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Penetration of mucoadhesive chitosan-dextran sulfate nanoparticles into the porcine cornea.
|
Topical application of drugs to the eyes suffers from poor bioavailability at the ocular surface and in the anterior chamber. This is due to rapid clearance of the drug because of tear secretion and outflow. This study has investigated mucoadhesive and penetration characteristics of chitosan-dextran sulfate nanoparticles (CDNs), prepared by polyelectrolyte complexation technique, following topical administration to the ocular surface. Topical FITC-labeled CDNs (FCDNs; mean size of 400nm and a surface charge of +48mV) were retained on the porcine ocular surface for more than 4h. Topical FCDNs were partially endocytosed into porcine corneal epithelial cells via a clathrin-dependent pathway. After 6h of topical FCDNs, particles accumulated in the corneal epithelium but not found in the corneal stroma. When epithelium was removed, FCDNs penetrated the stroma. Thus, CDNs are potentially useful for drug/gene delivery to the ocular surface and to stroma when epithelium is damaged.
|
['Administration, Topical', 'Animals', 'Biological Availability', 'Chitosan', 'Corneal Stroma', 'Dextran Sulfate', 'Dextrans', 'Drug Carriers', 'Endocytosis', 'Epithelial Cells', 'Epithelium, Corneal', 'Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate', 'Fluorescent Dyes', 'Nanoparticles', 'Primary Cell Culture', 'Staining and Labeling', 'Swine']
| 27,771,493
|
[['E02.319.267.120'], ['B01.050'], ['G03.787.151', 'G07.690.725.129'], ['D05.750.078.139.500', 'D09.698.211.500'], ['A09.371.060.217.228'], ['D09.698.365.272.300'], ['D05.750.078.562.272', 'D09.698.365.272'], ['D26.255.260', 'E02.319.300.380'], ['G04.417'], ['A11.436'], ['A09.371.060.217.325', 'A10.272.510'], ['D02.455.426.779.347.400', 'D02.500.375.250', 'D02.886.250.250', 'D03.633.300.953.275.400', 'D04.711.347.400'], ['D27.720.233.348', 'D27.720.470.410.505.500'], ['J01.637.512.600'], ['E01.370.225.500.223.500', 'E05.200.500.265.500', 'E05.242.223.500', 'E05.481.500.249.500'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.670', 'E01.370.225.750.600.670', 'E05.200.500.620.670', 'E05.200.750.600.670'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.880']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
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| 0
| 0
|
Aromatase inhibitors--gene discovery.
|
Microarray analysis of tumour RNA is an extremely powerful tool which allows global gene expression to be measured. When used in combination with neoadjuvant treatment protocols in which therapy is given with the primary tumour within the breast, sequential biopsies may be analysed and results correlated with clinical and pathological response. In the present study, a neoadjuvant protocol has been used, administering the third generation inhibitor, letrozole, for 3 months and subjecting RNA extracted from biopsies taken before and after 10-14 days of treatment to microarray analysis. The objectives were to discover: (i) genes that change with estrogen deprivation (the only known biological effect of letrozole is to inhibit aromatase activity and reduce endogenous estrogens in postmenopausal women) and (ii) genes whose basal, on treatment or change in expression differ between tumours which are either responsive or resistant to treatment (so that predictive indices of response/resistance may be developed). Early changes in gene expression were identified by comparing paired tumour core biopsies taken before and after 14 days treatment in 58 patients using three different approaches based on frequency of changes, magnitude of changes and SAM analysis. All three approaches showed a greater number of genes were down-regulated than up-regulated. Merging of the data produced a total of 143 genes which were subject to gene ontology and cluster analysis. The ontology of the 91 down-regulated genes showed that they were functionally associated with cell cycle progression, particularly mitosis. In contrast, up-regulated genes were associated with organ development and extra-cellular matrix turnover and regulation. Clinical response was assessable in 52 patients; 37 (71%) tumours were classified as clinical responders (>50% reduction in volume at 3 months). Microarray analysis of pre- and 14-day biopsies identified 291 covariates (84 baselines, 72 14-day and 135 changes) highly predictive of response status. A similarity matrix using the covariates showed responding tumours have a similar genetic profile which was dissimilar to non-responding cancers whereas non-responsive cases were distinctive from each other. Changed genes predicting for response showed no concordance with those changed significantly by treatment in the overall group.
|
['Aromatase Inhibitors', 'Breast Neoplasms', 'Cluster Analysis', 'Databases, Nucleic Acid', 'Female', 'Gene Expression Profiling', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic', 'Humans', 'Postmenopause']
| 17,616,392
|
[['D27.505.519.389.870.300', 'D27.505.696.399.450.327.149', 'D27.505.696.399.450.855.300'], ['C04.588.180', 'C17.800.090.500'], ['E05.318.740.250', 'N05.715.360.750.200', 'N06.850.520.830.250'], ['L01.313.500.750.300.188.400.300.500', 'L01.313.500.750.300.188.400.325.630', 'L01.470.750.750.300.500', 'L01.470.750.750.325.630'], ['E05.393.332'], ['G05.308.370'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G08.686.157.500.625', 'G08.686.841.249.500.625']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Seagrass ecosystems in the Western Indian Ocean.
|
Seagrasses are marine angiosperms widely distributed in both tropical and temperate coastal waters creating one of the most productive aquatic ecosystems on earth. In the Western Indian Ocean (WIO) region, with its 13 reported seagrass species, these ecosystems cover wide areas of near-shore soft bottoms through the 12 000 km coastline. Seagrass beds are found intertidally as well as subtidally, sometimes down to about 40 m, and do often occur in close connection to coral reefs and mangroves. Due to the high primary production and a complex habitat structure, seagrass beds support a variety of benthic, demersal and pelagic organisms. Many fish and shellfish species, including those of commercial interest, are attracted to seagrass habitats for foraging and shelter, especially during their juvenile life stages. Examples of abundant and widespread fish species associated to seagrass beds in the WIO belong to the families Apogonidae, Blenniidae, Centriscidae, Gerreidae, Gobiidae, Labridae, Lethrinidae Lutjanidae, Monacanthidae, Scaridae, Scorpaenidae, Siganidae, Syngnathidae and Teraponidae. Consequently, seagrass ecosystems in the WIO are valuable resources for fisheries at both local and regional scales. Still, seagrass research in the WIO is scarce compared to other regions and it is mainly focusing on botanic diversity and ecology. This article reviews the research status of seagrass beds in the WIO with particular emphasis on fish and fisheries. Most research on this topic has been conducted along the East African coast, i.e. in Kenya, Tanzania, Mozambique and eastern South Africa, while less research was carried out in Somalia and the Island States of the WIO (Seychelles, Comoros, Reunion (France), Mauritius and Madagascar). Published papers on seagrass fish ecology in the region are few and mainly descriptive. Hence, there is a need of more scientific knowledge in the form of describing patterns and processes through both field and experimental work. Quantitative seagrass fish community studies in the WIO such as the case study presented in this paper are negligible, but necessitated for the perspective of fisheries management. It is also highlighted that the pressure on seagrass beds in the region is increasing due to growing coastal populations and human disturbance from e.g. pollution, eutrophication, sedimentation, fishing activities and collection of invertebrates, and its effect are little understood. Thus, there is a demand for more research that will generate information useful for sustainable management of seagrass ecosystems in the WIO.
|
['Animals', 'Anthozoa', 'Avicennia', 'Ecosystem', 'Environmental Monitoring', 'Eutrophication', 'Fisheries', 'Fishes', 'Geologic Sediments', 'Humans', 'Indian Ocean', 'Invertebrates', 'Poaceae', 'Population Dynamics', 'Water Pollution']
| 12,572,827
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.500.308.237'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.583.040.522'], ['G16.500.275.157', 'N06.230.124'], ['N06.850.460.350.080', 'N06.850.780.375'], ['G16.500.285'], ['J01.040.168.300', 'J03.540.280'], ['B01.050.150.900.493'], ['G01.311.330', 'G16.500.320'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.756.342'], ['B01.050.500'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.822'], ['I01.240.600', 'N01.224.625', 'N06.850.505.400.700'], ['N06.850.460.790']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Use of Screening Mammography to Detect Occult Malignancy in Autologous Breast Reconstructions: A 15-year Experience.
|
Purpose To examine how often screening mammography depicts clinically occult malignancy in breast reconstruction with autologous myocutaneous flaps (AMFs). Materials and Methods Between January 1, 2000, and July 15, 2015, the authors retrospectively identified 515 women who had undergone mammography of 618 AMFs and who had at least 1 year of clinical follow-up. Of the 618 AMFs, 485 (78.5%) were performed after mastectomy for cancer and 133 (21.5%) were performed after prophylactic mastectomy. Medical records were used to determine the frequency, histopathologic characteristics, presentation, time to recurrence, and detection modality of malignancy. Cancer detection rate (CDR), sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and false-positive biopsy rate were calculated. Results An average of 6.7 screening mammograms (range, 1-16) were obtained over 15.5 years. The frequency of local-regional recurrence (LRR) was 3.9% (20 of 515 women; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.2%, 5.6%); all LRRs were invasive, and none were detected in the breast mound after prophylactic mastectomy. Of the 20 women with LRR, 13 (65%) were screened annually before the diagnosis. Seven of those 13 women (54%) had clinically occult LRR, and mammography depicted five. Five of the six clinically evident recurrences (83%) were interval cancers. The median time between reconstruction and first recurrence was 4.4 years (range, 0.8-16.2 years). The CDR per AMF was 1.5 per 1000 screening mammograms (five of 3358; 95% CI: 0.18, 2.8) after mastectomy for cancer and 0 of 1000 examinations (0 of 805 mammograms; 95% CI: 0, 5) after prophylactic mastectomy. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and false-positive biopsy rate were 42% (five of 12), 99.4% (4125 of 4151), 16% (five of 31), and 0.6% (26 of 4151), respectively. Conclusion The CDR of screening mammography (1.5 per 1000 screening mammograms) of the AMF after mastectomy for cancer is comparable to that for one native breast of an age-matched woman. Screening mammography adds little value after prophylactic mastectomy. © RSNA, 2018.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Breast', 'Breast Neoplasms', 'Early Detection of Cancer', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Mammaplasty', 'Mammography', 'Mass Screening', 'Middle Aged', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Young Adult']
| 30,129,903
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['A01.236'], ['C04.588.180', 'C17.800.090.500'], ['E01.390.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.218.565', 'E04.680.500'], ['E01.370.350.700.500'], ['E01.370.500', 'E05.318.308.980.438.580', 'N02.421.726.233.443', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.580', 'N06.850.780.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
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|
Fatty acid transfer from Yarrowia lipolytica sterol carrier protein 2 to phospholipid membranes.
|
Sterol carrier protein 2 (SCP2) is an intracellular protein domain found in all forms of life. It was originally identified as a sterol transfer protein, but was recently shown to also bind phospholipids, fatty acids, and fatty-acyl-CoA with high affinity. Based on studies carried out in higher eukaryotes, it is believed that SCP2 targets its ligands to compartmentalized intracellular pools and participates in lipid traffic, signaling, and metabolism. However, the biological functions of SCP2 are incompletely characterized and may be different in microorganisms. Herein, we demonstrate the preferential localization of SCP2 of Yarrowia lipolytica (YLSCP2) in peroxisome-enriched fractions and examine the rate and mechanism of transfer of anthroyloxy fatty acid from YLSCP2 to a variety of phospholipid membranes using a fluorescence resonance energy transfer assay. The results show that fatty acids are transferred by a collision-mediated mechanism, and that negative charges on the membrane surface are important for establishing a "collisional complex". Phospholipids, which are major constituents of peroxisome and mitochondria, induce special effects on the rates of transfer. In conclusion, YLSCP2 may function as a fatty acid transporter with some degree of specificity, and probably diverts fatty acids to the peroxisomal metabolism.
|
['Carrier Proteins', 'Circular Dichroism', 'Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay', 'Escherichia coli', 'Fatty Acids', 'Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer', 'Phospholipids', 'Protein Binding', 'Protein Structure, Secondary', 'Recombinant Proteins', 'Sodium Chloride', 'Temperature', 'Thermodynamics', 'Unilamellar Liposomes', 'Water', 'Yarrowia']
| 19,580,762
|
[['D12.776.157'], ['E05.196.867.151'], ['E05.478.566.350.170', 'E05.478.566.380.360', 'E05.478.583.400.170', 'E05.601.470.350.170', 'E05.601.470.380.360'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['D10.251'], ['E05.196.712.516.600.676.500', 'G01.154.240.280', 'G02.111.255.280'], ['D10.570.755'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808'], ['G02.111.570.820.709.600'], ['D12.776.828'], ['D01.210.450.150.875', 'D01.857.650'], ['G01.906.595', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710', 'G16.500.750.775.710', 'N06.230.150.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710'], ['G01.906'], ['D25.479.517.500', 'J01.637.051.479.517.500', 'J01.637.087.500.517.500'], ['D01.045.250.875', 'D01.248.497.158.459.650', 'D01.650.550.925'], ['B01.300.107.795.980', 'B01.300.930.980']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
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|
Modulation of human basophil growth in vitro by xiao-qing-long-tang (syo-seiryu-to), chai-pu-tang (saiboku-to), qing-fei-tang (seihai-to), baicalein and ketotifen.
|
Our previous study showed the inhibitory effect of Qing-Fei-Tang (Q.F.T.) and baicalein on the leukotriene (LT)B4 synthesis of human alveolar macrophages. It has recently been demonstrated that LTs support various cell growth, and basophil and its precursor numbers increase in atopic patients. Therefore, we examined the effect of anti-allergic drugs, including Q.F.T., Xiao-Qing-Long-Tang (X.Q.L.T.), Chai-Pu-Tang (C.P.T.), baicalein and ketotifen which have been used for treatment of bronchial asthma, on human basophil growth in vitro using cord blood mononuclear cells as a basophil precursor source and conditioned medium of T cell leukemia cell line Mo as a growth factor. Two-week cultured basophil numbers identified by alcian blue-safranin staining and those histamine contents assayed fluorometrically were inhibited by Q.F.T. (1.0 mg/ml), X.Q.L.T. (0.01-1.0 mg/ml), C.P.T. (0.01-1.0 mg/ml), baicalein (1-100 microM) or ketotifen (1-100 microM) in a dose-dependent manner while low dose (0.01-0.1 mg/ml) of Q.F.T. showed an enhancing effect on the basophil growth and the histamine content. However, LTB4 or LTC4 failed in restoring the basophil growth reduced by 1 mg/ml of C.P.T. or 100 microM of ketotifen. These results suggest that anti-allergic drugs may modulate basophil growth and differentiation in vitro and/or in vivo and therefore be useful and reasonable for controlling allergic diseases including bronchial asthma.
|
['Basophils', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Drug Interactions', 'Drugs, Chinese Herbal', 'Flavanones', 'Flavonoids', 'Histamine', 'Histamine H1 Antagonists', 'Humans', 'Ketotifen', 'Leukotriene B4', 'SRS-A']
| 2,573,996
|
[['A11.118.637.415.120', 'A11.627.340.120', 'A15.145.229.637.415.120', 'A15.382.490.315.120'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['G07.690.773.968'], ['D20.215.784.500.350', 'D26.335'], ['D03.383.663.283.266.450.252', 'D03.633.100.150.266.450.252'], ['D03.383.663.283.266.450', 'D03.633.100.150.266.450'], ['D02.092.211.215.501', 'D02.092.471.440', 'D03.383.129.308.373', 'D23.469.050.300'], ['D27.505.519.625.375.425.400', 'D27.505.696.577.375.425.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D02.886.778.370', 'D03.383.621.370', 'D03.383.903.370'], ['D10.251.355.255.100.450.411', 'D10.251.355.310.166.887.411', 'D23.469.050.175.450.415'], ['D10.251.355.255.100.450.855', 'D10.251.355.310.166.887.855', 'D23.469.050.175.450.725']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
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The artificial silicon retina in retinitis pigmentosa patients (an American Ophthalmological Association thesis).
|
PURPOSE: In a published pilot study, a light-activated microphotodiode-array chip, the artificial silicon retina (ASR), was implanted subretinally in 6 retinitis pigmentosa (RP) patients for up to 18 months. The ASR electrically induced retinal neurotrophic rescue of visual acuity, contrast, and color perception and raised several questions: (1) Would neurotrophic effects develop and persist in additionally implanted RP patients? (2) Could vision in these patients be reliably assessed? (3) Would the ASR be tolerated and function for extended periods?METHODS: Four additional RP patients were implanted and observed along with the 6 pilot patients. Of the 10 patients, 6 had vision levels that allowed for more standardized testing and were followed up for 7+ years utilizing ETDRS charts and a 4-alternative forced choice (AFC) Chow grating acuity test (CGAT). A 10-AFC Chow color test (CCT) extended the range of color vision testing. Histologic examination of the eyes of one patient, who died of an unrelated event, was performed.RESULTS: The ASR was well tolerated, and improvement and/or slowing of vision loss occurred in all 6 patients. CGAT extended low vision acuity testing by logMAR 0.6. CCT expanded the range of color vision testing and correlated well with PV-16 (r = 0.77). An ASR recovered from a patient 5 years after implantation showed minor disruption and excellent electrical function.CONCLUSION: ASR-implanted RP patients experienced prolonged neurotrophic rescue of vision. CGAT and CCT extended the range of acuity and color vision testing in low vision patients. ASR implantation may improve and prolong vision in RP patients.
|
['Artificial Organs', 'Color Vision', 'Equipment Design', 'Feasibility Studies', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Pilot Projects', 'Retina', 'Retinitis Pigmentosa', 'Silicon', 'Time Factors', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Vision Tests', 'Vision, Low', 'Vision, Ocular', 'Visual Acuity']
| 21,212,852
|
[['E07.858.082'], ['F02.830.816.964.124', 'G11.561.790.964.124', 'G14.935.124'], ['E05.320'], ['E05.318.372.550', 'E05.337.675', 'N05.715.360.330.550', 'N06.850.520.450.550'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.372.750', 'E05.337.737', 'N05.715.360.330.720', 'N06.850.520.450.720'], ['A09.371.729'], ['C11.270.684', 'C11.768.585.658.500', 'C16.320.290.684'], ['D01.268.513.937'], ['G01.910.857'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['E01.370.380.850'], ['C10.597.751.941.905', 'C11.966.905', 'C23.888.592.763.941.848'], ['F02.830.816.964', 'G02.111.820.480.900', 'G04.835.480.900', 'G11.561.790.964', 'G14.935'], ['E01.370.380.850.950', 'F02.463.593.932.901', 'G14.940']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Ultrastructural changes in lactating guinea pig mammary gland slices associated with theophylline inhibition of lactose synthesis.
|
Mammary gland slices from lactating guinea pigs were incubated for periods up to 1 h in 10(-2) M theophylline which completely inhibits lactose synthesis. Ultrastructural comparison with control slices shows a significant increase in the size of the Golgi field involving an apparent back-up of microvesicles. Normally distended Golgi cisternae are flattened and contain fewer, less dense, protein granules. Theophylline decreases by 50% both types of secretory vacuoles present: a compact, 300 nm vacuole containing one 250 nm granule, and a swollen, approximately 700 nm vacuole with one or more granules. Changes in granule shape, density and formation were also observed. The findings suggest that the site where theophylline ingibits lactose synthesis may be in the translocation of substances, from the rough endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi complex, e.g. the specifier protein alpha-lactalbumin which is essential to the lactose synthetase complex. The significance to the role of cyclic nucleotides in lactation is discussed.
|
['Animals', 'Cytoplasmic Granules', 'Female', 'Golgi Apparatus', 'Guinea Pigs', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Lactation', 'Lactose', 'Mammary Glands, Animal', 'Pregnancy', 'Theophylline', 'Vacuoles']
| 753,594
|
[['B01.050'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.500', 'A11.284.430.214.190.875.190.190'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.336'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.550'], ['E05.481'], ['G08.686.523', 'G08.686.702.500'], ['D09.698.629.305.340', 'D09.947.750.340'], ['A10.336.482', 'A13.589'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['D03.132.960.751', 'D03.633.100.759.758.824.751'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.190.920']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The cost of wound debridement: a Canadian perspective.
|
Debridement is integral to wound bed preparation by removing devitalised tissue, foreign material, senescent cells, phenotypically abnormal/dysfunctional cells (cellular burden) and bacteria sequestrum (biofilm). While the body of evidence to substantiate the benefits of debridement is growing, little is known about the cost-effectiveness of each debridement method. The purpose of this analysis was to compare cost-effectiveness of various debridement methods and clinical outcomes to help inform clinicians and policy makers of the cost-effectiveness associated with the various types of therapies and the impact they can have on the Canadian health care system. Results indicated that sharp debridement was the most cost-effective followed by enzymatic debridement method.
|
['Canada', 'Cost-Benefit Analysis', 'Debridement', 'Humans', 'Wound Healing', 'Wounds and Injuries']
| 23,834,451
|
[['Z01.107.567.176'], ['N03.219.151.125'], ['E04.176'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G16.762.891'], ['C26']]
|
['Geographicals [Z]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Hydatid cyst of the craniocervical junction: case report.
|
OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE: Although rare in developed countries, hydatid disease is a serious parasitic infection in endemic areas. Spinal disease most commonly involves the thoracic region, and involvement of the upper cervical spine is extremely rare. In this report, a case of hydatid disease involving the craniocervical junction is presented, along with a review of the literature.CLINICAL PRESENTATION: A 44-year-old man presented with the complaint of neck pain. The results of his physical and neurological examinations were within normal ranges, except for pain exacerbated by neck motion and spasm of the cervical musculature. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a cystic lesion involving the odontoid process and body of C1 and C2, with thin and regular cyst walls and cyst contents similar in intensity to that of cerebrospinal fluid. The results of serological tests performed with the suspected diagnosis of hydatid disease were positive.INTERVENTION: The patient initially underwent surgery to provide stabilization of the craniocervical junction, using autogenous bone graft and sublaminar wiring from the occiput to C3 via a posterior approach. The cyst was approached via a transoral route, using a U-shaped pharyngeal incision. There were no neurological deficits after surgery. Postoperative magnetic resonance imaging scans confirmed complete excision of the cyst, and the patient was discharged on the 12th postoperative day. He received six cycles of albendazole treatment, each consisting of 28 days with an intervening drug-free period of 2 weeks. Magnetic resonance imaging scans performed 1 year after surgery revealed the patient was still disease-free.CONCLUSION: Hydatid disease should be considered in the differential diagnosis of spinal cord compression, especially in endemic areas. Although the chance of obtaining a cure is unlikely, radical surgery coupled with antihelminthic therapy seems to provide long-lasting relief.
|
['Adult', 'Echinococcosis', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Sacrum', 'Spinal Canal', 'Spinal Diseases']
| 15,987,558
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['C01.610.335.190.396'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['A02.835.232.834.717'], ['A02.835.232.834.803'], ['C05.116.900']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
[Extensively drug resistant tuberculosis in Ivory Coast].
|
INTRODUCTION: The emergence of tuberculosis with ultraresistant bacilli (TB-UR or XDR-TB) came to increase the threat concerning the progress realized in tuberculosis control. This observation establishes the only case of XDR-TB documented and published since the beginning of pharmacoresistant tuberculosis management in Ivory Coast from 2000 till 2010. This case was diagnosed in 2005 at a HIV-negative 32-year-old woman, initially declared MDR-TB. Looking forward to a treatment of category IV, she was treated by therapeutic truncated protocols recombining antituberculous molecules to which the patient was still sensitive. This treatment (PAS, cycloserin, ciprofoxacin, ethionamid, ethambutol and kanamycin) was introduced after 9 months of waiting and was completely led in ambulatory under the supervision of a member of the family. The diagnosis of XDR-TB concerned new tests of sensibility spread to second line antituberculous drugs in front of the absence of spits negativation at the end of 14 months of a second line treatment marked by frequent stock shortages. The death arose at M19 of treatment by chronic heart pulmonary.CONCLUSION: XDR-TB remains dark prognosis and is almost synonymic of "death sentence" in our countries with limited resources. The application of the international recommendations for tuberculosis management and better accessibility to antituberculous second line drugs would allow to prevent the appearance of such forms of tuberculosis.
|
['Adult', 'Antitubercular Agents', "Cote d'Ivoire", 'Drug Therapy, Combination', 'Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis', 'Fatal Outcome', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Radiography', 'Tuberculosis, Pulmonary']
| 25,727,655
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D27.505.954.122.085.255'], ['Z01.058.290.190.272'], ['E02.319.310'], ['C01.150.252.410.040.552.846.775.500'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.325', 'N01.224.935.698.201', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.325', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.325'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.700'], ['C01.150.252.410.040.552.846.899', 'C01.748.939', 'C08.381.922', 'C08.730.939']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
The effect of streptomycin and irradiation on rhinoscleroma (electron microscopic study).
|
Irradiation of scleromatous lesions produces its effect by destroying the organisms, whereas Streptomycin improves the mucosal defence mechanisms. A combination of both lines of treatment seems to be indicated for the arrest of the pathological process.
|
['Combined Modality Therapy', 'Humans', 'Microscopy, Electron', 'Nasal Mucosa', 'Rhinoscleroma', 'Streptomycin']
| 3,734,600
|
[['E02.186'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.515.402', 'E05.595.402'], ['A04.531.520', 'A04.760.600', 'A10.615.550.760.600'], ['C01.150.252.400.310.503.500', 'C01.150.252.819.705', 'C01.748.702', 'C01.800.720.705', 'C08.460.850', 'C08.730.702', 'C09.603.850', 'C17.800.838.765.705'], ['D09.408.051.885']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Invasive and noninvasive hemodynamic monitoring of patients with cerebrovascular accidents.
|
Seventeen patients with hemodynamic instability from acute cerebrovascular accidents were evaluated shortly after arrival at the emergency department of a university-run county hospital with both invasive Swan-Ganz pulmonary artery catheter placement and a new, noninvasive, thoracic electrical bioimpedance device. Values were recorded and temporal patterns of survivors and nonsurvivors were described. Cardiac indices obtained simultaneously by the 2 techniques were compared. Of the 17 patients, 11 (65%) died. Survivors had higher values than nonsurvivors for mean arterial pressure, cardiac index, and oxygen saturation, delivery, and consumption at comparable times. Cardiac index values, as measured by invasive and noninvasive methods, were correlated. We concluded that hemodynamic monitoring in an acute care setting may recognize temporal circulatory patterns associated with outcome. Noninvasive electrical bioimpedance technology offers a new method for early hemodynamic evaluation. Further research in this area is warranted.
|
['Aged', 'Analysis of Variance', 'Cerebrovascular Disorders', 'Electric Impedance', 'Evaluation Studies as Topic', 'Female', 'Hemodynamics', 'Humans', 'Linear Models', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Monitoring, Physiologic', 'Oximetry', 'Survival Rate', 'Thermodilution']
| 9,682,626
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['E05.318.740.150', 'N05.715.360.750.125', 'N06.850.520.830.150'], ['C10.228.140.300', 'C14.907.253'], ['G01.358.500.249.277.350'], ['E05.337', 'N05.715.360.335'], ['G09.330.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.740.500.500', 'E05.318.740.750.425', 'E05.599.835.750', 'N05.715.360.750.530.460', 'N05.715.360.750.695.460', 'N06.850.520.830.500.500', 'N06.850.520.830.750.425'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.370.520'], ['E01.370.225.124.100.100.600', 'E01.370.370.380.600', 'E01.370.386.700.100.600', 'E05.200.124.100.100.600'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.900', 'N01.224.935.698.826', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.900', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.900'], ['E05.484.750']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Testosterone-dependent transgene expression in the liver of the CAG-lacZ transgenic rat.
|
Many endogenous gene expressions in the liver are well known to be predominant in males, compared with those of females. In contrast, the fate of hepatic transgene expression between sexes is not fully understood. Here we studied whether sex hormones changed hepatic transgene expression in the ubiquitous CAG promoter-driven lacZ transgenic (Tg) rat. Both sexes of CAG-lacZ Tg rats received gonadectomy. Liver biopsy was taken weekly to determine the change of transgene expression. Histological result of adult males showed mosaic lacZ expression but it was negative in adult females, while livers in neonatal stage showed comparable expression of lacZ. Other organs exhibited equal expression in both sexes. At 2 weeks after castration, lacZ expression in male liver was significantly decreased and became negative after 4 weeks while no significant difference was observed in the lacZ expression pattern in other organs. After ovariectomy, lacZ expression in female liver remained undetectable. Moreover, testosterone treatment to gonadectomized rats of both sexes could enhance lacZ expression in the liver. In summary, we report that CAG-lacZ Tg rats demonstrate sexual dimorphism of transgene expression specifically only in the liver. Testosterone administration mediated upregulation of liver lacZ expression. Our findings suggested that androgen, especially testosterone, plays an important role in the hepatic transgene expression.
|
['Animals', 'Animals, Genetically Modified', 'Female', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Liver', 'Male', 'Orchiectomy', 'Ovariectomy', 'Promoter Regions, Genetic', 'Rats', 'Recombinant Fusion Proteins', 'Sex Factors', 'Testosterone', 'Transgenes', 'beta-Galactosidase']
| 16,355,724
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.050.136', 'B05.620.136'], ['G05.308'], ['A03.620'], ['E04.270.282.679', 'E04.950.165.679', 'E04.950.774.860.618'], ['E04.270.282.685', 'E04.950.165.685', 'E04.950.300.680'], ['G02.111.570.080.689.675', 'G05.360.080.689.675', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.750.680'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['D12.776.828.300'], ['N05.715.350.675', 'N06.850.490.875'], ['D04.210.500.054.079.429.824', 'D06.472.334.851.968.984'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.825'], ['D08.811.277.450.410.100']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Prolactin dynamics and tumour size in the prediction of surgical outcome for prolactinoma.
|
Each of 62 females were studied for a period of between two and 72 months (mean 36 months) following the removal of a prolactinoma by transsphenoidal pituitary surgery. Our aims were to define the relationships between pre- and post-operative features, the operative findings and the functional outcome. Pre-operative serum prolactin (PRL) concentrations correlated with tumour diameter (r = 0.55, p less than 0.001). Following surgery two groups of patients were identified: Group 1, 46 spontaneously and regularly menstruating patients and Group 2, 16 patients with persistent amenorrhoea. The patients in Group 1 had significantly lower pre-operative and post-operative serum (PRL) concentrations (p less than 0.02 and p less than 0.001 respectively) and significantly greater PRL responses to thyrotrophin releasing hormone (TRH) and metoclopramide stimulation after surgery (p less than 0.001). There was not a significant difference in tumour size between the groups. Forty-four (96 per cent) of the patients in Group 1 had normal post-operative serum PRL concentrations within one week of surgery. By comparison (p less than 0.001) only 42 and 20 per cent respectively of Group 1 patients who were tested had normal TRH and metoclopramide evoked PRL secretion following surgery. Return of regular menstruation was associated with cessation of galactorrhoea in 44 patients (96 per cent) and ovulation occurred in 37 of 38 menstruating patients for whom data are available. All patients with normal TRH and metoclopramide stimulation tests menstruated spontaneously. Nevertheless most patients who menstruated did so in spite of retaining suppressed PRL responses. Of 46 patients followed to date whose serum PRL was normal one week after surgery, seven later were found to have an elevation of serum PRL outside the normal range but in only two has this been persistent. We suggest that a single measurement of serum PRL one week following transsphenoidal pituitary surgery for prolactinoma provides a good basis for deciding about the future management of patients who desire menstruation and pregnancy.
|
['Female', 'Humans', 'Menstruation', 'Metoclopramide', 'Pituitary Function Tests', 'Pituitary Neoplasms', 'Postoperative Period', 'Prognosis', 'Prolactin', 'Recurrence', 'Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone']
| 3,920,723
|
[['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G08.686.605.428'], ['D02.065.277.573', 'D02.241.223.100.050.500.647', 'D02.241.223.100.100.510', 'D02.241.223.100.200.750', 'D02.241.223.100.300.350.625', 'D02.241.511.390.350.625', 'D02.455.426.559.389.127.020.937.647', 'D02.455.426.559.389.127.085.510', 'D02.455.426.559.389.127.250.750', 'D02.455.426.559.389.127.281.350.625', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.654.638.625'], ['E01.370.374.605'], ['C04.588.322.609', 'C04.588.614.250.195.885.500.600', 'C10.228.140.211.885.500.600', 'C10.228.140.617.477.600', 'C10.228.140.617.738.675', 'C10.551.240.250.700.500.500', 'C19.344.609', 'C19.700.734'], ['E04.614.750', 'N02.421.585.753.750'], ['E01.789'], ['D06.472.699.322.576.773', 'D06.472.699.631.525.525', 'D12.644.548.691.525.525'], ['C23.550.291.937'], ['D06.472.699.327.740.880', 'D12.644.400.400.740.880', 'D12.644.456.837', 'D12.644.548.365.740.880', 'D12.776.631.650.405.740.880', 'D12.776.631.650.810']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Anaerobic biodegradation of pentachlorophenol in a contaminated soil inoculated with a methanogenic consortium or with Desulfitobacterium frappieri strain PCP-1.
|
Anaerobic biodegradation of pentachlorophenol (PCP) in a contaminated soil from a wood-treating industrial site was studied in soil slurry microcosms inoculated with a PCP-degrading methanogenic consortium. When the microcosms containing 10%-40% (w/v) soil were inoculated with the consortium, more than 90% of the PCP was removed in less than 30 days at 29 degrees C. Less-chlorinated phenols, mainly 3-chlorophenol were slowly degraded and accumulated in the cultures. Addition of glucose and sodium formate to the microcosms was not necessary, suggesting that the organic compounds in the soil can sustain the dechlorinating activity. Inoculation of Desulfitobacterium frappieri strain PCP-1 along with a 3-chlorophenol-degrading consortium in the microcosms also resulted in the rapid dechlorination of PCP and the slow degradation of 3-chlorophenol. Competitive polymerase chain reaction experiments showed that PCP-1 was present at the same level throughout the 21-day biotreatment. D. frappieri, strain PCP-1, inoculated into the soil microcosms, was able to remove PCP from soil containing up to 200 mg PCP/kg soil. However, reinoculation of the strain was necessary to achieve more than 95% PCP removal with a concentration of 300 mg and 500 mg PCP/kg soil. These results demonstrate that D. frappieri strain PCP-1 can be used effectively to dechlorinate PCP to 3-chlorophenol in contaminated soils.
|
['Bacteria, Anaerobic', 'Biodegradation, Environmental', 'Chlorophenols', 'DNA Primers', 'DNA, Bacterial', 'Densitometry', 'Electrophoresis, Agar Gel', 'Formates', 'Glucose', 'Pentachlorophenol', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Sewage', 'Soil Microbiology', 'Wood']
| 9,720,209
|
[['B03.130'], ['N06.230.080.600.500', 'N06.850.460.375.500'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.261.190', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.190'], ['D13.695.578.424.450.275', 'D27.720.470.530.600.223.600'], ['D13.444.308.212'], ['E05.196.712.224'], ['E05.196.401.153', 'E05.301.300.100'], ['D02.241.081.420'], ['D09.947.875.359.448'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.657.190.633'], ['E05.393.620.500'], ['D20.944.932.500'], ['H01.158.273.540.274.555', 'N06.850.425.300'], ['A18.450.500.500', 'J01.637.241.900']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Assessment of the H-reflex excitability curve using a cubic spline function.
|
A procedure for modeling H-reflex recovery curve data is described. The procedure involves fitting a cubic spline function to the recorded data points in such a way that the goodness of fit is determined by the standard error of the mean of each point. The cubic spline function possesses numerous advantages over other subjective and objective procedures for extracting information from the excitability curve.
|
['H-Reflex', 'Mathematics', 'Reflex, Monosynaptic']
| 88,326
|
[['G11.561.731.643.474'], ['H01.548'], ['G11.561.731.643']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Prognostic value of electrophysiological markers in Alzheimer's disease.
|
The authors assessed the usefulness of event-related potentials (ERP) and flash visual evoked potentials (FVEP) as prognostic markers in a sample of 25 subjects with probable Alzheimer's disease (AD). ERP and FVEP recordings were obtained from 21 and 23 subjects, respectively. Ranking of the annual rate of change in cognitive scales vs. baseline ERP/FVEP latencies was compared, and those with longer FVEP N(2) component latencies showed slower subsequent rates of decline (tau=0.32; z=2.16; P=0.015), suggesting that further study of FVEP responses as prognostic markers in AD is warranted.
|
['Aged', 'Alzheimer Disease', 'Biomarkers', 'Cognition Disorders', 'Disease Progression', 'Event-Related Potentials, P300', 'Evoked Potentials, Visual', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Prognosis', 'Prospective Studies', 'Psychiatric Status Rating Scales']
| 10,521,167
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['C10.228.140.380.100', 'C10.574.945.249', 'F03.615.400.100'], ['D23.101'], ['F03.615.250'], ['C23.550.291.656'], ['G07.265.216.500.350', 'G11.561.200.500.350'], ['G07.265.216.500.425', 'G11.561.200.500.425', 'G14.330'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.370.800.650', 'N05.715.360.325.700.640', 'N06.850.520.445.800.650'], ['E01.789'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['F04.711.513.653']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Arsenite pretreatment enhances the cytotoxicity of mitomycin C in human cancer cell lines via increased NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1 expression.
|
Arsenic is an effective therapeutic agent for the treatment of patients with refractory or relapsed acute promyelocytic leukemia. The use of arsenic for treating solid tumors, particularly in combination with other chemotherapeutic agents, has been extensively studied. Here, we report that arsenite-resistant human lung cancer CL3R15 cells constitutively overexpress NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), an enzyme responsible for activation of mitomycin C (MMC), and are more susceptible to MMC cytotoxicity than parental CL3 cells. The effects of arsenite pretreatment on NQO1 induction were examined in CL3, H1299, H460, and MC-T2 cells. Arsenite pretreatment significantly enhanced the expression of NQO1 and susceptibility to MMC in CL3, H1299, and MC-T2 cells, but not in H460 cells that express high endogenous levels of NQO1. Alternatively, arsenic pretreatment reduced adriamycin sensitivity of CL3 cells. Arsenite-mediated MMC susceptibility was abrogated by dicumarol (DIC), an NQO1 inhibitor, indicating that NQO1 is one of the key regulators of arsenite-mediated MMC susceptibility. Various cancer cell lines showed different basal levels of NQO1 activity and a different capacity for NQO1 induction in response to arsenite treatment. However, overall, there was a positive correlation between induced NQO1 activity and MMC susceptibility in cells pretreated with various doses of arsenite. These results suggest that arsenite may increase NQO1 activity and thus enhance the antineoplastic activity of MMC. In addition, our results also showed that inhibition of NQO1 activity by DIC reversed the arsenite resistance of CL3R15 cells.
|
['Antineoplastic Agents', 'Arsenites', 'Blotting, Northern', 'Blotting, Western', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Cell Survival', 'Drug Resistance, Neoplasm', 'Drug Synergism', 'Humans', 'Mitomycin', 'NAD(P)H Dehydrogenase (Quinone)']
| 16,494,910
|
[['D27.505.954.248'], ['D01.075.050', 'D01.248.497.158.055'], ['E05.196.401.095', 'E05.301.300.074', 'E05.601.100'], ['E05.196.401.143', 'E05.301.300.096', 'E05.478.566.320.200', 'E05.601.262', 'E05.601.470.320.200'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['G04.346'], ['G07.690.773.984.395'], ['G07.690.773.968.477'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D02.806.400.249.350', 'D03.383.097.500.350', 'D03.633.100.473.412.249.350'], ['D08.811.682.608.800.500']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Discordance of SSA/Ro and SSB/La cellular antigens in synchronized cells.
|
SSA/Ro and SSB/La are soluble cellular proteins to which antibodies are frequently produced in patients with Sj?gren's syndrome and systemic lupus erythematosus. In this investigation, we examined anti-SSA/Ro and anti-SSB/La staining patterns on synchronized WiL2 cells and mixed lymphocyte culture cells using monospecific antisera. In addition to its presence in the nucleoplasm, the SSB/La antigen was highly concentrated in the nucleolus of cells during the late G1 and early S phase and is thus cell cycle-related. In contrast, the SSA/Ro antigen was found to be independent of cell cycle, showing a nuclear speckled pattern in all phases. Blocking experiments indicated that free SSB/La is responsible for the nucleolar staining, whereas the combination of both SSA/Ro and SSB/La determines the nucleoplasmic speckled staining pattern.
|
['Antibodies, Antinuclear', 'Antibody Specificity', 'Autoantigens', 'Binding, Competitive', 'Cell Compartmentation', 'Cell Cycle', 'Cell Line', 'Fluorescent Antibody Technique', 'Humans', 'Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic', 'RNA, Small Cytoplasmic', 'Ribonucleoproteins', "Sjogren's Syndrome"]
| 3,531,358
|
[['D12.776.124.486.485.114.323.204', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.323.204', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.323.204'], ['G12.100'], ['D23.050.422'], ['E05.196.080', 'G02.111.084', 'G02.111.570.120.309'], ['G04.128'], ['G04.144'], ['A11.251.210'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512.240', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512.240', 'E05.200.500.607.512.240', 'E05.200.750.551.512.240', 'E05.478.583.375'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C17.300.480', 'C20.111.590'], ['D13.444.735.790.552.750'], ['D12.776.157.725.500', 'D12.776.664.962.500'], ['C05.550.114.154.774', 'C05.799.114.774', 'C07.465.815.929.669', 'C11.496.260.719', 'C17.300.775.099.774', 'C20.111.199.774']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Ruptured dissecting aneurysm in bilateral iliac arteries caused by Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type IV: report of a case.
|
Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS) is an inherited disorder of connective tissue characterized by hyperextensible skin, hypermobile joints, and abnormalities of the cardiovascular system. Ten types and several subtypes of EDS have so far been recognized based on genetic, clinical, and biochemical characteristics. The spectrum of the disorder varies from mild to life-threatening vascular complications. EDS type IV is a particularly dangerous form with a lethal spontaneous rupture of the major arteries and aneurysmal formation. We present herein a case of a ruptured dissecting aneurysm in the bilateral iliac arteries caused by EDS type IV. A previously healthy 33-year-old man without any physical features of this connective tissue disorder experienced a metachronous vascular rupture two times. Successful synthetic bypass grafting was performed with great difficulty. The diagnosis of EDS type IV was made afterwards based on an electrophoresis analysis of a skin biopsy specimen which revealed a lack of type III collagen. Surgical intervention in cases of arterial complications in EDS type IV patients have been reported to be both difficult and frequently unsuccessful. The early clinical recognition of this syndrome is therefore of great importance due to the hazards of such surgical therapies.
|
['Adult', 'Aneurysm, Dissecting', 'Aneurysm, Ruptured', 'Biopsy', 'Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation', 'Diagnosis, Differential', 'Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome', 'Humans', 'Iliac Aneurysm', 'Male', 'Skin']
| 11,213,052
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['C14.907.055.050'], ['C14.907.055.185'], ['E01.370.225.500.384.100', 'E01.370.225.998.054', 'E01.370.388.100', 'E04.074', 'E05.200.500.384.100', 'E05.200.998.054', 'E05.242.384.100'], ['E04.100.814.868.500', 'E04.650.200'], ['E01.171'], ['C14.907.454.240', 'C15.378.463.515.240', 'C16.131.831.428', 'C16.320.850.260', 'C17.300.200.310', 'C17.800.804.428', 'C17.800.827.260'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C14.907.055.625'], ['A17.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Downregulation of P-gp, Ras and p-ERK1/2 contributes to the arsenic trioxide-induced reduction in drug resistance towards doxorubicin in gastric cancer cell lines.
|
Multidrug resistance (MDR) to doxorubicin (DOX) limits its effectiveness against tumor cells. Arsenic trioxide (As2O3) has been reported to reduce MDR in various types of cancer, but the mechanisms involving Ras and p-glycoprotein (P-gp) remain to be fully elucidated. The objectives of the present study were to evaluate As2O3 in reversing MDR to DOX, and to identify the association in antitumor activities between the effectiveness of DOX and Ras/phosphorylated (p‑) extracellular signal‑regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 signaling in SGC7901/ADM and SGC7901/S human gastric cancer cell lines. Cytotoxicity and sensitivity towards As2O3 were assessed using non‑toxic and mildly‑toxic concentrations (0.1 and 0.5 µM, respectively). The reversing effect of As2O3 on MDR was investigated prior to and following treatment with a cytokine activation of the recombinant human granulocyte colony stimulating factor ERK pathway. The SGC7901/ADM and SGC7901/S cells had the same sensitivity to As2O3. The SGC7901/ADM cells were resistant to DOX and As2O3 treatment reduced the level of resistance to DOX (P<0.01). The expression of P‑glycoprotein (P-gp) in the SGC7901/ADM cells was higher than in the SGC7901/S cells (P<0.001). As2O3 treatment decreased the levels of P‑gp in a time‑ and dose‑dependent manner (P<0.01). The expression of Ras was higher in the SGC7901/ADM cells than in the SGC7901/S cells, while the expression of p‑ERK1/2 remained the same. As2O3 decreased the levels of Ras and p‑ERK1/2 (P<0.01). Following pretreatment with rhG‑CSF, the levels of Ras and p‑ERK1/2 were further decreased (P<0.01). Drug‑resistant gastric cancer cells had higher expression levels of P‑gp and Ras, but not of p‑ERK1/2. Non‑ and mildly‑toxic doses of As2O3 reduced MDR to DOX through Ras/p-ERK1/2 signaling.
|
['ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1', 'Antineoplastic Agents', 'Arsenic Trioxide', 'Arsenicals', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Down-Regulation', 'Doxorubicin', 'Drug Resistance, Multiple', 'Drug Resistance, Neoplasm', 'Gastric Mucosa', 'Humans', 'MAP Kinase Signaling System', 'Oxides', 'Stomach', 'Stomach Neoplasms', 'ras Proteins']
| 26,459,009
|
[['D12.776.157.530.100.075.063', 'D12.776.157.530.450.074.500.500.250.125', 'D12.776.395.550.020.400.153', 'D12.776.543.550.192.400.153', 'D12.776.543.585.100.200.125', 'D12.776.543.585.450.074.500.500.250.125'], ['D27.505.954.248'], ['D01.075.038', 'D01.650.550.125'], ['D01.075', 'D02.129'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['G02.111.240', 'G05.308.200', 'G07.690.773.937'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.562.050.200.175', 'D04.615.562.050.200.175', 'D09.408.051.059.200.175'], ['G07.690.773.984.300'], ['G07.690.773.984.395'], ['A03.556.875.875.440', 'A10.615.550.291'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G02.111.820.560', 'G03.493.560', 'G04.835.560'], ['D01.248.497.158.685', 'D01.650.550'], ['A03.556.875.875'], ['C04.588.274.476.767', 'C06.301.371.767', 'C06.405.249.767', 'C06.405.748.789'], ['D08.811.277.040.330.300.400.500', 'D12.644.360.525.500', 'D12.776.157.325.515.500', 'D12.776.476.525.500']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Carpal tunnel syndrome in cutaneous connective tissue disease: generalized morphea, lichen sclerosus, fasciitis, discoid lupus erythematosus, and lupus panniculitis.
|
Carpal tunnel syndrome developed concurrently with cutaneous connective tissue disease in five patients. The skin lesions varied from morphea, lichen sclerosus, fasciitis, and discoid lupus erythematosus to lupus panniculitis. Variable and transitory serologic and direct immunofluorescent findings were noted. In two cases, surgical specimens from carpal tunnel operations had lymphoid nodules. Treatment of the cutaneous connective tissue syndrome (antimalarials, four cases; corticosteroids, two cases) brought healing of the carpal tunnel syndrome as well as improvement of the skin lesions.
|
['Adult', 'Carpal Tunnel Syndrome', 'Fasciitis', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hydroxychloroquine', 'Lupus Erythematosus, Discoid', 'Middle Aged', 'Panniculitis, Nodular Nonsuppurative', 'Prednisone', 'Scleroderma, Localized']
| 7,108,001
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['C10.668.829.500.500.200', 'C10.668.829.550.200', 'C26.844.150.206'], ['C05.321'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D03.633.100.810.050.180.350'], ['C17.300.475.479', 'C17.800.480.479'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C17.300.710.500', 'C17.800.566.500'], ['D04.210.500.745.432.719.702'], ['C17.300.787', 'C17.800.767']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Intestinal absorption of colostral lymphoid cells in newborn piglets.
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Intestinal absorption of colostral lymphoid cells was studied in 23 piglets of four sows (sows A, B, C and D). From the colostrum and blood of the sows the lymphoid cells were isolated with Ficoll-Paque and labelled with technetium (Na99mTcO4). In the 7th hour after birth, 5-ml volumes of the cell suspensions were injected, following laparotomy, directly into the stomach (piglets of sow A) or into the jejunum (piglets of sow B), whereas piglets of sows C and D received the suspensions through a naso-oesophageal tube. Cryostat sections of duodenum, jejunum and lymph node samples of piglets killed by bleeding 8 h after the treatment were examined by autoradiography. It was found that lymphoid cells present in the colostrum of a piglet's own mother were absorbed from the digestive tract and, via the lymphatic vessels, were transported to the mesenteric lymph nodes. Electron microscopy revealed that absorption took place intercellularly. Colostral cells of sows other than a piglet's own mother were observed only in the epithelial layer of the mucous membrane. The lymphoid cells isolated from the sows' blood and heat-treated colostral lymphoid cells were not absorbed. The results indicate that in the pig, an animal having an epitheliochorial placenta, the colostral lymphoid cells are absorbed from the digestive tract and, hence, they can confer an active cellular immunity on the newborn piglets.
|
['Animals', 'Animals, Newborn', 'Colostrum', 'Duodenum', 'Female', 'Immunity, Maternally-Acquired', 'Intestinal Absorption', 'Jejunum', 'Lymph Nodes', 'Lymphocytes', 'Male', 'Swine']
| 3,238,920
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.050.282'], ['A12.200.194'], ['A03.556.124.684.124', 'A03.556.875.249'], ['G12.450.570'], ['G03.015.500.374.500', 'G03.787.024.500.374.500', 'G07.203.650.372.500', 'G07.690.725.015.500.374.500', 'G10.261.353.500'], ['A03.556.124.684.500', 'A03.556.249.750'], ['A10.549.400', 'A15.382.520.604.412'], ['A11.118.637.555.567', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567', 'A15.382.490.555.567'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.880']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Hand coordination following capsular stroke.
|
Motor outcome following stroke of the internal capsule is variable and its determinants are poorly understood. While many patients fully regain their abilities, recovery of motor functions remains incomplete in others. We analysed functional motor tasks of the upper limb to determine the pattern of focal disability after a small infarct of the internal capsule ('pure motor stroke') in the chronic stage (mean 2.4 years after stroke) with kinematic recordings of a reaching-to-grasp movement, with a quantitative analysis of the precision grip, and with clinical rating scales. The location of the lesions within the posterior limb of the internal capsule (PLIC) in 18 patients was determined from neuroimages obtained in the acute stage (5-20 days after the insult). Involvement of the PLIC was assessed at the level of the basal ganglia, approximately 8 mm above the anterior commissure-posterior commissure level. The distance between the posterior edge of the internal capsule and the centre of gravity of the lesion was determined. Chronic disabilities affected dextrous movements, while paresis was mild and sensitivity for light touch or passive finger flexion was almost normal. For both the reaching-to-grasp movement and the precision grip paradigm, the slowness of movement or force development was confined to the phases when grip formation and stabilization occur, while the onset of hand transport and of the vertical lifting force were not delayed. Grip forces were increased. We observed a close correlation between posterior location within the PLIC and the altered measures of timing and precision grip force. The more posterior the acute lesion was located within the PLIC, the more pronounced were the chronic motor deficits, as seen both in the quantitative measures and in the rating scales. The present study demonstrates for the first time that the amount and quality of chronic motor deficits of dextrous movements are related to a simple measure drawn from routine neuroimaging in the acute stage in patients with capsular stroke. The poor motor outcome in lesions involving the most posterior parts of the PLIC could be due to the condensed organization of corticofugal projections and the density of pyramidal fibres from the primary motor cortex in this subsector. Even small infarcts of this strategic area can disrupt many of the projections from the motor cortices and could thereby limit recovery strategies between homolateral motor representations.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Biomechanical Phenomena', 'Chronic Disease', 'Female', 'Hand', 'Hand Strength', 'Humans', 'Internal Capsule', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Motor Activity', 'Movement Disorders', 'Paresis', 'Psychomotor Performance', 'Stroke']
| 15,471,902
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['G01.154.090', 'G01.374.089'], ['C23.550.291.500'], ['A01.378.800.667'], ['E01.370.600.425.500', 'G11.427.560.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.385', 'A08.612.435'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['F01.145.632', 'G11.427.410.698'], ['C10.228.662'], ['C10.597.636', 'C23.888.592.643'], ['F02.808', 'G11.427.700', 'G11.561.660'], ['C10.228.140.300.775', 'C14.907.253.855']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Endobronchial Ultrasound Bronchoscope Damage.
|
Endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS)-guided transbronchial needle aspiration is an effective, safe, and cost-effective diagnostic bronchoscopy technique for the work-up of mediastinal lymphadenopathy. Concern has been raised, however, about the high cost of convex-probe EBUS bronchoscope repairs. The damage is usually due to breakage of the insertion tube (the flexible part that is advanced into the airways), moisture invasion and damages to the working channel, image guide bundle, or umbilical cord. Understanding the root cause of EBUS scope damage is important for its prevention. We describe 2 unusual cases of EBUS scope damage. In the first case, the distal black rubber covering of the EBUS scope insertion tube was damaged due to friction with the edge of an endotracheal tube and in the second case, the EBUS scope insertion tube was angulating laterally instead of vertically during the flexion maneuver, probably due to scope manipulation while wedged tightly in a segmental bronchus.
|
['Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Fine Needle Aspiration', 'Equipment Failure', 'Humans', 'Lymphadenopathy', 'Mediastinal Diseases']
| 27,077,640
|
[['E01.370.225.500.384.100.119.500.500', 'E01.370.225.500.384.100.370.500', 'E01.370.225.998.054.119.500.500', 'E01.370.225.998.054.370.500', 'E01.370.350.850.855.500', 'E01.370.388.100.100.500.500', 'E01.370.388.100.370.500', 'E04.074.119.500.500', 'E04.074.370.500', 'E04.502.890.500', 'E05.200.500.384.100.119.500.500', 'E05.200.500.384.100.370.500', 'E05.200.998.054.119.500.500', 'E05.200.998.054.370.500', 'E05.242.384.100.119.500.500', 'E05.242.384.100.370.500'], ['E05.325'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C15.604.338'], ['C08.846.187']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Validity and reliability of the Neurobehavioral Assessment Scale.
|
The Neurobehavioral Assessment Scale (NAS) was developed to measure the full range of behavioral functioning from fully alert to deep coma. This investigator-rated scale was evaluated in 60 patients undergoing conscious sedation for maxillofacial procedures. The results obtained on the NAS were reliable, as evidenced by high correlations between the rating of the two raters. The scale is also valid as determined by high correlations between the NAS and a standard scale, the Glasgow Coma Scale (criterion validity) and between the NAS and the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (behavioral validity). The NAS clearly distinguished between two levels of sedation (heavy and light). Furthermore, the NAS appears to be better able to discriminate among the different degrees of sedation in lightly sedated patients than the Glasgow Coma Scale.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Arousal', 'Conscious Sedation', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neuropsychological Tests', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Surveys and Questionnaires']
| 1,552,039
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['F02.830.104', 'G11.561.035'], ['E03.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['F04.711.513'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody positive alveolar haemorrhage during propylthiouracil therapy for hyperthyroidism.
|
Recently, propylthiouracil (PTU) has been thought to be one of the possible causes of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated small vessel vasculitis syndrome, resulting in glomerulonephritis and, infrequently, diffuse alveolar haemorrhage (DAH). The mechanism of ANCA-positive vasculitis during PTU therapy is still unknown. Herein, we describe the case of a 59-year-old woman who developed myeloperoxidase (MPO)- and proteinase 3 (PR3)-ANCA positive DAH, without any other organ system involvement, during PTU therapy. Diminution and discontinuation of PTU resulted in a positive response. To our knowledge, this is the first documentation of both MPO- and PR3-ANCA-positive DAH, without systemic manifestations, developing during PTU therapy.
|
['Antibodies, Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic', 'Antithyroid Agents', 'Female', 'Hemorrhage', 'Humans', 'Hyperthyroidism', 'Lung Diseases', 'Methylophilaceae', 'Middle Aged', 'Myeloblastin', 'Propylthiouracil', 'Pulmonary Alveoli', 'Serine Endopeptidases']
| 14,708,556
|
[['D12.776.124.486.485.114.323.190', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.323.190', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.323.190', 'D23.101.050'], ['D06.347.100', 'D27.505.696.399.450.100'], ['C23.550.414'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C19.874.397'], ['C08.381'], ['B03.440.400.425.525', 'B03.660.075.495'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.760.530', 'D08.811.277.656.959.350.530'], ['D03.383.742.698.875.842.708'], ['A04.411.715'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.760', 'D08.811.277.656.959.350']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
The effect of weight history on glucose and lipids: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study.
|
Few studies have examined the impact of weight history. Extant data from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study were used to compare risk factors for normal-weight (body mass index: 18.5-24.9 kg/m(2)) adults with a history of weight loss (n = 775) with those for persons with a history of weight maintenance (n = 5,164). In this 1987-1998 US study, the authors also compared risk factors for pre-obese (body mass index: 25.0-29.9 kg/m(2)) adults with a history of weight gain (n = 1,296) versus weight maintenance (n = 6,721). They used mixed-models regression to adjust for ethnicity, gender, age, education, field center, smoking, alcohol consumption, follow-up time, and follow-up body mass index. Compared with adults with a history of weight maintenance, adults with a 3-year history of weight loss had more favorable total and low density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and similar glucose, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglyceride levels. In contrast, pre-obese adults with a 3-year history of weight gain had equivalent glucose and lipid levels at follow-up compared with adults with a history of weight maintenance. These findings suggest that, in addition to current weight, weight history may impact glucose and lipid levels.
|
['Alcohol Drinking', 'Arteriosclerosis', 'Blood Glucose', 'Body Mass Index', 'Body Weight', 'Causality', 'Comorbidity', 'Continental Population Groups', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Lipids', 'Male', 'Maryland', 'Middle Aged', 'Minnesota', 'Mississippi', 'North Carolina', 'Obesity', 'Reference Values', 'Risk Factors', 'Sex Distribution', 'Smoking', 'Socioeconomic Factors']
| 15,937,022
|
[['F01.145.317.269'], ['C14.907.137.126'], ['D09.947.875.359.448.500'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.125', 'E05.041.124.125', 'G07.100.100.125', 'N06.850.505.200.100.175'], ['C23.888.144', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120', 'E05.041.124.160.750', 'G07.100.100.160.120', 'G07.345.249.314.120'], ['N05.715.350.200', 'N06.850.490.625'], ['N05.715.350.225', 'N06.850.490.687'], ['M01.686.508'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D10'], ['Z01.107.567.875.075.418', 'Z01.107.567.875.500.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['Z01.107.567.875.350.510', 'Z01.107.567.875.510.510'], ['Z01.107.567.875.750.500'], ['Z01.107.567.875.075.475', 'Z01.107.567.875.750.530'], ['C18.654.726.500', 'C23.888.144.699.500', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120.699.500', 'G07.100.100.160.120.699.500'], ['E05.978.810'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['I01.240.800', 'N01.224.803', 'N06.850.505.400.850'], ['F01.145.805'], ['I01.880.853.996', 'N01.824']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Stimulatory effects of creatine on metabolic activity, differentiation and mineralization of primary osteoblast-like cells in monolayer and micromass cell cultures.
|
The effects of creatine (Cr) supplementation on primary rat osteoblast-like cells cultured as monolayer and micromass were investigated. Cr was added to the medium at concentrations of either 10 or 20 mM. At various time points, the cell cultures were analyzed morphologically, metabolically and biochemically. The degree of differentiation of primary osteoblast-like cell cultures was higher in micromass cultures compared to monolayer cultures, as judged by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and extent of mineralization. In both culture systems, Cr supplementation showed positive effects, which were dependent on the organizational level of the osteoblast-like cells in such a way that the cells in monolayer culture showed significantly increased metabolic activity, ALP activity and mineralization in the presence of Cr than without the supplement. In micromass cultures, Cr also significantly enhanced ALP activity and mineralization, without affecting metabolic activity. The effect of Cr on ALP activity was more pronounced at higher concentrations of Cr, but 20 mM Cr already showed some adverse effects on cell viability. In conclusion, chemically pure Cr added to low serum cell culture medium has a stimulatory effect on metabolic activity, differentiation and mineralization of osteoblast-like cells indicating that Cr supplementation could also be used as a potential clinical intervention to stimulate cell growth, differentiation and mineralization during bone repair in vivo.
|
['Alkaline Phosphatase', 'Animals', 'Calcification, Physiologic', 'Cell Culture Techniques', 'Cell Differentiation', 'Cell Survival', 'Creatine', 'DNA', 'Extracellular Matrix', 'Osteoblasts', 'Rats', 'Time Factors']
| 16,025,431
|
[['D08.811.277.352.650.035'], ['B01.050'], ['G07.345.155.500', 'G07.345.500.325.377.625.050.500.175', 'G11.427.578.050.500.175'], ['E01.370.225.500.223', 'E05.200.500.265', 'E05.242.223', 'E05.481.500.249'], ['G04.152'], ['G04.346'], ['D02.078.370.280', 'D12.125.373'], ['D13.444.308'], ['A11.284.295.310'], ['A11.329.629'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Reduced membranous MET expression is linked to bladder cancer progression.
|
The MET protein is involved in the malignant progression of different tumors. This study aimed to analyze the relationship of MET expression with tumor phenotype and clinical outcome in bladder cancer and the role of gene amplification for MET overexpression. A bladder cancer tissue microarray containing 686 bladder cancers was analyzed by immunohistochemistry and by fluorescence in situ hybridization. MET immunostaining was seen in normal urothelium and was recorded in 459 of 560 analyzable urothelial carcinomas (82.0%). Low MET staining was associated with a more unfavorable tumor phenotype. MET staining was seen in 89.8% of 266 pTa, 81.1% of 132 pT1, and 69.4% of 160 pT2-4 cancers (P < 0.0001). MET staining was detectable in 92.4% of 66 grade 1, 85.6% of 257 grade 2, and 75.1% of 237 grade 3 cancers (P = 0.001). MET expression status was not associated with overall or tumor-specific survival in muscle-invasive cancers (pT2-4), tumor progression in pT1 cancers, or recurrences in pTa tumors. Only four of the analyzed tumors (0.8%) showed amplification of the MET gene. We conclude that MET is not overexpressed in urothelial cancer but rather downregulated in a fraction of cancers. Accordingly, rare amplification of the genomic area including the MET gene was not associated with MET protein overexpression.
|
['Disease Progression', 'Humans', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence', 'Kaplan-Meier Estimate', 'Membrane Proteins', 'Neoplasm Grading', 'Neoplasm Recurrence, Local', 'Neoplasm Staging', 'Prognosis', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-met', 'Tissue Array Analysis', 'Urinary Bladder Neoplasms']
| 24,853,099
|
[['C23.550.291.656'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.670.325.350', 'E01.370.225.750.600.670.325.350', 'E05.200.500.620.670.325.350', 'E05.200.750.600.670.325.350', 'E05.393.285.350', 'E05.393.661.475.350'], ['E05.318.740.998.650', 'N05.715.360.750.795.650', 'N06.850.520.830.998.650'], ['D12.776.543'], ['E01.789.612'], ['C04.697.655', 'C23.550.727.655'], ['E01.789.625'], ['E01.789'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.400.075', 'D12.776.543.750.630.186', 'D12.776.543.750.750.400.100', 'D12.776.624.664.700.186'], ['E05.588.570.850'], ['C04.588.945.947.960', 'C12.758.820.968', 'C12.777.829.813', 'C13.351.937.820.945', 'C13.351.968.829.707']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Dental functional status with and without tooth replacement in a Chinese adult population.
|
The objective of this study is to investigate the prevalence of missing teeth and prosthodontic replacements in a Chinese adult population using a hierarchical dental functional classification system. A total of 1,462 dentate subjects over 40 years from Shandong Province, China were included and categorized in the functional classification system with and without tooth replacements. Depending on replacements, subjects could be reclassified (promoted) to categories reflecting higher functionality. "Promotions" were considered indicators for prosthodontic effectiveness. Homogeneities after dichotomization into functional categories appeared to be moderate to good. In the "?10 teeth in each jaw" branch, mean number of teeth and posterior occluding pairs were 27.93 ± 2.74 and 7.10 ± 1.94, respectively. In the branch "<10 teeth in each jaw," these figures were 16.17 ± 5.54 and 1.49 ± 1.45. Fixed dental prostheses (FDPs) added on average 3.5 artificial teeth; 46% of subjects with FDP promoted to a higher functional level. For removable dental prostheses (RDPs), these numbers were 8.5% and 79%, respectively. Promotion value per tooth added was significantly higher for FDPs. The classification system was able to quantify the effectiveness of teeth replacements. It was shown that RDPs were more effective when higher numbers of teeth were replaced, while FDPs were more effective per artificial tooth added.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Bicuspid', 'China', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Dental Prosthesis', 'Denture Design', 'Denture, Partial, Fixed', 'Denture, Partial, Removable', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Jaw, Edentulous, Partially', 'Male', 'Mastication', 'Middle Aged', 'Molar', 'Prevalence', 'Rural Health', 'Tooth Loss', 'Tooth, Artificial', 'Urban Health']
| 21,960,301
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['A14.549.167.860.150'], ['Z01.252.474.164'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['E06.780.346', 'E07.695.190'], ['E06.780.346.760.300', 'E06.912.250'], ['E06.780.346.760.943.271', 'E07.695.190.200.220.220'], ['E06.780.346.760.943.413', 'E07.695.190.200.220.230'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C05.500.480.450', 'C07.320.550.450', 'C07.465.550.425.450', 'C07.793.597.425.450'], ['G07.203.650.283.500', 'G10.261.330.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['A14.549.167.860.525'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['N01.400.548.750'], ['C07.465.714.804', 'C07.793.870'], ['E06.780.346.875', 'E07.695.190.800'], ['N01.400.548.875']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
The reproductive ecology of the southern red tabira bitterling Acheilognathus tabira jordani in Japan.
|
The life history, population and reproductive variables of the southern red tabira bitterling Acheilognathus tabira jordani were investigated in a lowland reach of the River Ohara in Shimane Prefecture, western Honshu, Japan. Acheilognathus t. jordani, like all other species of bitterling, lays its eggs on the gills of freshwater mussels. It was the only species of bitterling present in the study reach, and three species of bivalve mussel were available to it for spawning: Anemina arcaeformis, Anodonta lauta and Corbicula leana. Spawning by A.t. jordani was recorded between early April and early July in 2003 and began at a size of 38. 0 mm standard length (L(S)) in the 1+ age class. Ovipositor length (L(OP)) during oviposition was positively correlated with female L(S), and showed significant seasonal variation, with a mean +/-s.d.L(OP) of 27. 5 +/- 5. 3 mm ranging from 16. 8 to 42. 0 mm during the spawning period, which was shorter than that of a previously studied A. t. tabira population. Eggs of this subspecies are relatively long and elliptic in shape, with a volume of c. 2. 4 mm(3). Egg number correlated positively with female L(S) and both egg shape and volume changed significantly with season. The population size of adults was estimated to be 850 individuals, and comprised age 0+ to 3+ individuals with L(S) ranging from 12. 0 to 72. 2 mm. The population sex ratio was significantly female biased, with seven females: three males. Egg shape and size and L(OP) during oviposition in the present A. tabira population may be the result of local adaptations to the mussel species utilized and no competition with other bitterling species for spawning sites.
|
['Animals', 'Bivalvia', 'Cyprinidae', 'Ecology', 'Female', 'Japan', 'Male', 'Oviposition', 'Ovum', 'Population Density', 'Reproduction', 'Rivers', 'Seasons', 'Sex Ratio']
| 20,738,563
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.500.644.080'], ['B01.050.150.900.493.200.244'], ['H01.158.273.248', 'H01.277.249'], ['Z01.252.474.463', 'Z01.639.595'], ['G08.686.784.480'], ['A05.360.490.690', 'A11.497.497', 'A16.690'], ['N01.224.600', 'N06.850.505.400.600'], ['G08.686.784'], ['G01.311.750', 'G16.500.275.280.650', 'N06.230.232.650'], ['G01.910.645.661', 'G16.500.275.071.590', 'N06.230.300.100.250.525'], ['G05.815', 'I01.240.800.815', 'N01.224.803.815', 'N06.850.505.400.850.815']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
A Positive Youth Development Approach to Improving Mental Health Outcomes for Maltreated Children in Foster Care: Replication and Extension of an RCT of the Fostering Healthy Futures Program.
|
Preventing the negative impact of maltreatment on children's mental health requires interventions to be contextually sensitive, grounded in theory and research, and effective in reaching and retaining children and families. This study replicates and extends previous findings of the Fostering Healthy Futures (FHF) program, a 30-week mentoring and skills group intervention for preadolescent maltreated children in foster care. Participants included 426 children recently placed in out-of-home care who were randomized to intervention or control conditions. Outcomes measured 6-10 months postintervention included a multi-informant (child, caregiver, teacher) index of mental health problems as well as measures of posttraumatic stress symptoms, dissociative symptoms, quality of life, and use of mental health services and psychotropic medications. There were high rates of program initiation, retention, and engagement; 95% of those randomized to FHF started the program, 92% completed it, and over 85% of the mentoring visits and skills groups were attended. The FHF program demonstrated significant impact in reducing mental health symptomatology, especially trauma symptoms, and mental health service utilization. These program effects were consistent across almost all subgroups, suggesting that FHF confers benefit for diverse children. Results indicate that positive youth development programming is highly acceptable to children and families and that it can positively impact trauma and its sequelae.
|
['Child', 'Child Abuse', 'Child Development', 'Child Welfare', 'Colorado', 'Female', 'Foster Home Care', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Mental Health', 'Mental Health Services']
| 31,468,553
|
[['M01.060.406'], ['I01.198.240.856.350.250', 'I01.880.735.900.350.250'], ['F01.525.200', 'G07.345.374.750'], ['I01.880.787.293'], ['Z01.107.567.875.760.210'], ['E02.760.352', 'I01.880.787.416', 'N02.421.143.452', 'N02.421.585.352'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F02.418', 'N01.400.500'], ['F04.408', 'N02.421.461']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Nanostructured porous polymer monolithic columns for capillary liquid chromatography of peptides.
|
The macroporous structure of poly(styrene-co-divinylbenzene) monolithic capillary columns has been optimized for the gradient separation of peptides. To exploit monolithic supports with porosity exceeding 70%, the thermodynamic properties of the polymerization mixture were carefully tailored to yield homogeneous monolithic materials featuring macropore and polymer microglobule sizes in the range of 50–200 nm. The effects of (i) initiator content, (ii) composition of porogenic mixture, comprising tetrahydrofuran and 1-decanol, (iii) percentage of divinylbenzene crosslinker, and (iv) monomers to porogen ratio on the morphology was investigated. The resulting column structures were investigated using scanning electron microscopy and the prepared monolithic columns were tested for the separation of a tryptic digest of cytochrome c while applying a fixed flow rate and gradient time. To obtain a better understanding of the effects of macropore and microglobule size, and structure homogeneity on the separation performance in gradient elution, both in terms of peak capacity and gradient plate height, separations were also carried out at different flow rates while maintaining a constant gradient steepness. Furthermore, performance limits were determined applying ultra-high pressure conditions up to the maximum system pressure of 80 MPa. The potential of monolithic nanostructured columns is demonstrated for the separation of tryptic digests of cytochrome c and bovine serum albumin.
|
['Animals', 'Cattle', 'Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'Cytochromes c', 'Nanostructures', 'Peptides', 'Polystyrenes', 'Porosity', 'Serum Albumin, Bovine']
| 25,498,556
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['E05.196.181.400.300'], ['D08.244.286.100', 'D12.776.422.220.286.100'], ['J01.637.512'], ['D12.644'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.150.750.800.830', 'D05.750.716.579', 'D25.720.716.579', 'J01.637.051.720.716.579'], ['G01.374.710'], ['D12.776.034.841.540', 'D12.776.124.727.875']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Atmospheric conditions during high ragweed pollen concentrations in Zagreb, Croatia.
|
We examined the atmospheric conditions favourable to the occurrence of maximum concentrations of ragweed pollen with an extremely high risk of producing allergy. Over the 2002-2009 period, daily pollen data collected in Zagreb were used to identify two periods of high pollen concentration (> 600 grains/m(3)) for our analysis: period A (3-4 September 2002) and period B (6-7 September 2003). Synoptic conditions in both periods were very similar: Croatia was under the influence of a lower sector high pressure system moving slowly eastward over Eastern Europe. During the 2002-2009 period, this type of weather pattern (on ~ 70% of days), in conjunction with almost non-gradient surface pressure conditions in the area (on ~ 30% of days) characterised days when the daily pollen concentrations were higher than 400 grains/m(3). Numerical experiments using a mesoscale model at fine resolution showed successful multi-day simulations reproducing the local topographic influence on wind flow and in reasonable agreement with available observations. According to the model, the relatively weak synoptic flow (predominantly from the eastern direction) allowed local thermal circulations to develop over Zagreb during both high pollen episodes. Two-hour pollen concentrations and 48-h back-trajectories indicated that regional-range transport of pollen grains from the central Pannonian Plain was the cause of the high pollen concentrations during period A. During period B, the north-westward regional-range transport in Zagreb was supplemented significantly by pronounced horizontal recirculation of pollen grains. This recirculation happened within the diurnal local circulation over the city, causing a late-evening increase in pollen concentration.
|
['Ambrosia', 'Croatia', 'Environmental Monitoring', 'Models, Theoretical', 'Pollen', 'Wind']
| 22,410,823
|
[['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.100.065'], ['Z01.542.248.295'], ['N06.850.460.350.080', 'N06.850.780.375'], ['E05.599'], ['A18.024.249.500.249.500'], ['G16.500.175.249.200', 'G16.500.275.063.725.154.200', 'G16.500.750.775.780', 'N06.230.132.644.875', 'N06.230.300.100.150.185.200', 'N06.230.300.100.725.780']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Neuroblastoma in hungary.
|
In a cohort study we investigated the incidence and distribution of the age and stage of neuroblastoma at diagnosis, and the outcome, in children aged 0-14 years during 1988-1998 in Hungary. The proportion of neuroblastoma in age groups of 0 year old, 1-4 year old, 5-9 year old and 10-14 year old children was 30%, 53%, 12% and 5%, respectively. The proportion of stage 1-2, stage 3-4 and stage 4s cases was 30%, 65% and 3%, respectively. Hungarian data were compared with data reported for other Western European countries. The distribution of age at diagnosis of Hungarian cases was significantly different from France and Germany (p < 0.05), but not different from that of the United Kingdom (UK). However, the proportion of stage 1-2 neuroblastoma was higher in Hungarian children (30%) than that reported in French, German and UK children. The incidence and survival of neuroblastoma in Hungary is broadly comparable to that reported elsewhere in Europe.
|
['Adolescent', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Cohort Studies', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hungary', 'Incidence', 'Infant', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Male', 'Neuroblastoma', 'Survival Analysis']
| 16,876,992
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.542.248.495'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.375', 'N01.224.935.597.500', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.375', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.375'], ['M01.060.703'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['C04.557.465.625.600.590.650.550', 'C04.557.470.670.590.650.550', 'C04.557.580.625.600.590.650.550'], ['E05.318.740.998', 'N05.715.360.750.795', 'N06.850.520.830.998']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Body sizes in print media: Are there ethnic differences? A brief report.
|
There is evidence that black women are more satisfied with their body size despite higher rates of overweight. One possible mechanism is differential exposure to ultrathin images. We hypothesized that models in magazines aimed at black women are not as thin as models in materials aimed at the general population. Pictures of women from magazines aimed at black women and magazines aimed at the general population were compared (N=51). Female raters (21 white, 21 black) matched pictures to one of four drawings depicting very thin to normal-weight women. The mean body size of pictures from black magazines was significantly higher than for general magazines (p<0.001, d=0.89); 85% of pictures from general magazines were in the two thinnest size categories compared with 46% of pictures from black magazines. Media aimed at black women are less likely to use extremely slim models, which could contribute to or reflect a greater range of acceptable body sizes.
|
['Adult', 'African Americans', 'Body Image', 'Body Size', 'European Continental Ancestry Group', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Mass Media', 'Personal Satisfaction']
| 22,290,039
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.686.508.100.100', 'M01.686.754.100'], ['F01.752.747.792.110', 'F02.463.593.112'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.160', 'E05.041.124.160', 'G07.100.100.160', 'G07.345.249.314'], ['M01.686.508.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.178.590'], ['F01.145.677']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Growth hormone and prolactin responses to bolus and sustained infusions of GRH-1-40-OH in man.
|
To determine whether GRH stimulates PRL secretion we studied the effects of iv bolus injections and prolonged infusions of GRH 1-40-OH on PRL and GH serum levels in normal volunteers. Eight patients with acromegaly, two of whom had elevated basal levels of PRL, were also tested with single bolus injections. Six normal subjects given 3.3 micrograms/kg bolus injections of GRH showed a mean increment of GH of 22.0 +/- 1.7 ng/ml (mean +/- SE). A small rise in PRL was noted in 5 of the 6 subjects (mean peak level of 6.4 +/- 1.9 ng/ml vs basal level of 3.3 +/- 0.4 ng/ml, p less than 0.05). During the continuous intusion of GRH (10 ng/kg/min), GH levels rose gradually from a mean baseline of 1.1 +/- 0.1 ng/ml to a mean peak of 30.0 +/- 7.2 ng/ml at about 2 h and then slowly declined to a nadir of 4.2 +/- 0.4 ng/ml at 330 min. PRL levels did not rise significantly during the infusion. To determine whether the decline in GH levels in the face of continued infusion was due to loss of GH responsiveness, a 3.3 micrograms/kg bolus of GRH was given during the nadir at 330 min; this GH increment was significantly less than that obtained by the GRH bolus injection without the infusion (12.9 +/- 3.5 ng/ml vs 22.0 +/- 1.7 ng/ml, p less than 0.05). The PRL response to the GRH bolus was the same during the infusion of GRH as before. In each of 8 acromegalic patients (including two who had initially elevated basal PRL levels) GRH led to an increase in both GH and PRL levels. PRL and GH levels spontaneously fluctuated in parallel in 4 acromegalic cases studied with repeated samples over 6 h during placebo administration. These experiments show that GRH has significant, though weak, PRF effect in normals and that it is more potent PRF in acromegalic patients. Furthermore, the effects on GH and PRL of a sustained infusion of GRH for 5 1/2 h are both qualitatively and quantitatively different. These results suggest that the GRH effect is exerted either on different pituitary receptors for GH and PRL regulation, or that the releasable pools of the two hormones have different sizes and/or turnover times.
|
['Acromegaly', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Growth Hormone', 'Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone', 'Humans', 'Infusions, Intravenous', 'Injections, Intravenous', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Peptide Fragments', 'Prolactin']
| 3,119,697
|
[['C05.116.132.082', 'C10.228.140.617.738.250.100', 'C19.700.355.179'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D06.472.699.631.525.425', 'D12.644.548.691.525.425'], ['D06.472.699.327.740.860', 'D12.644.400.400.740.860', 'D12.644.548.365.740.860', 'D12.776.631.650.405.740.860'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.319.267.082.500', 'E02.319.267.510.590'], ['E02.319.267.082.750', 'E02.319.267.530.540'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D12.644.541'], ['D06.472.699.322.576.773', 'D06.472.699.631.525.525', 'D12.644.548.691.525.525']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
The cicada genus Guyalna Boulard & Martinelli, 1996 (Hemiptera: Cicadidae: Cicadinae: Fidicinini): generic description, twelve new combinations, and a key to species.
|
The cicada genus Guyalna Boulard and Martinelli, 1996 is described fully for the first time. Dorisiana bogotana (Distant, 1892), Dorisiana brisa (Walker, 1850), Fidicinoides coffea Sanborn, Moore & Young, 2008, Fidicinoides distanti (Goding, 1925), Fidicinoides flavipronotum Sanborn, 2007, Dorisiana glauca (Goding, 1925), Dorisiana panamensis (Davis, 1939), Fidicinoides variegata (Sanborn, 2005), and Dorisiana viridifemur (Walker, 1850) are transferred to the genus Guyalna to become Guyalna bogotana (Distant, 1892) n. comb., Guyalna brisa (Walker, 1850) n. comb., Guyalna coffea (Sanborn, Moore & Young, 2008) n. comb., Guyalna distanti (Goding, 1925) n. comb., Guyalna flavipronotum (Sanborn, 2007) n. comb., Guyalna glauca (Goding, 1925) n. comb., Guyalna panamensis (Davis, 1939) n. comb., Guyalna variegata (Sanborn, 2005) n. comb., and Guyalna viridifemur (Walker, 1850) n. comb., respectively. Fidicinoides cachla (Distant, 1899), Fidicinoides compostela (Davis, 1934), Fidicinoides guayabana Sanborn, Moore & Young, 2008, are transferred to Dorisiana Metcalf, 1952 to become Dorisiana cachla (Distant, 1899) n. comb., Dorisiana compostela (Davis, 1934) n. comb., and Dorisiana guayabana (Sanborn, Moore & Young, 2008) n. comb., respectively. The current 25 species of the genus are listed along with their synonymies and known distribution of each species. Finally, a key to the species of Guyalna is provided.
|
['Animal Distribution', 'Animal Structures', 'Animals', 'Body Size', 'Female', 'Hemiptera', 'Male', 'Organ Size']
| 27,394,790
|
[['F01.145.113.069', 'G16.049'], ['A13'], ['B01.050'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.160', 'E05.041.124.160', 'G07.100.100.160', 'G07.345.249.314'], ['B01.050.500.131.617.412'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.660', 'E05.041.124.715', 'G07.100.100.660', 'G07.345.249.690']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The effect of powder-liquid ratio and the mixing method on the surface hardness of phosphate-bonded investment materials.
|
In this experimental study the surface-hardness changes of three phosphate-bonded investments were observed in relation to: a) the ratio of liquid-powder, b) the way of the mixing, in 3 hours and 24 hours after mixing. The Vickers hardness test was used for testing the surface hardness of the specimens (ISOMA SA, Bienne, Swiss, hardness testing apparatus). This study indicated that the surface hardness of the specimens increased after mechanical mixing, and also that it was higher in 24 hours than in 3 hours. Also, as more water was included in the mixing liquid, as lower became the surface hardness of the materials. Finally, it was observed that one material appeared to have the greatest fluctuations of surface hardness: Maruvest MI.
|
['Dental Casting Investment', 'Hardness', 'Humans', 'Humidity', 'Magnesium', 'Materials Testing', 'Phosphates', 'Powders', 'Quaternary Ammonium Compounds', 'Solutions', 'Stress, Mechanical', 'Temperature', 'Time Factors', 'Vibration', 'Water']
| 11,799,724
|
[['D25.339.250', 'J01.637.051.339.250'], ['G01.374.647'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G16.500.275.063.725.310', 'G16.500.750.775.310', 'N06.230.150.372', 'N06.230.300.100.725.310'], ['D01.268.552.437', 'D01.268.557.500', 'D01.552.547.500'], ['E05.570'], ['D01.029.260.700.675.374', 'D01.248.497.158.730', 'D01.695.625.675.650'], ['D26.255.779'], ['D01.625.062.500', 'D02.092.877', 'D02.675.276'], ['D26.776'], ['G01.374.835'], ['G01.906.595', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710', 'G16.500.750.775.710', 'N06.230.150.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710'], ['G01.910.857'], ['G01.374.930'], ['D01.045.250.875', 'D01.248.497.158.459.650', 'D01.650.550.925']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Successful administration of recombinant human antithrombin in a pregnant Japanese woman with hereditary antithrombin deficiency.
|
OBJECTIVE: Hereditary antithrombin (AT) deficiency increases the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in pregnant woman. We report the first case of administration of recombinant human antithrombin (rhAT) to a pregnant Japanese woman with AT deficiency.CASE REPORT: A 30-year-old woman, gravida 2 para 0, was referred to our hospital because of AT deficiency. Unfractionated heparin was administered from 13 weeks of gestation and rhAT was administered from labor onset. A cesarean section was performed and the patient and her baby were healthy, with no sequelae.CONCLUSION: We concluded that rhAT was effective for preventing VTE during delivery, with no potential infection risks.
|
['Adult', 'Antithrombin III', 'Antithrombin III Deficiency', 'Antithrombins', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Injections, Intravenous', 'Japan', 'Pregnancy', 'Pregnancy Complications, Hematologic', 'Pregnancy Outcome', 'Recombinant Proteins', 'Venous Thromboembolism']
| 31,759,540
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D12.644.861.060.500', 'D12.776.124.790.106.125', 'D12.776.377.715.085.125', 'D12.776.872.060.500', 'D23.113.025'], ['C15.378.100.100.075', 'C15.378.147.150', 'C15.378.925.075', 'C16.320.099.075'], ['D27.505.519.389.745.800.449', 'D27.505.954.502.119.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['E02.319.267.082.750', 'E02.319.267.530.540'], ['Z01.252.474.463', 'Z01.639.595'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['C13.703.667', 'C15.378.785'], ['E01.789.700', 'G08.686.784.769.496'], ['D12.776.828'], ['C14.907.355.590.700']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
|
Iron-induced injury of rat testis.
|
Male Wistar rats were intraperitoneally injected twice with 0.4 mmol kg-1 FeSO4. One, 2 and 4 days after the second Fe injection, Fe and malondialdehyde (MDA) content in testis was measured, the morphology studied by light and electron microscopy and the number of spermatids counted. After Fe injection, Fe and MDA content had increased in parallel. Light microscopic inspection on days 1 and 2 after Fe injection revealed numerous necroses in the different cell types of the germ epithelium. Four days after Fe injection, fewer alterations were found. Electron microscopic investigations revealed that some spermatids contained up to three nuclei and at least three axonemes. In some sperm tails up to 11 axonemes were found. In some midpieces two or three complexes of axonemes, outer dense fibres and mitochondria were observed. In other midpieces axonemes were absent and replaced by granular and filamentous material. The number of spermatids was reduced 4 days after Fe treatment. The increase in the number of axonemes was similar to that seen in Mg and Zn deficiency, indicating that the increase in Fe content and oxygen free radicals is the major reason for the biochemical and morphological alterations in Mg and Zn deficiency.
|
['Animals', 'Iron', 'Lipid Peroxidation', 'Male', 'Malondialdehyde', 'Microscopy, Electron', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Testis']
| 8,893,095
|
[['B01.050'], ['D01.268.556.412', 'D01.268.956.287', 'D01.552.544.412'], ['G02.111.515', 'G03.295.531.587'], ['D02.047.700'], ['E01.370.350.515.402', 'E05.595.402'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900'], ['A05.360.444.849', 'A05.360.576.782', 'A06.300.312.782']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The radiographic appearance of the endorectal pull-through.
|
Children and young adults with ulcerative colitis and polyposis syndromes requiring colectomy are increasingly undergoing the endorectal pull-through procedure. We reviewed the contrast studies of the neorectum of 27 patients and the abdominal radiographs in 26 patients after the endorectal pull-through operation. Normal features included smooth mucosa with loss of the small bowel features, dilatation of the neo-rectum on consecutive examinations, and an enlarged presacral space. The normal appearance before closure of the ileostomy varied depending upon the amount of distension of the pull-through segment; redundant ileum within the rectal muscle sleeve was seen in the two patients. Abnormalities included rectovaginal fistulas, sinus tracts, focal strictures requiring dilatation, complete obstruction, mucosal irregularities, and generalized narrowing with lack of distensibility. These abnormalities are attributable to inflammation and were associated with a poor clinical outcome. A contrast examination of the pull-through segment is useful to exclude the presence of serious inflammatory change before ileostomy closure or in the patient with excessive diarrhea or obstruction.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Anal Canal', 'Child', 'Colectomy', 'Colitis, Ulcerative', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Ileum', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Radiography']
| 3,703,597
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['A03.556.124.526.070', 'A03.556.249.249.070'], ['M01.060.406'], ['E04.210.219'], ['C06.405.205.265.231', 'C06.405.205.731.249', 'C06.405.469.158.188.231', 'C06.405.469.432.249'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A03.556.124.684.249', 'A03.556.249.124'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.370.350.700']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
A head-model reconstruction based upon photogrammetric data from Sri Lankan adult males relevant to the design of headgear.
|
Due to the large variability in heads and faces in one population, the standard anthropometric dimensions of the head, measured from anatomical landmarks alone, may not suffice for the design of fitting headgear, e.g., helmets. To provide adequate data of the shapes and contours of the head to the designer, appropriate head models sculptured using comprehensive head dimensions, must be developed. This paper describes (a) a procedure of collecting comprehensive anthropometric data of the head using a photogrammetric method and (b) a simple sculpturing technique to reconstruct a head model of the user population.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Anthropometry', 'Equipment Design', 'Head', 'Head Protective Devices', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Models, Anatomic', 'Photogrammetry', 'Protective Devices']
| 2,637,290
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['E01.370.600.024', 'E05.041', 'N06.850.505.200.100'], ['E05.320'], ['A01.456'], ['E07.700.380', 'J01.637.708.560.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['J01.897.280.500.545.129', 'L01.178.820.090.545.129'], ['E01.370.350.600.630'], ['E07.700', 'J01.637.708']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Removal of nonionic surfactants from wastewater using a constructed wetland.
|
Removal of nonionic surfactants from municipal wastewater using a constructed wetland with a horizontal subsurface flow was studied in 2009 and 2010. Extraction spectrophotometry with 3',3″,5',5″-tetrabromophenolphthalein ethyl ester and KCl served to determine the analyte concentrations. Triton(®) X-100 was used as a standard to express the nonionic-surfactant concentrations. Anionic and cationic surfactants were shown not to interfere during the determination. Nonionic surfactants were degraded (to products undeterminable by the method) with a high average efficiency that reached 98.1% in 2009 and 99.1% in 2010, respectively. The average concentration of nonionic surfactants at the inflow was 0.978 mg/l, while it was close to the limit of quantification at the outflow (0.014 mg/l). A significant fraction of nonionic surfactants (38.7%) was already degraded during the pretreatment, and only 14.0% of the nonionic surfactants remained in the interstitial H(2) O taken in the vegetation bed at a distance of 1 m from the inflow zone at a 50-cm depth. Nonionic surfactants were degraded both under aerobic and anaerobic conditions.
|
['Environmental Restoration and Remediation', 'Octoxynol', 'Rhizosphere', 'Surface-Active Agents', 'Water Purification', 'Wetlands']
| 22,006,711
|
[['N06.230.080.600', 'N06.850.460.375'], ['D02.033.455.250.700.660', 'D05.750.741.610', 'D25.720.741.610', 'J01.637.051.720.741.610'], ['G16.500.275.157.625', 'G16.500.853', 'N06.230.124.437'], ['D27.720.877'], ['N06.850.780.200.800.800.900.900', 'N06.850.860.510.900.900'], ['G16.500.275.157.812', 'N06.230.124.625']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Influence of seed endophyte amounts on swainsonine concentrations in Astragalus and Oxytropis locoweeds.
|
Locoism is a toxic syndrome of livestock caused by the ingestion of a subset of legumes known as locoweeds endemic to arid and semiarid regions of the western United States. Locoweeds contain the toxic alkaloid swainsonine, which is produced by the endophytic fungi Undifilum species. Two chemotypes of plants can coexist within toxic populations of locoweeds: chemotype 1 plants are defined as individuals containing swainsonine concentrations greater than 0.01% and quantitatively greater amounts of Undifilum, while chemotype 2 plants are defined as individuals containing less than 0.01% swainsonine and quantitatively smaller amounts of Undifilum. To elucidate the mechanisms that govern chemotypes, the amount of Undifilum in seeds/embryos was manipulated, thus altering subsequent swainsonine concentrations in three locoweed species: Astragalus mollissimus, Astragalus lentiginosus, and Oxytropis sericea. Chemotype 1 seeds that were fungicide-treated or had the seed coat removed resulted in plants with swainsonine concentrations comparable to those in chemotype 2 plants. Conversely, embryos from seeds of chemotypes 1 and 2 that were inoculated with the endophyte resulted in plants with swainsonine concentrations comparable to those of chemotype 1 plants. This reproducible interconversion between the two swainsonine chemotypes suggests that the quantity of endophyte present in the seed at the time of germination is a key determinant of the eventual chemotype. Additionally, this is the first report of the inoculation of locoweeds with the endophyte Undifilum species.
|
['Ascomycota', 'Astragalus Plant', 'DNA, Fungal', 'Endophytes', 'Fungicides, Industrial', 'Hot Temperature', 'Oxytropis', 'Seeds', 'Swainsonine']
| 22,844,873
|
[['B01.300.107'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.401.087'], ['D13.444.308.300'], ['B05.237'], ['D27.720.031.700.288', 'D27.888.723.288'], ['G01.906.595.543', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710.380', 'G16.500.750.775.710.380', 'N06.230.300.100.725.232', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710.380'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.401.606'], ['A18.024.500.750', 'G07.203.300.775', 'J02.500.775'], ['D03.132.830']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
The direct factor Xa inhibitor rivaroxaban.
|
Warfarin and heparin are the traditional mainstay anticoagulant therapies for treating thromboembolic disease. These drugs, with a documented history of utility, also have inherent difficulties in usage; in particular, the complicated monitoring and numerous drug-drug interactions of warfarin, and the need for parenteral administration of heparins. New agents have recently emerged that target specific elements of the clotting pathway. Rivaroxaban, which inhibits activated factor X (Xa), is currently in clinical trials and is the most advanced factor Xa inhibitor. The drug offers once-daily oral dosing, with no need for injections, dose titration, or frequent blood tests to monitor the international normalised ratio. It has a rapid onset of action and, although there is no specific antidote, it has a short plasma elimination half-life (about 5-9 hours). Evidence from recently published large-scale phase III clinical trials shows rivaroxaban to be superior to enoxaparin for prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism after major orthopaedic surgery. Studies have shown rivaroxaban to have a sound safety profile, with an incidence of bleeding similar to enoxaparin in phase III clinical trials. Few side effects and drug-drug interactions between rivaroxaban and common medications have been found thus far, although some interactions with potent cytochrome P450 3A4 inhibitors have been observed. It is hoped that rivaroxaban may be used as a first-line anticoagulant for prophylaxis of venous thromboembolic disease in postsurgical patients.
|
['Administration, Oral', 'Anticoagulants', 'Drug Interactions', 'Factor Xa Inhibitors', 'Humans', 'Morpholines', 'Pulmonary Embolism', 'Rivaroxaban', 'Thiophenes', 'Venous Thrombosis']
| 19,351,313
|
[['E02.319.267.100'], ['D27.505.954.502.119'], ['G07.690.773.968'], ['D27.505.519.389.745.800.449.500', 'D27.505.954.502.119.500.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D03.383.533.640'], ['C08.381.746', 'C14.907.355.350.700'], ['D02.886.778.727', 'D03.383.533.640.713', 'D03.383.903.727'], ['D02.886.778', 'D03.383.903'], ['C14.907.355.830.925']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The impact of multiple recurrences in disease-free survival of breast cancer: an extended Cox model.
|
AIMS AND BACKGROUND: Identifying the risk factors of recurrence of breast cancer is important for both the physician and patient. Analysis of the first recurrence may lead to an inaccurate evaluation of the factor's effects because it does not completely reflect the history of the disease and may result in the loss of valuable information. The present study aimed to determine the factors that influence breast cancer recurrence and to estimate disease-free survival, adjusting for multiple metastases in breast cancer patients.METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN: Patients were selected from a longitudinal study carried out at Fayazabakhsh Hospital in Tehran, Iran. Women who were diagnosed with breast cancer and who underwent either modified radical mastectomy or breast-conserving surgery between January 2006 and April 2008 were recruited to take part in the study. Breast cancer recurrence was defined as the occurrence of a tumor in the contralateral breast, local-regional relapse, or distant metastasis to other organs. Using an extended Cox model, the effect of age, tumor size, estrogen receptors, HER2, progesterone receptors as well as lymph node ratio was analyzed.RESULTS: Over a 5833 person-month follow-up, 25 of 133 patients (18.8%) had died and 108 patients (81.2%) were still alive, 9 of them with metastasis. Thirty-four patients (25.6%) experienced their first disease recurrence. A total of 11 patients had a second metastasis. The mean time to first metastasis was 19.93 months, and mean gap time between two metastases was 7.15 months. Risk of experiencing a metastasis or death in the third and fifth year after surgery was approximately 22% and 28%, respectively. Fitting multiple recurrent regression shows that high lymph node ratio, high histologic grade, large tumor size and HER2-positive tumors are prognostic factors for shorter disease-free survival.CONCLUSIONS: Our novel approach might be helpful in clinical practice to predict breast cancer recurrence after surgery and might be adapted to be used in other malignancies as well.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Analysis of Variance', 'Biomarkers, Tumor', 'Breast Neoplasms', 'Disease-Free Survival', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Kaplan-Meier Estimate', 'Longitudinal Studies', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasm Grading', 'Neoplasm Recurrence, Local', 'Neoplasm Staging', 'Proportional Hazards Models']
| 23,052,157
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E05.318.740.150', 'N05.715.360.750.125', 'N06.850.520.830.150'], ['D23.101.140'], ['C04.588.180', 'C17.800.090.500'], ['E01.789.800.190', 'E05.318.740.998.300', 'N04.761.559.590.800.190', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800.190', 'N05.715.360.750.795.300', 'N06.850.520.830.998.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.740.998.650', 'N05.715.360.750.795.650', 'N06.850.520.830.998.650'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.789.612'], ['C04.697.655', 'C23.550.727.655'], ['E01.789.625'], ['E05.318.740.500.700', 'E05.318.740.600.700', 'E05.318.740.750.725', 'E05.318.740.998.825', 'E05.599.835.900', 'N05.715.360.750.530.650', 'N05.715.360.750.625.650', 'N05.715.360.750.695.650', 'N05.715.360.750.795.825', 'N06.850.520.830.500.700', 'N06.850.520.830.600.700', 'N06.850.520.830.750.725', 'N06.850.520.830.998.912']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Central corneal light scatter in long-term diabetics.
|
Changes in corneal thickness have been correlated with severity of diabetic retinopathy. Measuring light scatter at the central cornea may reflect the changes in corneal thickness and hence the retinopathy. This study compared the peak central corneal light scatter between 22 insulin-dependent diabetic patients with disease of at least 10 years' duration and 29 controls. No significant difference was found in the light-scattering properties of the central cornea between the two groups. This technique does not offer an alternative method of screening for diabetic retinopathy.
|
['Cornea', 'Diabetic Retinopathy', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Light', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Scattering, Radiation']
| 8,013,718
|
[['A09.371.060.217'], ['C11.768.257', 'C14.907.320.382', 'C19.246.099.500.382'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G01.358.500.505.650', 'G01.590.540', 'G01.750.250.650', 'G01.750.770.578'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.196.822', 'G01.867']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Antigenaemia during acute graft versus host disease.
|
AIMS: Animal studies have shown that antigens present within the gut play an important role in the development of acute graft versus host disease (GvHD) following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT). In previous studies, inert sugars have been found to penetrate the small bowel mucosa after conditioning therapy for BMT; endotoxaemia can also occur during acute GvHD. Data on absorption of antigenic proteins across the gut following BMT in humans have not been presented as yet.METHODS: Six patients undergoing allogeneic BMT were studied to determine whether enteric ovalbumin absorption increased or endotoxaemia developed during acute GvHD.RESULTS: Three patients had minimal antigenaemia and no detectable endotoxaemia before receiving conditioning therapy. At the onset of acute GvHD, however, much higher ovalbumin concentrations were detected in those patients with severe antigenaemia. Serum concentrations of specific antiovalbumin IgG and IgA, or antiendotoxin IgM or IgG had no bearing on detectable IgG or IgM ovalbumin or endotoxin concentrations. In five of six patients, small bowel permeability increased, as tested by the lactulose/mannitol sugar absorption test, but detectable ovalbumin absorption increased in only three of these and only two developed endotoxaemia.CONCLUSIONS: Antigens present within the gut can cross the mucosal epithelium during acute GvHD, probably resulting in an enhanced immune response.
|
['Acute Disease', 'Antigens', 'Bone Marrow Transplantation', 'Endotoxins', 'Graft vs Host Disease', 'Humans', 'Immunoglobulin A', 'Immunoglobulin G', 'Ovalbumin', 'Transplantation, Homologous']
| 7,745,106
|
[['C23.550.291.125'], ['D23.050'], ['E02.095.147.725.040', 'E04.936.580.040'], ['D23.946.123.329'], ['C20.452'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.619.026', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.619.026', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.619.026'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.619.393', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.619.393', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.619.393'], ['D12.644.861.557', 'D12.776.034.614', 'D12.776.256.159.157.663', 'D12.776.290.663', 'D12.776.872.557'], ['E04.936.864']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Right atrial pressure may impact early survival of patients undergoing transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt creation.
|
PURPOSE: To elucidate the impact of right atrial (RA) pressure on early mortality after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS).MATERIAL AND METHODS: In this single institution retrospective study, 125 patients (M:F = 75:50, mean age 55 years) who underwent TIPS with recorded intra-procedural RA pressures between 1999-2012 were studied. Demographic (age, gender), liver disease (Child-Pugh, Model for End Stage Liver Disease or MELD score), and procedure (indication, urgency, Stent type, portosystemic gradient or PSG reduction, baseline and post-TIPS RA pressure) data were identified, and the influence of these parameters on 30- and 90-day mortality was assessed using binary logistic regression.RESULTS: TIPS were created for variceal hemorrhage (n = 55) and ascites (n = 70). Hemodynamic success rate was 99% (124/125) and mean PSG reduction was 13 mmHg. 30- and 90-day mortality rates were 18% (19/106) and 28% (29/106). Baseline and final RA pressure were significantly associated with 30- (12 vs. 15 mmHg, P = 0.021; 18 vs. 21 mmHg, P = 0.035) and 90-day (12 vs. 14 mmHg, P = 0.022; 18 vs. 20 mmHg, P = 0.024) survival on univariate analysis. Predictive usefulness of RA pressure was not confirmed in multivariate analyses. Area under receiver operator characteristic (AUROC) curve analysis revealed good pre- and post-TIPS RA pressure predictive capacity for 30- (0.779, 0.810) and 90-day (0.813, 0.788) mortality among variceal hemorrhage patients at 14.5 and 21.5 mm Hg thresholds.CONCLUSION: Intra-procedural RA pressure may have predictive value for early post-TIPS mortality. Pre-procedure consideration and optimization of patient cardiac status may enhance candidate selection, risk stratification, and clinical outcomes, particularly in variceal hemorrhage patients.
|
['Area Under Curve', 'Ascites', 'Atrial Function, Right', 'Atrial Pressure', 'Cohort Studies', 'End Stage Liver Disease', 'Esophageal and Gastric Varices', 'Female', 'Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage', 'Heart Diseases', 'Humans', 'Hypertension, Portal', 'Liver Cirrhosis', 'Logistic Models', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Portasystemic Shunt, Transjugular Intrahepatic', 'Prognosis', 'ROC Curve', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 24,927,612
|
[['E05.318.740.200', 'G03.787.101', 'G07.690.725.064', 'N06.850.520.830.200'], ['C23.550.081'], ['G09.330.040.200'], ['G09.330.040.600', 'G09.330.380.037'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['C06.552.308.500.177'], ['C06.405.117.240', 'C06.552.494.414'], ['C06.405.227', 'C23.550.414.788'], ['C14.280'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C06.552.494'], ['C06.552.630', 'C23.550.355.412'], ['E05.318.740.500.525', 'E05.318.740.600.800.450', 'E05.318.740.750.450', 'E05.599.835.875', 'N05.715.360.750.530.480', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.450', 'N05.715.360.750.695.470', 'N06.850.520.830.500.525', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.450', 'N06.850.520.830.750.450'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E04.035.760.795', 'E04.100.814.868.937.830'], ['E01.789'], ['E05.318.370.800.750', 'E05.318.740.872.750', 'N05.715.360.325.700.680', 'N06.850.520.445.800.750'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
[Multiple drug dependence].
|
This study includes all inpatients of the years 1977-1988 treated for multiple drug abuse, in a psychiatric department of a general hospital in Berlin. The descriptive assessment of combined drug abuse in the last half year before admission for withdrawal treatment was the research object. 1176 persons with multiple drug abuse were admitted. The mean-value of age was 36.8 years, the duration of addictive behaviour 9.2 years and, they had 1.9 withdrawal treatments as inpatients before their admission here. On an average they took 2.91 substances simultaneously, predominantly alcohol and benzodiazepines. The third rank is occupied by combinations of analgesics, and the fourth one by heroin. Some preferred combinations with characteristic variables of their users are evaluated.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Comorbidity', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Female', 'Germany', 'Humans', 'Illicit Drugs', 'Incidence', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Psychotropic Drugs', 'Substance-Related Disorders']
| 8,507,995
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['N05.715.350.225', 'N06.850.490.687'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['Z01.542.315'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D26.878'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.375', 'N01.224.935.597.500', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.375', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.375'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D27.505.954.427.700'], ['C25.775', 'F03.900']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Unilateral ureteric reimplantation for primary vesicoureteric reflux in children. A policy re-evaluated.
|
Fifty-one children had unilateral ureteric reimplants for primary vesicoureteric reflux over an 11-year period. Reflux was abolished in 50 patients but in 8 (15.7%) it developed or became worse on the contralateral side. An isotope renal scan (99mTc DMSA) was carried out in 15 of the 18 patients who had grossly scarred or dysplastic kidneys. Thirteen of these had less than 22% of total function coming from the affected kidney and seven had less than 10% of their total GFR coming from the kidney whose ureter had previously been reimplanted. Five of these children have undergone nephrectomy and it is felt that this would have been a better initial procedure. No patient was hypertensive at the conclusion of the study.
|
['Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Female', 'Glomerular Filtration Rate', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Kidney', 'Male', 'Organ Size', 'Radiography', 'Replantation', 'Ureter', 'Vesico-Ureteral Reflux']
| 4,027,510
|
[['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['E01.370.390.400.300', 'G08.852.357'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['A05.810.453'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.660', 'E05.041.124.715', 'G07.100.100.660', 'G07.345.249.690'], ['E01.370.350.700'], ['E04.936.494'], ['A05.810.776'], ['C12.777.829.920', 'C13.351.968.829.920']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Timing-dependence of insulin-receptor mitogenic versus metabolic signalling: a plausible model based on coincidence of hormone and effector binding.
|
Mitogenic signalling through the insulin receptor is enhanced compared with metabolic signalling for insulin analogues having slower dissociation kinetics than insulin itself. A plausible explanation in molecular terms of this timing-dependent specificity is lacking. We show here that if signalling is transmitted through a single effector, binding coincidentally with hormone to the insulin receptor and whose association and dissociation kinetics are slow relative to the hormone dissociation rate, the resulting biological effect is predicted to be dependent on hormone-binding kinetics. However, known primary effector molecules associating with the insulin receptor bind and interact rapidly with the receptor, contrary to the assumptions of the single-effector model. A model with two effectors which must bind coincidentally with hormone for signalling to occur also gives the required dependence of signalling on hormone-binding kinetics, provided that at least one of the effectors has slow binding kinetics relative to hormone binding. In this case, the other effector can have rapid kinetics, which is consistent with the properties of the major known substrates of the insulin receptor, such as the insulin receptor substrate (IRS) molecules.
|
['Binding Sites', 'Insulin', 'Kinetics', 'Ligands', 'Mitogens', 'Models, Biological', 'Phosphorylation', 'Receptor, Insulin', 'Signal Transduction', 'Temperature', 'Thermodynamics']
| 10,215,607
|
[['G02.111.570.120'], ['D06.472.699.587.200.500.625', 'D12.644.548.586.200.500.625'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['D27.720.470.480'], ['D27.505.519.593.624'], ['E05.599.395'], ['G02.111.665', 'G02.607.780', 'G03.796'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.400.200', 'D12.776.543.750.630.484', 'D12.776.543.750.750.580.300'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['G01.906.595', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710', 'G16.500.750.775.710', 'N06.230.150.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710'], ['G01.906']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
[Psychiatric-psychotherapeutic teaching interview as experienced by the patient and interview-conducting students. An empirical study].
|
After the exploration of the psychiatric patient by a medical student in the context of a small psychiatric teaching-group (Psychiatric Clinic, University of M?nster) was finished, both medical students and patients (n = 94 each) were asked about their experiences during that interview by means of a special questionnaire: Most patients reported about positive effects of the educational interview. 60% of the patients spoke about a positive prove of regained strength, 35% gained new or deeper insights. On the other hand 10% of the patients made worrying and unpleasant experiences. Students diminished their anxiety to hurt patients by asking too intimate questions. 30 to 40% of the students reported about difficulties in structuring a clinical interview, especially with patients who refused to talk or didn't answer the students' questions correctly. 60% of the students made also emotional learning experiences.
|
['Adaptation, Psychological', 'Adult', 'Attitude of Health Personnel', 'Defense Mechanisms', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Interview, Psychological', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Patient Satisfaction', 'Physician-Patient Relations', 'Psychiatry', 'Psychotherapy']
| 9,789,273
|
[['F01.058'], ['M01.060.116'], ['F01.100.050', 'N05.300.100'], ['F01.393'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F04.669.599'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['F01.100.150.750.625', 'F01.145.488.887.625', 'N04.452.822.700', 'N05.300.150.800.625', 'N05.715.360.600'], ['F01.829.401.650.675', 'N05.300.660.625'], ['F04.096.544', 'H02.403.690'], ['F04.754']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Effect of sieved buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) flour supplementation on lipid profile and glucose tolerance.
|
Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) was picked up for a study of its effects on lipid profile and glucose tolerance in view of its relatively high fibre content. In earlier studies, we demonstrated that supplementing the daily diet with 100 g whole buckwheat flour raised the high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C)/cholesterol ratio and improved glucose tolerance. In the present study, 12 human volunteers replaced part of their cereal intake at lunch by a preparation made from 100 g sieved buckwheat flour for a period of 4 weeks. At the end of 4 wk, there was a significant rise in HDL-C from 42.8 +/- 11.4 mg/100 ml to 55.2 +/- 15.3 mg/100 ml (P less than 0.05), and in HDL-C/cholesterol ratio from 26.7 +/- 7.0% to 33.8 +/- 10.2% (P less than 0.02): The other changes in lipid profile were not significant. There was also no significant change in fasting blood glucose or oral glucose tolerance in the 5 subjects on whom the test was done. Comparing the results with the observations made earlier on whole buckwheat, it is still not possible to say to what extent the effects of buckwheat on lipids may be attributed to its fibre content. The effects on glucose tolerance, on the other hand, seem to be more directly related to the fibre content.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Diet', 'Dietary Fiber', 'Edible Grain', 'Flour', 'Glucose', 'Glucose Tolerance Test', 'Humans', 'Lipids', 'Lipoproteins', 'Male', 'Taste']
| 3,005,170
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['G07.203.650.240'], ['D09.301.416', 'G07.203.300.400', 'J02.500.400'], ['A18.024.500.750.500', 'B01.650.160.250', 'B01.650.510.250', 'G07.203.300.300.550', 'G07.203.300.775.500', 'J02.500.300.550', 'J02.500.775.500'], ['G07.203.300.484', 'J02.500.484'], ['D09.947.875.359.448'], ['E01.370.225.124.100.355', 'E01.370.374.355', 'E05.200.124.100.355'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D10'], ['D10.532', 'D12.776.521'], ['F02.830.816.724', 'G11.561.790.724']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
[Validation of sentinel node in breast cancer].
|
BACKGROUND: The sentinel lymph node biopsy in breast cancer can be used instead of axillary dissection when the node is negative because the sentinel lymph node (SLN) represents the first node that receive lymphatic drainage and may predict the tumor status of the entire lymph node group, so it may avoid a more morbid procedure. The objective of this study was to determinate the accuracy of this procedure and to evaluate techniques using blue dye, radiocolloid or both.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty-one women underwent sentinel lymphadenectomy followed by axillary lymph node dissection. Thirty-one patients underwent breast conserving surgery and 30 modified radical mastectomy. We studied three groups of patients: the first group was injected with isosulfan blue dye, the second group was injected with technetium-99m-labeled sulfur colloid and the third received both. From the patients marked with isosulfan blue, twenty two patients were injected subareolar (43.2%) and 29% into the breast parenchyma immediately surrounding the primary tumor or biopsy cavity (56.8%). Technetium-99m-labeled sulfur colloid was injected into the breast parenchyma immediately surrounding the primary tumor. Standard axillary lymphadenectomy including level I and level II was performed in all patients. Statistical analysis was performed with the SPSS 10.0 statistical software. Significance was considered at p < 0.05.RESULTS: At least one SLN was identified in all patients (100%). The SLN predicted the tumor status of the entire lymph node group in 59 patients (96.77%). There were two false negative sentinel nodes (3.3%), each one using isosulfan blue dye injected subareolar and surrounding a primary tumor. The mean number of SLNs removed were 1.06 in the group 1, 2.2 in the group 2 and 2.37 in the group 3 (p = 0.0001 for group 1 vs. 2 and 3). The sensitivity and negative predictive value were 91 and 95%, respectively.CONCLUSIONS: This procedure has enough accuracy to justify avoidamce of standard axillary lymphadenectomy when the sentinel node is negative for me- tastases. Both isosulfan blue dye injected techniques may be used indistinctly. When the radiocolloid technique is used there are an increase in the mean number of SLNs removed per patient.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Breast Neoplasms', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Middle Aged', 'Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy']
| 15,612,512
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C04.588.180', 'C17.800.090.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.370.225.500.384.100.580', 'E01.370.225.998.054.580', 'E01.370.388.100.580', 'E04.074.580', 'E04.446.819', 'E05.200.500.384.100.580', 'E05.200.998.054.580', 'E05.242.384.100.580']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
[The quality of breastfeeding preparation in the antenatal courses].
|
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the quality of breastfeeding preparation in the antenatal courses and to identify the other sources of breastfeeding information.DESIGN: Prospective study.SETTING: Thomayer's Hospital Prague.METHODS: Data collected from questionnaires presented on web pages of the Lactation League from 2005 to 2006 from 351 mothers were statistically analyzed.RESULTS: Only 52.8% of mothers were satisfied with the course content. Women who attended the antenatal preparation were more informed about the correct breastfeeding technique, the harmfulness bottle and pacifier usage, the disadvantages of the mother and newborn separation and alternative feeding methods than those who did not. The other sources of breastfeeding information were literature, magazines and internet. The health professional participation was only 9%. During pregnancy 82.9% of women did not pass the breast examination.CONCLUSIONS: It is necessary to improve the breastfeeding preparation quality of antenatal courses and to increase the health professional participation in breastfeeding information distribution.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Breast Feeding', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Infant Care', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Patient Education as Topic', 'Pregnancy', 'Prenatal Care']
| 18,411,639
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['F01.145.407.199', 'G07.203.650.195', 'G07.203.650.220.500.500', 'G07.203.650.353.199'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N02.421.088.120'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['I02.233.332.500', 'N02.421.726.407.680'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['E02.760.786', 'N02.421.143.620.704', 'N02.421.585.786']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Surgical treatment of inspissated bile syndrome using a 2-stage pure laparoscopic approach: a case report.
|
We describe a 99-day old girl with inspissated bile syndrome (IBS) unresponsive to treatment with oral ursodeoxycholic acid. We performed a pure laparoscopic 2-stage procedure, consisting of cholecystostomy and insertion of an indwelling balloon catheter for local ursodeoxycholic acid flushing for 13 consecutive days. Subsequently, the cholecystostomy was removed, preserving the gallbladder using the same laparoscopical approach when bilirubin values returned to normal and bile duct obstruction was no longer detectable radiologically. This is the first report of an exclusively laparoscopic management of IBS.
|
['Cholangiography', 'Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic', 'Cholecystostomy', 'Cholestasis, Extrahepatic', 'Combined Modality Therapy', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Risk Assessment', 'Syndrome', 'Therapeutic Irrigation', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Ursodeoxycholic Acid']
| 23,217,917
|
[['E01.370.350.700.715.200', 'E01.370.372.200'], ['E04.210.120.172.140', 'E04.502.250.520.160'], ['E04.035.195', 'E04.210.120.195'], ['C06.130.120.135.150'], ['E02.186'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.715', 'N04.452.871.715', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.690', 'N06.850.505.715', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.715'], ['C23.550.288.500'], ['E02.779.492.500', 'E02.831.535.492.500', 'E05.927'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['D04.210.500.105.225.272.962', 'D04.210.500.221.430.342.925']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
The influence of footwear sole hardness on slip characteristics and slip-induced falls in young adults.
|
Theoretically, a shoe that provides less friction could result in a greater slip distance and foot slipping velocity, thereby increasing the likelihood of falling. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of sole hardness on the probability of slip-induced falls. Forty young adults were randomized into a hard or a soft sole shoe group, and tested under both nonslippery and slippery floor conditions using a motion analysis system. The proportions of fall events in the hard- and soft-soled shoe groups were not statistically different. No differences were observed between shoe groups for average slip distance, peak and average heel velocity, and center of mass slipping velocity. A strong association was found between slip distance and the fall probability. Our results demonstrate that the probability of a slip-induced fall was not influenced by shoe hardness. Once a slip is induced, slip distance was the primary predictor of a slip-induced fall.
|
['Accidental Falls', 'Adult', 'Consumer Product Safety', 'Equipment Design', 'Floors and Floorcoverings', 'Hardness', 'Humans', 'Logistic Models', 'Random Allocation', 'Shoes', 'Young Adult']
| 23,062,013
|
[['N06.850.135.122'], ['M01.060.116'], ['N06.850.210'], ['E05.320'], ['J01.086.339.140'], ['G01.374.647'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.740.500.525', 'E05.318.740.600.800.450', 'E05.318.740.750.450', 'E05.599.835.875', 'N05.715.360.750.530.480', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.450', 'N05.715.360.750.695.470', 'N06.850.520.830.500.525', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.450', 'N06.850.520.830.750.450'], ['E05.318.370.700', 'E05.581.500.805', 'N05.715.360.325.675', 'N06.850.520.445.700'], ['J01.637.215.800'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Factor analysis and somatotyping, are these two physique classification methods comparable?
|
The aim of this study was to investigate the correspondence of physique structures estimated by the Heath-Carter anthropometric somatotyping method and a factor analysis based on the same set of 10 variables used by Heath-Carter. The investigation was carried out on a group of 200 healthy young adults of 20 years of age who were students of physical education. The mean somatotype was 2.7-4.6-3.0 for the males and 3.3-3.4-3.1 for the females. The 73% of the total variance in males and 75% in females were represented by three factors. They were identified as muscular, fatness and skeletal factors in the males, and in the females as muscular-trunk fatness, skeletal and limb fatness factors. A PCA gives different results depending on the measurements used for the calculation. The same set of variables as for the somatotyping method were used intentionally to extract the PCA factors and to evaluate the possible correspondence between these factors and the Heath-Carter components. On the basis of the correlation between the factors and the somatotype components, one can conclude that there is: (1) a high correspondence between endomorphy and fatness factors in both sexes; (2) that mesomorphy correlated positively with the muscular factor in males and negatively with the skeletal factor in both sexes; and (3) that ectomorphy was highly positively correlated with the skeletal factor and negatively with the other two factors in both sexes. Factors and somatotype components do not correspond exactly which leads to the following conclusions: (1) The three somatotype components cannot be identified as orthogonal factors in a factorial analysis based on the same measurements as for the somatotype, e.g. the ectomorphy component is not an independent factor in males or in females; (2) The muscle measurements and bone width used to estimate mesomorphy in somatotyping scored in two independent factors; and (3) The factor structure of the 10 measurements was sex dependent.
|
['Adult', 'Anthropology, Physical', 'Anthropometry', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Somatotypes']
| 9,741,484
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['I01.076.368'], ['E01.370.600.024', 'E05.041', 'N06.850.505.200.100'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.600.115.800', 'G07.100.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
A high-resolution microsatellite map of the mouse genome.
|
The European Collaborative Interspecific Backcross (EUCIB) resource was constructed for the purposes of high-resolution genetic mapping of the mouse genome (). The large Mus spretus/C57BL/6 backcross of 982 progeny has a genetic resolution of 0.3 cM at the 95% confidence level ( approximately 500 kb in the mouse genome). We have used the EUCIB mapping resource to develop a genome-wide high-resolution genetic map incorporating 3368 microsatellites. The microsatellites are distributed among 2302 genetically separated bins with 1.46 markers per bin on average. Average bin separation is 0.61 cM. This high-resolution genetic map will aid the construction of a robust physical map of the mouse genome.
|
['Animals', 'Chromosome Mapping', 'Chromosomes', 'Crosses, Genetic', 'Databases, Factual', 'Genetic Markers', 'Genome', 'Genotype', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Microsatellite Repeats', 'Muridae', 'Probability', 'Recombination, Genetic']
| 9,582,196
|
[['B01.050'], ['E05.393.183'], ['A11.284.187', 'A11.284.430.106.279.345.190', 'G05.360.162'], ['E05.393.281'], ['L01.313.500.750.300.188.400', 'L01.470.750.750'], ['D23.101.387', 'G05.695.450'], ['G05.360.340'], ['G05.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['G02.111.570.080.708.800.500', 'G05.360.080.708.800.500', 'G05.360.340.024.850.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635'], ['E05.318.740.600', 'G17.680', 'N05.715.360.750.625', 'N06.850.520.830.600'], ['G05.728']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
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Novel insights into the response of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) to Piscirickettsia salmonis: Interplay of coding genes and lncRNAs during bacterial infection.
|
Despite the high prevalence and impact to Chilean salmon aquaculture of the intracellular bacterium Piscirickettsia salmonis, the molecular underpinnings of host-pathogen interactions remain unclear. Herein, the interplay of coding and non-coding transcripts has been proposed as a key mechanism involved in immune response. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evidence how coding and non-coding transcripts are modulated during the infection process of Atlantic salmon with P. salmonis. For this, RNA-seq was conducted in brain, spleen, and head kidney samples, revealing different transcriptional profiles according to bacterial load. Additionally, while most of the regulated genes annotated for diverse biological processes during infection, a common response associated with clathrin-mediated endocytosis and iron homeostasis was present in all tissues. Interestingly, while endocytosis-promoting factors and clathrin inductions were upregulated, endocytic receptors were mainly downregulated. Furthermore, the regulation of genes related to iron homeostasis suggested an intracellular accumulation of iron, a process in which heme biosynthesis/degradation pathways might play an important role. Regarding the non-coding response, 918 putative long non-coding RNAs were identified, where 425 were newly characterized for S. salar. Finally, co-localization and co-expression analyses revealed a strong correlation between the modulations of long non-coding RNAs and genes associated with endocytosis and iron homeostasis. These results represent the first comprehensive study of putative interplaying mechanisms of coding and non-coding RNAs during bacterial infection in salmonids.
|
['Animals', 'Bacterial Load', 'Endocytosis', 'Fish Diseases', 'Fish Proteins', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Piscirickettsia', 'Piscirickettsiaceae Infections', 'RNA, Long Noncoding', 'Salmo salar', 'Transcriptome']
| 27,818,337
|
[['B01.050'], ['E01.370.225.875.150.115', 'E01.370.225.875.220.115', 'E05.200.875.150.115', 'E05.200.875.220.115', 'G06.099.100'], ['G04.417'], ['C22.362'], ['D12.776.325'], ['G05.308'], ['B03.660.250.565.600'], ['C01.150.252.400.719'], ['D13.444.735.790.375'], ['B01.050.150.900.493.817.750.705.790'], ['G02.111.873.750', 'G05.297.700.750', 'G05.360.920']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Molecular Study of Nephronophthisis in 7 Unrelated Pakistani Families.
|
Nephronophthisis is an autosomal recessive cystic kidney disease characterized by tubular interstitial infiltration, periglomerular fibrosis, and cysts, and is the most frequent genetic cause of end-stage renal disease in children. Nephronophthisis is pleiotropic as almost all the causative genes are involved in primary cilium and centrosome function which are found in almost all human cells. Genetic heterogeneity in nephronophthisis makes the molecular and genetic diagnosis somewhat difficult. Homozygous deletions in the nephronophthisis 1 (NPHP1) gene are the major contributor of nephronophthisis cases, while other genes accounts for less than 3% each. Nephronophthisis-related ciliopathy is a term used for extrarenal symptoms in addition to nephronophthisis. Herein, we are reporting the molecular study of 7 children from independent families fulfilling the criteria of nephronophthisis. A deletion analysis of the NPHP1 gene was performed in each case, and NPHP5 mutation screening was performed in the absence of such deletion in patients with Senior Loken syndrome.
|
['Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing', 'Calmodulin-Binding Proteins', 'Ciliopathies', 'Codon, Nonsense', 'Cytoskeletal Proteins', 'Disease Progression', 'Female', 'Gene Deletion', 'Genetic Predisposition to Disease', 'Heredity', 'Humans', 'Kidney Diseases, Cystic', 'Leber Congenital Amaurosis', 'Male', 'Membrane Proteins', 'Optic Atrophies, Hereditary', 'Pakistan', 'Pedigree', 'Phenotype']
| 30,087,219
|
[['D12.644.360.024', 'D12.776.157.057', 'D12.776.476.024'], ['D12.776.157.142'], ['C16.131.077.245', 'C16.320.184'], ['D13.444.735.544.355.250.235', 'G05.360.335.355.250.235', 'G05.365.590.195'], ['D12.776.220'], ['C23.550.291.656'], ['G05.365.590.762.320', 'G05.558.800.320'], ['C23.550.291.687.500', 'G05.380.355'], ['G05.390'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C12.777.419.403', 'C13.351.968.419.403'], ['C11.270.516', 'C11.768.364'], ['D12.776.543'], ['C10.292.700.225.500', 'C10.574.500.662', 'C11.270.564', 'C11.640.451.451', 'C16.320.290.564', 'C16.320.400.630'], ['Z01.252.245.723'], ['E05.393.673'], ['G05.695']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
|
Increase in extracellular glutamate caused by reduced cerebral perfusion pressure and seizures after human traumatic brain injury: a microdialysis study.
|
OBJECT: To determine the extent and duration of change in extracellular glutamate levels after human traumatic brain injury (TBI), 17 severely brain injured adults underwent implantation of a cerebral microdialysis probe and systematic sampling was conducted for 1 to 9 days postinjury.METHODS: A total of 772 hourly microdialysis samples were obtained in 17 patients (median Glasgow Coma Scale score 5+/-2.5, mean age 39.4+/-20.4 years). The mean (+/-standard deviation) glutamate levels in the dialysate were evaluated for 9 days, during which the mean peak concentration reached 25.4+/-13.7 microM on postinjury Day 3. In each patient transient elevations in glutamate were seen each day. However, these elevations were most commonly seen on Day 3. In all patients there was a mean of 4.5+/-2.5 transient elevations in glutamate lasting a mean duration of 4.4+/-4.9 hours. These increases were seen in conjunction with seizure activity. However, in many seizure-free patients the increase in extracellular glutamate occurred when cerebral perfusion pressure was less than 70 mm Hg (p < 0.001). Given the potential injury-induced uncoupling of cerebral blood flow and metabolism after TBI, these increases in extracellular glutamate may reflect a degree of enhanced cellular crisis, which in severe head injury in humans appears to last up to 9 days.CONCLUSIONS: Extracellular neurochemical measurements of excitatory amino acids may provide a marker for secondary insults that can compound human TBI.
|
['Adult', 'Biomarkers', 'Blood Pressure', 'Brain Injuries', 'Brain Ischemia', 'Cerebrovascular Circulation', 'Extracellular Space', 'Female', 'Glutamic Acid', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Microdialysis', 'Middle Aged', 'Prospective Studies', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Wounds and Injuries']
| 9,833,824
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D23.101'], ['E01.370.600.875.249', 'G09.330.380.076'], ['C10.228.140.199', 'C10.900.300.087', 'C26.915.300.200'], ['C10.228.140.300.150', 'C14.907.253.092'], ['G09.330.100.159'], ['A10.082.500', 'A11.284.295'], ['D12.125.067.625.349', 'D12.125.119.409.349', 'D12.125.427.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.196.353.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['C26']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Contribution to therapeutic decisions of ratios, absolute values and other measures of calcium, magnesium, urate or oxalate balance in stone formers.
|
Investigation of multiple serum and urinary factors in 44 patients with calcium urinary stone disease confirmed a number of defects that have been described previously: elevation of mean serum calcium and uric acid above normal, and depression of mean serum magnesium. Urinary excretion of calcium and uric acid was increased and was increased and was probably related to food ingestion. Urinary magnesium also increased after eating but less than calcium, with the result that for most patients the magnesium to calcium x 100 ratio approached levels observed in stone formation. Urinary oxalate excretion was constant during the entire observation period and apparently was not affected by ingestion of a defined diet. Nine additional patients had persistent hypercalcemia owing to hyperparathyroidism (5 confirmed, 1 suspected), malignancy (2) and drug ingestion (1). Metabolic evaluation of patients with calcium urinary calculi continues to contribute to decisions regarding their best therapeutic regimen.
|
['Calcium', 'Diet', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hypercalcemia', 'Hyperparathyroidism', 'Kidney Calculi', 'Magnesium', 'Male', 'Oxalates', 'Uric Acid']
| 957,503
|
[['D01.268.552.100', 'D01.552.539.288', 'D23.119.100'], ['G07.203.650.240'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C18.452.174.451', 'C18.452.950.340'], ['C19.642.355'], ['C12.777.419.600.500', 'C12.777.967.249.500', 'C12.777.967.500.503', 'C13.351.968.419.600.500', 'C13.351.968.967.249.500', 'C13.351.968.967.500.503', 'C23.300.175.850.550'], ['D01.268.552.437', 'D01.268.557.500', 'D01.552.547.500'], ['D02.241.081.337.593'], ['D03.132.960.877', 'D03.633.100.759.758.824.877']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 mediates mu-opioid receptor desensitization in GABAergic neurons of the nucleus raphe magnus.
|
Nucleus raphe magnus (NRM) sends the projection to spinal dorsal horn and inhibits nociceptive transmission. Analgesic effect produced by mu-opioid receptor agonists including morphine partially results from activating the NRM-spinal cord pathway. It is generally believed that mu-opioid receptor agonists disinhibit spinally projecting neurons of the NRM and produce analgesia by hyperpolarizing GABAergic interneurons. In the present study, whole-cell patch-clamp recordings combined with single-cell RT-PCR analysis were used to test the hypothesis that DAMGO ([D-Ala(2),N-methyl-Phe(4),Gly-ol(5)]enkephalin), a specific mu-opioid receptor agonist, selectively hyperpolarizes NRM neurons expressing mRNA of glutamate decarboxylase (GAD(67)). Homologous desensitization of mu-opioid receptors in NRM neurons could result in the development of morphine-induced tolerance. G protein-coupled receptor kinase (GRK) is believed to mediate mu-opioid receptor desensitization in vivo. Therefore, we also investigated the involvement of GRK in mediating homologous desensitization of DAMAMGO-induced electrophysiological effects on NRM neurons by using two experimental strategies. First, single-cell RT-PCR assay was used to study the expression of GRK2 and GRK3 mRNAs in individual DAMGO-responsive NRM neurons. Whole-cell recording was also performed with an internal solution containing the synthetic peptide, which corresponds to G(betagamma)-binding domain of GRK and inhibits G(betagamma) activation of GRK. Our results suggest that DAMGO selectively hyperpolarizes NRM GABAergic neurons by opening inwardly rectifying K(+) channels and that GRK2 mediates short-term homologous desensitization of mu-opioid receptors in NRM GABAergic neurons.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Analgesics, Opioid', 'Animals', 'Binding Sites', 'Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases', 'Drug Tolerance', 'Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-', 'G-Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinase 2', 'G-Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinase 3', 'Glutamate Decarboxylase', 'Ion Transport', 'Membrane Potentials', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Nerve Tissue Proteins', 'Neurons', 'Oligopeptides', 'Pain', 'Patch-Clamp Techniques', 'Phosphorylation', 'Potassium', 'Potassium Channels', 'Potassium Channels, Inwardly Rectifying', 'Protein Processing, Post-Translational', 'Protein Structure, Tertiary', 'Protein Transport', 'Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Raphe Nuclei', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Receptors, Opioid, mu', 'Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Signal Transduction', 'Spinal Cord', 'beta-Adrenergic Receptor Kinases', 'gamma-Aminobutyric Acid']
| 11,299,306
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['D27.505.696.277.600.500', 'D27.505.696.663.850.014.760.500', 'D27.505.954.427.040.550.500', 'D27.505.954.427.210.600.500'], ['B01.050'], ['G02.111.570.120'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.150.125', 'D12.644.360.200.125', 'D12.776.476.200.125'], ['G07.690.773.992'], ['D12.644.400.575.281.075', 'D12.776.631.650.575.281.075'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.364.049.200', 'D12.644.360.293.249.200', 'D12.776.476.293.249.200'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.364.049.300', 'D12.644.360.293.249.300', 'D12.776.476.293.249.300'], ['D08.811.520.224.125.250'], ['G03.143.500'], ['G01.154.535', 'G04.580', 'G07.265.675', 'G11.561.570'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['D12.776.631'], ['A08.675', 'A11.671'], ['D12.644.456'], ['C23.888.592.612', 'F02.830.816.444', 'G11.561.790.444'], ['E05.200.500.905', 'E05.242.800'], ['G02.111.665', 'G02.607.780', 'G03.796'], ['D01.268.549.550', 'D01.268.557.575', 'D01.552.528.652', 'D01.552.547.650'], ['D12.776.157.530.400.600', 'D12.776.543.550.450.750', 'D12.776.543.585.400.750'], ['D12.776.157.530.400.600.450', 'D12.776.543.550.450.750.450', 'D12.776.543.585.400.750.450'], ['G02.111.660.871.790.600', 'G02.111.691.600', 'G03.734.871.790.600', 'G05.308.670.600'], ['G02.111.570.820.709.610'], ['G03.143.700'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['A08.186.211.132.659.413.875.618', 'A08.186.211.132.810.428.600.650.562', 'A08.186.211.132.810.591.500.662'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.620.550', 'D12.776.543.750.720.600.610.550', 'D12.776.543.750.750.555.610.550'], ['E05.393.620.500.725'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['A08.186.854'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.364.049', 'D12.644.360.293.249', 'D12.776.476.293.249'], ['D02.241.081.114.500.350', 'D12.125.190.350']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Fear of dental treatment--an underrecognized symptom in people with impaired mental health.
|
BACKGROUND: In industrialized countries, about 5% to 15% of all adults have a pathologically severe fear of dental treatment, and some 3% avoid going to the dentist altogether. The affected persons may, in turn, suffer from severe dental diseases and their psychosocial effects. Many people with dental phobia have other mental disorders as well. These facts motivated us to study the prevalence of fear of dental treatment in a group of patients being treated by our psychosomatic service.METHOD: 212 patients of our psychosomatic service and 95 healthy controls were studied with the Hierarchical Anxiety Questionnaire (HAQ) to determine the intensity of their fear of dental treatment. Mental disorders were diagnosed with structured clinical interviews according to DSM-IV.RESULTS: Nearly one patient in three (30.5%, n = 64) suffered from pathologically severe fear of dental treatment; 24 of them (38.5%) had avoided visiting a dentist for longer than one year. Only 4 (4.2%) of the healthy controls were greatly afraid of dental treatment. Certain types of mental disorder were especially highly associated with fear of dental treatment: in particular, anxiety disorders (relative risk [RR] 7.44, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.68-20.70) and depressive disorders (RR 4.92, 95% CI 1.73-14.05). Patients with post-traumatic stress disorder were affected most commonly: 34 (42%) of these patients were greatly afraid of dental treatment (RR 9.97, 95% CI 3.69-26.90). 75 of the 134 study participants who were afraid of dental treatment (56%) had cancelled a dental appointment, or failed to appear for a scheduled appointment, because of their fears.CONCLUSION: Fear of dental treatment commonly accompanies certain types of mental disorder. Patients at high risk should be asked about such fears so that the problem can be recognized early and appropriately treated.
|
['Adult', 'Age Distribution', 'Appointments and Schedules', 'Comorbidity', 'Continuity of Patient Care', 'Dental Anxiety', 'Dental Care', 'Female', 'Germany', 'Humans', 'Incidence', 'Male', 'Mental Disorders', 'Mental Health', 'Patient Compliance', 'Risk Factors', 'Sex Distribution']
| 24,069,071
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['I01.240.050', 'N01.224.033', 'N06.850.505.400.050'], ['N04.452.095'], ['N05.715.350.225', 'N06.850.490.687'], ['E02.760.169', 'N02.421.585.169', 'N04.590.233.727.210'], ['F01.470.132.300'], ['E06.170', 'N02.421.240.190'], ['Z01.542.315'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.375', 'N01.224.935.597.500', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.375', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.375'], ['F03'], ['F02.418', 'N01.400.500'], ['F01.100.150.750.500.600', 'F01.145.488.887.500.600', 'N05.300.150.800.500.600'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['I01.240.800', 'N01.224.803', 'N06.850.505.400.850']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Induction of superoxide by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate and thapsigargin, a non-phorbol-ester-type tumor promoter, in peritoneal macrophages elicited from SENCAR and B6C3F1 mice: a permissive role for the arachidonic acid cascade in signal transduction.
|
Local production of reactive oxygen intermediates, e.g., superoxide anion, by tumor promoter-stimulated inflammatory macrophages (MPs) may contribute significantly to tumor development in classical models of two-stage chemical-induced carcinogenesis in murine skin. In the studies reported herein, peritoneal MPs elicited from phorbol-ester-sensitive SENCAR mice demonstrated a time- and dose-dependent release of superoxide anion (4-6 nmol/10(6) cells) when stimulated by 200 nM 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) in vitro; MP superoxide response was significantly inhibited (50-70%) by preincubation with 40 microM 1-(5-isoquinolinyl-sulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine (H-7), a protein-kinase inhibitor. Alternatively, TPA-stimulated MPs derived from relatively resistant B6C3F1 mice generated negligible superoxide under the same conditions. A similar strain-dependent induction of superoxide was observed when MPs were stimulated with thapsigargin (TG), a tumor promoter previously shown to act independently of protein kinase C (PKC). TG-stimulated SENCAR MPs released a significant amount of superoxide (2-3 nmol/10(6) cells) that was not inhibited by H-7; MPs from B6C3F1 mice demonstrated negligible stimulation by TG. Preincubation of SENCAR MPs with 100 microM dibromoacetophenone, an inhibitor of phospholipase A2, completely suppressed the superoxide induced by TPA and TG stimulation. Like TPA, 50 microM 1-oleoyl-2-acetylglycerol, a diacylglycerol analogue and PKC activator, also induced a significant amount of superoxide from SENCAR MPs only. In parallel with the superoxide findings, TPA and TG stimulated significantly greater [3H]arachidonic acid release from prelabeled SENCAR MPs (a 32% and 48% increase, respectively, over unstimulated controls) relative to MPs from B6C3F1 mice. Two-dimensional gel-electrophoretic analysis indicated that TPA-induced phosphorylation of a 47-kDa protein (a presumed substrate for PKC previously linked to NADPH oxidase activation in guinea pig and human polymorphonuclear leukocytes) occurred in MPs from both SENCAR and B6C3F1 mice. Therefore, arachidonic acid production may be a common biochemical pathway by which phorbol-ester--and non-phorbol-ester--type tumor promoters activate MPs in SENCAR mice; such a response may be "permissive" for additive (or synergistic) interactions with PKC-driven signal pathways.
|
['Analysis of Variance', 'Animals', 'Arachidonic Acid', 'Carcinogens', 'Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional', 'Enzyme Activation', 'Female', 'Macrophages', 'Mice', 'Phosphorylation', 'Protein Kinase C', 'Reactive Oxygen Species', 'Signal Transduction', 'Species Specificity', 'Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms', 'Superoxides', 'Terpenes', 'Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate', 'Thapsigargin']
| 8,384,457
|
[['E05.318.740.150', 'N05.715.360.750.125', 'N06.850.520.830.150'], ['B01.050'], ['D10.251.355.255.100.100', 'D10.251.355.310.166.100'], ['D27.888.569.100'], ['E05.196.401.250', 'E05.301.300.230'], ['G02.111.263', 'G03.328'], ['A11.329.372', 'A11.627.482', 'A11.733.397', 'A15.382.670.522', 'A15.382.680.397'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['G02.111.665', 'G02.607.780', 'G03.796'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.725'], ['D01.339.431', 'D01.650.775'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['G16.824'], ['G06.320.676'], ['D01.248.497.158.685.750.850', 'D01.339.431.374.850', 'D01.650.550.750.800', 'D02.389.338.732'], ['D02.455.849'], ['D02.455.849.291.500.510.850'], ['D02.455.426.392.368.284.500.888', 'D02.455.849.765.674.500.750.888', 'D04.663.500.750.888']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Calcium carbonate nanoparticles stimulate tumor metabolic reprogramming and modulate tumor metastasis.
|
AIM: CaCO3 nanoparticles (nano-CaCO3) can neutralize the acidic pHe of solid tumors, but the lack of intrinsic imaging signal precludes noninvasive monitoring of pH-perturbation in tumor microenvironment. We aim to develop a theranostic version of nano-CaCO3 to noninvasively monitor pH modulation and subsequent tumor response.MATERIALS & METHODS: We synthesized ferromagnetic core coated with CaCO3 (magnetite CaCO3). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to determine the biodistribution and pH modulation using murine fibrosarcoma and breast cancer models.RESULTS: Magnetite CaCO3-MRI imaging showed that nano-CaCO3 rapidly raised tumor pHe, followed by excessive tumor-associated acid production after its clearance. Continuous nano-CaCO3 infusion could inhibit metastasis.CONCLUSION: Nano-CaCO3 exposure induces tumor metabolic reprogramming that could account for the failure of previous intermittent pH-modulation strategies to achieve sustainable therapeutic effect.
|
['Animals', 'Breast Neoplasms', 'Calcium Carbonate', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Cell Survival', 'Female', 'Fibrosarcoma', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Nanoparticles', 'Neoplasm Metastasis', 'Particle Size', 'Theranostic Nanomedicine', 'Tumor Microenvironment']
| 30,730,790
|
[['B01.050'], ['C04.588.180', 'C17.800.090.500'], ['D01.146.275', 'D01.200.275.150.150', 'D01.578.200'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['G04.346'], ['C04.557.450.565.590.350', 'C04.557.450.795.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['J01.637.512.600'], ['C04.697.650', 'C23.550.727.650'], ['G02.712'], ['E01.894', 'E02.785.500', 'E02.921', 'H01.603.600.500', 'H02.403.200.700.500', 'H02.403.845', 'J01.897.520.600.600.500'], ['G04.366.500']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Transglutaminase treatment of wheat and maize prolamins of bread increases the serum IgA reactivity of celiac disease patients.
|
Celiac disease (CD) is mediated by IgA antibodies to wheat gliadins and tissue transglutaminase (tTG). As tTG is homologous to microbial transglutaminase (mTG) used to improve foodstuff quality, it could elicit the immune response of celiac patients. This study evaluated the reactivity of IgA of celiac patients to prolamins of wheat and gluten-free (maize and rice flours) breads mTG-treated or not. Prolamins extracted from wheat and gluten-free breads were analyzed by ELISA and immunodetected on membranes with individual or pooled sera from nine celiac patients recently diagnosed. Sera pool IgA titers were higher against prolamins of mTG-treated wheat or gluten-free breads than against mTG-untreated, mainly due to two individual patients' sera. The electrophoretic pattern of gluten-free bread prolamins was changed by the mTG treatment, and a new 31000 band originated in maize was recognized by three CD patients' IgA.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Bread', 'Celiac Disease', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Immunoglobulin A', 'Infant', 'Male', 'Plant Proteins', 'Prolamins', 'Transglutaminases', 'Triticum', 'Zea mays']
| 18,193,828
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['G07.203.300.100', 'J02.500.100'], ['C06.405.469.637.250', 'C18.452.603.250'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.619.026', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.619.026', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.619.026'], ['M01.060.703'], ['D12.776.765'], ['D12.776.765.433.500', 'D12.776.765.725.500'], ['D08.811.913.050.200.800'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.822.918'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.822.966']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Misconceptions, preferences and barriers to alcohol use disorder treatment in alcohol-related cirrhosis.
|
BACKGROUND: While alcohol cessation improves mortality in alcoholic liver disease (ALD), many patients struggle to achieve abstinence. Our aim was to characterize ALD patients' preferences, misconceptions, and barriers to alcohol use treatment options.METHODS: This mixed-methods study included outpatients with a history of alcohol-related cirrhosis or alcoholic hepatitis recruited from a hepatology clinic for a survey or an in-depth semi-structured interview. We purposefully sampled men and women, compensated and decompensated patients to ensure adequate representation of gender and severity of liver disease for the qualitative interviews.RESULTS: 123 patients completed surveys among which 50% reported having at least one drink within the past year while only 20 patients were in any form of current alcohol treatment. Of the 23 patients reporting drinking within 3 months, only 3 were in AUD treatment currently. 17% had at least one misconception about alcohol use or treatment. An additional 22 ALD patients (10 women, 12 men) completed phone interviews of which two-third self-reported alcohol abstinence. All 22 interview participants had awareness of some form of alcohol treatment, but 13 felt that they did not need treatment with several characterizing it as ineffective or a "waste of time." Misconceptions included inaccurate perceptions of relapse medication side effects, beliefs that the presence of advanced liver disease symptoms means it is too late to treat alcohol use, and a lack of understanding about the chronicity of alcohol use disorders. The most common barriers to treatment included unwillingness to be in treatment, financial/insurance and transportation barriers.CONCLUSIONS: Alcohol use treatment was underutilized in many ALD patients, despite active drinking in many. Tailored education and preference sensitive treatment engagement may overcome barriers to alcohol use treatment and promote abstinence.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Alcohol Abstinence', 'Alcohol Drinking', 'Alcoholism', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Interviews as Topic', 'Liver Cirrhosis, Alcoholic', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Recurrence', 'Surveys and Questionnaires']
| 29,910,011
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['F01.145.317.134'], ['F01.145.317.269'], ['C25.775.100.250', 'F03.900.100.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.420', 'L01.399.250.520', 'N05.715.360.300.400', 'N06.850.520.308.420'], ['C06.552.630.380', 'C06.552.645.590', 'C23.550.355.412.380', 'C25.775.100.087.645.550'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C23.550.291.937'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Maternal cigarette smoking and its effect on neonatal lymphocyte subpopulations and replication.
|
BACKGROUND: Significant immunomodulatory effects have been described as result of cigarette smoking in adults and pregnant women. However, the effect of cigarette smoking during pregnancy on the lymphocyte subpopulations in newborns has been discussed, controversially.METHODS: In a prospective birth cohort, we analyzed the peripheral lymphocyte subpopulations of smoking (SM) and non-smoking mothers (NSM) and their newborns and the replicative history of neonatal, mostly naive CD4 + CD45RA + T cells by measurements of T-cell-receptor-excision-circles (TRECs), relative telomere lengths (RTL) and the serum cytokine concentrations.RESULTS: SM had higher lymphocyte counts than NSM. Comparing SM and NSM and SM newborns with NSM newborns, no significant differences in proportions of lymphocyte subpopulations were seen. Regardless of their smoking habits, mothers had significantly lower naive T cells and higher memory and effector T cells than newborns. NSM had significantly lower percentages of CD4 + CD25++ T cells compared to their newborns, which was not significant in SM. There were no differences regarding cytokine concentrations in newborns of SM and NSM. However, NSM had significantly higher Interleukin-7 concentrations than their newborns. Regardless of smoking habits of mothers, newborns had significantly longer telomeres and higher TRECs than their mothers. Newborns of SM had significantly longer telomeres than newborns of NSM.CONCLUSIONS: Apart from higher lymphocyte counts in SM, our results did not reveal differences between lymphocyte subpopulations of SM and NSM and their newborns, respectively. Our finding of significantly longer RTL in newborns of SM may reflect potential harm on lymphocytes, such as cytogenetic damage induced by smoking.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Biomarkers', 'CD4 Lymphocyte Count', 'CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes', 'Cohort Studies', 'Cytokines', 'Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay', 'Female', 'Fetal Blood', 'Humans', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Pregnancy', 'Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects', 'Prospective Studies', 'Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Smoking', 'T-Lymphocyte Subsets', 'Telomere', 'Young Adult']
| 23,597,118
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['D23.101'], ['E01.370.225.500.195.107.595.500.150', 'E01.370.225.625.107.595.500.150', 'E05.200.500.195.107.595.500.150', 'E05.200.625.107.595.500.150', 'E05.242.195.107.595.500.150', 'G04.140.107.595.500.150', 'G09.188.105.595.500.150'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.569.200', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.200', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.200'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['D12.644.276.374', 'D12.776.467.374', 'D23.529.374'], ['E05.478.566.350.170', 'E05.478.566.380.360', 'E05.478.583.400.170', 'E05.601.470.350.170', 'E05.601.470.380.360'], ['A12.207.152.200', 'A15.145.300', 'A16.378.200'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['C13.703.824.500'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E05.393.620.500.725'], ['F01.145.805'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.550.500', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.500', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.550.500', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.500', 'A15.382.490.555.567.550.500', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.500'], ['A11.284.430.106.279.345.190.160.845', 'G05.360.160.845'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Assessment of three dimensional bone augmentation of severely atrophied maxillary alveolar ridges using prebent titanium mesh vs customized poly-ether-ether-ketone (PEEK) mesh: A randomized clinical trial.
|
BACKGROUND: Alveolar bone grafting techniques and dental rehabilitation of patients with maxillary alveolar defects is a very challenging and costly procedure. Various methods have been described to reconstruct these defects in order to facilitate the placement of dental implants. The aim of this study was to assess three dimensional (3D) maxillary ridge augmentation using two innovative, accurate, and time saving protocols.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixteen patients (32 implants) with vertically and horizontally deficient maxillary alveolar ridges, were equally allocated into 2 groups; a mix of particulate autogenous and xenogenic bone grafts loaded in a prebent titanium mesh (Control group) vs patient specific poly-ether-ether ketone meshes (Study group). Radiographic assessment was performed preoperatively, 1 week and 6 months postoperatively. Assessment included measurements of linear changes in the vertical and horizontal dimensions on cross sectional cuts of cone beam computed tomography using special software. Finally; the percentage of 3D bone gain in each group was compared to that of the other.RESULTS: Wound healing was uneventful for all cases except one patient in each group were the meshes were exposed 2 weeks' postsurgery. There was no statistical significance between both groups (P value = 0.2).CONCLUSION: Within the limitations of the sample size of this study, both techniques could be used as a successful method of ridge augmentation with no statistical significance between them.
|
['Alveolar Process', 'Alveolar Ridge Augmentation', 'Bone Transplantation', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Dental Implantation, Endosseous', 'Ether', 'Ethers', 'Humans', 'Ketones', 'Maxilla', 'Surgical Mesh', 'Titanium']
| 30,895,678
|
[['A02.835.232.781.324.502.125', 'A14.521.125', 'A14.549.167.646.094'], ['E04.545.550.100', 'E06.645.550.100'], ['E02.095.147.725.052', 'E04.555.130', 'E04.936.580.052'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['E04.545.550.280.280', 'E04.650.230.500', 'E06.645.550.280.280', 'E06.780.314.310'], ['D02.355.417.332'], ['D02.355'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D02.522'], ['A02.835.232.781.324.502.645', 'A14.521.645'], ['E07.858.708'], ['D01.268.557.800', 'D01.268.956.878', 'D01.552.547.800']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Histopathologic examination of a globe containing an intraocular implant.
|
A patient had both cataracts removed and a Copeland pseudophakos was implanted in one eye. Both globes were retained at autopsy for histopathologic study. The globe containing the implant did not show evidence of acute or chronic inflammation of the anterior segment, nor did it display signs suggesting secondary glaucoma. Some erosion of the iris pigment epithelium was present. In general, the globe appeared to tolerate the implant.
|
['Aged', 'Aphakia, Postcataract', 'Eye', 'Humans', 'Lens, Crystalline', 'Lenses, Intraocular', 'Male']
| 7,092,029
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['C11.510.103.110'], ['A01.456.505.420', 'A09.371'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A09.371.060.500'], ['E07.632.500.460', 'E07.695.460']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Glycerol conformation and the crystal structure of lipids. I. An electron diffraction study of tripalmitin and conformationally fixed analogs.
|
Transmission electron diffraction is used as a qualitative analytical probe of polymethylene chain packing in three conformationally-restricted analogs of tripalmitin derived from configurational isomers of cyclopentane-1,2,3-triol. The analysis demonstrates that the all trans "tuning-fork" conformation seen in X-ray crystal structure analyses on homologous compounds is also found in microcrystals, in contrast to a proposal by Fringeli et al. (Z. Naturforsch. 27b, 780 [1972]) that an all cis conformation of the triglyceride exists in solvent-grown microcrystals and in multilayers. The presence of mixed polymorphs is also shown for bulk samples previously examined by X-ray powder diffraction techniques by other workers.
|
['Crystallography', 'Electrons', 'Glycerol', 'Molecular Conformation', 'Palmitic Acids', 'Structure-Activity Relationship', 'Triglycerides']
| 143,817
|
[['E05.196.309', 'H01.181.529.240'], ['G01.249.335', 'G01.358.500.750'], ['D02.033.800.875.500', 'D09.853.875.500'], ['G02.111.570.820'], ['D10.251.694'], ['G02.111.830', 'G07.690.773.997'], ['D10.351.801']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Spontaneous globe rupture in a blind glaucomatous eye: A report of three cases.
|
This paper aims to report cases of spontaneous globe rupture in the blind eyes of three elderly patients with end-stage glaucoma some of which were possibly structurally compromised with topical traditional eye medications and steroids. These patients presented to the ophthalmology department of the University of Benin Teaching Hospital with a history of bleeding from one of their eyes and no antecedent history of trauma. They were known glaucoma patients who were blind with previously recorded high intraocular pressures. Evisceration was performed for two of the cases while enucleation was performed for one shortly after presentation.
|
['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Blindness', 'Eye', 'Eye Evisceration', 'Glaucoma', 'Humans', 'Intraocular Pressure', 'Middle Aged', 'Nigeria', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Rupture, Spontaneous', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 30,588,949
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['C10.597.751.941.162', 'C11.966.075', 'C23.888.592.763.941.162'], ['A01.456.505.420', 'A09.371'], ['E04.540.431'], ['C11.525.381'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G14.440'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['Z01.058.290.190.565'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['C23.300.909'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
CC chemokine receptor 5 genotype and susceptibility to transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in women.
|
The human gene for CC chemokine receptor 5, a coreceptor for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), affects susceptibility to infection. Most studies of predominantly male cohorts found that individuals carrying a homozygous deleted form of the gene, Delta 32, were protected against transmission, but protection did not extend to Delta 32 heterozygotes. The role played by this mutation in HIV-1 transmission to women was studied in 2605 participants in the Women's Interagency HIV Study. The Delta 32 gene frequency was 0.026 for HIV-1-seropositive women and 0.040 for HIV-1-seronegative women, and statistical analyses showed that Delta 32 heterozygotes were significantly less likely to be infected (odds ratio, 0.63 [95% confidence interval, 0.44-0.90]). The CCR5 Delta 32 heterozygous genotype may confer partial protection against HIV-1 infection in women. Because Delta 32 is rare in Africans and Asians, it seems plausible that differential genetic susceptibility, in addition to social and behavioral factors, may contribute to the rapid heterosexual spread of HIV-1 in Africa and Asia.
|
['Cohort Studies', 'Disease Transmission, Infectious', 'Female', 'Gene Deletion', 'Gene Frequency', 'Genetic Predisposition to Disease', 'HIV Infections', 'HIV Seropositivity', 'HIV-1', 'Heterozygote', 'Humans', 'Receptors, CCR5', 'United States', 'Urban Population']
| 12,599,073
|
[['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['N06.850.335'], ['G05.365.590.762.320', 'G05.558.800.320'], ['G05.330'], ['C23.550.291.687.500', 'G05.380.355'], ['C01.221.250.875', 'C01.221.812.640.400', 'C01.778.640.400', 'C01.925.782.815.616.400', 'C01.925.813.400', 'C20.673.480'], ['C01.221.250.875.500', 'C01.221.812.640.400.500', 'C01.778.640.400.500', 'C01.925.782.815.616.400.500', 'C01.925.813.400.500', 'C20.673.480.500'], ['B04.820.650.589.650.350.400'], ['G05.380.383'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.160.150.500', 'D12.776.543.750.705.852.125.150.500', 'D12.776.543.750.830.700.605'], ['Z01.107.567.875'], ['N01.600.900']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Selenoprotein W modulates control of cell cycle entry.
|
The present study was conducted to identify targets of selenium (Se) provided to cultured human cells in physiologically relevant doses and forms. Breast and prostate epithelial cells were supplemented with Se provided as 100 nM sodium selenite or high-Se serum and gene expression was profiled with DNA microarrays. Pure sodium selenite affected expression of 560 genes in MCF-10A breast cells, including 60 associated with the cell cycle (p = 2.8 x 10(-16)). Selenoprotein W (SEPW1) was the only selenoprotein messenger RNA (mRNA) increased by both sodium selenite (specific) and high-Se serum (physiologic). SEPW1 small interfering RNA inhibited G1-phase progression and increased G1-phase gene transcripts, while decreasing S-phase and G2/M-phase gene transcripts, indicating the cell cycle was interrupted at the G1/S transition. SEPW1 mRNA levels were maximal during G1-phase, dropped after the G1/S transition and increased again after G2/M-phase. SEPW1-underexpressing prostate cells had increased mRNA for BCL2, which can induce a G1 arrest, and decreased mRNA for RBBP8 and KPNA2, which modulate the Rb/p53 checkpoint pathway. These results suggest that SEPW1 and the G1/S transition are physiological targets of Se in breast and prostate epithelial cells.
|
['Base Sequence', 'Breast Neoplasms', 'Cell Cycle', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'DNA Primers', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Models, Biological', 'Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis', 'Prostatic Neoplasms', 'RNA Interference', 'RNA, Messenger', 'RNA, Small Interfering', 'Selenium', 'Selenoprotein W', 'Sodium Selenite']
| 19,387,567
|
[['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['C04.588.180', 'C17.800.090.500'], ['G04.144'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['D13.695.578.424.450.275', 'D27.720.470.530.600.223.600'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.599.395'], ['E05.393.661.640', 'E05.393.760.640', 'E05.588.570.660', 'E05.601.640'], ['C04.588.945.440.770', 'C12.294.260.750', 'C12.294.565.625', 'C12.758.409.750'], ['G05.308.203.374.790'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['D13.150.650.700', 'D13.444.735.150.700', 'D13.444.735.790.552.875'], ['D01.268.185.850', 'D01.578.700'], ['D12.776.864.500'], ['D01.810.900.500', 'D01.857.850']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Electrophoretic karyotypes and chromosome numbers in Candida species.
|
The electrophoretic karyotypes of five Candida albicans isolates and of five other Candida species have been determined, using orthogonal field alternating gel electrophoresis (OFAGE). None of the C. albicans isolates had the same electrophoretic karyotype. By comparing all five strains, we arrived at a chromosome number of nine to ten, but since the organism is diploid, we cannot distinguish genetically different chromosomes from homologues which resolve. We determined minimal chromosome numbers of 9 for Candida stellatoidea, 10 for C. glabrata and 6 for C. guilliermondii.
|
['Candida', 'Candida albicans', 'Chromosomes', 'DNA, Fungal', 'Electrophoresis, Agar Gel', 'Karyotyping', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae', 'Schizosaccharomyces']
| 3,309,156
|
[['B01.300.107.795.095', 'B01.300.381.147', 'B01.300.930.176'], ['B01.300.107.795.095.326', 'B01.300.381.147.326', 'B01.300.930.176.326'], ['A11.284.187', 'A11.284.430.106.279.345.190', 'G05.360.162'], ['D13.444.308.300'], ['E05.196.401.153', 'E05.301.300.100'], ['E01.370.225.500.385.315', 'E05.200.500.385.315', 'E05.242.385.315', 'E05.393.285.475'], ['B01.300.107.795.785.800', 'B01.300.930.705.655'], ['B01.300.107.797', 'B01.300.930.720']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Structure and function of the rubella virus proteins.
|
Rubella virus strain HPV-77 contains three structural polypeptides. The nucleocapsid is constructed with the C polypeptide chain, which has a molecular weight of 30,000. The envelope proteins are constructed with two glycopolypeptides; the E1 glycopolypeptide has a molecular weight of 63,000, and the E2 glycopolypeptide has a molecular weight of 45,000-48,000. The nucleocapsid capsomere is approximately 6.2S, has a molecular weight of 130,000, and consists of two disulfide-linked dimers of the C polypeptide. The E1 and E2 glycopolypeptides are associated, but the size and structure of the spike protein have not been determined. Strain-specific antigens were detected within the E2 glycopolypeptide in all of the strains tested. In chronologic serum samples, the titers of antibody to the E2 and C polypeptides were the first to decline. Hybridomas were produced that exhibited hemagglutination-inhibiting and neutralizing activities; however, these functions did not always correlate. Both the hemagglutination-inhibiting and neutralizing antibodies reacted with the E1 glycopolypeptide.
|
['Animals', 'Antibodies, Monoclonal', 'Antibodies, Viral', 'Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel', 'Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred BALB C', 'Molecular Weight', 'Peptides', 'Rabbits', 'Rubella virus', 'Viral Proteins']
| 4,001,722
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.254', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.254', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.254'], ['E05.196.401.402', 'E05.301.300.319'], ['E05.478.566.350.170', 'E05.478.566.380.360', 'E05.478.583.400.170', 'E05.601.470.350.170', 'E05.601.470.380.360'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.338', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.338'], ['G02.494'], ['D12.644'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.968.700'], ['B04.820.578.875.700.700'], ['D12.776.964']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Olfactory input increases visual sensitivity in zebrafish: a possible function for the terminal nerve and dopaminergic interplexiform cells.
|
Centrifugal innervation of the neural retina has been documented in many species. In zebrafish Danio rerio, the only so-far described centrifugal pathway originates from terminal nerve (TN) cell bodies that are located in the olfactory bulb. Most of the TN axons terminate in the forebrain and midbrain, but some project via the optic nerve to the neural retina, where they synapse onto dopaminergic interplexiform cells (DA-IPCs). While the anatomical pathway between the olfactory and visual organs has been described, it is unknown if and how olfactory signals influence visual system functions. We demonstrate here that olfactory input is involved in the modulation of visual sensitivity in zebrafish. As determined by a behavioral assay and by electroretinographic (ERG) recording, zebrafish visual sensitivity was increased upon presentation of amino acids as olfactory stimuli. This effect, however, was observed only in the early morning hours when zebrafish are least sensitive to light. The effect of olfactory input on vision was eliminated after lesion of the olfactory bulbs or after the destruction of DA-IPCs. Intraocular injections of a dopamine D(2) but not a D(1) receptor antagonist blocked the effect of olfactory input on visual sensitivity. Although we cannot exclude the involvement of other anatomical pathways, our data suggest that the TN and DA-IPCs are the prime candidates for olfactory modulation of visual sensitivity.
|
['Amino Acids', 'Animals', 'Dopamine', 'Electroretinography', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Olfactory Pathways', 'Photic Stimulation', 'Stimulation, Chemical', 'Visual Perception', 'Zebrafish']
| 12,771,169
|
[['D12.125'], ['B01.050'], ['D02.092.211.215.406', 'D02.092.311.342', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.175.342'], ['E01.370.380.225', 'E01.370.405.270'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['A08.186.211.180.699', 'A08.612.220.640'], ['E05.723.729'], ['G07.690.773.996'], ['F02.463.593.932'], ['B01.050.150.900.493.200.244.828']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Excessive copper induces hepatocyte apoptosis and affects Bax and Bcl-2 expression in rat liver].
|
OBJECTIVE: To establish a hepatolenticular degeneration rat model with excessive copper, and investigate the effects of excessive copper deposits in the liver on hepatocyte apoptosis and Bax and Bcl-2 expression.METHODS: Rat model of hepatolenticular degeneration was established by administering forages containing 1g/kg of copper sulfate and drinking water containing 0.185% copper sulfate. Copper level in the liver and serum and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level in serum were measured using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine 5-triphosphate nick-end labeling (TUNEL) method was used to detect hepatocyte apoptosis. Bax and Bcl-2 expression was observed by RT-PCR and imunohistochemistry staining. Quantification of positive cells was performed by image analyzer.RESULTS: With more prolonged excessive copper ingestion, copper level in the liver and serum as well as ALT level in serum rose, and more apoptosis cells appeared in the liver. Bax and Bcl-2 expression increased significantly compared with controls fed a normal diet and progressively increased with more prolonged excessive copper ingestion. The progressively increased extent of Bcl-2 expression was lower than that of Bax expression, so the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax decreased with increasing excessive copper ingestion time.CONCLUSIONS: Excessive copper deposits in the liver can induce hepatocyte apoptosis through an up-regulation of Bax expression.
|
['Alanine Transaminase', 'Animals', 'Apoptosis', 'Copper', 'Hepatocytes', 'Liver', 'Male', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'bcl-2-Associated X Protein']
| 18,289,470
|
[['D08.811.913.477.700.100'], ['B01.050'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['D01.268.556.195', 'D01.268.956.170', 'D01.552.544.195'], ['A11.436.348'], ['A03.620'], ['D12.644.360.075.718', 'D12.776.476.075.718', 'D12.776.624.664.700.169'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900'], ['D12.644.360.075.718.400', 'D12.776.476.075.718.400']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Two-decade follow-up of fatness in early childhood.
|
As shown in our study of 383 infants and preschool children followed through early adulthood, there is some evidence that obese children are more likely to be obese as adults. Though skinfold correlations over a two-decade period were low, averaging 0.14 for both sexes, 26% of initially obese preschool children were still obese two decades later as against 15% that would be expected by chance. The risk ratio was thus 1.77. Examined in the context of the family, the fatness levels of siblings, parents and grandparents help to identify obese children for whom early intervention is indicated and the larger number of obese preschoolers who do not become obese adults.
|
['Child, Preschool', 'Family', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Male', 'Michigan', 'Obesity', 'Risk', 'Skinfold Thickness']
| 3,976,591
|
[['M01.060.406.448'], ['F01.829.263', 'I01.880.853.150'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['Z01.107.567.875.350.500', 'Z01.107.567.875.510.500'], ['C18.654.726.500', 'C23.888.144.699.500', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120.699.500', 'G07.100.100.160.120.699.500'], ['E05.318.740.600.800', 'G17.680.750', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.803', 'E05.041.124.803', 'G07.100.100.803']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Exercise for osteoporosis: how to navigate between overeagerness and defeatism.
|
Osteoporosis and associated fractures remain a common and costly health problem. Public fears about rare side effects of efficacious drug treatments for osteoporosis have contributed to decreased prescription and compliance. Exercise and physical activity-based interventions have long been proposed as an alternative treatment for osteoporosis. However despite compelling evidence from experimental studies in animals and from observational studies in humans, the use of exercise to improve bone mass in clinical practice does not seem to be justifiable by current human interventional studies. In this perspective, we summarise the available evidence in support of exercise on bone mass. We review the modest effects observed in current exercise trials, and propose a number of factors which may contribute to these discrepancies. We also highlight the successful application of exercise to attenuating or even partially reversing bone loss in musculoskeletal disuse. We then propose how collaboration between basic science and clinical partners, and consideration of factors such as exercise modality, exercise intensity and participation motivation could improve exercise efficacy.
|
['Exercise Therapy', 'Humans', 'Osteoporosis']
| 28,860,417
|
[['E02.760.169.063.500.387', 'E02.779.483', 'E02.831.535.483'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C05.116.198.579', 'C18.452.104.579']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Comparison between two diagnostic tests for preterm rupture of membrane].
|
BACKGROUND: Rupture premature of membranes occurs in 8% of all births constituting one of main causes of prematurity.OBJECTIVE: Determine qualitatively the presence of human chorionic gonadotropin hormone in vagina and used as diagnostic test to rupture of membranes.PATIENTS AND METHOD: We performed a study of diagnostic test observational, transverse, comparative, prospective, not blind type; in 175 healthy pregnant woman with 20 to 42 weeks of gestation, with suspicion of vaginal liquid outlet, at the Obstetrics Department Academic Hospital "Dr Jose Eleuterio Gonzalez" during the period of April 2009 to June 2011, crystallography and vaginal human chorionic gonadotropin hormone test were performed.RESULTS: We analyzed 175 patients, average age was 22.35 years old, was obtained sensibility and specificity of 98.90% y 77.38% to crystallography and 93.41% y 73.81% to vaginal human chorionic gonadotropin hormone test, with value positive predictive of 79.44% and value negative predictive of 91.18% for this last.CONCLUSIONS: Determine qualitatively the presence of human chorionic gonadotropin hormone in vagina is a diagnostic test useful for detecting premature rupture of membranes has been shown to be as effective as crystallography.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Amniotic Fluid', 'Body Fluids', 'Chorionic Gonadotropin', 'Emergencies', 'Female', 'Fetal Membranes, Premature Rupture', 'Gestational Age', 'Hospitals, University', 'Humans', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Pregnancy', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Vagina', 'Vaginal Smears', 'Young Adult']
| 22,812,175
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['A12.098', 'A16.378.149'], ['A12.207'], ['D06.472.699.322.326', 'D06.472.699.649.367', 'D12.644.548.726.367', 'D12.776.780.400'], ['C23.550.291.781', 'N06.230.100.083', 'N06.850.376'], ['C13.703.420.339'], ['G07.345.500.325.235.968', 'G08.686.320'], ['N02.278.020.300.310', 'N02.278.421.639.725'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.370.800.650', 'N05.715.360.325.700.640', 'N06.850.520.445.800.650'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['A05.360.319.779'], ['E01.370.225.500.384.100.800', 'E01.370.225.998.054.800', 'E01.370.378.900', 'E04.074.800', 'E05.200.500.384.100.800', 'E05.200.998.054.800', 'E05.242.384.100.800'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
[Psychiatric nursing. Delirium: dilemma or not?].
|
Delirium patients were often admitted to a psychiatric hospital in the past. This practise has to stop. Delirium is an illness which is caused by an organic factor, and in some cases, such as delirium tremens, there is a 5% mortality rate. If the causative factor is identified and rectified, and effective sedation is administered, the delirium patient should not be a problem for nursing staff to handle. A few simple, practical guidelines followed by the nursing staff can help the delirium patient recover within a week.
|
['Delirium', 'Diagnosis, Differential', 'Humans', 'Substance-Related Disorders']
| 1,522,860
|
[['C10.597.606.337.500', 'C23.888.592.604.339.500', 'F01.700.250.500', 'F03.615.350'], ['E01.171'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C25.775', 'F03.900']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Silent ischemia: evaluation by exercise and redistribution tomographic thallium-201 myocardial imaging.
|
UNLABELLED: To compare the amount of myocardium jeopardized during silent ischemia and painful ischemia, 112 consecutive patients undergoing coronary arteriography with ischemia demonstrated by exercise and redistribution tomographic thallium-201 myocardial imaging (SPECT) were divided into two groups: 84 patients without anginal pain (silent ischemia) and 28 with pain (painful ischemia). The SPECT apical, mid and basal ventricular levels of the short-axis view and the apical portion of the long-axis view were divided into 20 segments. The results were 1) 7.4 +/- 4.7 ischemic segments in silent ischemia and 7.6 +/- 3.7 in painful ischemia (p = NS) with 4.7 +/- 3.6 segments in silent ischemia undergoing total redistribution compared with 5.4 +/- 3.4 in painful ischemia (p = NS); 2) no difference in the incidence of single, double or triple vessel disease between silent and painful ischemic groups; 3) similar anatomic distribution of ischemic segments between the two groups; 4) more positive exercise electrocardiographic (ECG) changes in painful ischemia (70%) than in silent ischemia (32%) (p less than 0.001) with equal amounts of ischemia associated with positive and negative exercise ECG findings.CONCLUSIONS: 1) Patients with silent and painful ischemia during exercise have similar amounts of ischemic myocardium demonstrated by tomographic thallium-201 imaging and similar extent of angiographically documented coronary artery disease despite the absence of pain and the lower incidence of positive exercise ECG findings in silent ischemia. 2) Positive and negative exercise ECG findings were associated with similar amounts of ischemic myocardium.
|
['Angina Pectoris', 'Coronary Angiography', 'Coronary Disease', 'Electrocardiography', 'Exercise Test', 'Female', 'Heart', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Physical Exertion', 'Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon']
| 2,794,274
|
[['C14.280.647.187', 'C14.907.585.187', 'C23.888.592.612.233.500'], ['E01.370.350.130.625', 'E01.370.350.700.060.200', 'E01.370.370.050.200', 'E01.370.370.380.200'], ['C14.280.647.250', 'C14.907.585.250'], ['E01.370.370.380.240', 'E01.370.405.240'], ['E01.370.370.380.250', 'E01.370.386.700.250', 'E05.333.250'], ['A07.541'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G11.427.683'], ['E01.370.350.350.800.800', 'E01.370.350.600.350.800.800', 'E01.370.350.710.800.800', 'E01.370.350.825.800.800', 'E01.370.384.730.800.800']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Initial testing (stage 1) of the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib by the pediatric preclinical testing program.
|
BACKGROUND: Bortezomib is a proteasome inhibitor that has been approved by FDA for the treatment of multiple myeloma and that has completed phase 1 testing in children. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the antitumor activity of bortezomib against the in vitro and in vivo childhood cancer preclinical models of the Pediatric Preclinical Testing Program (PPTP).PROCEDURES: Bortezomib was tested against the PPTP in vitro panel at concentrations ranging from 0.1 nM to 1.0 microM and was tested in vivo at a dose of 1 mg/kg for a planned duration of 6 weeks.RESULTS: Bortezomib was uniformly active against the PPTP's in vitro panel, with a median IC(50) of 23 nM and with a steep dose-response curve. The four acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cell lines had significantly lower IC(50) values compared to the remaining lines of the in vitro panel. Limited in vivo activity was observed for bortezomib against the solid tumor xenografts tested, with one line meeting criteria for intermediate activity for the time to event measure and with the remaining lines showing low activity for this measure. Bortezomib demonstrated in vivo activity against the ALL panel, inducing two complete and two partial responses among seven evaluable lines.CONCLUSIONS: Administered at its MTD in mice, bortezomib demonstrated activity against selected lines of the PPTP's ALL in vivo panel. Further studies are indicated to determine the activity of bortezomib when combined with standard agents to treat childhood ALL.
|
['Animals', 'Antineoplastic Agents', 'Boronic Acids', 'Bortezomib', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Female', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred Strains', 'Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma', 'Protease Inhibitors', 'Pyrazines', 'Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays']
| 17,420,992
|
[['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.248'], ['D01.029.260.110', 'D01.132.285', 'D02.203.200'], ['D01.029.260.110.500', 'D01.132.285.500', 'D02.203.200.500', 'D03.383.679.450'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['E05.481'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400'], ['C04.557.337.428.600', 'C15.604.515.560.600', 'C20.683.515.528.600'], ['D27.505.519.389.745'], ['D03.383.679'], ['E05.337.550.200.900', 'E05.624.850']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Effect of hesperetin derivatives on the development of selenite‑induced cataracts in rats.
|
Cataracts are a major cause of blindness worldwide. As anti‑cataract pharmaceutical therapies require long‑term treatment, identifying anti‑cataract compounds that are ubiquitous in the human diet, have no adverse effects and are affordable, is of paramount importance. The present study focused on hesperetin and its derived compounds, hesperetin stearic acid ester (Hes‑S) and hesperetin oleic acid ester (Hes‑O), in order to investigate their therapeutic potential to treat cataracts in a selenite animal model. Thirteen‑day‑old Sprague Dawley rats were divided into 12 groups. Animals in groups 1 and 7 were subcutaneously injected with vehicle, those in groups 2 and 8 were administered hesperetin, those in groups 3 and 9 received stearic acid, those in groups 4 and 10 were injected with oleic acid, those in groups 5 and 11 were administered Hes‑S, and those in groups 6 and 12 received Hes‑O (10 nmol/kg body weight on days 0, 1 and 2). Animals in groups 7 to 12 were treated with sodium selenite (20 µmol/kg body weight given 4 h following the test compound treatment on day 0) to induce cataract. On day 6, rats had less severe central opacities and lower stage cataracts than rats in the selenite treatment‑only control groups. The levels of glutathione (GSH) and ascorbic acid (AsA) in lenses with selenite‑induced cataracts declined to one‑third of that of controls, and the reduction in GSH and AsA levels was rescued following hesperetin, Hes‑S or Hes‑O treatment, with concentrations remaining to 70‑80% of that of controls. However, there were no changes in the plasma levels of GSH and AsA following treatments. Administration of either hesperetin or hesperetin‑derived compounds prevented the reduction of chaperone activity in the lens, and rats treated with Hes‑S or Hes‑O treatment had significantly greater chaperone activity than hesperetin‑treated rats. Collectively, these results suggested that hesperetin and hesperetin‑derived compounds may be novel drug compounds that have the potential to prevent or delay the onset of cataracts.
|
['Animals', 'Ascorbic Acid', 'Cataract', 'Female', 'Glutathione', 'Hesperidin', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Selenious Acid']
| 29,845,214
|
[['B01.050'], ['D02.241.081.844.107', 'D02.241.511.902.107', 'D09.811.100'], ['C11.510.245'], ['D12.644.456.448'], ['D03.383.663.283.266.450.252.500', 'D03.633.100.150.266.450.252.500', 'D09.408.386'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['D01.810.900']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Identification of the chloramphenicol-hydrolyzing enzyme of guinea pig liver as one of the nonspecific carboxylesterases.
|
Guinea pig liver has the highest chloramphenicol-hydrolyzing capacity among the livers of various mammals. The enzyme responsible for the hydrolysis of the amide-bond in chloramphenicol is one of the isoenzymes of the microsomal nonspecific carboxylesterases. This isoenzyme is related to the well-known acetanilide-hydrolyzing carboxylesterases/amidases of pig and rat liver. The guinea pig liver enzyme is purified 24-fold starting with microsomes. The purified enzyme is essentially free from other proteins except other carboxylesterase isoenzymes with similar properties. The chloramphenicol-hydrolyzing esterase has an apparent molecular weight of about 180,000, a subunit weight of 60,000 and a pH optimum at 8.5. It also hydrolyzes methyl butyrate and acetanilide and it is completely inhibited by diethyl-4-nitrophenyl phosphate. Two assay procedures for the enzymatic chloramphenicol hydrolysis are described: a thin-layer chromatographic assay using radioactive chloramphenicol and a colorimetric assay utilizing the reaction of the liberated amine with trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid.
|
['Animals', 'Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases', 'Chloramphenicol', 'Female', 'Guinea Pigs', 'Hydrolysis', 'Liver', 'Male', 'Molecular Weight', 'Rats', 'Swine']
| 7,082,346
|
[['B01.050'], ['D08.811.277.352.100'], ['D02.033.455.706.300', 'D02.455.426.559.389.565.175', 'D02.640.529.175'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.550'], ['G02.380'], ['A03.620'], ['G02.494'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.880']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Intravitreal bevacizumab therapy for neovascular age-related macular degeneration: a pilot study.
|
PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of intravitreal bevacizumab therapy for neovascular age-related macular degeneration (ARMD).METHODS: Patients with diagnosis of neovascular ARMD without any other ocular pathology were injected with 2.5 mg of intravitreal bevacizumab. A complete ophthalmic examination was undertaken in all patients, including best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), slit lamp biomicroscopy and ocular fundus examination. Ophthalmic follow-up evaluations included visual acuity measurements, optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging, and fluorescein angiography at first, second and fourth week post injection.RESULTS: 39 eyes of 39 patients were injected. The median age was 76 years-old (range 65-90), median visual acuity was 1.18 logMAR (range 0.18-3.00) and median retinal thickness was 388 microns (range 157-1237). By the fourth week of treatment, the median visual acuity was 0.88 (range 0.18-2.78) and median retinal thickness was 247 microns (range 108-1262). Statistically significant differences were found in visual acuity and retinal thickness before and after intravitreal injection (p=0.002, p<0.001, Wilcoxon rank test).CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that intravitreal bevacizumab is well tolerated and is associated with improvement in BCVA and decreased mean retinal thickness by OCT. Further controlled and long term evaluation of intravitreal bevacizumab for the treatment of neovascular ARMD is warranted.
|
['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Angiogenesis Inhibitors', 'Antibodies, Monoclonal', 'Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized', 'Bevacizumab', 'Choroidal Neovascularization', 'Female', 'Fluorescein Angiography', 'Humans', 'Injections', 'Macular Degeneration', 'Male', 'Pilot Projects', 'Prospective Studies', 'Retina', 'Tomography, Optical Coherence', 'Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A', 'Visual Acuity', 'Vitreous Body']
| 17,006,681
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['D27.505.696.377.077.099', 'D27.505.696.377.450.100', 'D27.505.954.248.025'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224.060', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224.060', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224.200'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224.060.375', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224.060.438', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224.200.438'], ['C11.941.160.244', 'C23.550.589.500.145'], ['E01.370.370.050.350', 'E01.370.380.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.319.267.530'], ['C11.768.585.439'], ['E05.318.372.750', 'E05.337.737', 'N05.715.360.330.720', 'N06.850.520.450.720'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['A09.371.729'], ['E01.370.350.589.249.500', 'E01.370.350.825.805.500', 'E05.642.249.500'], ['D12.644.276.100.800.200', 'D12.776.467.100.800.200', 'D23.529.100.800.200'], ['E01.370.380.850.950', 'F02.463.593.932.901', 'G14.940'], ['A09.371.714.500']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Altered course of the right testicular artery.
|
An unusual course of the right testicular artery was observed during routine dissection of the posterior abdominal wall of a 60-year-old male cadaver. It arose from the abdominal aorta, inferior and posterior to the origin of the right renal artery, and passed posterior to the inferior vena cava and right renal vein; it then arched anterior to the inferior pole of the right kidney and descended anterior to the psoas major muscle, crossing anterior to the genitofemoral nerve, ureter and the proximal part of the external iliac artery. Finally, it passed to the deep inguinal ring and through the inguinal canal to enter the spermatic cord with the other constituents. The left testicular artery arose from the abdominal aorta about 1 cm higher than the right testicular artery and followed a normal course. The embryologic basis and clinical importance of this case are discussed.
|
['Aorta, Abdominal', 'Arteries', 'Cadaver', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Renal Artery', 'Testis']
| 14,695,592
|
[['A07.015.114.056.205'], ['A07.015.114'], ['C23.550.260.224'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['A07.015.114.745'], ['A05.360.444.849', 'A05.360.576.782', 'A06.300.312.782']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Efficacy of imiquimod 5% cream in the treatment of recalcitrant warts in children.
|
Long-lasting cutaneous warts are a therapeutic challenge, especially widespread or symptomatic recalcitrant warts in children. It can be speculated that natural immunity to these human papillomavirus (HPV)- induced lesions is extremely poor. Therefore ideally treatment should focus on increasing local immune response. Recently imiquimod, a topical immune modifier, has been successfully used in the treatment of external genital warts. Our purpose is to report on our experiences with imiquimod 5% cream applied to therapy-resistant, long-lasting (duration 2-7 years) common warts in children. In 18 children, imiquimod cream was self-applied by the patients or by their parents to the warts twice a day. Assessment for response and occurrence of adverse effects was performed every 4 weeks until clinical cure. Follow-ups could be arranged in 14 of the 18 patients 1-2 years after total clearance. Sixteen of 18 patients experienced total clearance of their warts; 2 showed partial improvement but were lost to follow-up. The mean duration of treatment was 5.8 months. Two of the 14 patients in whom a follow-up was performed showed a small number of new warts after a period of at least 1 year without recurrence. Our data demonstrate that the topical application of imiquimod 5% cream is an effective treatment for long-lasting cutaneous warts in children.
|
['Adjuvants, Immunologic', 'Administration, Topical', 'Adolescent', 'Aminoquinolines', 'Child', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Imiquimod', 'Male', 'Ointments', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Warts']
| 12,047,649
|
[['D27.505.696.477.067'], ['E02.319.267.120'], ['M01.060.057'], ['D03.633.100.810.050'], ['M01.060.406'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D03.633.100.810.050.545'], ['D26.255.640'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['C01.925.256.650.810', 'C01.925.825.810', 'C01.925.928.914', 'C17.800.838.790.810']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Cross validation of some psychometric properties of the CSQ and its differential return rate as a function of token financial incentive.
|
The Consumer Satisfaction Questionnaire (CSQ) was developed by Larsen, Atkisson, Hargreaves, and Nguyen (1979) and has been mentioned as a possible "standard scale" for the evaluation of consumer satisfaction with mental health treatment because of its unidimensionality, reliability, validity and ease of use. A mail survey of ex-clients who had terminated treatment during the preceding year from one of six offices of a regional mental health center in the Rocky Mountain area strongly cross-validated these characteristics as well as other results from the consumer satisfaction literature. In addition, based upon evidence from marketing research, a randomly selected half of the ex-clients surveyed was offered a token inducement of two cents for returning the questionnaire while the other half was not. A significantly greater proportion of ex-clients who received the token inducement returned their questionnaires than did those who had not. This approach appears to be promising and further research with it is indicated.
|
['Community Mental Health Centers', 'Consumer Behavior', 'Humans', 'Mental Disorders', 'Montana', 'Motivation', 'Referral and Consultation', 'Surveys and Questionnaires']
| 3,720,279
|
[['N02.278.035.158'], ['F01.145.236'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F03'], ['Z01.107.567.875.560.500'], ['F01.658', 'F01.752.543.500.750'], ['N04.452.758.849'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
[Mutations in structural genes of tryptophan metabolic enzymes of the kynurenine pathway modulate some units of the L-glutamate receptor--actin cytoskeleton signaling cascade].
|
Methods of immunohistochemistry and fluorescent staining was used to study the localization and amounts of protein components of the signal cascade connecting the receptor link (NMDA-subtype glutamate receptor) with actin of the cytoskeleton in the head ganglia of Drosophila strain Canton-S (wild type, control) and strains carrying mutations vermilion, cinnabar, and cardinal, which sequentially inactivate tryptophan-hydrolyzing enzymes during its metabolism into ommochrome. The obtained data are evidence for modulatory effects of genes controlling the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan metabolism on the major components of the signal cascade: the initial link (NMDA receptor, postsynaptic density protein-95, a structural protein involved in receptor localization and internalization), the intermediate link (limkinase-l, the key neuronal enzyme in actin remodeling) and the final link (f-actin, the critical factor in the morphogenesis of synaptic structures and, hence, in the processes of synaptic plasticity, learning and memory). It is suggested that kynurenine acid (an endogenous nonspecific antagonist of L-glutamate receptor) and 3-hydroxykynurenine capable of inducing a nonspecific stimulating effect are biochemical intermediates of the effects of these genes.
|
['Actins', 'Animals', 'Brain', 'Cytoskeleton', 'Drosophila Proteins', 'Drosophila melanogaster', 'Eye Proteins', 'Kynurenine', 'Mutation', 'Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate', 'Signal Transduction', 'Tryptophan', 'Tryptophan Oxygenase']
| 18,069,344
|
[['D05.750.078.730.250', 'D12.776.210.500.100', 'D12.776.220.525.255'], ['B01.050'], ['A08.186.211'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.750'], ['D12.776.093.500.462'], ['B01.050.500.131.617.720.500.500.750.310.250.500'], ['D12.776.306'], ['D12.125.608'], ['G05.365.590'], ['D12.776.157.530.400.400.500.500', 'D12.776.543.550.450.500.200.500', 'D12.776.543.585.400.500.200.500', 'D12.776.543.750.720.200.450.400.500'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['D12.125.072.050.850', 'D12.125.142.875'], ['D08.811.682.690.416.722']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Cottage hospitals: the charm has gone but the loyalties remain.
|
'You can't have a resort like this without a hospital,' argued a consultant at Tenby Cottage Hospital when Nick Davidson visited recently. But some staff members hold ambiguous attitudes to the building itself. Indeed, one would like to pull it down and replace it with a modern, purpose-built building.
|
['England', 'Hospital Bed Capacity, under 100', 'Hospitals, Community']
| 10,249,623
|
[['Z01.542.363.300'], ['N02.278.306.472.080'], ['N02.278.421.306']]
|
['Geographicals [Z]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
The impact of status asthmaticus practice guidelines on patient outcome and physician behavior.
|
This study assesses the effects of a status asthmaticus guideline on patient outcome and pediatrician behavior in a staff model health maintenance organization (HMO). The guidelines were drafted by an asthma specialist in the HMO and then discussed with key clinical personnel. A preprinted protocol order form was developed to help implement the guideline into clinical practice. The medical records of pediatric patients admitted to the hospital with status asthmaticus before (N = 67) and after (N = 59) guideline development and implementation were reviewed. This study demonstrates that locally developed, treatment-specific guidelines based on scientific evidence and combined with a staff consensus process and a user-friendly protocol form can influence physician behavior and patient outcome positively.
|
['Adolescent', 'California', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Chronic Disease', 'Clinical Protocols', 'Female', 'Forms and Records Control', 'Health Maintenance Organizations', 'Hospitalization', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Male', 'Outcome Assessment, Health Care', 'Pediatrics', 'Pilot Projects', 'Practice Guidelines as Topic', 'Status Asthmaticus']
| 1,287,531
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['Z01.107.567.875.580.200', 'Z01.107.567.875.760.200'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['C23.550.291.500'], ['E02.183', 'N05.715.360.330.125'], ['N04.452.758.708.200.400'], ['N03.219.521.576.343.800.400', 'N03.219.521.576.343.925.400', 'N04.452.758.244.425', 'N04.590.374.410.400'], ['E02.760.400', 'N02.421.585.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['H01.770.644.145.431', 'N04.761.559.590', 'N05.715.360.575.575'], ['H02.403.670'], ['E05.318.372.750', 'E05.337.737', 'N05.715.360.330.720', 'N06.850.520.450.720'], ['N04.761.700.350.650', 'N05.700.350.650'], ['C08.127.108.880', 'C08.674.095.880', 'C20.543.480.680.095.880']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Sonography of Palpable Breast Lumps in a Tertiary Health Care Centre in Nepal.
|
BACKGROUND: With a palpable lesion in the breast, the goal is to diagnose malignancy at the earliest. Ultrasonography is used for evaluating symptomatic patients especially those with dense breasts where mammography gives limited information. The objective of this study was to evaluate the sonographic pattern of the palpable breast lumps and correlate with the final pathological diagnosis.METHODS: This was a retrospective study done at our tertiary health care center, from July 2016 to March 2017, including 121 patients presenting to the ultrasound department with complaint of palpable breast lump and whose pathological reports could be followed up. Various sonographic features were studied, sonography and final diagnosis compared.RESULTS: On sonography, about 46% of the cases were benign, 35 % malignant and 18 % indeterminate while tissue diagnosis revealed 63% to be benign, 34% malignant. The most common lesions in each group and sonographic characteristics were evaluated. Of the benign lesions, fibroadenoma was the most common. Most of the indeterminate lesions on sonography were histologically mastitis. We found nearly 58% of the malignant lesions had microlobulated margins. The sensitivity of sonography was 92.9% and specificity 97.5% with diagnostic accuracy 94.8%.CONCLUSIONS: Most of the palpable lumps were benign in our study, most common being fibroadenoma. We had a relatively higher percentage of malignancy which may be due to patients with obviously benign lesions not undergoing tissue diagnosis in our setting. The sonographic features and diagnosis correlated well with the histological diagnosis.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Breast', 'Breast Diseases', 'Breast Neoplasms', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Female', 'Fibroadenoma', 'Humans', 'Mastitis', 'Middle Aged', 'Nepal', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Tertiary Care Centers', 'Ultrasonography', 'Young Adult']
| 30,739,928
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['A01.236'], ['C17.800.090'], ['C04.588.180', 'C17.800.090.500'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['C04.557.450.565.590.595.350', 'C04.557.470.625.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C13.703.844.603', 'C17.800.090.968'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['Z01.252.245.674'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['N02.278.421.830'], ['E01.370.350.850'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
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