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Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma polymorphism and periodontitis in pregnant Japanese women.
|
BACKGROUND: Recent studies suggest an association between maternal periodontitis and preterm birth, although the association remains controversial. It was suggested that mechanisms such as a genetic predisposition for a hyperinflammatory response cause periodontitis and preterm births. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) is a nuclear hormone receptor and ligand-dependent transcription factor. PPARgamma inhibits the transcriptional activity of the genes that produce proinflammatory mediators and repress periodontitis. Recently, a common polymorphism, proline(PRO)-to-alanine(ALA) mutation at codon12 in exonB (Pro12Ala: rs 1801282) PPARgamma, was reported to reduce the ability to transactivate responsive promoters. In this study, we tested whether the PPARgammaPro12Ala polymorphism was associated with maternal periodontitis and/or preterm birth.METHODS: Genomic DNA was isolated from the venous blood of pregnant Japanese women (term birth: n = 72; preterm birth: n = 58). The PPARgammaPro12Ala genotype was determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-restriction fragment length polymorphism. Within 5 days after labor, clinical periodontal parameters were evaluated, and periodontopathic bacteria from the subgingival plaque were detected by species-specific PCR.RESULTS: The mean clinical attachment level (P = 0.012), mean probing depth (P = 0.031), mean gingival index (P = 0.037), and percentages of sites with bleeding on probing (P = 0.041) in women with the PPARgammaPro12Ala genotype were significantly higher than in women with the PPARgammaPro12Pro genotype. However, there was no association between preterm birth and periodontitis.CONCLUSION: We suggest that the PPARgammaPro12Ala polymorphism may represent a genetic susceptibility factor for the clinical measurements of periodontitis in a limited number of pregnant Japanese women, but it probably cannot influence the relationship between periodontitis and preterm birth.
|
['Alanine', 'Amino Acid Substitution', 'Chi-Square Distribution', 'DNA Mutational Analysis', 'Dental Plaque', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Japan', 'Mutation, Missense', 'PPAR gamma', 'Periodontitis', 'Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length', 'Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide', 'Pregnancy', 'Pregnancy Complications', 'Premature Birth', 'Proline', 'Statistics, Nonparametric']
| 20,450,366
|
[['D12.125.042'], ['E05.393.420.601.035', 'G05.558.109'], ['E05.318.740.994.300', 'G17.820.300', 'N05.715.360.750.750.200', 'N06.850.520.830.994.300'], ['E05.393.760.700.300'], ['C07.793.208.377'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.252.474.463', 'Z01.639.595'], ['G05.365.590.650'], ['D12.776.826.239.588'], ['C07.465.714.533'], ['G05.365.795.595'], ['G05.365.795.598'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['C13.703'], ['C13.703.420.491.500'], ['D12.125.072.401.623'], ['E05.318.740.995', 'N05.715.360.750.760', 'N06.850.520.830.995']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
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|
Individual differences in the Behavioral Inhibition System are associated with orbitofrontal cortex and precuneus gray matter volume.
|
The Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS) is described in Gray's Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory as a hypothetical construct that mediates anxiety in animals and humans. The neuroanatomical correlates of this system are not fully clear, although they are known to involve the amygdala, the septohippocampal system, and the prefrontal cortex. Previous neuroimaging research has related individual differences in BIS with regional volume and functional variations in the prefrontal cortex, amygdala, and hippocampal formation. The aim of the present work was to study BIS-related individual differences and their relationship with brain regional volume. BIS sensitivity was assessed through the BIS/BAS questionnaire in a sample of male participants (N = 114), and the scores were correlated with brain regional volume in a voxel-based morphometry analysis. The results show a negative correlation between the BIS and the volume of the right and medial orbitofrontal cortices and the precuneus. Our results and previous findings suggest that individual differences in anxiety-related personality traits and their related psychopathology may be associated with reduced brain volume in certain structures relating to emotional control (i.e., the orbitofrontal cortex) and self-consciousness (i.e., the precuneus), as shown by our results.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Anxiety', 'Frontal Lobe', 'Humans', 'Image Processing, Computer-Assisted', 'Individuality', 'Inhibition, Psychological', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Nerve Fibers, Unmyelinated', 'Neuroanatomy', 'Organ Size', 'Personality', 'Surveys and Questionnaires']
| 22,592,859
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['F01.470.132'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.270'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.224.308'], ['F01.752.488'], ['F01.145.544', 'F02.463.425.475', 'F02.739.794.405'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['A08.675.542.756', 'A11.671.501.756'], ['H01.158.100.700', 'H01.158.610.060'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.660', 'E05.041.124.715', 'G07.100.100.660', 'G07.345.249.690'], ['F01.752'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Intrapartum maternal glycemic control in women with insulin requiring diabetes: a randomized clinical trial of rotating fluids versus insulin drip.
|
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine whether continuous insulin infusion provides a greater degree of intrapartum maternal glycemic control than rotating between glucose and non-glucose containing intravenous fluids.STUDY DESIGN: Laboring patients with pregestational or gestational diabetes were recruited and randomized to an "insulin drip" or "rotating fluids" protocol. The primary outcome measure was mean maternal capillary blood glucose (CBG) levels (mg/dL). Power analysis indicated that 16 patients were needed in each arm to find a difference of 10 mg/dL.RESULTS: Fifteen patients were randomized to the rotating fluids protocol and 21 patients to an insulin drip. There was no difference in mean intrapartum maternal CBG levels (103.9 +/- 8.7 mg/dL and 103.2 +/- 17.9 mg/dL in the rotating fluids and insulin drip group, respectively, P = .89). Neonatal outcomes were also similar between the 2 treatment groups.CONCLUSION: In patients with insulin requiring gestational diabetes, intrapartum glycemic control may be comparable with a standard adjusted insulin drip or a rotation of intravenous fluids between glucose and non-glucose containing fluids.
|
['Adult', 'Blood Glucose', 'Diabetes, Gestational', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Insulin', 'Labor, Obstetric', 'Pregnancy', 'Rotation']
| 16,893,507
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D09.947.875.359.448.500'], ['C13.703.170', 'C18.452.394.750.448', 'C19.246.200'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['D06.472.699.587.200.500.625', 'D12.644.548.586.200.500.625'], ['G08.686.784.769.326'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['G01.482.703']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
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Cerebral ischemic involvement in Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease.
|
BACKGROUND: Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by ocular, auditory and neurological manifestations (headache, meningismus and/or aspeptic meningoencephalitis).PATIENT: We describe a 12-year-old African boy with bilateral uveitis who presented with acute unilateral hearing loss and neurological symptoms such as left-sided dyskinesias, unsteady gait and throbbing headache. Brain magnetic resonance imaging showed ischemic lesions of the right basal ganglia in the territory of lenticulostriate and thalamic arteries. He improved after treatment with intravenous and oral steroids.CONCLUSION: Cerebral ischemic episodes should be included in the possible neurological manifestations of VKH.
|
['Angiography, Digital Subtraction', 'Brain', 'Brain Ischemia', 'Child', 'Humans', 'Magnetic Resonance Angiography', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Uveomeningoencephalitic Syndrome']
| 24,830,768
|
[['E01.370.350.600.350.700.060', 'E01.370.350.700.060.060', 'E01.370.350.700.700.060', 'E01.370.350.760.060', 'E01.370.370.050.060'], ['A08.186.211'], ['C10.228.140.300.150', 'C14.907.253.092'], ['M01.060.406'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.825.500.500', 'E01.370.370.050.500'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['C10.114.843', 'C11.941.879.980', 'C20.111.258.925']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
The effects of oxidative stress on parkin and other E3 ligases.
|
Autosomal recessive mutations within the Parkin gene are associated with degeneration of the substantia nigra and locus coeruleus and an inherited form of Parkinson's disease (PD). As loss-of-function mutations in parkin are responsible for a familial variant of PD, conditions that affect wild-type parkin are likely to be associated with increased risk of idiopathic disease. Previous studies uncovered a unique vulnerability of the parkin protein to dopamine (DA)-induced aggregation and inactivation. In this study, we compared several proteins that share structural elements or ubiquitinating activity with parkin. We report that oxidative stress in several cell lines and primary neurons induces the aggregation of parkin into high molecular weight species, at least a portion of which are self-associated homo-multimers. While parkin was preferentially affected by excess DA, each of the E3 proteins tested were made more insoluble by oxidative stress, and they varied in degree of susceptibility (e.g. parkin > HHARI congruent with CHIP > c-Cbl > E6AP). These conditions of oxidative stress were also associated with decreased parkin E3 ligase activity. Similar to recently conducted studies on alpha-synuclein processing, both macroautophagy and the proteasome participate in parkin degradation, with the proteasome playing the predominant role for normal parkin turnover and macroautophagy being more important in the degradation of aggregated parkin. These data further highlight the selective vulnerability of parkin to DA-induced modifications, demonstrating for the first time the ability of both endogenous and ectopically expressed parkin to transition into an insoluble state in part through self-association and oligomer formation.
|
['Animals', 'Carrier Proteins', 'Cell Line', 'Dopamine', 'Enzyme Activation', 'Inclusion Bodies', 'Macromolecular Substances', 'Neurons', 'Oxidative Stress', 'Parkinson Disease', 'Polymers', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-cbl', 'Rats', 'Substantia Nigra', 'Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases', 'Ubiquitination']
| 17,883,392
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.776.157'], ['A11.251.210'], ['D02.092.211.215.406', 'D02.092.311.342', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.175.342'], ['G02.111.263', 'G03.328'], ['A11.284.420'], ['D05'], ['A08.675', 'A11.671'], ['G03.673', 'G07.775.750'], ['C10.228.140.079.862.500', 'C10.228.662.600.400', 'C10.574.928.750'], ['D05.750', 'D25.720', 'J01.637.051.720'], ['D08.811.464.938.750.374', 'D12.776.624.664.700.172'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['A08.186.211.132.659.413.656'], ['D08.811.464.938.750'], ['G02.111.660.871.790.600.925', 'G02.111.691.600.775', 'G03.734.871.790.600.831', 'G05.308.670.600.831']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 1
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| 1
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| 0
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Kinetic study of the interaction between ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase and inorganic fluoride.
|
The effect of inorganic fluoride on the reactions catalyzed by ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase has been characterized with the fully activated enzyme. Fluoride inhibits both reactions, and the concentration required to inhibit the activity of the magnesium-activated enzyme 50% is 2 mM when reactions are carried out at pH 8.3. Inhibition is strongly pH dependent with an apparent pKa of 8.8. The inhibition kinetics were studied. It was found that inhibition is mixed but close to noncompetitive with respect to CO2 and uncompetitive with respect to ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate. The mechanism of interaction between fluoride and the enzyme is discussed, and a model is proposed in which fluoride interferes with the reactions by displacing a catalytically important ligand, probably a water molecule, from the activator metal.
|
['Carboxy-Lyases', 'Cobalt', 'Fluorides', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Kinetics', 'Magnesium', 'Manganese', 'Nickel', 'Oxygenases', 'Plants', 'Ribulose-Bisphosphate Carboxylase']
| 6,573,923
|
[['D08.811.520.224.125'], ['D01.268.556.185', 'D01.268.956.155', 'D01.552.544.185'], ['D01.248.497.158.380', 'D01.303.350.300'], ['G02.300'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['D01.268.552.437', 'D01.268.557.500', 'D01.552.547.500'], ['D01.268.556.484', 'D01.268.956.374', 'D01.552.544.484'], ['D01.268.556.607', 'D01.268.956.625', 'D01.552.544.607'], ['D08.811.682.690'], ['B01.650'], ['D08.811.520.224.125.800', 'D12.776.765.199.499']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
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Ontogeny of hepatic nuclear triiodothyronine receptor isoforms in the rat.
|
We have determined the contribution of the thyroid hormone receptor (TR) isoforms TR alpha 1 and TR beta 1 to the postnatal rise in rat hepatic nuclear T3-binding capacity. In agreement with previous studies, total hepatic nuclear binding capacity rose by about 8-fold from the 19th day of gestation to young adulthood at 2 months of age (0.10 +/- 0.03 to 0.86 +/- 0.17 pmol/mg DNA). The levels of specific TR species were measured by immunoprecipitation of T3-binding activity from hepatic extracts using a panel of antisera directed against specific regions of the TR isoforms. The difference between receptor immunoprecipitated with antibody against TR beta 1 and that precipitated with an antibody against an identical region in both TR beta 1 and TR alpha 1 was tentatively assumed to represent TR alpha 1. TR alpha 1 accounted for virtually all T3-binding activity in fetal liver on gestational day 19 (G19), increased by 2-fold shortly after birth, and remained constant thereafter. TR alpha 1 mRNA, on the other hand, was highest in concentration on G16 and fell by 50-75% in the adult. TR beta 1 was undetectable by immunoprecipitation of hepatic extracts from fetuses on G19. However, Northern analysis showed the presence of TR beta 1 mRNA in the fetal liver, which rose in concentration by 3- to 4-fold in late gestation and then remained constant. The contribution of TR beta 1 to total binding capacity rose to 33% and 40% on postnatal days 15 and 30, respectively, and to 80% in the adult liver. Immunohistochemical analyses of hepatic sections confirmed the presence of very low levels of TR beta 1 in fetal liver as early as G16 and G19, and a sharp rise in TR beta 1 protein concentration in the postnatal period. This indicated that the increase in TR beta 1-binding capacity results from increased TR beta 1 mass. The increase in TR beta 1-binding capacity, thus, is due to increased translational efficiency of the beta 1 mRNA or stabilization of the TR beta 1 protein. The prominence of TR alpha 1 in both rat fetal liver and fetal brain, as previously demonstrated in our laboratory, raises the possibility that this receptor isoform may carry out specialized functions in the fetus and that TR beta 1 subserves still other functions at later stages of development.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
|
['Aging', 'Animals', 'Blotting, Northern', 'Brain', 'Cell Nucleus', 'Fluorescent Antibody Technique', 'Gestational Age', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Immunosorbent Techniques', 'Liver', 'Male', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Receptors, Thyroid Hormone', 'Triiodothyronine']
| 1,446,599
|
[['G07.345.124'], ['B01.050'], ['E05.196.401.095', 'E05.301.300.074', 'E05.601.100'], ['A08.186.211'], ['A11.284.430.106', 'A11.284.430.214.190.875.117'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512.240', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512.240', 'E05.200.500.607.512.240', 'E05.200.750.551.512.240', 'E05.478.583.375'], ['G07.345.500.325.235.968', 'G08.686.320'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['E05.478.566.380', 'E05.601.470.380'], ['A03.620'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['D12.776.624.664.700.830', 'D12.776.826.850'], ['D06.472.931.740.385', 'D12.125.072.050.767.741.894']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Cleaved-tau: a biomarker of neuronal damage after traumatic brain injury.
|
Previous studies from our laboratory indicate that traumatic brain injury (TBI) in humans results in proteolysis of neuronally-localized, intracellular microtubule associated protein (MAP)-tau to produce cleaved tau (C-tau). The present study evaluated the utility of C-tau to function as a biomarker of neuronal injury and as a biomarker for evaluating neuroprotectant drug efficacy in a controlled cortical impact model of rat TBI. Brain C-tau was determined in rats subjected to controlled cortical impact-induced mild, moderate or severe levels of TBI. A significant severity-dependent increase in C-tau levels was observed in the cortex and hippocampus (1.5-8-fold) of TBI rats compared to shams 72 h after impact. C-tau rat brain and serum time course was determined by measuring levels at 0.25, 6, 24, 48, 72 and 168 h after TBI. A significant time-dependent increase in C-tau levels was observed in ipsilateral cortex (5-16-fold) and hippocampus (2-40-fold) compared to sham animals. C-tau levels increased as early as 6 h after TBI with peak C-tau levels observed 168 h after injury. Elevated brain C-tau levels were associated with TBI-induced tissue loss, which was histologically determined. The effect of cyclosporin-A (CsA), previously demonstrated to be neuroprotective in rat TBI, on brain C-tau levels was examined. CsA (20 mg/kg i.p., 15 min and 24 h after TBI) significantly attenuated the TBI-induced increase in hippocampal C-tau levels observed in vehicle-treated animals confirming CsA's neuroprotectant effect. CsA treatment also lowered ipsilateral cortical C-tau levels, although it did not reach statistical significance. CsA's neuroprotectant effect was confirmed utilizing histologic measures of TBI-induced tissue loss. In addition, serum C-tau levels were significantly increased 6 h after TBI but not at later time points. These results suggest that C-tau is a reliable, quantitative biomarker for evaluating TBI-induced neuronal injury and a potential biomarker of neuroprotectant drug efficacy in the rat TBI model. Serum data suggests that C-tau levels are dependent both on a compromised blood-brain barrier as well as release of TBI biomarkers from the brain, which has implications for the study of human serum TBI biomarkers.
|
['Animals', 'Brain', 'Brain Damage, Chronic', 'Brain Injuries', 'Cyclosporine', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Male', 'Neuroprotective Agents', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Time Factors', 'Trauma Severity Indices', 'tau Proteins']
| 15,665,604
|
[['B01.050'], ['A08.186.211'], ['C10.228.140.140'], ['C10.228.140.199', 'C10.900.300.087', 'C26.915.300.200'], ['D04.345.566.235.300', 'D12.644.641.235.300'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['D27.505.696.706.548', 'D27.505.954.427.575'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['G01.910.857'], ['E05.318.308.940.968.875', 'E05.944', 'N04.452.859.564.800', 'N05.715.360.300.715.500.800', 'N06.850.520.308.940.968.875'], ['D12.776.220.600.450.510', 'D12.776.631.560.510']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
[Gluconic acid forming enzymes in Aspergillus niger (author's transl)].
|
At least three gluconic acid forming enzymes were identified in cell-free extracts of Aspergillus niger: glucose oxidase (EC 1.1.3.4), a glucose dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.99.10), and an enzyme or a mixture of enzymes catalyzing the cleavage of 6-phosphogluconate into gluconate and inorganic phosphate. 2,6-dichlorphenolindophenol was one of the hydrogen acceptors in vitro of the glucose dehydrogenase. Some properties of this enzyme (Km values, pH-dependence, substrate and hydrogen acceptor specificity), as determined in cell-free extracts, were found to be in good agreement with properties described in literature for a glucose dehydrogenase which has been purified from Aspergillus oryzae. The formation of Pi from 6-phosphogluconate and other phosphate esters was found to have an optimum between pH 7 and 8 , and another below pH 4. This suggests that it is catalyzed by an alkaline and an acid phosphomonoesterase (EC 3.1.3.1, 3.1.3.2), both enzymes exhibiting only low substrate specificity. The influence of extraction and assay buffers on the activity of gluconate forming enzymes was investigated. Loss of activity during preparation of cell-free extracts, as calculated from loss of activity storage of cell-free extracts at 4 degrees C, was found to be lower than 4%. Purified glucose oxidase added before homogenization was found in the extract almost quantitatively.
|
['Acid Phosphatase', 'Alcohol Oxidoreductases', 'Alkaline Phosphatase', 'Aspergillus', 'Aspergillus niger', 'Buffers', 'Cell-Free System', 'Gluconates', 'Glucose Oxidase', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration']
| 16,416
|
[['D08.811.277.352.650.025'], ['D08.811.682.047'], ['D08.811.277.352.650.035'], ['B01.300.381.081'], ['B01.300.381.081.450'], ['D27.720.470.280'], ['A11.284.835.168'], ['D02.241.081.844.322', 'D02.241.511.902.322', 'D09.811.308'], ['D08.811.682.047.239'], ['G02.300']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Immunoglobulin G subclass deficiency and infection risk in 150 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia.
|
Hypogammaglobulinemia is a common complication of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), but the significance of immunoglobulin G (IgG) subclass deficiency is unknown. We analyzed the prevalence of immunoglobulins G, A and M, IgG subclass deficiency and infection in 150 patients with CLL. Low IgG, IgA and IgM levels were observed in 27.3%, 30.7% and 56.7% of patients, respectively. IgG subclass deficiency was frequent, with reduced IgG1, IgG2, IgG3 and IgG4 in 28%, 19.3%, 52% and 22.7% of patients, respectively. IgG subclass deficiency (total 64.6%) and hypogammaglobulinemia (27.3%) were more prevalent than clinically significant infection (16%). Recurrent or significant infections were seen in 24 patients (16%), of whom 50% had hypogammaglobulinemia but 100% had at least one IgG subclass deficiency, indicating that half the patients with infection had IgG subclass deficiency but normal total IgG level. Deficiencies of IgG3 and IgG4 were statistically associated with infection risk. Normal immunoglobulin and IgG subclass levels were seen in 26 patients (17%) and none had infections. IgG subclass deficiency is commonly observed in patients with CLL with both normal and reduced total IgG levels, and is associated with infection. Screening patients with CLL for IgG subclass deficiency may be a useful adjunct in stratifying their infection risk.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Dysgammaglobulinemia', 'Female', 'Humans', 'IgG Deficiency', 'Immunoglobulin G', 'Infections', 'Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Young Adult']
| 22,738,394
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['C15.378.147.333', 'C20.673.430'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C15.378.147.333.750', 'C20.673.430.750'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.619.393', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.619.393', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.619.393'], ['C01'], ['C04.557.337.428.080.125', 'C15.604.515.560.080.125', 'C20.683.515.528.080.125'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
STRAPS: A Fully Data-Driven Spatio-Temporally Regularized Algorithm for M/EEG Patch Source Imaging.
|
For M/EEG-based distributed source imaging, it has been established that the L2-norm-based methods are effective in imaging spatially extended sources, whereas the L1-norm-based methods are more suited for estimating focal and sparse sources. However, when the spatial extents of the sources are unknown a priori, the rationale for using either type of methods is not adequately supported. Bayesian inference by exploiting the spatio-temporal information of the patch sources holds great promise as a tool for adaptive source imaging, but both computational and methodological limitations remain to be overcome. In this paper, based on state-space modeling of the M/EEG data, we propose a fully data-driven and scalable algorithm, termed STRAPS, for M/EEG patch source imaging on high-resolution cortices. Unlike the existing algorithms, the recursive penalized least squares (RPLS) procedure is employed to efficiently estimate the source activities as opposed to the computationally demanding Kalman filtering/smoothing. Furthermore, the coefficients of the multivariate autoregressive (MVAR) model characterizing the spatial-temporal dynamics of the patch sources are estimated in a principled manner via empirical Bayes. Extensive numerical experiments demonstrate STRAPS's excellent performance in the estimation of locations, spatial extents and amplitudes of the patch sources with varying spatial extents.
|
['Algorithms', 'Bayes Theorem', 'Brain Mapping', 'Cerebral Cortex', 'Electroencephalography', 'Humans', 'Magnetoencephalography', 'Models, Statistical', 'Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted']
| 25,903,226
|
[['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['E05.318.740.600.200', 'N05.715.360.750.625.150', 'N06.850.520.830.600.200'], ['E01.370.350.578.875.500', 'E01.370.376.537.625.500', 'E05.629.875.500'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500'], ['E01.370.376.300', 'E01.370.405.245'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.376.500', 'E01.370.405.440', 'E05.540.500'], ['E05.318.740.500', 'E05.599.835', 'N05.715.360.750.530', 'N06.850.520.830.500'], ['L01.224.800']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Costs of pulmonary medicine and DRGS. Access and quality of care for the future.
|
Many changes are under way for the payment of physician and hospital care of patients in medicine and the medical subspecialties, i.e., the hospitalized pulmonary medicine patient. The purpose of this study was to characterize hospital resource consumption and outcome by age for pulmonary patients. All pulmonary medicine admissions treated at a large academic medical center from January 1, 1985 through December 31, 1986 were analyzed using the Diagnostic Related Group (DRG) format. Total costs (exclusive of physician fees) for the 2,647 pulmonary patients studied were $19,751,192. Mean hospital cost per patient, hospital length of stay, percentage of outliers, and mortality increased with age. Under the DRG reimbursement mechanism (i.e., All Payor System), a loss was incurred for all patients 45 yr of age and older, which led to an overall fiscal deficit for pulmonary medicine admissions. Medicare patients (n = 930) demonstrated a stronger expression of these trends. DRG case-mix index and the mean number of diagnoses per patient increased steadily with age. Emergency admissions were highest for the young (i.e., 18 to 35 yr of age), for some middle-aged (i.e., 45 to 65 yr of age), and for the very old (80 yr of age). Utilization of the intensive care unit and blood transfusions was higher for older patients; utilization of plasma products showed a more variable pattern, although older patients had greater consumption than their younger cohorts. This study demonstrated several trends with regard to resource utilization and age for pulmonary patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
|
['Costs and Cost Analysis', 'Diagnosis-Related Groups', 'Health Services Accessibility', 'Hospitalization', 'Humans', 'Lung Diseases', 'Quality Assurance, Health Care', 'United States']
| 3,128,149
|
[['N03.219.151'], ['N03.219.521.710.305.200.080'], ['N04.590.374.350', 'N05.300.430'], ['E02.760.400', 'N02.421.585.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C08.381'], ['N04.761.700', 'N05.700'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Quantitative annular dark-field imaging of single-layer graphene.
|
A quantification procedure for annular dark-field (ADF) imaging, in which a quantitative contrast is given as a scattering intensity normalized by an incident probe current, is presented. The obtained ADF images are converted to quantitative ADF images using an empirical equation, which is a function of an ADF imaging system setting. The quantification procedure fully implements the nonlinear response of the ADF imaging system, which is critical in high-sensitivity observation. We applied the procedure for observation of a graphene specimen with 1-4 layers. The inner and outer angles of an ADF detector, which are important parameters in quantitative analyses, were precisely measured. The quantitative contrast of ADF images was in agreement with that of simulated images, and the quantitative ADF imaging allowed us to directly count the number of graphene layers.
|
['Graphite', 'Image Processing, Computer-Assisted', 'Microscopy, Electron, Scanning Transmission']
| 25,637,649
|
[['D01.268.150.300', 'D01.578.300'], ['L01.224.308'], ['E01.370.350.515.402.580.480', 'E05.595.402.580.480']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Differences in attitudes of farmers and veterinarians towards pain in dairy cows.
|
Attitudes towards pain and the use of analgesics in dairy cows were evaluated based on a questionnaire answered by 137 Danish veterinarians and 189 Danish dairy farmers. Respondents were asked to score the perceived pain associated with a number of diseases in dairy cows on a scale from 1 (no pain) to 10 (very painful) assuming that no analgesics were used. Additionally, they were asked whether they agreed or disagreed with a number of statements regarding pain and use of analgesics in cows. A large variability in pain scores for individual diseases was found among both farmers and veterinarians. The same disease was scored as 'very painful' by some respondents and as 'not painful' by others; however, farmers and veterinarians generally agreed which diseases were painful and which were not. Farmers considered most of the disease conditions to be slightly more painful than veterinarians but were less likely to use analgesics.
|
['Animal Husbandry', 'Animal Welfare', 'Animals', 'Attitude of Health Personnel', 'Cattle', 'Cattle Diseases', 'Dairying', 'Data Collection', 'Denmark', 'Female', 'Pain', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Veterinarians', 'Veterinary Medicine']
| 22,516,921
|
[['J01.040.090'], ['I01.880.604.100'], ['B01.050'], ['F01.100.050', 'N05.300.100'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['C22.196'], ['J01.040.246'], ['E05.318.308', 'L01.399.250', 'N05.715.360.300', 'N06.850.520.308'], ['Z01.542.816.124'], ['C23.888.592.612', 'F02.830.816.444', 'G11.561.790.444'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['M01.526.485.905', 'N02.360.905'], ['H02.956']]
|
['Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Qualitative and quantitative analysis of chemical constituents in Ardisiae Japonicae Herba.
|
Ardisiae Japonicae Herba is a well-known traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of bronchitis conjunctivitis, pneumonia, and trauma. In this work, a high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry method was first established for the separation and structural identification of the chemical constituents in Ardisiae Japonicae Herba. A total of 15 compounds including coumarins, flavonoid glycosides, and catechins were identified or tentatively characterized based on their chromatographic behaviors and mass spectral fragmentation and by comparisons with the reference standards. Furthermore, a simple high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection method was developed for the simultaneous determination of five major constituents. Results obtained from method validation, including linearity, precision, repeatability, stability, and recovery, showed that the established method was reliable and accurate. Bergenin and quercitrin were found to be the most abundant constituents and could be served as chemical markers for quality control of Ardisiae Japonicae Herba.
|
['Ardisia', 'Catechin', 'Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'Coumarins', 'Drugs, Chinese Herbal', 'Flavonoids', 'Glycosides', 'Mass Spectrometry', 'Medicine, Chinese Traditional']
| 28,926,203
|
[['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.341.984.324'], ['D03.383.663.283.240.190', 'D03.383.663.283.266.450.206', 'D03.633.100.150.240.190', 'D03.633.100.150.266.450.206'], ['E05.196.181.400.300'], ['D03.383.663.283.446', 'D03.633.100.150.446'], ['D20.215.784.500.350', 'D26.335'], ['D03.383.663.283.266.450', 'D03.633.100.150.266.450'], ['D09.408'], ['E05.196.566'], ['E02.190.488.585.520', 'I01.076.201.450.654.558.520']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Hydrophobic modification of polyelectrolytes as solubility enhancers in preparations for parenteral administration].
|
Up to now there is no excipient for the solubilization of poorly watersoluble drugs that can be used without limitations in pharmaceutical preparations for intravasal application. The available surfactants show considerable hemolytic activity, cause anaphylactic reactions are chemically instable or have no sufficient solubilizing capacity. By polymerisation of non-ionic surfactants amphiphilic side-chain-polymers are obtained which show in vitro the same solubilization capacity as the monomers but exhibit practically no hemolytic activity. The objective of this work was to investigate, if this findings are also true for ionic oligomers. For this purpose, polyacrylic acids were substituted with long-chain alkyl amines. The solubilization capacity of these oligomers exceeds that of non-ionic amphiphilic side-chain-polymers and that of other surfactants. The hemolytic activity of the oligomers was below that of common ionic surfactants. The solubilization capacity as well as the hemolytic activity depends on the oligomers degree of substitution. Considering their high solubilization capacity and their low hemolytic activity, these oligomers may be excipients in preparations for parenteral application.
|
['Diazepam', 'Electrolytes', 'Excipients', 'Hemolysis', 'Humans', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Injections, Intravenous', 'Micelles', 'Molecular Conformation', 'Polymers', 'Surface-Active Agents']
| 7,732,050
|
[['D03.633.100.079.080.070.216'], ['D01.248'], ['D26.650.700.419', 'D27.720.744.770.419'], ['C23.550.403', 'G12.122.545'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.481'], ['E02.319.267.082.750', 'E02.319.267.530.540'], ['D05.374', 'D26.255.560'], ['G02.111.570.820'], ['D05.750', 'D25.720', 'J01.637.051.720'], ['D27.720.877']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Comparison of different combined treatment processes to address the source water with high concentration of natural organic matter during snowmelt period.
|
The source water in one forest region of the Northeast China had very high natural organic matter (NOM) concentration and heavy color during snowmelt period. The efficiency of five combined treatment processes was compared to address the high concentration of NOM and the mechanisms were also analyzed. Conventional treatment can hardly remove dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in the source water. KMnO4 pre-oxidization could improve the DOC removal to 22.0%. Post activated carbon adsorption improved the DOC removal of conventional treatment to 28.8%. The non-sufficient NOM removal could be attributed to the dominance of large molecular weight organic matters in raw water, which cannot be adsorbed by the micropore upon activated carbon. O3+activated carbon treatment are another available technology for eliminating the color and UV254 in water. However, its performance of DOC removal was only 36.4%, which could not satisfy the requirement for organic matter. The limited ozone dosage is not sufficient to mineralize the high concentration of NOM. Magnetic ion-exchange resin combined with conventional treatment could remove 96.2% of color, 96.0% of UV254 and 87.1% of DOC, enabling effluents to meet the drinking water quality standard. The high removal efficiency could be explained by the negative charge on the surface of NOM which benefits the static adsorption of NOM on the anion exchange resin. The results indicated that magnetic ion-exchange resin combined with conventional treatment is the best available technology to remove high concentration of NOM.
|
['China', 'Environmental Monitoring', 'Organic Chemicals', 'Rivers', 'Seasons', 'Water Pollutants, Chemical', 'Water Purification']
| 25,597,662
|
[['Z01.252.474.164'], ['N06.850.460.350.080', 'N06.850.780.375'], ['D02'], ['G01.311.750', 'G16.500.275.280.650', 'N06.230.232.650'], ['G01.910.645.661', 'G16.500.275.071.590', 'N06.230.300.100.250.525'], ['D27.888.284.903.655'], ['N06.850.780.200.800.800.900.900', 'N06.850.860.510.900.900']]
|
['Geographicals [Z]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Thoracic duct lymph flow during head-out water immersion in conscious dogs.
|
Water immersion (WI) increases plasma volume in awake dogs. The contribution of lymph flow to this fluid shift was studied in six splenectomized conscious dogs with a side fistula of the thoracic duct. Lymph flow, hematocrit (Hct), and plasma (CP) and lymph (CL) protein concentration were measured during 60 min in air and 120 min of WI (37 degrees C). Lymph flow in air averaged 0.96 +/- 1.0 (SE) ml/min. Lymph flow tended to decrease immediately in WI and was maintained at a level averaging 0.66 ml/min. CP/CL did not change significantly, whereas Hct fell significantly by 1.51 +/- 0.2% (Hct units) at 40 min of WI. Urine flow increased significantly to a maximum value of 1.5 +/- 0.5 ml/min at 40-60 min of WI compared with a mean value in air of 0.3 +/- 0.1 ml/min. The Hct and urine flow responses indicate that fluid shifted into the intravascular space during WI. Since lymph flow tended to decrease, the fluid shift in WI occurs across the capillary wall and not via lymphatic channels.
|
['Animals', 'Blood Volume', 'Diuresis', 'Dogs', 'Hematocrit', 'Immersion', 'Lymph', 'Lymphatic System', 'Thorax', 'Wakefulness']
| 3,565,608
|
[['B01.050'], ['G09.188.130', 'G09.330.380.092'], ['G08.852.179'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.250.216.200'], ['E01.370.225.625.400', 'E05.200.625.400', 'G09.188.370.374'], ['E05.466'], ['A12.207.270.606', 'A15.382.520.150'], ['A15.382.520'], ['A01.923.761'], ['F02.830.104.821', 'G11.561.035.738']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The relationship between mixed-liquor particle size and solids retention time in the activated sludge process.
|
Particle size distribution (PSD) analysis was used to evaluate the quality of mixed liquors collected from different activated sludge process modifications (i.e., conventional activated sludge, modified Ludzack-Ettinger, high-purity oxygen, step-anoxic, and oxidation ditch). An experiment protocol was developed to define the allowable sample holding time and provide representative and repeatable results. Samples of 26 treatment plants, with a total of 37 samples, were tested. A new indicator, called mean particle size (MPS), was introduced to describe the integrated mean particle size. The results of MPSs of three cut-off sizes (0.5 to 50, 100, and 200 microm) showed that the average size of mixed-liquor biosolids increased with increasing solids retention time (SRT), and the number of particles in the sedimentation supernatant decreased with increasing SRT. Particle deflocculation occurred after excessive sample holding time, and analysis within 12 hours generally eliminated sample holding problems. The results provide a methodology using PSD for characterizing mixed-liquor biosolids.
|
['Flocculation', 'Particle Size', 'Sewage']
| 22,368,960
|
[['E05.196.150.347', 'G02.159.347'], ['G02.712'], ['D20.944.932.500']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Protective effects of silymarin and curcumin on cyclophosphamide-induced cardiotoxicity.
|
INTRODUCTION: Cyclophosphamide (CP) is a potent anticancer agent; its clinical use is limited due to its marked cardiotoxicity.AIM: The present study was aimed at evaluating the cardioprotective effects of silymarin (SLY) and curcumin (CUR), which have strong antioxidant properties, against the toxic effects of high-dose CP on the heart of rats.MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 36 adult Wistar albino female rats were randomly divided into six groups. Group I (control group; nothing was administered), Group II (CP group; 30mg/kg/day CP was administered intraperitoneally to each animal for seven days), Group III (SLY group; 100mg/kg/day SLY by gavage for 14 days), Group IV (CUR group; 100mg/kg/day CUR by gavage for 14 days), Group V (SLY+CP group; 100mg/kg/day SLY by gavage for 14days plus 30mg/kg/day CP intraperitoneally starting from the seventh day) and Group VI (CUR+CP group; 100mg/kg/day CUR by gavage for 14days plus 30mg/kg/day CP intraperitoneally starting from the seventh day). Biochemical, histopathological and immunohistochemical methods were utilised for evaluation of the cardiotoxicity.RESULTS: The result showed that an increase in heart MDA and DNA fragmentation levels were detected while significant decreases were seen in SOD levels in CP alone group when compared to the other groups. CP caused severe damage in the histopathological status of heart tissue including intersititial oedema, haemorrhage, degeneration and necrosis in muscle fibrils and perinuclear vacuolization. A significant increase in the percentage of TUNEL-positive cells and ãH2AX protein expression was detected in the CP-treated group compared to the control and other treated groups. There was significant increase in the percentage of caspase 3-positive cells and decrease in the percentage of Bcl-2 positive cells in the CP group compared to the control group and other treated groups. However, a significant decrease in the percentage of cTnI and cTnT immunoreactivity was also observed in the CP-treated group compared to the control and other treated groups. In the groups in which SLY and CUR were administered concurrently with CP, biochemical parameters, histopathological and immunohistochemical results were found to be significantly lower than in the CP-only group.CONCLUSIONS: These results lead to conclusion that the natural antioxidant SLY and CUR might have protective effects against CP-induced cardiotoxicity and oxidative stress in rats.
|
['Animals', 'Antineoplastic Agents', 'Antioxidants', 'Cardiotoxicity', 'Cardiotoxins', 'Curcumin', 'Cyclophosphamide', 'Female', 'Heart', 'Oxidative Stress', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Silymarin']
| 28,236,505
|
[['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.248'], ['D27.505.519.217', 'D27.505.696.706.125', 'D27.720.799.047'], ['C14.280.260', 'C23.550.161', 'C25.100.389', 'C26.733.266', 'G01.750.748.500.266'], ['D27.888.569.142'], ['D02.455.326.146.485.222.222', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.200', 'D02.455.426.559.694.222'], ['D02.455.526.728.650.730.243', 'D02.705.672.500.243'], ['A07.541'], ['G03.673', 'G07.775.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900'], ['D03.383.663.283.266.450.268.777', 'D03.633.100.150.266.450.268.777']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Amplified microRNA detection by templated chemistry.
|
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of RNAs that play important regulatory roles in the cell. The detection of microRNA has attracted significant interest recently, as abnormal miRNA expression has been linked to cancer and other diseases. Here, we present a straightforward method for isothermal amplified detection of miRNA that involves two separate nucleic acid-templated chemistry steps. The miRNA first templates the cyclization of an oligodeoxynucleotide from a linear precursor containing a 5'-iodide and a 3'-phosphorothioate. The sequence is amplified through rolling circle amplification with 29 DNA polymerase and then detected via a second amplification using fluorogenic templated probes. Tests showed that the cyclization proceeds in ?50% yield over 24 h and is compatible with the conditions required for rolling circle polymerization, unlike enzymatic ligations which required non-compatible buffer conditions. The polymerization yielded 188-fold amplification, and separate experiments showed ?15-fold signal amplification from the templated fluorogenic probes. When all components are combined, results show miRNA detection down to 200 pM in solution, and correlation of the detected signal with the initial concentration of miRNA. The doubly templated double-amplification method demonstrates a new approach to detection of rolling circle products and significant advantages in ease of operation for miRNA detection.
|
['Base Pair Mismatch', 'Fluorescent Dyes', 'MicroRNAs', 'Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques', 'Nucleic Acid Probes', 'Organophosphorus Compounds', 'Templates, Genetic']
| 22,278,881
|
[['G05.365.590.060'], ['D27.720.233.348', 'D27.720.470.410.505.500'], ['D13.150.650.319', 'D13.444.735.150.319', 'D13.444.735.790.552.500'], ['E05.393.620'], ['D13.444.600', 'D27.505.259.750.600', 'D27.720.470.530.600'], ['D02.705'], ['G05.360.840']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Leukotriene C4 action and metabolism in the isolated perfused bullfrog heart.
|
The effects of leukotrienes (LTs) have been widely studied in the isolated perfused mammalian heart; however, little is known about the effect or metabolism of LTs in the isolated bullfrog heart. Isolated perfused bullfrog hearts were administered randomized doses of LTC4, LTD4, or LTE4. The cardiac parameters of heart rate, developed tension, and its first derivative (dT/dt) were recorded. LTC4 was the most potent of the leukotrienes tested in eliciting positive inotropic effects. LTD4 and LTE4 were equally effective but about one order of magnitude less potent than LTC4. None of the LTs showed any chronotropic effects in this preparation. A series of [3H]LTC4 metabolism experiments were carried out using whole perfused hearts and minced bullfrog heart tissue. Isolated perfused bullfrog hearts administered [3H]LTC4 converted significant amounts to [3H]LTD4, and to a lesser degree, [3H]LTE4, during the 6-min course of collection. Both minced atrial and ventricular tissue converted [3H]LTC4 to radioactive metabolites that co-migrated with authentic LTD4 and LTE4 standards. In both tissues, the major product was [3H]LTD4, with smaller amounts of [3H]LTE4 produced. The atrium converted significantly more [3H]LTC4 to its metabolites than did the ventricle. The metabolism of [3H]LTC4 to [3H]LTD4 by both tissues was virtually abolished in the presence of serine borate. Cysteine had no effect on [3H]LTE4 production. The data in this study demonstrate that leukotrienes have the opposite inotropic effect on the heart when compared with mammals. Also in contrast to mammals, frogs metabolize LTC4 to a less potent compound and may use the LTC4 to LTD4 conversion as a mechanism of LTC4 inactivation.
|
['Animals', 'Cysteine', 'Female', 'Heart', 'Leukotriene E4', 'Male', 'Myocardial Contraction', 'Myocardium', 'Perfusion', 'Rana catesbeiana', 'SRS-A', 'Time Factors']
| 2,846,140
|
[['B01.050'], ['D02.886.030.230', 'D02.886.489.155', 'D12.125.154.299', 'D12.125.166.230'], ['A07.541'], ['D10.251.355.255.100.450.855.470', 'D10.251.355.310.166.887.855.470', 'D23.469.050.175.450.725.425'], ['G09.330.580', 'G11.427.494.570'], ['A02.633.580', 'A07.541.704', 'A10.690.552.750'], ['E05.680'], ['B01.050.150.900.090.180.708.180'], ['D10.251.355.255.100.450.855', 'D10.251.355.310.166.887.855', 'D23.469.050.175.450.725'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Obstetric and perinatal outcome of babies born from vitrified oocytes.
|
OBJECTIVE: To assess outcomes after oocyte vitrification on obstetric and perinatal outcomes compared with those achieved with fresh oocytes.DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study.SETTING: Private university-affiliated IVF center.PATIENT(S): Children born after use of vitrified oocytes (1,027 from 804 pregnancies) and fresh oocytes (1,224 from 996 pregnancies). Singleton and multiples pregnancies from own and donated ova were included.INTERVENTION(S): Oocyte vitrification by the Cryotop method.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Pregnancy, delivery, and neonatal outcomes.RESULT(S): Vitrification had no clinically relevant adverse effects on obstetric and perinatal outcomes after adjusting for potential confounders. No differences were found between the vitrified and fresh oocyte groups in the rate of obstetric problems (including diabetes, pregnancy-induced hypertension, preterm birth, anemia, and cholestasis), gestational age at delivery, birth weight, Apgar scores, birth defects, admission to neonatal intensive care unit (ICU), perinatal mortality, and puerperal problems. Only a greater number of invasive procedures (adjusted odds ratio 2.12; 95% confidence interval 1.41-3.20), and a reduced occurrence of urinary tract infection (adjusted odds ratio 0.51; 95% confidence interval 0.28-0.91), were observed in the vitrified oocytes group.CONCLUSION(S): Although our data, the largest series to date, suggest that oocyte vitrification does not increase adverse obstetric and perinatal outcomes in children conceived with vitrified oocytes, further studies with larger samples are required to reinforce our conclusions.
|
['Adult', 'Chi-Square Distribution', 'Cryopreservation', 'Female', 'Fertilization in Vitro', 'Humans', 'Infertility', 'Logistic Models', 'Multivariate Analysis', 'Odds Ratio', 'Oocyte Retrieval', 'Oocytes', 'Pregnancy', 'Pregnancy Complications', 'Pregnancy Outcome', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Risk Assessment', 'Risk Factors', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Vitrification']
| 25,064,408
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E05.318.740.994.300', 'G17.820.300', 'N05.715.360.750.750.200', 'N06.850.520.830.994.300'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.760.160', 'E01.370.225.750.600.760.160', 'E02.792.156', 'E05.200.500.620.760.160', 'E05.200.750.600.760.160', 'E05.760.156'], ['E02.875.800.750', 'E05.820.800.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C12.294.365', 'C13.351.500.365'], ['E05.318.740.500.525', 'E05.318.740.600.800.450', 'E05.318.740.750.450', 'E05.599.835.875', 'N05.715.360.750.530.480', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.450', 'N05.715.360.750.695.470', 'N06.850.520.830.500.525', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.450', 'N06.850.520.830.750.450'], ['E05.318.740.150.500', 'N05.715.360.750.125.500', 'N06.850.520.830.150.500'], ['E05.318.740.600.600', 'G17.680.500', 'N05.715.360.750.625.590', 'N06.850.520.830.600.600'], ['E02.875.800.976', 'E04.936.537.625', 'E05.820.800.976'], ['A05.360.490.690.680', 'A11.497.497.600'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['C13.703'], ['E01.789.700', 'G08.686.784.769.496'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.715', 'N04.452.871.715', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.690', 'N06.850.505.715', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.715'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['G01.645.625']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Further characterization of the putative 5-HT4 receptor mediating depolarization of the rat isolated vagus nerve.
|
A putative 5-HT4 receptor-mediated depolarization of the rat isolated vagus nerve has been studied using a grease-gap extracellular recording technique. Ondansetron (1 microM) was used to block the predominant 5-HT3 receptor mediated depolarization in this preparation and the effects of the 5-HT4 receptor antagonists DAU 6285 (endo-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo [3.2.1] oct-3-yl-2,3-dihydro-6-methoxy-2-oxo-1H-benzimidazole-1- carboxylate HCl); 0.3, 1.0 or 3.0 microM and SDZ 205-557 (2-methoxy-4-amino-5-chloro-benzoic acid 2-(diethylamino)-ethyl ester HCl); 0.1, 0.3 or 1.0 microM were studied on the residual, ondansetron-resistant, component of the response. The effects of the phosphodiesterase inhibitor isobutylmethylxanthine (IBMX) and of forskolin on the ondansetron-resistant response were also studied. Both DAU 6285 and SDZ 205-557 acted as competitive antagonists of the ondansetron-resistant response to 5-HT with pA2 values of 6.8 (6.7-7.1, n = 12) and 7.1 (6.9-7.5, n = 12) respectively. The vagus nerve was depolarized by IBMX (100 microM) or forskolin (10 microM), the effects being similar to the maximum response to 5-HT. In the presence of IBMX (100 microM) or forskolin (10 microM) the ondansetron-resistant component of the response to 5-HT was enhanced and the 5-HT3 receptor-mediated component reduced. These results with DAU 6285 and SDZ 205-557 are consistent with a 5-HT4 receptor-mediated mechanism of the ondansetron-resistant depolarizing response to 5-HT.
|
['4-Aminobenzoic Acid', 'Animals', 'Benzimidazoles', 'Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Male', 'Ondansetron', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Receptors, Serotonin', 'Serotonin', 'Serotonin Antagonists', 'Vagus Nerve', 'para-Aminobenzoates']
| 7,477,428
|
[['D02.241.223.100.050.500.640', 'D02.455.426.559.389.127.020.937.640'], ['B01.050'], ['D03.633.100.103'], ['D03.605.084'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['D03.383.129.308.690', 'D03.633.100.473.144.500', 'D03.633.300.148.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['D12.776.543.750.670.800', 'D12.776.543.750.695.800', 'D12.776.543.750.720.850'], ['D02.092.211.215.801.852', 'D03.633.100.473.914.814', 'D23.469.050.650'], ['D27.505.519.625.850.850', 'D27.505.696.577.850.850'], ['A08.800.050.050.925', 'A08.800.050.600.825', 'A08.800.800.060.920', 'A08.800.800.120.900'], ['D02.241.223.100.050.500', 'D02.455.426.559.389.127.020.937']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Comparison of patient survival in non-diabetic transplant-listed patients initially treated with haemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis.
|
BACKGROUND: It is still not known whether patients survive longer on one modality of dialysis compared to the other. We have tried to answer this question using data from the Scottish Renal Registry.METHODS: To avoid the confounding effects of co-morbidity, we limited our survival analysis to those patients listed for a renal transplant and excluded patients with a primary renal diagnosis (PRD) of diabetic nephropathy. We studied patients starting dialysis between 01 January 1982 and 31 December 2006.RESULTS: Three thousand one hundred and ninety-seven patients fulfilled our criteria. A Kaplan-Meier plot showed no difference in survival between initial dialysis modality (log-rank P = 0.996). In the Cox regression model, initial dialysis modality was not a significant predictor of survival; hazard ratio = 0.97 (95% CI 0.80 to 1.18) after adjusting for age, sex and PRD. Age at the start of dialysis, hazard ratio = 1.05 (95% CI 1.04 to 1.06) and a PRD group of 'multi-system disease' or 'unknown' were found to significantly influence survival. When survival was also censored for change in modality, there was no difference in survival over the whole study period with the hazard of death for patients on haemodialysis compared to those on peritoneal dialysis being 1.04 (95% CI 0.78 to 1.38; P = 0.803). Age at the start of dialysis remained a significant predictor of death.CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that there was no survival advantage between initial dialysis modalities in non-diabetic patients who are deemed healthy enough for listing for a renal transplant.
|
['Adult', 'Diabetes Mellitus', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Kidney Failure, Chronic', 'Kidney Transplantation', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Peritoneal Dialysis', 'Registries', 'Renal Dialysis', 'Survival Rate', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 20,659,905
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['C18.452.394.750', 'C19.246'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C12.777.419.780.750.500', 'C13.351.968.419.780.750.500'], ['E02.870.500', 'E04.936.450.485', 'E04.950.774.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E02.870.300.650', 'E02.912.800.650'], ['E05.318.308.970', 'N04.452.859.819', 'N05.715.360.300.715.700', 'N06.850.520.308.970'], ['E02.870.300', 'E02.912.800'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.900', 'N01.224.935.698.826', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.900', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.900'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Biodegradation kinetics of 4-fluorocinnamic acid by a consortium of Arthrobacter and Ralstonia strains.
|
Arthrobacter sp. strain G1 is able to grow on 4-fluorocinnamic acid (4-FCA) as sole carbon source. The organism converts 4-FCA into 4-fluorobenzoic acid (4-FBA) and utilizes the two-carbon side-chain for growth with some formation of 4-fluoroacetophenone as a dead-end side product. We also have isolated Ralstonia sp. strain H1, an organism that degrades 4-FBA. A consortium of strains G1 and H1 degraded 4-FCA with Monod kinetics during growth in batch and continuous cultures. Specific growth rates of strain G1 and specific degradation rates of 4-FCA were observed to follow substrate inhibition kinetics, which could be modeled using the kinetic models of Haldane-Andrew and Luong-Levenspiel. The mixed culture showed complete mineralization of 4-FCA with quantitative release of fluoride, both in batch and continuous cultures. Steady-state chemostat cultures that were exposed to shock loadings of substrate responded with rapid degradation and returned to steady-state in 10-15 h, indicating that the mixed culture provided a robust system for continuous 4-FCA degradation.
|
['Arthrobacter', 'Batch Cell Culture Techniques', 'Benzoates', 'Biodegradation, Environmental', 'Biomass', 'Carbon', 'Cinnamates', 'Kinetics', 'Microbial Consortia', 'Ralstonia', 'Water Pollutants, Chemical']
| 21,728,015
|
[['B03.510.024.850.050', 'B03.510.460.400.400.049.074'], ['E05.481.500.249.124'], ['D02.241.223.100', 'D02.455.426.559.389.127'], ['N06.230.080.600.500', 'N06.850.460.375.500'], ['G16.500.275.157.100', 'N06.230.124.100'], ['D01.268.150'], ['D02.241.223.200'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['G06.591.750', 'G16.500.275.157.049.100.500.750', 'N06.230.124.049.100.500.500'], ['B03.660.075.090.688.600'], ['D27.888.284.903.655']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
DddQ, a novel, cupin-containing, dimethylsulfoniopropionate lyase in marine roseobacters and in uncultured marine bacteria.
|
Ruegeria (previously Silicibacter) pomeroyi DSS-3, a marine roseobacter, can catabolize dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP), a compatible solute that is made in large amounts by marine plankton and algae. This strain was known to demethylate DMSP via a demethylase, encoded by the dmdA gene, and it can also cleave DMSP, releasing the environmentally important volatile dimethyl sulfide (DMS) in the process. We found that this strain has two different genes, dddP and dddQ, which encode enzymes that cleave DMSP, generating DMS plus acrylate. DddP had earlier been found in other roseobacters and is a member of the M24 family of peptidases. The newly discovered DddQ polypeptide contains a predicted cupin metal-binding pocket, but has no other similarity to any other polypeptide with known function. DddP(-) and DddQ(-) mutants each produced DMS at significantly reduced levels compared with wild-type R. pomeroyi DSS-3, and transcription of the corresponding ddd genes was enhanced when cells were pre-grown with DMSP. Ruegeria pomeroyi DSS-3 also has a gene product that is homologous to DddD, a previously identified enzyme that cleaves DMSP, but which forms DMS plus 3-OH-propionate as the initial catabolites. However, mutations in this dddD-like gene did not affect DMS production, and it was not transcribed under our conditions. Another roseobacter strain, Roseovarius nubinhibens ISM, also contains dddP and has two functional copies of dddQ, encoded by adjacent genes. Judged by their frequencies in the Global Ocean Sampling metagenomic databases, DddP and DddQ are relatively abundant among marine bacteria compared with the previously identified DddL and DddD enzymes.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Bacterial Proteins', 'Carbon-Sulfur Lyases', 'DNA, Bacterial', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Mutagenesis, Insertional', 'Rhodobacteraceae', 'Sequence Alignment', 'Sulfides', 'Sulfonium Compounds']
| 20,880,330
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['D12.776.097'], ['D08.811.520.300'], ['D13.444.308.212'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['E05.393.420.601.550', 'G05.365.590.575', 'G05.558.550'], ['B03.660.050.750'], ['E05.393.751'], ['D01.248.497.158.874', 'D01.875.350.850', 'D02.886.520'], ['D02.675.800', 'D02.886.620']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Effect of anastomotic length on the development of intimal hyperplasia in the distal anastomosis of bypass graft.
|
Many hemodynamic factors have been shown to be associated with increased intimal hyperplasia at the distal anastomosis of arterial bypass graft. However, the relationship between the length of anastomosis and the development of such a complication has not been studied before. The aim of this study was to assess this relationship at the distal anastomosis with a Dacron graft. Iliofemoral bypass using 6 mm Dacron grafts was performed in 10 German shepherd dogs. In accordance with preoperative randomization to individual animal legs, distal anastomoses were reconstructed using four different groups (A, B, C, and D), depending on the length of the arteriotomy: 3.0, 3.5, 4.0, and 4.5 times the internal diameter of the artery, respectively. The vessels were harvested 6 months after the operation, and specimens were processed for histologic and transmission electron microscopic (TEM) studies. Quantitative analysis was performed to assess the extent of intimal hyperplasia at three zones (heel, toe, and midzone of the arterial bed) of the distal anastomosis. Sixteen arterial bypasses were included in this study. Both light and TEM studies revealed evidence of intimal hyperplasia in the four groups. Quantitative analysis showed a significant decrease in intimal hyperplasia with increasing the length of the anastomosis at the heel, toe, or midzone of the arterial bed. Mean (mum +/- SD) intimal hyperplasia of the three zones together was significantly higher in group A than group B (585 +/- 106 vs 423 +/- 8.6, p < .001) and in group B than group C (423 +/- 8.6 vs 202 +/- 15, p < .001). However, the difference between group C and group D (202 +/- 15 vs 162 +/- 8.6; p = .13) was statistically insignificant. The present study showed that the length of the anastomosis is one of the hemodynamic factors involved in the development of intimal hyperplasia. Anastomotic techniques that resulted in the least intimal hyperplasia were end to side, with length 4 or 4.5 times the internal diameter of the artery.
|
['Anastomosis, Surgical', 'Animals', 'Blood Vessel Prosthesis', 'Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation', 'Dogs', 'Female', 'Femoral Artery', 'Graft Occlusion, Vascular', 'Hyperplasia', 'Iliac Artery', 'Male', 'Microscopy, Electron, Transmission', 'Models, Animal', 'Polyethylene Terephthalates', 'Prosthesis Design', 'Radiography', 'Time Factors', 'Tunica Intima', 'Vascular Patency']
| 20,822,719
|
[['E04.035'], ['B01.050'], ['E07.695.110'], ['E04.100.814.868.500', 'E04.650.200'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.250.216.200'], ['A07.015.114.351'], ['C23.550.767.400'], ['C23.550.444'], ['A07.015.114.444'], ['E01.370.350.515.402.580', 'E05.595.402.580'], ['E05.598'], ['D05.750.728.764', 'D25.720.728.764', 'J01.637.051.720.728.764'], ['E05.320.550', 'E07.695.680'], ['E01.370.350.700'], ['G01.910.857'], ['A07.015.700'], ['G09.330.920']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The metabolic fitness program: lifestyle modification for the metabolic syndrome using the resources of cardiac rehabilitation.
|
PURPOSE: To describe and assess the effectiveness of a lifestyle intervention program (Met Fit) designed to treat the metabolic syndrome (MetSyn) in a cardiac rehabilitation setting.METHODS: Met Fit is a physician referred and patient pay ($350) program consisting of 12 weekly sessions of 45 minutes of exercise and 45 minutes of education with target exercise recommendations of 150 to 200 minutes weekly and 5% loss in body weight using a Mediterranean-style diet. Primary outcomes are compliance with program recommendations and secondary outcomes effecting MetSyn components.RESULTS: Patients (N = 126) were enrolled between June 2005 and July 2009 averaging 9 per class. Mean (SD) age was 51(12) years, body mass index 38(6.9) kg/m, high density lipoprotein-cholesterol for men 37(9.4) mg/dL and women 46(10) mg/dL, glucose 121(39) mg/dL, and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance 7.2(6.1). For the 93 (73.8%) patients for whom there was complete data, mean weight loss was 6.2(6.9) lbs, [corrected] 63.4% lost at least 4 lbs, [corrected] and 19.4% lost more than 5% of weight. Significant reductions were observed in the waist circumference and body fat, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Triglycerides decreased significantly in both diabetics and nondiabetics but glucose decreased significantly only in diabetics. At baseline, 51% had evidence of depression, which decreased to 24.7% at 12 weeks. At program completion, 18 patients (19.4%) no longer had the MetSyn and 39 (41.9%) lost at least 1 criterion (P < .0001).CONCLUSIONS: A 12-week patient-pay lifestyle interventional program conducted in a cardiac rehabilitation setting can result in a highly significant benefit to patients with the MetSyn.
|
['Adult', 'Behavior Therapy', 'Blood Pressure', 'Counseling', 'Diet, Mediterranean', 'Exercise', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Life Style', 'Male', 'Metabolic Syndrome', 'Middle Aged', 'Physical Fitness', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 21,734,589
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['F04.754.137'], ['E01.370.600.875.249', 'G09.330.380.076'], ['F02.784.176', 'F04.408.413', 'N02.421.143.303', 'N02.421.461.363'], ['E02.642.249.270', 'G07.203.650.240.270'], ['G11.427.410.698.277', 'I03.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.829.458'], ['C18.452.394.968.500.570', 'C18.452.625'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G11.427.685', 'I03.450.642.845.054.800', 'N01.400.545'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Adenosine A(2A) receptor activation promotes wound neovascularization by stimulating angiogenesis and vasculogenesis.
|
Recent reports indicate that circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) may be recruited to sites of neovascularization where they differentiate into endothelial cells (EC). As we have previously demonstrated that adenosine A(2A) agonists promote neovascularization in wounds, we sought to determine whether adenosine A(2A) receptor agonist-augmented wound healing involves vessel sprouting (angiogenesis) or EPC recruitment (vasculogenesis) or both. Four weeks after bone marrow reconstitution from donor FVB/N Tie2GFP transgenic mice, two full-thickness excisional wounds were performed on the dorsum of FVB/N wild-type mice and treated with either an A(2A) receptor agonist (CGS-21680) or vehicle alone. Vessel density, as measured by CD31 staining, and density of EPC-derived vessels, as measured by GFP expression, were quantified in a blinded fashion using two-color fluorescence microscopy. We observed nearly a threefold increase in CD31-positive vessels and a more than 10-fold increase in GFP-positive cells in A(2A) agonist-treated 3-day old wounds, but by 6 days after wounding the differences between A(2A) agonist-treated and vehicle-treated wounds were no longer statistically significant. In conclusion, this is the first evidence that an exogenous agent such as an adenosine A(2A) receptor agonist increases neovascularization in the early stages of wound repair by increasing both EPC recruitment (vasculogenesis) and local vessel sprouting (angiogenesis).
|
['Adenosine', 'Animals', 'Bone Transplantation', 'Genes, Reporter', 'Green Fluorescent Proteins', 'In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence', 'Luminescent Proteins', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Transgenic', 'Neovascularization, Physiologic', 'Phenethylamines', 'Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1', 'Purinergic Agonists', 'Receptor, Adenosine A2A', 'Wound Healing', 'Wounds and Injuries']
| 15,161,625
|
[['D03.633.100.759.590.138', 'D13.570.583.138', 'D13.570.800.096'], ['B01.050'], ['E02.095.147.725.052', 'E04.555.130', 'E04.936.580.052'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.435'], ['D12.776.532.265'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.670.325.350', 'E01.370.225.750.600.670.325.350', 'E05.200.500.620.670.325.350', 'E05.200.750.600.670.325.350', 'E05.393.285.350', 'E05.393.661.475.350'], ['D12.776.532'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.136.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800'], ['G09.330.630'], ['D02.092.471.683'], ['D12.776.395.550.200.131', 'D12.776.543.550.200.131', 'D23.050.301.264.900.131', 'D23.050.301.350.131', 'D23.101.100.900.131'], ['D27.505.519.625.725.200', 'D27.505.696.577.725.200'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.700.700.200.100', 'D12.776.543.750.720.700.700.200.100'], ['G16.762.891'], ['C26']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Analyzing correlated binary data using SAS.
|
We discuss methods for analyzing repeated binary measurements on the same individual. In spite of the fact that the repeated measurements on the same individual are correlated, the ordinary logistic regression maximum likelihood estimates (which assume that the repeated measures are independent) are consistent and asymptotically normal (K. Y. Liang and S. L. Zeger, Biometrika 73, 13 (1986]. However, the inverse of the estimated information matrix (assuming independence) can give inconsistent estimates of the asymptotic variance of estimated parameters. We describe how to obtain the logistic regression estimates, as well as a consistent estimate of their covariance matrix, in SAS, with minimal matrix manipulations.
|
['Analysis of Variance', 'Child', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Mathematical Computing', 'Mothers', 'Regression Analysis', 'Respiratory Sounds', 'Smoking', 'Software', 'Software Design']
| 2,350,962
|
[['E05.318.740.150', 'N05.715.360.750.125', 'N06.850.520.830.150'], ['M01.060.406'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.224.680'], ['F01.829.263.500.320.200', 'I01.880.853.150.500.340.270', 'M01.620.630'], ['E05.318.740.750', 'N05.715.360.750.695', 'N06.850.520.830.750'], ['C23.888.852.779', 'E01.370.386.720', 'G09.772.775'], ['F01.145.805'], ['L01.224.900'], ['L01.224.900.820']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
[Italian cardiovascular mortality charts of the CUORE Project: are they comparable with the SCORE charts?].
|
BACKGROUND: The CUORE Project, an Italian longitudinal study, and the SCORE Project use similar methodology in data collection of cardiovascular risk factors and events. The aim of this study was to build the CUORE Project risk charts for the assessment of cardiovascular mortality and to compare them with the SCORE charts.METHODS: Random population samples enrolled between 1980 and 1990 in Italy were included in the analysis: 7520 men aged 35-69 years without previous cardiovascular events with a mean follow-up period of 10 years for cardiovascular disease. ICD-9 codes of death certificates similar to those of the SCORE Project were considered in the analysis when they appear as first cause of death. Gender stratified Cox proportional hazard models were used to assess cardiovascular mortality, including age, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol (or total-to-HDL cholesterol ratio) and smoking habit as risk factors.RESULTS: Results from gender stratified analysis considering total cholesterol showed that all risk factors included in the cardiovascular mortality Cox model of the CUORE Project were statistically significant. The correspondent area under the ROC curve was 0.822 (95% confidence interval 0.800-0.844) for men. The CUORE Project charts were quite similar to the correspondent charts of the SCORE Project: Lin's concordance coefficient was 0.964. Risk range of non-smoker men was 0-17% for the CUORE cardiovascular mortality risk chart (0-14% for the SCORE chart); risk range of smokers was 0-25% for the CUORE cardiovascular mortality risk chart (0-26% for the SCORE chart). Similar results were observed for the chart with total-to-HDL cholesterol ratio.CONCLUSIONS: The comparison between the CUORE and SCORE mortality risk charts demonstrates that the SCORE charts reflect quite well Italian cardiovascular mortality and, correspondingly, Italian cohorts of the CUORE Project are quite representative of European countries with a low risk of cardiovascular mortality.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Biomarkers', 'Cardiovascular Diseases', 'Cholesterol', 'Cholesterol, HDL', 'Humans', 'International Classification of Diseases', 'Italy', 'Longitudinal Studies', 'Male', 'Medical Records', 'Middle Aged', 'Random Allocation', 'Risk Assessment', 'Risk Factors', 'Smoking', 'Survival Rate']
| 20,408,479
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D23.101'], ['C14'], ['D04.210.500.247.222.284', 'D04.210.500.247.808.197', 'D10.570.938.208'], ['D04.210.500.247.808.197.238', 'D10.532.432.400', 'D10.570.938.208.270', 'D12.776.521.479.470'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.453.245.945.400'], ['Z01.542.489'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.500'], ['E05.318.308.940.968', 'N04.452.859.564', 'N05.715.360.300.715.500', 'N06.850.520.308.940.968'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.370.700', 'E05.581.500.805', 'N05.715.360.325.675', 'N06.850.520.445.700'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.715', 'N04.452.871.715', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.690', 'N06.850.505.715', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.715'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['F01.145.805'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.900', 'N01.224.935.698.826', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.900', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.900']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
A five-country comparison of anxiety early after acute myocardial infarction.
|
BACKGROUND: Anxiety is common after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and has the potential to negatively affect physical and psychosocial recovery. There have been no cross-cultural comparisons of anxiety among AMI patients.AIMS: To evaluate whether anxiety after AMI differs across five diverse countries and to determine whether an interaction between country, and sociodemographic and clinical variables contributes to variations in reporting anxiety.METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 912 individuals with confirmed AMI were enrolled in this prospective, comparative, cross-cultural study. Anxiety was assessed within 72 h of hospital admission using the Brief Symptom Inventory. The mean level of anxiety in the entire sample was 0.62+/-0.76, which is 44% higher than the normal mean level. Anxiety levels were not significantly different among the countries with the exception that patients in England reported lower levels of anxiety than those in the US (P=0.03). However, this difference disappeared after controlling for sociodemographic variables on which the countries differed.CONCLUSION: Patients from each country studied experienced high anxiety after AMI. Even though various cultures were represented in this study, culture itself did not account for variations in anxiety after AMI. It appears that anxiety after AMI is a universal phenomenon.
|
['Acute Disease', 'Aged', 'Anxiety', 'Attitude to Health', 'Australia', 'Cross-Cultural Comparison', 'Diabetes Complications', 'Emergency Treatment', 'England', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hypertension', 'Japan', 'Korea', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Myocardial Infarction', 'Prospective Studies', 'Psychiatric Status Rating Scales', 'Risk Factors', 'Severity of Illness Index', 'Smoking', 'Socioeconomic Factors', 'Time Factors', 'United States']
| 15,234,317
|
[['C23.550.291.125'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['F01.470.132'], ['F01.100.150', 'N05.300.150'], ['Z01.639.100', 'Z01.678.100.373'], ['I01.076.201.450.281', 'I01.880.853.100.257'], ['C19.246.099'], ['E02.365'], ['Z01.542.363.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C14.907.489'], ['Z01.252.474.463', 'Z01.639.595'], ['Z01.252.474.557', 'Z01.586.407'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C14.280.647.500', 'C14.907.585.500', 'C23.550.513.355.750', 'C23.550.717.489.750'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['F04.711.513.653'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475.456.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.364.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.364.500'], ['F01.145.805'], ['I01.880.853.996', 'N01.824'], ['G01.910.857'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Divergence in nonspecific hydrophobic packing interactions in the apo state, and its possible role in functional specialization of mitochondrial and microsomal cytochrome b5.
|
The outer mitochondrial membrane isoform of mammalian cytochrome b(5) (OM b(5)) is distinguished from the microsomal isoform (Mc b(5)) by its considerably greater stability. In contrast, OM and Mc apocytochrome b(5) (apo-b(5)) exhibit similar thermodynamic stability. Contributing substantially to the greater stability of OM b(5) relative to that of Mc b(5) is the presence of Leu at position 71. Replacing Leu-71 in OM b(5) with the corresponding Mc b(5) residue (Ser) not only diminishes holoprotein stability but also markedly compromises apoprotein stability. The studies reported herein were undertaken to clarify the role played by Leu-71 in stabilizing OM b(5)s relative to Mc b(5)s, and were motivated by the possibility that stability is related to other differences in OM and Mc b(5) properties that are important for their specialized subcellular roles. The results of these studies show that Leu-71 plays an essential role in maintaining the structural integrity of the heme-independent folding core of OM apo-b(5) (core 2), despite its location in the disordered empty heme-binding pocket (core 1). The conformational integrity of core 2 in Mc apo-b(5)s is not similarly dependent on the presence of a hydrophobic residue at position 71, providing new evidence for evolution of compensating structural features not present in OM b(5)s. We propose that Leu-71 achieves its effect on OM apo-b(5) core 2 structure by participating in a nonspecific hydrophobic collapse of disordered core 1, templated by more conformationally restricted side chains of residues in the beta-sheet that separates the two cores. We hypothesize that this has the added effect of maintaining core 1 of OM apo-b(5)s in a state more compact than that which occurs in Mc apo-b(5)s, possibly contributing to stronger heme binding by limiting the number of non-native conformations that the empty heme-binding pocket can populate.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Animals', 'Crystallography, X-Ray', 'Cytochromes b5', 'Microsomes', 'Mitochondria', 'Models, Molecular', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Protein Denaturation', 'Protein Isoforms', 'Protein Structure, Secondary', 'Protein Structure, Tertiary', 'Recombinant Proteins', 'Sequence Alignment']
| 16,262,260
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['B01.050'], ['E05.196.309.742.225'], ['D08.244.187.500', 'D12.776.422.220.187.500'], ['A11.284.835.540'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.564', 'A11.284.835.626'], ['E05.599.595'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G01.154.651.750.500', 'G02.111.688.750.500'], ['D12.776.800'], ['G02.111.570.820.709.600'], ['G02.111.570.820.709.610'], ['D12.776.828'], ['E05.393.751']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Microbial ecology in a future climate: effects of temperature and moisture on microbial communities of two boreal fens.
|
Impacts of warming with open-top chambers on microbial communities in wet conditions and in conditions resulting from moderate water-level drawdown (WLD) were studied across 0-50 cm depth in northern and southern boreal sedge fens. Warming alone decreased microbial biomass especially in the northern fen. Impact of warming on microbial PLFA and fungal ITS composition was more obvious in the northern fen and linked to moisture regime and sample depth. Fungal-specific PLFA increased in the surface peat in the drier regime and decreased in layers below 10 cm in the wet regime after warming. OTUs representing Tomentella and Lactarius were observed in drier regime and Mortierella in wet regime after warming in the northern fen. The ectomycorrhizal fungi responded only to WLD. Interestingly, warming together with WLD decreased archaeal 16S rRNA copy numbers in general, and fungal ITS copy numbers in the northern fen. Expectedly, many results indicated that microbial response on warming may be linked to the moisture regime. Results indicated that microbial community in the northern fen representing Arctic soils would be more sensitive to environmental changes. The response to future climate change clearly may vary even within a habitat type, exemplified here by boreal sedge fen.
|
['Archaea', 'Arctic Regions', 'Basidiomycota', 'Climate Change', 'Ecosystem', 'Microbial Consortia', 'Mortierella', 'Mycorrhizae', 'RNA, Ribosomal, 16S', 'Soil', 'Soil Microbiology', 'Temperature', 'Wetlands']
| 26,066,028
|
[['B02'], ['Z01.208'], ['B01.300.179'], ['G16.500.175.374'], ['G16.500.275.157', 'N06.230.124'], ['G06.591.750', 'G16.500.275.157.049.100.500.750', 'N06.230.124.049.100.500.500'], ['B01.300.300.500.480'], ['A18.400.525', 'A19.690', 'B01.300.655', 'B05.550'], ['D13.444.735.686.670'], ['D20.721', 'G01.311.820', 'G16.500.275.815', 'N06.230.600'], ['H01.158.273.540.274.555', 'N06.850.425.300'], ['G01.906.595', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710', 'G16.500.750.775.710', 'N06.230.150.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710'], ['G16.500.275.157.812', 'N06.230.124.625']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
High-speed label-free functional photoacoustic microscopy of mouse brain in action.
|
We present fast functional photoacoustic microscopy (PAM) for three-dimensional high-resolution, high-speed imaging of the mouse brain, complementary to other imaging modalities. We implemented a single-wavelength pulse-width-based method with a one-dimensional imaging rate of 100 kHz to image blood oxygenation with capillary-level resolution. We applied PAM to image the vascular morphology, blood oxygenation, blood flow and oxygen metabolism in both resting and stimulated states in the mouse brain.
|
['Animals', 'Blood Flow Velocity', 'Brain', 'Electric Stimulation', 'Female', 'Mice', 'Microscopy', 'Photoacoustic Techniques', 'Reproducibility of Results']
| 25,822,799
|
[['B01.050'], ['E01.370.370.130', 'G09.330.380.630.080'], ['A08.186.211'], ['E05.723.402'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['E01.370.350.515', 'E05.595', 'H01.671.617.562'], ['E01.370.565', 'E05.696'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Limiting dilution analysis of CD45Rhi and CD45Rlo T cells: further evidence that CD45Rlo cells are memory cells.
|
Murine CD4+ T cells can be separated into two distinct populations on the basis of their levels of expression of the CD45RB antigen (CD45Rhi and CD45Rlo). Murine CD45Rlo cells arise from CD45Rhi cells after antigenic exposure and provide antigen-specific help to B cells in a secondary immune response. In the present study, the ability of CD45Rhi and CD45Rlo cells to proliferate in response to either soluble antigen or allogeneic cells was examined by limiting dilution analysis. CD45Rhi cells were the major responding cells in unprimed animals; priming caused a large increase in the frequencies of responding CD45Rlo cells and this increase was evident 11 months later. These results further support the notion that CD4+ CD45Rlo cells are long-term memory cells.
|
['Animals', 'Antibodies, Monoclonal', 'Antigens, Differentiation', 'Cell Separation', 'Concanavalin A', 'Female', 'Hemocyanins', 'Histocompatibility Antigens', 'Immunization', 'Immunization, Secondary', 'Immunologic Memory', 'Isoantigens', 'Leukocyte Common Antigens', 'Lymphocyte Activation', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred BALB C', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'T-Lymphocytes', 'T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer']
| 2,145,081
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224'], ['D23.050.301.264', 'D23.101.100'], ['E01.370.225.500.363', 'E05.200.500.363', 'E05.242.363'], ['D12.776.503.499.500', 'D12.776.765.678.500'], ['D12.776.093.375', 'D12.776.556.462', 'D23.767.482'], ['D23.050.301.500', 'D23.050.705.552'], ['E02.095.465.425.400', 'E05.478.550', 'N02.421.726.758.310', 'N06.850.780.200.425', 'N06.850.780.680.310'], ['E02.095.465.425.400.485', 'E05.478.550.550'], ['G12.450.050.500'], ['D23.050.705'], ['D08.811.277.352.650.775.400.100.500', 'D12.644.360.587.100.500', 'D12.776.476.592.100.500', 'D12.776.543.733.937.500'], ['E01.370.225.812.482', 'E05.200.812.482', 'E05.478.594.530', 'G12.450.050.400.545', 'G12.565'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.338', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.338'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.569', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.550.500.400', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.200.400', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.500.400', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.550.500.400', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.200.400', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.500.400', 'A15.382.490.555.567.550.500.400', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.200.400', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.500.400']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Factors promoting a successful return to work: from an employer and employee perspective.
|
OBJECTIVE: Efforts have been made to explain the inability to return to work (RTW) due to employees' chronic musculoskeletal pain. Knowledge of factors facilitating the RTW process is however still limited. Based on the experiences of employees and employers, this study aims to identify factors promoting a successful return process for persons with chronic musculoskeletal pain.METHODS: The findings from interviews, involving six employees with musculoskeletal pain, and five employers with various work experience, were analysed by Giorgi's phenomenological analysis through four stages.RESULTS: The major themes underlying the employees' comments for a successful RTW were identifying and mobilizing their personal resources, adapting a balanced daily life, and requiring a positive dialogue with family and their employer, while the employers underlined the need for a helpful adjustment at work and how they wanted to become more involved in the rehabilitation process.CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion our findings underline the need for extended collaboration between the employees, employer, and rehabilitation staff, and should encourage occupational therapists to direct even more of their expertise towards the situation at the workplace.
|
['Adult', 'Chronic Pain', 'Communication', 'Employment', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Interviews as Topic', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Musculoskeletal Pain', 'Personnel Staffing and Scheduling', 'Qualitative Research', 'Return to Work', 'Sick Leave', 'Social Support', 'Workplace']
| 24,289,662
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['C23.888.592.612.274'], ['F01.145.209', 'L01.143'], ['N01.824.245'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.420', 'L01.399.250.520', 'N05.715.360.300.400', 'N06.850.520.308.420'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C05.651.538', 'C23.888.592.612.547', 'F02.830.816.353', 'G11.561.790.353'], ['I03.946.225', 'N04.452.677.650'], ['H01.770.644.241.850'], ['I03.946.449', 'N01.824.245.725'], ['N01.824.417.700.662', 'N04.452.677.800.662'], ['I01.880.853.500.600'], ['N01.824.245.925', 'N04.452.677.975']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Control of gp130 expression by the mitogen-activated protein kinase ERK2.
|
Interleukin (IL)-6-type cytokines such as IL-6, oncostatin M (OSM) and leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF) signal through receptor complexes that are critically dependent on gp130. The latter is the common signal-transducing molecule that couples these cytokines to their downstream effectors, Janus kinases (JAKs) and signal transducers and activators of transcription (STATs). IL-6-type cytokine signalling additionally involves the recruitment and activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1 and ERK2. Both STATs and ERKs regulate responses mediated by members of the IL-6 family. Here, we show that ERK2, but not ERK1, also controls the expression and function of gp130 per se, as silencing ERK2 in human osteosarcoma U2OS cells inhibits the expression of gp130. This does not simply reflect quantitative differences between ERK1 and ERK2, and the effects are not restricted to osteosarcoma cells, as they can be extended to several other cancer cell types analysed to date (such as breast, prostate, lung and cervical cancer cells). Importantly, ERK2 binds to the GP130 promoter, where it perhaps interacts with the transcriptional machinery. Indeed, its role in the transcriptional regulation of the GP130 gene was corroborated using luciferase reporter assays and messenger RNA stability experiments. Considering the pivotal role that gp130 has in cancer and inflammation these data thus identify novel non-overlapping functions for ERK1 and ERK2 that are biologically relevant.
|
['Base Sequence', 'Binding Sites', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Cytokine Receptor gp130', 'Gene Expression', 'Gene Knockdown Techniques', 'Humans', 'Interleukin-6', 'MAP Kinase Signaling System', 'Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1', 'Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3', 'Phosphorylation', 'Promoter Regions, Genetic', 'Protein Binding', 'Protein Processing, Post-Translational', 'RNA, Small Interfering', 'STAT1 Transcription Factor', 'STAT3 Transcription Factor', 'Transcriptional Activation']
| 23,686,311
|
[['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['G02.111.570.120'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.852.420.400.500', 'D12.776.543.750.705.852.420.560.249', 'D12.776.543.750.705.852.555.600.500', 'D12.776.543.750.705.852.583.500', 'D12.776.543.750.750.400.550.250.500'], ['G05.297'], ['E05.393.335.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.224', 'D12.776.467.374.465.202', 'D23.529.374.465.224'], ['G02.111.820.560', 'G03.493.560', 'G04.835.560'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.567.249.500', 'D12.644.360.450.169.500', 'D12.776.476.450.169.500'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.567.249.750', 'D12.644.360.450.169.750', 'D12.776.476.450.169.750'], ['G02.111.665', 'G02.607.780', 'G03.796'], ['G02.111.570.080.689.675', 'G05.360.080.689.675', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.750.680'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808'], ['G02.111.660.871.790.600', 'G02.111.691.600', 'G03.734.871.790.600', 'G05.308.670.600'], ['D13.150.650.700', 'D13.444.735.150.700', 'D13.444.735.790.552.875'], ['D12.644.360.024.303.500.500', 'D12.644.360.024.342.100', 'D12.776.157.057.061.500.500', 'D12.776.157.057.186.100', 'D12.776.260.513.249.500', 'D12.776.476.024.386.500.500', 'D12.776.476.024.430.100', 'D12.776.930.354.249.500', 'D12.776.930.840.100'], ['D12.644.360.024.342.300', 'D12.776.157.057.186.300', 'D12.776.476.024.430.300', 'D12.776.930.840.300'], ['G05.308.800']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Flavonoids and other polyphenols in consumer brews of tea and other caffeinated beverages.
|
The polyphenolic, flavonoid, and caffeine compositions of four commercial tea bag products (typical of those used in the UK, US, continental Europe, and the Middle East) and beverages prepared from them under a range of typical consumer use conditions have been studied. Leaf composition was determined by extraction with aqueous methanol: the absolute compositions of all four products were remarkably similar in terms of most phenolic compounds. The flavonoids comprised the major proportion (93-94%) of the total phenolics estimated by the Folin-Ciocalteu method. At brew times up to 2 min the composition of the brew solids was for each product practically independent of brew time, with flavonoids again comprising the major proportion (86-88%) of the total phenolics. The efficiency of extraction in brewing of total phenolics, total flavonoids, catechins, and theaflavins was up to 35-55% of the total available in the leaf, whereas the flavonol and flavone glycosides and caffeine were more efficiently extracted (up to 55-90%). The contribution of tea to the UK adult average total dietary intake of flavonols and flavones was calculated to be up to 80% depending on brewing conditions.
|
['Beverages', 'Caffeine', 'Commerce', 'Flavonoids', 'Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy', 'Phenols', 'Polymers', 'Tea']
| 10,898,634
|
[['G07.203.100', 'J02.200'], ['D03.132.960.175', 'D03.633.100.759.758.824.175'], ['J01.219'], ['D03.383.663.283.266.450', 'D03.633.100.150.266.450'], ['E05.196.867.519'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.657'], ['D05.750', 'D25.720', 'J01.637.051.720'], ['D20.215.784.844', 'G07.203.100.831', 'J02.200.831']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Evaluate the contribution of social services.
|
Performance measures are generally easiest to determine for social work activities that have clearly defined goals. According to Patrice Spath, RHIT, by using a patient and family satisfaction survey, the case management team can collect data about patient and family perceptions of staff performance, set goals, and make constant improvements in quality.
|
['Case Management', 'Efficiency, Organizational', 'Health Care Surveys', 'Humans', 'Patient Satisfaction', 'Quality Indicators, Health Care', 'Social Work Department, Hospital', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'United States']
| 11,125,921
|
[['N04.590.233.624.250'], ['N04.452.209.500'], ['E05.318.308.980.344', 'N03.349.380.210', 'N05.425.210', 'N05.715.360.300.800.344', 'N06.850.520.308.980.344'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.100.150.750.625', 'F01.145.488.887.625', 'N04.452.822.700', 'N05.300.150.800.625', 'N05.715.360.600'], ['N04.761.789', 'N05.715.760'], ['N02.278.216.500.968.730', 'N04.452.442.452.422.730'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
A new computer technique for continuous measurement of the pre-ejection period in the human fetus: physiologic significance of pre-ejection period patterns.
|
A new interactive computer graphics system was developed for continuous online or offline measurement of the pre-ejection period (PEP) in the human fetus during both the antepartum and the intrapartum period. A significant feature is the system's ability to accurately measure PEP from the onset of QRS complex to the beginning of aortic opening with a resolution of less than 2 milliseconds. Normal patterns of PEP prolongation were observed with fetal movement and occlusion of the umbilical cord, whereas progressive shortening of PEP was noticed with late decelerations associated with acute hypoxia. A pathologic pattern of PEP prolongation associated with late decelarations and poor heart rate variability was observed with chronic hypoxia and acidosis. These patterns suggest that continuous monitoring of PEP may be a useful adjunct to current monitoring methods when attempting to assess fetal cardiac performance and well-being.
|
['Computers', 'Electrocardiography', 'Female', 'Fetal Heart', 'Fetal Hypoxia', 'Fetal Monitoring', 'Humans', 'Myocardial Contraction', 'Pregnancy']
| 7,405,971
|
[['L01.224.230.260'], ['E01.370.370.380.240', 'E01.370.405.240'], ['A07.541.278', 'A16.378.303'], ['C13.703.277.390', 'C16.300.420', 'C23.888.852.079.594'], ['E01.370.378.230', 'E01.370.520.230'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G09.330.580', 'G11.427.494.570'], ['G08.686.784.769']]
|
['Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Effect of simvastatin on rat supraspinatus tendon mechanical and histological properties in a diet-induced hypercholesterolemia model.
|
Hypercholesterolemia is a common condition and is a risk factor for tendon rupture, specifically in the supraspinatus tendon. In the clinic, statins are commonly prescribed to lower cholesterol, but little information is available examining the effect of statin treatment on the musculoskeletal system. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the biomechanical and histological effects of statin treatment in a diet-induced hypercholesterolemia model. We hypothesized that hypercholesterolemic rats treated with statins would have improved tendon biomechanical and histological properties compared to hypercholesterolemic rats not receiving daily statin treatment. Thirty adult male Sprague-Dawley rats ate either high-cholesterol (HC) diet (n = 20) or normal chow (CTL, n = 10). After 6 months, a subset of HC rats began daily oral simvastatin dosing (HC+S) at 20 mg/kg. All rats were sacrificed after a total of 9 months (3 months of statin treatment) and evaluated for histology and mechanics. For mechanics, at the insertion region, HC+S group had increased tendon cross-sectional area decreased and modulus. No differences were noted in mechanical properties at the midsubstance. For histology, no differences were noted in the insertion region. In the midsubstance region, HC+S group had more spindle shaped cells. Our results suggest that 3 months of simvastatin treatment in a diet-induced hypercholesterolemia rat model alters some tendon mechanical and histological properties, although a strong conclusion in support of improved parameters cannot be drawn. Therefore, we conclude that simvastatin treatment does not negatively affect tendon properties. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 34:2009-2015, 2016.
|
['Animals', 'Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors', 'Hypercholesterolemia', 'Male', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Rotator Cuff', 'Simvastatin']
| 26,970,227
|
[['B01.050'], ['D27.505.519.186.071.202.370', 'D27.505.519.389.370', 'D27.505.954.557.500.202.370'], ['C18.452.584.500.500.396'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['A02.633.567.912', 'A02.880.700'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.638.400.900', 'D04.615.638.400.900']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Transient ischemic attacks with intracranial tumors (author's transl)].
|
Transient ischemic attacks are not only the consequence of cerebral atherosclerosis. A woman of 48 years had transient ischemic attacks because of a meningeom narrowing the internal carotid artery. A steal syndrome in tumor vessels of a glioblastoma must be presumed in a man of 67 showing initial hemisyndrome with first transient, later on remaining palsy.
|
['Aged', 'Angiography', 'Aphasia', 'Carotid Arteries', 'Female', 'Glioma', 'Humans', 'Ischemic Attack, Transient', 'Male', 'Meningioma', 'Middle Aged']
| 492,065
|
[]
|
[]
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Amyloid â induces microglia to phagocytose neurons via activation of protein kinase Cs and NADPH oxidase.
|
Alzheimer's disease is characterized by brain plaques of amyloid beta and by neuronal loss, but it is unclear how amyloid beta causes neuronal loss and how to prevent this loss. We have previously shown that amyloid beta causes neuronal loss by inducing microglia to phagocytose neurons, and here we investigated whether protein kinase Cs and NADPH oxidase were involved in this. The loss of neurons induced by amyloid beta in co-cultures of primary glia and neurons was completely prevented by inhibiting protein kinase Cs with G?6976 or G?6983. Directly activating protein kinase Cs with phorbol myristate acetate stimulated microglial phagocytosis, and induced neuronal loss mediated by MFG-E8/vitronectin receptor pathway of microglial phagocytosis. Blocking phagocytosis by MFG-E8 knockout or receptor inhibition left live neurons, indicating microglial phagocytosis was the cause of neuronal death. Phorbol myristate acetate stimulated the microglial NADPH oxidase, and inhibiting the oxidase prevented neuronal loss. A physiological activator of NADPH oxidase, fMLP, also induced neuronal loss dependent on microglia. Amyloid beta-induced neuronal loss was blocked by NADPH oxidase inhibitors, superoxide dismutase or Toll-like receptor function-blocking antibodies. The results indicate that amyloid beta induces microglial phagocytosis of neurons via activating protein kinase Cs and NADPH oxidase, and that activating the kinases or oxidase is sufficient to induce neuronal loss by microglial phagocytosis. Thus inhibiting protein kinase Cs or NADPH oxidase might be beneficial in Alzheimer's disease or other brain pathologies involving inflammatory neuronal loss mediated by microglia.
|
['Amyloid beta-Peptides', 'Carbazoles', 'Carcinogens', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Enzyme Activation', 'Enzyme Inhibitors', 'Humans', 'Indoles', 'Maleimides', 'Microglia', 'NADPH Oxidases', 'Neurons', 'Phagocytosis', 'Protein Kinase C', 'Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate']
| 27,267,660
|
[['D12.644.024', 'D12.776.049.407.249.500', 'D12.776.543.039.500'], ['D03.633.100.473.144', 'D03.633.300.148'], ['D27.888.569.100'], ['A11.251'], ['G02.111.263', 'G03.328'], ['D27.505.519.389'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D03.633.100.473'], ['D02.241.081.337.502.524', 'D02.478.440', 'D03.383.129.578.399'], ['A08.637.400', 'A11.650.400'], ['D08.811.682.608.575', 'D12.776.331.894', 'D12.776.543.653'], ['A08.675', 'A11.671'], ['G04.417.350', 'G09.188.665', 'G12.450.564.809', 'G12.688'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.725'], ['D02.455.849.291.500.510.850']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Late-onset post-pneumonectomy empyema.
|
Nine cases of empyema developing more than three months after pneumonectomy are presented. Diagnosis is difficult; with one exception, all the patients had been ill for at least three weeks and some for several months before the cause was discovered. In four, the radiological demonstration of gas in a previously opaque hemithorax led to the diagnosis. One of these had a bronchial fistula, two had oesophageal fistulae, and one had both. The remaining patients had no fistulae and the diagnoses were not made until empyema necessitatis had developed. Two from this group yielded pure cultures of pneumococci and one a pure culture of Streptococcus viridans. Except for one patient admitted moribund, all were treated in the first instance by rib resection and open drainage without tubes and all survived. Four of the five without fistulae subsequently had their drainage sinuses successfully closed after the infection of the chest wall had cleared. The belief that a pneumonectomy space normally becomes obliterated is challenged. The history and mode of onset of some of these cases suggested that infection of the residual fluid was bloodborne.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Drainage', 'Empyema', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Pneumonectomy', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Radiography', 'Time Factors']
| 867,326
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E02.309', 'E04.237'], ['C01.830.305', 'C23.550.470.756.305'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E04.620', 'E04.928.600.600'], ['C23.550.767'], ['E01.370.350.700'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Dopamine D1 and D2 receptor agonists induce opposite changes in the firing rate of ventral pallidal neurons.
|
Selective dopamine D1 and D2 agonists were used to determine the contributions of each receptor subtype in the modulation of firing rate of ventral pallidum/substantia innominata (VP/SI) neurons. Administration of cumulative doses of the D2 agonist, quinpirole, decreased activity in 59% of the VP/SI cells tested. The decrease in firing rate was dose-dependent between 0.002-0.2 mg/kg i.v. and was blocked by the D2 antagonist, sulpiride (12.5 mg/kg i.v.). In addition, the magnitude and the distribution of responses of VP/SI neurons was not changed following administration of quinpirole as a single versus a divided cumulative dose of 0.1 mg/kg. In contrast, administration of the D1 agonist, SKF38393, excited 69% of the neurons sampled. Similar maximal responses were observed following administration of either a single or a divided cumulative dose of 3.2 mg/kg of SKF38393. The D1 receptor antagonist, SCH23390 (0.1-0.4 mg/kg i.v.) often attenuated the SKF38393-induced increases. The results illustrate that, (1) VP/SI neurons are sensitive to systemically administered dopamine agonists, (2) D1 or D2 receptor activation is sufficient to change the activity of these neurons and (3) these selective agonists mediate opposite effects on VP/SI neuronal activity. These differential responses contrast with effects observed for other dopaminoceptive brain regions, and distinguish VP/SI neurons from morphologically related neurons of the dorsal globus pallidus.
|
['2,3,4,5-Tetrahydro-7,8-dihydroxy-1-phenyl-1H-3-benzazepine', 'Animals', 'Dopamine Agents', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Electrophysiology', 'Ergolines', 'Globus Pallidus', 'Male', 'Neural Conduction', 'Neurons', 'Quinpirole', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Strains', 'Receptors, Dopamine', 'Receptors, Dopamine D1', 'Receptors, Dopamine D2', 'Substantia Innominata']
| 1,685,119
|
[['D03.633.100.079.838'], ['B01.050'], ['D27.505.519.625.150', 'D27.505.696.577.150'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['H01.158.344.528', 'H01.158.782.236'], ['D03.132.327.287', 'D03.633.400.439'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.249.487.397'], ['G07.265.753', 'G11.561.601'], ['A08.675', 'A11.671'], ['D03.633.100.810.842', 'D03.633.300.802'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400'], ['D12.776.543.750.670.300.400', 'D12.776.543.750.695.150.400', 'D12.776.543.750.720.330.400'], ['D12.776.543.750.670.300.400.400', 'D12.776.543.750.695.150.400.400', 'D12.776.543.750.720.330.400.400'], ['D12.776.543.750.670.300.400.500', 'D12.776.543.750.695.150.400.500', 'D12.776.543.750.720.330.400.500'], ['A08.186.211.180.820', 'A08.186.211.200.885.287.249.880']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Purification and crystallization of the respiratory complex formate dehydrogenase-N from Escherichia coli.
|
A membrane-protein complex, formate dehydrogenase-N from Escherichia coli, has been purified and crystallized. This molybdenum-containing enzyme, composed of alpha, beta and gamma subunits, is the major electron donor to the nitrate respiratory chain of E. coli. The formate dehydrogenase-N crystals belong to the cubic space group P2(1)3, with unit-cell parameters a = b = c = 203 A. An asymmetric unit of the crystals is assumed to contain one formate dehydrogenase-N monomer (MW 170 kDa). One data set to 1.6 A resolution, with 342 711 independent observations (94.4% complete) and an R(merge) of 0.08, has been collected from a single crystal. This is the highest resolution data set reported for a membrane-protein complex to date.
|
['Crystallization', 'Crystallography, X-Ray', 'Escherichia coli', 'Formate Dehydrogenases', 'Protein Conformation']
| 11,752,799
|
[['E05.196.300', 'G02.171'], ['E05.196.309.742.225'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['D08.811.682.657.180'], ['G02.111.570.820.709']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Human RNF169 is a negative regulator of the ubiquitin-dependent response to DNA double-strand breaks.
|
Nonproteolytic ubiquitylation of chromatin surrounding deoxyribonucleic acid double-strand breaks (DSBs), mediated by the RNF8/RNF168 ubiquitin ligases, plays a key role in recruiting repair factors, including 53BP1 and BRCA1, to reestablish genome integrity. In this paper, we show that human RNF169, an uncharacterized E3 ubiquitin ligase paralogous to RNF168, accumulated in DSB repair foci through recognition of RNF168-catalyzed ubiquitylation products by its motif interacting with ubiquitin domain. Unexpectedly, RNF169 was dispensable for chromatin ubiquitylation and ubiquitin-dependent accumulation of repair factors at DSB sites. Instead, RNF169 functionally competed with 53BP1 and RAP80-BRCA1 for association with RNF168-modified chromatin independent of its catalytic activity, limiting the magnitude of their recruitment to DSB sites. By delaying accumulation of 53BP1 and RAP80 at damaged chromatin, RNF169 stimulated homologous recombination and restrained nonhomologous end joining, affecting cell survival after DSB infliction. Our results show that RNF169 functions in a noncanonical fashion to harness RNF168-mediated protein recruitment to DSB-containing chromatin, thereby contributing to regulation of DSB repair pathway utilization.
|
['BRCA1 Protein', 'Carrier Proteins', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Cell Survival', 'Chromatin', 'DNA', 'DNA Breaks, Double-Stranded', 'DNA End-Joining Repair', 'DNA-Binding Proteins', 'HEK293 Cells', 'HeLa Cells', 'Histone Chaperones', 'Homologous Recombination', 'Humans', 'Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins', 'Nuclear Proteins', 'RNA Interference', 'RNA, Small Interfering', 'Tumor Suppressor p53-Binding Protein 1', 'Ubiquitin', 'Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases', 'Ubiquitination', 'Zinc Fingers']
| 22,492,721
|
[['D12.776.313.125', 'D12.776.624.776.100', 'D12.776.660.100', 'D12.776.744.100', 'D12.776.930.137'], ['D12.776.157'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['G04.346'], ['A11.284.430.106.279.345.190.160.180', 'D12.776.664.224', 'G05.360.160.180'], ['D13.444.308'], ['G05.200.210.220'], ['G02.111.222.200', 'G05.219.200'], ['D12.776.260'], ['A11.251.210.172.750', 'A11.436.334'], ['A11.251.210.190.400', 'A11.251.860.180.400', 'A11.436.340'], ['D12.776.580.219'], ['G05.728.615'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.644.360', 'D12.776.476'], ['D12.776.660'], ['G05.308.203.374.790'], ['D13.150.650.700', 'D13.444.735.150.700', 'D13.444.735.790.552.875'], ['D12.776.260.805', 'D12.776.660.235.850', 'D12.776.664.235.950'], ['D12.776.947.500'], ['D08.811.464.938.750'], ['G02.111.660.871.790.600.925', 'G02.111.691.600.775', 'G03.734.871.790.600.831', 'G05.308.670.600.831'], ['G02.111.570.820.709.275.500.985']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Kinetic modeling of a bi-enzymatic system for efficient conversion of lactose to lactobionic acid.
|
A model has been developed to describe the interaction between two enzymes and an intermediary redox mediator. In this bi-enzymatic process, the enzyme cellobiose dehydrogenase oxidizes lactose at the C-1 position of the reducing sugar moiety to lactobionolactone, which spontaneously hydrolyzes to lactobionic acid. 2,2'-Azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt is used as electron acceptor and is continuously regenerated by laccase. Oxygen is the terminal electron acceptor and is fully reduced to water by laccase, a copper-containing oxidase. Oxygen is added to the system by means of bubble-free oxygenation. Using the model, the productivity of the process is investigated by simultaneous solution of the rate equations for varying enzyme quantities and redox mediator concentrations, solved with the aid of a numerical solution. The isocharts developed in this work provide an easy-to-use graphical tool to determine optimal process conditions. The model allows the optimization of the employed activities of the two enzymes and the redox mediator concentration for a given overall oxygen mass transfer coefficient by using the isocharts. Model predictions are well in agreement with the experimental data.
|
['Biotransformation', 'Carbohydrate Dehydrogenases', 'Disaccharides', 'Kinetics', 'Laccase', 'Lactose', 'Oxygen', 'Water']
| 18,988,269
|
[['G03.171', 'G03.787.225', 'G07.690.725.225'], ['D08.811.682.047.150'], ['D09.698.629.305', 'D09.947.750'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['D08.811.682.494'], ['D09.698.629.305.340', 'D09.947.750.340'], ['D01.268.185.550', 'D01.362.670'], ['D01.045.250.875', 'D01.248.497.158.459.650', 'D01.650.550.925']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Counseling for driving restrictions in epilepsy and other causes of temporary impairment of consciousness: how are we doing?
|
In Arizona, other states, and other countries, people who experience a seizure or other transient alteration of consciousness may be legally restricted from driving. Arizona law requires that people with these conditions submit themselves for a medical review, whereas health care providers are not required to report to the authorities. Therefore, counseling people with these medical conditions about driving generally falls to health care providers, who are often not neurologists. Three hundred thirty-five consecutive charts of patients discharged from our Emergency Department were retrospectively reviewed by diagnosis codes associated with altered consciousness. A total of 267 patients met our inclusion criteria, of whom 27 (10.1%) were counseled regarding driving--by the Emergency Department physician and/or consulting neurologist. Although the counseling rate for driving was 10/29 (34.5%) when a neurologist was involved, it was found to be only 17/238 (7.1%) when neurological services were not sought. Patients presenting with seizure were more likely to be counseled than those presenting with other episodes of loss of consciousness. Accurate knowledge of driving laws by health care workers and patients has the potential to minimize liability and improve public safety and quality of care.
|
['Arizona', 'Automobile Driving', 'Consciousness Disorders', 'Counseling', 'Epilepsy', 'Humans', 'Physicians, Family', 'Retrospective Studies']
| 19,162,227
|
[['Z01.107.567.875.760.100'], ['I03.125'], ['C10.597.606.358', 'C23.888.592.604.359', 'F01.700.315', 'F03.615.300'], ['F02.784.176', 'F04.408.413', 'N02.421.143.303', 'N02.421.461.363'], ['C10.228.140.490'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.526.485.810.770', 'N02.360.810.770'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825']]
|
['Geographicals [Z]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
The influence of biological and technical factors on the variability of global and regional brain metabolism of 2-[18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose.
|
This study investigated the influence of biological and technical factors on variations of global and regional cerebral metabolic rate of glucose (CMRglc) measured with 2-[18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose ([18F]FDG). Twelve male volunteers (22-40 years) were investigated on three or four occasions for a total of 42 studies. We calculated the variance/covariance of the following parameters: CMRglc, six parameters of the blood clearance of [18F]FDG, hour of injection, peak time of blood radioactivity, and six components of the operational equation (nonradioactive blood glucose concentration, brain radioactivity, two integrals, numerator, and denominator). There was correlation among these six components, except for nonradioactive blood glucose. However, the correlation between the CMRglc and the individual components of the operational equation was poor. The inter- and intrapersonal CMRglc coefficients of variations were 13.8 and 7.1%, respectively. In contrast, coefficients of variations of the numerator and denominator of the operational equation were 34.6 and 32.6%, respectively, and were always in the same direction. No correlation was found between CMRglc and the technical factors in the numerator and denominator of the operational equation. Factor analysis disclosed that a single factor was responsible for 70% of the variance. This factor included caudate, putamen, thalamus, frontal cortex, temporal cortex, and cingulate gyrus. These structures are involved with multiple complex functions, from autonomic motor control to behavior and emotions. The intrinsic metabolic variability of these structures, along with the basal metabolic processes that are continuously going on in the brain, may be the best explanation for the variance encountered in our investigation.
|
['Adult', 'Brain', 'Caudate Nucleus', 'Cerebral Cortex', 'Deoxyglucose', 'Factor Analysis, Statistical', 'Fluorine Radioisotopes', 'Fluorodeoxyglucose F18', 'Gyrus Cinguli', 'Humans', 'Kinetics', 'Male', 'Putamen', 'Thalamus', 'Tomography, Emission-Computed']
| 1,548,300
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['A08.186.211'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.249.487.550.184'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500'], ['D09.254.229'], ['E05.318.740.400', 'N05.715.360.750.350', 'N06.850.520.830.400'], ['D01.496.749.340'], ['D09.254.229.500'], ['A08.186.211.180.590.500', 'A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.382.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.249.487.550.784'], ['A08.186.211.200.317.826'], ['E01.370.350.350.800', 'E01.370.350.600.350.800', 'E01.370.350.710.800', 'E01.370.350.825.800', 'E01.370.384.730.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in atypical and malignant meningiomas.
|
Because it is not easy to determine the tumor status of meningiomas by current diagnostic procedures, we investigated these tumors immunohistochemically using the monoclonal antibody PC 10. This antibody recognizes a fixation- and processing-resistant epitope of the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), which is a 36-KD nuclear antigen associated with the cell cycle. We studied paraffin-embedded and formalin-fixed tissue specimens of a group of 21 atypical/malignant meningiomas together with 18 benign meningiomas. PCNA staining results were compared with the mean number of silver-stained nucleolar organizer region-associated proteins (AgNORs), tumor grading, and mitotic indices of these tumors. The percentage of PCNA-positive cells was found to range between 0.1% and 40%, irrespective of the tumor grade. When all tumors were collectively considered, no positive correlation was found between PCNA scores and histologic grading and only a weak one between PCNA score and mitotic index. A higher correlation was seen between AgNOR counts and tumor grading. Our results suggest that PCNA labeling and histologic grading seem to be independent parameters. The correlations found between AgNOR counts and tumor grading should be substantiated in further series.
|
['Antigens, Nuclear', 'Humans', 'Meningeal Neoplasms', 'Meningioma', 'Mitotic Index', 'Neoplasm Staging', 'Nuclear Proteins', 'Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen']
| 1,363,764
|
[['D12.776.660.625', 'D23.050.290'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.588.614.250.580', 'C10.551.240.500'], ['C04.557.580.520', 'C04.557.645.520', 'C04.588.614.250.580.500', 'C10.551.240.500.500'], ['E01.370.225.500.385.500', 'E05.200.500.385.500', 'E05.242.385.500'], ['E01.789.625'], ['D12.776.660'], ['D12.776.660.740', 'D23.050.290.750', 'D23.101.140.600']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Radiation risk estimation in varicocele embolization.
|
Varicocele embolization is performed in healthy young men with normal life expectancy. Therefore, it is essential that the radiation risks associated with the procedure are minimized. The radiation risks associated with varicocele embolization have been estimated retrospectively from dose-area product records in a series of 41 cases and compared with a prospective series of 10 cases. Lithium fluoride dosemeters were used to measure gonad dose in the prospective series. Estimated lifetime fatal cancer risk was of the order of 0.1% in the retrospective series. A seven-fold reduction in median radiation dose was observed in the prospective series. The results indicate that with meticulous attention to technique, substantial reductions in radiation exposure can be achieved.
|
['Adult', 'Embolization, Therapeutic', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Prospective Studies', 'Radiation Dosage', 'Radiography, Interventional', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Risk', 'Varicocele']
| 10,817,046
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E02.520.360', 'E02.926.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E05.799.513', 'G01.750.740', 'N06.850.810.250'], ['E01.370.350.700.725', 'E04.502.780'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.740.600.800', 'G17.680.750', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800'], ['C12.294.936', 'C14.907.903']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
The temporoparietal fascia flap folded into a ball in the treatment of retroauricular cerebrospinal fluid fistulae after posterior fossa surgery.
|
BACKGROUND: Skull base and posterior fossa surgeries are sometimes complicated by cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) fistulae, which may be challenging to treat. They can lead to meningitis, increasing global morbidity and mortality. In case of failed medical treatment, revision surgery may be required. "Fat packing" (adipose tissue grafts) is usually used to close the communication between the intracranial contents and the cutaneous tissue, and to fill the dead space created by the skull base surgery. Vascularised flaps can also be used. They seem more efficient, especially in multi-operated patients or after radiotherapy, when cutaneous tissue is adhesive and fragile.METHODS: Temporoparietal fascia (TPF) flap is a regional flap; it has reliable blood supply and can cover temporal and retroauricular defects. Folded into a ball, it can fill small dead spaces and can be skin grafted in case of cutaneous defect.RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: We present a simple surgical solution to manage recurrent retroauricular CSF fistulae after posterior fossa surgery using a pedicled TPF flap folded into a ball.
|
['Adult', 'Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak', 'Cranial Fossa, Posterior', 'Fasciotomy', 'Female', 'Fistula', 'Humans', 'Neurosurgical Procedures', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Reconstructive Surgical Procedures', 'Skull Base', 'Surgical Flaps']
| 27,023,065
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['C10.597.114', 'C10.900.300.109', 'C23.888.592.114', 'C26.915.300.225'], ['A01.456.830.200', 'A02.835.232.781.750.400'], ['E04.321'], ['C23.300.575'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E04.525'], ['C23.550.767'], ['E04.680'], ['A01.456.830', 'A02.835.232.781.750'], ['A10.850.710', 'E07.862.710']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Morphologic diversity of cutaneous sensory afferents revealed by genetically directed sparse labeling.
|
The diversity of cutaneous sensory afferents has been studied by many investigators using behavioral, physiologic, molecular, and genetic approaches. Largely missing, thus far, is an analysis of the complete morphologies of individual afferent arbors. Here we present a survey of cutaneous sensory arbor morphologies in hairy skin of the mouse using genetically-directed sparse labeling with a sensory neuron-specific alkaline phosphatase reporter. Quantitative analyses of 719 arbors, among which 77 were fully reconstructed, reveal 10 morphologically distinct types. Among the two types with the largest arbors, one contacts ?200 hair follicles with circumferential endings and a second is characterized by a densely ramifying arbor with one to several thousand branches and a total axon length between one-half and one meter. These observations constrain models of receptive field size and structure among cutaneous sensory neurons, and they raise intriguing questions regarding the cellular and developmental mechanisms responsible for this morphological diversity.DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.00181.001.
|
['Alkaline Phosphatase', 'Animals', 'Animals, Newborn', 'Axons', 'Female', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental', 'Genes, Reporter', 'Integrases', 'Maternal Exposure', 'Mice', 'Pregnancy', 'Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators', 'Sensory Receptor Cells', 'Skin', 'Staining and Labeling', 'Tamoxifen', 'Transcription Factor Brn-3A']
| 23,256,042
|
[['D08.811.277.352.650.035'], ['B01.050'], ['B01.050.050.282'], ['A08.675.542.145', 'A11.284.180.075', 'A11.671.137', 'A11.671.501.145'], ['G05.308.310'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.435'], ['D08.811.739.500'], ['N06.850.460.350.145'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['D06.347.360.827', 'D27.505.696.399.450.360.827'], ['A08.675.650.915', 'A08.800.950', 'A11.671.650.915'], ['A17.815'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.670', 'E01.370.225.750.600.670', 'E05.200.500.620.670', 'E05.200.750.600.670'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.150.700.900'], ['D12.776.260.655.625.124', 'D12.776.930.710.625.500']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Discoloration of manually fabricated resins and industrially fabricated CAD/CAM blocks versus glass-ceramic: effect of storage media, duration, and subsequent polishing.
|
This study determined the discoloration of five CAD/CAM resins, four manually polymerized resins, and glass-ceramic as control group. Specimens were divided into three groups (N=300, n=30) to be stored in coffee, black tea and red wine (n=10). The discoloration was measured using a spectrophotometer after 1, 7, 29, 90, 180 days storage. All tested groups showed color change (ÄE) at all time points. The manually polymerized resin composites GD (Gradia) and CM (CronMix K), and the CAD/CAM resin composite HC (Blanc High-class) showed significantly higher ÄE compared to all other groups in all tested media. The discoloration was extrinsic and decreased after polishing for the majority of the tested materials. Except CAD/CAM resin HC (Blanc High-class), all CAD/CAM resins showed similar color stability compared to the control group.
|
['Coffee', 'Color', 'Composite Resins', 'Dental Polishing', 'Drug Storage', 'Materials Testing', 'Polymerization', 'Polymethyl Methacrylate', 'Spectrophotometry', 'Tea', 'Time Factors', 'Wine']
| 22,673,470
|
[['D20.215.784.249', 'G07.203.100.325', 'J02.200.325'], ['G01.590.540.199'], ['D05.750.716.822.308', 'D25.339.816.500', 'D25.720.716.822.308', 'J01.637.051.339.816.500', 'J01.637.051.720.716.822.308'], ['E06.298'], ['E05.916.350'], ['E05.570'], ['G02.750'], ['D02.241.081.069.800.550.500', 'D05.750.716.822.111.650.605.500', 'D25.720.716.822.111.650.605.500', 'J01.637.051.720.716.822.111.650.605.500'], ['E05.196.712.726', 'E05.196.867.826'], ['D20.215.784.844', 'G07.203.100.831', 'J02.200.831'], ['G01.910.857'], ['G07.203.100.100.900', 'G07.203.200.887', 'J02.200.100.900', 'J02.350.887']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Transforming Growth Factor-â1 gene polymorphism and osteoporosis in postmenopausal egyptian women.
|
Transforming growth factor-â1 (TGF-â1) is a wide spread bone matrix protein that affect the function, formation and cell-cell interactions of osteoclasts and osteoblasts to regulate bone remodeling and sustain adequate bone mass. The aim of this study is to evaluate the role of the two polymorphism of transforming growth factor-â1 T869C and C-509T in developing osteoporosis in postmenopausal Egyptian women. This study was performed on 138 postmenopausal osteoporosis/osteopenic women and 128 postmenopausal female control group. There was a significant statistical difference in the CC, CT and TT (T869C) genotype frequencies between the osteopenia/osteoporosis and control subjects (p value <0.001). There was a non-significant statistical difference in the CC, CT and TT (T-509C) genotype frequencies between the osteopenia/osteoporosis and control subjects (p value <0.082). There was a significant statistical difference between TT,CT and CC of (T869C) and T score, Z score and calcium of osteopenia/osteoporosis group (p value <0.001). There was a non-significant statistical difference between TT, CT and CC of (T-509C) and T score, Z score of osteopenia/osteoporosis group (p value 0.32,0.31),but there was a statistically significant difference between the three genotyping and serum calcium and creatinine (p value 0.04). Multivariate regression analysis showed that T869C polymorphism is a significant risk factor for osteopenia/ osteoporosis (OR 3.57, 95% CI= 1.56-5.67). We concluded that T869C polymorphism of the TGF-â1 gene has an impact on bone mineral density and enhancement of the susceptibility to osteopenia/osteoporosis in Egyptian women.
|
['Aged', 'Bone Density', 'Egypt', 'Female', 'Genetic Predisposition to Disease', 'Genotype', 'Humans', 'Middle Aged', 'Osteoporosis', 'Polymorphism, Genetic', 'Postmenopause', 'Risk Factors', 'Transforming Growth Factor beta1']
| 29,208,173
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['G11.427.100'], ['Z01.058.266.317'], ['C23.550.291.687.500', 'G05.380.355'], ['G05.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C05.116.198.579', 'C18.452.104.579'], ['G05.365.795'], ['G08.686.157.500.625', 'G08.686.841.249.500.625'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['D12.644.276.374.687.100', 'D12.644.276.954.775.100', 'D12.776.467.374.687.100', 'D12.776.467.942.775.100', 'D23.529.374.687.100', 'D23.529.942.775.100']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Bioengineered silver nanoparticles capped with bovine serum albumin and its anticancer and apoptotic activity against breast, bone and intestinal colon cancer cell lines.
|
The aim of the current study was to biosynthesize the silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from the bacterial strain of Bacillus cereus (ATCC 14579) extracellularly. When bacterial extract was challenged with 1 mM silver nitrate (AgNO3) the color of the extract changed into brown confirms the formation of nanoparticles. These nanoparticles were capped with bovine serum albumin (BSA). UV- visible spectroscopy showed the absorption peak at 420 nm indicates the formation of AgNPs. Fourier Infra -red (FTIR) attenuated total reflection (ATR) spectroscopy showed amide and amine group associated with AgNPs that stabilizes the nanoparticles. Energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX) showed a strong peak of silver confirms the presence of silver. Thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) analysis was used to determine the protein degradation showed less protein degradation at higher temperature confirms the stability of nanoparticles. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed the AgNPs are well dispersed and spherical, and 5.37 nm to 17.19 whereas albumin coated nanoparticles are size ranges from 11.26 nm to 23.85 nm. The anticancer effect of capped AgNPs (cAgNPs) showed the IC50 value against breast cancer MCF-7 at 80 ìg/mL, intestinal colon cancer HCT- 116 60 ìg/mL, and bone cancer osteosarcoma MG-63 cell line80 ìg/mL while against normal fibroblast cells 3T3 cells showed the IC50 value at 140 ìg/mL. Lactate dehydrogenase assay (LDH) showed higher toxicity on MCF-7, HCT-116, and MG-63 cells. The apoptotic study clearly showed the blebbing of membrane, chromatin condensation due to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by ethidium bromide and acridine orange dual staining method. The DNA analysis showed the complete fragmentation of the DNA of treated cells when compared with control cells.
|
['3T3 Cells', 'Animals', 'Antineoplastic Agents', 'Apoptosis', 'Bioengineering', 'Bone Neoplasms', 'Breast Neoplasms', 'Cattle', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Colonic Neoplasms', 'DNA', 'Female', 'Metal Nanoparticles', 'Mice', 'Neoplasms', 'Serum Albumin, Bovine', 'Silver', 'Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission', 'Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared', 'Thermogravimetry']
| 31,146,998
|
[['A11.251.210.100', 'A11.329.228.100'], ['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.248'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['J01.293.069'], ['C04.588.149', 'C05.116.231'], ['C04.588.180', 'C17.800.090.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['C04.588.274.476.411.307.180', 'C06.301.371.411.307.180', 'C06.405.249.411.307.180', 'C06.405.469.158.356.180', 'C06.405.469.491.307.180'], ['D13.444.308'], ['J01.637.512.600.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['C04'], ['D12.776.034.841.540', 'D12.776.124.727.875'], ['D01.268.556.812', 'D01.268.956.843', 'D01.552.544.812'], ['E05.196.867.800', 'E05.799.830'], ['E05.196.712.726.676.700', 'E05.196.867.826.676.700'], ['E05.196.904']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Protection of rat cardiac myocytes by fructose-1,6-bisphosphate and 2,3-butanedione.
|
Earlier studies by our group showed that fructose-1,6-bisphosphate (FBP) enhances the hypothermic preservation of rat cardiac myocytes and the functional recovery of animal hearts after hypothermic storage. However, the mechanisms involved were not clear. We extended the cardiomyocyte studies by testing whether the FBP effects were due to chelation of extracellular calcium, leading to lower intracellular levels. We also tested effects of 2,3-butanedione monoxime (BDM), pyruvate, and adenine nucleotide precursors. Cardiomyocytes were incubated in ischemic suspension at 3 °C, and aliquots examined over 48 to 72 hours for retention of rod-shaped morphology, a measure of viability. Cytosolic Ca(2+) levels were measured in some experiments. FBP at 5 mM reduced the death rate even when added after one or two days of incubation. It caused cytosolic calcium levels that were 33% lower than controls in freshly-isolated cells and 70% lower after one day of incubation. EGTA protected against cell death similarly to FBP. These results indicated that one of the mechanisms by which FBP exerts protective effects is through chelation of extracellular calcium. BDM was strongly protective and reduced cytosolic calcium by 30% after one day of incubation. As with FBP, BDM was effective when added after one or two days of incubation. BDM may be useful in combination with FBP in preserving heart tissue. Pyruvate, adenine, and ribose provided little or no protection during hypothermia.
|
['Adenine', 'Animals', 'Calcium', 'Cell Survival', 'Chelating Agents', 'Cytosol', 'Diacetyl', 'Extracellular Fluid', 'Fructose-Bisphosphatase', 'Myocytes, Cardiac', 'Pyruvic Acid', 'Rats', 'Ribose']
| 22,558,110
|
[['D03.633.100.759.138'], ['B01.050'], ['D01.268.552.100', 'D01.552.539.288', 'D23.119.100'], ['G04.346'], ['D27.505.519.914.500', 'D27.720.832.500'], ['A11.284.430.214.200', 'A11.284.430.429.200', 'A11.284.835.450.200'], ['D02.522.296.400'], ['A11.284.295.260', 'A12.207.270'], ['D08.811.277.352.650.200'], ['A07.541.704.570', 'A10.690.552.750.570', 'A11.620.500'], ['D02.241.755.812.800'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['D09.947.875.627.651']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Passive smoking, Cyp1A1 gene polymorphism and dysmenorrhea.
|
OBJECTIVE: This study investigated whether the association between passive smoking exposure and dysmenorrhea is modified by two susceptibility genes, CYP1A1MspI and CYP1A1HincII.METHODS: This report includes 1645 (1124 no dysmenorrhea, 521 dysmenorrhea) nonsmoking and nondrinking newly wed female workers at Anqing, China between June 1997 and June 2000. Multiple logistic regression models were used to estimate the associations of passive smoking exposure and genetic susceptibility with dysmenorrhea, adjusting for perceived stress.RESULTS: When stratified by women genotype, the adjusted OR of dysmenorrhea was 1.6 (95%CI=1.3-2.1) for passive smoking group with Ile/Ile462 genotype, and 1.5 (95%CI=1.1-2.1) with C/C6235 genotype, compared to nonpassive smoking group, respectively. The data further showed that there was a significant combined effect between passive smoking and the CYP1A1 MspI C/C6235 and HincII Ile/Ile462 genotype (OR=2.6, 95%CI=1.3-5.2).CONCLUSION: CYP1A1 MspI and HincII genotypes modified the association between passive smoking and dysmenorrhea.
|
['Adult', 'China', 'Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1', 'Dysmenorrhea', 'Female', 'Genetic Predisposition to Disease', 'Humans', 'Logistic Models', 'Marital Status', 'Odds Ratio', 'Polymorphism, Genetic', 'Prospective Studies', 'Risk Assessment', 'Risk Factors', 'Textile Industry', 'Time Factors', 'Tobacco Smoke Pollution', "Women's Health"]
| 17,566,695
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['Z01.252.474.164'], ['D08.244.453.005.332', 'D08.244.453.100.500', 'D08.811.682.690.708.170.010.277', 'D08.811.682.690.708.170.020.500', 'D12.776.422.220.453.010.332', 'D12.776.422.220.453.100.500'], ['C23.550.568.750', 'C23.888.592.612.944.500'], ['C23.550.291.687.500', 'G05.380.355'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.740.500.525', 'E05.318.740.600.800.450', 'E05.318.740.750.450', 'E05.599.835.875', 'N05.715.360.750.530.480', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.450', 'N05.715.360.750.695.470', 'N06.850.520.830.500.525', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.450', 'N06.850.520.830.750.450'], ['F01.829.263.315.500', 'I01.240.361.500', 'I01.880.853.150.423.500', 'N01.224.361.500', 'N01.824.308.500'], ['E05.318.740.600.600', 'G17.680.500', 'N05.715.360.750.625.590', 'N06.850.520.830.600.600'], ['G05.365.795'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.715', 'N04.452.871.715', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.690', 'N06.850.505.715', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.715'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['J01.576.655.937'], ['G01.910.857'], ['D20.633.937.680', 'N06.850.460.100.555'], ['N01.400.900']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
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| 1
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|
Return of ATP/PCr and EEG after 75 min of global brain ischemia.
|
Acute, progressive global brain ischemia was induced in awake or anesthetized rats for 5-75 min. Ischemia was achieved with a subclavian-carotid artery occlusion technique (SCOT). After thoracotomy, both subclavian arteries (proximal to their vertebral branches) were tied-off and carotid artery catheter-snares installed. Results show progressive morphological, physiological and neurochemical damage when CBF was reduced from preischemic levels of 115 ml to 0 blood flow. 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy of high energy phosphate metabolites in vivo showed loss of PCr and beta-ATP signals after 6 min brain ischemia. Energy metabolite levels, EEG and CBF normalized within hours after reperfusion. Degree of neuropathologic damage to hippocampal region appeared linearly related to the ischemic duration of ischemia. Thus, acute global brain ischemia resulted in loss of high energy phosphate metabolites, EEG and neuronal integrity in the hippocampal subfields. Reperfusion following short (5 min) or long (75 min) periods of global brain ischemia induced return of 31P-spectra, EEG and CBF to normal but was unable to reverse all of the neuronal damage at the end of the 72-h observation period.
|
['Adenosine Triphosphate', 'Animals', 'Brain Ischemia', 'Cerebral Cortex', 'Electroencephalography', 'Hippocampus', 'Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy', 'Male', 'Nervous System', 'Phosphocreatine', 'Phosphorus', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Strains', 'Time Factors']
| 2,054,660
|
[['D03.633.100.759.646.138.236', 'D13.695.667.138.236', 'D13.695.827.068.236'], ['B01.050'], ['C10.228.140.300.150', 'C14.907.253.092'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500'], ['E01.370.376.300', 'E01.370.405.245'], ['A08.186.211.180.405', 'A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.345'], ['E05.196.867.519'], ['A08'], ['D12.125.373.603', 'D12.125.740.675'], ['D01.268.666'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Effects of connective tissue growth factor antisense oligonucleotides on the cultured human keloid fibroblasts in vitro].
|
OBJECTIVE: To explore the effects of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) on the pathogenesis of human keloid.METHODS: CTGF antisense oligonucleotides (ASODN) conjugated with isothiocyanate fluorescence was encapsulated by liposome, and then added into the human keloid fibroblast (HKF) culturing media. The intracellular distribution of CTGF ASODN was observed with fluorescence microscopy in the fixed HKF. The proliferation of HKF was measured by MIT test. The apoptosis of HKF was measured with a flow cytometer. The collagen synthesis of HKF was measured by using H3-proline incorporation method.RESULTS: The CTGF ASODN inhibited the proliferation and collagen synthesis of the HKF, compared with the control, but it increased the apoptosis after the transfection (P < 0.01).CONCLUSION: CTGF ASODN may has anti-fibrotic effects on human keloid in vitro, and the CTGF may play an important role in promoting the fibrosis of human keloid.
|
['Apoptosis', 'Cell Differentiation', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Connective Tissue Growth Factor', 'Fibroblasts', 'Humans', 'Keloid', 'Oligonucleotides, Antisense', 'Transfection']
| 15,835,807
|
[['G04.146.954.035'], ['G04.152'], ['A11.251'], ['D12.644.276.200.100', 'D12.776.467.200.100', 'D12.776.860.300.200.100', 'D23.529.237.100'], ['A11.329.228'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A10.165.450.300.425', 'C17.300.200.425', 'C23.550.355.274.510'], ['D13.150.480', 'D13.444.600.150.640', 'D13.695.578.424.480', 'D27.720.470.530.600.150.640'], ['E05.393.350.810', 'G05.728.860']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Contrary effects of BMP-2 and ATRA on adipogenesis in mouse mesenchymal fibroblasts.
|
This study evaluates the effects of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) and all trans retinoic acid (ATRA) on adipogenesis in primary mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEFs). In BMP-2-treated MEFs, lipid accumulation and substantial induction of the adipocyte specific marker 442-aP2 suggested the conversion of MEFs into adipocytes. Such adipogenesis was found to be mediated through sequential induction of C/EBPá, C/EBPâ, and PPARã. Both the BMP/Smad and BMP/p38 pathways contributed to the adipocyte differentiation. Contrary to the effects of BMP-2, ATRA was demonstrated to inhibit adipocyte differentiation in MEFs. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis revealed that ATRA caused a selective inhibition of both the basal and induction levels of C/EBPá and PPARã, without altering the expression pattern of C/EBPâ. Taken together, these data suggest the roles of BMP-2 and ATRA in adipogenic differentiation of primary MEFs, and the possible molecular mechanism that involves the regulation of C/EBPá, C/EBPâ, and PPARã.
|
['Adipocytes', 'Adipogenesis', 'Animals', 'Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2', 'CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Protein-alpha', 'CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Protein-beta', 'Cell Differentiation', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Fibroblasts', 'Lipid Metabolism', 'Mesoderm', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred BALB C', 'PPAR gamma', 'Tretinoin']
| 19,669,406
|
[['A11.329.114'], ['G04.152.149'], ['B01.050'], ['D12.644.276.954.200.200', 'D12.776.467.942.200.200', 'D23.529.942.200.200'], ['D12.776.260.108.124.500', 'D12.776.660.167.500', 'D12.776.930.127.124.500'], ['D12.776.260.108.124.750', 'D12.776.660.167.750', 'D12.776.930.127.124.750'], ['G04.152'], ['A11.251'], ['A11.329.228'], ['G03.458'], ['A16.504.660'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.338', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.338'], ['D12.776.826.239.588'], ['D02.455.326.271.665.202.495.818.500', 'D02.455.426.392.368.367.379.249.700.860.500', 'D02.455.849.131.495.818.800', 'D02.455.849.291.925.500', 'D23.767.261.700.780']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Three years' experience of sexually transmitted diseases in Seville, Spain.
|
At present there are no reliable statistics on the relative prevalences of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) in Spain. In a report of the first three years' experience in an STD diagnostic centre between 1977 and 1979 a total of 879 patients (534 men adn 345 women) were seen. They mainly consisted of university students and the mean age was 22 years in 1977 and 23 years in the following two years. All the patients were examined for syphilis and all women for gonorrhoea and trichomoniasis. Investigations for Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma urealyticum, Candida albicans, and Herpesvirus hominis infections were carried out according to the presenting symptoms. Non-specific genital infections occurred most commonly (25.7%); chlamydia were isolated from 30% of the patients with non-gonococcal urethritis (NGU). The second commonest infection was candidosis (13.5%). Gonorrhoea, which was found in 10.6% of the patients, was diagnosed more frequently in men (13.5%) than in women (6%). No strains of beta-lactamase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae were detected and all were sensitive to penicillin. Syphilis was diagnosed in 4.4% of patients (2% women and 5% men). Condylomata acuminata were diagnosed in 2.8% of patients and more frequently in men (4%). Herpes genitalis and venereophobia were uncommon (1.9% and 1.2% respectively) and were diagnosed only in men.
|
['Adult', 'Female', 'Gonorrhea', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Sexually Transmitted Diseases', 'Spain', 'Syphilis', 'Urethritis']
| 6,894,560
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['C01.150.252.400.625.275', 'C01.150.252.734.401', 'C01.221.812.281.401', 'C01.778.281.401', 'C12.294.668.281.401', 'C13.351.500.711.281.401'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C01.221.812', 'C01.778', 'C12.294.668', 'C13.351.500.711', 'C23.550.291.531.937'], ['Z01.542.846'], ['C01.150.252.400.794.840.500', 'C01.150.252.400.840.500', 'C01.150.252.734.859', 'C01.221.812.281.859', 'C01.778.281.859', 'C12.294.668.281.859', 'C13.351.500.711.281.859'], ['C12.777.767.851', 'C13.351.968.767.851']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
|
Polymorphisms of Dopamine Receptor Genes and Risk of L-Dopa-Induced Dyskinesia in Parkinson's Disease.
|
L-dopa-induced dyskinesia (LID) is a frequent motor complication of Parkinson's disease (PD), associated with a negative prognosis. Previous studies showed an association between dopamine receptor (DR) gene (DR) variants and LID, the results of which have not been confirmed. The present study is aimed to determine whether genetic differences of DR are associated with LID in a small but well-characterized cohort of PD patients. To this end we enrolled 100 PD subjects, 50 with and 50 without LID, matched for age, gender, disease duration and dopaminergic medication in a case-control study. We conducted polymerase chain reaction for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in both D1-like (DRD1A48G; DRD1C62T and DRD5T798C) and D2-like DR (DRD2G2137A, DRD2C957T, DRD3G25A, DRD3G712C, DRD4C616G and DRD4nR VNTR 48bp) analyzed genomic DNA. Our results showed that PD patients carrying allele A at DRD3G3127A had an increased risk of LID (OR 4.9; 95% CI 1.7-13.9; p = 0.004). The present findings may provide valuable information for personalizing pharmacological therapy in PD patients.
|
['Aged', 'Alleles', 'Animals', 'Disease Progression', 'Dyskinesias', 'Female', 'Genetic Predisposition to Disease', 'Genotype', 'Humans', 'Kaplan-Meier Estimate', 'Levodopa', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Parkinson Disease', 'Polymorphism, Genetic', 'Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide', 'Receptors, Dopamine']
| 28,125,015
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.030'], ['B01.050'], ['C23.550.291.656'], ['C10.228.662.262', 'C10.597.350', 'C23.888.592.350'], ['C23.550.291.687.500', 'G05.380.355'], ['G05.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.740.998.650', 'N05.715.360.750.795.650', 'N06.850.520.830.998.650'], ['D02.092.311.200.480', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.175.200.480', 'D12.125.072.050.685.400.500', 'D12.125.072.050.875.130.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C10.228.140.079.862.500', 'C10.228.662.600.400', 'C10.574.928.750'], ['G05.365.795'], ['G05.365.795.598'], ['D12.776.543.750.670.300.400', 'D12.776.543.750.695.150.400', 'D12.776.543.750.720.330.400']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Multivitamin use and cardiovascular disease in a prospective study of women.
|
BACKGROUND: Although multivitamins are widely used, there are limited prospective studies investigating their association with both long- and short-term risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD).OBJECTIVE: The objective was to investigate how multivitamin use is associated with the long- and short-term risk of CVD.DESIGN: A prospective cohort study was conducted of 37,193 women from the Women's Health Study aged ?45 y and free of CVD and cancer at baseline who were followed for an average of 16.2 y. At baseline, women self-reported a wide range of lifestyle, clinical, and dietary factors. Women were categorized into 1) no current use and 2) current use of multivitamins. Duration and updated measures over the course of the follow-up to address short-term effects were also considered. Women were followed for major CVD events, including myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, and CVD death.RESULTS: During the follow-up, 1493 incident cases of CVD [defined as myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, and CVD death] occurred. In multivariable analyses, multivitamin use compared with no use was not associated with major CVD events (HR: 1.01; 95% CI: 0.89, 1.15), MI (HR: 1.04; 95% CI: 0.84, 1.27), stroke (HR: 0.99; 95% CI: 0.83, 1.18), or CVD death (HR: 1.10; 95% CI: 0.84, 1.45). A nonsignificant inverse association was observed between baseline multivitamin use and major CVD events among women aged ?70 y (P-interaction = 0.04) and those consuming <3 servings/d of fruit and vegetables (P-interaction = 0.01). When updating information on multivitamin use during the course of follow-up, no associations were observed for major CVD events (HR: 0.91; 95% CI: 0.82, 1.02), MI (HR: 0.89; 95% CI: 0.74, 1.06), stroke (HR: 0.91; 95% CI: 0.78, 1.06), and CVD death (HR: 0.91; 95% CI: 0.71, 1.16).CONCLUSIONS: In this study of middle-aged and elderly women, neither baseline nor time-varying multivitamin use was associated with the long-term risk of major CVD events, MI, stroke, cardiac revascularizations, or CVD death. Additional studies are needed to clarify the role of multivitamins on CVD.
|
['Cardiovascular Diseases', 'Cohort Studies', 'Dietary Supplements', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Health Personnel', 'Humans', 'Incidence', 'Middle Aged', 'Myocardial Infarction', 'Proportional Hazards Models', 'Risk Factors', 'Stroke', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'United States', 'Vitamins']
| 25,527,758
|
[['C14'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['G07.203.300.456', 'J02.500.456'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['M01.526.485', 'N02.360'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.375', 'N01.224.935.597.500', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.375', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.375'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C14.280.647.500', 'C14.907.585.500', 'C23.550.513.355.750', 'C23.550.717.489.750'], ['E05.318.740.500.700', 'E05.318.740.600.700', 'E05.318.740.750.725', 'E05.318.740.998.825', 'E05.599.835.900', 'N05.715.360.750.530.650', 'N05.715.360.750.625.650', 'N05.715.360.750.695.650', 'N05.715.360.750.795.825', 'N06.850.520.830.500.700', 'N06.850.520.830.600.700', 'N06.850.520.830.750.725', 'N06.850.520.830.998.912'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['C10.228.140.300.775', 'C14.907.253.855'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['Z01.107.567.875'], ['D27.505.696.494.600', 'G07.203.300.681.500.600', 'J02.500.681.500.600']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Trigeminal transition zone/rostral ventromedial medulla connections and facilitation of orofacial hyperalgesia after masseter inflammation in rats.
|
Recent studies have implicated a role for the trigeminal interpolaris/caudalis (Vi/Vc) transition zone in response to orofacial injury. Using combined neuronal tracing and Fos protein immunocytochemistry, we investigated functional connections between the Vi/Vc transition zone and rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM), a key structure in descending pain modulation. Rats were injected with a retrograde tracer, FluoroGold, into the RVM 7 days before injection of an inflammatory agent, complete Freund's adjuvant, into the masseter muscle and perfused at 2 hours postinflammation. A population of neurons in the ventral Vi/Vc overlapping with caudal ventrolateral medulla, and lamina V of the trigeminal subnucleus caudalis (Vc), exhibited FluoroGold/Fos double staining, suggesting the activation of the trigeminal-RVM pathway after inflammation. No double-labeled neurons were found in the dorsal Vi/Vc and laminae I-IV of Vc. Injection of an anterograde tracer, Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin, into the RVM resulted in labeling profiles overlapped with the region that showed FluoroGold/Fos double labeling, suggesting reciprocal connections between RVM and Vi/Vc. Lesions of Vc with a soma-selective neurotoxin, ibotenic acid, significantly reduced inflammation-induced Fos expression as well as the number of FluoroGold/Fos double-labeled neurons in the ventral Vi/Vc (P<0.05). Compared with control rats, lesions of the RVM (n=6) or Vi/Vc (n=6) with ibotenic acid led to the elimination or attenuation of masseter hyperalgesia/allodynia developed after masseter inflammation (P<0.05-0.01). The present study demonstrates reciprocal connections between the ventral Vi/Vc transition zone and RVM. The Vi/Vc-RVM pathway is activated after orofacial deep tissue injury and plays a critical role in facilitating orofacial hyperalgesia.
|
['Animals', 'Facial Pain', 'Hyperalgesia', 'Inflammation', 'Male', 'Masseter Muscle', 'Neurons', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Trigeminal Nerve', 'Trigeminal Nucleus, Spinal']
| 16,304,628
|
[['B01.050'], ['C23.888.592.612.330'], ['C10.597.751.791.400', 'C23.888.592.763.770.400'], ['C23.550.470'], ['A02.633.567.600.500', 'A14.530.630'], ['A08.675', 'A11.671'], ['D12.776.260.108.765', 'D12.776.624.664.700.179', 'D12.776.660.760', 'D12.776.930.127.765'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900'], ['A08.800.800.120.760'], ['A08.186.211.132.810.428.600.650.750', 'A08.186.211.132.810.591.500.875', 'A08.186.211.132.931.920']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Surgery cancelation on the day of surgery in same-day admission in a Finnish hospital.
|
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Surgery cancelations cause inappropriate use of hospital resources and additional financial and psychological stress to patients. Cancelation rates have been described to be even more than 10% of scheduled cases. Preoperative anesthesia evaluation clinics have been initialized to decrease cancelation rates. At Hyvink?? hospital, 95% of elective surgical patients are admitted on the morning of operation, and only 25% of these patients visit preoperative anesthesia evaluation clinic prior to surgery. Cancelation rate in Finnish hospitals has not been described.MATERIAL AND METHODS: We studied retrospectively 12,205 scheduled elective same-day admission surgical cases at Helsinki and Uusimaa Hospital District, Hyvink?? hospital for a period of 2 years. Obstetric cases, emergency cases, and a few inpatient cases were excluded. A case was considered as canceled if surgery was canceled after the finalization of operation room schedule for the next day. Cancelation rates among different specialties and reasons for cancelation were analyzed.RESULTS: A total of 12,205 surgeries were scheduled during the study period, and 551 (4.5%) of these were canceled. The highest cancelation rate was in hand surgery, with 8.2% of scheduled cases, followed by orthopedic surgery with 5.4%, and pediatric surgery with 5.1% cancelation rate. Endocrinology had no cancelations, and breast, urology, and vein surgery also had less than 2% of canceled cases. Patient-related issues caused 72.4% of cancelations, and operation no longer being necessary caused 26% of all cancelations.CONCLUSIONS: Day of surgery cancelation rate was low in same-day admission, although it varied between specialties. Specialties having explicit surgery indications had fewer cancelations than specialties having surgery indications based on more subjective diagnostic. Process improvements need to be considered continuously to further decrease cancelation rate.
|
['Appointments and Schedules', 'Elective Surgical Procedures', 'Finland', 'Hospitalization', 'Hospitals, District', 'Humans', 'Preoperative Care', 'Process Assessment, Health Care', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Specialties, Surgical']
| 23,963,036
|
[['N04.452.095'], ['E04.249'], ['Z01.542.816.186'], ['E02.760.400', 'N02.421.585.400'], ['N02.278.421.510.140'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.760.795', 'E04.604.750', 'N02.421.585.795'], ['N04.761.559.650', 'N05.715.360.575.625'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['H02.403.810']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Personality dimensions of haemodialysis patients related to initial renal disease.
|
OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to investigate personality dimensions in uraemic patients undergoing haemodialysis (HD. The relationship between the disease that led to renal failure (and the subsequent need for haemodialysis) and the personality of the haemodialysis patients in question were investigated.METHODS: In the present study, which was conducted in three Greek hospitals, 103 patients were analysed and compared to 138 control patients matching the groups according to their age, sex and place of residence. The investigation was conducted using the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ), a reliable method for clinical studies that measures three dimensions of personality: neuroticism, psychoticism and introverted/extroverted.RESULTS: The results from the EPQ were compared to the three disease categories that cause renal failure: glomerulonephritis, polycystic disease, and vascular disease. It was concluded that haemodialysis systematically affected all three scales of personality disorders in the patients. Male patients scored higher in neuroticism, while female patients appeared to score higher in psychoticism. Renal disease, the responsible factor for renal failure and the need for haemodialysis, significantly affected personality disorders.CONCLUSION: The findings show that dialysis modality influences the personalities of patients, and that initial renal disease must be strongly considered in the psychosocial evaluation and care of these patients.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Analysis of Variance', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Female', 'Glomerulonephritis', 'Greece', 'Humans', 'Kidney Failure, Chronic', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Personality', 'Polycystic Kidney Diseases', 'Renal Dialysis', 'Vascular Diseases']
| 12,035,897
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['E05.318.740.150', 'N05.715.360.750.125', 'N06.850.520.830.150'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['C12.777.419.570.363', 'C13.351.968.419.570.363'], ['Z01.542.383'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C12.777.419.780.750.500', 'C13.351.968.419.780.750.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['F01.752'], ['C12.777.419.403.875', 'C13.351.968.419.403.875', 'C16.131.077.717', 'C16.320.184.625'], ['E02.870.300', 'E02.912.800'], ['C14.907']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Application of umbilical cord serum eyedrops after laser epithelial keratomileusis.
|
PURPOSE: To investigate the efficacy of umbilical cord serum eyedrops after laser epithelial keratomileusis (LASEK).METHODS: Sixty patients (120 eyes) with myopia who underwent LASEK were studied. Thirty-two patients (64 eyes) were treated with 20% umbilical cord serum eyedrops in combination with conventional treatment (group A), and 28 patients (56 eyes) received conventional treatment only (group B). Epithelial healing time was analysed. Visual acuity, refraction, haze score (0-4) and tear film and ocular surface parameters were evaluated at 1, 2, 4 and 12 weeks after LASEK. The concentration of transforming growth factor (TGF)-â1 in tears was measured with ELISA at 1 week after LASEK.RESULTS: No significant differences in visual acuity and refraction were found between groups. The mean time to epithelial healing was 3.53 ± 1.19 days in group A and 3.91 ± 1.41 days in group B (p = 0.18). The mean haze scores at 2 and 4 weeks were 0.59 ± 0.80 and 0.31 ± 0.54 in group A and 1.06 ± 0.91 (p = 0.02) and 0.69 ± 0.78 (p = 0.03) in group B. Four and 12 weeks after LASEK, tear film break-up time was longer and keratoepitheliopathy score was lower in group A compared with group B. The mean concentration of TGF-â1 was lower in group A compared with group B (p = 0.01).CONCLUSION: Application of 20% umbilical cord serum eyedrops in addition to conventional treatment after LASEK can reduce early postoperative corneal haze and improve tear film and ocular surface parameters.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Corneal Opacity', 'Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay', 'Eye Proteins', 'Female', 'Fetal Blood', 'Humans', 'Keratectomy, Subepithelial, Laser-Assisted', 'Male', 'Myopia', 'Ophthalmic Solutions', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Refraction, Ocular', 'Tears', 'Transforming Growth Factor beta1', 'Visual Acuity', 'Wound Healing', 'Young Adult']
| 22,994,307
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['C11.204.299'], ['E05.478.566.350.170', 'E05.478.566.380.360', 'E05.478.583.400.170', 'E05.601.470.350.170', 'E05.601.470.380.360'], ['D12.776.306'], ['A12.207.152.200', 'A15.145.300', 'A16.378.200'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.594.480.500', 'E04.014.520.480.500', 'E04.378.500.500', 'E04.540.825.437.249'], ['C11.744.636'], ['D26.776.708.645', 'D27.505.954.578.645', 'D27.720.752.608'], ['C23.550.767'], ['E01.370.380.850.700', 'G01.590.775', 'G14.760'], ['A12.200.882'], ['D12.644.276.374.687.100', 'D12.644.276.954.775.100', 'D12.776.467.374.687.100', 'D12.776.467.942.775.100', 'D23.529.374.687.100', 'D23.529.942.775.100'], ['E01.370.380.850.950', 'F02.463.593.932.901', 'G14.940'], ['G16.762.891'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Comparative Study of EPA-enriched Phosphatidylcholine and EPA-enriched Phosphatidylserine on Lipid Metabolism in Mice.
|
Recent studies have shown that EPA enriched PLs have beneficial effects on lipid metabolism. Our previous study has demonstrated that the anti-obesity and hypolipidemic effects of EPA-PL were superior to DHA-PL. In the present study, we comparatively evaluated the effects of EPA-enriched phosphatidylcholine (EPA-PC) and EPA-enriched phosphatidylserine (EPA-PS) on lipid metabolism in mice. Both 2% dietary EPA-PC and EPA-PS significantly improved serum and hepatic lipid levels in mice. The HDL-c level in mice on EPA-PC diet was significantly higher than the other two groups. The level of DHA in hepatic TG and PL were significantly increased in both EPA-PC and EPA-PS fed groups (98.3 and 117.8%, respectively; p < 0.05). Notably, the proportion of DHA in EPA-PS group was significantly higher than the EPA-PC group. EPA-PC and EPA-PS suppressed hepatic SREBP-1c mediated lipogenesis and activated PPARá mediated fatty acid â-oxidation in the liver. These data are the first to indicate that EPA-PS has beneficial effects on lipid metabolism.
|
['Animals', 'Eicosapentaenoic Acid', 'Lipid Metabolism', 'Lipids', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred Strains', 'Phosphatidylcholines', 'Phosphatidylserines']
| 27,321,119
|
[['B01.050'], ['D10.212.302.380.410.385', 'D10.251.355.255.200', 'D10.251.355.337.290', 'D10.627.430.450.390'], ['G03.458'], ['D10'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400'], ['D10.570.755.375.760.400.800'], ['D10.570.755.375.760.400.971']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Systematic review of structural and functional brain alterations in psychosis of epilepsy.
|
This systematic review critically assesses structural and functional neuroimaging studies of psychosis of epilepsy (POE). We integrate findings from 18 studies of adults with POE to examine the prevailing view that there is a specific relationship between temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and POE, and that mesial temporal lobe pathology is a biomarker for POE. Our results show: (1) conflicting evidence of volumetric change in the hippocampus and amygdala; (2) distributed structural pathology beyond the mesial temporal lobe; and (3) changes in frontotemporal functional network activation. These results provide strong evidence for a revised conceptualisation of POE as disorder of brain networks, and highlight that abnormalities in mesial temporal structures alone are unlikely to account for its neuropathogenesis. Understanding POE as a disease of brain networks has important implications for neuroimaging research and clinical practice. Specifically, we suggest that future neuroimaging studies of POE target structural and functional networks, and that practitioners are vigilant for psychotic symptoms in all epilepsies, not just TLE.
|
['Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe', 'Humans', 'Psychotic Disorders']
| 29,275,328
|
[['C10.228.140.490.360.290', 'C10.228.140.490.493.375'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F03.700.675']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Hazards of Stroke in Renal Transplant Recipients and Patients With End-Stage Renal Disease.
|
BACKGROUND: Several comparison studies have suggested that kidney transplant (KT) could reduce stroke risk in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). To avoid the selection criteria bias of using dialysis patients as control groups, we compared the risk of stroke between KT recipients and comparable propensity score-matched dialysis patients.METHODS: We used Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database to identify patients with newly diagnosed ESRD between 2000 and 2009. We separated them into 2 groups: a KT group and a non-KT dialysis-only group. To evaluate the stroke outcome, we compared each patient with KT to a patient on dialysis without KT using propensity score matching.RESULTS: In total, 2735 KT recipients and 10,940 propensity score-matched dialysis patients were identified. The incidence rates of overall stroke were 9.1 and 23.4 per 1000 person-years in KT recipients and non-KT dialysis patients. Compared with the propensity score-matched dialysis patients, the patients who received KT exhibited significantly lower overall stroke risk, hemorrhagic stroke, and ischemic stroke, the adjusted hazard ratios were 0.37 (95% CI, 0.31-0.45), 0.19 (95% CI, 0.12-0.29), and 0.46 (95% CI, 0.37-0.56), respectively (all P < .001).CONCLUSIONS: Through a propensity score-matched cohort, this study confirms that KT is associated with a reduced risk of stroke more than dialysis alone in patients with newly diagnosed ESRD.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Cohort Studies', 'Databases, Factual', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Kidney Failure, Chronic', 'Kidney Transplantation', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Propensity Score', 'Proportional Hazards Models', 'Renal Dialysis', 'Stroke', 'Taiwan', 'Transplant Recipients']
| 31,076,151
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['L01.313.500.750.300.188.400', 'L01.470.750.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C12.777.419.780.750.500', 'C13.351.968.419.780.750.500'], ['E02.870.500', 'E04.936.450.485', 'E04.950.774.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.740.600.675', 'N05.715.360.750.625.620', 'N06.850.520.830.600.650'], ['E05.318.740.500.700', 'E05.318.740.600.700', 'E05.318.740.750.725', 'E05.318.740.998.825', 'E05.599.835.900', 'N05.715.360.750.530.650', 'N05.715.360.750.625.650', 'N05.715.360.750.695.650', 'N05.715.360.750.795.825', 'N06.850.520.830.500.700', 'N06.850.520.830.600.700', 'N06.850.520.830.750.725', 'N06.850.520.830.998.912'], ['E02.870.300', 'E02.912.800'], ['C10.228.140.300.775', 'C14.907.253.855'], ['Z01.252.474.872', 'Z01.639.850'], ['M01.925']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Autoimmune myocarditis: concepts and questions.
|
There has been a resurgence of interest in immunologically-mediated heart disease, culminating in a recent meeting. This interest was sparked off by new experimental models of autoimmune myocarditis that have served two useful functions: first, as good models of human myocarditis and second, as paradigms of infection-induced autoimmune disease.
|
['Animals', 'Autoimmune Diseases', 'Coxsackievirus Infections', 'Enterovirus B, Human', 'Humans', 'Mice', 'Myocarditis']
| 1,680,335
|
[['B01.050'], ['C20.111'], ['C01.925.782.687.359.213'], ['B04.820.578.750.284.182'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['C14.280.238.625']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Implication of Ccr4-Not complex function in mRNA quality control in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
|
Production of messenger ribonucleoprotein particles (mRNPs) is subjected to quality control (QC). In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the RNA exosome and its cofactors are part of the nuclear QC machinery that removes, or stalls, aberrant molecules, thereby ensuring that only correctly formed mRNPs are exported to the cytoplasm. The Ccr4-Not complex, which constitutes the major S. cerevisiae cytoplasmic deadenylase, has recently been implied in nuclear exosome-related processes. Consistent with a possible nuclear function of the complex, the deletion or mutation of Ccr4-Not factors also elicits transcription phenotypes. Here we use genetic depletion of the Mft1p protein of the THO transcription/mRNP packaging complex as a model system to link the Ccr4-Not complex to nuclear mRNP QC. We reveal strong genetic interactions between alleles of the Ccr4-Not complex with both the exosomal RRP6 and MFT1 genes. Moreover, Rrp6p-dependent in vivo QC phenotypes of Ämft1 cells can be rescued by codeletion of several Ccr4-Not components. We discuss how the Ccr4-Not complex may connect with the mRNP QC pathway.
|
['Cell Cycle Proteins', 'Exoribonucleases', 'Exosome Multienzyme Ribonuclease Complex', 'Genes, Fungal', 'Heat-Shock Proteins', 'Protein Binding', 'Protein Subunits', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Repressor Proteins', 'Ribonucleases', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins', 'Transcription, Genetic', 'Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases']
| 21,862,638
|
[['D12.776.167'], ['D08.811.277.352.365.300', 'D08.811.277.352.700.375'], ['D05.500.562.405', 'D08.811.277.352.700.687', 'D08.811.600.283'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.364.500', 'G05.360.340.358.024.500', 'G05.360.340.358.365.500'], ['D12.776.580.216'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808'], ['D12.776.813'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['D12.776.260.703', 'D12.776.930.780'], ['D08.811.277.352.700'], ['B01.300.107.795.785.800', 'B01.300.930.705.655'], ['D12.776.354.750'], ['G02.111.873', 'G05.297.700'], ['D08.811.464.938.750']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Relationship between effects of added albumin, initial free thyroxine value and endogenous serum-binding protein concentrations on Amerlex free thyroxine estimations.
|
We studied the effect of adding purified human albumin to sera on free thyroxine (FT4) values obtained with Amerlex radioimmunoassays. Apparent FT4 values increased with progressive addition of albumin in vitro. The effect was smallest with low and greatest with high initial FT4 concentrations, which were also linearly correlated with the incremental increase in FT4 values per g/l albumin added. Wide variations in either endogenous thyroxine binding globulin (TBG) or albumin concentrations in patient serum had little effect on the rate of increase in FT4 values when albumin was added in vitro. From Mass Action theory, calculations of the binding affinity of the endogenous albumin for the analog (2.1 X 10(5) l/mol) gave values nearly half that of the added albumin (3.94 X 10(5) l/mol). Distortions in Amerlex FT4 values caused by adding albumin in vitro may exaggerate its importance as a tracer binder and such results may be unrepresentative of patient samples.
|
['Albumins', 'Blood Proteins', 'Humans', 'Protein Binding', 'Radioimmunoassay', 'Reagent Kits, Diagnostic', 'Thyroid Function Tests', 'Thyroxine']
| 3,665,088
|
[['D12.776.034'], ['D12.776.124'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808'], ['E01.370.384.700', 'E05.478.566.639', 'E05.601.470.639'], ['D27.505.259.875', 'D27.720.470.410.680', 'E07.720'], ['E01.370.374.750'], ['D06.472.931.812', 'D12.125.072.050.767']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of some novel 2-(p-substituted-phenyl)-5-substituted-carbonylaminobenzoxazoles.
|
A series of 2-(p-substituted-phenyl)-5-substituted-carbonylamino benzoxazole derivatives (5-22) was synthesized and their antimicrobial activities determined in comparison to several control drugs. The synthesized compounds were tested in vitro against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus faecalis and Bacillus subtilis as Gram-positive, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli as Gram-negative bacteria and the yeast Candida albicans. Microbiological results showed that the compounds possessed a diffuse spectrum of antibacterial activity against these microorganisms. Compound 9 which bears a phenylacetamido moiety at position 5 and a 4-fluorophenyl group at the 2-position of benzoxazole ring was the most active derivative against S. aureus, S. faecalis and P. aeruginosa with a MIC value of 12.5 microg/ml. Compound 11 provided higher potency than the other tested compounds against B. subtilis at a MIC value of 12.5 microg/ml. Compounds 5-22 showed antifungal activity against C. albicans with MIC values between 50 and 12.5 microg/ml.
|
['Anti-Bacterial Agents', 'Anti-Infective Agents', 'Benzoxazoles', 'Candida albicans', 'Gram-Negative Bacteria', 'Gram-Positive Bacteria', 'Hydrocarbons, Halogenated', 'Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy', 'Microbial Sensitivity Tests', 'Spectrophotometry, Infrared']
| 11,989,794
|
[['D27.505.954.122.085'], ['D27.505.954.122'], ['D03.633.100.221'], ['B01.300.107.795.095.326', 'B01.300.381.147.326', 'B01.300.930.176.326'], ['B03.440'], ['B03.510'], ['D02.455.526'], ['E05.196.867.519'], ['E01.370.225.875.595', 'E05.200.875.595', 'E05.337.550.400'], ['E05.196.712.726.676', 'E05.196.867.826.676']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Disinfection of the inspired and expired air during artificial respiration with humified gases].
|
The water in the nebulizer of respirators is a potential source of infection for patients receiving artificial respiration. Interposition of a special equipment that will produce ozone-free ultraviolet radiation will prevent infection of the patient by the inspired humidified air, even if the bacterial count in the nebulizer fluid is very high. Interposition of the same equipment on the expiratory side is also recommended to minimize the risk of infection of the environment by bacteria in the expired air.
|
['Air Microbiology', 'Cross Infection', 'Disinfection', 'Humans', 'Humidity', 'Klebsiella', 'Pseudomonas', 'Respiration, Artificial', 'Serratia marcescens', 'Sterilization', 'Ultraviolet Rays', 'Ventilators, Mechanical']
| 790,371
|
[['H01.158.273.540.274.110', 'N06.850.425.110'], ['C01.248', 'C23.550.291.875.500'], ['N06.850.780.200.450.850.375'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G16.500.275.063.725.310', 'G16.500.750.775.310', 'N06.230.150.372', 'N06.230.300.100.725.310'], ['B03.440.450.425.425', 'B03.660.250.150.400'], ['B03.440.400.425.625.625', 'B03.660.250.580.590'], ['E02.041.625', 'E02.365.647.729', 'E02.880.820'], ['B03.440.450.425.814.664', 'B03.660.250.150.720.500'], ['N06.850.780.200.450.850'], ['G01.358.500.505.650.891', 'G01.590.540.891', 'G01.750.250.650.891', 'G01.750.750.659', 'G01.750.770.578.891', 'G16.500.275.063.725.525.600', 'G16.500.750.775.525.600', 'N06.230.300.100.725.525.600'], ['E07.950']]
|
['Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Gliclazide monotherapy increases risks of all-cause mortality and has similar risk of acute myocardial infarction and stroke with glimepiride monotherapy in Korean type 2 diabetes mellitus.
|
Sulphonylureas (SUs) subclasses have different risks of all-cause mortality, acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and stroke. Therefore, we assessed these risks in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus administered gliclazide, glimepiride, or metformin monotherapy with retrospective cohort study design. Total 195,235 subjects were included in the study who were ?20 years' old and prescribed monotherapy for at least 1 year as a first-line therapy for incident diabetes from January 01, 2009 to December 31, 2013 in the National Health Insurance Service Claim data. Incidence and hazard ratios (HRs) of all-cause mortality, AMI, and stroke were compared with glimepiride monotherapy as a reference. Gliclazide monotherapy increased all-cause mortality compared with glimepiride monotherapy. However, the gliclazide and glimepiride groups showed no difference in AMI and stroke incidences. In line with previous studies, metformin monotherapy showed significant clinical benefits in reducing risks of all-cause mortality, AMI, and stroke compared with glimepiride. This population-based cohort study suggested that gliclazide increases risks of all-cause mortality and has similar risk of AMI and stroke with gliclazide monotherapy in Korean.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Asian Continental Ancestry Group', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2', 'Female', 'Gliclazide', 'Humans', 'Hypoglycemic Agents', 'Incidence', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Myocardial Infarction', 'Republic of Korea', 'Risk Factors', 'Stroke', 'Sulfonylurea Compounds']
| 32,702,900
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.686.508.200'], ['C18.452.394.750.149', 'C19.246.300'], ['D02.065.950.828.475', 'D02.886.590.795.475'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D27.505.696.422'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.375', 'N01.224.935.597.500', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.375', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.375'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C14.280.647.500', 'C14.907.585.500', 'C23.550.513.355.750', 'C23.550.717.489.750'], ['Z01.252.474.557.750'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['C10.228.140.300.775', 'C14.907.253.855'], ['D02.065.950.828', 'D02.886.590.795']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Patients with endoscopic gastritis and/or duodenitis improve markedly following eradication of Helicobacter pylori, although less so than patients with ulcers.
|
BACKGROUND: It is well documented that dyspepsia in patients with peptic ulcer disease (PUD) improves markedly after eradication of Helicobacter pylori, while rarely does it improve in patients with functional dyspepsia. There is a large group of H. pylori-infected patients who do not qualify for either diagnosis, but in whom eradication may be considered. The aim of this study was to compare symptom severity, change in gastrointestinal symptoms 1 year after eradication and satisfaction with therapy between PUD patients and patients with endoscopic diagnoses of gastritis and/or duodenitis (G/D patients).METHODS: The patients were randomized to one of four triple regimens containing ranitidine bismuth and metronidazole, and either oxytetracycline or spiramycine. Eradication was assessed with the 14C-urea breath test. GI symptoms were evaluated using the Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS) and the Ulcer Esophagitis Subjective Symptoms Scale (UESS) questionnaires.RESULTS: One-hundred-and-eighty-three patients were recruited from GI outpatient clinics. Patients with PUD and G/D had similar severity of symptoms before eradication therapy. One year after H. pylori eradication, 99% of the PUD patients and 75% of the G/D patients felt better regarding their main upper GI complaint. Abdominal pain score decreased by 48% as measured by GSRS and by 78% as measured by UESS in the PUD group and by 25% and 47%, respectively, in the G/D group. Reflux symptoms decreased by 41% and 63% in PUD patients and by 28% and 45% in G/D patients; indigestion by 30% and 47% in PUD and by 20% and 34% in G/D; eating discomfort by 60% in PUD and by 35% in G/D. Sleep quality score improved by 68% in PUD and by 41% in NU patients. Constipation decreased by 22% in the PUD group. All these differences in symptoms were highly significant compared to baseline. Diarrhoea was unchanged.CONCLUSIONS: Abdominal pain, reflux symptoms, indigestion and the ability to eat and sleep improved in both PUD and G/D patients 1 year after H. pylori eradication. Chronic diarrhoea was not induced. Abdominal pain improved significantly more in PUD than in G/D patients. Further study of the effect of H.pylori eradication in G/D patients is warranted.
|
['Anti-Bacterial Agents', 'Anti-Ulcer Agents', 'Bismuth', 'Drug Therapy, Combination', 'Duodenitis', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Gastritis', 'Helicobacter Infections', 'Helicobacter pylori', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Metronidazole', 'Middle Aged', 'Oxytetracycline', 'Peptic Ulcer', 'Ranitidine', 'Spiramycin', 'Time Factors']
| 12,523,587
|
[['D27.505.954.122.085'], ['D27.505.954.483.203'], ['D01.268.271.245', 'D01.268.556.100', 'D01.496.749.305.245', 'D01.552.544.100'], ['E02.319.310'], ['C06.405.205.462.249', 'C06.405.469.275.600', 'C06.405.469.326.750'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['C06.405.205.697', 'C06.405.748.398'], ['C01.150.252.400.466'], ['B03.440.500.550', 'B03.660.150.235.500.250.550'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D02.640.672.500', 'D03.383.129.308.658.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.562.900.600', 'D04.615.562.900.600'], ['C06.405.469.275.800', 'C06.405.748.586'], ['D03.383.312.750'], ['D02.540.576.500.999.725'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
In-vitro and in-vivo analysis of the production of the Bordetella type three secretion system effector A in Bordetella pertussis, Bordetella parapertussis and Bordetella bronchiseptica.
|
Bordetella pertussis, Bordetella parapertussis, and Bordetella bronchiseptica are three closely related pathogens. They all possess the gene coding for the Bordetella type three secretion system effector A (bteA) toxin that became a focus of interest since it was demonstrated that B. pertussis Japanese non-vaccine-type isolates produce BteA unlike vaccine-type isolates. We thus explored the in-vitro production of BteA in B. pertussis isolates collected in France during periods of different vaccine policy as well as in B. parapertussis and B. bronchiseptica isolates. We also analyzed the in-vivo induction of anti-BteA antibodies after infection with different isolates of the three species. We produced a recombinant His6-tagged BteA (rBteA) protein. Specific rBteA polyclonal serum was prepared which enabled us to screen Bordetella isolates for in-vitro BteA production: 99.0% (293/296) of tested B. pertussis isolates, including French vaccine strains, and 97.5% (79/81) of B. bronchiseptica isolates produced BteA in-vitro but only the latter was capable of inducing an in-vivo immune response. No in-vitro or in-vivo production of BteA was detected by any of the B. parapertussis isolates tested.
|
['Animals', 'Bacterial Toxins', 'Bordetella Infections', 'Bordetella bronchiseptica', 'Bordetella parapertussis', 'Bordetella pertussis', 'DNA, Bacterial', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Female', 'France', 'Humans', 'Mice', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Sequence Analysis, DNA', 'Virulence Factors']
| 23,470,234
|
[['B01.050'], ['D23.946.123'], ['C01.150.252.400.143'], ['B03.440.400.425.115.425.050', 'B03.660.075.090.344.425.050'], ['B03.440.400.425.115.425.590', 'B03.660.075.090.344.425.590'], ['B03.440.400.425.115.425.600', 'B03.660.075.090.344.425.600'], ['D13.444.308.212'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['Z01.542.286'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['E05.393.760.700'], ['D23.946.896']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
|
ESMO European Consortium Study on the availability, out-of-pocket costs and accessibility of antineoplastic medicines in Europe.
|
BACKGROUND: The management of cancer is predicated on the availability and affordability of anticancer therapies, which may be either curative or noncurative.AIM: The primary aims of the study were to evaluate (i) the formulary availability of licensed antineoplastic medicines across Europe; (ii) patient out-of-pocket costs for the medications and (iii) the actual availability of the medication for a patient with a valid prescription.MATERIALS AND METHODS: The survey tool was based on the previous ESMO studies that addressed the availability and accessibility of opioids for the management of cancer pain. A total of 185 field reporters from 49 countries were invited to participate. The preliminary set of data was posted on the ESMO website for open peer-review, and amendments have been incorporated into the final report.RESULTS: There are substantial differences in the formulary availability, out-of-pocket costs and actual availability for many anticancer medicines. The most profound lack of availability is in countries with lower levels of economic development, particularly in Eastern Europe, and these are largely related to the cost of targeted agents approved in the last 10 years. Discrepancies are less profound among medications on the WHO model essential medicines list (EML) for cancer and in curative settings. However, medicine shortages also affect WHO EML medicines, with relevant therapeutic implications for many patients.CONCLUSIONS: The cost and affordability of anticancer treatments with recent market approval is the major factor contributing to inequity of access to anticancer medications. This is especially true with regards to new medications used in the management of EGFR- or ALK-mutated non-small-cell lung cancer, metastatic melanoma, metastatic renal cell cancer, RAS/RAF wild-type metastatic colorectal cancer, HER2 overexpressed breast cancer and castration-resistant metastatic prostate cancer.
|
['Antineoplastic Agents', 'Breast Neoplasms', 'Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung', 'Carcinoma, Renal Cell', 'Colorectal Neoplasms', 'Europe', 'Female', 'Health Expenditures', 'Health Services Accessibility', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Melanoma', 'Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant']
| 27,457,309
|
[['D27.505.954.248'], ['C04.588.180', 'C17.800.090.500'], ['C04.588.894.797.520.109.220.249', 'C08.381.540.140.500', 'C08.785.520.100.220.500'], ['C04.557.470.200.025.390', 'C04.588.945.947.535.160', 'C12.758.820.750.160', 'C12.777.419.473.160', 'C13.351.937.820.535.160', 'C13.351.968.419.473.160'], ['C04.588.274.476.411.307', 'C06.301.371.411.307', 'C06.405.249.411.307', 'C06.405.469.158.356', 'C06.405.469.491.307', 'C06.405.469.860.180'], ['Z01.542'], ['N03.219.151.450', 'N05.300.385'], ['N04.590.374.350', 'N05.300.430'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.557.465.625.650.510', 'C04.557.580.625.650.510', 'C04.557.665.510'], ['C04.588.945.440.770.500', 'C12.294.260.750.500', 'C12.294.565.625.500', 'C12.758.409.750.500']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Milk consumption by black and by white pupils in two primary schools.
|
It is heartening to note that relatively well nourished black children in the United States, a number of whom are, in all probability, lactose intolerant and most of whom are destined to become lactose intolerant adults, are able to consume nutritionally valuable quantities of milk with meals and, on the whole, do not report suffering from any abdominal pain or discomfort. It is also encouraging that this population of over two hundred primary school children consumed, on the average, 75 per cent of the 1/2 pt. milk served with lunch, reported drinking an average of three glasses of milk daily, and the vast majority reported liking milk and a number of other dairy products which are important nutrient sources in their diets.
|
['Adolescent', 'African Continental Ancestry Group', 'Animals', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'European Continental Ancestry Group', 'Female', 'Food Services', 'Humans', 'Lactose Intolerance', 'Male', 'Milk', 'New York', 'Nutritional Physiological Phenomena', 'Schools', 'Sex Factors', 'Socioeconomic Factors']
| 577,929
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.686.508.100'], ['B01.050'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['M01.686.508.400'], ['J01.576.423.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C06.405.469.637.506', 'C16.320.565.202.589', 'C18.452.603.506', 'C18.452.648.202.589'], ['A12.200.455', 'A12.790', 'G07.203.100.700', 'G07.203.300.350.525', 'J02.200.700', 'J02.500.350.525'], ['Z01.107.567.875.075.437', 'Z01.107.567.875.350.530', 'Z01.107.567.875.500.530'], ['G07.203.650'], ['I02.783', 'J03.832'], ['N05.715.350.675', 'N06.850.490.875'], ['I01.880.853.996', 'N01.824']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Limited value for urinary 5-HIAA excretion as prognostic marker in gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumours.
|
OBJECTIVE: To determine if urinary 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) excretion is of prognostic value for overall survival (OS) in patients with a gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumour (NET) and to compare the prognostic value with patient characteristics, ENETS/WHO grading, ENETS TNM staging and biomarkers.DESIGN AND METHODS: Data was collected from patients with a gastrointestinal NET or a NET with gastrointestinal metastases and available 5-HIAA excretion in 24-h urine samples. Laboratory results were stratified for urinary 5-HIAA and chromogranin A (CgA): <2? upper limit of normal (ULN), 2-10? ULN, or >10? ULN. For neuron-specific enolase (NSE), this was the reference range or >1? ULN. OS was compared using Kaplan-Meier and log-rank tests, and hazard ratios were calculated using Cox regression for univariate and multivariate analyses.RESULTS: A total of 371 patients were included, 46.6% female with a mean age of 59.9 years. OS was shortest in patients with urinary 5-HIAA excretion >10? ULN vs reference range (median 83 months vs 141 months, P = 0.002). In univariate analysis, urinary 5-HIAA excretion >10? ULN was a negative predictor (HR 1.62, 95% CI: 1.09-2.39). However, in multivariate analysis, only age (HR 1.04, 95% CI: 1.01-1.08), grade 3 disease (HR 5.09, 95% CI: 2.20-11.79), NSE >1? ULN (HR 2.36, 95% CI: 1.34-4.14) and CgA >10? ULN (HR 3.61, 95% CI: 1.56-8.34) remained as the predictors.CONCLUSION: Urinary 5-HIAA excretion >10? ULN is a negative predictor for OS. However, when added to other biomarkers and grading, it is no longer a predictor for OS. Therefore, it should only be determined to assess carcinoid syndrome and not for prognostic value.
|
['Aged', 'Biomarkers, Tumor', 'Female', 'Gastrointestinal Neoplasms', 'Humans', 'Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasm Staging', 'Neuroendocrine Tumors', 'Prognosis']
| 27,491,374
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['D23.101.140'], ['C04.588.274.476', 'C06.301.371', 'C06.405.249'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D03.066.288.478', 'D03.633.100.473.404.478'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.789.625'], ['C04.557.465.625.650', 'C04.557.580.625.650'], ['E01.789']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Benzodiazepine withdrawal-induced glutamatergic plasticity involves up-regulation of GluR1-containing alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid receptors in Hippocampal CA1 neurons.
|
Modification of glutamatergic synaptic function, a mechanism central to neuronal plasticity, may also mediate long-term drug effects, including dependence and addiction. Benzodiazepine withdrawal results in increased glutamatergic strength, but whether alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid (AMPA) receptors (AMPARs) are functionally and structurally remodeled during benzodiazepine withdrawal is uncertain. Whole-cell recordings of rat hippocampal CA1 neurons, either acutely dissociated or in hippocampal slices, revealed that AMPAR function was enhanced up to 50% during flurazepam (FZP) withdrawal, without changes in whole-cell channel kinetic properties. Agonist-elicited AMPA currents showed a negative shift in rectification in the presence of spermine, suggesting augmented membrane incorporation of glutamate receptor (GluR) 2-lacking AMPARs. As GluR1-containing AMPARs are critical for activity-dependent alterations in excitatory strength, we sought to determine whether changes in GluR1 subunit distribution in CA1 neurons occurred during benzodiazepine withdrawal. Confocal image analysis revealed that FZP withdrawal promoted GluR1 subunit incorporation into somatic and proximal dendritic membranes of CA1 neurons without GluR2 subunit alterations. Findings of immunoblot studies were consistent with immunofluorescent studies indicating increased GluR1, but not GluR2, subunit protein levels in cytosolic, crude membrane and postsynaptic density-enriched fractions from CA1 minislices. As with long-term potentiation (LTP), the FZP-withdrawal-induced GluR1 incorporation into CA1 neuron membranes may require the GluR1-trafficking protein, synapse-associated protein 97, which was also elevated in membrane-associated fractions. Together, our findings provide evidence that during FZP withdrawal, increased membrane incorporation of GluR1-containing AMPARs and associated up-regulation of AMPAR functions in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons share fundamental similarities with the mechanisms underlying LTP. This implies that glutamatergic neuronal remodeling observed in LTP also subserves physiological adaptations to drug withdrawal.
|
['Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing', 'Animals', 'Benzodiazepines', 'Cell Membrane', 'Cytoplasm', 'Flurazepam', 'Glutamic Acid', 'Hippocampus', 'Kainic Acid', 'Male', 'Membrane Potentials', 'Membrane Proteins', 'Neuronal Plasticity', 'Patch-Clamp Techniques', 'Protein Transport', 'Pyramidal Cells', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Receptors, AMPA', 'Spermine', 'Substance Withdrawal Syndrome', 'Synapses', 'Up-Regulation']
| 17,510,319
|
[['D12.644.360.024', 'D12.776.157.057', 'D12.776.476.024'], ['B01.050'], ['D03.633.100.079.080'], ['A11.284.149'], ['A11.284.430.214'], ['D03.633.100.079.080.070.348'], ['D12.125.067.625.349', 'D12.125.119.409.349', 'D12.125.427.300'], ['A08.186.211.180.405', 'A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.345'], ['D03.383.773.400'], ['G01.154.535', 'G04.580', 'G07.265.675', 'G11.561.570'], ['D12.776.543'], ['G11.561.638'], ['E05.200.500.905', 'E05.242.800'], ['G03.143.700'], ['A08.675.790', 'A11.671.790'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['D12.776.157.530.400.400.500.100', 'D12.776.543.550.450.500.200.100', 'D12.776.543.585.400.500.200.100', 'D12.776.543.750.720.200.450.400.100'], ['D02.092.211.415.701.801.821', 'D02.092.782.802'], ['C25.775.835', 'F03.900.825'], ['A08.850', 'A11.284.149.165.420.780'], ['G02.111.905', 'G05.308.850', 'G07.690.773.998']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
On two-channel filter banks with directional vanishing moments.
|
The contourlet transform was proposed to address the limited directional resolution of the separable wavelet transform. One way to guarantee good approximation behavior is to let the directional filters in the contourlet filter bank have sharp frequency response. This requires filters with large support size. We seek to isolate the key filter property that ensures good approximation. In this direction, we propose filters with directional vanishing moments (DVM). These filters, we show, annihilate information along a given direction. We study two-channel filter banks with DVM filters. We provide conditions under which the design of DVM filter banks is possible. A complete characterization of the product filter is, thus, obtained. We propose a design framework that avoids 2-D factorization using the mapping technique. The filters designed, when used in the contourlet transform, exhibit nonlinear approximation comparable to the conventional filters while being shorter and, therefore, providing better visual quality with less ringing artifacts. Furthermore, experiments show that the proposed filters outperform the conventional ones in image approximation and denoising.
|
['Algorithms', 'Computer Graphics', 'Image Enhancement', 'Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted', 'Numerical Analysis, Computer-Assisted', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted']
| 17,491,453
|
[['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['L01.224.108', 'L01.296.110'], ['E01.370.350.600.350', 'L01.224.308.380'], ['E01.158.600', 'E01.370.350.350', 'L01.313.500.750.100.158.600'], ['L01.224.680.700'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['L01.224.800']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Neuroinflammation extends brain tissue at risk to vital peri-infarct tissue: a double tracer [11C]PK11195- and [18F]FDG-PET study.
|
Focal cerebral ischemia elicits strong inflammatory responses involving activation of resident microglia and recruitment of monocytes/macrophages. These cells express peripheral benzodiazepine receptors (PBRs) and can be visualized by positron emission tomography (PET) using [(11)C]PK11195 that selectively binds to PBRs. Earlier research suggests that transient ischemia in rats induces increased [(11)C]PK11195 binding within the infarct core. In this study, we investigated the expression of PBRs during permanent ischemia in rats. Permanent cerebral ischemia was induced by injection of macrospheres into the middle cerebral artery. Multimodal imaging 7 days after ischemia comprised (1) magnetic resonance imaging that assessed the extent of infarcts; (2) [(18)F]-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose ([(18)F]FDG)-PET characterizing cerebral glucose transport and metabolism; and (3) [(11)C]PK11195-PET detecting neuroinflammation. Immunohistochemistry verified ischemic damage and neuroinflammatory processes. Contrasting with earlier data for transient ischemia, no [(11)C]PK11195 binding was found in the infarct core. Rather, permanent ischemia caused increased [(11)C]PK11195 binding in the normoperfused peri-infarct zone (mean standard uptake value (SUV): 1.93+/-0.49), colocalizing with a 60% increase in the [(18)F]FDG metabolic rate constant with accumulated activated microglia and macrophages. These results suggest that after permanent focal ischemia, neuroinflammation occurring in the normoperfused peri-infarct zone goes along with increased energy demand, therefore extending the tissue at risk to areas adjacent to the infarct.
|
['Animals', 'Brain Infarction', 'Carbon Radioisotopes', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Fluorodeoxyglucose F18', 'Isoquinolines', 'Male', 'Neurogenic Inflammation', 'Positron-Emission Tomography', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Risk Factors']
| 19,352,400
|
[['B01.050'], ['C10.228.140.300.150.477', 'C10.228.140.300.775.200', 'C14.907.253.092.477', 'C14.907.253.855.200', 'C23.550.513.355.250', 'C23.550.717.489.250'], ['D01.268.150.075.328', 'D01.496.123.328', 'D01.496.749.154'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['D09.254.229.500'], ['D03.633.100.531'], ['C10.597.609', 'C23.550.470.448'], ['E01.370.350.350.800.700', 'E01.370.350.600.350.800.399', 'E01.370.350.710.800.399', 'E01.370.350.825.800.399', 'E01.370.384.730.800.399'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Activity dependent alkaline and acid transients in guinea pig hippocampal slices.
|
Changes of extracellular proton concentration ([H+]o) and K+ activity ([K+]o) were simultaneously measured by ion-sensitive microelectrodes in the CA3 region of guinea pig hippocampal slices. Repetitive electrical stimulation and application of glutamate or GABA were associated with prominent alkaline transients of up to 0.2 pH units lasting 2-10 s followed by smaller acid transients lasting up to 4 min. About 10-fold smaller alkaline transients were induced by spontaneous field discharges in the presence of bicuculline. The time to the maximal amplitude of the alkaline transients and the time to maximal increases of [K+]o were in the same range, concurring with the assumption that alkaline transients are due to a proton influx through cationic channels. However, spontaneous field discharges in low-calcium solution in which synaptic transmission is reduced were associated with acid transients of up to 0.02 pH units lasting 2-20 s. An alkaline transient was superimposed on the acid transient only when increases of [K+]o exceeded 1.5 mM. The effects of changing [H+]o on electrically evoked field potentials and spontaneous field discharges were studied in the range from pH 7.00 to 7.80. Electrically evoked field potentials were markedly depressed from pH 7.15 to 7.00 and enhanced from pH 7.60 to 7.80. The frequency of spontaneous field discharges in the presence of bicuculline significantly decreased by reducing pH from 7.40 to 7.30 and continuously increased from pH 7.40 to 7.80. In the same way, the frequency and the amplitude of spontaneous field discharges in low-calcium solution decreased from pH 7.40 to 7.15 and increased from pH 7.40 to 7.80.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
|
['Acid-Base Equilibrium', 'Action Potentials', 'Animals', 'Electric Stimulation', 'Glutamates', 'Glutamic Acid', 'Guinea Pigs', 'Hippocampus', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'gamma-Aminobutyric Acid']
| 2,574,624
|
[['G02.111.007', 'G02.300.176', 'G03.030', 'G07.410.110', 'G09.188.050'], ['G04.580.100', 'G07.265.675.100', 'G11.561.570.100'], ['B01.050'], ['E05.723.402'], ['D12.125.067.625', 'D12.125.119.409'], ['D12.125.067.625.349', 'D12.125.119.409.349', 'D12.125.427.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.550'], ['A08.186.211.180.405', 'A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.345'], ['G02.300'], ['E05.481'], ['D02.241.081.114.500.350', 'D12.125.190.350']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Development and psychometric properties of the stressor scale for emergency nurses.
|
INTRODUCTION: Emergency department nurses are exposed to specific stressors and report higher stress levels than nurses in other hospital departments. This study aimed to develop and test the psychometric properties of a questionnaire-based instrument for identifying stressors for emergency department nurses.METHODS: The instrument's content and face validities were examined by five experts and nurses in emergency nursing field. The test-retest reliability was examined on 30 emergency department nurses. The construct validity, including an exploratory and a confirmatory factor analysis, was tested on 405 emergency department nurses. Cronbach's alpha values and intra-class coefficients were calculated.RESULTS: The instrument's content and face validities were satisfactory. The exploratory factor analysis provided a five-factor solution, whereas the confirmatory factor analysis provided a final four-factor solution with 25 items distributed among the factors Life and death situations, Patients' and families' actions and reactions, Technical and formal support, and Conflicts. The Cronbach's alpha values ranged from 0.89 to 0.93 per factor, and the intra-class correlation coefficient was 0.89, indicating good homogeneity and stability.CONCLUSIONS: The instrument's content, face, and construct validities were satisfactory, and the internal consistency and test-retest reliability were good. This instrument can be useful in the management of emergency departments.
|
['Adult', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Emergency Service, Hospital', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Nurses', 'Psychometrics', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Stress, Psychological', 'Surveys and Questionnaires']
| 29,409,734
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['N02.278.216.500.968.336', 'N02.421.297.195', 'N04.452.442.452.422.336'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['M01.526.485.650', 'N02.360.650'], ['F04.711.780'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['F01.145.126.990', 'F02.830.900'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
The connective tissue framework in the normal prostate, BPH and prostate cancer: analysis by scanning electron microscopy after cellular digestion.
|
The objective of this study was twofold: (1) to determine if a cellular digestion process can facilitate examination of the morphology of the connective tissue framework of the prostate, and (2) to examine the connective tissue framework in normal prostate tissue, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer. Ten prostate glands were examined. Using the Ohtani method of digestion, the cellular elements were removed. This enabled scanning electron microscopy analysis of the connective tissue framework within the prostatic tissue. Light microscopy of tissue blocks determined the histology of specimens. The prostate is supported by a highly structured network of collagen fibres. This network of fibres varies in normal and diseased states. In benign prostatic hyperplasia, the collagen network is dense, with an increased number of fibres. In prostatic adenocarcinoma, there is non-uniform swelling with a loss and disintegration of collagen fibres. In conclusion, sodium hydroxide cellular digestion provides an excellent method for demonstrating the connective tissue framework of prostatic tissue. The morphological changes in collagen fibres in normal prostate, benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostatic adenocarcinoma have implications for prostate growth in normal and diseased states.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Caustics', 'Connective Tissue', 'Histological Techniques', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Microscopy, Electron, Scanning', 'Middle Aged', 'Prostate', 'Prostatic Hyperplasia', 'Prostatic Neoplasms', 'Reference Values', 'Sodium Hydroxide']
| 11,127,707
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D27.720.185', 'D27.888.569.185'], ['A10.165'], ['E01.370.225.750', 'E05.200.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.515.402.541', 'E05.595.402.541'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['A05.360.444.575', 'A10.336.707'], ['C12.294.565.500'], ['C04.588.945.440.770', 'C12.294.260.750', 'C12.294.565.625', 'C12.758.409.750'], ['E05.978.810'], ['D01.045.250.750', 'D01.248.497.158.459.475', 'D01.857.745']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
T-2 Toxin/HT-2 Toxin and Ochratoxin A ELISAs Development and In-House Validation in Food in Accordance with the Commission Regulation (EU) No 519/2014.
|
T-2 toxin/HT-2 toxin (T-2/HT-2) and ochratoxin A (OTA) are mycotoxins that can contaminate a variety of agricultural commodities. To protect consumers' health, indicative limits for T-2/HT-2 and maximum limits for OTA have been set by the European Commission, requiring food business operators and controlling agencies to conduct routine checks for the presence of these harmful contaminants. Screening methods are increasingly used for monitoring purposes. Due to the demand for new and improved screening tools, two individual detection methods, T-2/HT-2 and OTA enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs), were developed in this study. The T-2/HT-2 ELISA was based on a T-2 monoclonal antibody with an IC50 (50% inhibitory concentration) of 0.28 ng/mL and 125% cross-reactivity with HT-2. As regards the OTA ELISA, a new sensitive monoclonal antibody specific to OTA with an IC50 of 0.13 ng/mL was produced. Both developed ELISA tests were then validated in agricultural commodities in accordance with the new performance criteria guidelines for the validation of screening methods for mycotoxins included in Commission Regulation (EU) No 519/2014. The T-2/HT-2 ELISA was demonstrated to be suitable for the detection of T-2/HT-2 in cereals and baby food at and above the screening target concentration (STC) of 12.5 ìg/kg and 7.5 ìg/kg, respectively. The OTA ELISA was shown to be applicable for the detection of OTA in cereals, coffee, cocoa and wine at and above the STC of 2 ìg/kg, 2.5 ìg/kg, 2.5 ìg/kg and 0.4 ng/mL, respectively. The accuracy of both ELISAs was further confirmed by analysing proficiency test and reference samples. The developed methods can be used for sensitive and high-throughput screening for the presence of T-2/HT-2 and OTA in agricultural commodities.
|
['Cacao', 'Coffee', 'Edible Grain', 'Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay', 'Food Contamination', 'Government Regulation', 'Limit of Detection', 'Ochratoxins', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'T-2 Toxin']
| 29,189,752
|
[['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.859.821.500.164'], ['D20.215.784.249', 'G07.203.100.325', 'J02.200.325'], ['A18.024.500.750.500', 'B01.650.160.250', 'B01.650.510.250', 'G07.203.300.300.550', 'G07.203.300.775.500', 'J02.500.300.550', 'J02.500.775.500'], ['E05.478.566.350.170', 'E05.478.566.380.360', 'E05.478.583.400.170', 'E05.601.470.350.170', 'E05.601.470.380.360'], ['J01.576.423.850.730.500.249', 'N06.850.460.400', 'N06.850.601.500.249'], ['I01.880.604.394', 'N03.706.358'], ['E05.318.740.872.374', 'N05.715.360.750.725.500', 'N06.850.520.830.872.500'], ['D03.383.663.283.446.800.500', 'D03.633.100.150.446.800.500', 'D23.946.587.697'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['D02.455.849.765.850.950.500', 'D04.345.891.950.500', 'D23.946.587.933.950.500']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Influence of Cartoon Media Characters on Children's Attention to and Preference for Food and Beverage Products.
|
BACKGROUND: Over-consuming unhealthful foods and beverages contributes to pediatric obesity and associated diseases. Food marketing influences children's food preferences, choices, and intake.OBJECTIVE: To examine whether adding licensed media characters to healthful food/beverage packages increases children's attention to and preference for these products. We hypothesized that children prefer less- (vs more-) healthful foods, and pay greater attention to and preferentially select products with (vs without) media characters regardless of nutritional quality. We also hypothesized that children prefer more-healthful products when characters are present over less-healthful products without characters.DESIGN: On a computer, participants viewed food/beverage pairs of more-healthful and less-healthful versions of similar products. The same products were shown with and without licensed characters on the packaging. An eye-tracking camera monitored participant gaze, and participants chose which product they preferred from each of 60 pairs.PARTICIPANTS/SETTING: Six- to 9-year-old children (n=149; mean age=7.36, standard deviation=1.12) recruited from the Twin Cities, MN, area in 2012-2013.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Visual attention and product choice.STATISTICAL ANALYSES PERFORMED: Attention to products was compared using paired-samples t tests, and product choice was analyzed with single-sample t tests. Analyses of variance were conducted to test for interaction effects of specific characters and child sex and age.RESULTS: Children paid more attention to products with characters and preferred less-healthful products. Contrary to our prediction, children chose products without characters approximately 62% of the time. Children's choices significantly differed based on age, sex, and the specific cartoon character displayed, with characters in this study being preferred by younger boys.CONCLUSIONS: Results suggest that putting licensed media characters on more-healthful food/beverage products might not encourage all children to make healthier food choices, but could increase selection of healthy foods among some, particularly younger children, boys, and those who like the featured character(s). Effective use likely requires careful demographic targeting.
|
['Advertising', 'Attention', 'Beverages', 'Child', 'Choice Behavior', 'Communications Media', 'Diet, Healthy', 'Female', 'Food Preferences', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Minnesota', 'Nutritive Value', 'Socioeconomic Factors']
| 27,793,520
|
[['J01.219.687.274', 'L01.143.050'], ['F02.830.104.214'], ['G07.203.100', 'J02.200'], ['M01.060.406'], ['F02.463.785.373.346'], ['L01.178'], ['F01.829.458.205.500', 'G07.203.650.240.629'], ['F01.145.407.516', 'G07.203.650.353.516'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.107.567.875.350.510', 'Z01.107.567.875.510.510'], ['G07.203.650.660', 'J01.576.423.850.730.750', 'N06.850.601.750'], ['I01.880.853.996', 'N01.824']]
|
['Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
High rate of advanced colorectal polyps in a 10-year-long retrospective study in Qazvin, Iran.
|
BACKGROUND: Polyps are common lesions in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Colon cancer is mostly a result of progression from polyps. The present study aimed to evaluate demographic, clinical, and histological characteristics of colorectal polyps in Iran, particularly neoplastic and advanced types.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Over a period of 10 years, specimens of all colorectal polyps obtained from colonoscopy were studied. The variables subjected to statistical analysis were age, sex, and the chief clinical complaint of the patients who underwent colonoscopy, their motivation, and the site, size, and histological types of detected polyps. The level of significance was set at p value<0.05.RESULTS: Data were obtained from a total of 352 patients. No difference was seen between male and female patients regarding histological types. Only in nine patients was screening the reason for colonoscopy. Almost two-thirds (66.2%) of the polyps were neoplastic. Familial polyposis syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease were seen in 4.3% and 3.0% of the patients with neoplastic polyps, respectively. Sites of polyps were the sigmoid, rectum, and descending colon in 40.1%, 34.5%, and 17% of the cases, respectively. The advanced type made up 58.8% of neoplastic polyps. Only 3.6% of the patients undergoing colonoscopy in the study period had biopsied polyps.DISCUSSION: No difference was observed between male and female patients in terms of overall incidence of polyps, histological and anatomical profiles, and mean age distribution. Anatomical and histological profiles agreed with the studies performed in areas with a low risk of colon cancer. The findings show that colonoscopy was not performed when it was necessary. A meaningful increase in the number polyp biopsy cases and a corresponding decrease in polyp size in the last few years of the study can be associated with the presence of more GI specialist clinicians in hospital centers, and this holds out much hope for the further improvement of the situation in the future.
|
['Adenomatous Polyposis Coli', 'Adult', 'Colon', 'Colonic Neoplasms', 'Colonic Polyps', 'Colonoscopy', 'Early Detection of Cancer', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Inflammatory Bowel Diseases', 'Intestinal Polyps', 'Iran', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Rectum', 'Retrospective Studies']
| 25,520,083
|
[['C04.557.470.035.215.100', 'C04.588.274.476.411.307.089', 'C04.700.100', 'C06.301.371.411.307.090', 'C06.405.249.411.307.090', 'C06.405.469.158.356.090', 'C06.405.469.491.307.090', 'C06.405.469.578.249', 'C16.320.700.100'], ['M01.060.116'], ['A03.556.124.526.356', 'A03.556.249.249.356'], ['C04.588.274.476.411.307.180', 'C06.301.371.411.307.180', 'C06.405.249.411.307.180', 'C06.405.469.158.356.180', 'C06.405.469.491.307.180'], ['C23.300.825.411.235'], ['E01.370.372.250.250.200', 'E01.370.388.250.250.250.160', 'E04.210.240.250.160', 'E04.502.250.250.250.160'], ['E01.390.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C06.405.205.731', 'C06.405.469.432'], ['C23.300.825.411'], ['Z01.252.245.500.350'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['A03.556.124.526.767', 'A03.556.249.249.767'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Antioxidant efficacy of black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) and piperine in rats with high fat diet induced oxidative stress.
|
The present study was aimed to explore the effect of black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) on tissue lipid peroxidation, enzymic and non-enzymic antioxidants in rats fed a high-fat diet. Thirty male Wistar rats (95-115 g) were divided into 5 groups. They were fed standard pellet diet, high-fat diet (20% coconut oil, 2% cholesterol and 0.125% bile salts), high-fat diet plus black pepper (0.25 g or 0.5 g/kg body weight), high-fat diet plus piperine (0.02 g/kg body weight) for a period of 10 weeks. Significantly elevated levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), conjugated dienes (CD) and significantly lowered activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and reduced glutathione (GSH) in the liver, heart, kidney, intestine and aorta were observed in rats fed the high fat diet as compared to the control rats. Simultaneous supplementation with black pepper or piperine lowered TBARS and CD levels and maintained SOD, CAT, GPx, GST, and GSH levels to near those of control rats. The data indicate that supplementation with black pepper or the active principle of black pepper, piperine, can reduce high-fat diet induced oxidative stress to the cells.
|
['Alkaloids', 'Animals', 'Antioxidants', 'Aorta', 'Benzodioxoles', 'Catalase', 'Dietary Fats', 'Glutathione', 'Glutathione Peroxidase', 'Glutathione Transferase', 'Heart', 'Intestines', 'Kidney', 'Lipid Peroxidation', 'Liver', 'Male', 'Oxidative Stress', 'Piper nigrum', 'Piperidines', 'Polyunsaturated Alkamides', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Superoxide Dismutase', 'Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances']
| 15,231,065
|
[['D03.132'], ['B01.050'], ['D27.505.519.217', 'D27.505.696.706.125', 'D27.720.799.047'], ['A07.015.114.056'], ['D03.383.246.118', 'D03.633.100.115'], ['D08.811.682.732.332'], ['D10.212.302', 'G07.203.300.375', 'J02.500.375'], ['D12.644.456.448'], ['D08.811.682.732.500'], ['D08.811.913.225.500'], ['A07.541'], ['A03.556.124'], ['A05.810.453'], ['G02.111.515', 'G03.295.531.587'], ['A03.620'], ['G03.673', 'G07.775.750'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.812.666.500'], ['D03.383.621'], ['D02.065.690', 'D02.455.326.271.690', 'D02.455.326.397.675'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900'], ['D08.811.682.881'], ['D02.047.700.700', 'D27.720.470.410.750']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Surgical management of choanal atresia.
|
Our experience with the diagnosis and surgical management of 37 patients with congenital atresia or severe stenosis of both posterior nasal choanae is presented. Twenty-five were repaired transnasally and 12 were repaired transpalatally. Soft stents were fashioned from Silastic tubing and used for 6 to 12 weeks postoperatively. In 64% of the transnasal operations and 83% of the transpalatal operations, full patency of both choanae was achieved without the necessity of dilatations. In most of the remaining operations, one lumen remained patent.
|
['Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Choanal Atresia', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Methods', 'Nasal Cavity', 'Nasopharynx', 'Postoperative Care', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed']
| 3,412,088
|
[['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['C08.460.171', 'C08.695.271', 'C09.603.171', 'C16.131.740.271'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['E05.581'], ['A04.531.449'], ['A04.623.557', 'A14.724.557'], ['E02.760.731.700', 'E04.604.500', 'N02.421.585.722.700'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
New technology in pediatric dentistry.
|
The goals of creating a generation free of cavities and anxiety are attainable with the acceptance of fluoride, sealants and early dental education. New technology, such as air abrasion, makes possible painless, conservative caries removal when decay is diagnosed early. Digital radiography provides for low-dose X-ray evaluation and diagnosis, and computers give dentists the means for better communication with parents and patients.
|
['Child', 'Communication', 'Computer Systems', 'Dental Anxiety', 'Dental Care for Children', 'Dental Caries', 'Dentist-Patient Relations', 'Fluorides', 'Health Education, Dental', 'Humans', 'Pediatric Dentistry', 'Pit and Fissure Sealants', 'Radiographic Image Enhancement', 'Radiography, Dental', 'Technology, Dental']
| 8,850,194
|
[['M01.060.406'], ['F01.145.209', 'L01.143'], ['L01.224.230'], ['F01.470.132.300'], ['E06.170.152', 'N02.421.240.190.215'], ['C07.793.720.210'], ['F01.829.401.650.410', 'N05.300.660.325'], ['D01.248.497.158.380', 'D01.303.350.300'], ['I02.233.332.374', 'N02.421.726.407.457', 'N06.890.410'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['H02.163.876.600'], ['D25.339.773', 'J01.637.051.339.773'], ['E01.370.350.600.350.700', 'E01.370.350.700.700', 'L01.224.308.380.600'], ['E01.370.350.700.720', 'E06.342.764'], ['E06.912', 'H02.010.800', 'J01.897.724']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Two fixation methods for acromioclavicular joint reduction during coracoclavicular ligament reconstruction: a biomechanical analysis.
|
One specimen from each of six pairs of cadaveric shoulders underwent a semitendinosus coracoclavicular ligament reconstruction with a hook plate used for acromioclavicular joint reduction, while on the other specimen a polydioxanone (PDS) suture braid was utilized. Cyclical loading followed by maximal load-to-failure testing was performed. Displacement during cyclical loading, loads to 50% and 100% displacement, stiffness, and maximal load to failure were determined for all specimens. Results showed that the locking hook plate allowed significantly less displacement of the coracoclavicular interval during cyclical loading (3.41 vs. 9.67 mm, p = .0081) and withstood significantly higher loads before both 50% (225.5 vs. 107.7 N, p = .0197) and 100% displacement (410.6 vs. 240.1 N, p = .0077). The locking hook plate was found to be significantly stiffer than the PDS suture braid (28.2 vs. 18.4 N/mm, p = .0029), but there was no difference in maximal load to failure between the two fixation methods (hook plate, 434.4 N; PDS, 476.7 N; p = .76).
|
['Acromioclavicular Joint', 'Aged', 'Bone Plates', 'Bone Screws', 'Cadaver', 'Clavicle', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Ligaments, Articular', 'Male', 'Materials Testing', 'Polydioxanone', 'Sutures', 'Weight-Bearing']
| 25,153,813
|
[['A02.835.583.032'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E07.695.370.374', 'E07.858.442.660.460.374', 'E07.858.690.725.460.374'], ['E07.695.370.437', 'E07.858.442.660.460.437', 'E07.858.690.725.460.437'], ['C23.550.260.224'], ['A02.835.232.087.227'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A02.513.514', 'A02.835.583.512', 'A10.165.669.514'], ['E05.570'], ['D05.750.728.700', 'D25.130.650', 'D25.720.728.700', 'J01.637.051.130.650', 'J01.637.051.720.728.700'], ['E07.858.690.820'], ['G01.374.965']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Gemcitabine-oxaliplatin combination in heavily pretreated metastatic breast cancer: a pilot study on 43 patients.
|
To investigate the efficacy and the safety of gemcitabine and oxaliplatin combination in metastatic breast cancer (MBC), in patients heavily treated with anthracycline and taxane. A retrospective study including all MBC patients, treated by two different schedules of GemOx between February 2001 and December 2003 in the medical oncology department of Saint-Louis hospital. Forty-three consecutive patients were included. Median involved organs was 2. The median number of regimen of previous metastatic chemotherapy administered was 3. The median number of cycle administered was 5, with a median dose by cycle of 1,000 or 2,000 mg/m(2) of gemcitabine (D1D2 or D1D8 schedule, respectively) and 100 mg/m(2) of oxaliplatin. Of the 40 evaluable patients, three achieved a partial response giving an overall response rate of 7.5% and 11 demonstrated stable disease, giving a stabilization rate of 27.5%. Median overall survival in all treated patients was 10.6 months and median progression-free survival in all evaluated patients was 3.0 and 10.5 months for the partial responders. Hematotoxicity was prevalent, sometimes severe, with grades 3 and 4 neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, and anemia in 42%, 19%, and 14% of the patients. Grades 3 and 4 peripheral neuropathy were developed by 9% of the patients, but was not limiting. The present study reports the results of two exploratory schedules of the GemOx combination in advanced breast cancer patients. The D1D8 schedule was the most promising and deserves further clinical studies.
|
['Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Anthracyclines', 'Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols', 'Breast Neoplasms', 'Bridged-Ring Compounds', 'Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast', 'Carcinoma, Lobular', 'Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury', 'Deoxycytidine', 'Drug Administration Schedule', 'Female', 'Hematologic Diseases', 'Humans', 'Infusions, Intravenous', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoadjuvant Therapy', 'Organoplatinum Compounds', 'Oxaliplatin', 'Peripheral Nervous System Diseases', 'Pilot Projects', 'Survival Analysis', 'Taxoids']
| 17,319,858
|
[['C04.557.470.200.025.075', 'C04.557.470.590.075'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.562.050', 'D04.615.562.050', 'D09.408.051.059'], ['E02.183.750.500', 'E02.319.077.500', 'E02.319.310.037'], ['C04.588.180', 'C17.800.090.500'], ['D02.455.426.100', 'D04.075'], ['C04.557.470.200.025.232.500', 'C04.557.470.615.132.500', 'C04.588.180.390', 'C17.800.090.500.390'], ['C04.557.470.200.025.305', 'C04.557.470.615.305', 'C04.588.180.437', 'C17.800.090.500.437'], ['C06.552.100', 'C25.100.562', 'C25.723.260'], ['D03.383.742.680.245.500', 'D13.570.230.329', 'D13.570.685.245.500'], ['E02.319.283'], ['C15.378'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.319.267.082.500', 'E02.319.267.510.590'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E02.186.450'], ['D02.691.788'], ['D02.257.750'], ['C10.668.829'], ['E05.318.372.750', 'E05.337.737', 'N05.715.360.330.720', 'N06.850.520.450.720'], ['E05.318.740.998', 'N05.715.360.750.795', 'N06.850.520.830.998'], ['D02.455.426.392.368.242.888', 'D02.455.849.291.850']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
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|
Comparison of maternal abdominal subcutaneous fat thickness and body mass index as markers for pregnancy outcomes: A stratified cohort study.
|
BACKGROUND: Obesity in pregnancy is associated with a number of adverse outcomes. The effects of central versus general obesity in pregnancy have not been well established.AIM: To compare subcutaneous fat thickness (SFT) with body mass index (BMI) as a marker for pregnancy outcomes.METHODS: A stratified retrospective cohort study was performed on 1200 pregnancies, selected from a total of 4862 nulliparous, nonsmoking women between 2006 and 2010. SFT was measured on routine ultrasound at 18-22 weeks gestation. BMI and SFT measurements were compared for estimating risks for obesity-related pregnancy outcomes using logistic regression adjusted for maternal age.RESULTS: The median SFT was 18.2 mm (range 6.3-50.9 mm), the median BMI was 23.8 kg/m(2) (range 15.2-52.5), and the correlation between SFT and BMI was 0.53. For every 5 mm increase in SFT and every 5 kg/m(2) increase in BMI, the odds ratios for developing gestational diabetes mellitus were 1.40 (CI 1.22-1.61, P < 0.001) and 1.16 (CI 0.95-1.40, P = 0.1), for caesarean section 1.28 (CI 1.16-1.40, P < 0.001) and 1.16 (CI 1.05-1.28, P = 0.003), large for gestational age 1.28 (CI 1.16-1.47, P = 0.001) and 1.10 (CI 0.95-1.28, P = 0.16) and cumulative adverse obesity-related pregnancy outcomes 1.16 (CI 1.10-1.28, P = 0.002) and 1.05 (CI 0.95-1.16, P = 0.45), respectively.CONCLUSION: SFT at 18-22 weeks gestation is better than BMI as a marker for obesity-related pregnancy outcomes. As SFT is considered a surrogate measure for visceral fat, these results suggest that central obesity is a stronger risk factor than general adiposity in pregnancy.
|
['Adult', 'Biomarkers', 'Body Mass Index', 'Cesarean Section', 'Confidence Intervals', 'Diabetes, Gestational', 'Female', 'Fetal Macrosomia', 'Humans', 'Logistic Models', 'Obesity', 'Odds Ratio', 'Pregnancy', 'Pregnancy Trimester, Second', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Risk Factors', 'Subcutaneous Fat, Abdominal', 'Ultrasonography', 'Young Adult']
| 23,045,985
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D23.101'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.125', 'E05.041.124.125', 'G07.100.100.125', 'N06.850.505.200.100.175'], ['E04.520.252.500'], ['E05.318.740.275', 'N05.715.360.750.220', 'N06.850.520.830.275'], ['C13.703.170', 'C18.452.394.750.448', 'C19.246.200'], ['C13.703.170.500', 'C13.703.277.570', 'C13.703.726.570', 'C16.300.570', 'C19.246.099.968', 'C23.888.144.186.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.740.500.525', 'E05.318.740.600.800.450', 'E05.318.740.750.450', 'E05.599.835.875', 'N05.715.360.750.530.480', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.450', 'N05.715.360.750.695.470', 'N06.850.520.830.500.525', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.450', 'N06.850.520.830.750.450'], ['C18.654.726.500', 'C23.888.144.699.500', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120.699.500', 'G07.100.100.160.120.699.500'], ['E05.318.740.600.600', 'G17.680.500', 'N05.715.360.750.625.590', 'N06.850.520.830.600.600'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['G08.686.707.490'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['A10.165.114.830.500.750', 'A10.165.114.830.750.500'], ['E01.370.350.850'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
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