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The use of the Heimlich maneuver in near drowning: Institute of Medicine report.
|
The application of the Heimlich maneuver as the initial and perhaps only step for opening the airway in all near-drowning victims has been proposed by Henry Heimlich and Edward Patrick, contrary to current resuscitation guidelines for the treatment of near-drowning victims established by the Emergency Cardiac Care (ECC) Committee of the American Heart Association. Although the Heimlich maneuver is useful for the removal of aspirated solid foreign bodies, there is no evidence that death from drowning is frequently caused by aspiration of a solid foreign body that is not effectively treated by the current ECC recommendations. Furthermore, the evidence is insufficient to support the proposition that the Heimlich maneuver is useful for the removal of aspirated liquid. Moreover, because there is no evidence to support Heimlich's hypothesis that substantial amounts of water are aspirated by near-drowning victims or that such aspirated liquid causes brain damage and death, the available evidence does not support routine use of the Heimlich maneuver in the care of near-drowning victims. The routine use of the Heimlich maneuver for treatment of near drowning raises several concerns: (a) the amount of time it would take to repeat this maneuver and how long this would delay the initiation of artificial ventilation; (b) possible complications of the Heimlich maneuver, especially if the near drowning is associated with a cervical fracture; and (c) the prospect of teaching rescue workers a different protocol than that which is taught at present for resuscitating victims of cardiopulmonary arrest from all causes other than near drowning.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
|
['Airway Obstruction', 'Emergencies', 'Foreign Bodies', 'Humans', 'Near Drowning', 'Resuscitation']
| 7,673,638
|
[['C08.618.846.185'], ['C23.550.291.781', 'N06.230.100.083', 'N06.850.376'], ['C26.392'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C26.304.500', 'N06.850.135.696.500'], ['E02.365.647']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
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Low-Cost, High-Throughput Sequencing of DNA Assemblies Using a Highly Multiplexed Nextera Process.
|
In recent years, next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology has greatly reduced the cost of sequencing whole genomes, whereas the cost of sequence verification of plasmids via Sanger sequencing has remained high. Consequently, industrial-scale strain engineers either limit the number of designs or take short cuts in quality control. Here, we show that over 4000 plasmids can be completely sequenced in one Illumina MiSeq run for less than $3 each (15? coverage), which is a 20-fold reduction over using Sanger sequencing (2? coverage). We reduced the volume of the Nextera tagmentation reaction by 100-fold and developed an automated workflow to prepare thousands of samples for sequencing. We also developed software to track the samples and associated sequence data and to rapidly identify correctly assembled constructs having the fewest defects. As DNA synthesis and assembly become a centralized commodity, this NGS quality control (QC) process will be essential to groups operating high-throughput pipelines for DNA construction.
|
['DNA', 'Gene Library', 'High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing', 'INDEL Mutation', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide', 'Quality Control', 'Sequence Analysis, DNA']
| 25,913,499
|
[['D13.444.308'], ['G05.360.325'], ['E05.393.760.319'], ['G05.365.590.500', 'G05.558.370'], ['E05.393.620.500'], ['G05.365.795.598'], ['J01.897.608'], ['E05.393.760.700']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Expression of secreted frizzled-related protein 4 in the primate placenta.
|
Secreted frizzled-related protein 4 (sFRP4) blocks the Wnt signalling pathway by competitively binding Wnt ligands (frizzled receptors). This pathway is important during development and oncogenesis. It is, however, complex with a large number of interacting proteins, isoforms and receptors. The Wnt signalling pathway has a role in human placental development and implantation, particularly in the trophoblast. Humans and macaque monkeys exhibit a similar remodelling of the decidual spiral arteries. The expression of sFRP4 in human and macaque placentas at different gestational ages have been examined with immunohistochemistry, in-situ hybridization, real-time polymerase chain reaction, and western blotting. This study demonstrates that sFRP4 is expressed predominantly in the villous syncytiotrophoblast and the invasive intermediate cytotrophoblast, and in the amnion. These observational studies suggest that sFRP4 has a role in placental development and implantation, and may be an important factor in the development of the decidual fibrinoid zone, and in trophoblast apoptosis and a band of apoptosis in the underlying decidua deep into the trophoblast.
|
['Animals', 'Apoptosis', 'Female', 'Gene Expression', 'Gestational Age', 'Humans', 'Macaca fascicularis', 'Placenta', 'Placentation', 'Pre-Eclampsia', 'Pregnancy', 'Pregnancy Trimester, First', 'Pregnancy, Animal', 'Primates', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins', 'Term Birth', 'Trophoblasts']
| 19,146,776
|
[['B01.050'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['G05.297'], ['G07.345.500.325.235.968', 'G08.686.320'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.199.120.510.520'], ['A16.710'], ['G08.686.784.769.491'], ['C13.703.395.249'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['G08.686.707.408'], ['G08.686.784.769.498'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988'], ['D12.776.624.664.700'], ['G08.686.784.769.490.500'], ['A11.382.992', 'A16.254.500.766', 'A16.710.802']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Density-dependence vs. density-independence - linking reproductive allocation to population abundance and vegetation greenness.
|
1. Recent studies have shown that optimal reproductive allocation depends on both climatic conditions and population density. We tested this hypothesis using six years of demographic data from eight reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) populations coupled with data on population abundance and vegetation greenness [measured using the Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI)]. 2. Female spring body mass positively affected summer body mass gain, and lactating females were unable to compensate for harsh winters as efficiently as barren ones. Female spring body mass was highly sensitive to changes in population abundance and vegetation greenness and less dependent on previous autumn body mass and reproductive status. Lactating females were larger than barren females in the spring. Moreover, female autumn body mass was positively related to female autumn body mass and reproductive success and was not very sensitive to changes in vegetation greenness and population abundance. 3. Offspring autumn body mass was positively related to both maternal spring and autumn body mass, and as predicted from theory, offspring were more sensitive to changes in vegetation greenness and population abundance than adult females. A lagged cost of reproduction was present as larger females who were barren, the previous year produced larger offspring than equally sized females that successfully reproduced the previous year. 4. Reproductive success was negatively related to female autumn body mass and positively related to female spring body mass. Moreover, females who successfully reproduced the previous year experienced the highest reproductive success. The fact that negative density-dependence was only present for females that had successfully reproduced the previous year further support the hypothesis that reproduction is costly. 5. This study shows that female reindeer buffer their reproductive allocation according to expected winter conditions and that their buffering abilities were limited by population abundance and a lagged cost of reproduction and enhanced by vegetation greenness.
|
['Animals', 'Body Weight', 'Climate', 'Eating', 'Ecology', 'Female', 'Norway', 'Population Density', 'Reindeer', 'Reproduction', 'Seasons']
| 21,985,598
|
[['B01.050'], ['C23.888.144', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120', 'E05.041.124.160.750', 'G07.100.100.160.120', 'G07.345.249.314.120'], ['G16.500.275.071', 'N06.230.300.100.250'], ['G07.203.650.283', 'G10.261.330'], ['H01.158.273.248', 'H01.277.249'], ['Z01.542.816.374'], ['N01.224.600', 'N06.850.505.400.600'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.373.644'], ['G08.686.784'], ['G01.910.645.661', 'G16.500.275.071.590', 'N06.230.300.100.250.525']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
[Mediastinal infiltration in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia].
|
The clinical and haematological analysis is presented of six out of 68 cases of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in children. In these six cases mediastinal involvement was found. They accounted for 8.8% of all patients and all were boys aged over 4 years. In all these cases the course was dramatic, with high risk and with signs of poor prognosis: infiltration of organs, very high leucocyte counts. T-cell blasts. The evident clinical uniformity of the symptoms and laboratory similarity of these cases suggest that they should be isolated as a separate subgroup, and therapeutic failures observed as yet indicate the necessity of caution in prognosis.
|
['Adolescent', 'Age Factors', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Leukemia-Lymphoma, Adult T-Cell', 'Leukemic Infiltration', 'Male', 'Mediastinum', 'Prognosis', 'Sex Factors']
| 1,462,567
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['C04.557.337.428.580.100', 'C15.604.515.560.575.100', 'C20.683.515.528.582.100'], ['C04.697.645.500', 'C23.550.727.645.500'], ['A01.923.761.800.500'], ['E01.789'], ['N05.715.350.675', 'N06.850.490.875']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
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| 1
| 1
| 0
|
The effect of patient narratives on information search in a web-based breast cancer decision aid: an eye-tracking study.
|
BACKGROUND: Previous research has examined the impact of patient narratives on treatment choices, but to our knowledge, no study has examined the effect of narratives on information search. Further, no research has considered the relative impact of their format (text vs video) on health care decisions in a single study.OBJECTIVE: Our goal was to examine the impact of video and text-based narratives on information search in a Web-based patient decision aid for early stage breast cancer.METHODS: Fifty-six women were asked to imagine that they had been diagnosed with early stage breast cancer and needed to choose between two surgical treatments (lumpectomy with radiation or mastectomy). Participants were randomly assigned to view one of four versions of a Web decision aid. Two versions of the decision aid included videos of interviews with patients and physicians or videos of interviews with physicians only. To distinguish between the effect of narratives and the effect of videos, we created two text versions of the Web decision aid by replacing the patient and physician interviews with text transcripts of the videos. Participants could freely browse the Web decision aid until they developed a treatment preference. We recorded participants' eye movements using the Tobii 1750 eye-tracking system equipped with Tobii Studio software. A priori, we defined 24 areas of interest (AOIs) in the Web decision aid. These AOIs were either separate pages of the Web decision aid or sections within a single page covering different content.RESULTS: We used multilevel modeling to examine the effect of narrative presence, narrative format, and their interaction on information search. There was a significant main effect of condition, P=.02; participants viewing decision aids with patient narratives spent more time searching for information than participants viewing the decision aids without narratives. The main effect of format was not significant, P=.10. However, there was a significant condition by format interaction on fixation duration, P<.001. When comparing the two video decision aids, participants viewing the narrative version spent more time searching for information than participants viewing the control version of the decision aid. In contrast, participants viewing the narrative version of the text decision aid spent less time searching for information than participants viewing the control version of the text decision aid. Further, narratives appear to have a global effect on information search; these effects were not limited to specific sections of the decision aid that contained topics discussed in the patient stories.CONCLUSIONS: The observed increase in fixation duration with video patient testimonials is consistent with the idea that the vividness of the video content could cause greater elaboration of the message, thereby encouraging greater information search. Conversely, because reading requires more effortful processing than watching, reading patient narratives may have decreased participant motivation to engage in more reading in the remaining sections of the Web decision aid. These findings suggest that the format of patient stories may be equally as important as their content in determining their effect on decision making. More research is needed to understand why differences in format result in fundamental differences in information search.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Breast Neoplasms', 'Decision Making', 'Decision Support Techniques', 'Eye Movements', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Information Seeking Behavior', 'Internet', 'Middle Aged', 'Patient Participation', 'Telemedicine', 'Video Recording']
| 24,345,424
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C04.588.180', 'C17.800.090.500'], ['F02.463.785.373'], ['E05.245', 'L01.313.500.750.190'], ['G11.427.410.140', 'G14.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.145.209.372', 'F01.145.535', 'L01.143.458'], ['L01.224.230.110.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['F01.100.150.750.500.620', 'F01.145.488.887.500.620', 'N02.421.143.212.300', 'N03.540.245.360.300', 'N05.300.150.800.500.620'], ['H02.403.840', 'L01.178.847.652', 'N04.590.374.800'], ['L01.280.960']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Hip toggle stabilization using the TightRope® system in 17 dogs: technique and long-term outcome.
|
OBJECTIVE: To describe the technique for, and long-term clinical outcome of, a modified hip toggle stabilization using the TightRope® system for coxofemoral luxation repair.STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective case series.METHODS: Medical records (July 2008-July 2010) including radiographs (17 limbs) of dogs that had coxofemoral luxation repaired with the TightRope system were reviewed. Follow-up (?12 months) was obtained by telephone interview of owners. Six dogs were available for re-evaluation, radiographs, and objective gait analysis.RESULTS: Follow-up (mean, 24 months; range, 12-43 months) by telephone interview was available for 17 dogs. Of these, 6 dogs were re-evaluated (mean, 7.5 months; median 12.5 months: range, 4-24 months) and had gait analysis. Mean duration of luxation before surgical intervention was 7.5 days (median, 7 days; range, 2-44 days). There was a single case of relaxation 27 months postoperatively. One dog died from non-surgical related circumstances. Objective gait analysis showed equal pelvic limb use in all 6 dogs available for re-evaluation. All owners of living dogs reported limb function as being good to excellent, and perceived that their dogs were pain free. Radiographs (mean, 7.5 months; median, 12.5 months; range, 4-24 months post surgery) of 6 dogs showed no progression of osteoarthritis in comparison to immediate postoperative radiographs.CONCLUSIONS: Hip toggle with the TightRope system as a prosthetic ligament of the head of the femur produces a favorable clinical outcome with high owner acceptance.
|
['Animals', 'Coccyx', 'Dogs', 'External Fixators', 'Female', 'Femur', 'Gait', 'Hip Dislocation', 'Male', 'Radiography', 'Range of Motion, Articular', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 24,708,485
|
[['B01.050'], ['A02.835.232.834.229'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.250.216.200'], ['E07.858.442.660.430', 'E07.858.690.725.430'], ['A02.835.232.043.150'], ['E01.370.600.250', 'G11.427.410.568.900.750'], ['C05.550.518.384', 'C26.289.384', 'C26.531.500'], ['E01.370.350.700'], ['E01.370.600.700', 'G11.427.760'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Simultaneous determination of four designer drugs and their major metabolites by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.
|
A sensitive liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-ion trap mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-ITMS) method was utilized for the simultaneous analysis of four designer drugs and their in vitro metabolites in rat liver microsome S9 fraction. Four designer drugs, including methcathinone (MC), 3,4-methylenedioxymethcathinone (MDMC), 3,4-methylenedioxy-pyrovalerone (MDPV) and 4'-methyl-á-pyrrolidinopropiophenone (MPPP), were individually incubated with rat liver microsome S9 fraction, and the incubation mixtures were pooled together and analyzed by LC-ESI-ITMS simultaneously. Besides four designer drugs, five of their main metabolites were identified via the analysis of protonated molecules and tandem mass spectrometry data. Meanwhile, the quantification analysis of four designer drugs in rat liver microsome S9 fraction was performed, the calibration curves showed good linearity in the range of 0.01-5.0ìg/mL and the detection limits were below 0.03ìg/mL with RSDs less than 5.9% and recovery ratios above 77.4%. The experimental results not only showed that these designer drugs could be easily metabolized in rat liver microsome, and also displayed the superiorities of the method including time and cost saving, high efficiency, sensitivity and selectivity. The studies in this study indicated that the approach could be applied in the determination of illicit drugs and their metabolites in medical, pharmaceutical and forensic investigations.
|
['Animals', 'Chromatography, Liquid', 'Designer Drugs', 'Humans', 'Limit of Detection', 'Linear Models', 'Male', 'Microsomes, Liver', 'Powders', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization', 'Substance Abuse Detection']
| 25,939,091
|
[['B01.050'], ['E05.196.181.400'], ['D26.909.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.740.872.374', 'N05.715.360.750.725.500', 'N06.850.520.830.872.500'], ['E05.318.740.500.500', 'E05.318.740.750.425', 'E05.599.835.750', 'N05.715.360.750.530.460', 'N05.715.360.750.695.460', 'N06.850.520.830.500.500', 'N06.850.520.830.750.425'], ['A11.284.835.540.541'], ['D26.255.779'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['E05.196.566.600'], ['E05.885', 'N06.850.780.500.765']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Factors affecting food intake of women with Alzheimer's type dementia in long-term care.
|
This study assessed the nutrient intake and problems associated with the feeding of individuals who have advanced senile dementia of the Alzheimer's type (SDAT). The sample consisted of 19 non-ambulatory women, ranging in age from 67 to 105 years, with documented SDAT, who reside in a long-term-care facility. Dietary intake was recorded, and feeding practices were observed for a 3-day period. The mean daily energy intake was 1,558 kcal, with a mean protein intake of 65 gm during the study. Nutritional supplements, consisting of fortified beverages and/or puddings, provided 29% of the calories and 41.5% of the protein intake while contributing considerable amounts of vitamins and minerals. Maintenance of optimal caloric and protein intake is difficult for advanced SDAT patients who are at high risk for infection and skin breakdown related to poor swallowing ability, incontinence, and immobility. Four major factors emerged that promoted optimal intake: using skillful feeding techniques, selecting appropriate food consistency, providing adequate time in which to feed, and capitalizing on the midday meal when cognitive abilities were at their peak.
|
['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Alzheimer Disease', 'Data Collection', 'Diet', 'Eating', 'Energy Intake', 'Female', 'Food, Fortified', 'Humans', 'Long-Term Care', 'Pilot Projects']
| 2,512,336
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['C10.228.140.380.100', 'C10.574.945.249', 'F03.615.400.100'], ['E05.318.308', 'L01.399.250', 'N05.715.360.300', 'N06.850.520.308'], ['G07.203.650.240'], ['G07.203.650.283', 'G10.261.330'], ['G07.203.650.240.340'], ['G07.203.300.515', 'J02.500.515'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.760.476', 'N02.421.585.476'], ['E05.318.372.750', 'E05.337.737', 'N05.715.360.330.720', 'N06.850.520.450.720']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Oxygen vacancies versus fluorine at CeO2(111): a case of mistaken identity?
|
We propose a resolution to the puzzle presented by the surface defects observed with STM at the (111) surface facet of CeO 2 single crystals. In the seminal paper of Esch et al. [Science 309, 752 (2005)] they were identified with oxygen vacancies, but the observed behavior of these defects is inconsistent with the results of density functional theory (DFT) studies of oxygen vacancies in the literature. We resolve these inconsistencies via DFT calculations of the properties of both oxygen vacancies and fluorine impurities at CeO2(111), the latter having recently been shown to exist in high concentrations in single crystals from a widely used commercial source of such samples. We find that the simulated filled-state STM images of surface-layer oxygen vacancies and fluorine impurities are essentially identical, which would render problematic their experimental distinction by such images alone. However, we find that our theoretical results for the most stable location, mobility, and tendency to cluster, of fluorine impurities are consistent with experimental observations, in contrast to those for oxygen vacancies. Based on these results, we propose that the surface defects observed in STM experiments on CeO2 single crystals reported heretofore were not oxygen vacancies, but fluorine impurities. Since the similarity of the simulated STM images of the two defects is due primarily to the relative energies of the 2p states of oxygen and fluorine ions, this confusion might also occur for other oxides which have been either doped or contaminated with fluorine.
|
['Cerium', 'Crystallization', 'Fluorine', 'Microscopy, Electron, Scanning Transmission', 'Models, Molecular', 'Oxygen', 'Surface Properties']
| 24,785,057
|
[['D01.268.558.362.249', 'D01.552.550.399.249'], ['E05.196.300', 'G02.171'], ['D01.268.380.300'], ['E01.370.350.515.402.580.480', 'E05.595.402.580.480'], ['E05.599.595'], ['D01.268.185.550', 'D01.362.670'], ['G02.860']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Identification of novel antibacterial peptides by chemoinformatics and machine learning.
|
The rise of antibiotic resistant pathogens is one of the most pressing global health issues. Discovery of new classes of antibiotics has not kept pace; new agents often suffer from cross-resistance to existing agents of similar structure. Short, cationic peptides with antimicrobial activity are essential to the host defenses of many organisms and represent a promising new class of antimicrobials. This paper reports the successful in silico screening for potent antibiotic peptides using a combination of QSAR and machine learning techniques. On the basis of initial high-throughput measurements of activity of over 1400 random peptides, artificial neural network models were built using QSAR descriptors and subsequently used to screen an in silico library of approximately 100,000 peptides. In vitro validation of the modeling showed 94% accuracy in identifying highly active peptides. The best peptides identified through screening were found to have activities comparable or superior to those of four conventional antibiotics and superior to the peptide most advanced in clinical development against a broad array of multiresistant human pathogens.
|
['Anti-Bacterial Agents', 'Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides', 'Artificial Intelligence', 'Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial', 'Enterobacter cloacae', 'Enterococcus', 'Escherichia coli', 'Klebsiella pneumoniae', 'Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus', 'Microbial Sensitivity Tests', 'Models, Molecular', 'Neural Networks, Computer', 'Pseudomonas', 'Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship']
| 19,296,598
|
[['D27.505.954.122.085'], ['D12.644.050', 'D12.776.543.695.054'], ['G17.035.250', 'L01.224.050.375'], ['G06.099.225.812', 'G06.225.347.812', 'G07.690.773.984.269.347.812', 'G07.690.773.984.300.500'], ['B03.440.450.425.275.200', 'B03.660.250.150.170.100'], ['B03.353.750.250.250', 'B03.510.550.250.250'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['B03.440.450.425.425.600', 'B03.660.250.150.400.590'], ['B03.300.390.400.800.750.100.500', 'B03.353.500.750.750.100.500', 'B03.510.100.750.750.100.500', 'B03.510.400.790.750.100.500'], ['E01.370.225.875.595', 'E05.200.875.595', 'E05.337.550.400'], ['E05.599.595'], ['G17.485', 'L01.224.050.375.605'], ['B03.440.400.425.625.625', 'B03.660.250.580.590'], ['G02.111.830.500', 'G07.690.773.997.500']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Apigenin isolated from the seeds of Perilla frutescens britton var crispa (Benth.) inhibits food intake in C57BL/6J mice.
|
Energy balance is monitored by the hypothalamus, which responds to peripheral signals by releasing neuropeptides that regulate energy intake and expenditure. In this study, we constructed pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) and "cocaine and amphetamine-related transcript" (CART) promoter-driven luciferase plasmids and transformed them permanently into both N29-2 neuronal cells and human SHSY5Y cells. Using reporter gene assays, we identified apigenin from the seeds of Perilla frutescens Britton var crispa (Benth.) using activity-guided fractionation. The 50% promoting concentrations (EC₅₀) of apigenin on POMC and CART were 0.93 ìM and 0.67 ìM, respectively, in N29-2 cells, without significant cytotoxic effects. Shortterm food intake was decreased in C57BL/6J mice after an intraperitoneal injection of apigenin (10 mg/kg; p < 0.05). Food intake and body weight gain for 30 days were also reduced slightly in mice fed a high-fat diet containing apigenin (0.05%, w/w; p < 0.05). These results indicate that apigenin increased POMC and CART gene expression in neuronal cells and significantly reduced food intake in C57BL/6 mice, which may be related to the anorexigenic neuropeptides POMC and CART.
|
['Animals', 'Apigenin', 'Eating', 'Humans', 'Hypothalamus', 'Luciferases', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Nerve Tissue Proteins', 'Neuropeptides', 'Obesity', 'Perilla frutescens', 'Pro-Opiomelanocortin', 'Seeds', 'Weight Gain']
| 21,116,776
|
[['B01.050'], ['D03.383.663.283.266.450.260.110', 'D03.633.100.150.266.450.260.110'], ['G07.203.650.283', 'G10.261.330'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A08.186.211.180.497', 'A08.186.211.200.317.357'], ['D08.811.682.517', 'D12.776.532.510'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['D12.776.631'], ['D12.644.400', 'D12.776.631.650'], ['C18.654.726.500', 'C23.888.144.699.500', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120.699.500', 'G07.100.100.160.120.699.500'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.583.520.743.500'], ['D06.472.699.327.935', 'D06.472.699.631.525.600', 'D12.644.400.400.935', 'D12.644.548.365.935', 'D12.644.548.691.525.690', 'D12.776.631.650.405.935', 'D12.776.811.800'], ['A18.024.500.750', 'G07.203.300.775', 'J02.500.775'], ['C23.888.144.243.926', 'G07.345.249.314.120.200.926']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Kidneys extract BNP and NT-proBNP in healthy young men.
|
Renal metabolism of the cardiac marker NH2-terminal-pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) has been suggested. Therefore, we determined the renal extraction ratios of NT-proBNP and its bioactive coproduct brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) at rest and during exercise. In addition, the cerebral ratios were evaluated. Ten young healthy men were investigated at baseline, during moderate cycle exercise (heart rate: 140, Borg scale: 14-15), and in the recovery with BNP and NT-proBNP measured from the brachial artery and the jugular and renal veins, and the renal and cerebral extraction ratios (Ext-Ren and Ext-Cer, respectively) were calculated. Cardiac output, stroke volume, heart rate, mean arterial pressures, and estimated glomerular filtration were determined. BNP and NT-proBNP were extracted by the kidneys but not by the brain. We observed no effect of exercise. The mean values (+/- SE) of Ext-Ren of NT-proBNP were similar (0.19 +/- 0.05, 0.21 +/- 0.06, and 0.12 +/- 0.03, respectively) during the three sessions (P > 0.05). Also the Ext-Ren of BNP were similar (0.18 +/- 0.07, 0.15 +/- 0.11, and 0.14 +/- 0.06, respectively; P > 0.05). There were no significant differences between Ext-Ren of BNP and NT-proBNP during the three sessions (P > 0.05). The Ext-Cer of both peptides varied insignificantly between -0.21 +/- 0.15 and 0.11 +/- 0.08. The renal extraction ratio of both BNP and NT-proBNP is approximately 0.15-0.20. There is no cerebral extraction, and short-term moderate exercise does not affect these values. Our findings suggest that the kidneys extract BNP and NT-proBNP to a similar extent in healthy young men.
|
['Adult', 'Blood Pressure', 'Brain', 'Exercise', 'Glomerular Filtration Rate', 'Heart Rate', 'Humans', 'Kidney', 'Male', 'Natriuretic Peptide, Brain', 'Peptide Fragments', 'Protein Precursors', 'Stroke Volume']
| 16,037,399
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E01.370.600.875.249', 'G09.330.380.076'], ['A08.186.211'], ['G11.427.410.698.277', 'I03.350'], ['E01.370.390.400.300', 'G08.852.357'], ['E01.370.600.875.500', 'G09.330.380.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A05.810.453'], ['D06.472.699.584.625', 'D12.644.548.585.625', 'D12.776.631.590'], ['D12.644.541'], ['D12.776.811'], ['E01.370.370.380.150.700', 'G09.330.380.124.882']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Protein-polymer conjugation via ligand affinity and photoactivation of glutathione S-transferase.
|
A photoactivated, site-selective conjugation of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) to the glutathione (GSH) binding pocket of glutathione S-transferase (GST) is described. To achieve this, a GSH analogue (GSH-BP) was designed and chemically synthesized with three functionalities: (1) the binding affinity of GSH to GST, (2) a free thiol for polymer functionalization, and (3) a photoreactive benzophenone (BP) component. Different molecular weights (2 kDa, 5 kDa, and 20 kDa) of GSH-BP modified PEGs (GSBP-PEGs) were synthesized and showed conjugation efficiencies between 52% and 76% to GST. Diazirine (DA) PEG were also prepared but gave conjugation yields lower than for GSBP-PEGs. PEGs with different end-groups were also synthesized to validate the importance of each component in the end-group design. End-groups included glutathione (GS-PEG) and benzophenone (BP-PEG). Results showed that both GSH and BP were crucial for successful conjugation to GST. In addition, conjugations of 5 kDa GSBP-PEG to different proteins were investigated, including bovine serum albumin (BSA), lysozyme (Lyz), ubiquitin (Ubq), and GST-fused ubiquitin (GST-Ubq) to ensure specific binding to GST. By combining noncovalent and covalent interactions, we have developed a new phototriggered protein-polymer conjugation method that is generally applicable to GST-fusion proteins.
|
['Animals', 'Benzophenones', 'Glutathione', 'Glutathione Transferase', 'Horses', 'Ligands', 'Light', 'Polyethylene Glycols']
| 25,315,970
|
[['B01.050'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.134', 'D02.522.223'], ['D12.644.456.448'], ['D08.811.913.225.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.984.235.472'], ['D27.720.470.480'], ['G01.358.500.505.650', 'G01.590.540', 'G01.750.250.650', 'G01.750.770.578'], ['D02.033.455.250.700', 'D05.750.741', 'D25.720.741', 'J01.637.051.720.741']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Variants in the HEPSIN gene are associated with prostate cancer in men of European origin.
|
There is considerable evidence that genetic factors are involved in prostate cancer susceptibility. We have studied the association of 11 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the HEPSIN gene (HPN) with prostate cancer in men of European ancestry. HPN is a likely candidate in prostate cancer susceptibility, as it encodes a transmembrane cell surface serum protease, which is overexpressed in prostate cancer; HPN is also located on 19q11-q13.2, where linkage is found with prostate cancer susceptibility. In this case-control association study (590 men with histologically verified prostate cancer and 576 unrelated controls, all of European descent), we find significant allele frequency differences between cases and controls at five SNPs that are located contiguously within the gene. A major 11-locus haplotype is significantly associated, which provides further support that HPN is a potentially important candidate gene involved in prostate cancer susceptibility. Association of one of the SNPs with Gleason score is also suggestive of a plausible role of HPN in tumor aggressiveness.
|
['Case-Control Studies', 'European Continental Ancestry Group', 'Gene Frequency', 'Genetic Predisposition to Disease', 'Haplotypes', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide', 'Prostatic Neoplasms', 'Serine Endopeptidases']
| 16,783,571
|
[['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['M01.686.508.400'], ['G05.330'], ['C23.550.291.687.500', 'G05.380.355'], ['G05.380.360'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G05.365.795.598'], ['C04.588.945.440.770', 'C12.294.260.750', 'C12.294.565.625', 'C12.758.409.750'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.760', 'D08.811.277.656.959.350']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Some principles of organization of spinal neurons underlying locomotion in zebrafish and their implications.
|
Recent studies of the spinal motor system of zebrafish, along with work in other species, are leading to some principles that appear to underlie the organization and recruitment of motor networks in cord: (1) broad neuronal classes defined by a set of transcription factors, key morphological features, and transmitter phenotypes arise in an orderly way from different dorso-ventral zones in spinal cord; (2) motor behaviors and both motoneurons and interneurons differentiate in order from gross, often faster, movements and the neurons driving them to progressively slower movements and their underlying neurons; (3) recruitment order of motoneurons and interneurons is based upon time of differentiation; (4) different locomotor speeds involve some shifts in the set of active interneurons. Here we review these principles and some of their implications for other parts of the brain, other vertebrates, and limbed locomotion.
|
['Animals', 'Cell Differentiation', 'Chickens', 'Electrophysiology', 'Interneurons', 'Locomotion', 'Mice', 'Motor Activity', 'Motor Neurons', 'Nerve Net', 'Neurons', 'Ranidae', 'Species Specificity', 'Spinal Cord', 'Swimming', 'Synaptic Transmission', 'Zebrafish']
| 20,536,924
|
[['B01.050'], ['G04.152'], ['B01.050.150.900.248.350.150', 'B01.050.150.900.248.690.192'], ['H01.158.344.528', 'H01.158.782.236'], ['A08.675.358', 'A11.671.358'], ['G07.568.500', 'G11.427.410.568'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['F01.145.632', 'G11.427.410.698'], ['A08.675.655.500', 'A11.671.655.500'], ['A08.511'], ['A08.675', 'A11.671'], ['B01.050.150.900.090.180.708'], ['G16.824'], ['A08.186.854'], ['G11.427.410.568.800', 'G11.427.410.698.277.875', 'I03.350.875', 'I03.450.642.845.945.500'], ['G02.111.820.850', 'G04.835.850', 'G07.265.880', 'G11.561.830'], ['B01.050.150.900.493.200.244.828']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Control of nitrogenase reactivation by the GlnZ protein in Azospirillum brasilense.
|
The glnZ mutant of Azospirillum brasilense (strain 7611) showed only partial recovery (20 to 40%) after 80 min of ammonia-induced nitrogenase switch-off, whereas the wild type recovered totally within 10 min. In contrast, the two strains showed identical anoxic-induced switch-on/switch-off, indicating no cross talk between the two reactivation mechanisms.
|
['Ammonia', 'Anaerobiosis', 'Azospirillum brasilense', 'Bacterial Proteins', 'Mutation', 'Nitrogenase', 'Time Factors']
| 11,673,445
|
[['D01.362.075', 'D01.625.050'], ['G02.111.062', 'G03.078'], ['B03.440.400.425.708.100.020', 'B03.585.120', 'B03.660.050.755.750.100.020'], ['D12.776.097'], ['G05.365.590'], ['D08.811.682.647'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Comparative Study of the Composition of Sweat from Eccrine and Apocrine Sweat Glands during Exercise and in Heat.
|
This preliminarily study was made to examine the differences in sweat excretions from human eccrine and apocrine sweat glands in dynamic exercise and heat conditions. Sweat samples were collected from six young males while they were either running on a treadmill or sitting in a sauna cabinet. Sweat samples of at least 5 mL from the eccrine (upper-back) and apocrine (armpit) sweat glands were collected during a 20-min running (or inactive overheating) period. The samples were then analyzed for urea, uric acid, and electrolyte (Na+, Cl-, and K+) excretions. The results from a two-way repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that the secretions of urea and K+ were significantly higher during running than during inactive overheating for both glands, as were Na+ secretions for the apocrine glands (all P < 0.05). Under the same sweating conditions, urea and K+ excretions from the apocrine glands were also higher than those from the eccrine glands (all P < 0.05). Significant differences were observed between the Na+ secretions of the apocrine and eccrine glands under the running condition. The effects of various sweating methods and sweat glands on Cl- secretions were nonsignificant, and little uric acid was excreted. A higher urea excretion level during running rather than in hot conditions could be attributed to an elevated metabolic rate.
|
['Apocrine Glands', 'Eccrine Glands', 'Exercise', 'Hot Temperature', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Sweat', 'Sweat Glands', 'Sweating', 'Young Adult']
| 32,408,694
|
[['A10.336.899.206', 'A17.815.830.206'], ['A10.336.899.480', 'A17.815.830.480'], ['G11.427.410.698.277', 'I03.350'], ['G01.906.595.543', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710.380', 'G16.500.750.775.710.380', 'N06.230.300.100.725.232', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A12.200.849'], ['A10.336.899', 'A17.815.830'], ['G07.110.232.693', 'G07.410.421.693', 'G13.750.860', 'G16.012.500.535.693'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
A comparative study of the asparagine-linked oligosaccharides on siglec-5, siglec-7 and siglec-8, expressed in a CHO cell line, and their contribution to ligand recognition.
|
The siglecs (sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectins) mediate sialic acid-dependent cellular interactions and may in some cases signal through SH2-binding domains. In addition to the previously characterized siglecs, sialoadhesin, CD22, CD33 and myelin-associated glycoprotein, several new ones, siglec-5, siglec-7 and siglec-8, have recently been cloned. Although these novel receptors have generated considerable interest as therapeutic targets because of their expression pattern on immune cells, very little is known about how their lectin activity is regulated. Previous studies with sialoadhesin, CD22 and CD33 have shown that siglec glycosylation has significant effects on binding. To determine any differences in the glycan composition of siglec-5, siglec-7 and siglec-8 that may modify their function, we released and characterized the N-linked oligosaccharide distribution in these three glycoproteins. The glycan pools from siglec-5 and siglec-7 contained a larger proportion of sialylated and core-fucosylated biantennary, triantennary and tetra-antennary oligosaccharides, whereas the carbohydrate mixture released from siglec-8 is noticeably less sialylated and is more abundant in 'high-mannose'-type glycans. In addition, we show that, in contrast with CD22 and CD33, mutating the conserved potentially N-linked glycosylation site in the first domain has no effect on binding mediated by siglec-5 or siglec-7.
|
['Amino Acid Motifs', 'Amino Acid Sequence', 'Animals', 'Antigens, CD', 'Antigens, Differentiation, B-Lymphocyte', 'Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic', 'Asparagine', 'CHO Cells', 'Carbohydrate Conformation', 'Carbohydrate Sequence', 'Cell Line', 'Cricetinae', 'Erythrocytes', 'Glycosylation', 'Humans', 'Lectins', 'Ligands', 'Mass Spectrometry', 'Membrane Glycoproteins', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Mutagenesis, Site-Directed', 'N-Acetylneuraminic Acid', 'Neuraminidase', 'Oligosaccharides', 'Protein Binding', 'Sequence Alignment', 'alpha-L-Fucosidase']
| 11,231,274
|
[['G02.111.570.820.709.275.500', 'G02.111.570.820.709.600.500'], ['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['B01.050'], ['D23.050.301.264.035', 'D23.101.100.110'], ['D23.050.301.264.051', 'D23.101.100.150'], ['D23.050.301.264.900', 'D23.101.100.900'], ['D12.125.068.060', 'D12.125.095.165', 'D12.125.154.049'], ['A11.251.210.200', 'A11.436.155'], ['G02.111.570.820.235'], ['G02.111.570.160', 'L01.453.245.667.160'], ['A11.251.210'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.075.250'], ['A11.118.290', 'A11.443.240', 'A15.145.229.334'], ['G02.111.158.812', 'G02.607.299', 'G03.191.812'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.503'], ['D27.720.470.480'], ['E05.196.566'], ['D12.776.395.550', 'D12.776.543.550'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['E05.393.420.601.575'], ['D02.241.081.844.562.668.050', 'D02.241.511.902.562.668.050', 'D09.067.687.668.030', 'D09.811.589.668.030'], ['D08.811.277.450.692'], ['D09.698.629'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808'], ['E05.393.751'], ['D08.811.277.450.050']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Optimization of adaptive designs: efficiency evaluation.
|
The rising cost of clinical trials is impeding the development of new drugs. There is an acute need for critical evaluation and innovate thinking while designing the trial. Adaptive design has been repeatedly called upon in the last decade as one of the prescriptions for this intricate problem. From a pure statistical perspective, the adaptive design framework depends heavily on the appropriate selection of the type of test statistics and stopping boundaries. There are several methods proposed in the literature, based on different test statistics and stopping boundaries. All of these methods are rigorous in controlling type I error. In this paper, we group combination p-value methods into major categories along with their stopping boundaries. We review and compare these methods based on their operating characteristics, including average sample size and maximum sample size under null and alternative hypothesis, power, and early stopping probabilities. The optimal interim analysis timing and alpha spending function were used as the independent factors for this assessment. We propose an evaluation matrix and establish a framework to assess the most efficient design in order to assist in "one stop shopping."
|
['Algorithms', 'Clinical Trials as Topic', 'Computer Simulation', 'Data Interpretation, Statistical', 'Decision Making', 'Humans', 'Models, Statistical', 'Probability', 'Research Design', 'Sample Size']
| 22,651,106
|
[['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['E05.318.372.250.250', 'N05.715.360.330.250.250', 'N06.850.520.450.250.250'], ['L01.224.160'], ['E05.245.380', 'E05.318.740.300', 'L01.313.500.750.190.380', 'N05.715.360.750.300', 'N06.850.520.830.300'], ['F02.463.785.373'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.740.500', 'E05.599.835', 'N05.715.360.750.530', 'N06.850.520.830.500'], ['E05.318.740.600', 'G17.680', 'N05.715.360.750.625', 'N06.850.520.830.600'], ['E05.581.500', 'H01.770.644.728'], ['E05.318.370.762', 'E05.581.500.902', 'N05.715.360.325.692', 'N06.850.520.445.762']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
The fine structure of intra-erythrocytic stages of Babesia bigemina.
|
The electron microscope was used to study the structure of merozoites, merozoites in the process of transformation to trophozoites, trophozoites, and the method of multiplication of B. bigemina. The merozoites were piriform in shape and surrounded by 3 peripheral membranes of which the 2 inner ones often appeared as a single thick osmiophilic structure (inner membrane). Anterior and posterior polar rings, microtubules, micronemes, rhoptries and mitochondria with and without tubular cristae were discernible. A single large unidentified spherical body was present in most of the mature merozoites. After penetration of an erythrocyte, merozoites developed into trophozoites through a transformation process which involved the loss of the inner membrane of the pellicle, rhoptries, most of the micronemes and the spherical body. The trophozoites were surrounded by a single membrane, were pleomorphic in shape and contained large inclusions of host cell cytoplasm, but no cytostomes or food vacuoles could be identified. Reproduction took place through a process resembling schizogony resulting in the production of 2 merozoites, the cytoplasmic constituents of the original trophozoite (mother cell) being virtually entirely incorporated into the daughter cells in the process. None of the parasites were contained in parasitophorous vacuoles.
|
['Animals', 'Babesia', 'Babesiosis', 'Cattle', 'Cattle Diseases', 'Erythrocytes', 'Male', 'Microscopy, Electron']
| 614,533
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.043.075.600.580.070'], ['C01.610.701.688.122', 'C01.610.752.075', 'C01.610.752.625.122', 'C01.920.930.182', 'C22.674.710.122'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['C22.196'], ['A11.118.290', 'A11.443.240', 'A15.145.229.334'], ['E01.370.350.515.402', 'E05.595.402']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Molecular hydrogen messengers can lead to structural infidelity: A cautionary tale of protonated glycine.
|
The effects of tagging protonated glycine with either He or between 1 and 14 H2 molecules on the infrared photodissociation spectra and the ion structure were investigated. Differences in the IR spectra with either a single He atom or H2 molecule attached indicate that even a single H2 molecule can affect the frequencies of some vibrational bands of this simple ion. The protonation site is the preferred location of the tag with He and with up to two H2 molecules, but evidence for H2 attachment to the hydrogen atom of the uncharged carboxylic acid is observed for ions tagged with three or more H2 molecules. This results in a 55 cm(-1) red shift in the carboxylic acid OH stretch, and evidence for some structural isomers where the hydrogen bond between the protonated nitrogen and the carbonyl oxygen is partially broken; as a result H2 molecules attached to this site are observed. These results are supported by theory, which indicates that H2 molecules can effectively break this weak hydrogen bond with three or more H2 molecules. These results indicate that large spectral shifts as a result of H2 molecules attaching to sites remote from the charge can occur and affect stretching frequencies as a result of charge transfer, and that tagging with multiple H2 molecules can change the structure of the ion itself.
|
['Glycine', 'Helium', 'Hydrogen', 'Hydrogen Bonding', 'Mass Spectrometry', 'Protons', 'Spectrophotometry, Infrared']
| 26,374,041
|
[['D12.125.481'], ['D01.268.613.350', 'D01.362.641.352'], ['D01.268.406', 'D01.362.340'], ['G02.282'], ['E05.196.566'], ['D01.248.497.300.459.700', 'D01.268.406.750', 'D01.362.340.750', 'G01.249.660.500'], ['E05.196.712.726.676', 'E05.196.867.826.676']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Formaldehyde assay by capacitance versus voltage and impedance measurements using bi-layer bio-recognition membrane.
|
A novel formaldehyde sensitive biosensor based on bacterial formaldehyde dehydrogenase (FDH) as a bio-recognition element has been developed. The bio-recognition membrane had bi-layer architecture and consisted of FDH, cross-linked with albumin, and of the cofactor NAD at a high concentration level (first layer). The second layer was a negatively charged Nafion membrane, which prevented a leakage of negatively charged NAD molecules from the bio-membrane. As transducers, gold electrodes SiO(2)/Si/SiO(2)/Ti/Au and electrolyte-insulator-semiconductor Si/SiO(2) (EIS) structures have been used. Changes in capacitance and impedance properties of the bio-recognition membrane have been used for monitoring formaldehyde concentration in a bulk solution. It has been shown that formaldehyde can be detected within a concentration range from 1 microM to 20mM depending on the type of transduction used, with a detection limit of 1 and 100 microM for gold-based and EIS-based transducers, respectively.
|
['Aldehyde Oxidoreductases', 'Biosensing Techniques', 'Electric Capacitance', 'Electric Impedance', 'Electrochemistry', 'Electromagnetic Fields', 'Environmental Monitoring', 'Enzymes, Immobilized', 'Fluorocarbon Polymers', 'Formaldehyde', 'Materials Testing', 'Membranes, Artificial', 'NAD', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Water Pollutants, Chemical']
| 16,516,460
|
[['D08.811.682.657.163'], ['E05.601.043'], ['G01.358.500.249.270'], ['G01.358.500.249.277.350'], ['H01.181.529.307'], ['G01.358.500.260', 'G01.358.750.500'], ['N06.850.460.350.080', 'N06.850.780.375'], ['D08.811.180', 'D12.776.463.500'], ['D05.750.395', 'D25.720.395', 'J01.637.051.720.395'], ['D02.047.407'], ['E05.570'], ['D25.479', 'J01.637.051.479', 'J01.637.087.500'], ['D03.633.100.759.646.138.694', 'D08.211.589', 'D13.695.667.138.694', 'D13.695.827.068.694'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['D27.888.284.903.655']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Neural signatures of betrayal aversion: an fMRI study of trust.
|
Decisions are said to be 'risky' when they are made in environments with uncertainty caused by nature. By contrast, a decision is said to be 'trusting' when its outcome depends on the uncertain decisions of another person. A rapidly expanding literature reveals economically important differences between risky and trusting decisions, and further suggests these differences are due to 'betrayal aversion'. While its neural foundations have not been previously illuminated, the prevailing hypothesis is that betrayal aversion stems from a desire to avoid negative emotions that arise from learning one's trust was betrayed. Here, we provide evidence from an fMRI study that supports this hypothesis. In particular, our data indicate that the anterior insula modulates trusting decisions that involve the possibility of betrayal.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Affect', 'Brain', 'Cerebral Cortex', 'Decision Making', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Interpersonal Relations', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Social Behavior', 'Trust', 'Uncertainty', 'Young Adult']
| 24,648,217
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['F01.470.047'], ['A08.186.211'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500'], ['F02.463.785.373'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.829.401'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['F01.145.813'], ['F01.829.401.825'], ['E05.318.740.600.900', 'F02.463.785.373.820', 'G17.680.875', 'N05.715.360.750.625.850', 'N06.850.520.830.600.900'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Genetic and phenotypic analysis of a large (122-member) protein S-deficient kindred provides an explanation for the familial coexistence of type I and type III plasma phenotypes.
|
Protein S deficiency is a known risk factor for thrombosis. The coexistence of phenotypic type I (reduction in total and free antigen) and type III (reduction in free antigen only) protein S deficiencies in 14 of 18 families was recently reported. We investigated the cause of this phenotypic variation in the largest of these families (122 family members, including 44 affected individuals) using both molecular genetic and phenotypic analysis. We have identified a sole causative mutation (Gly295Val) in three family members representative of the variable phenotype. Complete cosegregation of the mutation with reduced free protein S antigen levels was found, regardless of the total antigen level. Analysis of phenotypic data showed high correlations between total protein S antigen and age in both normal and protein S-deficient family members, irrespective of gender. Free protein S antigen levels were not influenced by age, a finding explained by an association between beta-chain containing C4b-binding protein (C4bBP-beta+) antigen levels and age. We propose that the identified Gly295Val mutation causes quantitative, or type I, protein S deficiency, and that as age increases the total protein S antigen level normalizes with respect to the reference plasma pool, giving rise to a type III protein S-deficient phenotype.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aging', 'Complement Inactivator Proteins', 'Disease Susceptibility', 'Female', 'Genotype', 'Glycoproteins', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Pedigree', 'Phenotype', 'Point Mutation', 'Protein S', 'Protein S Deficiency', 'Receptors, Complement', 'Risk Factors', 'Thrombosis']
| 9,192,759
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['G07.345.124'], ['D12.776.124.486.274.920'], ['C23.550.291.687', 'G07.100.250'], ['G05.380'], ['D09.400.430', 'D12.776.395'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.393.673'], ['G05.695'], ['G05.365.590.675'], ['D12.776.124.670', 'D12.776.395.642', 'D23.113.725'], ['C15.378.100.800', 'C15.378.147.890', 'C15.378.925.800'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.833'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['C14.907.355.830']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
[Study on the compound Fritilaria thunbergii Miq particles to the subcellular accumulation ability and inducing apoptosis of K562/A02 cells].
|
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of the Compound Fritillaria thunbergii Miq Particles (CFMP) to the sub-cellular accumulation ability and inducing the apoptosis of K562/A02 cells, explore the mechanism of the CFMP reserve the multi-drug resistance of K562/A02 cells.METHODS: Forty Wistar male rats were divided into the blank-serum group, the adriamycin (ADR) containing serum group, the CFMP high dose [8 g/ (kg x d)] group, the CFMP medium dose [4 g/(kg x d)] and the CFMP low dose [2 g/(kg x d)] group. The effects of different time of drug contained serum on sub-cellular accumulation of ADR and Rh123 were quantitative detected by flow cytometry. Cells apoptosis induced by different concentrations of CFMP contained serum were detected by flow cytometry with Annexin-V/PI staining method.RESULTS: Different concentrations of CFMP contained serum can inhibit the descend trend of the ADR and Rh123 fluorescence accumulation curve of K562/A02 cells with dose-dependence. The high-dose group showed superior inhibition than the other. Annexin-V/PI staining method exhibited that the rate of apoptosis of K562/A02 cells in blank-serum group was 1.40%. Different concentrations of CFMP contained serum induced the apoptosis of K562/A02 cells showed a dose-dependent manner, that is medium dose group presented 24.60% apoptosis, high dose group presented 11.21% apoptosis, and low dose group presented 5.71% apoptosis.CONCLUSION: CFMP can inhibit the descend trend of the ADR and Rh123 fluorescence accumulation curve of K562/A02 cells, induce the apoptosis of K562/A02 cells to achieve the reverse intention of multi-drug resistance.
|
['Animals', 'Apoptosis', 'Drug Resistance, Multiple', 'Drug Resistance, Neoplasm', 'Drugs, Chinese Herbal', 'Flow Cytometry', 'Fritillaria', 'Humans', 'K562 Cells', 'Male', 'Rats']
| 20,462,045
|
[['B01.050'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['G07.690.773.984.300'], ['G07.690.773.984.395'], ['D20.215.784.500.350', 'D26.335'], ['E01.370.225.500.363.342', 'E01.370.225.500.386.350', 'E05.196.712.516.600.240.350', 'E05.200.500.363.342', 'E05.200.500.386.350', 'E05.242.363.342', 'E05.242.386.350'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.618.875.500.313'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A11.251.210.190.510', 'A11.251.860.180.510', 'A11.443.240.497.480'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Acute facial palsy in children--a 2-year follow-up study with focus on Lyme neuroborreliosis.
|
OBJECTIVE: Acute facial palsy in children is believed to be a rather benign neurological condition. Follow-up-studies are sparse, especially including a thorough otoneurological re-examination. The aim of this study was to examine children with a history of facial palsy in order to register the incidence of complete recovery and the severity and nature of sequelae. We also wanted to investigate whether there was a correlation between sequelae and Lyme Borreliosis, treatment or other health problems.METHODS: Twenty-seven children with a history of facial palsy were included. A re-examination was performed by an Ear-Nose-Throat (ENT) specialist 1-2.9 years (median 2) after the acute facial palsy. The otoneurological examination included grading the three branches of the facial nerve with the House-Brackman score, otomicroscopy and investigation with Frenzel glasses. A paediatrician interviewed the families. Medical files were analysed.RESULT: The incidence of complete recovery was 78% at the 2-year follow-up. In six out of 27 children (22%), the facial nerve function was mildly or moderately impaired. Four children reported problems with tear secretion and pronunciation. There was no correlation between sequelae after the facial palsy and gender, age, related symptoms, Lyme neuroborreliosis (NB), treatment, other health problems or performance.CONCLUSION: One fifth of children with an acute facial palsy get a permanent dysfunction of the facial nerve. Other neurological symptoms or health problems do not accompany the sequelae of the facial palsy. Lyme NB or treatment seems to have no correlation to clinical outcome. Factors of importance for complete recovery after an acute facial palsy are still not known.
|
['Adolescent', 'Borrelia', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Facial Nerve', 'Facial Paralysis', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Lyme Neuroborreliosis', 'Male', 'Outcome Assessment, Health Care', 'Recovery of Function', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Severity of Illness Index', 'Time Factors']
| 12,745,151
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['B03.440.425.410.711.193', 'B03.851.595.193'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['A08.800.050.050.275', 'A08.800.050.600.149', 'A08.800.800.060.275', 'A08.800.800.120.250'], ['C07.465.327', 'C10.597.622.214', 'C23.888.592.636.214'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C01.150.252.223.437', 'C01.150.252.400.536.700', 'C01.150.252.400.794.352.250.700', 'C01.207.180.437', 'C01.920.930.513.700', 'C10.228.228.180.437'], ['H01.770.644.145.431', 'N04.761.559.590', 'N05.715.360.575.575'], ['G16.757'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475.456.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.364.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.364.500'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Patterns of CT use in Japan, 2014: A nationwide cross-sectional study.
|
OBJECTIVES: To describe CT usage in Japan by age, gender, and region and to clarify the relationship between aging and CT examination rate.MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study using openly accessible data from the National Database, which includes all Japanese health insurance claim data from 2014. These data are anonymized and publicly available as spreadsheets. Therefore, this study did not require institutional review board approval. We calculated the rate of CT examinations per 1000 population by age, sex, and region with 99% confidence intervals. Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated between CT rate and aging in each region.RESULTS: We analyzed 28.1 million CT scans, and the rate per 1000 population was 221.5 (99% CI, 221.4-221.6). By age, the corresponding rate for age 0-9 years was 28.9, that for age 10-9 years was 48.6, that for 20-29 years was 52.2, that for 30-39 years was 69.0, that for 40-49 years was 105.9, that for 50-59 years was 177.6, that for 60-69 years was 303.3, that for 70-79 years was 532.5 and that for ?80 years was 801.5. The rate for male individuals was 233.6 and that for females was 210.0. The CT examination rate was 171.7 and 296.0 in the lowest- and highest-frequency regions, respectively. The average correlation coefficient between the aging rate in each region and the CT examination rate was 0.58 (0.35-0.74, p=0.00002).CONCLUSION: In Japan, the CT examination rate per 1000 population was high (third highest in the world). Age may be a factor that increases CT use. Furthermore, because variation in CT examination rates by age, gender, and region were observed, it is necessary to standardize CT utilization.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Age Distribution', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Databases, Factual', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Japan', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Physical Examination', 'Sex Distribution', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed', 'Young Adult']
| 29,153,375
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['I01.240.050', 'N01.224.033', 'N06.850.505.400.050'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['L01.313.500.750.300.188.400', 'L01.470.750.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['Z01.252.474.463', 'Z01.639.595'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.370.600'], ['I01.240.800', 'N01.224.803', 'N06.850.505.400.850'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Intrinsic disorder is a common structural characteristic of RxLR effectors in oomycete pathogens.
|
Intrinsic disorder is common in nature and has been studied to play important biological roles in bacterial effectors. However, disorder in oomycete RxLR effectors has not been investigated previously and the roles are unknown. Our results of PONDR VL-XT disorder analysis showed that predicted oomycete RxLR effectors were significantly more disordered than other effectors and secretome. The distribution of disorder content presented preference that RxLR-dEER regions were enriched in disordered residues, suggesting potential role of disorder in effector translocation. In contrast, the disorder content was depleted in the C-terminal regions, especially for W/Y/L motifs. We also found that around 42 % of putative RxLR proteins were predicted to contain at least one á-helix-forming molecular recognition feature (á-MoRF), and most á-MoRFs were located in the C-terminal regions. Furthermore, both of the disorder mutants of PsAvh18 and PcAvh207 lost the cell death-inducing activity, indicating the potential important role of disordered structure in RxLR effector function. Overall, these results demonstrate that intrinsic disorder is a common characteristic of oomycete RxLR proteins, and we postulate that such structure feature may be important for effector translocation or function. This study extends our understanding of RxLR effectors in protein structures, and opens up new directions to explore novel mechanisms of oomycete RxLR effectors.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Computational Biology', 'Fungal Proteins', 'Oomycetes', 'Protein Conformation', 'Virulence Factors']
| 29,029,698
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['H01.158.273.180', 'L01.313.124'], ['D12.776.354'], ['B01.750.580'], ['G02.111.570.820.709'], ['D23.946.896']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Altered gaze following during live interaction in infants at risk for autism: an eye tracking study.
|
BACKGROUND: The ability to follow gaze is an important prerequisite for joint attention, which is often compromised in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The direction of both the head and eyes provides cues to other people's attention direction, but previous studies have not separated these factors and their relation to ASD susceptibility. Development of gaze following typically occurs before ASD diagnosis is possible, and studies of high-risk populations are therefore important.METHODS: Eye tracking was used to assess gaze following during interaction in a group of 10-month-old infants at high familial risk for ASD (high-risk group) as well as a group of infants with no family history of ASD (low-risk group). The infants watched an experimenter gaze at objects in the periphery. Performance was compared across two conditions: one in which the experimenter moved both the eyes and head toward the objects (Eyes and Head condition) and one that involved movement of the eyes only (Eyes Only condition).RESULTS: A group by condition interaction effect was found. Specifically, whereas gaze following accuracy was comparable across the two conditions in the low-risk group, infants in the high-risk group were more likely to follow gaze in the Eyes and Head condition than in the Eyes Only condition.CONCLUSIONS: In an ecologically valid social situation, responses to basic non-verbal orienting cues were found to be altered in infants at risk for ASD. The results indicate that infants at risk for ASD may rely disproportionally on information from the head when following gaze and point to the importance of separating information from the eyes and the head when studying social perception in ASD.
|
['Attention', 'Autism Spectrum Disorder', 'Cues', 'Early Diagnosis', 'Eye Movements', 'Family Health', 'Female', 'Fixation, Ocular', 'Head Movements', 'Humans', 'Imitative Behavior', 'Infant', 'Male', 'Pursuit, Smooth', 'Risk', 'Single-Blind Method', 'Social Behavior', 'Social Perception']
| 26,819,699
|
[['F02.830.104.214'], ['F03.625.164.113'], ['F02.463.425.234'], ['E01.390'], ['G11.427.410.140', 'G14.350'], ['N01.400.300'], ['G14.350.253'], ['G11.427.410.478'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.145.510'], ['M01.060.703'], ['G14.350.453'], ['E05.318.740.600.800', 'G17.680.750', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800'], ['E05.318.370.850', 'N05.715.360.325.730', 'N06.850.520.445.850'], ['F01.145.813'], ['F02.463.593.752']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Central cyanosis on a psychiatric unit treated at the Salford Royal Hospital.
|
We describe a case of acquired methaemoglobinaemia due to frequent use of the 'legal high' known as 'Pink Panthers'. This contains 5,6-Methylenedioxy-2-aminoindane and 2-Aminoindane, both amphetamine analogues with the potential to cause methaemoglobinaemia. Furthermore, the most common 'cutting agent' for legal highs in the UK is benzocaine, also known to cause methaemoglobinaemia. Given the increasing prevalence of legal highs, particularly those containing added benzocaine, such presentations may become more common. Furthermore, in one case series, benzocaine gel used for toothache was the second most common reason for hospitalisation due to acquired methaemoglobinaemia after dapsone use. Indeed, the Federal Drug Agency has issued as public warning as to the risk of these products. We therefore think that clinicians and the public should be made more aware of the risk associated with such agents.
|
['Benzocaine', 'Cyanosis', 'Humans', 'Illicit Drugs', 'Indans', 'Methemoglobinemia', 'Schizophrenic Psychology', 'Substance-Related Disorders']
| 25,063,354
|
[['D02.241.223.100.050.500.643', 'D02.455.426.559.389.127.020.937.687'], ['C23.888.248'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D26.878'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.486.487', 'D04.615.486.487'], ['C15.378.619'], ['F04.824'], ['C25.775', 'F03.900']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Endotracheal reintubation: a closer look at a preventable condition.
|
We designed a prospective study of endotracheal intubations and reintubations in our inner city Level 1 Trauma Center, to determine the frequency and causes of reintubation and evaluate the impact of an educational intervention aimed at minimizing unplanned extubations (UEs). After an initial 3-month phase, efforts were instituted to educate healthcare providers to the causes of reintubation noted. An identical 3-month period was then studied to evaluate the efficacy of the interventions. There were 862 patients, all adults, in the initial phase of the study, with 40 reintubation events in 22 patients; of the 808 in the second phase, there were 16 reintubations in 13 patients. The reintubation rate decreased from 4.4% to 1.9% (p = 0.005). Reintubations after UEs decreased from 14% to 5.2% (rate ratio, 0.374; 95% confidence interval = 0.141, 0.990). Multiple reintubation events decreased from 45% to 18.8% (p = 0.07). Increased provider education and protocol changes were associated with lower reintubation rates.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Clinical Nursing Research', 'Critical Care', 'Equipment Failure', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Intubation, Intratracheal', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Prospective Studies']
| 9,274,152
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['H01.770.644.145.390.234', 'H02.478.395.234', 'N04.590.233.508.613.234'], ['E02.760.190', 'N02.421.585.190'], ['E05.325'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.041.500', 'E02.585.578', 'E05.497.578'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Genetic background affects stability of mecA in Staphylococcus aureus.
|
The staphylococcal methicillin resistance determinant, mecA, resides on a mobile genetic element, staphylococcus chromosomal cassette mec (SCCmec). The distribution of SCCmec in nature is limited to relatively few clonal complexes of related methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). We have previously reported that some genetic backgrounds are restrictive of mecA and penicillin-binding protein 2a expression, which could account for the restricted clonal distribution of SCCmec in nature. In this study, we investigate the potential role of the host chromosome in the transformability and expression of mecA in 103 naturally occurring methicillin-susceptible S. aureus clinical isolates. The isolates, which had been genotyped previously by multilocus sequence typing, were classified into one of two mutually exclusive categories based on whether the isolates belonged to "major" MRSA lineages or to "other" lineages that are never or occasionally MRSA. We introduced mecA expressed on the low-copy-number plasmid pYK20 into each MSSA strain and assayed the phenotype of resistance to nafcillin by population analysis to assess the relationship between the stability of mecA expression and genetic background. Strains from the major MRSA lineages were more transformable with pYK20 and better able to maintain the plasmid and express resistance in comparison to strains from other lineages. These data support the hypothesis that the presence of mecA within relatively few clonal complexes is partly due to genetic factors that are permissive of mecA and its gene product.
|
['Bacterial Proteins', 'Base Sequence', 'DNA Primers', 'Drug Resistance, Microbial', 'Methicillin Resistance', 'Penicillin-Binding Proteins', 'Plasmids', 'Staphylococcus aureus', 'Tetracycline', 'Transformation, Bacterial', 'beta-Lactamases']
| 15,872,270
|
[['D12.776.097'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['D13.695.578.424.450.275', 'D27.720.470.530.600.223.600'], ['G06.225', 'G07.690.773.984.269'], ['G06.099.225.500.600.525', 'G06.225.347.500.600.525', 'G07.690.773.984.269.347.500.600.525'], ['D08.811.710', 'D12.776.097.545'], ['G05.360.600'], ['B03.300.390.400.800.750.100', 'B03.353.500.750.750.100', 'B03.510.100.750.750.100', 'B03.510.400.790.750.100'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.562.900.875', 'D04.615.562.900.875'], ['E05.393.350.810.500', 'G05.728.860.500', 'G05.728.865.820', 'G06.099.850'], ['D08.811.277.087.180']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Estradiol modulates Kiss1 neuronal response to ghrelin.
|
Ghrelin is a metabolic signal regulating energy homeostasis. Circulating ghrelin levels rise during starvation and fall after a meal, and therefore, ghrelin may function as a signal of negative energy balance. Ghrelin may also act as a modulator of reproductive physiology, as acute ghrelin administration suppresses gonadotropin secretion and inhibits the neuroendocrine reproductive axis. Interestingly, ghrelin's effect in female metabolism varies according to the estrogen milieu predicting an interaction between ghrelin and estrogens, likely at the hypothalamic level. Here, we show that ghrelin receptor (GHSR) and estrogen receptor-á (ERá) are coexpressed in several hypothalamic sites. Higher levels of circulating estradiol increased the expression of GHSR mRNA and the coexpression of GHSR mRNA and ERá selectively in the arcuate nucleus (ARC). Subsets of preoptic and ARC Kiss1 neurons coexpressed GHSR. Increased colocalization was observed in ARC Kiss1 neurons of ovariectomized estradiol-treated (OVX + E₂; 80%) compared with ovariectomized oil-treated (OVX; 25%) mice. Acute actions of ghrelin on ARC Kiss1 neurons were also modulated by estradiol; 75 and 22% of Kiss1 neurons of OVX + E₂ and OVX mice, respectively, depolarized in response to ghrelin. Our findings indicate that ghrelin and estradiol may interact in several hypothalamic sites. In the ARC, high levels of E₂ increase GHSR mRNA expression, modifying the colocalization rate with ERá and Kiss1 and the proportion of Kiss1 neurons acutely responding to ghrelin. Our findings indicate that E₂ alters the responsiveness of kisspeptin neurons to metabolic signals, potentially acting as a critical player in the metabolic control of the reproductive physiology.
|
['Acylation', 'Animals', 'Arcuate Nucleus of Hypothalamus', 'Estradiol', 'Estrogen Receptor alpha', 'Estrogen Replacement Therapy', 'Female', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Ghrelin', 'Green Fluorescent Proteins', 'Hypothalamus', 'Kisspeptins', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Mice, Transgenic', 'Nerve Tissue Proteins', 'Neurons', 'Ovariectomy', 'Rats', 'Receptors, Ghrelin', 'Recombinant Proteins', 'Signal Transduction']
| 24,473,434
|
[['G02.111.012', 'G02.607.063', 'G03.040'], ['B01.050'], ['A08.186.211.180.497.352.081', 'A08.186.211.200.317.357.352.081'], ['D04.210.500.365.415.248', 'D06.472.334.851.437.500'], ['D12.776.826.750.350.174'], ['E02.319.452.150'], ['G05.308'], ['D06.472.699.301', 'D12.644.548.322'], ['D12.776.532.265'], ['A08.186.211.180.497', 'A08.186.211.200.317.357'], ['D12.644.276.836', 'D12.644.400.430', 'D12.776.624.776.546'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['B01.050.050.136.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800'], ['D12.776.631'], ['A08.675', 'A11.671'], ['E04.270.282.685', 'E04.950.165.685', 'E04.950.300.680'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.322'], ['D12.776.828'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Voice assessment and demographic data of applicants for a school of speech therapists].
|
BACKGROUND: Demographic data, subjective und objective voice analysis as well as self-assessment of voice quality from applicants for a school of speech therapists were investigated.METHODS: Demographic data from 116 applicants were collected and their voice quality assessed by three independent judges. An objective evaluation was done by maximum phonation time, average fundamental frequency, dynamic range and percent of jitter and shimmer by means of Goettinger Hoarseness diagram. Self-assessment of voice quality was done by "voice handicap index questionnaire".RESULTS: The twenty successful applicants had a physiological voice in 95 %, they were all musical and had university entrance qualifications. Subjective voice assessment showed in 16 % of the applicants a hoarse voice. In this subgroup an unphysiological vocal use was observed in 72 % and a reduced articulation in 45 %. The objective voice parameters did not show a significant difference between the 3 groups. Self-assessment of the voice was inconspicuous in all applicants.CONCLUSION: Applicants with general qualification for university entrance, musicality and a physiological voice were more likely to be successful. There were main differences between self assessment of voice and quantitative analysis or subjective assessment by three independent judges.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Career Choice', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Music', 'Personnel Selection', 'School Admission Criteria', 'Self-Assessment', 'Sound Spectrography', 'Speech Therapy', 'Voice Quality']
| 18,247,263
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['F02.463.785.373.346.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['K01.602'], ['N04.452.677.500'], ['I02.399.750'], ['F01.752.747.792.537'], ['E05.855'], ['E02.760.169.063.500.727.552', 'E02.831.727.552'], ['G09.772.925.960']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
High-frequency ultrasound for monitoring changes in liver tissue during preservation.
|
Currently the only method to assess liver preservation injury is based on liver appearance and donor medical history. Previous work has shown that high-frequency ultrasound could detect ischemic cell death due to changes in cell morphology. In this study, we use high-frequency ultrasound integrated backscatter to assess liver damage in experimental models of liver ischemia. Ultimately, our goal is to predict organ suitability for transplantation using high-frequency imaging and spectral analysis techniques. To examine the effects of liver ischemia at different temperatures, livers from Wistar rats were surgically excised, immersed in phosphate buffer saline and stored at 4 and 20 degrees C for 24 h. To mimic organ preservation, livers were excised, flushed with University of Wisconsin (UW) solution and stored at 4 degrees C for 24 h. Preservation injury was simulated by either not flushing livers with UW solution or, before scanning, allowing livers to reach room temperature. Ultrasound images and corresponding radiofrequency data were collected over the ischemic period. No significant increase in integrated backscatter (approximately 2.5 dBr) was measured for the livers prepared using standard preservation conditions. For all other ischemia models, the integrated backscatter increased by 4-9 dBr demonstrating kinetics dependent on storage conditions. The results provide a possible framework for using high-frequency imaging to non-invasively assess liver preservation injury.
|
['Animals', 'Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted', 'Ischemia', 'Liver', 'Organ Preservation', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Severity of Illness Index', 'Ultrasonography']
| 15,742,939
|
[['B01.050'], ['E01.158.600', 'E01.370.350.350', 'L01.313.500.750.100.158.600'], ['C23.550.513'], ['A03.620'], ['E02.792.833.660', 'E05.760.833.660'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475.456.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.364.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.364.500'], ['E01.370.350.850']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Topical silymarin versus hydroquinone in the treatment of melasma: A comparative study.
|
BACKGROUND: Melasma is a highly prevalent hyperpigmentation disorder with a high relapsing rate and a negative impact on the psychological state of the affected patients. The exact pathogenesis of melasma is not completely elucidated; however, ultraviolet induced oxidative stress has an important role in its pathogenesis. Silymarin, antioxidant drug, reduces the harmful effects of solar ultraviolet radiation such as inflammation, immune responses, DNA damage, and pigmentation.OBJECTIVES: To assess the efficacy and safety of topical silymarin with different concentrations (0.7% and 1.4%) versus hydroquinone 4% in the treatment of melasma.METHODS: Forty-two adult female patients with melasma were assigned to three equal groups each containing 14 patients; group1 was treated by silymarin 0.7% cream, group 2 was treated by silymarin 1.4% cream and group 3 was treated by hydroquinone 4% cream. The duration of treatment was 3 months.RESULTS: MASI score was significantly reduced in all groups at the end of third month; however, there were no significant differences in the therapeutic response between the three studied groups. No side effects were recorded with silymarin, while hydroquinone was associated with significant adverse effects.CONCLUSIONS: Silymarin cream might serve as an effective and safe treatment modality for melasma.
|
['Administration, Cutaneous', 'Adult', 'Antioxidants', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hydroquinones', 'Melanosis', 'Middle Aged', 'Patient Satisfaction', 'Severity of Illness Index', 'Silymarin', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 30,146,802
|
[['E02.319.267.120.060'], ['M01.060.116'], ['D27.505.519.217', 'D27.505.696.706.125', 'D27.720.799.047'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.657.393'], ['C17.800.621.430.530'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['F01.100.150.750.625', 'F01.145.488.887.625', 'N04.452.822.700', 'N05.300.150.800.625', 'N05.715.360.600'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475.456.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.364.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.364.500'], ['D03.383.663.283.266.450.268.777', 'D03.633.100.150.266.450.268.777'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Cromolyn sodium in the treatment of asthma: coming of age in the United States.
|
Cromolyn sodium has matured as a first-line drug in the management of asthma in the United States. New pharmacokinetic assays reveal that it exerts classic dose-response effects both in vitro and in vivo. The protective effect of cromolyn sodium is due chiefly to its ability to inhibit mediator release from mast cells, but there is considerable evidence that it may affect reflex-induced asthma and bronchial hyperreactivity. It may also reduce the number of inflammatory effector cells such as eosinophils and decrease the IgE-mediated local immune response. Two formulations are currently available in the United States: the powdered Spinhaler apparatus and a solution that can be aerosolized by a nebulizer. A metered-dose aerosol preparation containing 1 mg/drug per activation is being investigated in other parts of the world and appears to be equally as effective as the powdered and nebulized forms of cromolyn. Recent controlled studies reveal that cromolyn sodium and theophylline have equal efficacy in the first-line management of asthma, but troublesome cardiovascular and psychoneurologic side effects are often observed after theophylline therapy. If used properly, cromolyn sodium is a valuable agent in the pharmacologic treatment of asthma.
|
['Aerosols', 'Asthma', 'Biological Availability', 'Bronchi', 'Bronchial Provocation Tests', 'Bronchial Spasm', 'Cromolyn Sodium', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Humans', 'Inflammation', 'Mast Cells', 'Metabolic Clearance Rate', 'Theophylline']
| 3,926,853
|
[['D20.280.055', 'D26.255.165.055'], ['C08.127.108', 'C08.381.495.108', 'C08.674.095', 'C20.543.480.680.095'], ['G03.787.151', 'G07.690.725.129'], ['A04.411.125'], ['E01.370.386.700.125'], ['C08.127.321'], ['D03.383.663.283.266.300', 'D03.633.100.150.266.300'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C23.550.470'], ['A11.329.427', 'A15.382.652'], ['E01.370.225.843', 'E05.200.843', 'G03.490', 'G07.690.595', 'G07.690.725.513'], ['D03.132.960.751', 'D03.633.100.759.758.824.751']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
High-density neutrophils in MGUS and multiple myeloma are dysfunctional and immune-suppressive due to increased STAT3 downstream signaling.
|
To understand neutrophil impairment in the progression from MGUS through active MM, we investigated the function of mature, high-density neutrophils (HDNs), isolated from peripheral blood. In 7 MM, 3 MGUS and 3 healthy subjects by gene expression profile, we identified a total of 551 upregulated and 343 downregulated genes in MM-HDN, involved in chemokine signaling pathway and FC-gamma receptor mediated phagocytosis conveying in the activation of STAT proteins. In a series of 60 newly diagnosed MM and 30 MGUS patients, by flow-cytometry we found that HDN from MM, and to a lesser extend MGUS, had an up-regulation of the inducible FcãRI (also known as CD64) and a down-regulation of the constitutive FcãRIIIa (also known as CD16) together with a reduced phagocytic activity and oxidative burst, associated to increased immune-suppression that could be reverted by arginase inhibitors in co-culture with lymphocytes. In 43 consecutive newly-diagnosed MM patients, who received first-line treatment based on bortezomib, thalidomide and dexamethasone, high CD64 could identify at diagnosis patients with inferior median overall survival (39.5 versus 86.7 months, p = 0.04). Thus, HDNs are significantly different among healthy, MGUS and MM subjects. In both MGUS and MM neutrophils may play a role in supporting both the increased susceptibility to infection and the immunological dysfunction that leads to tumor progression.
|
['Aged', 'Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Disease Progression', 'Disease Susceptibility', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Gene Expression Profiling', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic', 'Humans', 'Kaplan-Meier Estimate', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance', 'Multiple Myeloma', 'Neutrophils', 'Phagocytosis', 'STAT3 Transcription Factor', 'Signal Transduction', 'Tumor Escape']
| 32,029,833
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['E02.183.750.500', 'E02.319.077.500', 'E02.319.310.037'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['C23.550.291.656'], ['C23.550.291.687', 'G07.100.250'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['E05.393.332'], ['G05.308.370'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.740.998.650', 'N05.715.360.750.795.650', 'N06.850.520.830.998.650'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C15.378.147.542.640', 'C15.378.147.780.570', 'C20.683.460.640', 'C20.683.780.640'], ['C04.557.595.500', 'C14.907.454.460', 'C15.378.147.780.650', 'C15.378.463.515.460', 'C20.683.515.845', 'C20.683.780.650'], ['A11.118.637.415.583', 'A11.627.340.583', 'A11.733.689', 'A15.145.229.637.415.583', 'A15.382.490.315.583', 'A15.382.680.689'], ['G04.417.350', 'G09.188.665', 'G12.450.564.809', 'G12.688'], ['D12.644.360.024.342.300', 'D12.776.157.057.186.300', 'D12.776.476.024.430.300', 'D12.776.930.840.300'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['G12.900']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Trapping and stabilization of integral membrane proteins by hydrophobically grafted glucose-based telomers.
|
Amphipols (APols) are short amphipathic polymers designed to adsorb onto the transmembrane surface of membrane proteins, keeping them water-soluble in the absence of detergent. Current APols carry charged groups, which is a limitation for certain types of applications. This has prompted the development of totally nonionic amphiphols (NAPols). In a previous work, glucose-based NAPols synthesized by free-radical cotelomerization of hydrophilic and amphiphilic monomers proved to be able to keep membrane proteins soluble (Sharma et al. Langmuir 2008, 24, 13581-13590). This provided a proof of principle, but the cumbersome synthesis prevented large-scale production and any detailed biochemical studies. In the present work, we describe a new synthesis route for NAPols based on grafting alkyl chains onto a glucosylated homotelomer. The NAPols thus prepared are highly water soluble. In aqueous solutions, they assemble into small, homogeneous particles similar to those formed by ionic APols. Two model membrane proteins, bacteriorhodopsin and the transmembrane domain of OmpA, form with NAPols small, well-defined water-soluble complexes whose size is comparable to that observed with ionic APols. Complexation by NAPols strongly stabilizes bacteriorhodopsin against denaturation. Glucosylated NAPols thus appear as a promising alternative to ionic APols for such applications as ion-exchange chromatography, isoelectrofocusing, and, possibly, structural approaches such as NMR and crystallography.
|
['Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins', 'Bacteriorhodopsins', 'Glucose', 'Glycosylation', 'Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions', 'Immobilized Proteins', 'Membrane Proteins', 'Polymers', 'Solubility', 'Water']
| 20,000,638
|
[['D12.776.097.120', 'D12.776.543.100'], ['D12.776.090.200', 'D12.776.157.530.450.250.875.249', 'D12.776.543.585.450.250.875.249', 'D12.776.752.812.249'], ['D09.947.875.359.448'], ['G02.111.158.812', 'G02.607.299', 'G03.191.812'], ['G02.409'], ['D12.776.463'], ['D12.776.543'], ['D05.750', 'D25.720', 'J01.637.051.720'], ['G02.805'], ['D01.045.250.875', 'D01.248.497.158.459.650', 'D01.650.550.925']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Risk of second primary cancer in patients treated with radiotherapy for rectal cancer.
|
BACKGROUND: Many patients with rectal cancer receive radiotherapy (RT) to reduce the risk of local recurrence. Radiation may give rise to adverse effects, including second primary cancers. In view of the divergent results of previous studies, the present study evaluated the risk of second primary cancer following RT in all randomized RT rectal cancer trials conducted in Sweden and in the Swedish ColoRectal Cancer Registry (SCRCR).METHODS: Patients included in five randomized trials and the SCRCR were linked to the Swedish Cancer Registry. Cox regression models estimated the hazard ratio (HR) of second primary cancer among patients who received RT compared with those who did not.RESULTS: A total of 13 457 patients were included in this study; 7024 (52·2 per cent) received RT and 6433 (47·8 per cent) had surgery alone. Overall, no increased risk of second primary cancer was observed with RT (HR 1·03; 95 per cent c.i. 0·92 to 1·15), independently of follow-up time and location within or outside of the irradiated volume. In the randomized trials, with longer follow-up (maximum 31 years), a slight increase was observed outside of (HR 1·33, 1·01 to 1·74) but not within (HR 1·11, 0·73 to 1·67) the irradiated volume. Irradiated men had a lower risk of prostate cancer than those treated with surgery alone (HR 0·68, 0·51 to 0·91).CONCLUSION: Overall, there was no increased risk of second primary cancer following RT for rectal cancer within or outside of the irradiated volume up to 20 years of follow-up. Men with rectal cancer who received RT had a reduced risk of prostate cancer.
|
['Adenocarcinoma', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced', 'Neoplasms, Second Primary', 'Proportional Hazards Models', 'Radiotherapy, Adjuvant', 'Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic', 'Rectal Neoplasms', 'Registries', 'Risk Assessment', 'Risk Factors', 'Sweden']
| 27,802,358
|
[['C04.557.470.200.025'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04.682', 'C26.733.476', 'G01.750.748.500.476'], ['C04.692'], ['E05.318.740.500.700', 'E05.318.740.600.700', 'E05.318.740.750.725', 'E05.318.740.998.825', 'E05.599.835.900', 'N05.715.360.750.530.650', 'N05.715.360.750.625.650', 'N05.715.360.750.695.650', 'N05.715.360.750.795.825', 'N06.850.520.830.500.700', 'N06.850.520.830.600.700', 'N06.850.520.830.750.725', 'N06.850.520.830.998.912'], ['E02.186.775', 'E02.815.600'], ['E05.318.372.250.250.365.500', 'N05.715.360.330.250.250.365.500', 'N06.850.520.450.250.250.365.500'], ['C04.588.274.476.411.307.790', 'C06.301.371.411.307.790', 'C06.405.249.411.307.790', 'C06.405.469.491.307.790', 'C06.405.469.860.180.500'], ['E05.318.308.970', 'N04.452.859.819', 'N05.715.360.300.715.700', 'N06.850.520.308.970'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.715', 'N04.452.871.715', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.690', 'N06.850.505.715', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.715'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['Z01.542.816.500']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Enhanced proliferation, growth factor induction and immortalization by adenovirus E1A 12S in the absence of E1B.
|
Immortalization and transformation of primary epithelial cells requires expression of the adenovirus E1A and E1B genes, respectively. The E1A gene is involved in growth stimulatory processes. Little is known about the mechanism utilized by E1B, however, roles in growth stimulatory processes have also been implied. To determine whether there are any functional interactions between E1A 12S and the E1B 55K and 19K polypeptides, primary epithelial cells were infected with 12S viruses with different E1B regions. In the absence of both E1B proteins, there was an increase in 12S expression. This resulted in increased levels of DNA synthesis, entry into S-phase of the cell cycle and increased levels of proliferation, in the presence or absence of serum. There was also a higher induction of growth factor activity. In the presence of the 55K and absence of the 19K protein, there was a decrease in 12S expression. However, the highest induction of proliferative responses was observed. This suggests that expression of the 19K polypeptide inhibits 12S function directly. The lack of 19K expression also enabled the epithelial cells to have a much higher plating efficiency, achieve a greater cell density and reach the immortalized state faster. Although some modest differences in p53 expression were observed when compared to mock, they could not be correlated with any phenotype.
|
['Adenovirus E1A Proteins', 'Adenovirus E1B Proteins', 'Animals', 'Cell Division', 'Cell Transformation, Viral', 'Cells, Cultured', 'DNA', 'Genes, p53', 'Growth Substances', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred F344']
| 8,058,328
|
[['D12.776.460.050.100', 'D12.776.624.664.520.045.050.100', 'D12.776.930.100', 'D12.776.964.700.045.050.100', 'D23.050.285.062.045', 'D23.050.327.062.045'], ['D12.776.460.050.110', 'D12.776.624.664.520.045.050.110', 'D12.776.930.110', 'D12.776.964.700.045.050.110', 'D23.050.285.062.050', 'D23.050.327.062.050'], ['B01.050'], ['G04.144.220', 'G04.161.750.500', 'G05.113', 'G07.345.249.410.750.500'], ['C04.697.098.500.160', 'C23.550.727.098.500.160', 'G06.920.143'], ['A11.251'], ['D13.444.308'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.375.249.385', 'G05.360.340.024.340.415.400.385'], ['D27.505.696.377'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760.200', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400.200']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Modulatory effects of alpha-linolenic acid on generation of reactive oxygen species in elaidic acid enriched peritoneal macrophages in rats.
|
Fatty acids are known to influence the ability of macrophages to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS). However the effect of elaidic acid (EA, 18:1 trans fatty acid) on ROS generation is not well studied. Rat peritoneal macrophages were enriched with elaidic acid by incubating the cells with 80 1M EA. The macrophages containing EA generated higher amounts of superoxide anion (O2*-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and nitric oxide (NO) by 54, 123 and 237%, respectively as compared to control cells which did not contain EA. To study the competition of other C18 fatty acids with EA macrophages were incubated with EA along with stearic acid (18:0), oleic acid (18:1), linoleic acid (18:2) and alpha-linolenic acid (ALA, 18:3). ALA significantly reduced the incorporation of EA into macrophage lipids. This also significantly reduced the generation of O2*-, H2O2, NO by macrophages. Studies were also conducted by feeding rats with diet containing partially hydrogenated vegetable fat (PHVF) as a source for EA and linseed oil (LSO) as a source for ALA. The rats were fed AIN-93 diet containing PHVF with 17% EA and incremental amounts of linseed oil for 10 weeks. The peritoneal macrophages from rats fed partially hydrogenated vegetable fat generated higher levels of O2*-, H2O2, NO by 46, 161 and 76% respectively, when compared to rats fed control diets containing ground nut oil. Macrophages from rats fed PHVF with incremental amounts of LSO produced significantly lower levels ROS in a dose dependent manner. Thus ALA reduces the higher levels of ROS generated by macrophages containing EA.
|
['Animals', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Fatty Acids', 'Linseed Oil', 'Macrophages, Peritoneal', 'Male', 'Oleic Acid', 'Oleic Acids', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Reactive Oxygen Species', 'alpha-Linolenic Acid']
| 25,241,585
|
[['B01.050'], ['A11.251'], ['D10.251'], ['D10.212.507.550', 'D10.627.700.615', 'D20.215.784.750.615'], ['A11.329.372.630', 'A11.627.482.630', 'A11.733.397.630', 'A15.382.670.522.630', 'A15.382.680.397.630'], ['D10.251.355.325.600.525'], ['D10.251.355.325.600'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900'], ['D01.339.431', 'D01.650.775'], ['D10.212.302.380.410.100', 'D10.251.355.310.640.400', 'D10.251.355.337.100']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Migration of metal-on-metal versus ceramic-on-polyethylene hip prostheses.
|
In a prospective randomized study, 32 metal-on-metal prostheses and 29 ceramic-on-polyethylene prostheses of similar design were implanted in 59 patients. Radiolucency, cup migration, wear, and function were examined after a minimum of 2 years followup (followup rate, 87%). The purpose of the current study was to evaluate whether higher frictional torque of metal-on-metal will lead to a higher rate of early metal-on-metal cup loosening. A computer-assisted method was used for wear and migration measurements of the acetabular component. Metal-on-metal prostheses migrated in a craniocaudad direction significantly less than ceramic-on-polyethylene prostheses. The mean total migration for both types of prostheses exceeded 1.5 mm at 2 years. Clinically, no difference between the two prostheses regarding activity, pain, or range of motion was found at 2 years. As migration of metal-on-metal prostheses was not higher in comparison with ceramic-on-polyethylene prostheses, the expected higher frictional torque of metal-on-metal prostheses did not increase migration during short-term followup. The different debris produced by both bearings did not influence the short-term results of this study, but might cause different long-term results.
|
['Aged', 'Ceramics', 'Equipment Failure Analysis', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Hip Joint', 'Hip Prosthesis', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Metals', 'Middle Aged', 'Polyethylene', 'Prospective Studies', 'Prosthesis Design', 'Prosthesis Failure', 'Radiography', 'Range of Motion, Articular']
| 12,838,059
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['J01.637.153'], ['E05.325.192'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['A02.835.583.411'], ['E07.695.400.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D01.552'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D02.455.326.271.665.550.500', 'D05.750.716.507.500', 'D25.720.716.507.500', 'J01.637.051.720.716.507.500'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E05.320.550', 'E07.695.680'], ['C23.550.767.865', 'E05.325.771'], ['E01.370.350.700'], ['E01.370.600.700', 'G11.427.760']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Improved sensitivity of DNA microarrays using photonic crystal enhanced fluorescence.
|
DNA microarrays are used to profile changes in gene expression between samples in a high-throughput manner, but measurements of genes with low expression levels can be problematic with standard microarray substrates. In this work, we expand the detection capabilities of a standard microarray experiment using a photonic crystal (PC) surface that enhances fluorescence observed from microarray spots. This PC is inexpensively and uniformly fabricated using a nanoreplica molding technique, with very little variation in its optical properties within- and between-devices. By using standard protocols to process glass microarray substrates in parallel with PCs, we evaluated the impact of this substrate on a one-color microarray experiment comparing gene expression in two developmental stages of Glycine max. The PCs enhanced the signal-to-noise ratio observed from microarray spots by 1 order of magnitude, significantly increasing the number of genes detected above substrate fluorescence noise. PC substrates more than double the number of genes classified as differentially expressed, detecting changes in expression even for low expression genes. This approach increases the dynamic range of a surface-bound fluorescence-based assay to reliably quantify small quantities of DNA that would be impossible with standard substrates.
|
['Crystallization', 'DNA', 'Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis', 'Photons', 'Spectrometry, Fluorescence']
| 20,704,375
|
[['E05.196.300', 'G02.171'], ['D13.444.308'], ['E05.393.661.640', 'E05.393.760.640', 'E05.588.570.660', 'E05.601.640'], ['G01.249.705', 'G01.358.500.505.650.782', 'G01.590.540.782', 'G01.750.250.650.782', 'G01.750.770.578.782'], ['E05.196.712.516.600.676', 'E05.196.867.726']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The influence of utterance length upon bilabial closure duration of selected deaf children.
|
Measurements were made of intraoral air pressure associated with bilabial closure durations of VCV syllables in sentence-like frames of increasing length for nine deaf and nine matched normal hearing chidren. Results demonstrated significantly longer absolute closure durations at all utterance lengths for the deaf, but with the same relative decrease in closure durations with increases in utterance length for both groups. The deaf children showed lower peak intraoral air pressure values with more variability than the normal children. In addition, the deaf children had longer air-pressure pulse durations than did the normals. Clinical application of these findings to speech management are discussed.
|
['Articulation Disorders', 'Child', 'Deafness', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Lip', 'Male', 'Phonation']
| 7,419,730
|
[['C10.597.606.150.500.800.150', 'C23.888.592.604.150.500.800.150'], ['M01.060.406'], ['C09.218.458.341.186', 'C10.597.751.418.341.186', 'C23.888.592.763.393.341.186'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A01.456.505.631.515', 'A14.549.336'], ['G09.772.585']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
A wide variety of Clostridium perfringens type A food-borne isolates that carry a chromosomal cpe gene belong to one multilocus sequence typing cluster.
|
Of 98 suspected food-borne Clostridium perfringens isolates obtained from a nationwide survey by the Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority in The Netherlands, 59 strains were identified as C. perfringens type A. Using PCR-based techniques, the cpe gene encoding enterotoxin was detected in eight isolates, showing a chromosomal location for seven isolates and a plasmid location for one isolate. Further characterization of these strains by using (GTG)(5) fingerprint repetitive sequence-based PCR analysis distinguished C. perfringens from other sulfite-reducing clostridia but did not allow for differentiation between various types of C. perfringens strains. To characterize the C. perfringens strains further, multilocus sequence typing (MLST) analysis was performed on eight housekeeping genes of both enterotoxic and non-cpe isolates, and the data were combined with a previous global survey covering strains associated with food poisoning, gas gangrene, and isolates from food or healthy individuals. This revealed that the chromosomal cpe strains (food strains and isolates from food poisoning cases) belong to a distinct cluster that is significantly distant from all the other cpe plasmid-carrying and cpe-negative strains. These results suggest that different groups of C. perfringens have undergone niche specialization and that a distinct group of food isolates has specific core genome sequences. Such findings have epidemiological and evolutionary significance. Better understanding of the origin and reservoir of enterotoxic C. perfringens may allow for improved control of this organism in foods.
|
['Chromosomes, Bacterial', 'Clostridium perfringens', 'Cluster Analysis', 'DNA Fingerprinting', 'DNA, Bacterial', 'Enterotoxins', 'Food Microbiology', 'Genotype', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Multilocus Sequence Typing', 'Netherlands', 'Plasmids']
| 22,865,060
|
[['A11.284.187.190', 'A20.812', 'G05.360.162.190'], ['B03.300.390.400.200.575', 'B03.353.625.375.500.575', 'B03.510.415.400.200.575'], ['E05.318.740.250', 'N05.715.360.750.200', 'N06.850.520.830.250'], ['E05.318.740.225.500.500', 'E05.393.290', 'I01.198.780.937.375', 'N04.452.910.099.750'], ['D13.444.308.212'], ['D23.946.330'], ['H01.158.273.540.274.332', 'J01.576.423.850.730.500.249.300', 'N06.850.425.200', 'N06.850.460.400.300', 'N06.850.601.500.249.300'], ['G05.380'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['E01.370.225.875.150.125.457.500', 'E05.200.875.150.125.457.500', 'E05.393.542.500', 'E05.393.760.700.650'], ['Z01.542.651'], ['G05.360.600']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Serum androgens and estrogens in postmenopausal women with and without endometrial cancer.
|
Thirty-five consecutive patients with adenocarcinoma of the endometrium and an equal number of control subjects matched to the cancer patients for age and percentage of ideal weight were studied prospectively. In the cancer patients, the mean +/- SE serum androstenedione, testosterone, estrone (E1) and estradiol (E2) levels were 503 +/- 34 pg/ml, 224 +/- 22 pg/ml, 38.7 +/- 3.6 pg/ml, and 14.5 +/- 0.9 pg/ml, respectively. Similar concentrations were found in the control subjects. Body weight and percentage of ideal weight showed highly significant correlations (P less than 0.001) with E1 and E2 but not with the androgen concentrations in either group. The heavier patients had higher E1 and E2 levels. Age and years since menopause did not correlate with any of the hormonal levels. The cancer patients with overt diabetes tended to be more obese and have higher estrogen levels than did the nondiabetic subjects. Those with a history of prior estrogen usage were more slender and had lower endogenous estrogens than the nonusers. Twenty-three of the cancer patients (66%) had a presumed risk factor(s) for the development of this tumor, that is, excess body weight, high endogenous estrogen levels, or a history of prior estrogen usage. These data support the concept that conditions which lead to continued, unopposed estrogen stimulation may be associated with malignant transformation of the endometrium.
|
['Adenocarcinoma', 'Age Factors', 'Aged', 'Androgens', 'Diabetes Complications', 'Estradiol', 'Estrogens', 'Estrone', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Middle Aged', 'Obesity', 'Prospective Studies', 'Risk', 'Uterine Neoplasms']
| 7,361,834
|
[['C04.557.470.200.025'], ['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D27.505.696.399.472.161'], ['C19.246.099'], ['D04.210.500.365.415.248', 'D06.472.334.851.437.500'], ['D27.505.696.399.472.277'], ['D04.210.500.365.415.414', 'D04.210.500.578.502.497', 'D06.472.040.502.497', 'D06.472.334.851.437.996'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C18.654.726.500', 'C23.888.144.699.500', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120.699.500', 'G07.100.100.160.120.699.500'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E05.318.740.600.800', 'G17.680.750', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800'], ['C04.588.945.418.948', 'C13.351.500.852.762', 'C13.351.937.418.875']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Nitric oxide synthase type II expression by different cell types in MHV-JHM encephalitis suggests distinct roles for nitric oxide in acute versus persistent virus infection.
|
Intranasal inoculation with mouse hepatitis virus strain JHM (MHV-JHM) results in acute meningoencephalitis. We found NOS II mRNA expression in brains of acutely infected animals on days 5 through 7 after infection. In situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry demonstrated NOS II message and protein in infiltrating macrophages. Persistent infection with MHV-JHM results in chronic demyelinating encephalomyelitis. NOS II mRNA was detected in persistently infected spinal cords. In situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry showed expression of NOS II in astrocytes in and around demyelinated lesions. These results suggest the role of NO release in acute versus persistent infection with this virus, and its contribution to the resulting pathology, may be different.
|
['Acute Disease', 'Animals', 'Central Nervous System', 'Chronic Disease', 'Coronavirus Infections', 'Encephalomyelitis', 'In Situ Hybridization', 'Isoenzymes', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Murine hepatitis virus', 'Nitric Oxide', 'Nitric Oxide Synthase', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Tissue Distribution']
| 9,058,755
|
[['C23.550.291.125'], ['B01.050'], ['A08.186'], ['C23.550.291.500'], ['C01.925.782.600.550.200'], ['C01.207.291', 'C10.228.228.291', 'C10.228.440'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.670.325', 'E01.370.225.750.600.670.325', 'E05.200.500.620.670.325', 'E05.200.750.600.670.325', 'E05.393.661.475'], ['D08.811.348', 'D12.776.800.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['B04.450.580', 'B04.820.578.500.540.150.113.875'], ['D01.339.387', 'D01.625.550.500', 'D01.625.700.500', 'D01.650.550.587.600'], ['D08.811.682.664.500.772'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['G03.787.917', 'G07.690.725.949']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Correlations of the indicators of biochemical composition and physico-chemical properties of the bile in chronic cholecystitis].
|
The study of the factors relevant to the bile colloid stability in aggravation of calculous or ++non-calculous cholecystitis demonstrated changes in aggregative-kinetic stability of bile presenting with low boundary of the phase transition, electrokinetic potential, mass and growing size of macromolecular compounds. This is much coupled with high bile levels of protein, calcium and iron which exhibited mutually potentiating effect. At the same time, hydrolysis of protein-containing bile components +determined by the increment of amine and sulfhydryl groups evidences for colloid destabilizing active role of calcium and iron. In view of this finding elevated concentration of iron and calcium in exacerbations of cholecystitis may have both diagnostic significance and be indicator of the role of inflammation in lithogenesis.
|
['Bile', 'Cholecystitis', 'Cholelithiasis', 'Chronic Disease', 'Humans', 'Molecular Weight', 'Proteins', 'Risk Factors', 'Trace Elements', 'Viscosity']
| 2,625,961
|
[['A12.200.087'], ['C06.130.564.263'], ['C06.130.409'], ['C23.550.291.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G02.494'], ['D12.776'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['D01.268.811', 'D27.505.696.494.555', 'G07.203.300.681.500.555', 'J02.500.681.500.555'], ['G02.930']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Lower birth weight and attenuated adrenocortical response to ACTH in offspring from sows that orally received cortisol during gestation.
|
Prenatal stress is known to affect several offspring characteristics, but its effects depend among other factors on the period of gestation in which it is applied. In the present study, oral administration of hydrocortisone-acetate (HCA) was used to elevate cortisol concentrations in pregnant sows to levels also observed after psychological stress. HCA was administered during three different periods of gestation (115 days in pigs): period 1: 21-50 (P1, n = 10), period 2: 51-80 (P2, n = 10) and period 3: 81-110 (P3, n = 10) days after insemination. Control sows (n = 11) received vehicle from 21-110 days after insemination. When P1-, P2- and P3-sows did not receive HCA, they also received vehicle. During gestation, weekly saliva samples were taken from the sows to determine salivary cortisol concentrations. Treatment effects on sow, litter and piglet characteristics were determined. In addition, two female piglets per litter were subjected to an ACTH-challenge test at 6 weeks of age to determine the adrenocortical response to ACTH. Pigs were slaughtered at 6 months of age and slaughter weight, back fat thickness and percentage of lean meat were analysed. During the period of treatment with HCA, salivary cortisol concentrations were increased in P1-, P2- and P3-sows compared to control sows (P < 0.01). The total number of piglets born per litter did not differ among treatment groups (P > 0.30), but pooled HCA-litters had a higher percentage of live born piglets (P < 0.05) and fewer mummies than control litters (P < 0.05). Gestation length did not differ among treatment groups (P = 0.21), but did affect treatment effects on birth weight. Overall, HCA-piglets weighed less at birth, and remained lighter until weaning (P < 0.05). The salivary cortisol concentrations after i.m. injection of ACTH (2.5 IU/kg) were lower in P1- and P3-piglets compared to control piglets. At slaughter, HCA-treatment indirectly decreased lean meat percentage and increased back fat thickness. In conclusion, elevated peripheral cortisol concentrations in pregnant sows affect both litter characteristics and piglet physiology, the latter depending on the period of gestation during which concentrations were elevated. Underlying mechanisms require further investigation.
|
['Adrenocorticotropic Hormone', 'Animals', 'Animals, Newborn', 'Birth Weight', 'Body Composition', 'Body Weight', 'Female', 'Hydrocortisone', 'Least-Squares Analysis', 'Litter Size', 'Pregnancy', 'Pregnancy Complications', 'Random Allocation', 'Saliva', 'Stress, Physiological', 'Swine']
| 16,107,308
|
[['D06.472.699.327.935.531.500', 'D06.472.699.631.525.600.531.500', 'D12.644.400.400.935.531.500', 'D12.644.548.365.935.531.500', 'D12.644.548.691.525.690.531.500', 'D12.776.631.650.405.935.531.500'], ['B01.050'], ['B01.050.050.282'], ['C23.888.144.186', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120.186', 'E05.041.124.160.750.149', 'G07.100.100.160.120.186', 'G07.345.249.314.120.186'], ['G02.111.130', 'G03.180', 'G07.100.049'], ['C23.888.144', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120', 'E05.041.124.160.750', 'G07.100.100.160.120', 'G07.345.249.314.120'], ['D04.210.500.745.745.654.600', 'D06.472.040.585.353.476', 'D06.472.040.585.478.392'], ['E05.318.740.750.400', 'N05.715.360.750.695.440', 'N06.850.520.830.750.400'], ['G08.686.530', 'G08.686.784.769.498.300'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['C13.703'], ['E05.318.370.700', 'E05.581.500.805', 'N05.715.360.325.675', 'N06.850.520.445.700'], ['A12.200.666'], ['G07.775'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.880']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Optimization of physical and mechanical properties for chitosan-nanocellulose biocomposites.
|
Chitosan (CHT) is a biodegradable compound and has excellent performance in forming films; on the other hand, nanocellulose (NCL) crystals have low densities and are less expensive than other nanofillers. A novel and simple method was applied to develop CHT-NCL nanocomposite (NCP) from CHT powder of high molecular weight and NCL particles having two dimensions in nanoscale; a rotor stator and an ultrasound device were used to separate different nanolayers from each other and facilitate their dispersion into polymer matrix. The optimized NCP indicated superior mechanical properties compared with some synthetic films; approximate values of 47% elongation-at-break, 245MPa tensile strength and 4430MPa Young's modulus were achieved. Water vapour permeability (WVP) value of the NCP was at optimal level of 0.23?10(-11) (g/msPa) which was much less than the most biofilms' WVP values. FESEM analyses revealed that high concentrations of CHT and NCL composed inter-connected structures justifying high elongation capability of CHT-NCL NCP.
|
['Cellulose', 'Chitosan', 'Elastic Modulus', 'Glycerol', 'Nanostructures', 'Permeability', 'Steam', 'Tensile Strength']
| 24,708,973
|
[['D05.750.078.562.180', 'D09.698.365.180', 'D25.720.099.500', 'J01.637.051.720.099.500'], ['D05.750.078.139.500', 'D09.698.211.500'], ['G01.374.590.605'], ['D02.033.800.875.500', 'D09.853.875.500'], ['J01.637.512'], ['G02.723'], ['D01.045.250.875.800', 'D01.248.497.158.459.650.800', 'D01.650.550.925.800', 'G16.500.887', 'N06.230.650'], ['G01.374.850']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
(1-->3)-beta-D-glucan in culture fluid of fungi activates factor G, a limulus coagulation factor.
|
Two well-known polysaccharides, (1-->3)-beta-D-glucan and mannan, are major structural components of the fungus cell wall. The G test is a direct method to measure (1-->3)-beta-D-glucan using a (1-->3)-beta-D-glucan-sensitive component, factor G, fractionated from the limulus lysate. The concentration of (1-->3)-beta-D-glucan in culture supernatants of Candida albicans increased to 1,390.0 pg/ml at 24 hours. The concentration of mannan also increased parallel with fungal growth. However, after digestion of supernatants with endo-(1-->3)-beta-D-glucanase, the reactivity to factor G disappeared, although titers of antimannan monoclonal antibody-based latex agglutination were unchanged. Our study demonstrated that cell suspensions of both C. albicans and Cryptoccocus neoformans activated the limulus factor G, and that not only the conidia form but also the filamentous form of Aspergillus fumigatus reacted with factor G. Various Candida spp. (C. paraspilosis, C. glabrata, C. tropicalis, C. krusei), Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Rhodotorula rubra, Trichosporon beigelii, and A. fumigatus released soluble (1-->3)-beta-D-glucan into their culture supernatants, but C. neoformans and Cunninghamella bertholletiae showed only a small reaction to the G test during their culture. Our results indicate that the G test is a good method for serodiagnosis of deep mycosis and also as a screening tool for contamination of medical devices, drugs, and experimental materials with (1 --> 3)-beta-D-glucan.
|
['Agglutination', 'Animals', 'Antineoplastic Agents', 'Aspergillus fumigatus', 'Candida albicans', 'Cryptococcus neoformans', 'Culture Media', 'Glucan Endo-1,3-beta-D-Glucosidase', 'Glucans', 'Horseshoe Crabs', 'Limulus Test', 'Mannans', 'beta-Glucans']
| 8,531,015
|
[['G02.111.026', 'G12.122.100'], ['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.248'], ['B01.300.381.081.295'], ['B01.300.107.795.095.326', 'B01.300.381.147.326', 'B01.300.930.176.326'], ['B01.300.381.258.366', 'B01.300.930.316.366'], ['D27.720.470.305', 'E07.206'], ['D08.811.277.450.420.200.600'], ['D05.750.078.562', 'D09.698.365'], ['B01.050.500.131.450'], ['E01.370.225.124.470', 'E01.370.225.875.150.570', 'E05.091.570', 'E05.200.124.470', 'E05.200.875.150.570'], ['D09.698.550'], ['D09.698.365.089']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The medaka mutation tintachina sheds light on the evolution of V-ATPase B subunits in vertebrates.
|
Vacuolar-type H(+) ATPases (V-ATPases) are multimeric protein complexes that play a universal role in the acidification of intracellular compartments in eukaryotic cells. We have isolated the recessive medaka mutation tintachina (tch), which carries an inactivating modification of the conserved glycine residue (G75R) of the proton pump subunit atp6v1Ba/vatB1. Mutant embryos show penetrant pigmentation defects, massive brain apoptosis and lethality before hatching. Strikingly, an equivalent mutation in atp6v1B1 (G78R) has been reported in a family of patients suffering from distal renal tubular acidosis (dRTA), a hereditary disease that causes metabolic acidosis due to impaired kidney function. This poses the question as to how molecularly identical mutations result in markedly different phenotypes in two vertebrate species. Our work offers an explanation for this phenomenon. We propose that, after successive rounds of whole-genome duplication, the emergence of paralogous copies allowed the divergence of the atp6v1B cis-regulatory control in different vertebrate groups.
|
['Animals', 'Biological Evolution', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Mutation', 'Oryzias', 'Phenotype', 'Protein Subunits', 'Vacuolar Proton-Translocating ATPases', 'Vertebrates']
| 24,225,653
|
[['B01.050'], ['G05.045', 'G16.075'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G05.365.590'], ['B01.050.150.900.493.850.139.650'], ['G05.695'], ['D12.776.813'], ['D08.811.277.040.025.325.875', 'D08.811.913.696.650.150.500.875', 'D12.776.157.530.450.250.875.500.875', 'D12.776.543.585.450.250.875.500.875'], ['B01.050.150.900']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
A Randomized Controlled Trial of Allopurinol in Patients With Peripheral Arterial Disease.
|
BACKGROUND: Patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD) are limited by intermittent claudication in the distance they can walk. Allopurinol has been shown in coronary arterial disease to prolong exercise before angina occurs, likely by prevention of oxygen wastage in tissues and reduction of harmful oxidative stress.METHODS: In this study we evaluated whether allopurinol could prolong the time to development of leg pain in participants with PAD. In a double-blind, randomized controlled clinical trial participants were randomized to receive either allopurinol 300 mg twice daily or placebo for 6 months. The primary outcome was change in exercise capacity on treadmill testing at 6 months. Secondary outcomes were 6-minute walking distance, Walking Impairment Questionnaire, SF-36 questionnaire, flow-mediated dilatation, and oxidized low-density lipoprotein. Outcome measures were repeated midstudy and at the end of study. The mean age of the 50 participants was 68.4 ± 1.2 years with 39 of 50 (78%) male.RESULTS: Five participants withdrew during the study (2 active, 3 placebo). There was a significant reduction in uric acid levels in those who received active treatment of 52.1% (P < 0.001), but no significant change in either the pain-free or the maximum walking distance. Other measures of exercise capacity, blood vessel function, and the participants' own assessment of their health and walking ability also did not change during the course of the study.CONCLUSIONS: Although allopurinol has been shown to be of benefit in a number of other diseases, in this study there was no evidence of any improvement after treatment in patients with PAD.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Allopurinol', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Double-Blind Method', 'Exercise Test', 'Exercise Tolerance', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Free Radical Scavengers', 'Humans', 'Intermittent Claudication', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Peripheral Arterial Disease', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Walking']
| 26,277,090
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['D03.633.100.759.160'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['E05.318.370.300', 'E05.581.500.300', 'N05.715.360.325.320', 'N06.850.520.445.300'], ['E01.370.370.380.250', 'E01.370.386.700.250', 'E05.333.250'], ['G11.427.680.270'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['D27.505.519.217.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C14.907.137.126.669', 'C23.888.531'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C14.907.137.126.307.500', 'C14.907.617.671'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['G11.427.410.568.900', 'G11.427.410.698.277.937', 'I03.350.937', 'I03.450.642.845.940']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
The effect of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on phytohaemagglutinin stimulated lymphocytes: relevance to possible therapeutic immunosuppression by fenclofenac.
|
Representatives of seven chemical groups of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs were tested for their effect on activation and replicative growth of phytohaemagglutinin stimulated normal human lymphocytes in vitro at concentrations in the high therapeutic range, and, where possible, at 10 times that concentration. Fenclofenac was noted to be suppressive. Fenclofenac and diclofenac (the only available phenylacetic acid derivatives) were studied in more detail. The two drugs were equipotent in vitro. At low concentrations they enhanced replicative growth, due to cyclo-oxygenase inhibition of cells from some subjects, but at higher concentration they suppressed replicative growth of cells from all subjects, with only a minor effect on activation at very high concentration. However, the potency for clinical effect of fenclofenac and diclofenac is very different, because fenclofenac at therapeutic blood concentrations suppressed replicative growth in vitro, whereas therapeutic concentrations of diclofenac were inactive in lymphocyte suppression. It is suggested that the phenylacetic acid derivative non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs may have a composite action in vivo: by inhibition of cyclo-oxygenase they reduce prostaglandin production (and so produce some symptomatic relief in the same manner as the drugs in the other chemical groups of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents) and by suppression of lymphocyte replication they may interfere with the pathogenesis of certain chronic rheumatic diseases.
|
['Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal', 'Cell Survival', 'DNA', 'Flow Cytometry', 'Humans', 'Immunosuppressive Agents', 'Lymphocyte Activation', 'Lymphocytes', 'Phenylacetates', 'Phytohemagglutinins', 'RNA']
| 2,460,411
|
[['D27.505.696.663.850.014.040.500', 'D27.505.954.158.030', 'D27.505.954.329.030'], ['G04.346'], ['D13.444.308'], ['E01.370.225.500.363.342', 'E01.370.225.500.386.350', 'E05.196.712.516.600.240.350', 'E05.200.500.363.342', 'E05.200.500.386.350', 'E05.242.363.342', 'E05.242.386.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D27.505.696.477.656'], ['E01.370.225.812.482', 'E05.200.812.482', 'E05.478.594.530', 'G12.450.050.400.545', 'G12.565'], ['A11.118.637.555.567', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567', 'A15.382.490.555.567'], ['D02.241.223.601'], ['D12.776.395.560.825', 'D12.776.503.499.750', 'D12.776.765.678.750'], ['D13.444.735']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Irreversible oxidation of ferricytochrome c by lignin peroxidase.
|
Lignin peroxidase (LiP) from Phanerochaete chrysosporium catalyzes irreversible oxidative damage to ferricytochrome c (Cc3+) in the presence of H2O2 and 3,4-dimethoxybenzyl (veratryl) alcohol (VA). Atomic absorption analysis and UV/vis spectroscopy indicate that the oxidation of Cc3+ is accompanied by a loss of heme iron from the protein and probably oxidation of the porphyrin ring. At H2O2 concentrations of 7.5 microM or higher, this oxidation of Cc3+ by LiP is strictly dependent on the presence of VA. The latter is not oxidized to veratraldehyde at a significant rate in the presence of either ferrocytochrome c (Cc2+) or Cc3+, indicating it is not stimulating the reactions by specifically reducing LiP compound II. LiP is inactivated rapidly in 100 microM H2O2, and the presence of 500 microM VA protects LiP from this inactivation. Neither 20 microM Cc3+ nor 20 microM VA alone can protect LiP from inactivation; however, 20 microM each of VA and Cc3+ together protect LiP fully. This and other results strongly suggest that VA is acting as a protein-bound redox mediator in the oxidation of Cc3+. SDS-PAGE analysis of the Cc3+ oxidation products demonstrates the formation of some covalently linked dimer of Cc3+ in addition to the oxidized Cc3+ monomer. Amino acid analysis of the dimeric and monomeric products indicates the presence of oxidized Met and Tyr residues. This suggests that Tyr residues on the surface of the protein are oxidized to Tyr radicals during LiP oxidation and that some of these radicals subsequently undergo intermolecular radical coupling, resulting in dimerization of some of the Cc3+ molecules. However, most of the Cc3+ molecules appear to be irreversibly oxidized without dimerization. These results demonstrate that Cc3+ can serve as a useful polymeric model of the lignin substrate in studying the enzymatic mechanism of lignin oxidation and the role of VA in the reaction.
|
['Basidiomycota', 'Benzyl Alcohols', 'Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'Cytochrome c Group', 'Dimerization', 'Oxidation-Reduction', 'Peroxidases']
| 9,485,329
|
[['B01.300.179'], ['D02.033.160', 'D02.455.426.559.389.140.200'], ['E05.196.181.400.300'], ['D08.244.286', 'D12.776.422.220.286'], ['G02.206', 'G03.230'], ['G02.700', 'G03.295.531'], ['D08.811.682.732']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Use of Geriatric Assessment Tools in Selecting Therapies in Women Aged ?70 Years With Hormone Receptor-Positive Early-Stage Breast Cancer: Preliminary Experience With a Quality Improvement Initiative.
|
PURPOSE: To develop a multidisciplinary algorithmic approach to management of women aged ?70 years with clinically staged T1N0 hormone receptor-positive breast cancer, including geriatric assessments predicting life expectancy and the likelihood of functional decline in the near future, in the context of a program-wide quality improvement initiative, to better select patients for therapeutic interventions.METHODS AND MATERIALS: Two geriatric assessment tools, the Combined Lee-Schonberg Index and the Vulnerable Elderly Scale, were introduced into our clinical workflow to predict long-term mortality and likelihood of functional decline. Scores from these tools, along with patient preferences and clinical features, were incorporated into a preoperative algorithm addressing the use of sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB), and a postoperative algorithm addressing the use of adjuvant radiation therapy (RT).RESULTS: The algorithms were approved for use in August 2015. Twenty-four patients were identified by in-clinic screening and have been managed using the algorithms as a guide. Mean patient age was 80 years (range, 71-89 years). Per the preoperative algorithm, consideration of omission of SLNB was an option in 11 of 24 patients (46%), and in total 18 of 24 (75%) opted against SLNB. Per the postsurgical algorithm, consideration of omission of adjuvant RT was an option for 19 of 24 patients (79%), and in total 17 of 24 (71%) opted to forego RT.CONCLUSION: Incorporation of simple geriatric assessments seems to have had a marked impact on decision making regarding both surgical and adjuvant therapies for women aged ?70 years with early-stage hormone-positive breast cancer compared with historical patterns, with ?71% omission of both SLNB and adjuvant RT in patients managed according to an institutional quality improvement initiative.
|
['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Algorithms', 'Breast Neoplasms', 'Dose Fractionation, Radiation', 'Female', 'Geriatric Assessment', 'Humans', 'Life Expectancy', 'Practice Guidelines as Topic', 'Prognosis', 'Quality Improvement', 'Radiotherapy, Adjuvant', 'Receptors, Estrogen', 'Receptors, Progesterone', 'Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy']
| 28,366,577
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['C04.588.180', 'C17.800.090.500'], ['E02.815.639.200'], ['E05.318.308.225', 'I01.240.425.350', 'N01.224.425.350', 'N05.715.360.300.360', 'N06.850.505.400.425.350', 'N06.850.520.308.225'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.985.450', 'N01.224.935.464', 'N06.850.505.400.975.450', 'N06.850.520.308.985.450'], ['N04.761.700.350.650', 'N05.700.350.650'], ['E01.789'], ['J01.293.754', 'N04.761.744'], ['E02.186.775', 'E02.815.600'], ['D12.776.826.750.350', 'D12.776.930.778.350'], ['D12.776.826.750.765'], ['E01.370.225.500.384.100.580', 'E01.370.225.998.054.580', 'E01.370.388.100.580', 'E04.074.580', 'E04.446.819', 'E05.200.500.384.100.580', 'E05.200.998.054.580', 'E05.242.384.100.580']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
A Type-2 Fuzzy Image Processing Expert System for Diagnosing Brain Tumors.
|
The focus of this paper is diagnosing and differentiating Astrocytomas in MRI scans by developing an interval Type-2 fuzzy automated tumor detection system. This system consists of three modules: working memory, knowledge base, and inference engine. An image processing method with three steps of preprocessing, segmentation and feature extraction, and approximate reasoning is used in inference engine module to enhance the quality of MRI scans, segment them into desired regions, extract the required features, and finally diagnose and differentiate Astrocytomas. However, brain tumors have different characteristics in different planes, so considering one plane of patient's MRI scan may cause inaccurate results. Therefore, in the developed system, several consecutive planes are processed. The performance of this system is evaluated using 95 MRI scans and the results show good improvement in diagnosing and differentiating Astrocytomas.
|
['Algorithms', 'Astrocytoma', 'Brain Neoplasms', 'Expert Systems', 'Fuzzy Logic', 'Humans', 'Image Processing, Computer-Assisted', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging']
| 26,276,018
|
[['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['C04.557.465.625.600.380.080', 'C04.557.470.670.380.080', 'C04.557.580.625.600.380.080'], ['C04.588.614.250.195', 'C10.228.140.211', 'C10.551.240.250'], ['L01.224.050.375.190'], ['E05.599.250', 'K01.752.448.250', 'L01.224.050.375.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.224.308'], ['E01.370.350.825.500']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Unique expression, processing regulation, and regulatory network of peach (Prunus persica) miRNAs.
|
BACKGROUND: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have recently emerged as important gene regulators in plants. MiRNAs and their targets have been extensively studied in Arabidopsis and rice. However, relatively little is known about the characterization of miRNAs and their target genes in peach (Prunus persica), which is a complex crop with unique developmental programs.RESULTS: We performed small RNA deep sequencing and identified 47 peach-specific and 47 known miRNAs or families with distinct expression patterns. Together, the identified miRNAs targeted 80 genes, many of which have not been reported previously. Like the model plant systems, peach has two of the three conserved trans-acting siRNA biogenesis pathways with similar mechanistic features and target specificity. Unique to peach, three of the miRNAs collectively target 49 MYBs, 19 of which are known to regulate phenylpropanoid metabolism, a key pathway associated with stone hardening and fruit color development, highlighting a critical role of miRNAs in the regulation of peach fruit development and ripening. We also found that the majority of the miRNAs were differentially regulated in different tissues, in part due to differential processing of miRNA precursors. Up to 16% of the peach-specific miRNAs were differentially processed from their precursors in a tissue specific fashion, which has been rarely observed in plant cells. The miRNA precursor processing activity appeared not to be coupled with its transcriptional activity but rather acted independently in peach.CONCLUSIONS: Collectively, the data characterizes the unique expression pattern and processing regulation of peach miRNAs and demonstrates the presence of a complex, multi-level miRNA regulatory network capable of targeting a wide variety of biological functions, including phenylpropanoid pathways which play a multifaceted spatial-temporal role in peach fruit development.
|
['Base Sequence', 'Conserved Sequence', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Plant', 'Gene Regulatory Networks', 'MicroRNAs', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Nucleic Acid Conformation', 'Organ Specificity', 'Plant Proteins', 'Prunus', 'RNA Processing, Post-Transcriptional', 'RNA, Small Interfering', 'Species Specificity', 'Transcription Factors']
| 22,909,020
|
[['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['G02.111.570.580'], ['G05.308.375'], ['G05.360.080.689.360'], ['D13.150.650.319', 'D13.444.735.150.319', 'D13.444.735.790.552.500'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G02.111.570.820.486', 'G05.360.580'], ['G07.650'], ['D12.776.765'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.859.937.500.625'], ['G02.111.760', 'G03.839', 'G05.308.700'], ['D13.150.650.700', 'D13.444.735.150.700', 'D13.444.735.790.552.875'], ['G16.824'], ['D12.776.930']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Minimal oxidation and inflammogenicity of pristine graphene with residence in the lung.
|
Two-dimensional graphitic carbon, graphene, is a new form of nanomaterial with great potential in a wide variety of applications. It is therefore crucial to investigate the behaviour of graphene in biological systems to assess potential adverse effects that might follow from inhalation exposure. In this study we focussed on medium-term effects of graphene in lung tissue by investigating the pulmonary inflammation 6 weeks after pharyngeal aspiration of unoxidised multilayered graphene platelets (GPs) in mice and assessed their biopersistence in the lung tissue using Raman spectroscopy. Additionally, GP degradation in vitro was examined after horseradish peroxidase (HRP) treatment up to 1 week. Building on our previous report showing acute inflammation in mice lungs at 1 day, pristine GP showed minimal inflammation in mouse lungs after 6 weeks even though no degradation of GP in lung tissue was observed and large deposits of GP were evident in the lungs. Raman analysis of GP in tissue sections showed minimal oxidation, and in vitro examinations of enzymatic oxidation of GP via HRP and H2O2 showed only slight increases in ID/IG ratio and the appearance of the Raman D' band at 1620 cm(-1) (surrogates of graphene oxidation). Our results showing non-inflammogenicity at medium time points have important implications in the hazard identification of GPs following inhalation exposure and for their use in biomedical applications. Additionally, the biopersistence of pristine GP in vivo with no associated inflammation could open the way to applications in tissue engineering and drug delivery.
|
['Animals', 'Female', 'Graphite', 'Horseradish Peroxidase', 'Inhalation Exposure', 'Lung', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Oxidation-Reduction', 'Pneumonia', 'Spectrum Analysis, Raman']
| 23,924,429
|
[['B01.050'], ['D01.268.150.300', 'D01.578.300'], ['D08.811.682.732.512'], ['N06.850.460.350.112'], ['A04.411'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['G02.700', 'G03.295.531'], ['C01.748.610', 'C08.381.677', 'C08.730.610'], ['E05.196.822.860', 'E05.196.867.890']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Noninfectious inflammation after intravitreal injection of aflibercept: clinical characteristics and visual outcomes.
|
PURPOSE: To report the presenting features and clinical outcomes of a series of patients with noninfectious inflammation after intravitreal aflibercept injection.DESIGN: Noncomparative consecutive case series.METHODS: Medical records of patients who presented with noninfectious inflammation after intravitreal aflibercept injection between November 18, 2011 and June 30, 2013 were retrospectively reviewed.RESULTS: A total of 20 cases of postinjection inflammation were identified in 5356 aflibercept injections. The patients presented 1-13 days after aflibercept injection (median 3 days); all noted decreased vision, while 3 of 20 (15%) had pain and 2 of 20 (10%) had conjunctival injection. One patient had a hypopyon (0.5 mm), and the average anterior chamber cell was 1.8+ (range 0 to 4+). All eyes had some degree of vitritis (average 1.8+; range 0.5+ to 4+). Patients on average had received 6 prior aflibercept injections (range 0-16). Only 1 patient-the first to present with inflammation in this series-received an intravitreal tap (culture negative) and injection of antibiotics. All patients were managed with frequent topical steroids and were followed closely for signs of improvement. All but 1 patient regained their preinjection visual acuity (average: 33 days; range: 7-73 days). Four patients were subsequently rechallenged with aflibercept, and 1 developed inflammation again after 5 additional aflibercept injections. The overall incidence of inflammation after intravitreal aflibercept injection was 20 of 5356 injections (0.37%) or 19 of 844 patients (2.25%). However, a disproportionate number of cases clustered around 1 provider (17/20, 85%; P < .001 vs all other providers) and around the 2 office locations where this physician primarily worked (16/20, 75%; P < .001 vs 5 other offices).CONCLUSIONS: Noninfectious inflammation after intravitreal aflibercept injection typically presents without pain, conjunctival injection, or hypopyon, and responds to topical steroid therapy. The visual outcomes are generally favorable, though the return to baseline acuity can take many weeks.
|
['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Angiogenesis Inhibitors', 'Endophthalmitis', 'Female', 'Glucocorticoids', 'Humans', 'Intravitreal Injections', 'Male', 'Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor', 'Recombinant Fusion Proteins', 'Retinal Vein Occlusion', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Visual Acuity', 'Wet Macular Degeneration']
| 24,983,791
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['D27.505.696.377.077.099', 'D27.505.696.377.450.100', 'D27.505.954.248.025'], ['C01.375.265', 'C11.294.265'], ['D06.472.040.543', 'D27.505.696.399.472.488'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.319.267.530.475.500'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.400.950', 'D12.776.543.750.630.750', 'D12.776.543.750.750.400.910'], ['D12.776.828.300'], ['C11.768.760', 'C14.907.355.830.925.650', 'C14.907.760'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E01.370.380.850.950', 'F02.463.593.932.901', 'G14.940'], ['C11.768.585.439.622']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Are preterm-born survivors at risk of long-term respiratory disease?
|
BACKGROUND: To evaluate the long-term impact of preterm birth on respiratory function in female patients born preterm, we undertook spirometric examinations twice, as they reached the age of puberty, then follow-up examinations of part of the same cohort in adulthood. We sought evidence that preterm birth is correlated with poorer spirometric results into adulthood.METHODS: A total of 70 girls (aged 12.2 ± 1.5 years in 1997) who had been born preterm (at 34.7 ± 1.86 weeks, none having experienced bronchopulmonary dysplasia) took part in spriometric examinations in 1997 and again in 1998. Of those, after a gap of 17 years, a group of 12 were successfully recontacted and participated in the 2015 examination as adults (then aged 27.6 ± 2.6 years, born at 34.5 ± 1.92 weeks). We compared spirometric results across the adolescent and adult examinations, and compared the adult results with an adult reference group.RESULTS: The percentage values of FEV1 (forced expiratory volume in 1 s), FVC (forced vital capacity) and MVV (maximal voluntary ventilation) showed significant improvement between the two examinations in the early adolescent period. In adulthood, FEV1%pred (percentage predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 s) showed no statistically significant difference. The mean values of both FVC and FVC%pred (percentage predicted forced vital capacity) for the preterm-born group were lower than for the reference group, but this was not statistically significant. The preterm-born group showed lower values of such parameters as forced expiratory flow at 25-75% of FVC, MEF25 (maximal expiratory flow at 25% of forced vital capacity) and FEV1/FVC as compared with the reference group, but again without statistical significance.CONCLUSIONS: (1) A somewhat below-norm level of respiratory parameters among preterm-born girls entering pubescence may attest to continued negative impact on their respiratory system. (2) A significant improvement in their spirometric results 1 year later may indicate that pubescence helps compensate for the earlier negative effect of preterm birth. (3) No significant differences were seen in lung function in preterm-born adults as compared with a reference group of adults, although the preterm-born group did exhibit lower values of all parameters studied and more frequent obstructive disorders.
|
['Adolescent', 'Age Factors', 'Child', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Forced Expiratory Volume', 'Gestational Age', 'Humans', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Infant, Premature', 'Lung', 'Lung Diseases', 'Maximal Midexpiratory Flow Rate', 'Premature Birth', 'Puberty', 'Risk Factors', 'Spirometry', 'Time Factors', 'Vital Capacity']
| 28,614,994
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['M01.060.406'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['E01.370.386.700.660.230', 'G09.772.650.430'], ['G07.345.500.325.235.968', 'G08.686.320'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['M01.060.703.520.520'], ['A04.411'], ['C08.381'], ['E01.370.386.700.660.225.510', 'G09.772.650.300.670'], ['C13.703.420.491.500'], ['G08.686.760', 'G08.686.841.374'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['E01.370.386.700.750'], ['G01.910.857'], ['E01.370.386.700.485.750.900', 'G09.772.850.970']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Overexpression of long noncoding RNA PCAT-1 is a novel biomarker of poor prognosis in patients with colorectal cancer.
|
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNA) are emerging as key molecules in human cancer. Prostate cancer-associated ncRNA transcripts 1 (PCAT-1), a lncRNA, has been recently revealed involving in human prostate cancer progression. However, whether PCAT-1 could serve as novel biomarker to predict prognosis in colorectal cancer (CRC) or not is unknown. We therefore carried out the present study to explore the correlation between PCAT-1 expression and the progression of CRC. In this study, the expression of PCAT-1 in 108 cases of CRC tissues and matched 81 adjacent normal tissues were determined by quantitative real-time PCR. Furthermore, the copy number variation of PCAT-1 was also measured in 17 tumor tissues and matched normal tissues. Our results showed that PCAT-1 expression in CRC tissues was significantly upregulated compared with the matched normal tissues (p < 0.001) and the overexpression of PCAT-1(upregulated by more than 50 %) was found in 64 % (62/81) of CRC. Moreover, PCAT-1 gene copy number variation explains only a few percent of observed overexpression. In addition, there was a significant association between PCAT-1 expression and distant metastasis (p = 0.04), but not other clinical characteristics. More important, CRC patients with PCAT-1 higher expression have shown significantly poorer overall survival than those with lower PCAT-1 expression (p < 0.001). Also, multivariable Cox regression analysis identified PCAT-1 overexpression as an independent prognostic factor for CRC (p = 0.007, HR = 3.12 95 %CI = 1.355-7.185). In conclusion, our results suggest that high expression of PCAT-1 is involved in CRC progression and could be a novel biomarker of poor prognosis in patient with colorectal cancer.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Biomarkers, Tumor', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Colorectal Neoplasms', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Kaplan-Meier Estimate', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Prognosis', 'RNA, Long Noncoding', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Risk Factors']
| 23,640,607
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['D23.101.140'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['C04.588.274.476.411.307', 'C06.301.371.411.307', 'C06.405.249.411.307', 'C06.405.469.158.356', 'C06.405.469.491.307', 'C06.405.469.860.180'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.740.998.650', 'N05.715.360.750.795.650', 'N06.850.520.830.998.650'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.789'], ['D13.444.735.790.375'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Cefamandole in the treatment of infections due to Enterobacter and indole-positive Proteus.
|
Clinical and bacteriologic results are reported for 80 patients treated with 1.5--12 g of cefamandole daily for a variety of infections caused by Enterobacter and indole-positive Proteus, organisms that have been resistant to most available cephalosporins. Of 45 patients with infections due to Enterobacter, 41 (91%) had satisfactory clinical responses; 36 were bacteriologic successes, and six cases of complicated urinary tract infections relapsed. Of 37 patients with infections due to indole-positive Proteus, 28 (88%) were clinical successes and 30 (81%) were bacteriologic successes. Fourteen cases of complicated urinary tract infection relapsed. Of 104 patients in whom the drug was evaluated for safety, use of cefamandole was discontinued in five; nine adverse reactions were considered drug-related. A summary of published in vitro data shows that the majority of strains of these organisms were susceptible to cefamandole at concentrations achievable in the serum. Minimal inhibitory concentrations are variable, and there is a significant inoculum effect, the clinical significance of which has not been determined.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Cefamandole', 'Cephalosporins', 'Enterobacter', 'Enterobacteriaceae Infections', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Proteus Infections', 'Pyelonephritis', 'Skin Ulcer', 'Surgical Wound Infection', 'Urinary Tract Infections']
| 649,997
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D02.065.589.099.249.150', 'D02.886.665.074.150', 'D03.633.100.300.249.150'], ['D02.065.589.099.249', 'D02.886.665.074', 'D03.633.100.300.249'], ['B03.440.450.425.275', 'B03.660.250.150.170'], ['C01.150.252.400.310'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C01.150.252.400.310.708'], ['C12.777.419.570.643.790', 'C12.777.419.570.821.717', 'C13.351.968.419.570.643.790', 'C13.351.968.419.570.821.717'], ['C17.800.893'], ['C01.947.692', 'C23.550.767.925'], ['C01.915', 'C12.777.892', 'C13.351.968.892']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Inhibitory effects of ketamine on the isolated uteri of the rat: evidence for the mechanism of action.
|
The inhibitory effect of ketamine on the agonist-induced contraction of isolated rat uteri was compared with that of papaverine and verapamil. Under similar experimental conditions papaverine and verapamil were found to be more potent than ketamine. When preparations were preincubated for 20 min with either ketamine (3 X 10(-5) to 10(-3) M) or papaverine (10(-6) to 10(-5) M), a noncompetitive antagonism was observed against oxytocin with pD'2 values of 3.67 +/- 0.07 and 5.13 +/- 0.10, respectively. A noncompetitive form of antagonism was also observed by papaverine against BaCl2 with pD'2 values of 4.59 +/- 0.15, while ketamine produced competitive antagonism with a pA2 value of 4.68 +/- 0.12. It was also demonstrated that all three inhibitory drugs interfere competitively with Ca2+ on the rat uteri. However, ketamine was shown to be less potent than verapamil and papaverine in antagonizing the effects owing to an increased Ca2+ concentration in the medium. These results are consistent with previous publications that ketamine has a papaverinelike effect on the rat uteri and suggest that the relaxation promoted in this preparation is due, at least in part, to blockade of the Ca2+ translocation processes.
|
['Animals', 'Barium', 'Barium Compounds', 'Chlorides', 'Female', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Ketamine', 'Oxytocin', 'Papaverine', 'Potassium', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Strains', 'Uterine Contraction', 'Uterus', 'Verapamil']
| 6,661,686
|
[['B01.050'], ['D01.268.552.050', 'D01.268.556.062', 'D01.552.539.124', 'D01.552.544.062'], ['D01.103'], ['D01.210.450.150', 'D01.248.497.158.215'], ['E05.481'], ['D02.455.426.392.368.367.652'], ['D06.472.699.631.692.433', 'D12.644.548.691.692.433'], ['D03.132.098.666', 'D03.132.577.750', 'D03.633.100.531.085.666'], ['D01.268.549.550', 'D01.268.557.575', 'D01.552.528.652', 'D01.552.547.650'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400'], ['G08.686.784.769.326.700', 'G11.427.494.890'], ['A05.360.319.679'], ['D02.092.471.683.953']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Myocardial Ischemia caused by a coronary anomaly: left circumflex coronary artery arising from right sinus of valsalva.
|
We present the case of a patient in whom a previously undetected anomalous origin of the circumflex coronary artery caused myocardial ischemia and led to positive myocardial scintigraphic results. Subsequent coronary angiography showed that the left circumflex coronary artery arose from the right coronary ostium-an anomaly that has been associated with chest discomfort-without atherosclerotic lesions. The peripheral distribution of the left circumflex artery was normal. We describe the clinical and angiographic findings in our patient and discuss the relationship between coronary artery anomalies and ischemia.
|
['Aged', 'Coronary Angiography', 'Coronary Vessel Anomalies', 'Dyspnea', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Myocardial Ischemia']
| 15,562,848
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['E01.370.350.130.625', 'E01.370.350.700.060.200', 'E01.370.370.050.200', 'E01.370.370.380.200'], ['C14.240.400.210', 'C14.280.400.210', 'C16.131.240.400.210'], ['C08.618.326', 'C23.888.852.371'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C14.280.647', 'C14.907.585']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Chronic effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition on kinin receptor binding sites in the rat spinal cord.
|
With the use of in vitro receptor autoradiography, this study aims at determining whether the higher level of kinin B(2) receptor density in the spinal cord of the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) is secondary to arterial hypertension and whether chronic treatment with angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) can regulate neuronal B(1) and B(2) receptors. SHR received, from the age of 4 wk, one of the two ACEI (lisinopril or zofenopril, 10 mg x kg(-1) x day(-1)) or for comparison, the selective AT(1) antagonist (losartan, 20 mg x kg(-1) x day(-1)) in their drinking water for a period of 4, 12, and 20 wk. Age-matched untreated SHR and Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) were used as controls. B(2) receptor binding sites in most laminae were higher in SHR than in WKY from the age of 8 to 24 wk. Whereas B(1) receptor binding sites were significantly present in young SHR and WKY, they were barely detectable in adult rats. ACEI (16 and 24 wk) and AT(1) antagonist (24 wk) enhanced the number of B(2) without changing B(1) receptor binding sites. However, at 8 wk the three treatments significantly increased B(1) and decreased B(2) receptors in lamina I. It is concluded that 1) the higher density of B(2) receptors in the spinal cord of SHR is not due to hypertension, 2) kinin receptors are regulated differently by ACEI in neuronal and vascular tissues, and 3) aging may have a profound impact on levels of B(1) and B(2) receptors in the rat spinal cord.
|
['Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors', 'Animals', 'Antihypertensive Agents', 'Autoradiography', 'Blood Pressure', 'Body Weight', 'Bradykinin Receptor Antagonists', 'Hypertension', 'Losartan', 'Male', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred SHR', 'Rats, Inbred WKY', 'Receptor, Bradykinin B1', 'Receptor, Bradykinin B2', 'Receptors, Bradykinin', 'Species Specificity', 'Spinal Cord']
| 12,586,640
|
[['D27.505.519.389.745.085'], ['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.411.162'], ['E01.370.225.750.132', 'E05.200.750.132', 'E05.799.256'], ['E01.370.600.875.249', 'G09.330.380.076'], ['C23.888.144', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120', 'E05.041.124.160.750', 'G07.100.100.160.120', 'G07.345.249.314.120'], ['D27.505.519.265'], ['C14.907.489'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.185.475', 'D03.383.129.308.507', 'D03.383.129.617.467'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760.300', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400.300'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760.390', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400.390'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.080.249', 'D12.776.543.750.720.600.220.249', 'D12.776.543.750.750.555.220.249'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.080.500', 'D12.776.543.750.720.600.220.500', 'D12.776.543.750.750.555.220.500'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.080', 'D12.776.543.750.720.600.220', 'D12.776.543.750.750.555.220'], ['G16.824'], ['A08.186.854']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Cytokines in gingival crevicular fluid of adolescents and young adults.
|
BACKGROUND/AIM: The purpose of this study was to compare the levels of the cytokines interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), IL-4, and IL-8 in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of adolescents and young adults.METHODS: Twenty-five adolescents aged between 14 and 16 years (Group A) and 20 periodontally healthy young adults aged between 25 and 35 years (Group B) were selected from two private dental clinics limited to pedodontics and periodontics respectively in Piraeus Greece. All subjects were systemically healthy. Clinical examination included probing pocket depth (PPD), presence or absence of plaque, and bleeding on probing (BOP). GCF was collected from four sites per subject. IL-1beta, IL-4, and IL-8, measured as total amounts (pg/30 s), were evaluated in 180 samples using a commercially available sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.RESULTS: IL-1beta mean levels of Groups A and B were adjusted for BOP and PPD. Differences of IL-1beta mean levels between the two age groups were statistically significant (F = 50.245, P < 0.001) in favour of Group A. Adolescents showed statistically significantly lower mean levels of IL-4 than young adults in the presence of BOP (F = 10.690, P = 0.001). There was no statistically significant difference between adolescents and adults for the means of IL-8 adjusted for BOP and plaque presence (F = 2.032, P = 0.161).CONCLUSIONS: Within the limits of this study the differences reported in mean levels of IL-1beta and IL-4 may be attributed to the different age status.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Age Factors', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Dental Plaque', 'Female', 'Gingival Crevicular Fluid', 'Humans', 'Interleukin-1beta', 'Interleukin-4', 'Interleukin-8', 'Male', 'Periodontal Index']
| 19,121,063
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['C07.793.208.377'], ['A12.383.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.010.600', 'D12.644.276.374.500.400.600', 'D12.776.467.374.465.010.600', 'D12.776.467.374.500.400.600', 'D23.529.374.465.131.600', 'D23.529.374.500.400.600'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.186', 'D12.776.467.374.465.178', 'D23.529.374.465.186'], ['D12.644.276.374.200.120.800', 'D12.644.276.374.465.312', 'D12.776.467.374.200.120.800', 'D12.776.467.374.465.246', 'D23.125.300.120.800', 'D23.469.200.120.800', 'D23.529.374.200.120.800', 'D23.529.374.465.312'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.300.725', 'E06.208.720', 'E06.721.658', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.300.690', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.300.725', 'N06.890.160.215']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Homocysteine, circulating vascular cell adhesion molecule and carotid atherosclerosis in postmenopausal vegetarian women and omnivores.
|
Since the adoption of vegetarian diets as a healthy lifestyle has become popular, the cardiovascular effects of long-term vegetarianism need to be explored. The present study aimed to compare the presence and severity of carotid atherosclerosis (CA), and the blood levels of Vitamin B12, homocysteine (Hcy) and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1) between 57 healthy postmenopausal vegetarians and 61 age-matched omnivores. Carotid atherosclerosis, as measured by ultrasound, was found to be of no significant difference between the two groups. Yet, fasting blood glucose, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and Vitamin B12 were significantly lower, while Hcy and sVCAM-1 were higher in the vegetarians as comparing with the omnivores. Multivariate regression analysis showed that the level of Vitamin B12 was negatively associated with the level of Hcy. Vegetarianism itself and Hcy level were significantly associated with sVCAM-1 level in univariate analysis; however, after adjustment for covariates, we identified age but not vegetarianism as the determinant of sVCAM-1 level. Multiple linear regression analysis identified age and systolic blood pressure, but not vegetarianism, as determinants of common carotid artery IMT. In conclusion, there was no significant difference in CA between apparently healthy postmenopausal vegetarians and omnivores. The findings of elevated Hcy in vegetarians indicate the importance of prevention of Vitamin B12 deficiency.
|
['Biomarkers', 'Carotid Artery Diseases', 'Diet, Vegetarian', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Homocysteine', 'Humans', 'Immunoassay', 'Middle Aged', 'Postmenopause', 'Prognosis', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Severity of Illness Index', 'Time Factors', 'Ultrasonography', 'Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1']
| 16,005,009
|
[['D23.101'], ['C10.228.140.300.200', 'C14.907.253.123'], ['E02.642.249.300', 'G07.203.650.240.300'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['D02.886.030.498', 'D12.125.166.498'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.478.566', 'E05.601.470'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G08.686.157.500.625', 'G08.686.841.249.500.625'], ['E01.789'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475.456.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.364.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.364.500'], ['G01.910.857'], ['E01.370.350.850'], ['D12.776.395.550.200.920', 'D12.776.543.550.200.920', 'D23.050.301.350.920']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Transfection of genetically encoded photoswitchable probes for STORM imaging.
|
Conventional fluorescence microscopy is limited by its spatial resolution, leaving many biological structures too small to be studied in detail. Stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (STORM) is a method for superresolution fluorescence imaging based on the high accuracy localization of individual fluorophores. It uses optically switchable fluorophores: molecules that can be switched between a nonfluorescent and a fluorescent state by exposure to light. This protocol describes the transfection of genetically encoded photoswitchable probes for STORM imaging. It includes a discussion of how to choose a photoswitchable fluorescent protein; standard molecular biology techniques should be used to generate a plasmid containing the sequence of the photoswitchable protein linked to the gene of interest. Once the plasmid has been generated and has been verified, it can be introduced into cells via any standard means of gene delivery, such as lipofection or electroporation. Optimal conditions will vary considerably for different cell lines and plasmids. Here, we present an example protocol for the transfection of BS-C-1 cells with an mEos2-vimentin plasmid using the lipid-based reagent FuGENE6.
|
['Animals', 'Cell Line', 'Chlorocebus aethiops', 'Fluorescent Dyes', 'Luminescent Proteins', 'Microscopy, Fluorescence', 'Optical Imaging', 'Plasmids', 'Staining and Labeling', 'Transfection']
| 23,734,026
|
[['B01.050'], ['A11.251.210'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.199.120.126.110'], ['D27.720.233.348', 'D27.720.470.410.505.500'], ['D12.776.532'], ['E01.370.350.515.458', 'E05.595.458'], ['E01.370.350.589', 'E05.642'], ['G05.360.600'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.670', 'E01.370.225.750.600.670', 'E05.200.500.620.670', 'E05.200.750.600.670'], ['E05.393.350.810', 'G05.728.860']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Identifying actives from HTS data sets: practical approaches for the selection of an appropriate HTS data-processing method and quality control review.
|
High-throughput screening (HTS) has achieved a dominant role in drug discovery over the past 2 decades. The goal of HTS is to identify active compounds (hits) by screening large numbers of diverse chemical compounds against selected targets and/or cellular phenotypes. The HTS process consists of multiple automated steps involving compound handling, liquid transfers, and assay signal capture, all of which unavoidably contribute to systematic variation in the screening data. The challenge is to distinguish biologically active compounds from assay variability. Traditional plate controls-based and non-controls-based statistical methods have been widely used for HTS data processing and active identification by both the pharmaceutical industry and academic sectors. More recently, improved robust statistical methods have been introduced, reducing the impact of systematic row/column effects in HTS data. To apply such robust methods effectively and properly, we need to understand their necessity and functionality. Data from 6 HTS case histories are presented to illustrate that robust statistical methods may sometimes be misleading and can result in more, rather than less, false positives or false negatives. In practice, no single method is the best hit detection method for every HTS data set. However, to aid the selection of the most appropriate HTS data-processing and active identification methods, the authors developed a 3-step statistical decision methodology. Step 1 is to determine the most appropriate HTS data-processing method and establish criteria for quality control review and active identification from 3-day assay signal window and DMSO validation tests. Step 2 is to perform a multilevel statistical and graphical review of the screening data to exclude data that fall outside the quality control criteria. Step 3 is to apply the established active criterion to the quality-assured data to identify the active compounds.
|
['Biological Assay', 'Data Interpretation, Statistical', 'Dimethyl Sulfoxide', 'Drug Discovery', 'False Positive Reactions', 'High-Throughput Screening Assays', 'Quality Control', 'Validation Studies as Topic']
| 21,160,066
|
[['E05.091'], ['E05.245.380', 'E05.318.740.300', 'L01.313.500.750.190.380', 'N05.715.360.750.300', 'N06.850.520.830.300'], ['D02.886.640.150'], ['E05.295', 'H01.158.703.007.675', 'H01.181.466.675'], ['E01.354.506'], ['E05.916.680'], ['J01.897.608'], ['E05.337.925', 'N05.715.360.335.500']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Involvement of bax/bcl-2 in wogonin-induced apoptosis of human hepatoma cell line SMMC-7721.
|
The molecular mechanisms of wogonin-induced apoptosis of human hepatoma SMMC-7721 cells are reported. Wogonin treatment resulted in significant inhibition of SMMC-7721 cells in a time-dependent and concentration-dependent manner. Typical morphological changes and apoptotic blebbing in SMMC-7721 cells were observed after treatment with 1x10(-4) mol/l wogonin for a period of 0-48 h. Flow cytometry and Annexin-V/propidium iodide double-staining experiments revealed a dramatic increase in the number of apoptotic and G0/G1 phase cells after wogonin treatment. The proapoptotic activity of wogonin is attributed to its ability to modulate the expression of bcl-2 and bax proteins. It is observed that the expression of bax protein is dramatically increased whereas the synthesis of bc1-2 protein is significantly decreased when cells are treated with wogonin. The results presented in this paper suggested an important relationship between gene regulation and wogonin-induced apoptosis, and indicated the possibility of developing naturally occurring monoflavonoids as novel anticancer agents for better management of human cancers.
|
['Annexin A5', 'Apoptosis', 'Blotting, Western', 'Carcinoma, Hepatocellular', 'Cell Cycle', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Cell Shape', 'Colorimetry', 'DNA Fragmentation', 'DNA, Neoplasm', 'Flavanones', 'Humans', 'Propidium', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2', 'Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Tetrazolium Salts', 'Thiazoles', 'bcl-2-Associated X Protein']
| 16,926,629
|
[['D12.776.157.125.050.100'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['E05.196.401.143', 'E05.301.300.096', 'E05.478.566.320.200', 'E05.601.262', 'E05.601.470.320.200'], ['C04.557.470.200.025.255', 'C04.588.274.623.160', 'C06.301.623.160', 'C06.552.697.160'], ['G04.144'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['G04.320'], ['E05.196.922.250'], ['G05.200.230'], ['D13.444.308.425'], ['D03.383.663.283.266.450.252', 'D03.633.100.150.266.450.252'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D03.633.300.633.700'], ['D12.644.360.075.718', 'D12.776.476.075.718', 'D12.776.624.664.700.169'], ['E05.393.620.500.725'], ['D03.383.129.617.700'], ['D02.886.675', 'D03.383.129.708'], ['D12.644.360.075.718.400', 'D12.776.476.075.718.400']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Effect of electroconvulsive seizures on pattern separation.
|
Strategies employing different techniques to inhibit or stimulate neurogenesis have implicated a role for adult-born neurons in the therapeutic effect of antidepressant drugs, as well as a role in memory formation. Electroconvulsive seizures (ECS), an animal model of electroconvulsive therapy, robustly stimulate hippocampal neurogenesis, but it is not known how this relates to either therapeutic efficacy or unwanted cognitive side effects. We hypothesized that the ECS-derived increase in adult-born neurons would manifest in improved pattern separation ability, a memory function that is believed to be both hippocampus-dependent and coupled to neurogenesis. To test this hypothesis, we stimulated neurogenesis in adult rats by treating them with a series of ECS and compared their performances in a trial-unique delayed nonmatching-to-location task (TUNL) to a control group. TUNL performance was analyzed over a 12-week period, during which newly formed neurons differentiate and become functionally integrated in the hippocampal neurocircuitry. Task difficulty was manipulated by modifying the delay between sample and choice, and by varying the spatial similarity between target and distracter location. Although animals learned the task and improved the number of correct responses over time, ECS did not influence spatial pattern separation ability.
|
['Animals', 'Behavior, Animal', 'Cell Differentiation', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Electroconvulsive Therapy', 'Hippocampus', 'Male', 'Neurogenesis', 'Neurons', 'Pattern Recognition, Visual', 'Psychomotor Performance', 'Rats']
| 25,850,383
|
[['B01.050'], ['F01.145.113'], ['G04.152'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['F04.570.200.583', 'F04.669.224.300'], ['A08.186.211.180.405', 'A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.345'], ['G04.152.912', 'G07.345.500.325.377.687', 'G08.686.784.170.450.500', 'G11.561.620'], ['A08.675', 'A11.671'], ['F02.463.593.524.500', 'F02.463.593.932.622'], ['F02.808', 'G11.427.700', 'G11.561.660'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Lipophilic cations: a group of model substrates for the multidrug-resistance transporter.
|
The possibility that simple lipophilic cations such as tetraphenylphosphonium (TPA+), triphenylmethylphosphonium (TPMP+), and diphenyldimethylphosphonium (DDP+) are substrates for the multidrug-resistance transport protein, P-glycoprotein, was tested. Hamster cells transfected with and overexpressing mouse mdr1 or mouse mdr3 exhibit high levels of resistance to TPP+ and TPA+ (20-fold) and somewhat lower levels of resistance to TPMP+ and DDP+ (3-12-fold). Transfected cell clones expressing mdr1 or mdr3 mutants with decreased activity against drugs of the MDR spectrum (e.g., Vinca alkaloids and anthracyclines) also show reduced resistance to lipophilic cations. Studies with radiolabeled TPP+ and TPA+ demonstrate that increased resistance to cytotoxic concentrations of these lipophilic cations is correlated quantitatively with a decrease in intracellular accumulation in mdr1- and mdr3-transfected cells. This decreased intracellular accumulation is shown to be strictly dependent on intact intracellular nucleotide triphosphate pools and is reversed by verapamil, a known competitive inhibitor of P-glycoprotein. Taken together, these results demonstrate that lipophilic cations are a new class of substrates for P-glycoprotein and can be used to study its mechanism of action in homologous and heterologous systems.
|
['ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1', 'Adenosine Triphosphate', 'Animals', 'Arsenicals', 'CHO Cells', 'Cations', 'Cell Survival', 'Cricetinae', 'Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel', 'Gramicidin', 'Membrane Glycoproteins', 'Mutation', 'Onium Compounds', 'Organophosphorus Compounds', 'Substrate Specificity', 'Trityl Compounds', 'Verapamil']
| 1,371,401
|
[['D12.776.157.530.100.075.063', 'D12.776.157.530.450.074.500.500.250.125', 'D12.776.395.550.020.400.153', 'D12.776.543.550.192.400.153', 'D12.776.543.585.100.200.125', 'D12.776.543.585.450.074.500.500.250.125'], ['D03.633.100.759.646.138.236', 'D13.695.667.138.236', 'D13.695.827.068.236'], ['B01.050'], ['D01.075', 'D02.129'], ['A11.251.210.200', 'A11.436.155'], ['D01.248.497.300'], ['G04.346'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.075.250'], ['E05.196.401.402', 'E05.301.300.319'], ['D04.345.566.850.300', 'D12.644.641.850.300', 'D12.776.543.695.221'], ['D12.776.395.550', 'D12.776.543.550'], ['G05.365.590'], ['D02.675'], ['D02.705'], ['G02.111.835'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.884'], ['D02.092.471.683.953']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
A simple and efficient genetic transformation method of Ganoderma weberianum.
|
In this study, the Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation method for Ganderma weberianum has been established. Driven by the cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S promoter, the hygromycin phosphotransferase (hpt), â-glucuronidase (uidA), and enhanced green fluorescent protein (egfp) genes have been efficiently expressed in transgenic mycelia and spores. The transformation system was composed of the growing mycelia, A. tumefaciens strain GV3101, and the expression vector pBI-H1, harboring the CaMV 35S promoter and selective hpt marker. The genetic transformation of G. weberianum was achieved through co-cultivation of Agrobacterium lawn and fungal mycelia at 28 °C on yeast extract agar (YEA) medium. Stable genetic transformants were obtained through successive hygromycin B selections and single spore isolation. Over 80 % of transformants showed genetic stability even after ten rounds of subculturing. The simple and efficient genetic transformation method is a useful tool for molecular genetics analyses and gene manipulation of G. weberianum.
|
['Agrobacterium tumefaciens', 'Ganoderma', 'Genetic Techniques', 'Genetic Vectors', 'Green Fluorescent Proteins', 'Transformation, Genetic']
| 25,655,754
|
[['B03.440.400.425.700.024.050', 'B03.660.050.662.024.500'], ['B01.300.179.120.760.338'], ['E05.393'], ['G05.360.337'], ['D12.776.532.265'], ['G05.728.865']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and orthostatic hypotension in old people: the Pro.V.A. study.
|
Interest in the association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) and blood pressure has increased because recent research showed a close relationship between them, but there is still little information on the possible association between 25OHD and orthostatic hypotension. The aim of this study was to explore the relationship of 25OHD levels with any presence of orthostatic hypotension in a large group of older people. This study was part of the Progetto Veneto Anziani (Pro.V.A.), an Italian population-based cohort study involving people aged >65 years. In this cross-sectional work, we considered 2640 (1081 men and 1559 women) with a mean age of 73.8±6.8 years. Orthostatic hypotension was defined as a drop of ?20 mm Hg in systolic or ?10 mm Hg in diastolic blood pressure <3 minutes of orthostatism. Orthostatic hypotension was identified in 32.2% of the sample. The prevalence of orthostatic hypotension was higher in individuals with 25OHD levels <50 nmol/L, but this trend was not significant (P=0.13). Individuals who had orthostatic hypotension had significantly lower 25OHD levels than those who did not (75.0±51.4 versus 82.6±54.0 nmol/L; P<0.0001). On logistic regression analysis, the greater likelihood of individuals with lower 25OHD levels having orthostatic hypotension was no longer statistically significant after adjusting for potential confounders (odds ratio, 1.08; 95% confidence interval, 0.77-1.51; P=0.67 for people with 25OHD levels ?25 nmol/L; odds ratio, 1.01; 95% confidence interval, 0.78-1.32; P=0.92 for those with 25OHD levels between 25 and 50 nmol/L). In conclusion, vitamin D is not significantly associated with any orthostatic hypotension in older people.
|
['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Aging', 'Biomarkers', 'Blood Pressure', 'Cohort Studies', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hypotension, Orthostatic', 'Italy', 'Logistic Models', 'Male', 'Prevalence', 'Vitamin D']
| 24,914,191
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['G07.345.124'], ['D23.101'], ['E01.370.600.875.249', 'G09.330.380.076'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C10.177.575.600.450', 'C14.907.514.482'], ['Z01.542.489'], ['E05.318.740.500.525', 'E05.318.740.600.800.450', 'E05.318.740.750.450', 'E05.599.835.875', 'N05.715.360.750.530.480', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.450', 'N05.715.360.750.695.470', 'N06.850.520.830.500.525', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.450', 'N06.850.520.830.750.450'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['D04.210.500.812.768']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Predicting international students' clinical and academic grades using two language tests (IELTS and C-test): A correlational research study.
|
Academic English tests are used to ascertain if international English as a Second Language nursing students have sufficient language skills to commence their nursing degrees, and later, if they have sufficient English for nursing registration. However, an academic English test may not be appropriate for clinical contexts. This study examines the relationship between two types of English test and the performance of forty-nine undergraduate international nursing students in both their first year of theory-centred academic topics and practice-centred clinical topics. An academic English test, called the International English Language Testing System (IELTS), and a general English proficiency/processing speed test using a variation of the cloze-test (C-test) format were administered at the commencement of the students' course of study. At the end of one year, grade percentages were collected. It was found that both the IELTS test and the C-test were significantly correlated to both types of topic, albeit with different patterns. The two English tests were also tested for similarities in the constructs they measured, with a significant overlap found. The implications are to rethink the way English tests are applied to entry in university degrees involving a clinical component and, by extension, to direct universities to rethink how nursing students are supported during their degree. The question is also raised about the practice of using academic English tests for professional nursing registration purposes. The benefits of the two testing approaches are also considered, particularly the large differences in monetary outlay and time found between the two tests, given their performance in explaining the variance in grade outcomes.
|
['Australia', 'Educational Measurement', 'Humans', 'Language Arts', 'Language Tests', 'Nurses, International', 'Students, Nursing']
| 30,384,083
|
[['Z01.639.100', 'Z01.678.100.373'], ['I02.399'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.559.423'], ['F04.711.513.240'], ['M01.526.407.717', 'M01.526.485.650.662', 'N02.360.650.662'], ['M01.848.769.685']]
|
['Geographicals [Z]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Availability of primate species, research, and management in China.
|
Approximately 30 institutions are currently engaged in primate research and management in China. New studies record 20 species of primates and their distribution throughout China.
|
['Animals', 'China', 'Female', 'Male', 'Primates', 'Research']
| 1,803,008
|
[['B01.050'], ['Z01.252.474.164'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988'], ['H01.770.644']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
|
Caudate nucleus is critically involved in trace eyeblink conditioning.
|
The basal ganglia are a collection of brain regions involved with motor planning and initiation. The major site of cortical and thalamic input into the basal ganglia network is the striatum, which includes a differentiated caudate nucleus (CN) and the putamen in rabbits. Trace eyeblink conditioning (EBC) is a forebrain-dependent associative learning task in which a stimulus-free time interval separates the presentation of a behaviorally neutral conditioned stimulus (CS) and a behaviorally salient unconditioned stimulus. We investigated whether the CN is essential for acquisition of trace EBC and whether learning-related changes in neuronal activity occur in the caudate nucleus during trace EBC. Bilateral lesions of the CN in rabbits prevent acquisition of trace EBC. In separate cohorts of rabbits, single-unit recordings showed that medium spiny neurons from regions shown to be critical by lesions display strong responses to the CS, especially in the initial days of training before acquisition. Cholinergic interneurons, or tonically active neurons, become responsive to the CS and show dramatic firing rate changes during the trace interval after learning criterion has been met. These data demonstrate that the CN is required for and involved in trace EBC.
|
['Adaptation, Physiological', 'Animals', 'Blinking', 'Caudate Nucleus', 'Conditioning, Eyelid', 'Female', 'Rabbits']
| 19,923,285
|
[['G07.025', 'G16.012.500'], ['B01.050'], ['G11.561.731.127', 'G14.152'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.249.487.550.184'], ['F02.463.425.179.408'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.968.700']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Factors that impact health-related quality of life over time for individuals with head and neck cancer.
|
OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: To identify sociodemographic, behavioral, and clinical factors associated with health-related quality of life (HRQOL) for head and neck cancer (HNC) patients over time.STUDY DESIGN: A population-based longitudinal cohort study.METHODS: Newly diagnosed HNC patients (N = 587) were administered the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Head and Neck questionnaire at baseline (median 3 months postdiagnosis) and two follow-up assessments (median 22 and 42 months). Linear mixed-effect models were used with backward variable selection to identify factors associated with HRQOL over time (P < .05). Adjusted means reported at 2 years postdiagnosis.RESULTS: African Americans reported better Functional Well-Being than whites (mean of 20.01 vs. 18.53) and fewer HNC symptoms over time. Older patients (75+ years) reported better HRQOL than younger patients (< 50 years). Current tobacco use compared to no tobacco use had worse Physical (20.20 vs. 21.50), Emotional (17.55 vs. 19.06), Social (21.28 vs. 22.88), and Functional (17.32 vs. 19.29) Well-Being and more HNC symptoms (21.50 vs. 23.71). Radiation therapy was associated with worse Physical and Functional Well-Being and more head and neck symptoms over time, but HRQOL was similar to those who were not irradiated by 2 to 4 years postdiagnosis.CONCLUSION: This study identified key factors for individuals at risk for poorer HRQOL that may help clinicians and caregivers find solutions to address these decrements. Smoking cessation programs can be encouraged for survivors who use tobacco. Psychological and social support and medications may help for dealing with emotional distress and dealing with the physical symptoms from treatment.LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 4. Laryngoscope, 126:2718-2725, 2016.
|
['Adult', 'African Americans', 'Aged', 'European Continental Ancestry Group', 'Female', 'Head and Neck Neoplasms', 'Health Status', 'Humans', 'Longitudinal Studies', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Quality of Life', 'Socioeconomic Factors', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Survivors']
| 27,224,024
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.686.508.100.100', 'M01.686.754.100'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.686.508.400'], ['C04.588.443'], ['I01.240.425', 'N01.224.425', 'N06.850.505.400.425'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['I01.800', 'K01.752.400.750', 'N06.850.505.400.425.837'], ['I01.880.853.996', 'N01.824'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['M01.860']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Humanities [K]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Pain syndromes and etiologies in ambulatory AIDS patients.
|
Ambulatory AIDS patients participating in a quality of life study were recruited for an assessment of pain syndromes. Of 274 patients with pain, 151 (55%) consented to the assessment which included a clinical interview, neurologic examination, and review of medical records. The number, type, and etiology of pains were evaluated in terms of risk factors, age, sex, CD4+ lymphocyte count, and performance status. The average number of pains per patient was 2.7 (range, 1-7), yielding a total of 405 pains. The most common pain diagnoses were headache (46% of patients; 17% of all pains), joint pain (31% of patients; 12% of pains), pain due to polyneuropathy (28% of patients; 10% of pains), and muscle pain (27% of patients; 12% of pains). Pathophysiology was inferred for all pain syndromes (except for headache), 45% of pain syndromes were somatic in nature, 15% were visceral, 19% were neuropathic, and 4% were unknown, psychogenic, or idiopathic; 17% of pains were classified as headache, hence pathophysiology could not be determined. Pain resulted from diverse etiologies, including the direct effects of HIV/AIDS-related conditions (30%) pre-existing unrelated conditions (24%), and therapies for HIV/AIDS and related conditions (4%). The latter category, pain related to HIV therapies, occurred in 11% of patients. In 37% of the pains, the etiology could not be determined from the information available. In univariate analyses, lower CD4+ cell counts were significantly associated with polyneuropathy (P < 0.05) and headache (P < 0.05), and female gender was significantly associated with the presence of headache (P < 0.05) and radiculopathy (P < 0.001). These data confirm the diversity of pain syndromes in AIDS patients, clarify the prevalence of common pain types, and suggest associations between specific patient characteristics and pain syndromes. The large proportion of patients who could not be given a diagnosis underscores the need for a careful diagnostic evaluation of pain in this population.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Female', 'Health Surveys', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Outpatients', 'Pain', 'Prospective Studies', 'Syndrome']
| 9,150,284
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['E05.318.308.980.438', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['M01.643.630'], ['C23.888.592.612', 'F02.830.816.444', 'G11.561.790.444'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['C23.550.288.500']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Magnetic resonance imaging of the bone marrow in patients with leukemia, aplastic anemia, and lymphoma.
|
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the bone marrow was performed in 29 patients with leukemia, aplastic anemia, or lymphoma who were scheduled for bone marrow transplantation, and in 12 normals. T1-weighted coronal images (TR600/TE40) of the pelvis and proximal femurs demonstrated marrow pathology in adult patients. A simple MR grading system was developed to classify patterns of marrow involvement, and MR grading of cellularity was correlated with marrow histology. Normal marrow produced a relatively high signal intensity reflecting the predominance of short T1 fat in the marrow space. MRI of pretransplant patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia and acute leukemia in relapse demonstrated a markedly decreased marrow signal, consistent with the replacement of marrow fat by longer T1 neoplastic tissues. Aplastic anemia could not be differentiated from normal with the pulse sequences employed. Marrow involvement by Hodgkin's lymphoma was detected as diffuse marrow infiltration with superimposed focal areas of even lower signal intensity, reflecting the nodular nature of Hodgkin's. These results indicate that infiltrative marrow disorders can be sensitively detected by MRI.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Anemia, Aplastic', 'Bone Marrow', 'Child', 'Female', 'Hodgkin Disease', 'Humans', 'Leukemia, Lymphoid', 'Leukemia, Myeloid', 'Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute', 'Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy', 'Male']
| 3,460,974
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['C15.378.071.085', 'C15.378.190.223.250'], ['A15.382.216'], ['M01.060.406'], ['C04.557.386.355', 'C15.604.515.569.355', 'C20.683.515.761.355'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.557.337.428', 'C15.604.515.560', 'C20.683.515.528'], ['C04.557.337.539'], ['C04.557.337.539.275'], ['E05.196.867.519']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Risk factors for invasive Haemophilus influenzae type b in Los Angeles County children 18-60 months of age.
|
Potential factors that confer risk or protection for invasive Haemophilus influenzae type b disease were evaluated in Los Angeles County children 18-60 months of age by case-control methods. In this age group, 79 H. influenzae type b cases were identified by overlapping surveillance methods, and 221 random controls were selected by random digit dialing. Cases and controls were similar in sex, prior health, proportion attending day care, parental educational level, history of breast feeding, and proportion vaccinated with measles/mumps/rubella vaccine. The effect of H. influenzae type b vaccination was controlled in all analyses, and results of vaccine efficacy have been reported elsewhere. Cases were more likely to have a significant underlying medical condition, reside in home with more than six residents, have a lower yearly household income, have two or more smokers in the home, and to be black. Using conditional logistic regression models, the following were significant independent risk factors after adjusting for age, month of diagnosis, H. influenzae type b vaccine status, and the other factors: 1) more than two smokers in the house (odds ratio (OR) = 6.00; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.49-24.06); 2) household size of more than six persons (OR for more than six vs. less than three persons = 3.71; 95% CI 1.10-12.60); and 3) black maternal race (OR for black vs. Hispanic = 3.47; 95% CI 1.41-8.53). We conclude that exposure to smoking in the home, living in households with more than six members, and the black race are each independently associated with an increased risk for H. influenzae type b disease in Los Angeles County children and, when combined, constitute a major reason for H. influenzae type b disease occurrence.
|
['Age Factors', 'Bacterial Vaccines', 'Breast Feeding', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Child, Preschool', 'Comorbidity', 'Ethnic Groups', 'Family Characteristics', 'Haemophilus Infections', 'Haemophilus influenzae', 'Housing', 'Humans', 'Immunization', 'Income', 'Infant', 'Logistic Models', 'Los Angeles', 'Medicare', 'Population Surveillance', 'Risk Factors', 'Tobacco Smoke Pollution', 'United States']
| 1,415,144
|
[['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['D20.215.894.135'], ['F01.145.407.199', 'G07.203.650.195', 'G07.203.650.220.500.500', 'G07.203.650.353.199'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['N05.715.350.225', 'N06.850.490.687'], ['M01.686.754', 'N01.224.317'], ['F01.829.263.315', 'I01.240.361', 'I01.880.853.150.423', 'N01.224.361', 'N01.824.308', 'N06.850.505.400.400'], ['C01.150.252.400.700.433'], ['B03.440.450.600.450.330', 'B03.660.250.550.290.330'], ['J03.340', 'N01.224.791.400', 'N06.230.150.360', 'N06.850.505.400.800.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.095.465.425.400', 'E05.478.550', 'N02.421.726.758.310', 'N06.850.780.200.425', 'N06.850.780.680.310'], ['N01.824.417'], ['M01.060.703'], ['E05.318.740.500.525', 'E05.318.740.600.800.450', 'E05.318.740.750.450', 'E05.599.835.875', 'N05.715.360.750.530.480', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.450', 'N05.715.360.750.695.470', 'N06.850.520.830.500.525', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.450', 'N06.850.520.830.750.450'], ['Z01.107.567.875.580.200.450', 'Z01.107.567.875.760.200.450', 'Z01.433.565'], ['N03.219.521.346.506.564.663', 'N03.219.521.576.343.840', 'N03.706.615.696'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.700', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.625', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.700', 'N06.850.780.675'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['D20.633.937.680', 'N06.850.460.100.555'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
In silico evolutionary analysis of Helicobacter pylori outer membrane phospholipase A (OMPLA).
|
BACKGROUND: In the past decade, researchers have proposed that the pldA gene for outer membrane phospholipase A (OMPLA) is important for bacterial colonization of the human gastric ventricle. Several conserved Helicobacter pylori genes have distinct genotypes in different parts of the world, biogeographic patterns that can be analyzed through phylogenetic trees. The current study will shed light on the importance of the pldA gene in H. pylori. In silico sequence analysis will be used to investigate whether the bacteria are in the process of preserving, optimizing, or rejecting the pldA gene. The pldA gene will be phylogenetically compared to other housekeeping (HK) genes, and a possible origin via horizontal gene transfer (HGT) will be evaluated through both intra- and inter-species evolutionary analyses.RESULTS: In this study, pldA gene sequences were phylogenetically analyzed and compared with a large reference set of concatenated HK gene sequences. A total of 246 pldA nucleotide sequences were used; 207 were from Norwegian isolates, 20 were from Korean isolates, and 19 were from the NCBI database. Best-fit evolutionary models were determined with MEGA5 ModelTest for the pldA (K80 + I + G) and HK (GTR + I + G) sequences, and maximum likelihood trees were constructed. Both HK and pldA genes showed biogeographic clustering. Horizontal gene transfer was inferred based on significantly different GC contents, the codon adaptation index, and a phylogenetic conflict between a tree of OMPLA protein sequences representing 171 species and a tree of the AtpA HK protein for 169 species. Although a vast majority of the residues in OMPLA were predicted to be under purifying selection, sites undergoing positive selection were also found.CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate that the pldA gene could have been more recently acquired than seven of the HK genes found in H. pylori. However, the common biogeographic patterns of both the HK and pldA sequences indicated that the transfer occurred long ago. Our results indicate that the bacterium is preserving the function of OMPLA, although some sites are still being evolutionarily optimized.
|
['Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins', 'Computational Biology', 'Evolution, Molecular', 'Helicobacter pylori', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Phospholipases A1', 'Phylogeny', 'Sequence Analysis, DNA']
| 22,974,200
|
[['D12.776.097.120', 'D12.776.543.100'], ['H01.158.273.180', 'L01.313.124'], ['G05.045.250', 'G16.075.250'], ['B03.440.500.550', 'B03.660.150.235.500.250.550'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['D08.811.277.352.100.680.750.875'], ['G05.697', 'G16.075.605', 'L01.100.697'], ['E05.393.760.700']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Hallux proximal phalanx Akin-Scarf osteotomy.
|
Numerous hallux proximal phalanx osteotomies have been described, but the Akin-type varisation or adduction osteotomies are currently the most commonly used by foot and ankle surgeons. This article describes the hallux proximal phalanx Akin-Scarf osteotomy. This osteotomy combines the inherent stability of the Scarf-type osteotomy with the versatility of the Akin-type osteotomies to correct pathologic hallux abductus interphalangeus, hallux equinus, or an abnormal digital length pattern, and it is an invaluable tool during the global surgical approach used for hallux valgus repair.
|
['Foot Bones', 'Foot Deformities', 'Hallux', 'Humans', 'Metatarsal Bones', 'Osteotomy']
| 14,729,996
|
[['A02.835.232.043.300'], ['C05.330'], ['A01.378.610.250.300.792.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A02.835.232.043.300.492'], ['E04.555.580']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Role of mRNA expression of transcription factors in glucocorticoid sensitivity of peripheral blood mononuclear cells and disease state in rheumatoid arthritis.
|
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the mechanisms underlying glucocorticoid (GC) resistance in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), we evaluated the suppressive effects of prednisolone (PSL) or methylprednisolone (MPSL) on the blastogenesis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). We also measured the expression of mRNA for transcription factors [GC receptor-alpha (GRalpha) and activator protein-1] known to be involved in the exertion of GC effects.METHODS: Twenty-six patients with RA and 17 healthy subjects were studied. IC50 of PSL and MPSL on the blastogenesis of PBMC stimulated with concanavalin A in vitro was estimated. Transcripts for GRalpha, c-fos, c-jun, and GAPDH genes in PBMC were quantitatively determined by real-time RT-PCR procedures.RESULTS: The amount of c-fos transcript in PBMC from RA patients was significantly high compared to the healthy subjects (p = 0.001). However, no difference was found in the amounts of mRNA of other transcription factors between the patients and healthy subjects. When PSL or MPSL IC50 in patients were directly correlated with patients' characteristics in RA, the duration of disease showed a significant positive correlation with PSL IC50 (p = 0.035). However, no significant association of PSL or MPSL IC50 with GRalpha, c-fos, or c-jun mRNA expression determined by RT-PCR was observed. Additionally, there were significant correlations between the amount of GRalpha mRNA and inflammatory indices such as erythrocyte sedimentation rate (p < 0.001) and C-reactive protein (p < 0.05) in the RA patients.CONCLUSION: Chronic exposure to inflammation in RA suggests a decrease in the GC sensitivity of peripheral lymphocytes. Although c-fos and GRalpha transcripts in PBMC have been implicated in the pathology of RA, the amount of expression of these factors may not be critical for the development of GC insensitivity in the PBMC in RA.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Arthritis, Rheumatoid', 'Drug Resistance', 'Female', 'Glucocorticoids', 'Humans', 'Leukocytes, Mononuclear', 'Lymphocyte Activation', 'Male', 'Methylprednisolone', 'Middle Aged', 'Prednisolone', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Receptors, Glucocorticoid', 'Transcription Factor AP-1', 'Transcription Factors']
| 14,994,389
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['C05.550.114.154', 'C05.799.114', 'C17.300.775.099', 'C20.111.199'], ['G07.690.773.984'], ['D06.472.040.543', 'D27.505.696.399.472.488'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A11.118.637.555', 'A15.145.229.637.555', 'A15.382.490.555'], ['E01.370.225.812.482', 'E05.200.812.482', 'E05.478.594.530', 'G12.450.050.400.545', 'G12.565'], ['D04.210.500.745.432.769.795.539'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D04.210.500.745.432.769.795'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['D12.776.826.750.430'], ['D12.776.260.108.875', 'D12.776.930.127.875'], ['D12.776.930']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Comparison of serum CEA, PHI, and TPA as tumor markers in breast cancer patients.
|
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical significance of different serum tumor markers in patients with breast cancer who developed recurrent disease. Determined were tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA), carcinoembryonic antigens (CEA), and phosphohexose isomerase (PHI). Serum samples of 411 breast cancer patients with either locoregional or metastatic recurrence were analyzed. Positive rates of all three markers depended on the clinical stage of the disease, with highest rates of elevated titers in advanced disease. In comparison, CEA and TPA are more sensitive markers than PHI. According to the site of recurrence, CEA exhibited the highest rate of elevated titers in patients with bone metastases and PHI in patients with visceral metastases. Using PHI in combination with CEA, sensitivity (ie, at least one marker is elevated) was increased by 6-20% compared to the results obtained with single marker analysis. However, for easier interpretation of the tumor marker results in clinical practice, it may be helpful to employ a product value of CEA and PHI.
|
['Breast Neoplasms', 'Carcinoembryonic Antigen', 'Female', 'Glucose-6-Phosphate Isomerase', 'Humans', 'Neoplasm Metastasis', 'Neoplasm Recurrence, Local', 'Peptides', 'Tissue Polypeptide Antigen']
| 3,568,016
|
[['C04.588.180', 'C17.800.090.500'], ['D12.776.395.550.200.210', 'D12.776.543.550.200.210', 'D23.050.285.329', 'D23.050.301.350.210', 'D23.101.140.300'], ['D08.811.399.475.200.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.697.650', 'C23.550.727.650'], ['C04.697.655', 'C23.550.727.655'], ['D12.644'], ['D12.644.875', 'D23.050.285.840', 'D23.101.140.880']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The Latent Structure of Dictionaries.
|
How many words-and which ones-are sufficient to define all other words? When dictionaries are analyzed as directed graphs with links from defining words to defined words, they reveal a latent structure. Recursively removing all words that are reachable by definition but that do not define any further words reduces the dictionary to a Kernel of about 10% of its size. This is still not the smallest number of words that can define all the rest. About 75% of the Kernel turns out to be its Core, a "Strongly Connected Subset" of words with a definitional path to and from any pair of its words and no word's definition depending on a word outside the set. But the Core cannot define all the rest of the dictionary. The 25% of the Kernel surrounding the Core consists of small strongly connected subsets of words: the Satellites. The size of the smallest set of words that can define all the rest-the graph's "minimum feedback vertex set" or MinSet-is about 1% of the dictionary, about 15% of the Kernel, and part-Core/part-Satellite. But every dictionary has a huge number of MinSets. The Core words are learned earlier, more frequent, and less concrete than the Satellites, which are in turn learned earlier, more frequent, but more concrete than the rest of the Dictionary. In principle, only one MinSet's words would need to be grounded through the sensorimotor capacity to recognize and categorize their referents. In a dual-code sensorimotor/symbolic model of the mental lexicon, the symbolic code could do all the rest through recombinatory definition.
|
['Dictionaries as Topic', 'Humans', 'Learning', 'Semantics']
| 27,424,842
|
[['L01.178.682.192.836.285'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F02.463.425', 'F02.784.629.529'], ['L01.559.598.745']]
|
['Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Magnetic resonance imaging in cervical cord birth injury.
|
Three children who sustained cervical cord injury due to birth trauma are described. The clinical and radiological data, and the central nervous system pathology of one child, illustrate the advantages and feasibility of magnetic resonance imaging in ventilator-dependent children with cervical cord lesions.
|
['Birth Injuries', 'Brain', 'Evaluation Studies as Topic', 'Humans', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Respiration, Artificial', 'Spinal Cord', 'Spinal Cord Injuries']
| 2,330,237
|
[['C16.614.131', 'C26.141'], ['A08.186.211'], ['E05.337', 'N05.715.360.335'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['E02.041.625', 'E02.365.647.729', 'E02.880.820'], ['A08.186.854'], ['C10.228.854.763', 'C10.900.850', 'C26.819']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
From sucker to saint: moralization in response to self-threat.
|
When people's rationality and agency are implicitly called into question by the more expedient behavior of others, they sometimes respond by feeling morally superior; this is referred to as the sucker-to-saint effect. In Experiment 1, participants who completed a tedious task and then saw a confederate quit the same task elevated their own morality over that of the confederate, whereas participants who simply completed the task or simply saw the confederate quit did not. In Experiment 2, this effect was eliminated by having participants contemplate a valued personal quality before encountering the rebellious confederate, a result suggesting a role for self-threat in producing moralization. These studies demonstrate that moral judgments can be more deeply embedded in judges' immediate social contexts-and driven more by motivations to maintain self-image-than is typically appreciated in contemporary moral-psychology research. Rather than uphold abstract principles of justice, moral judgment may sometimes just help people feel a little less foolish.
|
['Cooperative Behavior', 'Culture', 'Female', 'Game Theory', 'Humans', 'Interpersonal Relations', 'Male', 'Motivation', 'Retrospective Moral Judgment', 'Self Concept', 'Social Justice', 'Social Perception']
| 18,816,289
|
[['F01.145.813.115'], ['I01.076.201.450', 'I01.880.853.100'], ['G17.388'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.829.401'], ['F01.658', 'F01.752.543.500.750'], ['K01.752.566.479.113.750', 'N05.350.244.750'], ['F01.752.747.792'], ['I01.880.604.473.700', 'K01.752.566.479.830.750', 'N03.706.437.700', 'N05.350.958.750'], ['F02.463.593.752']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Teflon sponge shunt for recurrent arachnoid cyst.
|
A 50-year-old female presented with complaints of progressive ataxia. Investigations showed a large intradural arachnoid cyst located anterior to the brainstem. Following marsupialization of the cyst she improved remarkably in her symptoms. The symptoms recurred nine months later and investigations revealed recurrence of the cyst. The cyst was evacuated again and two Teflon sponge sheets were placed such that they traversed the length of the cyst cavity and extended into the cisterna magna. At follow-up after 25 months, there has been no recurrence of symptoms or the cyst. The role and advantages of Teflon sponge in such cases is evaluated.
|
['Arachnoid Cysts', 'Biocompatible Materials', 'Cisterna Magna', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Middle Aged', 'Polytetrafluoroethylene', 'Subarachnoid Space']
| 18,040,114
|
[['C04.182.044', 'C04.588.614.250.387.100', 'C10.500.142.100', 'C10.551.240.375.100', 'C16.131.666.142.100'], ['D25.130', 'D27.720.102.130', 'J01.637.051.130'], ['A08.186.566.166.686.351'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D05.750.395.616', 'D25.720.395.616', 'J01.637.051.720.395.616'], ['A08.186.566.166.686']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Quantifying the formation of nitrogen-containing disinfection by-products in chlorinated water using absorbance and fluorescence indexes.
|
Among known but unregulated disinfection by-products (DBPs), several nitrogenous species (N-DBPs) have been found in drinking waters. While concentrations of N-DBP are much lower than those of trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetic acids (HAAs), their potential toxicity is higher. In this study the relationships between the formation of N-DBPs and the changes in NOM caused by the chlorination of raw Ancipa water quantified by the use of differential absorbance and fluorescence indexes were investigated. Very strong relationships were found between selected N-DBPs (i.e. trichloronitromethane and dichloroacetonitrile) and the proposed spectroscopic indexes that were previously developed to quantify the changes in natural organic matter (NOM) during chlorination at varying reaction conditions (chlorine dose, reaction time and temperature) and the generation of DBPs. Obtained results clearly indicate that the changes in NOM absorbance and fluorescence are fundamental descriptors of the formation of both commonly controlled halogenated DBPs and N-DBPs. This approach may be suitable for real time monitoring of emerging N-DBPs and for studying their formation pathways.
|
['Chlorine', 'Disinfection', 'Nitrogen', 'Spectrometry, Fluorescence', 'Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet']
| 21,245,551
|
[['D01.268.380.150', 'D01.362.225'], ['N06.850.780.200.450.850.375'], ['D01.268.604', 'D01.362.625'], ['E05.196.712.516.600.676', 'E05.196.867.726'], ['E05.196.712.726.802', 'E05.196.867.826.802']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Molecular phylogenetics of the hominoid Y chromosome.
|
The Human Y-chromosome plays a central role in sex determination, and is composed of DNA sequences homologous to the Y-chromosome, families of Y-specific repetitive DNA sequences, and single copy sequences. We investigated the chromosomal location of Y-specific DNA sequences, in the chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes), gorilla (Gorilla gorilla), and orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus) by the fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) technique. The Yq subtelomeric DNA sequences (DYS427) have been observed to be intact at the presumed loci. Also, the amelogenin gene (AMELY, Yp11.2) revealed sequence homology and positional conservation in the higher primates, except in gorilla where positional divergence was observed.
|
['Amelogenin', 'Animals', 'Dental Enamel Proteins', 'Evolution, Molecular', 'Gorilla gorilla', 'Hominidae', 'Humans', 'In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence', 'Pan troglodytes', 'Phylogeny', 'Pongo pygmaeus', 'Telomere', 'Y Chromosome']
| 9,747,032
|
[['D12.776.231.500'], ['B01.050'], ['D12.776.231'], ['G05.045.250', 'G16.075.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.375'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.670.325.350', 'E01.370.225.750.600.670.325.350', 'E05.200.500.620.670.325.350', 'E05.200.750.600.670.325.350', 'E05.393.285.350', 'E05.393.661.475.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.620'], ['G05.697', 'G16.075.605', 'L01.100.697'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.635.650'], ['A11.284.430.106.279.345.190.160.845', 'G05.360.160.845'], ['A11.284.187.865.983', 'G05.360.162.865.983']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Molecular characterization and expression profile of the melatonin receptor MT1 in the ovary of Tianzhu white yak (Bos grunniens).
|
Melatonin plays crucial roles in a wide range of ovarian physiological functions via the melatonin receptors (MRs). Structure and function of MRs have been well studied in sheep, cattle, and humans, but little information exists on the genetic characterization and function of these receptors in the ovary of the white yak. In the present study, the melatonin receptor MT1 was cloned by RT-PCR in the ovary of white yak; the MT1 cDNA fragment obtained (843bp) comprised an open reading frame (827bp) encoding a protein containing 275 residues, characterized by seven transmembrane regions and an NRY motif, two distinct amino acid replacements were found. The white yak MT1 had a 83.9-98.6% protein sequence identity with that of nine other mammals. Using RT-PCR, the expression levels of MT1, MT2, and LHR in the ovary of pregnant and non-pregnant white yaks were compared, revealing higher levels of all genes in pregnant yaks: 3.83-fold increase for MT1 (P<0.05), 1.39-fold increase for MT2, and 15.32-fold increase for LHR (P<0.05). The distribution of MT1 in yak ovaries was observed using immunohistochemistry on paraffin embedded ovarian sections: MT1 was mainly present on primordial follicles (PF), granulosa cells (GCs), oocytes, and corpus luteum (CL) cells; MT1 expression showed an increasing tendency from PF to GCs to oocytes and to large CL cells. It is suggested that melatonin and MT1 are associated with the corpus luteum function of pregnancy maintenance and follicular development during oocyte maturation in the white yak.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Animals', 'Cattle', 'DNA, Complementary', 'Female', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Granulosa Cells', 'Humans', 'Melatonin', 'Open Reading Frames', 'Ovary', 'Pregnancy', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Receptor, Melatonin, MT1']
| 26,482,006
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['D13.444.308.497.220', 'D13.444.600.223.500', 'D27.720.470.530.600.223.260'], ['G05.308'], ['A05.360.319.114.630.535.200', 'A06.300.312.497.535.300', 'A11.382.812', 'A11.436.329'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D03.633.100.473.914.481', 'D06.472.506'], ['G05.360.335.760.640', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.650'], ['A05.360.319.114.630', 'A05.360.576.497', 'A06.300.312.497'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.440.500']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Chimeric CD19 antibody mediates cytotoxic activity against leukemic blasts with effector cells from pediatric patients who received T-cell-depleted allografts.
|
Relapse is a major problem after transplantation in children with acute B-lineage leukemias, and new therapies are needed to increase graft-versus-leukemia (GvL) effects without inducing graft-versus-host disease (GvHD). Here, we studied the ability of effector cells recovered from patients after transplantation with positive-selected stem cells from alternative donors to induce antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). For this purpose, a chimeric CD19 antibody, CD19-4G7chim, was generated. This antibody efficiently mediated ADCC against primary acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) blasts by using purified natural killer (NK) cells from healthy donors or mononuclear cells from patients as effector cells. Increased lysis was obtained after stimulation of effector cells with interleukin-2 (IL-2). ADCC was not prevented by inhibitory effects mediated by HLA class I. We propose that treatment with chimeric CD19 antibodies leading to ADCC by donor-derived NK cells may become a therapeutic option for the post-transplantation treatment of minimal residual B-lineage ALLs.
|
['Antibodies', 'Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity', 'Antigens, CD19', 'Child', 'Cytotoxicity Tests, Immunologic', 'Humans', 'Killer Cells, Natural', 'Lymphocyte Depletion', 'Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation', 'Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma', 'Recombinant Fusion Proteins', 'T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory', 'Transplantation, Homologous']
| 14,764,538
|
[['D12.776.124.486.485.114', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114'], ['G12.287.070'], ['D23.050.301.264.035.119', 'D23.050.301.264.051.119', 'D23.050.301.500.600.200', 'D23.050.705.552.600.200', 'D23.101.100.110.119', 'D23.101.100.150.119'], ['M01.060.406'], ['E01.370.225.812.160', 'E05.200.812.160', 'E05.478.594.160', 'E05.940.245'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.537', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.537', 'A15.382.490.555.567.537'], ['E02.095.465.425.450.521', 'E05.478.610.570'], ['E02.095.147.500.500.500.500', 'E04.936.225.687.500.500'], ['C04.557.337.428.600', 'C15.604.515.560.600', 'C20.683.515.528.600'], ['D12.776.828.300'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.550.500.700', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.200.700', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.500.700', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.550.500.700', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.200.700', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.500.700', 'A15.382.490.555.567.550.500.700', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.200.700', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.500.700'], ['E04.936.864']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Asbestos in talc.
|
Talc deposits include asbestos minerals such as chrysotile and amphiboles that may be carried over into consumer products. Optical microscopy and x-ray diffraction analyses may not reveal their presence. Examples are given of electron microscopy procedures that permit detection and measurement.
|
['Asbestos', 'Microscopy, Electron', 'Microscopy, Polarization', 'Talc', 'X-Ray Diffraction']
| 4,470,924
|
[['D01.578.725.050', 'D01.837.725.700.760.070'], ['E01.370.350.515.402', 'E05.595.402'], ['E01.370.350.515.624', 'E05.595.624'], ['D01.524.500.850', 'D01.578.725.500.800', 'D01.837.725.700.760.535.800'], ['E05.196.309.742', 'E05.196.822.950', 'G01.867.950', 'G02.965']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Glycemic control and pregnancy outcomes in women with type 2 diabetes from Poland. The impact of pregnancy planning and a comparison with type 1 diabetes subjects.
|
The number of pregnancies complicated by type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is growing; however, their clinical characteristics remain incomplete. We aimed to assess clinical characteristics, glycemic control, and selected pregnancy outcomes in pregestational T2DM from Poland and to compare them with those of T1DM. We analyzed 415 consecutive singleton pregnancies; among them, there were 70 women with T2DM and 345 with T1DM. As compared to T1DM patients, women with T2DM were older (mean age 33.1 years vs. 27.8, respectively), heavier before pregnancy (mean BMI 30.8 kg/m² vs. 23.9), and had a shorter duration of diabetes (mean 3.3 years vs. 11.4); ( P<0.0001 for all comparisons). The gestational age at the first visit was higher in T2DM (mean 11.4 weeks vs. 8.6; P=0.0004). Nevertheless, they had better glycemic control in the first trimester (mean HbA1c 6.2% vs. 7.0; P=0.003); in subsequent months, the differences in HbA1c were no longer significant. T2DM women gained less weight during pregnancy (mean 9.9 kgs vs. 14.1; P<0.0001). The proportion of miscarriages (10.0 vs. 7.3%; P=0.32), preterm deliveries (12.7 vs. 17.8%; P=0.32), combined infant deaths, and congenital malformations were similar in both groups (9.5 vs. 8.8%; P=0.4) as was the frequency of caesarean sections (58.7 vs. 64.1%; P=0.30). Macrosomic babies were more than twice less frequent in T2DM and the difference reached borderline significance (7.9 vs. 17.5%, P=0.07). Pregnancy planning in T2DM had a significant impact on HbA1c in the first trimester (5.7 vs. 6.4% in the planning vs. the not planning group, P=0.02); the difference was not significant in the second and third trimester. T2DM women had better glycemic control in the first trimester than T1DM subjects and gained less weight during pregnancy. This could have been the reason for the slightly lower number of macrosomic babies but did not affect other outcomes. In T2DM, pregnancy planning had a beneficial glycemic effect in the first trimester.
|
['Adult', 'Age Factors', 'Body Mass Index', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2', 'Female', 'Fetal Macrosomia', 'Glycated Hemoglobin A', 'Humans', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Poland', 'Preconception Care', 'Pregnancy', 'Pregnancy Outcome', 'Pregnancy Trimester, First', 'Pregnancy in Diabetics', 'Prenatal Care', 'Weight Gain']
| 21,528,433
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.125', 'E05.041.124.125', 'G07.100.100.125', 'N06.850.505.200.100.175'], ['C18.452.394.750.124', 'C19.246.267', 'C20.111.327'], ['C18.452.394.750.149', 'C19.246.300'], ['C13.703.170.500', 'C13.703.277.570', 'C13.703.726.570', 'C16.300.570', 'C19.246.099.968', 'C23.888.144.186.500'], ['D09.400.430.937', 'D12.776.124.400.405.440', 'D12.776.395.381', 'D12.776.422.316.762.380.440'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['Z01.542.248.679'], ['E02.760.775', 'N02.421.143.620.620', 'N02.421.585.775', 'N02.421.920.660'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['E01.789.700', 'G08.686.784.769.496'], ['G08.686.707.408'], ['C13.703.726'], ['E02.760.786', 'N02.421.143.620.704', 'N02.421.585.786'], ['C23.888.144.243.926', 'G07.345.249.314.120.200.926']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C) expression in human colorectal cancer tissues.
|
Vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C) functions specifically to induce lymphangiogenesis. We examined the relationship between expression of VEGF-C and clinicopathological features in patients with colorectal cancer. The expression of VEGF-C in the 99 primary tumours and 18 metastatic lymph nodes from colorectal cancer patients was examined immunohistochemically. To verify VEGF-C mRNA expression, reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was carried out. The expression of VEGF-C correlated with lymphatic involvement, lymph nodes metastasis, and depth of invasion. On the other hand, correlations were nil with regard to gender of the patients, histologic type, venous involvement, and liver metastasis. The expression of VEGF-C in metastatic lymph nodes was fairly consistent with this expression in the primary tumour. Survival time was shorter for VEGF-C positive groups than for VEGF-C negative ones, but with no statistically significant difference. RT-PCR findings revealed that the expression of VEGF-C mRNA correlated mostly with that of VEGF-C protein expression. VEGF-C may play an important role in lymphatic spread of colorectal cancer.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Colorectal Neoplasms', 'Endothelial Growth Factors', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Lymphatic Metastasis', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor C']
| 10,970,690
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['C04.588.274.476.411.307', 'C06.301.371.411.307', 'C06.405.249.411.307', 'C06.405.469.158.356', 'C06.405.469.491.307', 'C06.405.469.860.180'], ['D12.644.276.390', 'D12.776.467.390', 'D23.529.390'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['C04.697.650.560', 'C23.550.727.650.560'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['E05.393.620.500.725'], ['D12.644.276.100.800.400', 'D12.776.467.100.800.400', 'D23.529.100.800.400']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Caspase-mediated apoptosis in sponges: cloning and function of the phylogenetic oldest apoptotic proteases from Metazoa.
|
Sponges (phylum Porifera) represent the phylogenetically oldest metazoan phylum. These animals have complex cell adhesion and powerful immune systems which allow the formation of a distinct body plan. Consequently, an apoptotic machinery has to be predicted that allows sponges to eliminate unwanted cells accumulating during development. With the marine sponge Geodia cydonium, it is shown that allografts of these animals undergo apoptosis as demonstrated by apoptotic DNA fragmentation. Extracts from allografts contain an enzymic activity characteristic for caspases; as substrate to determine the cleavage activity, Ac-DEVD-AMC was applied. cDNAs encoding predicted caspase-3-related proteins were isolated; they comprise the characteristic structure known from caspases of other metazoan phyla. The two cDNAs are assumed to originate from one gene by alternative splicing; the longer form comprises a caspase recruitment domain (CARD), whereas the shorter one is missing CARD. The expression of sponge caspase genes is up-regulated during allograft rejection. In vivo incubation experiments with Ac-DEVD-CHO (a caspase-3 inhibitor) showed a reduction of apoptotic DNA fragmentation, whereas Ac-LEHD-CHO (an inhibitor of caspase-9) caused no effect. It is concluded, that for the establishment of the metazoan body plan, both the adhesion molecules and the apoptotic molecules (described here) were essential prerequisites.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Animals', 'Apoptosis', 'Caspase 3', 'Caspase Inhibitors', 'Caspases', 'Cloning, Molecular', 'Coumarins', 'Endopeptidases', 'Enzyme Inhibitors', 'Isoenzymes', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Oligopeptides', 'Phylogeny', 'Porifera', 'Sequence Alignment']
| 12,581,862
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['B01.050'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['D08.811.277.656.262.500.126.350.300', 'D08.811.277.656.300.200.126.350.300', 'D12.644.360.075.405.350.300', 'D12.776.476.075.405.350.300'], ['D27.505.519.389.745.325.500'], ['D08.811.277.656.262.500.126', 'D08.811.277.656.300.200.126', 'D12.644.360.075.405', 'D12.776.476.075.405'], ['E05.393.220'], ['D03.383.663.283.446', 'D03.633.100.150.446'], ['D08.811.277.656.300'], ['D27.505.519.389'], ['D08.811.348', 'D12.776.800.300'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['D12.644.456'], ['G05.697', 'G16.075.605', 'L01.100.697'], ['B01.050.500.802'], ['E05.393.751']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
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