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Community perspectives on drug/alcohol use, concerns, needs, and resources in four Washington State Tribal communities.
|
Community-university teams investigated substance use, abuse, and dependence (SUAD) and related concerns, needs, strengths, and resources in four Washington State Tribal communities. A total of 153 key community members shared their perspectives through 43 semi-structured interviews and 19 semi-structured focus groups. Qualitative data analysis revealed robust themes: prescription medications and alcohol were perceived as most prevalent and concerning; family and peer influences and emotional distress were prominent perceived risk factors; and SUAD intervention resources varied across communities. Findings may guide future research and the development of much needed strength-based, culturally appropriate, and effective SUAD interventions for American Indians, Alaska Natives, and their communities.
|
['Alcohol-Related Disorders', 'Attitude to Health', 'Female', 'Focus Groups', 'Health Services Accessibility', 'Health Services Needs and Demand', 'Humans', 'Indians, North American', 'Male', 'Opioid-Related Disorders', 'Prescription Drug Misuse', 'Substance-Related Disorders', 'Washington']
| 25,560,464
|
[['C25.775.100', 'F03.900.100'], ['F01.100.150', 'N05.300.150'], ['E05.318.308.112', 'N05.715.360.300.269', 'N06.850.520.308.112'], ['N04.590.374.350', 'N05.300.430'], ['N03.349.380.420', 'N05.300.450'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.686.508.150.600'], ['C25.775.643.500', 'F03.900.647.500'], ['E02.319.306.500'], ['C25.775', 'F03.900'], ['Z01.107.567.875.560.900', 'Z01.107.567.875.580.900']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
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[Diode laser enucleation of the prostate (Dilep): technique and initial results].
|
INTRODUCTION: we present our preliminary experience and results of practising the prostate enucleation technique using a diode laser (DiLEP) and intravesical morcellation, following the same principles of holmium laser enucleation (HoLEP).MATERIALS AND METHOD: we endoscopically treated benign prostate hyperplasia with DiLEP in 17 patients over a period of five months. They were all followed up for three months with flowmetry and IPSS. We have described the prostate enucleation and morcellation technique in detail, as well as the materials required to perform them. We have also commented on the lessons learned having practised on more than 300 cases with HoLEP, with a view to applying this new technology.RESULTS: the mean age was 74.2 and the mean prostate volume was 61.26 (47-110) cc. The mean loss of haemoglobin was 2.1 (1.4-3.1) gr/dl. There were no major consequences or complications. All the patients were discharged from the hospital 24 hours after the operation. The improvement in the IPSS (22.3±4.1 vs. 7.1±1.06) and in the Q max (7.14±2.6 vs. 21.4±3.6) was sustainable.CONCLUSIONS: It is the first description of the DiLEP technique for the surgical treatment of benign prostate hyperplasia. We believe the results obtained are promising and that they could signify some advantages as opposed to HoLEP. However, prospective randomized studies are required to confirm this opinion.
|
['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Humans', 'Lasers, Semiconductor', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Prostatectomy', 'Prostatic Hyperplasia']
| 21,256,393
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E07.632.490.480', 'E07.710.520.480'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E04.950.774.860.625'], ['C12.294.565.500']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
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Differential gene expression between developing queens and workers in the honey bee, Apis mellifera.
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Many insects show polyphenisms, or alternative morphologies, which are based on differential gene expression rather than genetic polymorphism. Queens and workers are alternative forms of the adult female honey bee and represent one of the best known examples of insect polyphenism. Hormonal regulation of caste determination in honey bees has been studied in detail, but little is known about the proximate molecular mechanisms underlying this process, or any other such polyphenism. We report the success of a molecular-genetic approach for studying queen- and worker-specific gene expression in the development of the honey bee (Apis mellifera). Numerous genes appear to be differentially expressed between the two castes. Seven differentially expressed loci described here belong to at least five distinctly different evolutionary and functional groups. Two are particularly promising as potential regulators of caste differentiation. One is homologous to a widespread class of proteins that bind lipids and other hydrophobic ligands, including retinoic acid. The second locus shows sequence similarity to a DNA-binding domain in the Ets family of transcription factors. The remaining loci appear to be involved with downstream changes inherent to queen- or worker-specific developmental pathways. Caste determination in honey bees is typically thought of as primarily queen determination; our results make it clear that the process involves specific activation of genes in workers as well as in queens.
|
['Animals', 'Bees', 'Cloning, Molecular', 'Crystallins', 'Evolution, Molecular', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental', 'Genes, Insect', 'Insect Proteins', 'Larva', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Morphogenesis', 'Oncogene Proteins', 'Oxidoreductases', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-ets', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Receptors, Retinoic Acid', 'Transcription Factors']
| 10,318,926
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.500.131.617.720.500.500.875.387'], ['E05.393.220'], ['D12.776.306.366'], ['G05.045.250', 'G16.075.250'], ['G05.308.310'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.340', 'G05.360.340.357.500'], ['D12.776.093.500'], ['B05.500.500', 'G07.345.500.550.500.500'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G07.345.500'], ['D12.776.624.664'], ['D08.811.682'], ['D12.776.260.665', 'D12.776.624.664.700.175', 'D12.776.930.720'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['D12.776.826.701', 'D12.776.930.775'], ['D12.776.930']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
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| 0
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Relationship of protein molecular structure to metabolisable proteins in different types of dried distillers grains with solubles: a novel approach.
|
To date, there has been no study of protein molecular structures affected by bioethanol processing in relation to protein nutritive values of the new co-products of bioethanol production. The objective of the present study was to investigate the relationship between protein molecular structures (in terms of protein á-helix and â-sheet spectral intensity and their ratio and amide I to amide II spectral intensity and their ratio) and protein rumen degradation kinetics (rate and extent), estimated protein intestinal digestibility and total truly absorbed protein in small intestine (metabolisable protein) in different types of dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS), such as wheat DDGS, maize DDGS and blend DDGS (wheat:maize = 70:30). The protein molecular structures of the different types of DDGS affected by processing were identified using diffuse reflectance IR Fourier transform spectroscopy. The results showed that the protein structure á-helix to â-sheet ratio in the DDGS had a strongly negative correlation with estimated intestinal digestibility of ruminally undegraded protein (%dRUP, R - 0.95, P = 0.04), tended to have a significant correlation with the protein PC subfraction (which was undegradable and contained proteins associated with lignin and tannins and heat-damaged proteins) (R 0.91, P = 0.09) and had no correlation (P>0.10) with rumen degradation kinetics (rate and extent), total intestinally absorbed protein supply and degraded protein balance. However, the protein amide I to amide II ratio in the DDGS had a strongly positive correlation with soluble crude protein (CP) (R 0.99, P < 0.01), protein PA subfraction (which was instantaneously solubilised at time zero) (R 0.99, P < 0.01), protein PB2 subfraction (which was intermediately degradable) (R - 0.95, P = 0.04) and total digestible CP (R 0.95, P = 0.04). The amide I to amide II ratio also had strongly negative correlations with ruminally undegraded protein (%RUP: R - 0.96, P = 0.03) and the degraded protein balance (OEB: R - 0.97, P = 0.02), but had no correlation (P>0.10) with the total intestinally absorbed protein supply. Multiple regression results show that the protein structure á-helix to â-sheet ratio was a better predictor of %dRUP with R² 0.92. The amide I to II ratio was a better predictor of the degraded protein balance with R² 0.93 in the DDGS. In conclusion, the changes in the protein molecular structure á-helix to â-sheet ratio and the amide I to amide II ratio during bioethanol processing (either due to fermentation processing or due to heat drying) were highly associated with estimated protein intestinal digestibility and degraded protein balance, but were not associated with total intestinally absorbed protein supply from the DDGS to dairy cattle. The present study indicates that a potential novel method could be developed based on the protein molecular structure parameters to improve the estimation of protein value after a validation in a large-scale in vivo study is done.
|
['Animal Feed', 'Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena', 'Animals', 'Biofuels', 'Cattle', 'Diet', 'Dietary Proteins', 'Fermentation', 'Protein Conformation', 'Protein Denaturation', 'Triticum', 'Zea mays']
| 20,594,396
|
[['G07.203.300.300.100', 'J02.500.300.100'], ['G07.203.650.161'], ['B01.050'], ['D20.147', 'N06.230.132.644.124'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['G07.203.650.240'], ['D12.776.256', 'G07.203.300.428', 'J02.500.428'], ['G02.111.158.249', 'G03.191.249'], ['G02.111.570.820.709'], ['G01.154.651.750.500', 'G02.111.688.750.500'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.822.918'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.822.966']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
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Facile synthesis of bimetallic nanoplates consisting of Pd cores and Pt shells through seeded epitaxial growth.
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Pd-Pt core-shell nanoplates with hexagonal and triangular shapes were synthesized through the heterogeneous, epitaxial growth of Pt on Pd nanoplates. The Pd nanoplates were synthesized by reducing Na2PdCl4 precursor with PVP as a reducing agent, which then served as seeds for the nucleation of Pt atoms formed by reducing H2PtCl6 with citric acid. Characterization of the as-prepared Pd-Pt nanoplates by scanning transmission electron microscopy and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy reveals that a thin, uniform Pt shell was formed around the Pd nanoplate, demonstrating the layer-by-layer epitaxial growth of Pt on Pd surface in this approach. The close lattice match between Pd and Pt (lattice mismatch of only 0.77%) and the slow reduction rate associated with the mild reducing power of citric acid play key roles in achieving the epitaxial growth of Pt shells on Pd nanoplates.
|
['Furans', 'Microscopy, Electron, Scanning', 'Microscopy, Electron, Transmission', 'Nanostructures', 'Palladium', 'Platinum']
| 18,616,327
|
[['D03.383.312'], ['E01.370.350.515.402.541', 'E05.595.402.541'], ['E01.370.350.515.402.580', 'E05.595.402.580'], ['J01.637.512'], ['D01.268.556.680', 'D01.268.956.718', 'D01.552.544.680'], ['D01.268.556.690', 'D01.268.956.734', 'D01.552.544.690']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
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Endarterectomy for calcified porcelain aorta associated with aortic valve stenosis.
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BACKGROUND: A calcified porcelain aorta may complicate aortic valve insertion and require an alternative, more complex method for valve replacement. The reason for this is that sutures cannot be inserted through the calcific plates in the annulus and ascending aorta.METHODS: In 6 patients with an average age of 73.8 years (range, 65 to 81 years), we performed the simpler procedure of aortic endarterectomy of the calcific plates with the aortic valve replacement. We realized that there may be an increased risk of postoperative complications, particularly stroke. The calcific plates were fractured to allow debridement of the calcium. In addition, an end-arterectomy was performed of the left main coronary ostium in 2 patients, and 5 patients also had coronary artery bypass grafting performed.RESULTS: All 6 patients underwent successful operations without major complications. On follow-up, echocardiography or computed tomographic scans in 3 patients have not shown dilation of the ascending aorta.CONCLUSION: Endarterectomy of the aorta may be an option in the management of patients with calcification of the aorta.
|
['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Aortic Diseases', 'Aortic Valve', 'Aortic Valve Stenosis', 'Calcinosis', 'Coronary Artery Bypass', 'Endarterectomy', 'Female', 'Heart Valve Prosthesis', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Radiography']
| 8,561,542
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['C14.907.109'], ['A07.541.510.110'], ['C14.280.484.048.750', 'C14.280.955.249'], ['C18.452.174.130'], ['E04.100.376.719.332', 'E04.100.814.868.750', 'E04.928.220.520.220'], ['E04.100.814.456'], ['E07.695.310'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C23.550.767'], ['E01.370.350.700']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
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Impact of Early Life Antibiotic Exposure and Neonatal Hyperoxia on the Murine Microbiome and Lung Injury.
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Cross talk between the intestinal microbiome and the lung and its role in lung health remains unknown. Perinatal exposure to antibiotics disrupts the neonatal microbiome and may have an impact on the preterm lung. We hypothesized that perinatal antibiotic exposure leads to long-term intestinal dysbiosis and increased alveolar simplification in a murine hyperoxia model. Pregnant C57BL/6 wild type dams and neonatal mice were treated with antibiotics before and/or immediately after delivery. Control mice received phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). Neonatal mice were exposed to 95% oxygen for 4 days or room air. Microbiome analysis was performed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Pulmonary alveolarization and vascularization were analyzed at postnatal day (PND) 21. Perinatal antibiotic exposure modified intestinal beta diversity but not alpha diversity in neonatal mice. Neonatal hyperoxia exposure altered intestinal beta diversity and relative abundance of commensal bacteria in antibiotic treated mice. Hyperoxia disrupted pulmonary alveolarization and vascularization at PND 21; however, there were no differences in the degree of lung injury in antibiotic treated mice compared to vehicle treated controls. Our study suggests that exposure to both hyperoxia and antibiotics early in life may cause long-term alterations in the intestinal microbiome, but intestinal dysbiosis may not significantly influence neonatal hyperoxic lung injury.
|
['Ampicillin', 'Animals', 'Animals, Newborn', 'Anti-Bacterial Agents', 'Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Dysbiosis', 'Female', 'Gastrointestinal Microbiome', 'Hyperoxia', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Pregnancy', 'Pulmonary Alveoli', 'RNA, Ribosomal, 16S']
| 31,628,395
|
[['D02.065.589.099.750.750.050', 'D02.886.108.750.750.050', 'D03.633.100.300.750.750.050'], ['B01.050'], ['B01.050.050.282'], ['D27.505.954.122.085'], ['C08.381.520.750.500', 'C16.614.521.125'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['C23.550.308'], ['G06.591.375', 'G16.500.275.157.049.100.500.375', 'N06.230.124.049.100.500.250'], ['C23.888.852.567'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['A04.411.715'], ['D13.444.735.686.670']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
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| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
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Sensitive quantitative detection of Ralstonia solanacearum in soil by the most probable number-polymerase chain reaction (MPN-PCR) method.
|
We developed a sensitive quantitative assay for detecting Ralstonia solanacearum in soil by most probable number (MPN) analysis based on bio-PCR results. For development of the detection method, we optimized an elution buffer containing 5 g/L skim milk for extracting bacteria from soil and reducing contamination of polymerase inhibitors in soil extracts. Because R. solanacearum can grow in water without any added nutrients, we used a cultivation buffer in the culture step of the bio-PCR that contained only the buffer and antibiotics to suppress the growth of other soil microorganisms. To quantify the bacterial population in soil, the elution buffer was added to 10 g soil on a dry weight basis so that the combined weight of buffer, soil, and soil-water was 50 g; 5 mL of soil extract was assumed to originate from 1 g of soil. The soil extract was divided into triplicate aliquots each of 5 mL and 500, 50, and 5 ìL. Each aliquot was diluted with the cultivation buffer and incubated at 35 °C for about 24 h. After incubation, 5 ìL of culture was directly used for nested PCR. The number of aliquots showing positive results was collectively checked against the MPN table. The method could quantify bacterial populations in soil down to 3 cfu/10 g dried soil and was successfully applied to several types of soil. We applied the method for the quantitative detection of R. solanacearum in horticultural soils, which could quantitatively detect small populations (9.3 cfu/g), but the semiselective media were not able to detect the bacteria.
|
['Bacterial Load', 'Bacteriological Techniques', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Ralstonia solanacearum', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Soil Microbiology', 'Temperature', 'Time Factors']
| 24,584,461
|
[['E01.370.225.875.150.115', 'E01.370.225.875.220.115', 'E05.200.875.150.115', 'E05.200.875.220.115', 'G06.099.100'], ['E01.370.225.875.150', 'E05.200.875.150'], ['E05.393.620.500'], ['B03.660.075.090.688.600.750'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['H01.158.273.540.274.555', 'N06.850.425.300'], ['G01.906.595', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710', 'G16.500.750.775.710', 'N06.230.150.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Lymphocyte activation, iron uptake and release by human mononuclear leukocytes in the presence of desferrioxamine.
|
Desferrioxamine (DFO), an iron chelating drug, has been shown to inhibit the proliferative response of leukocytes to mitogen. In the present study we investigated the effect of DFO on different aspects of human mononuclear leukocyte (MNL) function in vitro. DFO, added at the beginning of the culture period, inhibited both tritiated thymidine and radioiron uptake by phytohemagglutinin-stimulated MNL and the degree of inhibition correlated with the degree of cellular activation, to the extent that in the absence of mitogen a significant stimulatory effect of DFO was observed, especially when iron supplement was present in the culture medium. However DFO was not found to inhibit iron uptake directly, and relatively low concentrations of iron as iron-transferrin totally reversed the inhibitory action of DFO on thymidine uptake. Although the release of iron from preloaded MNL in the presence of DFO was only 15% greater than the spontaneous release of control cultures, we conclude that the site of action of DFO is an intracellular iron pool, that increases in importance when the supply of iron to the cellular iron metabolism become limiting as in optimally activated MNL.
|
['Deferoxamine', 'Humans', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Iron', 'Leukocytes, Mononuclear', 'Lymphocyte Activation', 'Transferrin']
| 3,171,105
|
[['D02.092.570.394.265', 'D02.241.511.372.265'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.481'], ['D01.268.556.412', 'D01.268.956.287', 'D01.552.544.412'], ['A11.118.637.555', 'A15.145.229.637.555', 'A15.382.490.555'], ['E01.370.225.812.482', 'E05.200.812.482', 'E05.478.594.530', 'G12.450.050.400.545', 'G12.565'], ['D12.776.124.050.800', 'D12.776.124.790.223.839', 'D12.776.157.427.750.500', 'D12.776.377.715.182.839', 'D12.776.556.579.750.500']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The majority of clathrin coated vesicles from lactating rabbit mammary gland arises from the secretory pathway.
|
Clathrin coated vesicles were isolated from lactating rabbit mammary gland by differential centrifugation, centrifugation on (2)H2O-sucrose cushions and Sephacryl S-1000 chromatography. Mammary epithelial cells contain an unexpectedly high quantity of clathrin coated vesicles which appear heterogeneous in size, with a mean diameter of 95.9+/-10.5 nm and a density of 1.23 g x ml(-1). Analysis of clathrin coated vesicle adaptor composition by SDS-PAGE and western blot showed that only approximately 5-10% of total APs consist of AP-2 in isolated mammary gland clathrin coated vesicles whereas it represents approximately 70% of the total APs from bovine brain clathrin coated vesicles. Cargo molecules known to be transcytosed such as IgG, IgA, and the pIgR were detected in the clathrin coated vesicles, indicating that part of this vesicle population is involved in transcytotic pathways. However, as the vast majority of the clathrin coated vesicles contained AP-1, it was likely that these clathrin coated vesicles were involved in the secretory pathway. Relatively high quantities of furin and cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor were detected in mammary clathrin coated vesicles. By immuno electron microscopy, AP-1 and the cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor were localized in Golgi-associated vesicles and on the membrane of secretory vesicles. The presence of AP-1 in the coat patches on the membrane of secretory vesicles containing casein micelles, and the presence of alpha(s1)-casein in mammary gland clathrin coated vesicles, support a role for AP-1 in the maturation of secretory vesicles. Our data pinpoint the importance of clathrin coated vesicles in lactating mammary epithelial cells, and suggest these vesicles are involved in the transcytotic pathway, in sorting at the trans-Golgi network and in the biogenesis of casein-containing secretory vesicles.
|
['Adaptor Protein Complex alpha Subunits', 'Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport', 'Animals', 'Biological Transport', 'Brain', 'Cattle', 'Clathrin', 'Coated Vesicles', 'Cytoplasmic Granules', 'Electrophoresis, Agar Gel', 'Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel', 'Epithelial Cells', 'Female', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Intracellular Membranes', 'Lactation', 'Mammary Glands, Animal', 'Membrane Proteins', 'Microscopy, Immunoelectron', 'Rabbits', 'Receptor, IGF Type 2', 'Ultracentrifugation']
| 10,547,368
|
[['D12.776.543.990.150.500.100'], ['D12.776.543.990.150'], ['B01.050'], ['G03.143'], ['A08.186.211'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['D12.776.543.990.200'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.190.880.180'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.500', 'A11.284.430.214.190.875.190.190'], ['E05.196.401.153', 'E05.301.300.100'], ['E05.196.401.402', 'E05.301.300.319'], ['A11.436'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['A11.284.149.450', 'A11.284.835.514'], ['G08.686.523', 'G08.686.702.500'], ['A10.336.482', 'A13.589'], ['D12.776.543'], ['E01.370.350.515.402.625', 'E05.595.402.625'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.968.700'], ['D12.776.543.750.750.400.780.410'], ['E05.181.724', 'E05.196.941']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
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| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
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A plasma membrane pool of cholesteryl esters that may mediate the selective uptake of cholesteryl esters from high-density lipoproteins.
|
Selective uptake of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesteryl esters without parallel uptake of HDL particles occurs by a nonendocytotic pathway that requires no specific apolipoprotein and results in the net delivery of cholesteryl esters to cells. Here we examine a reversibly cell-associated pool of cholesteryl ester tracer and its relationship to selective uptake. A fraction of cholesteryl ester tracer selectively taken up from HDL by rat primary or mouse Y1-BS1 adrenocortical cells was chased from the cells by subsequent incubation with unlabeled HDL. This pool of cholesteryl ester tracer was distinct from that irreversibly internalized, and in excess of that accounted for by dissociation of labeled HDL particles bound to the cell surface. In response to various metabolic effectors, cholesteryl ester tracer in this reversibly cell-associated pool of Y1-BS1 cells correlated linearly with irreversible selective uptake. Both reversibly and irreversibly cell-associated pools of cholesteryl ester tracer displayed similar saturation kinetics for uptake from HDL, and both pools correlated inversely with cell-free cholesterol levels. Cholesteryl ester tracer in the reversible pool was shown to serve as a precursor for irreversible selective uptake. A pool with properties similar to the reversibly cell-associated pool was identified in plasma membrane fractions; enough tracer was incorporated into this pool to account for the reversibly cell-associated pool of intact cells. The data suggest that a pool of cholesteryl esters in the plasma membrane is involved in selective uptake at a step prior to irreversible internalization.
|
['Adrenal Gland Neoplasms', 'Animals', 'Cell Membrane', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Cholesterol Esters', 'Cycloheximide', 'Kinetics', 'Lipoproteins, HDL', 'Mice', 'Oleic Acid', 'Oleic Acids', 'Rats']
| 2,713,387
|
[['C04.588.322.078', 'C19.053.347', 'C19.344.078'], ['B01.050'], ['A11.284.149'], ['A11.251'], ['D04.210.500.247.222.284.200', 'D04.210.500.247.808.197.200', 'D10.570.938.208.250'], ['D03.383.621.808.240'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['D10.532.432', 'D12.776.521.479'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['D10.251.355.325.600.525'], ['D10.251.355.325.600'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Na+ channel accumulation on axolemma of afferent endings in nerve end neuromas in Apteronotus.
|
In mammals, cut sensory axons trapped in a nerve end neuroma have been shown to develop hyperexcitability, and to become a source of ectopic afferent discharge and abnormal sensation. We have explored cellular mechanisms underlying neuroma electrogenesis. First we confirmed that ectopic neuroma discharge develops in injured afferents in the electrosensory lateral line nerve of the weakly electric fish Apteronotus, as it does in mammals. Then, using previously characterized antibodies that specifically recognize Na+ channel proteins in this species, we obtained light and electron microscopic evidence of abnormally intense immunolabelling of axolemma at the injury site. Accumulation of excess Na+ channels in afferent endings in neuromas could account for their electrical hyperexcitability.
|
['Animals', 'Axons', 'Cell Membrane', 'Denervation', 'Electric Fish', 'Electrophysiology', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Microscopy, Electron', 'Myelin Sheath', 'Nerve Regeneration', 'Neuroma', 'Neurons, Afferent', 'Sodium Channels']
| 2,554,205
|
[['B01.050'], ['A08.675.542.145', 'A11.284.180.075', 'A11.671.137', 'A11.671.501.145'], ['A11.284.149'], ['E04.525.210'], ['B01.050.150.900.493.378'], ['H01.158.344.528', 'H01.158.782.236'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['E01.370.350.515.402', 'E05.595.402'], ['A08.637.600.500', 'A08.637.800.500', 'A08.675.542.512.560', 'A08.800.800.690.500', 'A10.755.503', 'A11.284.149.165.600', 'A11.650.600.500', 'A11.650.800.500', 'A11.671.501.512.560', 'A11.671.514.553'], ['G11.561.585', 'G16.762.611'], ['C04.557.580.600.610'], ['A08.675.650', 'A11.671.650'], ['D12.776.157.530.400.875', 'D12.776.543.550.450.875', 'D12.776.543.585.400.875']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
In vitro evaluation of the potential toxic effects of palladium nanoparticles on fibroblasts and lung epithelial cells.
|
Palladium nanoparticles have been increasingly used in catalytic processes, wastewater treatment, electronics, and biomedicine. However, recent evidence proved that these nanoparticles are able to induce adverse effects both in in vitro and in vivo models. Nevertheless, molecular mechanisms underlying the toxic effects are still poorly understood. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the potential toxicological mechanisms of palladium nanoparticles assessing their effects on normal diploid rat fibroblast and lung carcinoma human epithelial cell lines. Several endpoints such as cell growth, cell cycle progression, DNA damage, induction of apoptosis, reactive oxygen species production and expression of cell cycle regulatory proteins were evaluated. Results showed that palladium nanoparticles inhibited cell growth in a dose- and time-dependent manner in both cell lines, although with a more evident action on fibroblasts. Interestingly, inhibition of cell growth was not associated with the induction of apoptosis. Cell cycle progression was arrested in the G0/G1 phase and DNA damage was evident in both cell lines even if only a slight increase in the intracellular reactive oxygen species levels was detected. These findings provide valuable insight into understanding the molecular mechanisms responsible of palladium nanoparticles toxicity whose identification is essential to define an adequate risk assessment process.
|
['A549 Cells', 'Animals', 'Apoptosis', 'Cell Cycle', 'Cell Cycle Proteins', 'Cell Line', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Cell Survival', 'DNA Damage', 'Epithelial Cells', 'Fibroblasts', 'Humans', 'Lung', 'Metal Nanoparticles', 'Palladium', 'Rats', 'Reactive Oxygen Species']
| 28,473,196
|
[['A11.251.210.190.080', 'A11.251.860.180.080', 'A11.436.054'], ['B01.050'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['G04.144'], ['D12.776.167'], ['A11.251.210'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['G04.346'], ['G05.200'], ['A11.436'], ['A11.329.228'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A04.411'], ['J01.637.512.600.500'], ['D01.268.556.680', 'D01.268.956.718', 'D01.552.544.680'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['D01.339.431', 'D01.650.775']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Serotonin reuptake inhibitor-induced sexual dysfunction and its treatment: a large-scale retrospective study of 596 psychiatric outpatients.
|
In the present study, a large-scale retrospective case review was undertaken to assess the incidence and type of sexual dysfunctions associated with serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SRI) therapy, in addition to the effects of three pharmacological antidotes (yohimbine, amantadine, cyproheptadine) on SRI-induced sexual dysfunctions. A retrospective chart review was conducted on 596 patients treated with SRIs in an outpatient psychiatric practice between July 1991 and September 1994. Patients who reported new-onset sexual dysfunction during this time were categorized as having SRI-induced sexual dysfunctions. Sexual difficulties were characterized by type and duration, and the background characteristics and psychiatric diagnoses of all patients were recorded. Psychiatric outcome and sexual functioning at follow-up were independently assessed by a single psychiatrist by means of a 4-point rating scale. Sexual dysfunction symptoms were clearly associated with SRI administration in 97 (16.3%) cases. The most common problems reported were orgasmic delay or anorgasmia and hypoactive sexual desire. Sexual difficulties were more frequent among men (23.4%) and married patients of both sexes (22.3%), whereas psychiatric diagnosis and type of SRI were unrelated to the occurrence of sexual problems. Of the patients with sexual dysfunction, 45 (46.4%) opted for a trial of antidote therapy with yohimbine, amantadine, or cyproheptadine. All three antidotes were found to be safe and relatively effective, although yohimbine was significantly more effective than amantadine or cyproheptadine in reversing SRI-induced sexual dysfunction.
|
['Adult', 'Amantadine', 'Ambulatory Care', 'Aphrodisiacs', 'Cyproheptadine', 'Dopamine Agents', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Mental Disorders', 'Middle Aged', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Serotonin Antagonists', 'Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors', 'Sexual Dysfunctions, Psychological', 'Yohimbine']
| 9,292,832
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D02.455.426.100.050.035'], ['E02.760.106', 'N02.421.585.106'], ['D27.505.696.282.045', 'D27.505.954.427.220.045'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.181.384.340', 'D03.383.621.160', 'D04.615.181.384.340'], ['D27.505.519.625.150', 'D27.505.696.577.150'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F03'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['D27.505.519.625.850.850', 'D27.505.696.577.850.850'], ['D27.505.519.562.437.850', 'D27.505.519.625.600.850', 'D27.505.519.625.850.900', 'D27.505.696.577.600.850', 'D27.505.696.577.850.900'], ['F03.835'], ['D03.132.436.681.933', 'D03.633.100.473.402.681.933', 'D03.633.100.496.500.500.681.933']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
LncRNA HOTAIR controls the expression of Rab22a by sponging miR-373 in ovarian cancer.
|
Increasing evidence suggests that the long non-coding RNA, HOX transcript antisense intergenic RNA (HOTAIR) is widely involved in the progression and metastasis of cancer. However, the specific role of HOTAIR in ovarian carcinogenesis remains to be fully elucidated. In the present study, the levels of HOTAIR were detected in 30 paired cancer and noncancer tissues using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis. The effect of HOTAIR on the ovarian cancer cells was examined by overexpression or small interfering RNA interference experiments. To examine the competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNAs) mechanism, a luciferase reporter assay was used. In patients with ovarian cancer, HOTAIR was significantly upregulated. Furthermore, the upregulation of HOTAIR increased the proliferation, migration and invasion of ovarian cancer cells. By contrast, the knockdown of HOTAIR repressed cell invasion and viability. HOTAIR functioned as a ceRNA, and acted as a sink for microRNA (miR)‑373, thereby regulating the expression of Rab22a. The upregulation of HOTAIR contributed to the malignant progression of ovarian cancer cells. Therefore, the positive regulation between HOTAIR and Rab22a can be partially attributed to the ceRNA regulatory network through miR-373.
|
['Adult', 'Apoptosis', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Cell Movement', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Female', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic', 'Humans', 'MicroRNAs', 'Middle Aged', 'Ovarian Neoplasms', 'RNA, Long Noncoding', 'rab GTP-Binding Proteins']
| 27,484,896
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['G04.198', 'G07.568.500.180'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['G05.308.370'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D13.150.650.319', 'D13.444.735.150.319', 'D13.444.735.790.552.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04.588.322.455', 'C13.351.500.056.630.705', 'C13.351.937.418.685', 'C19.344.410', 'C19.391.630.705'], ['D13.444.735.790.375'], ['D08.811.277.040.330.300.400.400', 'D12.644.360.525.400', 'D12.776.157.325.515.400', 'D12.776.476.525.400']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Removal of Chlorpyrifos by Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) and the Role of a Plant-Associated Bacterium.
|
The objective of this research was to study the efficiency of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) and the role of any plant-associated bacteria in removing chlorpyrifos from water. The relative growth rate (RGR) of E. crassipes in the presence of 0.1 mg/L chlorpyrifos was not significantly different from that in its absence and only slightly decreased at concentrations of 0.5 and 1.0 mg/L by ?1.1- and ?1.2-fold, respectively, with an observed dry weight based RGRDW for E. crassipes of 0.036-0.041 mg/g/d. The removal rate constants of chlorpyrifos in the absence of plants were low at 3.52, 2.29 and 1.84 h(-1) for concentrations of 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 mg/L, respectively, but were some 3.89- to 4.87-fold higher in the presence of E. crassipes. Chlorpyrifos removal was markedly facilitated by the presence of a root-associated bacterium, preliminarily identified as Acinetobacter sp. strain WHA. The interaction of E. crassipes and Acinetobacter sp. strain WHA provide an efficient and ecological alternative to accelerate the removal and degradation of chlorpyrifos pollution from aquatic systems including wastewater.
|
['Acinetobacter', 'Biodegradation, Environmental', 'Chlorpyrifos', 'Eichhornia', 'Plant Roots', 'Waste Disposal, Fluid', 'Water Pollutants, Chemical']
| 25,976,881
|
[['B03.440.400.425.537.050', 'B03.660.250.530.050'], ['N06.230.080.600.500', 'N06.850.460.375.500'], ['D02.705.400.625.100', 'D02.705.539.345.100', 'D02.886.300.692.100'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.827.500'], ['A18.400'], ['N06.850.780.200.800.800.890', 'N06.850.860.510.900.600.900'], ['D27.888.284.903.655']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Clonidine-evoked respiratory effects in anaesthetized rats.
|
The respiratory effects of stimulation of alpha2-adrenergic receptors were studied in spontaneously breathing anaesthetized rats that were neurally intact, or bilaterally vagotomized, or subjected to bilateral combined midcervical vagotomy and section of the carotid sinus nerves. An intravenous clonidine bolus (15 microg kg(-1)) evoked a prolonged slowing of the respiratory rate in all the neural states explored. Vagotomy reduced the early clonidine-evoked decline, but not the augmentation of tidal volume that followed the decline. After section of the carotid sinus nerves, clonidine challenge continued to decrease the respiratory rate, but not the tidal volume. Blockade of alpha2-adrenergic receptors with intravenous doses of SKF 86466 (200 microg kg(-1)) abolished all respiratory effects of the clonidine challenge. In all the neural states studied, clonidine evoked a significant short-lived rise in mean arterial blood pressure followed by a decrease below the respective prechallenge value. The SKF 86466 pretreatment lowered mean arterial blood pressure control values and reduced the magnitude of postclonidine changes. These results indicate that: (i) clonidine-evoked activation of alpha2-adrenergic receptors affects the two components of the breathing pattern differently, and this occurs beyond the lung vagi; and (ii) changes in tidal volume result from excitation of the carotid bodies and are coupled with centrally mediated slowing of the respiratory rhythm.
|
['Adrenergic alpha-Agonists', 'Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists', 'Anesthesia', 'Animals', 'Benzazepines', 'Blood Pressure', 'Carotid Sinus', 'Clonidine', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Injections, Intravenous', 'Lung', 'Male', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-2', 'Respiration', 'Respiratory Center', 'Tidal Volume', 'Time Factors', 'Vagotomy', 'Vagus Nerve']
| 16,282,369
|
[['D27.505.519.625.050.100.100', 'D27.505.696.577.050.100.100'], ['D27.505.519.625.050.200.100', 'D27.505.696.577.050.200.100'], ['E03.155'], ['B01.050'], ['D03.633.100.079'], ['E01.370.600.875.249', 'G09.330.380.076'], ['A07.015.114.186.456'], ['D03.383.129.308.436.500'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['E02.319.267.082.750', 'E02.319.267.530.540'], ['A04.411'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900'], ['D12.776.543.750.670.300.300.300.200', 'D12.776.543.750.695.150.300.300.725', 'D12.776.543.750.720.330.300.300.200'], ['G09.772.705'], ['A08.186.211.132.772.646'], ['E01.370.386.700.485.750.900.350.750', 'G09.772.850.970.500.700'], ['G01.910.857'], ['E04.525.210.105.600.850'], ['A08.800.050.050.925', 'A08.800.050.600.825', 'A08.800.800.060.920', 'A08.800.800.120.900']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Monokine mediated release of intracellular iron in tumor target cells in vitro.
|
Activated macrophages cocultured with tumor cells mediate intracellular iron release in both lytically-sensitive and lytically-resistant targets. The early inhibition of aconitase and loss of intracellular iron in tumor targets upon coincubation with activated macrophages have been proposed to be causally linked. In this report we demonstrate that release of iron may be monokine mediated. The monokine is rapidly released from murine BCG-activated peritoneal macrophages after endotoxin triggering, reaching peak levels in the supernatant within 2-4 hr. The response of the target depends on both the dose of the monokine administered and the duration of its exposure. The monokine is heat-labile and is retained by ultrafiltration on a YM-10 membrane. Iron-release is not mediated by a cytolytic factor secreted by activated macrophages, nor by a factor which causes reversible lesions in the electron transport chain. The molecular weight of the iron-releasing monokine is approximately 50 kD as determined by HPLC gel filtration on Superose 12.
|
['Animals', 'Cell Line', 'Cytotoxicity, Immunologic', 'Endotoxins', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Iron', 'Iron-Sulfur Proteins', 'Macrophage Activation', 'Macrophages', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred Strains', 'Monokines', 'Mycobacterium bovis', 'Neoplasms, Experimental', 'Proteins']
| 3,546,962
|
[['B01.050'], ['A11.251.210'], ['G12.287'], ['D23.946.123.329'], ['E05.481'], ['D01.268.556.412', 'D01.268.956.287', 'D01.552.544.412'], ['D12.776.157.427.374.375', 'D12.776.556.579.374.375'], ['G12.287.500'], ['A11.329.372', 'A11.627.482', 'A11.733.397', 'A15.382.670.522', 'A15.382.680.397'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400'], ['D12.644.276.374.500', 'D12.776.467.374.500', 'D23.529.374.500'], ['B03.510.024.962.500.402', 'B03.510.460.400.410.552.552.402'], ['C04.619', 'E05.598.500.496'], ['D12.776']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Attitudes toward medical and genetic confidentiality in the Saudi research biobank: An exploratory survey.
|
Achieving a balance between giving access to information and respecting donors' confidentiality is a crucial issue for any biobank, with its large number of samples and associated information. Despite the existence of much empirical literature on confidentiality, there are too few surveys in the Middle East about the topic, particularly in the Saudi context. A survey was conducted of 200 respondents at King Abdulaziz Medical City in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, among 5 groups of equal size, comprised of researchers, physicians, medical students, donors and laypersons, respectively. The majority of participants agreed that confidentiality is an important issue and that it is well protected in the Saudi biobank. All 5 groups showed different attitudes toward disclosing information to various third parties. They were in favor of allowing treating physicians, and to a certain extent family members, to have access to medical and genetic results from research. No significant differences were found between views on medical and genetic confidentiality. The majority of respondents agreed that confidentiality might be breached in cases with specific justified reasons. Even considering differences in religion, culture and other factors, the results of the study were consistent with those reported in the literature and research conducted in other countries. We therefore place emphasis on the importance of protecting and promoting patient/donor confidentiality and privacy.
|
['Access to Information', 'Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Attitude', 'Biological Specimen Banks', 'Biomedical Research', 'Confidentiality', 'Female', 'Genetic Privacy', 'Humans', 'Informed Consent', 'Male', 'Medical Records', 'Middle Aged', 'Saudi Arabia', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Young Adult']
| 26,806,715
|
[['I01.880.604.473.352.500.030', 'L01.143.024', 'L01.737.030'], ['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['F01.100'], ['N02.278.065'], ['H01.770.644.145'], ['F04.096.544.335.240', 'I01.880.604.473.650.500', 'I01.880.604.583.080', 'N03.706.437.650.124', 'N03.706.535.230'], ['I01.880.604.473.352.500.320', 'I01.880.604.473.650.500.320', 'I01.880.604.583.080.320', 'N03.706.437.352.500.320', 'N03.706.437.650.124.320', 'N03.706.535.230.320'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['I01.880.604.473.650.718', 'I01.880.604.583.427', 'N03.706.437.650.312', 'N03.706.535.489'], ['E05.318.308.940.968', 'N04.452.859.564', 'N05.715.360.300.715.500', 'N06.850.520.308.940.968'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['Z01.252.245.500.750'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Cardiovascular Disease Risk Among Young Urban Women.
|
BACKGROUND: Although young women are presumed to have low cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk and mortality, the mortality benefits secondary to ischemic heart disease have plateaued among young women, <50 years.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Women, 18-49 years (n = 595) among all participants (n = 1,045) in the Columbia University Heart Health in Action Study, were assessed for CVD risk burden, that is, presence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, current tobacco use, hyperlipidemia, physical inactivity, and/or obesity. Anthropometrics (height, weight, waist circumference, and body mass index [BMI]); demographics; socioeconomic status, CVD risk factors, body size perception; knowledge and awareness of CV disease; and attitudes toward lifestyle perception were determined.RESULTS: Most were Hispanic (64.0%); non-Hispanic white (20.0%); or non-Hispanic black (8.7%), age = 35.9 ± 8.0 years. BMI was categorized as obese (?30 kg/m2, 27.0%; 160/592); overweight (25.0-29.1 kg/m2, 29.1%; 172/592); normal weight (18.5-24.9, 41.7%; 247/592); and underweight (?18.4; 2.2%; 13/592). More than half (57.9%; 337/582) had CVD risks: 45.9% (267/582) had >1 CVD risk factor exclusive of obesity, including physical inactivity (18.4%), hypertension (17.2%), hyperlipidemia (11.3%), current tobacco use (9.8%), and diabetes (5.6%). Regardless of CVD risk burden, most knew blood pressure, blood sugar, and cholesterol. Women with increased CVD risk burden, however, were less likely to correctly identify body size (53.3% vs. 66.1%, p = 0.002). Obese and overweight women with CVD risk factors exclusive of obesity were more likely to cite cost (23.4% vs. 10.7%, p = 0.003) and fatigue (32.2% vs. 18.8%, p = 0.006) as barriers to weight loss.CONCLUSION: Among these young women, the majority had CVD risks and the CVD risk burden is high among young women, particularly among the overweight and obese and physically inactive. Strategies to encourage healthy lifestyles and reduce CVD risk factors among this vulnerable at-risk population are vital.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Anthropometry', 'Diabetes Mellitus', 'Ethnic Groups', 'Female', 'Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice', 'Health Status Disparities', 'Healthy Lifestyle', 'Humans', 'Hyperlipidemias', 'Hypertension', 'Logistic Models', 'Middle Aged', 'Overweight', 'Risk Factors', 'Self Report', 'Socioeconomic Factors', 'United States', 'Urban Population', 'Young Adult']
| 27,058,670
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['E01.370.600.024', 'E05.041', 'N06.850.505.200.100'], ['C18.452.394.750', 'C19.246'], ['M01.686.754', 'N01.224.317'], ['F01.100.150.500', 'N05.300.150.410'], ['I01.240.425.675', 'N01.224.425.437', 'N06.850.505.400.425.675'], ['F01.829.458.205'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C18.452.584.500.500'], ['C14.907.489'], ['E05.318.740.500.525', 'E05.318.740.600.800.450', 'E05.318.740.750.450', 'E05.599.835.875', 'N05.715.360.750.530.480', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.450', 'N05.715.360.750.695.470', 'N06.850.520.830.500.525', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.450', 'N06.850.520.830.750.450'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C23.888.144.699', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120.699', 'G07.100.100.160.120.699'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['E05.318.308.980.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.500'], ['I01.880.853.996', 'N01.824'], ['Z01.107.567.875'], ['N01.600.900'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
[Subcellular localization, inhibiting specificity and catalytic properties of several aminooxidases from the human placenta].
|
Human placenta was shown to contain practically all known types of aminooxidase, i.e., Membrane-bound and soluble monoamine oxidases A that predominantly oxidize serotonin (Km approximately 0.05 and 0.2 mM) and tyramine (Km approximately 0.03 and 0.085 mM), partly oxidize phenylethylamine (Km approximately 0.013 and 0.1 mM) and slightly oxidize benzylamine; Monoamine oxidase B and its intermediate form, B', with equal sensitivity towards the inhibitors, Lilly 51641 and deprenyl. The main substrates for these enzymes are phenylethylamine (Km = 0.011 mM for the membrane-bound and 0.019 mM for the soluble enzymes); Membrane-bound and soluble benzylamine oxidases that are stable to MAO inhibitors but are highly labile towards semicarbazide and aminoguanidine and that predominantly oxidize benzylamine. The Km value for the soluble enzyme is 0.19 mM, its specific activity is 0.058 nmol aldehyde/min/mg protein, which markedly exceeds that for serum benzylamine oxidase (i.e., 0.014 nmol/min/mg) and thus excludes its serum origin; Diamine oxidase that oxidizes putrescine (Km = 0.025 mM), histamine and cadaverine and only slightly oxidizes benzylamine. One characteristic feature of the placenta is the presence of soluble MAO as well as MAO incorporated into the endoplasmic reticulum membrane (microsomes). In all probability, these enzymes are precursors of the mitochondrial enzyme. The concentration of MAO A in the mitochondria is approximately 1.3%, that in microsomes--approximately 1%, kcat = 270 and 320 min-1, respectively.
|
['Benzylamine Oxidase', 'Cadaverine', 'Female', 'Histamine', 'Humans', 'Kinetics', 'Monoamine Oxidase', 'Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors', 'Oxidation-Reduction', 'Phenethylamines', 'Placenta', 'Pregnancy', 'Serotonin', 'Subcellular Fractions', 'Substrate Specificity', 'Tyramine']
| 3,986,244
|
[['D08.811.682.664.750.100'], ['D02.092.211.415.261', 'D02.092.782.258.174'], ['D02.092.211.215.501', 'D02.092.471.440', 'D03.383.129.308.373', 'D23.469.050.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['D08.811.682.664.750'], ['D27.505.519.389.616'], ['G02.700', 'G03.295.531'], ['D02.092.471.683'], ['A16.710'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['D02.092.211.215.801.852', 'D03.633.100.473.914.814', 'D23.469.050.650'], ['A11.284.835'], ['G02.111.835'], ['D02.092.211.215.811']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Ultrasonic purification of Bridge anticoagulant neutralizing agent (BANA) and a study on its effect on factor VIII inhibitor.
|
Ether precipitation of globulins from the supernatant fraction of prothrombin complex concentrate, followed by adsorption on tricalcium phosphate and elution gives a beta2 fraction termed Bridge anticoagulant neutralizing agent (BANA). Although this is completely free of all known blood clotting factors, it improves recalcification time, PTT and thromboplastin generation of hemophilic plasma. It also counteracts the effect of factor VIII inhibitor. Ultrasonic elution produced more activity per mg N than did citrate elution. The possibility is discussed of incorporating BANA preparation in the routine fractionation of plasms without reduction in the yield of factor VIII or prothrombin comples concentrate.
|
['Coagulants', 'Factor VIII', 'Humans', 'Methods', 'Ultrasonics']
| 432,913
|
[]
|
[]
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
"Poor Insight": A Capacity Perspective on Treatment Refusal in Serious Mental Illness.
|
For several decades, a protection standard has prevailed in determining the conditions under which a mental health provider, in concert with state authority, might intrude upon the civil rights of a person with serious mental illness. This approach contrasts with a treatment standard that guides consideration and assessment of incapacity in all other branches of medicine. This Open Forum examines the rationale, goals, and limits associated with involuntary intervention in serious mental illness compared with the rest of medicine. The authors believe that reviving a treatment standard that focuses on capacity among persons with serious mental illness would help build bridges between psychiatry and general medicine, between patients and providers, and between illness and recovery.
|
['Amputation', 'Cellulitis', 'Humans', 'Leg', 'Legal Guardians', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Osteomyelitis', 'Schizophrenia', 'Treatment Refusal']
| 27,181,738
|
[['E04.555.080'], ['C01.800.130', 'C01.830.200', 'C17.300.185', 'C23.550.470.756.200'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A01.378.610.500'], ['M01.380'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C01.160.495', 'C05.116.165.495'], ['F03.700.750'], ['F01.100.150.750.750', 'F01.145.488.887.750', 'I01.880.604.473.650.968', 'N03.706.437.650.875', 'N05.300.150.800.750']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
The á1
|
Cone snails use separately evolved venoms for prey capture and defence. While most use a harpoon for prey capture, the Gastridium clade that includes the well-studied Conus geographus and Conus tulipa, have developed a net hunting strategy to catch fish. This unique feeding behaviour requires secretion of "nirvana cabal" peptides to dampen the escape response of targeted fish allowing for their capture directly by mouth. However, the active components of the nirvana cabal remain poorly defined. In this study, we evaluated the behavioural effects of likely nirvana cabal peptides on the teleost model, Danio rerio (zebrafish). Surprisingly, the conantokins (NMDA receptor antagonists) and/or conopressins (vasopressin receptor agonists and antagonists) found in C. geographus and C. tulipa venom failed to produce a nirvana cabal-like effect in zebrafish. In contrast, low concentrations of the non-competitive adrenoceptor antagonist ñ-TIA found in C. tulipa venom (EC50 = 190 nM) dramatically reduced the escape response of zebrafish larvae when added directly to aquarium water. ñ-TIA inhibited the zebrafish á1-adrenoceptor, confirming ñ-TIA has the potential to reverse the known stimulating effects of norepinephrine on fish behaviour. ñ-TIA may act alone and not as part of a cabal, since it did not synergise with conopressins and/or conantokins. This study highlights the importance of using ecologically relevant animal behaviour models to decipher the complex neurobiology underlying the prey capture and defensive strategies of cone snails.
|
['Adrenergic alpha-1 Receptor Antagonists', 'Animals', 'Conus Snail', 'Escape Reaction', 'Mollusk Venoms', 'Predatory Behavior', 'Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-1', 'Zebrafish', 'Zebrafish Proteins']
| 31,780,714
|
[['D27.505.519.625.050.200.100.100', 'D27.505.696.577.050.200.100.100'], ['B01.050'], ['B01.050.500.644.400.275'], ['F01.145.113.780.688', 'F01.145.367', 'F01.145.875.439.500.688', 'G07.568.500.590.688', 'G11.427.410.568.850.688'], ['D20.888.590', 'D23.946.580.590', 'D23.946.833.590'], ['F01.145.113.111.600', 'F01.145.113.252.520'], ['D12.776.543.750.670.300.300.300.100', 'D12.776.543.750.695.150.300.300.700', 'D12.776.543.750.720.330.300.300.100'], ['B01.050.150.900.493.200.244.828'], ['D12.776.325.500']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The effect of community-based health insurance on the utilization of modern health care services: evidence from Burkina Faso.
|
OBJECTIVE: To quantify the impact of community-based health insurance (CBI) on utilization of health care services in rural Burkina Faso.METHODS: Propensity score matching was used to minimise the observed baseline differences in the characteristics of insured and uninsured groups such that the observed difference in healthcare utilisation could generally be attributed to the CBI.RESULTS: Compared with those who were not enrolled in the CBI, the overall increase in outpatient visits given illness in the insured group was about 40% higher, while the differential effect on utilization of inpatient care between insured and non-insured groups was insignificant. Not only were the very poor less likely to enroll in CBI, but even once insured, they were less likely to utilize health services compared to their wealthier counterparts.CONCLUSIONS: The overall effect of CBI on health care utilization is significant and positive but the benefit of CBI is not equally enjoyed by all socioeconomic groups. The policy implications are: (a) there is a need to subsidize the premium to favor the enrolment of the very poor; and (b) various measures need to be placed in order to maximize the population's capacity to enjoy the benefits of insurance once insured.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Burkina Faso', 'Community Networks', 'Female', 'Health Services', 'Humans', 'Insurance, Health', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Young Adult']
| 19,036,467
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['Z01.058.290.190.245'], ['I01.880.853.500.300', 'L01.313.500.750.300.184', 'N02.421.143.202'], ['N02.421'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N03.219.521.576.343'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
The Troms? study: the prevalence of exercise-induced silent myocardial ischaemia and relation to risk factors for coronary heart disease in an apparently healthy population.
|
A random population sample of 294 men and 312 women aged 20-64 years, all apparently healthy, were examined following a screening to determine the prevalence of silent ischaemia and its relations to coronary risk factors. Based on exercise testing, the prevalence of silent ischaemia was 2.5% in men and 3.4% in women. In men, silent ischaemia was positively related to systolic blood pressure (P less than 0.001). The other risk factors did not show any significant associations with silent ischaemia. However, the men with silent ischaemia had a higher coronary heart disease risk score, and a tendency towards more symptoms and signs suggesting a poorer health status than the other men and the women. In the 21 men classified as 'hypertensives', silent ischaemia was more common than in the normotensive men (14% versus 2%, P less than 0.001). No such difference was observed in women. In conclusion, silent ischaemia may be a sign of hypertension and a generally increased risk of coronary heart disease in men, but probably not in the majority of women. This further supports that exercise electrocardiography has no role in screening asymptomatic persons for coronary heart disease, probably with the exception of middle-aged men with an increased risk.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Blood Pressure', 'Coronary Disease', 'Electrocardiography', 'Exercise Test', 'Female', 'Health Status', 'Humans', 'Hypertension', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Norway', 'Prevalence', 'Regression Analysis', 'Risk Factors', 'Sex Factors']
| 1,623,859
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E01.370.600.875.249', 'G09.330.380.076'], ['C14.280.647.250', 'C14.907.585.250'], ['E01.370.370.380.240', 'E01.370.405.240'], ['E01.370.370.380.250', 'E01.370.386.700.250', 'E05.333.250'], ['I01.240.425', 'N01.224.425', 'N06.850.505.400.425'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C14.907.489'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['Z01.542.816.374'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['E05.318.740.750', 'N05.715.360.750.695', 'N06.850.520.830.750'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['N05.715.350.675', 'N06.850.490.875']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Single-feature inking and stamping: a versatile approach to molecular patterning.
|
A technique for micrometer-scale patterning of multiple functional biological molecules on surfaces is demonstrated. The technique is referred to as single-feature inking and stamping (SFINKS). It combines elements of dip-pen nanolithography and microcontact printing. "Inked" atomic force microscopy probes are used to ink individual features of an elastomer stamp. From a single stamp, we printed three different probe ssDNA with <10 mum resolution and showed that they specifically hybridize the complementary DNA labeled with different fluorophores. As a further demonstration of SFINKS' versatility, we patterned a silane onto a silicon wafer consisting of four subpatterns separated by >100 mum and composed of 2 mum lines. We discuss why patterns such as these are impractical with available techniques. Furthermore, we comment on the prospects for multiple stamping after a single inking.
|
['Biomimetic Materials', 'DNA, Single-Stranded', 'Microscopy, Fluorescence', 'Nanotechnology', 'Oligonucleotides', 'Pattern Recognition, Automated']
| 15,669,842
|
[['J01.637.087'], ['D13.444.308.497', 'G02.111.570.820.486.437', 'G05.360.580.437'], ['E01.370.350.515.458', 'E05.595.458'], ['H01.603', 'J01.897.520.600'], ['D13.695.578.424'], ['L01.399.750']]
|
['Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Influence of humidity and setting time on the push-out strength of mineral trioxide aggregate obturations.
|
The aim of this study is to assess how a wet environment curing affects the retention characteristics of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), and also to determine the time needed for curing. MTA obturations were carried out in perforated dentine slices and cured under different conditions (presence or absence of humidity and several time intervals). The obturations were then subjected to an increasing mechanical strength until they were displaced from the perforations. The push-out strength was determined as the ration of the dislodging force to the MTA-dentine contact surface. The influence of the different curing conditions on the push-out strength was then analyzed for statistical significance. Humidity significantly increased the push-out strength of MTA obturations. The effect of curing time depended on humidity: while in the absence of humidity the push-out strength did not increase after 3 days, in the presence of humidity a lengthening of the curing time up to 21 days produced a moderate increase over and above the large initial increase obtained in the first 3 days.
|
['Aluminum Compounds', 'Calcium Compounds', 'Dental Stress Analysis', 'Dentin', 'Drug Combinations', 'Humans', 'Humidity', 'Materials Testing', 'Oxides', 'Root Canal Filling Materials', 'Root Canal Obturation', 'Silicates', 'Time Factors']
| 16,934,637
|
[['D01.056'], ['D01.146'], ['E06.308'], ['A14.549.167.900.280'], ['D26.310'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G16.500.275.063.725.310', 'G16.500.750.775.310', 'N06.230.150.372', 'N06.230.300.100.725.310'], ['E05.570'], ['D01.248.497.158.685', 'D01.650.550'], ['D25.339.859', 'J01.637.051.339.859'], ['E06.397.778.778'], ['D01.578.725', 'D01.837.725.700.760'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Oral and genital human herpesvirus 8 and human papillomavirus in heterosexual partners.
|
BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to verify a possible co-infection of human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) in commonly associated human papillomavirus (HPV) penile lesions and to determine the frequency of detection of these viruses in the oral mucosa of their female counterparts.METHODS: Thirty-one male subjects underwent penile swabs from clinical HPV-related lesions. Their female counterparts underwent swabs of the vagina, uterine cervix, and oral mucosa. HPV and HHV-8 detection was performed by polymerase chain reaction using the consensus primers MY11/MY09 and KS1/KS2, respectively.RESULTS: HPV DNA was detected in 31/31 penile lesions. HPV DNA was also detected in 18/31 (58%) female genital brushings and 17/31 (54%) female oral brushings. HHV-8 DNA was detected in 1/31 (3.2%) male genital brushings and 3/31 (9.6%) female oral mucosa brushings. None of the female genital brushings were HHV-8 DNA-infected.CONCLUSIONS: Based upon the results of this study, co-infection between HPV and HHV-8 in malignant and pre-malignant penile lesions is an unlikely finding.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Alphapapillomavirus', 'Carcinoma, Squamous Cell', 'Chi-Square Distribution', 'Coinfection', 'Female', 'Genitalia, Female', 'Herpesviridae Infections', 'Herpesvirus 8, Human', 'Heterosexuality', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Mouth Mucosa', 'Papillomavirus Infections', 'Penile Neoplasms', 'Sarcoma, Kaposi', 'Sexual Partners', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Virus Shedding', 'Young Adult']
| 22,680,306
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['B04.280.210.655.050', 'B04.613.204.655.050'], ['C04.557.470.200.400', 'C04.557.470.700.400'], ['E05.318.740.994.300', 'G17.820.300', 'N05.715.360.750.750.200', 'N06.850.520.830.994.300'], ['C01.218'], ['A05.360.319'], ['C01.925.256.466'], ['B04.280.210.400.700.330', 'B04.280.382.400.700.330', 'B04.613.204.500.700.330'], ['F01.145.802.975.400', 'G08.686.867.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['A10.615.550.599', 'A14.549.512'], ['C01.925.256.650', 'C01.925.928.725'], ['C04.588.945.440.715', 'C12.294.260.500', 'C12.294.494.591', 'C12.758.409.500'], ['C01.925.256.466.860', 'C04.557.450.795.850', 'C04.557.645.750'], ['M01.778'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['G07.925'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Sensitization of tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer cells by Z-ligustilide through inhibiting autophagy and accumulating DNA damages.
|
Autophagy plays a pro-survival role in the tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer cells. Herein we found that autophagy was concomitantly induced in tamoxifen-resistant MCF-7 (MCF-7TR5) cells through the dissociation of Bcl-2 from Beclin 1 and subsequent enhancement of interaction among the ATG14-Beclin1-PI3KC3 complex. Moreover, higher level of DNA damage was observed in MCF-7TR5 cells with the decreased BRCA1 and RAD51 level and the increased Ku80 level. Interestingly, Nur77 was selectively degraded by autophagy, which causes the release of Ku80 from the Nur77-Ku80 complex, resulting in the increase of the DNA binding of Ku80 and DNA-PKcs. Meanwhile, Z-ligustilide, a phthalide compound from Radix Angelica sinensis, was shown to inhibit the autophagic flux by blocking the autophagosome-lysosome fusion. Importantly, Z-ligustilide-mediated autophagy inhibition restored Nur77 expression in MCF-7TR5 cells. Furthermore, Z-ligustilide promoted the interaction of Nur77 with Ku80 and thereby abolished the association of DNA-PKcs with DNA ends. Moreover, Z-ligustilide sensitized MCF-7TR5 cells in a caspase-independent cell death and enhanced the DNA damage caused by tamoxifen, which was found to be attenuated by shNur77. Together, these findings not only provide important insights into the formation of tamoxifen resistance in breast cancer cells, but also suggest Z-ligustilide may function as a novel autophagy inhibitor to overcome chemoresistance.
|
['4-Butyrolactone', 'Autophagy', 'Breast Neoplasms', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'DNA Damage', 'Female', 'Humans', 'MCF-7 Cells']
| 28,431,397
|
[['D02.540.150', 'D03.383.312.150'], ['G04.011'], ['C04.588.180', 'C17.800.090.500'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['G05.200'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A11.251.210.190.630']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Sensory features as predictors of adaptive behaviors: A comparative longitudinal study of children with autism spectrum disorder and other developmental disabilities.
|
BACKGROUND: Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and other developmental disabilities (DD) exhibit sensory features that differ from their typically developing peers. Prior cross-sectional research has demonstrated significant associations between elevated sensory features and lower adaptive behavior scores, yet there is limited prospective research examining longitudinal associations.AIMS: To examine the longitudinal prediction of early sensory response patterns (i.e., hyperresponsiveness, hyporesponsiveness, and sensory interests, repetitions, and seeking behaviors) to later adaptive behavior outcomes in children with ASD and DD.METHODS AND PROCEDURES: Children with ASD (n = 51) and DD (n = 30) were seen at two time points (Time 1: M(SD) = 5.6(2.5) years; Time 2: M(SD) = 9.0(2.2) years). We used a series of regression models with both observational and parent-report measures of sensory response patterns, and including group interactions.OUTCOMES AND RESULTS: All three sensory response patterns significantly predicted aspects of adaptive behaviors, with some differences based on assessment format and diagnostic group. Across groups and sensory patterns, we found some evidence that elevated sensory features early in childhood predicted lower adaptive behavior skills later in childhood.CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: Sensory features may interfere with development of adaptive behaviors, suggesting a need for effective interventions addressing sensory features early in development.
|
['Adaptation, Psychological', 'Autism Spectrum Disorder', 'Child', 'Child Behavior', 'Child, Preschool', 'Developmental Disabilities', 'Early Intervention, Educational', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Mental Processes', 'Prognosis']
| 30,060,977
|
[['F01.058'], ['F03.625.164.113'], ['M01.060.406'], ['F01.145.179'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['F03.625.421'], ['N02.421.143.130.320', 'N02.421.726.320'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F02.463'], ['E01.789']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Cardiac Damage Biomarkers and Heart Rate Variability Following a 118-Km Mountain Race: Relationship with Performance and Recovery.
|
This study aimed to assess the release of cardiac damage biomarkers jointly with cardiac autonomic modulation after a mountain ultramarathon. Such knowledge and the possible relationship of these markers with race time is of primary interest to establish possible recommendations upon athletes' recovery and return to training following these competitions. Forty six athletes enrolled in the Penyagolosa Trails CSP115 race (118 km and a total positive elevation of 5439 m) took part in the study. N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and high-sensitive cardiac troponin T (hs-TNT) concentrations as well as linear and nonlinear heart rate variability (HRV) were evaluated before and after the race. NT-proBNP and hs-TNT significantly increased post-race; fifty percent of the finishers surpassed the Upper Reference Limit (URL) for hs-TNT while 87% exceeded the URL for NT-proBNP. Overall and vagally-mediated HRV were diminished and cardiac autonomic modulation became less complex and more predictable following the race. More pronounced vagal modulation decreases were associated with higher levels of postexertional NT-proBNP. Moreover, rise in hs-TNT and NT-proBNP was greater among faster runners, while pre-race overall and vagally-mediated HRV were correlated with finishing time. Participation in a 118-km ultratrail induces an acute release of cardiac damage biomarkers and a large alteration of cardiac autonomic modulation. Furthermore, faster runners were those who exhibited a greater rise in those cardiac damage biomarkers. In light of these findings, an appropriate recovery period after ultraendurance races appears prudent and particularly important among better performing athletes. At the same time, HRV analysis is shown as a promising tool to assess athletes' readiness to perform at their maximum level in an ultraendurance race.
|
['Adult', 'Biomarkers', 'Heart Rate', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Natriuretic Peptide, Brain', 'Peptide Fragments', 'Physical Endurance', 'Running', 'Troponin T', 'Vagus Nerve']
| 31,827,345
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D23.101'], ['E01.370.600.875.500', 'G09.330.380.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D06.472.699.584.625', 'D12.644.548.585.625', 'D12.776.631.590'], ['D12.644.541'], ['G11.427.680', 'I03.450.642.845.054.600'], ['G11.427.410.568.610', 'G11.427.410.698.277.750', 'I03.350.750', 'I03.450.642.845.610'], ['D05.500.945.962', 'D05.750.078.730.825.962', 'D12.776.210.500.910.962', 'D12.776.220.525.825.962'], ['A08.800.050.050.925', 'A08.800.050.600.825', 'A08.800.800.060.920', 'A08.800.800.120.900']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
The effects of precompetition massage on the kinematic parameters of 20-m sprint performance.
|
The purpose of this study was to investigate what effect precompetition massage has on short-term sprint performance. Twenty male collegiate games players, with a minimum training/playing background of 3 sessions per week, were assigned to a randomized, counter-balanced, repeated-measures designed experiment used to analyze 20-m sprints performance. Three discrete warm-up modalities, consisting of precompetition massage, a traditional warm-up, and a precompetition massage combined with a traditional warm-up were used. Massage consisted of fast, superficial techniques designed to stimulate the main muscle groups associated with sprint running. Twenty-meter sprint performance and core temperature were assessed post warm-up interventions. Kinematic differences between sprints were assessed through a 2-dimensional computerized motion analysis system (alpha level p <or= 0.05). Results indicated that sprint times in the warm-up and massage combined with warm-up conditions were significantly faster than massage alone. Also, step rate and mean knee velocity were found to be significantly greater in the warm-up and massage combined with warm-up modalities when compared to massage alone. No significant differences were demonstrated in any measures when the warm-up and massage and warm-up combined conditions were compared. Massage as a preperformance preparation strategy seems to decrease 20-m sprint performance when compared to a traditional warm-up, although its combination with a normal active warm-up seems to have no greater benefit then active warm-up alone. Therefore, massage use prior to competition is questionable because it appears to have no effective role in improving sprint performance.
|
['Adult', 'Athletic Performance', 'Biomechanical Phenomena', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Massage', 'Running']
| 20,386,129
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['I03.450.642.845.054'], ['G01.154.090', 'G01.374.089'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.190.599.750.750', 'E02.779.867.880.750', 'E02.831.535.867.880.750'], ['G11.427.410.568.610', 'G11.427.410.698.277.750', 'I03.350.750', 'I03.450.642.845.610']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
[Validity of the Keith Edwards scoring system for the diagnosis of childhood pulmonary tuberculosis].
|
INTRODUCTION: The diagnosis of childhood pulmonary tuberculosis remains a challenge. The effectiveness of the Keith Edwards scoring system used to diagnose tuberculosis is controversial. We evaluated this scoring system in the present study.METHODS: A prospective randomized study was conducted between March 2008 and December 2011 at the Kimpese General Evangelical Hospital in the Democratic Republic of Congo. The results of the Keith Edwards score were considered for the 161 children (100 pulmonary tuberculosis and 61 case controls) who were enrolled in the study. The association between different parameters and the score and between these parameters and pulmonary tuberculosis were statistically analyzed using univariate and multivariate tests.RESULTS: Eighty-five (85%) out of the 100 children diagnosed as having pulmonary tuberculosis and 20 (32.8%) of the case controls had a positive score. The age of the patient, duration of the disease, nutritional status, tuberculosis contact, positive tuberculin skin test, and lymph node enlargement showed a significant statistical association with the score and pulmonary tuberculosis (P<0.05). The score's sensitivity and specificity were 85% and 67.2%, respectively. The positive predictive value and negative predictive value were found to be 80.9% and 73.2%, respectively. The positive likelihood ratio was 2.57, the negative likelihood ratio was 0.22, and overall agreement was 76.1%.CONCLUSION: The Keith Edwards score could be good tool for public health purposes, but it might be less effective for individual diagnosis of childhood pulmonary tuberculosis because of low specificity. Further studies are required to evaluate and validate the diagnostic value of clinical and radiological symptoms in childhood pulmonary tuberculosis.
|
['Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Decision Support Techniques', 'Democratic Republic of the Congo', 'Developing Countries', 'Diagnostic Techniques, Respiratory System', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Male', 'Mass Screening', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Probability', 'Prospective Studies', 'Tuberculosis, Pulmonary']
| 24,309,200
|
[['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['E05.245', 'L01.313.500.750.190'], ['Z01.058.290.100.220'], ['I01.615.500.300'], ['E01.370.386'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['E01.370.500', 'E05.318.308.980.438.580', 'N02.421.726.233.443', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.580', 'N06.850.780.500'], ['E05.318.370.800.650', 'N05.715.360.325.700.640', 'N06.850.520.445.800.650'], ['E05.318.740.600', 'G17.680', 'N05.715.360.750.625', 'N06.850.520.830.600'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['C01.150.252.410.040.552.846.899', 'C01.748.939', 'C08.381.922', 'C08.730.939']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Knowledge and perception of young adults in Nigeria on effectiveness of condom use in prevention of sexually transmitted infections.
|
BACKGROUND: Although sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are a global health problem affecting every region of the world, the higher prevalence and mortality rate of STIs in developing countries of the world, like Nigeria, make them serious public health issues in this region.OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to assess the knowledge and perception of young adults in Nigeria on the role of condom (both male and female condoms) as a preventive measure against STIs during heterosexual and homosexual intercourse.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data was collected from participants selected from the northern and southern Nigeria using self-administered questionnaire specifically designed for this study.RESULTS: Knowledge of condom efficacy in STI prevention was satisfactory. However, knowledge and practice of the correct use of condom was poor. Only 47.1% of the 102 participants in this study reported correct condom use of wearing condoms before staring intercourse and removing condoms after ejaculation. As a strategy to include the experiences, knowledge and perception of men who have sex with men, this study asked the question on condom use during anal sex. Only 24.4% of the male participants indicated they have never had anal sex while for females, the percentage was more than half (53.5%). Condom use during anal sex was low with only 20.6% of participants reporting condom use during anal sex. Negative perceptions about condom use - such as that condom use promotes sexual promiscuity, and not using condoms with steady sexual partners - were significant in this study. Also, condom use errors were common in this study.CONCLUSION: There is a wide gap in knowledge of correct condom use in this population. There is need for interventions that address the issue of condom use during anal and same-sex sexual intercourse in this population.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Condoms', 'Contraception Behavior', 'Female', 'Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice', 'Heterosexuality', 'Homosexuality', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Nigeria', 'Safe Sex', 'Sexual Behavior', 'Sexually Transmitted Diseases', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Young Adult']
| 26,536,574
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['E07.190.270.150'], ['F01.145.688.500', 'G08.686.784.891.500'], ['F01.100.150.500', 'N05.300.150.410'], ['F01.145.802.975.400', 'G08.686.867.400'], ['F01.145.802.975.500', 'G08.686.867.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.058.290.190.565'], ['F01.145.802.845'], ['F01.145.802'], ['C01.221.812', 'C01.778', 'C12.294.668', 'C13.351.500.711', 'C23.550.291.531.937'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Gender-Affirming Pharmacological Interventions for Youth With Gender Dysphoria: When Treatment Guidelines Are Not Enough.
|
Youth with gender dysphoria, also known as transgender youth, are increasingly presenting to multidisciplinary clinics within academic pediatric centers across the United States. Gender-affirming pharmacological interventions for adolescents with gender dysphoria may be used to promote positive psychological well-being and mental health outcomes. Interventions range from completely reversible to partially irreversible, based on the age and sexual maturity of the adolescent. For each intervention, dilemmas and controversies exist regarding age at treatment initiation, treatment duration, safety, and cost. Pharmacists' awareness of these considerations and interventions is important when providing evidence-based gender-affirming care to this underserved population.
|
['Adolescent', 'Female', 'Gender Dysphoria', 'Gender Identity', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Transgender Persons']
| 28,660,776
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['F03.835.550'], ['F01.393.446.250', 'F01.752.747.385.200', 'F01.752.747.722.200', 'F02.739.794.793.200'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.777.500']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Emerging Trends in Clinical Research: With Implications for Population Health and Health Policy.
|
Policy Points: Significant advances in clinical medicine that have broader societal relevance may be less accessible to population health researchers and policymakers because of increased specialization within fields. We describe important recent clinical advances and discuss their broader societal impact. These advances include more expansive strategies for disease prevention, the rise of precision medicine, applications of human microbiome research, and new and highly successful treatments for hepatitis C infection. These recent developments in clinical research raise important issues surrounding health care costs and equitable resource allocation that necessitate an ongoing dialogue among the fields of clinical medicine, population health, and health policy.CONTEXT: Developments in clinical medicine have important implications for population health, and there is a need for interdisciplinary engagement among clinical medicine, the social sciences, and public health research. The aim of this article is to help bridge the divide between these fields by exploring major recent advances in clinical medicine that have important implications for population health.METHODS: We reviewed the most cited articles published from 2010 to 2015 in 5 high-impact clinical journals and selected 5 randomized controlled trials and 2 related clinical practice guidelines that are broadly relevant to population health and policy.FINDINGS: We discuss the following themes: (1) expanding indications for drug therapy and the inherent medicalization of the population as highlighted by studies and clinical guidelines supporting lower blood pressure targets or widespread statin use; (2) the tension in nutritional research between quantifying the impact of isolated nutrients and studying specific foods and dietary patterns, for example, the role of the Mediterranean diet in the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease; (3) the issue of high medication costs and the challenge of providing equitable access raised by the development of new and effective treatments for hepatitis C infection; (4) emerging clinical applications of research on the human microbiome as illustrated by fecal transplant to treat Clostridium difficile infections; and (5) the promise and limitations of precision medicine as demonstrated by the rise of novel targeted therapies in oncology.CONCLUSIONS: These developments in clinical science hold promise for improving individual and population health and raise important questions about resource allocation, the role of prevention, and health disparities.
|
['Clinical Nursing Research', 'Clinical Trials as Topic', 'Forecasting', 'Health Equity', 'Health Policy', 'Humans', 'Population Health']
| 29,870,114
|
[['H01.770.644.145.390.234', 'H02.478.395.234', 'N04.590.233.508.613.234'], ['E05.318.372.250.250', 'N05.715.360.330.250.250', 'N06.850.520.450.250.250'], ['I01.320'], ['N04.590.374.350.500', 'N05.300.430.383'], ['I01.655.500.608.400', 'I01.880.604.825.608.400', 'N03.623.500.608.428'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N01.400.548']]
|
['Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
[Ultrasound-guided biopsy of the pancreas: a multicenter study].
|
OBJECTIVE: Members of "Asociaci?n de Ecograf?a Digestiva" decided to carry out a multicenter retrospective study on fine-needle aspiration biopsy for pancreatic space-occupying lesions under ultrasonographic guidance and via the percutaneous route in order to assess this technique s performance versus endoscopic ultrasound-guided biopsy.SUBJECTS: 10 hospitals for a total of 222 patients with suspiciously malignant, 8-120-mm pancreatic lesions were included in the study.RESULTS: The analysis of results shows a sensitivity of 89%, a specificity of 98%, a positive predictive value of 99%, and a negative predictive value of 74%, for an overall diagnostic accuracy of 91%. No major complications occurred.CONCLUSION: Percutaneous fine-needle aspiration for pancreatic lesions is highly cost-effective and has few and mild complications.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Biopsy, Fine-Needle', 'Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Pancreas', 'Pancreatic Diseases', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Ultrasonography']
| 18,052,647
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['E01.370.225.500.384.100.119.500', 'E01.370.225.998.054.119.500', 'E01.370.388.100.100.500', 'E04.074.119.500', 'E04.665.100.500', 'E05.200.500.384.100.119.500', 'E05.200.998.054.119.500', 'E05.242.384.100.119.500'], ['E01.370.372.250.250', 'E01.370.388.250.250.250', 'E04.210.240.250', 'E04.502.250.250.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['A03.734'], ['C06.689'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E01.370.350.850']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Farnesyl transferase expression determines clinical response to the docetaxel-lonafarnib combination in patients with advanced malignancies.
|
BACKGROUND: Lonafarnib (LNF) is a protein farnesyl transferase (FTase) inhibitor that has shown synergistic activity with taxanes in preclinical models and early stage clinical trials. Preclinical findings suggested tubulin acetylation and FTase expression levels may be important determinants of drug sensitivity that would help identify patient populations more likely to benefit from this regimen. This pilot study evaluated the biological effects of LNF and docetaxel (DTX) combination therapy in refractory solid tumors by comparing pretreatment and post-treatment tumor biopsies.METHODS: Patients with histologically confirmed locally advanced or metastatic solid malignancies refractory to standard therapies or with no effective therapies available were eligible. Patients were randomized to 1 of 4 dosing cohorts: 1) 30 mg/m², 100 mg; 2) 36 mg/m², 100 mg; 3) 30 mg/m², 150 mg; or 4) 36 mg/m², 150 mg of DTX intravenously weekly, LNF orally twice daily, respectively.RESULTS: Of the 38 patients enrolled, 36 were treated, and 29 were evaluable for toxicity and response assessment. The combination of LNF and DTX was tolerated in all cohorts with the exception of a 28% incidence of grade 3/4 diarrhea, which was manageable with aggressive antidiarrheal regimens. Seven patients derived clinically meaningful benefit from this combination treatment; these patients had significantly lower basal FTase-beta mRNA expression levels than the mean study population level (P < .05). Correlation of clinical benefit with tubulin acetylation content as well as basal acetyl-tubulin content were evaluated. However, no significant correlation was found.CONCLUSIONS: Despite the small number of patients, these findings support our preclinical mechanistic studies and warrant further clinical investigations using FTase-beta mRNA expression as a potential predictive biomarker to select for an enriched patient population to study the effects of taxane and FTase inhibitor combination therapies.
|
['Adult', 'Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols', 'Docetaxel', 'Enzyme Inhibitors', 'Farnesyltranstransferase', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasms', 'Pilot Projects', 'Piperidines', 'Pyridines', 'Taxoids']
| 21,365,629
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E02.183.750.500', 'E02.319.077.500', 'E02.319.310.037'], ['D02.455.426.392.368.242.888.389', 'D02.455.849.291.850.389'], ['D27.505.519.389'], ['D08.811.913.225.437'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04'], ['E05.318.372.750', 'E05.337.737', 'N05.715.360.330.720', 'N06.850.520.450.720'], ['D03.383.621'], ['D03.383.725'], ['D02.455.426.392.368.242.888', 'D02.455.849.291.850']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Donor IFN-gamma receptors are critical for acute CD4(+) T cell-mediated cardiac allograft rejection.
|
Recent studies using mouse models demonstrate that CD4(+) T cells are sufficient to mediate acute cardiac allograft rejection in the absence of CD8(+) T cells and B cells. However, the mechanistic basis of CD4-mediated rejection is unclear. One potential mechanism of CD4-mediated rejection is via elaboration of proinflammatory cytokines such as IFN-gamma. To determine whether IFN-gamma is a critical cytokine in CD4-mediated acute cardiac allograft rejection, we studied whether the expression of IFN-gamma receptors on the donor heart was required for CD4-mediated rejection. To investigate this possibility, purified CD4(+) T cells were transferred into immune-deficient mice bearing heterotopic cardiac allografts from IFN-gamma receptor-deficient (GRKO) donors. While CD4(+) T cells triggered acute rejection of wild-type heart allografts, they failed to trigger rejection of GRKO heart allografts. The impairment in CD4-mediated rejection of GRKO hearts appeared to primarily involve the efferent phase of the immune response. This conclusion was based on the findings that GRKO stimulator cells provoked normal CD4 proliferation in vitro and that intentional in vivo challenge of CD4 cells with wild-type donor APC or the adoptive transfer of in vitro primed CD4 T cells failed to provoke acute rejection of GRKO allografts. In contrast, unseparated lymph node cells acutely rejected both GRKO and wild-type hearts with similar time courses, illustrating the existence of both IFN-gamma-dependent and IFN-gamma-independent mechanisms of acute allograft rejection.
|
['Animals', 'CD4 Antigens', 'CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes', 'CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes', 'Female', 'Graft Rejection', 'Heart Transplantation', 'Interferon-gamma', 'Lymphocyte Activation', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred BALB C', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Mice, Knockout', 'Receptors, Interferon', 'Transplantation, Homologous']
| 11,673,565
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.852.420.810.500', 'D12.776.543.750.830.700.025', 'D23.050.301.264.894.100', 'D23.101.100.894.100'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.569.200', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.200', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.200'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.569.220', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.220', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.220'], ['G12.875.545.328'], ['E04.100.376.475', 'E04.928.220.390', 'E04.936.450.475'], ['D12.644.276.374.440.893', 'D12.644.276.374.480.615.350', 'D12.776.467.374.440.893', 'D12.776.467.374.480.615.350', 'D23.529.374.440.893', 'D23.529.374.480.615.350'], ['E01.370.225.812.482', 'E05.200.812.482', 'E05.478.594.530', 'G12.450.050.400.545', 'G12.565'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.338', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.338'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['B01.050.050.136.500.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.455', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800.500'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.852.400'], ['E04.936.864']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Microdeletions of 3p21.31 characterized by developmental delay, distinctive features, elevated serum creatine kinase levels, and white matter involvement.
|
Interstitial deletions of chromosome 3 are rare, and only one patient with a microdeletion of 3p21.31 has been reported to date. We identified two additional cases of patients with microdeletions of 3p21.31. The characteristic clinical features of developmental delay and distinctive facial features (including arched eyebrows, hypertelorism, epicanthus, and micrognathia) were seen both in the previously reported patient and in the two newly identified patients. In these two new cases, additional features, including elevated serum creatine kinase levels and characteristic neuroradiological features with white matter involvement, were seen. These features had not been described in the previous case in which the patient was examined during infancy, suggesting an age-dependent mechanism. The shortest region of overlap among the three deletions narrowed down the candidate genes that may be responsible for the common neurological features to the bassoon (presynaptic cytomatrix protein) gene (BSN), which has an important function in neuronal synapses. In this study, we confirmed common phenotypic features in the patients with microdeletions of 3p21.31 and identified additional features that have not been reported previously. Because the constellation of such characteristic features is quite unique, clinical manifestations of the patients with microdeletions of 3p21.31 would be clinically recognizable as a contiguous gene deletion syndrome.
|
['Abnormalities, Multiple', 'Adolescent', 'Child, Preschool', 'Chromosome Deletion', 'Chromosomes, Human, Pair 3', 'Creatine Kinase', 'Developmental Disabilities', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Leukoencephalopathies', 'Nerve Tissue Proteins', 'Phenotype']
| 24,039,031
|
[['C16.131.077'], ['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['C23.550.210.050.500.500', 'G05.365.590.029.530.175', 'G05.365.590.175.050.500.500', 'G05.365.590.762.180', 'G05.558.800.180', 'G05.700.131.500.500'], ['A11.284.187.520.300.235.250', 'G05.360.162.520.300.235.250'], ['D08.811.913.696.640.150'], ['F03.625.421'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C10.228.140.695'], ['D12.776.631'], ['G05.695']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Polyspecific, antiviral immune response distinguishes multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica.
|
BACKGROUND: A polyspecific, intrathecal humoral immune response against neurotropic viruses such as measles, rubella and varicella zoster virus (MRZ reaction, MRZR) is present in 80-100% of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), but has not to date been evaluated in patients with neuromyelitis optica (NMO).AIMS: To evaluate whether MRZR distinguishes NMO and MS.METHODS: 20 patients with NMO and 42 with MS were included. The intrathecal synthesis of antibodies against measles, rubella and varicella zoster virus was detected by calculation of the respective antibody indices (AI).RESULTS: A positive MRZ reaction, as defined by a combination of at least two positive AIs, was found in 37/42 MS, but in only 1/20 NMO patients (p<0.0001). Median AI values differed significantly between the groups (p<0.0005).CONCLUSIONS: The polyspecific antiviral humoral immune response characteristic for MS is widely missing in NMO, irrespective of the NMO-IgG status of the patients. Our findings further strengthen the case for NMO being pathologically distinct from MS.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Antibodies, Viral', 'Chickenpox', 'Diagnosis, Differential', 'Female', 'Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect', 'Humans', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Measles', 'Middle Aged', 'Multiple Sclerosis', 'Neuromyelitis Optica', 'Optic Nerve', 'Rubella']
| 18,270,237
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.254', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.254', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.254'], ['C01.925.256.466.930.250'], ['E01.171'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512.240.310', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512.240.310', 'E05.200.500.607.512.240.310', 'E05.200.750.551.512.240.310', 'E05.478.583.375.310'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['C01.925.782.580.600.500.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C10.114.375.500', 'C10.314.350.500', 'C20.111.258.250.500'], ['C10.114.375.600.500', 'C10.114.375.800', 'C10.292.700.550.500', 'C10.314.350.600.500', 'C10.314.350.800', 'C11.640.576.695', 'C20.111.258.250.550.500', 'C20.111.258.250.775'], ['A08.800.800.120.680'], ['C01.925.782.930.700.700']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Probing the self-assembly and the accompanying structural changes of hydrophobin SC3 on a hydrophobic surface by mass spectrometry.
|
The fungal class I hydrophobin SC3 self-assembles into an amphipathic membrane at hydrophilic-hydrophobic interfaces such as the water-air and water-Teflon interface. During self-assembly, the water-soluble state of SC3 proceeds via the intermediate alpha-helical state to the stable end form called the beta-sheet state. Self-assembly of the hydrophobin at the Teflon surface is arrested in the alpha-helical state. The beta-sheet state can be induced at elevated temperature in the presence of detergent. The structural changes of SC3 were monitored by various mass spectrometry techniques. We show that the so-called second loop of SC3 (C39-S72) has a high affinity for Teflon. Binding of this part of SC3 to Teflon was accompanied by the formation of alpha-helical structure and resulted in low solvent accessibility. The solvent-protected region of the second loop extended upon conversion to the beta-sheet state. In contrast, the C-terminal part of SC3 became more exposed to the solvent. The results indicate that the second loop of class I hydrophobins plays a pivotal role in self-assembly at the hydrophilic-hydrophobic interface. Of interest, this loop is much smaller in case of class II hydrophobins, which may explain the differences in their assembly.
|
['Air', 'Amino Acid Sequence', 'Circular Dichroism', 'Detergents', 'Endopeptidases', 'Formates', 'Fungal Proteins', 'Kinetics', 'Mass Spectrometry', 'Metalloendopeptidases', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Oxygen', 'Pepsin A', 'Peptides', 'Polytetrafluoroethylene', 'Protein Binding', 'Protein Conformation', 'Protein Structure, Secondary', 'Protein Structure, Tertiary', 'Sequence Homology, Amino Acid', 'Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization', 'Temperature', 'Time Factors', 'Water']
| 15,345,568
|
[['G16.500.275.063.150', 'N06.230.300.100.150'], ['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['E05.196.867.151'], ['D27.720.877.265', 'J01.516.381'], ['D08.811.277.656.300'], ['D02.241.081.420'], ['D12.776.354'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['E05.196.566'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.480', 'D08.811.277.656.675.374'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['D01.268.185.550', 'D01.362.670'], ['D08.811.277.656.074.500.700', 'D08.811.277.656.300.048.700'], ['D12.644'], ['D05.750.395.616', 'D25.720.395.616', 'J01.637.051.720.395.616'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808'], ['G02.111.570.820.709'], ['G02.111.570.820.709.600'], ['G02.111.570.820.709.610'], ['G02.111.810.200', 'G05.810.200'], ['E05.196.566.755'], ['G01.906.595', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710', 'G16.500.750.775.710', 'N06.230.150.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710'], ['G01.910.857'], ['D01.045.250.875', 'D01.248.497.158.459.650', 'D01.650.550.925']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Dual mode of action of glucose pentaacetates on hormonal secretion from the isolated perfused rat pancreas.
|
Isolated perfused rat pancreases were exposed, in the presence of 10. 0 mM L-leucine, to either alpha-D-glucose pentaacetate, beta-L-glucose pentaacetate, or unesterified D-glucose, all tested at a 1.7 mM concentration. The pentaacetate ester of alpha-D-glucose and, to a lesser extent, that of beta-L-glucose stimulated both insulin and somatostatin release, whereas unesterified D-glucose failed to do so. In the case of insulin output, the two esters differed from one another not solely by the magnitude of the secretory response but also by its time course and reversibility. Compared with these data, the most salient difference found in the case of somatostatin release consisted of the absence of an early secretory peak in response to alpha-D-glucose pentaacetate administration and the higher paired ratio between the secretory responses evoked by the esters of glucose and by unesterified D-glucose (5.5 mM) administered at the end of the experiments. The two esters provoked an initial and short-lived stimulation of glucagon secretion, in sharp contrast to the immediate inhibitory action of unesterified D-glucose. Thereafter, alpha-D-glucose pentaacetate, but not beta-L-glucose pentaacetate, caused inhibition of glucagon release, such an effect being reversed when the administration of the ester was halted. These findings indicate a dual mode of action of glucose pentaacetate esters on hormonal secretion from the endocrine pancreas. The intracellular hydrolysis of alpha-D-glucose pentaacetate and subsequent catabolism of its hexose moiety may contribute to the early peak-shaped insulin response to this ester, to the persistence of a positive secretory effect in B and D cells after cessation of its administration, and to the late inhibition of glucagon release. However, a direct effect of the esters themselves, by some as-of-yet unidentified coupling process, is postulated to account for the stimulation of insulin and somatostatin release by beta-L-glucose pentaacetate and for the initial enhancement of glucagon secretion provoked by both glucose esters.
|
['Animals', 'Female', 'Glucagon', 'Glucose', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Insulin', 'Insulin Secretion', 'Islets of Langerhans', 'Leucine', 'Oscillometry', 'Perfusion', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Somatostatin', 'Stereoisomerism', 'Time Factors']
| 9,755,079
|
[['B01.050'], ['D06.472.699.587.730.500', 'D12.644.548.586.730.500'], ['D09.947.875.359.448'], ['E05.481'], ['D06.472.699.587.200.500.625', 'D12.644.548.586.200.500.625'], ['G03.442', 'G07.475'], ['A03.734.414', 'A06.300.414'], ['D12.125.070.637', 'D12.125.142.441'], ['E05.654'], ['E05.680'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900'], ['D06.472.699.327.700.875', 'D06.472.699.587.780', 'D12.644.400.400.700.875', 'D12.644.548.365.700.875', 'D12.644.548.586.780', 'D12.776.631.650.405.700.875'], ['G02.607.445.682'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Ensuring the viability of gastric transplants used in esophagoplasty using hemomotordynamic monitoring].
|
A new method of hemomotordynamic monitoring of an isoperistaltic gastric graft in esophagoplasty was evaluated in the clinic in 27 patients. The method was found to be adequate in determining and ensuring viability of the grafts. The presence of an intramural pulse in all parts of the graft is the criterion of its viability. Monitoring allows early diagnosis and timely surgical and drug correction of reparable ischemic disorders. The change of the surgical tactics during the operation consists in abandoning one-stage formation of the anastomosis and placing the graft in a subcutaneous bed.
|
['Esophagoplasty', 'Female', 'Graft Survival', 'Humans', 'Intraoperative Period', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Monitoring, Physiologic', 'Stomach']
| 2,722,037
|
[['E04.210.355'], ['G12.875.545.340'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E04.614.374', 'N02.421.585.753.374'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.370.520'], ['A03.556.875.875']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Competitive incorporation of perrhenate and nitrate into sodalite.
|
Nuclear waste storage tanks at the Hanford site in southeastern Washington have released highly alkaline solutions, containing radioactive and other contaminants, into subsurface sediments. When this waste reacts with subsurface sediments, feldspathoid minerals (sodalite, cancrinite) can form, sequestering pertechnetate (99TcO4-) and other ions. This study investigates the potential for incorporation of perrhenate (ReO4-), a chemical surrogate for 99TcO4-, into mixed perrhenate/nitrate (ReO4-/NO3-) sodalite. Mixed-anion sodalites were hydrothermally synthesized in the laboratory from zeolite A in sodium hydroxide, nitrate, and perrhenate solutions at 90 °C for 24 h. The resulting solids were characterized by bulk chemical analysis, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy (XANES) to determine the products' chemical composition, structure, morphology, and Re oxidation state. The XANES data indicated that nearly all rhenium (Re) was incorporated as Re(VII)O4-. The nonlinear increase of the unit cell parameter with ReO4-/NO3- ratios suggests formation of two separate sodalite phases in lieu of a mixed-anion sodalite. The results reveal that the sodalite cage is highly selective toward NO3- over ReO4-. Calculated enthalpy and Gibbs free energy of formation at 298 K for NO3- and ReO4-sodalite suggest that NO3- incorporation into the cage is favored over the incorporation of the larger ReO4-, due to the smaller ionic radius of NO3-. Based on these results, it is expected that NO3-, which is present at significantly higher concentrations in alkaline waste solutions than 99TcO4-, will be strongly preferred for incorporation into the sodalite cage.
|
['Anions', 'Microscopy, Electron, Scanning', 'Minerals', 'Nitrates', 'Radioactive Waste', 'Rhenium', 'Solutions', 'Temperature', 'Washington', 'Water', 'X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy', 'X-Ray Diffraction']
| 25,280,127
|
[['D01.248.497.158'], ['E01.370.350.515.402.541', 'E05.595.402.541'], ['D01.578'], ['D01.248.497.158.606', 'D01.625.525.550', 'D02.583'], ['D20.693.638', 'D20.944.380.638', 'D27.888.426.500.638', 'N06.850.460.710.380.638', 'N06.850.810.485'], ['D01.268.556.787', 'D01.268.956.750', 'D01.552.544.787'], ['D26.776'], ['G01.906.595', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710', 'G16.500.750.775.710', 'N06.230.150.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710'], ['Z01.107.567.875.560.900', 'Z01.107.567.875.580.900'], ['D01.045.250.875', 'D01.248.497.158.459.650', 'D01.650.550.925'], ['E05.196.867.972'], ['E05.196.309.742', 'E05.196.822.950', 'G01.867.950', 'G02.965']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Nusinersen in type 1 SMA infants, children and young adults: Preliminary results on motor function.
|
We report preliminary data on the six month use of Nusinersen in 104 type 1 patients of age ranging from three months to 19 years, 9 months. Ten of the 104 were classified as 1.1, 58 as 1.5 and 36 as 1.9. Three patients had one SMN2 copy, 65 had two and 24 had three copies. In 12 the SMN2 copy number was not available. After six months an improvement of more than two points was found in 58 of the 104 (55.7%) on the CHOP INTEND and in 21 of the 104 (20.19%) on the Hammersmith Infant Neurological Examination (HINE). Changes more than two points were found in 26/71 patients older than two years, and in seven of the 20 older than 10 years. Changes ? four points were found in 20/71 older than two years, and in six of the 20 patients older than 10 years. The difference between baseline and six months on both CHOP INTEND and HINE was significant for the whole group (p < 0.001) as well as for the subgroups with two (p < 0.001), and three SMN2 copies (p < 0.001). Our preliminary results suggest that functional improvement can be observed in type 1 patients outside the range of the inclusion criteria used in the Endear study.
|
['Adolescent', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Male', 'Motor Skills', 'Neurologic Examination', 'Oligonucleotides', 'Spinal Muscular Atrophies of Childhood', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Young Adult']
| 29,960,818
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['F02.808.260'], ['E01.370.376.550', 'E01.370.600.550'], ['D13.695.578.424'], ['C10.228.854.468.800', 'C10.574.500.812', 'C10.574.562.500.750', 'C10.668.467.500.750', 'C16.320.400.765'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
BHRF1 exerts an antiapoptotic effect and cell cycle arrest via Bcl-2 in murine hybridomas.
|
Apoptosis has been widely studied in order to find methods to increase the life-span and production performance in large-scale animal cell cultures. The use of anti-apoptotic genes has emerged as an efficient method to reduce apoptosis in a variety of biotechnological relevant cell lines, including CHO and hybridomas, alternatively to small molecule inhibitors. It is already known that expression of BHRF1, an Epstein-Barr virus-encoded early protein homologous to the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2, protects hybridoma cells from apoptosis in batch and continuous operation modes resulting in a delay in the cell death process under glutamine starvation conditions. In the present study, the mechanism of action of BHRF1 was investigated in a murine hybridoma cell line. BHRF1 protein was found in the mitochondrial cell fraction both under normal growing conditions and apoptosis-inducing conditions. Remarkably, the expression of the anti-apoptotic gene bcl2 in BHRF1-expressing cells was up-regulated 25-fold compared to mock-transfected controls under apoptosis triggering conditions and its expression correlated with survival of transgenic cultures and cell cycle arrest in G1. Bcl-2 activity was revealed to be crucial for the BHRF1-mediated effect since the addition of specific inhibitors of Bcl-2 (namely HA14-1 and YC-137) resulted in a loss of function of BHRF1-expressing cells under glutamine starvation conditions. Moreover, the interaction of BHRF1 with the pro-apoptotic BH3-only Bim conferred mitochondrial stability to BHRF1 expressing cells under apoptosis-triggering conditions.
|
['Animals', 'Apoptosis', 'Batch Cell Culture Techniques', 'Benzopyrans', 'Cell Cycle Checkpoints', 'Cell Line', 'Hybridomas', 'Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial', 'Mice', 'Mitochondria', 'Nitriles', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2', 'Thiazoles', 'Transfection', 'Up-Regulation', 'Viral Proteins']
| 26,057,602
|
[['B01.050'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['E05.481.500.249.124'], ['D03.383.663.283', 'D03.633.100.150'], ['G04.144.109'], ['A11.251.210'], ['A11.251.353.485', 'A11.251.600.485'], ['G03.295.770.500', 'G04.580.550', 'G07.265.675.550'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.564', 'A11.284.835.626'], ['D02.626'], ['D12.644.360.075.718', 'D12.776.476.075.718', 'D12.776.624.664.700.169'], ['D02.886.675', 'D03.383.129.708'], ['E05.393.350.810', 'G05.728.860'], ['G02.111.905', 'G05.308.850', 'G07.690.773.998'], ['D12.776.964']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Nonclinical pharmacologic and toxicologic considerations for evaluating biologic products.
|
Prior to a Phase 1 clinical study, products are studied preclinically to establish evidence of pharmacologic activity, gain an understanding of the mechanism of action, evaluate the potential human risk, and establish a clinical study dose range. Although it is possible to follow this generic itinerary for the development of biologic products, it is difficult to develop generic protocols that will suffice for addressing these preclinical concerns for every biological product. Peptide hormones, cytokines, growth factors, vaccines, allergenics, plasma proteins, enzymes, toxins, monoclonal antibodies, and other heterologous antisera are unique in their physiological interactions, and therefore the toxicologic concerns and suggested studies are tailored to the uniqueness of the compound. This paper represents an attempt to share the thought processes that have been used at the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to address the nonclinical pharmacology and toxicology study concerns. This presentation of considerations is based on an analysis of what has been done in recent years as a basis for initiating Phase 1 studies (first administration of drugs to humans) and progressing to Phase 2/3 studies (evaluation of optimal dose, effectiveness, and safety in humans), while I was Assistant Director (Pharmacology/Toxicology) of the Office of Biologics and since, as Assistant Director (Pharmacology/Toxicology) of the Office of Drug Evaluation II and a consultant to the Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research.
|
['Biological Products', 'Drug Evaluation, Preclinical', 'Drugs, Investigational', 'Humans', 'Research Design', 'Risk Factors', 'United States', 'United States Food and Drug Administration']
| 2,602,582
|
[['D20.215'], ['E05.290.750', 'E05.337.550'], ['D26.371'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.581.500', 'H01.770.644.728'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['Z01.107.567.875'], ['I01.409.418.750.600.650.760', 'N03.540.348.500.500.600.650.760']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Diagnostic utility of immunochemical fecal occult blood tests to detect lower gastrointestinal lesions in patients with chronic kidney disease.
|
PURPOSE: The immunochemical fecal occult blood test (iFOBT) is a useful method to screen for lower gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding-related lesions. However, few studies have investigated the diagnostic utility of iFOBT in chronic kidney disease (CKD).METHODS: We included 691 patients with nondialysis-dependent CKD stages 2-5 or those receiving dialysis. Bleeding-related lower GI lesions were identified by colonoscopy, and the diagnostic utility of iFOBT was evaluated.RESULTS: Bleeding-related lower GI lesions were found in 9.2% of 491 patients with CKD stage 2, 17.8% of 107 patients with CKD stage 3/4, and 25.8% of 93 patients with CKD stage 5/dialysis (p < 0.001). Compared with CKD stage 2, CKD stage 5/dialysis was independently associated with a 2.80-fold risk for bleeding-related lesions (p = 0.019). The iFOBT was positive in 92 (13.3%) patients and the area under the receiver operating curve (AUC) for a bleeding-related lesion was 0.64 (p < 0.001). The sensitivity of iFOBT increased as the CKD stage worsened (20.0 vs 52.6 vs 58.3%; p = 0.002). However, the specificity to detect bleeding-related lesions decreased with the severity of CKD stage (94.6 vs. 78.4 vs. 76.8%; p < 0.001). The AUC of iFOBT to detect adenoma or carcinoma was 0.54 (p = 0.046), and a similar pattern of sensitivity and specificity was observed between different CKD stages.CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of bleeding-related lower GI lesions and the sensitivity of iFOBT to detect these GI lesions increased in advanced CKD. However, iFOBT should be used cautiously in these patients because its specificity decreased.
|
['Aged', 'Colonoscopy', 'Demography', 'Female', 'Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage', 'Humans', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Lower Gastrointestinal Tract', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Occult Blood', 'Prevalence', 'ROC Curve', 'Renal Insufficiency, Chronic']
| 25,868,513
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['E01.370.372.250.250.200', 'E01.370.388.250.250.250.160', 'E04.210.240.250.160', 'E04.502.250.250.250.160'], ['I01.240', 'N01.224', 'N06.850.505.400'], ['C06.405.227', 'C23.550.414.788'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['A03.556.249'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.370.225.925', 'E05.200.925'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['E05.318.370.800.750', 'E05.318.740.872.750', 'N05.715.360.325.700.680', 'N06.850.520.445.800.750'], ['C12.777.419.780.750', 'C13.351.968.419.780.750']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Stability of fecapentaene-12 and its carcinogenicity in F-344 rats.
|
Carcinogenicity studies of the fecal mutagen fecapentaene-12 (FP-12) have been hampered because of its apparent instability. We report here that: (i) contrary to the popular belief, FP-12 is quite stable, particularly at micromolar to nanomolar concentration; and (ii) its characteristic spectrophotometric absorbance spectrum is a function of the solvent or vehicle. Using synchronous fluorescence spectrophotometry (SFS), we have determined that at delta lambda 36.5 nm FP-12 gives a characteristic single emission peak between 413 and 423 nm, allowing us to identify FP-12 in DNA when reacted in vitro. We also report an increased incidence (statistically not significant) of fibrosarcomas and mammary carcinomas in male F-344 rats following intrarectal instillation of FP-12. In the in vitro human colon explant model, direct addition of FP-12 results in alteration in mucin histochemical changes typical of precancer and cancer. Our results support the contention that FP-12 is a naturally occurring carcinogen and may be responsible for human cancer(s).
|
['Animals', 'Cattle', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Colon', 'DNA', 'DNA Damage', 'Drug Stability', 'Epithelial Cells', 'Epithelium', 'Humans', 'Mutagens', 'Neoplasms, Experimental', 'Polyenes', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred F344', 'Spectrometry, Fluorescence']
| 2,013,124
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['A11.251'], ['A03.556.124.526.356', 'A03.556.249.249.356'], ['D13.444.308'], ['G05.200'], ['E05.916.330'], ['A11.436'], ['A10.272'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D27.888.569.468'], ['C04.619', 'E05.598.500.496'], ['D02.455.326.271.665'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760.200', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400.200'], ['E05.196.712.516.600.676', 'E05.196.867.726']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Intra-operative radiation therapy for malignant brain tumors: rationale, method, and treatment results of cerebral glioblastomas.
|
In radiation therapy for malignant brain tumours, the dose of radiation that can be safely delivered to a tumour is limited by the radiation tolerance of the adjacent normal brain tissue. Among various radiation modalities to produce local tumour eradication without unacceptable complications, we chose a large, single irradiation dose during the operation (intra-operative radiation therapy, IORT). In contrast to X-ray or Cobalt-60 gamma ray irradiation, IORT with a high-energy electron beam delivered by the Shimadzu 20 MeV betatron provides acceptable dose homogeneity with rapid fall-off of the radiation dose beyond the treatment volume. Thus, IORT has the advantage of precise demarcation of the target volume, minimum damage to surrounding normal tissues, and a high absorbed target dose (15-25 Gy in 5-10 min). On the basis of our experience with 170 patients treated by IORT, we established the treatment indications and method in patients with malignant brain tumours. IORT with a dose of 15-25 Gy was delivered to widely resected tumours followed by external radiation therapy. No acute or subacute complications were observed. Treatment results of 30 patients with glioblastoma treated by IORT (mean 18.3 Gy) combined with external radiation therapy (mean 58.5 Gy) resulted in a median survival of 119 weeks and a 2-year survival rate of 61%.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Animals', 'Brain', 'Brain Neoplasms', 'Combined Modality Therapy', 'Cranial Irradiation', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Glioblastoma', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasm Transplantation', 'Pilot Projects', 'Radiotherapy Dosage', 'Radiotherapy, Adjuvant', 'Radiotherapy, High-Energy', 'Rats', 'Survival Rate']
| 7,709,789
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['B01.050'], ['A08.186.211'], ['C04.588.614.250.195', 'C10.228.140.211', 'C10.551.240.250'], ['E02.186'], ['E02.815.190'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['C04.557.465.625.600.380.080.335', 'C04.557.470.670.380.080.335', 'C04.557.580.625.600.380.080.335'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.624'], ['E05.318.372.750', 'E05.337.737', 'N05.715.360.330.720', 'N06.850.520.450.720'], ['E02.815.639'], ['E02.186.775', 'E02.815.600'], ['E02.815.722'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.900', 'N01.224.935.698.826', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.900', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.900']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Metallothionein deficiency enhances skin carcinogenesis induced by 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate in metallothionein-null mice.
|
To clarify the physiological role(s) of metallothionein (MT) in carcinogenesis, we studied the susceptibility of MT-null mice to chemically mediated carcinogenesis in the 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)/12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced two-stage carcinogenesis model. The MT-null mice were subjected to a single topical application of DMBA (50 or 100 micro g/mouse) and, 1 week later, to promotion with TPA (10 micro g/mouse) twice a week for 20 weeks. At week 21, nearly all of the MT-null mice developed tumors in the skin, in contrast to only 10-40% of wild-type mice. No tumors were observed in MT-null or wild-type mice that were administered TPA alone. By using the PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism and PCR-single strand conformation polymorphism methods, we found a transversion of A182 to T in codon 61 of c-Ha-ras in the papilloma tissue of MT-null mice and wild-type mice but failed to find any mutations in the c-Ki-ras and c-N-ras genes. In two-stage skin carcinogenesis induction by DMBA/TPA, p53 and p21(WAF1/Cip1) expression levels were found to be increased in MT-null mice compared with wild-type mice. As to an earlier change at the promotion stage triggered by TPA application, MT-null mice were found to have both hyperplasia of the epithelium and a marked degree of inflammation in the basal layer, indicating that the induced as well as endogenous MT acted as a protective factor against tumorigenesis. In conclusion, the present study has demonstrated that MT has antitumorigenic potential in both the initiation and promotion stages of the two-stage chemical skin carcinogenesis model.
|
['9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene', 'Animals', 'Cell Division', 'Female', 'Genes, ras', 'Metallothionein', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Mutation', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Skin', 'Skin Neoplasms', 'Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate']
| 12,807,749
|
[['D02.455.426.559.847.149.301', 'D04.615.149.301'], ['B01.050'], ['G04.144.220', 'G04.161.750.500', 'G05.113', 'G07.345.249.410.750.500'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.375.500.791.550'], ['D12.776.556.670'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['G05.365.590'], ['E05.393.620.500'], ['A17.815'], ['C04.588.805', 'C17.800.882'], ['D02.455.849.291.500.510.850']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Imatinib mesylate reduces endoplasmic reticulum stress and induces remission of diabetes in db/db mice.
|
OBJECTIVE: Imatinib has been reported to induce regression of type 2 diabetes in chronic leukemia patients. However, the mechanism of diabetes amelioration by imatinib is unknown, and it is uncertain whether imatinib has effects on type 2 diabetes itself without other confounding diseases like leukemia. We studied the effect of imatinib on diabetes in db/db mice and investigated possible mechanism's underlying improved glycemic control by imatinib.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Glucose tolerance and insulin tolerance tests were done after daily intraperitoneal injection of 25 mg/kg imatinib into db/db and C57BL/6 mice for 4 weeks. Insulin signaling and endoplasmic reticulum stress responses were studied by Western blotting. beta-Cell mass and apoptotic beta-cell number were determined by combined terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) staining and insulin immunohistochemistry. The in vitro effect of imatinib was studied using HepG2 cells.RESULTS: Imatinib induced remission of diabetes in db/db mice and amelioration of insulin resistance. Expression of endoplasmic reticulum stress markers in the liver and adipose tissues of db/db mice, such as phospho-PERK, phospho-eIF2alpha, TRB3, CHOP, and phospho-c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase, was reduced by imatinib. Insulin receptor substrate-1 tyrosine phosphorylation and Akt phosphorylation after insulin administration were improved by imatinib. Serum aminotransferase levels and hepatic triglyceride contents were decreased by imatinib. Pancreatic beta-cell mass was increased by imatinib, accompanied by decreased TUNEL(+) beta-cell and increased BrdU(+) beta-cell numbers. Imatinib attenuated endoplasmic reticulum stress in hepatoma cells in vitro.CONCLUSIONS: Imatinib ameliorated endoplasmic reticulum stress and induced remission of diabetes in db/db mice. Imatinib or related compounds could be used as therapeutic agents against type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome.
|
['Adipose Tissue', 'Animals', 'Benzamides', 'Cell Cycle Proteins', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2', 'Endoplasmic Reticulum', 'Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-2', 'Humans', 'Imatinib Mesylate', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'In Situ Nick-End Labeling', 'Insulin Resistance', 'Insulin-Secreting Cells', 'JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases', 'Liver', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Piperazines', 'Protein Kinase Inhibitors', 'Pyrimidines', 'Remission Induction', 'Transcription Factor CHOP']
| 19,171,749
|
[['A10.165.114'], ['B01.050'], ['D02.065.277', 'D02.241.223.100.100', 'D02.455.426.559.389.127.085'], ['D12.776.167'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['C18.452.394.750.149', 'C19.246.300'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.248'], ['D12.776.835.725.868.249'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D02.065.277.456', 'D02.241.223.100.100.435', 'D02.455.426.559.389.127.085.465', 'D03.383.606.405', 'D03.383.742.349'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['E05.393.475'], ['C18.452.394.968.500', 'G07.690.773.984.617'], ['A03.734.414.131', 'A06.300.414.087', 'A06.390.131', 'A11.382.625.092', 'A11.436.294.092'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.567.374', 'D12.644.360.450.340', 'D12.776.476.450.340'], ['A03.620'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['D03.383.606'], ['D27.505.519.389.755'], ['D03.383.742'], ['E02.860'], ['D12.776.260.108.124.875', 'D12.776.660.167.875', 'D12.776.930.127.124.875']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Sustained NFAT signaling promotes a Th1-like pattern of gene expression in primary murine CD4+ T cells.
|
T cell activation is known to be critically regulated by the extent and duration of TCR-induced signaling pathways. The NFAT family of transcription factors is believed to play an important role in coupling these quantitative differences in TCR-induced signaling events into changes in gene expression. In this study we have specifically investigated the effects of sustained NFAT signaling on T cell activation by introducing a constitutively active mutant version of NFATc1 (caNFATc1) into primary murine CD4(+) T cells and examining its effects on gene expression. We now report that ectopic expression of caNFATc1 partially mimics TCR signaling, resulting in enhanced expression of CD25 and CD40 ligand and down-regulation of CD62L. More importantly, we find that expression of caNFATc1 in T cells maintained under either nonpolarizing or Th1-skewing conditions leads to a marked selective increase in the number of cells expressing the prototypical Th1 cytokine, IFN-gamma. Furthermore, when expressed in Th2-skewed cells, caNFATc1 appears to attenuate Th2 differentiation by decreasing production of IL-4 and promoting the expression of IFN-gamma. Finally, we find that caNFATc1 enhances expression of functional P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1, up-regulates Fas ligand expression, and increases susceptibility to activation-induced cell death, cellular traits that are preferentially associated with Th1 effector cells. Taken together, these results suggest that sustained NFAT signaling, mediated by ectopic expression of caNFATc1, acts to promote a Th1-like pattern of gene expression and thereby serves to highlight the important relationship between the degree of NFAT signaling and the qualitative pattern of gene expression induced during T cell activation.
|
['Animals', 'Apoptosis', 'CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes', 'CD40 Ligand', 'Cells, Cultured', 'DNA-Binding Proteins', 'Down-Regulation', 'Drug Synergism', 'Fas Ligand Protein', 'Female', 'Interferon-gamma', 'Interleukin-2', 'Interleukin-4', 'L-Selectin', 'Leukemia Virus, Murine', 'Leukocyte Common Antigens', 'Ligands', 'Lymphocyte Count', 'Membrane Glycoproteins', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred BALB C', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Mice, Knockout', 'Mice, Transgenic', 'NFATC Transcription Factors', 'Nuclear Proteins', 'P-Selectin', 'Receptors, Interleukin-2', 'Signal Transduction', 'Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate', 'Th1 Cells', 'Th2 Cells', 'Transcription Factors', 'Up-Regulation', 'fas Receptor']
| 11,994,444
|
[['B01.050'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.569.200', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.200', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.200'], ['D12.644.276.374.750.124', 'D12.776.395.550.185', 'D12.776.467.374.750.124', 'D12.776.543.550.198', 'D23.529.374.750.124'], ['A11.251'], ['D12.776.260'], ['G02.111.240', 'G05.308.200', 'G07.690.773.937'], ['G07.690.773.968.477'], ['D12.644.276.374.750.249', 'D12.776.395.550.312', 'D12.776.467.374.750.249', 'D12.776.543.550.312', 'D23.529.374.750.249'], ['D12.644.276.374.440.893', 'D12.644.276.374.480.615.350', 'D12.776.467.374.440.893', 'D12.776.467.374.480.615.350', 'D23.529.374.440.893', 'D23.529.374.480.615.350'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.021', 'D12.644.276.374.480.372', 'D12.776.467.374.465.021', 'D12.776.467.374.480.372', 'D23.529.374.465.155', 'D23.529.374.480.372'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.186', 'D12.776.467.374.465.178', 'D23.529.374.465.186'], ['D12.776.395.550.200.625.903', 'D12.776.395.550.200.700.510', 'D12.776.503.843.510', 'D12.776.543.550.200.625.903', 'D12.776.543.550.200.700.510', 'D12.776.543.750.705.877.903', 'D23.050.301.350.625.903', 'D23.050.301.350.700.510'], ['B04.613.807.375.525', 'B04.820.650.375.525'], ['D08.811.277.352.650.775.400.100.500', 'D12.644.360.587.100.500', 'D12.776.476.592.100.500', 'D12.776.543.733.937.500'], ['D27.720.470.480'], ['E01.370.225.500.195.107.595.500', 'E01.370.225.625.107.595.500', 'E05.200.500.195.107.595.500', 'E05.200.625.107.595.500', 'E05.242.195.107.595.500', 'G04.140.107.595.500', 'G09.188.105.595.500'], ['D12.776.395.550', 'D12.776.543.550'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.338', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.338'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['B01.050.050.136.500.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.455', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800.500'], ['B01.050.050.136.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800'], ['D12.776.930.608'], ['D12.776.660'], ['D12.776.395.550.200.700.775', 'D12.776.395.550.625.905', 'D12.776.503.843.775', 'D12.776.543.550.200.700.775', 'D12.776.543.550.625.905', 'D23.050.301.350.700.775'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.852.420.320'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['D02.455.849.291.500.510.850'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.550.500.400.900', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.200.400.900', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.500.400.900', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.550.500.400.500', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.200.400.500', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.500.400.500', 'A15.382.490.555.567.550.500.400.900', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.200.400.900', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.500.400.900'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.550.500.400.905', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.200.400.905', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.500.400.905', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.550.500.400.750', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.200.400.750', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.500.400.750', 'A15.382.490.555.567.550.500.400.905', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.200.400.905', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.500.400.905'], ['D12.776.930'], ['G02.111.905', 'G05.308.850', 'G07.690.773.998'], ['D12.776.543.750.690.500', 'D12.776.543.750.705.852.760.195']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Digestive enzyme activities in the guts of bonnethead sharks (Sphyrna tiburo) provide insight into their digestive strategy and evidence for microbial digestion in their hindguts.
|
Few investigations have studied digestive enzyme activities in the alimentary tracts of sharks to gain insight into how these organisms digest their meals. In this study, we examined the activity levels of proteases, carbohydrases, and lipase in the pancreas, and along the anterior intestine, spiral intestine, and colon of the bonnethead shark, Sphyrna tiburo. We then interpreted our data in the context of a rate-yield continuum to discern this shark's digestive strategy. Our data show anticipated decreasing patterns in the activities of pancreatic enzymes moving posteriorly along the gut, but also show mid spiral intestine peaks in aminopeptidase and lipase activities, which support the spiral intestine as the main site of absorption in bonnetheads. Interestingly, we observed spikes in the activity levels of N-acetyl-â-D-glucosaminidase and â-glucosidase in the bonnethead colon, and these chitin- and cellulose-degrading enzymes, respectively, are likely of microbial origin in this distal gut region. Taken in the context of intake and relatively long transit times of food through the gut, the colonic spikes in N-acetyl-â-D-glucosaminidase and â-glucosidase activities suggest that bonnetheads take a yield-maximizing strategy to the digestive process, with some reliance on microbial digestion in their hindguts. This is one of the first studies to examine digestive enzyme activities along the gut of any shark, and importantly, the data match with previous observations that sharks take an extended time to digest their meals (consistent with a yield-maximizing digestive strategy) and that the spiral intestine is the primary site of absorption in sharks.
|
['Acetylglucosaminidase', 'Aminopeptidases', 'Animals', 'Carbohydrate Metabolism', 'Colon', 'Digestion', 'Digestive System', 'Intestinal Mucosa', 'Intestines', 'Lipase', 'Microbiota', 'Pancreas', 'Peptide Hydrolases', 'Sharks', 'Time Factors', 'beta-Glucosidase']
| 26,239,220
|
[['D08.811.277.450.483.180.500'], ['D08.811.277.656.350.100'], ['B01.050'], ['G02.111.158', 'G03.191'], ['A03.556.124.526.356', 'A03.556.249.249.356'], ['G07.203.650.250', 'G10.261.190'], ['A03'], ['A03.556.124.369', 'A10.615.550.444'], ['A03.556.124'], ['D08.811.277.352.100.400'], ['G06.591', 'G16.500.275.157.049.100.500', 'N06.230.124.049.100.500'], ['A03.734'], ['D08.811.277.656'], ['B01.050.150.900.493.370.853'], ['G01.910.857'], ['D08.811.277.450.420.200.100']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
The hydrogen ion equilibria of horseradish peroxidase and apoperoxidase.
|
1. The reversible proton dissociation equilibria of peroxidase, apoperoxidase and haem-recombined apoperoxidase have been explored in 150mm-potassium chloride at 20 degrees C at pH3-11.5. 2. Complementary heat measurements have been made of the classes of titratable groups to determine their intrinsic DeltaH dissociation. 3. These curves are interpreted as showing that there are two histidine residues capable of titration in peroxidase whereas there are three such in apoperoxidase. 4. Concomitant spectroscopic investigations indicate profound differences in the tyrosine ionizations in the two proteins. In peroxidase one group only of the five residues ionizes up to pH11.5. In apoperoxidase four residues are titratable. 5. Spectroscopic titration in 6m-guanidinium chloride and 150mm-potassium chloride reveal one tyrosine residue fewer in peroxidase than in apoperoxidase. 6. These findings are discussed in terms of the ;side chain' groups responsible for binding the haem group in peroxidase. A proximal imidazole group seems probable as is also the involvement of a distally placed tyrosine. 7. The differences between apo- and holo-peroxidase are stressed, particularly in respect of abnormal carboxyl group titration in the former.
|
['Amino Acids', 'Binding Sites', 'Carbohydrates', 'Chemical Phenomena', 'Chemistry, Physical', 'Heme', 'Histidine', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Imidazoles', 'Molecular Weight', 'Peroxidases', 'Potentiometry', 'Protons', 'Spectrum Analysis', 'Tyrosine']
| 5,135,245
|
[['D12.125'], ['G02.111.570.120'], ['D09'], ['G02'], ['H01.181.529'], ['D03.383.129.578.840.500.640.587', 'D03.633.400.909.500.640.587', 'D04.345.783.500.640.587', 'D23.767.727.640.587'], ['D12.125.072.329', 'D12.125.142.308'], ['G02.300'], ['D03.383.129.308'], ['G02.494'], ['D08.811.682.732'], ['E05.196.922.750', 'E05.301.710'], ['D01.248.497.300.459.700', 'D01.268.406.750', 'D01.362.340.750', 'G01.249.660.500'], ['E05.196.867'], ['D12.125.072.050.875']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Correlating gene promoters and expression in gene disruption experiments.
|
MOTIVATION: Finding putative transcription factor binding sites in the upstream sequences of similarly expressed genes has recently become a subject of intensive studies. In this paper we investigate how much gene expression regulation can be attributed to the presence of various binding sites in the gene promoters by correlating the binding sites and the changes in gene expression resulting from gene disruptions (e.g. knockouts).RESULTS: We have developed a data analysis method for comparing mRNA measurements of gene disruption experiments with information about gene promoters. The method was applied to a well-known dataset to uncover correlations between known transcription factor binding site motifs in the upstream regions of all S. cerevisiae genes and the gene expression changes in various gene disruption experiments. The possible explanations of the correlations were categorized and analyzed using e.g. expression cascades. Several correlations turned out to be consistent with existing biological knowledge while some new ones suggest themselves for further study.AVAILABILITY: The resulting tables are available at http://www.cs.helsinki.fi/u/kpalin/CorrDisrupt/.
|
['Algorithms', 'Binding Sites', 'DNA, Fungal', 'Gene Expression Profiling', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Gene Silencing', 'Promoter Regions, Genetic', 'Protein Binding', 'Research', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae', 'Statistics as Topic', 'Transcription Factors']
| 12,386,000
|
[['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['G02.111.570.120'], ['D13.444.308.300'], ['E05.393.332'], ['G05.308'], ['G05.308.203.374'], ['G02.111.570.080.689.675', 'G05.360.080.689.675', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.750.680'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808'], ['H01.770.644'], ['B01.300.107.795.785.800', 'B01.300.930.705.655'], ['E05.318.740', 'H01.548.832', 'N05.715.360.750', 'N06.850.520.830'], ['D12.776.930']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
[The surgeon as a prognostic factor in the treatment of cancer of the rectum].
|
The study of prognostic factors in neoplastic rectal surgery is enriched with a new element, namely, the role of the surgeon. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether this was true of our own experience. We selected 118 patients with rectal cancer operated on with a radical intent by two different surgeons and analyzed factors such as sex, age, Dukes' stage, histological type, tumour length, differentiation and type of operation. We studied these factors by univariate and multivariate analysis in relation to local and distant recurrence and survival. We found statistically significant correlations between distant recurrence and tumour stage, differentiation and surgeon, but between local recurrence and tumour stage only. Multivariate analysis showed statistically significant correlations between distant recurrence and tumour stage and differentiation, but between local recurrence and tumour stage only. As regards survival, we found statistically significant differences in relation to stage, histological type, and differentiation. The role of the surgeon appeared to be important when there are differences in experience, training and specialization.
|
['Age Factors', 'Analysis of Variance', 'Colorectal Surgery', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Neoplasm Metastasis', 'Neoplasm Recurrence, Local', 'Neoplasm Staging', "Physician's Role", 'Prognosis', 'Rectal Neoplasms', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Sex Factors', 'Survival Analysis']
| 12,038,109
|
[['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['E05.318.740.150', 'N05.715.360.750.125', 'N06.850.520.830.150'], ['H02.403.810.208'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.697.650', 'C23.550.727.650'], ['C04.697.655', 'C23.550.727.655'], ['E01.789.625'], ['F01.829.316.616.625.600'], ['E01.789'], ['C04.588.274.476.411.307.790', 'C06.301.371.411.307.790', 'C06.405.249.411.307.790', 'C06.405.469.491.307.790', 'C06.405.469.860.180.500'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['N05.715.350.675', 'N06.850.490.875'], ['E05.318.740.998', 'N05.715.360.750.795', 'N06.850.520.830.998']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Clinical analysis of borderline ovarian tumors.
|
PURPOSE: The goal of this study was to evaluate the incidence and clinical features of borderline ovarian tumors (BOTS).METHODS: We retrospectively performed chart reviews of 22 patients with BOTS who were diagnosed and treated in the university medical center from 1998 to 2009 inclusively.RESULTS: BOTS among ovarian pathology in our hospital were detected in 22 patients (1.79%). The mean age was 50 years, range (20-90). Post surgical FIGO staging was Stage I = 86.4%, and Stage II = 13.6%. The most common histologic subtype was mucinous (59%). Five patients (22.7%) had a unilocular cyst at ultrasonography. Conservative surgery was performed in 31.8%. One patient of them had normal spontaneous delivery after term pregnancy. Two patients had a recurrence. One patient with recurrent disease underwent transformation to invasive cancer and died 35 months after the initial diagnosis.CONCLUSION: Clinicians should warn patients about the early relapse of BOTS and these patients may need careful follow-up due to the possibility of recurrences.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasm Recurrence, Local', 'Neoplasm Staging', 'Ovarian Neoplasms', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Young Adult']
| 21,446,329
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04.697.655', 'C23.550.727.655'], ['E01.789.625'], ['C04.588.322.455', 'C13.351.500.056.630.705', 'C13.351.937.418.685', 'C19.344.410', 'C19.391.630.705'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Contrast-dose relation in first-pass myocardial MR perfusion imaging.
|
PURPOSE: To determine the regime of linear contrast enhancement in human first-pass perfusion cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging to improve accuracy in myocardial perfusion quantification.MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 10 healthy subjects were studied on a clinical 1.5T MR scanner. Seven doses of Gd-DTPA ranging from 0.00125 to 0.1 mmol/kg of body weight (b.w.) were administered as equal volumes by rapid bolus injection (6 mL/second). Resting periods of 15 minutes were introduced after delivery of Gd doses >0.01 mmol/kg b.w. For each subject, two series of rest perfusion scans were performed using two different multislice saturation-recovery perfusion sequences. Maximum contrast enhancement and maximum upslope were obtained in the blood pool of the left ventricular (LV) cavity and in the myocardium. The range of linear contrast-dose relation was determined by linear regression analysis.RESULTS: MR signal intensity increased linearly for contrast agent concentrations up to 0.01 mmol/kg b.w. in the LV blood pool and up to 0.05 mmol/kg b.w. in the myocardium. For Gd concentrations exceeding these thresholds the signal intensity response was not linear with respect to the contrast agent dose.CONCLUSION: Quantitative evaluation of cardiac MR perfusion data needs to account for signal saturation in both the LV blood pool and the myocardium.
|
['Adult', 'Contrast Media', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Female', 'Gadolinium DTPA', 'Humans', 'Image Enhancement', 'Image Processing, Computer-Assisted', 'Linear Models', 'Magnetic Resonance Angiography', 'Male', 'Myocardium']
| 17,520,736
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D27.505.259.500', 'D27.720.259'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['D02.092.782.590.401', 'D02.241.081.018.639.400', 'D02.257.141'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.600.350', 'L01.224.308.380'], ['L01.224.308'], ['E05.318.740.500.500', 'E05.318.740.750.425', 'E05.599.835.750', 'N05.715.360.750.530.460', 'N05.715.360.750.695.460', 'N06.850.520.830.500.500', 'N06.850.520.830.750.425'], ['E01.370.350.825.500.500', 'E01.370.370.050.500'], ['A02.633.580', 'A07.541.704', 'A10.690.552.750']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Contribution of the serine protease HtrA in Escherichia coli to infection in foxes.
|
Escherichia coli can cause severe, acute hemorrhagic pneumonia and systemic infection in farmed foxes, raccoon dogs and minks, leading to considerable economic losses to the farmers. It is well established that the htrA-encoded serine protease HtrA is critical for bacterial growth and survival under stress, and HtrA has been determined to be a potential vaccine target. However, the roles of HtrA in E. coli pathogenesis remain unknown. In this study, we generated an htrA-deletion mutant of the E. coli protype strain HBCLE-12 that causes pneumonia in silver foxes and then evaluated the changes in bacterial physiological characteristics in the absence of HtrA. The data show that knockout of the htrA gene did not affect growth and biochemical characteristics but led to impaired virulence of the strain. Increased susceptibility to environmental stresses, impaired survival in serum, and reduced biofilm formation may contribute to the virulence attenuation of the mutant. Furthermore, the HtrA-deficient mutant was subjected to RNA-seq analysis, and 16 differentially expressed genes were determined. This study provided insight that HtrA plays a definitive role in E. coli-induced infection.
|
['Animal Diseases', 'Animals', 'Bacterial Proteins', 'Biofilms', 'Cold Shock Proteins and Peptides', 'Escherichia coli', 'Escherichia coli Infections', 'Foxes', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial', 'Gene Knockout Techniques', 'Heat-Shock Proteins', 'Mice', 'Periplasmic Proteins', 'Pneumonia', 'Sequence Deletion', 'Serine Endopeptidases', 'Stress, Physiological', 'Transcriptome', 'Virulence', 'Virulence Factors']
| 31,158,492
|
[['C22'], ['B01.050'], ['D12.776.097'], ['A20.593', 'G06.120'], ['D12.644.360.175', 'D12.776.476.175'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['C01.150.252.400.310.330'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.250.216.250'], ['G05.308.300'], ['E05.393.335.750'], ['D12.776.580.216'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['D12.776.090.650', 'D12.776.097.577', 'D12.776.765.537'], ['C01.748.610', 'C08.381.677', 'C08.730.610'], ['G05.365.590.762', 'G05.558.800'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.760', 'D08.811.277.656.959.350'], ['G07.775'], ['G02.111.873.750', 'G05.297.700.750', 'G05.360.920'], ['G06.930'], ['D23.946.896']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Monitoring the past and choosing the future: the prefrontal cortical influences on voluntary action.
|
Choosing between equivalent response options requires the resolution of ambiguity. One could facilitate such decisions by monitoring previous actions and implementing transient or arbitrary rules to differentiate response options. This would reduce the entropy of chosen actions. We examined voluntary action decisions during magnetoencephalography, identifying the spatiotemporal correlates of stimulus- and choice-entropy. Negative correlations between frontotemporal activity and entropy of past trials were observed after participants' responses, reflecting sequential monitoring of recent events. In contrast, choice entropy correlated negatively with prefrontal activity, before and after participants' response, consistent with transient activation of latent response-sets ahead of a decision and updating the monitor of recent decisions after responding. Individual differences in current choices were related to the strength of the prefrontal signals that reflect monitoring of the statistical regularities in previous events. Together, these results explain individual expressions of voluntary action, through differential engagement of prefrontal areas to guide sequential decisions.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Choice Behavior', 'Decision Making', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Magnetoencephalography', 'Male', 'Prefrontal Cortex', 'Reaction Time', 'Young Adult']
| 29,739,978
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['F02.463.785.373.346'], ['F02.463.785.373'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['E01.370.376.500', 'E01.370.405.440', 'E05.540.500'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.270.700'], ['E05.796.817', 'F02.830.650', 'F04.669.817', 'G11.561.677'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Ultrastructural GABA immunocytochemistry in the mossy fiber terminals of Wistar and genetic absence epileptic rats receiving amygdaloid kindling stimulations.
|
The existence of absence epilepsy and temporal lobe epilepsy in the same patient is not common in clinical practice. The reason why both types of seizures are rarely seen in the same patient is not well understood. Therefore, we aimed to investigate kindling in a well known model of human absence epilepsy, genetic absence epilepsy rats from Strasbourg (GAERS). In the present study, we analyzed whether the GABA content of GAERS that received kindling stimulations was altered in the hippocampal mossy fiber terminals compared to non-epileptic control (NEC) Wistar rats. For this purpose, we used an immunocytochemical technique at the ultrastructural level. Ultrathin sections were immunolabeled with anti-GABA antibody and transmission electron microscopy was used for the ultrastructural examination. The number of gold particles per nerve terminal was counted and the area of the nerve terminal was determined using NIH image analysis program. The GABA density was found to be higher in sham-operated GAERS than sham-operated Wistar rats. The density was increased in kindling Wistar group compared to sham-operated Wistar and kindling GAERS groups. No statistical difference was observed between sham-operated GAERS and kindling GAERS groups. The increase in GABA levels in stimulated Wistar rats may be a result of a protective mechanism. Furthermore, there may be strain differences between Wistar rats and GAERS and our findings addressing different epileptogenesis mechanisms in these strains might be a basis for future experimental studies.
|
['Amygdala', 'Animals', 'Dentate Gyrus', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Epilepsy, Absence', 'Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe', 'Genetic Predisposition to Disease', 'Hippocampus', 'Kindling, Neurologic', 'Male', 'Microscopy, Immunoelectron', 'Mossy Fibers, Hippocampal', 'Neural Inhibition', 'Rats', 'Rats, Mutant Strains', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Synaptic Transmission', 'gamma-Aminobutyric Acid']
| 21,195,064
|
[['A08.186.211.180.090', 'A08.186.211.200.885.287.249.152'], ['B01.050'], ['A08.186.211.180.405.200', 'A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.345.200'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['C10.228.140.490.375.260', 'C10.228.140.490.493.125'], ['C10.228.140.490.360.290', 'C10.228.140.490.493.375'], ['C23.550.291.687.500', 'G05.380.355'], ['A08.186.211.180.405', 'A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.345'], ['G11.561.484'], ['E01.370.350.515.402.625', 'E05.595.402.625'], ['A08.186.211.180.405.200.500', 'A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.345.200.500', 'A08.675.542.145.750.500', 'A08.850.700.500', 'A11.671.137.560', 'A11.671.501.145.750.500'], ['G07.265.755', 'G11.561.616'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.550'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900'], ['G02.111.820.850', 'G04.835.850', 'G07.265.880', 'G11.561.830'], ['D02.241.081.114.500.350', 'D12.125.190.350']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Guideline for the production of multicentre physiological reference values using the same measurement system. A proposal of the Catalan Association for Clinical Laboratory Sciences.
|
This article is intended as a guide for the production of biological reference values of healthy people (physiological reference values) by several clinical laboratories using the same measurement system. This guide is a proposal from the Catalan Association of Clinical Laboratory Sciences to be applied worldwide at a regional level. This guide makes it possible for all clinical laboratories in a region using the same measurement system to adopt the same physiological reference limits. The model presented here is based on the assumption that the production of physiological reference values is a professional task that should be shared by both clinical laboratories and the in vitro diagnostics industry.
|
['Clinical Chemistry Tests', 'Clinical Laboratory Techniques', 'Humans', 'Multicenter Studies as Topic', 'Reference Standards', 'Reference Values', 'Research Design']
| 15,327,013
|
[['E01.370.225.124', 'E05.200.124'], ['E01.370.225', 'E05.200'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.372.658', 'N05.715.360.330.643', 'N06.850.520.450.643'], ['E05.978.808'], ['E05.978.810'], ['E05.581.500', 'H01.770.644.728']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Superiority of tissue-culture-grown antigens over egg-grown antigens for serologic diagnosis of influenza B virus infections.
|
Acute and convalescent sera obtained from 10 adults and 21 children who were infected with influenza B virus were tested by hemagglutination inhibition. Of four antigens used, two tissue-culture-grown antigens were superior to either egg-grown or egg-grown, ether-treated antigens in detecting fourfold antibody rise during influenza B virus infection.
|
['Antigens, Viral', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Eggs', 'Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests', 'Humans', 'Influenza B virus', 'Influenza, Human']
| 3,723,116
|
[['D23.050.327'], ['A11.251'], ['G07.203.300.470', 'J02.500.470'], ['E01.370.225.812.735.370', 'E05.200.812.735.370', 'E05.478.594.760.370'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['B04.820.480.968.407.410'], ['C01.748.310', 'C01.925.782.620.365', 'C08.730.310']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Toxicity and narcotic effect of sodium oxybutyrate and ketalar at different periods of combined radiation lesion, burn injury and irradiation exposure].
|
It has been shown that there are differences in the action of sodium hydroxybutyrate and ketamine depending on the stage and type of exposure. Alterations in the duration of anesthesia within the first four days after ionizing radiation are directly opposite to those seen under the conditions of the combined radiation-thermal injury (CRTI) and isolated burn trauma. The anesthetic action of ketamine is potentiated under the conditions of CRTI and remains unchanged under isolated exposures, whereas the toxicity, on the contrary, increases on the 30th day after burn and irradiation.
|
['Analgesics, Opioid', 'Animals', 'Atmosphere Exposure Chambers', 'Burns', 'Gamma Rays', 'Hydroxybutyrates', 'Hypoxia', 'Ketamine', 'Lethal Dose 50', 'Mice', 'Radiation Injuries, Experimental', 'Sodium Oxybate', 'Time Factors']
| 2,867,931
|
[['D27.505.696.277.600.500', 'D27.505.696.663.850.014.760.500', 'D27.505.954.427.040.550.500', 'D27.505.954.427.210.600.500'], ['B01.050'], ['E07.079'], ['C26.200'], ['G01.358.500.505.300', 'G01.750.250.300', 'G01.750.750.400'], ['D02.241.081.114.937', 'D02.241.511.429', 'D10.251.400.143.781'], ['C23.888.852.079'], ['D02.455.426.392.368.367.652'], ['E05.940.402', 'G07.225.500', 'G07.690.773.875.750', 'G07.690.936.500.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['C26.733.720', 'E05.598.500.750', 'G01.750.748.500.720', 'N06.850.460.350.850.500.285', 'N06.850.810.300.360.285'], ['D02.241.081.114.937.700', 'D02.241.511.429.700'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Substance use by college students: the role of intrinsic versus extrinsic motivation for athletic involvement.
|
Certain types of athletic involvement may confer risk for substance use by college students. This study investigated whether motivational factors play a role in the relationship between athletic involvement and substance use. Intercollegiate athletes (n=98) and exercisers (n=120) were surveyed about substance use and motivation for athletic involvement. Athletes and exercisers who were extrinsically motivated had significantly higher rates of alcohol use than their intrinsically motivated counterparts. Results suggest that college students who are extrinsically motivated for involvement in physical activity/athletics--particularly those involved in team sports--may be in need of targeted prevention efforts.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Motivation', 'Sports', 'Students', 'Substance-Related Disorders', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Universities']
| 16,938,065
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.658', 'F01.752.543.500.750'], ['I03.450.642.845'], ['M01.848'], ['C25.775', 'F03.900'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['I02.783.830', 'J03.832.830']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Early myocardial lesions induced by cardiotoxic compounds in Sprague-Dawley rats.
|
Early focal myocardial lesions in rats induced by five cardiotoxic compounds were histopathologically observed 1 hr and 4 hr after a single intravenous injection with 1/10 LD50 and LD50. The lesions were observed 1 hr and 4 hr after the treatment with LD50 of isoproterenol (ISP), 4 hr with 1/10 LD50 of ISP, 4 hr with LD50 of hydralazine (HYD), caffeine (CAF) and cyclophosphamide (CYC), but not with adriamycin (ADR). The lesions consisted of homogeneously intensely eosinophilic staining, contraction band formation and fragmentation of cardiac muscle fibers. The lesions were interspersed in the inner one third of the left ventricular walls including the papillary muscles with ISP, HYD and CAF, and were all over the ventricular myocardium with CYC.
|
['Animals', 'Caffeine', 'Cyclophosphamide', 'Doxorubicin', 'Heart', 'Hydralazine', 'Isoproterenol', 'Lethal Dose 50', 'Male', 'Myocardial Contraction', 'Myocardium', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley']
| 8,844,612
|
[['B01.050'], ['D03.132.960.175', 'D03.633.100.759.758.824.175'], ['D02.455.526.728.650.730.243', 'D02.705.672.500.243'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.562.050.200.175', 'D04.615.562.050.200.175', 'D09.408.051.059.200.175'], ['A07.541'], ['D03.383.710.605.500'], ['D02.033.100.291.439', 'D02.092.063.291.439', 'D02.092.311.649', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.175.649'], ['E05.940.402', 'G07.225.500', 'G07.690.773.875.750', 'G07.690.936.500.750'], ['G09.330.580', 'G11.427.494.570'], ['A02.633.580', 'A07.541.704', 'A10.690.552.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Presence and expression of terminal oxygen reductases in strictly anaerobic sulfate-reducing bacteria isolated from salt-marsh sediments.
|
In the anaerobic sulfate-reducing bacterium Desulfovibrio vulgaris Hildenborough genes were found encoding membrane terminal oxygen reductases of two types: a cytochrome c oxidase and a cytochrome bd oxidase, both enzymes are terminal oxidases typical of facultative or aerobic microorganisms (Heidelberg JF, et al., The genome sequence of the anaerobic, sulfate-reducing bacterium D. vulgaris Hildenborough. Nat Biotechnol 2004; 22: 554-9). To apprehend the presence of both oxidases in other sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB), several assays were performed on isolates recovered from salt-marsh sediments in Portugal, representative of the different phylogenetic groups identified. Hybridization and PCR experiments for DNA sequencing were performed on the chosen isolates. Primers were selected to amplify conserved regions of cytochrome c oxidases and cytochrome bd oxidases taking into consideration alignment of corresponding subunit I sequences. The results showed that both oxidase genes are present on the chromosome of several isolates characterized as Desulfovibrio. These genes were shown to be transcribed, as demonstrated by Reverse Transcriptase-PCR experiments on total RNA. In order to assess the relative contribution of each oxidase to oxygen consumption, oxygen uptake was measured for each isolate and further characterized by the effect of cyanide on oxygen consumption. It was concluded that cytochrome bd oxidase was the terminal membrane oxygen reductase allowing oxygen consumption. In addition, it was observed that isolates containing cytochrome bd oxidase had higher resistance to air exposure, suggesting an important role of this enzyme in survival to air exposure. The pattern for the presence of oxygen reductase genes was compared to the physiological pattern of substrate use, which was determined for each isolate. Salinity tolerance, pH and temperature growth of each isolate were also analyzed.
|
['Anaerobiosis', 'Cytochrome d Group', 'Cytochromes b', 'Desulfovibrio vulgaris', 'Electron Transport Complex IV', 'Geologic Sediments', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Oxidoreductases', 'Oxygen', 'Oxygen Consumption', 'Phylogeny', 'Portugal', 'Seawater', 'Sequence Analysis, DNA', 'Sulfur-Reducing Bacteria']
| 18,457,966
|
[['G02.111.062', 'G03.078'], ['D08.244.300', 'D12.776.422.220.300'], ['D08.244.187.249', 'D12.776.422.220.187.249'], ['B03.440.425.410.350.875', 'B03.660.125.144.500.875.875', 'B03.900.350.875'], ['D05.500.562.374', 'D08.811.600.250.687', 'D08.811.682.285', 'D12.776.157.530.450.250.875.304', 'D12.776.543.277.687', 'D12.776.543.585.450.250.875.484'], ['G01.311.330', 'G16.500.320'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['D08.811.682'], ['D01.268.185.550', 'D01.362.670'], ['G03.680'], ['G05.697', 'G16.075.605', 'L01.100.697'], ['Z01.542.727'], ['G16.500.275.725.500'], ['E05.393.760.700'], ['B03.900']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
|
Intramural neurofibroma of the trachea treated by multiple stents.
|
The case history is presented of a patient in whom an intramural tracheal neurofibroma developed, causing severe airway stenosis. The patient was treated with multiple stents over a period of 5 years because of progression of the disease and associated airflow limitation. Clinicians should be aware of this rare complication of neurofibromatosis.
|
['Bronchoscopy', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Middle Aged', 'Neurofibroma', 'Neurofibromatosis 1', 'Respiratory Function Tests', 'Stents', 'Tracheal Neoplasms']
| 11,413,361
|
[['E01.370.386.105', 'E01.370.388.250.100', 'E04.502.250.100', 'E04.928.600.080'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04.557.580.600.580', 'C10.551.775.500.750', 'C10.668.829.725.500.600'], ['C04.557.580.600.580.590.650', 'C04.700.631.650', 'C10.562.600.500', 'C10.574.500.549.400', 'C10.668.829.675', 'C16.320.400.560.400', 'C16.320.700.633.650'], ['E01.370.386.700'], ['E07.695.750'], ['C04.588.443.925', 'C04.588.894.797.760', 'C08.785.760', 'C08.907.563']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Modelling eye-head coordination without pre-planning--a reflex-based approach.
|
The gaze orientation system is a prime example of the CNS using multiple platforms to achieve its goal. To move the gaze in space, the eyes, head, and body cooperate to place the image of the target on the fovea. Understanding the underlying neural circuitry innervating this collaboration could also be a cue to understanding other movement related CNS tasks involving multiple platforms, i.e., posture and locomotion. Basically two major network topologies for modeling the gaze orientation system have been proposed: the independent controller model and the shared gaze feedback controller model. In the independent controller model, each platform (i.e., eyes, head or trunk) receives its own share of the retinal error (distance of the target from the current gaze position) independent from other platform(s) and its goal is to null its individual error, whereas, in the shared gaze feedback controller all platforms collaborate to null the shared global error, which is calculated on the fly using feedback from all platforms or reflexes. Each of the mentioned general topologies has its own supporters and the question is which does the CNS actually use. In this article, based on evidence from neurophysiology and behavior, complemented by simulation data, it will be shown why a shared feedback controller is the better candidate for this task. More specifically, simulations of an updated Prsa-Galiana model (the Shared Sensory-Motor Integration (SMI) model) will be discussed in more detail and, where applicable, compared with other popular models, including independent and shared controller models. It provides plausible explanations for observations on gaze shifts with various interventions.
|
['Computer Simulation', 'Eye Movements', 'Feedback, Sensory', 'Fixation, Ocular', 'Head Movements', 'Humans', 'Models, Neurological', 'Muscle Contraction', 'Oculomotor Muscles', 'Postural Balance', 'Reflex']
| 23,366,948
|
[['L01.224.160'], ['G11.427.410.140', 'G14.350'], ['F04.754.137.301.500', 'F04.754.308.500.500', 'F04.754.339', 'G07.410.732.500'], ['G14.350.253'], ['G11.427.410.478'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.599.395.642'], ['G11.427.494'], ['A02.633.567.700'], ['F02.830.816.541.752', 'G07.888.750.500', 'G11.427.690', 'G11.561.790.541.595'], ['E01.370.376.550.650', 'E01.370.600.550.650', 'F02.830.702', 'G11.561.731']]
|
['Information Science [L]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Results from two online surveys comparing sexual risk behaviors in Hispanic, black, and white men who have sex with men.
|
Many men who have sex with men (MSM) are among those who increasingly use the internet to find sexual partners. Few studies have compared behavior by race/ethnicity in internet-based samples of MSM. We examined the association of race/ethnicity with HIV risk-related behavior among 10,979 Hispanic, black, and white MSM recruited online. Significant variations by race/ethnicity were found in: age, income level, sexual orientation, number of lifetime male and female sexual partners, and rates of unprotected anal intercourse (UAI). Black and Hispanic men were more likely to report anal intercourse during the last sexual encounter, but white men were more likely to report UAI. In multivariate analysis, UAI was associated with HIV infection and sex with a main partner. Significant risk behavior variations by race/ethnicity were found. Research is needed to better target online interventions to MSM who engage in UAI or have other risk factors for transmitting or acquiring HIV.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'African Americans', 'European Continental Ancestry Group', 'Female', 'HIV Infections', 'HIV Seropositivity', 'Health Surveys', 'Hispanic Americans', 'Humans', 'Internet', 'Male', 'Risk-Taking', 'Sexual Behavior', 'Sexual Partners', 'Unsafe Sex', 'Young Adult']
| 21,691,760
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.686.508.100.100', 'M01.686.754.100'], ['M01.686.508.400'], ['C01.221.250.875', 'C01.221.812.640.400', 'C01.778.640.400', 'C01.925.782.815.616.400', 'C01.925.813.400', 'C20.673.480'], ['C01.221.250.875.500', 'C01.221.812.640.400.500', 'C01.778.640.400.500', 'C01.925.782.815.616.400.500', 'C01.925.813.400.500', 'C20.673.480.500'], ['E05.318.308.980.438', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438'], ['M01.686.754.441'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.224.230.110.500'], ['F01.145.722'], ['F01.145.802'], ['M01.778'], ['F01.145.802.987'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Acute versus chronic pain experience in Alzheimer's disease. a new questionnaire.
|
The low use of analgesics in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), compared to nondemented elderly persons, is generally explained by (1) a lower prevalence of painful conditions in the former group and (2) undertreatment of pain due to a decrease in communicative abilities in AD. However, considering the neuropathology in limbic areas in this disorder, a decline in pain affect may also explain this phenomenon. In the present study, a newly developed questionnaire was applied to 20 elderly persons without dementia, 20 patients in an early stage and 20 patients in a midstage of AD. The questionnaire includes 10 pairs of painful situations, each pair consisting of an acute and a chronic affective painful situation. It was hypothesized that, compared to controls, AD patients during the course of the disease would report to suffer increasingly more from an acute than from a chronic, affective painful situation. The results support our hypothesis. Limitations of the present study are discussed.
|
['Acute Disease', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Alzheimer Disease', 'Chronic Disease', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Mental Status Schedule', 'Middle Aged', 'Pain', 'Pain Measurement', 'Pain Threshold']
| 10,629,356
|
[['C23.550.291.125'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['C10.228.140.380.100', 'C10.574.945.249', 'F03.615.400.100'], ['C23.550.291.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F04.711.513.603.500', 'F04.711.513.653.574'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C23.888.592.612', 'F02.830.816.444', 'G11.561.790.444'], ['E01.370.600.550.324'], ['F02.463.593.710.560', 'F02.830.816.444.700', 'G11.561.790.444.700']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Sudden unexpected death in an adult patient with endocardial cushion defect.
|
A 50-year-old male died following a road traffic accident. Postmortem examination revealed that the injuries caused by the accident did not seem to have caused his death. A large ostium primum defect was found, with bridging leaflets attached to the interventricular septum. In this article, we present a case of sudden death with partial endocardial cushion defect and discuss the mechanism of death. We believe that this is the first report of sudden death caused by endocardial cushion defect.
|
['Accidents, Traffic', 'Death, Sudden, Cardiac', 'Endocardial Cushion Defects', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged']
| 15,363,756
|
[['N06.850.135.392'], ['C14.280.383.220', 'C23.550.260.322.250'], ['C14.240.400.560.350', 'C14.280.400.560.350', 'C16.131.240.400.560.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Plasma radioiron kinetics in man: explanation for the effect of plasma iron concentration.
|
The plasma iron turnover was measured in 19 normal subjects. A correlation was found between plasma iron concentration and plasma iron turnover. In addition to the turnover of 55Fe at normal plasma iron concentration (predominantly monoferric transferrin), a second turnover in which the labeled plasma was saturated with iron (to produce predominantly diferric transferrin) was studied with 50Fe. It was demonstrated that diferric transferrin had a greater rate of iron turnover but that the distribution between erythroid and non-erythroid tissues was unchanged. It was concluded that plasma iron turnover is dependent on the monoferric/diferric transferrin ratio in the plasma but that the internal distribution of iron is unaffected.
|
['Adult', 'Blood Volume', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Iron', 'Iron Radioisotopes', 'Kinetics', 'Male', 'Transferrin']
| 274,740
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['G09.188.130', 'G09.330.380.092'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D01.268.556.412', 'D01.268.956.287', 'D01.552.544.412'], ['D01.268.556.412.500.498', 'D01.268.956.287.500.498', 'D01.496.473.498', 'D01.496.749.514', 'D01.552.544.412.500.498'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['D12.776.124.050.800', 'D12.776.124.790.223.839', 'D12.776.157.427.750.500', 'D12.776.377.715.182.839', 'D12.776.556.579.750.500']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Spectrophotometric quantitative analysis of the main hemoglobin derivatives.
|
A spectrophotometric multiwavelength method for the simultaneous determination of the main hemoglobin derivatives including oxyhemoglobin, deoxyhemoglobin, carboxyhemoglobin, and methemoglobin has been developed. The choice of analytical wavelengths was made by the methods of information factors and linear programming. The software for the quantitative analysis was developed considering the least square method, linear programming, algebraic background correction, and combined methods including linear programming and algebraic background correction.
|
['Carboxyhemoglobin', 'Hemoglobins', 'Humans', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Least-Squares Analysis', 'Male', 'Methemoglobin', 'Oxyhemoglobins', 'Smoking', 'Software', 'Spectrophotometry']
| 9,864,449
|
[['D12.776.124.400.141', 'D12.776.422.316.762.149'], ['D12.776.124.400', 'D12.776.422.316.762'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G02.300'], ['E05.318.740.750.400', 'N05.715.360.750.695.440', 'N06.850.520.830.750.400'], ['D12.776.124.400.599', 'D12.776.422.316.762.571'], ['D12.776.124.400.707', 'D12.776.422.316.762.687'], ['F01.145.805'], ['L01.224.900'], ['E05.196.712.726', 'E05.196.867.826']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Three-dimensional Mammary Epithelial Cell Morphogenesis Model for Analysis of TGF? Signaling.
|
Culturing mammary epithelial cells in laminin-rich extracellular matrices (three dimensional or 3D culture) offers significant advantages over that in the conventional two-dimensional (2D) tissue culture system in that it takes into considetation the impact of extracellular matrix (ECM) microenvironment on the proliferation, survival, and differentiation of mammary epithelial cells. When grown in the 3D culture, untransformed mammary epithelial cells undergo morphogenesis to form a multicellular and polarized acini-like structure that functionally mimics the differentiated alveoli in the pregnancy mammary gland. This process is subjected to regulation by many growth factors and cytokines. The transforming growth factor-? (TGF?) is a multipotent cytokine that regulates multiple aspects of development and tumorigenesis. In addition to its effects on epithelial cell proliferation, survival, and differentiation, it is also a potent regulator of the cell-matrix interaction. Thus, the 3D culture model may recapitulate the complex in vivo epithelial cell microenvironment and allow us to fully evaluate the role of TGF? signaling in multiple aspects of normal and cancerous cell behavior. In this chapter we provide detailed protocols for growing mammary epithelial cells in the 3D Matrigel for analysis of signaling pathways.
|
['Acinar Cells', 'Cell Culture Techniques', 'Cell Differentiation', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Collagen', 'Drug Combinations', 'Epithelial Cells', 'Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition', 'Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect', 'Humans', 'Laminin', 'Mammary Glands, Human', 'Morphogenesis', 'Proteoglycans', 'Signal Transduction', 'Transforming Growth Factor beta']
| 26,520,121
|
[['A11.031'], ['E01.370.225.500.223', 'E05.200.500.265', 'E05.242.223', 'E05.481.500.249'], ['G04.152'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['D05.750.078.280', 'D12.776.860.300.250'], ['D26.310'], ['A11.436'], ['G04.356.500'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512.240.310', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512.240.310', 'E05.200.500.607.512.240.310', 'E05.200.750.551.512.240.310', 'E05.478.583.375.310'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.395.550.530', 'D12.776.543.550.500', 'D12.776.860.300.675'], ['A01.236.249', 'A10.336.532'], ['G07.345.500'], ['D09.698.735', 'D12.776.395.650'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['D12.644.276.374.687', 'D12.644.276.954.775', 'D12.776.467.374.687', 'D12.776.467.942.775', 'D23.529.374.687', 'D23.529.942.775']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Dysfunctional vestibular system causes a blood pressure drop in astronauts returning from space.
|
It is a challenge for the human body to maintain stable blood pressure while standing. The body's failure to do so can lead to dizziness or even fainting. For decades it has been postulated that the vestibular organ can prevent a drop in pressure during a position change--supposedly mediated by reflexes to the cardiovascular system. We show--for the first time--a significant correlation between decreased functionality of the vestibular otolith system and a decrease in the mean arterial pressure when a person stands up. Until now, no experiments on Earth could selectively suppress both otolith systems; astronauts returning from space are a unique group of subjects in this regard. Their otolith systems are being temporarily disturbed and at the same time they often suffer from blood pressure instability. In our study, we observed the functioning of both the otolith and the cardiovascular system of the astronauts before and after spaceflight. Our finding indicates that an intact otolith system plays an important role in preventing blood pressure instability during orthostatic challenges. Our finding not only has important implications for human space exploration; they may also improve the treatment of unstable blood pressure here on Earth.
|
['Adult', 'Astronauts', 'Blood Pressure', 'Cardiovascular System', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Posture', 'Space Flight', 'Vestibule, Labyrinth', 'Vision, Ocular']
| 26,671,177
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.526.173'], ['E01.370.600.875.249', 'G09.330.380.076'], ['A07'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G11.427.695'], ['J01.937.285.850'], ['A09.246.300.909'], ['F02.830.816.964', 'G02.111.820.480.900', 'G04.835.480.900', 'G11.561.790.964', 'G14.935']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Short-term results of total hip replacements performed by visiting surgeons at an NHS treatment centre.
|
Between December 2004 and June 2006, 136 patients (156 total hip replacements), were sent from the waiting list of the Cardiff Vale NHS Trust to the NHS Treatment Centre, Weston-super-Mare, in an attempt to reduce the waiting time for total hip replacement. Because of concerns about their outcome, each patient was contacted and invited to attend a review appointment with a consultant specialising in hip and revision hip replacement. A total of 98 patients (113 hips) were reviewed after a mean of 23 months (11 to 30). There were 104 cemented hips, seven hybrid and two cementless. An acetabular inclination of > 55 degrees was seen in 18 (16%). Radiolucent lines around the acetabular component were seen in 76 (67%). The femoral component was in more than 4 degrees of varus in 47 (42%). The medial floor had been breached in 13 (12%) and there was a leg-length discrepancy of more than 1 cm in ten (9%). There were three dislocations, one femoral fracture, one pulmonary embolus, one deep infection and two superficial wound infections. To date, 13% (15 hips) have been revised and a further 4% (five hips) await revision, mostly for a painful loose acetabular component. The revision rate far exceeds the 0.5% five-year failure rate reported in the Swedish Registry for the components used. This initiative and the consequent need for correction of the problems created, has significantly increased the workload of our unit.
|
['Acetabulum', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip', 'England', 'Female', 'Hip Prosthesis', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'National Health Programs', 'Radiography', 'Referral and Consultation', 'Reoperation', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Waiting Lists', 'Workload']
| 19,721,039
|
[['A02.835.232.043.825.108'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['E04.555.110.110.110', 'E04.650.110.110', 'E04.680.101.110.110'], ['Z01.542.363.300'], ['E07.695.400.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['N03.349.550'], ['E01.370.350.700'], ['N04.452.758.849'], ['E04.690'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['N04.452.095.738'], ['I03.946.225.500', 'N04.452.677.650.500']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Modeling human papillomavirus vaccine effectiveness: quantifying the impact of parameter uncertainty.
|
The development of models is based on assumptions, which inevitably embed a level of uncertainty. Quantifying such uncertainty is particularly important when modeling human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine effectiveness; the natural history of infection and disease is complex, and age- and type-specific data remain scarce and incomplete. The aim of this study was to predict the impact of HPV-6/11/16/18 vaccination, using a cohort model and measuring parameter uncertainty. An extensive fitting procedure was conducted, which identified 164 posterior parameter combinations (out of 200,000 prior parameter sets) that fit simultaneously HPV type-specific incidence and prevalence data for infection, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Results based on these posterior parameter sets suggest that vaccinating girls aged 12 years (vaccine efficacy = 95%, no waning) would reduce their lifetime risk of HPV infection, CIN1, CIN2/3, and SCC by 21% (80% credibility interval: 17, 29), 24% (80% credibility interval: 17, 31), 49% (80% credibility interval: 36, 60), and 61% (80% credibility interval: 47, 73), respectively. If vaccine efficacy is reduced or vaccine protection is assumed to wane, uncertainty surrounding predictions widens considerably. Important priorities for future research are to understand the role of natural immunity and to measure the duration of vaccine protection because results were most sensitive to these parameters.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Carcinoma, Squamous Cell', 'Child', 'Computer Simulation', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Middle Aged', 'Models, Theoretical', 'Papillomaviridae', 'Papillomavirus Infections', 'Papillomavirus Vaccines', 'Uncertainty', 'Uterine Cervical Neoplasms', 'Viral Vaccines']
| 17,276,976
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['C04.557.470.200.400', 'C04.557.470.700.400'], ['M01.060.406'], ['L01.224.160'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.599'], ['B04.280.210.655', 'B04.613.204.655'], ['C01.925.256.650', 'C01.925.928.725'], ['D20.215.894.899.498'], ['E05.318.740.600.900', 'F02.463.785.373.820', 'G17.680.875', 'N05.715.360.750.625.850', 'N06.850.520.830.600.900'], ['C04.588.945.418.948.850', 'C13.351.500.852.593.131', 'C13.351.500.852.762.850', 'C13.351.937.418.875.850'], ['D20.215.894.899']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Distinguishing rate-limiting electron versus H-atom transfers in Cu2O2-mediated oxidative N-dealkylations: application of inter- versus intramolecular kinetic isotope effects.
|
Copper-dioxygen adducts are important biological oxidants. To gain a better understanding of the underlying chemistries of such species, we report on a series of Cu2II-O2 complexes, [{CuII(MePY2)R'}2(O2)](B(C6F5)4)2 (1R') (where (MePY2)R' is a 4-pyridyl substituted bis[2-(2-(4-R'-pyridyl)ethyl]methylamine; R' = H, MeO, Me2N; Zhang, C. X.; et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2003, 125, 634-635), which readily oxidize exogenous substrates. In this study, we explore the mechanism by which 1R' facilitates the oxidative N-dealkylation of para-substituted N,N-dimethylanilines (R-DMA; R = MeO, Me, H, CN). In the case of 1H, the linear free-energy correlation plot (rho = -2.1) and intramolecular deuterium kinetic isotope effect (KIEintra, using p-R-(C6H4)-N(CH3)(CD3)) profile suggest that R-DMA oxidation occurs through rate-limiting electron transfer (ET). This mechanism was further enforced by comparison of KIEintra versus the intermolecular KIE (KIEinter, using p-R-(C6H4)-N(CH3)2 versus p-R-(C6H4)-N(CD3)2). It was found that KIEinter < KIEintra, suggesting an ET process. In the case of both 1MeO and 1Me2N, the KIEintra profile and linear free-energy correlation plots (rho = -0.49 and -0.99 for 1Me2N and 1MeO with especially poor fitting for the latter) are inconclusive in distinguishing between a rate-limiting ET or hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) pathway. Comparisons of KIEinter versus KIEintra demonstrate a switch in mechanism from ET to HAT for 1Me2N and 1MeO oxidation of R-DMA as R-DMA is made less reducing. In the case of 1Me2N, MeO-DMA and Me-DMA are oxidized via a rate-limiting ET (KIEinter < KIEintra), while H-DMA and CN-DMA are oxidized through a HAT pathway (KIEinter approximately KIEintra). For 1MeO, oxidation occurs through an ET pathway for MeO-, Me-, and H-DMA (KIEinter < KIEintra), while CN-DMA is oxidized though a HAT process (KIEinter approximately KIEintra). Copper complex attributes, which may contribute to the mechanistic observations, are suggested.
|
['Alkylation', 'Aniline Compounds', 'Copper', 'Electrons', 'Hydrogen', 'Kinetics', 'Oxidation-Reduction', 'Oxygen']
| 14,558,790
|
[['G02.111.035', 'G02.607.094', 'G03.059'], ['D02.092.146'], ['D01.268.556.195', 'D01.268.956.170', 'D01.552.544.195'], ['G01.249.335', 'G01.358.500.750'], ['D01.268.406', 'D01.362.340'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['G02.700', 'G03.295.531'], ['D01.268.185.550', 'D01.362.670']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Cross-sectional evaluation of bone metabolism in men.
|
There are relatively few data concerning age-related changes of bone turnover in men. The aim of the study was to evaluate age-related changes of the levels of serum and urinary biochemical markers of bone metabolism in a large cohort of 934 men aged 19-85 years and to investigate their association with bone mineral density (BMD). Bone formation was evaluated using serum levels of osteocalcin (OC), bone alkaline phosphatase (BAP), and N-terminal extension propeptide of type I collagen (PINP). Bone resorption was evaluated by measurement of urinary excretion of beta-isomerized C-terminal telopeptide of collagen type I beta-CTX) of free deoxypyridinoline (fDpyr) and total Dpyr (tDPyr) and of the serum level of beta-CTX. Levels of biochemical bone markers were very high in young men and decreased rapidly until the age of 40 years and then more slowly until 60 years of age. After the age of 60 years, markers of bone formation remained stable while resorption markers showed a moderate and variable increase with aging. Serum and urinary beta-CTX levels were elevated only in about 5% of elderly men. The age-related increase of urinary excretion of tDpyr and of its free and peptide-bound fractions was related to the presence of elevated levels in a subgroup of about 15% of elderly men. Before 60 years of age, levels of biochemical bone markers were not correlated with BMD, whereas after 60 years of age, they were correlated negatively with BMD. After adjustment for age and body weight, BMD in men with the highest levels of biochemical bone markers (i.e., in the upper quartile) was 1.8-12.5% (i.e., 0.25-0.89 SD) lower than in men with levels of biochemical bone markers in the lowest quartile. In conclusion, bone turnover in men is high in young adults and decreases to reach a nadir at 55-60 years of age. After the age of 60 years, bone resorption markers--but not bone formation markers--increase in some men and are associated with lower BMD, suggesting that this imbalance is responsible for increasing bone loss in elderly men.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Aging', 'Alkaline Phosphatase', 'Amino Acids', 'Biomarkers', 'Bone Density', 'Bone Resorption', 'Bone and Bones', 'Collagen', 'Collagen Type I', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Osteocalcin', 'Peptides', 'Phosphopeptides', 'Procollagen']
| 11,547,833
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['G07.345.124'], ['D08.811.277.352.650.035'], ['D12.125'], ['D23.101'], ['G11.427.100'], ['C05.116.264', 'G11.427.213.150'], ['A02.835.232', 'A10.165.265'], ['D05.750.078.280', 'D12.776.860.300.250'], ['D05.750.078.280.300.100', 'D12.776.860.300.250.300.100'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D12.776.157.125.700'], ['D12.644'], ['D12.644.717'], ['D12.776.811.690', 'D12.776.860.300.250.600']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Chlorophyll fluorescence tracks seasonal variations of photosynthesis from leaf to canopy in a temperate forest.
|
Accurate estimation of terrestrial gross primary productivity (GPP) remains a challenge despite its importance in the global carbon cycle. Chlorophyll fluorescence (ChlF) has been recently adopted to understand photosynthesis and its response to the environment, particularly with remote sensing data. However, it remains unclear how ChlF and photosynthesis are linked at different spatial scales across the growing season. We examined seasonal relationships between ChlF and photosynthesis at the leaf, canopy, and ecosystem scales and explored how leaf-level ChlF was linked with canopy-scale solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) in a temperate deciduous forest at Harvard Forest, Massachusetts, USA. Our results show that ChlF captured the seasonal variations of photosynthesis with significant linear relationships between ChlF and photosynthesis across the growing season over different spatial scales (R2 = 0.73, 0.77, and 0.86 at leaf, canopy, and satellite scales, respectively; P < 0.0001). We developed a model to estimate GPP from the tower-based measurement of SIF and leaf-level ChlF parameters. The estimation of GPP from this model agreed well with flux tower observations of GPP (R2 = 0.68; P < 0.0001), demonstrating the potential of SIF for modeling GPP. At the leaf scale, we found that leaf Fq '/Fm ', the fraction of absorbed photons that are used for photochemistry for a light-adapted measurement from a pulse amplitude modulation fluorometer, was the best leaf fluorescence parameter to correlate with canopy SIF yield (SIF/APAR, R2 = 0.79; P < 0.0001). We also found that canopy SIF and SIF-derived GPP (GPPSIF ) were strongly correlated to leaf-level biochemistry and canopy structure, including chlorophyll content (R2 = 0.65 for canopy GPPSIF and chlorophyll content; P < 0.0001), leaf area index (LAI) (R2 = 0.35 for canopy GPPSIF and LAI; P < 0.0001), and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) (R2 = 0.36 for canopy GPPSIF and NDVI; P < 0.0001). Our results suggest that ChlF can be a powerful tool to track photosynthetic rates at leaf, canopy, and ecosystem scales.
|
['Chlorophyll', 'Ecosystem', 'Environmental Monitoring', 'Fluorescence', 'Forests', 'Massachusetts', 'Photosynthesis', 'Plant Leaves', 'Seasons']
| 27,976,474
|
[['D03.383.129.578.840.374', 'D03.633.400.909.374', 'D04.345.783.374'], ['G16.500.275.157', 'N06.230.124'], ['N06.850.460.350.080', 'N06.850.780.375'], ['G01.358.500.505.650.665.500', 'G01.590.540.665.500'], ['G16.500.275.157.437', 'N06.230.124.343'], ['Z01.107.567.875.550.510'], ['G02.111.158.937', 'G02.111.669.700', 'G02.740.921', 'G03.191.937', 'G03.493.700', 'G03.800.700', 'G15.568'], ['A18.024.812'], ['G01.910.645.661', 'G16.500.275.071.590', 'N06.230.300.100.250.525']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Sex bias in psychological research. Progress or complacency?
|
A total of 4,952 articles published in 1970, 1975, 1980, 1985, and 1990 in the areas of developmental, clinical, physiological, and social psychology were reviewed for the purpose of assessing various indicators of sexism in human psychological research. Significant changes in sex of first author, sex of participants, sexist language, and inappropriate generalization indicated that sexism has clearly diminished in the past two decades. Despite these improvements, however, the data revealed continued evidence of discriminatory practices, suggesting that efforts to eliminate sexism must be strengthened if psychology is to be a nonsexist discipline.
|
['Female', 'Gender Identity', 'Humans', 'Prejudice', 'Psychology', 'Publishing', 'Research', 'United States', "Women's Rights"]
| 1,562,109
|
[['F01.393.446.250', 'F01.752.747.385.200', 'F01.752.747.722.200', 'F02.739.794.793.200'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.145.813.550', 'F01.829.595'], ['F04.096.628'], ['L01.737'], ['H01.770.644'], ['Z01.107.567.875'], ['I01.880.604.473.850', 'N03.706.437.850']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Interferon treatment inhibits glycosylation of a viral protein.
|
Earlier, we reported a 30-200-fold reduction in the yield of infectious vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) released from L cells treated with 10-30 reference units ml-1 of interferon (IFN); however, in these cultures virus particle production, as measured by VSV particle-associated viral RNA, virus nucleocapsid protein and viral transcriptase, was inhibited less than 10-fold. There was biochemical and morphological evidence of a significant reduction in glycoprotein (G) and membrane protein (M) of VSV particles released from IFN-treated cells. We compare here the effects of tunicamycin (TM) and IFN in L cells. Treatment with TM or IFN reduced the production of infectious VSV particles, decreased the amount of G and M proteins in VSV released from treated cells, and inhibited an early step in the formation of asparagine-linked oligosaccharide chains, the incorporation by membrane preparations from treated cells of N-acetylglucosamine into glycolipids with the properties of dolichol derivatives.
|
['Dolichol Phosphates', 'Glucosamine', 'Glycoproteins', 'Interferons', 'Tunicamycin', 'Uridine Diphosphate N-Acetylglucosamine', 'Vesicular stomatitis Indiana virus', 'Viral Proteins', 'Virus Replication']
| 6,159,539
|
[['D02.033.318.250', 'D02.033.415.230.250', 'D02.455.849.366.250', 'D02.455.849.690.250', 'D02.705.400.725.200', 'D10.289.230.250'], ['D09.067.342.531'], ['D09.400.430', 'D12.776.395'], ['D12.644.276.374.440', 'D12.776.467.374.440', 'D23.529.374.440'], ['D03.383.742.680.725', 'D13.570.685.725'], ['D03.383.742.686.850.600.677.120', 'D09.408.620.569.727.120', 'D13.695.740.850.600.677.120', 'D13.695.827.708.727.120', 'D13.695.827.919.600.677.120'], ['B04.820.480.937.750.900.900'], ['D12.776.964'], ['G06.920.925']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Influence of HLA alleles in response to treatment with pegylated interferon-alpha and ribavirin in patients with chronic hepatitis C.
|
The objective of this study was to analyse the possible role of HLA polymorphism of chronically infected hepatitis C virus patients in the response outcome to treatment with pegylated interferon-alpha plus ribavirin. To that end, 144 Brazilian patients infected only with genotype 1 of the virus were treated with pegylated interferon-alpha at 1.5 ìg kg(-1) in conjunction with ribavirin (1000 mg if patient weight was <75 kg and 1250 mg if >75 kg) for 48 weeks. The patients did not have concomitant HBV or HIV infections or liver disease, did not undergo previous antiviral treatment, and were followed up for 24 weeks after the end of treatment to assure they presented a sustained virological response. Patients were classified according to response to treatment in responsive (SVR), nonresponsive (NRS) and relapsers (REL). HLA class I and class II typing were carried out through PCR-SSO using Luminex technology. A statistically higher frequency of DRB1*11 patients was observed in the SVR group (39.6% vs. 14.3%P = 0.0012; Pc = 0.0156; OR = 3.94; 95% CI = 1.8-8.8). HLA-DQB1*03 patients were also more frequent in the SVR group, but the P value lost significance after Bonferroni correction (62.3% vs. 41.7%P = 0.024; Pc = 0.14, OR = 2.3; 95% CI = 1.14-4.60). HLA class II antigens can positively influence the response to treatment with pegylated interferon-alpha and ribavirin.
|
['Adult', 'Alleles', 'Drug Therapy, Combination', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Genes, MHC Class I', 'Genes, MHC Class II', 'Genotype', 'HLA-DRB1 Chains', 'Hepacivirus', 'Hepatitis C, Chronic', 'Histocompatibility Testing', 'Humans', 'Interferon-alpha', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'RNA, Viral', 'Recurrence', 'Ribavirin', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 22,284,614
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.030'], ['E02.319.310'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.610.595', 'G05.360.340.024.380.500.595', 'G12.500.500.595'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.610.600', 'G05.360.340.024.380.500.600', 'G12.500.500.600'], ['G05.380'], ['D12.776.395.550.509.400.440.200.010', 'D12.776.543.550.440.400.440.200.010', 'D23.050.301.500.400.400.440.200.010', 'D23.050.301.500.450.400.440.333.500', 'D23.050.705.552.410.400.440.200.010', 'D23.050.705.552.450.400.440.333.500'], ['B04.450.380', 'B04.820.578.344.475'], ['C01.221.250.750.120', 'C01.925.440.440.120', 'C01.925.782.350.350.120', 'C06.552.380.350.120', 'C06.552.380.705.440.120'], ['E01.370.225.812.385', 'E05.200.812.385', 'E05.478.594.385'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.644.276.374.440.890.250', 'D12.776.467.374.440.890.250', 'D23.529.374.440.890.250'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D13.444.735.828'], ['C23.550.291.937'], ['D13.570.800.790'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Gene therapy with cytokine-transfected xenogeneic cells in metastatic tumors.
|
On the basis of compelling preclinical data in cats and dogs we initiated a clinical gene therapy study in nine patients with advanced solid tumors using xenogeneic fibroblasts secreting human IL-2 (Vero-IL-2 cells). Cohorts of three successive patients with tumors accessible to CT- or ultrasound-guided injection were treated repeatedly with 5 x 10(5), 5 x 10(6), or 5 x 10(7) Vero-IL-2 cells. Endpoints of the study were feasibility, toxicity, and clinical and biological effects of this novel approach to immunotherapy of cancer. Histopathological, immunological and molecular analyses were performed on biopsy specimens of tumors and blood samples from before, during and after treatment. Low levels of serum antibodies to Vero cells developed in 2/9 patients. Analysis of tumor biopsies showed increased expression of CD3 mRNA and enhanced tumor infiltration with varying lymphocyte subpopulations after treatment. In addition, monoclonal alterations of the TCR repertoire of blood and tumor lymphocytes were observed. Treatment was well tolerated and toxicity consisted of transient fever in one patient and short-lived, mild itching and erythema in two others. One patient with soft tissue sarcoma showed a more than 90% and more than 50% reduction of the volume of two distant, non-injected metastases, respectively, lasting for 22+ months. Four other patients showed stabilization of their disease for three to nine months, among whom was a patient with melanoma who developed marked vitiligo. We conclude that repeated injection of up to 5 x 10(7) Vero-IL-2 cells was safe and showed biological and clinical activity in heavily pretreated patients with advanced solid tumors. Further evaluation of intratumoral application of Vero-IL-2 seems warranted.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Animals', 'Antigens, CD', 'Cats', 'Chlorocebus aethiops', 'Clinical Protocols', 'Cytokines', 'Dogs', 'Female', 'Genetic Therapy', 'Humans', 'Immunotherapy', 'Interleukin-2', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasms', 'Transfection', 'Transplantation, Heterologous', 'Vero Cells']
| 10,026,923
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['B01.050'], ['D23.050.301.264.035', 'D23.101.100.110'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.377.750.250.125'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.199.120.126.110'], ['E02.183', 'N05.715.360.330.125'], ['D12.644.276.374', 'D12.776.467.374', 'D23.529.374'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.250.216.200'], ['E02.095.301', 'E05.393.420.301'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.095.465.425'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.021', 'D12.644.276.374.480.372', 'D12.776.467.374.465.021', 'D12.776.467.374.480.372', 'D23.529.374.465.155', 'D23.529.374.480.372'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04'], ['E05.393.350.810', 'G05.728.860'], ['E04.936.764'], ['A11.251.210.955', 'A11.436.955']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Activation of protein kinase C (PKC) by 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) occurs through the stimulation of serotonin receptors and transporter.
|
This report further characterizes the intermediate metabolic effects of the psychotropic amphetamine derivative, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA or "ecstasy"), on the activity of second messenger-dependent kinases. Previous work has demonstrated that two injections of MDMA (20 mg/kg) elicits a prolonged translocation of the calcium and phospholipid-dependent enzyme, protein kinase C (PKC) in rats. However, because MDMA has actions at the 5-HT transporter and 5-HT2A/2C receptors, our experiments were directed at uncovering which of these many sites may be involved in this second messenger dependent response. A single injection of MDMA produced a time- and dose-dependent increase in the density of cortical and hippocampal PKC (as measured by 3H-phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate (PDBu) binding sites. MDMA-mediated PKC translocation was long-lasting and remained above control (saline-treated rats) for up to 24 h after injection. This effect was mimicked by another substituted amphetamine, p-chloroamphetamine (pCA), but with a temporal-response curve that was to the left of MDMA's. However, pure uptake inhibitors like fluoxetine, cocaine, and the selective 5-HT2A/2C agonist, DOB, were unable to produce a long-lasting translocation of PKC binding sites in rat cortex. Fluoxetine, a selective serotonin uptake inhibitor (SSRI) and ketanserin a 5-HT2A antagonist, attenuated PKC translocation by MDMA with differing efficacies; however, both compounds completely prevented the loss of 5-HT uptake sties after multiple doses of MDMA. These results suggest that MDMA increases PKC translocation by two interrelated mechanisms that involve 5-HT2A/2C receptors and the 5-HT transporter. This pathway appears to include: (1) the drug binding to the 5-HT transporter, (2) the release of cytosolic 5-HT stores into the extracellular space, and (3) the activation of post-synaptic 5-HT2A/2C receptors linked to G-protein-mediated phospholipid hydrolysis.
|
['Animals', 'Binding Sites', 'Brain', 'Brain Stem', 'Carrier Proteins', 'Cerebral Cortex', 'Enzyme Activation', 'Female', 'Fluoxetine', 'Hippocampus', 'Ketanserin', 'Membrane Glycoproteins', 'Membrane Transport Proteins', 'N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine', 'Nerve Tissue Proteins', 'Phorbol 12,13-Dibutyrate', 'Protein Kinase C', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Receptors, Serotonin', 'Serotonin Agents', 'Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins', 'Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors']
| 9,272,479
|
[['B01.050'], ['G02.111.570.120'], ['A08.186.211'], ['A08.186.211.132'], ['D12.776.157'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500'], ['G02.111.263', 'G03.328'], ['D02.092.831.280'], ['A08.186.211.180.405', 'A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.345'], ['D03.383.621.365', 'D03.633.100.786.830.333'], ['D12.776.395.550', 'D12.776.543.550'], ['D12.776.157.530', 'D12.776.543.585'], ['D02.092.471.683.152.670'], ['D12.776.631'], ['D02.455.849.291.500.510.700'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.725'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['D12.776.543.750.670.800', 'D12.776.543.750.695.800', 'D12.776.543.750.720.850'], ['D27.505.519.625.850', 'D27.505.696.577.850'], ['D12.776.157.530.450.625.311', 'D12.776.157.530.562.374.875', 'D12.776.157.530.937.624', 'D12.776.543.585.450.625.374', 'D12.776.543.585.562.374.875', 'D12.776.543.585.937.747'], ['D27.505.519.562.437.850', 'D27.505.519.625.600.850', 'D27.505.519.625.850.900', 'D27.505.696.577.600.850', 'D27.505.696.577.850.900']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Infiltration patterns in monoclonal plasma cell disorders: correlation of magnetic resonance imaging with matched bone marrow histology.
|
OBJECTIVES: To investigate how plasma cell infiltration patterns detected by MRI match the plasma cell distribution in bone marrow biopsy.METHODS: We assessed 50 patients with monoclonal plasma cell disorders of all clinical stages. MRI infiltration pattern was compared with matched BM histology from the same anatomic region.RESULTS: MRI revealed a minimal (n=11, 22%), focal (n=5, 10%), diffuse (n=14, 28%) and mixed (n=20, 40%) infiltration pattern. Diffuse MRI pattern was predominant in smoldering myeloma patients whereas the MRI patterns with "focal component" (i.e. focal and mixed) were most common in symptomatic myeloma (p<0.01). In histology an interstitial (n=13, 26%), nodular (n=23, 46%) and packed marrow (n=14, 28%) was found respectively. All three histological types of infiltration were observed in patients with diffuse and mixed MRI patterns. Minimal MRI pattern was found in all MGUS patients and was associated with an interstitial BM infiltration. In two patients with minimal MRI pattern an extensive micro-nodular BM infiltration was found in histology.CONCLUSIONS: Infiltration patterns in MRI represent different histological growth patterns of plasma cells, but the MRI resolution is not sufficient to visualize micro-nodular aggregates of plasma cells.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Bone Marrow', 'Bone Marrow Cells', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Paraproteinemias', 'Plasma Cells', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Statistics as Topic']
| 24,725,673
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['A15.382.216'], ['A11.148', 'A15.378.316'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.158.600', 'E01.370.350.350', 'L01.313.500.750.100.158.600'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C15.378.147.780', 'C20.683.780'], ['A11.063.438.725', 'A11.118.637.555.567.562.725', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.562.725', 'A15.382.032.438.725', 'A15.382.490.555.567.562.725'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['E05.318.740', 'H01.548.832', 'N05.715.360.750', 'N06.850.520.830']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Identifying the impact of government targets on waiting times in the NHS.
|
Waiting times for elective surgery are a key issue for the NHS. The principal policy response in the English NHS has been to introduce maximum waiting time targets against which performance is measured and rewarded. The aim of this paper is to identify the effect of government targets on the distribution of waiting times in the NHS. Specifically, we investigate the following questions: How does the probability of admission for any given patient vary during the time that they wait? How is the probability of admission for any given waiting time affected by the targets? Can variations in waiting times be explained by clinical, patient, or provider-level characteristics? What implications may be drawn from our results with respect to providers' managerial responses to the targets? This paper investigates these questions by applying duration analysis techniques to waiting time data from 2001/2002 and 2002/2003 for three specialties: general surgery, trauma & orthopaedics and ophthalmology. Estimation of survival functions reveals considerable variations in waiting times between specialties, operative procedures and hospitals. Hazard rates vary over time and peaks in them-high probabilities of admission-coincide with targets and change when targets change. Amongst patient characteristics, whether they are NHS or private and whether they are day or inpatient cases both influence waiting times, but other characteristics such as age, sex and ethnicity do not.
|
['Efficiency, Organizational', 'Elective Surgical Procedures', 'Female', 'Hospitals, Public', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Patient Admission', 'State Medicine', 'Survival Analysis', 'Time Factors', 'United Kingdom', 'Waiting Lists']
| 19,938,438
|
[['N04.452.209.500'], ['E04.249'], ['N02.278.421.510'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.760.400.600', 'N02.421.585.400.600'], ['N03.349.550.902', 'N03.858'], ['E05.318.740.998', 'N05.715.360.750.795', 'N06.850.520.830.998'], ['G01.910.857'], ['Z01.542.363'], ['N04.452.095.738']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Characterization of two crustin antimicrobial peptides from the freshwater crayfish Pacifastacus leniusculus.
|
The two bacteria-induced crustin genes, Plcrustin1 and Plcrustin2, previously found in the hemocyte cDNA library of Pacifastacus leniusculus, contain the open reading frames of 357 bp encoding a putative protein of 118 amino acid residues and 330 bp encoding a putative protein of 109 amino acid residues, respectively. The carboxyl-terminal part of the two crustins possesses, respectively, 7 and 8 conserved cysteine residues representation of a WAP domain that is found in carcinins and crustins in other several crustaceans. The amino acid sequences of Plcrustin1 and Plcrustin2 show that they belong to type I crustins. In order to characterize their properties and biological activities, the two recombinant crustin proteins were produced in the Escherichia coli expression system. Antimicrobial assays showed that the growth of only one Gram-positive bacterium, Micrococcus luteus M1 11, was inhibited by the recombinant Plcrustin1 and Plcrustin2 with MIC of about 0.07-0.27 microM and 3.5-8 microM, respectively. In addition, the study of inhibition mechanism revealed that the antimicrobial activity of the two recombinant crustin proteins was a result of bactericidal effect. However, the two crustins did not exhibit the inhibitory activities against trypsin, chymotrypsin, elastase and subtilisin A.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Animals', 'Anti-Infective Agents', 'Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides', 'Astacoidea', 'Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel', 'Hemocytes', 'Microbial Sensitivity Tests', 'Recombinant Proteins', 'Serine Proteinase Inhibitors']
| 20,371,367
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.122'], ['D12.644.050', 'D12.776.543.695.054'], ['B01.050.500.131.365.190.070'], ['E05.196.401.402', 'E05.301.300.319'], ['A11.118.480', 'A15.145.229.480'], ['E01.370.225.875.595', 'E05.200.875.595', 'E05.337.550.400'], ['D12.776.828'], ['D27.505.519.389.745.800']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Fate of histone messenger RNA in synchronized HeLa cells in the absence of initiation of protein synthesis.
|
The fate of cytoplasmic histone mRNA was studied under conditions in which initiation of protein synthesis in synchronized HeLa cells is S phase was blocked by increasing the osmolarity of the growth medium with NaCl. In contrast to the interruption of DNA replication with hydroxyurea, which results in an exponential degradation of translatable histone mRNA with a half-life of about 10-13 min, blocking the initiation of protein synthesis leads to only a marginal loss of biologically active histone mRNA in the cytoplasm. When the initiation of protein synthesis was interrupted by treating cells with 150 mM NaCl, 40-50% of the total cytoplasmic histone mRNA previously translated in polyribosomes appears in the cytoplasm integrated into mRNA-protein particle(s) sedimenting between 15 S and 30 S. On the other hand, in untreated S-phase cells or in cells blocked with hydroxyurea only 3-6% of the total translatable histone mRNA is found in the cytoplasm not bound to ribosomes or their subunits. In addition, the degradation of histone mRNA in hydroxyurea-blocked S-phase cells is prevented when the initiation of protein synthesis is inhibited with NaCl. These studies clearly indicate that the inhibition of initiation of protein synthesis per se is not the cause for the rapid degradation of cytoplasmic histone mRNA observed when DNA replication is turned off and that the inactivation of these mRNAs is a process dependent on continuous protein synthesis.
|
['Cell Division', 'Centrifugation, Density Gradient', 'DNA Replication', 'Dactinomycin', 'HeLa Cells', 'Histones', 'Kinetics', 'Mitosis', 'Molecular Weight', 'Neoplasm Proteins', 'Polyribosomes', 'Protein Biosynthesis', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Ribosomes', 'Time Factors', 'Transcription, Genetic']
| 837,922
|
[['G04.144.220', 'G04.161.750.500', 'G05.113', 'G07.345.249.410.750.500'], ['E05.181.724.336', 'E05.196.941.336'], ['G02.111.225', 'G05.226'], ['D03.633.300.200', 'D04.345.566.252', 'D12.644.641.252'], ['A11.251.210.190.400', 'A11.251.860.180.400', 'A11.436.340'], ['D12.776.157.687.485', 'D12.776.660.720.485', 'D12.776.664.469'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['G04.144.220.220.781', 'G05.113.220.781'], ['G02.494'], ['D12.776.624'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.811.740'], ['G02.111.660.871', 'G03.734.871', 'G05.297.670'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.811'], ['G01.910.857'], ['G02.111.873', 'G05.297.700']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Transfection of HL-60 cells by Venus lentiviral vector].
|
In order to study the potential of Venus, lentiviral vector, applied to acute myeloid leukemia, the recombinant vector Venus-C3aR was transfected into 293T packing cells by DNA-calcium phosphate coprecipitation. All virus stocks were collected and transfected into HL-60, the GFP expression in HL-60 cells was measured by flow cytometry. The expression level of C3aR1 in transfected HL-60 cells was identified by RT-PCR and flow cytometry. The lentiviral toxicity on HL-60 was measured by using CCK-8 method and the ability of cell differentiation was observed. The results indicated that the transfection efficacy of lentiviral vector on HL-60 cells was more than 95%, which meets the needs for further study. C3aR1 expression on HL-60 cells increased after being transfected with recombinant lentiviral vector. Before and after transfection, the proliferation and differentiation of cells were not changed much. It is concluded that the lentiviral vector showed a high efficacy to transfect AML cells and can be integrated in genome of HL-60 cells to realize the stable expression of interest gene. Meanwhile, lentiviral vector can not affect HL-60 cell ability to proliferate and differentiate.
|
['Genetic Vectors', 'HL-60 Cells', 'Humans', 'Lentivirus', 'Transfection']
| 23,815,901
|
[['G05.360.337'], ['A11.251.210.190.465', 'A11.251.860.180.465', 'A11.627.340.360.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['B04.820.650.589'], ['E05.393.350.810', 'G05.728.860']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The relation between popularity and achievement: a longitudinal test of the lateral transmission of value hypothesis.
|
Data from a longitudinal study of school desegregation were used to examine the relation between normative social influence processes and academic achievement in order to test theoretical models of how school desegregation produces benefit. Subjects were white, Mexican-American, and black elementary school children who were measured once prior to and twice after desegregation of their schools. For all groups, analyses using structural equation techniques showed that, contrary to the lateral transmission of values hypothesis, which views social influence processes as shaping academic achievement, "causal influence" did not flow from social acceptance to academic achievement; instead, achievement appeared to affect subsequent social acceptance.
|
['Achievement', 'African Americans', 'California', 'Child', 'Ethnic Groups', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Models, Psychological', 'Prejudice', 'Social Desirability', 'Social Values']
| 3,783,423
|
[['F01.658.059', 'F02.784.629.054'], ['M01.686.508.100.100', 'M01.686.754.100'], ['Z01.107.567.875.580.200', 'Z01.107.567.875.760.200'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.686.754', 'N01.224.317'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.599.695'], ['F01.145.813.550', 'F01.829.595'], ['F01.145.813.628'], ['F01.829.873']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Diabetes in adolescent patients: diagnostic dilemmas.
|
The classification of diabetes mellitus by types (1 or 2), or by age of onset (juvenile or adult), helps to clarify many aspects of pathophysiology, prognosis, and therapy. However, less-commonly encountered patients, presenting in childhood or adolescence, may not fit neatly into one or the other group. These include teenagers who present with new-onset diabetes with ketoacidosis, but who are later able to be managed permanently as type 2 patients. Other adolescent patients present with only minimal glucose intolerance, then proceed to develop type 1 diabetes, with evidence of autoimmune etiology, after a variable number of years. Four patients are presented to illustrate these diagnostic dilemmas.
|
['Adolescent', 'Child', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2', 'Female', 'Humans']
| 11,338,217
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.406'], ['C18.452.394.750.124', 'C19.246.267', 'C20.111.327'], ['C18.452.394.750.149', 'C19.246.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Predictors of Unplanned Reoperation After Operative Treatment of Pelvic Ring Injuries.
|
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the incidence of unplanned reoperations after pelvic ring injuries and to develop a risk prediction model.DESIGN: Retrospective review.SETTING: Level I Trauma Center.PATIENTS: The medical records of 913 patients (644 male and 269 female patients; mean age, 39 years; age range, 16-89 years) with unstable pelvic ring fractures operatively treated at our center from 2003 to 2015 were reviewed.INTERVENTION: Multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted to evaluate the relative contribution of associated clinical parameters to unplanned reoperations. A risk prediction model was developed to assess the effects of multiple covariates.MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: Unplanned reoperation for infection, fixation failure, heterotopic ossification, or bleeding complication.RESULTS: Unplanned reoperations totaled 137 fractures, with an overall rate of 15% (8% infection, 6% fixation failure, <1% heterotopic ossification, and <1% bleeding complication). Reoperations for infection and fixation failure typically occurred within the first month after the index procedure. Four independent predictors of reoperation were open fractures, combined pelvic ring and acetabular injuries, abdominal visceral injuries, and increasing pelvic fracture grade. No independent association was shown between reoperation and patient, treatment, or other injury factors.CONCLUSIONS: Unplanned reoperations were relatively common. Infection and fixation failure were the most common indications for unplanned reoperations. Factors associated with reoperation are related to severity of pelvic and abdominal visceral injuries. Our findings suggest that these complications might be inherent and in many cases unavoidable despite appropriate current treatment strategies.LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
|
['Adult', 'Age Factors', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Cohort Studies', 'Female', 'Fracture Fixation, Internal', 'Fracture Healing', 'Fractures, Bone', 'Humans', 'Incidence', 'Injury Severity Score', 'Kaplan-Meier Estimate', 'Logistic Models', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Multivariate Analysis', 'Pelvic Bones', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Reoperation', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Risk Assessment', 'Sex Factors', 'Trauma Centers', 'Young Adult']
| 29,634,600
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['E04.555.300.300'], ['G16.762.891.500'], ['C26.404'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.375', 'N01.224.935.597.500', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.375', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.375'], ['E05.318.308.940.968.875.500', 'E05.944.600', 'N04.452.859.564.800.500', 'N05.715.360.300.715.500.800.400'], ['E05.318.740.998.650', 'N05.715.360.750.795.650', 'N06.850.520.830.998.650'], ['E05.318.740.500.525', 'E05.318.740.600.800.450', 'E05.318.740.750.450', 'E05.599.835.875', 'N05.715.360.750.530.480', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.450', 'N05.715.360.750.695.470', 'N06.850.520.830.500.525', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.450', 'N06.850.520.830.750.450'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.740.150.500', 'N05.715.360.750.125.500', 'N06.850.520.830.150.500'], ['A02.835.232.043.825'], ['C23.550.767'], ['E05.318.370.800.650', 'N05.715.360.325.700.640', 'N06.850.520.445.800.650'], ['E04.690'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.715', 'N04.452.871.715', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.690', 'N06.850.505.715', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.715'], ['N05.715.350.675', 'N06.850.490.875'], ['N02.278.216.500.968.336.500', 'N02.421.297.195.480', 'N04.452.442.452.422.336.400'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
[The changes of palate cleft gap of complete unilateral cleft lip and palate infants before and after presurgical orthodontic and cheiloplasty].
|
OBJECTIVE: To study the changes of palate cleft gap of complete unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) infants before and after presurgical orthodontic and cheiloplasty.METHODS: The sample consisted of 18 complete UCLP infants who were treated using presurgical nasoalveolar molding (PNAM) appliance and cheiloplasty. The maxillary models were obtained at the initial visit, after PNAM treatment 1 month before cheiloplasty, and 2 months after cheiloplasty. The change of palate cleft gap were compared.RESULTS: After PNAM treatment and cheiloplasty, the lip profile was obviously improved, cleft gap was reduced, and the height of ala nasi fornix was recovered.CONCLUSION: PNAM treatment can improve the lip shape and nasal deformity degree of UCLP patient. The cleft gap and upper lip tension are reduced.
|
['Cleft Lip', 'Cleft Palate', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Lip', 'Nose', 'Preoperative Care']
| 21,776,854
|
[['C07.465.409.225', 'C07.465.525.164', 'C07.650.525.164', 'C16.131.850.525.164'], ['C05.500.460.185', 'C05.660.207.540.460.185', 'C07.320.440.185', 'C07.465.525.185', 'C07.650.500.460.185', 'C07.650.525.185', 'C16.131.621.207.540.460.185', 'C16.131.850.500.460.185', 'C16.131.850.525.185'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['A01.456.505.631.515', 'A14.549.336'], ['A01.456.505.733', 'A04.531', 'A09.531'], ['E02.760.795', 'E04.604.750', 'N02.421.585.795']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Asthma in the Army: 1985-1996.
|
Based on comparison between data obtained on medical discharges from the Army due to asthma for 1985 and for 1994-1995, this study shows that the current Army policy on asthma and recruiting is effective but could be improved. Plans aimed at improving the current screening programme are introduced.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Asthma', 'Exercise Test', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Mass Screening', 'Military Medicine', 'Military Personnel', 'Personnel Selection', 'Time Factors', 'United Kingdom']
| 10,216,844
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['C08.127.108', 'C08.381.495.108', 'C08.674.095', 'C20.543.480.680.095'], ['E01.370.370.380.250', 'E01.370.386.700.250', 'E05.333.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.500', 'E05.318.308.980.438.580', 'N02.421.726.233.443', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.580', 'N06.850.780.500'], ['H02.403.500'], ['M01.526.625'], ['N04.452.677.500'], ['G01.910.857'], ['Z01.542.363']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Isolation, expression, and nucleotide sequence of the sod gene from Porphyromonas gingivalis.
|
The sod gene coding for the Mn/Fe-dependent superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme has been isolated on a 5.9-kb DNA fragment from Porphyromonas gingivalis ATCC 53977. SOD activity can be expressed from the P. gingivalis fragment and from a subcloned fragment in Escherichia coli. However, the enzyme does not appear to be expressed from its own promoter in E. coli cells. The nucleotide sequence of the gene has been determined, and the deduced amino acid sequence of the enzyme is nearly identical to that of the enzyme purified from P. gingivalis 381 and shares extensive sequence similarity with comparable enzymes from E. coli.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Bacteroides', 'Base Sequence', 'Escherichia coli', 'Gene Expression', 'Genes, Bacterial', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Superoxide Dismutase']
| 1,840,572
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['B03.440.080.094.152', 'B03.440.425.410.194.152'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['G05.297'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.364.249', 'G05.360.340.358.024.249', 'G05.360.340.358.207.249'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['D08.811.682.881']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
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