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Two-stage models for the analysis of cancer screening data.
|
Methods are proposed for the analysis of the natural history of disease from screening data when it cannot be assumed that untreated preclinical disease always progresses to clinical disease. The methodology is based on a two-stage model for preclinical disease in which stage 1 lesions may or may not progress to stage 2, but all stage 2 lesions progress to clinical disease. The focus is on joint estimation of the total preclinical duration and the sensitivity of the screening test. A partial likelihood is proposed for the analysis of prospectively collected screening data, and an analogous conditional likelihood is proposed for retrospective data. Some special cases for the joint sojourn distribution of the two stages are considered, including the independent model and limiting models where the duration of stage 2 is short relative to stage 1. The methods are applied to a case-control study of cervical cancer screening in Northeast Scotland.
|
['Biometry', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Mass Screening', 'Models, Theoretical', 'Neoplasms', 'Prospective Studies', 'Scotland', 'Uterine Cervical Neoplasms']
| 3,663,822
|
[['E05.318.740.225', 'N06.850.505.200'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.500', 'E05.318.308.980.438.580', 'N02.421.726.233.443', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.580', 'N06.850.780.500'], ['E05.599'], ['C04'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['Z01.542.363.766'], ['C04.588.945.418.948.850', 'C13.351.500.852.593.131', 'C13.351.500.852.762.850', 'C13.351.937.418.875.850']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Serum 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D and osteocalcin concentrations in thalassaemia major.
|
In view of the claim that low 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) concentrations may contribute to the pathogenesis of bone disease in patients with beta thalassaemia major and iron overload, we have assessed the concentrations of 25-OHD, 1 alpha,25 dihydroxyvitamin D (1 alpha,25(OH)2D), parathyroid hormone, and osteocalcin in such patients. 25-OHD concentrations were significantly lower in patients with thalassaemia major and iron overload than in controls and in some patients were subnormal or undetectable. 1 alpha,25(OH)2D concentrations were, however, normal in all patients and were similar to those in controls. Serum parathyroid hormone and plasma calcium concentrations were also normal and not significantly different from those in controls. Although 25-OHD concentrations increased significantly between January and June, there was no change in 1 alpha,25(OH)2D concentrations. 25-OHD concentrations remained lower than control values, even in June. Parathyroid hormone concentrations fell, but not significantly, between January and June, but calcium concentrations did not alter. Osteocalcin concentrations were normal in all patients except one, who had extremely low concentrations of this protein. The concentration of osteocalcin was not related to 25-OHD or 1 alpha,25(OH)2D concentrations. Thus normal calcium homeostasis is maintained in patients with thalassaemia major despite low or low-normal 25-OHD concentrations; this is probably achieved through the maintenance of normal 1 alpha,25(OH)2D concentrations, which were indistinguishable from those in controls. Normal 1 alpha,25(OH)2D, parathyroid hormone, and osteocalcin concentrations argue against an important role for vitamin D deficiency in the pathogenesis of thalassemia bone disease.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Bone and Bones', 'Calcifediol', 'Calcitriol', 'Calcium', 'Calcium-Binding Proteins', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Osteocalcin', 'Parathyroid Hormone', 'Seasons', 'Thalassemia']
| 3,496,858
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['A02.835.232', 'A10.165.265'], ['D04.210.500.247.222.159.478.250', 'D04.210.500.247.808.146.478.250', 'D04.210.500.812.768.196.478.250', 'D10.570.938.146.478.250'], ['D04.210.500.247.222.159.478.387.300', 'D04.210.500.247.808.146.478.387.300', 'D04.210.500.812.768.196.478.387.300', 'D10.570.938.146.478.387.300'], ['D01.268.552.100', 'D01.552.539.288', 'D23.119.100'], ['D12.776.157.125'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.157.125.700'], ['D06.472.699.590', 'D12.644.548.587'], ['G01.910.645.661', 'G16.500.275.071.590', 'N06.230.300.100.250.525'], ['C15.378.071.141.150.875', 'C15.378.420.826', 'C16.320.070.875', 'C16.320.365.826']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
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|
Comparison of image quality between a narrow caliber transesophageal echocardiographic probe and the standard size probe during intraoperative evaluation.
|
BACKGROUND: Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) has become an integral part of the evaluation and monitoring of patients during cardiac operation. Until recently, the smallest TEE probe with multiplane imaging measured 13 mm in diameter. This size is now standard for adult TEE probes. Recently, a new TEE probe has become available (MiniMulti TEE probe, Philips Medical Systems, Andover, Mass), which has a diameter of 8 mm. Although using a smaller probe is attractive, the quality of images it generates when used in adults has not yet been examined.OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to compare TEE studies done with both probes.METHODS: After informed consent was obtained, full intraoperative TEE studies were performed in 20 patients with a small pediatric probe. The study was then repeated using a standard adult probe. The studies were read in random order by two experienced echocardiographers blinded to probe used. For each study, 18 anatomic cardiac structures and 5 Doppler patterns were subjectively graded as excellent (1), good (2), fair (3), or poor (4) in quality. The average score for each structure or Doppler profile was computed for each probe.RESULTS: The average score for all findings was lower (better) for the adult TEE probe (1.4 +/- 0.4 vs 1.7 +/- 0.4; P =.003). When each finding was compared separately, several cardiac structures (left ventricle [LV], pericardium, right ventricle [RV], interatrial septum, left atrium, left atrial appendage, mitral valve, aortic valve) had better scores with the adult probe, and the differences for the LV and RV were larger than those for the other findings (LV scores differed by 0.7, P =.0004; RV scores differed by 0.5, P =.01). There was no significant difference between probes when evaluating venous structures (coronary sinus, superior vena cava, pulmonary vein), the thoracic aorta, or the right atrium or tricuspid valve. In addition, Doppler patterns were not significantly different with the two probes. There were two findings that were missed with the small probe and seen with the adult probe (one aortic plaque and one left atrial appendage thrombus).CONCLUSIONS: In the adult, the larger probe provides better images, particularly of the RV and LV. In addition, important findings may be missed with the smaller probe. However, if the adult probe cannot be passed, the pediatric probe is a reasonable alternative.
|
['Aged', 'Cardiac Surgical Procedures', 'Echocardiography, Transesophageal', 'Equipment Design', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Intraoperative Care', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Monitoring, Physiologic']
| 15,452,470
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['E04.100.376', 'E04.928.220'], ['E01.370.350.130.750.235', 'E01.370.350.850.220.235', 'E01.370.370.380.220.235'], ['E05.320'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.760.731.400', 'E04.604.249', 'N02.421.585.722.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.370.520']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
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|
Involvement of multiple transporters in the efflux of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitors across the blood-brain barrier.
|
Statins, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitors, are frequently used for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia. The present study aimed to examine the involvement of organic anion transporters in the efflux transport of pravastatin and pitavastatin across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Transport studies using cDNA-transfected cells revealed that these statins are substrates of multispecific organic anion transporters expressed at the BBB (rOat3:Slc22a8 and rOatp2:Slco1a4). The efflux of these statins across the BBB was characterized using the brain efflux index method. The efflux clearance of pitavastatin across the BBB, obtained from the elimination rate constant and the distribution volume in the brain, was greater than that of pravastatin (364 versus 59 microl/min/g brain). The efflux of pravastatin and pitavastatin was saturable (apparent Km values: 18 and 5 muM, respectively) and inhibited by probenecid but unaffected by tetraethylammonium. Furthermore, an inhibitor of the efflux pathway for hydrophilic organic anions across the BBB (p-aminohippurate), and inhibitors of the efflux pathway for amphipathic organic anions (taurocholate and digoxin) inhibited the efflux of both statins. The degree of inhibition by p-aminohippurate was similar and partial for the efflux of pravastatin and pitavastatin. Taurocholate and digoxin completely inhibited the efflux of pitavastatin, whereas their effect was partial for the efflux of pravastatin. The results of the present study suggest the involvement of multiple transporters, including rOat3 and rOatp2, in the efflux transport of pravastatin and pitavastatin across the BBB, each making a different contribution.
|
['Animals', 'Blood-Brain Barrier', 'Brain', 'Carrier Proteins', 'DNA, Complementary', 'Digoxin', 'Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Kinetics', 'Male', 'Microinjections', 'Organic Anion Transporters, Sodium-Independent', 'Pravastatin', 'Quinolines', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Recombinant Proteins', 'Taurocholic Acid', 'p-Aminohippuric Acid']
| 15,292,460
|
[['B01.050'], ['A07.035', 'A08.186.211.035'], ['A08.186.211'], ['D12.776.157'], ['D13.444.308.497.220', 'D13.444.600.223.500', 'D27.720.470.530.600.223.260'], ['D04.210.500.155.580.130.500.436', 'D04.210.500.155.580.130.688', 'D09.408.180.261.436'], ['D27.505.519.186.071.202.370', 'D27.505.519.389.370', 'D27.505.954.557.500.202.370'], ['E05.481'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['E02.319.267.530.690', 'E05.591.570'], ['D12.776.157.530.450.074.500.781', 'D12.776.543.585.450.074.500.875'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.638.930', 'D04.615.638.930'], ['D03.633.100.810'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['D12.776.828'], ['D02.455.326.146.100.850.875', 'D02.886.645.600.055.850.800', 'D04.210.500.105.225.900', 'D04.210.500.221.430.873'], ['D02.065.277.431.192.100', 'D02.241.223.100.050.500.650', 'D02.241.223.100.100.100.100', 'D02.241.755.360.192.100', 'D02.455.426.559.389.127.020.937.650', 'D02.455.426.559.389.127.085.067.100']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
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|
Primary hepatic pheochromocytoma?
|
We report a case of a single intrahepatic pheochromocytoma in the absence of an adrenal lesion and no evidence of metastatic disease. The patient had strong clinical and biochemical evidence of a pheochromocytoma. A CT scan was abnormal but nondiagnostic for pheochromocytoma. An 123I-metaiodobenzyl guanidine (MIBG) scan was falsely negative, but an MRI scan showed a definitive hepatic abnormality. After confirmation of endocrine activity by venous sampling, the tumor was surgically removed. The patient's symptoms have resolved and her plasma catecholamine levels as well as her 24-h urine catecholamine excretion have normalized. The case shows an unusual location of an isolated pheochromocytoma and provides an example of a false negative I-123 MIBG scan.
|
['Adult', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Liver Neoplasms', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Pheochromocytoma']
| 8,896,659
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.588.274.623', 'C06.301.623', 'C06.552.697'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['C04.557.465.625.650.700.725', 'C04.557.580.625.650.700.725']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
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|
X monosomy in a virilized female cat.
|
An infertile Siamese female cat was subjected for clinical, histological, cytogenetic and molecular studies due to ambiguous external genitalia (vulva, vagina, rudimentary penis and scrotum-like structure) and masculine behaviour. An elevated oestrogen activity and a detectable level of testosterone were found. The cat underwent laparotomy. The gonads and the uterus were removed and subjected for histological studies, which showed ovaries with corpora lutea and a some primordial follicles. Chromosome studies of lymphocyte and fibroblast cultures, with the use of Giemsa staining, G-banding and whole X chromosome painting by fluorescence in situ hybridization, revealed pure X monosomy. Molecular analysis showed the absence of the SRY gene. Our study revealed for the first time that X monosomy in cats may be associated with virilization, in spite of the lack of the SRY gene.
|
['Aneuploidy', 'Animals', 'Cat Diseases', 'Cats', 'Disorders of Sex Development', 'Female', 'Sex Chromosome Aberrations', 'Virilism']
| 25,611,903
|
[['C23.550.210.050', 'G05.365.590.175.050', 'G05.700.131'], ['B01.050'], ['C22.180'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.377.750.250.125'], ['C12.706.316', 'C13.351.875.253', 'C16.131.939.316', 'C19.391.119'], ['C23.550.210.815', 'G05.365.590.175.815'], ['C23.888.971']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Vascular aphasias: clinical, epidemiologicaland evolutionary aspects].
|
INTRODUCTION: Aphasias constitute an acquired disorder of the language. Aetiologies are dominated by stroke. The aim of this study was to describe the clinical, epidemiological and evolutionary aspects of the vascular aphasias.MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted from August 2003 to May 2005 a descriptive cross-sectional study at the Neurology department in Dakar. This study concerned all patients admitted at the Neurology department for stroke confirmed by the cerebral tom densitometry. All patients were subjected to an examination of the language allowing to confirm the diagnosis of aphasia and to determine the type. The follow-up was monthly during one year.RESULTS: 55 cases of aphasia were reported on 170 cases of stroke (frequency: 32.35%). Our patients were all right-handed. Mean age was 56.8 (28 to 86 years) with a sex-ratio of 0.61.76.36% of the patients could neither read nor to write. Only two made higher studies. The nature of stroke was ischemic in 73.7% and hemorrhagic in 26.3%. The aphasias with expressive language impairment were observed in 96.4% against 3.6% of the cases for aphasias with comprehensive language impairment. After one year of evolution, a regression of the disorders was observed only in 9 cases, and the regression was partial in 25 cases. The evolution of the aphasia was correlated with that of the motor deficit. Age, low educational level, ischemic stroke constitute factors of bad prognosis.CONCLUSION: Vascular aphasias are frequent and of reserved prognosis. It disturbs social professional and family reintegration.
|
['Adult', 'Age Factors', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Aphasia', 'Aphasia, Broca', 'Aphasia, Wernicke', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Education', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Prognosis', 'Senegal', 'Sex Factors', 'Stroke', 'Time Factors']
| 19,102,120
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['C10.597.606.150.500.800.100', 'C23.888.592.604.150.500.800.100'], ['C10.597.606.150.500.800.100.100', 'C23.888.592.604.150.500.800.100.100'], ['C10.597.606.150.500.800.100.166', 'C23.888.592.604.150.500.800.100.166'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['I02'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.789'], ['Z01.058.290.190.710'], ['N05.715.350.675', 'N06.850.490.875'], ['C10.228.140.300.775', 'C14.907.253.855'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Differentiating moderate and severe depression using the Montgomery-Asberg depression rating scale (MADRS).
|
BACKGROUND: MADRS cut-off scores for moderate and severe depression were estimated in relation to the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD(17)) and the Clinical Global Impressions Scale (CGI).METHOD: HAMD(17), MADRS, and CGI ratings from patients with major depression (DSM-IV) were analyzed (N=85). Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves were applied.RESULTS: Mean age was 51.4+/-14.5 years, 69% were female. Mean MADRS scores were 23.4+/-13.2, HAMD(17), MADRS, and CGI scores were highly correlated (r>0.85; P<0.0001). Best separation between moderate and severe depression according to CGI criteria was achieved with a MADRS score of 31 (sensitivity 93.5%, specificity 83.3%).LIMITATIONS: Studies to validate severity gradations including DSM-IV or ICD-10 diagnostic severity categories are recommended.CONCLUSIONS: Empirically based MADRS cut-off scores to separate moderate from severe depression on the basis of HAMD(17) and CGI severity ratings in patients with major depression were yielded.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Depressive Disorder', 'Diagnosis, Differential', 'Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Mental Status Schedule', 'Middle Aged', 'Reference Values', 'Severity of Illness Index']
| 14,612,225
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['F03.600.300'], ['E01.171'], ['L01.453.245.945.200'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F04.711.513.603.500', 'F04.711.513.653.574'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.978.810'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475.456.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.364.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.364.500']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
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| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Evaluation of the application of national malaria treatment guidelines in private pharmacies in a rural area in the Democratic Republic of Congo.
|
In the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the first recourse in case of suspected malaria in the health system is the private pharmacy sector. This study was therefore designed to assess private provider adherence to national case management guidelines in Kimpese, a rural area of Central Kongo province. A descriptive cross-sectional survey of 103 pharmacies took place in March 2016. The study included 97 pharmacies. The artemether-lumefantrine combination recommended as the first-line treatment for uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria was available in 100% of pharmacies but only 3% stocked quality-assured medicines. The sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine recommended for intermittent preventive treatment of malaria in pregnant women and quinine, which is no longer part of national policy, were widely available (>97.0% of pharmacies). Among providers, fewer than 20% were aware of the national malaria treatment guidelines. The main reasons for non-adherence to national guidelines among private dispensers was the high cost (up to 10 times more expensive than sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine treatment) and adverse effects of artemisinin-based combination therapies. Governmental interventions to improve private sector engagement in implementation of the national guidelines and to prevent the spread of ineffective and non-quality assured antimalarial medicines must be intensified.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Antimalarials', 'Artemether, Lumefantrine Drug Combination', 'Case Management', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Democratic Republic of the Congo', 'Drug Combinations', 'Female', 'Guideline Adherence', 'Humans', 'Malaria', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Pharmaceutical Services', 'Pharmacies', 'Private Sector', 'Pyrimethamine', 'Rural Health', 'Sulfadoxine', 'Young Adult']
| 31,884,993
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D27.505.954.122.250.100.085'], ['D01.248.497.158.685.750.212.250.500', 'D01.339.431.374.212.250.500', 'D01.650.550.750.200.250.500', 'D02.389.338.055.250.500', 'D02.455.426.559.847.389.650.500', 'D02.455.849.765.211.250.500', 'D04.615.389.650.500', 'D26.310.110'], ['N04.590.233.624.250'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['Z01.058.290.100.220'], ['D26.310'], ['N04.761.337', 'N05.715.360.395'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C01.610.752.530', 'C01.920.875'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['N02.421.668'], ['N02.278.678'], ['I01.791', 'N04.452.633.390'], ['D03.383.742.675'], ['N01.400.548.750'], ['D02.065.884.725.765', 'D02.092.146.807.765', 'D02.886.590.700.725.765'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Evidence for follicle wall involvement in ovulation and progesterone production by frog (Rana pipiens) follicles in vitro.
|
Involvement of different cellular investments of the amphibian ovarian follicle wall in the ovulatory process, progesterone production, and oocyte maturation was investigated. Following microdissection, to selectively remove one or more layers (surface epithelium, theca, follicle cells) of the follicle wall, dissected and undissected ovarian follicles were treated with frog pituitary homogenate (FPH) or progesterone. Intact follicles ovulated in response to pituitary homogenate and this was associated with contractions of the follicle wall. Ovulation and follicular contractions were not observed following removal of the surface epithelium without removing the thecal layer. Oocyte maturation occurred in response to FPH following removal of the surface epithelium alone or together with the theca, but not in the absence of the follicle cells. Intact follicles were most responsive to FPH with respect to progesterone production, and removal of all somatic cells from oocytes obliterated FPH stimulated progesterone production. Oocytes, regardless of wether any or all follicular wall layers were removed, matured but did not ovulate following exposure to progesterone. The results suggest that the surface epithelium, but not the theca, is required for FPH-induced extrusion (ovulation) of the oocyte from ovarian follicle wall. Additionally, the somatic tissue rather than the oocyte appears to be the cells producing progesterone following FPH treatment. The results indicate that separate cellular layers (individually and/or as a result of interactions) of the follicle wall carry out different functions during follicular differentiation and mediation of ovulation. Data provide functional evidence for a role of the surface epithelium in controlling the process of ovulation and follicular contraction.
|
['Animals', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Female', 'Oocytes', 'Ovarian Follicle', 'Ovulation', 'Pituitary Gland', 'Progesterone', 'Rana pipiens']
| 6,982,185
|
[['B01.050'], ['A11.251'], ['A05.360.490.690.680', 'A11.497.497.600'], ['A05.360.319.114.630.535', 'A06.300.312.497.535'], ['G08.686.784.690'], ['A06.300.747', 'A06.688.357.750', 'A08.186.211.180.497.352.435.500', 'A08.186.211.200.317.357.352.435.500', 'A08.713.357.750'], ['D04.210.500.745.745.654.829', 'D06.472.334.734.623', 'D06.472.334.851.687.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.090.180.708.310']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
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| 0
|
Genotypic monoclonality in immunophenotypically polyclonal orbital lymphoid tumors. A model of tumor progression in the lymphoid system. The 1986 Wendell Hughes lecture.
|
Molecular genetic (genotypic) analysis elucidates gene rearrangements within lymphocytes that are responsible for either immunoglobulin production in B-lymphocytes or the expression of cell-surface antigen recognition receptors in T-lymphocytes. Molecular genetic analysis is far more sensitive than immunophenotypic methods for the detection of small clones of lymphocytes because as few as 2 to 5% of cells in an infiltrate can be discovered to possess the same rearranged DNA sequences with genetic probes. In truly polyclonal proliferations, each lymphocyte reorganizes its immunoglobulin or T-antigen receptor genes in a unique manner, resulting in an almost infinite number of combinations of genetic rearrangement and the absence of any new hybridizing bands upon Southern blotting. In monoclonal proliferations, a new, homogeneous, nongermline band is identified on Southern blotting because a sufficiently large number of lymphocytes exhibit an identical genetic rearrangement. In a group of five orbital lymphoid tumors that appeared to be benign reactive hyperplasias by light microscopy and that were polyclonal by immunophenotypic methods, three were found by molecular genetic analysis to harbor small clones of B-lymphocytes with new rearrangement bands on Southern blotting. No clonal abnormalities of T-lymphocytes were found in these five lesions, despite the fact that they were the preponderant cells in the tumors. These observations suggest that "reactive lymphoid hyperplasia" of the orbit may be an unstable lesion, owing to a T-cell immunoregulatory imbalance, with the potential for developing clonal expansions of B-lymphocytes that nonetheless usually remain localized to the orbit.
|
['DNA', 'Female', 'Genes, Immunoglobulin', 'Humans', 'Hyperplasia', 'Lymphocytes', 'Lymphoma', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Molecular Biology', 'Orbital Neoplasms']
| 3,658,376
|
[['D13.444.308'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.335', 'G12.500.299'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C23.550.444'], ['A11.118.637.555.567', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567', 'A15.382.490.555.567'], ['C04.557.386', 'C15.604.515.569', 'C20.683.515.761'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['H01.158.201.636', 'H01.158.273.343.595', 'H01.181.122.650'], ['C04.588.149.721.656', 'C04.588.364.659', 'C05.116.231.754.659', 'C11.319.457', 'C11.675.659']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Criteria for aspiration cytology for the diagnosis of seminoma.
|
Fine-needle aspiration cytology was performed in two cases of intra-abdominal tumors, one from retroperitoneal lymph nodes and one from a cryptorchid testis. The cytological diagnosis was consistent with seminoma in both cases. Cytological features included uniform neoplastic malignant cells with round nuclei and nucleoli. The cytoplasm, easily observed on May-Gr?nwald-Giemsa-stained smears, contained large vacuoles or lacunes filled with glycogen. Alkaline phosphatase activity was strictly located to one cytoplasmic area of the cells. This cytological and cytoenzymatic pattern is different from that observed in other intra-abdominal tumors, including adenocarcinoma, large-cell lymphoma, and embryonal carcinoma.
|
['Abdominal Neoplasms', 'Adult', 'Biopsy, Needle', 'Cryptorchidism', 'Cytodiagnosis', 'Dysgerminoma', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Testicular Neoplasms', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed']
| 2,575,487
|
[['C04.588.033'], ['M01.060.116'], ['E01.370.225.500.384.100.119', 'E01.370.225.998.054.119', 'E01.370.388.100.100', 'E04.074.119', 'E04.665.100', 'E05.200.500.384.100.119', 'E05.200.998.054.119', 'E05.242.384.100.119'], ['C12.294.829.258', 'C12.706.258', 'C16.131.939.258', 'C19.391.829.258'], ['E01.370.225.500.384', 'E05.200.500.384', 'E05.242.384'], ['C04.557.465.330.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.370.800.650', 'N05.715.360.325.700.640', 'N06.850.520.445.800.650'], ['C04.588.322.762', 'C04.588.945.440.915', 'C12.294.260.937', 'C12.758.409.937', 'C19.344.762', 'C19.391.829.782'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Silencing mediator of retinoic acid and thyroid hormone receptor regulates enhanced activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 by epstein-barr virus-derived epstein-barr nuclear antigen 2.
|
The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-encoded latency protein Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen 2 (EBNA2) is a nuclear transcriptional activator that is essential for EBV-induced cellular transformation. In a previous study, we demonstrated that EBNA2 interacts with signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), a signal transducer for an interleukin (IL)-6 family cytokine, and enhances its transcriptional activity. Here, we show that overexpression of a corepressor, silencing mediator of retinoic acid and thyroid hormone receptor (SMRT), decreases the EBNA2-mediated enhanced STAT3 activation. Furthermore, small-interfering RNA-mediated reduction of endogenous SMRT expression augments the EBNA2-mediated enhanced STAT3 activation. Importantly, EBNA2 reduces interactions between STAT3 and SMRT. These data demonstrate that EBNA2 acts as a transcriptional coactivator of STAT3 by influencing the SMRT corepressor complex.
|
['Antibodies, Monoclonal', 'DNA-Binding Proteins', 'Epstein-Barr Virus Nuclear Antigens', 'HeLa Cells', 'Humans', 'Immunoblotting', 'Immunoprecipitation', 'Interleukin-6', 'Luciferases', 'Nuclear Receptor Co-Repressor 2', 'RNA, Small Interfering', 'Repressor Proteins', 'Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'STAT3 Transcription Factor', 'Transcriptional Activation', 'Transfection', 'Viral Proteins']
| 19,571,399
|
[['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224'], ['D12.776.260'], ['D23.050.290.249', 'D23.050.327.300'], ['A11.251.210.190.400', 'A11.251.860.180.400', 'A11.436.340'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.478.566.320', 'E05.601.470.320'], ['E05.196.150.639', 'E05.478.605'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.224', 'D12.776.467.374.465.202', 'D23.529.374.465.224'], ['D08.811.682.517', 'D12.776.532.510'], ['D12.776.930.780.625.400'], ['D13.150.650.700', 'D13.444.735.150.700', 'D13.444.735.790.552.875'], ['D12.776.260.703', 'D12.776.930.780'], ['E05.393.620.500.725'], ['D12.644.360.024.342.300', 'D12.776.157.057.186.300', 'D12.776.476.024.430.300', 'D12.776.930.840.300'], ['G05.308.800'], ['E05.393.350.810', 'G05.728.860'], ['D12.776.964']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Loss of lamin A but not lamin C expression in epithelial ovarian cancer cells is associated with metastasis and poor prognosis.
|
OBJECTIVE: To elucidate the different roles of lamin A and lamin C in the metastasis of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) by examining their expression in EOC tissues and cell lines and their correlations with clinicopathological features.METHODS: The expression of lamin A and lamin C was assessed in ovarian tissues from 61 EOC patients and 13 normal, 14 benign controls, respectively, using immunohistochemistry. Two pairs of EOC cell lines: HO-8910, HO-8910PM, SKOV-3 and SKOV-3ip were also examined to see the differential expression patterns of lamin A and lamin C.RESULTS: Lamin A expression was significantly lower in EOC tissues than that in normal and benign ovarian tissues (p<0.05), while lamin C expression was not. Lamin A expression level was closely associated with pathological grades, clinical stages, peritoneal metastasis and lymph node metastasis (all p<0.05). The progression-free survival rate of the EOC patients with low lamin A expression level was remarkably lower than that of the EOC patients with high expression level (p<0.05). Lamin A detected by PCR, Western Blot and immunocytochemistry also showed a significantly lower expression level in HO-8910PM than that in HO-8910 (p<0.05), but not for lamin C. There was no difference between SKOV-3 and SKOV-3ip cells.CONCLUSIONS: The results suggested that loss of lamin A but not lamin C expression in EOC was related to metastasis and poor prognosis. Lamin A may play a critical role in the metastasis of EOC.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Biomarkers, Tumor', 'Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Lamin Type A', 'Lymphatic Metastasis', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial', 'Ovarian Neoplasms', 'Peritoneal Neoplasms', 'Prognosis', 'Survival Analysis']
| 25,499,720
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D23.101.140'], ['C04.557.470.200.295', 'C04.588.322.455.199', 'C13.351.500.056.630.705.350', 'C13.351.937.418.685.350', 'C19.344.410.199', 'C19.391.630.705.350'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['D12.776.660.650.875.500'], ['C04.697.650.560', 'C23.550.727.650.560'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04.557.470'], ['C04.588.322.455', 'C13.351.500.056.630.705', 'C13.351.937.418.685', 'C19.344.410', 'C19.391.630.705'], ['C04.588.033.513', 'C04.588.274.780', 'C06.301.780', 'C06.844.620'], ['E01.789'], ['E05.318.740.998', 'N05.715.360.750.795', 'N06.850.520.830.998']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
OPCAB surgery in a cirrhotic hepatocellular carcinoma patient awaiting liver transplant.
|
Cirrhosis was once thought of as an absolute contraindication to cardiac surgery with the risk of liver decompensation following the use of cardiopulmonary bypass. With the advent of off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting, the possibility of reducing the risk of decompensation may make this type of surgery suitable for patients who will eventually undergo orthotopic liver transplantation. We present the strategy used in a patient with multifocal hepatocellular carcinoma and cirrhosis who underwent coronary artery bypass grafts for unstable angina, in order to allow him to undergo liver transplantation at a future date.
|
['Angina, Unstable', 'Carcinoma, Hepatocellular', 'Coronary Artery Bypass, Off-Pump', 'Coronary Stenosis', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1', 'Humans', 'Liver Cirrhosis, Alcoholic', 'Liver Neoplasms', 'Liver Transplantation', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Postoperative Hemorrhage', 'Saphenous Vein', 'Thoracic Arteries']
| 15,464,520
|
[['C14.280.647.187.150', 'C14.907.585.187.150', 'C23.888.592.612.233.500.150'], ['C04.557.470.200.025.255', 'C04.588.274.623.160', 'C06.301.623.160', 'C06.552.697.160'], ['E04.100.376.719.332.199', 'E04.100.814.868.750.199', 'E04.928.220.520.220.189'], ['C14.280.647.250.285', 'C14.907.585.250.285'], ['C18.452.394.750.124', 'C19.246.267', 'C20.111.327'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C06.552.630.380', 'C06.552.645.590', 'C23.550.355.412.380', 'C25.775.100.087.645.550'], ['C04.588.274.623', 'C06.301.623', 'C06.552.697'], ['E02.095.147.725.490', 'E04.210.650', 'E04.936.450.490', 'E04.936.580.490'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C23.550.414.941', 'C23.550.767.850'], ['A07.015.908.819'], ['A07.015.114.891']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Phase I study of infusional paclitaxel in combination with the P-glycoprotein antagonist PSC 833.
|
PURPOSE: PSC 833 (valspodar) is a second-generation P-glycoprotein (Pgp) antagonist developed to reverse multidrug resistance. We conducted a phase I study of a 7-day oral administration of PSC 833 in combination with paclitaxel, administered as a 96-hour continuous infusion.PATIENTS AND METHODS: Fifty patients with advanced cancer were enrolled onto the trial. PSC 833 was administered orally for 7 days, beginning 72 hours before the start of the paclitaxel infusion. Paclitaxel dose reductions were planned because of the pharmacokinetic interactions known to occur with PSC 833.RESULTS: In combination with PSC 833, maximum-tolerated doses were defined as paclitaxel 13.1 mg/m(2)/d continuous intravenous infusion (CIVI) for 4 days without filgrastim, and paclitaxel 17.5 mg/m(2)/d CIVI for 4 days with filgrastim support. Dose-limiting toxicity for the combination was neutropenia. Statistical analysis of cohorts revealed similar mean steady-state concentrations (C(pss)) and areas under the concentration-versus-time curve (AUCs) when patients received paclitaxel doses of 13.1 or 17.5 mg/m(2)/d for 4 days with PSC 833, as when they received a paclitaxel dose of 35 mg/m(2)/d for 4 days without PSC 833. However, the effect of PSC 833 on paclitaxel pharmacokinetics varied greatly among individual patients, although a surrogate assay using CD56+ cells suggested inhibition of Pgp was complete or nearly complete at low concentrations of PSC 833. Responses occurred in three of four patients with non-small-cell lung cancer, and clinical benefit occurred in five of 10 patients with ovarian carcinoma.CONCLUSION: PSC 833 in combination with paclitaxel can be administered safely to patients provided the paclitaxel dose is reduced to compensate for the pharmacokinetic interaction. Surrogate studies with CD56+ cells indicate that the maximum-tolerated dose for PSC 833 gives serum levels much higher than those required to block Pgp. The variability in paclitaxel pharmacokinetics, despite complete inhibition of Pgp in the surrogate assay, suggests that other mechanisms, most likely related to P450, contribute to the pharmacokinetic interaction. Future development of combinations such as this should include strategies to predict pharmacokinetics of the chemotherapeutic agent. This in turn will facilitate dosing to achieve comparable CPss and AUCs.
|
['ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1', 'Administration, Oral', 'Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic', 'Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols', 'CD56 Antigen', 'Cyclosporins', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Drug Administration Schedule', 'Female', 'Fluorescent Dyes', 'Humans', 'Infusions, Intravenous', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasms', 'Paclitaxel', 'Rhodamines', 'T-Lymphocytes']
| 11,157,037
|
[['D12.776.157.530.100.075.063', 'D12.776.157.530.450.074.500.500.250.125', 'D12.776.395.550.020.400.153', 'D12.776.543.550.192.400.153', 'D12.776.543.585.100.200.125', 'D12.776.543.585.450.074.500.500.250.125'], ['E02.319.267.100'], ['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['D27.505.954.248.179'], ['E02.183.750.500', 'E02.319.077.500', 'E02.319.310.037'], ['D12.776.395.550.200.250.520.156', 'D12.776.543.550.200.250.520.156', 'D23.050.301.264.894.156', 'D23.050.301.350.250.520.156', 'D23.101.100.894.156'], ['D04.345.566.235', 'D12.644.641.235'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['E02.319.283'], ['D27.720.233.348', 'D27.720.470.410.505.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.319.267.082.500', 'E02.319.267.510.590'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04'], ['D02.455.426.392.368.242.888.777', 'D02.455.849.291.850.777'], ['D03.633.300.953.600'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.569', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Cadmium risk assessment in relation to background risk of chronic kidney disease.
|
Cadmium's noncancer effects on the kidney represent a useful case study of the unified approach to toxicity assessment described in a recent National Academy of Science report. Cadmium (Cd) is recognized to exert toxic effects on the kidney at low dose without a demonstrable threshold. The implications of current dietary exposure and regulatory limits can be understood in terms of risk for chronic kidney disease (CKD) since both Cd adverse effects and CKD are defined by the same continous parameter (loss in glomerular filtration rate [GFR]). The Cd dose response on GFR derived from a study of Swedish women was applied to the baseline population distribution of GFR to determine the effect of Cd on CKD risk. The baseline population of 47.8-yr-old women was estimated to carry a 10% rate of Stage 3 CKD, similar to national statistics in the United States. A chronic daily dose of Cd at 1 ìg/kg/d produced a left shift in this distribution and increased the population risk of CKD by an estimated 25%. A 10-fold lower Cd dose was associated with an increase in population risk of 2.7%, and this rose to 3.4% in 75-yr-olds. These estimates (1) provide additional perspective to the traditional risk/no risk approaches used in setting U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) reference doses (RfD) and Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) minimum risk levels (MRL) and (2) demonstrate the utility of considering chemical additivity to background disease in assessing human risk.
|
['Age Factors', 'Aged', 'Cadmium', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Environmental Exposure', 'Female', 'Food Contamination', 'Glomerular Filtration Rate', 'Humans', 'Middle Aged', 'Models, Biological', 'Renal Insufficiency, Chronic', 'Risk Assessment']
| 22,524,593
|
[['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D01.268.556.137', 'D01.268.956.061', 'D01.552.544.137'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['N06.850.460.350'], ['J01.576.423.850.730.500.249', 'N06.850.460.400', 'N06.850.601.500.249'], ['E01.370.390.400.300', 'G08.852.357'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.599.395'], ['C12.777.419.780.750', 'C13.351.968.419.780.750'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.715', 'N04.452.871.715', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.690', 'N06.850.505.715', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.715']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Findings, diagnoses and results of a halitosis clinic over a seven year period.
|
Halitosis or bad breath is a taboo subject that is a widespread problem in the general population. Causes of bad breath can be multifactorial and long time sufferers can be marred from deep psychological stress. Because nine out of ten cases have an oral cause, the initial inquiry should be with a dentist. In a retrospective study from February 2003 to February 2010, the halitosis clinic at the University of Basel analyzed data from 465 patient medical histories. Study objectives evaluated the causes of halitosis, gender distribution and treatment success. All patients reported to have suffered from bad breath. However, 82.7% were actually diagnosed as having halitosis. Within this group, 96.2% showed an oral etiology and 3.8% showed an extra-oral cause. Women suffered significantly more from psychogenic halitosis. Success rates of 92.6% subjectively and 94.5% objectively reflect the treatment success of the diagnostic and therapeutic concepts presented at the University of Basel halitosis clinic over a seven year period.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Breath Tests', 'Child', 'Female', 'Halitosis', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Social Alienation', 'Sulfur Compounds', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Young Adult']
| 22,418,723
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['E01.370.100'], ['M01.060.406'], ['C23.888.821.475'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['I01.880.853.748.755'], ['D01.875', 'D02.886'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Binding of pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) to placental subfractions.
|
Pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) has been shown to exert immunosuppressive effects both on complement and on lymphoblastogenesis. It was of interest to see whether this protein could bind to syncytiotrophoblast microvillous membranes since these represent the effective interface between fetal tissue and the immunocompetent mother. Placental subfractions were prepared according to established techniques. PAPP-A was purified from different sources (pregnancy serum and plasma, retroplacental serum, placental extracts) and labelled with radioactive iodine. It could be shown that radioactive PAPP-A, irrespective of its biological origin was primarily binding to brush border membrane preparations but that significant binding was also seen with plasma membrane preparations. The binding was specific since alpha 2-macroglobulin (a structurally related protein to PAPP-A) was unable to displace bound radioactive PAPP-A. Scatchard plot representation of the data indicated that the affinity of PAPP-A for its binding site was of the same order of magnitude as reported for the insulin or GnRH receptors of the trophoblast (Ka 2 10(7)-2.5 10(8) M-1). These results are in agreement with the immunohistochemical localization of PAPP-A on the trophoblast providing that the small binding to plasma membrane preparations is due to contamination.
|
['Cell Membrane', 'Decidua', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Microvilli', 'Placenta', 'Pregnancy', 'Pregnancy Proteins', 'Pregnancy Trimester, Third', 'Pregnancy-Associated Plasma Protein-A', 'Radioimmunoassay', 'Subcellular Fractions', 'Trophoblasts']
| 2,420,292
|
[['A11.284.149'], ['A05.360.319.679.490.373', 'A16.710.289'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A11.284.180.565'], ['A16.710'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['D12.776.780'], ['G08.686.707.520'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.480.632', 'D08.811.277.656.675.374.632', 'D12.776.780.700'], ['E01.370.384.700', 'E05.478.566.639', 'E05.601.470.639'], ['A11.284.835'], ['A11.382.992', 'A16.254.500.766', 'A16.710.802']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Ketoacidosis in Neonatal Diabetes Mellitus, Part of Wolcott-Rallison Syndrome.
|
BACKGROUND Neonatal diabetes mellitus is a rare condition and it is important to differentiate it from other causes, such as hyperglycemia in infancy, for better outcomes. We report a case of an infant who presented to our neonatal intensive care unit in ketoacidosis and a comatose state. CASE REPORT Our case was an infant who presented to the neonatal intensive care unit at 38 days of age in ketoacidosis. The female infant, born to consanguineous parents (first cousins), weighing 2,300 grams at birth, presented with extreme dehydration and pale skin. The infant's head was normocephalic and there were no obvious deformities on the rest of her body. Urine examination was positive for ketones and glucose was 4+. Her blood glucose level was 550 mg/dL (30.5 mmol/L). After taking care of electrolytes, insulin was initiated in the form of a continuous drip. After a few days, insulin glargine was initiated, given twice daily via subcutaneous route. A few days later, blood samples were sent from our hospital in India to the UK and genetic testing was performed free of charge by the Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Exeter Medical School, UK, and confirmed a genetic diagnosis of Wolcott-Rallison syndrome. CONCLUSIONS Regardless of whether permanent neonatal diabetes mellitus is associated with Wolcott-Rallison syndrome or other genetic mutations, it is important to initially stabilize the infant and later do a genetic testing to see whether the infant can be given oral sulfonylureas or has to be given insulin therapy.
|
['Adult', 'Consanguinity', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1', 'Diabetic Ketoacidosis', 'Epiphyses', 'Female', 'Genetic Testing', 'Humans', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Mutation, Missense', 'Osteochondrodysplasias', 'eIF-2 Kinase']
| 28,652,565
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['G05.090.403.180', 'G05.180'], ['C18.452.394.750.124', 'C19.246.267', 'C20.111.327'], ['C18.452.076.176.652.500', 'C18.452.394.750.535', 'C19.246.099.812'], ['A02.835.232.251'], ['E01.370.225.562', 'E05.200.562', 'E05.393.435', 'N02.421.308.430', 'N02.421.726.233.221'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['G05.365.590.650'], ['C05.116.099.708', 'C16.320.728'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.300', 'D12.644.360.275', 'D12.776.476.275']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Clinical and radiologic features of pigmented villonodular synovitis of the foot: report of eight cases.
|
Pigmented villonodular synovitis, a rare proliferative disease of unknown etiology, is rare in the foot (2% of these lesions). A retrospective review was undertaken of the case histories, radiographs, and imaging results of eight patients treated for pigmented villonodular synovitis of the foot. Pigmented villonodular synovitis was located in the rearfoot in five patients and in the forefoot in the other three. Radiographs in six patients showed bone involvement. Affected bones included the talus, first cuneiform, first and fifth metatarsals, and second phalanx. Treatment was surgical, and only one recurrence was recorded after 24 months. Pigmented villonodular synovitis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of foot tumors.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Child', 'Foot', 'Humans', 'Middle Aged', 'Radiography', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Synovitis, Pigmented Villonodular']
| 17,901,349
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.406'], ['A01.378.610.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.370.350.700'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['C04.557.450.565.380.690.500', 'C05.550.870.445.500', 'C05.651.869.762.500']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Examining location-based and object-based components of inhibition of return in static displays.
|
Tipper and Colleagues (e.g., Jordan & Tipper, 1998; Tipper, Driver, & Weaver, 1991; Tipper, Weaver, Jerreat, & Burak, 1994) have provided support for inhibition of return (IOR) being composed of a location-based and an object-based component. They were able to separate out the effects of location-based and object-based IOR by using complex displays and displays that involved moving the cued object. The present study was designed to further examine the object- and location-based components of IOR in static displays. Three experiments were conducted that looked at the presence or absence of placeholder boxes on IOR. The first experiment was designed to replicate the results of Jordan and Tipper by presenting both objects and no-objects in the same display. In the second experiment, trials were blocked, and in the third experiment trials were presented in a random order. Overall, the results are inconsistent with the notion that independent object-based and location-based IOR components combine to produce the overall IOR effect and that additive effects are realized due to the context in which the trials are presented. We propose that a single inhibitory mechanism can account for the data.
|
['Attention', 'Humans', 'Inhibition, Psychological', 'Motion Perception', 'Orientation', 'Pattern Recognition, Visual', 'Psychophysics', 'Reaction Time']
| 11,578,051
|
[['F02.830.104.214'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.145.544', 'F02.463.425.475', 'F02.739.794.405'], ['F02.463.593.932.567'], ['F01.058.577', 'F02.830.606'], ['F02.463.593.524.500', 'F02.463.593.932.622'], ['E01.370.685', 'F04.096.753'], ['E05.796.817', 'F02.830.650', 'F04.669.817', 'G11.561.677']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Accumulation of mature mRNA in the nuclear fraction of mammalian cells.
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Little is known about the nuclear mRNA content of mammalian cells. In this study, we analyzed by Northern blotting with a panel of probes the nuclear and cytoplasmic fractions derived from several rodent cell lines. For most of the genes under study, mature mRNAs could easily be detected in the nuclear fraction and accumulated to higher levels than the corresponding precursors. In addition, significant differences in the nucleo-cytoplasmic partition of mature mRNAs were observed between genes as well as between cell types (NIH 3T3, CTLL-2, D3-ES, PC-12), indicating that this nuclear accumulation of mRNA is regulated. Thus, while it is usually considered that splicing is the limiting step of pre-mRNA processing, these results point towards transport or nuclear retention of mRNA as a key determinant of nuclear mRNA metabolism.
|
['Animals', 'Biological Transport', 'Blotting, Northern', 'Cell Division', 'Cell Line', 'Cell Nucleus', 'Cytoplasm', 'DNA Probes', 'Kinetics', 'Mice', 'Nuclear Matrix', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Rats']
| 10,570,933
|
[['B01.050'], ['G03.143'], ['E05.196.401.095', 'E05.301.300.074', 'E05.601.100'], ['G04.144.220', 'G04.161.750.500', 'G05.113', 'G07.345.249.410.750.500'], ['A11.251.210'], ['A11.284.430.106', 'A11.284.430.214.190.875.117'], ['A11.284.430.214'], ['D13.444.600.223', 'D27.505.259.750.600.223', 'D27.720.470.530.600.223'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['A11.284.430.106.279.345.700'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Analysis of p53 expression in osteosarcoma of the jaw: correlation with clinicopathologic and DNA ploidy findings.
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The objective of this study was to determine whether p53 expression correlated with clinicopathological and DNA ploidy in osteosarcoma of the jaw, a particular subtype of osteosarcoma associated with an older age at presentation, longer median survival, rare metastasis, and death due to uncontrolled local recurrence. Seventeen cases of osteosarcoma of the jaw were stained for p53 using CM1 antibody (Novocastra). Eight cases (47.5%) showed nuclear staining in more than 10% of the neoplastic nuclei. Ploidy analysis showed 13 aneuploid (eight p53+) and three diploid (none p53+) tumors. No significant relationship was found between p53 positivity and clinicomorphological features, DNA ploidy or survival. p53-positive cases were, however, more commonly associated with aneuploidy and chondroblastic differentiation. These results indicate that p53 immunostaining does not seem to provide prognostic information in osteosarcoma of the jaw.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'DNA, Neoplasm', 'Female', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic', 'Genes, p53', 'Humans', 'Jaw Neoplasms', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Osteosarcoma', 'Ploidies', 'Staining and Labeling', 'Survival Analysis']
| 9,416,691
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['D13.444.308.425'], ['G05.308.370'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.375.249.385', 'G05.360.340.024.340.415.400.385'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.588.149.721.450', 'C05.116.231.754.450', 'C05.500.499', 'C07.320.515'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04.557.450.565.575.650', 'C04.557.450.795.620'], ['G05.700'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.670', 'E01.370.225.750.600.670', 'E05.200.500.620.670', 'E05.200.750.600.670'], ['E05.318.740.998', 'N05.715.360.750.795', 'N06.850.520.830.998']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Orthodontic treatment complexity and need in a group of Nigerian patients: the relationship between the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI) and the Index of Complexity, Outcome, and Need (ICON).
|
AIM: The aim of this retrospective analytical study was to assess the relationship between the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI) and the Index of Complexity, Outcome, and Need (ICON) on the orthodontic treatment need and complexity in a group of Nigerian patients.METHODS AND MATERIALS: Fifty-six cases were randomly selected from the model storage of the orthodontic unit of the University College Hospital in Ibadan, Nigeria. The ICON was used to assess the pre-treatment study models for orthodontic treatment need and complexity of the cases while the DAI was also used to assess the same cases for treatment need. Descriptive statistics as well as the non-parametric (Spearman Rank-Order and Pearson's Product Moment) correlations were used to analyze the data.RESULTS: The mean ICON and DAI scores were 67.38+/-19.63 (SD) and 42.27+/-12 .66 (SD), respectively. Both the ICON and DAI agreed that one (1.8%) case did not need treatment while 46 (82.1%) needed treatment. All the difficult and very difficult cases according to the ICON were assessed as needing treatment by the DAI with 18 (13.1%) out of 22 (39.3%) in the very difficult category belonging to the handicapping group where treatment was mandatory. In all positive significant correlations were recorded for the ICON and DAI scores.CONCLUSION: The ICON and DAI showed favorable agreement when used to assess treatment needs through the use of study casts. The ICON could be a good substitute for the DAI in assessing pre-treatment needs of Nigerian patients.
|
['Dental Health Surveys', 'Esthetics, Dental', 'Female', 'Health Services Needs and Demand', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Malocclusion', 'Nigeria', 'Orthodontics, Corrective', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Statistics, Nonparametric']
| 17,351,680
|
[['E05.318.308.980.438.300', 'E06.208', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.300', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.300', 'N06.890.160'], ['E06.420'], ['N03.349.380.420', 'N05.300.450'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C07.793.494'], ['Z01.058.290.190.565'], ['E06.658.578'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.740.995', 'N05.715.360.750.760', 'N06.850.520.830.995']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Solution structure of subunit F(6) from the peripheral stalk region of ATP synthase from bovine heart mitochondria.
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The ATP synthase enzyme structure includes two stalk assemblies, the central stalk and the peripheral stalk. Catalysis involves rotation of the central stalk assembly together with the membrane-embedded ring of c-subunits driven by the trans-membrane proton-motive force, while the alpha and beta-subunits of F(1) are prevented from co-rotating by their attachment to the peripheral stalk. In the absence of structures of either the intact peripheral stalk or larger complexes containing it, we are studying its individual components and their interactions to build up an overall picture of its structure. Here, we describe an NMR structural characterisation of F(6), which is a 76-residue protein located in the peripheral stalk of the bovine ATP synthase and is essential for coupling between the proton-motive force and catalysis. Isolated F(6) has a highly flexible structure comprising two helices packed together through a loose hydrophobic core and connected by an unstructured linker. Analysis of chemical shifts, (15)N relaxation and RDC measurements confirm that the F(6) structure is flexible on a wide range of timescales ranging from nanoseconds to seconds. The relationship between this structure for isolated F(6) and its role in the intact peripheral stalk is discussed.
|
['Animals', 'Cattle', 'Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy', 'Mitochondria', 'Mitochondrial Proton-Translocating ATPases', 'Myocardium', 'Protein Structure, Tertiary']
| 15,327,958
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['E05.196.867.519'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.564', 'A11.284.835.626'], ['D08.811.277.040.025.325.750', 'D08.811.913.696.650.150.500.750', 'D12.776.157.530.450.250.875.500.750', 'D12.776.543.585.450.250.875.500.750', 'D12.776.543.585.475.625', 'D12.776.575.750.625'], ['A02.633.580', 'A07.541.704', 'A10.690.552.750'], ['G02.111.570.820.709.610']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The Effectiveness of Using the Critical Shoulder Angle and Acromion Index for Predicting Rotator Cuff Tears: Accurate Diagnosis Based on Standard and Nonstandard Anteroposterior Radiographs.
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PURPOSE: To explore whether the critical shoulder angle (CSA) and acromion index (AI) on nonstandard anteroposterior (AP) radiographs could be used as parameters for rotator cuff tear (RCT) diagnosis and to determine the optimized parameters.METHODS: This study included 174 patients with RCTs or intact rotator cuffs in whom AP radiographs were obtained at our hospital. The radiographs were assessed by 2 independent radiologists and were grouped according to the Suter-Henninger criteria. The CSA and AI were measured on all films. We performed receiver operating characteristic curve analysis by calculating the area under the curve (AUC) to compare the sensitivity and accuracy of both parameters.RESULTS: Of the 174 enrolled patients, only 47 (27%) met the requirements for standard AP films (types A1 and C1). On standard AP films, both the CSA and AI were significantly different between the RCT and control groups (P < .001 for CSA and P < .001 for AI), with AUCs of 0.86 and 0.80 for the CSA and AI, respectively. On nonstandard AP films (other radiograph types), the mean CSA value was not significantly different between the RCT and control groups (P = .536) whereas the AI showed a significant difference (P = .024). The AUCs were 0.57 for the CSA and 0.64 for the AI.CONCLUSIONS: On standard AP films, both the CSA and AI could predict rotator cuff disorders, and the CSA had a higher diagnostic accuracy than the AI. In contrast, on nonstandard AP films, the diagnostic efficacy of the AI was better than that of the CSA. On the basis of this study, we suggest an evaluation of the AP films of patients before diagnosis to confirm whether the AP films meet the criteria for standard AP films.LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level I, diagnostic study.
|
['Acromion', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'ROC Curve', 'Radiography', 'Rotator Cuff', 'Rotator Cuff Injuries', 'Shoulder Joint', 'Young Adult']
| 31,421,961
|
[['A02.835.232.087.783.261'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.370.800.750', 'E05.318.740.872.750', 'N05.715.360.325.700.680', 'N06.850.520.445.800.750'], ['E01.370.350.700'], ['A02.633.567.912', 'A02.880.700'], ['C26.761.340', 'C26.803.063', 'C26.874.400'], ['A02.835.583.748'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Survival of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts recovered from experimentally contaminated oysters (Ostrea edulis) and clams (Tapes decussatus).
|
Samples of two species of shellfish that form part of the human food chain (the oyster Ostrea edulis and the marine clam Tapes decussatus) were experimentally contaminated with Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts. Changes in the viability of oocysts subsequently recovered from the shellfish were evaluated by means of an immunofluorescent antibody technique (IFAT) and inclusion/exclusion of the fluorogenic vital dye propidium iodide. There was a sharp decrease in oocyst viability during the first 4 days, with 15-25% viable oocysts remaining thereafter. In addition the infectivity of these oocysts at 10 and 31 days post-contamination was demonstrated using a suckling murine model.
|
['Animals', 'Bivalvia', 'Cattle', 'Cryptosporidium parvum', 'Food Chain', 'Host-Parasite Interactions', 'Mice', 'Oocysts', 'Ostreidae', 'Parasite Egg Count', 'Water Microbiology']
| 11,936,501
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.500.644.080'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['B01.043.075.189.250.150.160.170'], ['G16.500.275.157.250', 'N06.230.124.250'], ['G16.527.200.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['A11.870.740.600', 'B05.500.675', 'B05.775.740.600', 'G07.345.500.550.500.675'], ['B01.050.500.644.080.643'], ['E01.370.225.932.600', 'E05.200.932.600'], ['H01.158.273.540.274.777', 'N06.850.425.450']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Reference point insensitive molecular data analysis.
|
MOTIVATION: In biomedicine, every molecular measurement is relative to a reference point, like a fixed aliquot of RNA extracted from a tissue, a defined number of blood cells, or a defined volume of biofluid. Reference points are often chosen for practical reasons. For example, we might want to assess the metabolome of a diseased organ but can only measure metabolites in blood or urine. In this case, the observable data only indirectly reflects the disease state. The statistical implications of these discrepancies in reference points have not yet been discussed.RESULTS: Here, we show that reference point discrepancies compromise the performance of regression models like the LASSO. As an alternative, we suggest zero-sum regression for a reference point insensitive analysis. We show that zero-sum regression is superior to the LASSO in case of a poor choice of reference point both in simulations and in an application that integrates intestinal microbiome analysis with metabolomics. Moreover, we describe a novel coordinate descent based algorithm to fit zero-sum elastic nets.AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION: The R-package "zeroSum" can be downloaded at https://github.com/rehbergT/zeroSum Moreover, we provide all R-scripts and data used to produce the results of this manuscript as Supplementary Material CONTACT: Michael.Altenbuchinger@ukr.de, Thorsten.Rehberg@ukr.de and Rainer.Spang@ukr.deSupplementary information: Supplementary material is available at Bioinformatics online.
|
['Algorithms', 'Bacteria', 'Computational Biology', 'Computer Simulation', 'Gastrointestinal Microbiome', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial', 'Humans', 'Metabolomics', 'Software']
| 27,634,945
|
[['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['B03'], ['H01.158.273.180', 'L01.313.124'], ['L01.224.160'], ['G06.591.375', 'G16.500.275.157.049.100.500.375', 'N06.230.124.049.100.500.250'], ['G05.308.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['H01.158.201.586', 'H01.158.273.180.599', 'H01.181.122.638'], ['L01.224.900']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Surveillance of vibriophages reveals their role as biomonitoring agents in Kolkata.
|
Cholera is a public health threat in all developing countries. Kolkata, a city in eastern India, is an endemic zone for cholera. During the course of a comprehensive investigation on the distribution of phages of Vibrio cholerae O1 and O139 in freshwater bodies in Kolkata, we were able to isolate the phages of V. cholerae O1 and O139. Vibrio cholerae O1 phages were found at all the sites and exhibited a distinct seasonal cycle, with a primary peak (13.6-17.2 PFU mL(-1)) during monsoon (June to August) in both 2006 and 2007. Vibrio cholerae O139 phages were present in the environment and were predominant during monsoon in the year 2006, except for late winter and early summer from February to April. In contrast, in the year 2007, the O139 phages could be isolated only during July to December, with the highest counts of 12.0 PFU mL(-1) determined in August. The multiplex PCR results showed that 90 samples were positive for wbe of V. cholerae O1, 32 samples for O139 (wbf) and 18 samples for both. This study shows that surveillance of vibriophages indicates the presence of V. cholerae O1 and O139 in water bodies in and around Kolkata and could therefore serve as a powerful biomonitoring agent.
|
['Bacteriophages', 'Cholera', 'DNA, Bacterial', 'Environmental Monitoring', 'Epidemiological Monitoring', 'Genes, Bacterial', 'India', 'Seasons', 'Vibrio cholerae O1', 'Vibrio cholerae O139', 'Water Microbiology']
| 19,220,862
|
[['B04.123'], ['C01.150.252.400.959.347'], ['D13.444.308.212'], ['N06.850.460.350.080', 'N06.850.780.375'], ['E05.318.375', 'N06.850.520.460'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.364.249', 'G05.360.340.358.024.249', 'G05.360.340.358.207.249'], ['Z01.252.245.393'], ['G01.910.645.661', 'G16.500.275.071.590', 'N06.230.300.100.250.525'], ['B03.440.450.900.859.225.151', 'B03.660.250.830.830.100.151'], ['B03.440.450.900.859.225.200', 'B03.660.250.830.830.100.200'], ['H01.158.273.540.274.777', 'N06.850.425.450']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
[Infections in children with leukaemia or malignant tumour treated with cytostatic agents: long-term study of 200 cases (author's transl)].
|
All children with leukaemia or malignant tumour receiving cytostatic agents were followed by virological tests over three years. Serological tests or virus isolation in 200 children demonstrated 238 instances of viral infection. Only those of the herpes group led to severe symptoms which, however, responded to treatment. The course of infections induced by respiratory viruses was no different from that in children not receiving immunosuppressive agents. It was possible, by using a "virus risk register", to give early protection to infected children by the appropriate prophylactic means. In addition to the virus infections there were seven cases of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia which ended fatally in two. Since the prophylactic use of cotrimoxazole there have been no further cases.
|
['Adolescent', 'Antineoplastic Agents', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Herpesviridae Infections', 'Humans', 'Leukemia', 'Neoplasms', 'Pneumonia, Pneumocystis', 'Virus Diseases']
| 6,260,450
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['D27.505.954.248'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['C01.925.256.466'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.557.337'], ['C04'], ['C01.150.703.534.700', 'C01.150.703.770.700', 'C01.748.435.700', 'C01.748.610.675', 'C08.381.472.700', 'C08.381.677.675', 'C08.730.435.700', 'C08.730.610.675'], ['C01.925']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
A phase I trial of imetelstat in children with refractory or recurrent solid tumors: a Children's Oncology Group Phase I Consortium Study (ADVL1112).
|
PURPOSE: Imetelstat is a covalently-lipidated 13-mer thiophosphoramidate oligonucleotide that acts as a potent specific inhibitor of telomerase. It binds with high affinity to the template region of the RNA component of human telomerase (hTERC) and is a competitive inhibitor of telomerase enzymatic activity. The purpose of this study was to determine the recommended phase II dose of imetelstat in children with recurrent or refractory solid tumors.EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Imetelstat was administered intravenously more than two hours on days 1 and 8, every 21 days. Dose levels of 225, 285, and 360 mg/m(2) were evaluated, using the rolling-six design. Imetelstat pharmacokinetic and correlative biology studies were also performed during the first cycle.RESULTS: Twenty subjects were enrolled (median age, 14 years; range, 3-21). Seventeen were evaluable for toxicity. The most common toxicities were neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, and lymphopenia, with dose-limiting myelosuppression in 2 of 6 patients at 360 mg/m(2). Pharmacokinetics is dose dependent with a lower clearance at the highest dose level. Telomerase inhibition was observed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells at 285 and 360 mg/m(2). Two confirmed partial responses, osteosarcoma (n = 1) and Ewing sarcoma (n = 1), were observed.CONCLUSIONS: The recommended phase II dose of imetelstat given on days 1 and 8 of a 21-day cycle is 285 mg/m(2).
|
['Adolescent', 'Antineoplastic Agents', 'Area Under Curve', 'Bone Neoplasms', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Drug Administration Schedule', 'Drug Resistance, Neoplasm', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Indoles', 'Leukocytes, Mononuclear', 'Male', 'Neoplasm Recurrence, Local', 'Neuroblastoma', 'Niacinamide', 'Oligonucleotides', 'Sarcoma, Ewing', 'Telomerase', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Young Adult']
| 24,097,866
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['D27.505.954.248'], ['E05.318.740.200', 'G03.787.101', 'G07.690.725.064', 'N06.850.520.830.200'], ['C04.588.149', 'C05.116.231'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['E02.319.283'], ['G07.690.773.984.395'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D03.633.100.473'], ['A11.118.637.555', 'A15.145.229.637.555', 'A15.382.490.555'], ['C04.697.655', 'C23.550.727.655'], ['C04.557.465.625.600.590.650.550', 'C04.557.470.670.590.650.550', 'C04.557.580.625.600.590.650.550'], ['D03.066.515.530', 'D03.383.725.547.530'], ['D13.695.578.424'], ['C04.557.450.565.575.650.800', 'C04.557.450.795.620.800'], ['D08.811.913.696.445.308.300.750.750', 'D12.776.157.687.613', 'D12.776.157.725.500.921', 'D12.776.660.720.613', 'D12.776.664.962.500.921'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
On the bilateral innervation of masticatory muscles: a study with retrograde tracers.
|
Using horseradish peroxidase and fluorescent compounds as retrograde tracers, the myotopical arrangement and axon trajectories of the motoneurons innervating the supramandibular and the suprahyoidal muscles were studied in the rat. Only motoneurons ipsilateral to the injection site were labelled. In the trigeminal motor nucleus, motoneurons of the superficial masseter muscle were found laterally, of the anterior deep masseter muscle centrally, and of the temporalis muscle dorsally and medially. Motoneurons of the anterior and posterior digastric muscle were located in the accessory motor nucleus of the trigeminal and facial nerve respectively. Evidence is provided that jaw-opening muscles are innervated from a separate motor complex.
|
['Animals', 'Benzimidazoles', 'Benzofurans', 'Female', 'Fluorescent Dyes', 'Horseradish Peroxidase', 'Masticatory Muscles', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Strains', 'Staining and Labeling']
| 2,416,722
|
[['B01.050'], ['D03.633.100.103'], ['D03.633.100.127'], ['D27.720.233.348', 'D27.720.470.410.505.500'], ['D08.811.682.732.512'], ['A02.633.567.600', 'A14.530'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.670', 'E01.370.225.750.600.670', 'E05.200.500.620.670', 'E05.200.750.600.670']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Down-regulated LAMA4 inhibits oxidative stress-induced apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells through the MAPK signaling pathway in rats with glaucoma.
|
Glaucoma is a neurodegenerative disorder that is generally accepted as the main cause of vision loss. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that laminin á4 (LAMA4) is implicated in glaucoma development by controlling apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) through the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. Expression profiles and genes associated with glaucoma were searched to determine the objective gene. Intraocular pressure (IOP) rats model were established and IOP was measured. The mRNA and protein expression of LAMA4, JNK, p38 MAPK, ERK, Bcl-2, Bax, Caspase-9, and p53 was determined in concert with the treatment of H2O2, si-NC, or si-LAMA4 in cultured RGCs. Viability of RGCs, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cell apoptosis was also measured. LAMA4 was selected as the study object because of its significant difference in two expression profiles. IOP of rats with glaucoma increased significantly after model establishment, and the LAMA4 protein expression in retinal tissue of rats with glaucoma was elevated. Down-regulation of LAMA4 could inhibit the mRNA and protein expression of LAMA4, JNK, p38 MAPK, ERK, Bax, Caspase-9, and p53, as well as restrain the apoptosis and ROS of RGCs, but improve Bcl-2 expression and viability of RGCs. Collectively, the obtained data supported that downregulated LAMA4 might reduce the oxidative stress-induced apoptosis of glaucoma RGCs by inhibiting the activation of the MAPK signaling pathway.
|
['Animals', 'Apoptosis', 'Cell Survival', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Down-Regulation', 'Glaucoma', 'Hydrogen Peroxide', 'Intraocular Pressure', 'Laminin', 'Male', 'Oxidative Stress', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Reactive Oxygen Species', 'Retinal Ganglion Cells', 'Signal Transduction', 'Transfection', 'p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases']
| 30,874,465
|
[['B01.050'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['G04.346'], ['A11.251'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['G02.111.240', 'G05.308.200', 'G07.690.773.937'], ['C11.525.381'], ['D01.248.497.158.685.750.424', 'D01.339.431.374.424', 'D01.650.550.750.400', 'D02.389.338.253'], ['G14.440'], ['D12.776.395.550.530', 'D12.776.543.550.500', 'D12.776.860.300.675'], ['G03.673', 'G07.775.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900'], ['D01.339.431', 'D01.650.775'], ['A08.675.650.850.875', 'A09.371.729.831.875', 'A11.671.650.850.875'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['E05.393.350.810', 'G05.728.860'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.567.843', 'D12.644.360.450.835', 'D12.776.476.450.835']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Late administration of Mn porphyrin-based SOD mimic enhances diabetic complications.
|
Mn(III) N-alkylpyridylporphyrins (MnPs) have demonstrated protection in various conditions where increased production of reactive oxygen/reactive nitrogen species (ROS/RNS), is a key pathological factors. MnPs can produce both pro-oxidative and antioxidative effects depending upon the cellular redox environment that they encounter. Previously we reported (Free Radic. Res. 39: 81-8, 2005) that when the treatment started at the onset of diabetes, Mn(III) meso-tetrakis(N-methylpyridinium-2-yl)porphyrin, MnTM-2-PyP(5+) suppressed diabetes-induced oxidative stress. Diabetes, however, is rarely diagnosed at its onset. The aim of this study was to investigate if MnTM-2-PyP(5+) can suppress oxidative damage and prevent diabetic complications when administered more than a week after the onset of diabetes. Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin. The MnP-based treatment started 8 days after the onset of diabetes and continued for 2 months. The effect of the treatment on activities of glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione reductase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, and glyoxalases I and II as well as malondialdehyde and GSH/GSSG ratio were determined in kidneys. Kidney function was assessed by measuring lysozyme and total protein in urine and blood urea nitrogen. Vascular damage was evaluated by assessing vascular reactivity. Our data showed that delayed administration of MnTM-2-PyP(5+) did not protect against oxidative damage and did not prevent diabetic complications. Moreover, MnTM-2-PyP(5+) contributed to the kidney damage, which seems to be a consequence of its pro-oxidative action. Such outcome can be explained by advanced oxidative damage which already existed at the moment the therapy with MnP started. The data support the concept that the overall biological effect of a redox-active MnP is determined by (i) the relative concentrations of oxidants and reductants, i.e. the cellular redox environment and (ii) MnP biodistribution.
|
['Animals', 'Biomimetic Materials', 'Diabetes Complications', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental', 'Drug Administration Schedule', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Humans', 'Kidney', 'Male', 'Metalloporphyrins', 'Oxidative Stress', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Streptozocin', 'Superoxide Dismutase']
| 24,191,241
|
[['B01.050'], ['J01.637.087'], ['C19.246.099'], ['C18.452.394.750.074', 'C19.246.240', 'E05.598.500.374'], ['E02.319.283'], ['G05.308'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A05.810.453'], ['D02.257.250', 'D03.383.129.578.840.500.640', 'D03.633.400.909.500.640', 'D04.345.783.500.640', 'D23.767.727.640'], ['G03.673', 'G07.775.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900'], ['D02.065.950.594.768', 'D02.654.692.768', 'D09.408.051.900'], ['D08.811.682.881']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Autosomal dominant onychodystrophy and anonychia with type B brachydactyly and ectrodactyly.
|
A family is reported with nail dysplasia and/or absent nails, long and broad finger-like thumbs, camptodactyly and absent fingers. Radiological studies revealed hypoplasia of metacarpals, metatarsals and distal phalanges. Two affected individuals have absent metacarpals and phalanges. The clinical and radiological features may constitute a distinct syndrome of autosomal dominant onychodystrophy and anonychia with Julia Bell brachydactyly type B.
|
['Adult', 'Dermatoglyphics', 'Female', 'Fingers', 'Genes, Dominant', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Nails, Malformed', 'Pedigree', 'Syndrome']
| 3,780,038
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E05.318.740.225.500.375', 'I01.198.780.937.343', 'N04.452.910.099.500'], ['A01.378.800.667.430'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.240', 'G05.420.320'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C23.300.820'], ['E05.393.673'], ['C23.550.288.500']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Rapid and deep-scale ubiquitylation profiling for biology and translational research.
|
Protein ubiquitylation is involved in a plethora of cellular processes. While antibodies directed at ubiquitin remnants (K-?-GG) have improved the ability to monitor ubiquitylation using mass spectrometry, methods for highly multiplexed measurement of ubiquitylation in tissues and primary cells using sub-milligram amounts of sample remains a challenge. Here, we present a highly sensitive, rapid and multiplexed protocol termed UbiFast for quantifying ~10,000 ubiquitylation sites from as little as 500 ìg peptide per sample from cells or tissue in a TMT10plex in ca. 5 h. High-field Asymmetric Waveform Ion Mobility Spectrometry (FAIMS) is used to improve quantitative accuracy for posttranslational modification analysis. We use the approach to rediscover substrates of the E3 ligase targeting drug lenalidomide and to identify proteins modulated by ubiquitylation in models of basal and luminal human breast cancer. The sensitivity and speed of the UbiFast method makes it suitable for large-scale studies in primary tissue samples.
|
['Animals', 'Breast Neoplasms', 'Casein Kinase Ialpha', 'Female', 'HeLa Cells', 'Humans', 'Ikaros Transcription Factor', 'Mass Spectrometry', 'Mice', 'Multiple Myeloma', 'Protein Processing, Post-Translational', 'Proteins', 'Proteome', 'Proteomics', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Staining and Labeling', 'Translational Medical Research', 'Ubiquitin', 'Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases', 'Ubiquitination']
| 31,953,384
|
[['B01.050'], ['C04.588.180', 'C17.800.090.500'], ['D05.500.117.750.100', 'D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.140.300.100', 'D12.776.476.081.750.100', 'D12.776.476.150.299.100'], ['A11.251.210.190.400', 'A11.251.860.180.400', 'A11.436.340'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.260.522.500', 'D12.776.930.375.500'], ['E05.196.566'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['C04.557.595.500', 'C14.907.454.460', 'C15.378.147.780.650', 'C15.378.463.515.460', 'C20.683.515.845', 'C20.683.780.650'], ['G02.111.660.871.790.600', 'G02.111.691.600', 'G03.734.871.790.600', 'G05.308.670.600'], ['D12.776'], ['D12.776.817'], ['H01.158.201.843', 'H01.158.273.180.350.700', 'H01.158.273.343.350.700', 'H01.181.122.738'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.670', 'E01.370.225.750.600.670', 'E05.200.500.620.670', 'E05.200.750.600.670'], ['H01.770.644.145.675'], ['D12.776.947.500'], ['D08.811.464.938.750'], ['G02.111.660.871.790.600.925', 'G02.111.691.600.775', 'G03.734.871.790.600.831', 'G05.308.670.600.831']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Escherichia coli ribonucleotide reductase. Radical susceptibility to hydroxyurea is dependent on the regulatory state of the enzyme.
|
Ribonucleotide reductase catalyzes the reduction of ribonucleotides to their corresponding deoxyribonucleotides via a radical-mediated mechanism. The enzyme from Escherichia coli consists of the two non-identical proteins, R1 and R2, the latter of which contains the necessary free radical located to a tyrosine residue. The radical scavenger hydroxyurea was found to reduce the tyrosyl radical of R2 in a second-order reaction. The rate constant (0.50 M-1 s-1 at 25 degrees C) for this process was several orders of magnitude lower than the hydroxyurea-dependent reduction of free tyrosyl radicals in solution. This difference probably reflects the fact that the R2 tyrosyl radical is buried in the interior of the protein. Formation of the R1R2 complex changed the susceptibility of the radical to hydroxyurea in a manner that reflects the regulatory state of the holoenzyme. Furthermore, binding of substrate or product to the holoenzyme complex made the R2 radical at least 10 times more susceptible to inactivation by hydroxyurea than it was in the isolated R2 protein. One active site mutation in the R1 protein was shown to affect the sensitivity of the tyrosyl radical of R2 differently than wild type protein R1 does. Our results clearly show that the susceptibility of the tyrosyl radical in R2 to inactivation by hydroxyurea can be used as an efficient probe for the regulatory state of the holoenzyme complex.
|
['Escherichia coli', 'Hydroxyurea', 'Kinetics', 'Mutation', 'Ribonucleotide Reductases', 'Temperature']
| 1,618,767
|
[['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['D02.065.950.395'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['G05.365.590'], ['D08.811.682.810'], ['G01.906.595', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710', 'G16.500.750.775.710', 'N06.230.150.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Rumination and negative symptoms in schizophrenia.
|
Rumination is thought to be an important maintaining factor in depression. Depressive symptomatology is also a prominent feature in schizophrenia. However, little is known about the relationship between rumination and symptoms, such as depression and negative symptoms, in schizophrenia. The present study examined associations between rumination and symptoms in a group of 37 stable medicated patients with schizophrenia. All participants were clinically assessed on their symptoms and completed self-reported measures of depression and rumination. The findings showed that negative symptoms, especially emotional withdrawal and stereotyped thinking, but not depressive symptomatology, were associated with rumination in the present sample of patients with schizophrenia. If the findings are replicated, interventions that reduce rumination and rigid thinking might be helpful to reduce some negative symptoms of psychosis.
|
['Adaptation, Psychological', 'Adult', 'Cognition Disorders', 'Depression', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Personality Inventory', 'Psychiatric Status Rating Scales', 'Psychotic Disorders', 'Schizophrenia', 'Schizophrenic Psychology', 'Stress, Psychological', 'Surveys and Questionnaires']
| 19,752,652
|
[['F01.058'], ['M01.060.116'], ['F03.615.250'], ['F01.145.126.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['F04.711.647.513'], ['F04.711.513.653'], ['F03.700.675'], ['F03.700.750'], ['F04.824'], ['F01.145.126.990', 'F02.830.900'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Add-on grade-ranking scale for assessing thrombotic risk in patients with ischemic heart disease and percutaneous coronary angioplasty.
|
OBJECTIVE: Introduction: The anticipation of the development of thrombotic complications in coronary angioplasty patients helps to prevent this dangerous complication. Development of the available informative scales on the basis of mathematical methods taking into account the main clinical and biochemical parameters significantly simplifies the classification of patients in terms of thrombotic risk. The aim of the paper is to concentrate information on the state of hemostasis in the studied category of patients using the method of the main components and to obtain a matrix with minimal loss of information, which is convenient for analysis and the creation of a grade-ranking scale.PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: Data of 70 patients with coronary heart disease and percutaneous coronary angioplasty were analyzed. The level of soluble fibrin, fibrinogen, D-dimer, protein C, and ratios rf/dd?100 were determined, and also the presence of diabetes mellitus and restenosis in the history was considered.RESULTS: Results: As a result of a stepwise study using the method of the main components, in the first stage two most singular matrices were obtained that describe 70% of the entire data variance (one of them is the component rf+dd, and the second one is fg+pc), which led to the first indicator of the level of thrombotic risk. At the second stage, the level of thrombotic risk was clarified, taking into consideration the presence of diabetes and history of restenosis, and it is recommended to use a second indicator for its determination (rf/dd?100).CONCLUSION: Conclusions: The presented grade-ranking scale scale allows the anticipation of the development of thrombotic complications in the studied category of patients with high probability.
|
['Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary', 'Coronary Disease', 'Diabetes Mellitus', 'Humans', 'Recurrence', 'Risk Assessment', 'Risk Factors', 'Thrombosis']
| 31,622,255
|
[['E02.148.050.060.100', 'E04.100.376.719.100', 'E04.100.814.529.124.060.100', 'E04.100.814.529.968.050', 'E04.502.382.124.060.100', 'E04.502.382.968.050', 'E04.928.220.520.100', 'E05.157.016.060.100'], ['C14.280.647.250', 'C14.907.585.250'], ['C18.452.394.750', 'C19.246'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C23.550.291.937'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.715', 'N04.452.871.715', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.690', 'N06.850.505.715', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.715'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['C14.907.355.830']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Polyphenolic enriched extract of Cassia glauca Lamk, improves streptozotocin-induced type-1 diabetes linked with partial insulin resistance in rats.
|
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Traditionally Cassia glauca (CG) has been used to treat diabetes.AIM OF THE STUDY: The study was undertaken to evaluate anti-diabetic and antioxidant activity of polyphenolic enriched extract of CG in standardized streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats.MATERIALS AND METHODS: The effect of ethanol (CGE) and water (CGW) extracts of CG (200 and 400mg/kg) treatment were evaluated in STZ (50mg/kg, iv) induced diabetic rats. On 10th day, oral glucose tolerance test and degree of insulin resistance was calculated. On 13th day, insulin tolerance test was performed to know the peripheral utilization of glucose. On 15th day, blood glucose, lipid profiles and endogenous antioxidant levels were estimated. In addition, the effects on oral glucose/sucrose tolerance test in normal rats. Further, HPLC fingerprinting profile of CGE and simultaneous quantification of biomarkers were carried out.RESULTS: Supplementation with CGE and CGW significantly reduced STZ-induced deleterious effects and improved glucose tolerance, and insulin tolerance. In addition, supplementation also decreased oxidative stress by improving endogenous antioxidant levels. Furthermore, administration significantly improves sucrose tolerance suggesting that extract possess inhibition of á-glucosidase enzyme. Further, HPLC studies revealed that CGE contains three bioactive polyphenolic compounds viz., rutin (0.10±0.01mg/g), luteolin-7-glucoside (0.06±0.01mg/g) and isorhoifolin (0.7±0.05mg/g).CONCLUSION: Observed beneficial outcome of CG might be attributed to the presence of polyphenolic compounds and mediated by interacting with multiple targets of diabetes and oxidative stress. Taken together, this study provided the scientific evidence for the traditional use of CG.
|
['Animals', 'Antioxidants', 'Blood Glucose', 'Cassia', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Glucose Tolerance Test', 'Hypoglycemic Agents', 'Insulin Resistance', 'Male', 'Oxidative Stress', 'Plant Extracts', 'Polyphenols', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Streptozocin']
| 28,109,916
|
[['B01.050'], ['D27.505.519.217', 'D27.505.696.706.125', 'D27.720.799.047'], ['D09.947.875.359.448.500'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.401.100'], ['C18.452.394.750.074', 'C19.246.240', 'E05.598.500.374'], ['C18.452.394.750.124', 'C19.246.267', 'C20.111.327'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['E01.370.225.124.100.355', 'E01.370.374.355', 'E05.200.124.100.355'], ['D27.505.696.422'], ['C18.452.394.968.500', 'G07.690.773.984.617'], ['G03.673', 'G07.775.750'], ['D20.215.784.500', 'D26.667'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.657.715', 'D03.633.100.150.266.450.260.777'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900'], ['D02.065.950.594.768', 'D02.654.692.768', 'D09.408.051.900']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Designed coiled coils promote folding of a recombinant bacterial collagen.
|
Collagen triple helices fold slowly and inefficiently, often requiring adjacent globular domains to assist this process. In the Streptococcus pyogenes collagen-like protein Scl2, a V domain predicted to be largely á-helical, occurs N-terminal to the collagen triple helix (CL). Here, we replace this natural trimerization domain with a de novo designed, hyperstable, parallel, three-stranded, á-helical coiled coil (CC), either at the N terminus (CC-CL) or the C terminus (CL-CC) of the collagen domain. CD spectra of the constructs are consistent with additivity of independently and fully folded CC and CL domains, and the proteins retain their distinctive thermal stabilities, CL at ?37 °C and CC at >90 °C. Heating the hybrid proteins to 50 °C unfolds CL, leaving CC intact, and upon cooling, the rate of CL refolding is somewhat faster for CL-CC than for CC-CL. A construct with coiled coils on both ends, CC-CL-CC, retains the ?37 °C thermal stability for CL but shows less triple helix at low temperature and less denaturation at 50 °C. Most strikingly however, in CC-CL-CC, the CL refolds slower than in either CC-CL or CL-CC by almost two orders of magnitude. We propose that a single CC promotes folding of the CL domain via nucleation and in-register growth from one end, whereas initiation and growth from both ends in CC-CL-CC results in mismatched registers that frustrate folding. Bioinformatics analysis of natural collagens lends support to this because, where present, there is generally only one coiled-coil domain close to the triple helix, and it is nearly always N-terminal to the collagen repeat.
|
['Bacterial Proteins', 'Collagen', 'Hot Temperature', 'Protein Folding', 'Protein Structure, Secondary', 'Protein Structure, Tertiary', 'Recombinant Proteins', 'Streptococcus pyogenes']
| 21,454,493
|
[['D12.776.097'], ['D05.750.078.280', 'D12.776.860.300.250'], ['G01.906.595.543', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710.380', 'G16.500.750.775.710.380', 'N06.230.300.100.725.232', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710.380'], ['G01.154.651', 'G02.111.688'], ['G02.111.570.820.709.600'], ['G02.111.570.820.709.610'], ['D12.776.828'], ['B03.353.750.737.872.575', 'B03.510.400.800.872.575', 'B03.510.550.737.872.575']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Primary care provider practices and beliefs related to cervical cancer screening with the HPV test in Federally Qualified Health Centers.
|
OBJECTIVE: Cervical cancer screening using the human papillomavirus (HPV) test and Pap test together (co-testing) is an option for average-risk women ? 30 years of age. With normal co-test results, screening intervals can be extended. The study objective is to assess primary care provider practices, beliefs, facilitators and barriers to using the co-test and extending screening intervals among low-income women.METHOD: Data were collected from 98 providers in 15 Federally Qualified Health Center (FQHC) clinics in Illinois between August 2009 and March 2010 using a cross-sectional survey.RESULTS: 39% of providers reported using the co-test, and 25% would recommend a three-year screening interval for women with normal co-test results. Providers perceived greater encouragement for co-testing than for extending screening intervals with a normal co-test result. Barriers to extending screening intervals included concerns about patients not returning annually for other screening tests (77%), patient concerns about missing cancer (62%), and liability (52%).CONCLUSION: Among FQHC providers in Illinois, few administered the co-test for screening and recommended appropriate intervals, possibly due to concerns over loss to follow-up and liability. Education regarding harms of too-frequent screening and false positives may be necessary to balance barriers to extending screening intervals.
|
['Adult', 'Attitude of Health Personnel', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Culture', 'Early Detection of Cancer', 'Female', 'Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice', 'Health Services Misuse', 'Health Services Research', 'Hospitals, Federal', 'Humans', 'Illinois', 'Papillomavirus Infections', "Practice Patterns, Physicians'", 'Primary Health Care', 'United States', 'Uterine Cervical Neoplasms', 'Utilization Review', 'Vaginal Smears']
| 23,628,517
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['F01.100.050', 'N05.300.100'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['I01.076.201.450', 'I01.880.853.100'], ['E01.390.500'], ['F01.100.150.500', 'N05.300.150.410'], ['N02.421.380', 'N05.300.150.395'], ['H01.770.644.145.360', 'N03.349.380', 'N05.425'], ['N02.278.421.510.180'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.107.567.875.350.350', 'Z01.107.567.875.510.350'], ['C01.925.256.650', 'C01.925.928.725'], ['N04.590.374.577', 'N05.300.625'], ['N04.590.233.727'], ['Z01.107.567.875'], ['C04.588.945.418.948.850', 'C13.351.500.852.593.131', 'C13.351.500.852.762.850', 'C13.351.937.418.875.850'], ['N04.761.879', 'N05.700.900'], ['E01.370.225.500.384.100.800', 'E01.370.225.998.054.800', 'E01.370.378.900', 'E04.074.800', 'E05.200.500.384.100.800', 'E05.200.998.054.800', 'E05.242.384.100.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Treatment with natalizumab in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients induces changes in inflammatory mechanism.
|
Natalizumab is a widely accepted drug for the relapsing-remitting subtype of multiple sclerosis (RRMS). The present longitudinal exploratory study in RRMS patients analyzes the effects of natalizumab treatment on the levels of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine protein levels and also the frequency and suppressor function of regulatory T cells. Flow cytometry was used to determine cytokines and regulatory T cell frequency while regulatory T cell suppressor function was assayed in vitro at different time-points after starting with natalizumab. Results showed serum levels of pro-inflammatory interferon gamma and interleukin (IL)-12p70, as well as anti-inflammatory IL-4 and IL-10, were elevated just a few hours or days after first IV infusion of natalizumab. Interestingly, other cytokines like IL-5 or IL-13 were also elevated while pro-inflammatory IL-17, IL-2, and IL-1â increased only after a long-term treatment, suggesting different immune mechanisms. In contrast, we did not observe any effect of natalizumab treatment on regulatory T cell frequency or activity. In conclusion, these results suggest natalizumab has other immunological effects beyond VLA-4 interaction and inhibition of CNS extravasation, the relevance of which is as yet unknown and warrants further investigation.
|
['Adult', 'Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Cytokines', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Integrin alpha4beta1', 'Longitudinal Studies', 'Male', 'Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting', 'Natalizumab', 'Recurrence', 'T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory']
| 21,491,095
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224.060', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224.060', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224.200'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['D12.644.276.374', 'D12.776.467.374', 'D23.529.374'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.395.550.200.625.347', 'D12.776.543.550.200.625.347', 'D12.776.543.750.705.408.530.500', 'D12.776.543.750.705.408.850.299', 'D12.776.543.750.705.877.347', 'D23.050.301.350.625.347'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.500'], ['C10.114.375.500.600', 'C10.314.350.500.600', 'C20.111.258.250.500.600'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224.060.813', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224.060.813', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224.200.813'], ['C23.550.291.937'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.550.500.700', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.200.700', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.500.700', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.550.500.700', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.200.700', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.500.700', 'A15.382.490.555.567.550.500.700', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.200.700', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.500.700']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Endobronchial ultrasound with transbronchial needle aspiration in the diagnosis of bilateral hilar and mediastinal lymphadenopathy.
|
BACKGROUND: : Bilateral hilar and/or mediastinal lymphadenopathy (BHL±ML) is an important radiographic finding. Since it was examined 38 years ago by Winterbauer and colleagues, better diagnostic techniques have been developed. The purpose of this study was to reexamine the diagnosis of BHL±ML by Endobronchial Ultrasound-guided Transbronchial Needle Aspiration (EBUS-TBNA).METHODS: : We carried out a retrospective analysis of data from 78 consecutive patients with BHL±ML who underwent EBUS-TBNA. Patient's characteristics including age, sex, symptoms, radiographic abnormalities, lymph node size, procedural complications, and the final pathologic diagnosis were recorded.RESULTS: : There were 8 diagnostic categories. Sarcoidosis was the most common diagnosis (73%), followed by lymphoma (10%), and reactive lymphadenopathy (10%). Nonlymphoma malignancy was found in 1 case. Seventy-three percent of the patients with sarcoidosis had stage 1 and 27% had stage 2 disease. The diagnosis was made by EBUS-TBNA in 92.3% of the cases. The diagnostic accuracy for EBUS-TBNA was 95% for stage 1 and 93% for stage 2. Fifty one percent of the patients were asymptomatic. Fifty seven percent of sarcoidosis and 36% of the nonsarcoidosis patients were asymptomatic. There were no significant complications from EBUS-TBNA.CONCLUSIONS: : EBUS-TBNA is a safe and minimally invasive procedure with a high diagnostic yield for BHL±ML. Sarcoidosis is still the most common diagnosis but the incidence seems to have decreased over the years. The increase in nonsarcoidosis patients and the evidence that lymphoma does occur in some asymptomatic patients suggests that biopsy confirmation with EBUS-TBNA is warranted.
|
['Diagnosis, Differential', 'Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Fine Needle Aspiration', 'Endosonography', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Lung Diseases', 'Lymph Nodes', 'Lymphatic Diseases', 'Lymphoma', 'Male', 'Mediastinal Diseases', 'Middle Aged', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Sarcoidosis']
| 23,207,258
|
[['E01.171'], ['E01.370.225.500.384.100.119.500.500', 'E01.370.225.500.384.100.370.500', 'E01.370.225.998.054.119.500.500', 'E01.370.225.998.054.370.500', 'E01.370.350.850.855.500', 'E01.370.388.100.100.500.500', 'E01.370.388.100.370.500', 'E04.074.119.500.500', 'E04.074.370.500', 'E04.502.890.500', 'E05.200.500.384.100.119.500.500', 'E05.200.500.384.100.370.500', 'E05.200.998.054.119.500.500', 'E05.200.998.054.370.500', 'E05.242.384.100.119.500.500', 'E05.242.384.100.370.500'], ['E01.370.350.850.280'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C08.381'], ['A10.549.400', 'A15.382.520.604.412'], ['C15.604'], ['C04.557.386', 'C15.604.515.569', 'C20.683.515.761'], ['C08.846.187'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['C15.604.515.827']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Responses of cerebral arterioles to N-methyl-D-aspartate and activation of ATP-sensitive potassium channels in old rats.
|
The first goal of this study was to examine the hypothesis that aging impairs dilator responses of cerebral arterioles to N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA). The second goal was to determine whether aging impairs vasodilatation in response to activation of ATP-sensitive K+ channels. Diameter of cerebral arterioles was measured through a cranial window in anesthetized adult (5 +/- 1 (mean +/- S.E.) months old) and old (26 +/- 1 months old) Fischer 344 rats. In adult rats, NMDA (10 and 100 microM) dilated pial arterioles by 14 +/- 5 and 72 +/- 9%, respectively, from a control diameter of 36 +/- 5 microns. Aprikalim (1 and 10 microM), a direct activator of ATP-sensitive potassium channels, dilated cerebral arterioles in adult rats by 14 +/- 3 and 49 +/- 6%, respectively. Vasodilatation in response to NMDA and aprikalim were similar in old and adult rats. Thus, in contrast to impaired cerebral vasodilator responses to some stimuli, responses of cerebral arterioles to NMDA and activation of ATP-sensitive potassium channels are preserved in old Fischer 344 rats.
|
['Adenosine Triphosphate', 'Aging', 'Animals', 'Arterioles', 'Cerebrovascular Circulation', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Male', 'N-Methylaspartate', 'Picolines', 'Potassium Channels', 'Pyrans', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred F344', 'Vasodilator Agents']
| 7,987,685
|
[['D03.633.100.759.646.138.236', 'D13.695.667.138.236', 'D13.695.827.068.236'], ['G07.345.124'], ['B01.050'], ['A07.015.114.060', 'A07.015.461.080'], ['G09.330.100.159'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['D12.125.067.500.400', 'D12.125.119.170.400'], ['D03.383.725.676'], ['D12.776.157.530.400.600', 'D12.776.543.550.450.750', 'D12.776.543.585.400.750'], ['D03.383.663'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760.200', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400.200'], ['D27.505.954.411.918']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The Effects of Exercise, Aspirin, and Celecoxib in an Atherogenic Environment.
|
INTRODUCTION: Optimal vascular function is a hallmark of cardiovascular health. Specifically, the balance of vasoconstricting and vasodilating substances is recognized as a marker of vascular health. One of the greatest challenges to vascular health and vasodilatory balance is tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFá)-mediated inflammation. Uncovering effective strategies that maintain a vascular environment that is more vasodilatory and antithrombotic in the face of an inflammatory challenge is favorable.PURPOSE: To test the ability of various antithrombotic and provasodilatory treatments, as well as combinations thereof, to prevent unfavorable changes in markers of endothelial dysfunction in human umbilical vein endothelial cells when presented with an inflammatory challenge.METHODS: Human umbilical vein endothelial cells were pretreated with exercise-like levels of laminar shear stress (LSS), aspirin, celecoxib, and their combination before a TNFá challenge. Western blot analysis as well as colorimetric assays were used to determine levels of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and prostacyclin (6-keto PGF1á)/thromboxane (TXB2) metabolite ratio, respectively.RESULTS: Neither aspirin nor celecoxib were effective in preventing TNFá-induced reduction in eNOS. Further, aspirin was unable to maintain baseline levels of prostacyclin/thromboxane ratio in the face of the inflammatory challenge. Laminar shear stress, aspirin/LSS combination, and celecoxib/LSS combination were all able to prevent TNFá-induced alterations in eNOS levels and prostacyclin/thromboxane ratio.CONCLUSIONS: Effective strategies to maintain a healthy endothelium, and therefore resistance vessel health, need to include exercise-levels of shear stress to be effective.
|
['Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal', 'Aspirin', 'Atherosclerosis', 'Celecoxib', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Epoprostenol', 'Exercise', 'Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells', 'Humans', 'Inflammation', 'Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III', 'Stress, Mechanical', 'Thromboxane B2', 'Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha']
| 29,771,821
|
[['D27.505.696.663.850.014.040.500', 'D27.505.954.158.030', 'D27.505.954.329.030'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.657.410.595.176'], ['C14.907.137.126.307'], ['D02.065.884.247', 'D02.886.590.700.247', 'D03.383.129.539.160'], ['A11.251'], ['D10.251.355.255.550.550.500', 'D23.469.050.175.725.550.500'], ['G11.427.410.698.277', 'I03.350'], ['A11.436.275.682'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C23.550.470'], ['D08.811.682.664.500.772.750'], ['G01.374.835'], ['D10.251.355.255.100.825.810', 'D10.251.355.310.166.971.810'], ['D12.644.276.374.500.800', 'D12.644.276.374.750.626', 'D12.776.124.900', 'D12.776.395.930', 'D12.776.467.374.500.800', 'D12.776.467.374.750.626', 'D23.529.374.500.800', 'D23.529.374.750.626']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Morphology of the muscle articulation joint between the hooks of a flatworm (Kalyptorhynchia, Cheliplana sp.).
|
Schizorhynch kalyptorhynchs are meiofaunal turbellarian predators that possess an eversible proboscis that can be armed with two stout hooks. The hooks grasp and manipulate prey using a wide range of rotations and translations. These diverse motions are possible because the hook supports may function as a muscle articulation type joint-that is, a joint formed of muscle and connective tissue that connects, separates, and moves the microscopic hooks. We analyze the morphology of the flexible joint in a species of Cheliplana by using three types of microscopy: light, laser scanning confocal, and transmission electron. Radial myofilament bundles are present in the core of the hook supports, and lateral divaricator muscle fibers are located on their lateral surfaces. We develop a novel model for movements of the proboscis and describe the tensile function of the basement membrane that surrounds each hook support's medial glandular region. Contraction of divaricator muscle fibers antagonized by contraction of radial myofilaments causes the lateral bending of the hook supports and opening of the hook apparatus. Relaxation of the divaricator fibers and maximal contraction of the radial myofilaments, which put the medial basement membranes in tension, may cause medial bending in the hook supports and closing of the hook apparatus. During proboscis retraction, closure may also be aided by the compression of the hook apparatus as the proboscis is drawn through the rostral pore. The study provides new insights into the principles of support and movement in muscle articulations.
|
['Animals', 'Joints', 'Microscopy', 'Microscopy, Confocal', 'Microscopy, Electron, Transmission', 'Models, Biological', 'Muscles', 'Turbellaria']
| 20,413,793
|
[['B01.050'], ['A02.835.583'], ['E01.370.350.515', 'E05.595', 'H01.671.617.562'], ['E01.370.350.515.395', 'E05.595.395'], ['E01.370.350.515.402.580', 'E05.595.402.580'], ['E05.599.395'], ['A02.633', 'A10.690'], ['B01.050.500.500.736.847']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Blood level, distribution, metabolite pattern and excretion of [14C]alinidine in mice and rats.
|
Following oral and intravenous administration the absorption, distribution, metabolite pattern and excretion of [14C]alinidine, a drug with specific bradycardic efficacy, was studied in mice and rats. [14C]alinidine was rapidly and extensively absorbed. The distribution of radio-labelled drug over the entire animal body was rapid as indicated by blood level curves as well as by whole body autoradiography. In both species radioactive compounds were eliminated from blood with half-lives ranging from 5.6 h to 7.4 h. More than 50% of the renally excreted radioactivity was a uniform substance behaving in in TLC and HPLC experiments like the drug administered. From rat urine this compound could be identified as [14C]alinidine using mass spectrometry. In mice and rats no definite substance with clonidine-like chromatographic properties was found. Biliary excretion was demonstrated in both species. The renal portion of the total radioactivity elimination was 67.2-70.1% of the dose administered in mice and 68.1-85.1% in rats. Total excretion was 85.1-101.3% of radioactivity given and was complete 3-4 days after [14C]alinidine administration. No significant differences in pharmacokinetic behavior in mice and rats could be found.
|
['Administration, Oral', 'Animals', 'Autoradiography', 'Bile', 'Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'Clonidine', 'Female', 'Injections, Intravenous', 'Intestinal Absorption', 'Kinetics', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Protein Binding', 'Rats', 'Tissue Distribution']
| 3,816,873
|
[['E02.319.267.100'], ['B01.050'], ['E01.370.225.750.132', 'E05.200.750.132', 'E05.799.256'], ['A12.200.087'], ['E05.196.181.400.300'], ['D03.383.129.308.436.500'], ['E02.319.267.082.750', 'E02.319.267.530.540'], ['G03.015.500.374.500', 'G03.787.024.500.374.500', 'G07.203.650.372.500', 'G07.690.725.015.500.374.500', 'G10.261.353.500'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['G03.787.917', 'G07.690.725.949']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Synthesis of Binderless ZK-4 Zeolite Microspheres at High Temperature.
|
Binderless zeolite macrostructures in the form of ZK-4 microspheres were prepared using anion-exchange resin beads as shape-directing macrotemplates. The particles were synthesized under hydrothermal conditions at different temperatures and treatment times. The influence of the different synthesis parameters was investigated by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, fluorescence X, nitrogen adsorption measurements and 29Si solid-state NMR. Fully crystalline spheres similar in size and shape to the original resin beads were obtained by a hydrothermal treatment at the highest temperatures (150⁻180 °C) for a short treatment time of 24 h. The synthesized microspheres showed to be promising in the molecular decontamination of volatile organic compounds (VOCs).
|
['Adsorption', 'Decontamination', 'Hot Temperature', 'Microscopy, Electron, Scanning', 'Microspheres', 'Particle Size', 'Volatile Organic Compounds', 'X-Ray Diffraction', 'Zeolites']
| 30,332,752
|
[['G01.030', 'G02.020'], ['N06.850.780.325'], ['G01.906.595.543', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710.380', 'G16.500.750.775.710.380', 'N06.230.300.100.725.232', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710.380'], ['E01.370.350.515.402.541', 'E05.595.402.541'], ['E07.565'], ['G02.712'], ['D02.974'], ['E05.196.309.742', 'E05.196.822.950', 'G01.867.950', 'G02.965'], ['D01.056.050.075.975', 'D01.578.725.025.975', 'D01.650.550.050.075.975', 'D01.837.725.700.760.050.950']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Expression of parathyroid hormone-related protein mRNA by uterine tissues and extraembryonic membranes during gestation in rats.
|
Hybridization histochemistry and solution hybridization studies were performed to localize the expression of parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) during implantation in rats. Parallel studies were performed on rat uteri bearing oil-induced deciduomata and on cultured blastocysts. PTHrP mRNA begins to be expressed at day 5.5 of gestation by the uterine epithelium in the anti-mesometrial crypts marking the sites of implantation and in comparable regions during induction of deciduoma. Trophoblastic giant cells express the gene as soon as they are phenotypically recognizable both in vivo and in culture, but PTHrP mRNA cannot be detected in the early blastocyst or in cells of the inner cell mass. Decidual cells produce PTHrP mRNA both in normal gestation and after the induction of deciduomata. In each case, the expression of the gene in decidual cells follows its expression in uterine epithelium by 48 h. The uterine topographical location and time of expression of the PTHrP gene suggests that it plays a part in the implantation of the blastocyst.
|
['Animals', 'Blastocyst', 'Decidua', 'Embryo Implantation', 'Extraembryonic Membranes', 'Female', 'Gene Expression', 'Histocytochemistry', 'In Situ Hybridization', 'Parathyroid Hormone', 'Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein', 'Pregnancy', 'Pregnancy, Animal', 'Proteins', 'Pseudopregnancy', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Uterus']
| 8,107,015
|
[['B01.050'], ['A16.254.500'], ['A05.360.319.679.490.373', 'A16.710.289'], ['G08.686.784.170.104.500'], ['A10.615.284', 'A16.254.750'], ['G05.297'], ['E01.370.225.500.607', 'E01.370.225.750.551', 'E05.200.500.607', 'E05.200.750.551', 'H01.158.100.656.234', 'H01.158.201.344', 'H01.181.122.573'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.670.325', 'E01.370.225.750.600.670.325', 'E05.200.500.620.670.325', 'E05.200.750.600.670.325', 'E05.393.661.475'], ['D06.472.699.590', 'D12.644.548.587'], ['D06.472.699.591', 'D12.644.276.908', 'D12.644.548.588', 'D12.776.467.890', 'D23.529.890'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['G08.686.784.769.498'], ['D12.776'], ['G08.686.784.769.887'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['A05.360.319.679']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Temperature-Induced Collapse, and Arrested Collapse, of Anisotropic Endoskeleton Droplets.
|
Micron-scale rod-shaped droplets with a range of aspect ratios are produced using extrusion of oil containing a soft wax crystal network to permit shape customization. A physical model of the droplet shape stability is developed based on balancing interfacial stresses with the internal crystal network yield stress. The model predicts the mechanical properties required for particular droplet size stability, in a given physicochemical environment, and is tested by microscopic observations of droplets over a range of relevant applied temperatures. The time-dependent response to temperature of individual rods is monitored and used to identify the collapse temperature based on structural yielding. Precise temperature control allows variation of the droplet endoskeleton yield stress and direct determination of the droplet stability as a function of size, by observing the onset of collapse by interfacial compression, and enables validation of the model predictions. Mapping the regions of droplet stability and instability for various-sized droplets yields a basis for designing droplet shapes for multiple applications using easily measured physical variables. The phenomenon of arrested collapse is also explored as a means of transforming simple rod-shaped starting materials into more complex shapes and enhancing adhesion to targeted solid surfaces, enabling exploitation of the hybrid solid-liquid nature of these droplets.
|
['Alkanes', 'Anisotropy', 'Particle Size', 'Petrolatum', 'Surface Properties', 'Temperature']
| 26,177,777
|
[['D02.455.326.146'], ['G01.590.040', 'G02.050'], ['G02.712'], ['D02.455.699'], ['G02.860'], ['G01.906.595', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710', 'G16.500.750.775.710', 'N06.230.150.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Domain organization of the yeast histone chaperone FACT: the conserved N-terminal domain of FACT subunit Spt16 mediates recovery from replication stress.
|
The abundant nuclear complex termed FACT affects several DNA transactions in a chromatin context, including transcription, replication, and repair. Earlier studies of yeast FACT, which indicated the apparent dispensability of conserved sequences at the N terminus of the FACT subunit Cdc68/Spt16, prompted genetic and biochemical studies reported here that suggest the domain organization for Spt16 and the other FACT subunit Pob3, the yeast homolog of the metazoan SSRP1 protein. Our findings suggest that each FACT subunit is a multidomain protein, and that FACT integrity depends on Pob3 interactions with the Spt16 Mid domain. The conserved Spt16 N-terminal domain (NTD) is shown to be without essential function during normal growth, but becomes important under conditions of replication stress. Genetic interactions suggest that some functions carried out by the Spt16 NTD may be partially redundant within FACT.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Carrier Proteins', 'Cell Cycle Proteins', 'Conserved Sequence', 'DNA Replication', 'Histones', 'Molecular Chaperones', 'Mutation', 'Protein Structure, Tertiary', 'Protein Subunits', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins', 'Transcription Factors', 'Transcriptional Elongation Factors']
| 15,520,471
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['D12.776.157'], ['D12.776.167'], ['G02.111.570.580'], ['G02.111.225', 'G05.226'], ['D12.776.157.687.485', 'D12.776.660.720.485', 'D12.776.664.469'], ['D12.776.580'], ['G05.365.590'], ['G02.111.570.820.709.610'], ['D12.776.813'], ['B01.300.107.795.785.800', 'B01.300.930.705.655'], ['D12.776.354.750'], ['D12.776.930'], ['D12.776.930.955']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Officer friendly and the tough cop:gays and lesbians navigate homophobia and policing.
|
Despite attempts to expand social diversity, policing is still dominated by a white, masculine, heterosexual ethos. As a consequence, employment of lesbians and gay men as police officers may be especially threatening to members of this occupation. Within the context of potential hostility and homophobia, nontraditional officers must negotiate their contradictory presence on the police force. This paper investigates that negotiation. Using the Bem Sex Role Inventory and open-ended survey data from a sample of "out" and "closeted" gay and lesbian police officers, we ask how gays and lesbians manage their images as "good cops" in the face of gender norm violations associated with their sexual orientation. Our findings indicate that masculinity and femininity do not hold together in a cohesive, dichotomous manner for these officers. Instead, other characteristics that enhance policing are emphasized to support their occupational competence. These officers see themselves as "good cops." The gendered/sexualized character of their self-perceptions appears to matter less than the context of the job, more than for a comparison sample of heterosexual police officers. We conclude that although gay and lesbian officers see their sexuality as an occupational asset, they are also likely to work harder to prove themselves as crime fighters.
|
['Adult', 'Female', 'Homosexuality, Female', 'Homosexuality, Male', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Police', 'Prejudice', 'Stereotyping']
| 15,189,784
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['F01.145.802.975.500.400', 'G08.686.867.500.400'], ['F01.145.802.975.500.600', 'G08.686.867.500.600'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.526.373.750', 'M01.526.760'], ['F01.145.813.550', 'F01.829.595'], ['F01.100.920', 'F01.145.813.854']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
A dynamic intravascular artificial lung.
|
Intravascular lung assist devices (ILADs) must transfer sufficient amounts of oxygen and carbon dioxide to and from limited surface areas. It has become apparent that passive devices, i.e., those without an active means for enhancing transfer, cannot achieve sufficient transfer within the space available. High speed rotation or oscillation of fiber sheets can increase transfer rates up to 800% over the rates achieved by a stationary device, judiciously configured fiber sheets cause an additional benefit when rotated: reduced resistance to blood flow across the device. The authors have developed a series of device prototypes based on these principles of transfer augmentation and minimization of flow resistance. The prototypes are small enough to fit inside the vena cava, with transfer surface areas ranging from 0.1 m2 to 0.5 m2. Transfer rates of O2 up to 53 ml/min and CO2 up to 51 ml/min and fluxes of 208 ml (min/m2) for O2 and 310 ml (min/m2) for CO2 have been achieved.
|
['Artificial Organs', 'Biomedical Engineering', 'Carbon Dioxide', 'Evaluation Studies as Topic', 'Humans', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Lung', 'Oscillometry', 'Oxygen', 'Pressure', 'Pulmonary Gas Exchange', 'Rotation']
| 8,555,615
|
[['E07.858.082'], ['H02.070', 'J01.293.140'], ['D01.200.200', 'D01.362.150', 'D01.650.550.200'], ['E05.337', 'N05.715.360.335'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.481'], ['A04.411'], ['E05.654'], ['D01.268.185.550', 'D01.362.670'], ['G01.374.715'], ['E01.370.386.700.650', 'G03.143.775.602', 'G09.772.705.760.602'], ['G01.482.703']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Evaluation of the highest concentrations used in the in vitro chromosome aberrations assay.
|
There is controversy over the highest concentration to which an article should be tested in in vitro mammalian cell assays of genetic toxicity. Until recently, most guidelines specified the use of concentrations of up to 10 mM or 5,000 ìg/ml (whichever is lower) when not limited by the toxicity of the test article to the cells used for the test. Several recent publications have called for lowering those limits. We examined concentration/response curves for in vitro chromosome aberrations assays. Data was extracted from two published databases to evaluate the lowest dose at which a positive response was reported. Concentration/response curves were simulated using Monte Carlo procedures on log normal distributions of the data. These curves were then used to predict the loss in assay sensitivity that would be incurred by arbitrarily lowering the highest concentration to which the assay is conducted. The simulations suggest that lowering the current high concentration limit from 10 mM would dramatically impact the sensitivity of the assay. In contrast, lowering the high concentration limit using the ìg/ml scale, the most commonly applied scale in regulatory submissions, would not have a similar impact on assay sensitivity until the limit concentration was lowered to more than half of the current 5,000 ìg/ml limit. This analysis suggests that the current limits of 10 mM and 5,000 ìg/ml are not equivalent to one another and challenges the assumption that lowering the 10 mM limit will not decrease assay sensitivity.
|
['Animals', 'Carcinogens', 'Chromosome Aberrations', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Monte Carlo Method', 'Mutagenicity Tests', 'Rodentia', 'Sensitivity and Specificity']
| 23,076,808
|
[['B01.050'], ['D27.888.569.100'], ['C23.550.210', 'G05.365.590.175'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['E05.318.740.525', 'L01.906.394.422', 'N05.715.360.750.540', 'N06.850.520.830.525'], ['E05.393.560', 'E05.940.560'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Chemically diverse toxicants converge on Fyn and c-Cbl to disrupt precursor cell function.
|
Identification of common mechanistic principles that shed light on the action of the many chemically diverse toxicants to which we are exposed is of central importance in understanding how toxicants disrupt normal cellular function and in developing more effective means of protecting against such effects. Of particular importance is identifying mechanisms operative at environmentally relevant toxicant exposure levels. Chemically diverse toxicants exhibit striking convergence, at environmentally relevant exposure levels, on pathway-specific disruption of receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) signaling required for cell division in central nervous system (CNS) progenitor cells. Relatively small toxicant-induced increases in oxidative status are associated with Fyn kinase activation, leading to secondary activation of the c-Cbl ubiquitin ligase. Fyn/c-Cbl pathway activation by these pro-oxidative changes causes specific reductions, in vitro and in vivo, in levels of the c-Cbl target platelet-derived growth factor receptor-alpha and other c-Cbl targets, but not of the TrkC RTK (which is not a c-Cbl target). Sequential Fyn and c-Cbl activation, with consequent pathway-specific suppression of RTK signaling, is induced by levels of methylmercury and lead that affect large segments of the population, as well as by paraquat, an organic herbicide. Our results identify a novel regulatory pathway of oxidant-mediated Fyn/c-Cbl activation as a shared mechanism of action of chemically diverse toxicants at environmentally relevant levels, and as a means by which increased oxidative status may disrupt mitogenic signaling. These results provide one of a small number of general mechanistic principles in toxicology, and the only such principle integrating toxicology, precursor cell biology, redox biology, and signaling pathway analysis in a predictive framework of broad potential relevance to the understanding of pro-oxidant-mediated disruption of normal development.
|
['Acetylcysteine', 'Animals', 'Cell Division', 'Cell Nucleus', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Environmental Pollutants', 'Enzyme Activation', 'Female', 'Free Radical Scavengers', 'Lead', 'Methylmercury Compounds', 'Mice', 'Neuroglia', 'Oxidation-Reduction', 'Paraquat', 'Platelet-Derived Growth Factor', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-cbl', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fyn', 'Rats', 'Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases', 'Receptor, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor alpha', 'Signal Transduction', 'Stem Cells']
| 17,298,174
|
[['D02.886.030.230.259', 'D12.125.166.230.259'], ['B01.050'], ['G04.144.220', 'G04.161.750.500', 'G05.113', 'G07.345.249.410.750.500'], ['A11.284.430.106', 'A11.284.430.214.190.875.117'], ['A11.251'], ['D27.888.284'], ['G02.111.263', 'G03.328'], ['D27.505.519.217.500'], ['D01.268.556.435', 'D01.552.544.435'], ['D02.691.750.100.738'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['A08.637', 'A11.650'], ['G02.700', 'G03.295.531'], ['D03.383.725.762.621'], ['D12.644.276.910', 'D12.776.124.625', 'D12.776.467.910', 'D23.529.910'], ['D08.811.464.938.750.374', 'D12.776.624.664.700.172'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.800.551', 'D12.776.476.571', 'D12.776.624.664.700.180'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.400', 'D12.776.543.750.630'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.400.900.500', 'D12.776.543.750.630.625.300', 'D12.776.543.750.750.400.630.300'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['A11.872']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Mechanotransduction via TRPV4 regulates inflammation and differentiation in fetal mouse distal lung epithelial cells.
|
BACKGROUND: Mechanical ventilation plays a central role in the injury of premature lungs. However, the mechanisms by which mechanical signals trigger an inflammatory cascade to promote lung injury are not well-characterized. Transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4), a calcium-permeable mechanoreceptor channel has been shown to be a major determinant of ventilator-induced acute lung injury in adult models. However, the role of these channels as modulators of inflammation in immature lungs is unknown. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that TRPV4 channels are important mechanotransducers in fetal lung injury.METHODS: Expression of TRPV4 in the mouse fetal lung was investigated by immunohistochemistry, Western blot and qRT-PCR. Isolated fetal epithelial cells were exposed to mechanical stimulation using the Flexcell Strain Unit and inflammation and differentiation were analyzed by ELISA and SP-C mRNA, respectively.RESULTS: TRPV4 is developmentally regulated in the fetal mouse lung; it is expressed in the lung epithelium and increases with advanced gestation. In contrast, in isolated epithelial cells, TRPV4 expression is maximal at E17-E18 of gestation. Mechanical stretch increases TRPV4 in isolated fetal epithelial cells only during the canalicular stage of lung development. Using the TRPV4 agonist GSK1016790A, the antagonist HC-067047, and the cytokine IL-6 as a marker of inflammation, we observed that TRPV4 regulates release of IL-6 via p38 and ERK pathways. Interestingly, stretch-induced differentiation of fetal epithelial cells was also modulated by TRPV4.CONCLUSION: These studies demonstrate that TRPV4 may play an important role in the transduction of mechanical signals in the fetal lung epithelium by modulating not only inflammation but also the differentiation of fetal epithelial cells.
|
['Animals', 'Cell Differentiation', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Epithelial Cells', 'Female', 'Fetus', 'Inflammation', 'Mechanotransduction, Cellular', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Pregnancy', 'Respiratory Mucosa', 'TRPV Cation Channels']
| 26,006,045
|
[['B01.050'], ['G04.152'], ['A11.251'], ['A11.436'], ['A16.378'], ['C23.550.470'], ['G01.154.090.500', 'G02.111.820.580', 'G04.835.580'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['A04.760', 'A10.615.550.760'], ['D12.776.157.530.400.901.888']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Evaluation of industrial hearing conservation programs: a review and analysis.
|
In 1981, a large scale reviews of the literature concerning the effects of noise on hearing was initiated by the National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Diseases and Stroke. This review concentrated on the information published in the decade of the 1970's and underscored the importance of evaluating the effectiveness of industrial hearing conservation programs. Published information on this topic was scanty prior to 1970. Investigations of the application and utility of methods for this evaluation have only recently begun to appear in the literature. The status of evaluating hearing conservation programs is the subject of the present review. Three evaluation methods are considered in detail: use of various proposed criteria for significant threshold shift; methods used by Pell at DuPont; and more recent methods developed by Royster. The condition and availability of data do not permit selection of the optimum evaluation procedure. Systematic collection and analysis of data from industrial programs are necessary if acceptable standardized procedures for evaluation of hearing conservation programs are to be developed.
|
['Evaluation Studies as Topic', 'Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced', 'Humans', 'Maximum Allowable Concentration', 'Noise', 'Noise, Occupational', 'Occupational Health Services', 'United States', 'United States Occupational Safety and Health Administration']
| 6,464,993
|
[['E05.337', 'N05.715.360.335'], ['C09.218.458.341.887.460', 'C10.597.751.418.341.887.460', 'C23.888.592.763.393.341.887.460'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N06.850.460.350.210', 'N06.850.460.350.600.615'], ['G01.750.770.776.567', 'G16.500.275.600', 'N06.230.400', 'N06.850.460.610'], ['N06.230.400.500', 'N06.850.460.610.526'], ['N02.421.143.740'], ['Z01.107.567.875'], ['I01.409.418.750.992', 'N03.540.348.500.500.992']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Improving the quality of electron tomography image volumes using pre-reconstruction filtering.
|
Electron tomography produces highly magnified 3D image volumes useful for investigating the structure and function of cellular components. Image quality is degraded by multiple scattering events and quantum noise, which depend on the angle at which individual tilt projections are collected. We have adapted a biomedical imaging approach to improve image quality by enhancing individual tilt projections prior to volumetric reconstruction. Specifically, we have developed a family of non-linear anisotropic diffusion (NAD) filters parameterized by the tilt angle. We give a quantitative and qualitative evaluation of our pre-processing approach and the NAD filter. We show an improvement in the reconstructed volumes for tomograms generated from both plastic-embedded and cryo-stabilized samples of malaria parasite-infected erythrocytes.
|
['Algorithms', 'Anisotropy', 'Electron Microscope Tomography', 'Erythrocytes', 'Humans', 'Imaging, Three-Dimensional', 'Plasmodium berghei', 'Plasmodium falciparum', 'Quality Improvement', 'Signal-To-Noise Ratio', 'Sporozoites']
| 22,683,346
|
[['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['G01.590.040', 'G02.050'], ['E01.370.350.825.249', 'E05.595.402.580.239'], ['A11.118.290', 'A11.443.240', 'A15.145.229.334'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.400', 'L01.224.308.410'], ['B01.043.075.380.611.461'], ['B01.043.075.380.611.561'], ['J01.293.754', 'N04.761.744'], ['E05.318.370.800.875', 'E05.318.740.872.875', 'G17.800.500', 'N05.715.360.325.700.840', 'N05.715.360.750.725.750', 'N06.850.520.445.800.875', 'N06.850.520.830.872.750'], ['A11.870.740.600.800', 'B05.500.675.800', 'B05.775.740.600.800', 'G07.345.500.550.500.675.800']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Bimolecular complementation defines functional regions of Herpes simplex virus gB that are involved with gH/gL as a necessary step leading to cell fusion.
|
Herpes simplex virus (HSV) entry into cells requires four membrane glycoproteins: gD is the receptor binding protein, and gB and gH/gL constitute the core fusion machinery. Crystal structures of gD and its receptors have provided a basis for understanding the initial triggering steps, but how the core fusion proteins function remains unknown. The gB crystal structure shows that it is a class III fusion protein, yet unlike other class members, gB itself does not cause fusion. Bimolecular complementation (BiMC) studies have shown that gD-receptor binding triggers an interaction between gB and gH/gL and concurrently triggers fusion. Left unanswered was whether BiMC led to fusion or was a by-product of it. We used gB monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to block different aspects of these events. Non-virus-neutralizing MAbs to gB failed to block BiMC or fusion. In contrast, gB MAbs that neutralize virus blocked fusion. These MAbs map to three functional regions (FR) of gB. MAbs to FR1, which contains the fusion loops, and FR2 blocked both BiMC and fusion. In contrast, MAbs to FR3, a region involved in receptor binding, blocked fusion but not BiMC. Thus, FR3 MAbs separate the BiMC interaction from fusion, suggesting that BiMC occurs prior to fusion. When substituted for wild-type (wt) gB, fusion loop mutants blocked fusion and BiMC, suggesting that loop insertion precedes BiMC. Thus, we postulate that each of the gB FRs are involved in different aspects of the path leading to fusion. Upon triggering by gD, gB fusion loops are inserted into target lipid membranes. gB then interacts with gH/gL, and this interaction is eventually followed by fusion.
|
['Animals', 'Binding Sites', 'Cell Line', 'Chlorocebus aethiops', 'Cricetinae', 'Mice', 'Models, Molecular', 'Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs', 'Protein Structure, Tertiary', 'Simplexvirus', 'Viral Envelope Proteins', 'Virus Internalization']
| 20,130,048
|
[['B01.050'], ['G02.111.570.120'], ['A11.251.210'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.199.120.126.110'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.075.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['E05.599.595'], ['G02.111.570.820.709.275.750.500'], ['G02.111.570.820.709.610'], ['B04.280.382.100.750'], ['D09.400.430.968', 'D12.776.395.550.993', 'D12.776.543.550.993', 'D12.776.964.970.880'], ['G06.920.881']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Cooperation of the tumour suppressors IRF-1 and p53 in response to DNA damage.
|
Normally growing cells promptly cease DNA synthesis when exposed to genotoxic stresses, such as radiation, and this cell-cycle arrest prevents the accumulation of mutations. The transcription factor interferon regulatory factor (IRF)-1 is essential for the regulation of the interferon system, inhibits cell growth, and manifests tumour-suppressor activities. Here we show that mouse embryonic fibroblasts (EFs) lacking IRF-1 are deficient in their ability to undergo DNA-damage-induced cell-cycle arrest. A similar phenotype has been observed in EFs lacking the tumour suppressor p53 (refs 8, 9), although the expression of IRF-1 and p53 are independent of one another. Furthermore, we show that transcriptional induction of the gene encoding p21 (WAF1, CIP1), a cell-cycle inhibitor, by gamma-irradiation is dependent on both p53 and IRF-1, and that the p21 promoter is activated, either directly or indirectly, by both in a transient cotransfection assay. These two tumour-suppressor transcription factors therefore converge functionally to regulate the cell cycle through the activation of a common target gene.
|
['Animals', 'Cell Cycle', 'Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21', 'Cyclin-Dependent Kinases', 'Cyclins', 'DNA Damage', 'DNA-Binding Proteins', 'Gamma Rays', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Interferon Regulatory Factor-1', 'Mice', 'Mutation', 'Phosphoproteins', 'Promoter Regions, Genetic', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Transcription Factors', 'Tumor Suppressor Protein p53']
| 8,752,276
|
[['B01.050'], ['G04.144'], ['D12.644.360.225.500', 'D12.776.157.687.250', 'D12.776.167.187.500', 'D12.776.476.225.500', 'D12.776.624.776.355.500', 'D12.776.660.720.250'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.646.500', 'D12.644.360.250', 'D12.776.167.200', 'D12.776.476.250'], ['D12.644.360.262', 'D12.776.167.218', 'D12.776.476.262'], ['G05.200'], ['D12.776.260'], ['G01.358.500.505.300', 'G01.750.250.300', 'G01.750.750.400'], ['G05.308'], ['D12.644.360.024.302.124', 'D12.776.157.057.050.124', 'D12.776.260.108.374', 'D12.776.260.504.124', 'D12.776.476.024.385.124', 'D12.776.930.127.374', 'D12.776.930.332.124'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['G05.365.590'], ['D12.776.744'], ['G02.111.570.080.689.675', 'G05.360.080.689.675', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.750.680'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['D12.776.930'], ['D12.776.157.687.650', 'D12.776.260.820', 'D12.776.624.776.775', 'D12.776.660.720.650', 'D12.776.744.845']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Structure activity relationship of phosphoramidon derivatives for in vivo endothelin-converting-enzyme inhibition.
|
The structure activity relationship of phosphoramidon analogues was studied for their ability to reduce the hypertensive effect of exogenous proET-1, probably via inhibition of an endothelin converting enzyme activity (ECE). Results concerning in vivo ECE and in vitro thermolysin inhibitions were compared. In contrast to the phosphoryl group of phosphoramidon, which was found to be an absolute requirement, the rhamnose moiety was of very little importance for the inhibition of either enzyme. Furthermore, the tryptophan residue of phosphoramidon appeared to be particularly important for the ECE inhibition, whereas thermolysin inhibition seemed to depend greatly on the leucine residue. It is concluded that in vivo ECE and thermolysin differ in the way they recognise phosphoramidon. The existence of an hydrophobic pocket, specific for the recognition of the tryptophan residue of phosphoramidon, could be proposed for ECE.
|
['Animals', 'Aspartic Acid Endopeptidases', 'Blood Pressure', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Endothelin-1', 'Endothelin-Converting Enzymes', 'Endothelins', 'Glycopeptides', 'Male', 'Metalloendopeptidases', 'Neprilysin', 'Protein Precursors', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Structure-Activity Relationship', 'Thermolysin']
| 8,020,872
|
[['B01.050'], ['D08.811.277.656.074.500', 'D08.811.277.656.300.048'], ['E01.370.600.875.249', 'G09.330.380.076'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['D12.644.276.400.225', 'D12.776.467.400.225', 'D23.529.400.225'], ['D08.811.277.656.074.500.270', 'D08.811.277.656.300.048.270', 'D08.811.277.656.300.480.229', 'D08.811.277.656.675.374.229'], ['D12.644.276.400', 'D12.776.467.400', 'D23.529.400'], ['D09.400.420', 'D12.644.233'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.480', 'D08.811.277.656.675.374'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.480.600', 'D08.811.277.656.675.374.600', 'D23.050.285.550', 'D23.101.140.500'], ['D12.776.811'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['G02.111.830', 'G07.690.773.997'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.480.827', 'D08.811.277.656.675.374.827']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Reactions of type II restriction endonucleases with 8-base pair recognition sites.
|
Type II restriction endonucleases usually recognize 4-6-base pair (bp) sites on DNA and cleave each site in a separate reaction. A few type II endonucleases have 8-bp recognition sites, but these seem unsuited for restriction, since their sites are rare on most DNA. Moreover, only one endonuclease that recognizes a target containing 8 bp has been examined to date, and this enzyme, SfiI, needs two copies of this site for its DNA cleavage reaction. In this study, several endonucleases with 8-bp sites were tested on plasmids that have either one or two copies of the relevant sequence to determine if they also need two sites. SgfI, SrfI, FseI, PacI, PmeI, Sse8781I, and SdaI all acted through equal and independent reactions at each site. AscI cleaved the DNA with one site at the same rate as that with two sites but acted processively on the latter. In contrast, SgrAI showed a marked preference for the plasmid with two sites and cleaved both sites on this DNA in a concerted manner, like SfiI. Endonucleases that require two copies of an 8-bp sequence may be widespread in nature, where, despite this seemingly inappropriate requirement, they may function in DNA restriction.
|
['Base Pairing', 'Binding Sites', 'DNA', 'Deoxyribonucleases, Type II Site-Specific', 'Plasmids', 'Sequence Analysis', 'Substrate Specificity']
| 10,593,932
|
[['G02.111.570.820.486.100', 'G02.111.611.500', 'G05.360.580.100'], ['G02.111.570.120'], ['D13.444.308'], ['D08.811.150.280.260', 'D08.811.277.352.335.350.300.260', 'D08.811.277.352.355.325.300.260'], ['G05.360.600'], ['E05.393.760'], ['G02.111.835']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Vaspar broth-disk procedure for antibiotic susceptibility testing of anaerobic bacteria.
|
A modification of the Wilkins-Thiel broth-disk procedure for antibiotic susceptibility testing of anaerobic bacteria is described. This method utilizes an aerobically prepared medium overlaid with molten vaspar. Specialized anaerobic techniques or prereduced media are not required.
|
['Anaerobiosis', 'Bacteria', 'Culture Media', 'Microbial Sensitivity Tests', 'Oxygen']
| 7,387,149
|
[['G02.111.062', 'G03.078'], ['B03'], ['D27.720.470.305', 'E07.206'], ['E01.370.225.875.595', 'E05.200.875.595', 'E05.337.550.400'], ['D01.268.185.550', 'D01.362.670']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Vasopressin-induced contraction in the rat basilar artery in vitro.
|
Vasopressin ([Arg(8)]vasopressin)-induced contraction was characterized using receptor agonists and antagonists for vasopressin and channel blockers in the rat basilar artery ring preparations. Vasopressin induced rhythmic contractions superimposed on a contraction in endothelium-intact preparations but not in denuded ones. Endothelium removal shifted the concentration-response curve for vasopressin leftward and upward. In endothelium-denuded preparations, vasopressin V(1) receptor antagonist shifted the concentration-response curve for vasopressin downward and rightward. Vasopressin V(1) receptor agonist caused contraction but V(2) receptor agonist did not. The contractile response to vasopressin was partly inhibited by nifedipine, SK&F 96365 (1-[beta-[3-(4-methoxyphenyl)propoxy]-4-methoxyphenethyl]-1H-imidazole) and niflumic acid. In the absence of extracellular Ca(2+), vasopressin produced a transient contraction. Charybdotoxin produced an upward and leftward shift of the concentration-response curve for vasopressin. These results suggest that vasopressin elicits contraction due to Ca(2+) influx through voltage-dependent and receptor-operated Ca(2+) channels and to Ca(2+) release from Ca(2+) stores by activating vasopressin V(1) receptors in the rat basilar artery.
|
['Animals', 'Antidiuretic Hormone Receptor Antagonists', 'Apamin', 'Basilar Artery', 'Calcium', 'Charybdotoxin', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Endothelium, Vascular', 'Imidazoles', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Male', 'Potassium Chloride', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Receptors, Vasopressin', 'Vasoconstriction', 'Vasodilation', 'Vasopressins']
| 11,282,120
|
[['B01.050'], ['D27.505.519.174', 'D27.505.696.560.311'], ['D20.888.065.115.060', 'D23.946.833.065.115.060'], ['A07.015.114.106'], ['D01.268.552.100', 'D01.552.539.288', 'D23.119.100'], ['D12.644.115', 'D20.888.065.830.150', 'D23.946.833.065.830.150'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['A07.015.700.500', 'A10.272.491.355'], ['D03.383.129.308'], ['E05.481'], ['D01.210.450.150.750', 'D01.745.625'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.910', 'D12.776.543.750.720.600.925', 'D12.776.543.750.750.555.925', 'D12.776.543.750.750.660.900'], ['G09.330.380.925'], ['G09.330.380.928'], ['D06.472.699.631.692.781', 'D12.644.400.900', 'D12.644.456.925', 'D12.644.548.691.692.781', 'D12.776.631.650.937']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Assessment of primers designed for the subspecies-specific discrimination among Babesia canis canis, Babesia canis vogeli and Babesia canis rossi by PCR assay.
|
Canine babesiosis is an infectious disease caused by either Babesia gibsoni or Babesia canis protozoans. The latter is also classified under three different phylogenetic groups, referred to as subspecies B. canis canis, B. canis vogeli and B. canis rossi. The objective of the present study was to validate and standardize a PCR assay to discriminate the organisms at the subspecies level. First, the reference sequences of the 18S rRNA, 5.8S rRNA and 28S rRNA genes, including the internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) and 2 (ITS2) of the most common species and subspecies of the genus Babesia were retrieved from the GenBank database. Subspecies-specific primers (BAB3, BAB4 and BAB5) and one genus-specific primer were designed from the alignment of the sequences. The PCR assays were evaluated in three different combinations of primer pairs in order to assure complete specificity for each reaction. The results of the tests had demonstrated effectiveness of the novel primer pairs BAB1/BAB3, BAB1/BAB4 and BAB1/BAB5 for the amplification of the subspecies-specific target fragments of 746 bp (B. c. canis), 546 bp (B. c. vogeli) and 342 bp (B. c. rossi) by PCR. The original enzymatic amplification assays with novel primers reported in this paper were confirmed to be a reliable tool for the specific discrimination among B. canis subspecies by single-step PCR assays.
|
['Animals', 'Babesia', 'Babesiosis', 'Base Sequence', 'DNA Primers', 'DNA, Protozoan', 'DNA, Ribosomal Spacer', 'Dog Diseases', 'Dogs', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Molecular Weight', 'Phylogeny', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'RNA, Ribosomal', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Sequence Alignment', 'Species Specificity']
| 18,242,863
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.043.075.600.580.070'], ['C01.610.701.688.122', 'C01.610.752.075', 'C01.610.752.625.122', 'C01.920.930.182', 'C22.674.710.122'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['D13.695.578.424.450.275', 'D27.720.470.530.600.223.600'], ['D13.444.308.442'], ['D13.444.308.324.230', 'D13.444.308.475.230'], ['C22.268'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.250.216.200'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G02.494'], ['G05.697', 'G16.075.605', 'L01.100.697'], ['E05.393.620.500'], ['D13.444.735.686'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['E05.393.751'], ['G16.824']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Nasal absorption of zidovudine and its transport to cerebrospinal fluid in rats.
|
The nasal absorption of zidovudine (AZT) and its subsequent transport to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was examined in rats. Both rapid absorption and a high CSF concentration were observed after the nasal application. Plasma and CSF concentrations of AZT increased when probenecid was coadministered with AZT. Thus, this nasal coadministration of AZT and probenecid could be useful for the treatment of AIDS patients with neuropathies.
|
['Administration, Intranasal', 'Animals', 'Male', 'Nasal Mucosa', 'Probenecid', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Zidovudine']
| 7,820,125
|
[['E02.319.267.120.655.500'], ['B01.050'], ['A04.531.520', 'A04.760.600', 'A10.615.550.760.600'], ['D02.065.884.625', 'D02.886.590.700.625'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900'], ['D03.383.742.680.705.950', 'D13.570.230.500.950', 'D13.570.230.855.950', 'D13.570.685.705.950']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Molecular characterization of human gastric mucosa by HR-MAS magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
|
The present study was aimed at identifying the molecular profile characteristic of the healthy human gastric mucosa. Ex vivo HR-MAS magnetic resonance spectroscopy performed at 9.4 Tesla (400.13 MHz for (1)H) on gastric specimens collected during endoscopy, permits the identification of more than forty species giving a detailed picture of the biochemical pattern of the gastric tissues. These preliminary data will be used for a comparison with gastric preneoplastic and neoplastic situations. Moreover, the full knowledge of the biochemical pattern of the healthy gastric tissues is the necessary presupposition for the application of magnetic resonance spectroscopy directly in vivo.
|
['Biopsy', 'Gastric Mucosa', 'Humans', 'Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy']
| 15,547,675
|
[['E01.370.225.500.384.100', 'E01.370.225.998.054', 'E01.370.388.100', 'E04.074', 'E05.200.500.384.100', 'E05.200.998.054', 'E05.242.384.100'], ['A03.556.875.875.440', 'A10.615.550.291'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.196.867.519']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Frequency of methicilin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains in clinical spacimens obtained from hospitalized patients in 2007].
|
INTRODUCTION: Staphylococcus aureus is a major cause of both hospital- and community-acquired infections worldwide. Since the introduction of methicillin into clinical use, methicillin-resistant S. aureus strains have emerged with increasing frequency throughout the world. The aim of the study was to determine frequency of resistance to methicillin and other most commonly used antibiotics of S aureus strains isolated from hospitalized patients.MATERIAL AND METHODS: During the period 1.1.-31. 12. 2007, 226 strains of S. aureus isolated from hospitalized patients were tested for their susceptibility to penicillin, methicillin, erythromycin, clindamycin, gentamycin, sulfamethoxazolle-trimethoprim, fusidic acid and vancomycin using disc diffusion technique.RESULTS: Resistance to methicillin was detected in 20 (7.5%) S. aureus strains. All of them were susceptible to vancomycin. The resistance to other antimicrobial agents varied from 5% for sulfamethoxazolle-trimethoprim to 75% to gentamycin. Among methicillin susceptible strains, high resistance (84.1%) was found to penicillin only The resistance to other antimicrobial agents was low, ranging from 0 for fusidic acid and vancomycin to 12.2% for gentamycin.CONCLUSION: Our results show low rate of methicillin-resistant S. aureus strains compared to other authors "findings, but also the presence of multidrug-resistant isolates and isolates susceptible to vancomycin only These facts suggest the need for further monitoring of susceptibility in order to take adequate measures to prevent and control spreading of resistant strains.
|
['Drug Resistance, Bacterial', 'Humans', 'Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus', 'Microbial Sensitivity Tests', 'Staphylococcal Infections']
| 19,256,065
|
[['G06.099.225', 'G06.225.347', 'G07.690.773.984.269.347'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['B03.300.390.400.800.750.100.500', 'B03.353.500.750.750.100.500', 'B03.510.100.750.750.100.500', 'B03.510.400.790.750.100.500'], ['E01.370.225.875.595', 'E05.200.875.595', 'E05.337.550.400'], ['C01.150.252.410.868']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Smoking reduction intervention in a large population-based study. The Inter99 study.
|
BACKGROUND: Smoking reduction has been introduced as an alternative to smokers unable or unwilling to quit but has never been implemented in a population-based intervention.METHODS: Two thousand four hundred eight daily smokers in all motivational stages were included in a randomised population-based intervention study, in Copenhagen, Denmark. Smokers, unwilling or unable to quit, were encouraged to reduce their tobacco consumption. Furthermore, smokers in the high-intensity intervention were offered participation in smoking reduction groups.RESULTS: Twenty-three percent of those who attended both baseline and 1 year visit reported reduction by at least 5 g and 8% reported a halving or more. Halving of tobacco consumption was achieved significantly more often than in the background population, OR = 2.6 (1.6-4.4), even when assuming that non-participants had not reduced, OR = 1.7 (1.0-2.8). Reduction of at least 5 g doubled the probability of increased motivation to quit and a halving increased it more than four times. The reductions were not validated. Less than 2% attended the smoking reduction groups.CONCLUSION: The smoking reduction intervention was significant in self-reported reduction of tobacco consumption and subsequently increased motivation to quit. This may open new perspectives, with reduction as a first step towards cessation, a possible supplement to smoking cessation strategies.
|
['Adult', 'Attitude to Health', 'Denmark', 'Humans', 'Life Style', 'Middle Aged', 'Motivation', 'Smoking', 'Smoking Cessation', 'Smoking Prevention']
| 15,530,588
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['F01.100.150', 'N05.300.150'], ['Z01.542.816.124'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.829.458'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['F01.658', 'F01.752.543.500.750'], ['F01.145.805'], ['F01.145.488.732'], ['I02.233.332.812', 'N02.421.726.407.840']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Impact of infrared treatment on quality and fungal decontamination of mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) inoculated with Aspergillus spp.
|
BACKGROUND: Mung bean is a rich source of protein, carbohydrates and fiber content. It also exhibits a high level of antioxidant activity due to the presence of phenolic compounds. Aspergillus flavus and A. niger are the two major fungal strains associated with stored mung bean that lead to post-harvest losses of grains and also cause serious health risks to human beings. Thus there is a need to explore an economical decontamination method that can be used without affecting the biochemical parameters of grains.RESULTS: It was observed that infrared (IR) treatment of mung bean surface up to 70 °C for 5 min at an intensity of 0.299 kW m-2 led to complete visible inhibition of fungal growth. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that surface irregularities and physical disruption of spores coat are the major reasons behind the inactivation of IR-treated fungal spores. It was also reported that IR treatment up to 70 °C for 5 min does not cause any negative impact on the biochemical and physical properties of mung bean.CONCLUSION: From the results of the present study, it was concluded that IR treatment at 70 °C for 5 min using an IR source having an intensity of 0.299 kW m-2 can be successfully used as a method of fungal decontamination. The fungal spore population was reduced (approximately 5.3 log10 CFU g-1 reductions) without significantly altering the biochemical and physical properties of grains. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
|
['Aspergillus flavus', 'Aspergillus niger', 'Food Contamination', 'Food Irradiation', 'Infrared Rays', 'Plant Diseases', 'Seeds', 'Spores, Fungal', 'Vigna']
| 29,119,563
|
[['B01.300.381.081.170'], ['B01.300.381.081.450'], ['J01.576.423.850.730.500.249', 'N06.850.460.400', 'N06.850.601.500.249'], ['J01.576.423.850.700.700.500'], ['G01.358.500.505.650.552', 'G01.590.540.552', 'G01.750.250.650.552', 'G01.750.770.578.552', 'G16.500.275.063.725.525.400', 'G16.500.750.775.525.400', 'N06.230.300.100.725.525.400'], ['G15.610'], ['A18.024.500.750', 'G07.203.300.775', 'J02.500.775'], ['A11.870.710', 'A19.374.500', 'B05.775.710'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.401.976']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Outcome, functional recovery and unmet needs following acute stroke. Experience of patient follow up at 6 to 9 months in a newly established stroke service.
|
OBJECTIVE: To assess outcome at six months post stroke and the unmet needs and adherence to the secondary prevention advice among survivors living at home.SETTING: Stroke Rehabilitation Unit (SRU), Hairmyres Hospital and patients homes.SUBJECTS: Survivors living at home who had been managed in the SRU.RESULTS: Of 572 consecutive patients with confirmed acute stroke, 301 were managed in the SRU and 179 of these were reviewed at home between 6 and 9 months post acute stroke incident. One hundred and thirty seven (76%) survivors at home were living with a carer. Sixty-eight (38%) had had no personal contact with their General Practitioner since discharge from hospital, although 83 (46%) had attended or were attending day hospital. Thirty-two individuals (18%) had resumed smoking. One hundred and forty nine survivors (83%) still required assistance with daily living tasks. One hundred and fifteen patients (64%) required medication advice. One hundred and forty one (79%) had health concerns. Eight subjects had returned to paid employment. Issues raised by survivors included a feeling of being abandoned by the healthcare system, poor access to professional psychological support and a fear of further stroke.CONCLUSION: There is a need for continuing patient education, improved support for stroke survivors and more active involvement of Primary Care Services in the care of stroke patients following hospital discharge.
|
['Activities of Daily Living', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Female', 'Hospital Units', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Outcome Assessment, Health Care', 'Patient Education as Topic', 'Recovery of Function', 'Rehabilitation Centers', 'Stroke Rehabilitation']
| 12,616,970
|
[['E02.760.169.063.500.067', 'E02.831.067', 'I03.050', 'N02.421.784.110'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['N02.278.388'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['H01.770.644.145.431', 'N04.761.559.590', 'N05.715.360.575.575'], ['I02.233.332.500', 'N02.421.726.407.680'], ['G16.757'], ['N02.278.808'], ['E02.760.169.063.500.477.500', 'E02.831.477.500', 'H02.403.680.600.750.500', 'N02.421.784.511.500']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Angiopoietin-1-expressing adipose stem cells genetically modified with baculovirus nanocomplex: investigation in rat heart with acute infarction.
|
The objective of this study was to develop angiopoietin-1 (Ang1)-expressing genetically modified human adipose tissue derived stem cells (hASCs) for myocardial therapy. For this, an efficient gene delivery system using recombinant baculovirus complexed with cell penetrating transactivating transcriptional activator TAT peptide/deoxyribonucleic acid nanoparticles (Bac-NP), through ionic interactions, was used. It was hypothesized that the hybrid Bac- NP(Ang1) system can efficiently transduce hASCs and induces favorable therapeutic effects when transplanted in vivo. To evaluate this hypothesis, a rat model with acute myocardial infarction and intramyocardially transplanted Ang1-expressing hASCs (hASC-Ang1), genetically modified by Bac-NP(Ang1), was used. Ang1 is a crucial pro-angiogenic factor for vascular maturation and neovasculogenesis. The released hAng1 from hASC-Ang1 demonstrated profound mitotic and anti-apoptotic activities on endothelial cells and cardiomyocytes. The transplanted hASC-Ang1 group showed higher cell retention compared to hASC and control groups. A significant increase in capillary density and reduction in infarct sizes were noted in the infarcted hearts with hASC-Ang1 treatment compared to infarcted hearts treated with hASC or the untreated group. Furthermore, the hASC-Ang1 group showed significantly higher cardiac performance in echocardiography (ejection fraction 46.28% ± 6.3%, P < 0.001 versus control, n = 8) than the hASC group (36.35% ± 5.7%, P < 0.01, n = 8), 28 days post-infarction. The study identified Bac-NP complex as an advanced gene delivery vehicle for stem cells and demonstrated its potential to treat ischemic heart disease with high therapeutic index for combined stem cell-gene therapy strategy.
|
['Adipocytes', 'Angiopoietin-1', 'Animals', 'Baculoviridae', 'Cell Growth Processes', 'Cell Survival', 'Genetic Therapy', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Myocardial Infarction', 'Nanoparticles', 'Rats', 'Stem Cell Transplantation', 'Stem Cells', 'Stroke Volume', 'Tissue Engineering', 'Transgenes', 'Wound Healing']
| 22,334,788
|
[['A11.329.114'], ['D12.644.276.100.100.100', 'D12.776.467.100.100.100', 'D23.529.100.100.100'], ['B01.050'], ['B04.280.065', 'B04.525.100'], ['G04.161', 'G07.345.249.410'], ['G04.346'], ['E02.095.301', 'E05.393.420.301'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C14.280.647.500', 'C14.907.585.500', 'C23.550.513.355.750', 'C23.550.717.489.750'], ['J01.637.512.600'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['E02.095.147.500.500', 'E04.936.225.687'], ['A11.872'], ['E01.370.370.380.150.700', 'G09.330.380.124.882'], ['E05.481.500.311.500', 'J01.293.069.249.500'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.825'], ['G16.762.891']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Familial megacecum and colon in the rat: a new model of gastrointestinal neuromuscular dysfunction.
|
Gastrointestinal motility disorders are of considerable clinical importance in humans and animals. Abnormalities of smooth muscle and the enteric nervous system have been described. We have identified and characterized a new mutant stock of rats that develops severe megacecum and colon with pseudo-obstruction, Familial Megacecum and Colon (FMC). The inheritance pattern of FMC was characterized by selective breeding. Gastrointestinal motility was evaluated radiographically. Complete pathologic evaluations, including ultrastructural examination and staining of colonic segments for acetylcholinesterase, peripherin, vasoactive intestinal peptide, substance P, nitric oxide synthase, and somatostatin, were performed. Spontaneous contractility and contractile force in isolated colonic muscle strips were examined. Familial megacecum and colon is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait. The markedly dilated cecum and proximal portion of the colon are followed by a short, funnel-shaped segment and distal portion of the colon with normal or slightly reduced lumen. Although clinical features and gross anatomic changes of the colon resemble those of Hirschsprung's disease in humans and animals, aganglionosis is not a feature of FMC. An increase in somatostatin staining was observed in dilated regions of bowel. The spontaneous contractile frequency and contractile force were diminished in the affected colon. Familial megacecum and colon is a new mutant, distinct from previously described hereditary and targeted mutant rodent models that develop megacecum and colon as a result of distal colonic dysfunction. The functional or morphologic defect(s) that result in colonic dysfunction in rats with FMC was not determined. The disease may result from an absence or overexpression of a single or group of neurotransmitters or their respective neurons, receptor abnormalities, or defects in the intestinal pacemaker system.
|
['Animals', 'Biomarkers', 'Breeding', 'Cecum', 'Colon', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Female', 'Gastrointestinal Transit', 'Hirschsprung Disease', 'Immunoenzyme Techniques', 'Male', 'Muscle Contraction', 'Muscle, Smooth', 'Myenteric Plexus', 'Pedigree', 'Radiography', 'Rats', 'Rats, Mutant Strains', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Somatostatin']
| 10,090,023
|
[['B01.050'], ['D23.101'], ['E05.820.150', 'G05.090'], ['A03.556.124.526.209', 'A03.556.249.249.209'], ['A03.556.124.526.356', 'A03.556.249.249.356'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['E01.370.372.310', 'G10.261.360.525'], ['C06.198.439', 'C06.405.469.158.701.439', 'C16.131.314.439'], ['E05.478.566.350', 'E05.478.583.400', 'E05.601.470.350'], ['G11.427.494'], ['A02.633.570', 'A10.690.467'], ['A08.800.050.050.500', 'A08.800.050.150.500', 'A08.800.800.060.500'], ['E05.393.673'], ['E01.370.350.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.550'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['D06.472.699.327.700.875', 'D06.472.699.587.780', 'D12.644.400.400.700.875', 'D12.644.548.365.700.875', 'D12.644.548.586.780', 'D12.776.631.650.405.700.875']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Uni- and triaxial accelerometric signals agree during daily routine, but show differences between sports.
|
Accelerometers objectively monitor physical activity, and ongoing research suggests they can also detect patterns of body movement. However, different types of signal (uniaxial, captured by older studies, vs. the newer triaxial) and or/device (validated Actigraph used by older studies, vs. others) may lead to incomparability of results from different time periods. Standardization is desirable. We establish whether uniaxial signals adequately monitor routine activity, and whether triaxial accelerometry can detect sport-specific variations in movement pattern. 1402 adolescents wore triaxial Actigraphs (GT3X) for one week and diaried sport. Uni- and triaxial counts per minute were compared across the week and between over 30 different sports. Across the whole recording period 95% of variance in triaxial counts was explained by the vertical axis (5th percentile for R2, 91%). Sport made up a small fraction of daily routine, but differences were visible: even when total acceleration was comparable, little was vertical in horizontal movements, such as ice skating (uniaxial counts 41% of triaxial) compared to complex movements (taekwondo, 55%) or ambulation (soccer, 69%). Triaxial accelerometry captured differences in movement pattern between sports, but so little time was spent in sport that, across the whole day, uni- and triaxial signals correlated closely. This indicates that, with certain limitations, uniaxial accelerometric measures of routine activity from older studies can be feasibly compared to triaxial measures from newer studies. Comparison of new studies based on raw accelerations to older studies based on proprietary devices and measures (epochs, counts) will require additional efforts which are not addressed in this paper.
|
['Accelerometry', 'Adolescent', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Sports']
| 30,305,651
|
[['E05.003'], ['M01.060.057'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['I03.450.642.845']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Current incidence and residual risk of HIV, HBV and HCV at Canadian Blood Services.
|
Estimates of the viral residual risk should be updated to reflect current incidence of infection in blood donors. Incidence rates were estimated for allogeneic whole-blood donations made to Canadian Blood Services from 2006 to 2009 based on transmissible disease conversions of repeat donations within a 3-year period. Residual risk was estimated as the incidence multiplied by the window period. The residual risk of HIV was 1 per 8 million donations, HCV 1 per 6·7 million donations and HBV 1 per 1·7 million donations. The residual risk remains low and has decreased for HCV since our previous estimates due to reduced incidence.
|
['Blood Donors', 'Blood Transfusion', 'Canada', 'HIV Infections', 'HIV-1', 'HIV-2', 'Hepacivirus', 'Hepatitis B', 'Hepatitis B virus', 'Hepatitis C', 'Humans', 'Incidence', 'Risk Factors', 'Transfusion Reaction']
| 22,289,147
|
[['M01.898.313'], ['E02.095.135'], ['Z01.107.567.176'], ['C01.221.250.875', 'C01.221.812.640.400', 'C01.778.640.400', 'C01.925.782.815.616.400', 'C01.925.813.400', 'C20.673.480'], ['B04.820.650.589.650.350.400'], ['B04.820.650.589.650.350.410'], ['B04.450.380', 'B04.820.578.344.475'], ['C01.221.250.500', 'C01.925.256.430.400', 'C01.925.440.435', 'C06.552.380.705.437'], ['B04.280.375.650.425', 'B04.450.390.650.425'], ['C01.221.250.750', 'C01.925.440.440', 'C01.925.782.350.350', 'C06.552.380.705.440'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.375', 'N01.224.935.597.500', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.375', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.375'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['C15.378.962', 'C20.920']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Optimal dietary alcoholic extract of lotus leaf improved growth performance and health status of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus).
|
Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) is one of the most important aquaculture fish in China. This study tried to explore the effects of dietary alcoholic extract of lotus leaf (AELL) addition on the growth performance and health status of grass carp by feeding juvenile fish (average weight: 34 ± 1 g) with four different experimental diets: control, AELL7, AELL14 and AELL21 for 8 weeks. At the end of the growth trial, the highest values of final body weight (FBW), weight gain rate (WGR), specific growth rate (SGR) and feed intake (FI) all occurred in group AELL14 (P < 0.05). Compared to control, the crude lipid content of whole-body and the serum malondialdehyde (MDA) in the three experimental groups decreased, while the serum superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH) and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) values almost all increased in the three experimental groups. The highest serum immunoglobulin M (IgM) concentration occurred in AELL14 group (P < 0.05). In AELL14 and AELL21 groups, both the serum complement 3 (C3) concentration and lysozyme (LYS) activity were significantly higher, whereas the final cumulative mortality in challenge test was significantly lower, when compared to those in control group (P < 0.05). The AELL exerted dose-dependent beneficial effects on grass carp health through up-regulating related gene expressions and enzyme activity. In conclusion, the optimal dietary AELL level is 0.14% for juvenile grass carp.
|
['Animal Feed', 'Animals', 'Blood Chemical Analysis', 'Carps', 'Diet', 'Dietary Supplements', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Female', 'Male', 'Nelumbo', 'Plant Extracts', 'Random Allocation']
| 31,315,061
|
[['G07.203.300.300.100', 'J02.500.300.100'], ['B01.050'], ['E01.370.225.124.100', 'E05.200.124.100'], ['B01.050.150.900.493.200.244.248'], ['G07.203.650.240'], ['G07.203.300.456', 'J02.500.456'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.774.500'], ['D20.215.784.500', 'D26.667'], ['E05.318.370.700', 'E05.581.500.805', 'N05.715.360.325.675', 'N06.850.520.445.700']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Glomangioma of the trachea.
|
A case of a glomus tumor arising in an unusual site, the trachea, is described. The tumor was composed of a mixture of glomus cells and mast cells. At the ultrastructural level, the glomus cells exhibited features of modified smooth-muscle cells.
|
['Basement Membrane', 'Cytoplasm', 'Epithelium', 'Female', 'Glomus Tumor', 'Humans', 'Microscopy, Electron', 'Middle Aged', 'Tracheal Neoplasms']
| 6,247,060
|
[['A10.272.220', 'A10.615.179'], ['A11.284.430.214'], ['A10.272'], ['C04.557.645.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.515.402', 'E05.595.402'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04.588.443.925', 'C04.588.894.797.760', 'C08.785.760', 'C08.907.563']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Lung ultrasound-a new diagnostic modality in persistent tachypnea of infancy.
|
Lung ultrasound (LUS) has been increasingly used in diagnosing and monitoring of various pulmonary diseases in children. The aim of the current study was to evaluate its usefulness in children with persistent tachypnea of infancy (PTI). This was a controlled, prospective, cross-sectional study that included children with PTI and healthy subjects. In patients with PTI, LUS was performed at baseline and then after 6 and 12 months of follow-up. Baseline results of LUS were compared to (a) baseline high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) images, (b) LUS examinations in control group, and (c) follow-up LUS examinations. Twenty children with PTI were enrolled. B-lines were found in all children with PTI and in 11 (55%) control subjects (P < .001). The total number of B-lines, the maximal number of B lines in any intercostal space, the distance between B-lines, and pleural thickness were significantly increased in children with PTI compared to controls. An irregularity of the pleural line was found in all patients with PTI and in none of the healthy children. There were no significant changes in LUS findings in patients with PTI during the study period. The comparison of HRCT indices and LUS findings revealed significant correlations between the mean lung attenuation, skewness, kurtosis and fraction of interstitial pulmonary involvement, and the number of B-lines as well as the pleural line thickness. LUS seems to be a promising diagnostic tool in children with PTI. Its inclusion in the diagnostic work-up may enable to reduce the number of costly, hazardous, and ionizing radiation-based imaging procedures.
|
['Child', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Lung', 'Lung Diseases', 'Male', 'Pleura', 'Prospective Studies', 'Tachypnea', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed', 'Ultrasonography']
| 31,978,279
|
[['M01.060.406'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A04.411'], ['C08.381'], ['A04.716', 'A10.615.789.736'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['C08.618.961', 'C23.888.852.944'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810'], ['E01.370.350.850']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Lid lag and lagophthalmos: a clarification of terminology.
|
Lid lag, lagophthalmos and von Grafe's sign are useful terms which refer to important clinical signs. Despite the fact that they have discrete meanings, they are often used interchangeably and incorrectly by many ophthalmologists and, therefore, their value has been degraded. We provide definitions for these commonly used (but often confused) ophthalmic terms: Lagophthalmos is the inability to completely close the eyes; Lid lag is the static situation in which the eyelid is higher than normal with the globe in downgaze; and von Grafe's sign is a dynamic sign describing the retarded descent of the eyelid during movement of the globe from primary position to downgaze. It is our hope that these terms will be adopted by the ophthalmic community so that precision in definition will lead to clarity of thought and communication.
|
['Blepharoptosis', 'Child', 'Eyelid Diseases', 'Humans', 'Keratitis', 'Terminology as Topic']
| 7,266,976
|
[['C11.338.204'], ['M01.060.406'], ['C11.338'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C11.204.564'], ['L01.559.598.400']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
[Depression and stress management in medical students. A comparative study between freshman and advanced medical students].
|
International studies have indicated a high prevalence of depression and a lack of coping with stress in medical students. Freshman and advanced medical students were investigated using a specific questionnaire and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) with a response rate of 100%. Of the subjects studied 81.1% did not have any depression, 13.1% slight and 5.8% clinically relevant symptoms of depression. The severity of symptoms was highly associated with subjective appraisal of stressors. Coping skills of first year students significantly influenced the depression symptoms calling for preventative measures even in freshman medical students.
|
['Adaptation, Psychological', 'Alcohol Drinking', 'Depressive Disorder', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Leisure Activities', 'Life Style', 'Male', 'Personal Satisfaction', 'Risk Factors', 'Sex Factors', 'Social Environment', 'Social Support', 'Stress, Psychological', 'Students, Medical', 'Substance-Related Disorders', 'Work Schedule Tolerance', 'Workload']
| 21,165,590
|
[['F01.058'], ['F01.145.317.269'], ['F03.600.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['I03.450'], ['F01.829.458'], ['F01.145.677'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['N05.715.350.675', 'N06.850.490.875'], ['I01.880.853.500'], ['I01.880.853.500.600'], ['F01.145.126.990', 'F02.830.900'], ['M01.848.769.602'], ['C25.775', 'F03.900'], ['I03.946.225.375', 'N04.452.677.650.375'], ['I03.946.225.500', 'N04.452.677.650.500']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Enhancement of HIV-1 replication in peripheral blood mononuclear cells by Cryptococcus neoformans is monocyte-dependent but tumour necrosis factor-independent.
|
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the possible role of Cryptococcus neoformans in HIV-1 pathogenesis.DESIGN: An in vitro system was developed to study HIV-1 replication in freshly HIV-1-infected peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) incubated with whole azide-killed C. neoformans.METHODS: Human PBMC or peripheral blood lymphocytes were infected with lymphocytotropic HIV-1 and incubated with azide-killed encapsulated or non-encapsulated C. neoformans for 10 days. Viral replication was followed by HIV-1 p24 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and median tissue culture infective dose determination. Tumour necrosis factor (TNF) release by PBMC, induced by C. neoformans, was measured. Anti-TNF monoclonal antibodies or pentoxifylline were used to inhibit TNF bioactivity.RESULTS: Both encapsulated and non-encapsulated C. neoformans enhanced HIV-1 replication in PBMC but not in peripheral blood lymphocytes. C. neoformans induced TNF release by PBMC. Inhibition of TNF bioactivity did not block C. neoformans-enhanced HIV-1 replication in PBMC.CONCLUSIONS: C. neoformans can enhance HIV-1 replication in T cells only in the presence of monocytic cells. This enhancement is not dependent on encapsulation nor can it be attributed to TNF release.
|
['Antibodies, Monoclonal', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Cryptococcus neoformans', 'HIV-1', 'Humans', 'Monocytes', 'Pentoxifylline', 'Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha', 'Virus Replication']
| 8,011,245
|
[['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224'], ['A11.251'], ['B01.300.381.258.366', 'B01.300.930.316.366'], ['B04.820.650.589.650.350.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A11.118.637.555.652', 'A11.148.580', 'A11.627.624', 'A11.733.547', 'A15.145.229.637.555.652', 'A15.378.316.580', 'A15.382.490.555.652', 'A15.382.670.547', 'A15.382.680.547'], ['D03.633.100.759.758.824.651.700'], ['D12.644.276.374.500.800', 'D12.644.276.374.750.626', 'D12.776.124.900', 'D12.776.395.930', 'D12.776.467.374.500.800', 'D12.776.467.374.750.626', 'D23.529.374.500.800', 'D23.529.374.750.626'], ['G06.920.925']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Ferric chloride based downstream process for microalgae based biodiesel production.
|
In this study, ferric chloride (FeCl3) was used to integrate downstream processes (harvesting, lipid extraction, and esterification). At concentration of 200 mg/L and at pH 3, FeCl3 exhibited an expected degree of coagulation and an increase in cell density of ten times (170 mg/10 mL). An iron-mediated oxidation reaction, Fenton-like reaction, was used to extract lipid from the harvested biomass, and efficiency of 80% was obtained with 0.5% H2O2 at 90 °C. The iron compound was also employed in the esterification step, and converted free fatty acids to fatty acid methyl esters under acidic conditions; thus, the fatal problem of saponification during esterification with alkaline catalysts was avoided, and esterification efficiency over 90% was obtained. This study clearly showed that FeCl3 in the harvesting process is beneficial in all downstream steps and have a potential to greatly reduce the production cost of microalgae-originated biodiesel.
|
['Biofuels', 'Biotechnology', 'Chlorella', 'Chlorides', 'Chromatography, Gas', 'Esterification', 'Ferric Compounds', 'Hydrogen Peroxide', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Iron', 'Lipids', 'Microalgae', 'Static Electricity']
| 25,647,024
|
[['D20.147', 'N06.230.132.644.124'], ['H01.158.550', 'J01.897.120'], ['B01.650.940.150.469'], ['D01.210.450.150', 'D01.248.497.158.215'], ['E05.196.181.349'], ['G02.111.270', 'G02.607.250', 'G03.344'], ['D01.490.100'], ['D01.248.497.158.685.750.424', 'D01.339.431.374.424', 'D01.650.550.750.400', 'D02.389.338.253'], ['G02.300'], ['D01.268.556.412', 'D01.268.956.287', 'D01.552.544.412'], ['D10'], ['B05.080.500.600.500'], ['G01.358.500.249.820']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
[Nursing as an option: profile of undergraduate of two teaching institutions].
|
This is a descriptive-exploratory study, aiming at comparing socioeconomic profile of students of two teaching institutions of the municipality of Rio de Janeiro and factors that interfere in their option to choose Nursing. The study was composed by 152 students of Institution (A) and 120 of (B) who were admitted to the undergraduate course in 2004 and 2005. The analysis evidenced that the majority belongs to middle and lower middle class and are young adults, single women. An expanding labor market and an opportunity of a better salary are the main factors that attract students of private schools to nursing career. It is important to the profession to be known in society and, especially, among students who search for a professional option, considering the lack of information of students who are admitted to the Nursing undergraduate course.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Brazil', 'Career Choice', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Nursing', 'Schools, Nursing', 'Socioeconomic Factors', 'Students, Nursing']
| 18,572,835
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['Z01.107.757.176'], ['F02.463.785.373.346.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['H02.478', 'N04.452.758.377'], ['I02.783.495.623'], ['I01.880.853.996', 'N01.824'], ['M01.848.769.685']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Changes of abdominal temperature and circulating levels of cortisol and interleukin-6 in response to intra-arterial infusions of tumor necrosis factor-alpha or tumor necrosis factor-beta in guinea pigs.
|
The sister proteins tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and TNF-beta share 35% of their amino acid sequence and a number, but not all, of their biological properties. In the present study we infused amounts of 5 microg/kg TNF-alpha, TNF-beta (both preparations with identical bioactivities) or of solvent (0.9% sterile saline) into the circulation of guinea pigs and studied the effects on abdominal temperature, on the induction of endogenous formation of interleukin-6 and on levels of cortisol in plasma as a parameter of the activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Infusion of TNF-alpha and TNF-beta both resulted in identical circulating TNF-like-activities corresponding to an amount of about 7000 pg/ml. TNF-alpha induced a biphasic fever lasting for more than 6 h, while in response to TNF-beta just the shorter first phase of fever (duration: 120 min) was measured. Circulating interleukin-6 (baseline level: 12-20 International Units (I.U.)/ml) and cortisol (baseline level: 70-120 ng/ml) increased about 6-fold during the first phase of the febrile response 60 min after the start of infusion with TNF-alpha or TNF-beta. Thereafter interleukin-6 and cortisol declined again in response to TNF-beta, but further increased after infusion with TNF-alpha to peak values measured 3 h after the start of infusion (interleukin-6: 258 +/- 52 I.U./ml; cortisol: 790 +/- 167 ng/ml). In animals infused with solvent abdominal temperature and interleukin-6 remained at the baseline values, just cortisol increased slightly. The results demonstrate that TNF-alpha is a much stronger inducer of fever and interleukin-6 production or of HPA-axis activation than TNF-beta in so far as all the investigated responses can be measured for prolonged time in response to TNF-alpha.
|
['Animals', 'Body Temperature', 'Guinea Pigs', 'Hydrocortisone', 'Hypothalamus', 'Infusions, Intra-Arterial', 'Interleukin-6', 'Lymphotoxin-alpha', 'Male', 'Pituitary-Adrenal System', 'Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha']
| 9,369,355
|
[['B01.050'], ['E01.370.600.875.374', 'G07.110'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.550'], ['D04.210.500.745.745.654.600', 'D06.472.040.585.353.476', 'D06.472.040.585.478.392'], ['A08.186.211.180.497', 'A08.186.211.200.317.357'], ['E02.319.267.510.520'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.224', 'D12.776.467.374.465.202', 'D23.529.374.465.224'], ['D12.644.276.374.480.438', 'D12.644.276.374.750.500', 'D12.776.467.374.480.438', 'D12.776.467.374.750.500', 'D23.529.374.480.438', 'D23.529.374.750.500'], ['A06.300.691'], ['D12.644.276.374.500.800', 'D12.644.276.374.750.626', 'D12.776.124.900', 'D12.776.395.930', 'D12.776.467.374.500.800', 'D12.776.467.374.750.626', 'D23.529.374.500.800', 'D23.529.374.750.626']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Mitochondrial changes induced by natural and synthetic asbestos fibers: studies on isolated mitochondria.
|
Asbestos fibers, such as chrysotile and crocidolite, are known to have cytotoxic effects on different cell types. In vivo exposure to asbestos fibers can induce both fibrotic and malignant lung diseases , however, the mechanisms linking exposure to the subsequent development of the diseases are unknown. Numerous investigations suggest the involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS are known to damage biological macromolecules including proteins, cell membrane lipids and nucleic acids; alterations of these essential cellular components can alter cell function and can drive the cell to neoplastic transformation or to cell death. Because the mitochondrial respiratory chain is an important source of ROS and RNS (reactive nitogen species) in the cells, we have investigated the effects of aqueous extracts of asbestos (natural and synthetic) fibers on some mitochondrial activities. Our data show that crocidolite fibers release substances in solution that may interfere directly with the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase complex. Moreover, the calcium ions released from these fibers induce opening of the permeability transition pore of the inner membrane leading to a possible cytotoxic effect due to the release of apoptotic factors normally localized in the mitochondrial intermembrane space. In addition, crocidolite extracts enhance the mitochondrial production of ROS. No significant biochemical effects are exerted by chrysotile, either natural or synthetic, on isolated mitochondria. Nevertheless, all asbestos fibers tested induce morphological alterations visualized by transmission electron microscopy and morphometric analysis.
|
['Animals', 'Asbestos, Crocidolite', 'Calcium', 'Cell Membrane Permeability', 'Electron Transport Complex IV', 'Mitochondria', 'Reactive Oxygen Species']
| 17,543,227
|
[['B01.050'], ['D01.578.725.050.050.100', 'D01.837.725.700.760.070.050.090'], ['D01.268.552.100', 'D01.552.539.288', 'D23.119.100'], ['G03.143.335', 'G04.175'], ['D05.500.562.374', 'D08.811.600.250.687', 'D08.811.682.285', 'D12.776.157.530.450.250.875.304', 'D12.776.543.277.687', 'D12.776.543.585.450.250.875.484'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.564', 'A11.284.835.626'], ['D01.339.431', 'D01.650.775']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Comprehensive proteome analysis of ovarian cancers using liquid phase separation, mass mapping and tandem mass spectrometry: a strategy for identification of candidate cancer biomarkers.
|
A two-dimensional (2-D) liquid phase separation method, liquid isoelectric focusing followed by nonporous reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), was used to separate proteins from human ovarian epithelial whole cell lysates. HPLC eluent was interfaced on-line to an electrospray ionization (ESI) time of flight (TOF) mass spectrometer to obtain accurate intact protein molecular weights (Mr). 2-D protein expression maps were generated displaying protein isoelectric point (pI) versus intact protein Mr. Resulting 2-D images effectively displayed quantitative differential protein expression in ovarian cancer cells versus non-neoplastic ovarian epithelial cells. Protein peak fractions were collected from the HPLC eluent, enzymatically digested, and analyzed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) TOF-mass spectrometry (MS) peptide mass fingerprinting and by MALDI-quadrupole TOF tandem mass spectrometry peptide sequencing. Interlysate comparisons of differential protein expression between two ovarian adenocarcinoma cell lines, ES2 and MDAH-2774, and ovarian surface epithelial cells was performed. Five pI fractions from each sample were selected for comparative study and over 300 unique proteins were positively identified from the 2-D liquid expression maps using MS, which covered around 60% of proteins detected by on-line ESI-TOF-MS. This represents one of the most comprehensive proteomic analyses of ovarian cancer samples to date. Protein bands with significant up- or down-regulation in one cell line versus another as viewed in the 2-D expression maps were identified. This strategy may prove useful in identifying novel ovarian cancer marker proteins.
|
['Biomarkers, Tumor', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Isoelectric Focusing', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Neoplasm Proteins', 'Ovarian Neoplasms', 'Peptide Mapping', 'Proteome', 'Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization']
| 15,274,142
|
[['D23.101.140'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['E05.196.181.400.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.196.401.663', 'E05.301.300.663'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['D12.776.624'], ['C04.588.322.455', 'C13.351.500.056.630.705', 'C13.351.937.418.685', 'C19.344.410', 'C19.391.630.705'], ['E05.196.181.400.454.720', 'E05.196.401.319.720', 'E05.196.700', 'E05.393.760.705.685'], ['D12.776.817'], ['E05.196.566.755']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Study of efavirenz over 96 weeks shows durability, efficacious regimen. Results from 48-96 weeks essentially same.
|
Recent results from the Daily Antiretroviral Therapy (DART 1) trial show promising results for antiretroviral na?ve patients. The 96-week study results from 65 patients who were treated with the combination of once-daily efavirenz (600 mg), lamivudine (300 mg), and didanosine (400 mg) showed that the rates of patients achieving HIV-1 RNA viral loads of less than 400 copies were essentially the same as the previous 48-week results.
|
['Alkynes', 'Benzoxazines', 'Cyclopropanes', 'HIV Infections', 'Humans', 'Oxazines', 'RNA, Viral', 'Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors', 'Viral Load']
| 16,562,339
|
[['D02.455.326.397'], ['D03.383.533.249', 'D03.633.100.209'], ['D02.455.426.392.368.533'], ['C01.221.250.875', 'C01.221.812.640.400', 'C01.778.640.400', 'C01.925.782.815.616.400', 'C01.925.813.400', 'C20.673.480'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D03.383.533'], ['D13.444.735.828'], ['D27.505.519.389.675.850', 'D27.505.954.122.388.308'], ['E01.370.225.875.950', 'E05.200.875.950', 'G06.920.850']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
A novel model of HPV infection in meshed human foreskin grafts.
|
The present study describes a novel meshing procedure that provided successful low-risk papillomavirus propagation and reproducible wart induction in human foreskin xenografts. The initial HPV6 and/or 11 inocula were collected from clinically excised human wart tissues and confirmed to be free of HPV16, 18 and 31 by PCR analysis. Human foreskin grafts were collected from a circumcision clinic, and pre-inoculated with HPV virions by scarification. Meshing was carried out with a Zimmer Skin Grafter Mesher. Grafts were cut to appropriate size (1cm x 1cm or 5mm x 5mm) for cutaneous or subcutaneous grafting to NIH-nu-bg-xid mice under halothane anesthesia. Cutaneous xenografts were dressed with antibiotics and protective band-aids for 3 weeks. In the paralleled experiment using the same viral stock containing both HPV6 and 11, and matched grafts, no visible papillomas were observed in non-meshed cutaneous xenografts (n = 4 up to 6 months). In comparison, six of eight cutaneous xenografts treated with the meshing procedure formed visible papillomas within 4 months. This high frequency of distinct papilloma induction over the surface of meshed xenografts were reproduced in subsequent experiments with viral stocks containing both HPV11 and 6 (8 out of 10 grafts), or with a single-type HPV11 inoculum (80-100%). In contrast, an initial viral stock of single-type HPV6 provided lower frequency and more delayed papilloma induction. Serial passage of HPV6 in the meshed xenograft appeared to improve both the induction frequency and growth rate up to the 3rd generation. Histology, in situ hybridization, and immunohistochemical analysis revealed similarity of xenograft warts to those observed in the clinic. The highly reproducible papilloma induction rate and successful viral stock propagation associated with the meshing procedure provide a novel feature in the HPV xenograft model.
|
['Animals', 'Cell Transformation, Viral', 'Fibroblasts', 'Humans', 'Mice', 'Mice, Nude', 'Models, Animal', 'Papilloma', 'Papillomaviridae', 'Papillomavirus Infections', 'Skin Transplantation', 'Transplantation, Heterologous']
| 15,550,271
|
[['B01.050'], ['C04.697.098.500.160', 'C23.550.727.098.500.160', 'G06.920.143'], ['A11.329.228'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.500'], ['E05.598'], ['C04.557.470.700.600'], ['B04.280.210.655', 'B04.613.204.655'], ['C01.925.256.650', 'C01.925.928.725'], ['E02.095.147.725.700', 'E04.680.275.850', 'E04.936.580.700'], ['E04.936.764']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
An evaluation of Birmingham Own Health telephone care management service among patients with poorly controlled diabetes. A retrospective comparison with the General Practice Research Database.
|
BACKGROUND: Telephone-based care management programmes have been shown to improve health outcomes in some chronic diseases. Birmingham Own Health is a telephone-based care service (nurse-delivered motivational coaching and support for self-management and lifestyle change) for patients with poorly controlled diabetes, delivered in Birmingham, UK. We used a novel method to evaluate its effectiveness in a real-life setting.METHODS: Retrospective cohort study in the UK. 473 patients aged ? 18 years with diabetes enrolled onto Birmingham Own Health (intervention cohort) and with > 90 days follow-up, were each matched by age and sex to up to 50 patients with diabetes registered with the General Practice Research Database (GPRD) to create a pool of 21,052 controls (control cohort). Controls were further selected from the main control cohort, matching as close as possible to the cases for baseline test levels, followed by as close as possible length of follow-up (within +/- 30 days limits) and within +/- 90 days baseline test date. The aim was to identify a control group with as similar distribution of prognostic factors to the cases as possible. Effect sizes were computed using linear regression analysis adjusting for age, sex, deprivation quintile, length of follow-up and baseline test levels.RESULTS: After adjusting for baseline values and other potential confounders, the intervention showed significant mean reductions among people with diabetes of 0.3% (95% CI 0.1, 0.4%) in HbA1c; 3.5 mmHg (1.5, 5.5) in systolic blood pressure, 1.6 mmHg (0.4, 2.7) in diastolic blood pressure and 0.7 unit reduction (0.3, 1.0) in BMI, over a mean follow-up of around 10 months. Only small effects were seen on average on serum cholesterol levels (0.1 mmol/l reduction (0.1, 0.2)). More marked effects were seen for each clinical outcome among patients with worse baseline levels.CONCLUSIONS: Despite the limitations of the study design, the results are consistent with the Birmingham Own Health telephone care management intervention being effective in reducing HbA1c levels, blood pressure and BMI in people with diabetes, to a degree comparable with randomised controlled trials of similar interventions and clinically important. The effects appear to be greater in patients with poorer baseline levels and the intervention is effective in the most deprived populations.
|
['Aged', 'Alabama', 'Databases, Factual', 'Diabetes Mellitus', 'Disease Management', 'Female', 'General Practice', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Research', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Self Care', 'Telecommunications', 'Telemedicine', 'Treatment Outcome', 'United Kingdom']
| 21,929,804
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['Z01.107.567.875.075.100', 'Z01.107.567.875.750.100'], ['L01.313.500.750.300.188.400', 'L01.470.750.750'], ['C18.452.394.750', 'C19.246'], ['N04.590.607'], ['H02.403.340'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['H01.770.644'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E02.900', 'I03.050.563', 'N02.421.784.680'], ['L01.178.847'], ['H02.403.840', 'L01.178.847.652', 'N04.590.374.800'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['Z01.542.363']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Doppler features of occlusion of the internal thoracic artery due to preoperative branch embolization.
|
A 61-year-old male was referred to the surgical ward by cardiologists because of a diagnosis of unstable angina with 3-vessel disease. On preoperative left internal thoracic arteriography, a large first intercostal branch was found at the proximal portion. Selective arterial embolization of the branch of the left internal thoracic artery (LITA) was carried out preoperatively. At 2 days after embolization, the Doppler peak flow velocity and diameter of the LITA were increased and enlarged compared with before the procedure. However, a large reverse wave following after the first systolic peak flow of the LITA was newly detected after embolization. Upon operation, the LITA was found to be occluded at the 2nd intercostal space due to thrombus formation. Therefore, the right internal thoracic artery was anastomosed to the left anterior descending artery and coronary reversed saphenous vein grafts were joined to segment 4PD of the right coronary artery. The postoperative course was uneventful. There has been no previous report of an LITA branch being embolized preoperatively. It was possible to diagnose the graft problem by detecting the altered Doppler wave form of the LITA.
|
['Angina Pectoris', 'Contraindications', 'Echocardiography, Doppler, Pulsed', 'Embolization, Therapeutic', 'Graft Occlusion, Vascular', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Thoracic Arteries', 'Thrombosis']
| 10,553,929
|
[['C14.280.647.187', 'C14.907.585.187', 'C23.888.592.612.233.500'], ['E02.208'], ['E01.370.350.130.750.220.225', 'E01.370.350.850.220.220.225', 'E01.370.350.850.850.220.225', 'E01.370.350.850.850.860.225', 'E01.370.370.380.220.220.225'], ['E02.520.360', 'E02.926.500'], ['C23.550.767.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['A07.015.114.891'], ['C14.907.355.830']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Studies on ammocytes: development, metabolic characteristics, and detoxication of ammonium.
|
The possibility of reducing ammonium concentration in the blood of mice with hyperammonemia with ammocytes (erythrocytes loaded with glutamate synthase) and the metabolic characteristics of these cells were studied. Injection of ammocytes into the blood stream of animals with hyperammonemia led to reduction of the blood ammonium concentration within the first 30-120 min and this activity of ammocytes was retained for at least 2 days. Endogenous phosphofructokinase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, hexokinase, lactate dehydrogenase, pyruvate kinase, and Na(+),K(+)-ATPase in ammocytes remained at the levels of catalytic activities characteristic of intact erythrocytes. Hence, ammocytes are functionally active cells and can be used as a protective system in pathological hyperammonemia, while the method can be regarded as a new technology for medicine and veterinary.
|
['Animals', 'Cell- and Tissue-Based Therapy', 'Erythrocytes', 'Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase', 'Glutamate Synthase', 'Hexokinase', 'Hyperammonemia', 'L-Lactate Dehydrogenase', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred BALB C', 'Phosphofructokinases', 'Pyruvate Kinase', 'Quaternary Ammonium Compounds']
| 19,513,368
|
[['B01.050'], ['E02.095.147'], ['A11.118.290', 'A11.443.240', 'A15.145.229.334'], ['D08.811.682.047.150.300'], ['D08.811.682.664.500.470', 'D08.811.913.477.700.470'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.300'], ['C23.550.421'], ['D08.811.682.047.551.400', 'D08.811.682.047.820.493'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.338', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.338'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.225.850'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.695'], ['D01.625.062.500', 'D02.092.877', 'D02.675.276']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Associations of ChREBP and Global DNA Methylation with Genetic and Environmental Factors in Chinese Healthy Adults.
|
Age, gender, diet, gene and lifestyle have been reported to affect metabolic status and disease susceptibility through epigenetic pathway. But it remains indistinct that which factors account for certain epigenetic modifications. Our aim was to identify the influencing factors on inter-individual DNA methylation variations of carbohydrate response element binding protein (ChREBP) and global genome in peripheral blood leucocytes (PBLs). ChREBP DNA methylation was determined by bisulfite sequencing, and genomic 5mdC contents were quantified by capillary hydrophilic-interaction liquid chromatography/ in-source fragmentation/ tandem mass spectrometry system in about 300 healthy individuals. Eleven single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) spanning ChREBP and DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) were genotyped by high resolution melting or PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism. DNMT1 mRNA expression was analyzed by quantitative PCR. We found ChREBP DNA methylation levels were statistically associated with age (Beta (B) = 0.028, p = 0.006) and serum total cholesterol concentrations (TC) (B = 0.815, p = 0.010), independent of sex, concentrations of triglyceride, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), fasting blood glucose and systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, PBLs counts and classifications. The DNMT1 haplotypes were related to ChREBP (odds ratio (OR) = 0.668, p = 0.029) and global (OR = 0.450, p = 0.015) DNA methylation as well as LDL-C, but not DNMT1 expression. However, only the relation to LDL-C was robust to correction for multiple testing (ORFDR = 1.593, pFDR = 0.013). These results indicated that the age and TC were independent influential factors of ChREBP methylation and DNMT1 variants could probably influence LDL-C to further modify ChREBP DNA methylation. Certainly, sequential comprehensive analysis of the interactions between genetic variants and blood lipid levels on ChREBP and global DNA methylation was required.
|
['Adult', 'Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors', 'Cholesterol, HDL', 'Cholesterol, LDL', 'DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferase 1', 'DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferases', 'DNA Methylation', 'Environment', 'Epigenesis, Genetic', 'Female', 'Genotype', 'Haplotypes', 'Humans', 'Lipids', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide', 'Triglycerides']
| 27,281,235
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D12.776.260.103.500', 'D12.776.260.108.092', 'D12.776.930.125.500', 'D12.776.930.127.092'], ['D04.210.500.247.808.197.238', 'D10.532.432.400', 'D10.570.938.208.270', 'D12.776.521.479.470'], ['D04.210.500.247.808.197.244', 'D10.532.515.500', 'D10.570.938.208.275', 'D12.776.521.550.500'], ['D08.811.913.555.500.350.100.500.500', 'D12.776.157.687.313', 'D12.776.660.720.313'], ['D08.811.913.555.500.350.100.500'], ['G02.111.035.538.161', 'G02.111.218', 'G03.059.538.161', 'G05.206'], ['G16.500.275', 'N06.230'], ['G05.308.203'], ['G05.380'], ['G05.380.360'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D10'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G05.365.795.598'], ['D10.351.801']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Is there a selective relationship between language functioning and auditory attention in children?
|
This study explores the selectivity of the relationship between auditory attention and language in children. A total of 42 children (16 females) between 7.0 and 10.0 years of age were administered a battery of cognitive, language, and behavioral measures along with 3 auditory and 3 visual continuous performance tests (CPTs). Omission errors on auditory CPTs were related to language skills whereas commission errors on CPTs in both modalities were related to behavioral ratings. The finding of a specific relationship between language functioning and auditory attention indicates that the contribution of auditory attention to language acquisition, processing, and breakdown should be more fully explored.
|
['Acoustic Stimulation', 'Attention', 'Auditory Perception', 'Child', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Language', 'Language Development', 'Male', 'Multivariate Analysis', 'Neuropsychological Tests', 'Photic Stimulation', 'Reaction Time']
| 17,691,039
|
[['E02.037', 'E02.190.888.030', 'E05.723.136'], ['F02.830.104.214'], ['F02.463.593.071', 'G07.888.125'], ['M01.060.406'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.145.209.399', 'L01.559'], ['F01.525.200.310'], ['E05.318.740.150.500', 'N05.715.360.750.125.500', 'N06.850.520.830.150.500'], ['F04.711.513'], ['E05.723.729'], ['E05.796.817', 'F02.830.650', 'F04.669.817', 'G11.561.677']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
EVAR with Aortic Placement of a Single JOTEC E-iliac Stent-graft System in a Patient with Poliomyelitis Aortoiliac Deformities.
|
Small-sized vessels can represent a contraindication to standard endovascular aortic repair (EVAR), and more specifically, aortoiliac deformities resulting from poliomyelitis may add an adjunctive challenge for total endovascular repair. Herein we report a case of a 62-year-old man with a 55 mm abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) and a history of poliomyelitis. More specifically, a computed tomography angiogram (CTA) showed a very narrow infrarenal aortic neck, measuring 13 mm in maximum diameter, and severely atrophic external iliac and common femoral arteries. A total endovascular repair was planned and realized with a single aortic JOTEC iliac branch and contralateral VBX placement. All prosthetic materials were delivered from the nonatrophic side. At the 1-year CTA, the aneurysm was successfully excluded and both iliofemoral axes were patent.
|
['Aged', 'Aorta, Abdominal', 'Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal', 'Atrophy', 'Blood Vessel Prosthesis', 'Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation', 'Endovascular Procedures', 'Humans', 'Iliac Artery', 'Male', 'Poliomyelitis', 'Stents', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 32,768,550
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['A07.015.114.056.205'], ['C14.907.055.239.075', 'C14.907.109.139.075'], ['C23.300.070'], ['E07.695.110'], ['E04.100.814.868.500', 'E04.650.200'], ['E04.100.814.529', 'E04.502.382'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A07.015.114.444'], ['C01.207.618.750', 'C01.925.782.687.359.764', 'C10.228.228.618.750', 'C10.228.854.525.850', 'C10.668.864'], ['E07.695.750'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
New example of proline-induced fragmentation in electrospray ionization mass spectrometry of peptides.
|
The positive ion electrospray ionization (ESI+) mass spectra of peptides usually display only protonated molecules provided that soft ionization conditions are applied (low cone voltage to prevent in-source dissociations). Such ions can be multiply charged depending on the molecular weight of the studied compounds. We have experienced an unexpected behavior during the ESI analysis of a modified peptide of relatively high mass (3079 Da). A specific fragmentation occurred even under soft energetic conditions, leading to a mass spectrum containing multiply charged molecular and fragment ions. The selective rupture involved the amide bond between the glutamic acid and proline residues (E-P sequence). The successive replacement of each amino acid by an alanine residue (positional scanning study) was undertaken to assess which part of the sequence induced such selective and abundant fragmentation on multiply charged species. The succession P-P was evidenced as the minimum unit giving rise to the first peptide bond rupture in the sequence X-P-P. Any acidic amino acid at the X position (X = D, E) favored the fragmentation by an intramolecular interaction. Such proline-induced fragmentation occurring readily in the source differed from the literature data on the specific behavior of proline-containing peptides where bond ruptures occur solely in dissociation conditions.
|
['Amino Acids', 'Calibration', 'Molecular Weight', 'Peptides', 'Proline', 'Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization', 'Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet']
| 12,125,024
|
[['D12.125'], ['E05.978.155'], ['G02.494'], ['D12.644'], ['D12.125.072.401.623'], ['E05.196.566.600'], ['E05.196.712.726.802', 'E05.196.867.826.802']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The role of Interleukin-33 in the modulation of splenic T-cell immune responses after experimental ischemic stroke.
|
The splenic T-cell immune response to stroke has been identified as an important role in the progression of brain injury following ischemic stroke. Interleukin (IL)-33 as a novel cytokine of IL-1 family has been found to be protective for ischemic brain injury. Here, we determined the contribution of IL-33 to the T-cell immune responses in the spleen after experimental ischemic stroke. Mice were subjected to 30 min of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) for ischemic stroke induction. Recombinant mouse IL-33 (100 ìg/kg) was pre-treated intraperitoneally at 30 min prior to MCAO, then the percentages of T cell subsets, related cytokines and transcription factors in the spleen tissues were measured. Intraperitoneal IL-33 pre-treatment may attenuate neurological deficit scores and infarct volumes after MCAO, which was accompanied by reduced IFN-ã+ T cells and increased Foxp3+ T cells in the spleen tissues. Meanwhile, IL-33 pre-treatment could decrease the production of IFN-ã and increase the secretion of IL-4, IL-10 and TGF-â from the spleen at 24 h after MCAO. Additionally, the mRNA level of the transcription factor T-bet was downregulated by IL-33, and the levels of GATA-3 and Foxp3 mRNA were upregulated. These results showed that the long-term protective mechanism of IL-33 in ischemic stroke may be partly associated to its modulation role for splenic T-cell immune responses through inhibiting Th1 response and promoting Treg response, suggesting that IL-33 may be a candidate treatment for human stroke via modulating the peripheral immune system following stroke.
|
['Animals', 'Atrophy', 'Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery', 'Injections, Intraperitoneal', 'Interleukin-33', 'Ischemic Attack, Transient', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Premedication', 'Random Allocation', 'Recombinant Proteins', 'Spleen', 'T-Lymphocyte Subsets', 'T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory', 'Th1 Cells', 'Transcription Factors']
| 31,146,104
|
[['B01.050'], ['C23.300.070'], ['C10.228.140.300.150.477.200.450', 'C10.228.140.300.510.200.387', 'C10.228.140.300.775.200.200.450', 'C14.907.253.092.477.200.450', 'C14.907.253.560.200.387', 'C14.907.253.855.200.200.450', 'C23.550.513.355.250.200.450', 'C23.550.717.489.250.200.450'], ['E02.319.267.530.490'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.850', 'D12.776.467.374.465.850', 'D23.529.374.465.850'], ['C10.228.140.300.150.836', 'C14.907.253.092.836'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['E02.319.703'], ['E05.318.370.700', 'E05.581.500.805', 'N05.715.360.325.675', 'N06.850.520.445.700'], ['D12.776.828'], ['A10.549.700', 'A15.382.520.604.700'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.550.500', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.500', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.550.500', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.500', 'A15.382.490.555.567.550.500', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.500'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.550.500.700', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.200.700', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.500.700', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.550.500.700', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.200.700', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.500.700', 'A15.382.490.555.567.550.500.700', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.200.700', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.500.700'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.550.500.400.900', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.200.400.900', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.500.400.900', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.550.500.400.500', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.200.400.500', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.500.400.500', 'A15.382.490.555.567.550.500.400.900', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.200.400.900', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.500.400.900'], ['D12.776.930']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Human IL-32 expression protects mice against a hypervirulent strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
|
Silencing of interleukin-32 (IL-32) in a differentiated human promonocytic cell line impairs killing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) but the role of IL-32 in vivo against MTB remains unknown. To study the effects of IL-32 in vivo, a transgenic mouse was generated in which the human IL-32ã gene is expressed using the surfactant protein C promoter (SPC-IL-32ãTg). Wild-type and SPC-IL-32ãTg mice were infected with a low-dose aerosol of a hypervirulent strain of MTB (W-Beijing HN878). At 30 and 60 d after infection, the transgenic mice had 66% and 85% fewer MTB in the lungs and 49% and 68% fewer MTB in the spleens, respectively; the transgenic mice also exhibited greater survival. Increased numbers of host-protective innate and adaptive immune cells were present in SPC-IL-32ãTg mice, including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFá) positive lung macrophages and dendritic cells, and IFN-gamma (IFNã) and TNFá positive CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells in the lungs and mediastinal lymph nodes. Alveolar macrophages from transgenic mice infected with MTB ex vivo had reduced bacterial burden and increased colocalization of green fluorescent protein-labeled MTB with lysosomes. Furthermore, mouse macrophages made to express IL-32ã but not the splice variant IL-32â were better able to limit MTB growth than macrophages capable of producing both. The lungs of patients with tuberculosis showed increased IL-32 expression, particularly in macrophages of granulomas and airway epithelial cells but also B cells and T cells. We conclude that IL-32ã enhances host immunity to MTB.
|
['Adaptive Immunity', 'Animals', 'Antigens, Ly', 'CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes', 'CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Humans', 'Immunity, Innate', 'Interferon-gamma', 'Interleukins', 'Lung', 'Lymph Nodes', 'Macrophages, Alveolar', 'Mice, Transgenic', 'Mutation', 'Mycobacterium tuberculosis', 'NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily B', 'Pulmonary Surfactant-Associated Protein C', 'RNA Splice Sites', 'T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory', 'Transfection', 'Transgenes', 'Tuberculosis', 'Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha', 'Virulence']
| 25,820,174
|
[['G12.450.050'], ['B01.050'], ['D23.050.301.264.920', 'D23.101.100.920'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.569.200', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.200', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.200'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.569.220', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.220', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.220'], ['A11.251'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G12.450.564'], ['D12.644.276.374.440.893', 'D12.644.276.374.480.615.350', 'D12.776.467.374.440.893', 'D12.776.467.374.480.615.350', 'D23.529.374.440.893', 'D23.529.374.480.615.350'], ['D12.644.276.374.465', 'D12.776.467.374.465', 'D23.529.374.465'], ['A04.411'], ['A10.549.400', 'A15.382.520.604.412'], ['A11.329.372.600', 'A11.627.482.600', 'A11.733.397.600', 'A15.382.670.522.600', 'A15.382.680.397.600'], ['B01.050.050.136.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800'], ['G05.365.590'], ['B03.510.024.962.500.702', 'B03.510.460.400.410.552.552.702'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.895.800.200'], ['D12.776.543.717', 'D12.776.816.750', 'D12.776.823.186'], ['D13.444.735.544.550', 'G02.111.570.080.689.687.490', 'G05.360.080.689.687.490', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.800'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.550.500.700', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.200.700', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.500.700', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.550.500.700', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.200.700', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.500.700', 'A15.382.490.555.567.550.500.700', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.200.700', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.500.700'], ['E05.393.350.810', 'G05.728.860'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.825'], ['C01.150.252.410.040.552.846'], ['D12.644.276.374.500.800', 'D12.644.276.374.750.626', 'D12.776.124.900', 'D12.776.395.930', 'D12.776.467.374.500.800', 'D12.776.467.374.750.626', 'D23.529.374.500.800', 'D23.529.374.750.626'], ['G06.930']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Use of ultrasound to locate a "lost" tissue expander injection port.
|
We have presented a rapid and reliable method of finding lost injection valves. (A frustrating footnote, however, is that 1 week later the port had again migrated and could not be located. Since the further anticipated gain was marginal, the bladder was already nearly expanded, and the expense for repeated ultrasound was a consideration, no further attempts were made to locate this port by ultrasound for further filling).
|
['Aged', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Surgery, Plastic', 'Ultrasonics']
| 3,725,974
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['H02.403.810.788'], ['H01.671.031.849']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
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