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Cytoplasmic dynein is a vesicle protein.
|
Microtubule-based organelle transport is thought to be mediated by the force-generating proteins cytoplasmic dynein and kinesin. These motor proteins have been characterized based on their ability to associate with and translocate microtubules. We show here that cytoplasmic dynein is also present as a peripheral membrane protein of purified synaptic vesicles. The vesicle-associated cytoplasmic dynein is identified by its photo-induced cleavage in the presence of ATP and vanadate. Purified, soluble cytoplasmic dynein is competent to bind to vesicle membranes stripped of endogenous peripheral membrane proteins by alkaline pH. Dynein binding to membranes is saturable at a concentration of 1.00 +/- 0.15 pmol/micrograms vesicle protein and has a dissociation constant of 22.3 +/- 2.4 nM. The association of cytoplasmic dynein with the membrane cannot be reversed by incubation with ATP. Furthermore, following binding to membranes, dynein retains its ability to bind ATP and to be photo-cleaved in the presence of vanadate. The presence of cytoplasmic dynein on synaptic vesicles and its ability to bind to extracted membranes supports current models of microtubule-based organelle translocation.
|
['Adenosine Triphosphate', 'Animals', 'Blotting, Western', 'Brain', 'Cattle', 'Chromatography, Gel', 'Cytoplasm', 'Dyneins', 'Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel', 'Kinesin', 'Kinetics', 'Microtubule-Associated Proteins', 'Molecular Weight', 'Synaptosomes', 'Vanadates']
| 1,531,658
|
[['D03.633.100.759.646.138.236', 'D13.695.667.138.236', 'D13.695.827.068.236'], ['B01.050'], ['E05.196.401.143', 'E05.301.300.096', 'E05.478.566.320.200', 'E05.601.262', 'E05.601.470.320.200'], ['A08.186.211'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['E05.196.181.400.250'], ['A11.284.430.214'], ['D08.811.277.040.013.500.063', 'D08.811.277.040.025.024.063', 'D08.811.277.040.025.193.249', 'D12.776.157.025.750.063', 'D12.776.220.600.200'], ['E05.196.401.402', 'E05.301.300.319'], ['D08.811.277.040.025.193.500', 'D12.776.220.600.450.450', 'D12.776.631.560.450'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['D12.776.220.600.450', 'D12.776.631.560'], ['G02.494'], ['A11.284.835.859'], ['D01.248.497.158.952', 'D01.960.960']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Anatomical study of the mandibular angle and body in wide mandibular angle cases.
|
BACKGROUND: Mandibular angle reduction surgery is widely used for aesthetic purposes. Because inferior alveolar nerve injury is a common complication of this surgery, the anatomical location of this nerve must be known before surgery. This study investigated the relative location of the inferior alveolar nerve in mesofacial and brachyfacial groups.METHODS: Panoramic views of patients were divided into Groups A (gonial angle < 120°) and B (gonial angle > 120°). For the analysis, the magnification of each image was standardized and the following parameters were measured: (1) gonial angle; (2) distance from the alveolar ridge at the center of the first and second premolars and first and second molars to (a) the inferior margin of the inferior alveolar canal and (b) the inferior margin of the mandible; (3) distance from the posterior alveolar ridge to the gonial angle and to (a) on the same line; (4) size of the first and second molars.RESULTS: Statistical analysis showed that there were no significant differences (P > 0.05) between Group A and Group B with respect to the distance from the alveolar ridge to the inferior alveolar canal in the first premolar, second premolar, and first molar. The differences between Group A and Group B with respect to the distance from the alveolar ridge to the inferior margin of the mandible for the second premolar, first molar, second molar and gonial angle were 0.7, 1.5, 2.8, and 7.0 mm, respectively (P < 0.05). The differences between Group A and Group B with respect to the distances from the inferior margin of the inferior alveolar canal to the inferior margin of the mandible for the same landmarks were 0.7, 1.1, 1.3, and 5.7 mm, respectively (P < 0.05).CONCLUSION: The difference in length from the alveolar ridge to the mandibular canal between the two groups was minimal, but the length to the gonial angle differed significantly. These results will help reduce inferior alveolar nerve injury during mandibular angle reduction surgery.
|
['Adult', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Jaw', 'Male', 'Mandibular Nerve', 'Radiography, Panoramic', 'Young Adult']
| 25,028,111
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A02.835.232.781.324.502', 'A14.521'], ['A08.800.800.120.760.500'], ['E01.370.350.700.720.750', 'E06.342.764.750'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
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| 0
|
What do British women know about cervical cancer symptoms and risk factors?
|
OBJECTIVE: To identify levels of cervical cancer risk factor and symptom awareness, as well as predictors of higher awareness in a United Kingdom (UK) female population.DESIGN: Population based survey.SETTING: Participants' homes in the UK.SAMPLE: UK representative sample of females aged 16 years and over (n=1392).MATERIALS AND METHODS: Respondents completed the Cervical Cancer Awareness Measure which included questions on awareness of cervical cancer symptoms and risk factors (both recalled and recognised). Linear regression analyses were used to identify predictors of higher symptom and risk factor recognition scores.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Awareness of cervical cancer symptoms and risk factors.RESULTS: Sixty-five percent of respondents were unable to recall any risk factors and 75% were unable to recall any symptoms. Awareness was higher when women were prompted (95% recognised at least one risk factor and 93% at least one symptom). Independent predictors of risk factor recognition were older age and higher education. Symptom recognition was associated with older age, White ethnicity, higher education and having a close experience of cervical cancer.CONCLUSIONS: To reduce inequalities in awareness, interventions should target younger women with lower education and those from ethnic minority groups.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Age Factors', 'Awareness', 'Educational Status', 'European Continental Ancestry Group', 'Female', 'Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice', 'Humans', 'Linear Models', 'Middle Aged', 'Recognition, Psychology', 'Risk Assessment', 'Risk Factors', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'United Kingdom', 'Uterine Cervical Neoplasms', 'Women', 'Young Adult']
| 22,683,170
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['F02.463.188.150'], ['N01.824.196'], ['M01.686.508.400'], ['F01.100.150.500', 'N05.300.150.410'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.740.500.500', 'E05.318.740.750.425', 'E05.599.835.750', 'N05.715.360.750.530.460', 'N05.715.360.750.695.460', 'N06.850.520.830.500.500', 'N06.850.520.830.750.425'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['F02.463.425.540.706'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.715', 'N04.452.871.715', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.690', 'N06.850.505.715', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.715'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['Z01.542.363'], ['C04.588.945.418.948.850', 'C13.351.500.852.593.131', 'C13.351.500.852.762.850', 'C13.351.937.418.875.850'], ['M01.975'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
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| 1
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| 0
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| 0
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| 1
| 1
|
The effect of music intervention on patients with cancer-related pain: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
|
AIM: To synthesize the effect of music intervention on patients with cancer-related pain in randomized controlled trials.DESIGN: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials following Cochrane methods.DATA RESOURCES: Systematic searches were conducted in Science Direct, Web of Science, Springer Link, Networked Digital Library of Theses & Dissertations, Ovid, CINAHL, Pubmed, Cochrane Library, Proquest, Council of Higher Education National Thesis Center, ULAKBIM Turkish National Databases for studies published in English and Turkish without year limitation. The review period covered 1978-March 2018.REVIEW METHODS: The risk of bias of eligible studies was evaluated by two researchers using the Cochrane Collaboration tool.RESULTS: Six studies with 593 participants met the inclusion criteria. Music intervention was generally applied by the passive listening method, which ranged from 30-60 min and 1-3 sessions. No significant publication bias was found in the main outcomes. As a result of the meta-analysis, it was found that music interventions have a moderate effect on cancer-related pain.CONCLUSION: Music intervention can have a positive effect on the management of cancer pain. The studies reported no adverse events. Nurses can use music intervention to manage cancer-related pain.IMPACT: The meta-analysis addressed the effect of music intervention on cancer-related pain. The statistical result indicates that music intervention was moderately effective in cancer-related pain. The findings of this study will contribute to the application of effective music intervention by nurses and will provide guidance for the development of studies related to the effect of music intervention on cancer-related pain.
|
['Cancer Pain', 'Humans', 'Music Therapy', 'Pain Management', 'Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic']
| 31,452,232
|
[['C23.888.592.612.212'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.190.888.500', 'E02.760.169.063.500.440', 'E02.831.440', 'F04.754.549'], ['E02.745', 'N04.590.607.500'], ['E05.318.372.250.250.365.500', 'N05.715.360.330.250.250.365.500', 'N06.850.520.450.250.250.365.500']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Enzyme-catalyzed cationic epoxide rearrangements in quinolone alkaloid biosynthesis.
|
Epoxides are highly useful synthons and biosynthons for the construction of complex natural products during total synthesis and biosynthesis, respectively. Among enzyme-catalyzed epoxide transformations, a reaction that is notably missing, in regard to the synthetic toolbox, is cationic rearrangement that takes place under strong acid. This is a challenging transformation for enzyme catalysis, as stabilization of the carbocation intermediate upon epoxide cleavage is required. Here, we discovered two Br?nsted acid enzymes that can catalyze two unprecedented epoxide transformations in biology. PenF from the penigequinolone pathway catalyzes a cationic epoxide rearrangement under physiological conditions to generate a quaternary carbon center, while AsqO from the aspoquinolone pathway catalyzes a 3-exo-tet cyclization to forge a cyclopropane-tetrahydrofuran ring system. The discovery of these new epoxide-modifying enzymes further highlights the versatility of epoxides in complexity generation during natural product biosynthesis.
|
['Alkaloids', 'Aspergillus nidulans', 'Biocatalysis', 'Cations', 'Epoxy Compounds', 'Hydro-Lyases', 'Molecular Structure', 'Penicillium', 'Quantum Theory', 'Quinolones']
| 28,114,276
|
[['D03.132'], ['B01.300.381.081.420'], ['G02.111.086', 'G02.130.500', 'G03.105'], ['D01.248.497.300'], ['D02.355.291.411'], ['D08.811.520.241.300'], ['G02.111.570', 'G02.466'], ['B01.300.381.662'], ['H01.671.579.800'], ['D03.633.100.810.835']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
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Percutaneous treatment of lumbar intervertebral disk hernias with radiopaque gelified ethanol: a preliminary study.
|
STUDY DESIGN: Prospective clinical trial.OBJECTIVE: Demonstrate the safety and efficacy of gelified ethanol in the percutaneous treatment of lumbar disk hernias.SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: After the commercial withdrawal of Chymopapain, the need for new substances to treat intervertebral disk hernias was evident. Good results were obtained with pure ethanol, but this substance was difficult to handle. We decided to use a similar substance mixed with ethylcellulose to increase its viscosity and enhanced with radiopaque material.METHODS: Two hundred seventy-six consecutive patients sent to be treated of a lumbar intervertebral disk hernia percutaneously were included in this preliminary study and treated with radiopaque gelified ethanol (RGE) and intra-articular steroids. Three groups were set, group A for patients to be treated only with RGE and groups B and C for difficult cases presenting a narrow canal, foraminal hernia, or hiperalgic sleepless hernia, treated with RGE plus another intradiscal technique, automatized percutaneous diskectomy for group B and radiofrequency nucleoplasty for group C.RESULTS: Very good or good results were obtained in 202 (91.4%) of the 221 patients in group A. Of the 44 patients in group B, 37 patients (84%) presented very good or good results and in 9 (82%) of the 11 patients of group C, we obtained similar results. There was no allergic complication in any of our patients. Short-term follow-up with magnetic resonance showed little or no changes in the intervertebral disk but there was discordance with clinical signs. Long-term follow-up magnetic resonance showed a dramatic reduction in hernia volume.CONCLUSIONS: This preliminary study shows the efficacy and inocuity of this new substance that could take over the Chymopapain therapeutic field.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Cellulose', 'Contrast Media', 'Diskectomy, Percutaneous', 'Ethanol', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Intervertebral Disc Chemolysis', 'Intervertebral Disc Displacement', 'Lumbar Vertebrae', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Prospective Studies', 'Sclerosing Solutions', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 17,912,130
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['D05.750.078.562.180', 'D09.698.365.180', 'D25.720.099.500', 'J01.637.051.720.099.500'], ['D27.505.259.500', 'D27.720.259'], ['E02.718.444.200', 'E04.188.350.200', 'E04.555.200.200'], ['D02.033.375'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.718.500'], ['C05.116.900.307', 'C23.300.707.952'], ['A02.835.232.834.519'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['D26.776.708.822', 'D27.505.954.411.700', 'D27.505.954.578.822', 'D27.720.752.822'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
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[The supply of wild ruminants with major and trace elements. 1. The cadmium content of winter grazing and the cadmium status of red deer, fallow deer, roes and moulons].
|
The Cd-determination of 10 different winter grazings for wild ruminants in seven different biotopes showed significant differences of the habitats resulting from the previous Cd-emission of metallurgy smelting non-ferrous metals. The winter grazing of the Tharandt Forest and the Harz mountains contained significantly more Cd than that of the Lower Flaming hills, the western Erzgebirge and the northern agrarian areas. The bark and the tips of conifer twigs, twigs of oak and mountain ash, bilberry and heather plants, i. e. perennial plants resp. parts of plants proved to be particularly rich in Cd. On an average, wild ruminants consume more Cd than domesticated ruminants, which do not consume parts of perennial plants. The rumen contents of all wild ruminants contained, with 0.20 to 0.25 mg/kg dry matter more Cd than could be expected from the content of the grazing. In the Cd-contaminated areas the amount of Cd in the rumen contents too showed the Cd-load. The kidneys, livers and the covering hair of a total of 172 head red deer, roes and mouflons reflected the Cd-load and the dependence of the Cd-level on the age. The Cd-concentration ascertained in the organs of the wild ruminants was compared with that of sheep and cattle. The, on an average, higher Cd-load of the wild ruminants was confirmed. The kidneys of wild ruminants older than five years should, as a general principle, not be eaten and neither should the livers of animals from Cd-contaminated biotopes. The limb defects of mouflons from Cd-contaminated areas are discussed in connection with Cd-induced secondary Cu-deficiency resp. Mn- and Zn-deficiency. A reference is made to further works.
|
['Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena', 'Animals', 'Cadmium', 'Cattle', 'Deer', 'Diet', 'Kidney', 'Liver', 'Rumen', 'Seasons', 'Sheep', 'Trees']
| 547,984
|
[]
|
[]
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
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On statistical methods for comparison of intrasample morphometric variability: Zalav?r revisited.
|
In studies of morphology, methods for comparing amounts of variability are often important. Three different ways of utilizing determinants of covariance matrices for testing for surplus variability in a hypothesis sample compared to a reference sample are presented: an F-test based on standardized generalized variances, a parametric bootstrap based on draws on Wishart matrices, and a nonparametric bootstrap. The F-test based on standardized generalized variances and the Wishart-based bootstrap are applicable when multivariate normality can be assumed. These methods can be applied with only summary data available. However, the nonparametric bootstrap can be applied with multivariate nonnormally distributed data as well as multivariate normally distributed data, and small sample sizes. Therefore, this method is preferable when raw data are available. Three craniometric samples are used to present the methods. A Hungarian Zalav?r sample and an Austrian Berg sample are compared to a Norwegian Oslo sample, the latter employed as reference sample. In agreement with a previous study, it is shown that the Zalav?r sample does not represent surplus variability, whereas the Berg sample does represent such a surplus variability.
|
['Multivariate Analysis', 'Sample Size', 'Software', 'Statistics as Topic']
| 10,954,621
|
[['E05.318.740.150.500', 'N05.715.360.750.125.500', 'N06.850.520.830.150.500'], ['E05.318.370.762', 'E05.581.500.902', 'N05.715.360.325.692', 'N06.850.520.445.762'], ['L01.224.900'], ['E05.318.740', 'H01.548.832', 'N05.715.360.750', 'N06.850.520.830']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
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Beta-Endorphin. Opiate receptor-binding activity of synthetic analogs modified in the enkephalin segment in rat brain membrane and neuroblastoma x glioma hybrid cell.
|
The potency of a series of synthetic analogs of beta-endorphin in inhibiting binding of [3H2-Tyr27]-beta h-endorphin to either rat brain membranes or neuroblastoma x glioma hybrid cells (NG108-15) has been determined and compared with the previously determined analgesic potency. There is a very good correlation between inhibitory potency in membranes and cells, but the correlation between analgesic potency and inhibitory potency in either membranes or cells is not as good.
|
['Animals', 'Brain', 'Cell Membrane', 'Endorphins', 'Glioma', 'Hybrid Cells', 'Kinetics', 'Mice', 'Neuroblastoma', 'Rats', 'Receptors, Opioid', 'Structure-Activity Relationship', 'beta-Endorphin']
| 6,288,587
|
[['B01.050'], ['A08.186.211'], ['A11.284.149'], ['D12.644.400.575.241', 'D12.776.631.650.575.241'], ['C04.557.465.625.600.380', 'C04.557.470.670.380', 'C04.557.580.625.600.380'], ['A11.251.600'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['C04.557.465.625.600.590.650.550', 'C04.557.470.670.590.650.550', 'C04.557.580.625.600.590.650.550'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.620', 'D12.776.543.750.720.600.610', 'D12.776.543.750.750.555.610'], ['G02.111.830', 'G07.690.773.997'], ['D06.472.699.327.935.239', 'D06.472.699.631.525.600.239', 'D12.644.400.400.935.239', 'D12.644.400.575.241.080', 'D12.644.548.365.935.239', 'D12.644.548.691.525.690.239', 'D12.776.631.650.405.935.239', 'D12.776.631.650.575.241.080']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
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Plasma homocysteine and cognitive decline in older hypertensive subjects.
|
BACKGROUND: Elevated plasma homocysteine concentrations have been associated with both cognitive impairment and dementia. However, it is unclear whether some cognitive domains are more affected than others, or if this relationship is independent of B12 and folate levels, which can also affect cognition. We examined the relationship between plasma homocysteine and cognitive decline in an older hypertensive population.METHODS: 182 older people (mean age 80 years) with hypertension and without dementia, were studied at one center participating in the Study on COgnition and Prognosis in the Elderly (SCOPE). Annual cognitive assessments were performed using a computerized assessment battery and executive function tests, over a 3-5 year period (mean 44 months). Individual rates of decline on five cognitive domains were calculated for each patient. End of study plasma homocysteine, folate and B12 concentrations were measured. The relationship between homocysteine levels and cognitive decline was studied using multivariate regression models, and by comparing high versus low homocysteine quartile groups.RESULTS: Higher homocysteine showed an independent association with greater cognitive decline in three domains: speed of cognition (â = -27.33, p = 0.001), episodic memory (â = -1.25, p = 0.02) and executive function (â = -0.05, p = 0.04). The association with executive function was no longer significant after inclusion of folate in the regression model (â = -0.032, p = 0.22). Change in working memory and attention were not associated with plasma homocysteine, folate or B12. High homocysteine was associated with greater decline with a Cohen's d effect size of approximately 0.7 compared to low homocysteine.CONCLUSIONS: In a population of older hypertensive patients, higher plasma homocysteine was associated with cognitive decline.
|
['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Aging', 'Biomarkers', 'Cognition', 'Cognition Disorders', 'Executive Function', 'Female', 'Folic Acid', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Homocysteine', 'Humans', 'Hypertension', 'Male', 'Neuropsychological Tests', 'Risk Factors', 'Vitamin B 12']
| 21,554,791
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['G07.345.124'], ['D23.101'], ['F02.463.188'], ['F03.615.250'], ['F02.463.217'], ['D03.633.100.733.631.400'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['D02.886.030.498', 'D12.125.166.498'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C14.907.489'], ['F04.711.513'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['D03.383.129.578.840.437.777', 'D03.633.400.909.437.777', 'D04.345.783.437.777']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
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| 0
|
Divergent patterns of allelic alterations in premalignant laryngeal lesions indicate differences in the impact of morphological grading characteristics.
|
OBJECTIVES: Classic histological grading and molecular genetic analysis of epithelial hyperplastic laryngeal lesions (EHLL) were correlated in an attempt to elucidate, which classic marker reflects best the gradual progression of laryngeal premalignant lesions as determined by an increasing number of molecular genetic aberrations.METHODS: Thirty-two EHLL were grouped according to four grades of nuclear atypia, four degrees of epithelial maturation and three groups of overall and suprabasal mitotic activity. Overall and suprabasal proliferative activity were measured by MIB-1 immunostaining and staged according to four levels. Allelic imbalance was determined by PCR using 32 microsatellite loci at nine chromosomal arms.RESULTS: Of the six classic criteria, only progressive mitotic indices correlated with allelic alterations in a remarkable variety of microsatellite markers, especially at chromosome 17p.CONCLUSION: Using the number of allelic alterations as standard for assessment, this preliminary study gives first evidence that certain morphological criteria could reflect differently the gradual progression of premalignant laryngeal lesions with mitotic index being the most promising marker. Further studies with long-term follow-up are required to prove the predictive value of these criteria in daily practice.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Allelic Imbalance', 'Antibodies, Antinuclear', 'Antibodies, Monoclonal', 'Cell Transformation, Neoplastic', 'Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hyperplasia', 'Laryngeal Diseases', 'Laryngeal Neoplasms', 'Larynx', 'Male', 'Microsatellite Repeats', 'Middle Aged', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction']
| 15,713,999
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['G05.365.590.029'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.323.204', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.323.204', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.323.204'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224'], ['C04.697.098.500', 'C23.550.727.098.500'], ['A11.284.187.520.300.415.425', 'G05.360.162.520.300.415.425'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C23.550.444'], ['C08.360', 'C09.400'], ['C04.588.443.665.481', 'C08.360.369', 'C08.785.481', 'C09.400.369', 'C09.647.481'], ['A04.329'], ['G02.111.570.080.708.800.500', 'G05.360.080.708.800.500', 'G05.360.340.024.850.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.393.620.500']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Two subunits of mannose permease, II-PMan and II-MMan, of Escherichia coli mediate coliphage N4 infection.
|
Mutant strains of Escherichia coli that lack one or all of the intact components of mannose permease do not support the growth of phage N4. Complementation experiments using three recombinant plasmids containing DNA fragments coding for the subunits of mannose permease revealed that among the three component subunits, II-PMan and II-MMan alone are sufficient to confer N4 sensitivity.
|
['Coliphages', 'DNA, Recombinant', 'Escherichia coli', 'Genetic Code', 'Genetic Complementation Test', 'Mutation', 'Phosphoenolpyruvate Sugar Phosphotransferase System', 'Plasmids', 'Recombinant Proteins', 'Suppression, Genetic']
| 2,669,760
|
[['B04.123.205'], ['D13.444.308.460'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['G05.360.335'], ['E05.393.281.526'], ['G05.365.590'], ['D05.500.562.484', 'D08.811.600.700', 'D08.811.913.696.620.650'], ['G05.360.600'], ['D12.776.828'], ['G05.365.590.835', 'G05.558.835']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Case selection for interferon treatment of hepatitis C.
|
To establish a case selection algorithm for the treatment of hepatitis C, predictive factors were studied and reported articles were reviewed and analysed. Because of the relatively poor efficacy of interferon (IFN) monotherapy, which is ineffective in 60-70% of patients, case selection at present is determined by the likelihood of attaining a sustained response (SR; defined by normalizing serum ALT and eliminating serum HCV RNA after treatment) to therapy. According to the present study, viral load and genotype, and IL-10 and IL-1ra serum levels, are the most predictive of achieving SR after IFN monotherapy given in a comparatively high dose regimen for 6 months. In addition, reported studies with logistic analyses were carefully reviewed and analysed for the most effective predictive factors of case selection. The results again indicated that viral load and HCV-genotype (serotype). were closely related to SR. Age, gender, and histological changes at treatment were also considered for case selection. These results, however, relate solely to IFN-monotherapy. Future development of more effective strategies for treating hepatitis C could alter the exclusion criteria for IFN treatment and will negate the need for the case selection algorithm discussed here.
|
['Algorithms', 'Antiviral Agents', 'Disease Progression', 'Female', 'Genotype', 'Hepacivirus', 'Hepatitis C, Chronic', 'Humans', 'Interferons', 'Logistic Models', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Patient Selection', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Viral Load']
| 10,921,393
|
[['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['D27.505.954.122.388'], ['C23.550.291.656'], ['G05.380'], ['B04.450.380', 'B04.820.578.344.475'], ['C01.221.250.750.120', 'C01.925.440.440.120', 'C01.925.782.350.350.120', 'C06.552.380.350.120', 'C06.552.380.705.440.120'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.644.276.374.440', 'D12.776.467.374.440', 'D23.529.374.440'], ['E05.318.740.500.525', 'E05.318.740.600.800.450', 'E05.318.740.750.450', 'E05.599.835.875', 'N05.715.360.750.530.480', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.450', 'N05.715.360.750.695.470', 'N06.850.520.830.500.525', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.450', 'N06.850.520.830.750.450'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.581.500.653', 'N04.590.731'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E01.370.225.875.950', 'E05.200.875.950', 'G06.920.850']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
A comparison of effect of temperature on phosphorus metabolites, pH and Mg2+ in human and ground squirrel red cells.
|
1. 31P NMR spectra were obtained at temperatures ranging from 2 to 30 degrees C from freshly drawn human (cold-sensitive) and ground squirrel (cold-tolerant) red cells. The concentration of ATP was also determined by luciferin-luciferase assay over the same temperature range. 2. The concentration of ATP as determined by NMR or by the luciferin-luciferase assay did not change with temperature in either species. The absolute concentration of ATP in human cells determined by NMR was not significantly different from the total ATP determined enzymatically. 3. The concentration of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate was higher and that of pyridine nucleotides lower in human than in ground squirrel red cells. This species difference was independent of temperature. 4. Intracellular pH, as determined from the positions of the NMR peaks of 2- and 3-phosphates of diphosphoglycerate, became more alkaline as the temperature was lowered. 5. Free intracellular magnesium, determined from the difference in the positions of the peaks for alpha- and beta-phosphorus of ATP, increased in the ground squirrel red cells and decreased in the human red cells with cooling from 30 to 2 degrees C. Total magnesium, as determined by atomic emission spectroscopy, did not change with temperature in red cells of either species. 6. The intensities of all phosphorus metabolite signals from the ground squirrel cells increased with decreasing temperature, while those from the human cells were unaffected. Since chemical shift anisotropy in the presence of magnesium is a powerful spin-lattice relaxation mechanism for phosphates, this is additional evidence for the temperature dependence of free magnesium concentration in the ground squirrel cells. 7. We conclude that there is no difference in phosphorus metabolites or intracellular pH which could account for the differential cold sensitivity in human and ground squirrel red cells. We suggest that, in the cold-tolerant red cells from the ground squirrel, magnesium is released from binding sites as the temperature is lowered. The change in free intracellular Mg2+ may account at least in part for the unusually low temperature sensitivity of the Na(+)-K+ pump in the red cells of this species.
|
['2,3-Diphosphoglycerate', 'Adenosine Triphosphate', 'Animals', 'Diphosphoglyceric Acids', 'Energy Metabolism', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Magnesium', 'Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy', 'Male', 'Phosphorus', 'Sciuridae', 'Species Specificity', 'Spectrophotometry, Atomic', 'Temperature']
| 8,308,744
|
[['D02.241.081.844.387.388.175', 'D02.241.511.902.387.388.175', 'D02.705.400.140.175', 'D09.811.366.388.175'], ['D03.633.100.759.646.138.236', 'D13.695.667.138.236', 'D13.695.827.068.236'], ['B01.050'], ['D02.241.081.844.387.388', 'D02.241.511.902.387.388', 'D02.705.400.140', 'D09.811.366.388'], ['G03.295'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G02.300'], ['D01.268.552.437', 'D01.268.557.500', 'D01.552.547.500'], ['E05.196.867.519'], ['D01.268.666'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.750'], ['G16.824'], ['E05.196.712.726.551', 'E05.196.867.826.551'], ['G01.906.595', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710', 'G16.500.750.775.710', 'N06.230.150.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Sex differences in methamphetamine pharmacokinetics in adult rats and its transfer to pups through the placental membrane and breast milk.
|
BACKGROUND: Methamphetamine (METH) abuse is a growing health problem worldwide, and METH use during pregnancy not only endangers the mother's health but also the developing fetus. To provide better insight into these risks, we performed the following experiments.METHOD: First, we investigated how sex influences the pharmacokinetics of METH and amphetamine (AMP) in male and female rats. Subsequently, we simulated chronic exposure of prenatal infants to METH abuse by investigating brain and plasma levels of METH and AMP in dams and pups. Finally, we modeled chronic exposure of infants to METH via breast milk and investigated sex differences in pups with regard to drug levels and possible sensitization effect of chronic prenatal METH co-treatment.RESULTS: We observed significantly higher levels of METH and AMP in the plasma and brain of female rats compared to males. Additionally, brain concentrations of METH and AMP in pups exposed to METH prenatally were equivalent to 62.13% and 37.78% relative to dam, respectively. Plasma concentrations of AMP where equivalent to 100% of the concentration in dams, while METH was equivalent to only 36.98%. Finally, we did not observe a significant effect relative to sex with regard to METH/AMP levels or sensitization effects linked to prenatal METH exposure.CONCLUSION: We demonstrated that female rats display higher levels of METH and AMP, thus indicating a greater risk of addiction and toxicity. Furthermore, our data show that pups are exposed to both METH and AMP following dam exposure.
|
['Amphetamine', 'Animals', 'Brain Chemistry', 'Central Nervous System Stimulants', 'Female', 'Male', 'Methamphetamine', 'Milk', 'Placenta', 'Pregnancy', 'Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Sex Characteristics']
| 24,726,427
|
[['D02.092.471.683.152.110'], ['B01.050'], ['G02.111.150', 'G03.185'], ['D27.505.696.282', 'D27.505.954.427.220'], ['D02.092.471.683.152.619'], ['A12.200.455', 'A12.790', 'G07.203.100.700', 'G07.203.300.350.525', 'J02.200.700', 'J02.500.350.525'], ['A16.710'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['C13.703.824.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900'], ['G08.686.815']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Personality and mood of former elite male athletes--a descriptive study.
|
The purpose of this study was to describe the personality and mood of former athletes in middle and old age. The subjects were male athletes who represented Finland from 1920 to 1965 and male referents who were classified as healthy at 20 years of age. The athletes were classified into a total of five athlete groups (endurance, power/combat, power/individual, team, shooting) and one reference group. Four personality scales (extroversion, neuroticism, life satisfaction, and hostility) were used in a baseline questionnaire in 1985 (athletes N = 1040, referents N = 777). Anxiety and depression were assessed in a follow-up in 1995 (athletes N = 758, referents N = 578) with a shortened version of the BSI-53 symptom inventory. According to ANCOVA there were group differences in extroversion, neuroticism, and life satisfaction but not in hostility. Athletes who had participated in power/combat sports and team sports were more extroverted than referents. Endurance sport and shooting sport athletes had lower neuroticism scores than the referents. Endurance, power/combat, team and shooting sport athletes were more satisfied with their lives than were the referents. Discriminant analysis mainly supported these findings. Differences regarding depression were also statistically significant between the groups as referents were more depressed than endurance sport and team sport athletes. No group differences in anxiety were found. The subjects described in this study are unique in number of respects. Bearing in mind the limitations of the study subjects, it is concluded that former athletes differ from nonathletes in some personality characteristics and depression.
|
['Adult', 'Affect', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Aging', 'Analysis of Variance', 'Anxiety', 'Data Collection', 'Depression', 'Extraversion, Psychological', 'Finland', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Personality', 'Quality of Life', 'Sports']
| 11,354,525
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['F01.470.047'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['G07.345.124'], ['E05.318.740.150', 'N05.715.360.750.125', 'N06.850.520.830.150'], ['F01.470.132'], ['E05.318.308', 'L01.399.250', 'N05.715.360.300', 'N06.850.520.308'], ['F01.145.126.350'], ['F01.752.747.246', 'F02.739.794.253'], ['Z01.542.816.186'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['F01.752'], ['I01.800', 'K01.752.400.750', 'N06.850.505.400.425.837'], ['I03.450.642.845']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Humanities [K]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
[Comparative assessment of combined therapy of neurogenic hyperactivity of detrusor in patients with Parkinson's disease].
|
We studied clinical characteristics of voiding disorders to improve treatment results in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) in 64 PD patients (28 women and 36 men aged 45 to 76 years, mean age 62.5 +/- 9.4 years). Duration of PD was 8.0 +/- 3.4 years, history of voiding disorders--2.1 +/- 0.8 years. Hyperactive urinary bladder was the cause of voiding disorders in all the patients. The examinees have undergone physical examination, microscopic and cultural examination of the urine, ultrasound investigation of the kidneys, urinary bladder and prostate with determination of residual urine, urodynamic examination of the lower urinary tracts. All the patients were divided into four groups. Group 1 of 10 patients received antiparkinsonian therapy which corrected voiding disorders. Group 2 (n = 26) received tolterodin in a dose 4 mg/day, group 3 (n = 14) received oxibutinin in a dose 5 mg/day, group 4 (n = 14) were treated with trospium chloride in a dose 30 mg/day. Thus, initial correction of antiparkinsonian therapy was made in 64 patients, after this correction voiding disorders reduced in 10 patients and no further treatment was needed. Voiding disorders reduced in all 3 groups of patients given the drugs. Cystometric capacity of the bladder increased in all 4 groups from 155 (86-450) ml to 220 (105-530) ml, on the average, and unstable contractions of the urinary bladder decreased from 3.1 (1-8) to 1.6 (0-5). Quality of life in the examinees improved considerably. The data obtained evidence for M-cholino-blockers efficacy in PD patients with unstable detrusor after correction of antiparkinsonean therapy. Two-month course of tolterodin, oxibutinin and trospium chloride significantly reduced symptoms of urination disorders.
|
['Aged', 'Antiparkinson Agents', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Muscarinic Antagonists', 'Parkinson Disease', 'Quality of Life', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic', 'Urinary Incontinence']
| 16,708,587
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['D27.505.954.427.090.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D27.505.519.625.120.200.500', 'D27.505.696.577.120.200.500'], ['C10.228.140.079.862.500', 'C10.228.662.600.400', 'C10.574.928.750'], ['I01.800', 'K01.752.400.750', 'N06.850.505.400.425.837'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['C10.597.900', 'C12.777.829.839', 'C13.351.968.829.760', 'C23.888.592.900'], ['C12.777.934.852', 'C13.351.968.934.814', 'C23.888.942.343.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss and postnatal viral labyrinthitis: a statistical comparison of temporal bone findings.
|
Although the cause of idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss remains uncertain, a viral origin has been suggested in many cases on the basis of anamnestic microbiologic and pathologic data. Twenty-two temporal bone specimens from 18 patients who during life suffered a sudden partial or complete sensorineural hearing loss were studied. On the basis of clinical data, these cases were assigned to one of three diagnostic categories, and the temporal bones were studied by light microscopy and serial section analysis. The implications of the histopathologic findings for the pathogenesis of idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss are discussed.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Atrophy', 'Child, Preschool', 'Cochlea', 'Female', 'Hair Cells, Auditory', 'Hearing Loss, Sensorineural', 'Humans', 'Labyrinthitis', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Temporal Bone', 'Virus Diseases']
| 2,244,729
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C23.300.070'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['A09.246.300.246'], ['A08.675.650.250', 'A08.675.650.915.750.600.350', 'A08.800.950.750.600.350', 'A09.246.300.246.577.325', 'A11.671.650.250', 'A11.671.650.915.750.600.350'], ['C09.218.458.341.887', 'C10.597.751.418.341.887', 'C23.888.592.763.393.341.887'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C09.218.568.558', 'C09.218.705.371'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['A02.835.232.781.885'], ['C01.925']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
[Polyethersulfone hollow fiber membrane for hemodialysis--preparation and evaluation].
|
Polyethersulfone (PES) hollow fibers were fabricated by dry-wet spinning method for hemodialysis application. The effects of additives polyethylene glycols (PEG) in the dope solution and of fiber thickness and inner diameter fiber on the membrane mechanical characters were investigated. The dialysis tests were conducted by using a simulated solution prepared by dissolving bovine serum albumin (BSA), lysozyme and urea in de-ionized water to test the effects of membrane characters and operating conditions on dialysis efficiency. The results indicated that the reduction of PEG concentration from 27.6 wt% to 24.1 wt% in the dope solution improved the clearance of toxins, but slightly decreased the mechanical characters. The reduction of fiber thickness or fiber inner diameter was found to improve the clearance of toxins by removing 64.2% of lysozyme and 89.4% of urea (membrane area 0.2 m2), whilst BSA retention was found being maintained above 98%. The dialysis efficiency was also noted to increase with the increase in the flow rate of either the simulated or the dialysate solution, or increasing the membrane area. Moreover, The result of a comparison on the clearance of toxins between commercial F60S and PES dialyzers indicated higher dialysis efficiency per area of the fabricated PES membrane.
|
['Biocompatible Materials', 'Evaluation Studies as Topic', 'Membranes, Artificial', 'Polyethylene Glycols', 'Polymers', 'Renal Dialysis', 'Sulfones']
| 20,337,032
|
[['D25.130', 'D27.720.102.130', 'J01.637.051.130'], ['E05.337', 'N05.715.360.335'], ['D25.479', 'J01.637.051.479', 'J01.637.087.500'], ['D02.033.455.250.700', 'D05.750.741', 'D25.720.741', 'J01.637.051.720.741'], ['D05.750', 'D25.720', 'J01.637.051.720'], ['E02.870.300', 'E02.912.800'], ['D02.886.590']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Early and late forms of cyclosporine nephrotoxicity: studies in cardiac transplant recipients.
|
To characterize the two forms of cyclosporine nephrotoxicity, we examined renal function in the immediate and late postoperative periods after cardiac transplantation. Moderate azotemia occurred during the first postoperative week in 58% of 43 cyclosporine-treated recipients, but in only 34% of 41 azathioprine-treated recipients, and 4% of 25 patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass for nontransplant surgery (both P less than .01 v cyclosporine). Acute renal failure developed in an additional 12% of the cyclosporine-treated group. Late postoperative renal dysfunction also occurred with a high prevalence. Life-table analysis indicated that at 6 months 55%, at 12 months 17%, at 24 months 4%, and at 36 months no cyclosporine-treated recipients retained normal renal function. Three renal biopsies performed in subjects with late nephrotoxicity demonstrated prominent interstitial fibrosis. Although one patient subsequently required chronic dialysis, reduction of cyclosporine dosage from a mean of 5.3 +/- 0.7 mg/kg/d to a mean of 2.3 +/- 0.3 mg/kg/d 9 to 21 months after transplantation with concurrent initiation of azathioprine therapy to prevent rejection led to an improvement of renal function in the five patients so treated. These data indicate that there are two distinct forms of cyclosporine nephrotoxicity. Although both occur with high prevalence, the early form does not appear to be a specific risk factor for the late form.
|
['Acute Kidney Injury', 'Adult', 'Azathioprine', 'Cardiopulmonary Bypass', 'Cyclosporins', 'Female', 'Graft vs Host Disease', 'Heart Transplantation', 'Humans', 'Lung Transplantation', 'Male', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Prednisone', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Time Factors', 'beta 2-Microglobulin']
| 3,544,821
|
[['C12.777.419.780.050', 'C13.351.968.419.780.050'], ['M01.060.116'], ['D02.886.759.111', 'D03.633.100.759.570.090', 'D13.570.900.111'], ['E04.292.413'], ['D04.345.566.235', 'D12.644.641.235'], ['C20.452'], ['E04.100.376.475', 'E04.928.220.390', 'E04.936.450.475'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E04.928.600.495', 'E04.936.450.495'], ['C23.550.767'], ['D04.210.500.745.432.719.702'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['G01.910.857'], ['D12.776.124.790.223.100', 'D12.776.377.715.182.100', 'D12.776.395.550.489.100', 'D12.776.543.550.439.100', 'D23.050.301.500.100.175', 'D23.050.705.552.100.175']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
[Eosinophil and neutrophil degranulation in allergic inflammation: immunohistochemical localization of granule proteins in fatal asthma and stimulus-dependent degranulation in vitro].
|
Airway inflammation is a central feature of bronchial asthma. The eosinophil, a major infiltrating cell in the airway wall in asthma, expresses its effector function by degranulation of toxic granule proteins. The role of the neutrophil in allergic inflammation is still controversial. In order to clarify the possible involvement of degranulation in allergic inflammation, we studied the immunohistochemical localization of granule proteins of the eosinophil and the neutrophil, namely, major basic protein (MBP) and elastase, respectively, in the lungs from patients with fatal asthma. We found that extracellular deposition of MBP or elastase coexisted with epithelial damage in the airway and that more eosinophils were found in slow onset fatal asthma cases and more neutrophils in sudden onset fatal asthma. These results suggest that inflammatory cell degranulation may have induced tissue injury in cases of fatal asthma, and that there may be two pathologically distinct forms of fatal asthma in terms of involvement of eosinophils or neutrophils. Next we showed that IgA and IgG coupled to Sepharose beads induced eosinophil and neutrophil degranulation. IgA and secretory IgA (sIgA) for neutrophils and sIgA for eosinophils were the most potent stimulators of degranulation. Pretreatment of eosinophils with pertussis toxin (PTX) for 2 h irreversibly abolished sIgA-induced degranulation, whereas PTX treatment only transiently inhibited IgG-induced eosinophil degranulation. Activated PTX catalyzed the in vitro ADP ribosylation of 41- and 44-kDa proteins in eosinophils. A 2-h pretreatment of intact cells with PTX markedly reduced the pools of unmodified 41- and 44-kDa substrates available for subsequent ADP-ribosylation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Asthma', 'Blood Proteins', 'Eosinophil Granule Proteins', 'Eosinophils', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neutrophils', 'Ribonucleases']
| 8,007,454
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C08.127.108', 'C08.381.495.108', 'C08.674.095', 'C20.543.480.680.095'], ['D12.776.124'], ['D12.776.124.486.379'], ['A11.118.637.415.345', 'A11.627.340.345', 'A15.145.229.637.415.345', 'A15.382.490.315.251'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['A11.118.637.415.583', 'A11.627.340.583', 'A11.733.689', 'A15.145.229.637.415.583', 'A15.382.490.315.583', 'A15.382.680.689'], ['D08.811.277.352.700']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
The bovine papillomavirus origin of replication requires a binding site for the E2 transcriptional activator.
|
The bovine papillomavirus type I transcriptional activator E2 is essential for replication of bovine papillomavirus DNA, yet most of the high-affinity binding sites for E2 are dispensable. Here we demonstrate an absolute requirement for a binding site for the E2 polypeptide as a cis-acting replication element, establishing that site-specific binding of E2 to the origin is a prerequisite for bovine papillomavirus replication in vivo. The position and distance of the E2 binding site relative to the other origin of replication components are flexible, but function at a distance requires high-affinity E2 binding sites. Thus, low-affinity binding sites function only when located close to the origin of replication, while activity at greater distances requires multimerized high-affinity E2 binding sites. The requirement for E2, although different in some respects, shows distinct similarities to what has been termed replication enhancers and may provide insight into the function of this class of DNA replication element.
|
['Base Sequence', 'Bovine papillomavirus 1', 'DNA Mutational Analysis', 'DNA Replication', 'DNA-Binding Proteins', 'Enhancer Elements, Genetic', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Nucleic Acid Conformation', 'Structure-Activity Relationship', 'Transcription Factors', 'Transcription, Genetic', 'Viral Proteins', 'Virus Replication']
| 8,381,536
|
[['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['B04.280.210.655.200.100', 'B04.613.204.655.200.100'], ['E05.393.760.700.300'], ['G02.111.225', 'G05.226'], ['D12.776.260'], ['G02.111.570.080.689.330', 'G05.360.080.689.330', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.750.249'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G02.111.570.820.486', 'G05.360.580'], ['G02.111.830', 'G07.690.773.997'], ['D12.776.930'], ['G02.111.873', 'G05.297.700'], ['D12.776.964'], ['G06.920.925']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Prevalence of fra(X) and other specific diagnoses in autistic individuals in a Danish county.
|
In a Danish county (the island of Funen) cytogenetic screening for fragile X [fra(X)] of 32 autistic individuals aged 0-23 years showed a prevalence of 2/20 among boys and 0/12 among girls. In both cases additional fra(X) positive relatives were found. In 3 patients other chromosome aberrations were demonstrated and in one female Rett syndrome was diagnosed, initially suspected from observations of her behavior on videotapes. The presence of an underlying cause of autism in 6/32, of the patient group encourages an active search for a specific diagnosis among autistic males and females. Future screening of autistic individuals should include 1) fra(X) search also in females, 2) search for other chromosomal disorders, and 3) observation of behavior, in order to diagnose, i.e., Rett syndrome.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Autistic Disorder', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Chromosome Aberrations', 'Chromosome Disorders', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Denmark', 'Female', 'Fragile X Syndrome', 'Genetic Testing', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Intellectual Disability', 'Male', 'Pedigree', 'Rett Syndrome']
| 2,018,060
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['F03.625.164.113.500'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['C23.550.210', 'G05.365.590.175'], ['C16.131.260', 'C16.320.180'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['Z01.542.816.124'], ['C10.597.606.360.455.500', 'C16.131.260.830.300', 'C16.320.180.830.300', 'C16.320.322.500.500', 'C16.320.400.525.500'], ['E01.370.225.562', 'E05.200.562', 'E05.393.435', 'N02.421.308.430', 'N02.421.726.233.221'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['C10.597.606.360', 'C23.888.592.604.646', 'F01.700.687', 'F03.625.539'], ['E05.393.673'], ['C10.597.606.360.455.937', 'C16.320.322.500.937', 'C16.320.400.525.937']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Evaluation of corneal endothelium and keratic precipitates by specular microscopy in anterior uveitis.
|
BACKGROUND: The study of corneal endothelium, by specular microscopy, in patients with anterior uveitis has largely been restricted to observations on the endothelial cells. In this prospective study "keratic precipitates" (KP) in different types of uveitis were examined in different stages of the disease process and the endothelial changes occurring in the vicinity of the KP were evaluated in comparison with the endothelium of the uninvolved eye.METHODS: 13 patients with active unilateral uveitis were recruited. The mean age was 42.9 years (range 20-76 years). A Tomey-1100 contact wide field specular (x10) microscope was used to capture endothelial images and KP until the resolution of uveitis. Data regarding type of uveitis, number, size, and nature of KP were recorded. Automated morphometric analysis was done for cell size, cell density and coefficient of variation, and statistical comparisons of cell size and cell density were made (Student's t test) between the endothelium in the vicinity of fresh and resolving KP, fresh KP and normal endothelium, and resolving KP and normal endothelium.RESULTS: On specular microscopy, fresh KP were seen as dense, white glistening deposits occupying 5-10 endothelial cells in diameter and fine KP were widely distributed and were one or two endothelial cells in diameter. The KP in Posner-Schlossman syndrome had a distinct and different morphology. With clinical remission of uveitis, the KP were observed to undergo characteristic morphological changes and old KP demonstrated a large, dark halo surrounding a central white deposit and occasionally a dark shadow or a "lacuna" replaced the site of the original KP. Endothelial blebs were noted as dark shadows or defects in the endothelial mosaic in patients with recurrent uveitis. There was significant statistical difference in the mean cell size and cell density of endothelial cells in the vicinity of fresh KP compared with normal endothelium of the opposite eye.CONCLUSION: This study elucidated the different specular microscopic features of KP in anterior uveitis. Distinct morphological features of large and fine KP were noted. These features underwent dramatic changes on resolution of uveitis. The endothelium was abnormal in the vicinity of KP, which returned to near normal values on resolution of uveitis.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Chemical Precipitation', 'Cornea', 'Endothelium, Corneal', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Microscopy', 'Middle Aged', 'Pigments, Biological', 'Prospective Studies', 'Recurrence', 'Uveitis, Anterior']
| 11,090,474
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E05.196.150', 'G02.159'], ['A09.371.060.217'], ['A09.371.060.067.318', 'A09.371.060.217.318', 'A10.272.491.318'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.515', 'E05.595', 'H01.671.617.562'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D23.767'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['C23.550.291.937'], ['C11.941.879.780.880']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
[Benign intracranial hypo- and hypertension].
|
Chronic headaches due to intracranial hypo- or hypertension (IHS codes 7.2 and 7.1) may be difficult to diagnose. In this article, we review their principal clinical characteristics, etiologies and therapies. Intracranial hypotension may be caused by CSF linkage, e.g. after lumbar puncture. It may also be "idiopathic" in which case a CSF leak, usually at the spinal level, may be difficult to demonstrate. Postural headache is the clinical hallmark of intracranial hypotension. The diagnosis is confirmed by leptomeningeal enhancement on MRI scans. The headache of benign intracranial hypertension may be aggravated by the supine position and accompanied by transient visual obscurations and tinnitus. Papillary edema supports the diagnosis but may be absent in some cases. Increased opening pressure of the CSF will confirm the diagnosis. Etiologies such as cerebral venous thrombosis, have to be excluded by adequate imaging methods. In both hypo- and hypertension syndromes, various therapeutic strategies have been proposed.
|
['Cerebrovascular Disorders', 'Diagnosis, Differential', 'Headache', 'Humans', 'Intracranial Hypertension', 'Intracranial Hypotension']
| 10,548,894
|
[['C10.228.140.300', 'C14.907.253'], ['E01.171'], ['C23.888.592.612.441'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C10.228.140.631'], ['C10.228.140.638']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Cardiac output changes and continuous mixed venous oxygen saturation measurement in the critically ill.
|
For many years, the pulmonary artery catheter has been used to monitor cardiac filling pressures and to determine cardiac output in hemodynamically unstable patients. Recently, a new pulmonary artery catheter with fiberoptic capabilities, which provides continuous mixed venous O2 saturation (SvO2) measurements, has become available and has been found to be helpful in managing unstable patients. To determine the efficacy of this device in predicting early changes in cardiac output, we studied 46 patients catheterized with the opticath and 25 with the standard pulmonary artery catheter; we compared changes in the SvO2 with associated cardiac index changes. We found that small changes (5%) in SvO2 did not correlate well with changes in cardiac output, yet larger changes (10%) in SvO2 seemed to correlate better. More importantly, we found that only 50% of the SvO2 changes predicted anticipated changes in cardiac output. As can best be determined from the limitations of a nonrandomized study, the value of continuous SvO2 monitoring as an early predictor of cardiac output change remains questionable.
|
['Cardiac Output', 'Catheters, Indwelling', 'Critical Care', 'Evaluation Studies as Topic', 'Fiber Optic Technology', 'Heart Diseases', 'Humans', 'Lactates', 'Middle Aged', 'Monitoring, Physiologic', 'Oximetry', 'Oxygen', 'Oxygen Consumption', 'Respiratory Insufficiency', 'Shock']
| 3,359,787
|
[['E01.370.370.380.150', 'G09.330.380.124'], ['E07.132.500'], ['E02.760.190', 'N02.421.585.190'], ['E05.337', 'N05.715.360.335'], ['H01.671.617.249'], ['C14.280'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D02.241.511.459'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.370.520'], ['E01.370.225.124.100.100.600', 'E01.370.370.380.600', 'E01.370.386.700.100.600', 'E05.200.124.100.100.600'], ['D01.268.185.550', 'D01.362.670'], ['G03.680'], ['C08.618.846'], ['C23.550.835']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
[Practical conducting of blood pressure measuring. Important contributing factors and possibilities of errors].
|
Studies have shown that both laypersons and doctors and medical staff have insufficient knowledge of the proper handling of blood pressure measurement. The resulting deviations in the measured values are of a diagnostically relevant order of magnitude capable of leading, for example, to an erraneous diagnosis of hypertension. Some of the factors frequently receiving too little attention are, for example, the use of an inappropriate cuff size, failure to ensure that the patient is adequately rested, and inappropriate positioning of the arm during measurement. Attention is drawn to the recommendations of the various hypertension societies.
|
['Arm', 'Automation', 'Blood Pressure Determination', 'Humans', 'Hypertension', 'Patients', 'Reproducibility of Results']
| 10,384,744
|
[['A01.378.800.075'], ['J01.897.104'], ['E01.370.370.140', 'E01.370.600.100'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C14.907.489'], ['M01.643'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Risk factors for Aujeszky's disease in pig herds and detection of field virus antibodies in fattening pigs in the state of Yucatan, Mexico.
|
Two epidemiological studies were conducted from August 1997 to May 1998: a case-control study to identify herd level risk factors for antibodies to Aujeszky's disease virus (ADV) in sows in the state of Yucatan, Mexico and a cross-sectional study to determine the prevalence of antibodies against ADV in fattening pigs. In the case-control study, data on herd management and biosecurity were obtained from all the 27 ADV known field-virus-seropositive farms (cases) and 62 randomly selected seronegative farms (controls) by questionnaire. Breeding animals of these seropositive farms had received a gE-deletion vaccine. In the cross-sectional study, 26 farrow-to-finish farms of the 27 seropositive farms were used and blood samples taken from 60 fattening pigs per herd (15 pigs for each stage of production). Serum samples were analyzed by the screening-ELISA and gE-ELISA tests. In the case-control study, three of the 15 risk factors were significant. Odds ratios for distance to the nearest farm (< or = 2.5km), not sampling for the detection of ADV and herds with origin of breeding animals within the state were 9.5, 18.1 and 8.7. In the cross-sectional study, 11 (42.3%) of the 26 sampled farms were seropositive to vaccine antibodies. None of the piglets were positive to antibodies against field virus risk--suggesting that the strategy of vaccinating only the breeding animals reduced the ADV infection of the piglets.
|
['Animal Husbandry', 'Animals', 'Antibodies, Viral', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay', 'Female', 'Herpesvirus 1, Suid', 'Male', 'Mexico', 'Odds Ratio', 'Pseudorabies', 'Risk Factors', 'Serologic Tests', 'Swine', 'Vaccination']
| 11,830,294
|
[['J01.040.090'], ['B01.050'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.254', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.254', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.254'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['E05.478.566.350.170', 'E05.478.566.380.360', 'E05.478.583.400.170', 'E05.601.470.350.170', 'E05.601.470.380.360'], ['B04.280.382.100.900.510'], ['Z01.107.567.589'], ['E05.318.740.600.600', 'G17.680.500', 'N05.715.360.750.625.590', 'N06.850.520.830.600.600'], ['C01.207.245.710', 'C01.925.182.710', 'C01.925.256.466.793', 'C10.228.228.245.710', 'C22.742'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['E01.370.225.812.735', 'E05.200.812.735', 'E05.478.594.760'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.880'], ['E02.095.465.425.400.530.890', 'E05.478.550.600.890', 'N02.421.726.758.310.890', 'N06.850.780.200.425.900', 'N06.850.780.680.310.890']]
|
['Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Genetic mobility and distribution of tetracycline resistance determinants.
|
Since 1953, tetracycline-resistant bacteria have been found increasingly in humans, animals, food and the environment. Tetracycline resistance is normally due to the acquisition of new genes and is primarily due to either energy-dependent efflux of tetracycline or protection of the ribosomes from its action. Gram-negative efflux genes are frequently associated with conjugative plasmids, whereas Gram-positive efflux genes are often found on small mobilizable plasmids or in the chromosome. The ribosomal protection genes are generally associated with conjugative transposons which have a preference for the chromosome. Recently, tetracycline resistance genes have been found in the genera Mycobacterium, Nocardia, Streptomyces and Treponema. The Tet M determinant codes for a ribosomal protection protein which can be found in Gram-positive, Gram-negative, cell-wall-free, aerobic, anaerobic, pathogenic, opportunistic and normal flora species. This promiscuous nature may be correlated with its location on a conjugative transposon and its ability to cross most biochemical and physical barriers found in bacteria. The Tet B efflux determinant is unlike other efflux gene products because it confers resistance to tetracycline, doxycycline and minocycline and has the widest host range of all Gram-negative efflux determinants. We have hypothesized that mobility and the environment of the bacteria may help influence the ultimate host range of specific tet genes. If we are to reverse the trend towards increasingly antibiotic-resistant pathogenic bacteria, we will need to change how antibiotics are used in both human and animal health as well as food production.
|
['Bacteria', 'Genes, Bacterial', 'Genetic Variation', 'Humans', 'Tetracycline', 'Tetracycline Resistance']
| 9,189,643
|
[['B03'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.364.249', 'G05.360.340.358.024.249', 'G05.360.340.358.207.249'], ['G05.365'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.562.900.875', 'D04.615.562.900.875'], ['G06.099.225.937', 'G06.225.347.937', 'G07.690.773.984.269.347.937']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Acute gastrointestinal bleeding: what are the issues the new millennium will resolve?
|
Endoscopic therapy for acute gastrointestinal bleeding remains a pivotal component of patient management. There is a need to advance the capabilities of the interventional endoscopist. Advancements include endoscope redesign, new accessories, refined portable surface and subsurface imaging technology, and an evolution of a portable-working environment into an ideal mobile procedure area. Desirable future endoscopic techniques must include suturing, localized resection, and endoscopic ultrasound-guided selective angiography with embolization of a bleeding vessel.
|
['Acute Disease', 'Angiography', 'Embolization, Therapeutic', 'Endoscopes, Gastrointestinal', 'Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal', 'Equipment Design', 'Forecasting', 'Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage', 'Humans', 'Image Processing, Computer-Assisted', 'Surface Properties', 'Suture Techniques', 'Ultrasonography, Interventional']
| 10,618,456
|
[['C23.550.291.125'], ['E01.370.350.700.060', 'E01.370.370.050'], ['E02.520.360', 'E02.926.500'], ['E07.230.220.260', 'E07.858.240.260'], ['E01.370.372.250.250', 'E01.370.388.250.250.250', 'E04.210.240.250', 'E04.502.250.250.250'], ['E05.320'], ['I01.320'], ['C06.405.227', 'C23.550.414.788'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.224.308'], ['G02.860'], ['E04.987.775'], ['E01.370.350.850.855', 'E04.502.890']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
PREVALENCE AND RISK FACTORS FOR CARDIAC IRON OVERLOAD AND CARDIOVASCULAR COMPLICATIONS AMONG PATIENTS WITH THALASSEMIA IN NORTHERN THAILAND.
|
Cardiovascular complications are the most common cause of death
among thalassemia patients in Thailand. In this study, we evaluated the prevalence
of cardiac iron overload, cardiovascular complications and the associated
risk factors. The information obtained will serve as a guidance for surveillance,
prevention and early treatment of the complications. We conducted a cross sectional
study of Thai patients with thalassemia attending Chiang Mai University
Hospital, Thailand. Cardiac T2* magnetic resonance imaging (CMR T2*) was used
to evaluate the myocardial iron deposition and echocardiography was used to
evaluate the cardiac function and to identify pulmonary hypertension. Ninety-one
patients were included in the study; 64% females with a median age of 31 (16-75)
years. Of the total study subjects, 49% had homozygous â thalassemia, 32% had
â thalassemia/Hb E disease, and 19% had Hb H disease. Half the participants
were transfusion-dependent and 84% had received iron chelation. The CMR T2*
showed cardiac iron overload in 10 patients (11%). The maximum ferritin level
in the previous 3 years was higher among the patients with cardiac iron overload
(6,310 ng/ml) than among the patients without cardiac iron overload (3,352 ng/ml)
(p=0.001). Twenty-one patients (23%) had cardiovascular complications. Cardiomyopathy
was seen in 8% of patients [17% in patients with transfusion-dependent
thalassemia (TDT) and none in patients with non-transfusion-dependent thalassemia
(NTDT)] and pulmonary hypertension in 15% of patients (14% in patients
with TDT and 16% in patients with NTDT). TDT and cardiac iron overload were
significantly associated with cardiomyopathy. No risk factors were found to be significantly
associated with pulmonary hypertension. In summary, cardiac iron overload
and cardiomyopathy are important complications in TDT while pulmonary
hypertension is seen in both TDT and NTDT. Iron chelation and monitoring of
serum ferritin level will prevent cardiac iron overload and cardiomyopathy. Interval
monitoring with echocardiography will help with early identification of
the cardiac complications.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Blood Transfusion', 'Cardiovascular Diseases', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Iron Overload', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Prevalence', 'Risk Factors', 'Thailand', 'Thalassemia', 'Young Adult']
| 29,634,199
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E02.095.135'], ['C14'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C18.452.565.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['Z01.252.145.841'], ['C15.378.071.141.150.875', 'C15.378.420.826', 'C16.320.070.875', 'C16.320.365.826'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Effect of antiphlogistic steroids on urinary hydroxyproline excretion in systemic lupus erythematosus.
|
Total hydroxyproline excretion in 24-hour urine was determined in 20 cases of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) before and during treatment. Additionally the excretion of hydroxyproline was determined in 14 patients receiving steroids for various other diseases (endocarditis, thrombocytopenia, acute leukemia, apofocal polyarthritis, ischialgia, spastic bronchitis, pleuritis and Dressler's post-infarction syndrome). The normal hydroxyproline value was established in 40 healthy persons. The normalization of pathologically increased hydroxyproline excretion in patients with SLE during treatment with prednisone in doses from 1.0 to 1.35 mg/kg/daily was associated with remission of clinical symptoms. Large doses of prednisone in pathological processes not primarily affecting connective tissue increased the 24-hour excretion of hydroxyproline and small doses of prednisone had no effect on hydroxyprolinuria.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hydroxyproline', 'Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Prednisone', 'Sex Factors']
| 959,050
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.125.072.401.623.478'], ['C17.300.480', 'C20.111.590'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D04.210.500.745.432.719.702'], ['N05.715.350.675', 'N06.850.490.875']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Lateral inhibition of Notch signaling in neoplastic cells.
|
During normal development, heterogeneous expression of Notch ligands can result in pathway suppression in the signal-sending cell, a process known as lateral inhibition. It is unclear if an analogous phenomenon occurs in malignant cells. We observed significant induction of Notch ligands in glioblastoma neurospheres and pancreatic carcinoma cells cultured in low oxygen, suggesting that this phenomenon could occur around hypoxic regions. To model lateral inhibition in these tumors, the ligand Jagged1 was overexpressed in glioblastoma and pancreatic carcinoma cells, resulting in overall induction of pathway targets. However, when ligand high and ligand low cells from a single line were co-cultured and then separated, we noted suppression of Notch pathway targets in the former and induction in the latter, suggesting that neoplastic lateral inhibition can occur. We also found that repression of Notch pathway targets in signal-sending cells may occur through the activity of a Notch ligand intracellular domain, which translocates into the nucleus. Understanding how this neoplastic lateral inhibition process functions in cancer cells may be important in targeting ligand driven Notch signaling in solid tumors.
|
['Calcium-Binding Proteins', 'Cell Differentiation', 'Cell Hypoxia', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Coculture Techniques', 'Glioblastoma', 'Humans', 'Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins', 'Jagged-1 Protein', 'Jagged-2 Protein', 'Membrane Proteins', 'Pancreatic Neoplasms', 'Receptors, Notch', 'Serrate-Jagged Proteins', 'Signal Transduction']
| 25,557,173
|
[['D12.776.157.125'], ['G04.152'], ['G03.197.300', 'G04.270.300'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['E05.481.500.374'], ['C04.557.465.625.600.380.080.335', 'C04.557.470.670.380.080.335', 'C04.557.580.625.600.380.080.335'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.644.276', 'D12.776.467', 'D23.529'], ['D12.644.276.930.500', 'D12.776.157.125.797.500', 'D12.776.543.800.500', 'D23.529.930.500'], ['D12.644.276.930.750', 'D12.776.157.125.797.750', 'D12.776.543.800.750', 'D23.529.930.750'], ['D12.776.543'], ['C04.588.274.761', 'C04.588.322.475', 'C06.301.761', 'C06.689.667', 'C19.344.421'], ['D12.776.543.750.725', 'D12.776.930.770'], ['D12.644.276.930', 'D12.776.157.125.797', 'D12.776.543.800', 'D23.529.930'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Alternate strategies for improving iron nutrition: lessons from recent research.
|
Strategies such as dietary diversification and food fortification have yielded significant results in controlling iron deficiency anaemia in developed countries. Reducing the prevalence of iron deficiency anaemia in developing countries is still a matter of importance. The major factors responsible for iron deficiency anaemia in the vulnerable segments of developing countries are reduced intake and poor bioavailability of dietary iron. Dietary diversification and food-based approaches pose considerable challenges before they can be implemented on a wide scale. Anaemia control programmes based on the administration of prophylactic doses of iron and folic acid tablets have been widely implemented. As the programmes were not effective in countries such as India, the dosage of iron was increased. The role of excess iron in causing intestinal oxidative stress has drawn attention to other approaches of iron supplementation. Prophylactic administration of iron along with antioxidants like vitamins E and C or foods rich in these vitamins is one such strategy. To reduce the intestinal oxidative stress, intermittent supplementation of iron is being considered. The potential benefits and shortcomings of these approaches are reviewed.
|
['Anemia, Iron-Deficiency', 'Antioxidants', 'Ascorbic Acid', 'Developing Countries', 'Dietary Supplements', 'Food, Fortified', 'Health Policy', 'Humans', 'India', 'Intestinal Absorption', 'Intestinal Mucosa', 'Iron', 'Micronutrients', 'Oxidative Stress', 'Sodium Chloride']
| 11,509,109
|
[['C15.378.071.196.300', 'C18.452.565.100'], ['D27.505.519.217', 'D27.505.696.706.125', 'D27.720.799.047'], ['D02.241.081.844.107', 'D02.241.511.902.107', 'D09.811.100'], ['I01.615.500.300'], ['G07.203.300.456', 'J02.500.456'], ['G07.203.300.515', 'J02.500.515'], ['I01.655.500.608.400', 'I01.880.604.825.608.400', 'N03.623.500.608.428'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.252.245.393'], ['G03.015.500.374.500', 'G03.787.024.500.374.500', 'G07.203.650.372.500', 'G07.690.725.015.500.374.500', 'G10.261.353.500'], ['A03.556.124.369', 'A10.615.550.444'], ['D01.268.556.412', 'D01.268.956.287', 'D01.552.544.412'], ['D27.505.696.494', 'G07.203.300.681.500', 'J02.500.681.500'], ['G03.673', 'G07.775.750'], ['D01.210.450.150.875', 'D01.857.650']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Assessing the eligibility for liver transplantation of patients with fulminant hepatitis.
|
The spleen to liver volume (S/L) ratio of 13 patients with fulminant hepatitis was determined using X-ray computed tomography (CT), and the correlation between S/L ratio and prognosis was evaluated. The S/L ratio of 6 patients who died was greater than 0.16, whereas that of the remaining 7 patients who survived was less than 0.15. These findings suggest that determining the S/L ratio using CT may be useful for assessing the eligibility of patients with fulminant hepatitis for liver transplantation.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Child', 'Eligibility Determination', 'Female', 'Hepatitis', 'Humans', 'Liver', 'Liver Function Tests', 'Liver Transplantation', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Prognosis', 'Spleen', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed']
| 9,018,002
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.406'], ['N04.452.264'], ['C06.552.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A03.620'], ['E01.370.372.460'], ['E02.095.147.725.490', 'E04.210.650', 'E04.936.450.490', 'E04.936.580.490'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.789'], ['A10.549.700', 'A15.382.520.604.700'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Tetraploid Artemisia annua hairy roots produce more artemisinin than diploids.
|
Hairy root cultures of diploid Artemisia annua L. (clone YUT16) grow rapidly and produce the antimalarial sesquiterpene artemisinin. Little is known about how polyploidy affects the growth of transformed hairy roots and the production of secondary metabolites. Using colchicine, we produced four stable tetraploid clones of A. annua L. from the YUT16 hairy root clone. Analysis showed major differences in growth and artemisinin production compared to the diploid clone. Tetraploid clones produced up to six times more artemisinin than the diploid parent. This study provides an initial step in increasing our understanding of the role of polyploidy in secondary metabolite production, especially in hairy roots.
|
['Artemisia annua', 'Artemisinins', 'Clone Cells', 'Culture Techniques', 'Diploidy', 'Plant Roots', 'Polyploidy', 'Sesquiterpenes']
| 12,789,527
|
[['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.100.100.144'], ['D01.248.497.158.685.750.212', 'D01.339.431.374.212', 'D01.650.550.750.200', 'D02.389.338.055', 'D02.455.849.765.211'], ['A11.251.353'], ['E05.481.500'], ['G05.700.264'], ['A18.400'], ['C23.550.210.702', 'G05.365.590.175.677', 'G05.700.740'], ['D02.455.849.765']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Comparison of MDCT and MRI in the detection and sizing of acute and chronic myocardial infarcts.
|
PURPOSE: This study compared ability of multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) to detect and size the myocardial infarctions (MI) with MRI.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighty examination sets of MDCT and MRI of 63 consecutive patients in the acute stage (average 6.3 days, n=40) and/or chronic stage (average, 11.8 months; n=40) of reperfused MI were examined in this study. The first-pass and delayed MRI was performed using a 1.5 T scanner with an injection of Gd-DTPA to assess the extent of MI. Within 24h after MRI, MDCT was performed at the arterial phase around 25s with a 10-min delay using one of the following scanners: 4-slice, 16-slice, and 40-slice. The volume of the MI over the total myocardial volume was calculated from the MRI and CT images.RESULTS: MDCT revealed MI lesions in all cases except for one (1.3%) on the early phase images. The percentage volume of the lesion on the MDCT images correlated with that of the MR images. The correlation coefficient between perfusion MRI and early CT was 0.62 (p<0.0001) and the correlation coefficient between the 5-min delay MRI and late CT was 0.81 (p<0.0001). There was no significant difference in the average lesion volume (%) between perfusion MRI (10.8+/-6.7%) and early CT (12.1+/-8.5%) (p>0.05), but there was significant difference between the 5-min delay MRI (25.9+/-12.1%) and late CT (22.8+/-11.8%) (p<0.001).CONCLUSION: MDCT produces comparable results to MRI in the detection and sizing of acute and chronic MI.
|
['Contrast Media', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted', 'Iopamidol', 'Linear Models', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Myocardial Infarction', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed']
| 17,686,598
|
[['D27.505.259.500', 'D27.720.259'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.158.600', 'E01.370.350.350', 'L01.313.500.750.100.158.600'], ['D02.241.223.100.400.880.410', 'D02.455.426.559.389.127.375.880.410'], ['E05.318.740.500.500', 'E05.318.740.750.425', 'E05.599.835.750', 'N05.715.360.750.530.460', 'N05.715.360.750.695.460', 'N06.850.520.830.500.500', 'N06.850.520.830.750.425'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C14.280.647.500', 'C14.907.585.500', 'C23.550.513.355.750', 'C23.550.717.489.750'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
[Women's preventive healthcare and health policy from the gender mainstreaming perspective].
|
Feminist and gender mainstreaming perspectives can help expand consideration of women's health and preventive healthcare beyond maternal and reproductive care to encompass the multiple roles and life span experiences of women. Such a shift may encourage the adoption by nursing professionals of broader viewpoints that address contemporary women's health priorities and facilitate the delivery of more appropriate preventive healthcare. This article discusses the World Health Organization's gender mainstreaming and women's health policies, gender mainstreaming women's health policies in Taiwan, and the roles of nurses in women's preventive healthcare. Based on the Women's Health Policy White Paper proposed by Taiwan's Department of Health, when working with female clients, nurses should play multiple roles that include healthcare provider, information provider, educator, advocate, consultant and researcher. Strategies that may be employed to achieve these roles include: (1) Adjusting perceptions toward traditional reproduction; (2) Providing correct and sufficient medical information; (3) Considering possible adverse effects of medical interventions on women; (4) Considering the healthcare system as a probable stressor for women; (5) Considering women's medical environment and space; (6) Exploring the relationship between socio-culture and women's preventive healthcare and (7) Recruiting women as major subjects in healthcare research.
|
['Female', 'Health Policy', 'Health Services Research', 'Humans', 'Preventive Health Services', 'Taiwan', "Women's Health", 'World Health Organization']
| 19,953,449
|
[['I01.655.500.608.400', 'I01.880.604.825.608.400', 'N03.623.500.608.428'], ['H01.770.644.145.360', 'N03.349.380', 'N05.425'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N02.421.726'], ['Z01.252.474.872', 'Z01.639.850'], ['N01.400.900'], ['N03.540.514.718.800']]
|
['Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Folie a deux versus genetically driven delusional disorder: case reports and nosological considerations.
|
Folie a deux is thought to occur in persons who live close together, so that delusions of the primarily ill patient are adopted by the partner. Alternatively, if both patients are related, they may share the same genetically driven psychiatric illness. We present the cases of two psychotic couples (monozygotic twins and a mother and daughter pair, respectively), in which both subjects featured an almost identical psychopathological syndrome with the same delusional content and thus fulfilled the diagnostic criteria of folie a deux. When Leonhard's diagnostic system was applied, all four patients were found to suffer from affect-laden paraphrenia, arguing against the presence of folie a deux in those dyads. Thus, thorough psychopathological examination in suspected folie a deux settings can help to obtain valid diagnoses.
|
['Female', 'Humans', 'Middle Aged', 'Schizophrenia, Paranoid', 'Shared Paranoid Disorder', 'Twins, Monozygotic']
| 14,999,667
|
[['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['F03.700.750.600'], ['F03.700.750.700'], ['M01.438.873.940']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
RNA conformational classes.
|
RNA exhibits a large diversity of conformations. Three thousand nucleotides of 23S and 5S ribosomal RNA from a structure of the large ribosomal subunit were analyzed in order to classify their conformations. Fourier averaging of the six 3D distributions of torsion angles and analyses of the resulting pseudo electron maps, followed by clustering of the preferred combinations of torsion angles were performed on this dataset. Eighteen non-A-type conformations and 14 A-RNA related conformations were discovered and their torsion angles were determined; their Cartesian coordinates are available.
|
['Models, Molecular', 'Molecular Structure', 'Nucleic Acid Conformation', 'RNA, Ribosomal', 'RNA, Ribosomal, 23S', 'RNA, Ribosomal, 5S']
| 15,016,910
|
[['E05.599.595'], ['G02.111.570', 'G02.466'], ['G02.111.570.820.486', 'G05.360.580'], ['D13.444.735.686'], ['D13.444.735.686.680'], ['D13.444.735.686.650']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Mercury Export from Mainland China to Adjacent Seas and Its Influence on the Marine Mercury Balance.
|
Exports from mainland China are a significant source of mercury (Hg) in the adjacent seas (Bohai Sea, Yellow Sea, East China Sea, and South China Sea) near China. A total of 240 ± 23 Mg was contributed in 2012 (30% from natural sources and 70% from anthropogenic sources), including Hg from rivers, industrial wastewater, domestic sewage, groundwater, nonpoint sources, and coastal erosion. Among the various sources, the Hg from rivers amounts to 160 ± 21 Mg and plays a dominant role. The Hg that is exported from mainland China increased from 1984 to 2013; the contributions from rivers, industrial wastewater, domestic sewage and groundwater increased, and the contributions from nonpoint sources and coastal erosion remained stable. A box model is constructed to simulate the mass balance of Hg in these seas and quantify the sources, sinks and Hg biogeochemical cycle in the seas. In total, 160 Mg of Hg was transported to the Pacific Ocean and other oceans from these seas through oceanic currents in 2012, which could have negative impacts on the marine ecosystem. A prediction of the changes in Hg exportation through 2030 shows that the impacts of terrestrial export might worsen without effective pollution reduction measures and that the Hg load in these seas will increase, especially in the seawater of the Bohai Sea, Yellow Sea, and East China Sea and in the sea margin sediments of the Bohai Sea and East China Sea.
|
['China', 'Environmental Monitoring', 'Geologic Sediments', 'Mercury', 'Oceans and Seas', 'Rivers', 'Seawater', 'Water Pollutants, Chemical']
| 27,243,109
|
[['Z01.252.474.164'], ['N06.850.460.350.080', 'N06.850.780.375'], ['G01.311.330', 'G16.500.320'], ['D01.268.556.504', 'D01.268.956.437', 'D01.552.544.504'], ['G01.311.625', 'G16.500.275.725.500.650', 'Z01.756'], ['G01.311.750', 'G16.500.275.280.650', 'N06.230.232.650'], ['G16.500.275.725.500'], ['D27.888.284.903.655']]
|
['Geographicals [Z]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Silencing of monocarboxylate transporters via small interfering ribonucleic acid inhibits glycolysis and induces cell death in malignant glioma: an in vitro study.
|
OBJECTIVE: Dependence on glycolysis is a hallmark of malignant tumors. As a consequence, these tumors generate more lactate, which is effluxed from cells by monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs). We hypothesized that 1) MCT expression in malignant tumors may differ from normal tissue in quantity, isoform, or both; and 2) silencing MCT expression would induce intracellular acidification, resulting in decreased proliferation and/or increased cell death.METHODS: We quantified expression of MCT isoforms in human glioblastoma multiforme and glioma-derived cells lines by Western blot analysis. MCTs that were abundant or specific to glioma then were targeted in the model U-87 MG glioma cell line via small interfering ribonucleic acid-mediated gene silencing and tested for inhibition of lactate efflux, intracellular pH changes, reduced proliferation, and/or induction of cell death.RESULTS: MCT 1 and 2 were the primary isoforms expressed in human glioblastoma multiforme and glioma-derived cell lines. In contrast, MCT 3 was the predominantly expressed isoform in normal brain. Small interfering ribonucleic acid specific for MCT 1 and 2 reduced expression of these isoforms in U-87 MG cells to barely detectable levels and reduced lactate efflux by 30% individually and 85% in combination, with a concomitant decrease of intracellular pH by 0.6 units (a fourfold increase in intracellular H(+)). Prolonged silencing of both MCTs reduced viability by 75% individually and 92% in combination, as measured by both phenotypic and flow cytometric analyses.CONCLUSION: MCT targeting significantly reduced the viability of U-87 MG cells mediated by both apoptosis and necrosis. This indicates that the strategy may be a useful therapeutic avenue for treatment of patients with malignant glioma.
|
['Apoptosis', 'Astrocytoma', 'Brain', 'Brain Neoplasms', 'Cell Death', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Glioma', 'Glycolysis', 'Humans', 'Membrane Transport Proteins', 'Monocarboxylic Acid Transporters', 'Necrosis', 'Protein Isoforms', 'RNA Interference', 'RNA, Messenger', 'RNA, Small Interfering', 'Transfection']
| 15,574,223
|
[['G04.146.954.035'], ['C04.557.465.625.600.380.080', 'C04.557.470.670.380.080', 'C04.557.580.625.600.380.080'], ['A08.186.211'], ['C04.588.614.250.195', 'C10.228.140.211', 'C10.551.240.250'], ['G04.146'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['C04.557.465.625.600.380', 'C04.557.470.670.380', 'C04.557.580.625.600.380'], ['G02.111.158.750', 'G03.191.750', 'G03.295.436', 'G03.493.360'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.157.530', 'D12.776.543.585'], ['D12.776.157.530.450.074.500.400', 'D12.776.543.585.450.074.500.300'], ['C23.550.717'], ['D12.776.800'], ['G05.308.203.374.790'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['D13.150.650.700', 'D13.444.735.150.700', 'D13.444.735.790.552.875'], ['E05.393.350.810', 'G05.728.860']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Clinical and laboratory evaluation of a commercial kit for measurement of serum free thyroxin ("Amerlex Free T4").
|
Different indexes of thyroid function were determined in conjunction with values obtained with a new commercial radioimmunoassay kit for serum free thyroxin, in 49 apparently healthy subjects, 87 pregnant women, and 142 outpatients attending the thyroid clinic. The results indicate a diagnostic success rate of 88% when free thyroxin was measured instead of estimating the so-called free thyroxin index. Furthermore, in three cases of papillary carcinoma the concentration of free thyroxin was increased, although all the other laboratory tests indicated a euthyroid state. Technically, the method is simple, rapid, and precise, and it would be of most value in the small hospital laboratory lacking the facilities of a comprehensive thyroid-function test service.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Binding Sites', 'Carcinoma, Papillary', 'Evaluation Studies as Topic', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Middle Aged', 'Pregnancy', 'Radioimmunoassay', 'Reagent Kits, Diagnostic', 'Thyroid Diseases', 'Thyroxine']
| 6,848,256
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['G02.111.570.120'], ['C04.557.470.200.360', 'C04.557.470.700.360'], ['E05.337', 'N05.715.360.335'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['E01.370.384.700', 'E05.478.566.639', 'E05.601.470.639'], ['D27.505.259.875', 'D27.720.470.410.680', 'E07.720'], ['C19.874'], ['D06.472.931.812', 'D12.125.072.050.767']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Ethanol-induced component of 45Ca2+ uptake in PC12 cells is sensitive to Ca2+ channel modulating drugs.
|
We compared the properties of depolarization-dependent 45Ca2+ uptake in PC12 cells grown with and without 200 mM ethanol for 6 days. Ethanol exposure increased 45Ca2+ uptake by 54%, but the ethanol-induced component of uptake retained properties of Ca2+ flux through voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels, including sensitivity to Ca2+ channel modulating drugs. Such drugs may therefore have a role in counteracting ionic events underlying ethanol dependence and withdrawal.
|
['3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid, 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-5-nitro-4-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-, Methyl ester', 'Animals', 'Calcium', 'Calcium Channel Blockers', 'Cell Line', 'Diltiazem', 'Drug Interactions', 'Ethanol', 'Flunarizine', 'Ion Channels', 'Nifedipine', 'Verapamil']
| 2,438,011
|
[['D03.383.725.203.600', 'D03.383.725.547.900'], ['B01.050'], ['D01.268.552.100', 'D01.552.539.288', 'D23.119.100'], ['D27.505.519.562.249', 'D27.505.696.260.500', 'D27.505.954.411.192'], ['A11.251.210'], ['D03.633.100.079.150'], ['G07.690.773.968'], ['D02.033.375'], ['D03.383.606.450'], ['D12.776.157.530.400', 'D12.776.543.550.450', 'D12.776.543.585.400'], ['D03.383.725.203.540'], ['D02.092.471.683.953']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
A systematic antilipidemic structure-activity relationship study was carried out on a series of alcoyl- and benzoyl-phenoxy-carboxylic acids.
|
A systematic antilipidemic structure-activity relationship study was carried out on a series of alcoyl- and benzoyl-phenoxy-carboxylic acids. The introduction of a p-chlorobenzoyl moiety into the original phenoxy-isobutyric acid enhanced antilipidemic activity significantly. Chlorine meta substitution or chlorine disubstitution abolished activity. Among the esters synthetized, the isopropylester has been selected for further studies.
|
['Animals', 'Butyrates', 'Cholesterol', 'Hypolipidemic Agents', 'Lethal Dose 50', 'Lipids', 'Mice', 'Rats', 'Structure-Activity Relationship']
| 989,362
|
[['B01.050'], ['D02.241.081.114', 'D10.251.400.143'], ['D04.210.500.247.222.284', 'D04.210.500.247.808.197', 'D10.570.938.208'], ['D27.505.519.186.071', 'D27.505.954.557.500'], ['E05.940.402', 'G07.225.500', 'G07.690.773.875.750', 'G07.690.936.500.750'], ['D10'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['G02.111.830', 'G07.690.773.997']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Reactivity to cannabis cues in virtual reality environments.
|
Virtual reality (VR) cue environments have been developed and successfully tested in nicotine, cocaine, and alcohol abusers. Aims in the current article include the development and testing of a novel VR cannabis cue reactivity assessment system. It was hypothesized that subjective craving levels and attention to cannabis cues would be higher in VR environments with cannabis cues compared to VR neutral environments. Twenty nontreatment-seeking current cannabis smokers participated in the VR cue trial. During the VR cue trial, participants were exposed to four virtual environments that contained audio, visual, olfactory, and vibrotactile sensory stimuli. Two VR environments contained cannabis cues that consisted of a party room in which people were smoking cannabis and a room containing cannabis paraphernalia without people. Two VR neutral rooms without cannabis cues consisted of a digital art gallery with nature videos. Subjective craving and attention to cues were significantly higher in the VR cannabis environments compared to the VR neutral environments. These findings indicate that VR cannabis cue reactivity may offer a new technology-based method to advance addiction research and treatment.
|
['Adult', 'Attention', 'Behavior, Addictive', 'Cues', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Marijuana Abuse', 'User-Computer Interface']
| 19,705,672
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['F02.830.104.214'], ['F01.145.527.100.120'], ['F02.463.425.234'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C25.775.635', 'F03.900.635'], ['L01.224.900.910']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Protective effects of calcitonin gene-related peptide-mediated evodiamine on guinea-pig cardiac anaphylaxis.
|
Previous investigations have indicated that the pharmacological effects of evodiamine, a major alkaloidal component of the dried, unripe fruit of Evodia rutaecarpa Bentham (Rutaceae), are associated with stimulation of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) release and CGRP prevents cardiac anaphylactic injury. In the present study, the protective effects of evodiamine on cardiac anaphylaxis were examined. Presensitized guinea-pig hearts challenged with specific antigen (bovine serum albumin) caused a marked decrease in coronary flow, left ventricular pressure and its derivatives (+/-dp/dt(max)), an increase in heart rate, and prolongation of P-R interval. Evodiamine (0.3 microM or 1 microM) markedly increased the content of CGRP in the coronary effluent concomitantly with a significant improvement of cardiac function and alleviation of the extension of P-R interval. Evodiamine at the concentration of 1 microM also inhibited the sinus tachycardia. The protective effect of evodiamine on cardiac anaphylaxis was abolished by CGRP(8-37), the selective CGRP receptor antagonist. These results suggest that evodiamine possesses a protective effect of cardiac anaphylactic injury and that the effect of evodiamine is related to stimulation of CGRP release.
|
['Anaphylaxis', 'Animals', 'Blood Pressure', 'Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide', 'Cardiotonic Agents', 'Coronary Circulation', 'Evodia', 'Female', 'Guinea Pigs', 'Heart', 'Histamine', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Male', 'Myocardium', 'Plant Extracts', 'Quinazolines', 'Time Factors', 'Ventricular Pressure']
| 12,644,904
|
[['C20.543.480.099'], ['B01.050'], ['E01.370.600.875.249', 'G09.330.380.076'], ['D12.644.400.097', 'D12.776.631.650.097'], ['D27.505.954.411.222', 'D27.720.799.080'], ['G09.330.100.324'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.875.333'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.550'], ['A07.541'], ['D02.092.211.215.501', 'D02.092.471.440', 'D03.383.129.308.373', 'D23.469.050.300'], ['E05.481'], ['A02.633.580', 'A07.541.704', 'A10.690.552.750'], ['D20.215.784.500', 'D26.667'], ['D03.633.100.786'], ['G01.910.857'], ['G09.330.380.937', 'G09.330.955.950']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Translational up-regulation and high-level protein expression from plasmid vectors by mTOR activation via different pathways in PC3 and 293T cells.
|
BACKGROUND: Though 293T cells are widely used for expression of proteins from transfected plasmid vectors, the molecular basis for the high-level expression is yet to be understood. We recently identified the prostate carcinoma cell line PC3 to be as efficient as 293T in protein expression. This study was undertaken to decipher the molecular basis of high-level expression in these two cell lines.METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: In a survey of different cell lines for efficient expression of platelet-derived growth factor-B (PDGF-B), â-galactosidase (â-gal) and green fluorescent protein (GFP) from plasmid vectors, PC3 was found to express at 5-50-fold higher levels compared to the bone metastatic prostate carcinoma cell line PC3BM and many other cell lines. Further, the efficiency of transfection and level of expression of the reporters in PC3 were comparable to that in 293T. Comparative analyses revealed that the high level expression of the reporters in the two cell lines was due to increased translational efficiency. While phosphatidic acid (PA)-mediated activation of mTOR, as revealed by drastic reduction in reporter expression by n-butanol, primarily contributed to the high level expression in PC3, multiple pathways involving PA, PI3K/Akt and ERK1/2 appear to contribute to the abundant reporter expression in 293T. Thus the extent of translational up-regulation attained through the concerted activation of mTOR by multiple pathways in 293T could be achieved through its activation primarily by the PA pathway in PC3.CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Our studies reveal that the high-level expression of proteins from plasmid vectors is effected by translational up-regulation through mTOR activation via different signaling pathways in the two cell lines and that PC3 is as efficient as 293T for recombinant protein expression. Further, PC3 offers an advantage in that the level of expression of the protein can be regulated by simple addition of n-butanol to the culture medium.
|
['1-Butanol', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Enzyme Inhibitors', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic', 'Green Fluorescent Proteins', 'HeLa Cells', 'Humans', 'Phosphatidic Acids', 'Phosphorylation', 'Plasmids', 'Receptor, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor beta', 'Recombinant Proteins', 'TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases', 'Up-Regulation', 'beta-Galactosidase']
| 21,203,441
|
[['D02.033.415.110.175', 'D10.289.110.175'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['D27.505.519.389'], ['G05.308.370'], ['D12.776.532.265'], ['A11.251.210.190.400', 'A11.251.860.180.400', 'A11.436.340'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D10.570.755.375.760'], ['G02.111.665', 'G02.607.780', 'G03.796'], ['G05.360.600'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.400.900.750', 'D12.776.543.750.630.625.400', 'D12.776.543.750.750.400.630.400'], ['D12.776.828'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.931', 'D12.776.476.925'], ['G02.111.905', 'G05.308.850', 'G07.690.773.998'], ['D08.811.277.450.410.100']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[The new regulations for the licence to practice medicine. Implementation for the faculty of anesthesiology at the University Clinic Hamburg-Eppendorf].
|
After the amendments to the regulations for the licence to practice medicine, the rating of the faculty of anesthesiology has clearly increased. In the following article a concept will be described whereby these standards were implemented at the University of Hamburg. The basic principle, especially the training in the practical proficiencies, is to achieve a continuous learning process from students through to specialists for anesthesiology.
|
['Anesthesiology', 'Curriculum', 'Education, Medical, Continuing', 'Germany', 'Internet', 'Licensure', 'Students, Medical']
| 17,522,830
|
[['H02.403.066'], ['I02.158'], ['I02.358.212.350', 'I02.358.399.250'], ['Z01.542.315'], ['L01.224.230.110.500'], ['N03.706.110.510', 'N05.700.200.450'], ['M01.848.769.602']]
|
['Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Elevated interleukin 8 and T-helper 1 and T-helper 17 cytokine levels prior to antiretroviral therapy in participants who developed immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome during ACTG A5164.
|
BACKGROUND: Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) reflects an aberrant immune response that can develop in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART). Its pathogenesis remains unclear.METHODS: We performed a nested case-control study using specimens from ACTG A5164. We compared plasma biomarkers and T-cell subsets in 19 IRIS and 39 control participants at study entry, ART initiation, and IRIS and used conditional logistic regression to develop IRIS predictive models. We evaluated the effect of corticosteroids on biomarker levels.RESULTS: Eleven and 8 participants developed paradoxical and unmasking IRIS, respectively, none while still receiving corticosteroids. Compared to controls, cases displayed elevations at study entry in interleukin (IL) 8, T-helper (Th) 1 (IL-2, interferon [IFN]-ã, tumor necrosis factor [TNF]) and Th17 (IL-17) cytokine levels that persisted through ART initiation and IRIS. In logistic regression, baseline higher IFN-ã and TNF were strong predictors of IRIS. Participants who received corticosteroids and later developed IRIS had marked increases in IL-6, IL-8, and IFN-ã at the time of IRIS. T-cell activation markers did not differ in cases and controls prior to ART but were increased in cases at the time of IRIS.CONCLUSIONS: Increased IL-8, Th1, and Th17 cytokine levels in IRIS patients precede ART initiation and could help identify patient populations at higher risk for IRIS.
|
['Adult', 'Anti-HIV Agents', 'Biomarkers', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Cytokines', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'HIV Infections', 'Humans', 'Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome', 'Interleukin-8', 'Logistic Models', 'Middle Aged', 'Risk Factors']
| 23,002,445
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D27.505.954.122.388.077.088'], ['D23.101'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['D12.644.276.374', 'D12.776.467.374', 'D23.529.374'], ['G05.308'], ['C01.221.250.875', 'C01.221.812.640.400', 'C01.778.640.400', 'C01.925.782.815.616.400', 'C01.925.813.400', 'C20.673.480'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C20.608'], ['D12.644.276.374.200.120.800', 'D12.644.276.374.465.312', 'D12.776.467.374.200.120.800', 'D12.776.467.374.465.246', 'D23.125.300.120.800', 'D23.469.200.120.800', 'D23.529.374.200.120.800', 'D23.529.374.465.312'], ['E05.318.740.500.525', 'E05.318.740.600.800.450', 'E05.318.740.750.450', 'E05.599.835.875', 'N05.715.360.750.530.480', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.450', 'N05.715.360.750.695.470', 'N06.850.520.830.500.525', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.450', 'N06.850.520.830.750.450'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Presumptive Glucocorticoid-Induced Refractory Hypocalcemia in a Dog with Idiopathic Immune-Mediated Hypoparathyroidism, Thrombocytopenia, and Hemolytic Anemia.
|
Clinically relevant hypocalcemia is a well-documented complication of glucocorticoid administration in people with hypoparathyroidism. The current report describes the phenomenon in a dog. A 7 yr old neutered male Pomeranian was diagnosed with immune-mediated thrombocytopenia, immune-mediated hemolytic anemia, and primary hypoparathyroidism. This dog required long-term parenteral calcium gluconate to prevent clinical hypocalcemia despite appropriate doses of oral calcitriol and calcium carbonate. This is the first description of clinically significant presumptive glucocorticoid induced hypocalcemia in a dog with primary hypoparathyroidism.
|
['Anemia, Hemolytic', 'Animals', 'Calcitriol', 'Calcium Carbonate', 'Calcium Gluconate', 'Calcium-Regulating Hormones and Agents', 'Dietary Supplements', 'Dog Diseases', 'Dogs', 'Drug Administration Schedule', 'Glucocorticoids', 'Hypocalcemia', 'Hypoparathyroidism', 'Male', 'Thrombocytopenia']
| 30,427,709
|
[['C15.378.071.141'], ['B01.050'], ['D04.210.500.247.222.159.478.387.300', 'D04.210.500.247.808.146.478.387.300', 'D04.210.500.812.768.196.478.387.300', 'D10.570.938.146.478.387.300'], ['D01.146.275', 'D01.200.275.150.150', 'D01.578.200'], ['D02.241.081.844.322.200', 'D02.241.511.902.322.200', 'D09.811.308.200'], ['D27.505.696.260'], ['G07.203.300.456', 'J02.500.456'], ['C22.268'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.250.216.200'], ['E02.319.283'], ['D06.472.040.543', 'D27.505.696.399.472.488'], ['C18.452.174.509', 'C18.452.950.509'], ['C19.642.482'], ['C15.378.140.855']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Presence of alpha 5 beta 1 integrin and fibronectin in the anterior subcapsular cataract].
|
PURPOSE: We investigated whether alpha 5 beta 1 integrin and fibronectin were present in myofibroblast-like lens epithelial cells in anterior subcapsular cataract (ASC).METHODS: Nine anterior capsule specimens were obtained from the patients during cataract surgery and frozen for cryostat sections. Six specimens were anterior capsule obtained from cataract with ASC. As a control, three specimens were obtained from cataract without ASC. Alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), alpha 5 beta 1 integrin, and fibronectin were detected by immunohistochemical observation.RESULTS: In all 6 specimens from patients with ASC, the lens epithelial cells around fibrosis tissue included myofibroblast-like lens epithelial cells which were positive for alpha-SMA. alpha 5 beta 1 integrin was detected in these lens epithelial cells. Fibronectin was also detected around these myofibroblast-like lens epithelial cells. Three control specimens showed no immunoreactivity against alpha-SMA, alpha 5 beta 1 integrin, or fibronectin.CONCLUSIONS: Alpha 5 beta 1 integrin and fibronectin may play an important role in myodifferentiation of lens epithelial cells.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Cataract', 'Female', 'Fibronectins', 'Humans', 'Lens, Crystalline', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Receptors, Fibronectin']
| 11,235,205
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['C11.510.245'], ['D12.776.377.715.390', 'D12.776.395.550.350', 'D12.776.543.550.350', 'D12.776.860.300.450'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A09.371.060.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.408.530']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Implementation intentions for physical activity behavior in older adult women: an examination of executive function as a moderator of treatment effects.
|
BACKGROUND: Implementation intentions are effective for enhancing physical activity, but it is unknown how well these effects extend to older adults and/or are modified by cognitive variables.PURPOSE: Our objective is to examine (1) the efficacy of an implementation intentions intervention for physical activity in older adult women and (2) to examine the moderating effects of executive function.METHODS: Participants (N = 75, M age = 73.72) completed measures of executive function and were randomly assigned to weekly implementation intentions for physical activity (experimental condition), implementation intentions for an unrelated behavior (control condition), or no treatment. Baseline activity was measured by accelerometer and self-report; follow-up activity was measured by weekly self-report.RESULTS: Findings indicated a significant treatment effect for the experimental condition and a treatment by executive function interaction. Specifically, participants with relatively stronger executive function benefited most from the experimental intervention.CONCLUSIONS: Implementation intentions are effective for enhancing physical activity among older adult women, and the effects may be especially pronounced for those with relatively stronger executive function.
|
['Accelerometry', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Executive Function', 'Female', 'Health Behavior', 'Humans', 'Intention', 'Middle Aged', 'Motor Activity', 'Program Evaluation', 'Self Report']
| 24,500,080
|
[['E05.003'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['F02.463.217'], ['F01.145.488'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.658.650', 'F02.463.306'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['F01.145.632', 'G11.427.410.698'], ['E05.337.820', 'N04.761.685', 'N05.715.360.650'], ['E05.318.308.980.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.500']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Lipid peroxidation in skeletal muscle of obese as compared to endurance-trained humans: a case of good vs. bad lipids?
|
Intra-myocellular triglycerides (IMTG) accumulate in the muscle of obese and endurance-trained (ET) humans and are considered a pathogenic factor in the development of insulin resistance, in the former. We postulate that this paradox may be associated with the peroxidation status of the IMTG. IMTG content was the same in the obese and ET subjects. The lipid peroxidation/IMTG ratio was 4.2-fold higher in the obese subjects. Hence, obesity results in an increased level of IMTG peroxidation while ET has a protective effect on IMTG peroxidation. This suggests a link between the lipid peroxidation/IMTG ratio and insulin resistance.
|
['Adult', 'Aldehydes', 'Humans', 'Lipid Peroxidation', 'Lipids', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Muscle, Skeletal', 'Obesity', 'Physical Endurance', 'Triglycerides']
| 12,965,212
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D02.047'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G02.111.515', 'G03.295.531.587'], ['D10'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['A02.633.567', 'A10.690.552.500'], ['C18.654.726.500', 'C23.888.144.699.500', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120.699.500', 'G07.100.100.160.120.699.500'], ['G11.427.680', 'I03.450.642.845.054.600'], ['D10.351.801']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
The Stability Paradox: Why Expansion of Women's Education Has Not Delayed Early Union Formation or Childbearing in Latin America.
|
Despite substantial improvements in women's education, the age at which Latin American women marry (cohabit) or become mothers for the first time has barely decreased over the past four decades. We refer to this as the "stability paradox." We examine the relationship between years of schooling and transitions to first union or child, analyzing retrospective information from 50 cohorts of women born between 1940 and 1989 in 12 Latin American countries. Absolute and relative measures of schooling are compared. Data is drawn from 38 Demographic Health Surveys (DHS) conducted between 1986 and 2012 in these countries. Results show that expected postponement in family transitions due to educational expansion was offset by a rise in union formation and childbearing within strata of absolute education, but stayed approximately constant within strata of relative education. The relative measure of education retains the stratifying power of education but neutralizes any effect attached to a specific number of years of schooling and the learning skills associated with them. This is consistent with the idea that access to education in Latin America reproduces existing patterns of socioeconomic advantage, rather than creating a more equitable distribution of learning opportunities and outcomes.
|
['Academic Success', 'Adolescent', 'Birth Rate', 'Decision Making', 'Family Characteristics', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Latin America', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Socioeconomic Factors', 'Women']
| 29,749,632
|
[['I02.399.136.500'], ['M01.060.057'], ['E05.318.308.985.775.500', 'N01.224.935.849.500', 'N06.850.505.400.975.775.500', 'N06.850.520.308.985.775.500'], ['F02.463.785.373'], ['F01.829.263.315', 'I01.240.361', 'I01.880.853.150.423', 'N01.224.361', 'N01.824.308', 'N06.850.505.400.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.107.424'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['I01.880.853.996', 'N01.824'], ['M01.975']]
|
['Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
A Photoactivatable Far-Red/Near-Infrared BODIPY To Monitor Cellular Dynamics in Vivo.
|
A mechanism to photoactivate far-red/near-infrared fluorescence with infinite contrast and under mild visible illumination was designed around the photophysical properties of borondipyrromethene (BODIPY) dyes and the photochemical behavior of oxazine heterocycles. Specifically, the photoinduced and irreversible cleavage of an oxazine ring with a laser line at 405 nm extends the electronic conjugation of a BODIPY chromophore over a 3 H-indole auxochrome with a 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethenyl substituent in position 5. This structural transformation shifts bathochromically the main absorption band of the BODIPY component to allow the selective excitation of the photochemical product with a laser line of 633 nm and produce fluorescence between 600 and 850 nm. This combination of activation, excitation, and emission wavelengths permits the visualization of the cellular blastoderm of developing Drosophila melanogaster embryos with optimal contrast and essentially no autofluorescence from the biological specimen. Furthermore, the sequential acquisition of images, after the photoactivation event, enables the tracking of individual cells within the embryos in real time. Thus, our structural design and operating principles for the photoactivation of far-red/near-infrared fluorescence can evolve into invaluable probes to monitor cellular dynamics in vivo.
|
['Animals', 'Boron Compounds', 'Drosophila melanogaster', 'Fluorescent Dyes', 'Infrared Rays', 'Models, Molecular', 'Optical Imaging', 'Oxazines', 'Photolysis', 'Pyrroles']
| 29,863,337
|
[['B01.050'], ['D01.132', 'D02.203'], ['B01.050.500.131.617.720.500.500.750.310.250.500'], ['D27.720.233.348', 'D27.720.470.410.505.500'], ['G01.358.500.505.650.552', 'G01.590.540.552', 'G01.750.250.650.552', 'G01.750.770.578.552', 'G16.500.275.063.725.525.400', 'G16.500.750.775.525.400', 'N06.230.300.100.725.525.400'], ['E05.599.595'], ['E01.370.350.589', 'E05.642'], ['D03.383.533'], ['G02.740.685'], ['D03.383.129.578']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
The importance of the cellular stress response in the pathogenesis and treatment of type 2 diabetes.
|
Organisms have evolved to survive rigorous environments and are not prepared to thrive in a world of caloric excess and sedentary behavior. A realization that physical exercise (or lack of it) plays a pivotal role in both the pathogenesis and therapy of type 2 diabetes mellitus (t2DM) has led to the provocative concept of therapeutic exercise mimetics. A decade ago, we attempted to simulate the beneficial effects of exercise by treating t2DM patients with 3 weeks of daily hyperthermia, induced by hot tub immersion. The short-term intervention had remarkable success, with a 1 % drop in HbA1, a trend toward weight loss, and improvement in diabetic neuropathic symptoms. An explanation for the beneficial effects of exercise and hyperthermia centers upon their ability to induce the cellular stress response (the heat shock response) and restore cellular homeostasis. Impaired stress response precedes major metabolic defects associated with t2DM and may be a near seminal event in the pathogenesis of the disease, tipping the balance from health into disease. Heat shock protein inducers share metabolic pathways associated with exercise with activation of AMPK, PGC1-a, and sirtuins. Diabetic therapies that induce the stress response, whether via heat, bioactive compounds, or genetic manipulation, improve or prevent all of the morbidities and comorbidities associated with the disease. The agents reduce insulin resistance, inflammatory cytokines, visceral adiposity, and body weight while increasing mitochondrial activity, normalizing membrane structure and lipid composition, and preserving organ function. Therapies restoring the stress response can re-tip the balance from disease into health and address the multifaceted defects associated with the disease.
|
['Aging', 'Animals', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2', 'Exercise', 'Fever', 'Heat-Shock Proteins', 'Humans', 'Metabolic Networks and Pathways', 'Stress, Physiological']
| 24,523,032
|
[['G07.345.124'], ['B01.050'], ['C18.452.394.750.149', 'C19.246.300'], ['G11.427.410.698.277', 'I03.350'], ['C23.888.119.344'], ['D12.776.580.216'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G03.493'], ['G07.775']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Soliton solutions of an integrable nonlinear Schr?dinger equation with quintic terms.
|
We present the fifth-order equation of the nonlinear Schr?dinger hierarchy. This integrable partial differential equation contains fifth-order dispersion and nonlinear terms related to it. We present the Lax pair and use Darboux transformations to derive exact expressions for the most representative soliton solutions. This set includes two-soliton collisions and the degenerate case of the two-soliton solution, as well as beating structures composed of two or three solitons. Ultimately, the new quintic operator and the terms it adds to the standard nonlinear Schr?dinger equation (NLSE) are found to primarily affect the velocity of solutions, with complicated flow-on effects. Furthermore, we present a new structure, composed of coincident equal-amplitude solitons, which cannot exist for the standard NLSE.
|
['Motion', 'Nonlinear Dynamics', 'Quantum Theory']
| 25,314,519
|
[['G01.482'], ['E05.599.850', 'H01.548.675'], ['H01.671.579.800']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Scaling laws describe memories of host-pathogen riposte in the HIV population.
|
The enormous genetic diversity and mutability of HIV has prevented effective control of this virus by natural immune responses or vaccination. Evolution of the circulating HIV population has thus occurred in response to diverse, ultimately ineffective, immune selection pressures that randomly change from host to host. We show that the interplay between the diversity of human immune responses and the ways that HIV mutates to evade them results in distinct sets of sequences defined by similar collectively coupled mutations. Scaling laws that relate these sets of sequences resemble those observed in linguistics and other branches of inquiry, and dynamics reminiscent of neural networks are observed. Like neural networks that store memories of past stimulation, the circulating HIV population stores memories of host-pathogen combat won by the virus. We describe an exactly solvable model that captures the main qualitative features of the sets of sequences and a simple mechanistic model for the origin of the observed scaling laws. Our results define collective mutational pathways used by HIV to evade human immune responses, which could guide vaccine design.
|
['HIV', 'HIV Infections', 'Host-Pathogen Interactions', 'Humans']
| 25,646,424
|
[['B04.820.650.589.650.350'], ['C01.221.250.875', 'C01.221.812.640.400', 'C01.778.640.400', 'C01.925.782.815.616.400', 'C01.925.813.400', 'C20.673.480'], ['G06.462', 'G16.527.200'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Paradoxical response to parathyroid hormone of renal handling of phosphate in hyperparathyroid rats.
|
The effect of PTH given as a bolus on renal handling of phosphate in rats was studied by a perfusion balance study method. In vitamin D-fed rats, iv PTH as a bolus (10 USP units) elicited a phosphaturic response and an increase in urinary cAMP, whether or not the rats were thyroparathyroidectomized. When given to thyroparathyroidectomized rats receiving continuous infusion of PTH (2.5 USP units/h) for 16 h, PTH led to a paradoxical decline of phosphate clearance in spite of an increase in urinary cAMP. Vitamin D-deficient intact rats also showed this paradoxical response. Vitamin D-deficient thyroparathyroidectomized rats showed an ordinary phosphaturic response. When PTH had been supplied continuously (2.5 USP units/h) to these rats, the PTH bolus again produced the paradoxical response. Phosphate supplementation did not restore the phosphaturic response. (Bu)2cAMP infusion reproduced the paradoxical effect in vitamin D-fed, thyroparathyroidectomized rats receiving continuous infusion of PTH. These data indicate that a long-lasting excess of circulating PTH alters the nature of the response of the kidney to an iv bolus of PTH, so that PTH leads to a paradoxical decline of phosphate clearance, and that the mechanism responsible for the paradox may lie in a step (or steps) subsequent to cAMP production.
|
['Animals', 'Bucladesine', 'Calcium', 'Cyclic AMP', 'Hyperparathyroidism', 'Kidney', 'Male', 'Parathyroid Glands', 'Parathyroid Hormone', 'Phosphates', 'Phosphorus', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Strains', 'Thyroidectomy', 'Vitamin D Deficiency']
| 6,290,192
|
[['B01.050'], ['D03.633.100.759.646.138.395.250', 'D13.695.462.200.250', 'D13.695.667.138.395.250', 'D13.695.827.068.395.250'], ['D01.268.552.100', 'D01.552.539.288', 'D23.119.100'], ['D03.633.100.759.646.138.395', 'D13.695.462.200', 'D13.695.667.138.395', 'D13.695.827.068.395'], ['C19.642.355'], ['A05.810.453'], ['A06.300.560'], ['D06.472.699.590', 'D12.644.548.587'], ['D01.029.260.700.675.374', 'D01.248.497.158.730', 'D01.695.625.675.650'], ['D01.268.666'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400'], ['E04.270.856'], ['C18.654.521.500.133.770']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Cortical Neuron Migration and Dendrite Morphology are Regulated by Carboxypeptidase E.
|
Higher brain function relies on proper development of the cerebral cortex, including correct positioning of neurons and dendrite morphology. Disruptions in these processes may result in various neurocognitive disorders. Mutations in the CPE gene, which encodes carboxypeptidase E (CPE), have been linked to depression and intellectual disability. However, it remains unclear whether CPE is involved in early brain development and in turn contributes to the pathophysiology of neurocognitive disorders. Here, we investigate the effects of CPE knockdown on early brain development and explore the functional significance of the interaction between CPE and its binding partner p150Glued. We demonstrate that CPE is required for cortical neuron migration and dendrite arborization. Furthermore, we show that expression of CPE-C10 redistributes p150Glued from the centrosome and that disruption of CPE interaction with p150Glued leads to abnormal neuronal migration and dendrite morphology, suggesting that a complex between CPE and p150Glued is necessary for proper neurodevelopment.
|
['Animals', 'COS Cells', 'Carboxypeptidase H', 'Cell Movement', 'Cerebral Cortex', 'Chlorocebus aethiops', 'Dendrites', 'Mice', 'Neurogenesis', 'Neurons', 'Rats']
| 29,982,499
|
[['B01.050'], ['A11.251.210.172.500', 'A11.329.228.220'], ['D08.811.277.656.350.245.167', 'D08.811.277.656.350.555.250', 'D08.811.277.656.675.555.250', 'D08.811.277.656.837.124'], ['G04.198', 'G07.568.500.180'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.199.120.126.110'], ['A08.675.256', 'A11.284.180.225', 'A11.671.240'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['G04.152.912', 'G07.345.500.325.377.687', 'G08.686.784.170.450.500', 'G11.561.620'], ['A08.675', 'A11.671'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Volatile metabolites of some barley storage molds.
|
Volatile metabolites from Penicillium species grown on barley were concentrated by adsorption on Tenax and analyzed by gas chromatography and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Of the compounds identified from Penicillium aurantiogriseum, P. verrucosum and P. viridicatum, 3-methyl-1-butanol (MB), styrene (S) and 1-octen-3-ol (OO) were prominent while smaller amounts of 2-pentylfuran (PF), 3-methylanisole (MA), 2-(2-furyl)pentanal (FP) and 2-ethyl-5-methylphenol (EMP) were detected. P. coprophilum produced MB, S, PF, MA, FP, EMP and 2-methylacetophenone. Possible biosynthetic pathways are discussed.
|
['Alcohols', 'Aldehydes', 'Chromatography, Gas', 'Edible Grain', 'Food Microbiology', 'Food Preservation', 'Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry', 'Hordeum', 'Ketones', 'Penicillium', 'Styrene', 'Styrenes', 'Volatilization']
| 2,641,484
|
[['D02.033'], ['D02.047'], ['E05.196.181.349'], ['A18.024.500.750.500', 'B01.650.160.250', 'B01.650.510.250', 'G07.203.300.300.550', 'G07.203.300.775.500', 'J02.500.300.550', 'J02.500.775.500'], ['H01.158.273.540.274.332', 'J01.576.423.850.730.500.249.300', 'N06.850.425.200', 'N06.850.460.400.300', 'N06.850.601.500.249.300'], ['J01.576.423.850.700'], ['E05.196.181.349.500', 'E05.196.566.500'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.822.481'], ['D02.522'], ['B01.300.381.662'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.150.750.800'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.150.750'], ['G01.645.750', 'G02.734.933']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Potential roles of gut microbiome and metabolites in modulating ALS in mice.
|
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder, in which the clinical manifestations may be influenced by genetic and unknown environmental factors. Here we show that ALS-prone Sod1 transgenic (Sod1-Tg) mice have a pre-symptomatic, vivarium-dependent dysbiosis and altered metabolite configuration, coupled with an exacerbated disease under germ-free conditions or after treatment with broad-spectrum antibiotics. We correlate eleven distinct commensal bacteria at our vivarium with the severity of ALS in mice, and by their individual supplementation into antibiotic-treated Sod1-Tg mice we demonstrate that Akkermansia muciniphila (AM) ameliorates whereas Ruminococcus torques and Parabacteroides distasonis exacerbate the symptoms of ALS. Furthermore, Sod1-Tg mice that are administered AM are found to accumulate AM-associated nicotinamide in the central nervous system, and systemic supplementation of nicotinamide improves motor symptoms and gene expression patterns in the spinal cord of Sod1-Tg mice. In humans, we identify distinct microbiome and metabolite configurations-including reduced levels of nicotinamide systemically and in the cerebrospinal fluid-in a small preliminary study that compares patients with ALS with household controls. We suggest that environmentally driven microbiome-brain interactions may modulate ALS in mice, and we call for similar investigations in the human form of the disease.
|
['Akkermansia', 'Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis', 'Animals', 'Anti-Bacterial Agents', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Dysbiosis', 'Female', 'Gastrointestinal Microbiome', 'Germ-Free Life', 'Humans', 'Longevity', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Transgenic', 'Niacinamide', 'Superoxide Dismutase-1', 'Survival Rate', 'Symbiosis', 'Verrucomicrobia']
| 31,330,533
|
[['B03.440.930.500'], ['C10.228.854.139', 'C10.574.562.250', 'C10.574.950.050', 'C10.668.467.250', 'C18.452.845.800.050'], ['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.122.085'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['C23.550.308'], ['G06.591.375', 'G16.500.275.157.049.100.500.375', 'N06.230.124.049.100.500.250'], ['G06.320'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G07.345.124.519', 'G07.540'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.136.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800'], ['D03.066.515.530', 'D03.383.725.547.530'], ['D08.811.682.881.500'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.900', 'N01.224.935.698.826', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.900', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.900'], ['G06.550.800', 'G16.840'], ['B03.440.930']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Body Condition Indices Predict Reproductive Success but Not Survival in a Sedentary, Tropical Bird.
|
Body condition may predict individual fitness because those in better condition have more resources to allocate towards improving their fitness. However, the hypothesis that condition indices are meaningful proxies for fitness has been questioned. Here, we ask if intraspecific variation in condition indices predicts annual reproductive success and survival. We monitored a population of Neochmia phaeton (crimson finch), a sedentary, tropical passerine, for reproductive success and survival over four breeding seasons, and sampled them for commonly used condition indices: mass adjusted for body size, muscle and fat scores, packed cell volume, hemoglobin concentration, total plasma protein, and heterophil to lymphocyte ratio. Our study population is well suited for this research because individuals forage in common areas and do not hold territories such that variation in condition between individuals is not confounded by differences in habitat quality. Furthermore, we controlled for factors that are known to impact condition indices in our study population (e.g., breeding stage) such that we assessed individual condition relative to others in the same context. Condition indices that reflect energy reserves predicted both the probability of an individual fledging young and the number of young produced that survived to independence, but only during some years. Those that were relatively heavy for their body size produced about three times more independent young compared to light individuals. That energy reserves are a meaningful predictor of reproductive success in a sedentary passerine supports the idea that energy reserves are at least sometimes predictors of fitness. However, hematological indices failed to predict reproductive success and none of the indices predicted survival. Therefore, some but not all condition indices may be informative, but because we found that most indices did not predict any component of fitness, we question the ubiquitous interpretation of condition indices as surrogates for individual quality and fitness.
|
['Animals', 'Blood Proteins', 'Body Size', 'Fats', 'Finches', 'Genetic Fitness', 'Hemoglobins', 'Muscle Proteins', 'Reproduction', 'Seasons', 'Sexual Behavior, Animal']
| 26,305,457
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.776.124'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.160', 'E05.041.124.160', 'G07.100.100.160', 'G07.345.249.314'], ['D10.212'], ['B01.050.150.900.248.620.750.250'], ['G05.347'], ['D12.776.124.400', 'D12.776.422.316.762'], ['D12.776.210.500'], ['G08.686.784'], ['G01.910.645.661', 'G16.500.275.071.590', 'N06.230.300.100.250.525'], ['F01.145.113.252.748']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Diabetic myonecrosis in a cystic fibrosis patient.
|
Cystic fibrosis (CF) related diabetes is an increasingly common comorbidity in CF patients, with scarce data on end-stage complications in the CF population. We report the case of a 32-year-old with poorly controlled diabetes presenting with sub-acute leg pain and focal quadriceps tenderness. Neuromuscular testing and extensive workup revealed diabetic myonecrosis. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of diabetic myonecrosis in a patient with CF, and highlights the need for pulmonary physicians to recognize this diabetic complication in CF patients, which is associated with a poor long-term prognosis and existing microvascular complications.
|
['Adult', 'Cystic Fibrosis', 'Diabetes Complications', 'Diagnosis, Differential', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Muscle, Skeletal', 'Muscular Diseases', 'Necrosis', 'Thigh']
| 23,362,169
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['C06.689.202', 'C08.381.187', 'C16.320.190', 'C16.614.213'], ['C19.246.099'], ['E01.171'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['A02.633.567', 'A10.690.552.500'], ['C05.651', 'C10.668.491'], ['C23.550.717'], ['A01.378.610.750']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Conjugated linoleic acid causes a marked increase in liver alpha-tocopherol and liver alpha-tocopherol transfer protein in C57BL/6 J mice.
|
Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is a collective term for the positional and geometric isomers of a conjugated diene of linoleic acid (C18:2, n-6). The aims of the present study were to evaluate whether levels of hepatic alpha-tocopherol, alpha-tocopherol transfer protein (alpha-TTP), and antioxidant enzymes in mice were affected by a CLA-supplemented diet. C57BL/6 J mice were divided into the CLA and control groups, which were fed, respectively, a 5 % fat diet with or without 1 g/100 g of CLA (1:1 mixture of cis-9, trans-11 and trans-10, cis-12) for four weeks. alpha-Tocopherol levels in plasma and liver were significantly higher in the CLA group than in the control group. Liver alpha-TTP levels were also significantly increased in the CLA group, the alpha-TTP/beta-actin ratio being 2.5-fold higher than that in control mice (p<0.01). Thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances were significantly decreased in the CLA group (p<0.01). There were no significant differences between the two groups in levels of three antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase). The accumulation of liver alpha-tocopherol seen with the CLA diet can be attributed to the antioxidant potential of CLA and the ability of alpha-TTP induction. The lack of changes in antioxidant enzyme protein levels and the reduced lipid peroxidation in the liver of CLA mice are due to alpha-tocopherol accumulation.
|
['Animals', 'Carrier Proteins', 'Catalase', 'Diet', 'Dietary Supplements', 'Glutathione Peroxidase', 'Linoleic Acids, Conjugated', 'Lipid Peroxidation', 'Liver', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Organ Size', 'Superoxide Dismutase', 'Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances', 'Triglycerides', 'Up-Regulation', 'Weight Gain', 'alpha-Tocopherol', 'gamma-Tocopherol']
| 20,533,246
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.776.157'], ['D08.811.682.732.332'], ['G07.203.650.240'], ['G07.203.300.456', 'J02.500.456'], ['D08.811.682.732.500'], ['D10.251.355.343.500.750'], ['G02.111.515', 'G03.295.531.587'], ['A03.620'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.660', 'E05.041.124.715', 'G07.100.100.660', 'G07.345.249.690'], ['D08.811.682.881'], ['D02.047.700.700', 'D27.720.470.410.750'], ['D10.351.801'], ['G02.111.905', 'G05.308.850', 'G07.690.773.998'], ['C23.888.144.243.926', 'G07.345.249.314.120.200.926'], ['D03.383.663.283.909.750.249', 'D03.633.100.150.909.750.249'], ['D03.383.663.283.909.750.500', 'D03.633.100.150.909.750.500']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Eriophyoid mites from Northeast China (Acari: Eriophyoidea).
|
We describe and illustrate herein one new genus and eighteen new eriophyoid mite species (Acari: Eriophyoidea) collected in northeast China. They are: Shevtchenkella huzhongiensis sp. nov. on Ulmus davidiana Planch. var. japonica (Sarg. ex Rehder) Nakai (Ulmaceae), Shevtchenkella jingboicus sp. nov. on Acer sp. (Aceraceae), Calepitrimerus flexuosus sp. nov. on Spiraea flexuosa Fisch. ex Cambess. (Rosaceae), Calepitrimerus maximowiczii sp. nov. on Crataegus maximowiczii Schneid. (Rosaceae), Calepitrimerus pilosus sp. nov. on Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb. (Rosaceae), Calepitrimerus yichunensis sp. nov. on Sorbaria sorbifolia (L.) A.Br. (Rosaceae), Cupacarus oxyphyllus sp. nov. on Euonymus oxyphyllus Miq. (Cel-astraceae), Epitrimerus sambucus sp. nov. on Sambucus williamsii Hance (Caprifoliaceae), Epitrimerus wuyingensis sp. nov. on Acer sp. (Aceraceae), Longisolenidionus amurensis gen. nov & sp. nov. on Tilia amurensis Rupr. (Tiliaceae), Phyllocoptes jiagedaqiensis sp. nov. on Cunninghamia sp. (Taxodiaceae), Aculops huzhongensis sp. nov. on Salix sp. (Sali-caceae), Aculus huzhongsalixus sp. nov. on Salix sp. (Salicaceae), Tetra angelica sp. nov. on Angelica sp. (Apiaceae), Tetra jiagedaqia sp. nov. on Lespedeza sp. (Fabaceae), Vittacus mandshurica sp. nov. on Corylus sieboldiana Blume var. mandshurica (Maxim.) C. K. Schneid. (Betulaceae), Vittacus cannabus sp. nov. on Cannabis sativa L. (Moraceae), and Peralox dentatis sp. nov. on Ulmus sp. (Ulmaceae). Two species formerly assigned to Rhyncaphytoptus, R. abiesis (Xue, Song & Hong, 2006) and R. fabris (Xue, Song & Hong, 2006) were reassigned to Nalepella, based on the presence of seta vi on the apical shield, and other characteristics of Nalepella. One species formerly assigned to Rhyncaphytoptus, R. fargesis (Xue, Song & Hong, 2006) was reassigned to Pentaporca, based on the presence of seta vi on the apical shield, opisthosoma with five ridges and other characteristics of Pentaporca. At the same time, four new eriophyoid mite records from China are provided, Acaphyllisa distasa (Keifer, 1961) rec. nov. on Betula costata Trautv. (Betulaceae), Shevtchenkella ulmi (Farkas, 1960) rec. nov. on Ulmus sp. (Ulmaceae), Calepitrimerus cariniferus Keifer, 1938, rec. nov. on Artemisia argyi H. Lev. & Vaniot (Asteraceae), Aculodes dubius (Nalepa, 1891) species complex, rec. nov. on Roegneria sp. (Poaceae). With this publication, the number of eriophyoid mite species in the region reaches 101. A list of these eriophyoid mites is provided.
|
['Animal Distribution', 'Animal Structures', 'Animals', 'Body Size', 'China', 'Female', 'Host Specificity', 'Male', 'Mites', 'Organ Size', 'Plants']
| 26,146,687
|
[['F01.145.113.069', 'G16.049'], ['A13'], ['B01.050'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.160', 'E05.041.124.160', 'G07.100.100.160', 'G07.345.249.314'], ['Z01.252.474.164'], ['G06.462.380', 'G16.527.200.380'], ['B01.050.500.131.166.132.419'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.660', 'E05.041.124.715', 'G07.100.100.660', 'G07.345.249.690'], ['B01.650']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
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Validation of a scenario-based assessment of critical thinking using an externally validated tool.
|
With medical education transitioning from knowledge-based curricula to competency-based curricula, critical thinking skills have emerged as a major competency. While there are validated external instruments for assessing critical thinking, many educators have created their own custom assessments of critical thinking. However, the face validity of these assessments has not been challenged. The purpose of this study was to compare results from a custom assessment of critical thinking with the results from a validated external instrument of critical thinking. Students from the College of Veterinary Medicine at Western University of Health Sciences were administered a custom assessment of critical thinking (ACT) examination and the externally validated instrument, California Critical Thinking Skills Test (CCTST), in the spring of 2011. Total scores and sub-scores from each exam were analyzed for significant correlations using Pearson correlation coefficients. Significant correlations between ACT Blooms 2 and deductive reasoning and total ACT score and deductive reasoning were demonstrated with correlation coefficients of 0.24 and 0.22, respectively. No other statistically significant correlations were found. The lack of significant correlation between the two examinations illustrates the need in medical education to externally validate internal custom assessments. Ultimately, the development and validation of custom assessments of non-knowledge-based competencies will produce higher quality medical professionals.
|
['California', 'Curriculum', 'Education, Veterinary', 'Educational Measurement', 'Humans', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Students, Health Occupations', 'Thinking']
| 22,951,463
|
[['Z01.107.567.875.580.200', 'Z01.107.567.875.760.200'], ['I02.158'], ['I02.358.588'], ['I02.399'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['M01.848.769'], ['F02.463.785']]
|
['Geographicals [Z]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
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Enamel defects in primary and permanent teeth of children born prematurely.
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The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of enamel defects in both primary and permanent dentitions of the same preterm children, and to elucidate the role of early dietary mineral and vitamin D intake in the etiology of the enamel defects. The status of the primary and permanent teeth was evaluated in 32 preterm children and in 64 control children. The prevalence of enamel defects in children born preterm was clearly higher as compared with controls in both the primary (78% vs 20%, P<0.001) and permanent (83% vs 36%, P<0.001) dentitions. Neither the mineral supplementation used nor a vitamin D dose of 1000 IU/day, as compared with a lower dose of 500 IU/day, reduced the prevalence of enamel defects in the primary or permanent dentitions. Further studies are needed to clarify whether achieving near optimum intra-uterine mineral retention would lower the prevalence of subsequent enamel defects in infants born prematurely.
|
['Adolescent', 'Analysis of Variance', 'Calcium', 'Chi-Square Distribution', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Cohort Studies', 'Dental Enamel', 'Dental Enamel Hypoplasia', 'Dietary Supplements', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Gestational Age', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Infant, Low Birth Weight', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Infant, Premature', 'Phosphorus', 'Prevalence', 'Statistics, Nonparametric', 'Tooth, Deciduous', 'Vitamin D']
| 10,972,349
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['E05.318.740.150', 'N05.715.360.750.125', 'N06.850.520.830.150'], ['D01.268.552.100', 'D01.552.539.288', 'D23.119.100'], ['E05.318.740.994.300', 'G17.820.300', 'N05.715.360.750.750.200', 'N06.850.520.830.994.300'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['A14.549.167.900.255'], ['C07.650.800.255', 'C07.793.700.255', 'C16.131.850.800.255'], ['G07.203.300.456', 'J02.500.456'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['G07.345.500.325.235.968', 'G08.686.320'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['M01.060.703.520.460'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['M01.060.703.520.520'], ['D01.268.666'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['E05.318.740.995', 'N05.715.360.750.760', 'N06.850.520.830.995'], ['A14.549.167.860.700'], ['D04.210.500.812.768']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
SNP Discovery from Single and Multiplex Genome Assemblies of Non-model Organisms.
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Population genetic studies of non-model organisms often rely on initial ascertainment of genetic markers from a single individual or a small pool of individuals. This initial screening has been a significant barrier to beginning population studies on non-model organisms (Aitken et al., Mol Ecol 13:1423-1431, 2004; Morin et al., Trends Ecol Evol 19:208-216, 2004). As genomic data become increasingly available for non-model species, SNP ascertainment from across the genome can be performed directly from published genome contigs and short-read archive data. Alternatively, low to medium genome coverage from shotgun NGS library sequencing of single or pooled samples, or from reduced-representation libraries (e.g., capture enrichment; see Ref. "Hancock-Hanser et al., Mol Ecol Resour 13:254-268, 2013") can produce sufficient new data for SNP discovery with limited investment. We describe protocols for assembly of short read data to reference or related species genome contig sequences, followed by SNP discovery and filtering to obtain an optimal set of SNPs for population genotyping using a variety of downstream high-throughput genotyping methods.
|
['Animals', 'Contig Mapping', 'DNA, Bacterial', 'Genetic Markers', 'Genome', 'Genomic Library', 'High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing', 'Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide', 'Sequence Alignment', 'Single-Cell Analysis', 'Software', 'Statistics as Topic']
| 29,224,072
|
[['B01.050'], ['E05.393.183.620.160', 'E05.393.260'], ['D13.444.308.212'], ['D23.101.387', 'G05.695.450'], ['G05.360.340'], ['G05.360.325.425', 'G05.360.340.425'], ['E05.393.760.319'], ['E05.393.620.500.487'], ['G05.365.795.598'], ['E05.393.751'], ['E05.242.900'], ['L01.224.900'], ['E05.318.740', 'H01.548.832', 'N05.715.360.750', 'N06.850.520.830']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Immunoliposomal drug-delivery system targeting lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 for carotid plaque lesions in rats.
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OBJECT: Targeted drug delivery with immunoliposomes has been applied to various in vivo animal models and is newly focused as a novel therapeutic target. Lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 (LOX1) is a potent regulator of systemic atherosclerosis, and the authors focused on its effect on carotid plaques. The authors developed a LOX1-targeted liposomal rho-kinase inhibitor and examined the therapeutic effect on carotid intimal hypertrophy in rats.METHODS: LOX1-targeted rho-kinase inhibitor fasudil-containing liposomes, composed of hydrogenated soy phosphatidylcholine/cholesterol/PEG(2000)-DSPE, were prepared by conjugating anti-LOX1 antibodies on the surface and by remote loading of fasudil. Carotid intimal hypertrophy was induced by balloon injury, and the drugs were intravenously administered on Day 3 postinjury. The rats were divided into 4 groups: nontreatment, treatment with intravenous fasudil (2 mg), treatment with liposomal fasudil (2 mg), and treatment with LOX1-targeted liposomal fasudil (2 mg). The authors compared intimal hypertrophy, atherosclerotic factor, and matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression among groups.RESULTS: DiI-labeled LOX1-targeted liposomes were prominently observed in the lesions on Day 7 after the surgery. The intimal thickness was significantly reduced in the LOX1-targeted liposomal fasudil-treated group (mean 81.6 ± 13.9 ìm) compared with the other groups (no treatment 105.4 ± 16.8 ìm; fasudil treatment 102.4 ± 20.0 ìm; and liposomal fasudil treatment 102.8 ± 22.2 ìm; p = 0.046). Matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression was also significantly reduced in the LOX1-targeted liposomal fasudil group.CONCLUSIONS: Liposomes conjugated with anti-LOX1 antibody effectively reached carotid artery lesions, and liposomal rho-kinase significantly inhibited intimal hypertrophy. The new liposomal drug delivery system targeting LOX1 may become a therapeutic strategy for atherosclerotic diseases.
|
['1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine', 'Animals', 'Carotid Artery Diseases', 'Carotid Artery, Common', 'Drug Delivery Systems', 'Liposomes', 'Male', 'Plaque, Atherosclerotic', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Scavenger Receptors, Class E']
| 21,682,565
|
[['D02.886.590.700.545', 'D03.383.606.527', 'D03.633.100.531.400'], ['B01.050'], ['C10.228.140.300.200', 'C14.907.253.123'], ['A07.015.114.186.200'], ['E02.319.300'], ['D25.479.517', 'D26.255.260.517', 'J01.637.051.479.517', 'J01.637.087.500.517'], ['C23.300.823'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['D12.776.503.280.718', 'D12.776.543.750.705.940.734', 'D12.776.543.750.710.450.625.500', 'D12.776.543.750.710.450.750.734']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
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Health-related quality of life of women with disabilities in relation to their employment status.
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AIM: To compare the health-related quality of life of unemployed and employed women with disabilities and establish factors affecting their life satisfaction.METHODS: The study included 318 women with disabilities, 160 of whom were employed and 158 unemployed, paired according to age and region of residence. The health-related quality of life was assessed by The World Health Organization Quality of Life questionnaire, and social demographics and factors affecting life satisfaction were collected by a general questionnaire. The factors affecting life satisfaction were defined according to respondents' statements.RESULTS: Unemployed women with disabilities had a lower mean score (±standard deviation) on all health-related QoL domains: psychological health (14.52±2.80 vs 15.94±2.55), social relationships (15.12±3.08 vs 16.06±2.69), environment (12.80±2.78 vs 13.87±2.49), as well as on a separate item of self-assessed health (3.33±1.16 vs 3.56±0.92) than their employed counterparts (P<0.01). This disparity was not found only in the domain of physical health. The largest positive impact on life satisfaction in both groups was family.CONCLUSION: As disabled women are a particularly vulnerable population group, stressing the importance of employment and family as factors affecting their quality of life may help equalizing opportunities and upgrading the quality of life of all - particularly unemployed women with disabilities.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Disabled Persons', 'Employment', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Middle Aged', 'Quality of Life', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Women', 'Young Adult']
| 21,853,550
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.150'], ['N01.824.245'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['I01.800', 'K01.752.400.750', 'N06.850.505.400.425.837'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['M01.975'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
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Cell phenotype instability in preneoplastic foci of rat liver.
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Carcinogenesis is a multi-step process in which genetic--phenotypic instability and sequential selection of preneoplastic cells for increased growth capacity and other neoplastic characteristics are essential phenomena. During chemical carcinogenesis in rat liver, the development of enzyme-deficient foci, their clonal origin and their relationship to tumour formation are known. We report the results of four carcinogenesis protocols consisting of one or two cycles of diethylnitrosamine and phenobarbital. Histochemistry of three enzymes on serial sections has revealed seven different kinds of homogeneous liver foci, resulting from simple and combined enzyme deficiencies, and also heterogeneous foci showing smaller foci inside. We consider such secondary foci as subclones originating from cells already modified that have developed an additional phenotypic change. Some of such foci develop after the first cycle if the promotion phase is as long as 57 weeks. Comparing the number of foci per surface area of liver section with the number of secondary foci per surface area of focus section, it seems clear that cells already modified are less stable than other hepatocytes, showing a higher tendency to develop secondary changes.
|
["5'-Nucleotidase", 'Adenosine Triphosphatases', 'Animals', 'Diethylnitrosamine', 'Glucose-6-Phosphatase', 'Liver', 'Liver Neoplasms, Experimental', 'Male', 'Nucleotidases', 'Phenobarbital', 'Phenotype', 'Precancerous Conditions', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Strains']
| 2,833,365
|
[['D08.811.277.352.650.600.600'], ['D08.811.277.040.025'], ['B01.050'], ['D02.654.442.200'], ['D08.811.277.352.650.225'], ['A03.620'], ['C04.588.274.623.460', 'C04.619.540', 'C06.301.623.460', 'C06.552.697.580', 'E05.598.500.496.750'], ['D08.811.277.352.650.600'], ['D03.383.742.698.253.650'], ['G05.695'], ['C04.834'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Incorporating radiology into medical gross anatomy: does the use of cadaver CT scans improve students' academic performance in anatomy?
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Radiological images show anatomical structures in multiple planes and may be effective for teaching anatomical spatial relationships, something that students often find difficult to master. This study tests the hypotheses that (1) the use of cadaveric computed tomography (CT) scans in the anatomy laboratory is positively associated with performance in the gross anatomy course and (2) dissection of the CT-scanned cadaver is positively associated with performance on this course. One hundred and seventy-nine first-year medical students enrolled in gross anatomy at Boston University School of Medicine were provided with CT scans of four cadavers, and students were given the opportunity to choose whether or not to use these images. The hypotheses were tested using logistic regression analysis adjusting for student demographic characteristics. Students who used the CT scans were more likely to score greater than 90% as an average practical examination score (odds ratio OR 3.6; 95% CI 1.4, 9.2), final course grade (OR 2.6; 95% CI 1.01, 6.8), and on spatial anatomy examination questions (OR 2.4; 95% CI 1.03, 5.6) than were students who did not use the CT scans. There were no differences in performance between students who dissected the scanned cadavers and those who dissected a different cadaver. These results demonstrate that the use of CT scans in medical gross anatomy is predictive of performance in the course and on questions requiring knowledge of anatomical spatial relationships, but it is not necessary to scan the actual cadaver dissected by each student.
|
['Anatomy', 'Cadaver', 'Comprehension', 'Computer-Assisted Instruction', 'Curriculum', 'Dissection', 'Education, Medical, Undergraduate', 'Educational Measurement', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Linear Models', 'Logistic Models', 'Male', 'Odds Ratio', 'Students, Medical', 'Teaching', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed', 'Whole Body Imaging']
| 20,213,692
|
[['H01.158.100'], ['C23.550.260.224'], ['F02.463.188.357'], ['I02.903.771.500.208'], ['I02.158'], ['E01.370.225.998.221', 'E04.221', 'E05.200.998.221'], ['I02.358.399.450'], ['I02.399'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.740.500.500', 'E05.318.740.750.425', 'E05.599.835.750', 'N05.715.360.750.530.460', 'N05.715.360.750.695.460', 'N06.850.520.830.500.500', 'N06.850.520.830.750.425'], ['E05.318.740.500.525', 'E05.318.740.600.800.450', 'E05.318.740.750.450', 'E05.599.835.875', 'N05.715.360.750.530.480', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.450', 'N05.715.360.750.695.470', 'N06.850.520.830.500.525', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.450', 'N06.850.520.830.750.450'], ['E05.318.740.600.600', 'G17.680.500', 'N05.715.360.750.625.590', 'N06.850.520.830.600.600'], ['M01.848.769.602'], ['I02.903'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810'], ['E01.370.350.925', 'E05.979']]
|
['Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
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Self-Reported Hip Problems in Professional Ballet Dancers: The Impact on Quality of Life.
|
Hip problems are common in ballet dancers, and it is likely that dancers' perceived quality of life is impaired by their presence. There are no instruments to detect functional impairments related to hip injuries in young, athletic populations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of hip related problems on the quality of life in professional ballet dancers. Thirty-seven professional ballet dancers, ages 18 to 33, completed a post-hire health screening prior to the start of their company's season. Participants completed the Hip Disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (HOOS) questionnaire, which assesses level of disability due to a hip problem, and answered additional questions regarding the presence of pain with ballet-specific movements. Subjects were also asked to self-report current or prior history of hip problems or injuries. Dancers with a self-reported history of a hip problem (8 of 37, 21.6%) recorded relatively low HOOS sub-scores (indicative of enhanced disability) for pain and quality of life. The remaining sub-scores-for symptoms, activities of daily living (ADLs), and sports-were not significantly different from those of dancers who were problem-free. Dancers with a history of hip problem were also more likely to report hip pain with two or more dance movements. The impact of hip problems on the quality of life in professional ballet dancers tends to persist despite a lack of significant effect on the ability to perform ADLs or sports-related tasks. Therefore, the self-reported presence of a hip problem should be viewed as a risk factor for decreased quality of life in this population.
|
['Activities of Daily Living', 'Adult', 'Arthralgia', 'Dancing', 'Female', 'Health Status', 'Hip Injuries', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Quality of Life', 'Self Report', 'Young Adult']
| 30,139,418
|
[['E02.760.169.063.500.067', 'E02.831.067', 'I03.050', 'N02.421.784.110'], ['M01.060.116'], ['C05.550.091', 'C23.888.592.612.094', 'F02.830.816.444.350', 'G11.561.790.444.350'], ['I03.450.642.287'], ['I01.240.425', 'N01.224.425', 'N06.850.505.400.425'], ['C26.531'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['I01.800', 'K01.752.400.750', 'N06.850.505.400.425.837'], ['E05.318.308.980.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.500'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Humanities [K]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
[Skull metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma successfully treated by intraoperative photodynamic diagnosis using 5-aminolevulinic acid: case report].
|
There have been no studies on photodynamic diagnosis (PDD) using 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) in patients with metastatic skull tumors. Here, we present a case of skull metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) successfully treated by intraoperative PDD using 5-ALA. A 63-year-old man with HCC presented with a subcutaneous mass in the left occipital region. CT showed a hyperdensity mass and severe osteolytic change in the left side of the occipital bone. MRI revealed an extra-axial enhanced mass that compressed the left occipital lobe and enhancement was spreading to the adjacent subcutaneous soft tissue. In order to intraoperatively evaluate the extent of tumor invasion, PDD using 5-ALA was performed. Intraoperative PDD comfirmed that the tumor itself was highly fluorescent. Surgery was completed after comfirming the absence of residual fluorescence in the surgical field. The tumor was diagnosed HCC. Histopathological analysis confirmed that PDD accurately assessed the extent of tumor invasion. The patient was discharged home at 10 days after surgery. PDD using 5-ALA is convenient and inexpensive, and because adverse reactions are minimal, it may be useful in not only malignant glioma, but also other brain tumors.
|
['Aminolevulinic Acid', 'Carcinoma, Hepatocellular', 'Fluorescence', 'Humans', 'Intraoperative Period', 'Liver Neoplasms', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Skull Neoplasms', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed']
| 17,867,312
|
[['D02.241.755.547.276', 'D12.125.262'], ['C04.557.470.200.025.255', 'C04.588.274.623.160', 'C06.301.623.160', 'C06.552.697.160'], ['G01.358.500.505.650.665.500', 'G01.590.540.665.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E04.614.374', 'N02.421.585.753.374'], ['C04.588.274.623', 'C06.301.623', 'C06.552.697'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04.588.149.721', 'C05.116.231.754'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Dynamic REM Sleep Modulation by Ambient Temperature and the Critical Role of the Melanin-Concentrating Hormone System.
|
Ambient temperature (Ta) warming toward the high end of the thermoneutral zone (TNZ) preferentially increases rapid eye movement (REM) sleep over non-REM (NREM) sleep across species. The control and function of this temperature-induced REM sleep expression have remained unknown. Melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) neurons play an important role in REM sleep control. We hypothesize that the MCH system may modulate REM sleep as a function of Ta. Here, we show that wild-type (WT) mice dynamically increased REM sleep durations specifically during warm Ta pulsing within the TNZ, compared to both the TNZ cool and baseline constant Ta conditions, without significantly affecting either wake or NREM sleep durations. However, genetically engineered MCH receptor-1 knockout (MCHR1-KO) mice showed no significant changes in REM sleep as a function of Ta, even with increased sleep pressure following a 4-h sleep deprivation. Using MCH-cre mice transduced with channelrhodopsin, we then optogenetically activated MCH neurons time locked with Ta warming, showing an increase in REM sleep expression beyond what Ta warming in yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) control mice achieved. Finally, in mice transduced with archaerhodopsin-T, semi-chronic optogenetic MCH neuronal silencing during Ta warming completely blocked the increase in REM sleep seen in YFP controls. These data demonstrate a previously unknown role for the MCH system in the dynamic output expression of REM sleep during Ta manipulation. These findings are consistent with the energy allocation hypothesis of sleep function, suggesting that endotherms have evolved neural circuits to opportunistically express REM sleep when the need for thermoregulatory defense is minimized.
|
['Animals', 'Hypothalamic Hormones', 'Male', 'Melanins', 'Mice', 'Mice, Knockout', 'Neurons', 'Pituitary Hormones', 'Sleep, REM', 'Temperature']
| 31,155,350
|
[['B01.050'], ['D06.472.699.327', 'D12.644.400.400', 'D12.644.548.365', 'D12.776.631.650.405'], ['D12.125.072.050.875.379', 'D23.767.620'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.136.500.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.455', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800.500'], ['A08.675', 'A11.671'], ['D06.472.699.631', 'D12.644.548.691'], ['F02.830.855.796.671', 'G11.561.803.754.671'], ['G01.906.595', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710', 'G16.500.750.775.710', 'N06.230.150.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Risk factors for severe hypocalcemia after parathyroidectomy in prevalent dialysis patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism.
|
PURPOSE: Hypocalcemia is one of the common complications after parathyroidectomy (PTX). Severe hypocalcemia (SH) can lead to tetany, cardiac arrhythmia and even sudden death. However, predictors for the development of SH in patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism demonstrated in some small-scale studies with a limited sample size remain inconclusive.METHODS: A retrospective chart review of 420 consecutive dialysis patients who underwent PTX during a 12-year period was performed. We checked serum levels of calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) for three consecutive days postoperatively. SH was defined as the minimum values of serum calcium lower than 1.875 mmol/L (7.5 mg/dL) within 3 days after operation.RESULTS: The mean (±SD) age of our study population was 53 ± 12 years, and more than half (57 %) were female. SH occurred in 37 % of the patients after PTX. Using a multivariate stepwise logistic regression analysis, lower preoperative levels of Ca (odds ratio 0.69, 95 % CI 0.60-0.79, P < 0.001), higher preoperative levels of iPTH (odds ratio 1.04, 95 % CI 1.00-1.07, P = 0.048), P (odds ratio 2.43, 95 % CI 1.49-3.95, P < 0.001) and ALP (odds ratio 1.08, 95 % CI 1.05-1.11, P < 0.001) were found to be independent predictors of occurrence of SH following PTX.CONCLUSIONS: The readily obtainable preoperative laboratory parameters including Ca, iPTH, P, and ALP will allow identification of a subgroup of patients who are at greater risk for the development of SH following PTX.
|
['Adult', 'Alkaline Phosphatase', 'Biomarkers', 'Calcium', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hyperparathyroidism, Secondary', 'Hypocalcemia', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Parathyroid Hormone', 'Parathyroidectomy', 'Phosphorus', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Preoperative Period', 'Prognosis', 'Renal Dialysis', 'Renal Insufficiency, Chronic', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Risk Factors', 'Severity of Illness Index']
| 26,025,063
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D08.811.277.352.650.035'], ['D23.101'], ['D01.268.552.100', 'D01.552.539.288', 'D23.119.100'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C19.642.355.480'], ['C18.452.174.509', 'C18.452.950.509'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D06.472.699.590', 'D12.644.548.587'], ['E04.270.694'], ['D01.268.666'], ['E05.318.370.800.650', 'N05.715.360.325.700.640', 'N06.850.520.445.800.650'], ['E04.614.937', 'N02.421.585.753.937'], ['E01.789'], ['E02.870.300', 'E02.912.800'], ['C12.777.419.780.750', 'C13.351.968.419.780.750'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475.456.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.364.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.364.500']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
High resolution separation of recombinant monoclonal antibodies by size-exclusion ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (SE-UHPLC).
|
Size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) is an important mode of separation used in monoclonal antibody (mAb) characterization and quality control. SEC separates mAbs into three major species: high molecular weight species, main peak (predominantly monomer), and low molecular weight species. However, mAb SEC separations have low resolution between the different sized species, and the analysis is slow with low sample throughput. The introduction of size-exclusion ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (SE-UHPLC) columns offers a new opportunity to improve both the resolution and throughput of SEC analysis. This study demonstrates that SE-UHPLC columns deliver better resolution of size variants in a shorter period of time than conventional SEC columns. For example, an SE-UHPLC column 300-mm in length produced separation of mAb Fab/c fragments in less than 10min, in comparison to a conventional SEC column output, where these fragments co-elute with the main peak. Furthermore, we observed that high back pressure does not generate HMWS under optimized mobile phase conditions for mAbs. The platform SE-UHPLC method has been demonstrated to be suitable for the analysis of multiple mAbs, with greatly improved sample throughput and peak resolution of mAb size variants.
|
['Antibodies, Monoclonal', 'Chromatography, Gel', 'Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments', 'Recombinant Proteins', 'Software', 'Temperature']
| 25,766,848
|
[['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224'], ['E05.196.181.400.250'], ['E05.196.181.400.300'], ['D12.644.541.500.650', 'D12.776.124.486.485.680.650', 'D12.776.124.790.651.680.650', 'D12.776.377.715.548.680.650'], ['D12.776.828'], ['L01.224.900'], ['G01.906.595', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710', 'G16.500.750.775.710', 'N06.230.150.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
[1985 supplement to the Kauffmann-White classification].
|
This supplement reports the characters of 24 new Salmonella serovars recognized in 1985 by the WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Salmonella: 7 serovars belong to subspecies I, 14 to subspecies II, 1 to subspecies IIIb, 1 to subspecies IV and 1 to subspecies V.
|
['Salmonella', 'Serotyping']
| 3,435,055
|
[['B03.440.450.425.800', 'B03.660.250.150.710'], ['E01.370.225.812.742', 'E01.370.225.875.150.125.890', 'E05.200.812.742', 'E05.200.875.150.125.890', 'E05.478.594.780']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Study of erythrocyte shape changes in schistosomiasis.
|
The aim of this work was to study the red cell morphology in different stages of schistosomiasis. Patients were divided into three groups according to the stage of the disease. For each patient, complete clinical examination, liver function tests, renal function tests, complete blood picture, scanning electron microscopy for erythrocytes (SEM) and abdominal ultrasonography were done. Abnormal morphologic changes of a total discoid flat cells of 70.14%, margin changes of 12.34% and 3.55% of cup forms were found. To our knowledge, these marked changes were not reported in any other disease. No statistical differences were found between red cell shape changes and stage of liver disease. There was a positive correlation between portal vein diameter and percentage of flat discoid forms and a negative correlation between surface changes and clinical stage of liver disease. These changes are known to be accompanied by reduction of red cell deformability and impaired capillary flow.
|
['Adult', 'Disease Progression', 'Erythrocyte Deformability', 'Erythrocytes', 'Hematocrit', 'Hemoglobins', 'Humans', 'Kidney Function Tests', 'Leukocyte Count', 'Liver', 'Liver Function Tests', 'Microscopy, Electron, Scanning', 'Middle Aged', 'Schistosomiasis']
| 12,632,009
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['C23.550.291.656'], ['G09.188.370.249'], ['A11.118.290', 'A11.443.240', 'A15.145.229.334'], ['E01.370.225.625.400', 'E05.200.625.400', 'G09.188.370.374'], ['D12.776.124.400', 'D12.776.422.316.762'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.390.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.195.107.595', 'E01.370.225.625.107.595', 'E05.200.500.195.107.595', 'E05.200.625.107.595', 'E05.242.195.107.595', 'G04.140.107.595', 'G09.188.105.595'], ['A03.620'], ['E01.370.372.460'], ['E01.370.350.515.402.541', 'E05.595.402.541'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C01.610.335.865.859', 'C01.920.922']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Normal aortoiliac diameters by CT.
|
In spite of the vital role CT plays in the evaluation of vascular disease, no standard CT derived dimensions for the abdominal aorta, iliac, and femoral arteries have been established. A retrospective study of the CT scans of 260 patients was performed with patients separated by sex and age. Aortic diameter was measured at predetermined suprarenal, renal, and infrarenal locations and single measurements of the iliac and femoral arteries were made bilaterally. The vessel diameter was observed to gradually increase with age in both sexes. Men were found to have larger diameter vessels than age matched women. This pattern was noted at all levels measured. The normal range of vascular dimensions determined is presented.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Aorta, Abdominal', 'Female', 'Femoral Artery', 'Humans', 'Iliac Artery', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Reference Values', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed']
| 3,392,259
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['A07.015.114.056.205'], ['A07.015.114.351'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A07.015.114.444'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.978.810'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Difficult establishment of a chronic nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs induced gastric inflammation rat model due to gastric adaptation and small bowel damage.
|
BACKGROUND/AIMS: The prevalence of peptic ulcer disease has not decreased mainly due to an increase in the use of NSAIDs. This study was conducted in order to determine whether a chronic NSAID-induced gastric inflammation model could be established by repeated administration of NSAID.METHODS: Indomethacin (10 mg/kg) was administered once per week for six weeks in 8- and 26-week rats and animals were sacrificed every week after administration. Gross ulcer index, histologic damage index, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, and mucus (glucosamine) levels were measured. Small bowel damage was also evaluated.RESULTS: Gross gastric damage index showed a peak level at three weeks and then decreased slowly in the 26-week indomethacin group. Gastric mucosal glucosamine level increased in both the 8-week (p=0.038) and 26-week groups (p=0.007). In addition, gastric mucosal MPO level decreased in the 8-week group (p=0.018) but did not show a decrease in the 26-week group. Small bowel damage began to occur at three weeks during the schedule and eight of 36 rats (22.2%) died due to perforation or peritonitis of the small bowel in the 8- and 26-week indomethacin groups, respectively.CONCLUSIONS: Due to gastric adaptation and small bowel damage, repeated administration of NSAID to experimental animals may not be an adequate method for establishment of the chronic gastric inflammation model.
|
['Animals', 'Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Gastric Mucosa', 'Glucosamine', 'Indomethacin', 'Intestine, Small', 'Male', 'Peroxidase', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Time Factors']
| 24,953,610
|
[['B01.050'], ['D27.505.696.663.850.014.040.500', 'D27.505.954.158.030', 'D27.505.954.329.030'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['A03.556.875.875.440', 'A10.615.550.291'], ['D09.067.342.531'], ['D03.633.100.473.420'], ['A03.556.124.684'], ['D08.811.682.732.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Neuroimaging of goal-directed behavior in midlife women.
|
BACKGROUND: Motivational interventions to improve health behaviors based on conventional cognitive and behavioral theories have been extensively studied; however, advances in neuroimaging technology make it possible to assess the neurophysiological basis of health behaviors, such as physical activity. The goals of this approach are to support new interventions to achieve optimal outcomes.OBJECTIVES: This study used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to assess differences in brain responses in healthy weight to obese midlife women during a goal-directed decision task.METHODS: Thirty nondiabetic, midlife (age 47-55 years) women with body mass index (BMI) ranging from 18.5 to 40 kg/m were recruited. A descriptive, correlational design was used to assess the relationship between brain activations and weight status. Participants underwent a goal-directed behavior task in the fMRI scanner consisting of a learning and implementation phase. The task was designed to assess both goal-directed and habitual behaviors. One participant was omitted from the analysis because of excessive motion (>4 mm), and six were omitted because of fewer than 50% correct responses on the exit survey. Four participants developed claustrophobia in the scanner and were disqualified from further participation. The remaining 19 participants were included in the final analysis.RESULTS: Brain responses while participants learned goal-directed behavior showed a positive correlation with BMI in the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) and a negative correlation with BMI in the insula. During the implementation of goal-directed behavior, brain responses in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) negatively correlated with BMI.DISCUSSION: These results indicate that overweight women activate regions associated with cognitive control to a greater degree than healthy weight women during goal-directed learning. The brain regions activated (dmPFC, dlPFC, insula) are associated with cognitive control and self-regulation. On the other hand, healthy weight women activate regions associated with emotion processing, planning, and self-regulation (lateral orbitofrontal cortex, anterior insula) to a greater degree than overweight women during goal-directed learning and implementation of goal-directed behavior. Overweight women activate cognitive control regions while learning associations between actions and outcomes; however, this is not the case during the implementation phase--which may make it more difficult to transform goals into action (e.g., maintain physical activity over time). Overall, these results indicate that overweight midlife women respond differently during learning and implementation of actions that lead to positive outcomes during a general test of goal-directed behavior. Future study is needed to assess the transfer of goal-directed and habitual behavior to specific aspects of energy balance to improve health outcomes.
|
['Body Mass Index', 'Cerebral Cortex', 'Conditioning, Operant', 'Discrimination Learning', 'Female', 'Functional Neuroimaging', 'Goals', 'Health Behavior', 'Humans', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Middle Aged', 'Motivation', 'Overweight', 'Prefrontal Cortex', 'Reward']
| 25,186,027
|
[['E01.370.600.115.100.125', 'E05.041.124.125', 'G07.100.100.125', 'N06.850.505.200.100.175'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500'], ['F02.463.425.179.509'], ['F02.463.425.280'], ['E01.370.350.578.875', 'E01.370.376.537.625', 'E05.629.875'], ['F01.658.500'], ['F01.145.488'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['F01.658', 'F01.752.543.500.750'], ['C23.888.144.699', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120.699', 'G07.100.100.160.120.699'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.270.700'], ['F02.463.425.770.836']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Factors Affecting Readmission Cost After Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty in Michigan.
|
BACKGROUND: The increasing readmission risk of primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA) represents a significant economic burden and public health challenge. Many have investigated the predictors of readmissions after TKA while little work has studied the associated readmission costs. This article investigated the factors affecting readmission cost after primary TKA at the time of initial discharges using clinical and resource-use information and compared the factors between 2 payer groups (Medicare-or-Medicaid and non-Medicare-nor-Medicaid groups).METHODS: We used data from the Michigan State Inpatient Database of the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. We identified readmissions after primary TKA in 2012 using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, code 81.54. Total readmission cost was modeled using multivariate regression to identify predictors.RESULTS: Of 1358 readmissions after primary TKA, 949 were in the Medicare-or-Medicaid group, and 409 were in the non-Medicare-nor-Medicaid group. The overall mean and median total readmission costs were $9335 (standard deviation $10,528) and $6810, respectively. Significant predictors of total readmission cost for the Medicare-or-Medicaid group included length of stay (P < .001), discharge disposition (P < .001), number of chronic conditions (P = .001), and total cost of initial admission (P < .001). Only total cost of initial admission was significant in predicting total readmission cost for the non-Medicare-nor-Medicaid group (P < .001).CONCLUSION: Total cost of initial admission was a significant predictor of total readmission cost in both Medicare-or-Medicaid and non-Medicare-nor-Medicaid groups, independent of length of stay and number of chronic conditions.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee', 'Child', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Length of Stay', 'Male', 'Medicaid', 'Medicare', 'Michigan', 'Middle Aged', 'Patient Readmission', 'United States', 'Young Adult']
| 26,732,037
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['E04.555.110.110.115', 'E04.650.110.115', 'E04.680.101.110.115'], ['M01.060.406'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.760.400.480', 'N02.421.585.400.480'], ['N03.219.521.346.506.564.655', 'N03.706.615.693'], ['N03.219.521.346.506.564.663', 'N03.219.521.576.343.840', 'N03.706.615.696'], ['Z01.107.567.875.350.500', 'Z01.107.567.875.510.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E02.760.400.620', 'N02.421.585.400.620'], ['Z01.107.567.875'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Bone marrow transplantation in New Zealand. New Zealand Bone Marrow Transplant Study Group.
|
From their initiation in 1979 until the end of 1992, five New Zealand transplant centres have carried out a total of 233 bone marrow transplants, of which 149 were allografts and 84 autografts. The New Zealand Bone Marrow Transplant Study Group aims to coordinate the transplant programmes and maintains a collaborative register of transplants. This report provides a brief overview of transplantation activity within New Zealand and summarises the results.
|
['Anemia, Aplastic', 'Bone Marrow Transplantation', 'Humans', 'Leukemia', 'Lymphoma', 'National Health Programs', 'New Zealand', 'Transplantation, Autologous', 'Transplantation, Homologous']
| 7,920,305
|
[['C15.378.071.085', 'C15.378.190.223.250'], ['E02.095.147.725.040', 'E04.936.580.040'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.557.337'], ['C04.557.386', 'C15.604.515.569', 'C20.683.515.761'], ['N03.349.550'], ['Z01.639.760.747', 'Z01.678.100.747'], ['E04.936.664'], ['E04.936.864']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
[Femoropopliteal bypass above the knee-joint fissure by means of a vascular prosthesis made of PTFE: choosing an appropriate diameter of the prosthesis].
|
Presented herein are the outcomes of a total of 80 operations of femoropopliteal grafting above the knee-joint fissure, carried out using a vascular prosthesis made of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) in patients diagnosed with atherosclerotic lesions of the arteries of the lower extremities over the period between February 1995 and December 2005 at the Department of Vascular Surgery of the A. V. Vishnevsky Institute of Surgery of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences. Fifty percent of the patients were operated on for grade II B ischemia, while 13.7% of the patients suffered from grade III ischaemia of the lower limb, and 29 (36.3%) subjects were found to have grade IV ischaemia. The condition of the distal bed was considered <<good>> in 41.2% of the patients, being defined as <<satisfactory>> in 48.5%, and as "poor" in 10.3%. The operative intervention was carried out according to the conventionally accepted technique. 50% of the reconstructions were performed using the prosthesis 8 mm in diameter, and 50% - using that measuring 6 mm in diameter. A statistically significant impact of the diameter of the prosthesis used on the patency of the graft in the remote postoperative period was revealed: with the prosthesis 8-mm in diameter, the patency after 12, 30 and 60 months amounted to 93%, 64% and 51%, respectively, while with the transplant measuring 6 mm in diameter, these indices at the above-mentioned time intervals did not exceed 62%, 44% and 31%, respectively (P=0.004).
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Arterial Occlusive Diseases', 'Blood Vessel Prosthesis', 'Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation', 'Female', 'Femoral Artery', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Knee Joint', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Polytetrafluoroethylene', 'Popliteal Artery', 'Prosthesis Design', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 18,382,409
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C14.907.137'], ['E07.695.110'], ['E04.100.814.868.500', 'E04.650.200'], ['A07.015.114.351'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['A02.835.583.475'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D05.750.395.616', 'D25.720.395.616', 'J01.637.051.720.395.616'], ['A07.015.114.681'], ['E05.320.550', 'E07.695.680'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Heat stress induces a glycosylation of membrane sterol in myxoamoebae of a true slime mold, Physarum polycephalum.
|
To know the very early events occurring after heat shock, the changes of membrane lipids were examined. Heat stress induced the production of a certain glycolipid in the myxoamoebae of Physarum polycephalum in a few minutes. The purified glycolipid was determined to be a poriferasterol monoglucoside by structural studies that was previously reported to be expressed during the differentiation of Physarum cells from haploid myxoamoebae to diploid plasmodia (Murakami-Murofushi, K., Nakamura, K., Ohta, J., Suzuki, M., Suzuki, A., Murofushi, H., and Yokota, T. (1987) J. Biol. Chem. 262, 16719-16723). The activity of UDP-glucose:poriferasterol glucosyltransferase (Murakami-Murofushi, K., and Ohta, J. (1989) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 992, 412-415) was also expressed rapidly after heat shock. Thus, the activation of sterol glucosyltransferase and the production of sterol-glucoside were considered to be important events that were involved in the signal transduction system to induce some succeeding heat-shock responses, such as the synthesis of heat-shock proteins.
|
['Animals', 'Glucosyltransferases', 'Glycolipids', 'Glycosylation', 'Heat Stress Disorders', 'Mass Spectrometry', 'Membrane Lipids', 'Physarum polycephalum', 'Signal Transduction', 'Sterols']
| 8,995,287
|
[['B01.050'], ['D08.811.913.400.450.460'], ['D09.400.410', 'D10.390'], ['G02.111.158.812', 'G02.607.299', 'G03.191.812'], ['C26.522'], ['E05.196.566'], ['D10.570'], ['B01.046.550.550.600.700.550'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['D04.210.500.247.808', 'D10.570.938']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Optimization of formaldehyde cross-linking for protein interaction analysis of non-tagged integrin beta1.
|
Formaldehyde cross-linking of protein complexes combined with immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry analysis is a promising technique for analysing protein-protein interactions, including those of transient nature. Here we used integrin beta1 as a model to describe the application of formaldehyde cross-linking in detail, particularly focusing on the optimal parameters for cross-linking, the detection of formaldehyde cross-linked complexes, the utility of antibodies, and the identification of binding partners. Integrin beta1 was found in a high molecular weight complex after formaldehyde cross-linking. Eight different anti-integrin beta1 antibodies were used for pull-down experiments and no loss in precipitation efficiency after cross-linking was observed. However, two of the antibodies could not precipitate the complex, probably due to hidden epitopes. Formaldehyde cross-linked complexes, precipitated from Jurkat cells or human platelets and analyzed by mass spectrometry, were found to be composed of integrin beta1, alpha4 and alpha6 or beta1, alpha6, alpha2, and alpha5, respectively.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Antibodies', 'Blood Platelets', 'Cross-Linking Reagents', 'Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel', 'Formaldehyde', 'Humans', 'Immunoprecipitation', 'Integrin beta1', 'Jurkat Cells', 'Mass Spectrometry', 'Models, Chemical', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Multiprotein Complexes', 'Protein Interaction Mapping', 'Proteins']
| 20,634,879
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114'], ['A11.118.188', 'A15.145.229.188'], ['D27.720.470.410.210'], ['E05.196.401.402', 'E05.301.300.319'], ['D02.047.407'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.196.150.639', 'E05.478.605'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.408.200.500'], ['A11.251.210.190.495', 'A11.251.860.180.495', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.440'], ['E05.196.566'], ['E05.599.495'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['D05.500'], ['E05.601.690'], ['D12.776']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Lily ASR protein-conferred cold and freezing resistance in Arabidopsis.
|
The lily LLA23 protein is a member of the abscisic acid, stress and ripening-induced (ASR) protein family. Constitutive overexpression of LLA23 under the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter confers cold and freezing tolerance in Arabidopsis. The phenotypical growth and survival percentage of the two transgenic 35S::LLA23 plants showed higher resistance to cold and freezing conditions than those of wild-type (WT) plants. The electrolyte leakage in WT leaves increased by approximately fourfold at -2 °C relative to that at 22 °C whereas both transgenic leaves showed little ion leakage under the same conditions. A microarray analysis of LLA23-overexpressing transgenic line, 35S::LLA23E, under normal growing conditions was previously conducted by Yang et al. (Protoplasma, 2008, 233:241-254). Microarray analysis showed that 12 cold-responsive genes are upregulated and 25 cold-responsive genes are downregulated by lily ASR. Many ASR-regulated genes encode proteins involved in the classes of defense/stress-related, transcription, and metabolism. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis confirms the changes in mRNA levels observed in the microarray analysis. Thus, our results provide in vivo evidence implying that LLA23 mediates cold/freezing stress-responsive signaling. To gain further insight into the functions of LLA23 protein, an in vitro enzyme protection assay was used in which lactate dehydrogenase and malate dehydrogenase were subjected to unfavorable conditions. The assay revealed that both enzyme activities were significantly retained with the addition of LLA23, which was superior to either trehalose or BSA, suggesting that the LLA23 protein can protect enzymatic activities against freeze-thaw cycles. The 35S::LLA23 seedlings also exhibited enzyme activity superior to WT at -4 °C. These results suggest that LLA23 may act as an osmoprotectant as well as a transcription factor to confer 35S::LLA23 plants enhanced cold and freezing resistance.
|
['Acclimatization', 'Arabidopsis', 'Cold-Shock Response', 'Freezing', 'Gene Expression Profiling', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Plant', 'Lilium', 'Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis', 'Plant Leaves', 'Plant Proteins', 'Plants, Genetically Modified', 'RNA, Messenger', 'RNA, Plant', 'Signal Transduction']
| 21,803,593
|
[['G07.025.133', 'G16.012.500.133'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.157.100'], ['G07.775.249'], ['G01.645.500', 'G01.906.595.272.437', 'G02.734.466'], ['E05.393.332'], ['G05.308.375'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.618.875.500.500'], ['E05.393.661.640', 'E05.393.760.640', 'E05.588.570.660', 'E05.601.640'], ['A18.024.812'], ['D12.776.765'], ['B01.650.520', 'B05.620.600'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['D13.444.735.635'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Unilateral iliac artery stenting improves perfusion and symptoms in both limbs in patients with bilateral iliac lesions.
|
PURPOSE: To test the hypothesis that unilateral dilation of a common (CIA) or internal iliac artery (IIA) stenosis in selected patients with contralateral chronic iliac artery occlusion is adequate to offer clinical benefit to the untreated chronically occluded limb.METHODS: Sixteen patients (11 men; mean age 66.7±4.9 years) with chronic occlusion of one CIA [with or without extension to the external iliac artery (EIA)] and CIA stenosis (n=11), IIA stenosis (n=3), CIA and IIA stenoses (n=1), or IIA and EIA stenoses (n=1) on the contralateral side were treated with unilateral angioplasty/stenting of the iliac artery stenosis as sole treatment for both limbs. Clinical and hemodynamic success of this approach was assessed for both limbs.RESULTS: Eleven patients were treated with stenting of the stenosed CIA, 2 with IIA dilation, one with IIA stenting, one with stenting of both the CIA and IIA, and the last with IIA and EIA stenting. Technical success was obtained in all. Immediate hemodynamic success was also 100% for both limbs: the mean resting ankle-brachial index increased from 0.67±0.06 to 0.88 ± 0.04 on the stenosis side and from to 0.53±0.06 to 0.69±0.07 in the contralateral occluded limb (p<0.001). Clinical success was 100% for the treated limb immediately after the procedure and 93.8% for the contralateral limb. One patient with ischemic rest pain in the occluded limb continued to experience severe symptoms after contralateral CIA stenting despite hemodynamic improvement; he had a femorofemoral graft implanted 2 months after the initial intervention and was considered the only clinical failure. During a mean 24-month follow-up (range 12-54), all stented arteries remained patent.CONCLUSION: In selected patients with CIA or IIA stenosis and long chronic occlusion of the contralateral iliac axis, unilateral dilation/stenting of the stenosis alone increases blood flow and improves clinical symptoms to both limbs.
|
['Aged', 'Atherosclerosis', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Iliac Artery', 'Male', 'Prospective Studies', 'Regional Blood Flow', 'Stents']
| 23,391,090
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['C14.907.137.126.307'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A07.015.114.444'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['G09.330.100.780'], ['E07.695.750']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
[ECG changes and angina pectoris due to direct current from a defective cardiac pacemaker].
|
The case of a 73-year-old patient whose external cardiac pacemaker produced a constant direct current is reported. The patient had severe angina pectoris, and the ECG showed marked QT prolongation and deformation both of the QRS complex and of the ST-T segments. Both angina and ECG changes disappeared when the defective pacemaker was replaced.
|
['Aged', 'Angina Pectoris', 'Bradycardia', 'Electricity', 'Electrocardiography', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Pacemaker, Artificial']
| 6,636,938
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['C14.280.647.187', 'C14.907.585.187', 'C23.888.592.612.233.500'], ['C14.280.067.319', 'C23.550.073.300'], ['G01.358.500.249'], ['E01.370.370.380.240', 'E01.370.405.240'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E07.305.250.750']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
[Effects of temperature extremes on daily mortality in Castile-La Mancha (Spain): trends from 1975 to 2003].
|
OBJECTIVES: To determine time trends and the geographical distribution of mortality trigger temperature thresholds due to extreme temperatures in Castile-La Mancha (central Spain) between 1975 and 2003.METHODS: The analysis was divided into three periods (1975-1984, 1985-1994 and 1995-2003) for each province of the region. Daily mortality due to organic causes (dependent variable) was modelled using autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) procedures. The resulting residual series was related to the maximum temperature series grouped in 2 degrees C intervals to obtain a threshold temperature for cold or heat when the residuals rose significantly (p<0,05) above the mean residual mortality value of the corresponding study period.RESULTS: Mortality trigger temperature thresholds decreased over time in Castile- La Mancha. In Toledo, the trigger temperature diminished from 40 degrees C to 38 degrees C. In Cuenca and Guadalajara, threshold temperatures for heat events were obtained in the last few decades but not in the first. These thresholds varied from the 92nd percentile in Cuenca to the 98th percentile in Albacete in the last decade. No threshold temperatures for cold spells were observed in any province or period.CONCLUSIONS: Castile-La Mancha registered an upward trend in the relationship between high temperatures and mortality, probably due to population aging. This trend could have been influenced by the increased frequency of extremely hot days. Prevention plans should be periodically reviewed.
|
['Extreme Cold Weather', 'Extreme Heat', 'Humans', 'Mortality', 'Spain', 'Time Factors']
| 20,106,557
|
[['G16.500.750.775.291.250', 'N06.230.300.100.725.154.500', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710.300.500'], ['G16.500.750.775.271', 'N06.230.300.100.725.232.500', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710.380.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.985.550', 'N01.224.935.698', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550'], ['Z01.542.846'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
5-HT7R/G12 signaling regulates neuronal morphology and function in an age-dependent manner.
|
The common neurotransmitter serotonin controls different aspects of early neuronal differentiation, although the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Here we report that activation of the serotonin 5-HT(7) receptor promotes synaptogenesis and enhances synaptic activity in hippocampal neurons at early postnatal stages. An analysis of Gá(12)-deficient mice reveals a critical role of G(12)-protein for 5-HT(7) receptor-mediated effects in neurons. In organotypic preparations from the hippocampus of juvenile mice, stimulation of 5-HT(7)R/G(12) signaling potentiates formation of dendritic spines, increases neuronal excitability, and modulates synaptic plasticity. In contrast, in older neuronal preparations, morphogenetic and synaptogenic effects of 5-HT(7)/G(12) signaling are abolished. Moreover, inhibition of 5-HT(7) receptor had no effect on synaptic plasticity in hippocampus of adult animals. Expression analysis reveals that the production of 5-HT(7) and Gá(12)-proteins in the hippocampus undergoes strong regulation with a pronounced transient increase during early postnatal stages. Thus, regulated expression of 5-HT(7) receptor and Gá(12)-protein may represent a molecular mechanism by which serotonin specifically modulates formation of initial neuronal networks during early postnatal development.
|
['Aging', 'Animals', 'Animals, Newborn', 'GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, G12-G13', 'Hippocampus', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Neurogenesis', 'Neurons', 'Organ Culture Techniques', 'Receptors, Serotonin', 'Signal Transduction', 'Synapses']
| 22,378,867
|
[['G07.345.124'], ['B01.050'], ['B01.050.050.282'], ['D08.811.277.040.330.300.200.100.100', 'D12.644.360.360.100.100', 'D12.776.157.325.332.100.100', 'D12.776.476.375.100.100', 'D12.776.543.325.100.100'], ['A08.186.211.180.405', 'A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.345'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['G04.152.912', 'G07.345.500.325.377.687', 'G08.686.784.170.450.500', 'G11.561.620'], ['A08.675', 'A11.671'], ['E05.481.500.484'], ['D12.776.543.750.670.800', 'D12.776.543.750.695.800', 'D12.776.543.750.720.850'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['A08.850', 'A11.284.149.165.420.780']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
School nurse perspectives of challenges and how they perceive success in their professional nursing roles.
|
This is a phenomenological study of 25 school nurses employed in a large, urban school district in the midwestern section of the United States. In addition to school nursing, the participants also had professional work experience in other nursing specialties. Thematic analysis of the data focused on the challenges faced by the school nurses, their views of school nursing success, and elements of job satisfaction. Overall, the school nurses reported the positive aspects of school nursing outweigh the negative aspects of their jobs. Developmental changes were reported among the school nurses in this study as they reflected on how they perceived their nursing career over time and during different seasons of their lives.
|
['Adaptation, Psychological', 'Adult', 'Attitude of Health Personnel', 'Career Choice', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Job Satisfaction', 'Middle Aged', 'Midwestern United States', "Nurse's Role", 'Qualitative Research', 'School Nursing']
| 19,244,208
|
[['F01.058'], ['M01.060.116'], ['F01.100.050', 'N05.300.100'], ['F02.463.785.373.346.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F02.784.692.425'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['Z01.107.567.875.510'], ['F01.829.316.616.625.450', 'N05.300.100.337'], ['H01.770.644.241.850'], ['H02.478.676.824', 'N02.421.726.809.742']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Anti-inflammatory and anti-endotoxin properties of peptides derived from the carboxy-terminal region of a defensin from the tick Ornithodoros savignyi.
|
Antimicrobial peptides are small cationic peptides that possess a large spectrum of bioactivities, including antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. Several antimicrobial peptides are known to inhibit lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in vitro and to protect animals from sepsis. In this study, the cellular anti-inflammatory and anti-endotoxin activities of Os and Os-C, peptides derived from the carboxy-terminal of a tick defensin, were investigated. Both Os and Os-C were found to bind LPS in vitro, albeit to a lesser extent than polymyxin B and melittin, known endotoxin-binding peptides. Binding to LPS was found to reduce the bactericidal activity of Os and Os-C against Escherichia coli confirming the affinity of both peptides for LPS. At a concentration of 25 µM, the nitric oxide (NO) scavenging activity of Os was higher than glutathione, a known NO scavenger. In contrast, Os-C showed no scavenging activity. Os and Os-C inhibited LPS/IFN-ã induced NO and TNF-á production in RAW 264.7 cells in a concentration-dependent manner, with no cellular toxicity even at a concentration of 100 µM. Although inhibition of NO and TNF-á secretion was more pronounced for melittin and polymyxin B, significant cytotoxicity was observed at concentrations of 1.56 µM and 25 µM for melittin and polymyxin B, respectively. In addition, Os, Os-C and glutathione protected RAW 264.7 cells from oxidative damage at concentrations as low as 25 µM. This study identified that besides previously reported antibacterial activity of Os and Os-C, both peptides have in addition anti-inflammatory and anti-endotoxin properties.
|
['Animals', 'Anti-Bacterial Agents', 'Anti-Inflammatory Agents', 'Cell Line', 'Defensins', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Escherichia coli', 'Free Radical Scavengers', 'Glutathione', 'Interferon-gamma', 'Lipopolysaccharides', 'Macrophages', 'Melitten', 'Mice', 'Nitric Oxide', 'Ornithodoros', 'Peptides', 'Polymyxin B', 'Protein Structure, Tertiary', 'Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha']
| 26,662,999
|
[['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.122.085'], ['D27.505.954.158'], ['A11.251.210'], ['D12.644.050.200', 'D12.776.543.695.054.200'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['D27.505.519.217.500'], ['D12.644.456.448'], ['D12.644.276.374.440.893', 'D12.644.276.374.480.615.350', 'D12.776.467.374.440.893', 'D12.776.467.374.480.615.350', 'D23.529.374.440.893', 'D23.529.374.480.615.350'], ['D09.400.500', 'D09.698.718.450', 'D10.494', 'D23.050.161.616.525', 'D23.946.123.329.500'], ['A11.329.372', 'A11.627.482', 'A11.733.397', 'A15.382.670.522', 'A15.382.680.397'], ['D12.644.050.550', 'D12.776.543.695.054.550', 'D20.888.065.115.580', 'D23.946.833.065.115.580'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['D01.339.387', 'D01.625.550.500', 'D01.625.700.500', 'D01.650.550.587.600'], ['B01.050.500.131.166.132.832.100.700'], ['D12.644'], ['D04.345.566.780.750', 'D10.477.750.750', 'D12.644.050.600.750', 'D12.644.641.780.750', 'D12.776.543.695.054.600.750'], ['G02.111.570.820.709.610'], ['D12.644.276.374.500.800', 'D12.644.276.374.750.626', 'D12.776.124.900', 'D12.776.395.930', 'D12.776.467.374.500.800', 'D12.776.467.374.750.626', 'D23.529.374.500.800', 'D23.529.374.750.626']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Modulation of guanine nucleotide effects on the insulin receptor by MgCl2.
|
Insulin binding to partially purified rat adipocyte insulin receptors is inhibited approximately 40-60 percent by 1 mM GTP-gamma-S in the presence of 2 mM MgCl2. However, in the presence of 10 mM MgCl2, GTP-gamma-S does not inhibit binding. Increasing MgCl2 from 0.5 to 10 mM enhances the phosphorylation of calmodulin catalyzed by the insulin receptor but also reduces the inhibition seen with 500 microM GTP-gamma-S. The reversal of the GTP-gamma-S-induced inhibition of calmodulin phosphorylation by high concentrations of MgCl2 appears to be due to an effect on the calmodulin molecule since MgCl2 has little effect on the inhibition of phosphorylation of histone Hf2b or poly (Glu4, Tyr1) induced by GTP-gamma-S. Our data suggest that there are at least two GTP-binding proteins associated with the insulin receptor, one that regulates insulin binding and is modulated by MgCl2 and one that regulates substrate phosphorylation and/or receptor-substrate coupling and is not altered by MgCl2.
|
['Adipose Tissue', 'Animals', 'Calmodulin', 'GTP-Binding Proteins', 'Guanine Nucleotides', "Guanosine 5'-O-(3-Thiotriphosphate)", 'Guanosine Triphosphate', 'Histones', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Insulin', 'Magnesium Chloride', 'Phosphorylation', 'Protein-Tyrosine Kinases', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Strains', 'Receptor, Insulin', 'Thionucleotides']
| 2,118,351
|
[['A10.165.114'], ['B01.050'], ['D12.644.360.372.249', 'D12.776.157.125.412.249', 'D12.776.476.387.249'], ['D08.811.277.040.330.300', 'D12.776.157.325'], ['D03.633.100.759.646.454', 'D13.695.667.454', 'D13.695.827.426'], ['D02.886.765.380', 'D13.695.667.454.504.380', 'D13.695.827.426.504.380', 'D13.695.900.380'], ['D03.633.100.759.646.454.504', 'D13.695.667.454.504', 'D13.695.827.426.504'], ['D12.776.157.687.485', 'D12.776.660.720.485', 'D12.776.664.469'], ['E05.481'], ['D06.472.699.587.200.500.625', 'D12.644.548.586.200.500.625'], ['D01.210.450.150.500', 'D01.524.475'], ['G02.111.665', 'G02.607.780', 'G03.796'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.400.200', 'D12.776.543.750.630.484', 'D12.776.543.750.750.580.300'], ['D02.886.765', 'D13.695.900']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
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Growth and antigen recognition of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes from human breast cancer.
|
In the present study, we isolated tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) from 21 primary solid tumors and tumor-associated lymphocytes (TAL) from 9 malignant effusions, respectively, of breast cancer patients. Significant proliferation and expansion of T cells was observed in 23 of 30 distinct samples. TIL were isolated from primary tumors by either enzymatic digestion or mechanical disruption. The TIL cultures were initiated using OKT3 mAb in the presence of moderate concentrations (25-50 U/ml) of IL-2, followed by 100 U/ml of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha. TAL were not stimulated with OKT3 mAb, but all were successfully expanded in culture in the presence of IL-2 alone or together with TNF-alpha. Seven of nine distinct TAL grew in culture as predominantly CD4+ lines. In contrast, only 14 of 21 (66%) of primary breast TIL expanded in culture and were predominantly of CD8+ phenotype. Autologous tumor lysis was observed in seven of eight cases tested. Only one of the four TIL tested and one of the four TAL tested preferentially lysed autologous tumor. HER-2 peptide E75 (369-377) was recognized by two TIL lines of the five primary TIL tested and three of the four TAL tested. This suggests that E75 may be recognized by primary breast tumors. This may be of interest in developing vaccine strategies for therapeutic management of breast cancer.
|
['Antigen-Antibody Reactions', 'Breast Neoplasms', 'Cell Division', 'Epitopes', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Immunophenotyping', 'Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating', 'Pleural Effusion, Malignant', 'Receptor, ErbB-2', 'Tumor Cells, Cultured']
| 9,712,369
|
[['G12.122'], ['C04.588.180', 'C17.800.090.500'], ['G04.144.220', 'G04.161.750.500', 'G05.113', 'G07.345.249.410.750.500'], ['D23.050.550'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.812.447', 'E05.200.812.447', 'E05.478.594.450'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.650', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.650', 'A15.382.490.555.567.650'], ['C04.588.894.797.640.700', 'C08.528.652.700', 'C08.528.694.700', 'C08.785.640.700'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.400.009.400', 'D12.776.543.750.630.009.400', 'D12.776.543.750.750.400.074.400', 'D12.776.624.664.700.642', 'D23.050.301.500.600.700', 'D23.050.705.552.600.550', 'D23.101.140.642'], ['A11.251.860']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Pathogenesis of schizophrenic delusions and hallucinations: a neural model.
|
We implement and study a computational model of Stevens' theory of the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. This theory hypothesizes that the onset of schizophrenia is associated with reactive synaptic regeneration in brain regions that receive degenerating temporal lobe projections. Concentrating on one such area, the frontal cortex, we model a frontal module as an associative memory neural network whose input synapses represent incoming temporal projections. Modeling Stevens' hypothesized pathological synaptic changes in this framework results in adverse side effects similar to hallucinations and delusions seen in schizophrenia: spontaneous, stimulus-independent retrieval of stored memories focused on just a few of the stored patterns. These could account for the delusions and hallucinations that occur in schizophrenia without any apparent external trigger and for their tendency to concentrate on a few central cognitive and perceptual themes. The model explains why the positive symptoms of schizophrenia tend to wane as the disease progresses, why delayed therapeutic intervention leads to a much slower response, and why delusions and hallucinations may persist for a long time when they do occur.
|
['Brain', 'Brain Mapping', 'Delusions', 'Frontal Lobe', 'Hallucinations', 'Humans', 'Mental Recall', 'Models, Neurological', 'Nerve Degeneration', 'Nerve Net', 'Nerve Regeneration', 'Neural Networks, Computer', 'Neural Pathways', 'Psychiatric Status Rating Scales', 'Schizophrenia', 'Schizophrenic Psychology', 'Synapses', 'Temporal Lobe']
| 8,685,653
|
[['A08.186.211'], ['E01.370.350.578.875.500', 'E01.370.376.537.625.500', 'E05.629.875.500'], ['F01.145.126.200'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.270'], ['C10.597.606.762.300', 'C23.888.592.604.764.300', 'F01.700.750.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F02.463.425.540.641'], ['E05.599.395.642'], ['C23.550.737'], ['A08.511'], ['G11.561.585', 'G16.762.611'], ['G17.485', 'L01.224.050.375.605'], ['A08.612'], ['F04.711.513.653'], ['F03.700.750'], ['F04.824'], ['A08.850', 'A11.284.149.165.420.780'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.863']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Temporal trends in the treatment of over 1.5 million patients with myocardial infarction in the US from 1990 through 1999: the National Registry of Myocardial Infarction 1, 2 and 3.
|
OBJECTIVES: We sought to determine trends in the treatment of myocardial infarction from 1990 through 1999 in the U.S. and to relate these trends to current guidelines.BACKGROUND: Limited data are available to show how recent clinical trials and clinical guidelines have impacted treatment of myocardial infarction.METHODS: Temporal trends in myocardial infarction treatment and outcome were assessed by using data from 1,514,292 patients in the National Registry of Myocardial Infarction (NRMI) 1, 2 and 3 from 1990 through 1999.RESULTS: During this interval, the use of intravenous thrombolytic therapy declined from 34.3% to 20.8%, but the use of primary angioplasty increased from 2.4% to 7.3% (both p = 0.0001). The median "door-to-drug" time among thrombolytic therapy recipients fell from 61.8 to 37.8 min (p = 0.0001), primarily owing to shorter "door-to-data" and "data-to-decision" times. The prevalence of non-Q wave infarctions increased from 45% in 1994 to 63% in 1999 (p = 0.0001). From 1994 through 1999, there was increased usage of beta-blockers, aspirin and angiotensin-converting inhibitors, both during the first 24 h after admission and on hospital discharge (all p = 0.0001). Between 1990 and 1999, the median duration of hospital stay fell from 8.3 to 4.3 days, and hospital mortality declined from 11.2% to 9.4% (both p = 0.0001).CONCLUSIONS: The NRMI data from 1990 through 1999 demonstrate that the recommendations of recent clinical trials and published guidelines are being implemented, resulting in more rapid administration of intravenous thrombolytic therapy, increasing use of primary angioplasty and more frequent use of adjunctive therapies known to reduce mortality, and may be contributing to the higher prevalence of non-Q wave infarctions, shorter hospital stays and lower hospital mortality.
|
['Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary', 'Coronary Artery Bypass', 'Humans', 'Length of Stay', 'Myocardial Infarction', 'Myocardial Reperfusion', "Practice Patterns, Physicians'", 'Registries', 'Thrombolytic Therapy', 'Treatment Outcome', 'United States']
| 11,127,441
|
[['E02.148.050.060.100', 'E04.100.376.719.100', 'E04.100.814.529.124.060.100', 'E04.100.814.529.968.050', 'E04.502.382.124.060.100', 'E04.502.382.968.050', 'E04.928.220.520.100', 'E05.157.016.060.100'], ['E04.100.376.719.332', 'E04.100.814.868.750', 'E04.928.220.520.220'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.760.400.480', 'N02.421.585.400.480'], ['C14.280.647.500', 'C14.907.585.500', 'C23.550.513.355.750', 'C23.550.717.489.750'], ['E04.100.700.600', 'E05.680.730.600'], ['N04.590.374.577', 'N05.300.625'], ['E05.318.308.970', 'N04.452.859.819', 'N05.715.360.300.715.700', 'N06.850.520.308.970'], ['E02.319.913'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
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