Title
stringlengths 1
395
⌀ | abstractText
stringlengths 57
5.98k
| meshMajor
stringlengths 14
1.03k
| pmid
int64 22
33.2M
| meshid
stringlengths 2
3.14k
| meshroot
stringlengths 2
421
| A
int64 0
1
| B
int64 0
1
| C
int64 0
1
| D
int64 0
1
| E
int64 0
1
| F
int64 0
1
| G
int64 0
1
| H
int64 0
1
| I
int64 0
1
| J
int64 0
1
| L
int64 0
1
| M
int64 0
1
| N
int64 0
1
| Z
int64 0
1
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hyperopia and emergent literacy of young children: pilot study.
|
PURPOSE: To compare emergent literacy skills in uncorrected hyperopic and emmetropic children.METHODS: "Hyperopes" (>or=2.00 D sphere along the most hyperopic meridian; n=13; aged 67+/-13 mo) and "emmetropes" (<or=1.50 D sphere along the most hyperopic meridian; n=19; aged 58+/-12 mo) were tested for visual acuity (VA) and assessed for their emergent literacy skills [three standard tests (letter/word reading skills, receptive vocabulary and phonological awareness) and an experimental test of emergent orthography]. Parents completed a survey of family demographics, health/developmental concerns and home literacy experiences. Visual motor and visual perceptual skills tests were used to assess any visual cognitive differences.RESULTS: There were no differences in single letter VA for hyperopes and emmetropes and crowded letters for the right eye. Crowding effects were significantly greater in the left eye for hyperopes (t (30)=-2.74, p=0.01), with two of the hyperopes showing abnormal crowding. Hyperopes lagged behind emmetropes in letter and word recognition ability (Mann-Whitney U=72, p=0.049), receptive vocabulary (F(1,30)=9.64, p=0.004), and emergent orthography (F(1,29)=5.43, p=0.03). The groups did not differ in phonological awareness skills (F(1,29)=0.39, p=0.54). No statistically significant differences between the two groups were found for visual motor or visual perceptual skills, age, and some family variables known to contribute to emergent literacy skills.CONCLUSIONS: In this pilot study, uncorrected hyperopic children, ages 4 to 7 years, show reduced performance on tests of letter and word recognition, receptive vocabulary, and emergent orthography and crowded VA, despite no difference in phonological awareness skills, visual cognitive skills, and other family variables known to affect the acquisition of literacy skills. The relationship between hyperopia and the poorer progress in emergent literacy is complex, and it is not clear if the relationship is causal, and whether the hyperopes will catch up to the emmetropes with time.
|
['Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Cognition', 'Educational Status', 'Handwriting', 'Humans', 'Hyperopia', 'Pilot Projects', 'Reading', 'Visual Acuity', 'Visual Perception', 'Vocabulary']
| 18,043,422
|
[['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['F02.463.188'], ['N01.824.196'], ['L01.559.423.906.539'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C11.744.479'], ['E05.318.372.750', 'E05.337.737', 'N05.715.360.330.720', 'N06.850.520.450.720'], ['L01.559.423.557'], ['E01.370.380.850.950', 'F02.463.593.932.901', 'G14.940'], ['F02.463.593.932'], ['L01.559.598.901']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Low frequency fatigue of quadriceps muscle after sustained maximum voluntary contractions.
|
Immediately after sustained maximum voluntary contractions for 60 s, greater quadriceps muscle fatigue and, especially, low frequency fatigue is observed. The results of our study have shown that immediately after the exercise there was a significant (P<0.05) decrease in muscle force induced by low (20 Hz) and high (50 Hz) stimulation frequencies and maximum voluntary contractions (it is not muscle length-dependent) and it did not recover to its initial (pre-exercise) level 15 min after the end of exercise. These observations suggest the observed low frequency fatigue may consist of 2 phases: an early, rapid recovery phase (to 3 min), likely related to muscle potentiation and metabolite build-up, and a slow recovery phase, which is not dependent on metabolite levels, but is especially dependent on muscle mechanical damage. There is an increase in low frequency fatigue during a slow recovery phase and it is more pronounced when low frequency fatigue is registered at short muscle length.
|
['Adult', 'Analysis of Variance', 'Data Interpretation, Statistical', 'Electric Stimulation', 'Exercise', 'Humans', 'Isometric Contraction', 'Knee Joint', 'Male', 'Muscle Contraction', 'Muscle Fatigue', 'Muscle Relaxation', 'Muscle, Skeletal']
| 14,646,464
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E05.318.740.150', 'N05.715.360.750.125', 'N06.850.520.830.150'], ['E05.245.380', 'E05.318.740.300', 'L01.313.500.750.190.380', 'N05.715.360.750.300', 'N06.850.520.830.300'], ['E05.723.402'], ['G11.427.410.698.277', 'I03.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G11.427.494.472'], ['A02.835.583.475'], ['G11.427.494'], ['G11.427.550'], ['G11.427.494.554'], ['A02.633.567', 'A10.690.552.500']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
MinPD: distance-based phylogenetic analysis and recombination detection of serially-sampled HIV quasispecies.
|
A new computational method to study within-host viral evolution is explored to better understand the evolution and pathogenesis of viruses. Traditional phylogenetic tree methods are better suited to study relationships between contemporaneous species, which appear as leaves of a phylogenetic tree. However, viral sequences are often sampled serially from a single host. Consequently, data may be available at the leaves as well as the internal nodes of a phylogenetic tree. Recombination may further complicate the analysis. Such relationships are not easily expressed by traditional phylogenetic methods. We propose a new algorithm, called MinPD, based on minimum pairwise distances. Our algorithm uses multiple distance matrices and correlation rules to output a MinPD tree or network. We test our algorithm using extensive simmulations and apply it to a set of HIV sequence data isolated from one patient over a period of ten years. The proposed visualization of the phylogenetic tree\network further enhances the benefits of our methods.
|
['Algorithms', 'Chromosome Mapping', 'DNA, Viral', 'Evolution, Molecular', 'HIV', 'Linkage Disequilibrium', 'Phylogeny', 'Recombination, Genetic', 'Sequence Alignment', 'Sequence Analysis, DNA', 'Species Specificity']
| 16,448,005
|
[['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['E05.393.183'], ['D13.444.308.568'], ['G05.045.250', 'G16.075.250'], ['B04.820.650.589.650.350'], ['G05.348.500'], ['G05.697', 'G16.075.605', 'L01.100.697'], ['G05.728'], ['E05.393.751'], ['E05.393.760.700'], ['G16.824']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Success of Minimally Invasive Pectus Excavatum Procedures (Modified Nuss) in Adult Patients (?30 Years).
|
BACKGROUND: Minimally invasive repair of pectus excavatum (MIRPE) has become standard for pediatric and young adult patients, but its use for older adults is controversial.METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed electronic medical records of adults (?18 years of age) who underwent MIRPE from January 1, 2010, through April 30, 2015, and collected demographic data, operative details, and information about outcomes. Cardiac function was measured before and after repair by intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography. We divided patients by age: 18 to 29 years of age and 30 years of age and older.RESULTS: Of 361 patients, 207 were 30 or older (mean, 40 years; range, 30 to 72 years; 71.5% men). Of the older patients, 151 had primary repairs. MIRPE was successfully used in 88.7% of patients older than 30 years of age versus 96.5% of those 18 to 29 years of age. For patients 30 years of age and older, open-cartilage resection, sternal osteotomy, or both was more common with increasing age (mean, 47.8 years versus 39.5 years; p = 0.0003) and higher mean Haller index (7.7 versus 5.5; p = 0.0254). Mean operative time for MIRPE was significantly longer for older patients (?30 years of age) compared with younger adults (121 [60 to 224] minutes versus 111 [62 to 178] minutes; p = 0.0154). Right ventricular output increased 65.2% after repair in older adults. Although greater, the frequency of bar rotation requiring reoperation was not significantly increased in the older patients (p = 0.74).CONCLUSIONS: The majority of adult patients with PE can have successful repair with modified MIRPE. The use of cartilage or sternal osteotomy, or both, increased with patient age and defect severity.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Female', 'Funnel Chest', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures', 'Postoperative Care', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Sternum']
| 27,283,111
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C05.116.099.386', 'C05.660.386', 'C16.131.621.386'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E04.502'], ['E02.760.731.700', 'E04.604.500', 'N02.421.585.722.700'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['A02.835.232.570.750']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Cytokine responses in very low birth weight infants receiving glutamine-enriched enteral nutrition.
|
OBJECTIVE: Very low birth weight (VLBW) infants receiving glutamine-enriched enteral nutrition may present with a lower infection rate, which may result from enhanced antimicrobial innate or Th1 cytokine responses. We investigated whether glutamine-enriched enteral nutrition in VLBW infants increased these cytokine responses following in vitro stimulation of whole blood cells.METHODS: In a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized controlled trial, VLBW infants (gestational age <32 weeks and/or birth weight <1500 g) received enteral glutamine supplementation (0.3 g x kg(-1) x day(-1)) or isonitrogenous placebo supplementation (alanine) between days 3 and 30 of life. Cytokine responses following in vitro whole blood cell stimulation with anti-(alpha)CD3/alphaCD28 or lipopolysaccharide were analyzed by cytometric bead array at 3 time points: before the start of the study, at day 7 of life, and at day 14 of life.RESULTS: Baseline patient and nutritional characteristics were not different between groups. At least 2 blood samples were analyzed in 25 of 52 (48%) and 38 of 50 (76%) infants in the glutamine-supplemented and control groups, respectively. Glutamine-enriched enteral nutrition was not associated with significant alterations in cytokine responses (interferon-gamma, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin [IL]-2, IL-4, IL-5, and IL-10) of peripheral blood cells upon stimulation with either anti-alphaCD3/alphaCD28 or lipopolysaccharide.CONCLUSIONS: We hypothesize that glutamine-enriched enteral nutrition decreases the infection rate in VLBW infants by influencing the mucosal and not the systemic immune system.
|
['Birth Weight', 'CD28 Antigens', 'CD3 Complex', 'Cytokines', 'Double-Blind Method', 'Enteral Nutrition', 'Female', 'Gestational Age', 'Glutamine', 'Humans', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Infant, Very Low Birth Weight', 'Intensive Care, Neonatal', 'Interferon-gamma', 'Interleukins', 'Lipopolysaccharides', 'Male', 'Placebos', 'Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha']
| 19,172,131
|
[['C23.888.144.186', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120.186', 'E05.041.124.160.750.149', 'G07.100.100.160.120.186', 'G07.345.249.314.120.186'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.222.500', 'D23.050.301.264.894.128', 'D23.101.100.894.128'], ['D23.050.301.264.894.095', 'D23.101.100.894.095'], ['D12.644.276.374', 'D12.776.467.374', 'D23.529.374'], ['E05.318.370.300', 'E05.581.500.300', 'N05.715.360.325.320', 'N06.850.520.445.300'], ['E02.421.360', 'E02.642.500.360'], ['G07.345.500.325.235.968', 'G08.686.320'], ['D12.125.068.330', 'D12.125.095.461', 'D12.125.154.424'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['M01.060.703.520.460.600'], ['E02.760.190.405', 'N02.421.585.190.500'], ['D12.644.276.374.440.893', 'D12.644.276.374.480.615.350', 'D12.776.467.374.440.893', 'D12.776.467.374.480.615.350', 'D23.529.374.440.893', 'D23.529.374.480.615.350'], ['D12.644.276.374.465', 'D12.776.467.374.465', 'D23.529.374.465'], ['D09.400.500', 'D09.698.718.450', 'D10.494', 'D23.050.161.616.525', 'D23.946.123.329.500'], ['D26.660', 'E02.785'], ['D12.644.276.374.500.800', 'D12.644.276.374.750.626', 'D12.776.124.900', 'D12.776.395.930', 'D12.776.467.374.500.800', 'D12.776.467.374.750.626', 'D23.529.374.500.800', 'D23.529.374.750.626']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Evaluation of contrast agent dose and diffusion coefficient measurement on vessel size index estimation.
|
OBJECTIVES: The goal of this study is to examine the effect of contrast agent (CA) dose and diffusion coefficient on the estimation of vessel size index (VSI).MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three groups of four participants were enrolled in this study and two different experiments were performed. Different dose of CA, namely 0.1 mmol/kg and 0.05 mmol/kg were assessed in two groups of normal subjects. Diffusion coefficient effect was assessed in the third group with high-grade glioma. Imaging included gradient echo and spin-echo DSC and DTI on a 3-T MR Scanner.RESULTS: VSI estimation using half of standard dose of CA showed higher values compared to the application of standard, with a ratio of 2 for the WM and 1.5 for the GM. VSI estimates for tumor tissues (22 µm) were considerably higher compared to contra-lateral Normal-Appearing WM (NAWM, 4 µm, P < 0.01) and Normal-Appearing GM (NAGM, 8 µm, P < 0.04).DISCUSSION: Application of standard dose for CA injection and also taking into account the effect of diffusion coefficient can lead to a better correlation of VSI with previous theoretically predicted values and improvement of individual diagnostics in tumor evaluations.
|
['Adult', 'Blood Vessels', 'Blood-Brain Barrier', 'Brain', 'Brain Neoplasms', 'Contrast Media', 'Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Diffusion Tensor Imaging', 'Glioma', 'Humans', 'Image Processing, Computer-Assisted', 'Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy', 'Middle Aged']
| 31,270,714
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['A07.015'], ['A07.035', 'A08.186.211.035'], ['A08.186.211'], ['C04.588.614.250.195', 'C10.228.140.211', 'C10.551.240.250'], ['D27.505.259.500', 'D27.720.259'], ['E01.370.350.825.500.150'], ['E01.370.350.578.750', 'E01.370.350.825.500.150.500', 'E01.370.376.537.500', 'E05.629.750'], ['C04.557.465.625.600.380', 'C04.557.470.670.380', 'C04.557.580.625.600.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.224.308'], ['E05.196.867.519'], ['M01.060.116.630']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Epithelial differentiation at the mucogingival junction: a stereological comparison of the epithelia of the vestibular gingiva and alveolar mucosa.
|
The epithelial lining of normal human vestibular gingiva and the adjoining alveolar mucosa was subjected to a comparative stereological analysis. Five biopsies collected from 11 to 12 year-old males and females were selected from a total of 14 specimens and, under standardized conditions, processed for light- and electron microscopy. At two levels of magnification, electron micrographs were sampled from five strata in the oral-gingival, and from four strata in the alveolar-mucosal epithelium, mostly in regions of epithelial ridges. Standardized sterological point counting techniques were employed to analyze a total of 710 and 540 electron micrographs from the oral-gingival and the alveolar-mucosal epithelium, respectively. The two epithelia, although of similar thickness, show different differentiation patterns. The oral-gingival epithelium consists of four cytologically different strata, the major differentiation step occurring between the lower and upper stratum spinosum of epithelial ridges. Standardized stereological point counting techniques were alveolar-mucosal epithelium, consisting of two cytologically different cell compartments, displays a broad, superficial zone of differentiated flat cells, with 60% of the cytoplasm filled with a dense network of cytoplamic filaments. The major differentiation step occurs between basal and lower spinous layers. Differentiation phenomena in both epithelia are discussed and individual variations are interpreted in view of genetically determined factors.
|
['Adolescent', 'Alveolar Process', 'Cell Differentiation', 'Cell Nucleus', 'Cytoplasm', 'Epithelium', 'Female', 'Gingiva', 'Glycogen', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Microscopy, Electron', 'Mouth Mucosa']
| 509,505
|
[]
|
[]
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Dried blood spots as a sampling technique for the quantitative determination of guanfacine in clinical studies.
|
BACKGROUND: Dried blood spot (DBS) technology was evaluated for the quantitative determination of guanfacine in human blood in clinical studies. A very sensitive DBS assay has been developed using HPLC coupled with an AB Sciex 5500 QTRAP® (Applied Biosystems/MDS Sciex, ON, Canada) MS system (LC-MS/MS) with a linear calibration range of 0.05 to 25 ng/ml. High-resolution MS using an Exactive Orbitrap® (ThermoFisher, LLC., CA, USA) was compared with the QTRAP using extracted exact mass ion current profiles for guanfacine and its stable-isotope-incorporated internal standard. The sample preparation employed liquid-liquid extraction with methyl t-butyl ether of 5 mm punched DBS card disks, followed by reversed-phase HPLC separation coupled with either MS/MS or high-resolution MS. Routine experiments were performed to establish the robustness of the DBS assay, including precision, accuracy, linearity, selectivity, sensitivity and long-term stability of up to 76 days. In addition, several factors that potentially affect quantitation were investigated, including blood volume for DBS spotting, punch size and punch location.RESULTS: A sensitive research assay with a LLOQ of 0.05 ng/ml was developed and subjected to several components of a method validation common to a regulated bioanalysis procedure employing DBS. This method development and partial validation study determined that spot volume, punch size or punch location do not affect assay accuracy and precision. The DBS approach was successfully applied to a clinical study (a Phase I, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study to assess the effect of varying multiple oral doses of guanfacine on the pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, safety, and tolerability profiles in healthy adult subjects). The pharmacokinetic profiles for 12 volunteers generated from the DBS assay and from a previously validated plasma assay were compared and were found to be comparable. DBS incurred samples collected from finger prick blood and directly applied to the DBS cards were also analyzed for comparison.CONCLUSION: From a bioanalytical perspective, DBS sample collection and analysis is a potentially viable alternative for guanfacine determination in clinical studies, utilizing approximately 100 µl of blood per subject profile compared with a few millilitres of blood drawn for conventional plasma bioanalysis.
|
['Adrenergic alpha-Agonists', 'Chromatography, Liquid', 'Clinical Trials as Topic', 'Dried Blood Spot Testing', 'Guanfacine', 'Humans', 'Liquid-Liquid Extraction', 'Male', 'Specimen Handling', 'Tandem Mass Spectrometry']
| 22,122,599
|
[['D27.505.519.625.050.100.100', 'D27.505.696.577.050.100.100'], ['E05.196.181.400'], ['E05.318.372.250.250', 'N05.715.360.330.250.250', 'N06.850.520.450.250.250'], ['E01.370.225.124.100.232', 'E05.200.124.100.232'], ['D02.078.370.465', 'D02.241.223.601.329'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.196.155.650'], ['E01.370.225.998', 'E05.200.998'], ['E05.196.566.880']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Volatile organic compound testing of a population living near a hazardous waste site.
|
Accurate measures of individual exposure are critical in reducing misclassification and establishing scientifically valid associations between health outcomes and exposures to environmental contaminants. As part of a community health study, the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry conducted exposure testing for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the blood of people residing near an industrial complex. The purposes of the study were to assess recent exposures to VOCs in this community and to assess the utility of conducting blood VOC testing on populations near hazardous waste sites. One hundred blood specimens from the target area and 106 blood specimens from the control area were collected for analysis. The blood VOC levels in the target-area participants were compared to those in the control area and to a national reference population. Of the 31 separate VOCs for which testing was done, only acetone was statistically significantly (p < 0.05) higher in target-area participants (1,636 parts per billion [ppb]) than in control-area participants (1,353 ppb). 1,1,1-Trichloroethane was found at higher geometric mean levels in the control group (0.169 ppb) than in the target group (0.115 ppb) (p = 0.01). Median blood levels of 2-butanone and 1,4-dichlorobenzene were slightly higher in both target- and control-area groups than in the national reference population, but neither area was statistically significantly higher than the national reference population for any contaminant measured. Overall, there appeared to be no association between residing in the target area and elevated blood VOC levels. Based on the results of this study, blood VOC testing should be limited to populations living near sites where environmental testing has shown recent, elevated VOC exposure, or where unusual circumstances of illness may be attributed to VOC exposure.
|
['Acetone', 'Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Butanones', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Child', 'Confidence Intervals', 'Environmental Exposure', 'Female', 'Hazardous Waste', 'Humans', 'Hydrocarbons', 'Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated', 'Industrial Waste', 'Kentucky', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Odds Ratio', 'Reference Values', 'Sampling Studies']
| 8,792,300
|
[['D02.522.064'], ['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D02.522.296'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['M01.060.406'], ['E05.318.740.275', 'N05.715.360.750.220', 'N06.850.520.830.275'], ['N06.850.460.350'], ['D20.944.380', 'D27.888.426.500', 'N06.850.460.710.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D02.455'], ['D02.455.526.439'], ['D20.944.420', 'N06.850.460.710.420'], ['Z01.107.567.875.075.400', 'Z01.107.567.875.510.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.740.600.600', 'G17.680.500', 'N05.715.360.750.625.590', 'N06.850.520.830.600.600'], ['E05.978.810'], ['E05.318.372.875', 'N05.715.360.330.875', 'N06.850.520.450.875']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Ultra-thin porous glass membranes--an innovative material for the immobilization of active species for optical chemosensors.
|
In addition to polymers, porous glasses can be used for the immobilization of indicators, chromoionophores or enzymes. Advantages of these materials include, among others, the photochemical and thermal stability. Porous glass membranes (CPG) based on phase-separated alkali borosilicate glasses with thicknesses of 250-300 ìm and dimensions of approximately 9-13 mm² were used in this work. The average pore diameter was found to be between 12 and 112 nm. Initially, the membrane permeability for water was determined. Furthermore, the absorption spectra for the water-soaked membranes were recorded optically. CPG membranes which are pH-sensitive were prepared based on the covalent immobilization of thymol blue and a derivative of styryl acridine. In each case, the absorption spectra of the immobilized indicators are shown. The t90-times vary between 4 and 20 min and were determined for the thermodynamic equilibrium. The influence of the ionic strength on the characteristic curve is discussed and detailed results are given. After the storage time of about 900 days a pH-sensitivity for a CPG membrane styryl acridine derivative sample was still detectable.
|
['Acridines', 'Coloring Agents', 'Glass', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Membranes, Artificial', 'Permeability', 'Porosity', 'Silicates', 'Spectrophotometry', 'Thymolphthalein', 'Water']
| 23,598,220
|
[['D03.633.300.046'], ['D27.720.233'], ['J01.637.437'], ['G02.300'], ['D25.479', 'J01.637.051.479', 'J01.637.087.500'], ['G02.723'], ['G01.374.710'], ['D01.578.725', 'D01.837.725.700.760'], ['E05.196.712.726', 'E05.196.867.826'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.657.625.808'], ['D01.045.250.875', 'D01.248.497.158.459.650', 'D01.650.550.925']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Endometrial Carcinomas With Clear Cells: A Study of a Heterogeneous Group of Tumors Including Interobserver Variability, Mutation Analysis, and Immunohistochemistry With HNF-1â.
|
Endometrial clear cell carcinoma (CC) is an uncommon tumor and often carries a poor prognosis. It has histologic features that overlap with other endometrial carcinomas and is frequently misclassified. Accurate classification is crucial, however, to improve treatment options. The objectives of this study were (1) to assess diagnostic interobserver variability among 5 gynecologic pathologists for tumors originally diagnosed as CC or with a component of CC (n=44); (2) to determine the utility of immunohistochemical markers estrogen receptor and HNF-1â; and (3) to detect mutations in select genes. Clinical data and morphologic features were also recorded. Agreement among reviewers was only moderate: only 46% of the original CC remained classified as such. After reclassification, estrogen receptor was positive in 8% of CC, 67% of endometrioid carcinomas (EC), and 47% of serous carcinomas (SC). Sensitivities of HNF-1â in CC, SC, and EC were 62%, 27%, and 17%, respectively, whereas specificity for CC versus EC or SC was 78%. Mutations in PIK3CA, PIK3R1, PTEN, KRAS, and NRAS were detected in 41% of 37 cases that had adequate material for study. At least 1 mutation was identified in 33% of CC, 67% of EC, and 33% of SC. This group of patients had poor outcomes: 72% of the patients with follow-up information had died of disease. In summary, this study suggests that the current pool of CC is a heterogeneous group of tumors from the morphologic, immunophenotypic, and molecular point of views and that only a percentage of them represent true CC.
|
['Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Biomarkers, Tumor', 'Carcinoma, Endometrioid', 'Cystadenocarcinoma, Serous', 'DNA Mutational Analysis', 'Endometrial Neoplasms', 'Female', 'Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 1-beta', 'Humans', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Middle Aged', 'Observer Variation']
| 25,851,704
|
[['C04.557.470.200.025.045'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['D23.101.140'], ['C04.557.470.200.025.240', 'C04.588.945.418.948.585.124', 'C13.351.500.056.630.705.331', 'C13.351.937.418.685.331', 'C13.351.937.418.875.200.124', 'C19.391.630.705.331'], ['C04.557.470.200.025.480.240', 'C04.557.470.590.480.240'], ['E05.393.760.700.300'], ['C04.588.945.418.948.585', 'C13.351.500.852.762.200', 'C13.351.937.418.875.200'], ['D12.776.260.262.500.750', 'D12.776.260.400.218.750', 'D12.776.660.352.500.750', 'D12.776.930.318.500.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.354.753', 'N02.421.450.600', 'N05.715.350.150.675', 'N06.850.490.500.250']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Antioxidant status and the risk of elevated C-reactive protein 12 years later.
|
BACKGROUND/AIMS: Low-grade inflammation is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Relationships between the antioxidant status and inflammatory biomarkers could give new insights into cardiovascular disease prevention. We investigated long-term associations between the antioxidant nutrient (vitamin C, á-tocopherol, â-carotene) status and C-reactive protein (CRP) in a population-based cohort.METHODS: Subjects included in the French SU.VI.MAX trial study who had available data on baseline (1994-1995) blood nutrient concentrations and CRP measurements 12 years later (2007-2009) were included. Associations between baseline antioxidant circulating concentrations and elevated CRP (>3 mg/l) were investigated in multivariate logistic regression models. Subgroup analyses were performed according to gender, supplementation group of the initial trial, smoking status, and alcohol intake.RESULTS: Serum á-tocopherol (n = 2,060) and vitamin C (n = 1,719) concentrations [odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) quintile 5 vs. 1: OR 1.10 (95% CI 0.71-1.73), p for trend = 0.533, vs. OR 0.79 (95% CI 0.48-1.29), p for trend = 0.121, respectively] were not associated with elevated CRP concentrations. The â-carotene status (n = 2,048) was inversely associated with elevated CRP [adjusted OR quintile 5 vs. 1: OR 0.61 (95% CI 0.38-0.98), p for trend = 0.01]. Subgroup analyses showed that associations were stronger in women (p for trend = 0.004), never smokers (p for trend = 0.009) and subjects in the supplementation group (p for trend = 0.002).CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that the â-carotene status may be inversely associated with low-grade inflammation in the long term.
|
['Antioxidants', 'Ascorbic Acid', 'C-Reactive Protein', 'Cohort Studies', 'Female', 'France', 'Humans', 'Inflammation', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic', 'Risk Factors', 'alpha-Tocopherol', 'beta Carotene']
| 25,377,123
|
[['D27.505.519.217', 'D27.505.696.706.125', 'D27.720.799.047'], ['D02.241.081.844.107', 'D02.241.511.902.107', 'D09.811.100'], ['D12.776.034.145', 'D12.776.124.050.120', 'D12.776.124.486.157'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['Z01.542.286'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C23.550.470'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.372.250.250.365.500', 'N05.715.360.330.250.250.365.500', 'N06.850.520.450.250.250.365.500'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['D03.383.663.283.909.750.249', 'D03.633.100.150.909.750.249'], ['D02.455.326.271.665.202.123', 'D02.455.426.392.368.367.379.249.050', 'D02.455.849.131.123', 'D23.767.261.050']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
ACL reconstruction: patellar tendon versus hamstring grafts--economical aspects.
|
The aim of the present investigation was to compare the costs for the use of patellar tendon versus hamstring tendons as grafts for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction including the different fixation methods. The background is that during recent years there has been a dramatic shift from patellar tendon to hamstring tendons in ACL reconstructions in Sweden. All our patients with ACL reconstructions performed during 1 year (2004) were included. Knee joints numbering 440 in 439 patients were primary ACL reconstructions. A hamstring graft was used in 345 knee joints (78.4%) and a patellar tendon graft in 95 (21.6%) of the patients (Table 2). On average 34 (SD 12.9; range 14-63) ACL reconstructions per surgeon were performed by a total of 14 surgeons. The average cost for patellar tendon procedure was 197 euros compared to 436 euros for the hamstring procedure. Mean time for surgery in primary reconstructions was 11.5 min shorter (P<0.001) for patellar tendon reconstructions (71.3+/-31 min) compared to hamstring reconstructions (83.2+/-27 min). This means a difference in cost of 90 euros. The total additional cost (fixation and surgery time) for the hamstring method compared to the patellar tendon method was on an average 329 euros. From a strict economic point of view we therefore recommend or at least consider the use of the patellar tendon as a graft in ACL reconstructions.
|
['Adult', 'Anterior Cruciate Ligament', 'Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries', 'Bone Screws', 'Bone-Patellar Tendon-Bone Grafting', 'Costs and Cost Analysis', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Prospective Studies', 'Sweden', 'Tendons', 'Transplantation, Autologous']
| 16,570,193
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['A02.513.514.100', 'A02.835.583.512.100', 'A10.165.669.514.100'], ['C26.558.554.213'], ['E07.695.370.437', 'E07.858.442.660.460.437', 'E07.858.690.725.460.437'], ['E02.095.147.725.065', 'E04.555.110.026.500', 'E04.680.101.026.500', 'E04.936.580.065'], ['N03.219.151'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['Z01.542.816.500'], ['A02.880'], ['E04.936.664']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Direct postoperative and follow-up results of transsphenoidal surgery in 19 acromegalic patients pretreated with octreotide compared to those in untreated matched controls.
|
In this study 19 patients were preoperatively treated with octreotide for 1-17 months (mean, 5 months), with doses from 150-1500 microg daily, and those patients were matched to 19 untreated patients with comparable tumor classification and preoperative serum GH concentrations. Octreotide was started at 300 microg daily by s.c. injections or continuous sc infusion using a pump in increasing doses, depending on the responses of the serum GH and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) concentrations. During pretreatment, seven patients achieved a serum GH concentration below 5 mU/L, whereas six patients normalized their serum IGF-I. Postoperatively, a serum GH concentration below 5 mU/L was achieved in 15 pretreated and 14 untreated patients, a normal serum IGF-I level (<2 SD) was achieved in 10 pretreated and 15 untreated patients, and normal serum GH suppression during GTT was reached in 12 treated and 14 control patients. No differences were found in complication rate or incidence of hypopituitarism caused by surgery. Adjuvant therapy was required in 7 treated and 5 untreated patients. At follow-up examination, 5.7 and 4 yr postoperatively, 10 pretreated and 12 control patients could be considered cured by surgery only, according to our criteria for remission (serum GH, <5 mU/L; normal GH suppression and normal serum IGF-I). In summary, we found no difference in direct postoperative and follow-up results of transsphenoidal surgery between pretreated patients and untreated patients. This finding is in discordance with other studies, which have claimed a beneficial effect of octreotide pretreatment.
|
['Acromegaly', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Hormones', 'Human Growth Hormone', 'Humans', 'Hypopituitarism', 'Longitudinal Studies', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Octreotide', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Postoperative Period', 'Premedication', 'Prospective Studies', 'Sphenoid Bone', 'Treatment Failure']
| 10,522,994
|
[['C05.116.132.082', 'C10.228.140.617.738.250.100', 'C19.700.355.179'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['D06.472', 'D27.505.696.399.472'], ['D06.472.699.631.525.425.875', 'D12.644.548.691.525.425.875'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C10.228.140.617.738.300', 'C19.700.482'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D04.345.566.650', 'D12.644.641.650'], ['C23.550.767'], ['E04.614.750', 'N02.421.585.753.750'], ['E02.319.703'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['A02.835.232.781.802'], ['E01.789.800.760', 'N04.761.559.590.800.760', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800.760']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Synergistic effect of bisphosphonate and docetaxel on the growth of bone metastasis in an animal model of established metastatic bone disease.
|
Bisphosphonates decrease bone resorption and reduce significantly the rate of skeletal complications in patients with metastatic bone disease. Bisphosphonates have also been shown to exhibit antitumor activity in vitro but in vivo results have been equivocal. In the present study, we investigated the effects of bisphosphonate treatment alone or in combination with the cytostatic docetaxel on the growth of breast cancer cells in bone. Tumor gowth was studied in an athymic nude mice model inoculated with MDA-231-B/luc+ breast cancer cells. Two days after the inoculation, mice were treated with risedronate, zolendronate or docetaxel alone or with a combination of risedronate and docetaxel. Bone destruction and tumor growth were evaluated radiographically, histologically and by whole-body bioiluminescent reporter imaging (BLI). Five week treatment with high doses risedronate or zoledronate (37.5-150 microg/kg, 5 times/week), fully protected the bones from osteolysis, but did not affect tumour growth. Docetaxel (2, 4, and 8 mg/kg, 2 times/week) inhibited tumour growth dose-dependently and after 5 weeks treatment with the highest dose, there was no detectable tumour in bone. The combination of a dose of docetaxel (4 mg/kg) that demonstrated only a minimal effect on tumour growth, with risedronate (150 microg/kg), protected bone integrity and nearly completely inhibited the growth of the cancer cells. Risedronate and docetaxel act synergistically to protect bone and decrease tumour burden in an animal model of established bone metastases from breast cancer cells.
|
['Animals', 'Antineoplastic Agents', 'Bone Density Conservation Agents', 'Bone Neoplasms', 'Breast Neoplasms', 'Diphosphonates', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Docetaxel', 'Drug Synergism', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Mice', 'Mice, Nude', 'Neoplasm Metastasis', 'Taxoids', 'Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays']
| 18,989,771
|
[['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.248'], ['D27.505.696.242'], ['C04.588.149', 'C05.116.231'], ['C04.588.180', 'C17.800.090.500'], ['D02.705.429.500'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['D02.455.426.392.368.242.888.389', 'D02.455.849.291.850.389'], ['G07.690.773.968.477'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.500'], ['C04.697.650', 'C23.550.727.650'], ['D02.455.426.392.368.242.888', 'D02.455.849.291.850'], ['E05.337.550.200.900', 'E05.624.850']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Pattern of serum immunoreactivity against breast cancer cell lysates may predict severity of disease in breast cancer patients.
|
Humoral tumor-specific immunity has been investigated as a potential tool to identify tumor-associated antigens and evaluate cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Using SDS-PAGE and western blotting techniques we investigated the humoral immune response against tumor cell antigens in 36 breast cancer patients, 17 node-positive (NP) and 19 node-negative (NN). As a source of antigens, we prepared protein lysates from four breast cancer cell lines (AU565, BT474, MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231) which in vitro exhibit different features of invasion, estrogen receptor/progesterone receptor status and HER2/neu expression thereby potentially representing mild to aggressive forms of clinical disease. A higher number of immunocomplexes Ag-Ab were formed when serum from NN patients was immunoreacted against lysates from AU565 and MCF-7 in comparison to serum from NP patients (P < 0.01). BT474 cells were not a good antigenic source. MDA-MB-231 cells could not significantly discriminate between NN and NP patients since both groups showed higher amounts of reactivity against the lysate. However, comparative analysis of protein preparations purified from MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells and immunodetected concomitantly with the same serum samples showed that serum from patients with cancers with worse prognosis (stage, nodality, HER2/neu and hormonal status) reacted more intensely to proteins purified from the relatively more invasive cell line MDA-MB-231 compared to MCF-7. These findings suggest that the study of serum antibody reactivity to antigens purified from breast cancer cell lines with different invasive properties should be further investigated for its potential in providing beneficial prognostic information in breast cancer.
|
['Antibodies, Neoplasm', 'Antigens, Neoplasm', 'Blotting, Western', 'Breast Neoplasms', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Immunoassay', 'Immunoglobulin G', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Severity of Illness Index', 'Subcellular Fractions']
| 17,440,722
|
[['D12.776.124.486.485.114.240', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.240', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.240'], ['D23.050.285'], ['E05.196.401.143', 'E05.301.300.096', 'E05.478.566.320.200', 'E05.601.262', 'E05.601.470.320.200'], ['C04.588.180', 'C17.800.090.500'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.478.566', 'E05.601.470'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.619.393', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.619.393', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.619.393'], ['E05.318.370.800.650', 'N05.715.360.325.700.640', 'N06.850.520.445.800.650'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475.456.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.364.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.364.500'], ['A11.284.835']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
The burden of metabolic diseases amongst HIV positive patients on HAART attending The Johannesburg Hospital.
|
South Africa has the highest prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in the world. The improved life expectancy, due to the recent introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), may lead to an increased health burden related to metabolic disorders, resulting in an increased pressure on health-care services. The main objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, obesity and dyslipidemia in a sample of HAART-treated HIV infected patients, attending an HIV clinic in the Gauteng province. This was a cross-sectional study of 304 HIV positive patients enrolled between January 2009 and March 2009, including patients aged 18 to 45 years, on HAART for more than one year. Hypertension prevalence was 19.1% (95% confidence interval (CI) 14.7-23.5): 23.9% in men and 17.7% in women (P=0.10). Diabetes was diagnosed in 4 women. Hypercholesterolemia (total cholesterol >5.00 mmol/mL) was found in 32.2% (95% CI 27.0-37.5), low HDL cholesterol (<1.20 mmol/mL) in 45.7% (95% CI 40.1-51.3) and elevated LDL cholesterol (>4.10 mmol/mL) in 9.5% (95% CI 6.2-12.8); these prevalences were not different between sexes, whereas hypertriglyceridemia (>2.25 mmol(mL) (15.8%, 95% CI 11.7-19.9) was significantly more frequent in men (28.4% versus 12.2%, P=0.002). TC and LDL-C were positively correlated with CD4+ cell count (r=0.13, P=0.03 and r=0.12, P=0.03). In this sample, the traditional risk factors for cardiovascular disease had a high prevalence, despite the young age of our patients. Women seemed to be at higher risk than man, unlike other HIV populations where these comparisons were made (Uganda, Italy and Norway). Obesity and lipid abnormalities, highly prevalent in the general population, also appeared related to HIV-infection and CD4+ cell count, presumably as a consequence of ART exposure. Further studies are needed in order to survey a population where HIV infection is turning into a chronic disease, with its complications.
|
['Adult', 'Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Diabetes Mellitus', 'Dyslipidemias', 'Female', 'HIV Infections', 'Humans', 'Hypertension', 'Male', 'Metabolic Diseases', 'Middle Aged', 'Multivariate Analysis', 'Obesity', 'Prevalence', 'Risk Factors', 'Sex Factors', 'South Africa', 'Young Adult']
| 21,631,427
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E02.319.310.075'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['C18.452.394.750', 'C19.246'], ['C18.452.584.500'], ['C01.221.250.875', 'C01.221.812.640.400', 'C01.778.640.400', 'C01.925.782.815.616.400', 'C01.925.813.400', 'C20.673.480'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C14.907.489'], ['C18.452'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.740.150.500', 'N05.715.360.750.125.500', 'N06.850.520.830.150.500'], ['C18.654.726.500', 'C23.888.144.699.500', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120.699.500', 'G07.100.100.160.120.699.500'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['N05.715.350.675', 'N06.850.490.875'], ['Z01.058.290.175.735'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Endoscopic application of EGF-chitosan hydrogel for precipitated healing of GI peptic ulcers and mucosectomy-induced ulcers.
|
The gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy has become a standard diagnostic tool for GI ulcers and cancer. In this study we studied endoscopic application of epidermal growth factor-containing chitosan hydrogel (EGF-CS gel) for treatment of GI ulcer. We hypothesized that directional ulcer-coating using EGF-CS gel via endoscope would precipitate ulcer-healing. EGF-CS gel was directly introduced to the ulcer-region after ulceration in acetic acid-induced gastric ulcer (AAU) and mucosal resection-induced gastric ulcer (MRU) rabbit and pig models. The ulcer dimensions and mucosal thicknesses were estimated and compared with those in the control group. Healing efficacy was more closely evaluated by microscopic observation of the ulcer after histological assays. In the AAU model, the normalized ulcer size of the gel-treated group was 2.3 times smaller than that in the non-treated control group on day 3 after ulceration (P < 0.01). In the MRU model, the normalized ulcer size of the gel-treated group was 5.4 times smaller compared to that in the non-treated control group on day 1 after ulceration (P < 0.05). Histological analysis supported the ability of EGF-CS gel to heal ulcers. The present study suggests that EGF-CS gel is a promising candidate for treating gastric bleeding and ulcers.
|
['Animals', 'Chitosan', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal', 'Epidermal Growth Factor', 'Female', 'Gastric Mucosa', 'Hydrogels', 'Peptic Ulcer', 'Rabbits', 'Swine', 'Wound Healing']
| 24,338,378
|
[['B01.050'], ['D05.750.078.139.500', 'D09.698.211.500'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['E01.370.372.250.250', 'E01.370.388.250.250.250', 'E04.210.240.250', 'E04.502.250.250.250'], ['D06.472.317.350', 'D12.644.276.382.500', 'D12.776.467.382.500', 'D23.529.382.500'], ['A03.556.875.875.440', 'A10.615.550.291'], ['D20.280.320.375', 'D26.255.165.320.375'], ['C06.405.469.275.800', 'C06.405.748.586'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.968.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.880'], ['G16.762.891']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Expression of proton-pumping nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase in mouse, human brain and C elegans.
|
Proton-translocating nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase is located in the mitochondrial inner membrane and catalyzes the reduction of NADP(+) by NADH to NADPH and NAD(+). The present investigation describes the expression of the transhydrogenase gene in various mouse organs, subsections of the human brain and Caenorhabditis elegans. In the mouse, the expression was highest in heart tissue (100%) followed by kidney (64%), testis (52%), adrenal gland (41%), liver (35%), pancreas (34%), bladder (26%), lung (25%), ovary (21%) and brain (14%). The expression in brain tissue was further investigated in the human brain which showed a distribution that apparently varied as a function of neuronal density, a result that was supported by estimations of expression in C. elegans using Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) controlled by the transhydrogenase promoter. GFP-expressing C. elegans lines showed a clear concentration of fluorescence to the gut, the pharyngeal-intestinal valve and certain neurons. It is concluded that the transhydrogenase gene is expressed to various extents in all cell types in mouse, human and C. elegans.
|
['Animals', 'Blotting, Northern', 'Brain', 'Caenorhabditis elegans', 'Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins', 'Female', 'Green Fluorescent Proteins', 'Humans', 'Luminescent Proteins', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred BALB C', 'Microscopy, Fluorescence', 'NADP Transhydrogenases', 'Neurons', 'Promoter Regions, Genetic', 'Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Tissue Distribution']
| 12,223,207
|
[['B01.050'], ['E05.196.401.095', 'E05.301.300.074', 'E05.601.100'], ['A08.186.211'], ['B01.050.500.500.294.400.875.660.250.250'], ['D12.776.419.500'], ['D12.776.532.265'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.532'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.338', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.338'], ['E01.370.350.515.458', 'E05.595.458'], ['D08.811.682.608.540'], ['A08.675', 'A11.671'], ['G02.111.570.080.689.675', 'G05.360.080.689.675', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.750.680'], ['E05.393.620.500.725'], ['G03.787.917', 'G07.690.725.949']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Respiratory pathogens in bronchoalveolar lavage in a Puerto Rican population infected with the human immunodeficiency virus.
|
OBJECTIVE: To describe the respiratory pathogens found in the bronchoalveolar lavage of a Puerto Rican population infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).BACKGROUND: Empirical treatment is an accepted strategy for management of HIV-related pneumonia, but it is usually recommended for countries that have knowledge of the prevalent organisms in their population. In Puerto Rico, we have relied on data from the United States, but ethnic and geographical differences have been reported.DESIGN: Case series of a HIV-infected population admitted to an academic hospital in Puerto Rico because of respiratory symptoms and who underwent diagnostic standard bronchoalveolar lavage.RESULTS: From August 1998 to March 2000, 32 bronchoalveolar lavages (BAL) were performed in 31 Puerto Rican HIV patients. Nine (31%) were female. Mean age was 37 years old. Predominant mode of infection of the virus was intravenous drug use in men and heterosexual contact in women. BAL was diagnostic in 17/32 (53%) of the cases. Identified respiratory pathogens were Pneumocystis carinii (5), Mycobacterium tuberculosis (4), Staphylococcus aureus (2), Pseudomonas aeuruginosa (1), Bordetella bronchiseptica (1), viridans streptococcus (1), Histoplasma capsulatum (1), Cytomegalovirus (1), and, Mycobacterium kansassi (1). Retrospective review of medical records of non bronchoscoped patients for the period added six culture confirmed tuberculosis cases increasing tuberculosis rate to 18% (10/56).CONCLUSIONS: Tuberculosis appears to be a more frequent pathogen in Puerto Rico than is reported in the United States. A larger study is needed to confirm this finding and thus to clarify whether an initial presumption of tuberculosis should be assumed in the Puerto Rican HIV population.
|
['Adult', 'Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid', 'Female', 'HIV Infections', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Puerto Rico']
| 16,331,860
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E05.927.100.500'], ['C01.221.250.875', 'C01.221.812.640.400', 'C01.778.640.400', 'C01.925.782.815.616.400', 'C01.925.813.400', 'C20.673.480'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['Z01.107.084.900.750', 'Z01.639.880.750']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
|
Effects of serotonin and serotonin analogs on posture and agonistic behavior in crayfish.
|
Exogenous serotonin has been shown to induce an elevated, flexed posture in crustaceans and has also been hypothesized to enhance aggressive behavior. We conducted three experiments to further investigate the effects of serotonin and serotonin analogs on posture and agonistic behavior in the crayfish Procambarus clarkii. In the first experiment, we recorded behavioral responses to five different concentrations of serotonin injected into the ventral hemolymph sinus. The amine elicited a series of behaviors including the characteristic high, flexed posture, but none were clearly associated with aggression. In our second experiment, we tested serotonin and four serotonin receptor agonists [1-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazine dihydrochloride, 2-methyl-5-hydroxytryptamine maleate, 5-carboxamidotryptamine maleate and alpha-methyl-5-hydroxytryptamine maleate] and measured the ability of each agonist to mimic the actions of the amine. High concentrations of 1-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazine dihydrochloride most closely mimicked the actions of serotonin; 5-carboxamidotryptamine maleate induced a high stance, but did not otherwise induce effects similar to serotonin. In our third experiment, we conducted an analysis of fighting behavior between pairs of crayfish that had received injections of control saline, serotonin, or 5-carboxamidotryptamine maleate. Serotonin generally reduced the level of aggression between opponents, whereas 5-carboxamidotryptamine maleate enhanced the performance of several agonistic behaviors.
|
['Agonistic Behavior', 'Animals', 'Astacoidea', 'Female', 'Male', 'Posture', 'Receptors, Serotonin', 'Serotonin', 'Serotonin Receptor Agonists']
| 11,800,033
|
[['F01.145.126.125.100'], ['B01.050'], ['B01.050.500.131.365.190.070'], ['G11.427.695'], ['D12.776.543.750.670.800', 'D12.776.543.750.695.800', 'D12.776.543.750.720.850'], ['D02.092.211.215.801.852', 'D03.633.100.473.914.814', 'D23.469.050.650'], ['D27.505.519.625.850.800', 'D27.505.696.577.850.800']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
ATP induces the release of IL-1 from LPS-primed cells in vivo.
|
The secretion of IL-1 from murine macrophages in vitro is an inefficient process that is distinct from those of other cytokines such as IL-6. We have therefore studied this process in vivo to see if these differences are maintained. Intraperitoneal injection of LPS in mice induced production and release of IL-6 into the extracellular fluid (peritoneal lavage). Although induction of intracellular IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta was readily detected, these cytokines were not detected extracellularly. Injection of ATP 2 h after LPS led to the rapid extracellular release of IL-1 beta, IL-1 alpha, lactate dehydrogenase, and beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase. Western blot analysis revealed that a large proportion of the IL-1 beta was released as the 17-kDa form, whereas IL-1 alpha was unprocessed. Adenosine 5'-O-(3-thiotriphosphate) was also effective in causing IL-1 release but not UTP or ADP. This suggests that the ATP-mediated release of IL-1 is a receptor-mediated phenomenon that is associated with cell lysis.
|
['Acetylglucosaminidase', 'Adenosine Triphosphate', 'Animals', 'Blotting, Western', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay', 'Interleukin-1', 'L-Lactate Dehydrogenase', 'Lipopolysaccharides', 'Macrophages, Peritoneal', 'Male', 'Mice']
| 7,876,552
|
[['D08.811.277.450.483.180.500'], ['D03.633.100.759.646.138.236', 'D13.695.667.138.236', 'D13.695.827.068.236'], ['B01.050'], ['E05.196.401.143', 'E05.301.300.096', 'E05.478.566.320.200', 'E05.601.262', 'E05.601.470.320.200'], ['A11.251'], ['E05.478.566.350.170', 'E05.478.566.380.360', 'E05.478.583.400.170', 'E05.601.470.350.170', 'E05.601.470.380.360'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.010', 'D12.644.276.374.500.400', 'D12.776.467.374.465.010', 'D12.776.467.374.500.400', 'D23.529.374.465.131', 'D23.529.374.500.400'], ['D08.811.682.047.551.400', 'D08.811.682.047.820.493'], ['D09.400.500', 'D09.698.718.450', 'D10.494', 'D23.050.161.616.525', 'D23.946.123.329.500'], ['A11.329.372.630', 'A11.627.482.630', 'A11.733.397.630', 'A15.382.670.522.630', 'A15.382.680.397.630'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Surrogate Motherhood and Woman Dignity].
|
Motherhood by subrogation is an issue that directly affects human rights and, ultimately, human dignity. Therefore, if we want to give an adequate response to this issue, it is essential to reflect on how this practice affects the dignity and rights of the people involved in it and, more specifically, the pregnant mother. This study tries to show how in relation to the latter, maternity by subrogation directly contradicts some basic requirements of human dignity, since it reifies, instrumentalizes, convert into an object of commerce, and disregards the personal uniqueness of pregnant women.
|
['Female', 'Human Rights', 'Humans', 'Personhood', 'Pregnancy', 'Pregnant Women', 'Surrogate Mothers']
| 28,621,959
|
[['I01.880.604.473', 'N03.706.437'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['K01.752.566.479.660', 'N05.350.917'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['M01.975.807'], ['F01.829.263.500.320.892', 'I01.880.853.150.500.340.892', 'M01.620.892']]
|
['Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Expression of agouti-related peptide, neuropeptide Y, pro-opiomelanocortin and the leptin receptor isoforms in fetal mouse brain from pregnant dams on a protein-restricted diet.
|
Expression of agouti-related peptide, neuropeptide Y, pro-opiomelanocortin and leptin receptor isoforms were found in fetal mouse brain at embryonic day 12 (E12). Levels of expression for these genes were altered in brains of E12 fetuses from pregnant dams on a protein-restricted diet, suggesting that the fetal brain is responsive to changes in maternal nutrition prior to birth.
|
['Agouti-Related Protein', 'Animals', 'Brain', 'Diet, Protein-Restricted', 'Female', 'Fetus', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental', 'Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins', 'Mice', 'Neuropeptide Y', 'Pregnancy', 'Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects', 'Pro-Opiomelanocortin', 'Proteins', 'Receptors, Cell Surface', 'Receptors, Leptin']
| 16,099,070
|
[['D12.644.276.074', 'D12.776.467.074', 'D23.529.074'], ['B01.050'], ['A08.186.211'], ['E02.642.249.280', 'G07.203.650.240.280'], ['A16.378'], ['G05.308.310'], ['D12.644.276', 'D12.776.467', 'D23.529'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['D12.644.400.500', 'D12.776.631.650.500'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['C13.703.824.500'], ['D06.472.699.327.935', 'D06.472.699.631.525.600', 'D12.644.400.400.935', 'D12.644.548.365.935', 'D12.644.548.691.525.690', 'D12.776.631.650.405.935', 'D12.776.811.800'], ['D12.776'], ['D12.776.543.750'], ['D12.776.543.750.650.500']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Reduction of maternal adrenal steroids results in increased VEGF protein without increased eNOS in the ovine placenta.
|
Fetal sheep studies have shown that reduced maternal cortisol or aldosterone levels alter placental morphology, with a reduction in placental blood flow. We have now tested the hypothesis that changes in placental morphology with relative adrenal hypoadrenalism are associated with changes in vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). Four groups of late gestation pregnant ewes with singleton fetuses were studied; controls (intact adrenals), normal cortisol and aldosterone (ewes adrenalectomized and replaced with normal cortisol and aldosterone levels), low cortisol (ewes adrenalectomized and replaced with low cortisol levels), and low aldosterone (ewes adrenalectomized and replaced with low aldosterone levels). The placenta was categorized into A, B, C or D type placentomes. There were significantly more B and C type placentomes in the adrenalectomized groups than in controls. Overall, B types had more VEGF mRNA than A types. VEGF protein levels corresponding to a 23 kDa band were highest in low aldosterone animals in A and C type placentomes. VEGF protein levels corresponding to a 47 kDa band were higher in C type placentomes than A types; protein levels were also higher overall in low cortisol animals compared to controls. Fetoplacental eNOS protein levels were lower in the adrenalectomized groups than in controls. In conclusion, our results indicate that increases in cotyledonary VEGF(164) protein were associated with fetal tissue overgrowth in the placenta when the pregnancy-induced increase in adrenal steroids was prevented in the ewe. However, cotyledonary eNOS protein was suppressed with reduced maternal adrenal steroids, which is consistent with the reduced placental perfusion previously observed in this model.
|
['Aldosterone', 'Animals', 'Female', 'Hydrocortisone', 'Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III', 'Placenta', 'Pregnancy', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Sheep, Domestic', 'Up-Regulation', 'Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A']
| 17,113,146
|
[['D04.210.500.745.745.654.062', 'D06.472.040.585.353.118'], ['B01.050'], ['D04.210.500.745.745.654.600', 'D06.472.040.585.353.476', 'D06.472.040.585.478.392'], ['D08.811.682.664.500.772.750'], ['A16.710'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.791.150'], ['G02.111.905', 'G05.308.850', 'G07.690.773.998'], ['D12.644.276.100.800.200', 'D12.776.467.100.800.200', 'D23.529.100.800.200']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Assessing HIV testing and linkage to care activities and providing academic support to public health authorities in Houston, TX.
|
BACKGROUND: Health departments often have little knowledge of HIV testing and linkage activities outside of those they directly fund. Many health departments also have limited access to outside academic expertise.METHODS: We conducted a survey of health organizations in the Houston/Harris County region to determine the number of HIV tests completed in 2011, activities that organizations conducted to promote linkage to care for persons newly diagnosed with HIV, and barriers to linkage to care. We also convened a Scientific Advisory Council to advise the local health department on HIV prevention activities.RESULTS: In 2012, 55 of 84 organizations (65.5%) completed the survey and 43 of those 55 organizations reported conducting HIV testing, so were included in this analysis. Organizations reported conducting 210,565 HIV tests in 2011 and 50.9% under health department contract. The median number of tests per organization was 1045 (interquartile ratio: 159-3520). More than 90% of the organizations used active linkage to care methods, but only 46.5% had written linkage to care protocols. Barriers to linkage to care most often reported were client refusal followed by staff capacity and funding limitations. The Scientific Advisory Council provided valuable informal expertise to the local health department.CONCLUSIONS: Half of the HIV testing in the Houston/Harris County region is conducted without local health department funding, and half the organizations conducting HIV testing have linkage to care protocols. The findings of the study and Scientific Advisory Council advice have helped the health department with policy, procedures, evaluation tools, and technical assistance offerings.
|
['AIDS Serodiagnosis', 'HIV Infections', 'Health Care Surveys', 'Health Personnel', 'Health Policy', 'Health Services Accessibility', 'Humans', 'Mass Screening', 'Public Health', 'Texas', 'Workforce']
| 24,126,451
|
[['E01.370.225.812.735.060', 'E01.370.225.875.408.500', 'E05.200.812.735.060', 'E05.200.875.408.500', 'E05.478.594.760.060'], ['C01.221.250.875', 'C01.221.812.640.400', 'C01.778.640.400', 'C01.925.782.815.616.400', 'C01.925.813.400', 'C20.673.480'], ['E05.318.308.980.344', 'N03.349.380.210', 'N05.425.210', 'N05.715.360.300.800.344', 'N06.850.520.308.980.344'], ['M01.526.485', 'N02.360'], ['I01.655.500.608.400', 'I01.880.604.825.608.400', 'N03.623.500.608.428'], ['N04.590.374.350', 'N05.300.430'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.500', 'E05.318.308.980.438.580', 'N02.421.726.233.443', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.580', 'N06.850.780.500'], ['H02.403.720', 'N01.400.550', 'N06.850'], ['Z01.107.567.875.760.750'], ['N04.452.525']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Effects of cranial radiation on hearing in children with acute lymphocytic leukemia.
|
We serially assessed the hearing sensitivity of 61 children with acute lymphocytic leukemia who were admitted to our Total Therapy IX study between December, 1975, and July, 1977. Their treatment included combined chemotherapy, 2,400 rads of cranial radiation, and intrathecal methotrexate. Subjects initially received an otologic examination and middle ear function testing. Audiometric testing was not done until ears were free of outer or middle ear pathology. If the child had no outer or middle ear disease, audiometric thresholds were obtained for the test frequencies: 500, 1,000, 2,000, 4,000, 6,000, and 8,000 Hz. Pure-tone thresholds were obtained before irradiation (61 patients) and at 6, 12, and 36 months thereafter (49, 46, and 22 patients, respectively). The median age at time of baseline testing was 10 years, 2 months. A paired sample test based on group data was used to test whether there were any significant changes from the threshold values at 6, 12, and 36 months after irradiation. Thresholds were not significantly affected for any test frequency at any test time. Assessments of individual audiograms indicated that none of the children had any significant reductions in hearing levels at the end of the third year after cranial irradiation.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Audiometry, Pure-Tone', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Cobalt Radioisotopes', 'Hearing', 'Hearing Loss, Sensorineural', 'Humans', 'Leukemia, Lymphoid', 'Radiation Injuries', 'Skull']
| 6,928,463
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['E01.370.382.375.060.055'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['D01.268.556.185.500.354', 'D01.268.956.155.500.354', 'D01.496.239.354', 'D01.496.749.256', 'D01.552.544.185.500.354'], ['F02.830.816.263', 'G07.888.500', 'G11.561.790.263'], ['C09.218.458.341.887', 'C10.597.751.418.341.887', 'C23.888.592.763.393.341.887'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.557.337.428', 'C15.604.515.560', 'C20.683.515.528'], ['C26.733', 'G01.750.748.500', 'N06.850.460.350.850.500', 'N06.850.810.300.360'], ['A02.835.232.781']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Cyclic tensile force up-regulates BMP-2 expression through MAP kinase and COX-2/PGE2 signaling pathways in human periodontal ligament cells.
|
Periodontal ligament cells play important roles in the homeostasis of periodontal tissue by mechanical stress derived from mastication, such as tension, compression, fluid shear, and hydrostatic force. In the present study, we showed that cyclic tensile force increased the gene expression level of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2, a crucial regulator of mineralization, in human periodontal ligament cells using real-time PCR. Signaling inhibitors, PD98059/U0126 (extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) inhibitors) and SB203580/SB202190 (p38 inhibitors), revealed that tensile force-mediated BMP-2 expression was dependent on activation of the ERK1/2 and p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase pathways. Cyclic tensile force also induced cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) gene expression in a manner dependent on ERK1/2 and p38 MAP kinase pathways, and induced prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) biosynthesis. NS-398, a COX-2 inhibitor, significantly reduced tensile force-mediated BMP-2 expression, indicating that PGE2 synthesized by COX-2 may be involved in the BMP-2 induction. The inhibitory effect of NS-398 was completely restored by the addition of exogenous PGE2. However, stimulation with PGE2 alone in the absence of tensile force had no effect on the BMP-2 induction, indicating that some critical molecule(s) other than COX-2/PGE2 may be required for cyclic tensile force-mediated BMP-2 induction. Collectively, the results indicate that cyclic tensile force activates ERK1/2 and p38 MAP kinase signaling pathways, and induces COX-2 expression, which is responsible for the sequential PGE2 biosynthesis and release, and furthermore, mediates the increase in BMP-2 expression at the transcriptional level.
|
['Adult', 'Bite Force', 'Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2', 'Butadienes', 'Calcification, Physiologic', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Cyclooxygenase 2', 'Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors', 'Dinoprostone', 'Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases', 'Female', 'Flavonoids', 'Humans', 'Imidazoles', 'Male', 'Mastication', 'Molar, Third', 'Nitriles', 'Nitrobenzenes', 'Periodontal Ligament', 'Protein Kinase Inhibitors', 'Pyridines', 'Signal Transduction', 'Stress, Physiological', 'Sulfonamides', 'Up-Regulation', 'Young Adult', 'p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases']
| 24,561,081
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E06.276.125'], ['D12.644.276.954.200.200', 'D12.776.467.942.200.200', 'D23.529.942.200.200'], ['D02.455.326.271.665.146.240'], ['G07.345.155.500', 'G07.345.500.325.377.625.050.500.175', 'G11.427.578.050.500.175'], ['A11.251'], ['D08.811.600.720.750'], ['D27.505.519.389.310', 'D27.505.696.663.850.014.040.500.500', 'D27.505.954.158.030.500', 'D27.505.954.329.030.500'], ['D10.251.355.255.550.250.200', 'D23.469.050.175.725.250.200'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.567.249', 'D12.644.360.450.169', 'D12.776.476.450.169'], ['D03.383.663.283.266.450', 'D03.633.100.150.266.450'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D03.383.129.308'], ['G07.203.650.283.500', 'G10.261.330.500'], ['A14.549.167.860.525.500'], ['D02.626'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.565', 'D02.640.529'], ['A14.549.167.646.771'], ['D27.505.519.389.755'], ['D03.383.725'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['G07.775'], ['D02.065.884', 'D02.886.590.700'], ['G02.111.905', 'G05.308.850', 'G07.690.773.998'], ['M01.060.116.815'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.567.843', 'D12.644.360.450.835', 'D12.776.476.450.835']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
A psychoeducational program for caregivers of the chronic mentally ill residing in community residencies.
|
The objective of this study was to develop a psychoeducational program for caregivers of the chronically mentally ill residing in community residencies. An evaluative component was added to determine how well the program was received by caregivers and what impact the program had on the residents. A total of 20 caregivers and 63 residents participated in the program. In general, the psychoeducational program was well received by the caregivers. They especially liked the mental health component and opportunity to meet and interact with other caregivers. There was a significant drop in hospital admissions following the program. There was also improvement in a number of quality of life activities such as trips to the local coffee shop and mall.
|
['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Caregivers', 'Education', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Maryland', 'Mental Disorders', 'Middle Aged', 'Outcome Assessment, Health Care', 'Psychotic Disorders', 'Residential Facilities', 'Schizophrenia']
| 9,693,867
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['M01.085', 'M01.526.485.200', 'N02.360.200'], ['I02'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.107.567.875.075.418', 'Z01.107.567.875.500.500'], ['F03'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['H01.770.644.145.431', 'N04.761.559.590', 'N05.715.360.575.575'], ['F03.700.675'], ['J03.775', 'N02.278.825'], ['F03.700.750']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Chromosome 1q loss of heterozygosity frequently occurs in sporadic insulinomas and is associated with tumor malignancy.
|
The pathogenesis of sporadic insulinomas is not clear, and there are no reliable genetic determinants that are useful to distinguish malignant and benign forms of this tumor. It was reported that 1q LOH might contribute to pathogenesis in gastrinomas and was correlated with tumor progression. However, little data are available on 1q LOH in sporadic insulinomas. In our study, we determine whether 1q LOH occurs in sporadic insulinomas and is associated with tumor malignancy by performing 1q allelotyping with 17 markers in 40 tumors and pair normal DNA. Thirty-five (88%) insulinomas had 1q LOH. Of the 35 insulinomas with 1q LOH, 14 (40%) had 1q21.3-23.2 LOH over a 7.5 cM region (SRO-1), whereas LOH in 21 tumors (60%) occurred at 1q31.3 over an 11.4 cM area (SRO-2). Of 24 tumors without MEN1 LOH, 20 had either SRO-1 or SRO-2 LOH (83%), whereas in 16 tumors with MEN1 LOH, 9 were shown to have LOH at either SRO-1 or SRO-2 (56%) (p = 0.065). This result suggests that LOH at 2 SRO might be MEN1 gene independent and may contribute to the pathogenesis in a subset of insulinomas without MEN1 gene LOH. The presence of 1q21.3-23.2 LOH is significantly associated with malignancy of insulinomas (p = 0.014). The high frequency of LOH at 1q 21.3-23.2 and 1q31.3 suggests these 2 areas may harbor putative tumor suppressor genes that may play an important role in the tumorigenesis of a subset of insulinomas. LOH at 1q21.3-23.2, which was associated with tumor malignancy, could be one of the genetic markers for identifying malignancy in sporadic insulinomas.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Chromosome Mapping', 'Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1', 'DNA, Neoplasm', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Insulin', 'Insulinoma', 'Loss of Heterozygosity', 'Male', 'Microsatellite Repeats', 'Middle Aged', 'Pancreatic Neoplasms']
| 15,900,598
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E05.393.183'], ['A11.284.187.520.300.235.240', 'G05.360.162.520.300.235.240'], ['D13.444.308.425'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D06.472.699.587.200.500.625', 'D12.644.548.586.200.500.625'], ['C04.557.470.035.100.852', 'C04.588.274.761.249.500', 'C04.588.322.475.249.500', 'C06.301.761.249.500', 'C06.689.667.249.500', 'C19.344.421.249.500'], ['G05.365.590.029.530'], ['G02.111.570.080.708.800.500', 'G05.360.080.708.800.500', 'G05.360.340.024.850.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04.588.274.761', 'C04.588.322.475', 'C06.301.761', 'C06.689.667', 'C19.344.421']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
[The role of ultrasonic and cytogenetic markers in prenatal diagnostics].
|
As a result of leadthrough 288 invasive manipulations with the use of cytogenetic and molecular-cytogenetic methods we have found 16 different disorders in the fetus karyotype of the expectant mothers of high risk groups. For the most part the Down syndrome and the Shereshevsky-Therner syndrome were detected among aneuploidies. The maximal amount of anomalous karyotypes (28.6%) was detected at the pregnants with congenital malformations in the fetus. The proofs of the increased frequencies of some chromosome homologue heteromorphisms were got in the group of patients where the so-called "soft markers" of aneuploidies or their combination with biochemical markers were used as supposition for the invasive procedure. The echographic screening proved to be the most informative method among the different approaches to the formation of the groups of the high genetic risk.
|
['Amniocentesis', 'Biomarkers', 'Chromosome Disorders', 'Cytogenetic Analysis', 'Female', 'Fetal Diseases', 'Gestational Age', 'Humans', 'Pregnancy', 'Prenatal Diagnosis', 'Ultrasonography, Prenatal']
| 17,243,374
|
[['E01.370.225.500.384.050', 'E01.370.225.998.329.309', 'E01.370.378.630.050', 'E04.665.600.309', 'E05.200.500.384.050', 'E05.200.998.329.309', 'E05.242.384.050'], ['D23.101'], ['C16.131.260', 'C16.320.180'], ['E01.370.225.500.385', 'E05.200.500.385', 'E05.242.385', 'E05.393.285'], ['C13.703.277', 'C16.300'], ['G07.345.500.325.235.968', 'G08.686.320'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['E01.370.378.630'], ['E01.370.350.850.865', 'E01.370.378.630.865']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
CAR-3, a monoclonal antibody-defined antigen expressed on human carcinomas.
|
Several monoclonal antibodies were raised against the human epidermoid carcinoma line A 431. The antibody produced by clone AR-3, when tested in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, was found to react with the cell line used as immunogen, the human gastric carcinoma line KATO III, the colon carcinoma line HT29, and the ovarian carcinoma line SW626. This monoclonal antibody was found unreactive when tested on human peripheral blood leukocytes or on a number of normal or neoplastic cell lines. The antibody precipitated a high-molecular-weight glycosylated component. When tested on paraffin sections by the avidin:biotin: peroxidase method, the AR-3 antibody stained pancreatic (6:7), gastric (11:14), ovarian (5:6), colon (4:8), endometrial (4:6), and cervical (4:7) carcinomas. A small minority of carcinomas of other organs was also stained. Sarcomas, lymphomas, and other tumors of nonepithelial origin were constantly negative. Staining of some normal epithelial cells was also observed. Among the fetal tissue tested, the antibody reacted with pancreatic ducts and the small intestine. The antibody recognized metastatic carcinoma cells in peritoneal effusions. On the basis of its tissue distribution, the antigenic determinant defined by the AR-3 monoclonal antibody was called CAR-3. The monoclonal AR-3 did not cross-react with partially purified preparations of carcinoembryonic antigen, gastrointestinal carcinoma antigen, or the human milk fat globule antigen. The AR-3 MAb appear, thus, to broaden the number of available reagents for histopathological diagnosis of carcinomas.
|
['Animals', 'Antibodies, Monoclonal', 'Antigens, Neoplasm', 'Antigens, Surface', 'Carcinoembryonic Antigen', 'Cell Line', 'Epitopes', 'Gastrointestinal Neoplasms', 'Humans', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred BALB C', 'Neoplasms']
| 2,413,998
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224'], ['D23.050.285'], ['D23.050.301'], ['D12.776.395.550.200.210', 'D12.776.543.550.200.210', 'D23.050.285.329', 'D23.050.301.350.210', 'D23.101.140.300'], ['A11.251.210'], ['D23.050.550'], ['C04.588.274.476', 'C06.301.371', 'C06.405.249'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.338', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.338'], ['C04']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Causes of vision impairment and assessment of need for low vision services for students of blind schools in Nepal.
|
BACKGROUND: The present study is first of its kind to evaluate causes of visual impairment of blind students in Nepal and assess their need for low vision rehabilitation services.AIM: To evaluate causes of vision impairment of students enrolled in blind schools in Nepal and assess the need for low vision rehabilitation services in these students.MATERIALS AND METHODS: A survey was conducted in 12 blind schools in Nepal, which were registered with Nepal Association for Welfare of Blindness (NAWB).It was conducted by a team of an ophthalmologist and an optometrist, by using standard eye examination protocols of the World Health Organization Prevention of Blindness Program (WHO/PBL).RESULTS: Of the 345 students enrolled in 12 schools, 285 students were examined (response rate of 82.61%). The students were in the 5 - 29 years age group. Nearly three-fourth of the children had become blind within one year of age and 52.3% visually impaired at birth and 20.7% developed vision impairment within one year of age. After refraction, 26 students (9.12%) had mild visual impairment, 21 students (7.37%) had severe visual impairment and 238 students (83.51%) were blind. The main cause of vision impairment was found to be corneal 35.79% and retina diseases, mainly dystrophy, 20.35% followed by problems with the whole globe, lens and optic nerve, accounting for 13.33%, 12.63% and 12.98% respectively. The major etiological factors were those of childhood such as Vitamin A deficiency, measles and similar causes (42.11%) followed by hereditary causes (25.26%). Of the total students examined, 48.07% were visually impaired due to preventable causes and 16.14% treatable aggregating to 64.21% of avoidable blindness. Fifty seven (28.22%) students could read smaller than 2 M print size after low vision assessment for near and 33(15.78%) students benefited with telescopic trial for distance low vision.CONCLUSION: In Nepal, renewed focus on providing best possible quality of life for visually impaired children by proper low vision assessment and eye health education focusing on, general public and community health workers, with governmental and institutional support is required to achieve Vision 2020 objectives to decrease childhood blindness.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Eyeglasses', 'Female', 'Health Surveys', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Nepal', 'Quality of Life', 'Vision Disorders', 'Vision, Low', 'Visually Impaired Persons', 'Young Adult']
| 19,483,452
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['E07.632.500.300'], ['E05.318.308.980.438', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.252.245.674'], ['I01.800', 'K01.752.400.750', 'N06.850.505.400.425.837'], ['C10.597.751.941', 'C11.966', 'C23.888.592.763.941'], ['C10.597.751.941.905', 'C11.966.905', 'C23.888.592.763.941.848'], ['M01.150.850'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Immunohistological detection of human cytotoxic/suppressor T cells using antibodies to a CD8 peptide sequence.
|
AIMS: To evaluate whether cytotoxic/suppressor T cells can be detected in paraffin wax embedded human tissue samples using antibodies to a synthetic CD8 peptide sequence.METHODS: Polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies were raised against a 13 amino acid peptide sequence from the cytoplasmic portion of the alpha chain of the human CD8 molecule.RESULTS: These antibodies specifically detected the native form of the CD8 polypeptide when tested by immunoprecipitation with radiolabelled T cells, and gave the expected staining pattern for cytotoxic/suppressor T cells in cryostat sections. Being raised in rabbits, the polyclonal antibodies were also useful for double labelling for CD8 in conjunction with monoclonal antibodies. CD8 positive cells could also be detected in paraffin wax embedded tissues. This was achieved without prior treatment of the sections if the tissue had been fixed in Bouin's fixative. When tissues had been exposed to conventional formalin fixation, preliminary microwave treatment was required.CONCLUSIONS: These findings provide further evidence that antibodies against leucocyte associated antigens, capable of reacting on paraffin wax embedded tissue, can be produced by immunisation with synthetic peptide sequences.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Antibodies, Monoclonal', 'CD8 Antigens', 'Humans', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Palatine Tonsil', 'Spleen', 'T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic', 'T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory']
| 1,479,035
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224'], ['D23.050.301.264.894.108', 'D23.101.100.894.108'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['A04.623.603.925', 'A10.549.580', 'A14.724.603.925', 'A15.382.520.604.580'], ['A10.549.700', 'A15.382.520.604.700'], ['A11.118.637.555.283.875', 'A11.118.637.555.567.550.500.200', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.220.200', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.500.200', 'A15.145.229.637.555.283.875', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.550.500.200', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.220.200', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.500.200', 'A15.382.490.555.283.875', 'A15.382.490.555.567.550.500.200', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.220.200', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.500.200'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.550.500.700', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.200.700', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.500.700', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.550.500.700', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.200.700', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.500.700', 'A15.382.490.555.567.550.500.700', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.200.700', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.500.700']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Determination of the exercise intensity corresponding with maximal lactate steady state in high-level basketball players.
|
The purpose of the present study was to define the maximal lactate steady state (MLSSmeas) in high-level male basketball players and to compare it with the lactate turnpoint (LTP) and the respective point derived form a prediction method (MLSScal). Twelve high-level basketball players underwent one maximal and several submaximal tests on a treadmill on different days where MLSS and LTP were measured. MLSSmeas was observed at 75% of the maximal treadmill speed, at 77% of VO2max, at 88% of HRmax and at [La-] of 3.7 mmol.l-1. No differences were observed between MLSSmeas and LTP in any of the measured variables. A good agreement was observed between MLSSmeas and LTP, as well as between MLSSmeas and MLSScal. Therefore, LTP and MLSScal are offered as acceptable approaches to predict MLSS, but not all the indices used to define MLSS presents high agreement between the methods used.
|
['Adult', 'Athletes', 'Basketball', 'Exercise Test', 'Humans', 'Lactic Acid', 'Male', 'Oxygen Consumption']
| 30,126,295
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.072'], ['I03.450.642.845.117'], ['E01.370.370.380.250', 'E01.370.386.700.250', 'E05.333.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D02.241.511.459.450'], ['G03.680']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
[Simple dynamic model of the human blood pressure regulatory system as based on the orthostatic load sequence].
|
The two statistical parameter estimation methods, the recursive least squares and the recursive generalized least squares, are dealt with briefly. An additional noncorrelated disturbance is necessary for unbiased parameter estimation in the closed-loop system. The disturbance is realized by an orthostatic load sequence shaped according to the experimental programme. Men and women were subjected to head-up tilt between 10 degrees and 55 degrees. The disturbance, mean blood pressure and heart rate were measured. These discrete data were used for parameter estimation of transfer functions.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Blood Pressure', 'Blood Pressure Determination', 'Female', 'Heart Rate', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Models, Biological', 'Posture', 'Temporal Arteries']
| 1,022,134
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['E01.370.600.875.249', 'G09.330.380.076'], ['E01.370.370.140', 'E01.370.600.100'], ['E01.370.600.875.500', 'G09.330.380.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.599.395'], ['G11.427.695'], ['A07.015.114.228.868']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
XPF polymorphism toward lung cancer susceptibility and survival in patients treated with platinum-based chemotherapy.
|
AIM: To evaluate the association of three XPF polymorphic variants (673 C>T, 11985 A>G, G415A) with lung cancer, overall survival and clinical response in North Indians.METHODS: Genotyping was performed using PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism.RESULTS: A total of 673 C>T polymorphism was associated with 1.5-fold increased lung cancer risk for heterozygous genotype (CT; p = 0.03). Adenocarcinoma patients with 673 C>T polymorphism carrying heterozygous genotype (CT) had a lower hazard ratio (p = 0.01). Classification and regression tree analysis predicted XPF 673 C>T (M) as the strongest risk factor for the lung cancer (p = 0.003). For 11985 A>G polymorphism, lung cancer subjects treated with irinotecan cisplatin/carboplatin regimen having heterozygous genotype (AG) was associated with high mortality risk (p = 0.0001).CONCLUSION: 673 C>T polymorphism was associated with increased lung cancer risk.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Carboplatin', 'Cisplatin', 'DNA-Binding Proteins', 'Disease-Free Survival', 'Female', 'Genetic Association Studies', 'Genetic Predisposition to Disease', 'Humans', 'Lung Neoplasms', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide', 'Prognosis']
| 29,741,112
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D02.257.125'], ['D01.210.375', 'D01.625.125', 'D01.710.100'], ['D12.776.260'], ['E01.789.800.190', 'E05.318.740.998.300', 'N04.761.559.590.800.190', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800.190', 'N05.715.360.750.795.300', 'N06.850.520.830.998.300'], ['E05.393.385'], ['C23.550.291.687.500', 'G05.380.355'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.588.894.797.520', 'C08.381.540', 'C08.785.520'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G05.365.795.598'], ['E01.789']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Foci of stromal melanocytes (so-called blue naevus) of the uterine cervix in Japanese women.
|
Foci of stromal melanocytes (FSM) of the uterine cervix have been known as extra-cutaneous "blue naevus". However macroscopic and histological findings suggest that FSM of the cervix are analogous to dermal melanocytosis, rather than to cutaneous blue naevus and the lesions are more appropriately called stromal melanocytosis. FSM of the cervix have been considered rare, but our study showed that they are not uncommon in Japanese women occurring in 8.6% (42/486). The lesions were initially observed in the third decade of life and became most prevalent in the fifth decade (15/86 cases, 17.4%). In stroma of the cervix, stromal melanocytes (SM) were present where many peripheral nerve fibres were seen. SM of the cervix were positive for S-100 protein in immunohistochemical studies and were sometimes observed close to peripheral nerve fibres. Melanocytes were never observed in the ectocervical and endocervical epithelium, but only in the stroma of the cervix. We suggest that malignant melanoma of the uterine cervix may originate from SM.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Infant', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Japan', 'Melanocytes', 'Melanoma', 'Middle Aged', 'Nevus, Pigmented', 'S100 Proteins', 'Uterine Cervical Neoplasms']
| 2,024,454
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['M01.060.703'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['Z01.252.474.463', 'Z01.639.595'], ['A11.409.750', 'A11.436.613'], ['C04.557.465.625.650.510', 'C04.557.580.625.650.510', 'C04.557.665.510'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04.557.665.560.615'], ['D12.776.157.125.750', 'D12.776.631.655'], ['C04.588.945.418.948.850', 'C13.351.500.852.593.131', 'C13.351.500.852.762.850', 'C13.351.937.418.875.850']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
|
An efficient method for the extraction of high-quality fungal total RNA to study the Mycosphaerella fijiensis-Musa spp. Interaction.
|
Efficient RNA isolation is a prerequisite for gene expression studies and it has an increasingly important role in the study of plant-fungal pathogen interactions. However, RNA isolation is difficult in filamentous fungi. These organisms are notorious for their rigid cell walls and the presence of high levels of carbohydrates, excreted from the fungal cells during submerged growth, which interferes with the extraction procedures. Although many commercial kits are already available for RNA isolation, they do not provide, in most cases, enough amount of pure RNA to be used in upstream applications. In the present work, we propose an easy and efficient protocol for isolating total RNA from the filamentous fungus Mycosphaerella fijiensis, the most important foliar pathogen of Musa spp. varieties worldwide. In addition, we applied the proposed protocol to the isolation of total RNA from banana leaves infected with the pathogen. Our methodology was developed based on the SDS method with modifications including a carbohydrate precipitation step. The protocol resulted in high-quality total RNA, from fungal mycelium grown in PDB medium and infected banana leaves, suitable for further molecular studies. The proposed methodology is also applicable to the ascomycete fungus Passalora fulva (syn. Cladosporum fulvum).
|
['Ascomycota', 'Host-Pathogen Interactions', 'Molecular Biology', 'Musa', 'Mycelium', 'Plant Diseases', 'Plant Leaves', 'RNA, Fungal']
| 18,679,833
|
[['B01.300.107'], ['G06.462', 'G16.527.200'], ['H01.158.201.636', 'H01.158.273.343.595', 'H01.181.122.650'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.618.937.555.500'], ['A19.687'], ['G15.610'], ['A18.024.812'], ['D13.444.735.500']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Changes in the extracellular pH value and its effect on the intracellular pH value of tissues].
|
The behavior of intracellular pH in different tissues during variation of plasma pH by respiratory and metabolic changes was studied in nephrectomized, unrestrained male Sprague-Dawley rats. The following conclusions can be made: pHi is influenced by respiratory and non-respiratory disturbances of the extracellular acid-base status. pHi is different in different tissues at specified pHe. Skeletal muscle is well protected against slight acidosis because pHi remains constant in a certain range. Our further investigations referred to: Influence of a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor (Diamox) on intracellular tissue pH in vitro and in vivo; Intra-/extracellular tris distribution in tissues at different extracellular pH in vivo; Influence of tris and bicarbonate infusion on intracellular bicarbonate of the whole animal and on intracellular tissue pH in vivo. All these results show that bicarbonate is the more effective substance for correction of metabolic acidosis and should be preferred in clinical practice.
|
['Acid-Base Equilibrium', 'Acidosis', 'Acidosis, Respiratory', 'Alkalosis', 'Animals', 'Bicarbonates', 'Body Fluids', 'Brain', 'Carbon Dioxide', 'Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors', 'Extracellular Space', 'Humans', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Intracellular Fluid', 'Liver', 'Male', 'Muscles', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Strains', 'Spleen', 'Tromethamine']
| 6,423,502
|
[['G02.111.007', 'G02.300.176', 'G03.030', 'G07.410.110', 'G09.188.050'], ['C18.452.076.176'], ['C08.618.846.093', 'C18.452.076.176.310'], ['C18.452.076.354'], ['B01.050'], ['D01.200.275.150.100', 'D01.248.497.158.165.100'], ['A12.207'], ['A08.186.211'], ['D01.200.200', 'D01.362.150', 'D01.650.550.200'], ['D27.505.519.389.200'], ['A10.082.500', 'A11.284.295'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G02.300'], ['A11.284.430.429', 'A11.284.835.450', 'A12.207.515'], ['A03.620'], ['A02.633', 'A10.690'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400'], ['A10.549.700', 'A15.382.520.604.700'], ['D02.033.455.706.900']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Chronic kidney disease and diabetes associated with long-term outcomes in patients receiving percutaneous coronary intervention.
|
BACKGROUND: The effect of diabetes mellitus (DM) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) on long-term outcomes in patients receiving percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is unclear.METHODS: A total of 1394 patients who underwent PCI were prospectively enrolled and divided into 4 groups according to the presence or absence of DM or CKD. Baseline characteristics, risk factors, medications, and angiographic findings were compared. Determinants of long-term outcomes in patients undergoing PCI were analyzed.RESULTS: Patients with DM and CKD had the highest all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality (both P < 0.01) but there were no differences existed in myocardial infarction (MI) or repeated PCI among the 4 groups (P = 0.19, P = 0.87, respectively). Patients with DM and CKD had the lowest even-free rate of all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, MI, and repeated PCI (P < 0.001, P < 0.001, P < 0.001, and P = 0.002, respectively). In the Cox proportional hazard model, patients with both DM and CKD had the highest risk of all-cause mortality (HR: 3.25, 95% CI: 1.85-5.59), cardiovascular mortality (HR: 3.58, 95% CI: 1.97-6.49), MI (HR: 2.43, 95% CI: 1.23-4.08), and repeated PCI (HR: 1.79, 95% CI: 1.33-2.41). Patients with CKD alone had the second highest risk of all-cause mortality (HR: 2.04, 95% CI: 1.15-3.63), cardiovascular mortality (HR: 2.13, 95% CI: 1.13-4.01), and repeated PCI (HR: 1.47, 95% CI: 1.09-1.97).CONCLUSIONS: DM and CKD had additive effect on adverse long-term outcomes in patients receiving PCI; CKD was a more significant adverse predictor than DM.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Blood Glucose', 'Cause of Death', 'Comorbidity', 'Coronary Angiography', 'Diabetes Mellitus', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Glomerular Filtration Rate', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Myocardial Infarction', 'Percutaneous Coronary Intervention', 'Prospective Studies', 'Renal Insufficiency, Chronic', 'Risk Assessment', 'Risk Factors', 'Stents', 'Stroke Volume', 'Survival Rate', 'Taiwan', 'Time Factors', 'Ventriculography, First-Pass']
| 28,893,175
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['D09.947.875.359.448.500'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.250', 'N01.224.935.698.100', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.250', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.250'], ['N05.715.350.225', 'N06.850.490.687'], ['E01.370.350.130.625', 'E01.370.350.700.060.200', 'E01.370.370.050.200', 'E01.370.370.380.200'], ['C18.452.394.750', 'C19.246'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['E01.370.390.400.300', 'G08.852.357'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C14.280.647.500', 'C14.907.585.500', 'C23.550.513.355.750', 'C23.550.717.489.750'], ['E04.100.814.529.968', 'E04.502.382.968'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['C12.777.419.780.750', 'C13.351.968.419.780.750'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.715', 'N04.452.871.715', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.690', 'N06.850.505.715', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.715'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['E07.695.750'], ['E01.370.370.380.150.700', 'G09.330.380.124.882'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.900', 'N01.224.935.698.826', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.900', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.900'], ['Z01.252.474.872', 'Z01.639.850'], ['G01.910.857'], ['E01.370.350.130.937.950', 'E01.370.350.710.715.710.950', 'E01.370.370.050.650.650.950', 'E01.370.370.380.710.950', 'E01.370.384.730.715.710.950']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
hsa‑miR‑24 suppresses metastasis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma by regulating the c‑Myc/epithelial‑mesenchymal transition axis.
|
Distant metastasis is the major contributor to treatment failure and mortality in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). The lack of effective treatment strategies for metastatic NPC is the major cause for the low survival rate. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying NPC metastasis and to identify potential biomarkers for targeted therapy. MicroRNA (miRNAs or miRs) have been shown to play an important role in tumorigenesis and metastasis. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the significance of hsa‑miR‑24 in NPC metastasis. Significantly lower hsa‑miR‑24 levels were observed in NPC metastatic tumors and higher hsa‑miR‑24 levels were associated with longer progression‑free and metastasis‑free survival durations. hsa‑miR‑24 overexpression inhibited cell proliferation, invasion and migration. Using bioinformatics approaches together with functional luciferase reporter assays, we demonstrated that the c‑Myc 3'‑UTR was a direct target of hsa‑miR‑24 in regulating NPC metastasis. Protein profiling analysis revealed that a high c‑Myc expression was inversely associated with metastasis‑free overall survival and with epithelial‑mesenchymal transition (EMT). Furthermore, the overexpression of hsa‑miR‑24 decreased NPC cell invasive ability induced by the overexpression of c‑Myc, associated with EMT epithelial marker (E‑cadherin) restoration. Thus, on the whole, the findings of this study demonstrate that hsa‑miR‑24 suppresses metastasis in NPC by regulating the c‑Myc/EMT axis, suggesting that hsa‑miR‑24 may be used as a prognostic factor and as a novel target for the prevention of NPC metastasis.
|
['Aged', 'Carcinoma', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Cell Movement', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition', 'Female', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic', 'Humans', 'Male', 'MicroRNAs', 'Middle Aged', 'Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma', 'Neoplasm Invasiveness', 'Neoplasm Metastasis', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc', 'Signal Transduction']
| 30,226,609
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['C04.557.470.200'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['G04.198', 'G07.568.500.180'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['G04.356.500'], ['G05.308.370'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D13.150.650.319', 'D13.444.735.150.319', 'D13.444.735.790.552.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04.557.470.200.623', 'C04.588.443.665.710.650.500', 'C07.550.350.650.500', 'C07.550.745.650.500', 'C09.647.710.650.500', 'C09.775.350.650.500', 'C09.775.549.650.500'], ['C04.697.645', 'C23.550.727.645'], ['C04.697.650', 'C23.550.727.650'], ['D12.776.260.103.813', 'D12.776.624.664.700.189', 'D12.776.660.765', 'D12.776.930.125.813'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
ICI 206,970: a novel calcium channel blocker with eukalemic diuretic activity.
|
ICI 206,970 is a novel eukalemic diuretic from the aminomethylphenol pyrazine series which exhibited a calcium antagonist profile. The isolated rat aorta evaluation and dihydropyridine ligand [3H]-PN 200-110 binding studies demonstrated that ICI 206,970, like verapamil and nifedipine, inhibits vascular smooth muscle tone by inhibiting voltage-sensitive calcium channels. ICI 206,970 produced dose-related hypotensive, negative chronotropic, dromotropic, and coronary vasodilator responses after i.v. injection in anesthetized dogs. ICI 206,970, similar to calcium channel blockers and dissimilar to diuretics, produced an acute antihypertensive effect in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), and significant protection against the development of myocardial hypertrophy in SHR after chronic oral treatment for 28 consecutive days. It is concluded that ICI 206,970 is a calcium channel blocker in addition to its novel eukalemic diuretic property.
|
['Animals', 'Aorta', 'Calcium Channel Blockers', 'Cardiomegaly', 'Coronary Circulation', 'Diuretics', 'Dogs', 'Electrocardiography', 'Hypertension', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Male', 'Pyrazines', 'Radioligand Assay', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred SHR', 'Rats, Inbred WKY', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley']
| 8,278,459
|
[['B01.050'], ['A07.015.114.056'], ['D27.505.519.562.249', 'D27.505.696.260.500', 'D27.505.954.411.192'], ['C14.280.195', 'C23.300.775.250'], ['G09.330.100.324'], ['D27.505.696.560.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.250.216.200'], ['E01.370.370.380.240', 'E01.370.405.240'], ['C14.907.489'], ['E05.481'], ['D03.383.679'], ['E01.370.225.985', 'E01.370.374.650', 'E01.370.384.720', 'E05.200.985'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760.300', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400.300'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760.390', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400.390'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Endoscopic sphincter of Oddi manometry in healthy volunteers.
|
This study evaluates the endoscopic manometric findings within the sphincter of Oddi (SO) in nine healthy volunteers premedicated with atropine 1 h before and with diazepam during the investigation. We measured the bile duct sphincter in seven persons and the pancreatic duct sphincter in two. A hydraulic capillary infusion system and a triple-lumen catheter were used. In all the SO was identified as a zone (median length, 8 mm) with elevated base-line pressure and superimposed phasic activity. Median values for amplitude was 102.9 mm Hg; base-line pressure, 10 mm Hg; wave duration, 4.8 sec; and frequency, 2.6/min. Most waves propagated antegrade or simultaneously, and in no individual were more than one third of the waves retrograde. When peak-to-peak intervals were analyzed in one volunteer with prolonged manometry, a basal mode of 6 sec or an even multiple of this value was disclosed, indicating that the SO is paced.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Ampulla of Vater', 'Endoscopy', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Manometry', 'Middle Aged', 'Reference Values', 'Sphincter of Oddi']
| 3,576,130
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['A03.159.183.079.300.950', 'A03.556.124.684.124.236', 'A03.556.875.249.160', 'A03.734.667.500'], ['E01.370.388.250', 'E04.502.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.559'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.978.810'], ['A03.159.183.079.300.950.600', 'A03.556.124.684.124.236.572', 'A03.556.875.249.160.572']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
[The contribution of forensic psychiatry in the determination of punishable guilt].
|
As part of the consultative discussions between members of the Supreme Court and workers at the Department of Forensic Psychiatry, G.D.R. Institute of Psychiatrists and Neurologists, problems are being dealt here with, which have been discussed by the present authors as early as in 1972. These are questions arising in connection with expert opinions on responsibility and guilt and concerning the offender's personality, the motives, the kind and extent of guilt, the possible exclusion of guilt, as well as urges of passion beyond the limits of paragraphs 15 and 16 in addition to exceptional objective and subjective circumstances.
|
['Crime', 'Emotions', 'Expert Testimony', 'Forensic Psychiatry', 'Germany, East', 'Guilt', 'Humans', 'Mental Disorders', 'Motivation', 'Personality']
| 451,091
|
[]
|
[]
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Limited heterogeneity in the T-cell receptor V-gene usage in lymphocytes infiltrating human colorectal tumours.
|
The presence of T lymphocytes in solid tumours may reflect an ongoing immune response against the transformed cells. We have used polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technology to investigate the T-cell receptor variable-region gene (V-gene) usage in freshly isolated tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) to look for a possible oligoclonality of T cells in the tumour area. We used 19 different V beta-family-specific primers. Peripheral blood lymphocytes and lamina propria lymphocytes from the same patients were also tested by PCR. Our results demonstrate a limited heterogeneity in the V-gene usage of TILs from seven patients with colorectal cancers, suggesting a local antigen-driven immune response at the tumour site.
|
['Adenocarcinoma', 'Antigens, CD', 'Colonic Neoplasms', 'Colorectal Neoplasms', 'DNA', 'Humans', 'Immunophenotyping', 'Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta', 'Rectal Neoplasms', 'T-Lymphocytes']
| 8,198,973
|
[['C04.557.470.200.025'], ['D23.050.301.264.035', 'D23.101.100.110'], ['C04.588.274.476.411.307.180', 'C06.301.371.411.307.180', 'C06.405.249.411.307.180', 'C06.405.469.158.356.180', 'C06.405.469.491.307.180'], ['C04.588.274.476.411.307', 'C06.301.371.411.307', 'C06.405.249.411.307', 'C06.405.469.158.356', 'C06.405.469.491.307', 'C06.405.469.860.180'], ['D13.444.308'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.812.447', 'E05.200.812.447', 'E05.478.594.450'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.650', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.650', 'A15.382.490.555.567.650'], ['E05.393.620.500'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.816.824.825'], ['C04.588.274.476.411.307.790', 'C06.301.371.411.307.790', 'C06.405.249.411.307.790', 'C06.405.469.491.307.790', 'C06.405.469.860.180.500'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.569', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Toward the fast blind docking of a peptide to a target protein by using a four-body statistical pseudo-potential.
|
In vitro molecular evolution creates a lot of peptide aptamers that bind to each target protein. In many cases, their binding sites on a protein surface are not known. Then, predicting the binding sites through computation within a reasonable time is desirable. With this aim, we have developed a novel system of fast and robust blind docking of a peptide to a fixed protein structure at low computational costs. Our algorithm is based on the following scheme. Representing each of the amino acid residues by a single point corresponding to its side-chain center, the structure of a target protein and that of a ligand peptide are coarse-grained. The peptide, which is described as a flexible bead model, is movable along the grid-points which are set surrounding the protein. An arbitrary state of the protein-peptide complex is subjected to Delaunay tessellation. Then, the fitness of a peptide-coordination to the protein is measured by a four-body statistical pseudo-potential. Through 1000 trials of a simple hill-climbing optimization, the best 15 peptide-coordinations with the 1st-15th highest fitness values are selected as candidates for the putative coordination. Retrieving the available 28 protein-peptide complexes from the Protein Databank, we carried out the blind docking test for each system. The best 15 peptide-coordinations fell into several clusters by the cluster analysis based on their spatial distribution. We found that, in most cases, the largest cluster or second largest cluster correspond to nearly correct binding sites, and that the mean (+/- standard deviation) of GTGD over all the 28 cases is 4.8 A(+/-3.8 A), where GTGD represents the distance from the putative binding site to the correct binding site.
|
['Algorithms', 'Binding Sites', 'Computer Simulation', 'Databases, Protein', 'Models, Molecular', 'Peptides', 'Protein Conformation', 'Proteins']
| 19,939,735
|
[['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['G02.111.570.120'], ['L01.224.160'], ['L01.313.500.750.300.188.400.300.750', 'L01.313.500.750.300.188.400.325.710', 'L01.470.750.750.300.750', 'L01.470.750.750.325.710'], ['E05.599.595'], ['D12.644'], ['G02.111.570.820.709'], ['D12.776']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Comparison between hemofiltration and hemodiafiltration in a long-term prospective cross-over study.
|
BACKGROUND: The objective of the study was to compare the convective treatment modes, on-line hemofiltration (HF) and on-line hemodiafiltration (HDF), regarding cardiovascular tolerance and effects on blood pressure, when applied under similar conditions in stable dialysis patients.METHODS: 39 clinically stable dialysis patients were treated with HD for 6 months (run-in period), followed by HF and HDF in random order for 2x6 months. Similar biocompatibility (same membrane and fluid quality), similar treatment time and urea Kt/V were achieved using AK100/200 ULTRA machines, polyamide membranes in low-flux and high-flux versions and appropriate adjustment of blood flow rate (Qb) and dilution ratio (Qb/Qinf). Predilution was used for HDF (target dilution ratio = 2/1 ) as well as for HF (target dilution ratio = 1/1).RESULTS: 30 patients completed the study; 5 dropped out for non-study related reasons and 4 for non-compliance. Treatment with HF in comparison to HDF showed fewer hypotension episodes during the sessions per patient and month (HF: 0.5, HDF 1.1; p = 0.017), less plasma expander administration per patient and month (HF: 35.9 ml, HDF: 103.1 ml; p = 0.035), fewer episodes of intra-session headache (HF: 0.1, HDF: 0.4; p = 0.06), and higher pre-session MAP (HF: 98.4 mmHg, HDF: 93.8 mmHg; p = 0.037). No significant difference was found in inter-treatment weight gain, post-session MAP, or pre-session plasma sodium.CONCLUSIONS: HF and HDF provide good control of intra-session symptoms and blood pressure in stable patients. Treatment with HF resulted in a significant reduction in intra-session hypotension and a slight but significant increase in pre-session MAP, caused by an increase in systolic BP without any effect on the prevalence of hypertension or the dose of antihypertensive drugs, all compared to HDF.
|
['Blood Pressure', 'Cross-Over Studies', 'Electric Impedance', 'Female', 'Hemodiafiltration', 'Hemofiltration', 'Humans', 'Kidney Failure, Chronic', 'Male', 'Middle Aged']
| 15,365,963
|
[['E01.370.600.875.249', 'G09.330.380.076'], ['E05.318.370.150', 'N05.715.360.325.150', 'N06.850.520.445.150'], ['G01.358.500.249.277.350'], ['E02.870.300.200', 'E02.912.800.200', 'E04.292.471.350'], ['E02.870.225', 'E04.292.471'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C12.777.419.780.750.500', 'C13.351.968.419.780.750.500'], ['M01.060.116.630']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Helicobacter muricola sp. nov., a novel Helicobacter species isolated from the ceca and feces of Korean wild mouse (Mus musculus molossinus).
|
A slowly growing microaerophilic Helicobacter strain was isolated from the ceca and fecal pellets of Korean wild mice (Mus musculus molossinus). This bacterial strain possessed a pair of nonsheathed bipolar flagella, was positive for urease, catalase and oxidase, and reduced nitrate to nitrite. It proved susceptible to nalidixic acid and resistant to cephalodine, and did not hydrolyze hippurate. On the basis of phenotypic characteristics and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the isolate represents a new species of the genus Helicobacter, for which the name Helicobacter muricola sp. nov. is proposed; the type strain of the new species is w-06T.
|
['Animals', 'Bacterial Proteins', 'Bacterial Typing Techniques', 'Cecum', 'DNA, Bacterial', 'DNA, Ribosomal', 'Feces', 'Female', 'Flagella', 'Helicobacter', 'Korea', 'Male', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Muridae', 'Phylogeny', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'RNA, Bacterial', 'RNA, Ribosomal, 16S', 'Species Specificity']
| 12,007,652
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.776.097'], ['E01.370.225.875.150.125', 'E05.200.875.150.125'], ['A03.556.124.526.209', 'A03.556.249.249.209'], ['D13.444.308.212'], ['D13.444.308.475'], ['A12.459'], ['A11.284.180.290'], ['B03.440.500', 'B03.660.150.235.500.250'], ['Z01.252.474.557', 'Z01.586.407'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635'], ['G05.697', 'G16.075.605', 'L01.100.697'], ['E05.393.620.500'], ['D13.444.735.473'], ['D13.444.735.686.670'], ['G16.824']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
|
The effect of the process variables on the HPLC separation of tricyclic neuroleptics on a calixarene-bonded stationary phase.
|
The chromatographic behavior of a new HPLC-stationary phase with supramolecular selectors on the basis of calixarenes is described for the separation of nine tricyclic neuroleptics. The effects of different chromatographic conditions (buffer system, pH-value, type and content of organic modifier, injection volume) on the separation of the analytes were studied. Additionally, the effect of structural differences of the neuroleptic analytes was studied. The chemical structure and pKa of the neuroleptics highly influenced their separation on the calix[8]arene phase. The separation of all analytes on the investigated calixarene-bonded stationary phase was possible with a mobile phase of acetonitrile with 30 mM ammonium acetate buffer (pH 3.5) 30:70(v/v) using 1 ml/min flow rate.
|
['Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic', 'Buffers', 'Calixarenes', 'Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Indicators and Reagents', 'Methanol', 'Piperazines', 'Solvents', 'Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet']
| 15,801,670
|
[['D27.505.954.427.700.122.055'], ['D27.720.470.280'], ['D04.345.025'], ['E05.196.181.400.300'], ['G02.300'], ['D27.720.470.410'], ['D02.033.623'], ['D03.383.606'], ['D27.720.844'], ['E05.196.712.726.802', 'E05.196.867.826.802']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Monitoring the bacteriological quality of potable waters in hospital.
|
We report a survey of the bacteriological quality of potable waters from hospitals. In the 12-month period February 1986 to January 1987, 646 samples were examined from 25 hospitals. Coliforms were isolated from eight (1.2%) samples, received from three hospitals. These hospitals did not, therefore, satisfy the European Community (EC) directive on potable water quality. Three hundred and four (47%) samples had total viable counts higher than the guidelines given in the EC directive on potable waters. Thirteen (52%) of hospitals surveyed submitted at least one unsatisfactory sample and six (24%) submitted more than 50% unsatisfactory samples. Water quality was generally poorer in the summer and autumn. Estimation of the total viable count is an inexpensive and simple method for monitoring the microbial quality of hospital waters.
|
['Enterobacteriaceae', 'Maintenance and Engineering, Hospital', 'Sanitary Engineering', 'United Kingdom', 'Water Microbiology', 'Water Supply']
| 2,907,334
|
[['B03.440.450.425', 'B03.660.250.150'], ['N02.278.216.500.968.450', 'N02.628.472', 'N04.452.442.452.422.450'], ['H02.229.656', 'J01.293.821', 'N06.850.780.200.800.800', 'N06.850.860.510'], ['Z01.542.363'], ['H01.158.273.540.274.777', 'N06.850.425.450'], ['J01.293.821.500']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Endoscopic submucosal tumor biopsy using Stiegmann-Goff endoscopic ligator.
|
Endoscopic biopsy is an important tool for histological diagnosis of lesions residing in gastrointestinal tracts. However, it is less useful in submucosal lesions due to the existence of normal overlying mucosa. We developed a new and safe technique for the diagnosis of submucosal tumor using Stiegmann-Goff endoscopic ligator. After removing surface mucosa to expose submucosal tissue by this method, conventional secured histological diagnosis could be performed. To determine definitive histological diagnosis, this technique is useful as well as Endoscopic Ultrasound (EUS) with fine needle aspiration biopsy and other modalities.
|
['Biopsy', 'Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal', 'Gastric Mucosa', 'Gastrointestinal Neoplasms', 'Humans', 'Intestinal Mucosa', 'Ligation']
| 11,061,573
|
[['E01.370.225.500.384.100', 'E01.370.225.998.054', 'E01.370.388.100', 'E04.074', 'E05.200.500.384.100', 'E05.200.998.054', 'E05.242.384.100'], ['E01.370.372.250.250', 'E01.370.388.250.250.250', 'E04.210.240.250', 'E04.502.250.250.250'], ['A03.556.875.875.440', 'A10.615.550.291'], ['C04.588.274.476', 'C06.301.371', 'C06.405.249'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A03.556.124.369', 'A10.615.550.444'], ['E04.426']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Basic surgical skills testing for junior residents: current views of general surgery program directors.
|
BACKGROUND: The American College of Surgeons/Association of Program Directors in Surgery Phase 1 Curriculum (ACS/APDS) includes evaluation of basic surgical skills for junior residents. It is unclear if basic surgical skills evaluation is incorporated into residency curricula or used for resident advancement decisions. Our aim was to identify the perceptions of general surgery program directors (PDs) on the importance of basic surgical skills training and evaluation.STUDY DESIGN: Thirty PDS were invited to participate in a telephone interview. PDs were chosen for diversity of program location and size and asked to comment on their use and perceptions of basic surgical skills curricula, and evaluation.RESULTS: Twenty-two interviews were conducted with 23 of the total 30 invited PDs who agreed to participate. The mean number of residents graduating annually was 6 (range 2 to 12) per program. Ten of 22 (45%) PDs used the ACS/APDS curriculum, and 5 (23%) PDs were unaware of its existence. Only 4 programs (18%) perform formal basic surgical skills evaluation with mandatory remediation. No PD would either prevent residents with demonstrable poor basic surgical skills from going to the operating room or use poor basic surgical skills as a reason to deny promotion. One institution required evidence of satisfactory central line placement skills for credentialing. Obstacles to implementation of basic surgical skills included a lack of time, resources, and validated tests. Sixteen (73%) PDs saw some value in skills evaluation generally, but only 41% saw basic surgical skills evaluation as important for junior residents.CONCLUSIONS: Implementation of a summative evaluation of skills will require considerable resources for PDs. This study suggests that scarce resources might be more usefully directed toward evaluation of operative skills of senior residents.
|
['Clinical Competence', 'Curriculum', 'Education, Medical, Graduate', 'Educational Measurement', 'Humans', 'Internship and Residency', 'Surgical Procedures, Operative', 'Task Performance and Analysis']
| 21,356,489
|
[['I02.399.630.210', 'N04.761.210', 'N05.715.175'], ['I02.158'], ['I02.358.337.350', 'I02.358.399.350'], ['I02.399'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['I02.358.337.350.500', 'I02.358.399.350.750'], ['E04'], ['F02.784.412.846', 'F02.784.692.746', 'F02.808.600']]
|
['Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Rodent allergen in Los Angeles inner city homes of children with asthma.
|
Recent studies have examined the presence of mouse allergen in inner city children with asthma. Researchers have found high levels of rodent allergen in homes sampled in the northeast and midwest United States, but there has been considerable variation between cities, and there have been few studies conducted in western states. We evaluated the frequency of rodent sightings and detectable mouse allergen and the housing conditions associated with these outcomes in inner city homes in Los Angeles. Two hundred and two families of school children, ages 6-16 living in inner city neighborhoods, participated in the study. Families were predominantly Latino (94%), and Spanish speaking (92%). At study entry, parents completed a home assessment questionnaire, and staff conducted a home evaluation and collected kitchen dust, which was analyzed for the presence of mouse allergen. Fifty-one percent of homes had detectable allergen in kitchen dust. All 33 families who reported the presence of rodents had detectable allergen in the home and were also more likely to have increased levels of allergen compared to those who did not report rodents. Unwashed dishes or food crumbs, lack of a working vacuum, and a caretaker report of a smoker in the home were all significantly associated with a greater risk of rodent sightings or detectable allergen (P<0.05). Detached homes were significantly more likely to have detectable allergen. The prevalence of allergen is common enough that it may have public health implications for asthmatic children, and detectable allergen was not routinely identified based on rodent sightings. Many of the predictors of rodent allergen are amenable to low-cost interventions that can be integrated with other measures to reduce exposure to indoor allergens.
|
['Adolescent', 'Allergens', 'Animals', 'Asthma', 'Child', 'Cohort Studies', 'Dust', 'Environmental Exposure', 'Environmental Monitoring', 'Family Characteristics', 'Hispanic Americans', 'Housing', 'Humans', 'Los Angeles', 'Mice', 'Poverty Areas', 'Urban Population']
| 18,004,665
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['D23.050.063'], ['B01.050'], ['C08.127.108', 'C08.381.495.108', 'C08.674.095', 'C20.543.480.680.095'], ['M01.060.406'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['D20.633.222'], ['N06.850.460.350'], ['N06.850.460.350.080', 'N06.850.780.375'], ['F01.829.263.315', 'I01.240.361', 'I01.880.853.150.423', 'N01.224.361', 'N01.824.308', 'N06.850.505.400.400'], ['M01.686.754.441'], ['J03.340', 'N01.224.791.400', 'N06.230.150.360', 'N06.850.505.400.800.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.107.567.875.580.200.450', 'Z01.107.567.875.760.200.450', 'Z01.433.565'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['I01.880.853.996.535.550', 'N01.824.600.550'], ['N01.600.900']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Parkin transcript variants in rat and human brain.
|
Alternative splicing has an important role in expanding protein diversity. We have identified complementary DNA species from adult rat and fetal human brain encoding seven new splice variants of parkin, a gene mutated in autosomal recessive juvenile parkinsonism (ARJP). Alternative splicing affects almost all previously characterized exons, plus 3 new exons of 72, 156, and 180 nucleotides. This creates the potential to express hundreds of different isoforms. The encoded parkin isoforms have different amino acid composition, post-translational modifications, and, most important, molecular architectures. They diverge for the presence or absence of the ubiquitin-like domain, one or two C3HC4 ring fingers, the in-between ring fingers (IBR) domain, and a thiol proteases active site, which has not been previously characterized. Distinct expression patterns occur in primary cultures of neuronal and glial cells. Extensive splicing of parkin produces regional and structural diversity and may have important implications for the pathogenetic mechanisms underlying ARJP.
|
['Alternative Splicing', 'Animals', 'Brain', 'Genetic Variation', 'Humans', 'Parkinson Disease', 'Rats', 'Transcription, Genetic', 'Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases']
| 15,453,267
|
[['G02.111.760.700.100', 'G03.839.700.100', 'G05.308.700.700.100'], ['B01.050'], ['A08.186.211'], ['G05.365'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C10.228.140.079.862.500', 'C10.228.662.600.400', 'C10.574.928.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['G02.111.873', 'G05.297.700'], ['D08.811.464.938.750']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Microsurgical removal of a vestibular schwannoma after stereotactic radiosurgery: surgical and pathologic findings.
|
OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to provide objective evidence of the enhanced difficulty of preserving the facial nerve in patients who need microsurgery after failed stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) of vestibular schwannoma.STUDY DESIGN: This study was a retrospective case review.SETTING: A tertiary care referral center was the setting for the study.PATIENTS: The authors present a case of a young woman with a vestibular schwannoma that enlarged 2 years after treatment with SRS.INTERVENTION: Microsurgery via the translabyrinthine approach was used.RESULTS: At surgery, extensive scarring between the facial nerve and tumor capsule was seen, and the nerve could not be identified at all beyond several millimeters proximal to the porus acusticus. Adhesions of the tumor to the ninth and tenth cranial nerves, the brain stem, and the anterior inferior cerebellar artery were also markedly increased. Histologic examination confirmed fibrotic adhesions surrounding the facial nerve.CONCLUSIONS: The unusual degree of fibrosis, scarring, and adhesions of the tumor to the surrounding structures after SRS made microsurgical removal of the tumor difficult and preservation of the facial nerve impossible.
|
['Adult', 'Cranial Nerve Neoplasms', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Microsurgery', 'Neurilemmoma', 'Postoperative Care', 'Radiosurgery', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Vestibular Nerve']
| 10,337,979
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['C04.588.614.300', 'C04.588.614.596.240', 'C10.292.225', 'C10.551.360', 'C10.551.775.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['E04.494', 'E05.591.580'], ['C04.557.465.625.650.595', 'C04.557.580.600.610.595', 'C04.557.580.625.650.595'], ['E02.760.731.700', 'E04.604.500', 'N02.421.585.722.700'], ['E02.815.530', 'E04.525.800.650', 'E05.873.500'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['A08.800.800.120.910.900']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
The effects of periconceptional risk factor exposure and micronutrient supplementation on birth defects in Shaanxi Province in Western China.
|
OBJECTIVES: 1) To understand the current prevalence and main types of birth defects, 2) assess the periconceptional exposure of factors associated with birth defects in Shaanxi Province, and 3) provide scientific evidence for local governments to formulate services for the primary prevention of birth defects.METHODS: We sampled 16,541 households from 128 townships in 16 counties/districts in Shaanxi province using a multi-stage random sampling method. Among them, 10,544 women who had live born or stillborn infants with gestational age ? 28 weeks between 2008 and 2009 were interviewed using a structured questionnaire designed to collect information about periconceptional risk factor exposure, health care service utilization, and micronutrient supplements. Logistic regression was performed to assess the risk factors associated with birth defects and adjustments were made for imbalanced social-demographic characteristics between case and control groups.RESULTS: The prevalence of congenital birth defect in Shaanxi province was 14.3/1000 births. The environment risk factors associated with birth defects include unhealthy lifestyle (Alcohol, odds ratio (OR): 3.60, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.64-7.91; Smoking, OR: 1.32, 95% CI: 0.99-1.75; Drink strong tea, OR: 1.81, 95% CI: 1.27-2.59), exposure to heavy pollution (OR: 1.53, 95% CI: 1.01-2.30), maternal diseases (OR: 1.77, 95% CI: 1.35-2.33), drug use (OR: 2.11, 95% CI: 1.51-2.95), maternal chemical pesticide exposure (OR: 2.30, 95% CI: 1.16-4.57), and adverse pregnancy history (OR: 10.10, 95% CI: 7.55-13.53). Periconceptional folic acid or multiple micronutrients including folic acid supplementation, was associated with a reduced rate of birth defects (OR: 0.54, 95% CI: 0.29-0.998).CONCLUSIONS: Health care service utilization, unhealthy lifestyle factors, and environment risk factors seem to be associated with birth defects in Shaanxi province. Governmental agencies should focus on effective primary preventative methods, such as the delivery of periconceptional health education for minimizing potential risk factor exposures, periconceptional folic acid or micronutrient supplementation, environment monitoring, and assessment of factories with high levels of pollution.
|
['Adult', 'China', 'Congenital Abnormalities', 'Delivery of Health Care', 'Dietary Supplements', 'Female', 'Folic Acid', 'Humans', 'Micronutrients', 'Pregnancy', 'Prevalence', 'Risk Factors', 'Surveys and Questionnaires']
| 23,300,928
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['Z01.252.474.164'], ['C16.131'], ['N04.590.374', 'N05.300'], ['G07.203.300.456', 'J02.500.456'], ['D03.633.100.733.631.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D27.505.696.494', 'G07.203.300.681.500', 'J02.500.681.500'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Cortisol level predicts myocardial infarction in patients with ischaemic chest pain.
|
Serum cortisol levels were studied in twenty patients with confirmed myocardial infarction and in twenty patients with severe chest pain admitted to the coronary care unit with suspected myocardial infarction but in whom a diagnosis of angina was subsequently made. Cortisol levels were significantly elevated in patients within five hours of the onset of symptoms in myocardial infarction (857 +/- 74 nmol/l; mean +/- SE) but remained within the normal range for those with angina (340 +/- 55 nmol/l). It is concluded that hypercortisolaemia accompanies myocardial infarction, but not angina, and that the psychological stresses of ischaemic chest pain and admission to the coronary care unit produce little, if any, elevation in serum cortisol levels unless there is significant myocardial necrosis. This observation may be of value to those conducting intervention studies in myocardial infarction since the early elevation of the cortisol levels to above the normal range in patients with ischaemic chest pain is both sensitive (70%) and specific (85%) for myocardial infarction.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Angina Pectoris', 'Biomarkers', 'Coronary Care Units', 'Diagnosis, Differential', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hydrocortisone', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Myocardial Infarction']
| 2,793,263
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['C14.280.647.187', 'C14.907.585.187', 'C23.888.592.612.233.500'], ['D23.101'], ['N02.278.388.493.211'], ['E01.171'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D04.210.500.745.745.654.600', 'D06.472.040.585.353.476', 'D06.472.040.585.478.392'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C14.280.647.500', 'C14.907.585.500', 'C23.550.513.355.750', 'C23.550.717.489.750']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Protein arginine methyltransferase 6 regulates embryonic stem cell identity.
|
Histone arginine methylation has emerged as an important histone modification involved in gene regulation. Protein arginine methyltransferase (PRMT) 4 and 5 have been shown to play essential roles in early embryonic development and in embryonic stem (ES) cells. Recently, it has been reported that PRMT6-mediated di-methylation of histone H3 at arginine 2 (H3R2me2) can antagonize tri-methylation of histone H3 at lysine 4 (H3K4me3), which marks active genes. However, whether PRMT6 and PRMT6-mediated H3R2me2 play crucial roles in early embryonic development and ES cell identity remain unclear. Here, we have investigated their roles using gain and loss of function studies with mouse ES cells as a model system. We report that Prmt6 and histone H3R2 methylation levels increased when ES cells are induced to differentiate. Consistently, we find that differentiation of ES cells upon upregulation of Prmt6 is associated with decreased expression of pluripotency genes and increased expression of differentiation markers. We also observe that elevation of Prmt6 increases the methylation level of histone H3R2 and decreases H3K4me, Chd1, and Wdr5 levels at the promoter regions of Oct4 and Nanog. Surprisingly, knockdown of Prmt6 also leads to downregulation of pluripotency genes and induction of expression of differentiation markers suggesting that Prmt6 is important for ES cell pluripotency and self-renewal. Our results indicate that a critical level of Prmt6 and histone H3R2me must be maintained in mouse ES cells to sustain their pluripotency.
|
['Animals', 'Biomarkers', 'Cell Differentiation', 'Cell Lineage', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Embryonic Stem Cells', 'Endoderm', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic', 'Gene Knockdown Techniques', 'Histones', 'Homeodomain Proteins', 'Methylation', 'Mice', 'Nanog Homeobox Protein', 'Octamer Transcription Factor-3', 'Promoter Regions, Genetic', 'Protein-Arginine N-Methyltransferases', 'RNA, Small Interfering']
| 22,455,726
|
[['B01.050'], ['D23.101'], ['G04.152'], ['G04.172', 'G07.345.500.325.180.500', 'G08.686.155', 'G08.686.784.170.104.249'], ['A11.251'], ['A11.872.700.250'], ['A16.504.407'], ['G05.308.320'], ['E05.393.335.500'], ['D12.776.157.687.485', 'D12.776.660.720.485', 'D12.776.664.469'], ['D12.776.260.400'], ['G02.111.035.538', 'G02.607.094.538', 'G03.059.538'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['D12.776.260.400.530', 'D12.776.930.542'], ['D12.776.260.655.500.300', 'D12.776.930.710.500.300'], ['G02.111.570.080.689.675', 'G05.360.080.689.675', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.750.680'], ['D08.811.913.555.500.800.750'], ['D13.150.650.700', 'D13.444.735.150.700', 'D13.444.735.790.552.875']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Evaluation and implementation of in vivo transit dosimetry with an electronic portal imaging device].
|
PURPOSE: In vivo dosimetry is now widely recommended to avoid major treatment error. Transit dosimetry using portal imagers allows fast and accurate in vivo dose verifications. Several teams have published clinical studies but no recommendation has been proposed to define tolerance levels and validation criteria. This study proposes a simple methodology to assess the overall standard deviation of transit dosimetry and was applied to our transit dosimetry method.MATERIAL AND METHODS: In a first step, the uncertainties due to the dose reconstruction method are evaluated. Their estimation is based on a set of geometries, representative of clinical situations for which 45 points of measurement have been defined. In a second step, we studied the variations of our method in clinical situations. During the treatment session of the patient, the dose was reconstructed and the differences between reconstructed dose and prescribed dose were used to define a realistic tolerance level, adapted to the clinical routine. Then, a methodology is proposed to determine if the transit dosimetry method, with the defined tolerance level allows detecting significant treatment errors (>5% of the prescribed dose). RESULTS - CONCLUSION: Applying this methodology we concluded that a tolerance level of 6.5% (k=2) can be associated with our method. With this value, it is demonstrated that in many cases differences of 5% (or less) on the prescribed dose can be detected. This study demonstrates clearly that in vivo transit dosimetry is not able to detect all the treatment errors but remains an ultimate and efficient tool in many situations.
|
['Algorithms', 'Humans', 'Neoplasms', 'Radiometry', 'Radiotherapy Dosage']
| 24,176,663
|
[['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04'], ['E05.799'], ['E02.815.639']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Actions of vitamins D2 and D3 and 25-OHD3 in anticonvulsant osteomalacia.
|
In 54 epileptic outpatients treated for at least one year with anticonvulsants the bone mineral content (B.M.C.), an estimate of total body calcium, and serum calcium were measured before and during treatment with three doses of cholecalciferol (vitamin D3; 200, 100, and 50 mu-g daily) and 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25-OHD3; 40, 20, and 10 mu-g daily) for 12 weeks. The results, when compared with the effects of calciferol (vitamin D2; 200, 100, and 50 mu-g daily) in 40 epileptic outpatients, showed different actions in anticonvulsant osteomalacia of vitamin D2 on the one hand and vitamin D3 and 25-OHD3 on the other. In the patients who received vitamin D2 an increase in B.M.C. was found whereas serum calcium was unchanged. The patients who received vitamin D3 or 25-OHD3 showed an increase in serum calcium but unchanged values of B.M.C. The results suggest that liver enzyme induction cannot alone explain anticonvulsant osteomalacia.
|
['Anticonvulsants', 'Bone and Bones', 'Calcium', 'Cholecalciferol', 'Enzyme Induction', 'Epilepsy', 'Ergocalciferols', 'Humans', 'Hydroxycholecalciferols', 'Liver', 'Minerals', 'Osteomalacia']
| 165,857
|
[['D27.505.954.427.080'], ['A02.835.232', 'A10.165.265'], ['D01.268.552.100', 'D01.552.539.288', 'D23.119.100'], ['D04.210.500.247.222.159', 'D04.210.500.247.808.146', 'D04.210.500.812.768.196', 'D10.570.938.146'], ['G05.308.320.200'], ['C10.228.140.490'], ['D04.210.500.247.222.474', 'D04.210.500.247.808.412', 'D04.210.500.812.768.462', 'D10.570.938.439'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D04.210.500.247.222.159.478', 'D04.210.500.247.808.146.478', 'D04.210.500.812.768.196.478', 'D10.570.938.146.478'], ['A03.620'], ['D01.578'], ['C05.116.198.816.640', 'C18.452.104.816.640', 'C18.452.174.845.640', 'C18.654.521.500.133.770.734.640']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Impacts of air pollution wave on years of life lost: A crucial way to communicate the health risks of air pollution to the public.
|
Limited studies have explored the impacts of exposure to sustained high levels of air pollution (air pollution wave) on mortality. Given that the frequency, intensity and duration of air pollution wave has been increasing in highly polluted regions recently, understanding the impacts of air pollution wave is crucial. In this study, air pollution wave was defined as 2 or more consecutive days with air pollution index (API) > 100. The impacts of air pollution wave on years of life lost (YLL) due to non-accidental, cardiovascular and respiratory deaths were evaluated by considering both consecutive days with high levels of air pollution and daily air pollution levels in Tianjin, China, from 2006 to 2011. The results showed the durational effect of consecutive days with high levels of air pollution was substantial in addition to the effect of daily air pollution. For instance, the durational effect was related to an increase in YLL of 116.6 (95% CI: 4.8, 228.5) years from non-accidental deaths when the air pollution wave was sustained for 4 days, while the corresponding daily air pollution's effect was 121.2 (95% CI: 55.2, 187.1) years. A better interpretation of the health risks of air pollution wave is crucial for air pollution control policy making and public health interventions.
|
['Air Pollutants', 'Air Pollution', 'China', 'Environmental Exposure', 'Humans', 'Public Health', 'Risk']
| 29,421,406
|
[['D27.888.284.101'], ['N06.850.460.100'], ['Z01.252.474.164'], ['N06.850.460.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['H02.403.720', 'N01.400.550', 'N06.850'], ['E05.318.740.600.800', 'G17.680.750', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Prenatal fluoxetine exposure induces life-long serotonin 5-HT₃ receptor-dependent cortical abnormalities and anxiety-like behaviour.
|
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are the first choice of drugs to treat depression and anxiety during pregnancy. However, there is evidence that in utero exposure to SSRIs leads to adverse effects in offspring. Here we show that in mice, the adverse effects of the widely used antidepressant and SSRI fluoxetine are critically dependent on the 5-HT(3) receptor, the only ligand-gated ion channel in the family of serotonin receptors. In utero exposure to fluoxetine induces anxiety-like behavior in wildtype, but not in mice lacking the 5-HT(3) receptor. In addition to this behavioral phenotype, these mice show life-long abnormalities of cortical cytoarchitecture, which can be reversed in vitro by pharmacological block of 5-HT(3) receptors. Moreover, the effect of fluoxetine on the development of cortical neurons is absent in 5-HT(3) receptor knockout mice. These findings pinpoint the pivotal role of serotonergic signaling during development and provide a novel basis to investigate the adverse effects of the use of fluoxetine during pregnancy. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled 'Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder'.
|
['Animals', 'Anxiety', 'Behavior, Animal', 'Cerebral Cortex', 'Female', 'Fluoxetine', 'Mice', 'Neurons', 'Pregnancy', 'Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects', 'Receptors, Serotonin, 5-HT3', 'Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors']
| 21,964,434
|
[['B01.050'], ['F01.470.132'], ['F01.145.113'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500'], ['D02.092.831.280'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['A08.675', 'A11.671'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['C13.703.824.500'], ['D12.776.157.530.400.400.100.700', 'D12.776.543.550.450.500.100.700', 'D12.776.543.585.400.500.100.700', 'D12.776.543.750.130.750', 'D12.776.543.750.670.800.300', 'D12.776.543.750.720.850.300'], ['D27.505.519.562.437.850', 'D27.505.519.625.600.850', 'D27.505.519.625.850.900', 'D27.505.696.577.600.850', 'D27.505.696.577.850.900']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Accurate quantification of 5 German cockroach (GCr) allergens in complex extracts using multiple reaction monitoring mass spectrometry (MRM MS).
|
BACKGROUND: German cockroach (GCr) allergen extracts are complex and heterogeneous products, and methods to better assess their potency and composition are needed for adequate studies of their safety and efficacy.OBJECTIVE AND METHODS: The objective of this study was to develop an assay based on liquid chromatography and multiple reaction monitoring mass spectrometry (LC-MRM MS) for rapid, accurate, and reproducible quantification of 5 allergens (Bla g 1, Bla g 2, Bla g 3, Bla g 4, and Bla g 5) in crude GCr allergen extracts.RESULTS: We first established a comprehensive peptide library of allergens from various commercial extracts as well as recombinant allergens. Peptide mapping was performed using high-resolution MS, and the peptide library was then used to identify prototypic and quantotypic peptides to proceed with MRM method development. Assay development included a systematic optimization of digestion conditions (buffer, digestion time, and trypsin concentration), chromatographic separation, and MS parameters. Robustness and suitability were assessed following ICH (Q2 [R1]) guidelines. The method is precise (RSD < 10%), linear over a wide range (r > 0.99, 0.01-1384 fmol/ìL), and sensitive (LLOD and LLOQ <1 fmol/ìL). Having established the parameters for LC-MRM MS, we quantified allergens from various commercial GCr extracts and showed considerable variability that may impact clinical efficacy.CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Our data demonstrate that the LC-MRM MS method is valuable for absolute quantification of allergens in GCr extracts and likely has broader applicability to other complex allergen extracts. Definitive quantification provides a new standard for labelling of allergen extracts, which will inform patient care, enable personalized therapy, and enhance the efficacy of immunotherapy for environmental and food allergies.
|
['Allergens', 'Animals', 'Blattellidae', 'Chromatography, Liquid', 'Complex Mixtures', 'Epitope Mapping', 'Humans', 'Mass Spectrometry', 'Peptide Library', 'Peptides', 'Reproducibility of Results']
| 28,756,650
|
[['D23.050.063'], ['B01.050'], ['B01.050.500.131.617.140.100'], ['E05.196.181.400'], ['D20'], ['E05.478.274', 'E05.601.690.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.196.566'], ['D12.644.555', 'G02.111.570.060.620', 'G05.360.325.640'], ['D12.644'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
A convenient approach to the synthesis of trinucleotide phosphoramidites--synthons for the generation of oligonucleotide/peptide libraries.
|
Trinucleotide phosphoramidites that correspond to the codons of all 20 amino acids were synthesized in high yield in 5g scale. Precursors of those amidites--trinucleotide phosphotriesters--have been prepared using the phosphotriester approach without protection of the 3'-hydroxyl function. The structures of trinucleotide phosphotriesters and intermediates were confirmed by 1H- and 31P-NMR spectra, mass-spectra and by analysis of SPDE-hydrolysates of deprotected preparations. Purity of the target products has been confirmed by test reactions. The synthons have been used for automated synthesis of oligonucleotides and corresponding libraries by a phosphite-triester approach. A 54mer, containing 12 randomized internal bases, and a 72mer with 24 internal randomized bases have been synthesized.
|
['Bacteriophages', 'Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'Cloning, Molecular', 'Escherichia coli', 'Isomerism', 'Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy', 'Mass Spectrometry', 'Oligodeoxyribonucleotides', 'Peptides']
| 8,871,554
|
[['B04.123'], ['E05.196.181.400.300'], ['E05.393.220'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['G02.111.570.685', 'G02.607.445'], ['E05.196.867.519'], ['E05.196.566'], ['D13.695.578.424.450'], ['D12.644']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
A comprehensive appraisal of 241Am in soils around Rocky Flats, Colorado.
|
Soils east of Rocky Flats Plant (RFETS) near Golden, Colorado, were contaminated with actinides because of accidental release of oils laden with plutonium isotopes. Consequently, these soils were contaminated by 241Am due to radioactive decay of 241Pu (t1/2 = 14.4 y). A spatial analysis of 241Am activity in soils east of RFETS was conducted to elucidate the magnitude and the mode of 241Am dispersion in the soil environment. 241Am activity of 178 soil samples ranged from 0.037 Bq kg-1 to 10,004 Bq kg-1 with a mean of 214 Bq kg-1, median of 7.28 Bq kg-1, standard deviation of 942 Bq kg-1, and a coefficient of variation of 4.3. Spatial analysis of 241Am in soils around RFETS was conducted using indicator kriging, which is a nonparametric technique especially suitable to model a conditional cumulative distribution function (ccdf) of highly skewed environmental data such as 241Am. The ccdf was used to generate an E-type (mean of the conditional cdf) surface. The resulted surfaces were consistent with the hypothesis that the westerly winds were the dominant mechanism of americium dispersal. The spatial distribution and dispersal mechanisms of 241Am were similar to those of 239+240Pu. The ccdf was also used to construct probability of exceedence maps of 241Am in soils. For the purpose of this report two threshold values for the probability maps were selected: (1) the mean measured background activity of 241Am (0.4 Bq kg-1), and (2) the programmatic preliminary remediation goal for residential occupancy scenario (87.7 Bq kg-1). The probability-of-exceedance maps provide estimates of spatial uncertainty associated with each threshold. The E-type maps in conjunction with the probability-of-exceedance maps provide a robust framework for future cleanup options and land use decisions.
|
['Americium', 'Soil Pollutants, Radioactive']
| 8,698,577
|
[['D01.268.271.100.050', 'D01.268.556.037', 'D01.496.749.305.100.050', 'D01.552.020.086', 'D01.552.544.037'], ['D20.693.756', 'D27.888.284.756.674']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Coexistent thyroid cancer and pregnancy.
|
OBJECTIVE: A study was performed to determine the appropriate time for the initiation of therapy for thyroid carcinoma first diagnosed during pregnancy.DATA SOURCES: Material on thyroid cancer cases was obtained from the New Mexico Tumor Registry, Albuquerque, a computerized population-based registry for the state of New Mexico, and the Indian reservation facilities in New Mexico and Arizona (a Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Registry funded by the National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Md) for the period 1970 to 1991.STUDY SELECTION: All cases of thyroid cancer, except medullary and anaplastic, in patients aged 18 to 46 years were evaluated. Subgroups were established for (1) all women who were noted to be pregnant at the time of their initial diagnosis and (2) all women with thyroid cancer in the 18- to 46-year-old age group.DATA EXTRACTION: The information was extracted by a certified tumor registrar for age, sex, thyroid cancer, specific type of thyroid cancer, period, race, year of diagnosis, accession date, last date seen, tumor status, treatment, and patient status.DATA SYNTHESIS: There have been no deaths in the pregnant group with a follow-up ranging from 0.5 to 20 years. There was no statistically significant difference in observed survival rates between the pregnant group and 465 women, aged 18 to 46 years, with comparable thyroid cancers or in the death rates of women aged 18 to 67 years in the general population.CONCLUSIONS: Surgical treatment for patients with well-differentiated thyroid cancer diagnosed during pregnancy can be delayed until after parturition.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Carcinoma, Papillary, Follicular', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Middle Aged', 'Pregnancy', 'Pregnancy Complications, Neoplastic', 'Thyroid Neoplasms', 'Time Factors']
| 7,917,201
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['C04.557.470.200.025.060.225', 'C04.557.470.200.025.085.225'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['C04.850', 'C13.703.720'], ['C04.588.322.894', 'C04.588.443.915', 'C19.344.894', 'C19.874.788'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
The proportion of specific viral subpopulations in attenuated Arkansas Delmarva poultry industry infectious bronchitis vaccines influences vaccination outcome.
|
We investigated the significance of differing proportions of specific subpopulations among commercial Arkansas (Ark) Delmarva poultry industry (DPI) vaccines with regard to vaccination outcome. Two ArkDPI-derived vaccines that contain a higher proportion of viruses with S1 genes that become selected during replication in chickens exhibited more rapid establishment of those selected subpopulations in chickens, produced significantly higher viral loads in tears, and induced higher antibody responses compared with two other ArkDPI vaccines with lower proportions of viruses that become selected in chickens. The presence of higher proportions of selected subpopulations was also associated with a significantly higher incidence of respiratory signs early after vaccination and in some cases more severe tracheal lesions. However, one of the ArkDPI-derived vaccines with a lower proportion of selected subpopulations, despite producing a lower viral load in tears, also induced a higher incidence of respiratory signs later after vaccination and more severe tracheal lesions. Furthermore, one of the ArkDPI-derived vaccines with a higher proportion of selected subpopulations, despite producing a higher viral loads in tears, resulted in less severe tracheal damage. These discrepancies suggest that infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) load in tears may not always predict degree of tracheal damage and that phenotypic characteristics other than S1 may also be involved in severity of vaccine reactions following ArkDPI vaccine administration. We observed lower antibody responses to the vaccines that produced lower viral loads, which might contribute to the persistence of Ark serotype IBV vaccines observed in commercial flocks.
|
['Animals', 'Antibodies, Viral', 'Chickens', 'Coronavirus Infections', 'Harderian Gland', 'Immunoglobulin G', 'Infectious bronchitis virus', 'Interferon-gamma', 'Membrane Glycoproteins', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Poultry Diseases', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Respiratory System', 'Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Sequence Analysis, DNA', 'Sequence Analysis, Protein', 'Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms', 'Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus', 'Tears', 'Vaccines, Attenuated', 'Viral Envelope Proteins', 'Viral Load', 'Viral Vaccines']
| 23,397,834
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.254', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.254', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.254'], ['B01.050.150.900.248.350.150', 'B01.050.150.900.248.690.192'], ['C01.925.782.600.550.200'], ['A13.445'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.619.393', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.619.393', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.619.393'], ['B04.820.578.500.540.150.400.750'], ['D12.644.276.374.440.893', 'D12.644.276.374.480.615.350', 'D12.776.467.374.440.893', 'D12.776.467.374.480.615.350', 'D23.529.374.440.893', 'D23.529.374.480.615.350'], ['D12.776.395.550', 'D12.776.543.550'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['C22.131.728'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['A04'], ['E05.393.620.500.725'], ['E05.393.760.700'], ['E05.393.760.705'], ['G06.320.676'], ['D12.776.543.512.500.665', 'D12.776.964.970.880.910.665'], ['A12.200.882'], ['D20.215.894.811'], ['D09.400.430.968', 'D12.776.395.550.993', 'D12.776.543.550.993', 'D12.776.964.970.880'], ['E01.370.225.875.950', 'E05.200.875.950', 'G06.920.850'], ['D20.215.894.899']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Female urodynamics and lower urinary tract infection.
|
OBJECTIVES: To determine the incidence of unsuspected urinary tract infection (UTI) before cystometry, to evaluate reports of a greater tendency to abnormal cystometry in the presence of asymptomatic bacteriuria, and to determine the incidence of iatrogenic significant bacteriuria after cystometry.PATIENTS AND METHODS: A prospective study was carried out in the gynaecology department of a district general hospital in collaboration with the medical microbiology department of a university teaching hospital. The period of investigation was 1 year and the study population was a sample of women undergoing urodynamic investigations during this period. Data were collected on age, menopausal status, parity, cystometric diagnosis and voiding dysfunction.RESULTS: In all, 117 patients provided a urine sample before cystometry; 12 of these patients had a positive culture, giving an incidence of 10.3% for unsuspected asymptomatic bacteriuria before cystometry. There was a significant association between age and the presence of UTI before cystometry (P = 0.003) and between this UTI and sensory urgency (P = 0.01). There was no similar significant association with detrusor instability or genuine stress incontinence. Nineteen of the 97 patients who had negative bacteriology before cystometry had a positive urine culture afterward. Compared with patients who had a negative sample, there was no significant association with age, parity, menopausal status, abnormal cystometry or voiding dysfunction.CONCLUSION: These results do not support a policy of universal screening for bacteriuria before urodynamic investigation. Asymptomatic bacteriuria did not influence the urodynamic outcome except in patients with sensory urgency. However, we recommend that screening and treatment be considered individually in older women who are being investigated for irritative bladder symptoms. About 20% of the present patients developed UTI after the urodynamic investigation. This information should be included in the counselling before urodynamic investigation and should be incorporated into the patient information leaflet as part of good clinical practice.
|
['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Bacteriuria', 'Enterobacteriaceae', 'Enterobacteriaceae Infections', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Middle Aged', 'Prospective Studies', 'Risk Factors', 'Urinary Tract Infections', 'Urodynamics']
| 12,010,229
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['C01.915.219', 'C12.777.892.219', 'C13.351.968.892.219'], ['B03.440.450.425', 'B03.660.250.150'], ['C01.150.252.400.310'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['C01.915', 'C12.777.892', 'C13.351.968.892'], ['G08.852.898']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Loss of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 4 (MAP3K4) reveals a requirement for MAPK signalling in mouse sex determination.
|
Sex determination in mammals is controlled by the presence or absence of the Y-linked gene SRY. In the developing male (XY) gonad, sex-determining region of the Y (SRY) protein acts to up-regulate expression of the related gene, SOX9, a transcriptional regulator that in turn initiates a downstream pathway of testis development, whilst also suppressing ovary development. Despite the requirement for a number of transcription factors and secreted signalling molecules in sex determination, intracellular signalling components functioning in this process have not been defined. Here we report a role for the phylogenetically ancient mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling pathway in mouse sex determination. Using a forward genetic screen, we identified the recessive boygirl (byg) mutation. On the C57BL/6J background, embryos homozygous for byg exhibit consistent XY gonadal sex reversal. The byg mutation is an A to T transversion causing a premature stop codon in the gene encoding MAP3K4 (also known as MEKK4), a mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase. Analysis of XY byg/byg gonads at 11.5 d post coitum reveals a growth deficit and a failure to support mesonephric cell migration, both early cellular processes normally associated with testis development. Expression analysis of mutant XY gonads at the same stage also reveals a dramatic reduction in Sox9 and, crucially, Sry at the transcript and protein levels. Moreover, we describe experiments showing the presence of activated MKK4, a direct target of MAP3K4, and activated p38 in the coelomic region of the XY gonad at 11.5 d post coitum, establishing a link between MAPK signalling in proliferating gonadal somatic cells and regulation of Sry expression. Finally, we provide evidence that haploinsufficiency for Map3k4 accounts for T-associated sex reversal (Tas). These data demonstrate that MAP3K4-dependent signalling events are required for normal expression of Sry during testis development, and create a novel entry point into the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying sex determination in mice and disorders of sexual development in humans.
|
['Animals', 'Disorders of Sex Development', 'Female', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental', 'Humans', 'MAP Kinase Kinase Kinase 4', 'MAP Kinase Signaling System', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Ovary', 'Point Mutation', 'Sex Determination Processes', 'Sex-Determining Region Y Protein', 'Testis']
| 19,753,101
|
[['B01.050'], ['C12.706.316', 'C13.351.875.253', 'C16.131.939.316', 'C19.391.119'], ['G05.308.310'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.559.400', 'D12.644.360.400.400', 'D12.776.476.400.400'], ['G02.111.820.560', 'G03.493.560', 'G04.835.560'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['A05.360.319.114.630', 'A05.360.576.497', 'A06.300.312.497'], ['G05.365.590.675'], ['G05.813', 'G07.345.500.325.377.812', 'G07.345.750.437', 'G08.686.841.437'], ['D12.776.260.719.049', 'D12.776.660.235.400.750.049', 'D12.776.664.235.400.750.049', 'D12.776.930.823.049'], ['A05.360.444.849', 'A05.360.576.782', 'A06.300.312.782']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Efficacy of a polyvalent inactivated-virus vaccine in protecting mice from infection with clinical strains of group B coxsackieviruses.
|
A polyvalent vaccine developed from formalin-inactivated prototype strains of coxsackieviruses group B1-6 was tested for its ability to protect mice from acute infection with clinical strains. Adolescent male CD1 mice received an intraperitoneal injection, repeated once or twice at 8 day intervals, containing 0.3 ml placebo or vaccine. Eight days after the final dose of vaccine, groups of 4 mice were challenged with 1 x 10(4) plaque-forming units of a test strain of group B coxsackievirus, and killed 3 days later. The mean neutralizing antibody titers for the 29 strains tested (4 mice/strain, log2) were 2.2 +/- 0.6, 3.3 +/- 0.9 or 6.4 +/- 1.7 after 1, 2 or 3 doses of vaccine, respectively. In mice receiving 2 or 3 doses of vaccine, titers of virus were significantly lower in the pancreas and/or blood in 7/14 or 14/15 strains, respectively, compared to unvaccinated infected controls. Uninfected, vaccinated mice failed to develop islet cell autoantibodies, histopathological abnormalities in the pancreas, or evidence of viral RNA in the pancreas 12 weeks after 3 doses of vaccine. Thus, prophylaxis with a polyvalent, inactivated-virus vaccine reduced the severity of acute infection with clinical strains of coxsackie group B viruses. A schedule of 3 doses of vaccine was superior to 1 or 2 doses.
|
['Acute Disease', 'Animals', 'Antibodies, Viral', 'Coxsackievirus Infections', 'Enterovirus B, Human', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Species Specificity', 'Vaccines, Inactivated', 'Viral Vaccines']
| 7,747,099
|
[['C23.550.291.125'], ['B01.050'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.254', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.254', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.254'], ['C01.925.782.687.359.213'], ['B04.820.578.750.284.182'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['G16.824'], ['D20.215.894.830'], ['D20.215.894.899']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Successful treatment of mycotic thoracic aortic aneurysm by in situ graft replacement with omental wrapping.
|
Mycotic thoracic aortic aneurysm is a fatal disease. We report a case of a 67-year-old man presenting with contained rupture of a mycotic thoracic aortic aneurysm. Urgent in situ graft replacement was successfully performed with omental wrapping to prevent postoperative graft infection.
|
['Aged', 'Aneurysm, Infected', 'Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic', 'Aortic Rupture', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Omentum', 'Vascular Surgical Procedures']
| 16,519,134
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['C01.069', 'C14.907.055.131'], ['C14.907.055.239.125', 'C14.907.109.139.125'], ['C14.907.055.185.125', 'C14.907.055.239.175', 'C14.907.109.139.175', 'C26.761.125'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A01.923.047.025.600.573'], ['E04.100.814']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Comparing the results of limited incision technique and standard longitudinal incision technique for carpal tunnel decompression by numerical grading system.
|
The carpal tunnel syndrome is the most common nerve entrapment syndrome. Many different methods have been described for treatment. We performed a novel method to release the carpal tunnel. Subsequently, we compared the surgery results of this novel limited incision technique and the standard longitudinal incision technique by using a 'Numerical Grading System'. There is no reported study about the use of 'Numerical Grading System' for assessment of carpal tunnel syndrome in the literature. The novel technique is simple and effective, employs inexpensive instruments, and has a low complication rate. The aim of this paper is to record a novel limited incision technique and a new assessment method for the carpal tunnel syndrome.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Carpal Tunnel Syndrome', 'Decompression, Surgical', 'Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Hand Strength', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Preoperative Care', 'Pressure', 'Severity of Illness Index', 'Surgical Instruments', 'Transducers', 'Young Adult']
| 19,263,354
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C10.668.829.500.500.200', 'C10.668.829.550.200', 'C26.844.150.206'], ['E04.188'], ['E01.158', 'L01.313.500.750.100.158'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['E01.370.600.425.500', 'G11.427.560.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C23.550.767'], ['E02.760.795', 'E04.604.750', 'N02.421.585.795'], ['G01.374.715'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475.456.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.364.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.364.500'], ['E07.858.700'], ['E07.305.812'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Facilitated AMPAR endocytosis causally contributes to the maternal sleep deprivation-induced impairments of synaptic plasticity and cognition in the offspring rats.
|
Maternal sleep deprivation (MSD) has been suggested to be associated with increased frequency of neurodevelopmental disorders in offspring in both humans and animal models. However, the underlying cellular and molecular mechanism is still unclear. We have recently reported that MSD at different stages of pregnancy impairs the emotional and cognitive functions, and suppresses hippocampal CA1 long-term potentiation (LTP) in the offspring rats. Here, we report that the MSD induced LTP impairment at the CA1 hippocampus of the offspring rats is associated with increased long-term depression (LTD) and reduced expression of postsynaptic GluA2-containing á-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-isoxazole-4-propionic acid receptors (AMPARs). Importantly, we found that inhibition of AMPAR endocytosis by a synthetic peptide Tat-GluA23Y (3 ìmol/kg, i.p.) not only increased level of AMPARs and reduced LTD, but also restored LTP. Moreover, treatment with Tat-GluA23Y peptide markedly alleviated the MSD-induced impairments of spatial learning and memory; and decreased depressive- and anxiety-like behaviors in the offspring. Together, our findings suggest that the MSD-induced postsynaptic AMPAR endocytosis causally contributes to the impairments of hippocampal synaptic plasticity, thereby disrupting the emotional and cognitive functions in the offspring.
|
['Animals', 'Animals, Newborn', 'Disks Large Homolog 4 Protein', 'Endocytosis', 'Escape Reaction', 'Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials', 'Female', 'Hippocampus', 'Male', 'Maze Learning', 'Neurodevelopmental Disorders', 'Neuronal Plasticity', 'Pregnancy', 'Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Reaction Time', 'Receptors, AMPA', 'Sleep Deprivation', 'Swimming']
| 29,378,210
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.050.282'], ['D08.811.913.696.650.450.750', 'D12.644.360.265', 'D12.776.476.265', 'D12.776.543.219', 'D12.776.631.224'], ['G04.417'], ['F01.145.113.780.688', 'F01.145.367', 'F01.145.875.439.500.688', 'G07.568.500.590.688', 'G11.427.410.568.850.688'], ['G04.580.887.249', 'G07.265.675.887.249', 'G07.265.880.750.199', 'G11.561.570.918.249', 'G11.561.830.750.199'], ['A08.186.211.180.405', 'A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.345'], ['F02.463.425.874.500'], ['F03.625'], ['G11.561.638'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['C13.703.824.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['E05.796.817', 'F02.830.650', 'F04.669.817', 'G11.561.677'], ['D12.776.157.530.400.400.500.100', 'D12.776.543.550.450.500.200.100', 'D12.776.543.585.400.500.200.100', 'D12.776.543.750.720.200.450.400.100'], ['C10.886.425.175', 'C23.888.592.796.772', 'F02.830.855.671', 'F03.870.400.099'], ['G11.427.410.568.800', 'G11.427.410.698.277.875', 'I03.350.875', 'I03.450.642.845.945.500']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Influence of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene on conventional and ambulatory blood pressure: sib-pair analysis and haplotype study.
|
BACKGROUND: Nitric oxide is involved in the regulation of vascular basal tone and blood pressure. Polymorphisms of NOS3, the gene that codes for endothelial nitric oxide synthase, have been associated with essential hypertension.OBJECTIVE: To look for linkage and association of three di-allelic polymorphisms (Glu298Asp, intron 4 VNTR and T-786C) and the intron 13 CA-repeat of NOS3 with blood pressure as a continuous trait.METHODS: Genotyping was performed in 110 dizygotic white twin pairs from Flanders, Belgium. The influence of NOS3 polymorphisms on conventional and ambulatory blood pressure was assessed by sib-pair analysis and haplotype association analysis.RESULTS: Genotype frequencies were similar to those previously reported in white populations. Sib-pair analysis did not show a significant influence of either polymorphism on blood pressure. Haplotype analysis disclosed a significant association between NOS3 haplotypes and daytime ambulatory diastolic (P = 0.02) and systolic (P < 0.0001) blood pressure, the latter remaining significant after multiple testing was taken into account (P = 0.032). The association between daytime ambulatory systolic blood pressure and NOS3 haplotypes was mainly attributable to four haplotypes accounting for 11.9% of all represented haplotypes.CONCLUSION: We show for the first time a highly significant association of ambulatory blood pressure with NOS3 haplotypes in well-characterized white individuals from Flanders. These results pave the way for studies looking for the influence of NOS3 on blood pressure in high-risk subsets such as diabetic or hypertensive patients. They indicate the importance of ambulatory blood pressure and haplotype analysis in revealing the moderate effect of polymorphisms on blood pressure.
|
['Adult', 'Angiotensin Amide', 'Belgium', 'Blood Pressure', 'Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory', 'Female', 'Haplotypes', 'Humans', 'Linkage Disequilibrium', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Nitric Oxide Synthase', 'Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III', 'Twins, Dizygotic']
| 15,775,780
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D12.644.456.073.041.050', 'D23.469.050.050.050.050'], ['Z01.542.115'], ['E01.370.600.875.249', 'G09.330.380.076'], ['E01.370.370.140.100', 'E01.370.520.500.100'], ['G05.380.360'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G05.348.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D08.811.682.664.500.772'], ['D08.811.682.664.500.772.750'], ['M01.438.873.920']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
|
Neural mass models as a tool to investigate neural dynamics during seizures.
|
Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorders and is characterized by recurrent seizures. We use theoretical neuroscience tools to study brain dynamics during seizures. We derive and simulate a computational model of a network of hippocampal neuronal populations. Each population within the network is based on a model that has been shown to replicate the electrophysiological dynamics observed during seizures. The results provide insights into possible mechanisms for seizure spread. We observe that epileptiform activity remains localized to a pathological region when a global connectivity parameter is less than a critical value. After establishing the critical value for seizure spread, we explored how to correct the effect by altering particular synaptic gains. The spreading of seizures is quantified using numerical methods for seizure detection. The results from this study provide a new avenue of exploration for seizure control.
|
['Brain', 'Electroencephalography', 'Epilepsy', 'Hippocampus', 'Humans', 'Models, Neurological', 'Seizures']
| 28,102,460
|
[['A08.186.211'], ['E01.370.376.300', 'E01.370.405.245'], ['C10.228.140.490'], ['A08.186.211.180.405', 'A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.345'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.599.395.642'], ['C10.597.742', 'C23.888.592.742']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Flavonoid metabolites and susceptibility of rat lipoproteins to oxidation.
|
Flavonoids are ingested with vegetables and beverages and exert a beneficial effect on cardiovascular disease. Studies in animals in vitro and in humans ex vivo on the resistance of lipoproteins to oxidation are not consistent and the mechanisms by which flavonoids protect against atherosclerosis are a matter of debate. In the present study, we investigated the effects of administering diets containing 0.3% (wt/wt) quercetin, 0.3% (wt/wt) catechin, or 35% (vol/wt) dealcoholated red wine (DRW) for 10 days in healthy rats on markers of oxidative damage in lipoproteins and in plasma. The antioxidant levels in low-density lipoproteins (LDL) or the lag phase, oxidation rate, and maximum level of conjugated dienes during ex vivo LDL oxidation did not differ between control and treated rats. Plasma levels of alpha-tocopherol and retinol were similar in all groups. The total antioxidant status of the plasma from rats fed either quercetin or DRW diet was higher than in control rats. Only glucuronide and sulfate compounds of quercetin were detected in plasma from rats fed the quercetin-rich diet, and no flavonoids or their metabolites were detected in plasma or LDL from rats fed the catechin- or the DRW-rich diet. No significant differences in malondialdehyde or in conjugated dienes in plasma were observed. These results indicate that although metabolites from quercetin are present in plasma, they are not detected in lipoproteins and do not modify the level of other antioxidants. In conclusion, in the absence of any pathology or of oxidative stress the intake of quercetin, catechin, or DRW did not protect lipoproteins from oxidation ex vivo.
|
['Animal Feed', 'Animals', 'Arteriosclerosis', 'Catechin', 'Cholesterol, LDL', 'Flavonoids', 'Lipoproteins', 'Male', 'Oxidation-Reduction', 'Quercetin', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Vitamin A', 'Wine', 'alpha-Tocopherol']
| 15,308,478
|
[['G07.203.300.300.100', 'J02.500.300.100'], ['B01.050'], ['C14.907.137.126'], ['D03.383.663.283.240.190', 'D03.383.663.283.266.450.206', 'D03.633.100.150.240.190', 'D03.633.100.150.266.450.206'], ['D04.210.500.247.808.197.244', 'D10.532.515.500', 'D10.570.938.208.275', 'D12.776.521.550.500'], ['D03.383.663.283.266.450', 'D03.633.100.150.266.450'], ['D10.532', 'D12.776.521'], ['G02.700', 'G03.295.531'], ['D03.383.663.283.266.450.284.777', 'D03.633.100.150.266.450.284.777'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['D02.455.326.271.665.202.495.818', 'D02.455.426.392.368.367.379.249.700.860', 'D02.455.849.131.495.818', 'D02.455.849.291.925', 'D23.767.261.700.860'], ['G07.203.100.100.900', 'G07.203.200.887', 'J02.200.100.900', 'J02.350.887'], ['D03.383.663.283.909.750.249', 'D03.633.100.150.909.750.249']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The effect of dim light at night on cerebral hemodynamic oscillations during sleep: A near-infrared spectroscopy study.
|
Recent studies have reported that dim light at night (dLAN) is associated with risks of cardiovascular complications, such as hypertension and carotid atherosclerosis; however, little is known about the underlying mechanism. Here, we evaluated the effect of dLAN on the cerebrovascular system by analyzing cerebral hemodynamic oscillations using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). Fourteen healthy male subjects underwent polysomnography coupled with cerebral NIRS. The data collected during sleep with dim light (10 lux) were compared with those collected during sleep under the control dark conditions for the sleep structure, cerebral hemodynamic oscillations, heart rate variability (HRV), and their electroencephalographic (EEG) power spectrum. Power spectral analysis was applied to oxy-hemoglobin concentrations calculated from the NIRS signal. Spectral densities over endothelial very-low-frequency oscillations (VLFOs) (0.003-0.02 Hz), neurogenic VLFOs (0.02-0.04 Hz), myogenic low-frequency oscillations (LFOs) (0.04-0.15 Hz), and total LFOs (0.003-0.15 Hz) were obtained for each sleep stage. The polysomnographic data revealed an increase in the N2 stage under the dLAN conditions. The spectral analysis of cerebral hemodynamics showed that the total LFOs increased significantly during slow-wave sleep (SWS) and decreased during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. Specifically, endothelial (median of normalized value, 0.46 vs. 0.72, p = 0.019) and neurogenic (median, 0.58 vs. 0.84, p = 0.019) VLFOs were enhanced during SWS, whereas endothelial VLFOs (median, 1.93 vs. 1.47, p = 0.030) were attenuated during REM sleep. HRV analysis exhibited altered spectral densities during SWS induced by dLAN, including an increase in very-low-frequency and decreases in low-frequency and high-frequency ranges. In the EEG power spectral analysis, no significant difference was detected between the control and dLAN conditions. In conclusion, dLAN can disturb cerebral hemodynamics via the endothelial and autonomic systems without cortical involvement, predominantly during SWS, which might represent an underlying mechanism of the increased cerebrovascular risk associated with light exposure during sleep.
|
['Adult', 'Cerebrum', 'Electroencephalography', 'Hemodynamics', 'Humans', 'Light', 'Male', 'Neurovascular Coupling', 'Polysomnography', 'Sleep, REM', 'Sleep, Slow-Wave', 'Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared', 'Young Adult']
| 29,064,336
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287'], ['E01.370.376.300', 'E01.370.405.245'], ['G09.330.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G01.358.500.505.650', 'G01.590.540', 'G01.750.250.650', 'G01.750.770.578'], ['G09.330.100.159.500'], ['E01.370.520.625'], ['F02.830.855.796.671', 'G11.561.803.754.671'], ['F02.830.855.796.835', 'G11.561.803.754.835'], ['E01.370.350.750', 'E05.196.867.851'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Prevalence and correlates of community re-entry challenges faced by HIV-infected male prisoners in Malaysia.
|
HIV-infected prisoners face an inordinate number of community re-entry challenges. In 2007, 102 HIV-infected prisoners in Malaysia were surveyed anonymously within six months prior to release to assess the prevalence and correlates of community re-entry challenges. Staying out of prison (60.8%), remaining off drugs (39.2%), finding employment (35.3%) and obtaining HIV care (32.4%) were the re-entry challenges reported most frequently. Global stigma, negative self-image and public attitudes-related stigma were independently associated with challenges to obtaining HIV care. In multivariate analyses, those with previous incarcerations (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 3.2; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.4-7.6), higher HIV-related symptoms (AOR, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.0-4.1) and higher public attitudes-related stigma (AOR, 2.5; 95% CI, 1.2-5.1) had a significantly higher likelihood of identifying more re-entry challenges. Targeted interventions, such as effective drug treatment, HIV care and public awareness campaigns, are crucial for stemming the HIV epidemic and improving health outcomes among HIV-infected prisoners in Malaysia.
|
['Adult', 'HIV Infections', 'Humans', 'Logistic Models', 'Malaysia', 'Male', 'Prevalence', 'Prisoners']
| 20,606,222
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['C01.221.250.875', 'C01.221.812.640.400', 'C01.778.640.400', 'C01.925.782.815.616.400', 'C01.925.813.400', 'C20.673.480'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.740.500.525', 'E05.318.740.600.800.450', 'E05.318.740.750.450', 'E05.599.835.875', 'N05.715.360.750.530.480', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.450', 'N05.715.360.750.695.470', 'N06.850.520.830.500.525', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.450', 'N06.850.520.830.750.450'], ['Z01.252.145.487'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['M01.729']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Short-term clinical outcomes after HLA 1-locus mismatched uPBSCT are similar to that after HLA-matched uPBSCT and uBMT.
|
In Japan, use of unrelated peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (uPBSCT) from HLA-mismatched unrelated donors has recently been approved. We compared outcomes between HLA-matched and 1-locus mismatched uPBSCT, as well as the impact of HLA disparity in uPBSCT and in unrelated bone marrow transplantation (uBMT). In total, 5862 uBMT recipients and 234 uPBSCT recipients were included. In terms of HLA allele disparity, 185 uPBSCT patients (79.1%) had no HLA mismatch, and 49 (20.9%) had 1-locus mismatch; in comparison, 3585 uBMT patients (61.2%) had no HLA mismatch, and 2277 (38.8%) had 1-locus mismatch. The impact of 1-locus mismatch as compared with match in uPBSCT was not significantly higher than in uBMT [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.02 and 1.27 for grade III-IV acute graft-versus-host disease, HR = 0.98 and 1.14 for non-relapse mortality, and HR = 0.87 and 1.06 for overall survival, respectively]. In conclusion, the impact of single-locus mismatch on short-term outcomes was comparable in uPBSCT and uBMT. Larger studies with longer follow-up are needed to assess long-term outcomes.
|
['Acute Disease', 'Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Alleles', 'Antilymphocyte Serum', 'Bone Marrow Transplantation', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Feasibility Studies', 'Female', 'Graft vs Host Disease', 'HLA Antigens', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Survival Rate', 'Time Factors', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Unrelated Donors', 'Young Adult']
| 30,877,606
|
[['C23.550.291.125'], ['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.030'], ['A12.207.152.846.500.203', 'D12.776.124.486.485.114.573.203', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.573.203', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.573.203', 'D20.215.401.203'], ['E02.095.147.725.040', 'E04.936.580.040'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['E05.318.372.550', 'E05.337.675', 'N05.715.360.330.550', 'N06.850.520.450.550'], ['C20.452'], ['D23.050.301.500.450', 'D23.050.705.552.450'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E02.095.147.500.500.500.500', 'E04.936.225.687.500.500'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.900', 'N01.224.935.698.826', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.900', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.900'], ['G01.910.857'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['M01.898.828'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Eighteen-month evaluation of the effects of a 0.4% stannous fluoride gel on gingivitis in orthodontic patients.
|
The purpose of this study was to determine whether conventional toothbrushing and twice daily use of a brush-on 0.4% stannous fluoride (SnF2) gel containing more than 90% available Sn2+ would be more effective for controlling plaque accumulation and gingivitis in the presence of orthodontic appliances than conventional toothbrushing alone. Consecutively treated adolescents who were to receive full-mouth fixed orthodontic appliances were assigned to one of two groups according to age and sex criteria. The first group (control, n = 35) used toothbrushing with a standard fluoride toothpaste, whereas the second group (treatment, n = 30) used toothbrushing supplemented with a 0.4% SnF2 gel used twice daily for the entire 18-month study period. Clinical assessments (Plaque Index, Gingival Index, bleeding tendency, and coronal staining) were made single blind before appliances were placed and 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 18 months after appliances were placed. Complete data were obtained for 32 control and 23 SnF2 gel subjects. The results indicated that the SnF2 gel group had significantly lower scores for plaque index (p < 0.01), gingival index (p < 0.001), and bleeding tendency (p < 0.001) at all examinations than did the control group. In the SnF2 group, one subject developed mild coronal staining, and two subjects developed moderate staining. We conclude that the use of a 0.4% SnF2 gel containing more than 90% available Sn2+ is an effective adjunct to mechanical tooth cleaning in preventing gingivitis in adolescents undergoing orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances.
|
['Adolescent', 'Analysis of Variance', 'Child', 'Dental Plaque', 'Dental Plaque Index', 'Gels', 'Gingivitis', 'Humans', 'Longitudinal Studies', 'Male', 'Observer Variation', 'Orthodontic Appliances', 'Patient Compliance', 'Periodontal Index', 'Single-Blind Method', 'Tin Fluorides', 'Toothbrushing']
| 8,291,491
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['E05.318.740.150', 'N05.715.360.750.125', 'N06.850.520.830.150'], ['M01.060.406'], ['C07.793.208.377'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.300.300', 'E06.208.250', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.300.325', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.300.300', 'N06.890.160.090'], ['D20.280.320', 'D26.255.165.320'], ['C01.408', 'C07.465.714.258.480'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.500'], ['E01.354.753', 'N02.421.450.600', 'N05.715.350.150.675', 'N06.850.490.500.250'], ['E06.658.453'], ['F01.100.150.750.500.600', 'F01.145.488.887.500.600', 'N05.300.150.800.500.600'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.300.725', 'E06.208.720', 'E06.721.658', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.300.690', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.300.725', 'N06.890.160.215'], ['E05.318.370.850', 'N05.715.360.325.730', 'N06.850.520.445.850'], ['D01.303.350.300.950', 'D01.935.925', 'D25.223.800', 'J01.637.051.223.800'], ['E06.761.726.794']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Physical self-maintenance, mental status, and personality in institutionalized elderly adults.
|
Administered the projective Hand Test (HT) to 52 institutionalized elderly adults in order to establish its validity in measuring individual differences in relationships between mental status and physical self-maintenance ability. Results suggested substantial covariance among level of self-care, organic dysfunction, and personality, independent of length of institutionalization. Implications of these data for the functional assessment of institutionalized older adults are discussed.
|
['Aged', 'Dementia', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Institutionalization', 'Male', 'Personality Assessment', 'Psychometrics', 'Self Care']
| 6,874,986
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['C10.228.140.380', 'F03.615.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.760.415', 'N02.421.585.415'], ['F04.513'], ['F04.711.780'], ['E02.900', 'I03.050.563', 'N02.421.784.680']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
[R-(Z)]-4-amino-3-chloro-2-pentenedioic acid, a new antibiotic. Fermentation, isolation and characterization.
|
A new unsaturated glutamic acid analog, 4-amino-3-chloro-2-pentenedioic acid ( ACPA ) was isolated from a fermentation broth produced by a strain of Streptomyces. ACPA has a very narrow antibacterial spectrum, which is virtually limited to Micrococcus luteus.
|
['Anti-Bacterial Agents', 'Bacillus subtilis', 'Chemical Phenomena', 'Chemistry', 'Fermentation', 'Glutamates', 'Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy', 'Microbial Sensitivity Tests', 'Micrococcus', 'Streptomyces', 'X-Ray Diffraction']
| 6,427,163
|
[['D27.505.954.122.085'], ['B03.300.390.400.158.218.725', 'B03.353.500.100.218.725', 'B03.510.100.100.218.725', 'B03.510.415.400.158.218.725', 'B03.510.460.410.158.218.725'], ['G02'], ['H01.181'], ['G02.111.158.249', 'G03.191.249'], ['D12.125.067.625', 'D12.125.119.409'], ['E05.196.867.519'], ['E01.370.225.875.595', 'E05.200.875.595', 'E05.337.550.400'], ['B03.510.024.850.500', 'B03.510.400.500.500'], ['B03.300.390.400.810.768', 'B03.510.024.997.775', 'B03.510.415.400.810.768', 'B03.510.460.410.810.768'], ['E05.196.309.742', 'E05.196.822.950', 'G01.867.950', 'G02.965']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Comparative genomic analysis of fungal genomes reveals intron-rich ancestors.
|
BACKGROUND: Eukaryotic protein-coding genes are interrupted by spliceosomal introns, which are removed from transcripts before protein translation. Many facets of spliceosomal intron evolution, including age, mechanisms of origins, the role of natural selection, and the causes of the vast differences in intron number between eukaryotic species, remain debated. Genome sequencing and comparative analysis has made possible whole genome analysis of intron evolution to address these questions.RESULTS: We analyzed intron positions in 1,161 sets of orthologous genes across 25 eukaryotic species. We find strong support for an intron-rich fungus-animal ancestor, with more than four introns per kilobase, comparable to the highest known modern intron densities. Indeed, the fungus-animal ancestor is estimated to have had more introns than any of the extant fungi in this study. Thus, subsequent fungal evolution has been characterized by widespread and recurrent intron loss occurring in all fungal clades. These results reconcile three previously proposed methods for estimation of ancestral intron number, which previously gave very different estimates of ancestral intron number for eight eukaryotic species, as well as a fourth more recent method. We do not find a clear inverse correspondence between rates of intron loss and gain, contrary to the predictions of selection-based proposals for interspecific differences in intron number.CONCLUSION: Our results underscore the high intron density of eukaryotic ancestors and the widespread importance of intron loss through eukaryotic evolution.
|
['Bayes Theorem', 'Computational Biology', 'Computer Simulation', 'Evolution, Molecular', 'Genome, Fungal', 'Genomics', 'Introns', 'Phylogeny', 'Selection, Genetic', 'Spliceosomes']
| 17,949,488
|
[['E05.318.740.600.200', 'N05.715.360.750.625.150', 'N06.850.520.830.600.200'], ['H01.158.273.180', 'L01.313.124'], ['L01.224.160'], ['G05.045.250', 'G16.075.250'], ['G05.360.340.358.365'], ['H01.158.273.180.350', 'H01.158.273.343.350'], ['G05.360.340.024.220.400', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.515'], ['G05.697', 'G16.075.605', 'L01.100.697'], ['G05.783'], ['A11.284.430.106.279.345.850']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Endogenous cortisol production in response to knee arthroscopy and total knee arthroplasty.
|
BACKGROUND: There is controversy about whether patients who take exogenous glucocorticoids, such as prednisone, require supplemental (exogenous) glucocorticoids in order to meet the physiological demands of surgery. In this study, we sought to define the magnitude of the surgical stress response in normal patients undergoing major and minor elective orthopaedic surgery.METHODS: A prospective, observational study of thirty patients who had not taken exogenous glucocorticoids and who underwent either elective knee arthroscopy or elective unilateral total knee arthroplasty was performed. Regional anesthesia was used for all patients, and all patients treated with total knee arthroplasty had continuous epidural anesthesia for forty-eight hours after the surgery. The stress response was assessed on the basis of serum and twenty-four-hour urine cortisol levels; comparisons of the urine values were made after correcting for renal function by calculating the cortisol-to-creatinine clearance ratio.RESULTS: Preoperatively, patients undergoing arthroscopy and total knee arthroplasty had similar cortisol-to-creatinine clearance ratios. Patients treated with total knee arthroplasty had a significant (p < 0.001) surgical stress response on the day of the surgery, compared with baseline, whereas patients treated with arthroscopy did not. The mean cortisol-to-creatinine clearance ratio in patients treated with total knee arthroplasty was highest on the day of the surgery and decreased on the third postoperative day. However, on the third postoperative day, the cortisol-to-creatinine clearance ratio still was significantly higher than the baseline value (p < 0.001). Significant differences in the serum cortisol levels also were detected between the patients treated with arthroscopy and those treated with total knee replacement.CONCLUSIONS: Patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty had a significant surgical stress response (a seventeenfold increase in the cortisol-to-creatinine clearance ratio); patients treated with arthroscopy did not. Additional studies, including a prospective trial of patients taking exogenous glucocorticoids, are warranted. Until they are performed, the significantly increased cortisol production observed in non-steroid-dependent patients following total knee arthroplasty leaves open the possibility that steroid-dependent patients undergoing this procedure could benefit from perioperative glucocorticoid supplementation. Since the non-steroid-dependent patients in the present series did not mount a substantial stress response to knee arthroscopy, our results do not support the use of supplemental steroids for that less-invasive procedure.
|
['Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee', 'Arthroscopy', 'Cohort Studies', 'Humans', 'Hydrocortisone', 'Knee Joint', 'Prospective Studies', 'Stress, Physiological']
| 14,630,847
|
[['E04.555.110.110.115', 'E04.650.110.115', 'E04.680.101.110.115'], ['E01.370.388.250.070', 'E04.502.250.070', 'E04.555.113'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D04.210.500.745.745.654.600', 'D06.472.040.585.353.476', 'D06.472.040.585.478.392'], ['A02.835.583.475'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['G07.775']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Factors associated with co-morbid irritable bowel syndrome and chronic fatigue-like symptoms in functional dyspepsia.
|
BACKGROUND: It is unclear which factors explain the high co-morbidity between functional dyspepsia (FD) and other functional somatic syndromes. The aim of this study is to investigate the association between gastric sensorimotor function, psychosocial factors and 'somatization' on the one hand, and co-morbid irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and chronic fatigue (CF)-like symptoms on the other, in FD.METHODS: In 259 tertiary care FD patients, we studied gastric sensorimotor function with barostat (sensitivity, accommodation). We measured psychosocial factors (abuse history, alexithymia, trait anxiety, depression, panic disorder) and 'somatization' using self-report questionnaires, and presence of IBS and CF-like symptoms. Hierarchical multiple logistic regression was used to determine which of these factors were independently associated with co-morbid IBS and CF-like symptoms, including testing of potential mediator effects.KEY RESULTS: Co-morbid IBS or CF-like symptoms respectively were found in 142 (56.8%) and 102 (39.4%) patients; both co-morbidities were not significantly associated (P=0.27). Gastric accommodation (â=0.003, P=0.04) and 'somatization' (â=0.17, P= 0.0003) were independent risk factors for IBS (c=0.74, P<0.0001); the effect of adult abuse (â=0.72, P=0.20) was mediated by 'somatization'. Depression (â=0.16, P=0.008) and 'somatization' (â=0.18, P=0.004) were overlapping risk factors for CF-like symptoms (c=0.83, P<0.0001); the effects of alexithymia and lifetime abuse were mediated by depression and 'somatization', respectively.CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES: 'Somatization' is a common risk factor for co-morbid IBS and CF-like symptoms in FD and mediates the effect of abuse. Gastric sensorimotor function and depression are specific risk factors for co-morbid IBS and CF-like symptoms, respectively.
|
['Adult', 'Comorbidity', 'Dyspepsia', 'Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Irritable Bowel Syndrome', 'Middle Aged', 'Risk Factors', 'Stomach', 'Surveys and Questionnaires']
| 21,255,194
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['N05.715.350.225', 'N06.850.490.687'], ['C23.888.821.236'], ['C01.925.330', 'C05.651.310', 'C10.228.440.600', 'C10.668.364'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C06.405.469.158.272.608'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['A03.556.875.875'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Purinergic signalling - a possible mechanism for KCNQ1 channel response to cell volume challenges.
|
AIM: A number of K(+) channels are regulated by small, fast changes in cell volume. The mechanisms underlying cell volume sensitivity are not known, but one possible mechanism could be purinergic signalling. Volume activated ATP release could trigger signalling pathways that subsequently lead to ion channel stimulation and cell volume back-regulation. Our aim was to investigate whether volume sensitivity of the voltage-gated K(+) channel, KCNQ1, is dependent on ATP release and regulation by purinergic signalling.METHODS: We used Xenopus oocytes heterologously expressing human KCNQ1, KCNE1, water channels (AQP1) and P2Y2 receptors. ATP release was monitored by a luciferin-luciferase assay and ion channel conductance was recorded by two-electrode voltage clamp.RESULTS: The luminescence assay showed that oocytes released ATP in response to mechanical, hypoosmotic stimuli and hyperosmotic stimuli. Basal ATP release was approx. three times higher in the KCNQ1 + AQP1 and KCNQ1 injected oocytes compared to the non-injected ones. Exogenously added ATP (0.1 mm) did not have any substantial effect on volume-induced KCNQ1 currents. Nevertheless, apyrase decreased all currents by about 50%. Suramin inhibited about 23% of the KCNQ1 volume sensitivity. Expression of P2Y2 receptors stimulated endogenous Cl(-) channels, but it also led to 68% inhibition of the KCNQ1 currents. Adenosine (0.1 mm) also inhibited the KCNQ1 currents by about 56%.CONCLUSION: Xenopus oocytes release ATP in response to mechanical stimuli and cell volume changes. Purinergic P2 and P1 receptors confer some of the KCNQ1 channel volume sensitivity, although endogenous adenosine receptors and expressed P2Y2 receptors do so in the negative direction.
|
['Adenosine', 'Adenosine Triphosphate', 'Animals', 'Aquaporin 1', 'Cell Size', 'Genes, Reporter', 'Humans', 'Ion Channel Gating', 'KCNQ1 Potassium Channel', 'Mechanotransduction, Cellular', 'Membrane Potentials', 'Oocytes', 'Osmotic Pressure', 'Patch-Clamp Techniques', 'Potassium Channels, Voltage-Gated', 'Purinergic Antagonists', 'Receptors, Purinergic', 'Receptors, Purinergic P2Y2', 'Xenopus laevis']
| 22,805,606
|
[['D03.633.100.759.590.138', 'D13.570.583.138', 'D13.570.800.096'], ['D03.633.100.759.646.138.236', 'D13.695.667.138.236', 'D13.695.827.068.236'], ['B01.050'], ['D12.776.157.530.400.500.040.374', 'D12.776.543.550.450.730.040.374', 'D12.776.543.585.400.730.040.436'], ['G04.325'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.435'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G02.111.820.400', 'G04.835.400', 'G07.265.625'], ['D12.776.157.530.400.600.900.124.249.500', 'D12.776.543.550.450.750.900.124.249.500', 'D12.776.543.585.400.750.900.124.249.500'], ['G01.154.090.500', 'G02.111.820.580', 'G04.835.580'], ['G01.154.535', 'G04.580', 'G07.265.675', 'G11.561.570'], ['A05.360.490.690.680', 'A11.497.497.600'], ['G01.374.715.578', 'G02.640.249', 'G02.723.661'], ['E05.200.500.905', 'E05.242.800'], ['D12.776.157.530.400.600.900', 'D12.776.543.550.450.750.900', 'D12.776.543.585.400.750.900'], ['D27.505.519.625.725.400', 'D27.505.696.577.725.400'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.700', 'D12.776.543.750.720.700'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.700.720.500.200', 'D12.776.543.750.720.700.720.750.200'], ['B01.050.150.900.090.180.610.500.562']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Human SY5Y neuroblastoma cell interactions with laminin isoforms: neurite outgrowth on laminin-5 is mediated by integrin alpha 3 beta 1.
|
Laminin (Ln) isoforms may play important roles in neuronal development, particularly axon guidance, but neural receptors mediating interactions with Ln are not entirely understood. In this paper, we have compared the adhesive and process outgrowth activities of a human neuroblastoma cell line SY5Y on various laminin isoforms. Cell adhesion and process outgrowth were examined on murine Ln-1 (Englebreth-Holm-Swarm sarcoma laminin), human placental Ln-1 (human Ln-1[p]), human Ln-2 (merosin), human Ln-5 (kalinin/epiligrin/nicein), and human foreskin keratinocyte extracellular matrix extract (human HFK-ECM). Ln-5 was shown to evoke process outgrowth in amounts comparable to other Ln isoforms. Antibody perturbation experiments showed that adhesion and process outgrowth on murine Ln-1 was primarily mediated by the integrin alpha 1 beta 1, whereas adhesion and outgrowth on human Ln-5 and human HFK-ECM were mediated by alpha 3 beta 1. Adhesion to human Ln-1(p) and Ln-2 was not blocked by addition of anti-alpha 1 or anti-alpha 3 antibodies alone, but adhesion was partially perturbed when these antibodies were added in combination. Process outgrowth on human Ln-1(p) was blocked when either anti-alpha 3 or anti-beta 1 antibodies were added, indicating that alpha 3 beta 1 is the primary integrin heterodimer responsible for process extension on this substrate. These results demonstrate that Ln-5 and other Ln isoforms support comparable levels of adhesion and process outgrowth, but different integrin heterodimers, alone and in combination, are used by SY5Y cells to mediate responses.
|
['Animals', 'Antibodies, Monoclonal', 'Cell Adhesion', 'Cell Adhesion Molecules', 'Cell Extracts', 'Extracellular Matrix', 'Humans', 'Integrin alpha3beta1', 'Integrins', 'Laminin', 'Mice', 'Molecular Weight', 'Neurites', 'Neuroblastoma', 'Placenta', 'Receptors, Laminin', 'Tumor Cells, Cultured']
| 8,807,189
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224'], ['G04.022'], ['D12.776.395.550.200', 'D12.776.543.550.200', 'D23.050.301.350'], ['D20.777.162'], ['A11.284.295.310'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.543.750.685.300', 'D12.776.543.750.705.408.850.249', 'D12.776.543.750.705.876.311'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.408'], ['D12.776.395.550.530', 'D12.776.543.550.500', 'D12.776.860.300.675'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['G02.494'], ['A08.675.256.500', 'A08.675.542.145.500', 'A11.284.180.610', 'A11.671.501.145.500', 'A11.671.543'], ['C04.557.465.625.600.590.650.550', 'C04.557.470.670.590.650.550', 'C04.557.580.625.600.590.650.550'], ['A16.710'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.876'], ['A11.251.860']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Two forms of spatial imagery: neuroimaging evidence.
|
Spatial imagery may be useful in such tasks as interpreting graphs and solving geometry problems, and even in performing surgery. This study provides evidence that spatial imagery is not a single faculty; rather, visualizing spatial location and mentally transforming location rely on distinct neural networks. Using 3-T functional magnetic resonance imaging, we tested 16 participants (8 male, 8 female) in each of two spatial imagery tasks--one that required visualizing location and one that required mentally rotating stimuli. The same stimuli were used in the two tasks. The location-based task engendered more activation near the occipito-parietal sulcus, medial posterior cingulate, and precuneus, whereas the transformation task engendered more activation in superior portions of the parietal lobe and in the postcentral gyrus. These differences in activation provide evidence that there are at least two different types of spatial imagery.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Brain', 'Brain Mapping', 'Cues', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Imagination', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Pattern Recognition, Visual', 'Photic Stimulation', 'Space Perception', 'Students', 'Task Performance and Analysis', 'Young Adult']
| 19,765,238
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['A08.186.211'], ['E01.370.350.578.875.500', 'E01.370.376.537.625.500', 'E05.629.875.500'], ['F02.463.425.234'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F02.463.188.634'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['F02.463.593.524.500', 'F02.463.593.932.622'], ['E05.723.729'], ['F02.463.593.778'], ['M01.848'], ['F02.784.412.846', 'F02.784.692.746', 'F02.808.600'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
No evidence of increased risk of malignancies in patients with diabetes treated with insulin detemir: a meta-analysis.
|
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Recent epidemiological studies suggest that treatment with insulin glargine (A21Gly,B31Arg,B32Arg human insulin) may promote cancer growth. The present meta-analysis was performed to assess the risk of cancer during treatment with insulin detemir (B29Lys(epsilon-tetradecanoyl),desB30 human insulin), another long-acting insulin analogue.METHODS: This meta-analysis was performed in a population of 8,693 patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes, who were included in Novo Nordisk-sponsored, randomised and controlled diabetes trials of at least 12 weeks in duration that compared insulin detemir with NPH insulin or insulin glargine. In a blinded manner, the adverse events with suspected treatment-emergent malignant tumours were obtained from these studies under three system-organ classes: 'Neoplasms benign, malignant and unspecified (including cysts and polyps)', 'Neoplasm' and 'Surgical and medical procedures'. Conditional ORs were estimated applying both the Mantel-Haenzel and Peto methods to ensure robustness of results.RESULTS: Separate analyses were performed for trials comparing insulin detemir with NPH insulin and insulin detemir with insulin glargine. In the first analysis, 16 studies were included with a total of 3,983 patients treated with insulin detemir and 2,661 patients treated with NPH insulin. In the second analysis, five studies were included with a total of 1,219 patients treated with insulin detemir and 830 patients treated with insulin glargine. The estimated OR for a cancer diagnosis between NPH insulin and insulin detemir was statistically significantly >1, with the ratio favouring insulin detemir. There was a more than twofold higher cancer occurrence in the NPH insulin-treated population. For the insulin detemir comparison with insulin glargine, there was a non-significant difference in ORs in favour of insulin detemir.CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: In these randomised controlled diabetes trials, patients treated with insulin detemir had a lower or similar occurrence of a cancer diagnosis compared with patients treated with NPH insulin or insulin glargine, respectively.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Body Mass Index', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hypoglycemic Agents', 'Incidence', 'Insulin', 'Insulin Detemir', 'Insulin, Isophane', 'Insulin, Long-Acting', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasms', 'Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic']
| 19,838,665
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.125', 'E05.041.124.125', 'G07.100.100.125', 'N06.850.505.200.100.175'], ['C18.452.394.750.124', 'C19.246.267', 'C20.111.327'], ['C18.452.394.750.149', 'C19.246.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D27.505.696.422'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.375', 'N01.224.935.597.500', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.375', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.375'], ['D06.472.699.587.200.500.625', 'D12.644.548.586.200.500.625'], ['D06.472.699.587.200.300.050', 'D12.644.548.586.200.300.050'], ['D06.472.699.587.200.300.200', 'D12.644.548.586.200.300.200'], ['D06.472.699.587.200.300', 'D12.644.548.586.200.300'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04'], ['E05.318.372.250.250.365.500', 'N05.715.360.330.250.250.365.500', 'N06.850.520.450.250.250.365.500']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Topical Silymarin Administration for Prevention of Capecitabine-Induced Hand-Foot Syndrome: A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial.
|
Hand-foot syndrome (HFS) is a frequent dose-limiting adverse reaction of capecitabine in patient with gastrointestinal cancers. Silymarin is a polyphenolic flavonoid extracted from the Silybum marianum that exhibits strong antioxidant and antiinflammatory activities. In this study, we evaluated silymarin efficacy in prevention of capecitabine-induced HFS in patients with gastrointestinal cancers, as the first human study. During this pilot, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial, the effect of silymarin gel 1%, which is applied on the palms and soles twice daily starting at the first day of chemotherapy for 9 weeks, on HFS occurrence was assessed. Forty patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria assigned to the silymarin or placebo group. World Health Organization HFS grading scale scores were recorded at baseline and every 3 weeks during these 9 weeks. The median WHO HFS scores were significantly lower in silymarin group at the end of the 9th week (p < 0.05). The scores increased significantly in both placebo and silymarin groups during chemotherapy, but there was a delay for HFS development and progression in silymarin group. Prophylactic administration of silymarin topical formulation could significantly reduce the severity of capecitabine-induced HFS and delays its occurrence in patients with gastrointestinal cancer after 9 weeks of application. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
|
['Administration, Cutaneous', 'Aged', 'Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic', 'Capecitabine', 'Female', 'Hand-Foot Syndrome', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Milk Thistle', 'Phytotherapy', 'Silymarin']
| 28,635,153
|
[['E02.319.267.120.060'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D27.505.519.186.144', 'D27.505.954.248.144', 'D27.888.569.042.030'], ['D03.383.742.680.245.500.425', 'D03.383.742.698.875.404.425', 'D13.570.230.329.313', 'D13.570.685.245.500.425'], ['C17.800.174.600.587', 'C25.100.468.380.587'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.100.525'], ['E02.190.755'], ['D03.383.663.283.266.450.268.777', 'D03.633.100.150.266.450.268.777']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Cervical Myelopathy without Symptoms in the Upper Extremities: Incidence and Presenting Characteristics.
|
BACKGROUND: Common signs and symptoms of cervical myelopathy (CM) predominantly manifest in the upper extremities and include hand numbness, hand clumsiness, and distal upper extremity weakness. CM manifesting without symptoms in the upper extremities is rare. This study aimed to better understand the incidence and character of such cases.METHODS: A retrospective review of surgeries for CM from disc herniation, spondylosis, or ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament over a 12-year period was performed to identify patients presenting without symptoms in the upper extremities.RESULTS: Of 982 surgically treated patients with CM, 12 (1.2%) had no upper extremity symptoms. All had difficulty ambulating, and 7 of 12 (58%) patients had objective lower extremity weakness. Ten (83%) patients had a history of lumbar degenerative disease. On sensory examination, 4 (33%) patients had a discernible midthoracic pin level, 3 (25%) had loss of sensation from the upper leg and genital area down, and 2 (17%) had only genital/upper thigh area sensory loss. All patients demonstrated neurologic improvement after decompressive surgery.CONCLUSIONS: Patients with CM may rarely present without symptoms in the upper extremities, presenting with numbness perceived from the upper trunk, waist area, or perineum and legs in addition to leg weakness and gait difficulty. All patients had cervical cord compression at either C5-6 or C6-7 level, accounting for 1% of all patients undergoing cervical surgery. Awareness of this atypical pattern of presentation may aid in clinical assessment of a subset of patients with cervical cord compression.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Cervical Vertebrae', 'Decompression, Surgical', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hypesthesia', 'Incidence', 'Intervertebral Disc Degeneration', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Mobility Limitation', 'Muscle Weakness', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Spinal Cord Compression', 'Spinal Cord Diseases', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Upper Extremity']
| 31,513,953
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['A02.835.232.834.151'], ['E04.188'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C10.597.751.791.500', 'C23.888.592.763.770.500'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.375', 'N01.224.935.597.500', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.375', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.375'], ['C05.116.900.153'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C23.888.550'], ['C05.651.515', 'C10.597.613.593', 'C23.550.695', 'C23.888.592.608.593'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['C10.228.854.761', 'C26.819.678'], ['C10.228.854'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['A01.378.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
The evaluation stage of the Hoeven Outcome Monitor (HOM): Towards an evidence based groundwork in forensic mental health.
|
This study examined if a macro-, meso-, and micro outcome measurement instrument that constitutes the evaluation stage of a Dutch forensic psychiatric outcome monitor, the Hoeven Outcome Monitor (HOM), can provide a first step towards a more evidence based groundwork in forensic mental health. General, serious, very serious, special, and tbs meriting recidivism during treatment, after treatment, and overall were charted for forensic psychiatric patients discharged from a Dutch forensic psychiatric centre between 1999 and 2008 (N=164). Re-conviction data were obtained from the official Criminal Records System, and the mean follow-up time was 116.2months. First, the results showed that the macro-measurements provide comparative outcome measures to generate insight into the overall effectiveness of forensic psychiatric treatment. Second, the meso-measurements yielded clinically relevant treatment outcome data for all discharged patients to generate a complete view of treatment effectiveness. Finally, the micro-measurements allowed access to detailed patient and treatment effectiveness assessments that provides the empirical foundation to conduct aetiological research into the prediction and control of high-risk behaviour. Thus, an outcome measurement instrument in line with Evidence Based Medicine and best practice guidelines was designed that provides an empirically sound evaluation framework for treatment effectiveness, and an impetus for the development of effective interventions to generate an evidence based groundwork in forensic mental health.
|
['Adult', 'Evidence-Based Medicine', 'Female', 'Forensic Psychiatry', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Mental Disorders', 'Mental Health', 'Netherlands', 'Patient Discharge', 'Recidivism']
| 28,256,255
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['H02.249.750', 'H02.403.200.400'], ['F04.096.544.335', 'H02.403.690.208', 'I01.198.780.937.469', 'I01.880.604.583.310', 'N03.706.535.351'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F03'], ['F02.418', 'N01.400.500'], ['Z01.542.651'], ['E02.760.169.125', 'E02.760.400.610', 'N02.421.585.169.125', 'N02.421.585.400.610', 'N04.590.233.727.210.125'], ['I01.198.240.679']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Replication of porcine parvovirus in peripheral blood lymphocytes, monocytes, and peritoneal macrophages.
|
Porcine peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL), peripheral blood monocytes, and peritoneal macrophages were examined for their ability to support porcine parvovirus (PPV) replication. The cell cultures were infected with the NADL-2 strain of PPV at 0.1 multiplicity of infection. PBL cultures were stimulated with the following phytomitogens: phytohemagglutinin M, concanavalin A, and pokeweed mitogen. Unstimulated PBL cultures infected with PPV and uninfected PBL stimulated with phytomitogens served as controls. All cultures were examined daily for PPV-specific immunofluorescence and hemagglutinin. PPV replicated in PBL cultures stimulated with all phytomitogens. Both viral hemagglutinin in culture fluids and nuclear immunofluorescence in cells were detected. In contrast, unstimulated PBL did not support viral replication; however, PPV antigen was detected in the cytoplasm. PPV persisted in unstimulated PBL for 21 days (duration of the experiment) without replication, but replicated each time with the addition of phytohemagglutinin M at 0, 3, 7, 14, and 21 days after infection. Uninfected PBL stimulated with phytomitogens lacked both viral hemagglutinin and immunofluorescence. Simultaneous detection of lymphocyte surface marker and viral antigens in pokeweed mitogen-stimulated PBL revealed that both T and non-T cells (B and null cells) are able to support PPV replication. Peripheral blood monocytes and peritoneal macrophages phagocytized PPV but did not support virus replication.
|
['Animals', 'Antigens, Viral', 'Concanavalin A', 'Cytoplasm', 'Lymphocyte Activation', 'Lymphocytes', 'Macrophages', 'Monocytes', 'Parvoviridae', 'Phytohemagglutinins', 'Pokeweed Mitogens', 'Swine']
| 574,124
|
[]
|
[]
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Community-based validation of the McCormick Toy Test.
|
The aim of the present study was to investigate the validity of a community-based hearing test to detect conductive hearing loss in 3-year-old children. Sixty-five children had their hearing tested using standard audiological tests at the same time as they underwent their 3-year-old health checks. The checks were performed by health visitors at community health clinics, and included the McCormick Toy Test (MCTT) for hearing. Fourteen children failed both tests and none passed the MCTT and failed the standard tests, giving a sensitivity of 100%. Forty-eight children passed both tests and three children failed the MCTT but passed the standard tests, giving a specificity of 94%. Positive predictive value was 82%. The results from this sample indicate that the MCTT may be used as a valid test for conductive hearing loss for 3-year-old children in the community setting.
|
['Acoustic Impedance Tests', 'Audiometry', 'Child, Preschool', 'Community Health Services', 'Female', 'Hearing Loss, Conductive', 'Hearing Tests', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Mass Screening', 'Otitis Media with Effusion', 'Otoscopes', 'Play and Playthings', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Severity of Illness Index', 'Speech Perception']
| 11,081,752
|
[['E01.370.382.375.050'], ['E01.370.382.375.060'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['N02.421.143'], ['C09.218.458.341.562', 'C10.597.751.418.341.562', 'C23.888.592.763.393.341.562'], ['E01.370.382.375'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.500', 'E05.318.308.980.438.580', 'N02.421.726.233.443', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.580', 'N06.850.780.500'], ['C09.218.705.663.670'], ['E07.230.550'], ['I03.450.642.693'], ['E05.318.370.800.650', 'N05.715.360.325.700.640', 'N06.850.520.445.800.650'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475.456.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.364.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.364.500'], ['F02.463.593.071.875', 'G07.888.125.875']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Effects of temperature and humidity on the development of eggs of Toxocara canis under laboratory conditions.
|
The influence of temperature and humidity on the survival and development of Toxocara canis eggs in an in vitro model system was investigated. Two soil samples were inoculated with T. canis eggs and maintained at 3% and 50% humidity and temperatures of 19-24 degrees C. Nine soil samples were inoculated with T. canis eggs of which three samples were kept at 4 degrees C with humidities at 3%, 15%, and 30%; three were maintained at 21 degrees C and three more were incubated at 34 degrees C, and at the same three humidity levels. Samples were monitored every 7 days for a total of 2 months, for the presence and development of eggs. With increasing temperature, the number of eggs undergoing development increased (P<0.01); the number of deformed eggs decreased, the number of infective eggs increased (P<0.01), and egg maturation was accelerated. A decrease in the survival of infective eggs occurred at 34 degrees C. An increase in humidity produced a rise in the number of developed eggs at all three temperatures (P<0.01). This study suggests that elevated temperatures accelerated the development as well as the degradation of eggs of T. canis, whereas the range in humidity was directly correlated with egg development.
|
['Animals', 'Eggs', 'Environment', 'Humidity', 'Parasitology', 'Soil', 'Temperature', 'Toxocara canis']
| 16,336,716
|
[['B01.050'], ['G07.203.300.470', 'J02.500.470'], ['G16.500.275', 'N06.230'], ['G16.500.275.063.725.310', 'G16.500.750.775.310', 'N06.230.150.372', 'N06.230.300.100.725.310'], ['H01.158.273.688'], ['D20.721', 'G01.311.820', 'G16.500.275.815', 'N06.230.600'], ['G01.906.595', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710', 'G16.500.750.775.710', 'N06.230.150.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710'], ['B01.050.500.500.294.400.500.100.780.225']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Homicides among women in the different Brazilian regions in the last 35 years: an analysis of age-period-birth cohort effects.
|
The aim of this study is to estimate the effects of age-period-birth cohort (APC) on female homicides. This is an ecological study which analyzed the violence-related death records of women aged 10 years and older, in the Brazilian geographic regions, between 1980 and 2014. Data on mortality were extracted from the Mortality Information System. The trend analysis was conducted using negative binomial regression and APC effects were analyzed using estimable functions. The average mortality rate for the period was 5.13 deaths per 100,000 women, with the highest rates observed in the Central-West (7.98 deaths), followed by the Southeast (4.78 deaths), North (4.77 deaths), Northeast (4.05 deaths) and South (3.82 deaths) regions. All regions presented a decrease in the risk of death in the period from 2010 to 2014, except for the Northeast region (RR = 1.06, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.10). There was a progressive increase in the homicide risk for women born from 1955 to 1959 in all Brazilian regions. Younger women are at higher risk of dying from homicides in all Brazilian geographic regions. The upward trend of homicide mortality rates according to birth cohort was significant and the highest risk was observed in women born between 2000 and 2004.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Age Factors', 'Aged', 'Brazil', 'Child', 'Cohort Effect', 'Female', 'Health Information Systems', 'Homicide', 'Humans', 'Middle Aged', 'Mortality', 'Violence', 'Young Adult']
| 28,954,146
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['Z01.107.757.176'], ['M01.060.406'], ['N05.715.350.350.225', 'N06.850.490.734.500'], ['L01.313.500.750.300.361'], ['I01.198.240.470', 'I01.880.735.344'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.308.985.550', 'N01.224.935.698', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550'], ['I01.198.240.856', 'I01.880.735.900'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Delayed weaning and denial of solid food nibbling upon pancreatic acinar cell responsiveness to urecholine in neonatal rats.
|
Pancreatic response to urecholine was studied in rats which were fed maternal milk only until they reached 27 days of age. A group of pups which remained all the time with their mother were weaned at 21 days; over that nursing period, their pancreatic amylase concentration increased gradually, lipase started to decrease from day 23 while chymotrypsin remained constant. In those who were denied solid food from day 12, the amylase concentration fell significantly from day 23 to 27 while lipase and chymotrypsin rose rapidly. Delayed weaning was associated with significant decreases in basal and urecholine-stimulated amylase secretion from day 23, whereas lipase and chymotrypsin releases were increased. If, however, secretion is expressed in percentages of the amount of enzyme released over the total tissue content, the output of the three enzymes in response to urecholine is significantly reduced from day 25 in pups kept on maternal milk only. These results suggest that dietary fat and carbohydrate modulate the enzyme content of the pancreas and that milk as the only source of energy and protein reduces the pancreatic acinar cell responsiveness to urecholine.
|
['Amylases', 'Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena', 'Animals', 'Animals, Newborn', 'Bethanechol Compounds', 'Chymotrypsin', 'Lipase', 'Milk', 'Pancreas', 'Pancreatic Juice', 'Rats', 'Weaning']
| 729,949
|
[['D08.811.277.450.066'], ['G07.203.650.161'], ['B01.050'], ['B01.050.050.282'], ['D02.092.877.883.088', 'D02.241.081.251.133', 'D02.675.276.148'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.760.176', 'D08.811.277.656.959.350.176'], ['D08.811.277.352.100.400'], ['A12.200.455', 'A12.790', 'G07.203.100.700', 'G07.203.300.350.525', 'J02.200.700', 'J02.500.350.525'], ['A03.734'], ['A12.200.567'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['G07.203.650.220.500.750', 'G07.203.650.915']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Relative handgrip strength, nutritional status and abdominal obesity in Chilean adolescents.
|
Handgrip strength (HGS) is a well-established indicator of muscle strength and can help to identify risk of sarcopenic obesity in children. This study explores the relationship between adiposity and muscular strength in healthy Chilean adolescents. Adolescents (n = 491) aged 10-17 were selected from five schools in Santiago, Chile. HGS was determined by dynamometry. Anthropometry (weight, height, waist and mid arm circumference), physical activity and socioeconomic status were also measured. Relative HGS (RHGS) was calculated by dividing maximum HGS of the dominant hand by body-mass index (BMI) and low RHGS was categorized as <25th percentile by sex. Logistic regression was used to determine the relationship between two markers of adiposity (abdominal obesity category by waist circumference and nutritional status measured by BMI category) and low RHGS, adjusting for possible confounding variables. Participants were on average 13.6y (2.4), 32.8% were overweight or obese and 37.5% were at risk of or had abdominal obesity. RHGS was 1.25 kg/kg/m2 overall, with a significant difference by sex (1.51 for boys versus 1.14 for girls). In adjusted analyses, boys and girls with risk of abdominal obesity, had 3.3 (1.6-6.6) and 4.1 (1.8-9.3) increased odds of low RHGS, respectively, compared to boys and girls with normal waist circumference. Those with abdominal obesity compared to normal WC, had 8.5 (3.4-21.4) and 6.5 (2.0-21.3) increased odds of low RHGS for boys and girls, respectively. We observed similar associations for BMI category. In our sample of healthy adolescents, higher adiposity related to greater odds of low muscle strength measured by dynamometry. Considering the demographic shift from a young to an aging population in many countries, along with the increasing prevalence of obesity beginning in childhood, understanding how adiposity relates to low muscle strength is of growing importance.
|
['Adiposity', 'Adolescent', 'Body Mass Index', 'Body Weight', 'Child', 'Chile', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Female', 'Hand Strength', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Nutrition Assessment', 'Nutritional Status', 'Obesity, Abdominal', 'Overweight', 'Pediatric Obesity', 'Prevalence', 'Risk Factors', 'Waist Circumference']
| 32,520,942
|
[['E01.370.600.115.100.062.500', 'G02.111.130.134.500', 'G03.180.134.500', 'G07.100.049.134.500'], ['M01.060.057'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.125', 'E05.041.124.125', 'G07.100.100.125', 'N06.850.505.200.100.175'], ['C23.888.144', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120', 'E05.041.124.160.750', 'G07.100.100.160.120', 'G07.345.249.314.120'], ['M01.060.406'], ['Z01.107.757.235'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['E01.370.600.425.500', 'G11.427.560.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.585', 'N05.715.360.300.560', 'N06.850.505.557', 'N06.850.520.308.585'], ['G07.203.650.650', 'N01.224.425.525'], ['C18.654.726.500.615', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120.699.500.249', 'G07.100.100.160.120.699.500.249'], ['C23.888.144.699', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120.699', 'G07.100.100.160.120.699'], ['C18.654.726.500.720', 'C23.888.144.699.500.750', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120.699.500.750', 'G07.100.100.160.120.699.500.750'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.160.560', 'E05.041.124.160.875', 'G07.100.100.160.560']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Isolation and biological characterization of a novel type of pulmonary mesenchymal stem cells derived from Wuzhishan miniature pig embryo.
|
Pulmonary mesenchymal stem cells (PMSCs) have great potential in lung tissue engineering and represent attractive candidates for disease treatment in human and veterinary research. However, a reliable method for isolation and localization of porcine PMSCs in situ is still uncertain. In this study, we successfully isolated PMSCs from Wuzhishan miniature pig embryos in vitro and also attempted to unravel its fundamental differentiation potential and biological characteristics. The isolated PMSCs, which could be cultured and passaged for at least 15 passages, exhibited a typical fibroblast-like morphology and high proliferative potential. Moreover, the PMSCs could express pluripotent marker genes (Oct4 and Nanog) and MSCs-related surface antigens (â-integrin, CD44, CD71, CD73, CD90, and CD105), while the expressions of CD34 and CD45 were negative. Cell cycle examination showed that the rate of G0/G1 was about 72.1-90.2%. Additionally, the PMSCs not only could be induced to transdifferentiate into mesoblastic cells such as osteoblasts, chondrocytes, and adipocytes in vitro, but also the neural ectoderm and endoderm. Together, these data demonstrate the multiple differentiations potential of PMSCs in vitro, which confers potential use in serving as desirable cell types for lung injury regeneration.
|
['Adipocytes', 'Animals', 'Cell Differentiation', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Cell Separation', 'Chondrocytes', 'Fibroblasts', 'Fluorescent Antibody Technique', 'Lung', 'Mesenchymal Stem Cells', 'Pluripotent Stem Cells', 'Swine', 'Swine, Miniature', 'Tissue Engineering']
| 27,425,208
|
[['A11.329.114'], ['B01.050'], ['G04.152'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['E01.370.225.500.363', 'E05.200.500.363', 'E05.242.363'], ['A11.329.171'], ['A11.329.228'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512.240', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512.240', 'E05.200.500.607.512.240', 'E05.200.750.551.512.240', 'E05.478.583.375'], ['A04.411'], ['A11.329.830.500', 'A11.872.590.500'], ['A11.872.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.880'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.880.399.800'], ['E05.481.500.311.500', 'J01.293.069.249.500']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.