For 7,287 participants in a stable angina trial comparing long-acting nifedipine to placebo, we estimated the BP response after 2 weeks of treatment corrected for regression-to-the mean, and then related the latter and assigned treatment to subsequent cardiovascular outcomes.RESULTS: Subsequent stroke and heart failure was strongly related to 2-week corrected systolic BP response, but coronary angiography and bypass surgery was not. Adjustment for the 2-week corrected systolic BP response changed nifedipine effect estimates (relative to placebo) for subsequent stroke from 28% (P=0.04) to 21% (P=0.13) risk reduction, and for heart failure from 30% (P=0.02) to 21% (P=0.11) risk reduction; but did not alter the effect estimates for coronary angiography (27% reduction, P<0.001), and coronary bypass surgery (22% reduction, P=0.002).CONCLUSION: The stroke and heart failure risk reduction by nifedipine GITS in patients with stable angina can be attributed partly to its BP lowering effect, whereas effects on coronary procedures are likely to be related almost entirely to its antianginal effects.
|
['Angina Pectoris', 'Blood Pressure', 'Calcium Channel Blockers', 'Cardiac Output, Low', 'Clinical Trials as Topic', 'Coronary Angiography', 'Coronary Artery Bypass', 'Coronary Artery Disease', 'Drug Administration Schedule', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Nifedipine', 'Stroke', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 17,573,988
|
[['C14.280.647.187', 'C14.907.585.187', 'C23.888.592.612.233.500'], ['E01.370.600.875.249', 'G09.330.380.076'], ['D27.505.519.562.249', 'D27.505.696.260.500', 'D27.505.954.411.192'], ['C14.280.148', 'C23.888.192'], ['E05.318.372.250.250', 'N05.715.360.330.250.250', 'N06.850.520.450.250.250'], ['E01.370.350.130.625', 'E01.370.350.700.060.200', 'E01.370.370.050.200', 'E01.370.370.380.200'], ['E04.100.376.719.332', 'E04.100.814.868.750', 'E04.928.220.520.220'], ['C14.280.647.250.260', 'C14.907.137.126.339', 'C14.907.585.250.260'], ['E02.319.283'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D03.383.725.203.540'], ['C10.228.140.300.775', 'C14.907.253.855'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Brief, Non-Pharmacological, Interventions for Pediatric Anxiety: Meta-Analysis and Evidence Base Status.
|
In 1998, Ost published [One-session treatment of specific phobias-a rapid and effective method] [in Swedish] giving rise to the idea that brief, intensive, and concentrated psychosocial interventions could exhibit public health impact. At this juncture, and per criteria of the Society for Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, there are data supporting that brief, non-pharmacological intervention [prescriptions] for pediatric anxiety can be considered well-established or probably efficacious. In addition, data from 76 randomized controlled trials (N = 17,203 youth) yield an overall mean effect size of 0.19 on pediatric anxiety outcomes (pre-post). Note, however, that effect sizes vary significantly. These data point to the capacity for clinical change coming from in-vivo exposures for specific phobias (~3 h, one session), CBT with social skills training (~3 h, six sessions for indicated prevention and early intervention), and CBT-based parent training (~6 h, eight digital modules with clinician support). Given such evidence, we recommend efforts be made to establish ways to position such treatment innovations for rapid deployment facilitated by high-quality training, monitoring, technical assistance, and ongoing disclosures.
|
['Adolescent', 'Anxiety', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male']
| 32,285,692
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['F01.470.132'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
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