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Conformational analysis of a glycosylated human myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein peptide epitope able to detect antibody response in multiple sclerosis.
|
Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG), a minor myelin component, is an important central nervous system specific target autoantigen for primary demyelination in autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS). The native structure of MOG presents a glycosylation site at position 31 (Asn(31)). It has been recently described that glycosylation of a MOG peptide epitope improved the detection of specific autoantibodies in sera of MS patients. The solution conformational behavior of two MOG derived peptides-hMOG(30-50) (1) and the glycosylated analogue [Asn(31)(N-beta-Glc)]hMOG(30-50) (2)-were investigated through NMR analysis in a water/HFA solution. Conformational studies revealed that peptides 1 and 2 adopted similar conformations in this environment. In particular, they showed strong propensity to assume a well-defined amphipatic structure encompassing residues 41-48. The N-terminal region resulted to be almost completely unstructured for both peptides. The presence in 1 of a low populated Asx-turn conformation characteristic of the Asn-Xaa-Thr glycosylation sites was the only conformational difference between peptides 1 and 2. Thus, the specific antibody recognition of peptide 2 is most likely driven by direct interactions of the antibody binding site with the Asn-linked sugar moiety.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Antigens, Surface', 'Autoantibodies', 'Autoantigens', 'Epitopes', 'Glycosylation', 'Humans', 'Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy', 'Models, Molecular', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Multiple Sclerosis', 'Myelin Proteins', 'Myelin-Associated Glycoprotein', 'Myelin-Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein', 'Oligodendroglia', 'Protein Conformation']
| 11,428,934
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['D23.050.301'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.323', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.323', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.323'], ['D23.050.422'], ['D23.050.550'], ['G02.111.158.812', 'G02.607.299', 'G03.191.812'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.196.867.519'], ['E05.599.595'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['C10.114.375.500', 'C10.314.350.500', 'C20.111.258.250.500'], ['D12.776.543.620', 'D12.776.631.580'], ['D12.776.395.550.570', 'D12.776.503.921.049', 'D12.776.543.550.555', 'D12.776.543.620.530', 'D12.776.631.580.500'], ['D12.776.395.550.114.500', 'D12.776.543.550.195.500', 'D12.776.543.620.550', 'D12.776.631.580.530', 'D23.050.422.625'], ['A08.637.600', 'A11.650.600'], ['G02.111.570.820.709']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Labile disulfide bonds and free thiol groups in human IgG. IV. Use of the "sigma S" value for postoperative monitoring of gynaecological malignant tumors.
|
"sigma S" comprises both disulfide bonds reactive to dithionitrobenzoate, as well as free SH groups of serum immunoglobulin G. In 38 cases of invasive gynaecological tumors, the value of sigma S was ascertained to be 1.04 +/- 0.25 (mean +/- SD), which, in accordance with former results, differs significantly from the reference value of 1.51 +/- 0.36 (2 p less than 0.001). 14 days after surgery, at the latest, sigma S significantly increased to an average value of 1.33 +/- 0.26 (2p less than 0.001). This increase was apparently influenced by both the localisation, as well as by the completeness of removal of the tumors. Of 15 squamous cell carcinomas of the cervix uteri, 14 were radically removed and showed a highly significant postoperative increase in the sigma S value (2p less than 0.001). All of the 12 adenocarcinomas of the corpus uteri were totally removed and the sigma S increased significantly (2p = 0.05). Of 11 cystocarcinomas of the ovary, only 3 cases were completely operable. The remaining 8 cases had residual tumors with diameters greater than 5 cm. The postoperative increase in sigma S in these cases was not of statistical significance.
|
['Adenocarcinoma', 'Carcinoma, Squamous Cell', 'Cystadenoma', 'Disulfides', 'Female', 'Genital Neoplasms, Female', 'Humans', 'Hysterectomy', 'Immunoglobulin G', 'Neoplasm Staging', 'Ovarian Neoplasms', 'Prognosis', 'Sulfhydryl Compounds', 'Uterine Cervical Neoplasms', 'Uterine Neoplasms']
| 2,922,933
|
[['C04.557.470.200.025'], ['C04.557.470.200.400', 'C04.557.470.700.400'], ['C04.557.470.035.320', 'C04.557.470.590.485'], ['D01.248.497.158.874.390', 'D01.875.350.850.150', 'D02.886.520.150'], ['C04.588.945.418', 'C13.351.937.418'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E04.950.300.399'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.619.393', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.619.393', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.619.393'], ['E01.789.625'], ['C04.588.322.455', 'C13.351.500.056.630.705', 'C13.351.937.418.685', 'C19.344.410', 'C19.391.630.705'], ['E01.789'], ['D02.886.489'], ['C04.588.945.418.948.850', 'C13.351.500.852.593.131', 'C13.351.500.852.762.850', 'C13.351.937.418.875.850'], ['C04.588.945.418.948', 'C13.351.500.852.762', 'C13.351.937.418.875']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
HIV-Nef Protein Persists in the Lungs of Aviremic Patients with HIV and Induces Endothelial Cell Death.
|
It remains a mystery why HIV-associated end-organ pathologies persist in the era of combined antiretroviral therapy (ART). One possible mechanism is the continued production of HIV-encoded proteins in latently HIV-infected T cells and macrophages. The proapoptotic protein HIV-Nef persists in the blood of ART-treated patients within extracellular vesicles (EVs) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Here we demonstrate that HIV-Nef is present in cells and EVs isolated from BAL of patients on ART. We hypothesize that HIV-Nef persistence in the lung induces endothelial apoptosis leading to endothelial dysfunction and further pulmonary vascular pathologies. The presence of HIV-Nef in patients with HIV correlates with the surface expression of the proapoptotic endothelial-monocyte-activating polypeptide II (EMAPII), which was implicated in progression of pulmonary emphysema via mechanisms involving endothelial cell death. HIV-Nef protein induces EMAPII surface expression in human embryonic kidney 293T cells, T cells, and human and mouse lung endothelial cells. HIV-Nef packages itself into EVs and increases the amount of EVs secreted from Nef-expressing T cells and Nef-transfected human embryonic kidney 293T cells. EVs from BAL of HIV+ patients and Nef-transfected cells induce apoptosis in lung microvascular endothelial cells by upregulating EMAPII surface expression in a PAK2-dependent fashion. Transgenic expression of HIV-Nef in vascular endothelial-cadherin+ endothelial cells leads to lung rarefaction, characterized by reduced alveoli and overall increase in lung inspiratory capacity. These changes occur concomitantly with lung endothelial cell apoptosis. Together, these data suggest that HIV-Nef induces endothelial cell apoptosis via an EMAPII-dependent mechanism that is sufficient to cause pulmonary vascular pathologies even in the absence of inflammation.
|
['Animals', 'Apoptosis', 'Cell Death', 'Cell Line', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Cytokines', 'Endothelial Cells', 'Endothelium', 'HEK293 Cells', 'HIV Infections', 'Humans', 'Jurkat Cells', 'Leukocytes, Mononuclear', 'Lung', 'Macrophages', 'Mice', 'Neoplasm Proteins', 'Pulmonary Emphysema', 'RNA-Binding Proteins', 'T-Lymphocytes', 'nef Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus']
| 30,321,057
|
[['B01.050'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['G04.146'], ['A11.251.210'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['A11.251'], ['D12.644.276.374', 'D12.776.467.374', 'D23.529.374'], ['A11.436.275'], ['A10.272.491'], ['A11.251.210.172.750', 'A11.436.334'], ['C01.221.250.875', 'C01.221.812.640.400', 'C01.778.640.400', 'C01.925.782.815.616.400', 'C01.925.813.400', 'C20.673.480'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A11.251.210.190.495', 'A11.251.860.180.495', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.440'], ['A11.118.637.555', 'A15.145.229.637.555', 'A15.382.490.555'], ['A04.411'], ['A11.329.372', 'A11.627.482', 'A11.733.397', 'A15.382.670.522', 'A15.382.680.397'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['D12.776.624'], ['C08.381.495.389.750'], ['D12.776.157.725', 'D12.776.664.962'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.569', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569'], ['D12.776.964.775.362.500', 'D12.776.964.775.562.760', 'D12.776.964.925.500.500']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Factors influencing university students' explicit and implicit sexual double standards.
|
Quantitative research has resulted in inconsistent evidence for the existence of a sexual double standard, leading Crawford and Popp ( 2003 ) to issue a call for methodological innovation. The implicit association test (IAT; Greenwald, McGhee, & Schwartz, 1998 ) is a measure that may provide a means to examine the double standard without the contamination of the demand characteristics and social desirability biases that plague self-report research (Marks & Fraley, 2005 ). The purpose of this study was to examine the factors influencing explicit and implicit double standards, and to examine the relationship between these explicit and implicit double standards, and levels of socially desirable responding. One hundred and three university students completed a sexual double standard IAT, an explicit measure of the double standard, and measures of socially desirable responding. Hierarchical regression analysis indicated that levels of socially desirable responding were not related to implicit or explicit double standards. Men endorsed a stronger explicit traditional double standard than women, whereas for implicit sexual standards, men demonstrated a relatively gender-neutral evaluation and women demonstrated a strong reverse double standard. These results suggest the existence of a complex double standard, and indicate that more research of sexual attitudes should include implicit measures.
|
['Adolescent', 'Attitude', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Sex Factors', 'Sexual Behavior', 'Sexual Partners', 'Social Desirability', 'Social Perception', 'Students', 'Universities', 'Young Adult']
| 21,534,028
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['F01.100'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N05.715.350.675', 'N06.850.490.875'], ['F01.145.802'], ['M01.778'], ['F01.145.813.628'], ['F02.463.593.752'], ['M01.848'], ['I02.783.830', 'J03.832.830'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Heritability of ultimatum game responder behavior.
|
Experimental evidence suggests that many people are willing to deviate from materially maximizing strategies to punish unfair behavior. Even though little is known about the origins of such fairness preferences, it has been suggested that they have deep evolutionary roots and that they are crucial for maintaining and understanding cooperation among non-kin. Here we report the results of an ultimatum game, played for real monetary stakes, using twins recruited from the population-based Swedish Twin Registry as our subject pool. Employing standard structural equation modeling techniques, we estimate that >40% of the variation in subjects' rejection behavior is explained by additive genetic effects. Our estimates also suggest a very modest role for common environment as a source of phenotypic variation. Based on these findings, we argue that any attempt to explain observed ultimatum bargaining game behavior that ignores this genetic influence is incomplete.
|
['Genetic Variation', 'Genetics, Behavioral', 'Genetics, Medical', 'Humans', 'Interpersonal Relations', 'Likelihood Functions', 'Phenotype', 'Play and Playthings', 'Punishment', 'Sweden']
| 17,909,184
|
[['G05.365'], ['F04.096.276', 'H01.158.273.343.290'], ['H01.158.273.343.385.500', 'H02.403.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.829.401'], ['E05.318.740.500.475', 'E05.318.740.600.400', 'E05.599.835.500', 'N05.715.360.750.530.450', 'N05.715.360.750.625.450', 'N06.850.520.830.500.475', 'N06.850.520.830.600.400'], ['G05.695'], ['I03.450.642.693'], ['F02.463.425.770.571', 'I01.880.630.716'], ['Z01.542.816.500']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Fulminant hepatitis after grand mal seizures: mechanisms and role of liver transplantation.
|
Fulminant liver failure is a rare complication of grand mal seizures with a high mortality, the prognosis being largely determined by the combination of the hepatic and neurologic insults. The mechanisms of acute liver failure secondary to grand mal epilepsy and the place of liver transplantation in this context are poorly defined and are the subject of this report. A series of 6 such patients is presented. All had a history of chronic primary or post-traumatic epilepsy and presented with acute liver failure shortly after a grand mal fit. Detailed accounts of background, presentation, and management are given and integrated with blood, radiologic, and histologic investigations. Two of the 6 patients survived, 1 making a full recovery and the other with neurologic sequelae. Two patients underwent liver transplantation but died with severe neurologic sequelae despite improving liver function. The remaining 2 patients were considered too ill to undergo liver transplantation and died in multiple organ failure. Liver histology from needle biopsy and/or native liver explants identified lesions compatible with a combination of steatosis and necrosis. Factor V and transaminase levels may allow early identification of patients in whom liver function is likely to improve spontaneously. In conclusion, the mechanisms of liver failure occurring after grand mal seizures appear multifactorial, including hypoxia, steatosis, and drug-induced components. The neurological prognosis and overall survival of these patients remains poor.
|
['Adult', 'Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury', 'Epilepsy, Tonic-Clonic', 'Fatty Liver', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hypoxia', 'Liver Failure', 'Liver Transplantation', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Patient Selection', 'Prognosis', 'Survival Rate', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 12,883,489
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['C06.552.100', 'C25.100.562', 'C25.723.260'], ['C10.228.140.490.375.290'], ['C06.552.241'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C23.888.852.079'], ['C06.552.308.500'], ['E02.095.147.725.490', 'E04.210.650', 'E04.936.450.490', 'E04.936.580.490'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.581.500.653', 'N04.590.731'], ['E01.789'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.900', 'N01.224.935.698.826', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.900', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.900'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Development of Optic Disc Torsion in Children.
|
PURPOSE: To document the development of disc torsion.METHODS: Consecutive disc photographs obtained at an interval of at least 1 year were reviewed retrospectively in 173 eyes of 173 Korean children. The angle of the vertical disc axis (AVDA) was measured in each fundus photograph with the fovea-disc center axis set at 0°. The associated change in the morphology of the optic disc was assessed by measuring the ratio of the horizontal to vertical disc diameters and the ratio of the maximum parapapillary atrophy width to vertical disc diameter. Eyes were divided into two groups with respect to the development of disc torsion: torsion and non-torsion group. Progressive torsion was defined as a change in AVDA between baseline and follow-up photographs beyond the coefficient of intraobserver repeatab ility. Factors associated with optic disc torsion were evaluated using logistic regression analysis.RESULTS: Mean subject age and refractive error at the time of baseline fundus examination were 6.8 ± 1.7 (range, 2 to 11) years and 0.2 ± 2.6 (range, -6.0 to +5.5) diopters, respectively. Mean follow-up period was 44.8 ± 21.1 (range, 12 to 103) months. Forty-two eyes (24%) were classified as torsion group who showed changes in AVDA that were greater than the intraobserver measurement variability (4.5°) during the follow-up period. The development of optic disc torsion was associated with greater myopic shift, a decrease in horizontal to vertical disc diameters, and an increase in parapapillary atrophy width to vertical disc diameter.CONCLUSIONS: Progressive optic disc torsion was a common phenomenon in the children included in this study. Torsion occurred as the result of optic disc tilt in an oblique axis in most cases. The findings provide a framework for understanding torsion-related glaucomatous optic nerve damage.
|
['Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Optic Disk', 'Optic Nerve Diseases', 'ROC Curve', 'Refraction, Ocular', 'Refractive Errors', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Time Factors', 'Tomography, Optical Coherence', 'Torsion Abnormality', 'Visual Field Tests']
| 30,977,327
|
[['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A08.800.800.120.680.660', 'A09.371.729.690'], ['C10.292.700', 'C11.640'], ['E05.318.370.800.750', 'E05.318.740.872.750', 'N05.715.360.325.700.680', 'N06.850.520.445.800.750'], ['E01.370.380.850.700', 'G01.590.775', 'G14.760'], ['C11.744'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['G01.910.857'], ['E01.370.350.589.249.500', 'E01.370.350.825.805.500', 'E05.642.249.500'], ['C23.300.970'], ['E01.370.380.850.962']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Sustained overexpression of CYP1A1 and 1B1 and steady accumulation of DNA adducts by low-dose, continuous exposure to benzo[a]pyrene by polymeric implants.
|
Many carcinogenesis and tumorigenesis studies reported in the past several decades have relied upon bolus dose(s) of test compounds to determine their DNA damage and carcinogenic potential. The high doses are far from the human scenario where exposure is almost always to low doses and for long duration. In this study, we report a novel polymeric implant system that provides continuous ("24/7") exposure to low doses using benzo[a]pyrene (BP) as a model carcinogen. Cylindrical implants (1 cm length, 3.2 mm diameter; 10 mg BP/100 mg implant) prepared from polycaprolactone:F68 (9:1) showed controlled release in vitro for long duration. To determine the rate of release and biochemical effects in vivo, groups of female Sprague-Dawley rats received either no treatment or subcutaneous sham or BP implants (1 cm, 10% load) and were euthanized after 6, 15, 30, and 180 days; the average dose of BP by the implant route was 16.7 ± 3 ìg/rat. For comparison, rats were also treated with a single bolus dose of BP intraperitoneally (10 mg/rat) and euthanized at 6, 15, and 30 days. DNA adducts analyzed by (32)P-postlabeling in the lung and liver increased steadily with time with levels reaching 31 ± 3 and 17 ± 6 adducts/10(9) nucleotides, respectively, after 25 weeks; the adduct burden in the mammary tissue initially increased but then declined with time presumably due to high cell turn over. In contrast, the bolus dose treatment showed the highest DNA adduct levels after 6 days, followed by a steady decline. The steady accumulation of tissue DNA adducts in the implant groups corroborates the sustained overexpression of CYP1A1 and 1B1, the cytochrome P450s involved in the conversion of BP to its electrophilic metabolites. In contrast, the overexpression of CYP1A1 and 1B1 resulting from the bolus dose of BP lasted only for a few days. This is the first demonstration revealing that low-dose, continuous exposure to environmental polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons such as BP can render sustained expression of CYPs and steady accumulation of tissue DNA adducts. On the basis of our recent study in which we showed the presence of 17â-estradiol in the lung, the sustained overexpression of CYP1A1 and 1B1 due to continuous exposure to BP may increase the susceptibility to estrogen-mediated carcinogenicity.
|
['Animals', 'Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases', 'Benzo(a)pyrene', 'Carcinogens', 'Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1', 'Cytochrome P-450 CYP1B1', 'DNA Adducts', 'DNA Damage', 'Drug Implants', 'Female', 'Gene Expression', 'Humans', 'Injections, Intraperitoneal', 'Liver', 'Lung', 'Mammary Glands, Animal', 'Phosphorus Radioisotopes', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley']
| 21,942,922
|
[['B01.050'], ['D08.244.453.005', 'D08.811.682.690.708.170.010', 'D12.776.422.220.453.010'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.799.306.300', 'D04.615.799.306.300'], ['D27.888.569.100'], ['D08.244.453.005.332', 'D08.244.453.100.500', 'D08.811.682.690.708.170.010.277', 'D08.811.682.690.708.170.020.500', 'D12.776.422.220.453.010.332', 'D12.776.422.220.453.100.500'], ['D08.244.453.005.500', 'D08.244.453.100.875', 'D08.811.682.690.708.170.010.500', 'D08.811.682.690.708.170.020.875', 'D12.776.422.220.453.010.500', 'D12.776.422.220.453.100.875'], ['D13.444.308.135', 'G05.200.104'], ['G05.200'], ['D26.255.210.315'], ['G05.297'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.319.267.530.490'], ['A03.620'], ['A04.411'], ['A10.336.482', 'A13.589'], ['D01.268.666.500.604', 'D01.496.669.604', 'D01.496.749.658'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
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Nucleostemin is a marker of proliferating stromal stem cells in adult human bone marrow.
|
The identification of stem cell-specific proteins and the elucidation of their novel regulatory pathways may help in the development of protocols for control of their self-renewal and differentiation for cell-based therapies. Nucleostemin is a recently discovered nucleolar protein predominantly associated with proliferating rat neural and embryonic stem cells, and some human cancer cell lines. A comprehensive study of nucleostemin in human adult bone marrow stem cells is lacking. The aim of the study was to determine if nucleostemin is synthesized by adult bone marrow stem cells and to analyze its expression during their expansion and differentiation. Using a multipotential adherent population of stem cells, nucleostemin was localized to the nucleoli and occurred in 43.3% of the cells. There was a high level of expression of nucleostemin mRNA in bone marrow stem cells and this remained unchanged over time during cell expansion in culture. When bone marrow stem cells were stimulated to proliferate by fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-2, nucleostemin expression increased in a dose-dependent manner. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) knockdown of nucleostemin abolished the proliferative effect of FGF-2. When bone marrow stem cells were differentiated into chondrocytes, adipocytes, or osteocytes, nucleostemin expression was 70%-90% lower than in the undifferentiated cells retained in monolayer culture. We conclude that nucleostemin is a marker of undifferentiated human adult bone marrow stem cells and that it is involved in the regulation of proliferation of these cells.
|
['Adult', 'Base Sequence', 'Biomarkers', 'Bone Marrow Cells', 'Carrier Proteins', 'Cell Differentiation', 'Cell Nucleolus', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Fibroblast Growth Factor 2', 'GTP-Binding Proteins', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Humans', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Multipotent Stem Cells', 'Nuclear Proteins', 'Phenotype', 'RNA, Messenger', 'RNA, Small Interfering', 'Stromal Cells']
| 16,282,439
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['D23.101'], ['A11.148', 'A15.378.316'], ['D12.776.157'], ['G04.152'], ['A11.284.430.106.279.345.175'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['D12.644.276.624.120', 'D12.776.467.624.120', 'D23.529.624.120'], ['D08.811.277.040.330.300', 'D12.776.157.325'], ['G05.308'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.481'], ['A11.872.590'], ['D12.776.660'], ['G05.695'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['D13.150.650.700', 'D13.444.735.150.700', 'D13.444.735.790.552.875'], ['A11.329.830']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
The burden of mental ill health associated with childhood maltreatment in the UK, using The Health Improvement Network database: a population-based retrospective cohort study.
|
BACKGROUND: Childhood maltreatment is a global public health, human rights, and moral issue that is associated with a substantial mental health burden. We aimed to assess the association between childhood maltreatment and the development of mental ill health and the initiation of new prescriptions for mental ill health.METHODS: In this population-based, retrospective, open cohort study, we used a dataset from individuals in The Health Improvement Network (THIN) database. THIN database comprises UK electronic medical records taken from 787 general practices throughout the UK. We used read codes in these records to identify exposed patients (those with a read code identifying officially confirmed childhood maltreatment or a maltreatment-related concern) and up to two unexposed patients (those without such read codes) from the same general practice, who were matched by age and sex. We evaluated the risk of developing depression, anxiety, or serious mental illness (a composite mental ill health outcome) or initiation of a prescription drug used to treat mental ill health, and the odds ratio of these events at baseline, in the exposed versus unexposed patients.FINDINGS: The first possible date for cohort entry (the study start date) was Jan 1, 1995, and patients could enter the cohort until the study end date, Dec 31, 2018. During the study period, 11 831 850 patients were eligible to participate. Of these patients, we identified 217 758 (1·8%) patients with any recorded childhood maltreatment. These patients were matched to 423 410 unexposed control patients with no recorded exposure to childhood maltreatment. The exposed group were followed up for a median of 1·8 years (IQR 0·6-4·3) versus 3·2 years (1·3-6·1) in the unexposed group. During the study period, 11 665 (5·9%) new diagnoses of mental ill health were made in the exposed group, giving an incidence rate of 16·8 events per 1000 person-years versus 15 301 (3·7%) new recorded diagnoses at an incidence rate of 8·3 events per 1000 person-years in the unexposed cohort, giving an adjusted IRR of 2·14 (95% CI 2·08-2·19). 30 911 (14·8%) patients in the exposed group received a new prescription for any type of mental ill health (incidence rate 46·5 events per 1000 person-years) versus 36 390 (8·9%) patients in the unexposed group (20·5 per 1000 person-years) resulting in an adjusted IRR of 2·44 (95% CI 2·40-2·48).INTERPRETATION: Childhood maltreatment is thought to affect one in three children globally; therefore, a doubled risk of developing mental ill health among these individuals represents a substantial contribution to the mental ill health burden in the UK. It is imperative that public health approaches, including those aimed at preventing and detecting childhood maltreatment and its associated negative consequences, are implemented to prevent mental ill health.FUNDING: None.
|
['Child', 'Child Abuse', 'Cohort Studies', 'Cost of Illness', 'Databases, Factual', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Mental Disorders', 'Retrospective Studies', 'United Kingdom']
| 31,564,467
|
[['M01.060.406'], ['I01.198.240.856.350.250', 'I01.880.735.900.350.250'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['N03.219.151.165', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.182', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.046'], ['L01.313.500.750.300.188.400', 'L01.470.750.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F03'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['Z01.542.363']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
[Nutrition in the elderly].
|
It is well known that nutrition plays an important role in the maintenance of health through the whole life. Especially, nutrition in the elderly is thought to be necessary for keeping their life comfortable. How much calories should be needed in the elderly? In our country, daily allowance of total calories is 1600 kcal in male and 1400 kcal in female in seventh decade respectively. 1460 kcal in male and 1270 kcal in female over eighty years old are recommended respectively. Protein requirement is about 0.6 g/kg of body weight. Fat should be kept as it is. Vitamin and mineral are the another important factors. We investigated the levels of serum vitamin B1 (B1) and B12 (B12) in 26 elderly out-patients. B1 and B12 are within normal ranges and there is no tendency to decline with age. Serum Zinc (Zn) is one of microelements and its deficiency is thought to cause the taste disorder. In 126 male subjects, Zn decreased significantly with aging. Zn correlated with serum total protein and albumin. There exists some discrepancy in the food habits between the old and the young: Dietary habits is Japanese style in the former and Western one in the latter. Recently as the old people are increasing in population, those who complain of difficulty in swallowing food are also increasing. In these cases, we should apply the artificial feeding such as central venous hyperalimentation, nasogastric and gastro-fistula feeding, etc. And ratio of these artificial food intake will increase in the near future.
|
['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Feeding Behavior', 'Female', 'Geriatric Assessment', 'Humans', 'Japan', 'Male', 'Nutritional Status']
| 2,352,353
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['F01.145.113.547', 'F01.145.407', 'G07.203.650.353'], ['E05.318.308.225', 'I01.240.425.350', 'N01.224.425.350', 'N05.715.360.300.360', 'N06.850.505.400.425.350', 'N06.850.520.308.225'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.252.474.463', 'Z01.639.595'], ['G07.203.650.650', 'N01.224.425.525']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Development and regression of cochlear blood vessels in fetal and newborn mice.
|
Various strains of mice have been used for hearing research, but there have been few reports regarding the cochlear vasculature in mice. In this study, the development of the cochlear vasculature was investigated in C57BL/6 mice from day 15 of gestation to day 15 after birth, and mature vessels were also observed in 3-month-old mice. Both India ink injection and the resin casting method were used. On gestational day 17, spiral vessels of the basilar membrane were developing and were elaborating communicating branches that ran toward the external wall and the spiral lamina. On day 18, the spiral vessels showed the largest diameter of all vessels in the cochlea, but these vessels subsequently regressed and finally disappeared by day 14 after birth. The external wall vessels formed a single-layer capillary network at birth and subsequently divided into two layers, which became the vessels of the stria vascularis and the spiral ligament vessels. This process occurred progressively from the basal turn toward the apical turn between days 5 and 8 after birth. A general tendency for the cochlear vasculature to mature from the basal turn towards the apex was observed.
|
['Animals', 'Animals, Newborn', 'Blood Vessels', 'Cochlea', 'Corrosion Casting', 'Embryo, Mammalian', 'Embryonic and Fetal Development', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL']
| 10,867,279
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.050.282'], ['A07.015'], ['A09.246.300.246'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.620.150', 'E01.370.225.750.600.620.150', 'E05.200.500.620.620.150', 'E05.200.750.600.620.150'], ['A16.254'], ['G07.345.500.325', 'G08.686.784.170'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of cystic fibrosis lung transplant recipients demonstrates increased interleukin-8 and elastase and decreased IL-10.
|
Cystic fibrosis (CF) patients continue to have reservoirs of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in their sinuses and trachea after transplantation, and studies indicate that nontransplanted CF patients have high bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) levels of proinflammatory factors, interleukin-8 (IL-8), and elastase and decreased airway lavage levels of IL-10. The aims of our study were to measure the IL-8 and IL-10 levels and elastase activity in the BAL of lung transplant patients, with correlation to microbiologic and pathologic findings, and to identify any differences in the findings between CF and non-CF patients. Fifty serial BAL samples were collected from 38 lung transplant recipients over 8 months. The BAL supernatant fluid was cultured for bacterial, viral, and fungal organisms. Histologic tissue analysis was performed as indicated. The fluid IL-10 and IL-8 levels were measured in duplicate using ELISA techniques. Elastase activity was measured using a colorimetric assay system. The mean IL-8, IL-10, and elastase levels for the group studied were 1894 pg/ml, 394 pg/ml, and 4.2 U/ml, respectively. The CF patients had significantly higher levels of IL-8, with a mean value of 4093 pg/ml (p < 0.02), and lower IL-10, mean 217 pg/ml (n = 9). Elastase activity correlated strongly with IL-8 level (p < 0.04). Pseudomonas growth was associated with higher elastase and IL-8 concentrations (p < 0.02). There was no association between allograft rejection and the markers studied. CF transplanted patients have higher airway lavage concentrations of IL-8 and elastase correlated to the presence of Pseudomonas in the lower airway. They also have lower BAL levels of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10.
|
['Adult', 'Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid', 'Cystic Fibrosis', 'Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay', 'Humans', 'Interleukin-10', 'Interleukin-8', 'Leukocyte Elastase', 'Lung Transplantation', 'Maxillary Sinus', 'Middle Aged', 'Pseudomonas Infections', 'Trachea']
| 9,809,620
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E05.927.100.500'], ['C06.689.202', 'C08.381.187', 'C16.320.190', 'C16.614.213'], ['E05.478.566.350.170', 'E05.478.566.380.360', 'E05.478.583.400.170', 'E05.601.470.350.170', 'E05.601.470.380.360'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.510', 'D12.776.467.374.465.510', 'D23.529.374.465.510'], ['D12.644.276.374.200.120.800', 'D12.644.276.374.465.312', 'D12.776.467.374.200.120.800', 'D12.776.467.374.465.246', 'D23.125.300.120.800', 'D23.469.200.120.800', 'D23.529.374.200.120.800', 'D23.529.374.465.312'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.760.560.500', 'D08.811.277.656.959.350.560.500'], ['E04.928.600.495', 'E04.936.450.495'], ['A04.531.621.578'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C01.150.252.400.739'], ['A04.889']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Assessment of knowledge of Iranian occupational therapists of handling of children with cerebral palsy.
|
The purpose of this study was to assess the knowledge of Iranian occupational therapists regarding the handling of children with cerebral palsy and the application of their knowledge into practice. A questionnaire with two scales of a self-report and a knowledge-based test was designed. Data were analysed by using descriptive statistics and Spearman correlation. Of 77 participants, 64.9% participants reported their knowledge of handling at moderate, 14.3% at low and 6.5% at very low level. The result of the test showed that 57.1% participants had knowledge at moderate and 16.9% at low level. Toileting and bathing are the least focused areas by occupational therapists in teaching handling techniques to caregivers. These results suggest that the participants need further training to increase their knowledge in the various areas of handling and positioning techniques especially toileting and bathing. Because participants were from one area of Iran, future research could include a larger population of occupational therapists.
|
['Adult', 'Baths', 'Caregivers', 'Cerebral Palsy', 'Child', 'Clinical Competence', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Iran', 'Male', 'Moving and Lifting Patients', 'Needs Assessment', 'Occupational Therapy', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Young Adult']
| 24,390,931
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E02.056.110'], ['M01.085', 'M01.526.485.200', 'N02.360.200'], ['C10.228.140.140.254'], ['M01.060.406'], ['I02.399.630.210', 'N04.761.210', 'N05.715.175'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.252.245.500.350'], ['N02.421.585.525'], ['I02.594', 'N03.349.380.565', 'N05.300.537'], ['E02.760.169.063.500.489', 'E02.831.489', 'H02.010.500'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Medico-legal notes for a new set of standards in the assessment of penal liability in psychiatry.
|
Negligence liability on the part of a psychiatrist belongs among high-complexity fields, for both the judge and his or her technical consultants. In most instances, there are no scientific grounds in order to ascribe with reasonable certainty liability to medical personnel and nursing staff, while often judges tend to stretch the concept of “protection” to a degree to which the psychiatrist is deemed to have a legal obligation to stave off the development of any adverse consequence which psychic distress may bring upon the patient. The case-records pertaining to suicide are symptomatic of such a tendency on the part of the Supreme Court as to convict healthcare professionals, the lack of incontrovertible evidence notwithstanding. The authors of this paper expound and elaborate on the conditions needed to ascribe liability to the psychiatrist, and the cause and effect relationship between the doctor’s professional behavior and the patient’s eventual suicide. On such basis, several sentences are perused in which the failure to institutionalize, the discharging of a patient, the granting of leaves and an obligation to supervise all come into play, highlighting how suicide is far too complex an outcome to be rationalized into the principle of causality beyond the reasonable doubt, as dictated by the criminal procedure codes, neither can it be kept from happening through the patients’ loss of personal liberty. Within such a legal framework, what becomes apparent is the inadequateness of any set of standardized rules and laws
regulating professional liability, and its inability to properly take into account the complexities and peculiarities inherent to psychiatry. Consequently, a proper overhaul of such proceedings appears to be urgent, via a newly devised set of provisions, crafted to provide a new array of undisputable, basic behavioral standards, the breaching of which would entail the sanctioning on the part of the lawful authorities of such violations, even in absence of the suicide of a patient, or persisting the inability to demonstrate a cause-effect relationship.
|
['Depression', 'Humans', 'Italy', 'Liability, Legal', 'Malpractice', 'Mental Disorders', 'Physician-Patient Relations', 'Psychiatry', 'Suicide']
| 28,287,193
|
[['F01.145.126.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.542.489'], ['I01.880.604.583.490', 'N03.706.535.547'], ['I01.880.604.583.524', 'N03.706.535.606'], ['F03'], ['F01.829.401.650.675', 'N05.300.660.625'], ['F04.096.544', 'H02.403.690'], ['F01.145.126.980.875', 'I01.880.735.856']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
[Status epilepticus: retrospective analysis of clinical characteristics over a 5-year period].
|
Clinical features of status epilepticus (SE) were analysed retrospectively in a five-year period. Among 55 patients there were 65 episodes of SE, most frequently of generalised tonic-clonic type. There were also 7 episodes of simple motor, 5 of complex partial, 1 of petit mal and 4 of nonconvulsive "electric" SE. Seventy-five percent of patients with initial SE had organic brain disease as an underlying cause versus 14% of patients with intercurrent SE (p = 0.002). The most frequent precipitating factor in the group of intercurrent status epilepticus was erroneous antiepileptic drug treatment. Median duration of SE in the group with idiopathic causes was 5.5, in the group with acute symptomatic causes 6.5, in the group with chronic symptomatic causes 14, in the group of fatal cases 5, and in the whole group 10.5 hours (p0.05). Most of this time (30% to 98% of the whole time, median value 79%) elapsed before admission to the Department, showing poor prehospital management. Termination of SE was accomplished with standard treatment (intravenous diazepam and intramuscular phenobarbital) in 47 cases within 30 minutes, while the others required additional treatment. Due to the underlying diseases there were 6 fatal cases (9.2%), 2 during uninterrupted SE and 4 after the seizure abolishion. There was no neurological or intellectual deterioration after the termination of SE, that could be attributed to detrimental effects of SE per se. Finally, the description of 5 cases of complex partial SE is included. These results were also compared to other research results as presented in several recent references.
|
['Adult', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Status Epilepticus']
| 2,102,552
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C10.597.742.785', 'C23.888.592.742.785']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Analysis of breathing via optoelectronic systems: comparison of four methods for computing breathing volumes and thoraco-abdominal motion pattern.
|
Breathing parameters can be measured by motion capture systems by placing photo-reflective markers on the chest wall. A computational model is mandatory to compute the breathing volume and to calculate temporal and kinematical features by the gathered markers trajectories. Despite different methods based on different geometrical approaches can be adopted to compute volumes, no information about their differences in the respiratory evaluation are available. This study investigated the performances of four methods (conventional, prism-based, convex hull with boundary condition, based on Delaunay triangulation) using an optoelectronic motion capture system, on twelve healthy participants during 30 s of breathing. Temporal trends of volume traces, tidal volume values, and breathing durations were compared between methods and spirometry (used as reference instrument). Additionally, thoraco-abdominal motion patterns were compared between methods by analysing the compartmental contributions and their variability. Results shows comparable similarities between the volume traces obtained using spirometry, prism-based and conventional methods. Prism-based and convex hull with boundary condition methods show lower bias in tidal volumes estimation up to 0.06 L, compared to the conventional and Delaunay triangulation methods. Prism-based method shows maximum differences of 30 mL in the comparison of compartmental contributions to the total volume, by resulting in a maximum deviation of 1.6% in the percentage contribution analysis. In conclusion, our finding demonstrated the accuracy of the non-invasive MoCap-based breathing analysis with the prism-based method tested. Data provided in this study will lead researchers and clinicians in the computational method choice for temporal and volumetric breathing analysis.
|
['Abdomen', 'Biomechanical Phenomena', 'Computer Simulation', 'Electronics', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Lung', 'Male', 'Motion', 'Optics and Photonics', 'Organ Size', 'Plethysmography', 'Respiration', 'Spirometry', 'Statistics as Topic', 'Thoracic Wall', 'Thorax', 'Tidal Volume', 'Young Adult']
| 29,164,909
|
[['A01.923.047'], ['G01.154.090', 'G01.374.089'], ['L01.224.160'], ['H01.671.293'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A04.411'], ['G01.482'], ['H01.671.617', 'J01.293.688'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.660', 'E05.041.124.715', 'G07.100.100.660', 'G07.345.249.690'], ['E01.370.370.610'], ['G09.772.705'], ['E01.370.386.700.750'], ['E05.318.740', 'H01.548.832', 'N05.715.360.750', 'N06.850.520.830'], ['A01.923.761.850'], ['A01.923.761'], ['E01.370.386.700.485.750.900.350.750', 'G09.772.850.970.500.700'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
An Experience of Optimizing A Community-Based Micro-Insurance Model to Bridge the Gap between Treatment Cost and Ability to pay at BPKIHS.
|
In the year 2001 the leaders of BPKIHS started a micro social insurance scheme; Social Health Insurance (SHI) for prospective research. It is a method of financing and managing health care using compulsory contributions from employers, employees and may be from the government. Household members from organized groups in catchment areas enrolled voluntarily. Photographed service cards were issued entitled for free IPD/OPD consultations, investigations and bed charges excluding CT scans and specialty treatment. Institute bore operation and medicine costs up to 10000 and 3500 respectively for IPD yearly. Premium was fixed after a research through focus group discussion in villages of Morang, Sunsari and Biratnagar. A flat rate premium of 15 and 50 NRS/adult/month for villagers, city dwellers and half for children was fixed. Marginalized community and handicapped paid 33% of premium, 33% by Institute and 33% by concerned VDC. As the client number increased from 2383 to 7392 in second and to 15779 in third year, Premium: Expenditure ratio moved from 225:222 to 198:391. Average cost sharing of premium to expenditure came to 226:332 showing a negative 3alance. This scheme completed its fourth year till this research in 2005 A.D. But it was closed due to deficit. As reinsured population occasionally concealed information by not incorporating all family members. They defaulted in subsequent year after utilizing the benefits of SHI and misused the card for uninsured ones. It may, in its optimized form, become a model to be widely adopted to bridge the gap between the cost of treatment and the ability to pay in developing countries.
|
['Focus Groups', 'Humans', 'Insurance, Health', 'Models, Economic', 'Nepal', 'Social Security']
| 28,598,462
|
[['E05.318.308.112', 'N05.715.360.300.269', 'N06.850.520.308.112'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N03.219.521.576.343'], ['E05.318.740.500.600', 'E05.599.835.890', 'N05.715.360.750.530.500', 'N06.850.520.830.500.600'], ['Z01.252.245.674'], ['N03.219.521.346.506.849', 'N03.219.521.576.823']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Sex differences in gastric mucosal protection after 16, 16-dimethyl PGE2 and lithium chloride.
|
While the incidence of duodenal ulcer disease has been documented to be greater in men than in women, this observation has not been previously noted in animal studies of the upper gastrointestinal tract. In this study, we questioned whether the cytoprotective properties of 16, 16-dimethyl PGE2 were sex-related by comparing the degree of ethanol-induced hemorrhagic gastritis in male and female rats pretreated with 16,16-dimethyl PGE2 or lithium chloride. Animals receiving 16,16-dimethyl PGE2 or lithium chloride had significantly less ethanol-induced hemorrhagic gastritis (1.17 +/- 0.15 and 1.24 +/- 0.13, respectively, p less than 0.001) when compared with controls (2.69 +/- 0.10). Female rats treated with 16,16-dimethyl PGE2 had 59% less hemorrhagic gastritis than male rats treated similarly (0.76 +/- 0.14 vs 1.86 +/- 0.19 respectively, p less than 0.001). This sex-related difference in hemorrhagic gastritis was not noted in male and female rats receiving lithium chloride (1.24 +/- 0.15 vs 1.23 +/- 0.27, respectively). However, female rats treated with 16, 16-dimethyl PGE2 had significantly less hemorrhagic gastritis when compared with female rats receiving lithium chloride (0.76 +/- 0.14 vs 1.24 +/- 0.15 respectively, p less than 0.05).
|
['16,16-Dimethylprostaglandin E2', 'Animals', 'Chlorides', 'Ethanol', 'Female', 'Gastric Mucosa', 'Gastritis', 'Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage', 'Lithium', 'Lithium Chloride', 'Male', 'Peptic Ulcer', 'Prostaglandins E, Synthetic', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Strains', 'Sex Factors']
| 3,025,937
|
[['D10.251.355.255.550.775.450.300', 'D23.469.050.175.725.775.450.300', 'D23.469.700.660.200'], ['B01.050'], ['D01.210.450.150', 'D01.248.497.158.215'], ['D02.033.375'], ['A03.556.875.875.440', 'A10.615.550.291'], ['C06.405.205.697', 'C06.405.748.398'], ['C06.405.227', 'C23.550.414.788'], ['D01.268.549.450', 'D01.268.557.290', 'D01.552.528.480', 'D01.552.547.290'], ['D01.210.450.150.450', 'D01.510.500'], ['C06.405.469.275.800', 'C06.405.748.586'], ['D10.251.355.255.550.775.450', 'D23.469.050.175.725.775.450', 'D23.469.700.660'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400'], ['N05.715.350.675', 'N06.850.490.875']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
[Significance of autopsy in patients with head and neck cancer].
|
BACKGROUND: Nowadays, the morphological assessment of samples obtained from living patients has a greater importance than the scientific knowledge which is gained by autopsy. Therefore, the aim of the study was a retrospective analysis of causes of death in patients with head and neck cancer.MATERIAL AND METHODS: The autopsy rate, clinical parameters of oncologic patients as well as autopsy findings like lethal complications, distant metastases and second primary tumors were retrospectively analyzed.RESULTS: From 1968 to 2007 in 91 patients with malignant tumors of the head and neck an autopsy was performed. In these 39 years an autopsy was performed in 45.9% of dead oncologic patients. Autopsy findings revealed distant metastases in 46.2% and second primary tumors in 17.6% of the patients. 49.5% of the patients died from pneumonia, 20.9% from tumor bleeding and 10% from progressive cachexia.CONCLUSION: The study confirms the global trend of a decline in autopsy numbers in the last 3 decades. However, as an important instrument of quality assurance autopsies continue to play an essential and indispensable role in medical research.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Autopsy', 'Biopsy', 'Cause of Death', 'Comorbidity', 'Disease Progression', 'Disease-Free Survival', 'Female', 'Germany', 'Humans', 'Lymphatic Metastasis', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasm Grading', 'Neoplasm Staging', 'Otorhinolaryngologic Neoplasms', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Quality Assurance, Health Care', 'Survival Rate', 'Utilization Review']
| 22,477,387
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['E01.370.060', 'E05.070', 'I01.198.780.937.120'], ['E01.370.225.500.384.100', 'E01.370.225.998.054', 'E01.370.388.100', 'E04.074', 'E05.200.500.384.100', 'E05.200.998.054', 'E05.242.384.100'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.250', 'N01.224.935.698.100', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.250', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.250'], ['N05.715.350.225', 'N06.850.490.687'], ['C23.550.291.656'], ['E01.789.800.190', 'E05.318.740.998.300', 'N04.761.559.590.800.190', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800.190', 'N05.715.360.750.795.300', 'N06.850.520.830.998.300'], ['Z01.542.315'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.697.650.560', 'C23.550.727.650.560'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.789.612'], ['E01.789.625'], ['C04.588.443.665', 'C09.647'], ['E05.318.370.800.650', 'N05.715.360.325.700.640', 'N06.850.520.445.800.650'], ['N04.761.700', 'N05.700'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.900', 'N01.224.935.698.826', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.900', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.900'], ['N04.761.879', 'N05.700.900']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Diabetes in urban African Americans: functional health literacy of municipal hospital outpatients with diabetes.
|
Functional health literacy was assessed in 63 patients from the diabetes outpatient clinic, 20 from the general medicine clinic, and a total of 48 from two satellite medical clinics. All patients received a demographic questionnaire, visual screening, and the Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults, an instrument with good validity and internal consistency used to measure the ability to read and understand medical instructions. Functional health literacy was adequate in only 47% of new patients at the diabetes clinic and only 25% of established patients at all sites. There were no significant differences in functional health literacy among established patients across all sites. Overall, patients' mean functional health literacy level was inadequate to marginal. Of the patients with inadequate functional health literacy, 43% denied difficulty in reading. Patient education strategies and materials are needed to address this important barrier to healthcare delivery.
|
['Adult', 'African Americans', 'Aged', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2', 'Educational Status', 'Female', 'Hospitals, Municipal', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Outpatients', 'Patient Education as Topic', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Urban Population']
| 9,355,373
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.686.508.100.100', 'M01.686.754.100'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C18.452.394.750.149', 'C19.246.300'], ['N01.824.196'], ['N02.278.421.510.210', 'N02.278.421.660.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['M01.643.630'], ['I02.233.332.500', 'N02.421.726.407.680'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['N01.600.900']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Association of corticosteroids use and outcomes in COVID-19 patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
|
BACKGROUND: To systematically review the literature about the association between systemic corticosteroid therapy (CST) and outcomes of COVID-19 patients.METHODS: We searched Medline, Embase, EBM Reviews, Scopus, Web of Science, and preprints up to July 20, 2020. We included observational studies and randomized controlled trials (RCT) that assessed COVID-19 patients treated with CST. We pooled adjusted effect estimates of mortality and other outcomes using a random effect model, among studies at low or moderate risk for bias. We assessed the certainty of evidence for each outcome using the GRADE approach.RESULTS: Out of 1067 citations screened for eligibility, one RCT and 19 cohort studies were included (16,977 hospitalized patients). Ten studies (1 RCT and 9 cohorts) with 10,278 patients examined the effect of CST on short term mortality. The pooled adjusted RR was 0.92 (95% CI 0.69-1.22, I2 = 81.94%). This effect was observed across all stages of disease severity. Four cohort studies examined the effect of CST on composite outcome of death, ICU admission and mechanical ventilation need. The pooled adjusted RR was 0.41(0.23-0.73, I2 = 78.69%). Six cohort studies examined the effect of CST on delayed viral clearance. The pooled adjusted RR was 1.47(95% CI 1.11-1.93, I2 = 43.38%).CONCLUSION: In this systematic review, as of July 2020, heterogeneous and low certainty cumulative evidence based on observational studies and one RCT suggests that CST was not associated with reduction in short-term mortality but possibly with a delay in viral clearance in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 of different severities. However, the discordant results between the single RCT and observational studies as well as the heterogeneity observed across observational studies, call for caution in using observational data and suggests the need for more RCTs to identify the clinical and biochemical characteristics of patients' population that could benefit from CST.
|
['Adrenal Cortex Hormones', 'Betacoronavirus', 'COVID-19', 'Coronavirus Infections', 'Hospitalization', 'Humans', 'Observational Studies as Topic', 'Pandemics', 'Pneumonia, Viral', 'Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic', 'SARS-CoV-2', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 33,008,778
|
[['D06.472.040'], ['B04.820.578.500.540.150.113'], ['C01.748.214', 'C01.748.610.763.500', 'C01.925.705.500', 'C01.925.782.600.550.200.163', 'C08.381.677.807.500', 'C08.730.214', 'C08.730.610.763.500'], ['C01.925.782.600.550.200'], ['E02.760.400', 'N02.421.585.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.372.250.500', 'N05.715.360.330.250.500', 'N06.850.520.450.250.500'], ['N06.850.290.200.600'], ['C01.748.610.763', 'C01.925.705', 'C08.381.677.807', 'C08.730.610.763'], ['E05.318.372.250.250.365.500', 'N05.715.360.330.250.250.365.500', 'N06.850.520.450.250.250.365.500'], ['B04.820.578.500.540.150.113.968'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Variability in cardiovascular and plasma norepinephrine responses to head-up tilt in healthy human subjects.
|
Eight healthy, young adult males underwent three separate, 10-min 70 degrees head-up tilts (HUT) over a period of nine days, in order to assess the intra- and inter-individual variability of cardiovascular and plasma norepinephrine (NE) responses to the manoeuvre. Cardiovascular parameters and plasma NE were measured in the basal state and at 2-min intervals during the HUT. The results indicate that: (1) the intra-individual variability is a smaller component of the total variability of both cardiovascular and plasma NE responses to HUT; (2) the variability in cardiovascular parameters is smaller than that in plasma NE levels, both basal and in response to postural stress; (3) there does not appear to be any difference in variability when expressed either as the maximal or the mean response to HUT; and (4) there does not appear to be an increase in the variability of the measured parameters over the duration of the HUT.
|
['Adult', 'Blood Pressure', 'Cardiography, Impedance', 'Electrocardiography', 'Heart Rate', 'Hemodynamics', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Norepinephrine', 'Posture']
| 1,787,258
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E01.370.600.875.249', 'G09.330.380.076'], ['E01.370.370.380.160', 'E01.370.370.610.610.200'], ['E01.370.370.380.240', 'E01.370.405.240'], ['E01.370.600.875.500', 'G09.330.380.500'], ['G09.330.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D02.033.100.291.502', 'D02.092.063.480', 'D02.092.211.215.746', 'D02.092.311.830', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.175.830'], ['G11.427.695']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Determining early gastric cancer lesions appropriate for endoscopic submucosal dissection trainees: a proposal related to curability.
|
Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) was introduced worldwide as a new treatment option for early gastric cancer. Our objective was to discuss the limited ESD reports available and to determine the lesions suitable for use in training endoscopists on which lesions are appropriate for ESD. We reviewed a series of ESD reports that have been written on various risk factors related to the resectability or curability of a variety of lesions. These published studies show that certain risk factors such as tumor size and location and the presence of ulceration are closely related to both resectability and curability. Because the combination of these risk factors resulted in a much higher risk than did any single factor, we recently established a 'risk assessment chart' to determine an individual's total risk of treatment failure for early gastric cancer that has been treated using ESD. This risk chart provides a clear indication that small, non-ulcerated lesions located in the lower third of the stomach have a high rate of curative resection and are technically less challenging if ESD is used. We suggest that trainees should gain ESD experience with such lesions before they start to perform ESD on more difficult lesion types that have a lower probability of curative resection. In addition, we suggest that this risk assessment chart is suitable for the pretreatment assessment of curability and the likelihood of successful en bloc resection.
|
['Clinical Competence', 'Dissection', 'Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal', 'Humans', 'Intestinal Mucosa', 'Risk Assessment', 'Risk Factors', 'Stomach Neoplasms', 'Stomach Ulcer']
| 22,533,771
|
[['I02.399.630.210', 'N04.761.210', 'N05.715.175'], ['E01.370.225.998.221', 'E04.221', 'E05.200.998.221'], ['E01.370.372.250.250', 'E01.370.388.250.250.250', 'E04.210.240.250', 'E04.502.250.250.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A03.556.124.369', 'A10.615.550.444'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.715', 'N04.452.871.715', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.690', 'N06.850.505.715', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.715'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['C04.588.274.476.767', 'C06.301.371.767', 'C06.405.249.767', 'C06.405.748.789'], ['C06.405.469.275.800.849', 'C06.405.748.586.849']]
|
['Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Isocratic separation of PTH-amino acids at picomole level by reverse-phase HPLC in the presence of sodium dodecylsulfate.
|
The phenylthiohydantoin (PTH) derivatives of protein amino acids have been separated by reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) on a fully end-capped C18 column using an isocratic solvent system. The developing solvent was 0.01 M sodium acetate buffer (pH 4.5) containing 39.5% acetonitrile and 0.02% sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS). With an automated liquid chromatography equipped with a dual-channel detector, operating at 254 and 313 nm, the present isocratic separation system was quite useful for routine microanalysis of PTH-amino acids released with a "gas-phase" sequencer. The time for one run was approximately 23 min and the limit of analysis approximately 2.5 pmol of a PTH-amino acid.
|
['Amino Acids', 'Autoanalysis', 'Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'Hydantoins', 'Microchemistry', 'Phenylthiohydantoin', 'Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate', 'Time Factors']
| 4,008,475
|
[['D12.125'], ['E05.059'], ['E05.196.181.400.300'], ['D03.383.129.308.432.555'], ['E05.196.620', 'H01.181.650'], ['D03.383.129.308.432.555.868.650'], ['D02.033.415.220.720', 'D02.886.645.600.055.050.632', 'D10.289.220.720'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Luteinizing hormone secretion after withdrawal of exogenous progestogen in heifers fed three levels of dietary energy.
|
As experiment was conducted with 15 Angus X Hereford heifers that were 16 mo of age at the time the experiment was initiated. The heifers were assigned randomly in equal numbers to be fed low (L), maintenance (M) or high (H) energy diets for 191 d. Overall average weight for heifers at the time the experiment was initiated was 294 +/- 6 kg. All heifers were exhibiting estrous cycles at regular intervals and estrus was synchronized using a progestogen implant (norgestomet) in combination with an injection of estradiol valerate and norgestomet before initiation of dietary treatments. Dietary treatments started at time of implant removal and this day was designated as d 0. Blood samples were collected every other day from d 150 to 160 and progesterone concentrations were quantified to evaluate estrous cycle activity. In order to resynchronize the reproductive state, all heifers were retreated with norgestomet implants and injected with the estradiol valerate and norgestomet combination on d 160. Implants were removed on d 170. Serial blood samples were collected for 4-h periods at 20-min intervals starting at 0, 10, 20 and 30 h after implant removal and luteinizing hormone (LH) concentrations were quantified. Progesterone was quantified in samples collected at daily intervals (170 to 191 d) to evaluate whether a normal estrous cycle occurred subsequent to removal of the implant. Four of five heifers in each of the L and M treatment groups were not cycling, whereas all heifers in the H treatment were cycling at the time of progestogen implantation on d 160.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
|
['Animals', 'Body Weight', 'Cattle', 'Diet', 'Drug Combinations', 'Drug Implants', 'Energy Metabolism', 'Estradiol', 'Estrus', 'Female', 'Luteinizing Hormone', 'Pregnancy', 'Pregnenediones', 'Progesterone']
| 6,546,564
|
[['B01.050'], ['C23.888.144', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120', 'E05.041.124.160.750', 'G07.100.100.160.120', 'G07.345.249.314.120'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['G07.203.650.240'], ['D26.310'], ['D26.255.210.315'], ['G03.295'], ['D04.210.500.365.415.248', 'D06.472.334.851.437.500'], ['G08.686.195.500'], ['D06.472.699.322.576.463', 'D06.472.699.631.525.343.463', 'D12.644.548.691.525.343.463'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['D04.210.500.745.745.654'], ['D04.210.500.745.745.654.829', 'D06.472.334.734.623', 'D06.472.334.851.687.750']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Fast color grouping and slow color inhibition: evidence for distinct temporal windows for separate processes in preview search.
|
The authors report 4 experiments that examined color grouping and negative carryover effects in preview search via a probe detection task (J. J. Braithwaite, G. W. Humphreys, & J. Hodsoll, 2003). In Experiment 1, there was evidence of a negative color carryover from the preview to new items, using both search and probe detection measures. There was also a negative bias against probes on old items that carried the majority color in the preview. With a short preview duration (150 ms) carryover effects to new items were greatly reduced, but probe detection remained biased against the majority color in the old items. Experiments 2 and 4 showed that the color bias effects on old items could be reduced when these items had to be prioritized relative to being ignored. Experiment 3 tested and rejected the idea that variations in the probability of whether minority or majority colors were probed were crucial. These results show that the time course of color carryover effects can be separated from effects of early color grouping in the preview display: Color grouping is fast, and inhibitory color carryover effects are slow.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Attention', 'Color Perception', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Inhibition, Psychological', 'Male', 'Reaction Time', 'Time Factors', 'Visual Perception']
| 17,563,218
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['F02.830.104.214'], ['F02.463.593.932.217'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.145.544', 'F02.463.425.475', 'F02.739.794.405'], ['E05.796.817', 'F02.830.650', 'F04.669.817', 'G11.561.677'], ['G01.910.857'], ['F02.463.593.932']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Simultaneous quantification of Schisandrin B enantiomers in rat plasma by chiral LC-MS/MS: Application in a stereoselective pharmacokinetic study.
|
Schisandrin B (Sch B) has received much attention owing to its various biological activities. Schisandrin B exists as a racemate in "wuweizi", a traditional Chinese medicine in China. In the present study, a novel chiral LC-MS/MS method was developed for enantioselective separation and determination of Schisandrin B in rat plasma. The plasma samples were prepared by liquid-liquid extraction (LLE). Schisandrol B was used as internal standard. Chiral separation was obtained on a Chiralpak IC column using 0.1% (v/v) formic acid in mixture of methanol and water (90:10, v/v) as a mobile phase. Parameters including the selectivity, linearity, precision, accuracy, extraction recovery, matrix effect and stability were evaluated. The method described here is simple and reproducible. The lower limit of quantification of 5.0 ng/mL for each Sch B enantiomer permits the use of the method in investigating the stereoselective pharmacokinetics of Sch B. Following racemic Sch B and "wuweizi" extracts, the area under the curve of (8R, 8'S)-Sch B was statistically higher than the one of (8S, 8' R)-Sch B, with a ratio of 1.16-1.40 in three cases. This study firstly reports the development and validation of enantioselective behavior of Sch B in vivo, and provides a reference for clinical practice and encourages further research into Sch B enantioselective metabolism and drug interactions.
|
['Animals', 'Anti-Inflammatory Agents', 'Chromatography, Liquid', 'Cyclooctanes', 'Dioxoles', 'Lignans', 'Male', 'Polycyclic Compounds', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Stereoisomerism', 'Tandem Mass Spectrometry']
| 29,990,885
|
[['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.158'], ['E05.196.181.400'], ['D02.455.426.392.368.408'], ['D03.383.246'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.140.450'], ['D04'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['G02.607.445.682'], ['E05.196.566.880']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Stat6 signaling suppresses VLA-4 expression by CD8+ T cells and limits their ability to infiltrate tumor lesions in vivo.
|
VLA-4 plays a critical role in T cell trafficking into inflammatory sites. Our recent studies have suggested that VLA-4 expression on CD8+ T cells is negatively controlled by IL-4 and serves as a functionally distinguishing variable for why Type-1, but not Type-2, CD8+ T cells are able to traffic into tumors. In this study, using in vitro culture of murine CD8+ T cells under Type-1 and Type-2 cytokine conditions, we show that IL-4-mediated down-regulation of VLA-4 expression is completely abrogated in Stat6-deficient CD8+ T cells. Conversely, CD8+ T cells expressing a constitutively active mutant form Stat6 (Stat6VT) failed to express VLA-4 even in the absence of IL-4-stimulation. Notably, Type-2 CD8+ T cells developed from Stat6-/- but not wild-type mice were competent to migrate into tumor lesions in vivo. These results suggest that Stat6-signaling is necessary and sufficient to restrict CD8+ T cell expression of VLA-4 (by IL-4), thereby serving as a regulator for CD8+ T cell infiltration into tumors.
|
['Animals', 'CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes', 'Down-Regulation', 'Integrin alpha4beta1', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Mice, Knockout', 'Neoplasms', 'Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases', 'Protein Transport', 'STAT6 Transcription Factor', 'Signal Transduction', 'Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1']
| 18,566,374
|
[['B01.050'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.569.220', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.220', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.220'], ['G02.111.240', 'G05.308.200', 'G07.690.773.937'], ['D12.776.395.550.200.625.347', 'D12.776.543.550.200.625.347', 'D12.776.543.750.705.408.530.500', 'D12.776.543.750.705.408.850.299', 'D12.776.543.750.705.877.347', 'D23.050.301.350.625.347'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['B01.050.050.136.500.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.455', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800.500'], ['C04'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.500'], ['G03.143.700'], ['D12.644.360.024.342.600', 'D12.776.157.057.186.600', 'D12.776.476.024.430.600', 'D12.776.930.840.600'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['D12.776.395.550.200.920', 'D12.776.543.550.200.920', 'D23.050.301.350.920']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Alternative oral exemestane formulation: improved dissolution and permeation.
|
Exemestane (EXE) is an irreversible aromatase inactivator used for the treatment of advanced postmenopausal breast cancer. EXE is orally active but its bioavailability is about 5% due to its low solubility in water and the extensive first pass effect. It is known that cyclodextrin (CD) complexation enhances solubility and oral bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs. Thus, it was aimed to design and develop cyclodextrin complexes in powder and tablet forms containing EXE to improve aqueous solubility and in vitro permeability. In this study, inclusion complexes of EXE were prepared with three different CD derivatives (methyl-beta-cyclodextrin, hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin and hydroxypropyl-gamma-cyclodextrin) and by two different preparation methods (kneading and colyophilization) and the complexes were characterized with (1)H NMR, FT-IR, SEM, X-ray and DSC analyses. Both inclusion complexes and tablet formulations prepared using EXE:CD inclusion complexes showed significant improvement in the dissolution profile of this oral antiestrogen drug. Furthermore, Caco-2 cell permeation studies revealed that apparent permeability constant for EXE was increased by 3-fold via cyclodextrin complexation. In conclusion, complexation of EXE with cyclodextrin derivatives, randomly methylated-beta-cyclodextrin in particular, results in a more efficient tablet formulation with improved dissolution and better permeation suggesting an enhancement in oral bioavailability of the drug.
|
['Administration, Oral', 'Androstadienes', 'Caco-2 Cells', 'Chemistry, Pharmaceutical', 'Humans', 'Permeability', 'Solubility', 'X-Ray Diffraction']
| 20,678,561
|
[['E02.319.267.100'], ['D04.210.500.054.079.129'], ['A11.251.210.190.160', 'A11.251.860.180.160', 'A11.436.140'], ['H01.158.703.007', 'H01.181.466'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G02.723'], ['G02.805'], ['E05.196.309.742', 'E05.196.822.950', 'G01.867.950', 'G02.965']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Impact craters as biospheric microenvironments, Lawn Hill Structure, Northern Australia.
|
Impact craters on Mars act as traps for eolian sediment and in the past may have provided suitable microenvironments that could have supported and preserved a stressed biosphere. If this is so, terrestrial impact structures such as the 18-km-diameter Lawn Hill Structure, in northern Australia, may prove useful as martian analogs. We sampled outcrop and drill core from the carbonate fill of the Lawn Hill Structure and recorded its gamma-log signature. Facies data along with whole rock geochemistry and stable isotope signatures show that the crater fill is an outlier of the Georgina Basin and was formed by impact at, or shortly before, approximately 509-506 million years ago. Subsequently, it was rapidly engulfed by the Middle Cambrian marine transgression, which filled it with shallow marine carbonates and evaporites. The crater formed a protected but restricted microenvironment in which sediments four times the thickness of the nearby basinal succession accumulated. Similar structures, common on the martian surface, may well have acted as biospheric refuges as the planet's water resources declined. Low-pH aqueous environments on Earth similar to those on Mars, while extreme, support diverse ecologies. The architecture of the eolian crater fill would have been defined by long-term ground water cycles resulting from intermittent precipitation in an extremely arid climate. Nutrient recycling, critical to a closed lacustrine sub-ice biosphere, could be provided by eolian transport onto the frozen water surface.
|
['Ecosystem', 'Exobiology', 'Extraterrestrial Environment', 'Geography', 'Geologic Sediments', 'Ice Cover', 'Mars', 'Meteoroids', 'Models, Theoretical', 'Northern Territory', 'Water Microbiology']
| 16,689,651
|
[['G16.500.275.157', 'N06.230.124'], ['H01.158.273.295'], ['G01.060.075.159', 'G16.500.275.240'], ['H01.277.500'], ['G01.311.330', 'G16.500.320'], ['G01.311.400', 'G16.500.275.410.500', 'N06.230.291.500'], ['G01.060.075.730.700.625'], ['G01.060.075.500'], ['E05.599'], ['Z01.639.100.875', 'Z01.678.100.373.875'], ['H01.158.273.540.274.777', 'N06.850.425.450']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
The impact of transgenic mosquitoes on dengue virulence to humans and mosquitoes.
|
Dengue is a major public health concern in the tropics and subtropics. Innovative transgenic strategies to render Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, the primary vector of dengue, incompetent for dengue transmission are under development. We modeled the evolutionary impact of different transgenic mosquito strategies on dengue-induced mortality, that is, dengue virulence, to both humans and mosquitoes. This model incorporates various evolutionary trade-offs in dengue virus epidemiological traits, for example, a trade-off between dengue transmission rate and its virulence to humans. Our results indicate that strategies that block transmission or reduce mosquito biting impose selection on dengue virulence in humans. This selection can be for either higher or lower virulence, depending on the interaction between the effect of the transgene and the trade-offs in epidemiological traits, highlighting the need for detailed quantitative data to understand more fully the impact of mosquito transgenesis on dengue virulence. Dengue virulence in mosquitoes can be selected on by transgenic strategies of blocking transmission, decreased mosquito biting, increased mosquito background mortality, and increased mosquito infection-induced mortality. Our results suggest that dengue control strategies that raise mosquito background mortality or mosquito infection-induced mortality pose less risk of causing increased virulence to humans than strategies that block transmission or reduce mosquito biting.
|
['Aedes', 'Animals', 'Animals, Genetically Modified', 'Dengue', 'Dengue Virus', 'Feeding Behavior', 'Humans', 'Insect Vectors', 'Models, Genetic', 'Selection, Genetic', 'Virulence']
| 19,737,112
|
[['B01.050.500.131.617.720.500.500.750.712.500.875.100'], ['B01.050'], ['B01.050.050.136', 'B05.620.136'], ['C01.920.500.270', 'C01.925.081.270', 'C01.925.782.350.250.214', 'C01.925.782.417.214'], ['B04.820.578.344.350.270'], ['F01.145.113.547', 'F01.145.407', 'G07.203.650.353'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N06.850.335.188.100.500', 'N06.850.520.203.375.100.500'], ['E05.599.395.397'], ['G05.783'], ['G06.930']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Children unable to perform screening tests in vision in preschoolers study: proportion with ocular conditions and impact on measures of test accuracy.
|
PURPOSE: To examine the relative prevalence of ocular conditions among children who are unable to perform preschool vision screening tests and the impact on measures of screening test performance.METHODS: Trained nurse and lay screeners each administered a Lea Symbols visual acuity (VA) test (Good-Lite, Inc., Steamwood, IL), Stereo Smile II test (Stereo Optical, Inc., Chicago, IL), and Retinomax Autorefractor (Right Manufacturing, Virginia Beach, VA), and SureSight Vision Screener (Welch Allyn, Inc., Skaneateles Falls, NY) examinations to 1475 children who later received a comprehensive eye examination to identify amblyopia, strabismus, significant refractive error, and unexplained reduced VA. The outcomes of the examination for children for whom screeners were unable to obtain results (Unables) were compared to the outcomes of children who passed and children who failed each screening test. When estimating sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values (PPV and NPV), Unables were classified as either screening failures or screening passers.RESULTS: Less than 2% of children were classified as Unables for each test. The percentage with an ocular condition was at least two times higher for Unables than for screening passers for six of the eight modes of screening (P < 0.05). Considering Unables as screening failures, rather than screening passers, increased the estimate of sensitivity by 1% to 3% (depending on test) and decreased the estimate of specificity by 0% to 2%; PPV decreased by 0% to 4% for most tests, whereas NPV increased by <1%.CONCLUSIONS: Preschool children who are unable to perform VIP screening tests are more likely to have vision disorders than are children who pass the tests. Because < or =2% of children were unable to do each test, referring these children for an eye examination had little impact on the PPV and NPV of the tests, as administered in VIP.
|
['Allied Health Personnel', 'Amblyopia', 'Child, Preschool', 'False Positive Reactions', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Pediatric Nursing', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Prevalence', 'Refractive Errors', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Strabismus', 'Vision Screening', 'Visual Acuity', 'Workforce']
| 17,197,520
|
[['M01.526.485.067', 'N02.360.067'], ['C10.228.140.055', 'C10.597.751.941.073', 'C11.966.073', 'C23.888.592.763.941.073'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['E01.354.506'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['H02.478.676.631', 'N02.421.533.691'], ['E05.318.370.800.650', 'N05.715.360.325.700.640', 'N06.850.520.445.800.650'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['C11.744'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['C10.292.562.887', 'C11.590.810'], ['E01.370.380.850.900', 'E05.318.308.980.438.580.925', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.500.825', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.580.925', 'N06.850.780.500.950'], ['E01.370.380.850.950', 'F02.463.593.932.901', 'G14.940'], ['N04.452.525']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Targeted cytoplasmic irradiation and autophagy.
|
The effect of ionizing irradiation on cytoplasmic organelles is often underestimated because the general dogma considers direct DNA damage in the nuclei to be the primary cause of radiation induced toxicity. Using a precision microbeam irradiator, we examined the changes in mitochondrial dynamics and functions triggered by targeted cytoplasmic irradiation with á-particles. Mitochondrial dysfunction induced by targeted cytoplasmic irradiation led to activation of autophagy, which degraded dysfunctional mitochondria in order to maintain cellular energy homeostasis. The activation of autophagy was cytoplasmic irradiation-specific and was not detected in nuclear irradiated cells. This autophagic process was oxyradical-dependent and required the activity of the mitochondrial fission protein dynamin related protein 1 (DRP1). The resultant mitochondrial fission induced phosphorylation of AMP activated protein kinase (AMPK) which leads to further activation of the extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK) 1/2 with concomitant inhibition of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) to initiate autophagy. Inhibition of autophagy resulted in delayed DNA damage repair and decreased cell viability, which supports the cytoprotective function of autophagy. Our results reveal a novel mechanism in which dysfunctional mitochondria are degraded by autophagy in an attempt to protect cells from toxic effects of targeted cytoplasmic radiation.
|
['Alpha Particles', 'Apoptosis', 'Autophagy', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Cytoplasm', 'Epithelial Cells', 'Humans', 'Mitochondrial Dynamics', 'Reactive Oxygen Species', 'Respiratory System', 'TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases']
| 28,283,188
|
[['G01.750.750.055'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['G04.011'], ['A11.251'], ['A11.284.430.214'], ['A11.436'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G04.599.750'], ['D01.339.431', 'D01.650.775'], ['A04'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.931', 'D12.776.476.925']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Molecular requirements for kinetochore-associated microtubule formation in mammalian cells.
|
In centrosome-containing cells, microtubules nucleated at centrosomes are thought to play a major role in spindle assembly. In addition, microtubule formation at kinetochores has also been observed, most recently under physiological conditions in live cells. The relative contributions of microtubule formation at kinetochores and centrosomes to spindle assembly, and their molecular requirements, remain incompletely understood. Using mammalian cells released from nocodazole-induced disassembly, we observed microtubule formation at centrosomes and at Bub1-positive sites on chromosomes. Kinetochore-associated microtubules rapidly coalesced into pole-like structures in a dynein-dependent manner. Microinjection of excess importin-beta or depletion of the Ran-dependent spindle assembly factor, TPX2, blocked kinetochore-associated microtubule formation, enhanced centrosome-associated microtubule formation, but did not prevent chromosome capture by centrosomal microtubules. Depletion of the chromosome passenger protein, survivin, reduced microtubule formation at kinetochores in an MCAK-dependent manner. Microtubule formation in cells depleted of Bub1 or Nuf2 was indistinguishable from that in controls. Our data demonstrate that microtubule assembly at centrosomes and kinetochores is kinetically distinct and differentially regulated. The presence of microtubules at kinetochores provides a mechanism to reconcile the time required for spindle assembly in vivo with that observed in computer simulations of search and capture.
|
['Animals', 'Cell Cycle Proteins', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Dyneins', 'Kinetochores', 'Microtubule-Associated Proteins', 'Microtubules', 'Models, Biological', 'Nuclear Proteins', 'Spindle Apparatus', 'Tubulin', 'ran GTP-Binding Protein']
| 16,527,751
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.776.167'], ['A11.251'], ['D08.811.277.040.013.500.063', 'D08.811.277.040.025.024.063', 'D08.811.277.040.025.193.249', 'D12.776.157.025.750.063', 'D12.776.220.600.200'], ['A11.284.430.106.279.345.190.160.165.500', 'G05.360.160.165.500'], ['D12.776.220.600.450', 'D12.776.631.560'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.750.602'], ['E05.599.395'], ['D12.776.660'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.750.820'], ['D05.750.078.734.800', 'D12.776.220.600.800', 'D12.776.631.920'], ['D08.811.277.040.330.300.400.462', 'D12.644.360.525.462', 'D12.776.157.325.515.462', 'D12.776.157.530.750.750', 'D12.776.476.525.462', 'D12.776.543.585.750.750', 'D12.776.660.768']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Pharmacological prevention of postoperative adhesions experimentally induced in the rat.
|
In order to evaluate the preventive action of certain drugs in the formation of adhesions, three different types of trauma were induced in the uterine horns of 105 female Wistar rats. The animals were divided into six groups of 15 rats each and to each group was administered respectively: aprotinin i.p.; hydrocortisone i.p.; dextran 70 i.p.; colchicine i.p.; saline i.p.; colchicine i.m. One more group of 15 rats was left without treatment, as control. Four weeks later the adhesions were evaluated according to a qualitative/quantitative score and the results analysed using advanced statistical analysis. Aprotinin achieved the best results both in and around the trauma areas. Dextran produced an overall reduction of adhesions, but showed no specific effect on the trauma areas. The other substances failed to improve the adhesion situation.
|
['Animals', 'Aprotinin', 'Colchicine', 'Dextrans', 'Female', 'Hydrocortisone', 'Injections, Intramuscular', 'Injections, Intraperitoneal', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Strains', 'Sodium Chloride', 'Tissue Adhesions', 'Uterus']
| 2,437,747
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.776.083'], ['D03.132.225'], ['D05.750.078.562.272', 'D09.698.365.272'], ['D04.210.500.745.745.654.600', 'D06.472.040.585.353.476', 'D06.472.040.585.478.392'], ['E02.319.267.530.460'], ['E02.319.267.530.490'], ['C23.550.767'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400'], ['D01.210.450.150.875', 'D01.857.650'], ['C23.550.355.274.840'], ['A05.360.319.679']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Therapeutic activity of pretazettine, standard drugs, and the combinations on intraperitoneally implanted Lewis lung carcinoma in mice.
|
Therapeutic effectiveness of pretazettine (PTZ) has been demonstrated in the intraperitoneally (i.p.) implanted Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) in both syngeneic and allogeneic mice. The i.p. implanted LLC has been found to be sensitive to most standard drugs tested such as cyclophosphamide (CY), actinomycin D, 5-fluorouracil, methotrexate, 6-thioguanine and vincristine, in comparison to the subcutaneously (s.c.) or intravenously (i.v.) implanted LLC which was reported to be resistant to most standard drugs (s.c.-LLC) or resistant to actinomycin D, methotrexate and vincristine (i.v.-LLC). The effectiveness of PTZ was comparable to that of standard drugs in the i.p. implanted LLC system, and the combination therapy of PTZ with these standard drugs except vincristine was synergistically or additively effective. Also, the PTZ combination rescued the allogeneic mice from the risk of adverse (tumor-enhancing) effects of CY at moderate doses (25-50 mg/kg) given therapeutically.
|
['Alkaloids', 'Amaryllidaceae Alkaloids', 'Animals', 'Antineoplastic Agents', 'Cyclophosphamide', 'Drug Therapy, Combination', 'Fluorouracil', 'Lung Neoplasms', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred A', 'Mice, Inbred BALB C', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Mice, Inbred DBA', 'Neoplasms, Experimental']
| 6,872,620
|
[['D03.132'], ['D03.132.052'], ['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.248'], ['D02.455.526.728.650.730.243', 'D02.705.672.500.243'], ['E02.319.310'], ['D03.383.742.698.875.404'], ['C04.588.894.797.520', 'C08.381.540', 'C08.785.520'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.300', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.300'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.338', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.338'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.500'], ['C04.619', 'E05.598.500.496']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the mini Osteoporosis Quality of Life Questionnaire.
|
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to develop a Turkish version of the mini Osteoporosis Quality of Life Questionnaire (mini-OQLQ), and assess its reliability and validity.MATERIAL AND METHOD: Sixty-four women with postmenopausal osteoporosis were included in the study. Patients who were diagnosed with secondary osteoporosis through clinical and laboratory examinations were excluded from the study. After translation process, the Turkish version of the scale was applied to each participant twice with an interval of 2 weeks. For reliability study, internal consistency (Cronbach's á) of mini-OQLQ total score and test-retest intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) were calculated. Validation study was assessed by correlating the scale with QUALEFFO 41.RESULTS: The mean age at menopause and age of patients were 45.61 ± 6.04 and 59.91 ± 8.69 years, respectively. Cronbach's á of the Turkish version of the mini-OQLQ was 0.898. The test-retest reliability (ICC) of the Turkish version of the mini-OQLQ was determined as 0.81 for the total score, and ranged between 0.71 and 0.84 for individual items. In terms of validity, the Turkish version of mini-OQLQ showed significant negative correlation with QUALEFFO 41 (r= -0.756; p < 0.0001).CONCLUSION: The Turkish version of the mini-OQLQ was found to be reliable and valid in the evaluation of life quality of patients with postmenopausal osteoporosis.
|
['Activities of Daily Living', 'Aged', 'Female', 'Fractures, Bone', 'Humans', 'Language', 'Lumbar Vertebrae', 'Middle Aged', 'Motor Activity', 'Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal', 'Quality of Life', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Turkey']
| 22,684,199
|
[['E02.760.169.063.500.067', 'E02.831.067', 'I03.050', 'N02.421.784.110'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C26.404'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.145.209.399', 'L01.559'], ['A02.835.232.834.519'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['F01.145.632', 'G11.427.410.698'], ['C05.116.198.579.610', 'C18.452.104.579.610'], ['I01.800', 'K01.752.400.750', 'N06.850.505.400.425.837'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['Z01.252.245.500.850']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Characterization and fate of polychlorinated biphenyls, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans in soils and sediments at the Portsmouth Gaseous Diffusion Plant, Ohio.
|
The U.S. Department of Energy Portsmouth Gaseous Diffusion Plant is in the early stages of decommissioning and decontamination. During operations, the site drew a large amount of electric power and had multiple large switchyards on site. These are a source of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) contamination to both on-site and off-site streams. Some soil remediation has been completed in the main switchyard. During 2011 and 2012, fifteen sites were sampled at the surface (<10 cm) and subsurface (20-30 cm) to characterize the extent of PCB contamination, to identify weathering and migration of PCB contamination and to explore potential polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDD) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDF) contamination due to transformer fires and explosions in the 1950s and 1960s. Stagnant sites tended to exhibit more migration of contamination to deeper sediments than sites with fast-moving waters, and the highest concentrations were found at the bottom of a settling pond. A signature set of five dioxin-like PCBs were consistently found across the site with higher concentrations in carbon rich surface sediments. PCB concentrations had a significant inverse correlation with clay content, suggesting that PCBs did not bind to clays at this site. Remediation has reduced PCB concentrations throughout the site compared to levels found in previous studies and long-term upkeep of sediment lagoons is necessary to retain PCB and dioxin-rich sediments. The flow regimen, organic carbon and clay content play a very important role in the fate of PCBs in the environment at the surface as well as downward migration.
|
['Benzofurans', 'Dibenzofurans, Polychlorinated', 'Geologic Sediments', 'Ohio', 'Polychlorinated Biphenyls', 'Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins', 'Rivers', 'Soil', 'Soil Pollutants']
| 25,113,188
|
[['D03.633.100.127'], ['D02.309.250', 'D03.633.300.258.500'], ['G01.311.330', 'G16.500.320'], ['Z01.107.567.875.075.512', 'Z01.107.567.875.350.540', 'Z01.107.567.875.510.540'], ['D02.309.750', 'D02.455.426.559.389.185.698', 'D02.455.526.439.773'], ['D02.309.500.450', 'D03.633.300.786'], ['G01.311.750', 'G16.500.275.280.650', 'N06.230.232.650'], ['D20.721', 'G01.311.820', 'G16.500.275.815', 'N06.230.600'], ['D27.888.284.756']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Preparation and characterization of polyethyl-2-cyanoacrylate nanocapsules containing antiepileptic drugs.
|
Biocompatible and biodegradable colloidal drug delivery systems can be obtained by means of in situ polymerization of alkylcyanoacrylate. In particular, nanocapsules of polyethylcyanoacrylate (PECA) were prepared by adding the monomer to an organic phase, consisting of Miglyol 812 and an organic solvent (ethanol, acetone or acetonitrile), and subsequently mixing the organic phase with an aqueous phase containing Pluronic F68 at different concentrations. The possible mechanism of formation and the influence of preparation conditions on the quality of nanocapsule formulations were investigated by freeze-fracture electron microscopy and laser light scattering using both the inverse Laplace transform and the standard cumulant analysis for data fitting. High-quality nanocapsule systems were obtained using an aprotic fully water-miscible organic solvent such as acetone. The presence of ethanol led to the formation of both nanospheres and nanocapsules. The concentrations of nonionic surfactant in the aqueous phase of monomer in the organic phase did not influence the kind of colloidal suspension obtained. The oil simply plays the role of monomer support. The diameter of PECA nanoparticles (nanospheres and nanocapsules) ranged from 100 to 400 nm. Three antiepileptic drugs (Ethosuximide, 5,5-diphenyl hydantoin and carbamazepine) were entrapped in PECA nanocapsules. The loading capacity of PECA nanocapsules, prepared using acetone as organic solvent, varied from 1% to 11% (drug/dried material) as a function of the solubility (affinity) of the different drugs with the oil core. This parameter also influenced the release from PECA nanocapsules, which was slower for drugs with a higher affinity for Miglyol 812. By encapsulating the three antiepileptic drugs in the PECA nanocapsules, it was possible to achieve controlled drug release. The mechanism of drug release from PECA nanocapsules was mainly diffusion from the oil core through the intact polymer barrier.
|
['Acetone', 'Acetonitriles', 'Anticonvulsants', 'Biocompatible Materials', 'Carbamazepine', 'Cyanoacrylates', 'Diffusion', 'Drug Compounding', 'Drug Delivery Systems', 'Ethanol', 'Ethosuximide', 'Freeze Fracturing', 'Membranes, Artificial', 'Microscopy, Electron', 'Phenytoin', 'Poloxalene', 'Scattering, Radiation', 'Surface-Active Agents', 'Tissue Adhesives', 'Triglycerides']
| 8,730,958
|
[['D02.522.064'], ['D02.626.080'], ['D27.505.954.427.080'], ['D25.130', 'D27.720.102.130', 'J01.637.051.130'], ['D03.633.300.240.127'], ['D02.241.081.069.366', 'D02.626.290', 'D05.750.259', 'D25.720.259', 'D25.919.367', 'J01.637.051.720.259', 'J01.637.051.919.367'], ['G01.202', 'G02.196'], ['E05.916.270'], ['E02.319.300'], ['D02.033.375'], ['D02.478.770.333', 'D03.383.773.812.852.333'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.620.260', 'E01.370.225.750.600.620.260', 'E05.200.500.620.620.260', 'E05.200.750.600.620.260'], ['D25.479', 'J01.637.051.479', 'J01.637.087.500'], ['E01.370.350.515.402', 'E05.595.402'], ['D03.383.129.308.432.555.730'], ['D02.033.455.250.700.680', 'D05.750.741.650', 'D25.720.741.650', 'J01.637.051.720.741.650'], ['E05.196.822', 'G01.867'], ['D27.720.877'], ['D25.919', 'D27.720.102.919', 'E07.858.690.860', 'J01.637.051.919'], ['D10.351.801']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
A comparison of static and dynamic ?B0
|
PURPOSE: To assess the performance, in the presence of scanner instabilities, of three dynamic correction methods which integrate ?B0 mapping into the chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) measurement and three established static ?B0 -correction approaches.METHODS: A homogeneous phantom and five healthy volunteers were scanned with a CEST sequence at 7 T. The in vivo measurements were performed twice: first with unaltered system frequency and again applying frequency shifts during the CEST acquisition. In all cases, retrospective voxel-wise ?B0 -correction was performed using one intrinsic and two extrinsic [prescans with dual-echo gradient-echo and water saturation shift referencing (WASSR)] static approaches. These were compared with two intrinsic [using phase data directly generated by single-echo or double-echo GRE (gradient-echo) CEST readout (CEST-GRE-2TE)] and one extrinsic [phase from interleaved dual-echo EPI (echo planar imaging) navigator (NAV-EPI-2TE)] dynamic ?B0 -correction approaches [allowing correction of each Z-spectral point before magnetization transfer ratio asymmetry (MTRasym ) analysis].RESULTS: All three dynamic methods successfully mapped the induced drift. The intrinsic approaches were affected by the CEST labeling near water (?ù < |0.3| ppm). The MTRasym contrast was distorted by the frequency drift in the brain by up to 0.21%/Hz when static ?B0 -corrections were applied, whereas the dynamic ?B0 corrections reduced this to <0.01%/Hz without the need of external scans. The CEST-GRE-2TE and NAV-EPI-2TE resulted in highly consistent MTRasym values with/without drift for all subjects.CONCLUSION: Reliable correction of scanner instabilities is essential to establish clinical CEST MRI. The three dynamic approaches presented improved the ?B0 -correction performance significantly in the presence of frequency drift compared to established static methods. Among them, the self-corrected CEST-GRE-2TE was the most accurate and straightforward to implement.
|
['Adult', 'Brain', 'Echo-Planar Imaging', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Image Processing, Computer-Assisted', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Phantoms, Imaging']
| 30,924,210
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['A08.186.211'], ['E01.370.350.825.500.200'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.224.308'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['E07.671']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
[Safety and efficacy of specific sublingual immunotherapy in patients with asthma and allergy to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus].
|
BACKGROUND: First reports on sublingual immunotherapy were published in 1980.OBJECTIVE: To compare safety and effectiveness of sublingual immunotherapy, as compared with placebo, in asthmatic patients.MATERIALS: In a blinded randomized controlled trial asthmatic patients with positive skin prick tests to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, and with serum IgE at least 200 UI were included. According to GINA, asthma severity was mild persistent and moderate. All patients improved their baseline FEV1 at least by 14% after inhaled albuterol. Spirometry was performed again after three and six months after initiating treatment. Patients were randomized to receive for six months either sublingual immunotherapy with Der p 1 standardized allergens (IPI-ASAC, M?xico) at a total dose of 10,469 UBE or identically looking and tasting placebo. Both groups received conventional pharmacological therapy.RESULTS: Sixty four patients enter the study; four were excluded because of systemic oral steroid therapy. Sixty patients underwent randomization. Both groups (30 patients in each one) were similar in their baseline characteristics. After six months, patients that received sublingual immunotherapy had less exacerbations than those in the control group (61 vs 123, T 2.61, p<0.001, IC 1.8-7.2), better FEV1 as compared with baseline values (25% vs 9%, Z=0.66, p=0.03), and less need of albuterol (50% of initial dose, vs 21% (Z=1.4, p=0.03, IC 1.39-1.49).CONCLUSION: Sublingual immunotherapy improves patient symptoms and pulmonary functional tests, makes exacerbations less frequent, and reduces albuterol needs. It may improve asthma related quality of life.
|
['Administration, Sublingual', 'Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Allergens', 'Asthma', 'Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Immunotherapy', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Single-Blind Method']
| 16,568,708
|
[['E02.319.267.100.878'], ['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['D23.050.063'], ['C08.127.108', 'C08.381.495.108', 'C08.674.095', 'C20.543.480.680.095'], ['B01.050.500.131.166.132.419.600.215'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.095.465.425'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.370.850', 'N05.715.360.325.730', 'N06.850.520.445.850']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Fetal diagnosis of an "extra cardiac chamber".
|
Congenital right ventricular aneurysms and diverticula are rare congenital anomalies and prenatal detection is uncommon. Distinguishing between these two anomalies by imaging alone is difficult. Recently, we were asked to review a 21-week ultrasound that detected an "extra cardiac chamber." This represents the first report of an isolated out-pouching of the right ventricular free wall to be detected by prenatal screening ultrasound. Based on preoperative imaging, this out-pouching was diagnosed as a ventricular aneurysm, but intraoperative findings suggested it was a diverticulum. This case will review the differences between ventricular aneurysms and diverticula and illustrate the use and limitations of various imaging modalities used in their evaluation, both prenatally and postnatally. A plan of management is suggested.
|
['Dilatation, Pathologic', 'Diverticulum', 'Female', 'Heart Defects, Congenital', 'Heart Diseases', 'Heart Ventricles', 'Humans', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Ultrasonography, Prenatal']
| 17,912,484
|
[['C23.300.325'], ['C06.405.205.282.750', 'C23.300.415'], ['C14.240.400', 'C14.280.400', 'C16.131.240.400'], ['C14.280'], ['A07.541.560'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['E01.370.350.850.865', 'E01.370.378.630.865']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Concealed pheochromocytoma presenting as recurrent acute coronary syndrome with STEMI : case report of a patient with hyperthyroidism.
|
Pheochromocytomas are rare, primarily benign tumors of chromaffin cells that secrete catecholamines. Although they are curable when diagnosed early, they can be fatal if undiagnosed or mistreated. Pheochromocytoma causing acute myocardial infarction has been reported as presenting with either unstable angina with EKG changes and/or non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI), but there have been no reported cases of pheochromocytoma presenting as acute ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) in the setting of hyperthyroidism. Herein, we report a 44-year-old female patient with underlying pheochromocytoma who presented with multiple episodes of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) including an episode of STEMI in the setting of thyroid storm with no obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD).
|
['Acute Coronary Syndrome', 'Diagnosis, Differential', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hyperthyroidism', 'Myocardial Infarction', 'Pheochromocytoma', 'Recurrence', 'Retroperitoneal Neoplasms', 'Young Adult']
| 23,880,945
|
[['C14.280.647.124', 'C14.907.585.124'], ['E01.171'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C19.874.397'], ['C14.280.647.500', 'C14.907.585.500', 'C23.550.513.355.750', 'C23.550.717.489.750'], ['C04.557.465.625.650.700.725', 'C04.557.580.625.650.700.725'], ['C23.550.291.937'], ['C04.588.033.731'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Orphan nuclear receptor TR3/Nur77 differentially regulates the expression of integrins in angiogenesis.
|
Pathological angiogenesis is a hallmark of many diseases. Previously, we reported that orphan nuclear receptor TR3/Nur77 (human homolog, Nur77, mouse homolog) is a critical mediator of angiogenesis to regulate tumor growth and skin wound healing via down-regulating the expression of the junctional proteins and integrin â4. However, the molecular mechanism, by which TR3/Nur77 regulated angiogenesis, was still not completely understood. In this report by analyzing the integrin expression profile in endothelial cells, we found that the TR3/Nur77 expression highly increased the expression of integrins á1 and â5, decreased the expression of integrins á2 and â3, but had some or no effect on the expression of integrins áv, á3, á4, á5, á6, â1 and â7. In the angiogenic responses mediated by TR3/Nur77, integrin á1 regulated endothelial cell proliferation and adhesion, but not migration. Integrin â5 shRNA inhibited cell migration, but increased proliferation and adhesion. Integrin á2 regulated all of the endothelial cell proliferation, migration and adhesion. However, integrin â3 did not play any role in endothelial cell proliferation, migration and adhesion. TR3/Nur77 regulated the transcription of integrins á1, á2, â3 and â5, via various amino acid fragments within its transactivation domain and DNA binding domain. Furthermore, TR3/Nur77 regulated the integrin á1 promoter activity by directly interacting with a novel DNA element within the integrin á1 promoter. These studies furthered our understanding of the molecular mechanism by which TR3/Nur77 regulated angiogenesis, and supported our previous finding that TR3/Nur77 was an excellent therapeutic target for pathological angiogenesis. Therefore, targeting TR3/Nur77 inhibits several signaling pathways that are activated by various angiogenic factors.
|
['Angiogenesis Inducing Agents', 'Binding Sites', 'Cell Adhesion', 'Cell Movement', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Endothelial Cells', 'Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells', 'Humans', 'Integrins', 'Microvessels', 'Neovascularization, Physiologic', 'Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 1', 'Promoter Regions, Genetic', 'Signal Transduction', 'Skin', 'Transcription, Genetic', 'Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A']
| 30,391,133
|
[['D27.505.696.377.077.077'], ['G02.111.570.120'], ['G04.022'], ['G04.198', 'G07.568.500.180'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['A11.251'], ['A11.436.275'], ['A11.436.275.682'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.408'], ['A07.015.461'], ['G09.330.630'], ['D12.776.260.643.400', 'D12.776.826.209.400'], ['G02.111.570.080.689.675', 'G05.360.080.689.675', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.750.680'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['A17.815'], ['G02.111.873', 'G05.297.700'], ['D12.644.276.100.800.200', 'D12.776.467.100.800.200', 'D23.529.100.800.200']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Hirsutenone inhibits phorbol ester-induced upregulation of COX-2 and MMP-9 in cultured human mammary epithelial cells: NF-kappaB as a potential molecular target.
|
Inappropriate upregulation of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of various types of cancer. In the present study, we investigated the effects of hirsutenone, a diarylheptanoid isolated from the medicinal plant Alnus hirsuta var. sibirica, on the expression of COX-2 and MMP-9 induced by the tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) in MCF10A human breast epithelial cells. Treatment of MCF10A cells with TPA led to the expression of COX-2 and MMP-9. Hirsutenone at 12 microM inhibited the TPA-induced COX-2 expression at both the transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels. Hirsutenone also suppressed the synthesis of prostaglandin E(2), one of the major products of COX-2, and its catalytic activity. The upregulation of MMP-9 by TPA was also significantly reduced by hirsutenone. Likewise, hirsutenone attenuated the invasiveness and motility of MCF10A cells stimulated with TPA. Hirsutenone blocked the TPA-induced DNA binding of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) and translocation of p65, the functionally active NF-kappaB subunit, to the nucleus. The luciferase reporter gene assay revealed that hirsutenone abrogated the transcriptional activity of NF-kappaB. Treatment of MCF10A cells with N-alpha-Tosyl-l-phenylalanine chloromethyl ketone, a specific inhibitor of NF-kappaB, reduced the TPA-induced expression of COX-2 and MMP-9. In summary, hirsutenone inhibits the TPA-induced upregulation of COX-2 and MMP-9 in human breast epithelial cells, possibly by targeting NF-kappaB, which may contribute to its chemopreventive effects.
|
['Active Transport, Cell Nucleus', 'Catechols', 'Cell Line', 'Cell Movement', 'Cyclooxygenase 2', 'Diarylheptanoids', 'Dinoprostone', 'Epithelial Cells', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic', 'Genes, Reporter', 'Humans', 'Mammary Glands, Human', 'Matrix Metalloproteinase 9', 'Membrane Proteins', 'Molecular Structure', 'NF-kappa B', 'Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate', 'Transcription, Genetic', 'Up-Regulation']
| 16,380,122
|
[['G03.143.310.100', 'G03.143.700.100'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.657.166'], ['A11.251.210'], ['G04.198', 'G07.568.500.180'], ['D08.811.600.720.750'], ['D02.455.326.146.485.222', 'D02.455.426.559.694'], ['D10.251.355.255.550.250.200', 'D23.469.050.175.725.250.200'], ['A11.436'], ['G05.308.320'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.435'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A01.236.249', 'A10.336.532'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.480.205.360', 'D08.811.277.656.300.480.252.445', 'D08.811.277.656.300.480.525.700.350', 'D08.811.277.656.675.374.205.360', 'D08.811.277.656.675.374.252.445', 'D08.811.277.656.675.374.525.700.350', 'D12.644.276.848.350', 'D12.776.467.836.350'], ['D12.776.543'], ['G02.111.570', 'G02.466'], ['D05.500.672', 'D12.776.260.600', 'D12.776.660.600', 'D12.776.930.600'], ['D02.455.849.291.500.510.850'], ['G02.111.873', 'G05.297.700'], ['G02.111.905', 'G05.308.850', 'G07.690.773.998']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Measuring Rural Food Environments for Local Action in Australia: A Systematic Critical Synthesis Review.
|
Poor diet is a significant contributor to obesity and chronic disease. With all being more prevalent in rural than urban Australia, modifying the food environment is a potential intervention point to improve the health of rural populations. This review examined the applicability of measurement tools used in rural food environment research for rural Australia. Six electronic databases were searched for peer-reviewed literature, published in English between 2006 and 2018, including at least one objective measure of the Community or Consumer Food Environment in a rural or mixed rural/urban context. One-hundred and seventy-seven papers were returned after removal of duplicates, with a final review of 25. Most studies were cross-sectional, with one intervention study of quasi-experimental design. Nine studies employed a conceptual model; there was considerable variability in tools used; and few described psychometric testing. The most common attribute measured was price, followed by available healthy options. The findings of this review do not offer a suite of 'gold standard' measurement tools known to be reliable, valid and sensitive to change to assess the community or consumer food environments in rural Australian towns. However, recommendations are proposed to progress this important area of research within a rural context.
|
['Australia', 'Commerce', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Environment', 'Food', 'Humans', 'Obesity', 'Rural Population']
| 31,284,678
|
[['Z01.639.100', 'Z01.678.100.373'], ['J01.219'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['G16.500.275', 'N06.230'], ['G07.203.300', 'J02.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C18.654.726.500', 'C23.888.144.699.500', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120.699.500', 'G07.100.100.160.120.699.500'], ['N01.600.725']]
|
['Geographicals [Z]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Primary papillary carcinoma of the prostate: report of a histopathologic, cytologic and electron microscopic study on one case.
|
An unusual type of prostatic carcinoma is described. Histopathologic examination showed a papillary and acinar appearance. Aspiration cytology showed papillary fragments and sheets of malignant cells. The ultrastructural features of this tumor were similar to those reported for prostatic carcinoma rather than endometrial carcinoma supporting a prostatic orgin for this tumor.
|
['Aged', 'Biopsy, Needle', 'Carcinoma, Papillary', 'Cell Nucleus', 'Desmosomes', 'Endoplasmic Reticulum', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Microscopy, Electron', 'Microvilli', 'Mitochondria', 'Organoids', 'Prostate', 'Prostatic Neoplasms', 'Vacuoles']
| 269,605
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['E01.370.225.500.384.100.119', 'E01.370.225.998.054.119', 'E01.370.388.100.100', 'E04.074.119', 'E04.665.100', 'E05.200.500.384.100.119', 'E05.200.998.054.119', 'E05.242.384.100.119'], ['C04.557.470.200.360', 'C04.557.470.700.360'], ['A11.284.430.106', 'A11.284.430.214.190.875.117'], ['A11.284.149.165.420.297'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.248'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.515.402', 'E05.595.402'], ['A11.284.180.565'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.564', 'A11.284.835.626'], ['A10.802'], ['A05.360.444.575', 'A10.336.707'], ['C04.588.945.440.770', 'C12.294.260.750', 'C12.294.565.625', 'C12.758.409.750'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.190.920']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
[Cellular immune reactivity in patients with multiple myeloma].
|
The ConA-, PHA- and PWM-induced lymphocyte transformation rates were significantly decreased in 19 patients with multiple myeloma. Lymphocyte-inherent defects rather than serum factors seem to account for this decreased lymphocyte reactivity. In 58% of the patients a pathologically increased ConA-induced suppressor cell activity, which was negatively correlated with the non-paraprotein IgM-concentration, was found.
|
['Humans', 'Immunity, Cellular', 'Immunoglobulin M', 'Lymphocyte Activation', 'Multiple Myeloma', 'T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory']
| 158,933
|
[['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G12.450.050.400'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.619.574', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.619.574', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.619.574'], ['E01.370.225.812.482', 'E05.200.812.482', 'E05.478.594.530', 'G12.450.050.400.545', 'G12.565'], ['C04.557.595.500', 'C14.907.454.460', 'C15.378.147.780.650', 'C15.378.463.515.460', 'C20.683.515.845', 'C20.683.780.650'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.550.500.700', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.200.700', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.500.700', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.550.500.700', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.200.700', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.500.700', 'A15.382.490.555.567.550.500.700', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.200.700', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.500.700']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
GLUT9 is differentially expressed and targeted in the preimplantation embryo.
|
During preimplantation development in the mouse, it is crucial that glucose metabolism not be compromised. Any decrease in glucose uptake at this stage in development can compromise the developing embryo. We have cloned another member of the glucose transporter family, GLUT9, which is expressed embryonically. Three different isoforms were identified. We have shown that two of the mouse GLUT9 isoforms transport glucose at a rate significantly greater than controls. Expression analysis of the preimplantation blastocyst identifies only the presence of the shorter GLUT9 isoform, RT-PCR and Western immunoblot confirmed this finding. A differential pattern of expression was seen with GLUT9 present at the plasma membrane in one- and two-cell zygotes and in an intracellular compartment in trophectoderm cells at a blastocyst stage. Although blocking GLUT9 expression during preimplantation development had no effect on glucose transport or apoptosis, transfer of these embryos into pseudopregnant mice resulted in increased pregnancy loss, suggesting that GLUT9 is critical for early preimplantation development.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Animals', 'Blastocyst', 'Cloning, Molecular', 'Female', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental', 'Glucose', 'Glucose Transport Proteins, Facilitative', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred Strains', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Monosaccharide Transport Proteins']
| 14,657,010
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['B01.050'], ['A16.254.500'], ['E05.393.220'], ['G05.308.310'], ['D09.947.875.359.448'], ['D12.776.157.530.500.500', 'D12.776.157.530.937.563', 'D12.776.543.585.500.500', 'D12.776.543.585.937.625'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['D12.776.157.530.500', 'D12.776.543.585.500']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Issues associated with the emergence of coeliac disease in the Asia–Pacific region: a working party report of the World Gastroenterology Organization and the Asian Pacific Association of Gastroenterology.
|
BACKGROUND AND AIM: Once thought to be uncommon in Asia, coeliac disease (CD) is now being increasingly recognized in Asia–Pacific region. In many Asian nations, CD is still considered to be either nonexistent or very rare. In recognition of such heterogeneity of knowledge and awareness, the World Gastroenterology Organization and the Asian Pacific Association of Gastroenterology commissioned a working party to address the key issues in emergence of CD in Asia.METHODS: A working group consisting of members from Asia–Pacific region, Europe, North America, and South America reviewed relevant existing literature with focus on those issues specific to Asia–Pacific region both in terms of what exists and what needs to be done.RESULTS: The working group identified the gaps in epidemiology, diagnosis, and management of CD in Asian–Pacific region and recommended the following: to establish prevalence of CD across region, increase in awareness about CD among physicians and patients, and recognition of atypical manifestations of CD. The challenges such as variability in performance of serological tests, lack of population-specific cut-offs values for a positive test, need for expert dietitians for proper counseling and supervision of patients, need for gluten-free infrastructure in food supply and creation of patient advocacy organizations were also emphasized.CONCLUSIONS: Although absolute number of patients with CD at present is not very large, this number is expected to increase over the next few years or decades. It is thus appropriate that medical community across the Asia–Pacific region define extent of problem and get prepared to handle impending epidemic of CD.
|
['Asia', 'Celiac Disease', 'Diet, Gluten-Free', 'Gastroenterology', 'Genetic Testing', 'Humans', 'Prevalence', 'Serologic Tests', 'Societies, Medical']
| 24,783,246
|
[['Z01.252'], ['C06.405.469.637.250', 'C18.452.603.250'], ['E02.642.249.265', 'G07.203.650.240.265'], ['H02.403.429.405'], ['E01.370.225.562', 'E05.200.562', 'E05.393.435', 'N02.421.308.430', 'N02.421.726.233.221'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['E01.370.225.812.735', 'E05.200.812.735', 'E05.478.594.760'], ['N03.540.828.589']]
|
['Geographicals [Z]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Streptomyces fuscichromogenes sp. nov., an actinomycete from soil.
|
A novel actinomycete, designated strain m16T, was isolated from a soil sample collected from the tropical rain forest of Xishuangbanna, a prefecture in Yunnan Province, south-west China, and characterized by using polyphasic taxomomy. Cells were aerobic and Gram-reaction-positive, and spore chains were observed to be of the helical type, with elliptical spores and smooth spore surfaces. The novel strain grew over a temperature range of 15-35 °C, at pH 5.0-11.0 and in the presence of 0-3 % (w/v) NaCl. The DNA G+C content of strain m16T was 70.0 mol%. The main fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0 (29.3 %), iso-C15: 0 (15.4 %) and anteiso-C15:0 (14.6 %), and the predominant menaquinones were MK-9(H6), MK-9(H8) and MK-9(H4). Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain m16T was most closely related to Streptomyces jiujiangensis KCTC 29262T (98.7 %), Streptomyces panaciradicis KACC 17632T (98.7 %), Streptomyces rhizophilus NBRC 108885T (98.5 %), Streptomyces shenzhenensis DSM 42034T (98.4 %), Streptomyces graminisoli JR-19T (98.4 %) and Streptomyces gramineus JR-43T (98.3 %). Phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic analyses indicated that strain m16T represents a novel species within the genus Streptomyces, for which the name Streptomyces fuscichromogenes is proposed. The type strain is m16T (=CGMCC 4.7110T=KCTC 29195T).
|
['Bacterial Typing Techniques', 'Base Composition', 'China', 'DNA, Bacterial', 'Diaminopimelic Acid', 'Fatty Acids', 'Nucleic Acid Hybridization', 'Phylogeny', 'RNA, Ribosomal, 16S', 'Rainforest', 'Sequence Analysis, DNA', 'Soil Microbiology', 'Streptomyces', 'Tropical Climate', 'Vitamin K 2']
| 27,902,221
|
[['E01.370.225.875.150.125', 'E05.200.875.150.125'], ['G02.111.080'], ['Z01.252.474.164'], ['D13.444.308.212'], ['D02.241.081.337.699.250', 'D12.125.095.390'], ['D10.251'], ['E05.393.661', 'G02.111.611'], ['G05.697', 'G16.075.605', 'L01.100.697'], ['D13.444.735.686.670'], ['G16.500.275.157.437.500', 'N06.230.124.343.500'], ['E05.393.760.700'], ['H01.158.273.540.274.555', 'N06.850.425.300'], ['B03.300.390.400.810.768', 'B03.510.024.997.775', 'B03.510.415.400.810.768', 'B03.510.460.410.810.768'], ['G16.500.275.071.600', 'N06.230.300.100.250.600'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.638.721.374.844', 'D02.455.849.291.523.500.844', 'D02.806.550.750', 'D04.615.638.721.374.844']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Symptomatic type II protein C deficiency caused by a missense mutation (Gly 381-->Ser) in the substrate-binding pocket.
|
A patient with recurrent deep vein thrombosis and heterozygous type II deficiency, characterized by reduced protein C activity in both amidolytic and clotting functional assays, was investigated by direct sequencing of PCR fragments derived from the coding portion of the protein C gene. AG (8856) to A transition was noted in the patient which was not present in healthy controls. This mutation is predicted to cause the substitution of Ser for Gly 381, an evolutionari'y conserved residue in the substrate binding pocket of serine-proteases (Gly 216, chymotrypsin numbering). A computer model of the structure of the serine-protease domain indicates that the properties of the altered protein C molecule can be explained on the basis of steric hindrance between the substituted serine and the substrate arginine side chains.
|
['Adult', 'Base Sequence', 'Chromosome Mapping', 'Computer Simulation', 'Female', 'Femoral Vein', 'Humans', 'Models, Genetic', 'Models, Molecular', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Mutation', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Pregnancy', 'Pregnancy Complications, Cardiovascular', 'Protein C', 'Protein C Deficiency', 'Thrombosis']
| 8,398,832
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['E05.393.183'], ['L01.224.160'], ['A07.015.908.314'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.599.395.397'], ['E05.599.595'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G05.365.590'], ['E05.393.620.500'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['C13.703.634', 'C14.583'], ['D08.622.705', 'D12.776.124.650', 'D12.776.395.635', 'D12.776.811.243.705', 'D23.113.700'], ['C15.378.100.100.690', 'C15.378.147.880', 'C15.378.925.795', 'C16.320.099.690'], ['C14.907.355.830']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Establishment and maintenance of long-term murine gammaherpesvirus 68 latency in B cells in the absence of CD40.
|
Murine gammaherpesvirus 68 (gammaHV68), like Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), establishes a chronic infection in its host by gaining access to the memory B-cell reservoir, where it persists undetected by the host's immune system. EBV encodes a membrane protein, LMP1, that appears to function as a constitutively active CD40 receptor, and is hypothesized to play a central role in EBV-driven differentiation of infected naive B cells to a memory B-cell phenotype. However, it has recently been shown that there is a critical role for CD40-CD40L interaction in B-cell immortalization by EBV (K.-I. Imadome, M. Shirakata, N. Shimizu, S. Nonoyama, and Y. Yamanashi, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 100:7836-7840, 2003), indicating that LMP1 does not adequately recapitulate all of the necessary functions of CD40. The role of CD40 receptor expression on B cells for the establishment and maintenance of gammaHV68 latency is unclear. Data previously obtained with a competition model, demonstrated that in the face of CD40-sufficient B cells, gammaHV68 latency in CD40-deficient B cells waned over time in chimeric mice (I.-J. Kim, E. Flano, D. L. Woodland, F. E. Lund, T. D. Randall, and M. A. Blackman, J. Immunol. 171:886-892, 2003). To further investigate the role of CD40 in gammaHV68 latency in vivo, we have characterized the infection of CD40 knockout (CD40(-/-)) mice. Here we report that, consistent with previous observations, gammaHV68 efficiently established a latent infection in B cells of CD40(-/-) mice. Notably, unlike the infection of normal C57BL/6 mice, significant ex vivo reactivation from splenocytes harvested from infected CD40(-/-) mice 42 days postinfection was observed. In addition, in contrast to gammaHV68 infection of C57BL/6 mice, the frequency of infected naive B cells remained fairly stable over a 3-month period postinfection. Furthermore, a slightly higher frequency of gammaHV68 infection was observed in immunoglobulin D (IgD)-negative B cells, which was stably maintained over a period of 3 months postinfection. The presence of virus in IgD-negative B cells indicates that gammaHV68 may either directly infect memory B cells present in CD40(-/-) mice or be capable of driving differentiation of naive CD40(-/-) B cells. A possible explanation for the apparent discrepancy between the failure of gammaHV68 latency to be maintained in CD40-deficient B cells in the presence of CD40-sufficient B cells and the stable maintenance of gammaHV68 B-cell latency in CD40(-/-) mice came from examining virus replication in the lungs of infected CD40(-/-) mice, where we observed significantly higher levels of virus replication at late times postinfection compared to those in infected C57BL/6 mice. Taken together, these findings are consistent with a model in which chronic virus infection of CD40(-/-) mice is maintained through virus reactivation in the lungs and reseeding of latency reservoirs.
|
['Animals', 'B-Lymphocytes', 'CD40 Antigens', 'Chronic Disease', 'Herpesviridae Infections', 'Lung', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Mice, Knockout', 'Rhadinovirus', 'Spleen', 'Tumor Virus Infections', 'Virus Activation', 'Virus Replication']
| 15,709,008
|
[['B01.050'], ['A11.063.438', 'A11.118.637.555.567.562', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.562', 'A15.382.032.438', 'A15.382.490.555.567.562'], ['D12.776.465.750', 'D12.776.543.750.705.852.760.097', 'D23.050.301.264.051.140', 'D23.101.100.150.140'], ['C23.550.291.500'], ['C01.925.256.466'], ['A04.411'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['B01.050.050.136.500.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.455', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800.500'], ['B04.280.210.400.700', 'B04.280.382.400.700', 'B04.613.204.500.700'], ['A10.549.700', 'A15.382.520.604.700'], ['C01.925.928'], ['G06.920.925.940'], ['G06.920.925']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Nutrient enrichment caused by in situ fish farms at Eilat, Red Sea is detrimental to coral reproduction.
|
Recent studies report conflicting results concerning the effects of eutrophication on coral reproduction. The present study examines reproductive effort in the brooding coral Stylophora pistillata exposed to chronic eutrophication caused by in situ fish cages (FC) in the northern Gulf of Eilat (Aqaba). Histological studies of 20 S. pistillata colonies transplanted to each of two study sites, one close to the nutrient enriched FC site and the other at a reference site (IUI), 8 km southwest of the FC site, show that, overall, corals from the FC site have a significantly higher percentage of polyps containing oocytes and testes than corals from the IUI site. However, average oocyte size and the percentage of oocytes reaching the size at which fertilization occurs (i.e., >200 microm) were both significantly greater in colonies at the IUI site compared to the FC site. As the reproductive season progressed, colonies at the IUI site exhibited a decrease in the percentage of polyps containing oocytes, concomitant with an increase in the number of polyps containing planulae, indicating successful development of oocytes into planulae. In contrast, in colonies at the FC site oocyte numbers were greatest at the end of the reproductive season, and overall, numbers of planulae were significantly lower compared with the IUI colonies, suggesting relative failure of oocyte maturation, fertilization and ensuing larval development. The significantly higher lipid content found during the reproduction season in IUI colonies compared with FC colonies corroborates this assertion. This data strongly suggest that nutrients released from the fish farms have adverse effects on successful production of larvae of S. pistillata. In view of the recent severe deterioration of the coral reefs of Eilat and their present critical state of health, the only chance for their renewal is the use of immediate, prudent and rational protection measures against all man-made perturbations.
|
['Animals', 'Anthozoa', 'Aquaculture', 'Conservation of Natural Resources', 'Eutrophication', 'Fishes', 'Gametogenesis', 'Histological Techniques', 'Indian Ocean', 'Larva', 'Lipid Metabolism', 'Nitrogen Compounds', 'Phosphorus Compounds', 'Reproduction']
| 15,341,829
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.500.308.237'], ['J01.040.168'], ['J01.256', 'N06.230.080'], ['G16.500.285'], ['B01.050.150.900.493'], ['G04.152.650', 'G08.686.784.310'], ['E01.370.225.750', 'E05.200.750'], ['Z01.756.342'], ['B05.500.500', 'G07.345.500.550.500.500'], ['G03.458'], ['D01.625'], ['D01.695'], ['G08.686.784']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Plasma lipoproteins during and after danazol treatment.
|
Twelve women with pelvic endometriosis were treated with danazol, at a dose of 200 mg three times daily, over a 24-week period. The concentrations of cholesterol and triglycerides were determined in plasma and in the lipoprotein fractions. After only 2 weeks the mean high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol had already decreased by 49% and 6 weeks later the reduction was 59%. The low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol concentration increased by 14% after 2 weeks and by 34% after 8 weeks. The triglycerides increased by 20% after 2 weeks. Eight weeks after cessation of treatment the lipoprotein fractions had returned to the pretreatment levels.
|
['Danazol', 'Endometriosis', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Lipoproteins, HDL', 'Lipoproteins, LDL', 'Pregnadienes']
| 6,594,004
|
[['D04.210.500.745.432.235'], ['C13.351.500.163'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D10.532.432', 'D12.776.521.479'], ['D10.532.515', 'D12.776.521.550'], ['D04.210.500.745.432']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Correction of vascular hypercontractility in spontaneously hypertensive rats using shRNAs-induced delta protein kinase C gene silencing.
|
Potassium conductance in vascular smooth muscle (VSM) is known to be altered in arterial hypertension. High level of protein kinase C (PKC) activity is a common feature for hypertension of different genesis. The main goal of this study was to investigate the efficacy of the RNA interference (RNAi) technique targeting PKC delta-isoform gene as a possible pharmacological tool to restore vasodilator potential in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Experimental design of the study comprised RNAi and patch-clamp techniques, RT-PCR analysis and standard acetylcholine test. Total outward currents and acetylcholine-induced endothelium-dependent relaxant responses were blunted in SHR. BKCa alpha subunit mRNA expression in SHR was unchanged whereas KV and KATP mRNA expression appeared significantly increased. PKC inhibitor, chelerythrine (100 nM), restored potassium channels activity in SHR. PKC-delta-isoform protein expression and PKC-delta-isoform mRNA expression are 2.5-4 fold increased in VSM from SHR. PKC gene silencing with the short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs)-plasmid delivery system administered intravenously led to an increment in maximal amplitude of acetylcholine-relaxation, restored outward K(+) currents and PKC-delta-isoform mRNA and protein expression. Arterial blood pressure in SHR was normalized following shRNAs administration. We conclude that BKCa channels are likely to be the most PKC-dependent member of K(+) channels family responsible for vascular hypercontractility in SHR while Kv and KATP channels may constitute a reserve mechanism for the maintenance of vasodilator potential under BKCa channelopathy. It is likely that RNAi technique is a good therapeutic approach to inactivate PKC gene and to normalize vascular functions and high arterial blood pressure in SHR.
|
['Acetylcholine', 'Animals', 'Genetic Techniques', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Male', 'Protein Kinase C-delta', 'RNA Interference', 'RNA, Small Interfering', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred SHR', 'Vasoconstriction']
| 23,973,649
|
[['D02.092.211.111'], ['B01.050'], ['E05.393'], ['E05.481'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.725.400'], ['G05.308.203.374.790'], ['D13.150.650.700', 'D13.444.735.150.700', 'D13.444.735.790.552.875'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760.300', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400.300'], ['G09.330.380.925']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Profile of 1,300 admissions to Central Neuropsychiatric Hospital Association Collaborative Research Hospitals.
|
A collaborative effort to describe patients at admission led to the development of the Central Data Set, a 32-item profile of demographic and clinical variables which was used to sample 1,302 admissions across 10 hospitals in 1982. Weighted estimates indicated that this group of adult patients admitted to CNPHA-member hospitals were younger than those admitted to other private psychiatric hospitals, almost half had more than one previous psychiatric hospitalization, about one-fourth had made a previous suicide attempt, and two-thirds had engaged in psychotherapy or counseling prior to his admission. Most common diagnoses at admission were major affective disorders (36%), personality disorders (36%), substance abuse (30%), schizophrenic disorders (13%), and depressive neuroses (13%).
|
['Data Collection', 'Hospitals, Psychiatric', 'Humans', 'Medical History Taking', 'Mental Disorders', 'Patient Admission', 'Research', 'Statistics as Topic', 'United States']
| 10,282,441
|
[['E05.318.308', 'L01.399.250', 'N05.715.360.300', 'N06.850.520.308'], ['N02.278.421.556.508'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.510'], ['F03'], ['E02.760.400.600', 'N02.421.585.400.600'], ['H01.770.644'], ['E05.318.740', 'H01.548.832', 'N05.715.360.750', 'N06.850.520.830'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Evolution of telomere maintenance and tumour suppressor mechanisms across mammals.
|
Mammalian species differ dramatically in telomere biology. Species larger than 5-10 kg repress somatic telomerase activity and have shorter telomeres, leading to replicative senescence. It has been proposed that evolution of replicative senescence in large-bodied species is an anti-tumour mechanism counteracting increased risk of cancer due to increased cell numbers. By contrast, small-bodied species express high telomerase activity and have longer telomeres. To counteract cancer risk due to longer lifespan, long-lived small-bodied species evolved additional telomere-independent tumour suppressor mechanisms. Here, we tested the connection between telomere biology and tumorigenesis by analysing the propensity of fibroblasts from 18 rodent species to form tumours. We found a negative correlation between species lifespan and anchorage-independent growth. Small-bodied species required inactivation of Rb and/or p53 and expression of oncogenic H-Ras to form tumours. Large-bodied species displayed a continuum of phenotypes requiring additional genetic 'hits' for malignant transformation. Based on these data we refine the model of the evolution of tumour suppressor mechanisms and telomeres. We propose that two different strategies evolved in small and large species because small-bodied species cannot tolerate small tumours that form prior to activation of the telomere barrier, and must instead use telomere-independent strategies that act earlier, at the hyperplasia stage.This article is part of the theme issue 'Understanding diversity in telomere dynamics'.
|
['Animals', 'Carcinogenesis', 'Cellular Senescence', 'Evolution, Molecular', 'Fibroblasts', 'Genes, Retinoblastoma', 'Genes, p53', 'Genes, ras', 'Humans', 'Mice, Nude', 'Primary Cell Culture', 'Rodentia', 'Skin', 'Telomerase', 'Telomere', 'Telomere Homeostasis', 'Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays']
| 29,335,367
|
[['B01.050'], ['C04.697.098', 'C23.550.727.098'], ['G04.043'], ['G05.045.250', 'G16.075.250'], ['A11.329.228'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.375.249.400', 'G05.360.340.024.340.415.400.400'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.375.249.385', 'G05.360.340.024.340.415.400.385'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.375.500.791.550'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.500'], ['E01.370.225.500.223.500', 'E05.200.500.265.500', 'E05.242.223.500', 'E05.481.500.249.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992'], ['A17.815'], ['D08.811.913.696.445.308.300.750.750', 'D12.776.157.687.613', 'D12.776.157.725.500.921', 'D12.776.660.720.613', 'D12.776.664.962.500.921'], ['A11.284.430.106.279.345.190.160.845', 'G05.360.160.845'], ['G04.144.220.625', 'G04.161.750.500.500', 'G05.113.610', 'G07.345.249.410.750.500.750'], ['E05.337.550.200.900', 'E05.624.850']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
An asymptotic model of particle deposition at an airway bifurcation.
|
Particle transport and deposition associated with flow over a wedge is investigated as a model for particle transport and flow at the carina of an airway bifurcation during inspiration. Using matched asymptotics, a uniformly valid solution is obtained to represent the high Reynolds number flow over a wedge that considers the viscous boundary layer near the wedge and the outer inviscid region and is then used to solve the particle transport equations. Sometimes particle impaction on the wedge is prevented due to the boundary layer. We call this boundary layer shielding (BLS). This effect can be broken down into different types: rejection, trapping and deflection that are described by what happens to the particle's initial negative velocity normal to the wall either changing sign, reaching zero, or remaining negative in the boundary layer region. The deposition efficiency depends on the critical Stokes number but exhibits a weak dependence on Reynolds number. Deposition efficiency for S(c) in the range 0 < S(c) < 0.4 yields the following relationship De ? (1.867S(c)?·⁷⁸-0.016) sin(âð/2) at large Reynolds numbers, where âð is the wedge angle. For a specific deposition efficiency, S(c) decreases as âð increases. The distribution of impacted particles was also computed and revealed that particles primarily impact within one airway diameter of the carina, consistent with computational fluid dynamics approaches. This work provides a new insight that the BLS inherent to the wedge component of the structure is the dominant reason for the particle distribution. This finding is important in linking aerosol deposition to the location of airway disease as well as target sites for therapeutic deposition.
|
['Aerosols', 'Biological Transport, Active', 'Humans', 'Hydrodynamics', 'Mathematical Concepts', 'Models, Biological', 'Particle Size', 'Particulate Matter', 'Respiratory Physiological Phenomena', 'Respiratory System', 'Tissue Distribution']
| 22,378,463
|
[['D20.280.055', 'D26.255.165.055'], ['G03.143.310'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G01.342'], ['G17'], ['E05.599.395'], ['G02.712'], ['D20.633'], ['G09.772'], ['A04'], ['G03.787.917', 'G07.690.725.949']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The reactions of hydropersulfides (RSSH) with myoglobin.
|
Hydropersulfides are reported to be good biological reductants, superior to thiols and akin to selenols. As such, they have been previously shown to reduce metalloproteins such as ferric myoglobin and ferric cytochrome c to their ferrous forms under conditions where little or no reduction from corresponding thiols is observed. Not surprisingly, the reduction of ferric myoglobin to ferrous myoglobin under aerobic conditions results in the generation of oxymyoglobin (dioxygen bound ferrous myoglobin). Previous studies have demonstrated that oxymyoglobin can also act as an oxidant with highly reducing species such as hydroxylamine and ascorbate. Considering the reducing properties of hydropersulfides, it is possible that they can also react with oxymyoglobin similarly to hydroxylamine or ascorbate. Herein, this reaction is examined and indeed hydropersulfides are found to react with oxymyoglobin similarly to other reducing species leading to a fleeting ferric myoglobin which is rapidly reduced to the ferrous form also by hydropersulfide.
|
['Animals', 'Ascorbic Acid', 'Cattle', 'Horses', 'Hydroxylamine', 'Models, Chemical', 'Myoglobin', 'Oxidation-Reduction', 'Oxygen', 'Penicillamine', 'Sulfides']
| 32,360,749
|
[['B01.050'], ['D02.241.081.844.107', 'D02.241.511.902.107', 'D09.811.100'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.984.235.472'], ['D01.625.062.437'], ['E05.599.495'], ['D12.776.210.500.588', 'D12.776.422.316.940'], ['G02.700', 'G03.295.531'], ['D01.268.185.550', 'D01.362.670'], ['D02.886.030.786', 'D12.125.166.786'], ['D01.248.497.158.874', 'D01.875.350.850', 'D02.886.520']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Functional interaction between KChIP1 and GFP-fused Kv4.3L co-expressed in HEK293 cells.
|
The trafficking and electrophysiological characteristics of Kv4 subfamily are regulated by K+-channel-interacting proteins (KChIPs), which bind to the N-terminus of Kv4. We examined in HEK293 expression system whether the fusion of a green fluorescence protein (GFP) with Kv4.3L at the N-terminus would affect the functional interaction of KChIP1 with Kv4.3L. GFP-fused Kv4.3L showed A-type K+ current (I(A)) with significantly slower recovery from inactivation (tau=218 and 496 ms) and much lower density than those of original Kv4.3L expressed in HEK293 cells. The co-expression of KChIP1 with Kv4.3L strikingly increased the density of I(A) and hastened the recovery from inactivation (tau=133 ms). Surprisingly, co-expression of KChIP1 with GFP-fused Kv4.3L markedly enhanced the current density and hastened the recovery (tau=135 ms), just as the co-expression of KChIP1 with Kv4.3L did. In conclusion, the fusion of GFP to the N-terminus of Kv4.3L per se changed the channel kinetics but did not affect the functional interaction of KChIP1 with Kv4.3L at all. The trafficking of Kv4.3L by KChIP1 to the cell membrane was visualized with GFP fusion to the N-terminus without any significant modification of changes in channel kinetics and density.
|
['Calcium Signaling', 'Calcium-Binding Proteins', 'Cell Line', 'DNA, Complementary', 'Electrophysiology', 'Green Fluorescent Proteins', 'Humans', 'Image Processing, Computer-Assisted', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Indicators and Reagents', 'Kv Channel-Interacting Proteins', 'Luminescent Proteins', 'Microscopy, Confocal', 'Patch-Clamp Techniques', 'Potassium Channels', 'Potassium Channels, Voltage-Gated', 'Shal Potassium Channels', 'Transfection']
| 11,976,919
|
[['G02.111.820.800.100', 'G03.143.500.100', 'G04.835.800.100'], ['D12.776.157.125'], ['A11.251.210'], ['D13.444.308.497.220', 'D13.444.600.223.500', 'D27.720.470.530.600.223.260'], ['H01.158.344.528', 'H01.158.782.236'], ['D12.776.532.265'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.224.308'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['D27.720.470.410'], ['D12.644.360.372.500.374', 'D12.776.157.125.412.500.374', 'D12.776.476.387.500.374', 'D12.776.631.645.374'], ['D12.776.532'], ['E01.370.350.515.395', 'E05.595.395'], ['E05.200.500.905', 'E05.242.800'], ['D12.776.157.530.400.600', 'D12.776.543.550.450.750', 'D12.776.543.585.400.750'], ['D12.776.157.530.400.600.900', 'D12.776.543.550.450.750.900', 'D12.776.543.585.400.750.900'], ['D12.776.157.530.400.600.900.500.625', 'D12.776.543.550.450.750.900.500.625', 'D12.776.543.585.400.750.900.624.625'], ['E05.393.350.810', 'G05.728.860']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Detection of mRNA in cultured cells transfected with recombinant DNA by in situ hybridization.
|
Expression of mRNA in monolayer cells transfected with a series of recombinant DNA was demonstrated by in situ hybridization with biotin- or 32P-labelled probes. Neomycin resistant mRNA stably expressed in pSV2neo transformed cells was positively stained in the cytoplasm of the cells by in situ hybridization with a biotinylated probe. A molecularly cloned provirus genome of a retrovirus produced in a human lymphoblastoid cell line was first introduced in canine fetal thymus cells, a host cell for the virus, and then the transient expressions of viral antigen and RNA were detected in several percent of the transfected cells by immunoperoxidase staining and in situ hybridization with biotin- or 32P-labelled probe. These results indicate that in situ hybridization is an useful method for detecting the expression of the gene introduced into mammalian cells.
|
['Animals', 'Cell Line', 'DNA, Recombinant', 'Dogs', 'Nucleic Acid Hybridization', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Transfection']
| 2,073,684
|
[['B01.050'], ['A11.251.210'], ['D13.444.308.460'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.250.216.200'], ['E05.393.661', 'G02.111.611'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['E05.393.350.810', 'G05.728.860']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
3-D Imaging Reveals Participation of Donor Islet Schwann Cells and Pericytes in Islet Transplantation and Graft Neurovascular Regeneration.
|
The primary cells that participate in islet transplantation are the endocrine cells. However, in the islet microenvironment, the endocrine cells are closely associated with the neurovascular tissues consisting of the Schwann cells and pericytes, which form sheaths/barriers at the islet exterior and interior borders. The two cell types have shown their plasticity in islet injury, but their roles in transplantation remain unclear. In this research, we applied 3-dimensional neurovascular histology with cell tracing to reveal the participation of Schwann cells and pericytes in mouse islet transplantation. Longitudinal studies of the grafts under the kidney capsule identify that the donor Schwann cells and pericytes re-associate with the engrafted islets at the peri-graft and perivascular domains, respectively, indicating their adaptability in transplantation. Based on the morphological proximity and cellular reactivity, we propose that the new islet microenvironment should include the peri-graft Schwann cell sheath and perivascular pericytes as an integral part of the new tissue.
|
['Animals', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Cellular Microenvironment', 'Endothelial Cells', 'Graft Survival', 'Imaging, Three-Dimensional', 'Islets of Langerhans', 'Islets of Langerhans Transplantation', 'Kidney', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Neovascularization, Physiologic', 'Neurilemma', 'Neurogenesis', 'Pericytes', 'Regeneration', 'Schwann Cells']
| 26,137,552
|
[['B01.050'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['G04.366'], ['A11.436.275'], ['G12.875.545.340'], ['E01.370.350.400', 'L01.224.308.410'], ['A03.734.414', 'A06.300.414'], ['E02.095.147.500.250', 'E04.270.550', 'E04.936.225.375'], ['A05.810.453'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['G09.330.630'], ['A08.637.800.500.550', 'A08.675.542.512.560.550', 'A08.800.800.690.500.550', 'A10.755.503.550', 'A11.650.800.500.550', 'A11.671.501.512.560.550'], ['G04.152.912', 'G07.345.500.325.377.687', 'G08.686.784.170.450.500', 'G11.561.620'], ['A07.015.700.750', 'A10.272.491.677', 'A11.710', 'A16.504.660.600'], ['G16.762'], ['A08.637.800', 'A08.800.800.690', 'A11.650.800']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Contributions of a specialty clinic for children and adolescents with Down syndrome.
|
We investigated what added value, if any, a Down syndrome specialty clinic brings to the healthcare needs of children and adolescents with Down syndrome. For this quality improvement study, we performed a retrospective chart review of 105 new patients with Down syndrome, ages 3 and older, seen during the inaugural year of our specialty clinic. We asked how many of our patients were already up-to-date on the healthcare screenings recommended for people with Down syndrome. We further analyzed what tests we ordered, which referrals we suggested, and, ultimately, what new diagnoses of co-occurring medical conditions were made. Only 9.8% of our patients were current on all of the recommended Down syndrome healthcare screenings. Parents came to clinic with a variety of concerns, and after laboratory tests, radiologic studies, and subspecialty referrals, we made many new diagnoses of gastrointestinal conditions (e.g., constipation and celiac disease), seasonal allergies, dermatologic conditions (e.g., xerosis), behavioral diagnoses (e.g., autism spectrum disorder and disruptive behavior not otherwise specified), and clarifications of neurologic conditions. A Down syndrome specialty clinic can identify and address many healthcare needs of children and adolescents with Down syndrome beyond that which is provided in primary care settings.
|
['Adolescent', 'Ambulatory Care Facilities', 'Cardiovascular Diseases', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Down Syndrome', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hypothyroidism', 'Male', 'Parents', 'Pneumonia', 'Quality Improvement', 'Referral and Consultation', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Skin Diseases', 'Strabismus', 'Young Adult']
| 23,401,090
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['N02.278.035'], ['C14'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['C10.597.606.360.220', 'C16.131.077.327', 'C16.131.260.260', 'C16.320.180.260'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C19.874.482'], ['F01.829.263.500.320', 'I01.880.853.150.500.340', 'M01.620'], ['C01.748.610', 'C08.381.677', 'C08.730.610'], ['J01.293.754', 'N04.761.744'], ['N04.452.758.849'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['C17.800'], ['C10.292.562.887', 'C11.590.810'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Intracranial Response to Anti-Programmed Death 1 Therapy in a Patient with Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer with Leptomeningeal Carcinomatosis.
|
Central nervous system metastasis in non-small cell lung cancer remains a therapeutic challenge and confers a poor prognosis. Here we describe a patient with lung adenocarcinoma, parenchymal brain metastases, and leptomeningeal carcinomatosis who demonstrated a sustained response to programmed death 1 inhibition combined with stereotactic radiosurgery.
|
['Aged', 'Brain Neoplasms', 'Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Lung Neoplasms', 'Meningeal Carcinomatosis', 'Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 30,072,392
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['C04.588.614.250.195', 'C10.228.140.211', 'C10.551.240.250'], ['C04.588.894.797.520.109.220.249', 'C08.381.540.140.500', 'C08.785.520.100.220.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.588.894.797.520', 'C08.381.540', 'C08.785.520'], ['C04.588.614.250.580.150', 'C10.551.240.500.150'], ['D12.776.465.844', 'D12.776.543.750.705.222.875', 'D23.050.301.264.894.790', 'D23.101.100.894.790'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Drosophila quail, a villin-related protein, bundles actin filaments in apoptotic nurse cells.
|
Drosophila Quail protein is required for the completion of fast cytoplasm transport from nurse cells to the oocyte, an event critical for the production of viable oocytes. The abundant network of cytoplasmic filamentous actin, established at the onset of fast transport, is absent in quail mutant egg chambers. Previously, we showed that Quail is a germline-specific protein with sequence homology to villin, a vertebrate actin-regulating protein. In this study, we combined biochemical experiments with observations in egg chambers to define more precisely the function of this protein in the regulation of actin-bundle assembly in nurse cells. We report that recombinant Quail can bind and bundle filamentous actin in vitro in a manner similar to villin at a physiological calcium concentration. In contrast to villin, Quail is unable to sever or cap filamentous actin, or to promote nucleation of new actin filaments at a high calcium concentration. Instead, Quail bundles the filaments regardless of the calcium concentration. In vivo, the assembly of nurse-cell actin bundles is accompanied by extensive perforation of the nurse-cell nuclear envelopes, and both of these phenomena are manifestations of nurse-cell apoptosis. To investigate whether free calcium levels are affected during apoptosis, we loaded egg chambers with the calcium indicator Indo-1. Our observations indicate a rise in free calcium in the nurse-cell cytoplasm coincident with the permeabilization of the nuclear envelopes. We also show that human villin expressed in the Drosophila germline could sense elevated cytoplasmic calcium; in nurse cells with reduced levels of Quail protein, villin interfered with actin-bundle stability. We conclude that Quail efficiently assembles actin filaments into bundles in nurse cells and maintains their stability under fluctuating free calcium levels. We also propose a developmental model for the fast phase of cytoplasm transport incorporating findings presented in this study.
|
['Actin Cytoskeleton', 'Actins', 'Amino Acid Sequence', 'Animals', 'Apoptosis', 'Biological Transport', 'Calcium', 'Carrier Proteins', 'Cloning, Molecular', 'Cytoplasm', 'Drosophila melanogaster', 'Escherichia coli', 'Humans', 'Insect Proteins', 'Microfilament Proteins', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Recombinant Fusion Proteins', 'Sequence Homology, Amino Acid']
| 10,572,041
|
[['A11.284.430.214.190.750.050'], ['D05.750.078.730.250', 'D12.776.210.500.100', 'D12.776.220.525.255'], ['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['B01.050'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['G03.143'], ['D01.268.552.100', 'D01.552.539.288', 'D23.119.100'], ['D12.776.157'], ['E05.393.220'], ['A11.284.430.214'], ['B01.050.500.131.617.720.500.500.750.310.250.500'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.093.500'], ['D05.750.078.730', 'D12.776.220.525'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['D12.776.828.300'], ['G02.111.810.200', 'G05.810.200']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
State boards of nursing and issues of advanced practice.
|
Technological advances in today's health care arena and the evolution of the nursing profession have resulted in many questions about scope-of-practice issues. These questions are of a legal nature and frequently must be addressed by the board of nursing in each state. The results of a survey of all state boards of nursing are discussed along with recommendations for the preparation needed to approach a state board of nursing.
|
['Catheters, Indwelling', 'Humans', 'Legislation, Nursing', 'Licensure, Nursing', 'Professional Practice', 'Specialties, Nursing', 'United States']
| 1,748,910
|
[['E07.132.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N03.706.615.544'], ['N03.706.110.510.490', 'N05.700.200.450.550'], ['N04.452.758'], ['H02.478.676'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Thoracocentesis in cardiac surgery patients.
|
Pleural effusion following cardiac surgery is a common complication that sometimes requires invasive treatment. Conventional methods for evacuation include needle aspiration and chest tube insertion. We present an effective, easy and potentially time-saving method of thoracocentesis, using a single-lumen central venous catheter.
|
['Cardiac Surgical Procedures', 'Central Venous Catheters', 'Humans', 'Paracentesis', 'Pleural Effusion']
| 25,901,010
|
[['E04.100.376', 'E04.928.220'], ['E07.132.750.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.998.329', 'E02.309.805', 'E02.800.550', 'E04.237.667', 'E04.665.600', 'E05.200.998.329'], ['C08.528.652']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Fracture toughness of denture base acrylics.
|
Two types of fracture toughness specimen, the tapered cleavage (TC) and single edge notch (SEN), are compared. Their reproducibility, accuracy, and ease of preparation are investigated. The fracture toughness of four types of acrylic resin, heat cured, autopolymerized, injection molded, and high impact resistant, has been determined by one or both of the above methods. High impact acrylic proved too ductile for either of the specimens to be used to assesss K1c; however, these deviations from brittle behavior were revealed by the tests and some insight into impact resistance was gained. The SEN specimens proved capable of distinguishing between the fracture toughness characteristics of the four types of denture base acrylics and proved easy to fabricate. The TC specimens proved difficult to fabricate requiring specialized equipment; however, once made, the specimens revealed more of the fracture process than did the SEN specimens.
|
['Acrylic Resins', 'Dental Stress Analysis', 'Denture Bases', 'Elasticity', 'Methylmethacrylates', 'Polymers', 'Surface Properties', 'Tensile Strength']
| 7,400,192
|
[['D05.750.716.822.111', 'D25.720.716.822.111', 'J01.637.051.720.716.822.111'], ['E06.308'], ['E06.780.346.760.281', 'E07.695.190.200.200'], ['G01.374.590'], ['D02.241.081.069.800.550', 'D05.750.716.822.111.650.605', 'D25.720.716.822.111.650.605', 'J01.637.051.720.716.822.111.650.605'], ['D05.750', 'D25.720', 'J01.637.051.720'], ['G02.860'], ['G01.374.850']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
á2
|
BACKGROUND: Xylazine is an á2 adrenoceptor agonist that is extensively used in veterinary medicine and animal experimentation procedures to produce analgesia, sedation and muscle relaxation without causing general anesthesia. Considering the lack of knowledge of the mechanisms involved in peripheral antinociception induced by xylazine and the potential interactions between the adrenergic and endocannabinoid systems, the present study investigated the contribution of the latter system in the mechanism of xylazine.METHODS: The rat paw pressure test, in which hyperalgesia was induced by the intraplantar injection of prostaglandin E2, was performed.RESULTS: Xylazine administered via an intraplantar injection (25, 50 and 100 ìg) induced a peripheral antinociceptive effect against prostaglandin E2 (2 ìg)-induced hyperalgesia. This effect was blocked by treatment with the selective CB1 cannabinoid antagonist AM251 (20, 40 and 80 ìg) but not by the selective CB2 cannabinoid antagonist AM630 (100 ìg). The anandamide reuptake inhibitor VDM11 (2.5 ìg) intensified the peripheral antinociceptive effect of a submaximal dose of xylazine (25 ìg), and the inhibitor of endocannabinoid enzymatic hydrolysis, MAFP (0.5 ìg), showed a tendency towards this same effect. In addition, liquid-chromatography mass spectrometric analysis indicated that xylazine (100 ìg) treatment was associated with an increase in anandamide levels in the rat paws treated with PGE2.CONCLUSIONS: The present results provides evidence that the peripheral antinociceptive effect of the á2 adrenoceptor agonist xylazine probably results from anandamide release and subsequent CB1 cannabinoid receptor activation.
|
['Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists', 'Analgesics', 'Animals', 'Arachidonic Acids', 'Chromatography, Liquid', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Endocannabinoids', 'Hyperalgesia', 'Male', 'Mass Spectrometry', 'Polyunsaturated Alkamides', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1', 'Xylazine']
| 32,016,857
|
[['D27.505.519.625.050.100.100.200', 'D27.505.696.577.050.100.100.200'], ['D27.505.696.663.850.014', 'D27.505.954.427.040'], ['B01.050'], ['D10.251.355.255.100', 'D10.251.355.310.166'], ['E05.196.181.400'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['D10.251.265'], ['C10.597.751.791.400', 'C23.888.592.763.770.400'], ['E05.196.566'], ['D02.065.690', 'D02.455.326.271.690', 'D02.455.326.397.675'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.125.100'], ['D02.886.665.985', 'D03.383.855.985']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Utilization of initial chemotherapy for newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia in the United States.
|
The use of chemotherapy in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is associated with survival benefits and alleviation of symptoms related to AML. Prior studies have demonstrated a lower receipt of chemotherapy with increasing age and comorbidities. We hypothesized that socioeconomic and health system factors also determine the use of chemotherapy. We included 61 775 adults with AML diagnosed between 2003 and 2011 from the National Cancer Database, and performed a multivariable logistic regression model to determine the association between receipt of chemotherapy and several factors. A total of 15 608 patients (25.3%) did not receive chemotherapy. In a multivariable analysis, the likelihood of getting chemotherapy declined with increasing age and comorbidities and among patients with therapy-related and intermediate-/high-risk AML. Other factors associated with a lower likelihood of receiving chemotherapy included receipt of care in nonacademic centers, African American race, lower income status, uninsured or Medicare insurance status, and female sex. Compared with the previous studies, our study is novel because it provides data from a large, unselected cohort of patients diagnosed in the United States in recent years, and simultaneously examines the effect of various biological, socioeconomic, and health system factors. The results of our study raise a possibility of leukemia care disparity based on socioeconomic and health system factors. Better understanding of ways such factors may influence receipt of chemotherapy may allow an increase in the use of chemotherapy.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Databases, Factual', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'United States']
| 29,880,697
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['L01.313.500.750.300.188.400', 'L01.470.750.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.557.337.539.275'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
|
C-terminus of progranulin interacts with the beta-propeller region of sortilin to regulate progranulin trafficking.
|
Progranulin haplo-insufficiency is a main cause of frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) with TDP-43 aggregates. Previous studies have shown that sortilin regulates progranulin trafficking and is a main determinant of progranulin level in the brain. In this study, we mapped the binding site between progranulin and sortilin. Progranulin binds to the beta-propeller region of sortilin through its C-terminal tail. The C-terminal progranulin fragment is fully sufficient for sortilin binding and progranulin C-terminal peptide displaces progranulin binding to sortilin. Deletion of the last 3 residues of progranulin (QLL) abolishes its binding to sortilin and also sortilin dependent regulation of progranulin trafficking. Since progranulin haplo-insufficiency results in FTLD, these results may provide important insights into future studies of progranulin trafficking and signaling and progranulin based therapy for FTLD.
|
['Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport', 'Amino Acid Sequence', 'Animals', 'Blotting, Western', 'Cell Line', 'Humans', 'Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins', 'Models, Molecular', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Progranulins', 'Protein Binding', 'Protein Transport', 'Sequence Homology, Amino Acid']
| 21,698,296
|
[['D12.776.543.990.150'], ['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['B01.050'], ['E05.196.401.143', 'E05.301.300.096', 'E05.478.566.320.200', 'E05.601.262', 'E05.601.470.320.200'], ['A11.251.210'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.644.276', 'D12.776.467', 'D23.529'], ['E05.599.595'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['D06.472.699.682', 'D12.644.276.917', 'D12.776.467.917', 'D12.776.811.703', 'D23.529.917'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808'], ['G03.143.700'], ['G02.111.810.200', 'G05.810.200']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Use of the neo-adjuvant exemestane in post-menopausal estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer: a randomized phase II trial (PTEX46) to investigate the optimal duration of preoperative endocrine therapy.
|
PURPOSE: The optimal treatment duration time and the causal relationship between neoadjuvant endocrine therapy and clinical response are not clear. Therefore, we conducted the present study to investigate the potential benefits of neoadjuvant exemestane therapy with the goal of identifying the optimal treatment duration.METHODS: This study was conducted at three hospitals, as a multicenter, randomized phase II trial(UMIN000005668) of pre-operative exemestane treatment in post-menopausal women with untreated primary breast cancer. Fifty-one post-menopausal women with ER-positive and/or PgR-positive invasive breast cancer were randomly assigned to exemestane for 4 months or 6 months. Clinical response, pathological response, and decisions regarding breast-conserving surgery were the main outcome measures.RESULTS: Of the 52 patients that enrolled, 51 patients underwent surgery. Of those, 26 and 25 patients had been treated with exemestane for 4 and 6 months, respectively. Treatments were performed at 3 hospitals in Japan between April 2008 and August 2010. The response rates as assessed by clinical examination were 42.3% and 48.0% for 4 and 6 months of treatment, respectively. Pathological responses (minimal response or better) were observed in 19.2% and 32.0% of patients, and breast-conserving surgery was performed on 50.0% and 48.0% of patients from the 4 and 6 month treatment groups, respectively.CONCLUSION: The results of this study demonstrate that responses were equal to 4 or 6 months of exemestane treatment. Therefore, we propose that the rates of breast-conserving surgery could be maximized by 4 months of treatment. Furthermore, in addition to using exemestane as a preoperative treatment in post-menopausal women with ER-positive breast cancer, we envision administering the drug over the long term under careful clinical supervision.
|
['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Androstadienes', 'Antineoplastic Agents', 'Breast Neoplasms', 'Carcinoma', 'Chemotherapy, Adjuvant', 'Drug Administration Schedule', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Mastectomy, Segmental', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoadjuvant Therapy', 'Postmenopause', 'Receptors, Estrogen', 'Time Factors']
| 23,587,451
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['D04.210.500.054.079.129'], ['D27.505.954.248'], ['C04.588.180', 'C17.800.090.500'], ['C04.557.470.200'], ['E02.186.170', 'E02.319.170'], ['E02.319.283'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E04.466.701'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E02.186.450'], ['G08.686.157.500.625', 'G08.686.841.249.500.625'], ['D12.776.826.750.350', 'D12.776.930.778.350'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Genetic characterization of Toxoplasma gondii from cats in Yunnan Province, Southwestern China.
|
BACKGROUND: Cats are the definitive hosts of Toxoplasma gondii. The distribution of genetic diversity of T. gondii in cats is of importance to understand the transmission of this parasite. The objective of this study was to genetically characterize T. gondii isolates from cats in Yunnan province, southwestern China.METHODS: Genomic DNA was extracted from 5-10 g cat tissue samples (brain, tongue, heart, and liver). Using multilocous polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technology, we determined genetic diversity of T. gondii isolates from cats in Yunnan province.RESULT: In total, 175 stray cats were tested for T. gondii DNA, respectively, 44 (25.14%) of which were found to be positive for the T. gondii B1 gene by PCR amplification. The positive DNA samples were typed at 11 genetic markers, including 10 nuclear markers, namely, SAG1, 5'-3'SAG2, alternative SAG2, SAG3, GRA6, L358, PK1, BTUB, c22-8, c29-2 and an apicoplast locus Apico. Of these, 16 isolates from cats were genotyped with data for more than 9 loci, revealed 5 genotypes in total, of which 11 of 16 samples were identified as ToxoDB#9, two samples may belong to genotye #225, one was Type II, one was ToxoDB#3, and one was ToxoDB#20 (http://toxodb.org/toxo/).CONCLUSIONS: The results of the present study indicated a wide distribution of T. gondii infection in cats in Yunnan province, which may pose significant public health concerns. To our knowledge, the present study is the first report of T. gondii prevalence and genotypes in cats in southwestern China, and the first report of Type II T. gondii from cats in China.
|
['Animals', 'Cat Diseases', 'Cats', 'China', 'DNA, Protozoan', 'Genotype', 'Prevalence', 'Toxoplasma', 'Toxoplasmosis, Animal']
| 24,725,959
|
[['B01.050'], ['C22.180'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.377.750.250.125'], ['Z01.252.474.164'], ['D13.444.308.442'], ['G05.380'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['B01.043.075.189.250.750.800'], ['C01.610.701.688.817', 'C01.610.752.250.800.110', 'C01.610.752.625.817', 'C22.674.710.817']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
RNA recognition by the DNA end-binding Ku heterodimer.
|
Most nucleic acid-binding proteins selectively bind either DNA or RNA, but not both nucleic acids. The Saccharomyces cerevisiae Ku heterodimer is unusual in that it has two very different biologically relevant binding modes: (1) Ku is a sequence-nonspecific double-stranded DNA end-binding protein with prominent roles in nonhomologous end-joining and telomeric capping, and (2) Ku associates with a specific stem-loop of TLC1, the RNA subunit of budding yeast telomerase, and is necessary for proper nuclear localization of this ribonucleoprotein enzyme. TLC1 RNA-binding and dsDNA-binding are mutually exclusive, so they may be mediated by the same site on Ku. Although dsDNA binding by Ku is well studied, much less is known about what features of an RNA hairpin enable specific recognition by Ku. To address this question, we localized the Ku-binding site of the TLC1 hairpin with single-nucleotide resolution using phosphorothioate footprinting, used chemical modification to identify an unpredicted motif within the hairpin secondary structure, and carried out mutagenesis of the stem-loop to ascertain the critical elements within the RNA that permit Ku binding. Finally, we provide evidence that the Ku-binding site is present in additional budding yeast telomerase RNAs and discuss the possibility that RNA binding is a conserved function of the Ku heterodimer.
|
['Base Sequence', 'Binding Sites', 'CME-Carbodiimide', 'Cell Nucleus', 'DNA Footprinting', 'DNA-Binding Proteins', 'Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel', 'Inverted Repeat Sequences', 'Mutation', 'Nucleic Acid Conformation', 'Nucleotide Motifs', 'Phosphorothioate Oligonucleotides', 'Protein Interaction Mapping', 'RNA', 'RNA Cleavage', 'RNA, Fungal', 'RNA-Binding Proteins', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins', 'Sulfuric Acid Esters', 'Telomerase']
| 23,610,127
|
[['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['G02.111.570.120'], ['D02.491.203.340'], ['A11.284.430.106', 'A11.284.430.214.190.875.117'], ['E05.393.300'], ['D12.776.260'], ['E05.196.401.402', 'E05.301.300.319'], ['G02.111.570.080.708.800.325', 'G05.360.080.708.800.325'], ['G05.365.590'], ['G02.111.570.820.486', 'G05.360.580'], ['G02.111.570.080.611', 'G02.111.570.820.486.662', 'G05.360.080.611', 'G05.360.580.662'], ['D13.695.578.424.575'], ['E05.601.690'], ['D13.444.735'], ['G02.111.740', 'G05.755'], ['D13.444.735.500'], ['D12.776.157.725', 'D12.776.664.962'], ['B01.300.107.795.785.800', 'B01.300.930.705.655'], ['D12.776.354.750'], ['D02.886.645.655.850'], ['D08.811.913.696.445.308.300.750.750', 'D12.776.157.687.613', 'D12.776.157.725.500.921', 'D12.776.660.720.613', 'D12.776.664.962.500.921']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Comparative analysis of circulating tumor DNA stability In K3
|
OBJECTIVES: Optimal conditions for blood collection for circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) are still being developed. Although both Streck and EDTA tubes are commonly used, their ability to stabilize ctDNA as a function of time and temperature post-collection has not been thoroughly studied. Additionally, the potential utility of CellSave tubes (commonly used for circulating tumor cell) for ctDNA measurements has not been studied.DESIGN AND METHODS: Blood was collected into Streck, EDTA, and CellSave tubes from ten patients with metastatic breast cancer enrolled in the MI-ONCOSEQ tumor sequencing program at the University of Michigan and kept either on ice or at room temperature until plasma isolation. Plasma was processed after 2, 6, and 48h post-collection. We used droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) to quantify plasma ctDNA and wild-type DNA for six patients who had tumor tissue mutations represented in commercially available ddPCR assays.RESULTS: ctDNA abundance was similar and stable for up to 6h in all tube types, and there was no effect of storage temperature on the yield for Streck and EDTA tubes. After 48h, however, one out of four patients with detectable ctDNA showed a ~50% decline in ctDNA in the EDTA tube, and three out of six patients showed a 2-3-fold increase in wild-type DNA in the EDTA tube.CONCLUSIONS: Streck, EDTA, and CellSave tubes showed similar performance in preserving ctDNA for up to 6h before plasma isolation. Streck and CellSave tubes more consistently stabilized ctDNA and wild-type DNA at 48h than EDTA tubes.
|
['DNA, Neoplasm', 'Edetic Acid', 'Humans', 'Specimen Handling']
| 27,129,799
|
[['D13.444.308.425'], ['D02.092.782.258.368.250', 'D02.241.081.018.253'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.998', 'E05.200.998']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Norcantharidin modulates development of dendritic cells and prolongs skin allograft survival.
|
BACKGROUND: To examine the effects of norcantharidin (NCTD) on development of human myeloid dendritic cells (DCs) in vitro and in skin allograft transplantation in vivo.METHODS: Human CD14(+) monocytes were isolated and triggered differentiation and maturation toward myeloid DCs with and without NCTD. The cell morphology, viability, cell death, expression of surface markers and co-stimulatory molecules, allostimulatory activity, and cytokine production were examined for characterization of DCs. The rejection of mice skin allograft model was used to translate the in vitro effect of cantharidin (CTD) and NCTD on DCs.RESULTS: DCs developed in the presence of NCTD showed decreased viability, cell death with necrosis, and lower expression of CD1a and CD83. DCs triggered in the presence of NCTD possessed a greater allostimulatory activity in naive CD4(+)CD45RA(+) T cells. NCTD modulated DCs through calcineurin phosphatase but not through mammalian target of rapamycin or downstream molecule p70S6 kinase. In vivo, NCTD caused accumulation and co-localization of antigen-presenting cells and regulatory T cells in the interfollicular area of the recipients' spleens. CTD and NCTD prolonged skin allograft survival along with less severe histopathological inflammatory reactions. CTD, but not NCTD, treatment caused elevation of serum alanine aminotransferase and evident mortality of the recipients.CONCLUSION: NCTD modulated the differentiation and maturation of human myeloid DCs and caused deviation of standard DC differentiation toward a tolerogenic phenotype through calcineurin phosphatase inhibition. In vivo, both drugs effectively prolonged skin allograft survival. NCTD was less toxic than CTD, and thus, has potential for development as an immunosuppressant for transplant rejection.
|
['Animals', 'Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic', 'Dendritic Cells', 'Graft Rejection', 'Graft Survival', 'Humans', 'Immunosuppressive Agents', 'Interleukin-10', 'Interleukin-12', 'Lymphocyte Activation', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred BALB C', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Skin Transplantation', 'Transplantation, Homologous']
| 21,876,479
|
[['B01.050'], ['D03.605.084'], ['A11.066.270', 'A11.436.270', 'A15.382.066.270', 'A15.382.670.260'], ['G12.875.545.328'], ['G12.875.545.340'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D27.505.696.477.656'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.510', 'D12.776.467.374.465.510', 'D23.529.374.465.510'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.512', 'D12.776.467.374.465.512', 'D23.529.374.465.512'], ['E01.370.225.812.482', 'E05.200.812.482', 'E05.478.594.530', 'G12.450.050.400.545', 'G12.565'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.338', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.338'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['E02.095.147.725.700', 'E04.680.275.850', 'E04.936.580.700'], ['E04.936.864']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
A software to digital image processing to be used in the voxel phantom development.
|
Anthropomorphic models used in computational dosimetry, also denominated phantoms, are based on digital images recorded from scanning of real people by Computed Tomography (CT) or Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). The voxel phantom construction requests computational processing for transformations of image formats, to compact two-dimensional (2-D) images forming of three-dimensional (3-D) matrices, image sampling and quantization, image enhancement, restoration and segmentation, among others. Hardly the researcher of computational dosimetry will find all these available abilities in single software, and almost always this difficulty presents as a result the decrease of the rhythm of his researches or the use, sometimes inadequate, of alternative tools. The need to integrate the several tasks mentioned above to obtain an image that can be used in an exposure computational model motivated the development of the Digital Image Processing (DIP) software, mainly to solve particular problems in Dissertations and Thesis developed by members of the Grupo de Pesquisa em Dosimetria Num?rica (GDN/CNPq). Because of this particular objective, the software uses the Portuguese idiom in their implementations and interfaces. This paper presents the second version of the DIP, whose main changes are the more formal organization on menus and menu items, and menu for digital image segmentation. Currently, the DIP contains the menus Fundamentos, Visualiza??es, Dom?nio Espacial, Dom?nio de Frequ?ncias, Segmenta??es and Estudos. Each menu contains items and sub-items with functionalities that, usually, request an image as input and produce an image or an attribute in the output. The DIP reads edits and writes binary files containing the 3-D matrix corresponding to a stack of axial images from a given geometry that can be a human body or other volume of interest. It also can read any type of computational image and to make conversions. When the task involves only an output image, this is saved as a JPEG file in the Windows default; when it involves an image stack, the output binary file is denominated SGI (Simula??es Gr?ficas Interativas (Interactive Graphic Simulations), an acronym already used in other publications of the GDN/CNPq.
|
['Algorithms', 'Humans', 'Image Processing, Computer-Assisted', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Models, Anatomic', 'Phantoms, Imaging', 'Software', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed']
| 20,003,807
|
[['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.224.308'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['J01.897.280.500.545.129', 'L01.178.820.090.545.129'], ['E07.671'], ['L01.224.900'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Co-amplification of erbB2, topoisomerase II alpha and retinoic acid receptor alpha genes in breast cancer and allelic loss at topoisomerase I on chromosome 20.
|
The DNA topoisomerase enzymes are targets for the cytotoxic effects of a number of anticancer agents termed topoisomerase inhibitors. We have analysed breast cancer biopsy specimens for genetic alterations at and around topoisomerase loci in order to obtain molecular insight into factors which may determine how tumours respond to chemotherapy. We show that of 50 tumours examined, the topoisomerase II alpha locus is co-amplified in 3 cases out of 6 with erbB2 amplification and that amplification can be accompanied by high expression of topoisomerase II alpha. In our attempts to distinguish amplification from aneuploidy and define the limits of amplification, we also observed co-amplification of the retinoic acid-alpha receptor with erbB2 and topoisomerase II alpha in the same three samples. At the topoisomerase I locus on chromosome 20, we observed allelic loss in two out of 17 samples. Genetics abberations at topoisomerase loci, therefore, appear to be relatively common in breast cancer.
|
['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Alleles', 'Breast Neoplasms', 'Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17', 'DNA Topoisomerases, Type II', 'DNA, Neoplasm', 'ErbB Receptors', 'Female', 'Gene Amplification', 'Humans', 'Middle Aged', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins', 'Receptor, ErbB-2', 'Receptors, Retinoic Acid', 'Tretinoin']
| 8,104,440
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.030'], ['C04.588.180', 'C17.800.090.500'], ['A11.284.187.520.300.415.425', 'G05.360.162.520.300.415.425'], ['D08.811.399.403.741'], ['D13.444.308.425'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.400.009', 'D12.776.543.750.630.009', 'D12.776.543.750.750.400.074'], ['G05.308.250', 'G05.365.590.310', 'G05.558.315'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D12.776.624.664.700'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.400.009.400', 'D12.776.543.750.630.009.400', 'D12.776.543.750.750.400.074.400', 'D12.776.624.664.700.642', 'D23.050.301.500.600.700', 'D23.050.705.552.600.550', 'D23.101.140.642'], ['D12.776.826.701', 'D12.776.930.775'], ['D02.455.326.271.665.202.495.818.500', 'D02.455.426.392.368.367.379.249.700.860.500', 'D02.455.849.131.495.818.800', 'D02.455.849.291.925.500', 'D23.767.261.700.780']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Sequential monitoring of beach litter using webcams.
|
This study attempts to establish a system for the sequential monitoring of beach litter using webcams placed at the Ookushi beach, Goto Islands, Japan, to establish the temporal variability in the quantities of beach litter every 90 min over a one and a half year period. The time series of the quantities of beach litter, computed by counting pixels with a greater lightness than a threshold value in photographs, shows that litter does not increase monotonically on the beach, but fluctuates mainly on a monthly time scale or less. To investigate what factors influence this variability, the time derivative of the quantity of beach litter is compared with satellite-derived wind speeds. It is found that the beach litter quantities vary largely with winds, but there may be other influencing factors.
|
['Air Movements', 'Bathing Beaches', 'Environmental Monitoring', 'Environmental Pollutants', 'Garbage', 'Geography', 'Humans', 'Internet', 'Japan', 'Photography', 'Time Factors', 'Water Movements', 'Wind']
| 20,392,465
|
[['G16.500.175.249', 'G16.500.275.063.725.154', 'N06.230.300.100.150.185'], ['J03.925.080'], ['N06.850.460.350.080', 'N06.850.780.375'], ['D27.888.284'], ['N06.850.860.510.900.600.400'], ['H01.277.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.224.230.110.500'], ['Z01.252.474.463', 'Z01.639.595'], ['E01.370.350.600', 'E05.712'], ['G01.910.857'], ['G16.500.971', 'N06.230.132.644.750', 'N06.230.850'], ['G16.500.175.249.200', 'G16.500.275.063.725.154.200', 'G16.500.750.775.780', 'N06.230.132.644.875', 'N06.230.300.100.150.185.200', 'N06.230.300.100.725.780']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Inhibition of thymidine phosphorylase expression by Hsp90 inhibitor potentiates the cytotoxic effect of salinomycin in human non-small-cell lung cancer cells.
|
Salinomycin is a polyether ionophore antibiotic having anti-tumorigenic property in various types of cancer. Elevated thymidine phosphorylase (TP) levels, a key enzyme in the pyrimidine nucleoside salvage pathway, are associated with an aggressive disease phenotype and poor prognoses. Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) is a ubiquitous molecular chaperone that is responsible for the stabilization and maturation of many oncogenic proteins. In this study, we report whether Hsp90 inhibitor 17-AAG could enhance salinomycin-induced cytotoxicity in NSCLC cells through modulating TP expression in two non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines, A549 and H1975. We found that salinomycin increased TP expression in a MKK3/6-p38 MAPK activation manner. Knockdown of TP using siRNA or inactivation of p38 MAPK by pharmacological inhibitor SB203580 enhanced the cytotoxic and growth inhibition effects of salinomycin. In contrast, enforced expression of MKK6E (a constitutively active form of MKK6) reduced the cytotoxicity and cell growth inhibition of salinomycin. Moreover, Hsp90 inhibitor 17-AAG enhanced cytotoxicity and cell growth inhibition of salinomycin in NSCLC cells, which were associated with down-regulation of TP expression and inactivation of p38 MAPK. Together, the Hsp90 inhibition induced TP down-regulation involved in enhancing the salinomycin-induced cytotoxicity in A549 and H1975 cells.
|
['A549 Cells', 'Antineoplastic Agents', 'Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung', 'Cytotoxins', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Enzyme Inhibitors', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic', 'HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins', 'Humans', 'Lung Neoplasms', 'Pyrans', 'Thymidine Phosphorylase']
| 30,796,972
|
[['A11.251.210.190.080', 'A11.251.860.180.080', 'A11.436.054'], ['D27.505.954.248'], ['C04.588.894.797.520.109.220.249', 'C08.381.540.140.500', 'C08.785.520.100.220.500'], ['D27.888.569.213'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['D27.505.519.389'], ['G05.308.320'], ['D12.776.580.216.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.588.894.797.520', 'C08.381.540', 'C08.785.520'], ['D03.383.663'], ['D08.811.913.400.725.850.500', 'D23.050.301.500.600.925', 'D23.050.705.552.600.850']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Extracellular calcium and human isolated airway muscle: ionophore A23187 induced contraction.
|
In order to investigate the role played by extracellular calcium mobilization in activating human airway contraction, we studied the effects of A23187, a calcium ionophore, in human isolated bronchial spiral strips. In this preparation, ionophore induced a concentration dependent contraction from 10(-7) M to 10(-5) M which resulted from a direct effect on smooth muscle cells and was not a consequence of mediator release. Ionophore-induced contraction was dependent upon an entry of extracellular calcium which did not occur through the verapamil sensitive voltage dependent channel. Maximal ionophore contraction was 97 +/- 11% (n = 5) of the maximal histamine contraction but only 46 +/- 11% (n = 5) of the maximal carbachol contraction. However, when extracellular calcium concentration was doubled to 5 mM before addition of ionophore, the significant difference in amplitude between carbachol and ionophore maximal contraction was abolished. At physiological calcium concentrations addition of carbachol or histamine to the plateau of the ionophore maximal contraction produced a significant increase in the tension. Verapamil blocked the increase in ionophore tension produced only by histamine. These results suggest that (i) calcium mobilization from the extracellular source alone can produce contraction comparable in magnitude to that induced by histamine or carbachol. (ii) Extracellular calcium mobilization through different pathways has a cumulative effect on human airway contraction.
|
['Calcimycin', 'Calcium', 'Carbachol', 'Histamine', 'Humans', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Muscle Contraction', 'Muscle, Smooth', 'Respiratory Physiological Phenomena', 'Respiratory System']
| 3,124,236
|
[['D03.633.100.221.173'], ['D01.268.552.100', 'D01.552.539.288', 'D23.119.100'], ['D02.092.877.883.333.115', 'D02.675.276.232.115'], ['D02.092.211.215.501', 'D02.092.471.440', 'D03.383.129.308.373', 'D23.469.050.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.481'], ['G11.427.494'], ['A02.633.570', 'A10.690.467'], ['G09.772'], ['A04']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Nine-year progression of untreated pulmonary Mycobacterium szulgai infection.
|
A 58-year-old man was seen with complaints of fevers, night sweats, weight loss, and multiple bilateral cavitary lung lesions. Mycobacterium szulgai with nearly identical antibiograms grew from separate sputum specimens 9 years apart. He was treated with a combination of clarithromycin and ethambutol with clinical, microbiologic, and radiographic resolution of disease. This is the longest untreated case of documented Mycobacterium szulgai infection reported, and offers a glimpse of its natural history when left untreated. Despite an infrequent isolation (<0.5% of cases), it is a pathogenic organism which warrants treatment.
|
['Antitubercular Agents', 'Clarithromycin', 'Delayed Diagnosis', 'Disease Progression', 'Drug Therapy, Combination', 'Ethambutol', 'Humans', 'Lung Diseases', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous', 'Nontuberculous Mycobacteria']
| 20,622,732
|
[['D27.505.954.122.085.255'], ['D02.540.576.500.992.100'], ['E01.110', 'E02.760.273', 'N02.421.585.273'], ['C23.550.291.656'], ['E02.319.310'], ['D02.092.782.258.368.265'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C08.381'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C01.150.252.410.040.552.475'], ['B03.510.024.962.500.720', 'B03.510.460.400.410.552.552.720']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Properties of recombinant Staphylococcus haemolyticus cystathionine beta-lyase (metC) and its potential role in the generation of volatile thiols in axillary malodor.
|
Enzymes implicated in cysteine and methionine metabolism such as cystathionine beta-lyase (CBL; EC 4.4.1.8), a pyridoxal-5'-phosphate (PLP)-dependent carbon-sulfur lyase, have been shown to play a central role in the generation of sulfur compounds. This work describes the unprecedented cloning and characterization of the metC-cystathionine beta-lyase from the axillary-isolated strain Staphylococcus haemolyticus AX3, in order to determine its activity and its involvement in amino acid biosynthesis, and in the generation of sulfur compounds in human sweat. The gene contains a cysteine/methionine metabolism enzyme pattern, and also a sequence capable to effect beta-elimination. The recombinant enzyme was shown to cleave cystathionine into homocysteine and to convert methionine into methanethiol at low levels. No odor was generated after incubation of the recombinant enzyme with sterile human axillary secretions; sweat components were found to have an inhibitory effect. These results suggest that the generation of sulfur compounds by Staphylococci and the beta-lyase activity in human sweat are mediated by enzymes other than the metC gene or by the concerted activities of more than one enzyme.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Cystathionine', 'Cysteine', 'Humans', 'Lyases', 'Male', 'Methionine', 'Phylogeny', 'Recombinant Proteins', 'Staphylococcus haemolyticus', 'Substrate Specificity', 'Sulfhydryl Compounds', 'Sweat']
| 19,035,565
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['D02.886.030.175', 'D12.125.095.307', 'D12.125.119.307', 'D12.125.166.175'], ['D02.886.030.230', 'D02.886.489.155', 'D12.125.154.299', 'D12.125.166.230'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D08.811.520'], ['D02.886.030.676', 'D12.125.142.557', 'D12.125.154.549', 'D12.125.166.676'], ['G05.697', 'G16.075.605', 'L01.100.697'], ['D12.776.828'], ['B03.300.390.400.800.750.400', 'B03.353.500.750.750.400', 'B03.510.100.750.750.400', 'B03.510.400.790.750.400'], ['G02.111.835'], ['D02.886.489'], ['A12.200.849']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Identification of VAV2 on 9q34 and its exclusion as the tuberous sclerosis gene TSC1.
|
A novel widely expressed homologue of the VAV oncogene, VAV2 (53% identical residues), has been identified within the critical region for the tuberous sclerosis gene, TSC1, on human chromosome 9q34. By Southern blot analysis, analysis of allele-specific transcription, and direct sequencing of the VAV2 mRNA/cDNA from patient lymphoblastoid cell lines, we demonstrate that both alleles of this gene are expressed in TSC patients and there are no significant mutations. VAV consists of a novel array of signalling domains and is thought to play an important role in signal transduction in haematopoietic tissues where it is exclusively expressed. VAV2 is likely to serve a similar role more generally in mammalian cells, but is not the TSC1 gene.
|
['Alleles', 'Amino Acid Sequence', 'Base Sequence', 'Cell Cycle Proteins', 'Chromosome Mapping', 'Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9', 'DNA Mutational Analysis', 'DNA, Complementary', 'Humans', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Oncogene Proteins', 'Oncogenes', 'Organ Specificity', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-vav', 'Sequence Alignment', 'Sequence Homology, Amino Acid', 'Tuberous Sclerosis']
| 7,762,982
|
[['G05.360.340.024.340.030'], ['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['D12.776.167'], ['E05.393.183'], ['A11.284.187.520.300.325.345', 'G05.360.162.520.300.325.345'], ['E05.393.760.700.300'], ['D13.444.308.497.220', 'D13.444.600.223.500', 'D27.720.470.530.600.223.260'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['D12.776.624.664'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.375.500'], ['G07.650'], ['D12.776.624.664.700'], ['D12.644.360.024.321', 'D12.644.360.325.300.099.750', 'D12.776.157.057.155', 'D12.776.476.024.407', 'D12.776.476.325.300.099.750', 'D12.776.624.664.700.198'], ['E05.393.751'], ['G02.111.810.200', 'G05.810.200'], ['C04.445.810', 'C04.651.800', 'C04.700.700', 'C10.500.507.400.750', 'C10.562.850', 'C10.574.500.865', 'C16.131.666.507.400.750', 'C16.320.400.880', 'C16.320.700.700']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
A morphological and electrophysiological study of nigrotectal pathway in the rat.
|
After horseradish peroxidase injections in the superior colliculus of the rat, labelled cells were found in the pars reticulata of the substantia nigra. Nigrotectal cells are organized in a band beginning in the ventromedial area of the rostral part of pars reticulata, while at caudal levels they occupy a more lateral position, closely packed near the cerebral peduncle. In another series of experiments, the effects of substantia nigra electrical stimulation on collicular unitary activity was studied in anaesthetized rats. Electrical stimulation of the substantia nigra decreased the spontaneous and pharmacologically induced activity of superior colliculus neurons. Inhibition took place with short latencies (1-4 msec). Inhibited cells were localized in deep layers of the superior colliculus. In addition, long latency activation and inhibition were also obtained. It is concluded that nigrotectal pathway is mainly inhibitory in character.
|
['Animals', 'Electric Stimulation', 'Electrophysiology', 'Neural Pathways', 'Rats', 'Substantia Nigra', 'Superior Colliculi']
| 7,244,326
|
[['B01.050'], ['E05.723.402'], ['H01.158.344.528', 'H01.158.782.236'], ['A08.612'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['A08.186.211.132.659.413.656'], ['A08.186.211.132.659.800.816']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
A cope rearrangement in the reaction catalyzed by dimethylallyltryptophan synthase?
|
The enzyme dimethylallyltryptophan synthase catalyzes the "normal" prenylation of Trp at C-4 in the first step of ergot alkaloid biosynthesis. The Lys174Ala mutant is found to produce a hexahydropyrroloindole alkaloid that is "reverse-prenylated" at C-3 as its major product. This is interpreted as evidence in support of a mechanism that involves an initial "reverse-prenylation" at C-3, followed by a Cope rearrangement and rearomatization.
|
['Alkyl and Aryl Transferases', 'Aspergillus fumigatus', 'Indole Alkaloids', 'Mutagenesis, Site-Directed', 'Prenylation']
| 21,766,851
|
[['D08.811.913.225'], ['B01.300.381.081.295'], ['D03.132.436', 'D03.633.100.473.402', 'D03.633.100.496.500.500'], ['E05.393.420.601.575'], ['G02.111.672', 'G03.804']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Endocarditis associated with disseminated group B streptococcal infection.
|
Endocarditis due to group B streptococci occurred in two men associated with meningitis in one and septic arthritis in the other. Therapy with penicillin failed in the first patient necessitating aortic valve replacement. Clindamycin therapy was not curative in the second and the patient responded to a four-week course of vancomycin therapy.
|
['Aged', 'Aortic Valve', 'Endocarditis, Bacterial', 'Heart Valve Prosthesis', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Streptococcal Infections', 'Streptococcus agalactiae', 'Vancomycin']
| 341,708
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['A07.541.510.110'], ['C01.150.252.245', 'C01.190.249', 'C14.260.249', 'C14.280.282.407'], ['E07.695.310'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C01.150.252.410.890'], ['B03.353.750.737.872.100', 'B03.510.400.800.872.100', 'B03.510.550.737.872.100'], ['D09.400.420.925', 'D12.644.233.925']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Doctors' perspectives and practices regarding epilepsy.
|
OBJECTIVE: The main aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge, management practices and attitudes towards people with epilepsy (PWE) by a group of general practitioners (GP) and pediatrician (PD) residents.METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out in three training hospitals, and had been selected 31 GP and 47 PD who agreed with the study. The collection of data was made by self-applied structured questionnaire.RESULTS: Many respondents have positive values about PWE, and recognize prejudice in the population against them. The residents recognize in themselves and in the colleagues lack of knowledge about PWE, and that Medical School do not give enough importance to the study of PWE. The reference of PWE to the neurologist is a common practice among the doctors. Half of them are favorable to the idea of assuming the patients clinical management after an initial clientele appraisal by the neurologist.CONCLUSIONS: The non-neurologist doctors do not feel comfortable in managing PWE due to barriers. Our doctors complain about the undergraduate medical training related to the epilepsy. Although, there is not a clear relationship between the undergraduate medical training, referral practices and satisfaction about the management of PWE. The patients care is influenced not only by knowledge, but also by doctors' attitudes. In this way, there are other barriers, perceived or not, to providing care to PWE by the generalists, and they need to be approached in the medical undergraduate curriculum and medical continuing education.
|
['Attitude of Health Personnel', 'Confidence Intervals', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Epilepsy', 'Female', 'Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice', 'Humans', 'Internship and Residency', 'Male', 'Pediatrics', 'Physicians, Family', "Practice Patterns, Physicians'", 'Surveys and Questionnaires']
| 10,849,618
|
[['F01.100.050', 'N05.300.100'], ['E05.318.740.275', 'N05.715.360.750.220', 'N06.850.520.830.275'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['C10.228.140.490'], ['F01.100.150.500', 'N05.300.150.410'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['I02.358.337.350.500', 'I02.358.399.350.750'], ['H02.403.670'], ['M01.526.485.810.770', 'N02.360.810.770'], ['N04.590.374.577', 'N05.300.625'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Monte Carlo simulation of linac irradiation with dynamic wedges.
|
This study aims to simulate the dose distributions of LINAC with dynamic wedges (DWs) under various field sizes and wedge angles by the BEAMnrc code with DYNJAWS component module. These were compared with those calculated by the treatment planning system (TPS) and the measured data. All percentage depth doses (PDDs) were found to be in good agreement between TPS, Monte Carlo (MC) and measurements made in open fields and fields with DWs. For dose profiles, compared with the MC and the measurements, TPS gives reliable results for large field sizes (>10 ? 10 cm(2)) but results in significant errors in small field sizes (5 ? 5 cm(2)). The entrance surface doses calculated by TPS were found to be significantly overestimated. For depths deeper than 0.5 cm, TPS yields PDDs in agreement with MC simulations.
|
['Humans', 'Monte Carlo Method', 'Particle Accelerators', 'Photons', 'Radiotherapy Dosage', 'Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted', 'Radiotherapy, Intensity-Modulated', 'Software']
| 25,004,937
|
[['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.740.525', 'L01.906.394.422', 'N05.715.360.750.540', 'N06.850.520.830.525'], ['E07.710.680'], ['G01.249.705', 'G01.358.500.505.650.782', 'G01.590.540.782', 'G01.750.250.650.782', 'G01.750.770.578.782'], ['E02.815.639'], ['E02.950.825', 'L01.313.500.750.100.710.600.608'], ['E02.815.635.700.700', 'L01.313.500.750.100.710.600.550.700'], ['L01.224.900']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
SNAP-25 Ser187 does not mediate phorbol ester enhancement of hippocampal synaptic transmission.
|
Phorbol esters, activators of protein kinase C (PKC), have been shown to enhance synaptic transmission. One potential downstream target of PKC in the presynaptic terminal is the soluble N-ethylmaleimide sensitive factor (NSF) attachment protein receptor (SNARE) SNAP-25, which has a PKC phosphorylation site in its C-terminal coil centered at serine 187 (S187/Ser187). We examined the role of S187 in hippocampal synaptic transmission. After proteolytic cleavage of native SNAP-25 by botulinum neurotoxin E (BoNT/E), synaptic transmission was restored in a subset of transfected CA3 pyramidal cells with a toxin-resistant form of SNAP-25 containing unaltered S187 (Swt), S187 mutated to alanine (SA) or S187 mutated to glutamate (SE). We observed that phorbol-12,13-diacetate (PDAc, 10 microM) induced potentiation of neurotransmission to a similar degree for both Swt and SA (2.4-fold and 3.1-fold increase, respectively). Furthermore, basal levels of transmission mediated by SE were reduced relative to that of Swt (failure rates of 72% and 41%, respectively). Together, these data suggest that phosphorylation of SNAP-25 S187 does not mediate the observed enhancement of neurotransmission by phorbol esters at hippocampal synapses.
|
['Animals', 'Hippocampus', 'Membrane Proteins', 'Mice', 'Mutation', 'Nerve Tissue Proteins', 'Phorbol Esters', 'Phosphorylation', 'Serine', 'Synaptic Transmission', 'Synaptosomal-Associated Protein 25', 'Up-Regulation']
| 14,529,723
|
[['B01.050'], ['A08.186.211.180.405', 'A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.345'], ['D12.776.543'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['G05.365.590'], ['D12.776.631'], ['D02.455.849.291.500.510'], ['G02.111.665', 'G02.607.780', 'G03.796'], ['D12.125.154.800'], ['G02.111.820.850', 'G04.835.850', 'G07.265.880', 'G11.561.830'], ['D12.776.543.512.249.500.750.500', 'D12.776.543.512.249.500.875.500', 'D12.776.543.990.775.500.750.500', 'D12.776.543.990.775.500.875.500'], ['G02.111.905', 'G05.308.850', 'G07.690.773.998']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Carbonic anhydrase activity in myelin fractions from rat optic nerves.
|
The carbonic anhydrase activity of myelin fractions isolated from the optic nerves of adult and immature (20-day-old) rats was examined. The specific activity in both total homogenate and myelin fractions was about 2-fold higher in adult than in immature animals and at both ages, the activity in the homogenate was higher than in myelin. After subfractionation by zonal gradient centrifugation, it was shown that carbonic anhydrase activity was greatest in the heaviest myelin particles at both ages. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that a small proportion of the total enzyme activity is localised in myelin.
|
['Aging', 'Animals', 'Carbonic Anhydrases', 'Myelin Sheath', 'Optic Nerve', 'Rats']
| 111,175
|
[]
|
[]
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Fifth toenail clinical response to systemic antifungal therapy is not a marker of successful therapy for other toenails with onychomycosis.
|
BACKGROUND: Onychodystrophy is a major manifestation of onychomycosis. However, nail trauma may also result in onychodystrophy. The fifth toenail, due to its location, suffers repeated friction/pressure trauma from shoes.OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that treatment failure of fifth toenail onychomycosis is not a marker of treatment failure of other toenails with onychomycosis.METHODS: Fifty patients who had fifth toenail deformity (with or without onychomycosis) and onychomycosis of the other toenails were treated with oral terbinafine, 250 mg/day, for 4 months.RESULTS: Forty-three patients completed the study. Before the study, 26/43 (61%) had callus lateral to the fifth toe (suggesting mechanical pressure in that area). Twenty-one/43 (49%) of the fifth toenails had onychomycosis. At the end of the treatment period, only 4/21 (19%) of the fifth toenails (with initial onychomycosis), compared with 12/21 (57%) of the other toenails, were completely cured (CC). Out of the whole group (n=43), the clinical cure rate of the fifth toenail was 4/43 (9%) and for the other toenails, 20/43 (47%) (P<0.05). The mycological cure rates were 11/21 (52%) for the fifth toenail and 25/43 (58%) for the other toenails. Callus lateral to the fifth toe was associated with a poor clinical result (P<0.01).CONCLUSIONS: Clinical improvement of the fifth toenail after systemic antifungal therapy is less favourable and does not correspond with the clinical cure of the other toenails, mostly because of mechanical factors. Therefore, patients should be told to adjust their expectations as to the visual results of their antifungal treatment.
|
['Antifungal Agents', 'Foot Dermatoses', 'Humans', 'Nails', 'Naphthalenes', 'Onychomycosis', 'Pressure', 'Shoes', 'Terbinafine', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 17,062,030
|
[['D27.505.954.122.136'], ['C17.800.321.125'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A17.600'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.638', 'D04.615.638'], ['C01.150.703.302.720.550', 'C01.800.200.720.550', 'C17.800.529.550', 'C17.800.838.208.883.458'], ['G01.374.715'], ['J01.637.215.800'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.638.953', 'D04.615.638.953'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Pulmonary hemodynamics and tissue damage after one lung infusion of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in sheep.
|
The relative roles of hematogenous mediators and direct bacterial toxicity due to phagocytosis by pulmonary intravascular macrophages were determined by selective bacterial infusion into the left pulmonary artery and comparison of right and left lungs at 24 h. Chronically instrumented sheep received 15-min pulmonary arterial infusions of live Pseudomonas aeruginosa (0.35-2.9 x 10(9), n = 6) or saline (n = 5). The saline group demonstrated stable cardiopulmonary function over time. Left lung blood flow, measured by Doppler flow probe, decreased 15 min into the bacterial infusion, with a concomitant sevenfold increase in left lung pulmonary vascular resistance index. The right lung pulmonary vascular resistance index doubled at 1 h, in association with increased plasma thromboxane B2 levels. An increase in cardiac index and decrease in systemic vascular resistance occurred at 12 h. The wet-to-dry weight ratio of the Pseudomonas-infused left lung was increased compared with that of the sham-infused lung. The tissue count of neutrophils in the lungs was doubled in both sides, but neutrophils on the left were more degranulated. The left lung tissue damage was caused by direct bacterial toxicity, including activation of phagocytic cells. Hematogenous mediators induced pulmonary and systemic hemodynamic changes and right lung neutrophil sequestration, but they did not damage the noninfused lung.
|
['Animals', 'Female', 'Hemodynamics', 'Infusions, Intra-Arterial', 'Lung', 'Lung Injury', 'Neutrophils', 'Phagocytosis', 'Pseudomonas aeruginosa', 'Pulmonary Artery', 'Pulmonary Circulation', 'Sheep']
| 1,592,731
|
[['B01.050'], ['G09.330.380'], ['E02.319.267.510.520'], ['A04.411'], ['C08.381.520', 'C26.891.554'], ['A11.118.637.415.583', 'A11.627.340.583', 'A11.733.689', 'A15.145.229.637.415.583', 'A15.382.490.315.583', 'A15.382.680.689'], ['G04.417.350', 'G09.188.665', 'G12.450.564.809', 'G12.688'], ['B03.440.400.425.625.625.100', 'B03.660.250.580.590.050'], ['A07.015.114.715'], ['G09.330.100.770', 'G09.772.593'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.791']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Preparation of monoclonal antibodies to hirudin and hirudin peptides. A method for studying the hirudin--thrombin interaction.
|
A panel of four monoclonal antibodies was obtained against hirudin, a potent and specific inhibitor of thrombin, by immunizing three groups of mice with protein conjugates made of recombinant desulfatohirudin (group I) or two synthetic peptides representing the C-terminal sequences 40-65 (group II) and 52-65 (group III) of hirudin. Only the monoclonal antibody 4049-83-12, obtained from the group I of mice, showed high affinity for hirudin (Kd of 0.6 nM) and in vitro neutralizing properties. The anti-peptide monoclonal antibodies bound hirudin with lower affinity (Kd of 1.5-7 nM) and showed lower neutralizing capacities. An epitope analysis performed by competitive ELISA using various hirudin analogues and by limited proteolysis of the hirudin-antibody complex revealed that the binding domains of all the anti-peptide antibodies were located close to the C-terminus of hirudin, since the bond between Glu-61 and Glu-62 was not cleaved by the V8 staphylococcal protease in the presence of these antibodies. The epitope of the antibody 4049-83-12 was strictly conformation-dependent, it recognized neither S-carboxymethylated hirudin nor any peptides of hirudin. The cleavage of the bond between Glu-43 and Gly-44 by V8 protease, as well as the cleavage of the bond between Lys-47 and Pro-48 by lysyl endopeptidase, was prevented by the binding of the antibody 4049-83-12 to hirudin. The possibility that this epitope overlapped with a region of hirudin involved in the binding to thrombin is discussed.
|
['Animals', 'Antibodies, Monoclonal', 'Antigen-Antibody Complex', 'Binding Sites', 'Binding Sites, Antibody', 'Blood Coagulation Tests', 'Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay', 'Epitopes', 'Hirudins', 'Mice', 'Peptide Fragments', 'Recombinant Proteins', 'Serine Endopeptidases', 'Thrombin']
| 1,690,651
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.257', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.257', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.257', 'D23.050.101'], ['G02.111.570.120'], ['G02.111.570.060.425.079', 'G02.111.570.120.408', 'G12.122.232', 'G12.125'], ['E01.370.225.625.115', 'E05.200.625.115'], ['E05.478.566.350.170', 'E05.478.566.380.360', 'E05.478.583.400.170', 'E05.601.470.350.170', 'E05.601.470.380.360'], ['D23.050.550'], ['D12.644.861.060.875', 'D12.776.872.060.875'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['D12.644.541'], ['D12.776.828'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.760', 'D08.811.277.656.959.350'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.760.855', 'D08.811.277.656.959.350.855', 'D12.776.124.125.890', 'D23.119.960']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Isolation and expression of cDNA for different forms of hepatocyte growth factor from human leukocyte.
|
Human leukocyte cDNA library was screened to isolate cDNA clones coding for hepatocyte growth factor using cDNA from human liver as a probe. Nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences were analyzed for two of four clones obtained. One of them contained an open reading frame coding for a polypeptide chain of 728 amino acid residues like that of cDNA clone derived from human liver. In another clone a spontaneous deletion of 15 base pairs was found within the coding sequence. When expressed transiently using COS-1 cells both clones produced protein with similar biological activity against rat hepatocyte in vitro.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Animals', 'Base Sequence', 'Cell Division', 'Cell Line', 'Cloning, Molecular', 'DNA', 'Gene Library', 'Growth Substances', 'Hepatocyte Growth Factor', 'Humans', 'Leukocytes', 'Liver', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Oligonucleotide Probes', 'Restriction Mapping', 'Transfection']
| 2,145,836
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['B01.050'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['G04.144.220', 'G04.161.750.500', 'G05.113', 'G07.345.249.410.750.500'], ['A11.251.210'], ['E05.393.220'], ['D13.444.308'], ['G05.360.325'], ['D27.505.696.377'], ['D12.644.276.374.420', 'D12.776.467.374.420', 'D23.529.374.420'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A11.118.637', 'A15.145.229.637', 'A15.382.490'], ['A03.620'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['D13.444.600.601', 'D27.505.259.750.600.650', 'D27.720.470.530.600.650'], ['E05.393.183.620.650', 'E05.393.712'], ['E05.393.350.810', 'G05.728.860']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Quantitative assessment of the accuracy of dose calculation using pencil beam and Monte Carlo algorithms and requirements for clinical quality assurance.
|
To compare the doses calculated using the BrainLAB pencil beam (PB) and Monte Carlo (MC) algorithms for tumors located in various sites including the lung and evaluate quality assurance procedures required for the verification of the accuracy of dose calculation. The dose-calculation accuracy of PB and MC was also assessed quantitatively with measurement using ionization chamber and Gafchromic films placed in solid water and heterogeneous phantoms. The dose was calculated using PB convolution and MC algorithms in the iPlan treatment planning system from BrainLAB. The dose calculation was performed on the patient's computed tomography images with lesions in various treatment sites including 5 lungs, 5 prostates, 4 brains, 2 head and necks, and 2 paraspinal tissues. A combination of conventional, conformal, and intensity-modulated radiation therapy plans was used in dose calculation. The leaf sequence from intensity-modulated radiation therapy plans or beam shapes from conformal plans and monitor units and other planning parameters calculated by the PB were identical for calculating dose with MC. Heterogeneity correction was considered in both PB and MC dose calculations. Dose-volume parameters such as V95 (volume covered by 95% of prescription dose), dose distributions, and gamma analysis were used to evaluate the calculated dose by PB and MC. The measured doses by ionization chamber and EBT GAFCHROMIC film in solid water and heterogeneous phantoms were used to quantitatively asses the accuracy of dose calculated by PB and MC. The dose-volume histograms and dose distributions calculated by PB and MC in the brain, prostate, paraspinal, and head and neck were in good agreement with one another (within 5%) and provided acceptable planning target volume coverage. However, dose distributions of the patients with lung cancer had large discrepancies. For a plan optimized with PB, the dose coverage was shown as clinically acceptable, whereas in reality, the MC showed a systematic lack of dose coverage. The dose calculated by PB for lung tumors was overestimated by up to 40%. An interesting feature that was observed is that despite large discrepancies in dose-volume histogram coverage of the planning target volume between PB and MC, the point doses at the isocenter (center of the lesions) calculated by both algorithms were within 7% even for lung cases. The dose distributions measured with EBT GAFCHROMIC films in heterogeneous phantoms showed large discrepancies of nearly 15% lower than PB at interfaces between heterogeneous media, where these lower doses measured by the film were in agreement with those by MC. The doses (V95) calculated by MC and PB agreed within 5% for treatment sites with small tissue heterogeneities such as the prostate, brain, head and neck, and paraspinal tumors. Considerable discrepancies, up to 40%, were observed in the dose-volume coverage between MC and PB in lung tumors, which may affect clinical outcomes. The discrepancies between MC and PB increased for 15MV compared with 6MV indicating the importance of implementation of accurate clinical treatment planning such as MC. The comparison of point doses is not representative of the discrepancies in dose coverage and might be misleading in evaluating the accuracy of dose calculation between PB and MC. Thus, the clinical quality assurance procedures required to verify the accuracy of dose calculation using PB and MC need to consider measurements of 2- and 3-dimensional dose distributions rather than a single point measurement using heterogeneous phantoms instead of homogenous water-equivalent phantoms.
|
['Algorithms', 'Humans', 'Monte Carlo Method', 'Neoplasms', 'Quality Assurance, Health Care', 'Radiotherapy Dosage', 'Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted']
| 23,558,145
|
[['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.740.525', 'L01.906.394.422', 'N05.715.360.750.540', 'N06.850.520.830.525'], ['C04'], ['N04.761.700', 'N05.700'], ['E02.815.639'], ['E02.950.825', 'L01.313.500.750.100.710.600.608']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Members of the Gq alpha subunit gene family activate phospholipase C beta isozymes.
|
The relative specificities of members of the G alpha q family of GTP-binding proteins were tested for their ability to activate different phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC) beta isozymes. Cos-7 cells were transfected with cDNA corresponding to G alpha q, G alpha 11, G alpha 14, and G alpha 16. Most of the recombinant protein was bound to the cell membrane and these membranes were washed to elute endogenous PI-PLC activity. The membrane preparation was reconstituted with purified preparations of the PI-PLC beta isozymes and guanosine 5'-O-thiotriphosphate (GTP gamma S)-stimulated enzyme activity was measured. All four proteins of the G alpha q family were found to stimulate PI-PLC beta 1, with G alpha q and G alpha 11 being most efficient. On the other hand, G alpha 16 was found to most effectively activate PI-PLC beta 2, while G alpha q, G alpha 11, and G alpha 14 showed less stimulation. Specific anti- G alpha 16 antibody blocked the stimulation of both PI-PLC beta 1 and PI-PLC beta 2 in the enriched membrane fraction. We conclude that there is specificity in the interaction of different members of the Gq family with different PI-PLC beta effectors. This specificity may be important in generating tissue- or receptor-specific responses in vivo.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Animals', 'Antibodies', 'Cell Line', 'Cell Membrane', 'Enzyme Activation', 'GTP-Binding Proteins', "Guanosine 5'-O-(3-Thiotriphosphate)", 'Isoenzymes', 'Kinetics', 'Macromolecular Substances', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Multigene Family', 'Peptides', 'Phosphatidylinositol Diacylglycerol-Lyase', 'Phosphoinositide Phospholipase C', 'Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases', 'Transfection']
| 1,322,889
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['B01.050'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114'], ['A11.251.210'], ['A11.284.149'], ['G02.111.263', 'G03.328'], ['D08.811.277.040.330.300', 'D12.776.157.325'], ['D02.886.765.380', 'D13.695.667.454.504.380', 'D13.695.827.426.504.380', 'D13.695.900.380'], ['D08.811.348', 'D12.776.800.300'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['D05'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.645'], ['D12.644'], ['D08.811.277.352.640.700.700.500', 'D08.811.520.650.800'], ['D08.811.277.352.640.700.700.562', 'D12.644.360.571', 'D12.776.476.556'], ['D08.811.277.352.640'], ['E05.393.350.810', 'G05.728.860']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Single breath nitrogen washout in pulmonary sarcoidosis.
|
In 35 patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis we explored the utility of single breath nitrogen washout as a means for detecting abnormalities in airway function and intrapulmonary distribution of air. Closing volume/vital capacity ratio (CV/VC) was 21% (predicted 12.5%) in patients with only hilar adenopathy (stage I). CV/VC was 21% (predicted 13%) in patients with hilar adenopathy and parenchymal infiltration (stage II). Abnormalities in CV/VC were less readily detectable in patients with parenchymal infiltrates only (stage III) or those with bullous lesions and lung retraction (stage IV). Closing capacity was abnormally high in 66% of the cases. The slope of the alveolar plateau (delta N2/L) increased with disease progression. Single breath nitrogen test provides useful information concerning the function of small airways and distribution of pulmonary ventilation in all stages of sarcoidosis.
|
['Adult', 'Female', 'Forced Expiratory Volume', 'Functional Residual Capacity', 'Humans', 'Lung Diseases', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Nitrogen', 'Pulmonary Diffusing Capacity', 'Respiration', 'Respiratory Function Tests', 'Sarcoidosis', 'Smoking']
| 7,111,863
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E01.370.386.700.660.230', 'G09.772.650.430'], ['E01.370.386.700.485.750.275', 'G09.772.850.390'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C08.381'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D01.268.604', 'D01.362.625'], ['E01.370.386.700.650.650', 'G09.772.600'], ['G09.772.705'], ['E01.370.386.700'], ['C15.604.515.827'], ['F01.145.805']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
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